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MARY
SOUTH AFRICAN NA1
,RY
R3ITY INSTITUTE
)1
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF
- SOUTH AFRICA.
A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOURED FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE
FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA.
EDITED BY
I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.Sc., F.L.S.,
Cilirf. ©ibision of ^flant EnBustvp, Department of Agriculture, JPrctoria ;
anB Director of ttje Botanical Surbcn of tije Dnion of Soutij Africa.
VOL. XV.
The veld which lies so desolate and bare
Will blossom into cities white and fair,
And pinnacles will pierce the desert air,
And sparkle in the sun.
R. C. Macfib’s “Ex Unitate Vires.”
L. REEVE & CO., Ltd.,
LLOYDS BANK BUILDINGS, BANK STREET, ASHFORD, KENT.
SOUTH AFRICA:
J. L. VAN SCHAIK LTD.
P.O. BOX 724, PRETORIA
1935.
{All rights reserved .]
(
Division
TO
JOSEPH BURTT DAVY, M.A., Ph.D.,
LECTURER IN TROPICAL FOREST BOTANY AT THE
IMPERIAL FORESTRY INSTITUTE UNIVERSITY OF
OXFORD, FORMERLY GOVERNMENT BOTANIST
TO THE TRANSVAAL AND CHIEF, DIVISION OF
BOTANY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, UNION
OF SOUTH AFRICA, THIS VOLUME IS GRATEFULLY
DEDICATED IN RECOGNITION OF HIS UNTIRING
LABOURS AND VALUABLE WORK ON THE FLORA
OF THE TRANSVAAL.
of Plant Industry, Pretoria.
October , 1935.
.56 7
Plate 561.
NERINE ELEXTTOSA.
Cape Province.
Ajviae yllid aceae . Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine flexuosa, Herb. App. 19; FI. Cap. vol. vi. p. 211.
The original of our Plate is a plant sent in flower by Miss
G. Blackbeard from Pluto’s Vale, near Grahamstown, in July
1931, when the drawing was made. Except that the umbel
sometimes appears to be centripetal and sometimes centrifugal,
Miss Blackbeard’s plant agrees well with Jacquin’s type-
figure, published in 1797, and this identification has been
confirmed at Kew.*
Only two localities for N. flexuosa are given in the Flora
Capensis, namely, mountains in the Somerset East Division
for the typical form ( Burchell , Bolus, and MacOwan), and, for
the variety Sandersonii, the Transvaal ( Sanderson ). The
living material we have examined from Bruntje’s Hoogte, in
the Somerset East Division, serves to confirm the records in
the Flora Capensis so far as the typical form is concerned.
But if the plant figured on Plate 139 of this work as Nerine
flexuosa. Herb. var. Sandersonii, Baker, is identical with
Sanderson’s plant, then the latter is a species quite distinct
from N. flexuosa, and allied rather to N. lucida, Herb, (see
Plate 134) and N.falcata, Barker (see Plate 511), agreeing with
its affinities in the robust peduncle, which is compressed and
two-edged in the upper portion, in the numerously flowered
umbel, and in the obscurely waved perianth-segments. But
it is distinct in having conduplicate leaves which are narrowed
* Grateful acknowledgments are due to Kew, where all the drawings and
notes contained in this Part were compared with the Kew material by
Messrs. J. Hutchinson and R. A. Dyer after they had examined and revised
the latter in the Kew Herbarium. Their resulting decision in each case is
quoted in our introductory remarks under these species. — W. F. Barker.
See note under pi. 570.
upwards and much more acute than is usual in the genus. At
Kew N. falcata, Barker is considered : — “ identical with N.
flexuosa var. Sandersonii, Baker,” which “ appears to be close
to N. lucida, Herb., differing in having a peduncle exceeding
the leaves, and perhaps little more than a geographical form of
N. lucida .”
Description : — Bulb ovoid, covered with light brown
papery scales, 2-5 cm. diam., produced into a short neck.
Leaves 4-5, synanthous, more or less erect or recurved, lorate,
bright green, smooth, thin in texture, up to 50 cm. long, 2 cm.
broad. Peduncle terete, glabrous, up to CO cm. long, 4 mm.
diam. near the middle. Spathe-valves lanceolate, acute, tinged
with reddish-purple, 3-8 cm. long. Umbel of 9 or more
flowers. Pedicels slender, up to 3-8 cm. long. Perianth-
segments pale pink, undulate, apex recurved, 3-2 cm. long,
4 mm. broad. Stamens declinate, exappendiculate at the base,
a little shorter than the perianth. Ovary obtusely angled,
4 mm. diam. Style declinate, pale pink, as long as the
stamens. (Bolus Herbarium, No. 20105.) — W. F. Barker.
Plate 561. — Fig. 1, front view of young flower ; Fig. 2, do. of old flower ;
Fig. 3, longitudinal section of young flower ; Fig. 4, gynaecium and androe-
cium of old flower.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
56 2
Plate 562.
NERINE Peersii.
Cape Province.
Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine Peersii, Barker, sp. nov.
Bulbus depresso-globosus, 2-5 cm. longus, 3 cm. diam. ; tunicae interiores
insigniter productae, collum ad 7 cm. lortgum formantes. Folia 5, synantha,
linearia, obtusa, supra minute scaberula, vix glauca, ad 25 cm. longa, 0-7-1-2
cm. lata. Pedunculus teres, laete viridis, interne rubescens, 32 cm. longus,
ad 3 mm. diam. Spathae valvae lanceolatae, saturate rubro-purpureae,
4-5 cm. longae. Umbella 5-6-flora, centrifugiens, 15 cm. diam. ; pedicelli
glaberrimi, 4—6 cm. longi. Segmenta perianthii, omnia, demum labrium
posticum formantia (staminibus cum stylo labium anticum formantibus),
linearia, acuminata, dimidio superiore undulata, apice recurvata vel spiraliter
torta, dimidio inferior marginibus incurvatis minute crispulatis, basi com-
planata saturateque carminea, supeme pallidiora, supra inferne anguste
vittata, 4-5 cm. longa, ad 4 mm. lata. Stamina segmentis aequilonga,
antheris ante dehiscentem saturate rubris 6 mm. longis. Ovarium obtuse
angulatum, pluri-ovulatum, 3 mm. diam. Stylus per anthesin staminibus
longior. Stigma maturum conspicue 3-lobatum.
Uniondale Div. ; Toverwater Poort, April, V.S. Peers. (Bolus Herbarium,
No. 20370.)
Our new species so closely resembles the plant figured in
the Botanical Magazine, t. 2407, as Nerine pulchella, Herb,
(which was regarded in the Flora Capensis as a variety of N.
flexuosa) that it may even be a form of N. pulchella. But
Nerine Peersii has perianth-segments which are narrower and
long-acuminate, with a more decided wave in the margins.
The peduncle, too, is more slender, as are the somewhat
flexuous pedicels, the leaves are scarcely glaucous, and they
are more numerous.
At Kew our species was considered to be identical with
N. undulata, Herb. ; but the general appearance is quite
different, the leaves being more erect than in that species,
while the flowers are much larger and not so numerous, the
pedicels stiffer and erect, not soft and spreading, and the style
is longer than the stamens even in the very young flower.
It is interesting to note that this is the first Nerine recorded
from the Uniondale Division. It bears the name of Mr. V. S.
Peers, who from his extensive collections in various parts of
South Africa has contributed many little known and new
species to botanical institutions. The specimen figured
flowered in Mr. Peers’ garden in April 1932.
Description : — Bulb depressed -globose, 2-5 cm. long,
3 cm. diam. ; the inner tunics much produced to form a neck
up to 7 cm. long. Leaves 5, synanthous, linear, obtuse,
minutely scabrous on the upper surface, scarcely glaucous,
up to 25 cm. long, 0-7-1 -2 cm. broad. Peduncle terete, bright
green, reddening at the base, 32 cm. long, up to 3 mm. diam.
Spathe-valves lanceolate, dark reddish-purple, 4-5 cm. long.
Umbel 5-6-flowered, centrifugal, 15 cm. diam. ; pedicels quite
glabrous, 4-6 cm. long. Perianth-segments finally all forming
the posticous lip (the stamens and style forming the anticous >
lip), linear, acuminate, undulate in the upper half, the apex
recurved and spirally twisted, the margins in the lower half
incurved, and minutely crisped, the base flat and deep carmine,
paler above, with a narrow strip near the base on the upper
side, 4-5 cm. long, up to 4 mm. broad. Stamens as long as the
segments, anthers before dehiscing dark red, 6 mm. long.
Ovary obtusely angled, several-ovuled, 3 mm. diam. Style
throughout the flowering period longer than the stamens.
Stigma conspicuously three-lobed when mature. (Bolus
Herbarium, No. 20370.) — W. F. Barker.
Plate 562. — Fig. 1, front view of flower; Fig. 2, perianth-segment with
stamen attached ; Fig. 3, gynaecium of old flower.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S63
Plate 563.
NERINE alta.
Cape Province.
Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb., Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine alta, Barker, sp. nov.
Bulbus globosus, ad 4 cm. diam. Folia hysterantha linearia, obtusa,
viridia, 10 cm. longa vel ultra, 9 mm. lata. Pedunculus teres, altissimus,
laete viridis, politus, 60-90 cm. longus, 5 mm. diam. Umbella centrifugiens,
14-18-flora, 7-9 cm. diam. Pedicelli virides, brunneo-suffusi, ad 2-5 cm.
longi. Spathae valvae acutae, saturate rubro-purpureae, pedicellis aequi-
longae vel parum longiores, ad 5 mm. latae. Segmenta perianthii sublilacine
rosea, marginibus per totam longitudinem valde undulatis, dimidio inferiore
conduplicata,2-l cm. longa, 2-5 mm.lata,basi ampliata complanataque itaque
quasi poculum supra ovarium formantia, 5 mm. longa, 5 mm. diam. Stamina
declinata, demum 1-6 cm. longa; antherae ante dehiscentem saturate
rubrae, 4 mm. longae. Ovarium obtuse angulatum, 2-5 mm. diam. Stylus
gracilis, demum staminibus aequilongus. Stigma minute 3-lobatum.
King Williamstown Div. ; Hogsback, March 1932, Mr. F. Leighton.
(National Botanic Gardens, No. .)
Nerine alta is very closely allied to N. undulata, Herb., and
at Kew it is considered to be nothing more than a form of that
species. But there are several differences which appear to be
constant and which are of sufficient importance in the genus to
constitute a good species, namely, the hysteranthous leaves,
the very long peduncle, the perianth-segments distinctly longer
than the stamens, and conspicuously widened at the base,
with the dilated parts either contiguous or slightly overlapping,
so that a sort of cup is formed above the ovary.
The drawing was made from one of several wild plants
collected by Mr. F. Leighton in March 1932 on the Hogsback,
a locality which, as far as our present records go, has produced
no other Nerine. The typical form of N. undulata occurs in
the Albany Division, and may extend southwards to the Uiten-
hage Division. But it would seem quite unlikely that the same
species was found wild on the Cape Peninsula and in the Orange
Free State, as stated in the Flora Capensis, and it is probable
that either garden-grown plants are quoted, or that labels have
been misplaced, or that plants have been wrongly identified.
Description : — Bulb globose, up to 4 cm. diam. Leaves
hysteranthous, linear, obtuse, green, 10 cm. or more long,
9 mm. broad. Peduncle terete, very tall, bright green,
glabrous, 60-90 cm. long, 5 mm. diam. Umbel centrifugal,
14-18-flowered, 7-9 cm. diam. Pedicels green, tinged with
brown, up to 2*5 cm. long. Spathe-valves acute, dark reddish-
purple, as long as or a little longer than the pedicels, up to 5 mm.
broad. Perianth-segments mauve-pink, margins much crisped
throughout their whole length, 2-1 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad,
conduplicate in the lower half, widening and flattening, thus
forming as it were a cup above the ovary, 5 mm. long, 5 mm.
diam. Stamens declinate, finally 1-6 cm. long; anthers before
dehiscing dark red, 4 mm. long. Ovary obtusety angled,
2-5 mm. diam. Style slender, finally as long as the stamens.
Stigma minute, 3-lobed. (Bolus Herbarium, National Botanic
Gardens, No. — W. F. Barker.
Plate 563. — Fig. 1, front view of flower; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of
young flow'er ; Fig. 3, do. of old flower ; Fig. 4, bases of the perianth segments,
X 4; Fig. 5, perianth segment from above ; Fig. 6, perianth segment from
below, x 2; Fig. 7, stamen; Fig. 8, gynaecium ; Fig. 9, leaf.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
564
Plate 564.
NERINE humilis.
Cape Province.
Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.
Nereste, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine humilis, Herb., forma fera. Planta altiusquam forma typica
depicta, folia glauca, floribus in umbella pluribus.
This plant is so like the type-figure (Jacq. Hort. Schroenb. 1.
36, t. 69) of Nerine humilis , Herb, that it seems best regarded
as a form of this species with glaucous leaves, and a much
longer peduncle as well as an umbel with more numerous
flowers than in the typical form.
Nerine humilis is among the six early species known and
grown in Europe before the end of the eighteenth century, and
dates back to 1797, when the type-figure was published. Yet
we are uncertain even now about its precise locality. In the
Flora Capensis a collection of Drege’s is recorded from Table
Mountain, but no subsequent collection confirms this record,
and French Hoek, Caledon, and Tulbagh Kloof are the nearest
localities to Cape Town known for any Nerine in this section.
Nor does it seem probable, judging from what we know at
present of the geographical distribution of the genus, that the
range of any one Nerine would extend from Cape Town to the
Albany Division, and it is possible Zeyher’s collection from the
latter area may prove to be erroneously determined as N.
humilis. Drege’s collection from “ New Kloof, near Tulbagh ”
is distinct from N. humilis, and agrees with a recent one of
Mr. Ross-Frames’ from the same locality, which is figured in
the next plate as N. tulbaghensis. It remains to be seen, when
living material is available from Piquetberg, whether Drege’s
record from this locality can be confirmed. Our plate was
prepared from specimens collected in flower by Professor T.
Barnard and Paymaster Captain Salter in April 1932, the
leaves being produced on the same bulbs two months later.
At Kew our plant was associated with another of the old
species, N. undulata, Herb., but it differs from this species in
its hysteranthous leaves, more erect and stiffer pedicels, its
perianth-segments being less undulate and not nearly so
spreading, and in its longer style.
Description : — Bulb oblong, covered with greyish tunics,
4-5 cm. long, 2’5 cm. diam., produced into a neck 3-5 cm. long.
Leaves 3-5, hysteranthous, suberect or spreading, linear,
obtuse, glaucous green, 16 cm. long, 8 mm. broad. Peduncle
terete, glabrous, bright green, up to 31 cm. long, 3 mm. diam.
Spathe-valves, lanceolate, acute, purplish-red, up to 4 cm. long.
Umbel centrifugal, 6-7-flowered. Pedicels glabrous, up to
4-3 cm. long. Perianth-segments pink with a red central
stripe, only slightly undulate, recurved near the apex, 3-1 cm.
long, 4 mm. broad. Stamens declinate, nearly as long as
the perianth. Ovary obtusely-angled, 3 mm. diam. Style
declinate, longer than the stamens. Stigma minutely 3-lobed.
(Bolus Herbarium, T. M. Salter, No. 2114.) — W. F. Barker.
Plate 564. — Fig. 1, front view of flower; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of
flower ; Fig. 3, perianth-segment with stamen attached.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
.? 6'.?
W.F. Baxker del.
Plate 565.
NERINE TULBAGHENSIS.
Cape Province.
Amaeyllidaceae. Tribe Amakylleae.
Neeine, Herb. ; Benth. et HooJc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine tulbaghensis, Barker, sp. nov.
Bulbus parvus, globosus, 15 mm. longus, 12 mm. diam., in collum brevem
productus. Folia 4-5, synantha, subpatentia, linearia, supra leviter sulcata,
obtusa, sordide viridia, basi rubescentia, 6-9 cm. longa, 2 mm. lata. Pedun-
culus basi rubescens, 10-12 cm. longus, 2 mm. diam. Spatha 2-foliata, foliis
oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis rubro-purpureis 1-5-2 cm. longis. Umbella
2-3-flora. Pedicellus glaber, 1-2-5 cm. longus. Segmenta perianthii pallide
rosea, apice recurva undulataque, 2-2 cm. longa, 3 mm. lata. Stamina
declinata, demum apicem versus sursum versa, basi exappendiculata, peri-
anthiis aequilonga. Ovarium obtuse angulatum, 2 mm. diam. Stylus
declinatus, staminfbus longior.
Tulbagh Div. ; Tulbagb Kloof, June 1932, P. Boss-Frames. (Bolus
Herbarium, No. 20369.)
We are indebted to Mr. P. Ross-Frames for living material
of this dainty little Nerine, found by him near the Bushman
Rocks in the Tulbagh Kloof in June 1932, when the drawing
was made.
It is the second collection on record of this plant. For at
Kew, where our determination of it as a new species was con-
firmed, it was proved to be identical “ with a specimen collected
by Drege at New Kloof (now known as Tulbagh Kloof) near
Tulbagh.” The plant in Drege’s collection was associated with
Nerine humilis, Jacq. as a variety, and in the Flora Capensis
it was included under that species. But the leaves are
synanthous, and they are very narrow. The whole plant, too,
is smaller, including the individual flowers. These differences
are sufficient to warrant its being raised to specific rank.
Description : — Bulb small, globose, 15 mm. long, 12 mm.
diam., produced into a short neck. Leaves 4-5, synanthous,
subpatent, linear, slightly channelled above, obtuse, dark green,
reddening at the base, fi-9 cm. long, 2 mm. broad. Peduncle
reddening at the base, 10-12 cm. long, 2 mm. diam. Spathe-
valves oblong lanceolate, acuminate, reddish-purple, 1 *5-2 cm.
long. Umbel 2-3-flowered. Pedicels glabrous, 1-2*5 cm. long.
Perianth-segments pale pink, recurved and margins towards
the apex undulate, 2*2 cm. long, 3 mm. broad. Stamens
decimate, finally turned up at the apex, base exappendiculate,
equal to the perianth. Ovary obtusely angled, 2 mm. diam.
Style decimate, longer than the stamens. (Bolus Herbarium,
No. 20369.) — W. F. Barker.
Plate 565. — Fig. 1, front view of flower; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of
flower, x 3; Fig. 3, perianth segment with stamen attached, x 3; Fig. 4,
anther and upper portion of filament, x 3 ; Fig. 5, fruit in young stage,
X 3 ; Fig. 6, tip of leaf, x 3.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
W. F. Barker del.
Plate 566.
NERINE Breachiae.
Cape Province.
Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine Breachiae, Barker, sp. nov.
Bulbus parvus, ovoideus, 1-5 cm. diam., superne attenuatus. Folia 2-4,
hysterantha, humistrata, lanceolata, subobtusa, sordide viridia, 5 cm. longa,
8 mm. lata. Pedunculus teres, glaber, 26 cm. longus, 2-5 mm. diam.
Umbella saepe 1-5-flora, rarissime ad 8-flora. Spatha scariosa, rubro-pur-
purea, 2-3 cm. longa. Pedicellus glaber, 2-5-4-5 cm. longus. Segmenta
perianthii rosea, linearia, apice recurva undulataque, 3-4 cm. longa, 4-5 mm.
lata. Stamina declinata, basi exappendiculata, perianthio breviora, 2-5 cm.
longa. Ovarium obtuse angulatum, 2-5 mm. diam. Stylus per anthesin
staminibus conspicue longior. Stigma maturum conspicue 3-lobatum.
Bredasdorp Div. ; Bredasdorp, May 1933, Gladys Breach. (National
Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, No. yA.)
Nerine Breachiae grows profusely in the open veld on the
outskirts of Bredasdorp, flowering in the late autumn. The
leaves begin to show as the flowers wither, and when mature are
pressed to the surface of the ground — a characteristic which
distinguishes this species from all the others in its section, and
which is shared only by the otherwise very different N.
marginata. It is among the lowliest in the genus, its nearest
ally being N. humilis ; but this has longer, glaucous, and almost
erect leaves.
No other locality has yet been recorded for our species, so
that it may be regarded as another instance of restricted geo-
graphical distribution in the genus. Nor do we know of any
other collector except Mrs. Breach, with whom we were
privileged to see it growing in its hundreds among other
interesting plants in an area which well deserves to be treated
as a small reserve within the town.
Description : — Bulb small, oblong-globose, i-5 cm. diam.,
produced into a short neck. Leaves 2-4, hysteranthous,
adpressed to the ground, lanceolate, subobtuse, dark green,
5 cm. long, 8 mm. broad. Peduncle terete, glabrous, 26 cm.
long, 2-5 mm. diam. Spathe-valves membraneous, reddish-
purple, 2-3 cm. long. Umbel often 1-5-flowered, rarely up to
8-flowered. Pedicels glabrous, 2-5-4-5 cm. long. Perianth-
segments rose-pink, linear, apex recurved and undulate, 3 '4 cm.
long, 4-5 mm. broad. Stamens declinate, exappendiculate at
the base, shorter than the perianth, 2*5 cm. long. Ovary
obtusely angled, 2-5 mm. diam. Style conspicuously longer
than the stamens throughout the flowering period Stigma
when mature conspicuously 3-lobed. (Bolus Herbarium,
National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, No. — W. F.
Barker.
Plate 566. — Fig. 1, front view of young flower ; Fig. 2, do. of old flower ;
Fig. 3, longitudinal section of young flower, x 3 ; Fig. 4, do. of old flower ;
Fig. 5, perianth-segments with stamens attached, x 3.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
W. F. B ar Is e r del.
Plate 567.
NERINE Krigei.
Transvaal.
AmaPvYLLidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine Krigei, Barker, 8. A. Gard. vol. xxii. p. 137 (May 1932).
When this species was published in South African Gardening
and Country Life the type-locality was given as Rhodesia, near
the Victoria Falls. This was incorrect, and Mr. J. D. Krige of
Stellenbosch, after whom the species is named, found it at
Standerton, in the Transvaal, growing “ abundantly on the
golf-links,” flowering in February and March, and known as the
“ red Agapanthus.”
Nerine Krigei belongs to the group of northern species
containing N. lucida, N. falcata, and the species which is known
at present as N. flexuosa, Herb. var. Sandersonii, Bak. — all
three already figured in Flowering Plants of South Africa. In
common with these three the leaves of our species are con-
temporaneous with the flowers, the peduncle is compressed
and two-edged, the umbel is many-flowered, the waving of the
perianth-segments is obscure, and the stigma is inconspicuous.
But it differs from them all in having narrower leaves and an
acutely angled and scabrous ovary, agreeing best, however,
with N. falcata in the general shape and size of the flower, and
acuminate perianth-segments.
We are indebted to the University of Stellenbosch for the
plant figured here, which flowered in their Gardens in
February 1933.
Description : — Bulb ovoid, covered with dark brown
papery scales, 4 cm. diam., produced into a neck about 2*5 cm.
long. Leaves 4-5, synanthous, erect, firm in texture, spirally
twisted, narrowing gradually to an obtuse apex, 27 cm. long,
1-2 cm. broad. Peduncle compressed and two-angled, spirally
twisted, 36 cm. long, 5 mm. diam. Scathe-valves 3-5 cm. long.
Umbel 12-flowered, centripetal, up to 17 cm. diam. Pedicels
glabrous, up to 7*5 cm. long. Perianth-segments rose-pink with
a green central keel, slightly undulate, apex recurved, 3*7 cm.
long, 5 mm. broad; tube 3 mm. long. Stamens decimate,
exappendiculate at the base, almost as long as the segments.
Ovary acutely angled, angles compressed and scabrous with
minute papillae, 3 mm. long, 5 mm. diam. Style short at first,
finally as long as the stamens. Stigma minutely 3-lobed.
(Bolus Herbarium ; Stellenbosch University Gardens, No.
3945.) — W. F. Barker.
Plate 567. — Fig. 1, plant, x £ ; Fig. 2, front view of flower ; Fig. 3, side
view of flower ; Fig. 4, perianth-segment with stamen attached ; Fig. 5,
gynaeeium ; Fig. 6, back view of ovary.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
5f>6
Plate 568.
NERINE filifolia var. parviflora.
Cape Province.
Amar yllid aceae . Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine filifolia, Baker in Bot. Mag. t. 6547 ; var. parviflora, Barker,
var. nov., a forma typica floribus minoribus differt.
The type of Nerine filifolia, Baker is a plant sent to Kew by
Mr. Ayres in 1879, and figured in the Botanical Magazine,
t. 6547. The one locality given is Orange Free State. Since
then the only collections we have been able to identify with
N. filifolia are from the neighbourhood of Grahamstown
(variety parviflora), King William’s Town, Bedford, Queens-
town and Maclear.
The chief characteristics of this species are its few filiform or
thread-like leaves contemporary with the flowers, the glandular
pubescence on the peduncle, pedicels, and ovary, the deep
colour of the zygomorphic perianth, whose segments diverge
very gradually from the centre of the flower, and the decimate
stamens falling short of the perianth and without appendages
at their base. All these characters are exemplified in our
variety, which differs in having smaller flowers and a much
later flowering-season, namely August, while that of the typical
form extends from January to June.
The specimen figured is a wild one sent by Miss G. Britten
from Trappes Valley, near Grahamstown, in August 1932.
Our identification has been confirmed at Kew.
Description i- — Bulb small, oblong-globose, about 2 cm.
long, 1*2 cm. diam., produced into a neck about 1*5 cm. long.
Leaves 2-3 synanthous, filiform, up to 18 cm. long. Peduncle
bright green, minutely glandular-pubescent with pluricelled
hairs, 23 cm. long, 2-5 mm. diam. Spathe-valves lanceolate
acute, purplish or yellowish, 2 cm. long. Umbel centripetal,
3-8-flowered. Pedicels minutely glandular-pubescent with
pluricelled hairs, tinged with red-brown, up to 2-5 cm. long,
2 mm. diam. Perianth-segments bright mauve-pink with a
deeper central stripe most pronounced near the base, recurved
and undulate in the upper half, 2*2 cm. long, 4 mm. broad
(those of the typical form 3-2 cm. long). Stamens declinate,
exappendiculate at the base, shorter than the segments, up to
2 cm. long; anthers dark reddish-purple before dehiscing,
2*5 mm. long. Ovary sub-acutely angled, minutely glandular
pubescent, dark reddish-brown. Style at first short and
straight, lengthening and recurved in the old flower, 14 mm.
long. Stigma capitate. (Bolus Herbarium, No. 20368.) —
W. F. Barker.
Plate 568. — Fig. 1, front view of flower; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of
young flower, x 3 ; Fig. 3, do. of old flower ; Fig. 4, perianth-segment with
stamen attached, x 3 ; Fig. 5, fruit.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
569
Plate 569.
NERINE FILAMEXTOSA.
Cape Province.
Amar yllid aceae . Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine filamentosa, Barker, sp. nov.
Bulbus in collum breve productus, tunicis atrate brunneis, 3 cm. diam.
Folia 3-4, synantha, stricta vel leviter flexuosa et spiraliter 2-3-torta, semi-
teretia, supra leviter sulcata, glabra, ad 34 cm. longa, 2 mm. diam. Pedun-
culus teres, pilis pluricellularibus pubescens, ad 30 cm. longus, 3 mm. diam.
Spathae valvae lanceolatae, acutae, purpureo suffusae, pedicellis fere aequi-
longae. Umbella 6-9-flora, floribus laete roseis, centripetens, ad 18 cm. diam. ;
pedicelli minute pubescentes, pilis pluricellularibus glanduliferis, juniores
rubicundi, seniores viridi suffusi, ad 7 cm. longi, 1-25 mm. diam. Segmenta
perianthii linearia, acuta, superne circinate revoluta, dimidiis superiore
marginibus undulatis, inferiore planis, ad 5-5 cm. longa, 3 mm. lata. Stamina
vix declinata, demum ad 5-7 cm. longa. Ovarium acute angulatum, parce
pubescens, pilis pluricellularibus, saturate purpureo brunneum, 3 mm. diam.
Stylus insigniter accrescens, demum staminibus aequilongus.
Albany Div. ; Grahamstown, April 1932. (Bolus Herbarium, No. 20367.)
This plant has been identified at Kew with Nerine filifolia ,
Bak., and there is no doubt the affinity to that species is a
very close one. Both have the same leaf-characters, the
pubescent peduncle and pedicels and the exappendiculate
stamens. But the whole look of the flowers is different. They
are larger and the colour is a much brighter pink, verging on
red. Then the perianth-segments for half their length are
curled back in a circinate manner, leaving the long, almost
straight and scarcely declinate, slender filaments protruding
as conspicuously from the flower as they do in the otherwise
very different section which contains N. sarniensis. It is this
last character as well as the slender form of the filaments which
suggested the name. For they become thread-like by the
time the remarkably long style is fully developed.
Our plate was made from a plant which flowered at the
National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, early in April 1932.
The record of its origin is uncertain ; but plants sent by Miss
Blackbeard from Grahamstown which also flowered at the
National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, but towards the end
of the month, so exactly match our type that we may safely
assume they have the same origin. It should be noted that
the typical N. filifolia also occurs near Grahamstown and that
no subsequent collections have been recorded from the type-
locality nor its immediate neighbourhood.
Description : — Bulb produced into a short neck, tunics,
blackish-brown, 3 cm. diam. Leaves 3^4, synanthous, straight
or slightly flexuous and spirally 2-3-twisted, semiterete,
slightly channelled above, glabrous, up to 34 cm. long, 2 mm.
diam. Peduncle terete, pubescent with short pluricelled
hairs, up to 30 cm. long, 3 mm. diam. Spatke-valves lanceolate,
acute, suffused with purple, nearly as long as the pedicels.
Umbel 6-9-flowered, flowers bright rose, centripetal, up to
18 cm. diam. ; pedicels with minute pluricelled hairs, the
young ones reddish, the older ones suffused with green, up to
7 cm. long, 1-25 mm. diam. Perianth-segments linear, acute,
circinately revolute above, the margin in the upper half
undulate, in the lower half flat, up to 5*5 cm. long, 3 mm.
broad. Stamens scarcely declinate, finally up to 5-7 cm. long.
Ovary acutely angled, with a few pluricelled hairs, dark
purplish-brown, 3 mm. diam. Style lengthening remarkably,
finally as long as the stamens. (Bolus Herbarium, No. 20367.)
— W. F. Barker.
Plate 569. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of young flower; Fig. 2, longi-
tudinal section of old flower ; Fig. 3, perianth-segment ; Fig. 4, old stamen.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
.? 70
W.F. Barker del.
Plate 570.
NERINE Masoniorum.
Transkei.
Amaryllidaceae. Tribe Amarylleae.
Nerine, Herb. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 728.
Nerine Masoniorum, L. Bolus in S. A. Gard, May 1930, vol. xx. p. 148.
The type of this species comes from Mquanduli, in the
Transkei, and was sent to Kirstenbosch in 1920, where it still
flourishes after fourteen years, flowering from early in February
to March. It is one of several interesting plants found by the
late Miss M. H. Mason and her brother, the late Canon Mason,
during their sojourn together in the Native Territories, and
bears their name, as does that of Gladiolus Masoniorum, C. H.
Wright ( Bot . Mag. t. 8548). In England, too, the species
thrives, and hundreds of plants were raised there from seed
collected by Miss Mason’s brother.
The two nearest allies of N. Masoniorum are N. filifolia.
Baker, var. par vi flora, Barker and N. Frithii, L. Bol. It has
the slender synanthous leaves common to both allies, and the
glandular pubescence of N. filifolia. But the small flowers
with the final position of the segments resulting in a perianth
flattened in the centre, the short stamens appendiculate at
base and throughout exceeding the style in length, are all
features shared with N. Frithii, which differs, however, in
being quite glabrous, with more spreading and stiffer pedicels,
perianth-segments definitely widest just above the middle, and
stamen-appendages much larger and incised.
A collection from Encocos in Pondoland (Bolus, No. 10,323)
appears to be N. Masoniorum with the stamen-appendages not
quite so well developed as in the typical form.
The original of the Plate is from the type-material which
flowered at Kirstenbosch in March 1930, when the species was
described.
At Kew it is considered scarcely separable from Nerine
appendiculata, Bak., a Natal species with a much stouter
peduncle, many more and larger flowers in the umbel having
conspicuously appendiculate stamens, and much broader
leaves than in N. Masoniorum.
Description : — Bulb oblong-globose, covered with dark
brown membraneous scales, 1-5 cm. diam., produced into a
short neck. Leaves 4-5, synanthous, suberect, or spreading,
filiform, concave above, convex below, bright green, smooth,
up to 20 cm. long, 1-5 mm. broad. Peduncle terete, minutely
pubescent with pluricelled hairs, up to 22 cm. long, 2-5 mm.
diam. Spathe-valves lanceolate acute, tinged with purplish-
brown, 2*5 cm. long. Umbel 4- 12- flowered. Pedicels
pubescent, 1-2-3 cm. long. Perianth-segments rose-pink with
a darker central stripe, undulate, finally usually all recurved
towards the back of the flower and away from the stamens,
up to 1-3 cm. long, 3 mm. broad. Stamens declinate, with two
small lanceolate appendages attached to the base of each of
the filaments, up to 7 mm. long. Ovary sub-acutely angled,
glabrous, 2-5 mm. diam. Style declinate, shorter than the
stamens even in the old flower. Stigma minutely three-lobed,
capitate. (Bolus Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens,
No. — W. F. Barker.
Plate 570. — Fig. 1, front view of young flower, x 2; Fig. 2, do. side
view ; Fig. 3, front view of flower, X 2 ; Fig. 4, front view of old flower,
X 2 ; Fig. 5, gynaecium and androecium, x 4 ; Fig. 6, androecium laid out,
X 4; Fig. 7, young fruit, x 4; Fig. 8, stigmatic lobes, x 8; Fig. 9, section of
leaf, X 8.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
Whilst we appreciate the acknowledgement of our help at the foot of
Plate 561, we consider it unnecessary for the author to have created four
new species, thus being in conflict with the views of two botanists of
considerable field and herbarium experience, and who have had the
advantage of examining the types of many of the older species to which
the author has not had access.— J. Hutchinson, Kew.
577
z
Plate 571.
ALOE POLYPHYLLA.
Basutoland.
Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.
Aloe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.
Aloe polyphylla Schonland ex Pillans in South African Gardening and
Country Life, vol. xxiv. p. 267.
In the above publication Mr. N. S. Pillans of the Bolus
Herbarium described Aloe polyphylla, a name given many
years ago to this Aloe by Dr. I. Schonland, but which he never
published. Dr. Schonland first gave the name to a plant
collected by Mr. W. Midgley, near Maseru, Basutoland, in
1916, and specimens of this plant are preserved in the
herbarium of the Albany Museum, Grahamstown.
The accompanying plate was prepared from material sent
to us by Mr. G. W. Reynolds, who collected specimens about
31 miles from Maseru. Mr. Reynolds states that plants also
occur at Kabung, about 60 miles north of Quthing, near
Butha-Buthe, and at Makhaleng, all in Basutoland. He has
also sent us some interesting notes about the plant in its
native habitat. Usually plants of Aloe polyphylla occur in
groups of 12 to 24, the groups being a few yards distant from
each other. Occasionally solitary plants are met with. The
plants are found in heavy rather clayey black soil which is
well drained, and on the western aspect of the slopes. In
habit they resemble Aloe striata (see Plate 55), i.e. growing
almost on their sides. The leaves, as will be seen from our
illustration, are arranged in rosettes composed of 75-100
leaves which are always in five rows. The rows are spirally
twisted, sometimes in a “ clockwise,” sometimes in an “ anti-
clockwise ” manner. A fully-grown specimen of Aloe poly-
phylla may weigh from 300 to 400 pounds. The flowering
period is from August to December and plants are in full bloom
during the months of September and October. Flowers are
first produced when the plant is 5-6 years old and the rosette
about 12 inches in diameter. The general altitude at which
the plants grow is about 7800 ft., and in winter they are covered
with snow. The Sesuto name is Lekhala ( = general name for
aloe) or Kharatsa ( = a coil or spiral).
Description : — Plant stemless. Leaves in 5 rows ar-
ranged in a rosette, 15-30 cm. long, 7-5-13 cm. broad, oblong-
lanceolate, drying off for about 2-5 cm. at the tip, flattish
above, convex beneath, keeled beneath on the uppermost
^ with the keel never median ; marginal teeth white and rather
soft, sometimes occurring from the base to apex, sometimes
on upper or lower half only. Inflorescence almost 0-5 m. long,
branched near the base and bearing 4-11 racemes. Racemes
12-15 cm. long. Bracts about 2-7 cm. long. Pedicels erect-
spreading, curved at the apex, 2-3-3 cm. long. Perianth
4 cm. long, divided to the base, with the inner segments
slightly longer than the outer. Filaments flattish, with the
outer longer than the inner. Ovary oblong in outline ; style
filiform; stigma small. Capsule about 3 cm. long, capped
with the remains of the old perianth attached to the apex of
the pedicel. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 16695.)
Plate 571. — Fig. 1, Plant, showing habit; Fig. 2, bract; Fig. 3, flower
in vertical section.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
.5 7 2
C.Letty del.
Plate 572.
LEUCOSPERMUM lineare.
Cape Province.
Proteaceae. Tribe Proteae.
Leucospermum, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 170.
Leucospermum lineare, R. Br. in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 96 ; FI. Cap. vol. v.
sect. 1, p. 622.
In previous volumes (see Plates 74, 95, 311) we figured
species of this interesting Cape genus, and it may be seen
from a comparison of these plates with the present plate
that Leucospermum lineare differs in having narrow linear
leaves. The species is among the most handsome in the
genus and in the veld makes a fine display of colour when in
full bloom. In the neighbourhood of Worcester, Paarl, and
Fransch Hoek of the Cape Province various collectors have
recorded the species. It was known to botanical science
before the year 1800, and a figure was given by Carl Thunberg
in one of his publications in 1781.
We are indebted to Mrs. J. C. Letty for the living speci-
mens which she sent us in 1931 from Fransch Hoek.
Description : — A low-growing subdecumbent or erect
shrub. Branches glabrous. Leaves dark green, 7-10 cm.
long, 0-5 cm. broad, linear, narrowing slightly towards the base,
glabrous. Flower head 8 cm. long, 8 cm. broad on a peduncle
2*5 cm. long. Bracts on peduncle 5 mm. long, ovate, tomentose.
Bracts surrounding head 2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, ovate,
subacuminate, densely pilose. Receptacle cylindric, about
2-5 cm. long. Floral-bracts 4-6 mm. long, elhptic to obovate,
tomentose, ciliate. Perianth-tube 6-8 mm. long ; sheath
about 2 cm. long, softly pilose; limb 3 mm. long. Ovary
minutely pubescent; style 4-5 cm. long, glabrous; stigma
conical from a broad base. (National Herbarium, Pretoria,
No. 10855.)
Plate 572. — Fig. 1, a single flower; Fig. 2, limb of perianth showing
sessile anthers ; Fig. 3, bract (back view) ; Fig. 4, bract (front view) ; Fig. 5,
bract from peduncle.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
5 73
Plate 573.
KIGELIA PINNATA.
Transvaal.
Bignoniaceae. Tribe Crescentieae.
Kigelia DC. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1053.
Kigelia pinnata ( Jacq .) DC. Prodr. ix. p. 247 ; FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 2.
p. 454.
The family Bignoniaceae, which contains almost 700 species,
is represented in South Africa by six genera and only nine
species. The plant we figure is the well-known “ sausage tree ”
of the northern Transvaal ; the name being given to the tree
on account of the large cylindric fruits which hang from the
branches like sausages. In the Game Reserve the species is
known by a native name meaning “ sheep’s tail,” and in East
Africa by a name meaning “ the father of packs.” Both of
these names refer to the fruit, the former owing to some
resemblance of the fruit to a sheep’s tail, the latter to a
fanciful resemblance to a soldier’s pack.
The only other member of the family we have figured is
Rhigozwn hrevispinosum (Plate 381), which differs from
Kigelia pinnata in having a 2-chambered ovary and winged
seeds.
We are indebted to Mrs. J. Steven son-Hamilton for the
specimen, which she collected on the banks of the Sabi river,
near Skukuza in the Sabi Game Reserve. The tree is fairly
common in the reserve along river banks, though mature
fruits are comparatively rare owing to an insect which destroys
them.
Description : — A tree about 10 m. high, massive, branch-
ing about 1-2 m. from the base, and with the trunk 1-1-3 m.
in diam. Branches stout, spreading, bearing leaves on the
terminal new growths. Leaves whorled, 16-20 cm. long,
impari-pinnate, with usually 3 pairs of leaflets ; lateral
leaflets opposite, sub-sessile, 4-8-7 cm. long, usually oblong.
with a short apiculus, with scattered obscure teeth on the
margin, glabrous; terminal leaflet distinctly petioled, 8-11-5
cm. long, 3-2-5-2 cm. broad. Inflorescence a pendulous
raceme up to 1 m. long, about 10-flowered. Pedicels about
6-5 cm. long, horizontal-spreading and then bent upwards,
usually 1-, sometimes 2-flowered. Calyx pale green, leathery,
5-lobed; tube 1*5-1 *8 cm. long, up to 1*5 cm. in diam.,
campanulate, glabrous ; lobes 06-1 -2 cm. long, ovate, with the
lowest bent downwards. Corolla 7-7-5 cm. long, 7-5-9 cm.
across, 2-lipped, with the upper lip 2-lobed and the lower
lip 3-lobed, deep orange-maroon within, lighter on the out-
side with greenish-yellow veins, yellow at base of tube ;
tube 3-4 cm. long, 1-3 cm. in diam. at the base, widening
into a hood-shaped tube upwards ; lobes unequal, crumpled ;
lobes of upper lip 1-5 cm. long, 1-8 cm. broad; lateral lobes
of lower lip 2-5 cm. long, 3-2 cm. broad ; median lobe of lower
lip 4-5-5 cm. long, 3-2 cm. broad. Stamens 4, with 1, sometimes
2 undeveloped, inserted in the throat of the corolla and
arching under the upper lip; filaments densely hairy at the
base. Disc annular, 5-lobed. Ovary 1-chambered; ovules
numerous with parietal placentation ; style spathulate and
bilobed at the apex. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No.
16696.)
Plate 573. — Fig. 1 , longitudinal section of flower ; Fig. 2, a single stamen.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
5 74
C. Letty del.
Plate 574.
SCHOTIA TRANSVAALENSIS.
Transvaal.
Legumtnosae. Tribe Amherstieae.
Schotia, Jacq Benth. et Hoolc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 581.
Schotia transvaalensis Rolfe in Kew Bull. 1906. p. 248.
The genus Schotia is confined to the African continent,
where it is represented by seven species, five of which occur
in South Africa and extend from the northern Transvaal,
through Natal and the eastern districts as far south as Rivers -
dale. The species are shrubs or small or large trees which
bear large red or crimson flowers which make the plants very
conspicuous in the veld when they are in full bloom. All the
species of the genus are known under the general name of
“ boerboontjies ” though for the individual species, usually
individual names are used, e.g. our species is known as the
“ transvaalse boerboon.” The seed and young pods of some
species are edible and the bark of some is used by the natives
to make a decoction as a remedy for heartburn.
The plant from which our plate was prepared is about 30 ft.
high. It has not a single, but several trunks arising from
the ground. The species seldom grows as a solitary plant,
and is usually found supported by other trees. We are in-
debted to Mrs. J. Stevenson-Hamilton for specimens which
she collected near Skukuza, in the Sabi Game Reserve, in
October 1934.
Description : — Small tree up to 30 ft. high. Branchlets
glabrous. Leaves 6-10 cm. long, paripinnate, with 5-6 pairs
of leaflets; rhachis very narrowly winged, especially between
the two uppermost pairs of leaflets ; leaflets opposite, 2-3 cm.
long, 0-7-T2 cm. broad, elliptic, elliptic-oblong, sometimes
elliptic-obovate, distinctly apiculate, glabrous ; stipules about
5 mm. long, obliquely acuminate from a broad base. In-
florescence dense, 3-5-4 cm. long, almost as broad, made up
of a number of flowers closely arranged on abbreviated
branches of the central axis; central axis and branches
minutely pubescent. Bracts less than 1 mm. long. Floivers
bright carmine, subsessile. Calyx-tube leathery, 6-5 mm. long,
sub-campanulate, glabrous; lobes leathery, 9 mm. long,
4-5 mm. broad, oblong, deeply concave, glabrous. Petals
1-4 cm. long, distinctly clawed, obovate-elliptic, distinctly
veined, glabrous. Filaments shortly connate at base, 1-2 cm.
long, semi-terete, usually curved at the apex, glabrous ; anthers
versatile, 3-5 mm. long, elliptic. Ovary stalked, keeled, 4-5
mm. long, 9-10-ovuled, glabrous; stalk 9 mm. long, 1 mm.
thick, adnate to one side of the calyx-tube; style 1-2 cm.
long, 0-75 mm. thick, terete, curved at the apex; stigma
capitate. Fruit 4-5 cm. long, 2-3-3 cm. broad, stalked with
the stalk arising from the persistent calyx base, winged on
both margins with one wing 5 mm. broad and more than
twice as broad as the other wing, when mature the pod splits
leaving the two wings persistent. Seed with a large pale
yellow aril, 1-6 cm. long, 1-1 cm. broad, more or less oblong-
obovate in outline. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No.
19568.)
Plate 574. — Fig. 1, calyx; Fig. 2, stipule; Fig. 3, petal; Fig. 4, pistil;
Fig. 5, stamen; Fig. 6, vertical section of pistil and calyx; Fig. 7, seed;
Fig. 8, old fruit.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
575
Plate 575.
CAMPTORRHIZA Schlechteri.
Transvaal.
Liliaceae. Tribe Angutllarieae.
Camptorrhiza Phillips, gen. nov., affinis Iphigeniae Kunth sed stylo simplice
differt.
Phizoma tuberosum. Planta ad 23 cm. alta. Folia 3^£, linearia.
Flores ad apicem scapi pauci, ad axillas bractearum solitarii. Perianthium
persistens ; segmenta distincta, oblonga, concava, patentia. Stamnia 6 ;
filamenta basi discoidea ; antherae oblongae, versatiles, loculis a latere
dehiscentibus. Ovarium sessile, 3-sulcum, 3-loculare; stylus simplex;
ovula iu loculis numerosa.
Camptorrhiza Schlechteri ( Engler ) Phillips, comb. nov. Iphigenia
Schlechteri Engler Bot. Jahrb. vol. xxxii. p. 89.
Transvaal : Pretoria distr. ; Pretoria, Legat in Govt. Herb. 8597 ; north
slopes of Magaliesberg, a few miles west of the Wonderboom, Smith 6316.
Portuguese East Africa : Lourenco Marques, Schlechter 11525 ; Borle
135.
The plant we have figured was described in 1903 by the
late Dr. A. Engler as Iphigenia Schlechteri, though in his
description he does not mention some of its peculiar features.
We recently had the opportunity of examining fresh speci-
mens of Engler’s species and have come to the conclusion
that he incorrectly placed it in the genus Iphigenia
Kunth. From this genus our specimens differ in some
important respects : — 1, The perianth-segments are persistent ;
2, the anthers dehisce laterally ; 3, the style is simple and not
divided above.
The tubers are very striking, but we do not know whether
the shape is peculiar to this species.
We are indebted to Mr. C. A. Smith, B.Sc., who collected
the specimens in loose sandy soil on abandoned cultivated
land on the farm “ Grafheim ” (originally part of “ Witfon-
tien ”). This lies at the foot of the north slope of the Magalies-
berg a few miles west of the Wonderboom, near Pretoria.
The generic name refers to the peculiar bent root-stock.
Description : — Tuber horizontal, up to 1 cm. in diam.,
peculiarly bent at an acute angle resembling a bent arm,
attached to a swollen heart-shaped structure at the base of
the stem. Plant up to 23 cm. high. Stem simple, somewhat
fiexuous in the upper portion. Leaves ascending, with the
free portion of the lower leaves 9-11 cm. long, up to 5 mm.
broad, diminishing in size upwards, folded inwards forming
a deep channel on the upper surface, stem-clasping at the base,
linear, acute, glabrous; basal leaf hardly produced. Flowers
pedicelled, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, 3-5 mm.
long, 4 mm. diam., globose in bud. Pedicel 1-3 cm. long,
glabrous. Perianth-segments greenish, persistent, 3-5 mm.
long, 1-25 mm. broad, oblong, minutely notched at the apex,
with the margins inflexed, deeply concave within, glabrous.
Stamens as long as the perianth-segments; upper part of
filament 1 mm. long, expanded into a dark fleshy umbrella-
shaped body below and ending in a thickened portion ; anthers
lying in the concavities of the perianth-segments, 2 mm.
long, oblong, versatile, with lateral dehiscence. Ovary 1-5
mm. long, 1-5 mm. in diam., sub-globose, 3-chambered, with
several ovules in each chamber; style simple, 1-5 mm. long,
3-furrowed ; stigma simple.
Plate 575. — Fig. 1, base of stem, showing heart-shaped portion and
typically bent tuber ; Fig. 2, perianth -segment ; Figs. 3, 4, 5, stamens seen
from various angles ; Fig. 6, pistil.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
576
C. Let ty del.
Plate 576.
ANACAMPSEROS subnuda.
Transvaal, Orange Free State.
P ORTtJXAC ACE AE .
Anacampseros, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 157.
Anacampseros subnuda, von Poellnitz in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. lxv.
p. 429 (1933).
In the Flora of the Transvaal and Swaziland on p. 165,
Dr. J. Burtt Davy refers the species of Anacampseros occurring
round Pretoria to A. filamentosa Sims, but qualifies this by
stating that “ Comparative study of living material of both
may show the Montagu plant to be a different species from
ours.” We have long suspected the Pretoria species to be
different from A. filamentosa and A. lanigera and a description
was drawn up some time ago. Since then Dr. Karl von
Poellnitz, of Altenburg, Germany, who examined our speci-
mens of Anacampseros, also came to the conclusion that the
species was undescribed, and described it under the above name.
All the plants collected around Pretoria have been found
on stony koppies growing between stones. The specimen
from which our plate was prepared was collected by Mr.
A. O. D. Mogg, M.A., on the Magaliesberg, near the Klein
Wonderboom. The plants collected by Miss I. C. Verdoorn
( Verdoorn , No. 94) at Water kloof, Pretoria, are the same as
the specimen figured. It is easily grown and is a free-flowerer,
the flowers opening in the warmth of the sun.
Description : — A succulent plant up to 12 to 14 cm. high.
Stems decumbent, T5-2 cm. long, 0-5-1 cm. in diameter, with
many rows of small thick leaves. Leaves ovate-cuneate,
surrounded by whitish-grey curled hairs which are much
longer than the leaves. Inflorescence a 2-6-flowered racemose
cyme, 8 cm. long. Calyx 2-lobed, olive-green ; each lobe
9 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, lanceolate, acute, mucronate,
glabrous. Corolla 5-lobed, rose-pink ; lobes 1 cm. long, 0-5 cm.
broad, ovate, acute. Stamens many, up to 20, inserted with
the petals at the bottom of the calyx and adhering to the petals.
Ovary conical, obscurely 3-lobed, 1 -chambered, with many
ovules; style filiform, trifid at the apex. (National Herb-
arium, Pretoria, No. 14611.)
Plate 576. — Fig. 1, front view of leaf ; Fig. 2, back view of leaf ; Fig. 3,
side view of leaf ; Fig. 4, cross-sections through leaf at points a, b, c ; Fig. 5,
calyx; Fig. 6, bract; Fig. 7, stamens; Fig. 8, pistil.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S 7 7
C. Letty del.
Plate 577.
SYZYGIUM GUINEENSE.
Transvaal.
Myrtaceae. Tribe Myrteae.
Syzygium, Gaertn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. i. p. 719.
Syzygium guineense, DC. Prodr. vol. iii. p. 259.
The specimen from which our plate was prepared was
collected by Mrs. H. Stevenson-Hamilton on the banks of
the Sabi River, near Skukuza, in the Kruger National Park.
When we first examined the plant we were inclined to regard
it as an undescribed species near S. guineense DC., and drew
up a description which was submitted to Kew with the
specimen. Kew reports that “ the species has a wide geo-
graphical distribution and this may possibly account for its
variability. The specimen submitted (National Herbarium,
No. 19567) is somewhat variable as regards leaf-shape, but
the same variations are to be found in specimens in the Kew
Herbarium from different parts of Africa. The flowers
match Junod 699 exactly.” Burtt Davy in his Manual
of Flowering Plants and Ferns of the Transvaal and Swaziland,
p. 241, quotes S. owariense Benth. as a synonym. In its
native habitat the trees grow in clusters and are fairly common
in clumps high up on the river banks. The local natives
distinguish between this species and S. cordatum Hochst.,
which grows at the edges of the river.
Description : — Tree 6-7 m. high. Branches and branch-
lets glabrous. Leaves opposite, shortly petioled, 5-5-9 cm.
long, 2-7-4-2 cm. broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, rarely
obovate, not conspicuously narrowed at the apex, obtuse,
entire, minutely punctate beneath; petiole 5-6 mm. long.
Inflorescence terminal, a panicle of cymes up to 8 cm. long;
cymes 2-3-flowered. Calyx 7-8 mm. long, 4-5-5 mm. diam.
above, campanulate and narrowing into a short petiole which
is articulated with the rhachis; lobes 1 mm. long, ovate,
obtuse. Petals 3 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, broadly elliptic,
deeply concave, obtuse, early falling off as an operculum.
Filaments 8 mm. long, filiform, glabrous; anthers 0-5 mm.
long. Ovary sunk in the calyx-tube, 2-chambered, with a
few ovules with axile placentation in each chamber; style
9-5 mm. long; stigma simple. Fruit 1*5 cm. long, 1*3 cm.
in diam., almost spherical. Seeds angled, sometimes almost
plano-convex. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 19567.)
Plate 577. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of flower (petals have dropped
off) ; Fig. 2, a seed.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
5 78
C. Letty del
Plate 578.
ALOE Cooperi.
Cape Province, Natal, Transvaal.
Leliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.
Ax.oe, Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.
Aloe Cooperi, Baker, in Gard. Chron. 1874, i. 628; FI. Cap. vol vi. p. 305.
The species of Aloe we figure and describe here was first
found by the South African explorer Burchell, over one hundred
and twenty years ago. It was not described and named
until about sixty years after its first discovery, and the
description was drawn up from plants taken to England by
Mr. Thomas Cooper and which he collected in Natal. In the
Botanical Magazine for 1878 (Plate 6377) a coloured illustration
appeared which was prepared from a plant which flowered
in cultivation in England. Berger in his account of the genus
in Das Pflanzenreich placed the species with several others
in a section Leptaloe, but Stapf later ( Botanical Magazine,
Plate 9300) separated out some of the species and created
a new genus Leptaloe for them. Our specimen differs from
the illustration given in the Botanical Magazine in having
broader leaves and a somewhat different inflorescence. The
flowers mature from the base of the inflorescence upwards
and do not all mature at the same time. Our specimen was
collected in Swaziland, between Bremersdorp and Stegi, by
Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., and flowered at the Division of
Plant Industry, Pretoria, in February 1935.
Description : — An acaulescent plant, suckering from
the base. Leaves distichous, about 14 to a plant ; outer leaves
up to 50 cm. long, 3 cm. broad at the base, tapering upwards,
concave on the inner face, spotted with white near the base,
with minute recurved white spines on the margins of the lower
part of the leaf, more rarely with spines § way up, glabrous ;
inner leaves similar but smaller. Inflorescences two, unbranched.
Peduncle up to 50 cm. long, 8 mm. in diam., semi-terete,
bracteate on the uppermost f. Bracts 1-5 cm. long, 1 cm.
broad, clasping the peduncle, ovate, acuminate. Raceme
14 cm. long. Flowers maturing from the base of the raceme
upwards. Bracts erect, 3 cm. long, 1*5 cm. broad, ovate,
acuminate. Pedicels up to 4 cm. long in basal flowers, 2 mm.
diam., terete. Perianth 3-5 cm. long, with the 3 outer seg-
ments slightly shorter than the 3 inner, narrowing upwards
from a slightly inflated base; segments free almost to the
base ; the outer 8 mm. broad, linear-oblong, obtuse ; the inner
slightly narrower. Stamens in mature flowers as long as
the perianth-segments ; filaments terete ; anthers linear.
Ovary 7 mm. long, oblong in outline; style as long as the
stamens; stigma simple. (National Herbarium, Pretoria.)
PiiATE 578. — Fig. 1, a single flower; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of a
flower.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
579
W.F. Barker deL
Plate 579.
OXALIS HELICOIDES.
Namaqualand.
Geeantaceae. Tribe Oxalideae.
Oxalis, L. ; Benth. et Hoolc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. 1. p. 276.
Oxalis helicoid.es, Salter, sp. nov.
Bulbus ovatus, apice attenuatus ; tunieae ovato-laneeolatae vel lanceo-
latae. Caulis tortuosus, fere heliciformis, ad 12 cm. longus, interdum 2-3-
ramosus, superne glaber, basin versus cano-puberulus, squamis paucis ovatis
cano-puberulis instructus. Folia 4-9, apice caulis aggregata; foliola 3,
sessilia, 0-7-1-2 cm. longa, 1-1-5 mm. lata, linearia, supra glabra, subtus
adpresse cano-puberula, juniora dense cano-sericea. Petiolus 1-1-8 cm.
longus, adpresse cano-puberulus. Pedunculi 1-4, apice caulis aggregati,
6-10 mm. longi, supra medium bibracteati. Sepala 2-3 mm. longa, ovato-
longa, lanceolata vel lanceolata, ciliata, cano-pubescentia, Coralla 1-2-1 -5 cm.
longa ; tubus anguste infundibuliformis ; segmenta 4-5 mm. lata, apice
conspicue obliqua, basin versus cuneata. Filamenta 2-3-5 mm., 3-5-6-5
mm. longa, glabra, interiora edentata. Ovarium 1-5 mm. longum, superne
pubescens ; ovula 1-2 ; stylus infeme pubescens, superne glanduloso-
pubescens. Capsula 6 mm. longa, loculis 1-2 ovulatis.
Var. (3, alba, var. nov. Corolla alba, tubo pallidiore. Petala callis parvis
aurantiacis marginem anteriorem versus notata. Foliola 1-1-5 cm. longa.
Namaqualand : About Springbok and Kamieskroon, June, Salter 851
(type), 1405a, 1410b, 4603; var. [3. Salter 857 (type).
The best collection of the genus Oxalis ever made in South
Africa is that of Paymaster Capt. T. M. Salter, R.N. His
collections have yielded many novelties, especially from
Namaqualand. Oxalis helicoides is allied to O. gracilis Jacq.,
but is easily distinguished by its deep ruby-coloured flowers
and the peculiar wiry spirally twisted stem. This character
of the stem remains constant in cultivation, and has suggested
the specific name. In the wild state the petals are of an even
darker shade and narrower than those showing in the plate.
The species is by no means uncommon, and occurs in dry
open ground in several localities — Kamieskroon and Spring-
bok in Namaqualand. The white-flowered form, var. alba ,
was found in one locality only, where it was moderately
plentiful. The two forms were not found growing together.
The illustration was made from Salter No. 1405a, which
flowered at the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch,
in April 1932.
Description : — Bulb ovoid, attenuate at the apex, with
ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate or ligulate, apiculate, dark brown
scales which are reddish-brown along the margins. Stem
7-12 cm. high, spirally twisted, sometimes 2-3-branched, with
a few ovate, cuspidate, amplexicaul, cano-puberulous scales,
glabrous above, cano-puberulous towards the base. Leaves
4-9, crowded at the apex of the stem ; petioles 1-T8 cm. long,
filiform, articulated near the base, adpressed cano-puberulous ;
leaflets 3, sessile, 0-7-1 -2 cm. long, 1-1*5 mm. broad, linear,
often subfalcate, minutely emarginate, marked with small
black dots, glabrous above, cano-pubescent beneath; the
younger densely silky. Peduncles 1-4, crowded at the
apex of the stem or rarely axillary in the lower scales, 6-10
mm. long, with 2 linear pubescent bracts 1-T5 mm. long
above the middle, adpressed cano-pubescent. Sepals 2-3
mm. long, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, cano-pubes-
cent. Corolla 1*2-1 *5 cm. long ; tube narrowly funnel-shaped ;
segments 4-5 mm. broad, cuneate at the base, conspicuously
oblique, subacute and obliquely truncate at the apex, cano-
pubescent along the outer margin. Filaments glabrous,
the inner without teeth. Ovary T5 mm. long, oblong in outline,
pubescent on the upper half ; styles pubescent below, glandular
above. Capsule 6 mm. long, globose ; loculi 1-2-seeded.
Var. fi alba. Corolla white with a paler yellow; petals
marked with small orange calli near the anterior margin.
Leaflets 1-1*5 cm. long. (T. M. Salter.)
Plate 579. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of flower; Fig. 2, bud; Fig. 3,
calyx ; Fig. 4, stamens and styles ; Fig. 5, stamens and styles ; Fig. 6, stamens
and styles; Fig. 7, pistil; Fig. 8, pistil; Fig. 9, pistil; Fig. 10, part of
stamen showing anther; Fig. 11, leaf; Fig. 12, leaflet.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
58 0
X. A.LansdeH del.
Plate 580.
PSEUDOGALTONIA clavata.
Namaqualand, S.W. Africa.
Liliaceae. Tribe Scilleae.
Pseudogaltonia Kuntz in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berl. iv. (1886) 274 ; Benth. et
Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 809 (under Galtonia).
Pseudogaltonia clavata, ( Masters ex Baker) Phillips, comb. nov.
This plant was first placed in the genus Galtonia Dene by-
Masters in 1884, but as he only mentions the species flowering
at Kew and gives no adequate description or diagnosis the
combination G. clavata Mast, was a nomen subnudum. Baker
in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6885) described the plant under
the same name, and this appeared in July 1886. In the same
year mention is made of the plant in the Gardeners’ Chronicle,
which refers to the plate in the Botanical Magazine. Kuntze
in 1886 also described the plant, but suggested that it should
be removed from the genus Galtonia and proposed the name
Pseudogaltonia Pechuelii; this description was published in
September, 1886. Subsequently Durrant and Lubbers (1889)
described the plant as Lindneria fibrillosa. We agree with
Kuntze that the species was wrongly placed in the genus
Galtonia, but as Baker’s specific epithet clavata has priority,
a new combination becomes necessary. We are indebted to
the Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for the above
information.
Pseudogaltonia clavata lends itself to easy cultivation and
has been grown at the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria,
for several years. The plant from which the accompanying
plate was prepared flowered in the garden in 1922, but we
have no record of the collector or locality from which it
originally came.
Description : — Bulb 22 cm. long, about 17 cm. in diam.,
with the scales breaking up into long coarse fibres. Leaves
about 9 to a bulb, erect, 30 cm. or more long, 9 cm. broad
below, ovate-lanceolate, acute, many-nerved, glabrous.
Peduncle about 24 cm. long, 7 mm. in diam., terete, glabrous.
Inflorescence a raceme. Bracts 1-2 cm. long, linear, acuminate,
acute. Pedicels 2-2-2* 7 cm. long, terete, glabrous, articulated
at the apex. Flower-buds 1-7-2-5 cm. long, straight, club-
shaped, obtuse. Adult flowers slightly curved, up to 3-5 cm.
long; perianth-tube 1-9 cm. long, 5 mm. diam., slightly
swollen at the base; lobes 1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad, oblong,
obtuse, white banded with green, 5-nerved. Stamens in-
serted at the throat of the perianth-tube ; filaments flat,
7 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad at the base, narrowing towards
the apex; anthers 3 mm. long, oblong. Ovary 1-1 cm. long,
bluntly 3-angled, glabrous ; style 2-3 cm. long, terete, glabrous ;
stigma simple, with a few glandular hairs. (National Herb-
arium, Pretoria, No. 19682.)
Plate 580. — Fig. 1, plant reduced ; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of flower ;
Fig. 3, perianth opened to show insertion of stamens; Fig. 4, pistil with
ovary cut through.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
C. Let ty del.
Plate 581.
DISA CRASSICORNIS.
Cape Province , Natal.
Orchid ace ae. Tribe Ophrydeae.
Disa Berg. (excl. Penthea Lindl.) ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 630.
Disa crassicornis , Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 348; FI. Cap.
vol. v. sect. 3, p. 235.
Our Plate represents one of the most beautiful species of
Disa found in South Africa, where it is not uncommon and has
a wide distribution range. We have records of the species
from the Knysna, Uitenhage, Bedford, Fort Beaufort,
Stockenstroom, King Williamstown, Komgha, Somerset East,
and Aliwal North districts. It is also spread through the
Transkei, Griqualand East, and Natal. In the past there
has been considerable confusion as to the specific identity of
some of these large-flowered species of Disa, and a note on
this will be found in the Gardeners' Chronicle for 1886, p. 43
and p. 499. The species was known in cultivation in England
over fifty years ago and was figured in the Botanical Magazine
(t. 6529) in the year 1880. Our plant differs from the figure
given in the Botanical Magazine in the spur being somewhat
clavate at the end. We must thank Mr. A. P. Ledeboer of
“ Aroma,” Greytown, Natal, for the specimen we figure.
Mr. Ledeboer informs us that the plant is rare in his area.
Description : — A herbaceous plant up to 50 cm. tall.
Tvhers 3*5 cm. long, 2-5 cm. in diam. Leaves about 7, with
the 3 outermost reduced to reddish brown sheaths ^ in.
long; inner leaves up to 38 cm. long, up to 4 cm. broad,
folded on the midrib, mottled with purple on the basal sheath-
ing portion. Inflorescence a raceme up to 27 cm. long.
Bracts 5-6 cm. long, 2*2 cm. broad, elliptic-ovate, long-acumin-
ate. Flowers 3-5 cm. long. Dorsal sepal 3-5 cm. long, galeate,
with a cylindric spur 2-6 cm. long and somewhat clavate at the
base ; lateral sepals 2-3 cm. long, 1-4 cm. broad, ovate, obtuse,
with a slight projection from the back just below the apex.
Lateral petals 1-9 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad at the middle, ovate,
obtuse; lip 2 cm. long, 1*2 cm. broad, slightly narrowed at
the base. Anther 8 mm. long, 4 mm. broad, reflexed. Bostel-
lum strongly keeled on side nearer the anther, 3-lobed.
Stigma cushion-like. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No.
15868.)
Plate 581. — Fig. 1, dorsal sepal with spur; Fig. 2, a lateral sepal;
Fig. 3, a lateral petal ; Fig. 4, lip ; Fig. 5, column ; Fig. 6, twisted ovary
showing anther, rostellum, and stigma above; Fig. 7, a bract.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S82
A.M.TugweJl del.
Plate 582.
SATYRIUM NEGLECTUM.
■ MARY GUNN LIBRARY
SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL 5i0fjiVF.RSiTY IN.
PRIVATE BAG XI Cl
SP' PRETORIA 00C1
REPUBLIC Of SOUTH. AFRICA
Cape Province, Orange River Colony, Transvaal, Natal.
Orchxdaceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.
Satyritjm, Swartz in Vetensk. Acad. Handl., vol. xxi. p. 214 (1800) ;
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 629.
Satyrium neglectum, Schlechter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xx. Beibl. 50, p. 39.
This species is interesting in several respects, notwith-
standing the small flowers that are scarcely large enough to be
placed among the medium-sized in the genus, and yet by
reason of their delicious scent and carmine colour are decidedly
attractive. Another feature is concerned with the develop-
ment of the basal leaves. These are produced from a separate
bud at the side of the flowering-stem, the general rule in
Satyrium being that they are borne at the base of the flowering-
stem and on the same axis — the first sign of the plant’s life
above ground — and mature before the first flower-bud opens.
Here, however, they appear to be strictly contemporaneous
with the inflorescence. But if they are forming the tuber
from which the next year’s flowering-shoot will be produced
(a point to be verified by observations on living plants), they
must be regarded as normal in so far as they are actually at
the base of the flowering-stem, and unusual only as dying off
long before the flowers appear, in which case they might be
described as proteranthous leaves. The other species in which
this habit is also recorded are S. aphyllum, Schltr., S. longi-
cauda, Lindl., and S. Woodii, Schltr., and of these the last two
have already been figured. ( Ic . Orchid, vol. i. t. 70; vol. ii.
t. 48.)
The plant illustrated was collected near Somerset East
in March 1915, and was sent to us by Dr. Marloth; but the
collector’s name was unfortunately not registered at the time.
Further material, however, was sent to Kirstenbosch from the
same locality in March 1932 by Mrs. Harries of Somerset
East, which exactly matched the plant previously drawn.
This station, it should be noted, is both further south and west
of any hitherto recorded in the Flora Capensis. The earliest
collection from this locality is that of P. MacOwan (No.
1527?).
Description : — Plant 34-75 cm. high. Leaves spreading,
oblong-ovate, 8-9 cm. long, 4-5 cm. broad, or larger with age,
produced from a separate lateral bud; cauline sheathing
leaves 6-7, acute or acuminate, polished on the upper surface,
6-5-3-5 cm. long, the closed sheath very short or none, one
margin well overlapping the other. Spike 10-13 cm. long,
up to 2 cm. in diam. Bracts herbaceous, soon deflexed from
a little above the base, linear-lanceolate or oblong-ovate,
long-acuminate, 2‘5-l cm. long, exceeding the flowers.
Perianth- segments shortly united at base. Side-sepals widely
spreading, oblong, obtuse, 7-8 mm. long, 2'5 mm. broad ;
odd sepal decurved, 2 mm. broad. Petal* porrect-decurved,
obtuse. Labellum galeate, the mouth suborbicular, the free
apex erect; spurs very slender, up to 2-5 cm. long. Middle
lobe of rostellum produced beyond the suborbicular glands,
slightly constricted below the middle, apex rounded. Stig-
matic lobe slightly inclined forwards, subquadrate, 1*5 mm.
long, nearly 2 mm. broad at the apex. Ovary 7 mm. long.
L. Bolus. (National Botanic Gardens, No.
Plate 582. — Fig. 1, flower, front view, x 2 ; Fig. 2, do., side view — x 3 ;
Fig. 3, side sepals ; Fig. 4, odd sepal and petals : Fig. 5, lip — X 2 ; Fig. 6,
column, front view; Fig. 7, do., 6ide view; Fig. 8, pollinium — enlarged.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S S3
A.M. T unwell del.
Plate 583.
EULOPHIA Dregeana.
Cape Province.
Orchidaceae. Tribe Vandeae.
Eulophia, R. Br. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 686 (1823) ;
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 535.
Eulophia Dregeana, Bindley in Comp. Bot. Mag. vol. ii. p. 202.
The plant from which the drawings were made was found
in November 1915 by Mr. A. G. McLoughlin near Umtata, a
locality which is near the station in Pondoland (between
Omsamwubu and Omsamcaba), quoted for one of the types
of this species, namely, Drege 4573&. Unfortunately we have
not been able to compare Mr. McLoughlin’s collection with
Dr&ge’s plants, and this renders our identification somewhat
unsatisfactory. Comparing our material, however, with
Rolfe’s description in the Flora Capensis and with Lindley’s
sketch of the lip of one of Drege’ s plants, we find the side-
lobes in our plant a little smaller, and the sheaths on the scape
not imbricate. On the other hand, in so far as the crests on
the middle lobe extend nearly to its apex, our plant agrees
with one of the essential characters of E. Dregeana. Another
point of agreement lies in the “ short raceme.” It should be
noted that the plant figured under Plate II in the Annals of
the Bolus Herbarium, vol. iv, is erroneously identified with
E. Dregeana, as was pointed out at Kew, where E. Haygarthii,
Rolfe was suggested for the species.
Description : — Plant up to 33 cm. high, the thickened
portions of the rhizome up to 4-5 cm. diam. Leaves 7, the
lowest sheath-like, the rest ascending or recurving, condupli-
cate, acute, inconspicuously veined, 9-13 cm. long, up to 1*6
cm. broad. Scape up to 5 mm. diam. ; sheaths 4-5, usually
shorter than the internodes, 6-3 cm. long, the upper ones
with their margins free right down to the base. Raceme
with the upper flowers still in bud about 7 cm. long. Bracts
all brown and membranous, acute or acuminate, 2-1 cm.
long. Pedicels in old flowers 1 cm. long. Sepals spreading
or recurved, linear, acute, 2-6 cm. long, 7 mm. broad. Petals
spreading, obovate-oblong, 3 cm. long, up to 1-6 cm. broad.
Lip superior, with the obtuse spur 4-6 mm. long, 2-6 cm.
broad, side lobes up to 2 mm. long, intermediate lobe 1 cm.
long, with 3 rows of papillae extending beyond the middle,
the central one sometimes reaching almost to the apex of the
lobe. Column 7 mm. long, produced into a short foot at the
base. Anther orbicular, rostrate. L. Bolus. (Bolus Herbar-
ium, National Botanic Gardens, No.
Plate 583. — Fig. 1, sketch of lower part of plant, reduced ; Fig. 2, upper
part of do. ; Fig. 3, leaf ; Fig. 4, flower ; Fig. 5, sepal ; Fig. 6, petal ; Fig. 7,
lip — nat. size; Fig. 8, do., x 2; Fig. 9, lip and column; Fig. 10, column,
front view; Fig. 11, do., side view; Fig. 12, anther; Fig. 13, pollinium —
enlarged.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
5* 4-
C. Letty del.
Plate 584.
CENTROSTIGMA Schlechteri.
Transvaal.
Orchid ace ae. Tribe Ophrydeae.
Centrostigma Schltr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 53, 521 (1915).
Centrostigma Schlechteri {Kranzl) Schltr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol.
53, p. 523; Habenaria Schlechteri Kranzl. ex Schltr. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
vol. 20; Beibl. 50. 35; FI. Cap. vol. 5, pt. 3, p. 124.
This interesting species was first collected by Dr. R.
Schlechter in swamps near Middelburg in the Transvaal and
described by Prof. Kranzlin. Schlechter records that when he
collected the plant the floral structure appeared unusual to
him and it was not until some years later that he carefully
examined this species and some other closely related species
of Habenaria. The result of this was that he considered H.
Schlechteri, Kranzl and H. occultans, Welw. so distinct from all
other species of Habenaria that he suggested they should
comprise a genus distinct from Habenaria. He proposed
the name Centrostigma. The main character of the species
in this genus is the bifid stigmas. Centrostigma was
regarded by Schlechter as having three species, viz. C.
Schlechteri, (Kranzl) Schltr., C. occultans, (Welw.) Schltr.,
and C. nyassanum, Schltr. The species we figure is the only
one which occurs in South Africa; the other two are from
tropical Africa. Mr. V. S. Summerhayes (Kew Bulletin,
1934, p. 205) thinks that only two, perhaps only one, species
of the genus may be recognised.
Dr. E. E. Galpin collected specimens in swampy ground on
the farm “ Welgevonden ” near Dullstroom in the eastern
Transvaal at an altitude of 6500 ft., and it was from these
specimens that our Plate was prepared. Dr. Galpin refers
to the flowers as pale greenish-yellow and as having a strong
sweet scent at night. When comparing the specimen with
the description of Habenaria Schlechteri in the Flora Capensis,
certain additional characters not mentioned there were noted,
e.g., the peculiar curled side-lobes of the rostellum. As we
were in doubt whether our plant was that described in the
Flora Capensis, we submitted the specimens to Mrs. F. Bolus,
who is of opinion that Dr. Galpin’s plant is this species. It
is closely allied to C. occultans, (Welw.) Schltr., from which it
differs in not having the bipartite petals found in that species.
Description : — Plant 45 cm. high, with a stout leafy
stem which turns black on drying. Leaves erect, sheathing,
7-12 cm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, glabrous; the upper
passing gradually into the bracts. Inflorescence a raceme,
6-flowered, about 10 cm. long. Bracts 6 cm. long, lanceolate,
acuminate. Dorsal sepal galeate, 1-5 cm. long, broadly
elliptic-ovate, apiculate; lateral sepals 1*7 cm. long, slightly
oblique, lanceolate, acuminate. Petals almost as long as the
dorsal sepal, falcate, simple; lip deeply 3-lobed, about 1-6 cm.
long, middle lobe linear, obtuse; side lobes linear, slightly
narrowing to the base, pectinate in the upper half ; spur 12 cm.
long, often included within the bract of a lower flower.
Column 8 mm. long, curved; stigmas clavate, with a small
hardened peg-like process on the outer edge of each ; rostellum
with two chitinous-like subulate processes 8-9 mm. long which
are sometimes curled at the apex. Pollinia with very long
caudicles, the lower ends of which lie in two curved channelled
processes from the column. Ovary 3 cm. long. (National
Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 19575.)
Plate 584. — Fig. 1, ovary and sepals; Fig. 2, lip; Fig. 3, column with
lateral sepals; Fig. 4, side view of column with lip and portion of spur
attached ; Fig. 5, front view of column ; Fig. 6, a stigma showing one of the
peg-like processes.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S 85
C.Letty del.
Plate 585.
STENOGLOTTIS fimbriata.
Cape Province , Natal, Transvaal.
Orchid aceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.
Stenoglottis Lindl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 622.
Stenoglottis fimbriata, Lindl. in Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. ii. 210;
FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 116.
The orchid we figure has a wide distribution in South
Africa, having been recorded from the Stockenstroom district
in the south, through the Transkei and Natal to the spurs
of the Drakensberg in the northern Transvaal. The genus
Stenoglottis contains only three known species, two of which
are found in South Africa and the third in tropical Africa.
The Flora Capensis states that they are terrestrial herbs,
but the plants we have examined show that they are sometimes
epiphytic. As pointed out also in the same publication the
leaves are not always spotted, and we have been able to con-
firm this from living specimens all gathered in the same
locality. In 1859 Harvey illustrated the species in the
Thesaurus Capensis (PI. 56), and in the Botanical Magazine for
1870 (PI. 5872) a coloured reproduction was published. The
latter plate was prepared from specimens grown by Mr. W.
Wilson Saunders in England. While the flowers are small,
they are of exquisite beauty when seen under a lens owing
to the glistening crystalline papillae, and no coloured reproduc-
tion can bring out this character. The specimens from which
our Plate was prepared were received in February 1935 from
Mr. A. E. Grewcock, the forester at Haenertsburg in the
northern Transvaal.
Description: — Plant an epiphyte. Tubers several to a
plant, 2-5-3 cm. long, 5 mm. in diam. Leaves all radical,
8-11 to each plant, 8-12 cm. long, -8-2 cm. broad, lanceolate,
narrowed to the base, with undulate margins, pure green or
sometimes with purplish spots. Scape 16-24 cm. long.
Peduncle 2 mm. in diam., terete, covered with minute papillae.
Racemes 9-14 cm. long. Bracts 7 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminate. Sepals 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, oblong-elliptic,
obtuse ; lateral sepals somewhat falcate. Lateral petals
4-5 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, elliptic, cuspidate ; lip 5-5 mm.
long, 1*5 mm. broad, oblong, divided into 3 linear obtuse
lobes, white with pink markings. Column 1-5 mm. long,
produced into a pair of arms on each side of the pollen sacs.
Note. — The ovary, sepals, and petals are covered with minute
crystalline papillae. (National Herbarium, Pretoria.)
Plate 585. — Fig. 1, median sepal; Fig. 2, lateral sepal; Fig. 3, lateral
petal; Fig. 4, lip; Fig. 5, column.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
C.Letty del.
Plate 586.
LISSOCHILUS Buchanani.
Cape Province , Natal, Transvaal, Rhodesia.
Orchid aceae. Tribe Vandeae.
Lissochxlus, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Oen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 536.
Lissochilus Buchanani, Reichb.f. Otia Bot. Hamb. i. 64;
FI. Cap. vol. 5, sect. 3, p. 60.
The genus Lissochilus contains about 100 species almost
all found in the African continent. A few are recorded
from the Mascarene Islands and 13 species from South Africa ;
four of the latter also occur in tropical Africa. Only four of
the South African species occur as far south as Uitenhage,
and the general range is the northern Transvaal, Natal,
Pondoland and the Transkei. We figured a species of the
genus on Plate 168 ( L . speciosus R. Br.), and a comparison of
this with our present Plate will show that the chief difference
is the relatively long sepals in L. Buchanani which are about as
long as the petals.
We received the specimen illustrated from the Belvedere
Farm and Nurseries, Politsi, N. Transvaal. The flowers are
very sweet-smelling. Species of Lissochilus are easily culti-
vated and make a very pleasing show in a rockery when they
are in full bloom.
Description : — Leaves up to 33 cm. long, up to almost
2 cm. broad, plicate. Inflorescence a many-flowered raceme
up to 30 cm. long. Bracts 1*4 cm. long, 4 mm. broad, lanceo-
late. Pedicels up to 2-2 cm. long. Sepals T7 cm. long,
5-7 mm. broad, oblong or oblong-elliptic, rounded above. Lip
1*7 cm. long, 1*6 cm. broad, bi-lobed above, with the lobes
rounded above, with 3 ridges up the middle and which become
laminate and broader above, saccate at the base; lateral
petals 1*7 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, oblong, rounded at the apex.
Column 1*2 cm. long, somewhat curved, deeply concave, with a
membrane across the concave face to form a pocket near the
top. Anther-sac produced into 2 distinct horns above;
pollinia 1-5 mm. in diam., both attached to a broad caudicle.
(National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 10067.)
Plate 586. — Fig. 1, lip, side view ; Fig. 2, lip, front view ; Fig. 3, column,
side view ; Fig. 4, column front view ; Fig. 5. pollinia.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
58 7
C.Letty del.
Plate 587.
LIPARIS Bowkeri.
Cape Province , Natal, Transvaal.
Orchid ace ae. Tribe Epidendreae.
Liparis, L. C. Rich ; Bcnth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. pt. 2, p. 495.
Liparis Bowkeri, Harv. Thes. Cap. ii. 6, t. 109 ;
FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 8.
The genus Liparis has a wide distribution in the warm and
temperate regions of the world, but the species are most
numerous in tropical Asia. There are about 120 species
known, of which only three are recorded from South Africa.
One species ( L . capensis Lindl.) occurs at the Cape and extends
as far east as Komgha ; another species ( L . Gerrardi Reichb. f.)
is confined as far as we know, to Natal ; while L. Bowkeri has the
Albany district as its southern limit and extends northwards
through the Transkei, Natal, Zululand, the northern Trans-
vaal, and into tropical Africa. Dr. W. H. Harvey in 1863
first described and figured the species, and Dr. H. Bolus in his
Orchids of South Africa (vol. i, PI. 2) published a coloured
illustration. The plant which Dr. Harvey figured was
received by him from Mr. Henry Bowker, who collected it
near Port Bowker in the Transkei. As may be seen from the
accompanying Plate, the plant is not a particularly attractive
one, but is interesting as an example of a large genus of plants
sparsely represented in South Africa. Mr. A. E. Grewcock
of the Forestry Division, Haenertsburg, Transvaal, forwarded
us the specimens from which our Plate was prepared.
Description : — A herbaceous plant 21 cm. high. Pseudo-
bulbs about 4 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate in outline, green,
fleshy. Leaves 3-4 ; the lowermost forming sheaths ; the upper
up to 17 cm. long, 6-5-8 cm. broad, ovate above, obtuse,
narrowed and sheathing at the base, slightly undulate on the
margins, with the 6-9 veins curved and very prominent on the
back. Inflorescence a laxly-flowered raceme, scarcely over-
topping the leaves. Bracts 1-15 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate,
sub-acuminate at the base clasping the peduncle. Dorsal
sepal 1 cm. long, 1-5 mm. broad, linear, obtuse, cordate at the
base; lateral sepals 7 mm. long, 3-5 mm. broad, oblong,
somewhat falcate, obtuse. Lip 6-5 mm. long, 7 mm. broad
above, transversely oblong, rounded and somewhat crenate
above, narrowed at the base and produced into an ear on each
side of the column ; lateral petals 9 mm. long, linear, folded,
truncate. Column 5 mm. long, curved, oblong above from a
broader 2-lobed base. Anther-sacs covered by a distinctly
mucronate operculum. Pollen- masses 4, two in each anther-
sac. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 19683.)
Plate 587. — Fig. 1, semi-diagrammatic drawing of flower seen from the
front; Fig. 2, parts of flower (lip not shown); Fig. 3, operculum covering
the anther.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
SS8
CLetty del.
Plate 588.
SATYRIUM CRIST ATUM.
Transvaal.
Orchidaceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.
Satyrium, Swartz ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 629.
Satyrium cristatum, Sond. in Linrma, xix. 84 ;
FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 164.
On Plate 492 we figured a species of Satyrium and there
gave a short account of the genus. The species we figure on
the accompanying Plate differs from S. ocellatum principally
in the shorter spurs. Satyrium cristatum has a wide distri-
bution, ranging from Port Elizabeth in the south, through the
eastern districts and Natal to the northern Transvaal.
Although such a common species it was not collected by many
of the earlier botanical collectors. In the Flora Capensis
Rolfe states that it is a very variable species and expresses
some doubt whether all the specimens quoted there are
identical.
Mr. A. E. Grewcock, the forester at Woodbush, who has
sent us many specimens of orchids, collected the specimen
from which the Plate was prepared, in February 1935.
Description : — Leaves about six ; the lowest two 9 cm.
long, 6*5 cm. broad, elliptic-ovate, obtuse, clasping at the
base ; the upper leaves successively smaller and stem clasping.
Inflorescence 14 cm. long, with the flowers opening from the
base upwards. Bracts 2 cm. long, 9 mm. broad, lanceolate,
acute, at first erect, then becoming strongly reflexed. Hood
7 mm. long, keeled on the back, with the apex reflexed, rugose,
produced into two spurs narrowing to the base and as long as
the ovary. Petals and sepals very similar, all 7 mm. long,
1-1 "5 mm. broad, linear. Column 8 mm. long, 1 mm. diam.,
terete. Anther-thecae pendulous below the stigma; pollinia
erect, each attached to a separate gland. Stigma terminal
cushion-shaped, with an ear-like appendage lying on the outer
sides of the anther-thecae. Ovary angled, with a conspicuous
rib on the outer face. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No.
19646.)
Plate 588. — Fig. 1, column ; Fig. 2, a pollinium ; Fig. 3, cross-section of
ovary.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S89
C. Letly del.
Plate 589.
CYNORCHIS GLANDULOSA.
Transvaal.
Orchid ace ae. Tribe Ophrydeae.
Cynorchis, Thou. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 628.
Cynorchis glandulosa, L. Bolus in Journ. Bot. vol. 66, p. 232.
The genus Cynorchis contains between forty and fifty
species which are mostly native of the Mascarene Islands,
with a few in tropical Africa and three species in China and
Japan. At the time of the publication of the Orchidaceae in
the Flora Capensis only one species was known, from Natal.
Since then Mrs. L. Bolus has described a species from Griqua-
land East ( C . Macloughinii) and the present species from the
Transvaal.
The specimen on which the species was founded was col-
lected by Mr. Frank Stone at Kaapschehoop in the Barberton
district in February 1928. Since then we have received
living specimens from Mr. A. E. Grewcock, the forester at
Woodbush, who collected the plant at Haenertsburg. The
species differs from the two previously described from South
Africa in being glandularly pubescent. Our Plate was
prepared from Mr. Grewcock’s plants.
Description : — Tubers 3 cm. long, about 1 cm. in diam.,
with stout roots arising from the junction of the scape and
tubers. Leaf solitary, 8-12 cm. long, 3-5 cm. broad, elliptic
or lanceolate-elliptic, sub-acuminate, narrowed into a short
stem-clasping petiole, reddish beneath, keeled along the mid-
rib, glabrous. Scape 30-39 cm. long, with 4 linear-lanceolate
acuminate bracts, scantily glandular-pilose. Raceme 7*5-12
cm. long. Bracts 1*2 cm. long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate,
sparsely glandular. Lateral sepals 6 mm. long, 3*5 mm.
broad, obliquely oblong, somewhat constricted at the apex,
with glandular hairs outside ; dorsal sepal 6 mm. long, forming
a deep boat-shaped hood, adnate to the lateral petals,
with a few glandular hairs on the back. Lip 7 mm. long,
3-lobed, with the middle lobe the largest and triangular-
ovate in outline, minutely glandular, produced into a spur
1 cm. long and 2 mm. broad at the base. Column 3-5 mm.
long. Anther-sacs lying behind in the column and in the
cavity of the posterior sepals; caudicles of pollinia in long
channels with the gland projecting in front of the column.
Stigma bilobed, extending into two diverging arms. Ovary
longer than the spur, glandular. (National Herbarium,
Pretoria, No. 20016.)
Plate 589. — Fig. 1, aide view of flower; Fig. 2, column.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
Plate 590.
MEGACLINIUM Sandersoni.
Natal, Transvaal.
Orchid ace ae. Tribe Epidendreae.
Megaclxnttjm, Lindl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 505.
Megaclinium Sandersoni, Oliv. in Bot. Mag. sub t. 5936 ;
FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 10.
This is the first opportunity we have had of figuring a
species of this typically tropical African genus. The genus
Megaclinium has been reported from Madagascar and repre-
sented there by one species, two species are known from South
Africa, while about 30 species are found in tropical Africa.
All the species are epiphytes, a type of plant poorly represented
in our flora. The two species of the genus in South Africa are
confined to the forests in Pondoland, Natal, and the northern
Transvaal. Mr. A. E. Grewcock, the forester at Woodbush,
who sent us the specimens, states they were collected in the
Helpmekaar Forest, near Haenertsburg and are found
particularly on branches of a species of Podocarpus.
The plant was first placed in the genus Bulbophyllum by
Reichenbach in 1878. The second species described in the
Flora Capensis was first published by Rolfe in 1888 and in
1890 transferred by Bolus to Bulbophyllum scaberulum, Bolus.
In his South African Orchids (1896), Bolus recognised only one
species, B. Sandersoni, though Rolfe in the Flora Capensis
regards M. Sandersoni and M. scaberulum as distinct. We
have had the opportunity of examining fresh material which
enables us to confirm Bolus’ view, that only one species is
found in South Africa.
Description : — An epiphyte. Stems cylindric, creeping,
with pseudo-bulbs at intervals of 25-3-5 cm. Pseudo-bulbs
2- 2-5 cm. long, -7-1 cm. broad at the base, ovate in outline,
3- 4-angled (Bolus states 4-7-angled). Leaves 2 from each
pseudo-bulb, 3-5-4 cm. long, 1-2-1 -6 cm. broad, oblong or
oblong-elliptic, leathery, one-nerved, notched at the apex.
Inflorescence a spike 9-5-12 cm. long, with 4-5 flowers borne
on a flattened rhachis. Bracts 4 mm. long, ovate. Side-
sepals 6 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, falcate, acute, concave at
the base, scabrid on the upper surface ; odd sepal 9 mm. long,
linear, obtuse. Side-petals slightly shorter than the side-
sepals, linear ; lip about 2 mm. long, from a short oblong base,
suddenly enlarged into a subquadrate portion and then
contracted into a linear obtuse portion. Column winged;
each wing with a small tooth at the apex. (National
Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 20019.)
Plate 590. — Fig. 1, front view of flower; Fig. 2, side view showing
column ; Fig. 3, bract.
F.P.S.A., 1936.
S97
C. Letty del.
Plate 591.
HUERNIA Verekeri.
Rhodesia.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Heeknia, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.
Huernia Verekeri, Stent in Kew Bull. 1933, p. 145.
We have been fortunate in being able to illustrate so many
species of the genus Huernia. In Volume XII of this work
we figured nine species, and these should be referred to for a
comparison with that shown on the accompanying plate.
The specimens from which our plate was prepared were re-
ceived from the late Mr. Geo. Thorncroft of Barberton, who
received the plants from Rhodesia. They were grown at
the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria, and came into flower
in January, 1934. It appears to have a long flowering period
and the flowers appear successively during that time. The
species was originally described from plants flowering in the
garden of Mr. Basil Christian, Salisbury, Rhodesia.
Description : — A succulent plant. Stems up to 5 cm.
high, 5-7 -angled, 2-5-3cm. in diam. (including the teeth) ;
teeth about T2 cm. long, narrowing from an ovate base, and in
older teeth tipped with a prominent bristle. Flowers usually
in clusters of 3-5. Pedicel 1 cm. long, terete, glabrous.
Young buds ovate-acuminate in outline, with 5 prominent
teeth on the sub-globose portion. Calyx-lobes 7 mm. long,
acuminate from an ovate base. Corolla 3 cm. broad in open
flowers; tube 3 mm. deep, 1 cm. in diam., saucer-shaped, with
a distinct rim, whitish at the base, pinkish round the rim,
glabrous within, hirsute on the rim ; lobes reflexed so that the
teeth between the lobes are not visible from above, 1 cm. long,
4 mm. broad at the base, with the margins reflexed, hirsute ;
teeth between the lobes (as seen from below) distinct. Outer
corona an entire disc lying flush with the surface of the corolla-
tube ; inner corona-lobes produced above into prominent
erect oblong obtuse lobes and produced at the apex into a
small horizontal tooth which lies over the staminal column.
(National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 19574.)
Plate 591. — Fig. 1, corona side view; Fig. 2, same, from above;
Fig. 3, corolla-lobe ; Fig. 4, same, from inside ; Fig. 5, calyx-lobe ; Fig. 6,
vertical section of part of flower ; Fig. 7, flower in bud.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S92
C. Letty del.
Plate 592.
CARALLUMA carnosa.
Transvaal.
Asclepladaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Caralluma, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 782.
Caralluma carnosa, Stent in Kew Bull. 1916, p. 42.
The plant figured was collected near the Zoutpan in the
Louis Trichardt district of the Transvaal, an area which has
already yielded several novelties and new records.
Dr. C. E. B. Bremekamp in 1931 paid a visit to this locality
and afterwards described three new genera and about 30
species from his collections made at that time. Later, officers
of the Division of Plant Industry and of the Transvaal Museum
collected in that area and recorded many succulent asclepiads.
It is interesting to note that the Ceropegia figured on Plate
488, as well as the Caralluma, t. 518 and the species figured
on the accompanying plate, all occur in this restricted locality.
The actual specimen from which this plate has been prepared
was grown at the Division of Plant Industry, where it flowered
last year.
Caralluma carnosa, Stent, is remarkable in that it combines
characters of the genus Caralluma, R. Br. with those of Huernia,
R. Br. ; at first sight it would almost suggest an undescribed
genus of the Stapelieae.
Special attention is drawn to the presence of the small
teeth in the sinuses between the corolla-lobes (especially
prominent in flower buds just before anthesis) and the cupular
corona occupying the whole of the corolla-tube. The species
figured is closely allied to C. mammillaris, (L.) N. E. Br., and
C. ramosa, (Mass.) N. E. Br., and they form a natural group
characterised by the well-defined corolla-tube, a cupular
corona, and subsidiary teeth in the sinuses between the corolla-
lobes. The presence of such teeth is generally recognised as
a salient character of the genus Huernia R. Br., but their
importance, together with coronal structure as a distinguishing
generic character in this genus, would appear to be somewhat
overrated even by such workers as N. E. Brown (in FI. Cap.
IV. i (1909), p. 526) and Berger (in Stapelien und Kleinien
(1910), p. 18).
It is quite clear that the genus Caralluma in its modern
wide conception is an artificial grouping of heterogenous
elements, and as our knowledge increases there will be strong
need for the revision of the entire genus, which will un-
doubtedly lend itself to the segregation of several natural
groups.
Description : — Stem deep green, speckled with purple
dots, branched, succulent, 11 cm. high, 4 cm. in diam. (in-
cluding the teeth), 4-angled, glabrous; teeth 1-5 cm. long,
4*0 mm. broad, laterally compressed, ascending-spreading,
with two minute opposite spines situated 2-2-5 mm. from the
spiny apex. Inflorescence a cyme near the apex of the stem ;
flowers appearing successively. Calyx-lobes 4 mm. long,
lanceolate, glabrous. Corolla campanulate, 8 mm. deep,
1-8 cm. in diam., pale green and obscurely veined with pink
on the outer surface; inner surface parchment-coloured,
irregularly mottled with deep red-purple spots, rugulose,
papillate, with a few scattered subulate hairs mainly on the
corolla-lobes ; throat with an inconspicuous ring ; lobes
4 mm. long, 8 mm. broad at the base, broadly triangular,
with a small tooth in each sinus. Corona double, 3 mm. high,
4 mm. in diam. ; outer corona subglobose, cup-shaped,
5-lobed in the uppermost third ; lobes parchment-coloured,
speckled with light purple spots, erect, bifid, with the tips
slightly recurving and incumbent on the corolla-throat;
inner corona 5-lobed ; lobes parchment-coloured, speckled
with brown spots, 2 mm. long, arising from the angles between
the outer lobes, incumbent on the anthers, with the apices
converging, subulate-acute, with a dorsal crest on their lower
half. [ Obermeijer , Schweickerdt and Verdoorn, No. 411
(National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 19597).]
H. G. Schweickerdt.
Plate 592. — Fig. 1, corona, side view; Fig. 2, corona seen from above;
Fig. 3, part of corona showing attachment of inner lobe.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
593
C. Letty del.
Plate 593.
CARALLUMA Knobelii.
Bechuanaland Protectorate.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Caralluma, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 782.
Caralluma Knobelii, Phillips, comb. nov.
On Plate 363 we figured and described a plant as Stapelia
Knobelii Phillips. Since then we have had an opportunity
of examining further material grown at the Division of
Plant Industry in Pretoria and are now of the opinion that
this plant is better placed in the genus Caralluma. The
chief difference between the two genera is that in Stapelia
the outer corona-lobes are free, while in Caralluma they are
partly adnate to the inner corona-lobes. In several plants,
however, regarded as belonging to the genus Caralluma, the
connection between the outer and inner corona-lobes is not
very apparent. This was the case with the plant we first
figured and, for this reason, it was placed in the genus Stapelia.
We have carefully compared our present plant with the type
of Stapelia Knobelii Phillips (National Herb., No. 8308) and
find them to be almost identical. There are, however, slight
differences in the relative lengths of the outer and inner
corona-lobes which in our opinion do not warrant keeping
the two plants separate as species. Also, in the plant we now
figure, the connection between the outer and inner corona-
lobes is evident and consequently it is better regarded as a
species of Caralluma. In Stapelieae, published by White and
Sloane, a species (p. 61), Caralluma Langii, is described. This
appears to be very near our plant, but the following differences
are noted : (1) The vegetative parts are different, the stem
not being deeply grooved and the teeth smaller; (2) the
pedicels are much longer; (3) the unopened buds are of a
different shape; (4) the corolla-lobes are relatively longer
compared with their breadth; (5) the inner corona-lobes
are not hooked at the apex.
We have no information as to the locality from which
our plant comes.
Description : — Stems spreading, up to 10 cm. long, about
2 cm. broad (including the teeth), sharply 4-angled, glabrous ;
teeth 6 mm. long, stout, conical, acute, almost horizontal.
Flowers 10, clustered at the middle of the young stems,
opening in rapid succession so that the greater number are
open at the same time. Pedicels 1 cm. long, glabrous. Sepals
5 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Corolla 3-5 cm.
in diam., white on the disc and base of lobes, green in apical
third, clearly spotted and blotched with blackish-purple ;
tube shallow, pentagonal, 1 cm. in diam., lobes 1-3 cm. long,
1 cm. broad at the base, ovate, ciliate with vibritile clavate
hairs, becoming reflexed in old flowers. Outer corona pentagon-
ally basin-shaped, 8 mm. in diam. ; lobes 3 mm. long, 2-5 mm.
wide, more or less quadrate, minutely toothed on the sub-
truncate apex, with a broad grooved dark band from apex to
base on the inner face; inner corona-lobes 4 mm. long,
filiform, connivent-erect, dorsally connected with the sinuses
of the outer corona-lobes, with a distinct basal horn 1-5 mm.
long. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 15879.)
Plate 593. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of corolla; Fig. 2, a sepal;
Fig. 3, corolla-lobe ; Fig. 4, corona.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
594
C. Letty del.
Plate 594.
TRICHOCAULON piliferum.
Cape Province.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Trichocaulon, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. 17, p. 164.
Trichocaulon piliferum, N. E. Br. in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. 17, p. 164;
FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 1, p. 890.
The genus Trichocaulon was established by the late
Dr. N. E. Brown in 1880 in a paper entitled “ The Stapelieae
of Thunberg’s Herbarium, with descriptions of four new
genera of Stapelieae.” Two species were then recognised.
Since that date Dr. Brown described several other species
and in the Flora Capensis eleven species are recorded. Nine
of these species belong to the dry central parts of South
Africa, while two are found in Little Namaqualand. In
general appearance the species of Trichocaulon very much
resemble species of Hoodia (compare Plate 93), but the flowers
are smaller. The species we figure was first described by
Linnaeus (fil.) almost 200 years ago as Stapelia pilifera. In
1796 Masson published a coloured illustration of the species
and almost a century later a coloured plate was reproduced
in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6759). The name “ ngaap ”
is applied to the species of Trichocaulon by the natives, who
eat the juicy and sweetish stems. The specimen we figure
was collected by Dr. H. G. Schweickerdt at Oudtshoorn in
1930 and flowered at the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria,
in September, 1934.
Description : — Plant 16 cm. high, branching at the base.
Stems cylindric or slightly clavate-cylindric, 4-5 cm. in diam.,
irregularly tuberculed, with the tubercules crowded and each
ending in a stiff brown bristle up to 6 mm. long. Flowers
solitary, sometimes near together in the grooves between the
tubercules. Pedicels about 1 mm. long. Calyx-lobes 4 mm.
long, subulate-acuminate from an ovate base, glabrous.
Corolla in bud somewhat flattened on top, 1 cm. in diam.
when expanded, glabrous and smooth on the back, densely
papillate on the inner face except on the tube and tips of lobes ;
tube 2 mm. deep, cup-like, irregularly sub-pentagonal at the
mouth; limb scarcely spreading, lobed three-quarters of the
way down, slightly raised around the mouth of the tube ;
lobes 5 mm. long, 5 mm. broad, broadly ovate, produced
into a short subulate point. Outer corona of 5 spreading
bifid lobes ; lobes 2 mm. long ; inner corona-lobes about 1 mm.
long, oblong, obtuse, arising about one-third of the distance
up the faces of the outer corona-lobes, shorter than and
incumbent on the backs of the anthers. (National Herbarium,
Pretoria, No. 19607.)
Plate 594. — Fig. 1, a flower ; Fig. 2, longitudinal section of corolla with
corona removed ; Fig. 3, corona.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
595
C. Letty del.
Plate 595.
CARALLUMA Rogersii.
Bechuanaland, Transvaal, Rhodesia.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Caballitma, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 782.
Caralluma Rogersii, Bruce and Dyer in Kew Bulletin, 1934, p. 303.
The plant we figure was first described by Mrs. F. Bolus
(Ann. Bolus Herb. vol. i, p. 194) as Stapelia Rogersii, from a
plant collected by Archdeacon F. A. Rogers and which
flowered at the National Botanic Gardens at Kirstenbosch
in 1915. In the specimens examined, the outer and inner
corona-lobes are joined, which would justify its transference
from the genus Stapelia to the genus Caralluma, as was done
by E. A. Bruce and R. A. Dyer.
Caralluma Rogersii is remarkable for its inner corona-
lobes, which differ from those of any other species of Stapelia
or Caralluma we have examined, while the large teeth on
the stem appear to be a common feature in the majority of
the species of the two genera found in the northern Transvaal.
The clavate hairs on the corolla-lobes have a crystalline
appearance which produces a glistening effect in the flowers.
The species blooms profusely and is easy of cultivation.
Our specimen flowered at the Division of Plant Industry,
Pretoria, in March, 1934, and was originally collected by
Mr. J. S. Messing, of Politsi, at Mokeetsi in the Northern
Transvaal in December, 1932.
Description : — Stems erect, up to 20 cm. long, 4-angled,
1 cm. in diam., glabrous; teeth 1-5-2-5 cm. long, 5 mm.
broad at the base, subulate, suberect-spreading, acute, often
with 2 minute teeth near the apex. Flowers 2 or more,
arising in the angles of the teeth. Pedicels 1-8 cm. long.
Sepals 4 mm. long, 1*5 mm. broad, deltoid, acuminate, glabrous.
Corolla about 4 cm. in diam., flattened, glabrous without,
densely and minutely papillate within; disc 6 mm. diam.,
clothed with pellucid hairs up to 1-5 mm. long; lobes 2 cm.
long, 5 mm. broad, ascending and incurving, linear, acute,
slightly replicate above the middle, ciliate at the base ; cilia
indexed, 2 mm. long, pellucid, globose at the apex. Outer
corona-lobes spreading, 2 mm. long, oblong, channelled down
the face, 3-toothed at the apex ; inner corona-lobes erect,
2-partite almost to the base ; dorsal horn 6 mm. long, filiform,
coiled above ; lobe divided into 3 filiform processes each 9 mm.
long and coiled above. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No.
19606.)
Plate 595. — Fig. 1, corolla-lobe and portion of disc, showing hairs on
disc and the hairs with globose tips at the base of the lobe ; Fig. 2, corona ;
Fig. 3, inner corona-lobe.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
5'J6
C. Letty del.
Plate 596.
HUERNIA scabra var. longula.
Cape Province ?
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Huernia, R. Br. ; Benth. et HooJc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.
Huernia scabra, var. longula, N. E. Br. in FI. Cap. vol. iv.
sect. 1, p. 916.
In the text accompanying Plate 444 we stated our reasons
for recognising several varieties of the species Huernia scabra.
The plate we now publish should be compared with Plate 479
and it will be seen that the two plants figured are very similar,
the most striking difference being the elongated inner corona-
lobes of the specimen illustrated on the accompanying plate.
There should also be noticed the absence of the stiff hairs on
the papillae of the corolla. Both these characters agree
with Brown’s description of the variety longula.
So far as our records go, all the known varieties of H.
scabra occur in the dry central portion of the Karoo. The
plant from which the plate was prepared was cultivated at the
Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria, and flowered in January,
1932. The information in the Garden Register is that it was
collected in the northern Transvaal, but we are inclined to
doubt this information and think labels have been misplaced.
If the plant really does come from the northern Transvaal,
then it is a very interesting record.
Description : — Stem up to 3-5 cm. long, about 2-5 cm.
in diam., 4-5-angled, glabrous ; teeth deltoid, acute. Flowers
numerous at the base of the young stems, opening singly.
Pedicel T7 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes 5 mm. long,
2 mm. broad, lanceolate, long acuminate, glabrous. Corolla
4 cm. in diam. ; tube 7 mm. deep, 8 mm. in diam. at the mouth,
globose-campanulate, covered with papillae in the throat,
with a dark ring at the base; lobes 1*3 cm. long, 1-5 cm.
broad, ovate, acuminate, smooth and glabrous on outer surface.
covered with numerous papillae on inner surface ; the papillae
not tipped with a bristle. Outer corona-lobes appressed to the
base of the tube, 2 mm. long, 1 mm. wide, transversely oblong,
deeply 2-lobed, velvety, joined to form a disc ; inner corona-
lobes 4 mm. long, linear, bent over the staminal column and
then produced for 3 mm. beyond. (National Herbarium,
Pretoria, No. 11301.)
Plate 596. — Fig. 1, calyx-lobe; Fig. 2, part of corolla; Fig. 3, corona;
Fig. 4, an outer corona-lobe.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S9 7
H. Lang del.
Plate 597.
PIARANTHUS Framesii.
Cape Province.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Piaranthus, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii.
p. 782 (partly).
Piaranthus Framesii, Pillans in S.A. Gard. and Country Life,
vol. 18, p. 61.
In previous volumes we have figured several species of
Piaranthus and all information about the genus will be found
in one or other of the texts accompanying these plates. The
plant on which the present species is based was collected by
Mr. P. Ross Frames in the van Rhynsdorp district and grown
at the National Botanic Gardens at Kirstenbosch, Newlands,
C.P. The plant we figured was collected in the same area
by Mr. G. van Son and grown by Mr. Herbert Lang in Pretoria,
where it flowered in April, 1934. The species is characterised
by the relatively large pentagonal staminal column, unlike
any other known in the genus.
Description : — Stems up to 1 cm. in diam., bluntly
4- angled, pale green, spotted with purple; teeth conical,
tipped with a minute spine. Flowers solitary or 3-nate,
arising laterally ; buds ovate in outline, shortly pointed,
5- angled. Pedicels brownish, 8 mm. long, terete, glabrous.
Calyx-lobes brownish, 3 mm. long, triangular, acute. Corolla-
tube 8 mm. long, 1 cm. in diam., campanulate, brownish-
green without and with scattered spots, marked with purple
lines and spots on a pale yellow background within, with a
purple ring at the base, hirsute ; lobes reflexed in open flowers,
1-2 cm. long, 6 mm. broad at the base, ovate, subacuminate,
marked on inner and outer surfaces as the tube. Corona
a deep canary yellow ; lobes of three crests one above the other,
the outermost crest (or lobe proper) shortly 2-lobed, arising
from this is a hand-shaped appendage and below this a tongue-
shaped appendage which lies over the staminal column.
Pollinia erect, pale yellow, with a keel edged with deep orange-
yellow; caudicles swollen into a globose structure on each
side of the horny carrier. (National Herbarium, Pretoria,
No. 19608.)
Plate 597. — Fig. 1, corona ; Fig. 2, a corona lobe ; Figs. 3, 4, appendages
on corona-lobe.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
S98
C. Letty del.
Plate 598.
DUVALIA MODESTA.
Cape Province.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Duvalia, Haw. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. vol. ii. p. 784.
Duvalia modesta, N. E. Br. ; FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 1028.
The species of Duvalia here shown was collected by Mr.
G. W. Reynolds at Golden Valley, six miles south of Cookhouse
in the Somerset East district. On a former occasion it had
been collected in the same area by Mr. N. S. Pillans. In
previous volumes we illustrated four other species of the genus,
all of which differ from D. modesta in not having the long cilia
on the corolla-lobes, but, as a comparison of the plates will
show, all agree in the replicate lobes of the corolla, so character-
istic of the genus. In its native habitat the plant grows under
low bushes, and this type of habitat is not uncommon, as
many species of the Stapelieae grow in shade. Our plant
does not agree with the type description, which states the
annulus to be glabrous.
Description : — Plant prostrate with younger stems
arising from older stems as a more or less separate entity.
Stems 2*5-3 cm. long, 1-1*5 cm. in diam., ovoid or oblong in
outline, with 4-5 obtuse tuberculate-toothed angles, glabrous.
Flowers arising half-way up the young stems, developing
successively. Pedicels up to 1*5 cm. long, glabrous. Calyx-
lobes 2 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, glabrous. Corolla 1*5 cm.
in diam. ; lobes 6 mm. long, closely replicate in the upper half,
ciliate with a few white and many purple hairs 1-1*5 mm.
long, otherwise glabrous; annulus about 6 mm. in diam.,
1 mm. high, obtusely pentagonal, minutely pubescent.
Outer corona dark reddish-chocolate, 4 mm. in diam., obtusely
pentagonal ; inner corona-lobes lighter in colour, flecked with
darker red on underside and at apices. (National Her-
barium, Pretoria, No. 19569.)
Plate 598. — Fig. 1, flower seen from above ; Fig. 2, flower seen partly
from below to show replicate corolla-lobes.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
599
C L etty del.
Plate 599.
CARALLUMA piaranthoides.
Southern Rhodesia.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Caralluma, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 782.
Caralluma piaranthoides, Obermeijer, sp. nov. affinis. C. carnosae
Stent, sed coralla minora differt.
Caules simplices vel basi ramosi, erecti, c. 10 cm. alti, 4-angulares,
glabri; dentes curvati, c. 1-5 cm. longi, infra apicem minute bidenticulati.
Flores 2-5, ad apicem ramorum aggregate Pedicelli 4 mm. longi. Sepala
3 mm. longa, apice acuta. Coralla c. 15 mm. diam., rotata; lobi apice
acuti, infra glabri, supra papillati. Corona exterior 5-lobata ; lobi dentati ;
corona interior 5-lobata ; lobi saepe bidentati.
Southern Rhodesia : Wankie, Levy 8444, and in Herb. Transvaal
Mus. 33244, and in National Herb. 19768.
This remarkable species of Caralluma, while having some
affinity with C. carnosa, Stent, differs markedly from any
known species. The structure of the corona is very similar
to that of Pectinaria asperifolia, N. E. Br., as figured by White
and Sloane in the Stapelieae (Fig. 5). The flowers in general
appearance are similar to those of Piaranthus geminatus
N. E. Br. (see Plate 324), while the stems resemble those of
Stultitia Tapscottii, Phillips (see Plate 520). The species is of
interest as evidence of the close affinity between the genera
of the tribe Stapelieae as was first indicated by the late Dr.
N. E. Brown. The specimens were collected by Mr. B. Levy
and sent to the Transvaal Museum, Pretoria, where they
flowered in January, 1935.
Description : — Stems erect, up to 10 cm. high, 4-angled ;
teeth 1-5 cm. long, curved, tapering to the apex, with two minute
teeth below the apex. Buds compressed, rounded, obtuse.
Sepals 3 mm. long, acute. Corolla about 1-5 cm. in diam.,
greenish with a few scattered red spots and glabrous without,
yellow spotted with wine-red and tuberculate and papillate
within ; lobes triangular, acute. Corona slightly convex,
in a shallow depression of the corolla (visible only in cross-
section) ; outer corona-lobes 5, appearing 10-lobed, irregularly-
toothed, cream-coloured, minutely spotted with red; inner
corona-lobes closely incumbent on the anthers, often 2-toothed,
broadly connected at the base to the outer corona.
Plate 599. — Fig. 1, cross-section o£ flower ; Fig. 2, corona as seen from
above.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
600
C.Letty del
Plate 600.
CARALLUMA Keithii.
Swaziland.
Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.
Caballtjma, R. Br. ; Benth. et Hoolc.f. Gen. Plant, vol. 11, p. 782.
Caralluma Keithii, R. A. Dyer , sp. nov., affinis. C. carnosae Stent,
corollae colore, annulo minus prominente, lobis fere sinubus pilis paucis
clavatis vel capitatis indutis, margine proximus brevissime pubescentibus,
coronae lobis interioribus differt.
Caules carnosi, erecti vel ascendentes, basi ramosi, 5-15 cm. alti, 3-4-5
cm. diametro (dentibus inclusis), glabri, purpureo-virides, rubro-brunneo-
maculati, quadrangulares ; anguli dentibus patentibus acutis 1-1 -5 cm. longis
instructi. Flores 1-3 aggregate Sepala lanceolata, acuminata, 5 mm.
longa. Corolla 1 cm. longa, circiter 1-25 diametro; tubus campanulatus,
verrucosus, annulo parvo pentagono instructus, purpureo-ruber ; lobi
deltoideo-ovati, suberecti vel paullum patentes, 5 mm. longi, 6 mm. lati,
breviter papilloso-verrucosi, leviter hirsuti, fere sinubus pilis paucis clavatis
vel capitatis induti, margine proximus brevissime pubescentes, atropur-
pureo-rubri, leviter albomaculati. Corona exterior crateriformis, gyno-
stegium excedens, lobis 5 profunde bifidis, dilute cremeis vel dilute roseo-
cremeis ; coronae interioris lobi antheris paullum longiores, dorso carnoso-
gibbosi et lobulo exteriore emarginato instructi.
Swaziland : Ubombo Mountain, about 20 miles from Stegi, March,
Keith in Nat. Herb. 19790, type !
This remarkable plant is most nearly allied to Caralluma
carnosa Stent, a species first collected by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans,
C.M.G., on the Magaliesberg and figured here on Plate 592.
It should be compared also with the new species C. piaran-
thoides Obermeijer appearing on Plate 599. C. Keithii, like
C. carnosa, has a cup-like outer corona overtopping the
staminal column, from which character the name is derived.
It is further noteworthy on account of the minute teeth at
the sinuses of the corolla-lobes. Whereas this latter feature is
characteristic of the genus Huernia, the coronal structure is
entirely distinct. The few clavate or capitate hairs near the
base of the corolla-lobes are not readily seen amongst the simple
hairs, and the use of a high-power lens is necessary to distin-
guish the row of minute hairs near the margin of the lobes.
The absence of these hairs in C. carnosa affords an easy means
of distinguishing the two species.
The type specimen of C. Keithii was collected by Mr. D. R.
Keith in Swaziland, about 20 miles from Stegi on the Ubombo
Mountain. It flowers during February, March and April.
Description A dwarf succulent branched at the base.
Branches erect or spreading, 7-9 cm. high, 3-4-5 cm. broad
including the teeth, glabrous, bluish-green, mottled with
reddish-brown, 4-angled; angles with alternate, spreading
teeth; teeth sharply pointed, 1-1-5 cm. prominent. Flowers
1-3 together, irregularly placed between the angles, opening
successively (one flower next to the one shown was removed
for dissection before figuring). Pedicels about 2 mm. long.
Calyx-segments lanceolate, acuminate, 5 mm. long. Corolla
about 1-25 cm. in diameter when open; tube campanulate,
minutely verrucose, with a raised 5-angled annulus (more
prominent at the centre of the base of the lobes), purplish ;
lobes deltoid-ovate, acute, 5 mm. long, 6 mm. broad, slightly
spreading, folded into minute points in the sinuses, verrucose,
moderately covered with short and long papillae-like hairs
and a few fixed clavate or capitate hairs towards the sinuses,
and with a row of minute hairs slightly within the margin,
dark purplish-red with a few whitish spots. Corona in two
series, parchment-coloured, lightly stained with red ; outer
corona crater- or cup-like, 5-lobed, each lobe deeply bifid,
thus apparently 10-lobed, with or without a minute point
in the sinuses ; inner corona 5-lobed, attached on the back to
the outer corona ; lobes slightly exceeding the anthers,
gibbous on the back and each with a minute, 0-5 mm. long,
emarginate lobe spreading slightly between the outer corona
lobes. R. A. Dyer.
Plate 600. — Fig. 1, part of corolla enlarged ; Fig. 2, side view of the
outer corona with small emarginate processes from the inner corona showing
between ; Fig. 3, vertical view of corona ; Fig. 4, cross-section of inner
corona-lobe incumbent on a filament.
F.P.S.A., 1935.
INDEX TO VOLUME XV