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THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF

SOUTH AFRICA.

A MAGAZINE CONTAINING HAND-COLOUBBD FIGURES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OP THE

FLOWERING PLANTS INDIGENOUS TO SOUTH AFRICA.

EDITED BY

I. B. POLE EVANS, C.M.G., M.A., LL.D., D.Sc.,

IBibision of SnUuah-B, JBepartment of HgricuUu«, Pretoria;

anlj JBirector of tJje ISotanical Surbeg of ®nion of Sout^ 'Africa,

(Published with the Assistance of the Carnegie Corporation of New York)

VOL. XIX

The veld which lies so desolate and bare

Will blossom into cities white and fair,

And pinnacles will pierce the desert air,

And sparkle in the sun.

R. C. Magpie’s “ Ex Unitate Vires."

L. REEVE & CO., Ltd.,

LLOYDS BANK BUILDINGS, BANK STREET, ASHFORD, KENT

SOUTH AFRICA:

J. L. VAN SCHAIK LTD.

P.O. BOX 724, PRETORIA

PBINTBD IN GREAT BEITArN

TO

HENRY GEORGES EOURCADE

D.SC., F.E.S.S.Am.,

OF

WITTE ELS BOSCH, CAPE PROVINCE,

FORESTER, BOTANIST, LAND SURVEYOR

THIS VOLUME IS GRATEFULLY DEDICATED IN RECOGNITION

OF HIS SEVERAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANICAL SCIENCE

AND PARTICULARLY FOR HIS VALUABLE EXPLORATORY

WORK ON THE FLORA OF KNYSNA AND THE NEIGHBOURING

DIVISIONS IN THE PROVINOE OF THE CAPE OF GOOD HOPE.

Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria,

October, 1939.

Digitized by the Internet Archive

in 2016

https://archive.org/detaiis/fioweringpiantso19unse

r 2 7

C.Letty del.

Plate 721.

STAPELIA AEENOSA.

Cape Province.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.

Stapeua Linn. ; Benth. et Rook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.

Stapelia arenosa Luckhoff in S. Afr. Gardening and Country Life,

1935, p. 96.

' Stapelia arenosa was described for the first time as recently

as May 1935, by Carl Luckhoff in South African Gardening

and Country Life. At the same time the author described a

very closely alhed species, S. Beukmanii. Since that name

had been used previously, the plant was renamed S. stulti-

tioides Luckhoff in the second edition of The Stapelieae by

White and Sloane, 1937, vol. 2, p. 452. Referring to S.

stultitioides, Carl Luckhoff drew attention to its affinity with

the two genera Caralluma R. Brown and Stultitia Phillips.

This is by no means an isolated instance in the Stapelieae

wherein a species shows intermediate characters between

related genera. The decision in favour of placing the species

in Stapelia was well founded. The characters given by the

author in distinguishing S. arenosa from S. stultitioides are

the smaller flowers and the absence of a corolla-annulus,

“ but instead just a faint thickening of the disk There is

also a shght difference in the shape of the outer corona-lobes.

An examination of Figs. 389-391 in White and Sloane, Z.c.,

emphasises the similarities of the two species. One is left

with the impression that the two plants may be forms of one

variable species. This view has support since both were

discovered in the Clanwilliam district and neither form has

been recorded elsewhere. In order to throw further hght on

the problem, field work should be carried out during the

flowering period. On the assumption that it is one variable

species, the name S. arenosa has priority over S. stultitioides.

The plant (Dyer & Verdoom, No. 3749) illustrated here was

collected in July 1937 on a botanical expedition arranged by

Mr. G. W. Rejoiolds. It was located in the Doom River

valley, along the road from Clanwilliam to Calvinia, growing

on a rocky slope among shmblets. The area is rich in succu-

lents, and in a small area Haworthia sp. Hoodia sp. Crassula

sp. and Caralluma incarnata N. E. Br. were seen in plenty.

As with most of the other succulents, Stapelia arenosa was

then not in flower, and it was not imtil cuttings flowered at

the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria, in Febmary of this

year that its identity was estabhshed. The newly opened

flowers show very little thickening on the united portion of

the corolla, but the incipient annulus becomes slightly more

prominent with age.

Description ; — Stems tufted, up to about 10 cm. high, branched to-

wards the base, 1-1-5 cm. thick, 4-angled, dull green, shortly pubescent;

leaves rudimentary. Peduncles 2 or more on each stem arising from between

the ridges. FUrwers 2-4 together, opening successively. Pedicels about

5 mm. long, pubescent. Sepals about as long or slightly shorter than the

pedicels, oblong-lanceplate, recurved towards the apex, pubescent on upper

and lower surfaces. CoroUa 3-3-6 cm. in diameter, outer surface pubescent

and each lobe with a central rib, inner surface rugose, glabrous, mostly

dark purple but whitish mottled round the corona, the united portion more

or less flat with an incipient annulus; lobes spreading, 1-5-1-75 cm. long,

8-9 mm. wide at the base. Outer corona lobes 1-5 mm. long, ovate, sub-

acute, furnished with a few hairs ; inner corona lobes partly incumbent on

the backs of the anthers with erect tips and dorsal wing- like processes

radiating nearly the same distance as the outer corona lobes. (National

Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 23,391.) — R. A. Dyer.

Plate 721. — Fig. 1, staminal column with inner and outer coronas.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

722

C.Letty del.

Plate 722.

CARALLUMA pruinosa.

Little Namaqualand.

Asclepiadaceab. Tribe Stapelieae.

Caballtjma R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 782.

Caralluma pruinosa N. E. Brown, in Gard. Chron. vol. xii. p. 370,

1892; FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 881 (1909).

Little Namaqualand, the home of Caralluma pruinosa,

is now within comparatively easy reach of the Cape Peninsula

by road, but this was certainly not the case in Masson’s time.

Masson collected the type plant towards the end of the

eighteenth century “ from dry parts of Namaqualand among

shrublets ”. It was not until it flowered at Kew in 1796,

however, that he described and flgured it (page 24 and Plate 41)

in his book Stapeliae Novae under the name Stapelia pruinosa.

Nearly one hundred years later N. E. Brown transferred it to

the genus Caralluma.

The specimen flgured now was discovered on the same

expedition mentioned under Plate 721 referring to Stapelia

arenosa, in a similar environment to that recorded by Masson.

It was about 15 miles north-west of Steinkopf, on a rocky

hillside which forms part of the Koosies Mountains. This

was one of the good flnds of the expedition. Incidentally the

trip was most interesting to all members of the party, since

none had any personal Imowledge of that area, including the

remote part known as the Richtersveld, which was penetrated

under the able guidance of Mr. Piet van Heerde of Springbok.

The interior surface of the flowers of Caralluma pruinosa

is covered with short, white, curly hairs which give it the

appearance of “ white hoar-frost ”, on which feature Masson

based the name. Unlike the majority of the Stapelieae, the

younger branches of this species are generously covered with

flowers during a period of three or four months (based on

observations at the National Herbarium, Pretoria, where our

specimens flowered in 1937-38). The colour of the flowers, apart

from the white hairs, was very dark purple or nearly black.

For this reason there was some doubt as to whether it should

be referred to the variety nigra Luckhoff. Since the colour

varies somewhat in most species of this group as a whole,

the difference between the typical form, which is dark purple-

brown, and the variety, which is black, seems insufficient in

itseff to warrant varietal separation. The supporting character

of the variety given by the author is the slightly smaller

size of the flower, but this also is a variable character even

on the same plant. It is a matter of personal choice whether

one uses the varietal name or not and posssibly the writer will

be accused in this and in other cases of holding too broad a

view of species.

Description : — A bushy succulent usually about 25 cm. high, greyish-

green, tinged with purple ; branches towards the base up to 2-5 cm. thick,

4-sided with the faces almost flat or with a central groove ; angles rounded,

in the young stage furnished with rudimentary leaves. Flowers produced

towards the ends of the branches between the angles in groups of 2-3, rarely

solitary, opening successively, shortly pedicellate. Sepals 1 mm. long,

lanceolate, acute. Corolla in bud 5-angled, obtuse, when expanded about

1 cm. in diam., very dark purple or nearly black and vdth white curly hairs

on the upper surface; lobes 4 mm. long, deltoid-lanceolate. Outer corona

lobes united into a tube 1-5 mm. deep, 2 mm. diam., white below merging

into reddish-black above, bifid; inner corona lobes 1-25 mm. long, oblong,

minutely notched at the apex, incumbent on the backs of the anthers and

slightly exceeding them. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 23,392.) —

R. A. Dyer.

Plate 722. — Fig. 1, longitudinal section of flower; 2, staminal column

surrounded by outer and inner coronas.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7 23

Plate 723.

EUPHORBIA WooDii.

Natal,

Etjphorbiaceae. Tribe Euphorbieae.

Euphorbia L. ; Benth. et Rook. f. Oen. Plant, vol iii. p. 258.

Euphorbia Woodii N. E. Br. in FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 2, p. 315

(1915).

In the text dealing with Euphorbia gatbergensis under

Plate 649 of this work, reference was made to E. Woodii.

It was stated that the plants known by the names E. Woodii

and E. passa, both published for the first time by Brown in

the Flora Capensis, Vol. 5, pt. 2, pp. 315 and 313 respectively,

are not specifically distinct. The differences noted by the

author are inconstant under natural conditions. The name

E. Woodii was given by Brown to plants collected near

Durban by Dr. J. Medley Wood, founder and for many years

curator of the Natal Herbarium, Durban. The name E.

passa was given to a plant with an interesting history.

According to Brown it was introduced into cultivation by

Cooper (his father-in-law) in 1862. It was first figured under

the name E. pugniformis Boiss. Later, after changing owner-

ship, the identical plant was figured as E. procumbens Mill.,

an earlier synonym of E. pugniformis Boiss. Subsequently

Brown showed these identifications to be incorrect and

renamed the plant E. passa. Cooper, however, could not

remember definitely the locality in which he had collected

the plant. It was not until Medley Wood sent photographs

and branches in fluid of a plant collected near Scottsburg,

which agreed in every essential respect with Cooper’s plant,

that Brown felt justified in locahsing the species. His con-

jecture had strong support, since Cooper had collected plants

extensively on the Natal coast during 1862. Medley Wood

was thus intimately associated with both E. passa and E.

Woodii. Hence in selecting the specific epithet to include

both forms, E. W oodii seemed the obvious choice.

The plant figured here was collected by ]\Ir. Kuschke at Park

Rynie, forty miles south of Durban, Natal, and was transferred

by him to a rockery in Magahesberg, Transvaal. The illustra-

tion was made when it flowered in the following February.

The headquarters of the species appears to be near Park

Rjmie, where it grows commonly in the short runner grass,

Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richt. on the sand dunes.

In addition to moisture-laden sea breezes, E. Woodii is

influenced by an average annual rainfall of about 40 inches.

It is not altogether surprising, therefore, that under cultiva-

tion it is tolerant of more liberal w'atering than the majority

of South African succulent plants. In fact, if the water

supply is reduced too drastically, all the branches shrivel and

fall off at one time. Under natural conditions only a few of

the older branches die off annually. The branches vary

considerably in length and thickness, depending on the site.

Only rarely, and then probably due to injury, does the main

body of the plant branch.

Description : — A dwarf mccvlent. Stem or body of the plant mostly

below ground passing insensibly into a slender root, obconic up to 12 or

15 cm. thick, producing a series of branches from the circumference of the

truncate or slightly depressed tuberculate central area; the tubercles

radiating from the centre or from a central groove, persisting on the older

portions of the stem. Branches 20-40, up to about 20 cm. long, 1-1-5 cm.

thick, cylindric, tuberculate, bright green ; tubercles rhomboid, about 1 cm.

long, bearing rudimentary leaves towards the apex ; leaves linear, acute,

concave above. Involucres on peduncles 0-3-1 -5 cm. long, borne both on

the branches and on the central branchless area in the axils of tubercles,

cup-shaped, glabrous Tvith 5 glands and 5-fringed lobes; peduncles rarely

persisting more than one season; glands horizontally spreaxiing, 2-2-5 mm.

in their greater diam., somewhat transversely oblong or elliptic oblong,

entire or crenate on the outer margin which may also be more deeply notched

about the middle, yellow. Ovary 3-angled, thinly pubescent with long

hairs, subsessile or very shortly pedicellate; styles united into a stout

column with broad obcordate recurved-spreading stigmas. Capsule

obtusely 3-angled, about 7 mm. diam., seed rugose, brown-black. (National

Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 23,396.) — R. A. Dyer.

Plate 723. — Figs. 1 and 3, terminal portions of mature branches; 2,

young branch ; 4, cyathium ; 5, gynoecium.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

C.Letty del-

Plate 724.

STAPELIA WooDii.

Natal.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.

Stapelia lAnn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.

Stapelia Woodii N. E. Br. in Gard. Chron. vol. xi. p. 554 (1892) ; FI.

Cap. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 974 (1909).

It will be observed that two plants named in honour of

Dr. J. Medley Wood appear in this part. The other, Euphorbia

Woodii, may be seen on Plate 723. Stapelia Woodii was

discovered by Medley Wood about the year 1890 near Noods-

berg, New Hanover district. Natal. Specimens from there

were described by N. E. Brown in the Gardeners’ Chronicle

in 1892, but it was not figured until 1937, when, by permission

of the Bentham Trustees, a drawing by M. Smith was repro-

duced by White and Sloane in Stapelieae. Within recent

years the species has been recorded both in the Weenen and

Estcourt districts of Natal. The specimen figured here was

received from the former locality by Mr. J. E. Repton, whose

plant flowered in Pretoria in February 1938. Like many

other members of the Stapelieae, the species flourishes best

in the field under the protection of scrub bushes which afford

moderate shade.

As has been pointed out in other works, the coronal

structure of Stapelia Woodii shows a decided affinity with

that of species of Caralluma. On the other hand, the convex

disk, which supports the corona, is strongly reminiscent of

the disk of Duvalia. It is interesting to note that the nearest

related species, Stapelia Molonyae White et Sloane, is found

about 1500 miles farther north in Kenya.

Description : — A small succulent plant forming small

clumps of stems up to about 9 cm. high and 1*5 cm. thick,

4-angled with ascending spreading teeth, light green sometimes

mottled; teeth sharply pointed at first, occasionally with

two small points below the apex, withering with age and

then obtuse. Flowers 3 or more, successively produced from

near the base of the young branches. Pedicels 2-3 cm.

long, glabrous. Sepals 5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute,

glabrous. Corolla about 3-5 cm. in diameter with a raised

disk supporting the corona, the lobes spreading horizontally,

glabrous on both surfaces, rugose on the inner surface, more

or less 5 cm. long, and 8 mm. broad at the base, ovate, sub-

acute, ciliate with dark purple clavate vibratile hairs, almost

black above. Outer corona-lobes horizontally spreading, 1*5

mm. long, 1*5 mm. broad, almost quadrate, irregularly and

bluntly toothed at the apex, with 2 ridges and canaliculate

down the middle, dark purple brown ; inner corona-lobes

incumbent on the backs of the anthers, connivent, produced

into short subulate suberect points at the apex, ovate at the

base, with a short blunt tubercle, purple-brown. (National

Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 24,196.) — R. A. Dyer.

Plate 724, — Fig. 1, cross section of corolla disk, 2, outer and inner

corona-lobes.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

k

72 5

C.Letty del.

Plate 725.

HABENARIA malacophylla.

Cafe Province, Transvaal.

Orchid ACE AE. Tribe Ophbydeae.

Habenaeia Willd. ; Benth. et Hook. /. Oen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 624.

Habenaria malacophylla Reichb. f. Otia Bot. Hamb. vol. ii. p. 97 ;

FI. Gap. vol. V. sect. 3, p. 126.

The specimen figured was collected by Mr. A. E. Grewcock

at Haenertsburg in the north-eastern Transvaal. The species

was found in imdergrowth close to the edge of the forest,

and was associated with Disperis Fanniniae and Liparis

Bowkeri, which we illustrated on Plates 308 and 587 re-

spectively.

Habenaria malacophylla, like several other species of

orchids, has a wide range of distribution. It was collected

on the Katberg in the Stockenstroom district, and extends

northwards through the Transkei, Griqualand East, Natal,

to the mountains of the north-eastern Transvaal. The species

has also been recorded from east and west tropical Africa.

On the Haenertsburg the species is found in flower during

the month of February.

Description : — ^A herb 30-50 cm. high with ovoid tubers

about 3 cm. long. Leaves 7-8, cauline, 5-12 cm. long, 2^

cm. broad, sessile, elhptic-lanceolate, sub-acuminate, glabrous.

Inflorescence 15-30-flowered, 10-16 cm. long, somewhat

lax. Bracts about 1*5 cm. long, gradually decreasing in

size upwards, narrowly ovate-lanceolate. Flowers green.

Pedicel (including ovary) up to 1*5 cm. long. Dorsal sepal

about 5 mm. long, ovate, obtuse or minutely emarginate;

lateral sepals 6 mm. long, spreading, obhquely ovate-oblong.

Lateral petals 2-partite; upper lobe Hnear-oblong, subacute,

adpressed to the inner margin of the dorsal sepal ; lower lobe

subfihform, curved; lip about 6 mm. long, 3-lobed, with the

lobes filiform and with the two lateral lobes spreading and

sHghtly shorter than the middle lobe; spur about 1 cm.

long, curved. Column 2 mm. long; stigmas nearly 2 mm.

long, oblong, obtuse. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No.

21,055).

Plate 725. — Fig. 1, front view of complete flower; 2, dorsal sepal;

3, lateral sepal ; 4, lateral petal ; 5, lip with spur ; 6, anthers and stigmas.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 726.

WATSONIA BULBILLIFERA

Cape Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Miller ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia bulbillifera Mathews et L. Bolus in Annals of the Bolus

Herb. vol. iii. p. 140.

This Watsonia was collected at Joostenberg in the Paarl

Division, and has flowered in the National Botanic Gardens,

Kdrstenbosch, for many years. For the horticulturist it is

not so successful as many of the other species, owing to its

tall lax spikes, with few flowers open at one time, but to the

botanist it is one of the most interesting species. It is closely

aUied to W. Meriana Miller, which is fairly frequent on parts

of the Cape Peninsula and extends up the west coastal belt

as far as Van Rhjmsdorp ; but whereas W. Meriana occasion-

ally produces a few bulbils in the axils of the lower leaves,

W. bulbillifera produces them in great numbers in the axils

of the upper cauline leaves and bracts. Few capsules are

formed, these usually producing only one or two ripe seeds,

and in the axil of the same bract a few bulbils are nearly

always found.

The internal structure of a bulbil is exaetly like that of a

young corm. As the flowering stem dries the bulbils fall to

the ground and give rise to new plants.

DESCRiPTioisr : — Plant up to 2*1 metres, usually about 1-8

m. high ; stem 0-9-Fl cm. diam. Corm more or less placenti-

form, 7 cm. long, 4 cm. diam., tunics composed of thick

fibres. Leaves 5-6, basal, ensiform, 52-63 cm. long, up to

6 cm. broad; 3-5 cauline, sheath up to 23 em. long, free

part up to 14 em. long, uppermost up to 6 cm. long. In-

florescence lax, 49-5-64 cm. long; internodes 3-4 cm. long,

branched, branches scarcely diverging, the lowest up to

53 cm. long, the upper up to 8 cm. long, a few additional

1 -flowered branches above. Bract membranous in upper half,

2’2-l*7 cm. long. Bracteoles completely fused, as long as

bract. Perianth patent-erect, brick-red, pale outside, inside

of tube longitudinally white-striped, 6-7 cm. long, expanded

flower 3*4 cm. diam. ; lower part of tube filiform, 1*8 cm.

long, 3-5 mm. diam., upper part cylindrical, patent, up to

2*5 cm. long, 1 cm. diam. at mouth; segments scarcely

patent, concave, 2-4 cm. long, exterior oblong, 1-3 cm. broad,

interior obovate, slightly lobed at base, 1-4 cm. broad. Stamens

arcuate, filaments 3-2 cm. long, anthers dark purple, exserted,

1 cm. long, pollen pale purple. Stigma just exserted ; capsule

cylindrical, 3 cm, long, 6 mm. diam., very rarely produced.

Bulbils obliquely globose, rostrate, up to 2-4 cm. long, 1-5

cm. diam. at base, in fascicles (up to 28 to a fascicle) in axils

of upper cauline leaves and bracts and borne to apex of

flowering stem. (National Botanic Gardens, No. 707/13.

T>q)e in Bolus Herbarium.) — G. J. Lewis.

Plate. 726. — Fig. 1, plant, reduced; 2, corm, reduced; 3, upper part

of leaf; 4, flowering spike; 5, flower laid open; 6, single style branch;

7, ripe capsule and bulbils; 8, half section of bulbil, longitudinal; 9, ripe

seed.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

f.

72 7

G.J. Lewis del.

Plate 727.

POLYSTACHYA zuluensis.

Zululand.

Oechtdaceae. Tribe Vandeae.

PoLYSTACHYA Hook. Exot. FI. t. 103 ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant.

vol. iii. p. 540.

Polystachya zuluensis L. Bolus, sp. nov.

Planta ad 36 cm. alta in Vellozia sp. epiphytica, racemo terminali

fnictifero foliisque emarcidis dum racemi laterales in vagrnis canlinis orientes

florent. PseudobulJbi multi crebri, anguste ovati, l*^2-7 cm. longi, basi

ad 1-2 cm. diam. ; hornotinus florens viridis, vaginis 5 siccis conspicue

venosis apice truncatis l’7-2-4 cm. longis vestitus. Caulis omnino vestitus,

strictus, gracilis, ad 3 mm. diam., vaginis 2-3 basaUbus truncatis, e reUquis

foliorum disarticulatorum compositis 0-8-1 cm. longis, superioribus acutis

vel obtusis membranaceis brunneis ad 5 cm. longis. Folia ad 6 visa, basi

arte imbricata, inferiora patentia, superiora fere erecta, laminis condu-

pHcatis linearibus superne leviter angustatis obtusis laete viridibus politis,

textura firma, nervis primariis 5 inconspicuis 1-1-11-5 cm. longis ad 8 mm.

latis. Racemus terminalis 3-5 cm. longus, ad 12-florus, floribus blacims,

rhacbilla pubescente, setis patentibus brevibus; laterales 6-7. Bracteae

late ovatae vel suborbiculares, 3-1 mm. longae. Pedicelli breves, fructiteri

ad 8 mm. longi, parce pubescentes. Sepalum impar Hneare, superne angusta-

tum, obtusum, 7 mm. longum, basi 2-5 mm. latum; lateraUa patentia,

oblique ovata vel oblique oblonga, dimidio superiore angustata, cum impari

basi parce pUosa, ad 4 mm. lata. Petala oblongo-obovata, 7 mm. longa,

ad 3 mm. lata. Labellum circuitu late obovatum, obscure trUobum, lobis

rotundatis 6 mm. longis ad 5 mm. latis. Golumna lat. visa superne ampliata,

3 mm. longa, pede producto 3 mm. longo. Anthera suborbicidaris. Capsula

cylindrica, ad 2-5 cm. longa ad 3 mm. diam.

ZuEULAND : Ubombo, Gerstner, National Botanic Gardens, No. 864/33.

The plant described was discovered by the Rev. J.

Gerstner and communicated in flower by the Natal Herbarium

in May 1933. A portion of the plant was grown at Kirsten-

bosch and leaves were produced on one pseudobulb in Decem-

ber 1933. The flowers are among the medium-sized in the

South African species of Polystachya, and it differs from the

rest of these chiefly in its straight and slender reed-like habit

of growth and its more numerous leaves. About six of the

South African species have been figured, the last being P.

transvaalensis Schltr. in Plate 297 of this work.

Desceiption : — Plant up 36 cm. high, epiphytic on Vellozia sp., the

terminal raceme in fruit and the leaves withered while the lateral racemes,

arising in the axils of the cauline sheaths, are in bud or flower. Pseudobulbs

many, crowded, narrowly ovate, 1-5-2-7 cm. long, base up to 1-2 cm. diam. ;

the current year’s flowering pseudobulb green, clothed with 5 dry con-

spicuously veined sheaths, truncate at the apex, 1-7-2 *4 cm. long. Stem

entirely invested with sheaths, straight, slender, up to 3 mm. diam., the 2-3

basal sheaths composed of the remains of the disarticulated leaves, 0-8 —

1 cm. long, the upper ones acute or obtuse, membranous, brown, up to 5 cm.

long. Leaves as many as 6 seen, closely imbricating at base, the lower

spreading, the upper almost erect, the blades folded in the middle, linear,

slightly narrowed upwards, obtuse, bright green, polished, the texture firm,

the primary nerves 5, inconspicuous, 1-1-11-5 cm. long, up to 8 mm. broad.

Terminal raceme 3-5 cm. long, up to 12-fl. ; flowers mauve or lilac ; the rhachilla

pubescent with short spreading hairs ; lateral racemes 6-7. tracts broadly

ovate or suborbicular, 3-1 mm. long. Pedicels short in the flowering stage,

elongated to 8 mm. in fruit, sparingly pubescent. Odd sepal linear, narrowed

upwards, obtuse, 7 mm. long, 2-5 mm. broad at the base; lateral sepals

spreading, obliquely ovate or oblong, narrowed in the upper half, like the

odd sepjJ sparingly pilose at the base, up to 4 mm. broad. Petals oblong-

obovate, 7 mm. long, to 3 mm. broad. Lip broadly obovate in outline,

obscurely 3-lobed ; the lobes rounded, 6 mm. long, up to 5 mm. broad.

Column viewed laterally widened upwards, 3 mm. long, the foot produced

for 3 mm. Anthers suborbicular. Capsule cylindric, up to 2-5 cm. long,

3 mm. diam. (National Botanic Gardens, No. 864/33). — L. Bolus.

Plate 727. — Fig. 1, portion of plant with one pseudobulb in leaf;

2, an immature pseudobulb; 3, pseudobulb in flower; 4, withered leaves

disjointed from the latter — natural size; 5, bract, X 3; 6, fl., side view,

X 2 ; 7, fls., front view from difierent angles, x 3 ; 8, fl., sepals and petals

removed, side view, x 3; 9, odd sepal; 10, side sepal; 11, petal; 12, lip,

X 2; 13, column, side view; 14, do., front view, foot removed, x 5; 15,

do., anther removed, x 7 ; 16, poUinarium, enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

G.J. Lewis del.

Plate 728.

EULOPHIA ANTENNATA.

Zululand.

Orchidaceae. Tribe Vandeae.

Eulophia R. Br. ex Bindley in Bot. Reg. sub t. 686 (1823) ; Benth. et Hookf.

Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 535.

Eulophia antennata ScMechter in Engl. Bot. JaJirb. vol. xxvi. p. 334;

Rolfe in Dyer FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 2, p. 42.

This species is among the least known of the South African

Eulo'pJiiae. For no collection appears to have been recorded

since Schlechter’s discoveries were made, until the plant

figured here was sent to us by Mr. H. Herre, Curator of the

Stellenbosch University Botanic Gardens, in April, 1936.

It was sent by Mrs. H. W. Bell Marley in December 1935

from Togoland, North Zululand. The plant has been com-

pared with a specimen in the Bolus Herbarium of the collec-

tion from Inyamasan, Delagoa Bay {Schlechter 12,075),

named by Schlechter E. antennata, with which it agrees

fairly well except in its shorter stature and more luxuriantly

developed leaves. The type-specimens are described as

being “ 1-2 feet in height ”, and the leaves “ reduced to short

hnear acuminate sheaths situated at the base of the stem,

palhd ”. Schlechter also remarks that it is a “ pallid and half-

saprophytic leafless herb ”.

It is unusual in the genus, as represented in South Africa,

to find the sepals so greatly exceeding the petals in length;

and even more remarkable is their erect or nearly erect

position, which no doubt suggested a resemblance to the

antennae of insects and accounts for the specific name.

Description : — Plant 18 cm. high. Leaves 3 fully pro-

duced, the basal sheath-like, not fully developed during the

flowering-period; blade linear, tapering downwards, acumin-

ate ; primary nerves 3, 2-5-16 cm. long, up to 8 mm. broad.

Scape 14-17 cm. long, up to 2 mm. diam. ; sheath 1, placed

below the middle or a little above the base of the scape,

6-8 mm. long. Raceme in early stage of development 4 cm.

long, lax. Bracts acuminate, 6-8 mm. long. Sepals erect

or suberect, converging towards the apex, narrow-spathulate,

2 cm. long, up to 3 mm. broad; side sepals sHghtly oblique.

Petals directed forwards, linear-oval, 1'3-1*5 cm. long, to

4 mm. broad. Lip inferior, oblong in outline, 2 cm. long

including the spur 3^ mm. long, up to 1 cm. broad, lobed

from above the middle, the side lobes rounded, the middle

lobe truncate, the 3-5 verrucose keels extending to about

the middle of the lobe, inconspicuously crested. Column

8 mm. long; anther suborbicular in outline, constricted a

little above the middle, gland of orbicular pollinia arcuate. —

L. Bolus. (Stellenbosch University Botanic Gardens, 846.)

Plate 728. — Fig. 1, portion of plant with one pseudobulb in leaf; 2,

portion of plant in flower — nat. size ; 3, flower, side view ; 4, odd sepal ;

5, side sepal; 6, petal; 7, lip; 8, ditto, from another flower; 9, column

and ovary, side view; 10, column, front view, x 2 ; 11, column, front view,

anther removed, x 3 ; 12, anther, x 5 ; 13, pollinarium, x 7.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

y29

M, Walgate iel.

Plate 729.

NEOBAKERIA heterandea.

Cape Province.

Lujaceae. Tribe Scilleae.

Neobakeeia Schltr. in Notizblatt. Bot. Oart. Berlin, vol. ix. p. 149 (1924).

Neobakeria heterandra Isaac, sp. nov. ad N. Visseriae Barnes affinis sed

foUis pustulatis et staminibus differt.

Bulbuls ovoideus ad 1-4 cm. diam., tunicis membranaceis brunneis. Folia

2, subbumistrata, ovata, apice acuta, supra pustuHs albis ornata, cum vagina

ad 3-5 cm. longa, ad 1-3 cm. lata. Pedunculus in vaginis foUorum inclusus.

Corymbus compressus, 2-6-florus. Bracteae spatbulatae apicibus acutae,

inferiores 1-5 cm. longae, 2-5 mm. latae, superiores paullo minores. Pedicelli

albi vel roseo-albi, gracUes, circa 7 mm. longi. Perianthium album vel

roseum, tube cylindrico, superne baud ampbato, ad 1-7 cm. longo, 1-5 mm.

diam., segmentis spatbulatis subacutis ad 6 mm. longis 1-5 mm. latis.

Filamenta basi per 1 mm. connata, in fauce tubi inserta inaequilonga, 3

exteriora periantbia superantia, circa 8-5 mm. longa, cum basi connata,

3 interiora baud segmentis longiora circiter 6-5 mm. longa, antberae atratae,

minutae. Stylus cyUndricus demum stamina superans stigmate minuto.

Ovarium viride, 4 mm. longum, 1-5 mm. diam.

VUiLiEESDOEP, Caledon Drv. Stokoe, in Bolus Herb. 22,309.

The genus Neobakeria, created by Schlechter in 1924,

consists of those species of Polyxena which formed the sub-

genus Astemma. This subgenus was considered distinct by

Baker, who notes in his monograph in the Flora Capensis

that he regarded it as more closely related to Massonia.

Neobakeria is differentiated from Polyxena by the possession

of uniseriate stamens.

When Schlechter founded the genus it comprised seven

species : six new combinations and one new species — namely,

Neobakeria namaquensis Schltr. Since then Neobakeria Vis-

seriae Barnes has been described from the Clanwilham Division.

Under the name Polyxena a plate and description of Neo-

bakeria haemanthoides (Bak.) Schltr. appeared in this work

in 1922 (Plate 56).

For our material we are indebted to Mr. T. P. Stokoe, one

of the most indefatigable collectors of the high mountain

flora of the south-western Cape. The bulbs were collected

in flower on the Louw’s Hoek Mountain near Villi ersdorp,

Caledon Division, in April 1938.

Descbiption : — Bulb ovoid, up to 1-4 cm. diam. covered with brown

membranous tunics. Leaves 2, prostrate or ascending, ovate, apex acute,

vaginate for 1 cm. at the base, the upper surface dotted with white pustules

up to 3-5 cm. long (including the vaginate base), 1-3 cm. broad. Peduncle

included. Corymb compressed, 2-6 flowered. Bracts spathulate with acute

apices, the lower 1-5 cm. long, 2-5 mm. broad, the upper slightly smaller.

Pedicels white or whitish-pink, slender, about 7 mm. long. Perianth white or

pink, tube cylindrical, scarcely widened at the throat, up to 1-7 cm. long,

1-5 mm. diam. segments spathulate subacute up to 6 mm. long, 1-5 mm.

broad. Filaments connate for 1 mm. at the base, inserted in the throat of

the tube, unequal, 3 outer filaments overtopping the perianth-segments

about 8-5 mm. long (including the connate basal portion), 3 inner scarcely

longer than the perianth-segments, about 6-5 cm. long., anthers small, black.

Style cylindrical at length overtopping the stamens, stigma small. Ovary

green, 4 mm. long, 1-5 mm. broad. — F. M. Isaac.

Plate 729. — Fig. 1, plant, X 1 ; 2, flower; 3, flower; 4, upper bract,

X 2 ; 5, flower, tube opened, x 3 ; 6, gynoecium, x 3 ; 7, perianth-segment,

X 4 ; 8, stigma and tip of style, X 10 ; 9, leaf surface, x 6 ; 10, pustule,

X 10.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

y3o

C. Letty deL

Plate 730.

CRATEROSTIGMA Wilmsh.

Transvaal, Orange Free State.

ScROPHULARiACEAE. Tribe Geatioleae.

CRATEROSTIGMA Hochst. / Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii, p. 954.

Craterostigma Wilmsii Engl, ex Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. 26, p. 122 ;

FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 2, p. 361.

On Plate 106 we figured a species of Craterostigma {G.

plantagineum) which differs from that illustrated on the

accompanying plate in having blue flowers. So far as our

records go, C. Wilmsii appears to be confined to South Africa

and to the higher altitudes of the eastern Orange Free State

and the north-eastern Transvaal. The specimen figured

was collected in January 1938 by Miss A. M. Bottomley, B.A.,

at Donkerpoort, east of Pretoria, and constitutes a new

locality record. Like the second species mentioned above,

it is well worth cultivation as a green-house plant, as it

requires moist conditions, being a marsh plant in its native

habitat. Miss Bottomley describes the habitat as a gentle

slope with exposed rock surfaces and water seeping down

between the rocks washing down sandy loam. Plants were

growing in profusion and formed a striking picture against

the bare rock. Associated with Craterostigma Wilmsii were

several species of Cyperaceae, a species of Selaginella and a

liverwort, the last having the same habit as the Selaginella

of drying up in winter.

Description : — An acaulescent plant with a scape 12-

17 cm. high. Leaves in a flat basal rosette, 2*5-4 cm. long,

0-5-1-3 cm. broad, lanceolate or lanceolate-ovate, obtuse,

narrowed at the base, flat or somewhat concave on the upper

surface, glabrous above. Scapes 1-3 from each rosette,

simple or branched; bracts opposite, similar to the basal

leaves but smaller. Pedicels as long or shghtly longer than

the bracts, elongating in fruit, shortly pilose. Calyx 1 cm.

long, shortly 5-lobed, with the lobes lanceolate, shortly

pilose. Corolla bilabiate; lower lip dark red, 0*8 cm. long,

1’3 cm. broad, 3-lobed, with the lobes ovate and rounded,

densely hirsute with purphsh hairs at the base; upper lip

white, 0*5 cm. long, 0*5 cm. broad, ovate, concave, notched at

the apex. Stamens in 2 pairs ; the upper pair attached to the

lower lip ; filaments of lower pair attached to a large yellow

cushion, strongly deflexed, then bending upwards, with the

cushion produced down the corolla-lobe as a somewhat

raised line covered with golden hairs; anthers pilose. Ovary

greenish, ovoid, glabrous ; style simple, almost as long as the

lower lip; stigma simple, flattened and broader than the

style. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 24,478).

Plate 730. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 731.

ALOE Framesii.

Cape Province^ Namaqualand.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe Linn., Benth. et Hook. f. Oen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe Framesii L. Bolus in S. Afr. Qard. and Country Life 1933, p. 140,

In the publication “ South African Gardening and Country

Life ” appeared three descriptions of plants belonging to

the genus Aloe — viz. A. Framesii L. Bolus (1933, p. 140) ;

A. amoena Pillans (1933, p. 168); A. khamiesensis Pillans

(1934, p. 25). The plants on which the descriptions were

based were found from Clanwilliam in the south to north of

Port NoUoth in Namaqualand.

Mr. G. W. Reynolds, in July 1937, made a special study

in the veld of plants growing in different localities, and is

inclined to the view that only one species is involved. Mr.

Reynolds is of the opinion that A. Framesii and A. amoena

are conspecific, and that perhaps A. khamiesensis might be

considered a variety of A. Framesii — the difference being

in the habit of growth. Specimens of plants are found on

the sand- veld coastal belt at an altitude of only a few hundred

feet above sea level, and extend to the mountainous areas

30-60 miles inland. In all the localities there is a remarkable

uniformity in the colour of the flowers and the only variations

are found in the habit of growth and the branching of the

inflorescence. The plant we figure was collected by Mr.

Reynolds three miles west of Clanwilliam.

Description : — Acaulescent plant with a basal rosette

of leaves. Leaves up to 31 cm. long, 6 cm, broad at the base,

lanceolate, acuminate, with the margins toothed, with whitish

spots on the upper and under surfaces; teeth about 2 mm.

long, up to 8 mm. apart, reddish. Inflorescence 70 cm. long.

Barren bracts 1*7 cm. long, 1 cm. broad, ovate, acute. Raceme

36 cm. long. Bracts similar to the barren bracts but de-

creasing in size upwards. Pedicels bearing mature flowers

2-5 cm. long. Perianth scarlet red in bud, becoming more

yellow on maturity; segments 3*5 cm. long, 0-9 cm. broad.

Stamens and style slightly exserted. (National Herbarium,

Pretoria, No. 24477.)

Plate 731. — Fig. 1, a bract; 2, median longitudinal section of a

flower.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7 32.

C.Letty del.

Plate 732.

ALOE Davyana var. subolifera.

Transvaal.

Leliaceae. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Oen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe Davyana Schonl. var. subolifera Oroenewald var. nov. in

sectione Saponariae Berger ad A. Davyanam valde accedit sed subolibus

numerosis et inflorescentiae ramorum habitu difiert.

Tbansvaal : Pretoria distr., near Pienaar’s River, Aug. 1936, van der

Merwe in Nat. Herb. 22816.

This Aloe was first recognised by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans,

C.M.G., as distinct from Aloe Davyana, and he suggested at

the time the specific epithet subolifera. It very definitely

merges into A. Davyana (see Plate 358) to the south at the

Wonderboom near Pretoria and to the east at Olif ant’s

River, while to the north near Nylstroom are extensive fields

of plants which sometimes resemble A. Davyana and some-

times t3rpical A. Davyana var. subolifera, and sometimes in

addition have a marked A. Oreatheadii (see Plate 369) ap-

pearance (larger plants, many more racemes which are much

less elongated and often four or more plants have their stems

joined at the base).

The variety here described grows in various parts of the

Pretoria and Rustenburg districts, the most typical habitat

being among the shrubs {Acacia spp., Combretum spp.) which

cover the areas of red sand in the vicinity of Pienaar’s River.

It is also found on the surrounding black turf. The plants

form dense colonies, each consisting of up to one hundred

individuals, and each colony extends itself by forming short

underground suckers, which later form an independent root-

system. When the plants are in flower, all the flowers of

one colony are of one shade of colour; adjacent colonies

differ in the shade of colour of the flowers. The flowers

range in colour from pale pinkish-white, through salmon to

a light vermilion : the paler colours show yellowish stripings

between the perianth-segments. This appears to show that

a new colony may originate as a single plant from a seed.

Another species of Aloe (A. ammophila Reynolds) has a similar

habit, but flowers earlier in the year. Interspersed among

clumps of A. Davy ana var. subolifera are clumps of A. trans-

vaaUnsis (Plate 636) which flower in summer and are further

distinguished by the presence of more distinct cross-markings

on the underside of the leaves.

We are indebted to Dr. F. van der Merwe for the interest-

ing notes on the variety we have described and also for the

specimens from which our plate was prepared.

Description : — Plants acaulescent, suckering, forming colonies. Leaves

many in a dense rosette, 6 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, 1-2 cm. thick, more or less

oblong, slightly convex on both surfaces, pale green beneath, somewhat

maculate above, dying off at the apex so that the green fleshy portion

becomes more or less truncate and tipped with the dry spiny projection up

to 7 cm. long ; teeth about 4 mm. long and 8 mm. apart ; older leaves slightly

larger than as stated above and younger leaves smaller. Inflorescences two

from each rosette of leaves, about 60 cm. high, with 2-3 branches on the

upper half; unbranched portion of peduncle 9 mm. diameter, subterete;

branches slightly curved. Empty bracts 1-5 cm. long, long-acuminate from

an ovate ba.se. Raceme 12-18 cm. long. Pedicels 1-2 cm. long, erect in

bud, recurved in open flowers, again erect in fruit. Perianth 2-7 cm. long,

globose and 6 mm. diameter at the base, then slightly narrowing, and

gradually widening to 9 mm. diameter at the mouth; segments joined

just above the middle ; outer segments 4 mm. broad, with a broad reddish

keel and whitish margins; inner-segments 5-5 mm. broad, with a broad

salmon-coloured keel and yellowish margins. Filaments yellowish, slightly

exserted ; 3 somewhat dilated at the base; anthers dark. Ovary green,

6 mm. long, oblong in outline; style yellowish. Capsule (almost mature)

2-1 cm. long, M cm. diameter, obscurely 3-angled.

Plate 732. — Fig. 1, showing general habit; 2, a bract; 3, median

longitudinal section of the perianth.

■pP-S-A., 1939.

Plate 733.

ALOE SUPRAFOLIATA.

Stmziland, Zululand, Natal.

Liliaceab. Tribe Aloineae.

Aloe Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe suprafoliata Pole Evans in Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Afr. vol. 5. p. 603.

Dr. I. B. Pole Evans, C.M.G., when he described this

species, considered it to be unique in the genus and proposed

a new section Superpositae for it. From specimens collected

in Swaziland and also from specimens grown at the Division

of Plant Industry, Pretoria, Dr. Pole Evans concluded that

the leaves are always distichous, and he described them as

such. In an account of a botanical trip through Swaziland

in 1937 (Cactus and Succulent Society of America vol. 8,

p. 199), Dr. R. A. Dyer, a member of the staff of the National

Herbarium, found the species growing in profusion, and

records that the specimens on reaching maturity have the

characteristic arrangement of the leaves common to most

species of Aloe, but that if a mature plant grows under adverse

conditions, it may revert to its juvenile appearance, i.e. with

distichous leaves.

Since the discovery of the species in Swaziland in the year

1914, Mr. G. W. Reynolds, who collected the specimen we

figure, has recorded it from Zululand and Natal. On the

Gobeni Mountain, 24 miles east of Vryheid, according to Mr.

Reynolds, specimens of the species occur in countless thousands

and they are more numerous there than in any other locality

known to him.

Description : — Leaves dull greyish-green, distichous or

spiral, 32 cm. long, 7-9 cm. broad at the base, 7 mm. thick,

tapering from the base upwards, convex on the back, slightly

concave on the face, with a thin cartilaginous margin on one

side, armed with shghtly upcurved prickles 4-6 mm. long and

1-1*2 mm. apart; prickles dark coloured above. Peduncle

36 cm. long, terete, 1 cm. diameter. Bracts 1*8-3 cm. long,

1*8 cm. broad, oblong-ovate, subacuminate, many veined.

Raceme 3-4 cm. long, cylindric, tapering upwards, with the

lowermost flowers withered and erect, the open flowers

reflexed, and the unopened flowers erect. Bracts 2 cm.

long, 1 cm. broad, elliptic, deeply concave and clasping the

pedicel, with a central herbaceous portion and broad mem-

branous margins. Pedicel 2 cm. long, 2 mm. diameter.

Perianth coral-red, with green tips, 4 cm. long, 7 mm. diameter,

cylindric, very slightly narrowing above and below; outer

segments 6*5 mm. broad ; inner segments 8 mm. broad, with

a central red keel and broad whitish margins. Stamens

almost as long as the perianth ; filaments light yellow ;

anthers dark orange. Ovary dark green, 7 mm. long, 2*5 mm.

diameter, cylindric; style light yellow, slightly shorter than

the filaments ; stigma minute, capitate. (National Herbarium,

Pretoria, No. 24480.)

Plate 733. — Fig. 1, a bract; 2, median longitudinal section of a flower.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7 3<

C.Letty del.

Plate 734.

PTERODISCUS AURANTIACUS.

Transvaal.

Pedauaceab. Tribe Pedalieae.

Ptbrodisctts Hook. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p, 1057.

Pterodiscus aurantiacus Welw. in Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. 27. p. 53 ;

FI. Trop. Afr. vol. 4, sect. 2, p. 543.

We are indebted to Mr. J. E. Repton for the specimen of

Pterodiscus aurantiacus, which he collected during October

1936, near Malips Drift, Pietersburg district, Transvaal.

The specimen was planted at the Division of Plant Industry,

Pretoria, and flowered the following year, when our illustration

was prepared. The genus Pterodiscus is represented by about

14 species, all African; the discovery of P. aurantiacus in

the Transvaal adds a third species to those previously known

from South Africa. P. aurantiacus also occurs in Angola,

South-West Africa, and Amboland. When in the fresh

state the plant has a granulated surface; each granule is

sub-globose and made up of four portions. We flgured

a species (P. speciosus) on Plate 213 which differs from P.

aurantiacus in having purple flowers and fruits that are

emarginate at the apex.

Description : — Stem somewhat fleshy. Branches gre3dsh,

covered with small glands. Leaves opposite, petioled ; petiole

about 1 cm. long, deeply channelled above, convex beneath,

covered with small glands; blades 3-7 cm. long, 1* 1-2*4 cm.

broad, lanceolate, obtuse, with slightly undulating margins,

paler and thickly covered with small glands beneath. Flowers

solitary in the axils of the leaves. Pedicels about 5 mm.

long, granulate, with a small dark-purple gland on either

side. Calyx 5 mm. long, granulate; lobes ovate, sub-acumi-

nate. Corolla-tube reddish brown, 4*5 cm. long, 3 mm.

diameter at the base, 1*1 cm. diameter above, gradually

widening upwards, deeply concave on the lower side, with a

distinct keel on the upper side, densely glandular without,

glabrous within except at the insertion of the stamens,

where it is glandular-hairy. Fertile stamens 4; filaments 1

cm. long, somewhat curved, kneed at the base, with long

glandular hairs on the knee ; anther thecae separated, about

1*5 mm. long, somewhat triangular in outline, with a small

ovate orange-coloured gland between them ; staminode

2 mm. long, curved. Ovary on a thick solid receptacle,

2 mm. long, 1-5 mm. diameter, sub-globose, granulate,

2-chambered, with a single ovule in each chamber; style

2 cm. long, terete, glabrous; stigma 2-lobed, with the lobes

1-5 mm. long, flat and with a sparsely fimbriated membranous

margin. Fruit (immature) 4-winged, 3 cm. long, 3 cm.

broad (from wing to wing), granulated. (National Herbarium,

Pretoria, No. 24479.)

4,

Plate 734. — Fig. 1, corolla laid open ; 2, a single stamen ; 3, gynoecium ;

fruits.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 735.

ZANTEDESCHIA albomaculata.

Cape Province, Transvaal.

Aeacbae. Tribe Philodbndreab.

Zantedbschia Spreng ; {Bichardia Kuntb ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.

Plant, vol. iii. p. 982).

Zantdeschia albomaculata Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Paris, vol. i, p. 254 ;

FI. Cap. vol. 7, p. 37.

In previous volumes (Plates 10, 15, 141) we illustrated

three species under the name Bichardia Kunth. Under the

International Rules of Nomenclature, the genus Zantedeschia

Spreng. must be retained, so that the names of those

species previously figured should be Zantedeschia angustiloba

Engl. ( = B. angustiloba Schott) ; Z. Behmanni Engl. ( = B.

Behmanni N. E. Br.) ; Z. melanoleuca Engl. ( = B. melanoleuca

Hook. f.).

The species here figured differs from Z. Behmanni in the

leaves being hastate at the base, from Z. angustiloba in having

a white spathe; and from Z. melanoleuca in the relatively

long leaf-blade as compared with the breadth. The leaves

of Z. albomaculata are described as spotted, and Hooker in

his description published in the Botanical Magazine (tab.

5140) over seventy-five years ago called it the “ spotted-

leaved Bichardia.’’’’ The spotting, or rather the translucent

patches on the leaves, does not appear to be a permanent

feature of the species.

All the South African species are favourites in horticulture.

Some, especially Z. angustiloba, have a large sale as cut

flowers in Pretoria and Johannesburg during the months of

October to December.

Z. albomaculata is fairly common on the higher altitudes

of the north-eastern Cape Province — e.g., Aliwal North,

Tembuland, Griqualand East. The specimen from which

our illustration was prepared was collected by Miss I. C.

Verdoom at Waterkloof, near Pretoria, and was cultivated

at the Division of Plant Industry where it flowered in November

1934.

Description : — Leaves petioled ; petioles up to 37 cm.

long, 1-2 cm. broad, broadly channelled on the inner face,

strongly convex on the back, sheathing at the base; blade

27-33 cm. long, 12-5-14*5 cm. broad near the base, sagittate

at the base, distinctly apiculate at the apex. Peduncle of

spathe 28-56 cm. long, terete or semi-terete. Spathe creamy

white, greenish at the base, dark purple at the base within,

12-14 cm. long, 6*5-8 cm. broad across the mouth, distinctly

apiculate at the apex. Spadix up to 6*5 cm. long, vath the

upper half bearing male and the lower half female flowers.

Anthers sessile; pollen grains adhering to one another to

form a string-like body. Ovaries sessile, more or less quadrate

seen from above; stigma sessile, capitate. (National Her-

barium, Pretoria, No. 16949.)

Plate 735. — Fig. 1, cross-section of petiole above; 2, cross-section of

petiole at base ; 3, spadix ; 4, stamens with strings of pollen grains ; 6,

ovary showing sessile stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

736

A.M.Tu|well del.

Plate 736.

DISA Begleyi.

Cape Province.

Okchidacbab. Tribe Ophbydeab.

Disa Bergius, Descr. Plant. Cap. (1767), p. 348; Benth. et Hook, f., Gen.

Plant, vol. iii. p. 630.

Disa Begleyi L. Bolus in Annals Bolus Herb. vol. i. p. 195.

Since the discovery of this species by H. V. Begley in

January 1915, on a plateau of the Hottentotsholland Moun-

tains, south of Sneeuwkop, at an altitude of 4000 to 4500

feet, only one other collection is known to us — ^namely, that

of Travers Jackson made in December 1915 on “ the Stellen-

bosch Mountains.” The plant, though small of stature,

has a fairly large and dense cluster of moderately sized,

richly coloured, pink flowers, which places it among the

showy orchids of the mountains in the Western Province;

and it is remarkable that so attractive an orchid should have

escaped the more frequent observation of mountaineers and

collectors.

If the classification of the Flora Capensis were followed, this

species would be placed with its affinity, D. hivalvata (L.)

Durand et Schinz, in the genus Orthopenihia Rolfe. Its

retention in Disa is in accordance with the views of Swartz,

Bolus, Schlechter, and Kranzlin.

The Plate represents one of the type-specimens collected

by Mr. Begley.

Description : — Plant 7-12 cm. high. Stem leafy through-

out its length. Leaves erect or ascending, the basal portion

sheathing and covering the internodes, 2-4 cm. long, the blades

lanceolate, gradually narrowed upwards, the uppermost

lanceolate-ovate, acute, up to 2-5 cm. long, 5 mm. broad.

Raceme dense, subcorymbose, 2-5 cm. in diameter, up to

12-fl., flowers ascending. Bracts herbaceous, oblong-ovate

MARY GUN-h; L-8RARY |

SOUTH AfRiCAi^ HATIOHAL BIOCIVTRSlTY INSTITUTE i

PRIVATE S/^GX 101

■ PRETORIA 000 1

REPUBIJCOI- SOin;-i A'^RiCA

or ovato, acute, shorter than the ovary, 0*5-1 -4 cm. long.

Pedicels up to 6 mm. long. Odd se'pal reflexed cucullate;

not compressed, rounded at the apex, spurless, 0*7-0*8 cm.

long; lateral sepals widely spreading, recurved at the apex

or sometimes from a little above the base, 0*7-1 cm. long.

Petals resupinate, inflexed at the apex, suborbicular in out-

line, very shortly clawed, the lamina rounded anticously,

5 mm. long. Lip porrect linear, slightly widened above the

middle, acute, 5 mm. long, up to 1*5 mm. broad. Rostellum

suberect, nearly 2 mm. high, the arms diverging, the inter-

mediate lobe resupinate; anther reflexed. (H. V. Begley ^

Bolus Herbarium, No. 13896.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 736. — Fig. 1, fl., front view; 2, do., back view; 3, do., side view;

4, odd sepal; 5, 6, side sepal, front and back view; 7, 8, petal, front and

back view; 9, lip — X 2; 10, column and lip, side view; 11, column, front

view; 12, pollinium — enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7.9 7

A M. Tugwell del.

Plate 737.

DISA PiLLANSII.

Cape Province.

Oechibaceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.

Disa Bergiua, Descr. Plant. Cap. (1767), p. 348; Benth. et Hook, f., Oen.

Plant, vol. iii. p. 630.

Disa Pillansii L. Bolus in Annals Bolus Herb. vol. ii. p. 32.

The plant represented is one of the type-specimens collected

by N. S. Pillans in October 1915 on the Hottentotsholland

Mountains at Steenbras, near Sir Lowry’s Pass. In November

1923 and again in December 1926 it was found by T. P.

Stokoe in the same area, the latter collection being from the

Kogelberg.

The species is remarkable for the shape of the odd sepal,

in that the margins of the hood turn to meet each other,

forming a vault, and thus partly close the; opening in front,

leaving the latter unusually narrow. Generally in the genus

Disa^ the opening is rounded or obovate. An additional

character in the odd sepal which distinguishes our species

from its allies is the absence of a spur, the latter being replaced

by a hump or broad sac.

Description : — Plant up to 19 cm. high. Leaves 3-4,

basal, erect-spreading, oblong-spathulate or linear, somewhat

leathery, up to 4 cm. long, 1 cm. broad. Scape 2 mm. diam. ;

sheaths 3, acuminate, shorter than the internodes, 2*5-3 cm.

long. Raceme 2-6 fl., flowers ascending. Bracts about as

long as the ovary, 1-1*5 cm. long. Pedicels about 3 mm.

long. Odd sepal erect anticous, deeply hooded or vaulted,

the mouth hnear or oblong, humped at the back near the

middle, 0*8-1 cm. long ; lateral sepals ascending or spreading,

oblong-oval or oblong-obovate, concave keeled, 1-1*4 cm.

long. Petals erect, incurved at the apex, oblong or Hnear-

oblong in outline, slightly narrowed downwards, broadest

near the middle, obtuse, 5-6 mm. long. Lip porrect-ascend-

ing, narrow-linear, obtuse, 5-6 mm. long, scarcely 1 mm.

broad. Rostellum ascending, oblong, 2 mm. long, the middle

lobe reflexed; anther ascending; gland small. Bolus

Herbarium {Pillans 2675.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 737. — Fig. 1, fl., front view, nat. size; 2, odd sepal, front view;

3, do., side view ; 4, side sepal ; 5, petal ; 6, lip — x2 ; 7, column with petals

and lip ; 8, column, front view ; 9, do., side view ; 10, pollinium — variously

enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7S8

B. 0. Carter del.

Plate 738.

DISA TRILOBA.

Cape Province,

Oechidaceab. Tribe Vandeae.

Disa Bergius, Descr. PI. Cap. p. 348 ; Benth. et Hook. f. Oen. Plant, vol. iii.

p. 630.

Disa triloba Lindl. Oen. et Sp. Orch. p. 351 ; Bolus in Journ. Linn.

Soc. vol. XXV. p. 200; Durand et Schinz, Conspect. FI. Afr. vol. v. p. 109;

Krdnzl., Orch. Gen. et Sp. vol. i. p. 772 ; Eolfe in Dyer Flor. Cap. vol. v.

sect. 3. p. 239. D. sagittalis var. triloba Schlechter in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.

vol. xxxi. p. 232.

The type of this species was collected by Drege in the

Worcester Division, on “ mountains near De Liefde ”

between 1826 and 1834. Since then the only collections

recorded are two made by Dr. C. L. Leipoldt — ^namely, in

the Valley of the River Zondereinde in October 1919, and in

the Worcester Division, between Bain’s Kloof and Worcester,

early in November 1928. The drawing represents a plant

from the latter station, which is probably not far from the

type-locality.

The species was pubhshed in 1838, and has been upheld

by all the authorities since that time except Schlechter, who

reduced it to a variety of D. sagittalis Sw. The two species

are closely allied; but the difference in the shape of the odd

sepal affords a good distinguishing character. It is three-

lobed in the upper part, and the lobes are somewhat triangular,

the intermediate one being larger than the lateral ones;

whereas in D. sagittalis the lateral lobes are rounded and large

and the interme^ate one obsolete.

Description : — Plant 6-15 cm. high. Leaves 3-6, rather

withered at time of flowering, the blades oblong or hnear,

acute or abruptly acute, margins undulate, up to 4 cm. long,

7 mm. broad. Scape entirely clothed with 4-7 imbricate

acute veined membranous sheaths. Raceme 6-11 fl., some-

times compact, 2*5-3*5 cm. long ; flowers ascending. Pedicels

4-5 mm. long. Bracts enwrapping the ovary, equalling or

exceeding it in length, oval-oblong, acute or subobtuse,

membranous, conspicuously veined, up to 1*5 cm. long, and

8 mm. broad. Odd se'pal almost erect, oblong-obovate in

outline, slightly cucullate in lower half, upper half flattened

and dilated to 7 mm. broad, 3-lobed, the lobes almost rounded

or somewhat triangular, the lateral smaller than the terminal

lobe, 1*6 cm. long with the slender tapering spur 5 mm. long.

Side sepals spreading-decurved or somewhat porrect and

finally decurved, oblong, slightly widened towards the apex,

obtuse, 1-1 cm. long, up to 5 mm. broad. Petals almost

erect, widened anticously at the base, obtuse, 8 mm. long,

up to 2*5 mm. broad at the base. Ldp linear, shortly clawed,

obtuse, 9 mm. long, up to 2*5 mm. broad. Column about 1*5

mm. long. Tubercle in the form of a somewhat rounded

lamella. Anther resupinate; glands of the pollinia nearly

circular. Stigma semicircular. {Leipoldt in Bolus Herbarium,

No. 16305, 18851.)— L. Bolus.

Plate 738. — Fig. 1, bract x 3; 2, fl., front view; 3, do., side view —

X 2 ; 4, side sepal x 4 ; 5, petal x 6 ; 6, lip x 3 ; 7, column, front view,

enlarged; 8, do., side view — x 10.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7 33

7 A.

72

A.M.Tu^weH &. M M-Page del.

73

Plate 739.

LISSOCHILUS PARVIFLORUS.

Caj>e Province.

Orchidaceae. Tribe Vandeab.

Lissochiltjs R. Br. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 573 (1821) ; Benth. et Hook. f.

Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 536.

Lissochilus parviflorus Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 191 ; Lindl. Bot.

Reg. vol. xxiv. Misc. 14 ; Maund, Botanist, vol. iv. t. 172 ; Rolfe in Gard.

Chron. vol. xiii. p. 684, et in Dyer Flor. Cap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 57.

The geographical range of this species appears to be very

limited, the only recorded localities being Algoa Bay and its

immediate neighbourhood. It was described in 1833, the

type being Dr. Gill’s collection from Stony Vale. The only

other collection cited in the Flora Capensis is that of Loddiges

at Algoa Bay. Since the publication of this work living

plants have been received from Florence Paterson in 1915

and F. H. Holland in 1931, collected at Humewood, near Port

Elizabeth, and from R. Marloth in 1925, the locality being

given as “ sandy dunes near Port Elizabeth.” In 1919

plants from the same station were exhibited at the Cape

Town Wild Flower Show. Drawings were also made of

these, as they differed somewhat in the colour of the flower

from Mrs. Paterson’s plant, whose inflorescence is represented

here. The flowering-period is October and November.

The genus Lissochilus is entirely African with about 100

species of which 13 are found in South Africa. The only

other species previously figured here are the handsome L.

Sander sonii, which forms the subject of Plate 493, and L.

Buchananii figured on Plate 586.

Description : — Plant 25-30 cm. high. Pseudobulbs sub-

globose, 3-2-4 cm. long. Produced leaves 4-7, linear acuminate,

up to 27 cm. long, usually up to 1-5 cm. broad. Scape 5 mm.

diam. ; sheaths up to 5, shorter or longer than the intemodes,

acuminate, 3-5-5 cm. long. Raceme 6-11 cm. long, about

15-fl., flowers ascending. Bracts oblong-ovate, acute or

acuminate, 2-0*8 cm. long. Pedicels about 1 cm. long.

Sepals oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse, the odd one erect,

the lateral spreading, 1*5 cm. long, up to 8 mm. broad. Petals

almost erect, suborbicular or obovate-orbicular, up to 1*4

cm. long, up to 1*2 cm. broad. Lip inferior in the open

flower, up to 1*7 cm. long with the conical spur 2-3 mm.

long, lobed below the middle, the side lobes erect suborbicular,

4-5 mm. long, the middle lobe obovate-orbicular, up to 1 cm.

long, with 5 verrucose keels reaching to beyond the middle.

Column oblong, slightly constricted near the middle, 8 mm.

long; anther suborbicular, conspicuously rostrate, up to 5

mm. long; pollinia oval; stipe subquadrate. (F. Paterson,

F. H. Holland 3723, Bolus Herbarium 16334.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 739. — Fig. 1, leaf; 2, portion of scape; 3, inflorescence — nat.

size ; 4, fl., front view — x 2 ; 5, do., from another plant ; 6, 7, 8, sepals of

do. ; 9, 10, petal of do., front and back view — nat. size ; 11, lip, column, and

ovary, side view ; 12, lip, front view ; 13, do., side view ; 14, do., flattened —

X 2; 15, column, front view; 16, do., side view; 17, pollinia and gland —

enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

7A0

M.M. Page del.

S

Plate 740.

BROWNLEEA monophylla.

Cape Province.

Okchtdaceae. Tribe Ophrydeae.

Beownleea Harvey ex Lindley in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vol. i. p. 16

(1842) ; Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 631.

Brownleea monophylla Schlechter in Engl. Bot.Jahrb. vol. xx. Beibl. 50,

p. 18 ; Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xxxi. p. 307 ; Rolfe in Dyer Flor. Cap. vol. v.

sect. 3, p. 265.

With the recently described species, the genus Brownleea

now embraces a total of sixteen, of which two occur in Tropical

Africa and one in Madagascar. The remainder are South

African, and are to be found chiefly on mountains at an

altitude exceeding 2000 feet. Only four of the South African

species have been collected frequently and are well known.

The rest {B. Nelsoni, B. natalensis, B. Woodii, B. Pentheriana,

B. macroceras, B. leucantha, B. fiavescens, B. transvaalensis,

and B. monophylla) have apparently all been described from

dried material, and are known only from the t3rpe-collection,

until B. monophylla was found in February 1914 by A. G.

McLoughhn in East Griqualand at Fikelemutu Pass in the

Drakensbergen, near Matatiele, at an altitude of 7500-8000

feet. Later in February 1920 Mr. McLoughlin got it again

between Kokstad and Mount Currie, and this specimen is

represented here.

B. monophylla is perhaps the largest-flowered species in

the genus, and differs chiefly from its very close ally, B.

macroceras, in having 1-2, instead of 3-4 cauline leaves.

Probably, when ample living material is available for examina-

tion, the two species will prove to be identical. The t3rpe-

locality of the former is near the summit of Mopedis Peak,

Witzies Hoek, in the Orange Free State, and of the latter

the Kat River Mountains in the Stockenstrom Division,

Cape Province.

Description : — Plant 22 cm. high. Tubers oval, crowned

with remains of basal sheaths. Stem slender, scarcely up

to 2 mm. diam. ; sheaths 2, basal. Leaves 1-2, ascending

or nearly erect, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, the lower up to

8-5 cm., the upper 4-3 cm., long. Flowers 1-2. Bracts

herbaceous, 2*5 cm. long (or in a 2-fld. raceme of the type

the lower bract up to 4 cm. long). Pedicel about 8 mm. long.

Odd sepal galeate-funnel-shaped, acuminate, 4-7 cm. long

with the spur 3-3 cm., or in the tj^je 3*5 cm., long; side

sepals linear, shghtly oblique, acuminate, 1-5 cm. long, up

to 3*5 mm. broad. Petals oval-oblong, acuminate, slightly

oblique, 1-3 cm. long, up to 4 mm. broad. Lamina of the

lip very narrow, appressed to the stigma, about 1 mm. long.

Column 5 mm. long; rostellum divided to the middle, the

arms diverging; anther horizontal; staminodes in the form

of a tubercle ; stigma orbicular. (A. G. McLoughlin in Bolus

Herbarium, No. 16403.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 740. — Fig. 1, odd sepal; 2, side sepal; 3, petal; 4, lip — x 2;

5, column and lip, front view ; 6, do., side view — x 7.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 741.

WATSONIA LONGIFOLIA.

Ca'pe Province.

Ikidaceab, Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Benth. et Hook.f. Oen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia lougifolia Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb.

vol. iv. p. 115.

This species is very closely related to Watsonia Pillansii

(Plate 745), from which it differs in having narrower and more

acute bracts, which enclose the perianth-tube only, and do not

clasp the rachis as in W. Pillansii, the bract, bracteoles, and

flower diverging from the rachis. It is found in nearly white,

pale rose-pink, old rose, salmon-pink, coral, and terra-cotta,

and occurs along the coastal belt from Knysna, through

Humansdorp, where it is very common, to Grahamstown.

The plant figured here comes from the Knysna Division,

and flowered in the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch,

in Noveml)er, for many years. The most beautiful colour

form of this species is one with pale pink flowers and apple-

green leaves and stem. There are minute staminodes at the

base of the cylindrical part of the perianth-tube, but these are

occasionally missing. They have not been shown in the flower

in the accompanying Plate.

Description : — Plant 1-4 m. high or more. Corm de-

pressed-globose, tunics usually not thick. Leaves 4, basal,

lowest very long, up to 1 m., fourth 56 cm. long, 0-8-1-3 cm.

broad, mid-vein prominent, margins and other veins incon-

spicuous, bright green, shiny; 8 cauline, sometimes 6 (2

uppermost subtending branches, and therefore called spathes),

lowest 34 cm, long, real blade 4 cm. long, sheath firmly ad-

pressed, uppermost 4*5 cm. long, firmly adpressed, internodes

altogether hidden. Inflorescence often simple, rarely with

2 short branches, up to 62 cm. long, up to 37-flowered, fairly

dense, distichous. Bract scarcely clasping stem, oblong or

linear-oblong, acuminate or upper ones obtuse, herbaceous,

apex membranous, 4-5-2 cm. long. Bracteoles 2-7-2 cm. long,

completely fused. Perianth up to 8-7 cm. long, tube curved,

up to 6 cm. long, filiform part as long as cylindrical, outer

segments oblong, subacute, 1-1 cm. broad, inner obovate-

oblong, up to 1-5 cm. broad, uppermost sometimes a little

broader. Stamens arcuate, reaching more than half-way up

segments, anthers pale or dark purple, up to 1-2 cm. long;

3 minute staminodes between filaments. Stigmas reaching

anther tips or a little beyond, up to 7 mm. long. Ovary

shghtly constricted in lower hah, 3-5 mm. long. Capsule

becoming truncate at apex, rather narrow below, up to 2 cm.

long, 8 mm. diam. Seeds 9 mm. long. (J. D. Keet, Bolus

Herbarium, No. 17,852.) — G. J. Lewis.

Plate 741. — Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; 2, corm and basal leaves,

reduced ; 3, top of leaf ; 4, flower laid open ; 6, stigma ; 6, capsules ; 7, seed.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 742.

WATSONIA WORDSWORTHIANA.

Cape Province.

Iridaoeae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Benth et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia Wordsworthiana Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb.

vol. iv. p. 26.

This species belongs to the fairly large group consisting

of Watsonia Meriana and its alhes, but is distinct in having a

rather wide-mouthed perianth-tube and broad segments. The

original corms were found on the Roman’s River farm in the

Tulbagh Division. These were distributed to a few enthusi-

astic gardeners, and some were sent to Kirstenbosch by Mr.

H. K. Tredgold, and from these plants the accompanying

drawing was made about twenty years ago.

The pure white Watsonia known as “ Arderne’s Watsonia ”

or Watsonia Ardernei (Plate 750), which is frequently seen in

gardens in the south-western district, comes from exactly

the same locality as W. Wordsworthiana, and it is thought that

it may be a “ sport ” of W. Wordsworthiana. Apart from the

colouring, there are, however, numerous differences, such as

the very broad, nearly oval segments, the funnel-shaped, wide-

mouthed perianth-tube, and the stamens, which are usually

equilateral instead of arcuate. It is an interesting problem,

and could only be solved by cultivating a number of seeds of

W. Ardernei, to see whether any of them would revert to

W. Wordsworthiana. Watsonias multiply very rapidly by

means of their corms, and are therefore very seldom grown

from seed.

The plant figured as W. Wordsworthiana in the Botanical

Magazine (t. 9261) is not this species, but W. Cooperi, which,

as the writer states, is near W. pyramidata {W. rosea).

Description : — Plant up to 1-65 m. high. Leaves 4 basal,

all same length or lower slightly longer, up to 60 cm. long, up

to 4 cm., most often 2-5-3-5 cm. broad, not shiny, shghtly

glaucous, mid-vein and margins a little raised; 5 cauline,

lower half sheathing, lowest 57-5 cm. long, sheath 22-5 cm.

long, uppermost altogether sheathing. Inflorescence much

branched, branches erect, lowest about 60 cm. long, upper-

most 15 cm. long, main axis 14-16-flowered, flowers ascending,

only rarely patent when fully open, hlac-purple. Bract

herbaceous, upper quarter membranous, 3*2-1 *8 cm. long.

Bracteoles a little longer, free at apex or completely fused.

Perianth tube 5 cm. long, lower part up to 3*5 mm. diam.,

cyhndrical part equally long, 1*3 cm. diam. at throat, seg-

ments obovate-oblong, obtuse, especially inner ones, 3*2 cm.

long, 1*9 cm. broad, inner ones a little wider. Stamens

unilateral, porrect or subarcuate, about 4 cm. long with anthers

1*2 cm. long, richly purple coloured, filaments white or pale

mauve, pollen pale. Style 6*5 cm. long, branches about 7 mm.

long, bifid at middle, short branches again divided, the 12

stigmas about 2 mm. long. Capsule cylindrical, slightly

narrowed towards base, up to 3*5 cm. long. (National Botanic

Gardens, No. 652/13, in Bolus Herbarium, No. 15,203.) — G. J.

Lewis.

Plate 742. — Fig. 1, flower laid open; 2, style-branch and stigmas;

3, capsules ; 4, seed.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

E.Smitli del.

Plate 743.

WATSONIA WlLMANIAE.

Cape Province.

Ieidaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia Wiimaniae Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb.

vol. iv. p. 114.

Miss M. Wilman, Director of the McGregor Museum,

Kimberley, sent corms of this rather attractive species to the

National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, but was unable to

give the locality from which they came. Since then plants

which match this very well have been found in the Knysna

Division, and it belongs to the group of Watsonias found

growing near the streams in that forest district. This group

flowers during the summer months, and has short bracts

which do not clasp the rachis, smalhsh and numerous flowers

to the spike. One member of this group, W. Galpinii, has

already been figured (Vol. II, plate 45). From this the present

species differs very markedly, m having a longer perianth-

tube which has a distinct, more or less right-angled bend in it.

Description : — Plant up to 1*4 m. high. Corm depressed

globose. Leaves 6 basal, shghtly glaucous, up to 50 cm. long,

up to 4 cm. broad, lower 2-2-5 cm. broad, mid-rib green and

promment beneath, margins scarcely prominent, pale yellow ;

4 cauline, longer than intemodes, lowest 45 cm. long, sheath

firmly adpressed, 21 cm. long, upper 11 cm. long. Spathes 4,

firmly sheathing, 8-2 cm. long. Inflorescence 4-branched,

branches very erect, main stem 40-flowered, about 50 cm. long,

branches up to 16-flowered, 21 cm. long, flowers distichous

and fairly laxly arranged, diverging from stem. Bract rigid,

erect, upper part membranous, up to 2 cm., more often 0-7-

1 cm. long. Bracteoles fused, as long as bracts or lower ones

shorter. Perianth 5-6 cm. long, tube bent in middle, fihform

part equal to cylindrical or a little shorter, segments 2 cm. long,

outer 9 mm., inner !•! cm. broad. Stamens arcuate, reaching

top of segments, anthers purple, 2-3 mm. long. Capsule

becoming truncate at apex, lower part narrow, up to 1-5

cm. long and 6 mm. diam. Seeds 5 mm. long. (Bolus

Herbarium, No. 18,578.) — G. J. Lewis.

Plate 743. — Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; 2, flower laid open ; 3, atigmas.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

T

Plate 744.

WATSONIA Beatricis

Cape Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. : Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia Beatricis Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb.

vol. iv. p. 52.

Most of the Watsonias are worthy of admiration, and

especially this beautiful and striking species, with its long

spike and numerous, closely arranged, apricot-red flowers,

many of which are open at the same time. Because of this,

and also on account of its flowering season — January to

March — it should be counted among the best species for the

horticulturist.

W. Beatricis comes from the George Division, and was

named after Miss Beatrice Hops, who is the first recorded

collector of this species. The plant figured flowered at Kirsten-

bosch from corms collected by Mr. Eustace Pillans. So far

there has been no record of it occurring outside the George

Division. It belongs to a group of species having firm bracts,

short internodes, and many flowers in the spike, which is

usually unbranched, and includes W. Pillansii (Plate 745) and

W. longifolia (Plate 741), both figured in this volume. The

group, which consists of about eight species, begins in the

George Division, and extends along the coastal belt to Natal.

This species is distinguished from W. Pillansii, to which it is

closely allied, by its subglaucous leaves, distinctly prominent

mid-vein and margins, several flowers open at same time, and

its broader segments, which are patent, soon recurving.

Description : — Gorm depressed-globose, about 6 cm.

diam., tunics of thick fibres. Stem, including spike, up to

95 cm. high or occasionally a Httle higher. Leaves 3 basal,

subglaucous, mid-vein and margins fairly prominent and

straw-coloured, up to 75 cm. long, 3 cm. broad; 8 cauline,

imbricate, completely enclosing stem, lowest up to 74 cm.

long, sheathing part 14 cm. long, uppermost 9 cm. long.

Inflorescence up to 51 cm. long, spike simple or with 1 or 2

branches produced later, usually 30-40-flowered, often 15-17

open at same time. Bract as long as intemode or upper ones

longer, herbaceous, reddish, apex and margins membranous,

ovate-oblong, very broad at base, ventricose, scarcely keeled,

lower acuminate, upper obtuse, viscous inside, 3-5-1 -5 cm.

long. Bracteoles completely fused, ovate-orbicular, equalling

bracts. Perianth erect-patent, tube 5 cm. long, filiform part

2 cm. long, throat 6 m*m. diam. ; segments patent, soon

recurving, obtuse, 2-5 cm. long, outer oblong, 1-1 cm. broad,

inner ovate-oblong, up to 1-6 cm. broad. Stamens arcuate,

reaching to within 6 mm. of apex of segment, filament salmon,

closed anther 1-4 cm. long, white, open purple-blue. Style a

little exceeding stamens, primary branches 1 cm. long,

secondary 5 mm. long. Ovary subobconic, 5 mm. long, 3 mm.

diam. at apex. Capsule cylindrical, rather narrow towards

base, suboblique, 1-1-1 -9 cm. long, apex up to 6 mm. diam.

Seeds often 9 mm. long. (Bolus Herbarium, No. 18,373.) —

G. J. Lewis.

Plate 744. — Fig. 1, corm and leaves, reduced; 2, flower spike, reduced ;

3, flower laid open.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 745.

WATSONIA PiLLANSii.

Eastern Province.

Ikidaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia Pillansii L. Bolvs in Ann. Bolus Herb, vol, iii. p. 75.

This species is closely related to Watsonia Beatricis (Plate

744), but although the colouring is very beautiful and very

similar, it does not make so fine a display, as there are fewer

flowers open at one time, the flowers themselves having

narrower and less spreading segments. In addition, it differs in

having three small staminodes at the base of the cylindrical

part of the perianth-tube, and the flowering period is distinct,

W. Beatricis flowering during the summer months, and

W. Pillansii during the autumn and early winter.

The locality given in the Annals of the Bolus Herbarium

is not correct, as this species occurs farther east, from Port

Ehzabeth to the Transkei, the plant figured here having been

collected in Kentani by Miss Alice Pegler in 1913, and has

flowered in the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch,

every year since then.

Description : — Plant up to 2 m., usually 1-25 m. high.

Corm depressed-globose. Leaves 4 or 5 basal, linear, hghtly

veined, margin scarcely conspicuously thickened, 70 cm. to

1*1 m. long, up to 2-5 cm. broad. Inflorescence a simple,

dense spike, up to 37 cm. long. Bract oblong, obtuse, 1*7-

2*7 cm. long, up to 1*2 cm. broad. Bracteoles joined to apex,

acute, 1*9 cm. long. Perianth about 7*3 cm. long, tube 5 cm.

long, basal part 2 mm., upper part 1 cm. diam., segments

scarcely patent, oval, outer 1*1 cm. broad, inner 1*3 cm. broad.

Staminodes 3, 1’2 cm. long, apex scarcely free from perianth.

Stamens 6*5 cm. long, free part of filament 3-9 cm. long, anther

1 cm. long. Style 5*3 cm. long, primary branches 1-1*2 cm.

long, secondary 5-6 mm. long. Capsule cylindrical, rather

narrow towards base, 2-3 cm. long, apex 1 cm. diam. Seed

subtriangnlar, oblique, 7 mm. long. (National Botanic

Gardens, No. 241/13, in Bolus Herbarium.) — G. J. Lewis.

Plate 745. — Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; 2, corm; 3, flower laid open;

4, gynaecium ; 6, ovary ; 6, ripe capsules ; 7, seed.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

Plate 746.

WATSONIA KNYSNANA.

Cape Province.

Lridaoeae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. : Benth. et Hook.f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsoma knysnana L. Bolus in 8. A. Gard. and Country Life,

vol. XX. p. 63 (1930).

The Knysna Division, which has a mild climate and fairly

large average rainfall during the year, is clearly one which is

very favourable to the genus Watsonia. In addition to the

species figured here, there are about six other species, or

possibly more, occurring in the Knysna and the two neigh-

bouring Divisions, George and Uniondale. This species is

related to the group to which W. longifolia (Plate 741),

W. Beatricis (Plate 744) and W. Pillansii (Plate 745) belong.

It differs from the others, however, in having bracts and

bracteoles which distinctly diverge from the flowering axis,

and which, like the leaves, are shiny at the base or all over when

in bud, as if polished with oil.

The accompanying Plate was prepared by Miss Page from

plants which flowered at Kirstenbosch in January 1925, the

corms having been sent there the previous year by Mrs. Willis.

Description : — Leaves 3 basal, 44, 46 and 40 cm. long,

2 cm. broad, margins pale yellow, scarcely thickened, mid-

vein slightly thickened, others numerous, nearly invisible;

cauHne 6, imbricating or 2 upper internodes exserted 2-2*4

cm., 44-4*5 cm. long, sheaths up to 17 cm. long. Inflorescence

2-3-branched, terminal axis 30 cm. long, flowers ascending,

10 or 11 open together. Bracts imbricating, convex, obtuse,

diverging from stem, lower part herbaceous, upper half

membranous, 2*5-l*5 cm. long. Bracteoles 1*9-1*5 cm. long,

diverging from stem. Perianth up to 7 cm. long, tube 8 mm.

diam. at apex, 4*5 cm. long, filiform part 2 cm. long, segments

obtuse, outer up to 1*1, inner 1-3 cm. broad. Stamens arcuate,

reaching a little over half-way up segments. Stigma up to

5 mm. long, nearly reaching apex of segments. Ovary

broadening at top, 5-6 mm. long, 3-4 mm. diam. (National

Botanic Gardens, No. 382/24, in Bolus Herbarium.) — G. J.

Lewis.

Plate 746. — Fig. 1 , plant, much reduced ; 2, flower laid open ; 3, stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

E. Smith del.

Plate 747.

WATSONIA Versfeldii.

Cajpe Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia Versfeldii Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb.

vol. iii. p. 139.

Out of the seventy species of Watsonia described, the species

figured here can easily be distinguished as the perianth-

segments are the longest in the genus, and, in addition, the

perianth-tube, for its length, is very slender. It is named

after Mr. W. Versfeld, who found some corms growing on his

farm on the mountains near Piquetberg, and introduced it into

the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, in 1916, where

it has flowered in October and November every year. It is a

graceful garden plant, with its large, laxly spreading flowers

and bright, rather transparent colouring.

Pure white Watsonias are not common, and the white

variety of W. Versfeldii, which differs only in its colour, can

easily be distinguished from the one or two other white species.

In appearance this species most closely resembles W. 'pyrami-

data {rosea), but it differs in having larger flowers with longer

segments, the stamens arcuate and in other details.

Description : — Plant up to 1*65 m. high. Corm

depressed-globose, 2-5 cm. long, 5 cm. diam., tunics of soft

fibres below, upper fibres thicker and coarser. Leaves 7 basal,

ensiform, up to 85 cm. long, 5 cm. broad, veins inconspicuous ;

2 cauline, ventricose, shortly imbricating, lower up to 41 cm.

long, sheath 15 cm. long, upper 13 cm. long, usually without

any free part. Inflorescence rather laxly many-flowered,

87 cm. long, internodes l’3-2 cm. long, branching in lower

half, branches erect or sub-erect. Bract obtuse, upper half

membranous, 1*6 cm. long. Bracteoles joined almost to apex,

free part 2 mm. long, as long as bract. Perianth up to 10 cm.

long, tube marked with purple inside, at first erect, then

decurving, filiform part 2-6 cm. long, scarcely 2 mm. diam.,

cylindrical part 3 cm. long, mouth 8 mm. ^am., segments

obtuse, 4*4 cm. long, outer oblong, 1-2 cm. broad, inner

shghtly undulate or crisped, 1*5 cm. broad. Stamens arcuate,

reaching half-way up segments, filament 2-5 cm. long, anther

white, soon becoming purple, 1-1 cm. long. Style shghtly

exceeding stamens, branches 5 mm. long, stigma 2-5 mm.

long. Caj)sule cylindrical, up to 2-5 cm. long, often 2-2*3 cm.

long, 0*8-1 cm. ^am. Seed 1-1*5 cm. long, the ^^^ng 8 mm.

long. (National Botanic Gardens, No. 2671/16, in Bolus

Herbarium.) — G. J. Lewis.

Plate 747. Fig. 1, plant, much reduced; 2, corm, reduced; 3, flower

laid open; 4, capsules; 5, seed.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

i

Plate 748.

WATSONIA MARGINATA.

Cape Province.

Ikidaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Gard. Diet. ed. vii (1759) ; Benih. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant.

vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia marginata Ker in Bot. Mag. t. 608.

It is not surprising to find Watsonia marginata represented

among the early figures of South African Iridaceae grown in

Europe, for it is an exceedingly lovely plant with its handsome

foliage, its stately height of up to nearly 7 feet, its slender stem

and wealth of mauve or mauve-pink fiowers. The terminal

portion of the spike, in cultivation, may bear as many as thirty

flowers, and when these have spent their beauty, ten or more

lateral spikes may be developed down the stem to carry on the

long flowering-period of this delectable species. It is one of

the deciduous Watsoniae^ and begins to flower in October,

reaching its best in November. The name, marginata^ refers

to the thickened margin of the leaves, which is more con-

spicuous in the dried state.

The subgenus, Neuberia, to which this species belongs,

comprises those which have the upper part of the perianth-

tube funnel-shaped, contrasting with the cyhndrical shape

found in Eu- Watsonia. The lower part of the tube in both

these groups is cylindrical, but very much more slender than

the rest of the tube, there being a contraction at the point

where the stamens are inserted. This lower portion is usually

described as the filiform or thread-like part of the tube.

With its erect stamens equally disposed in the centre of

the flower, as well as in the shape of the perianth, W. mar-

ginata strongly resembles Ixia, a genus which it also seems to

mimic somewhat in other and lesser respects. It is interesting

to note that staminodes, which very rarely occur in Iridaceae,

are found here as in several species of the Eu- Watsoniae.

A native of the south-western districts, this species has

been recorded from the Cape district (Kanonberg), the Paarl

district (Groot Drakenstein), the Caledon and Malmesbury

districts, and from the Calvinia district (near Nieuwoudtville)

— the last being perhaps the most northerly station for a

Watsonia in the south-western area ; for the genus appears to

be entirely unrepresented in the Karroo and the western

districts. The small-flowered variety comes from the Cedar-

bergen in the Clanwilliam district.

The plant figured was one of many which flowered at

Kirstenbosch in October 1923 from corms collected at Groot

Drakenstein and sent to the National Botanic Gardens by

Mr. L. Baker.

Desceiption : — Plant usually 1-60 to 1-80 m. high. Corm depressed-

globose, the outer tunics cancellate, composed of coarse fibres, up to 7 cm.

diam. Stem terete, pohshed, 4 to 7 mm. in diam. Basal leaves 3 to 4,

ensiform, acuminate, closely veined, the margins thickened, 45 to 80 cm.

long, 4 to 6 mm. broad; cauline leaves 3, entirely ensheathing the stem.

Inflorescence many-fiowered, elongated, the terminal spike finally 30 cm.

long or more, the lateral spikes numerous, 5 to 20 cm. long. Bracts herb-

aceous in the middle, membranous on the sides, the membranes finally

spUt up into fibres, long-acuminate, 2 to 1 cm. long; bracteoles shorter,

united except for 2 to 3 mm. at the apex. Perianth 3-6 to 4-6 cm. long, the

filiform portion of the tube up to 1-3 cm. long, the funnel-shaped portion

very short ; segments oval-oblong, obtuse or the outer abruptly acute and

up to 1-1 cm., the inner up to 1-3 cm., broad. Stamens equilateral, reaching

to about three-quarters of the perianth-segment, the filaments erect, con-

nivent round the style, the anthers more or less spreading, up to 1-1 cm. long.

Staminodes small, white. Stigmas reaching to about the middle of the

perianth-segments, 2 mm. long. Ovary 4 mm. long. Capsule globosely

obovate, obtusely angled, up to 1-2 cm. long. (National Botanic Gardens,

No. 4498/14.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 748. — Fig. 1, reduced sketch of plant; 2, corm and lower portion

of stem, reduced; 3, upper portion of leaf; 4, portion of terminal spike;

5, flower, cut and flattened — natural size; 6, portion of style and style-

branches and 2 stigmas x 3 ; 7, capsules ; 8, se^.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

E. Smith del.

Plate 749.

WATSONIA VITTATA.

Cape Province ?

Ikidaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsonia Mill. ; Gard. Diet. ed. vii (1759) ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant.

vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsonia vittata Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb. vol. iv. p. 25.

Several plants of this distinct species flowered freely at

Kirstenbosch during November and December 1923, when the

drawing was made. Details of the origin of the plant were

unfortunately unobtainable, and it is hoped the publication

of this Plate may lead to the discovery of its geographical

distribution.

The uppermost of the three expanded flowers depicted

shows the arched stamens and style, with the stigmas still

unfolded, of a newly opened flower, and the two lower ones

their position and development in older flowers, all of which

usually obtains in Eu-Wadsonia, of which subgenus our species

also has the characteristic perianth. The stripe or vitta down

the middle of the perianth-segments accoimts for the specific

name, vittata.

It is among those of medium height in the genus and its

summer flowering-period makes it desirable in gardens for filling

the gap between spring and autumn. In both these seasons

as well as in summer Watsonia, if given full scope, will flourish

beyond the power and effectiveness of most other Iridaceae.

Description : — Plant usually 75-90 cm. high. Basal

leaves 4 to 5, the mid-rib and margins rather prominent, the

other veins very inconspicuous, up to 40 cm. long, T2-T9 cm.

broad ; cauline leaves 2, up to 29 cm. long, the blades 15-6 cm.

long. Inflorescence branched below, the terminal spike about

18-flowered, the lateral spikes 9- to 6-flowered, the flowers

erect-spreading. Bracts herbaceous, membranous at the apex

only, ovate-oblong, obtuse, polished, up to 2 cm. long,

hracteoles united almost to the apex, as long as the bracts or a

little shorter. Perianth 5-5-5 cm. long, the tube slender up

to 3 cm. long, about 5 to 6 mm. in diameter at the throat;

segments obtuse, the outer oblanceolate-oblong, up to 9 mm.

broad, the inner obovate-oblong, 1-2 cm. broad. Stamens

arcuate, reaching to the middle of the perianth-segment or

beyond, the anthers 7 mm. long. Style finally reaching the

apex of the perianth-segment, the stigmas up to 3 mm. long.

Ovary 7 mm. long. (Bolus Herbarium, No. 17,696.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 749. — Fig. 1, reduced sketch of plant; 2, upper part of leaf;

3, flower cut down the tube and flattened ; 4, portion style with branch and

stigmas, enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

'iJ*

i»iii>»ii.iiiigTO<wiiffl^

Plate 750.

WATSONIA Ardernei.

Cafe Province.

Iridaceae. Tribe Ixieae.

Watsokia Mill. ; Gard. Diet. ed. vii (1759) ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant.

vol. iii. p. 705.

Watsouia Ardernei Mathews et L. Bolus in Ann. Bolus Herb.

vol. iv. p. 25.

As far as our records go, this most interesting species has

never been found since its discovery in about the year 1886 by

Mr. H. K. Tredgold on the Roman’s River Farm in the

Tulbagh district. Growing in vlei ground among numerous

plants of the pink W. Wordsworthiana (Plate 742), a small

clump of “ a white variety ” arrested attention. Plants were

given to Mr. H. M. Arderne, and from his famous garden were

generously distributed far and wide, until this species became,

in cultivation, the best known of all the Watsoniae. In

florists’ catalogues it was listed as W. Ardernei for many years

before the species was actually described and published.

In more recent years albino-forms of Watsonia rosea and

Watsonia Versfeldii (Plate 747) have appeared, and the latter

at least has persisted in cultivation. It may be that some

day a coloured form of W. Ardernei may be produced. Mean-

while it remains one of our whitest flowers; for even the

anthers are only a pale yellow in the early stages. The funnel-

shape of the upper part of the perianth-tube places W.

Ardernei in the subgenus, Neuheria. The stamens are never

strictly arched, and very soon after the flower opens are

disposed at equal distances apart round the perianth- tube.

It flowers in October and November in South Africa,

fruiting in December, and at Kew it was flowering well during

September.

Description : — Plant usually 1-1 *5 m. high. Basal

leaves 4, up to 60 cm. long, 2*8 cm. broad ; cauline leaves up

to 7, the blades 22*5 to 10 cm. long, veins inconspicuous

except for the prominent mid-rib and margins. Inflorescence

copiously branched, the terminal spike 21 -flowered or more,

the lateral branches almost erect, 8 to 60 cm. long. Bracts

herbaceous, membranous at the apex, up to 1*5 cm. long;

bracteoles as long as the bracts or a little shorter. Perianth

5*5 to 7 cm. long, the tube 3*7 cm. long, the upper part funnel-

shaped, a httle longer than the lower fihform part, up to

1’7 cm. in diameter at the throat; segments oval, exterior

1-5 to 1-9 cm., interior 1-8 to 2-5 cm., broad. Stamens equi-

lateral or sometimes somewhat arched but distant from one

another, reaching a httle beyond the middle of the segment.

Stigmas reaching to about the middle of the perianth-segment,

up to 3 mm. long. Capsule cylindrical, flat at the apex, 2 to

3 cm. long, 0-8 to 1 cm. in diameter. (Bolus Herbarium,

No. 17,839.) — L. Bolus.

Plate 750. — Fig. 1, reduced sketch of plant; 2, upper portion of leaf;

3, flower cut and flattened ; 4, capsules ; 5, seed — natural size.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

751

C.Letty del.

3

Plate 751.

PTERYGODIUM hastattjm.

Cape Province, Orange Free State, Transvaal.

Orchtdaoeae. Tribe Opheydeae.

Pterygodium 8w. in Vet. Acad. Eandl. Stockh. vol. xxi. p. 217 ; Benth. et

Hook. fit. Gen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 632.

Pterygodium hastatum Bolus in Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. xxv. pp. 117 et 208 ;

Dur. et Schinz Conspect. FI. Afr. vol. v. p. 117 ; Schlechter in Bull. Herb.

Boiss., S4r. 1, vol. 6, p. 809; Krdnzl. Orch. Gen. et Sp. vol. i. p. 857;

Rolfe in Dyer Flor. Gap. vol. v. sect. 3, p. 276.

The genus, Pterygodium, as understood in the “Flora

Capensis ” contains 12 or 13 species, all, except the one

species from Nyasaland, South African, occurring chiefly

in the south-western districts and extending eastwards

through the coastal regions to the Uitenhage district. The

four exceptions are our present species, P. hastatum, from the

Transkei, Orange Free State and Transvaal, P. leucanihum

from Tembuland and the Orange Free State, P. MacLoughlinii

from Griqualand East, and the httle-known P. Cooperi

recorded only from the Transkei. They are all terrestrial

glabrous herbs with yellow or green and white flowers, occa-

sionally touched with red near the apex. The name is

derived from a combination of the two Greek words for wing

and form, and means “ wing-like or anything that covers or

protects hke wings,” in reference to the hood-like or cowl-

shaped upper portion of the flower composed of the com-

paratively large petals which adhere to the odd sepal. It

should be noted that although this adherence is maintained

throughout the life of the flower, it is but a light attachment ;

for the petal can be lifted intact from the sepal, and the

perianth is actually composed of six free members, as in the

great majority of the South African Orchidaceae. An exactly

similar adherence is found in Disperis (see Plate 499, Fig. 5

and Fig. 7), but in the latter the lip ascends from the base up

the face of the column to its position under the hood, while

in Pterygodium a small petaloid portion is produced below

the point of attachment and is seen between the side sepals.

Another difference between these closely allied genera lies in

the spurred or pouched side sepals of Disperis, and it is

interesting to observe that in P. hastatum the side sepals,

besides being concave, have an appreciable pouch, thus

providing an example which strengthens the relationship of

the two genera.

The specific name alludes to the hastate or dagger-shaped

form of the upper part of the lip with its spear-like tapering

middle lobe.

The plant figured was collected by Dr. E. E. Galpin “ in

a moist grassy neck above the Columbia ]\Iine, Pilgrim’s Rest

in Feb. 1937.” It is the first Pterygodium to be figured in this

work.

Description ; — Plant 20 cm. high. Leaves 4, the lowest 2 sheath-like,

1-4 to 3 cm. long; the third leaf almost erect, clasping at base, the blade

oval-linear, subacute, 10 cm. long, 2-2 cm. broad in the middle ; uppermost

leaf sheathing in the lower part, acuminate, 6 cm. long. Raceme rather

densely 10-fl., flowers ascending. Bracts more or less clasping the ovary,

acuminate, 1-5 to 0-8 cm. long. Pedicels 2 mm. long. Odd sepal oval,

concave, hooded at the apex, 7 mm. long; side sepals spreading, obUquely

ovate, acuminate, concave, slightly saccate, 8 mm. long. Petals almost

semiorbicular, the free margin undulate and crenulate, excavate near the

apex, very shortly clawed, 1 cm. long. Lip somewhat square in the petaloid

portion when flattened, crenulate or lacerulate, 3 mm. long, the fleshy

appendix 6 mm. long, bearing on the face of the lower half 2 conspicuous

flaps, in the upper half 3-lobed, the middle lobe tapering upwards, incurved

at the apex, much longer than the obtuse side lobes. Column short.

Ovary 5 to 8 mm. long. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 22,852.) —

L. Bolus.

Plate 751. — Fig. 1, odd sepal; 2, side sepal; 3, petal; 4, petaloid

portion of Up ; 5, column and Up, side view — enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

y s2

A.M.Tu^wen del.

Plate 752.

SCHIZODIUM MODESTUM.

Cafe Province.

Oechidaceae. Tribe Ophkydeae.

ScHizoDiiTM Lindl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. p. 358 ; BentJi. et Hook. fil. Gen. Plant.

vol. iii. p. 631.

Schizodium modestum L. Bolus sp. nov.

Planta 15-19 cm. alta. Folia basaUa 5, 2 inferiora ad vaginas reducta,

cetera patentia, laminis parte superiore orbicularibus vel late ovaUbus, parte

inferiore in unquem angustatis, basi ddata amplectentiaque, 1-5-2 cm. longa ;

caulina 3, 2 superiora reducta, 1-2-1 cm. longa. Racemus laxe 3-5-fl.

Bracteae erectae, basi amplectentes, ovatae, obtusae vel acutae, 1 -5-0-5 cm.

longa. Pedicelli erecti vel suberecti, gracilLimi, 0-8-1 -4 cm. longi. Sepalum

impar adscendens, tumque calcare fere horizontali, vel porrectum, calcare

adscendente, subcuciiUatum, oblongum, acuminatum, calcare basi con-

spicue constricto, profunde sulcato, itaque apice bilobulato, 0-8-1 cm. longum,

calcare dimidium laminae fere aequante ; sepala lateraUa porrecta, obbque

linearia, acuminata, 0-8-1 cm. longa. Petala suboblonga, apice inaequaliter

biloba, lobo anteriore angustiore et posteriore circa duplo longiore, antice

in lobum semiorbicularem integrum dilatata, 5-6 mm. longa. Lahellum

manu complanatum parte inferiore panduriforme, parte superiore sub-

ulatum vel rostratum, 0-9-1 cm. longum. BostelU brachia elongata, superne

divergentia. Anthera horizontalis.

Cape Pkovince : — Somerset West distr. ; near De Beer’s Dynamite

Factory, July 1915, A. T. Prentice in Bolus Herbarium 13,900.

The wiry polished brown stems of Schizodium and its very

slender habit of growth give this genus a particular charm

and make it unique among South African Orchids. Bending,

sometimes in fairly wide curves, sometimes in mere ripples,

the stem (or scape) “ appears to afford a maximum of strength

with a minimum of resistance to the wind on the wind-swept

plains where these plants usually grow.” Another distin-

guishing character of the genus is in the structure of the lip.

There is the basal erect portion which is concave ; then comes

a constriction, more or less pronounced, before the second

concave portion is directed forward, variously adorned with

markings in a contrasting colour; and finally the beak-like

apical part which is deflexed and usually more intensely

coloured than the rest of the flower. By reason of the con-

striction the lower portion of the lip when flattened becomes

panduriform or fiddle-shaped.

All the nine species comprising the genus occur in the

south-western districts, one of them extending northwards

through Clan william to the Vanrhynsdorp district and two

eastwards to Port Elizabeth. The present species is most

nearly allied to S. ohliquum Lindl., and differs in having

more acuminate sepals, minutely spotted or flecked with

brownish-red on a ground-colour of grey, a relatively shorter

spur (only about half the length of the limb of the sepal),

and the anticous basal lobe of the petal with a quite entire

margin. The specific name alludes to the inconspicuous

colouring of the flower.

The plant figured was collected by i\Ir. A. T. Prentice in

the Reserve of De Beer’s Djuiamite Factory, near Somerset

West, in July 1915.

Description : — Plant 15 to 19 cm. high. Leaves basal 5, the lower 2

reduced to sheaths, the rest spreading, the blades orbicular or broadly oval

in the upper part, narrowed into a claw in the lower part, dilated and

clasping at base, 1-5 to 2 cm. long, the claw about as long as expanded

portion; cauline leaves 3, the upper 2 reduced, 1-2 to 1 cm. long. Raceme

laxly 3- to 5-fl. Bracts erect, cla.sping at base, ovate, obtuse or acute, 1-1 to

0-5 cm. long. Pedicels erect or suberect, very .slender, 0-8 to 1-4 cm. long.

Odd sepal ascending with the spur nearly horizontal, or porrect with the

spur ascending, slightly hooded, oblong, acuminate, the spur conspicuously

constricted at the base, deeply sulcate so that the apex appears bilobulate,

0-8 to 1 cm. long, the spur about half as long as the limb ; side sepals porrect,

obliquely linear, acuminate, 0-8 to 1 cm. long. Petals suboblong, unequally

lobed at the apex, the anterior lobe narrower and about twice as long as the

posterior, dilated anticously at the base, the lobe semiorbicular, entire, 5 to

6 mm. long. Lip when flattened panduriform in the lower part, subulate

or rostrate in the upper part, 0-9-1 cm. long. Anns of the rostellum elongated,

diverging upwards. Anther horizontal. — L. Bolus.

Plate 752. — Fig. 1, flower; 2, odd sepal, front view; 3, do., back view;

4, side sepal; 5, petal; 6, lip — X 2; 7, column and petals, front view;

8, column and lip, side view — X 4; 9, column, front view; 10, do., side

view; 11, poUinium — enlarged.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

!

i

753

■ C.L etty del.

Plate 753.

ADENIUM COETANEUM.

Tropical Africa.

Apocykaoeae. Tribe Echitideae.

Adenium, B. S. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 722.

Adenium coetaneum Stapfin FI. Trop. Afr. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 227.

Adenium coetaneum, figured on the accompanying plate,

somewhat resembles the South African species A. multiflorum

which is illustrated on Plate 16, but differs in the colour of

the flowers. Our specimen was collected by Major J. Steven-

son Hamilton, the Warden of the Kruger National Park, at

Juba in Somaliland, and differs from the description of the

species in having the cymes more than 2-flowered. From

the records given in the Flora of Tropical Africa it is not an

uncommon species.

Like several other species of the genus it has a swollen

stem and succulent branches and would make a worthy

addition to the rock garden. The large swollen stems found

in the genus are also found in other species belonging to

quite unrelated families. For example, some species of

Pelargonium, Cissus, and Cotyledon have a similar habit of

growth, and when such plants are not flowering or in a leafless

state it is difficult to distinguish them.

We have found that the South African species of the

genus are easy to establish in the garden and the rather

handsome flowers make them quite attractive.

Description : — Stem from a thick tuberous base, varying

from 4-5 cm. diameter at the base to 8 mm. diameter in the

ultimate branches, glabrous. Leaves clustered near the apices

of the ultimate branches, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad,

oblanceolate, obtuse, shortly apiculate, densely and shortly

pubescent above and beneath so as to have a velvety feel.

Flowers dark pink, clustered with the leaves at the ends of

the ultimate branches. Calyx-tube 3 mm. long, densely

pubescent; lobes 6*5 mm. long, lanceolate, subacute, densely

pubescent. Corolla-tube 3 cm. long, 3 mm. diameter and

cylindric at the base, then suddenly widened to 9 mm.

(hameter and tubular-campanulate above, densely pubescent

without, hairy within along definite bands; lobes 1*4 cm.

long, 1*2 cm. broad, obovate, with a short hairy apiculus,

scantily pubescent on the back. Filaments 2 mm. long,

flattened, pilose; anthers tailed at the base, with a linear

pilose appendage 2 cm. long. Style 1 cm. long, cylindric,

glabrous ; stigma subglobose, with a frill at the base.

(National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 22,703.)

Plate 753. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower; 2, a stamen;

3, top of style with stigma.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

£3

754

s

\V-

M.E. Connell del.

Plate 754.

CRASSULA ARGYEOPHYLLA.

Transvaal, Swaziland, Rhodesia.

Ceassulaoeae.

Ceassula Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Oen. Plant, vol. i. p. 657.

Crassula argyrophylla Diels ex Schonl. and Bak. f. in Journ. Bot. 1903,

p. 290.

This species was first collected by Dr. F. Wilms in the

Lydenburg district of the Transvaal in the year 1888, and

was again collected by Mr. D. F. GilfiUan near Johannesburg

in February 1899. The published description of the species

in 1902 was based on the above two gatherings.

The species is not uncommon in mountainous parts of the

Transvaal and has been collected on several occasions within

recent years. It is one of the characteristic succulents on

the hills and mountains in the neighbourhood of Johannes-

burg and Pretoria, often being found on rocky outcrops more

or less trailing over the rocks, varying from a few inches to a

foot in height. In the National Herbarium, Pretoria, is a

specimen, said to be collected at Bruintjies Hoogte in the

Somerset East district, with a note by Dr. S. Schonland that

he is inclined to query the locality though he has seen a

similar specimen stated to be from Aliwal North. The

accompan5dng plate was prepared from a specimen collected

by Miss M. E. Connell at Breedt’s Nek on the Magaliesberg

range.

Description : — ^A succulent plant about 19 cm. high.

Stems brown, 0*8-1 cm. diameter. Leaves a dullish green,

sessile, 3-6 cm. long, 1 *5-4*3 cm. broad, usually obovate or

younger leaves sometimes oblong-obovate, rounded or very

obtuse at the apex, with entire ciliate margins, papillate-

pubescent on both surfaces. Inflorescence terminal, consist-

ing of a number of cymes on a sohtary peduncle. Peduncle

7-10 cm. long, with a pair of oblong bracts 4-9 mm. long

about the middle and a smaller pair just below the inflores-

cence, densely pubescent. Bract and bracteoles 3-3*5 mm.

long, linear to linear-oblong, ciliate, papillate-hirsute on the

back. Calyx-lobes 1*5 mm. long, lanceolate, obtuse, ciliate,

papillate-hirsute on the back. Corolla 6 mm. diameter above

when expanded; petals 3*5 mm. long, 1 mm. broad, hnear-

oblong, with a small mucro at the apex below the tip, very

finely cartilaginous-cihate on the margins, minutely papillate

on the upper half on the back. Filaments 1*25 mm. long,

linear; anthers, 0*25 mm. long. Car'pels 2*5 mm. long, with

several ovules in each carpel. Squamae 0*75 mm. long,

slightly less than 0*25 mm. broad, oblong, truncate. (National

Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 24,799.)

Plate 764. — Fig. 1, a single flower; 2, median longitudinal section of a

flower ; 3, calyx ; 4, corolla w*ith stamens ; 6, a single petal ; 6, a carpel ;

7, cross-section of a carpel ; 8, a single scale.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

755

-LiUi.

M.E. Connell del.

Plate 755.

STREPTOCARPUS Rexh.

Cape Province, Natal, Orange Free State, Transvaal.

Gesneeiaceae. Tribe Cyetandreae.

Streptooaepus Lindl. ; Benth. et Hook. f. 0&n. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1023.

Streptocarpus Rexii (Hook.) Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1173 (1828); FI. Cap.

vol. iv. sect. 2, p. 444 (1904).

Didymocarpus Rexii Hook. Exotic Flora, vol. iii. t. 227 (1827).

On plate No. 666 of this work we included a plate as S.

Rexii Lindl. that was collected in the Barberton district of

the Transvaal. The name 8. Rexii was accepted in the

broad sense so as to include forms that differed from the

typical form from the type locality. Subsequently we have

been able to examine a larger range of hving plants and are

now of the opinion that the plant figured on plate No. 666 is

8. cyaneus S. Moore and the same species as figured in the

Botanical Magazine on t. 8521. While the two species are

closely related, 8. cyaneus may be distinguished from true

8. Rexii in having a shorter corolla and a relatively wider

throat.

From the Barberton district of the Transvaal we have

received plants that are either forms of 8. Rexii or undescribed

species related to 8. Rexii. This group of related plants

(including 8. cyaneus) that extend from Knysna through the

eastern districts to the Drakensberg range in the Transvaal

need further investigation before their affinities can definitely

be settled. That the distribution-range of a species should

extend from Knysna to the mountains of the north-eastern

Transvaal is not so surprising, as we have records of other

species with a similar distribution. Mr. B. L. Burtt, of Kew,

who was good enough to examine some of our specimens,

writes : “I am forced to admit, rather reluctantly I confess,

that, Davison 118 from Berhn, Godwan River, Barberton

district is good S. Rexii. At least I can see no difference in

the dried specimens, and it is not for want of trying, as I had

hoped that Rexii would prove to be replaced by S. cyaneus in

Swaziland and the eastern Transvaal.”

The type of S. Rexii is the figure in Hooker’s Exotic Flora

(vol. iii. t. 227) which was drawn from a plant raised from

seed collected by Bowie at Knysna between the years 1817-

1822. The plant we figure on the accompanying plate was

collected by IVIr. G. W. Reynolds five miles from Port St.

Johns in Pondoland, and, though of a darker colour and

having a somewhat broader Hmb than the type-iUustration,

can scarcely be more than a minor form of S. Rexii. It was

found growing on almost vertical rock ledges in mossy shady

places. The specimen flowered in Pretoria at the Division of

Plant Industry in April 1939.

Desceiption : — A herbaceous acaulescent plant. Leaves varying much

in size on same plant according to age, 8-27 cm. long, 2-8 cm. broad,

lanceolate, obtuse, narrowing at the base, dark green above, paler beneath,

with the midrib very prominent (about 5 mm. in diameter at base of

larger leaves) and the lateral veins prominent, crenate and ciliate on the

margins, semi-scabrid above with bulbous-based hairs, somewhat coarsely

pubescent beneath. Peduncle 13-18 cm. long, 3 mm. diameter, pubescent.

Flowers usually solitary, sometimes 2 on a peduncle. Calyx-lobes 9 mm.

long, 1 mm. broad at the base, obtuse, pUose-setose from brownish bulbous

bases. Corolla-tube 6 cm. long, 1-7 cm. diameter above, 4 mm. diameter

below, glandular-pilose without and within the mouth, pale blue with dark

maroon and pink lines in the throat and mouth ; Hmb sub-bilabiate, 5 cm.

diameter; lobes 1-7 cm. long, 2 cm. broad, somewhat ovate, rounded above.

Free 'portion of filaments 1-1 cm. long, glandular-hairy especially near the

apex, kneed at jimction of portion of filament adnate to the corolla-tube ;

staminodes about 3 mm. long ; anthers 4 mm. long, cohering by their faces,

with a pale blue band on the back of the thecae. Ovary 4 cm. long, 1-5 mm.

diameter, cylindric, 2-chambered, pubescent ; style a short continuation of

the ovary bearing a fleshy ring as the stigma. (National Herbarium,

Pretoria, No. 24,802.) — E. P. P.

Plate 755. — Fig. 1, calyx; 2, median longitudinal section of corolla;

3, portion of corolla showing stamens and stammodes ; 4, pistil ; 5, stigma ;

6, cross section of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

M.E. Connell del.

Plate 756.

STREPTOCARPUS Meybri.

Cape Province.

Gesneriaceab. Tribe Cyrtandreae.

Streptocarpus Lindl. ; Benth. et Hook. /. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 1023.

Streptocarpus Meyeri B. L. Burtt in Kew Bull. 1939, 75,

S. parviflorus E. Mey. \Zwei Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 152 : 1843 — nomen

nudum] ex C. B. Clarke in DC. Mon. Phan. vol. v. p. 152 (1883), et in

Dyer, FI. Cap. vol. iv, sect. 2, p. 445 (1904) — ^not of Hook. f.

This species was first mentioned, by name only, as

Streptocarpus parviflorus by E. Meyer in the year 1843,

having been collected by Drege between the “ Omsamwubo

and Omsamcaba ” rivers. The first description under this

name, however, refers to another species, and it is to this

that the name 8. parviflorus must be applied.* The species

now illustrated was caUed 8. parviflorus in “ Flora Capensis,”

but has now been renamed 8. Meyeri (see Kew Bulletin, 1939,

73 for full discussion of the nomenclature).

Our plate was prepared from specimens that flowered aj;

the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria, in April 1939. The

original plants were collected by Mr. J. Erens on the southern

slopes of mountains near Grahamstown, in shady places

among grass in rich loamy soil.

As will be seen from the figure, the species is an exception-

ally delicate and graceful one and well worthy of the attention

of horticulturists.

Description : — An acaulescent plant. Leaves 5-13 cm.

long, 3-6 cm. broad, ovate, ovate-oblong, or oblong, obtuse,

crenate and ciliate on the margins, rugose and hispid above,

almost villous beneath and with the midrib and primary

laterals very prominent. Peduncle up to 20 cm. long, bear-

* S. parviflorus Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6636 (1882). 8. luteus C. B.

Clarke in DC. Mon. Phan. vol. v. p. 153 (1883).

ing usually 4 flowers, about 2 mm. diameter, pubescent.

Peduncle 5-7 mm. long, glandular-hairy. Sepals 3 mm. long,

lanceolate, glandular-hairy. Corolla sub-bilabiate; tube 1*5

cm. long, 4 mm. diameter, glandular-hairy without, hairy

within ; lobes 6 mm. long, 6 mm. broad ; the 2 lower some-

what ovate and with entire margins ; the 3 upper somewhat

obovate with shghtly irregular margins. Stamens at the base

of the corolla-tube; filaments 5 mm. long, glabrous; anthers

connate, 2 mm. long; staminodes below the fertile stamens,

1-5 mm. long, linear. Ovary 9 mm. long, about 1 mm.

diameter below, tapering above, 1 -chambered, with many

ovules on 2 placentae which protrude from the walls, some-

times the 2 placentae joined making the ovary 2-chambered,

densely glandular-hairy ; stigma a fleshy ring, minutely glan-

dular-hairy. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 24,801.) —

E. P. P.

Plate 756. — Fig. 1, calyx; 2, longitudinal section of corolla; 3, pistil;

4, stigma ; 5, 6, cross-sections of ovary.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

75 7

C.Lett.y del.

Plate 757.

HUERNIA HYSTRix.

Transvaal, Zululand.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.

Hueenia R. Br., Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.

Huernia hystrix N. E. Br. in FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 911.

In previous volumes we have figured several species of

the genus Huernia though this is the first opportunity we

have had of illustrating H. hystrix. When the specimen was

first collected in the year 1932 by Dr. H. G. Schweickerdt at

Mokeetsi in the northern Transvaal, it was thought to be a

species allied to H. hystrix. Since then the publication The

Stapelieae by Messrs. White and Sloane has appeared, from

which it is evident that the species is a very variable one, so

much so, that it has not been possible to affix varietal names

to the many forms that have been collected. In the circum-

stances, therefore, we feel more justified in regarding our plant

merely as a form of that species. From typical H. hystrix it

differs in the depth, width, and shape of the corolla-tube;

the colour, shape, position, and size of the outer-corona ; the

shape and venation (5 veins instead of 3) of the corolla-lobes.

The specimen collected by Dr. Schweickerdt was grown

and bloomed at the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria, in

February 1933.

Description : — Stem clear green, 7 cm. high, slender,

5-angled, glabrous, with prominent teeth. Teeth 4 mm. long

and approximately 1 cm. apart, hardening into spines from a

conical base. Peduncle hardly evident, arising at the base of

the young shoots. Flowers in cymes, developing in succes-

sion. P^icel 4 cm. long, spreading and bending downwards,

glabrous, with a narrow-hnear subulate bract about 8 mm.

long at the base. Sepals 7 mm. long, lanceolate, long-

acuminate, glabrous. Corolla 4 cm. diameter, subpentagonal.

mottled with red and rough on the outside, glabrous; tube

7 mm. deep, 16 mm. diameter outside, constricted at the

mouth by the thickening of the tube, banded inside %\T.th

purple-brown stripes, with the mouth densely covered wdth

spotted subulate papillae varying from small lumps to 4 mm.

in length and with the longest massed on the rim of the tube

and spotted and banded vuth purple-brovTi ; lobes 10 mm.

long, 13 mm. broad, deltoid, prominently 5- veined on the

backs, sulphur yellow on the upper surface and spotted with

brown and thickly papillate with short spotted processes;

teeth alternating vdth the lobes 3 mm. long, acuminate.

Outer corona white, situated like an inverted basin on the

floor of the tube, shortly 5-lobed; outer lobes 1 mm. long,

2-5 mm. broad, rectangular, irregularly and bluntly 3-toothed;

inner lobes yellow, dotted on the upper part vith purple-

brown, 6 mm. long, slightly higher than the mouth of the

tube, much exceeding the staminal column, linear, with a

dorsal crest low down, spreading and expanded above into a

hoof-shaped portion that is spotted on the face. (National

Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 15,273.)

Plate 757. — Fig. 1, a calyx-lobe; 2, median section through corolla

showing the corona; 3, back view of flower showing the five veins on

corolla; 4, outer corona; 6, inner corona seen from above; 6, a lobe of

inner corona.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

758

C. Letty del.

Plate 758.

HUERNIA HisLOPn.

Southern Rhodesia.

Asclepiadacbab. Tribe Stapblieae.

Huernia R. Br., Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 784.

Huernia Hislopii Turrill in Eew Bulletin 1922, p. 30.

The species we figure on the accompanying plate is one of

the many hving succulents collected by G. van Son on

the Vernay-Lang Kalahari Expedition. The particular speci-

men illustrated was found on hills between Umvuma and

Fort Victoria and was grown and flowered at the Division of

Plant Industry, Pretoria. The photograph (Fig. 1006) repro-

duced by White and Sloane in The Stapelieae is from the

same collection, though the stems are more robust than in

the specimen we figure; our specimen agrees more with

Fig. 1007 — a reproduction of a photograph taken by Mr. Carl

Luckhoff. The species was originally described by Dr. W. B.

Turrill from a specimen collected in Southern Rhodesia and

which flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. H.

Hislopii is allied to H. barbata, which we figured on Plate 488,

and a comparison with this plate will illustrate the points of

difference between the two species.

DESCRLPTioisr : — rather dehcate succulent, about 9 cm.

high. Stems branched, 4*5-7 mm. in diameter, 5-angled, with

the angles obtuse and bearing teeth 2 mm. long. Flowers

sohtary. Pedicel 8 mm. long, terete. Calyx-lobes 6 mm. long,

ovate-lanceolate, long acuminate, glabrous. Corolla-tube 1*2

cm. long, 9 mm. diameter below, broadening out to 2 cm.

diameter above, covered with papillae within especially on

the narrow portion of the tube; lobes 1 cm. long, ovate,

acuminate. Outer-corona 7 mm. diameter, consisting of 5

black oblong bilobed lobes ; inner corona-lobes 3*5 mm. long.

lanceolate-linear, recurved at the apex, overtopping the

staminal column. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 20,156.)

2,

Plate 758. — Fig. 1, section of portion of corolla showing papillae;

corona.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

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Plate 759.

ALOE AFFINIS.

Transvaal.

Liliaceae. Tribe Aeoineae.

Aloe Linn. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Oen. Plant, vol. iii. p. 776.

Aloe affinis Berger in Engler, Pflanzenreich, IV. 38, iii. 2, p. 206.

We are indebted to Dr. F. Z. van der Merwe, not only for

the specimen we have illustrated and which he collected at

Schoeman’s Kloof in the Transvaal, but also for the interest-

ing account of the species as observed in the veld. On

Plate 342 we figured an Aloe as A. affinis, but according to

Dr. van der Merwe this is possibly a form of A. parvibracteata

Schonl. from the eastern Transvaal. A. affinis grows in the

folds of the Drakensberg in the eastern Transvaal at an

altitude of 4,000-5,000 feet above sea level. It is found from

Slaaihoek in the south to Marieps Mountain in the north, and

from Lydenburg in the west to Sabie in the east. Although

plentiful, it does not seem to establish very large colonies and

apparently favours a sandstone or quartzite soil formation.

It does not frequently grow under trees, but prefers grassy

slopes. The flowering period is from April to August or even

to September. The species is distinguished from its nearest

relative among the Saponariae {A. Greatheadii Schonl.) by its

more elongated racemes of large weU-formed fiowers of a

uniform bright pink colour, and by the usual (but not

invariable) absence of whitish maculae on the leaves. From

A. graciliflora Groenw. it differs by its freer branching and

from A. barbertoniae Pole Evans in its denser shorter and

usually more erect racemes.

To the south-east and east (Schagen), this Aloe may

gradually take on the characteristics of A. barbertoniae, and

round Ohrigstad it hybridises freely with A. longibracteata

Pole Evans (see Plate 299), which fiowers from July to

September. South of Ohrigstad is found a form of A. affinis

with longer racemes of smaller flowers. Near Brandclraai,

A. affinis crosses wdth a form of A. chimanimaniensis Christian

(see Plate 639), and about Marieps Mountain it resembles a

form of A. Greatheadii which grows not far off, while over

Manoutsa it seems to be continuous with the shorter-racemed

and more brightly coloured A. immaculata Pillans.

Description : — Stem short or absent. Leaves about 20,

in a widely spreading rosette, up to 40 cm. long, up to 12 cm.

broad at the base, sometimes dry at the apex, armed wdth

dark brown spines along the margins and often showdng a

brown horny ridge between the spines, slightly concave

above, convex below, rarely maculate but often showdng dark

longitudinal stripes. Inflorescence 50 cm. or more high,

branched about the middle, usually with about 6 branches.

Racemes up to 30 cm. long, only moderately lax, conical to

pjTamidal. Bracts short. Perianth bright pink, usually 3-5

cm. long, distinctly curved, sw'ollen and 9 mm. diameter

above the ovary, then constricted and widening to 8 mm.

diameter above; segments very slightly recurved. Anthers

just exserted. (National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 24,940.)

Plate 759. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of flower.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

760

C.Letty del.

Plate 760.

CARALLUMA arenicola.

Cape Province.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribe Stapelieae.

Caballtjma R. Br. ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Plant, vol. ii. p. 782.

Caralluma arenicola N. E. Br. in FI. Cap. vol. iv. sect. 1, p. 883.

This somewhat rare species of Caralluma was collected by

the late Mr. G. J. de Wyn in one of the type locahties, viz.

the Prince Albert district. Specimens were grown and

flowered at the Division of Plant Industry in February 1937,

and from these specimens our plate was prepared. The

species belongs to a section of the genus characterised by

having the coroUa-lobes in. long, and this is the first

opportunity we have had to illustrate a species from this

particular group. Good photographs of specimens belonging

to the species are given by White and Sloane {The Stapelieae,

pp. 344-45), but this is the first occasion so far as we know

that a coloured illustration has been pubHshed.

Description : — Stems branching, 4-angled, 1*5-2 cm.

broad ; teeth on angles of stems acute, becoming blunt in the

older stems. Flowers fascicled near the base of the young

growths. Pedicel 3 mm. long. Sepals 2 mm. long, ovate-

lanceolate, acute. Corolla-tube greyish, with a band or

blotches of purple, minutely hairy with purple hairs on the

upper half, pustulate on the rim, 5 mm. long, 5 mm. diameter

above, campanulate, glabrous; lobes 1*1 cm. long, 3 mm.

broad at the base, strongly reflexed so that a narrow channel

is formed, acute, glabrous. Outer corona forming a basin-

shaped body, yellowish with purplish spots and blotches and

with each lobe minutely 2-toothed; inner lobes 1*5 mm. long,

0*5 mm. broad, hnear, obtuse, incumbent over the anthers.

(National Herbarium, Pretoria, No. 22,851.)

Plate 760. — Fig. 1, median longitudinal section of a flower; 2, a single

corolla-lobe ; 3, corona.

F.P.S.A., 1939.

INDEX TO VOLUME XIX

PLATE

Adenixbi coetaneum 753

Aloe aeeinis 759

Aloe Davyana var. subolieeka ..... 732

Aloe FRAMEsn 731

Aeoe stjpkafouata ....... 733

• Beownleea monophylla ...... 740

Cabatj.tjma abenicola ....... 760

Caealluma pkexnosa ....... 722

Cbassuea akgyrophylla ....... 754

Ckaterostigma WiLMsn ....... 730

Disa Begleyi ......... 736

Disa PiLLANsn ........ 737

Disa triloba ......... 738

Eulophta antennata ....... 728

'Euphorbia Wooun 723

Habenaria malacophylla ...... 725

Huernia Hisloph ........ 758

Huernia hystrix . . . . . . . .757

Lissochilus parviflorus ...... 739

• Neobakeria heterandra ...... 729

Pletygodium hastatum ....... 751

Polystachya zuluensis ....... 727

• Pterodiscus aurantiacus . . . . . .734

Schizodium: modestum ....... 752

Stapeua arenosa ........ 721

Stapelia Woodh 724

Streptocarpus Meyeri . . . . . . .756

• Streptocarpus Rexh . . . . . . .755

Watsonia Ardernei ....... 750

Watsonia Beatrices ....... 744

Watsonia bulbillieera ....... 726

Watsonia knysnana . . . . . . .746

Watsonia longieolia 741

Watsonia margin ata . . . . . . .748

Watsonia piLLANsn. ....... 745

Watsonia Verseeldh ....... 747

Watsonia vittata , . . . . . . .749

Watsonia Wilmaniae . . . . . . . 743

Watsonia Wordsworthiana ...... 742

Zantedeschia albomaculata 735

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