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THE

GARDENS BULLETIN

SINGAPORE |

Vol. XVIII, Part I 31st December, 1960

ADI

~ CONTENTS

PAGE

Corner, E. J. H.: Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia and

Australasia, Sections 5 & 6 : ; . ; 1

To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore

Price: $5.

Published by Authority

PrInreD BY Lee Kim HENG, ACTING GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORE.

1960

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THE

GARDENS BULLETIN

SINGAPORE

UVP. BYV VBA AAA AMA AAA 2AM

Vol. XVIII, Part I Issued 31st December, 1960

Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia

and Australasia

V. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. RHIZOCLADUS, KALOSYCE,

SINOSYCIDIUM, ADENOSPERMA, AND NEOMORPHE

By E. J. H. CORNER

Botany School, University of Cambridge

Summary

sect. Rhizocladus Endl.

New series and subseries:—ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner, sub-

ser. Plagiostigmaticae, subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner;

ser. Ramentaceae Corner, subser. Pantonianae Corner, subser.

Balanotae Corner, subser. Irritantes Corner, subser. Ramentaceae,

subser. Excavatae Corner, subser. Araneosae Corner: ser. Disti-

choideae Corner:; ser. Distichae Corner; ser. Trichocarpeae

Corner.

Earlier specific names and resulting combinations: ——F. sarmen-

tosa B. Ham. ex J. E. Sm. (F. foveolata Wall.), var. duclouxii

(Lévl. et Vant.) Corner, v. henryi (King) Corner, v. impressa

(Champ.) Corner, v. lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner, v. luducca

(Roxb.) Corner et f. sessilis Corner, v. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.)

Corner, v. thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner; F. sagittata Vahl (F.

ramentacea Roxb.) v. adhaerens (Miq.) Corner, v. minor Corner,

v. oligosperma (Miq.) Corner; F. hederacea Roxb. (F. seandens

Roxb.) ; F. trichocarpa Bl. v. borneensis (Miq.) Corner, v. obscura

(Hassk.) Corner, v. piperifolia (Miq.) Corner.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

New species:—F. amblisyce Corner, F. devestiens Corner, F.

ceanothifolia Corner, F. oxymitroides Corner, F. sphaerocarpa

Corner, F. spiralis Corner, F. uncinulata Corner, F. pendens Cor-

ner et var. appressa Corner, F. supperforata Corner, F. callicar-

pides Corner, F. detonsa Corner, F. phaeobullata Corner, F.

semilanata Corner, F. cinnamomea Corner, F. hypophaeola

Corner.

New varieties: —F. pubigera Wall. v. anserina Corner, v. mali-

formis (King) Corner; F. pumila Linn. v. awkeotsang (Makino)

Corner; F. laevis Bl. v. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner; F. pantoniana

King v. colobocarpa Diels ex Corner, v. rhytidophloea Corner; F.

odoardi King v. glabrata Corner; F. baeuerleni King v. vulcani-

formis Corner; F. villosa Bl. v. appressa Corner, v. subglobosa

Corner, v. tonsa Corner; F. recurva Bl. v. bridelioides Corner, v.

elegantior Corner, v. lasiocarpa Corner, v. pedicellata Corner; F.

lanata Bl. v. foveolata Corner; F. distichoidea Diels v. megacarpa

Corner; F. phatnophylla Diels v. glochidioides Corner, v. meio-

carpa (Diels) Corner; F. agapetoides Diels v. solomonensis Cor-

ner; F. nasuta Summerh. v. glabrata Corner.

sect. Kalosyce (Miq.) Corner.

New series and subseries:—ser. Apiocarpeae Corner, ser. Punc-

tatae Corner, subser. Punctatae, subser. Ruginerviae Corner.

Earlier specific epithet and resulting combinations:—F. auran-

tiacea Griff. (F. callicarpa Miq.), v. angustifolia Corner, v. parvi-

folia Corner.

New species: —F. ruginervia Corner.

New varieties: —F. apiocarpa Miq. v. villosa Corner; F. scrat-

chleyana King v. aurantiola Corner, v. rhopalosycia (Diels)

Corner.

sect. Sinosycidium Corner; F. tsiangii Merr. ex Corner.

sect. Adenosperma Corner.

Earlier specific epithets:—F. mollior F.v.M. ex Benth. (F.

gazellae Engl.), F. casearioides King (F. hylobia Diels), F. ery-

throsperma Migq. (F. pycnoneura Laut. et K. Schum.).

New species: —F. saccata Corner, F. verticillaris Corner et var.

robusta Corner, F. austrina Corner, F. tenella Corner, F. funi-

culosa Corner.

New varieties: —F. mollior F.v.M. v. pseudocovellia Corner, v.

sessilis Corner et f. riparia Corner; F. adenosperma Miq. v. ade-

nosperma f. angustifolia Corner, v. chaetophora (Warb.) Corner,

v. glabra Corner, v. microlepis Corner; F. casearioides King v.

gamosepala Corner; F. trichocerasa Diels vy. glabristipula Corner.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

sect. Neomorphe King. 7

New series and subseries:—ser. Auriculatae Corner, ser. Varie-

gatae Corner, subser. Variegatae et subser. Laciniatae Cornet.

_ New species:—F. robusta Corner, F. semivestita Corner.

New varieties: F. variegata Bl. v. garciae (Elmer) Corner, v.

ilangoides (Elmer) Corner, var. sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner.

SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. RHIZOCLADUS ENDL.

Gen. Pl. Suppl. IV, 2 (1847) 34. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.—

This section has never been employed but it is a good one for most

climbing figs usually assigned to sect. Ficus (Eusyce). The habit of

climbing with adventitious roots from the nodes, while retaining

attachment with the soil and not becoming epiphytic, occurs also in

sect. Kalosyce (Synoecia). Both sections agree in the oblong com-

pressed seed, often narrowly winged, and this shape is diagnos-

tically different from the lenticular, reniform, or tuberculate seed

of sect. Ficus. In sect. Rhizociadus the male flower has two sta-

mens, in Kalosyce only one. In both there are neuter flowers in the

seed-fig in place of the male in the gall-fig, and sect. Kalosyce is

distinguished by the abundance of stalked neuter flowers through-

out the seed-fig. The two sections might be considered as a fifth

subgenus, developed predominantly in the Malaysian high forest,

but the floral details agree so closely with those of subgen. Ficus

that I prefer to leave them as sections. In sect. Rhizocladus I

distinguish five series and eight subseries.

ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner ser. nov.—Varinga Raf. Sylv. Tel-

lur. (1838) 58.—Tenorea Gasp. Parl. Giorn. Bot. 2 (1844) 214;

Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 3 (1845) 343.—Plagiostigma Zucc. Fl. Jap.

Fam. Nat. 2 (1846) 98 (nom. nud.); Benth. et Hook. Gen. Plant. 3

(1880) 1224.—Ficus sect. Plagiostigma (Zucc.) Mig. Hook. Lond.

J. Bot. 7 (1848) 436.—subgen. Plagiostigma (Zucc.) Mig. Ann.

Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 294.—-Antherae mucronatae, fila-

menta libera v. leviter connata. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares.

Receptacula maturitate lutea, brunneo-lutea, v. purpureo-nigra,

haud rubra (? F. laevis), otiolo haud v. vix depresso: bracteis basa-

libus persistentibus: setis internis copiosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis.

Cystolitha hypogena. India, China, Japan to Sumatra, Java, and

Borneo, 4 spp. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.

subser. Plagiostigmaticae.—Folia disticha, supra nervis nervu-

lisque leviter elevatis, subtus areolis foveolatis v. nervulis reti-

culatis bene elevatis: bathyphylla bene evoluta, minora, appressa,

Gardens Bulletin, S-

brevipetiolata, saepe asymmetrica. Receptacula axillaria, pedun-

culata sed raro pedicellata. 3 spp. Typus:—F. pumila Linn.

subser. Pogonotropheae (Miq.) Corner subser. nov.—

Pogonotrophe Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 525.—Ficus

subgen. Pogonotrophe Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867)

293.—Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita, saepe ovata, costis

basalibus elongatis, supra nervis haud elevatis, subtus areolis planis

nervulisque vix elevatis: bathyphylla vix distincta, haud appressa.

Receptacula solitaria, axillaria v. cauliflora, pedunculata et saepe

pedicellata. Species 1, F. laevis Bl.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner ser. nov.—Ficus sect. Trematosycea

Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 451.—subgen. Trematosycea

Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293 (lectotypus, F.

villosa Bl.).—subgen. Eumetamorphe Sata sect. Eusyce (Miq.)

Benth. et Hook. subsect. Punctulifolieae Sata, Monogr. (1944)

329, 384 (lectotypus, F. villosa Bl.).—Antherae mucronatae,

filamenta connata saepe in pedicello communi. Flores masculi et

neutri ostiolares. Receptacula axillaria v. ad ramulos defoliatos

fasciculata, maturitate rubra: pedunculo brevi v. nullo, quam pedi-

cello saepe bene evoluto breviori, v. receptacula sessilia. India,

South China, usque ad Solomon Isl., 27 spp. Typus:—F. villosa

Bl.

subser. Pantonianae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis

scleroticis in pariete praedita: ostiolo plus minus depresso. Cysto-

litha amphigena. 3 spp. Typus:—F. pantoniana King.

subser. Balanotae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis

scleroticis praedita: ostiolo haud depresso, bracteis apicalibus con-

spicuis. Cystolitha amphigena. 5 spp. Typus:—F. balanota Diels.

subser. Irritantes Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis

scleroticis praedita: ostiolo depresso. Cystolitha amphigena. Pili

rigidi irritantes. 5 spp. New Guinea. Typus:—F. odoardi King.

subser. Ramentaceae.—Receptacula cellulis scleroticis nullis

(praeter F. urnigera Miq.): ostiolo depresso. Cystolitha amphi-

gena. 10 spp. Typus:—F. villosa Bl.

subser. Excavatae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis

scleroticis nullis: ostiolo vix depresso. Cystolitha hypogena.

Lamina saepe subtus areolis foveolatis. 4 spp. Typus:—F. exca-

vata Wall. ex King.

subser. Araneosae Corner subser. nov.—Receptacula cellulis

scleroticis praedita: ostiolo plano. Cystolitha hypergena. Floccoso-

tomentosa pilis flexuosis. Species 1, F. araneosa King.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

ser. Distichoideae Corner ser. nov.—Antherae non mucronatae,

filamenta libera. Flores masculi et neutri ostiolares. Receptacula

maturitate rubra, saepe pedunculata, pedicello nullo: bracteis

basalibus plerumque caducis: ostiola depresso: setis internis nullis:

cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Folia disticha parva, plerumque obtusa,

nervis nervulisque subtus vix elevatis, brunneo-areolata: bathy-

phylla ut acrophylla sed minora. Cystolitha amphigena. Moluccas,

New Guinea, Solomon Isl., 4 spp. Typus:—F. distichoidea Diels.

ser. Distichae Corner ser. nov.—Ficus sect. Kissosycea Miq.

Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 452 (lectotypus, F. scandens

Roxb. ).—sect. Eusyce (Miq.) Benth. et Hook. subsect. Areolati-

folieae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 327, 384 (lectotypus, F. areolata

Elmer).—Antherae non mucronatae, filamenta libera v. leviter

connata. Flores masculi et neutri dispersi. Receptacula saepe pedi-

cellata: bracteis basalibus parvis, saepe caducis: setis internis nul-

lis v. paucis minutis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Plus minus glabrae.

Lamina sicca subtus brunneo-areolata: bathyphylla vix distincta.

Cystolitha hypogena. Ceylon, India, China, usque ad ins. Philip-

pine et Molucca, 5 spp. Typus:—F. disticha BI.

ser. Trichocarpeae Corner ser. nov.—Antherae mucronatae

longae, filamenta libera. Flores masculi et neutri dispersi, plerum-

que sessiles, perianthio toto gamophyllo conico. Flores feminei et

cecidiophori tepalis liberis ovario longioribus: ovario cecidiophoro

plerumque rufo-brunneo. Receptacula pedunculata, raro etiam

pedicellata, maturitate rubra v. purpureo-nigra: ostiolo haud de-

presso v. vix: setis internis saepe copiosis: cellulis scleroticis copi-

Osis v. nullis. Plerumque lamina. ovata, costis lateralibus utrin-

secus 3-5 (—7), intercostis numerosis, costis basalibus ad 44+

laminae elongatis. Cystolitha plerumque hypogena. Indochina,

Thailand, Malaysia, Solomon Isl., New Hebrides, 13 spp. Typus:

—F. trichocarpa Bl. (F. obtusa Hassk.).

ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner subser. Plagiostigmaticae

F. pubigera Wall. ex Mig. var. anserina Corner v. nov.—Ramuli,

petioli, costae, et receptacula pilis fulvidulis 1-3 mm. longis

patentibus villosi. Ramuli 2—4 mm. crassi. Lamina —30 x 8

cm., elliptica, apice acuminata —27 mm. longo, basi subcordata

v. rotundata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—7, intercostis —7,

subtus areolis planis, nervis nervulisque elevatis: costis basalibus

utrinsecus 2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 12-20 mm.

Receptacula corpore 40-60 x 40-50 mm., ellipsoidea v. sub-

globosa, ostiolo paulum depresso: pedunculo 3—15 mm. longo:

bracteis basalibus 4-6 mm. longis, ovatis, acutis: pedicello 10-20

Gardens Bulletin, S.

mm. longo: setis internis —1 mm. longis, copiosis. Flores cecidio-

phori tepalis flexuosis, inferne crassis induratis ochraceis,

superne tenuibus rubris, ovario multo longioribus. Laos (Muang

Aum, Chieng Kwang, Kerr 20955, typus herb. Br. Mus.).

Ut v. maliformis King sed major, tepalis cecidiophoris bicolori-

bus.

var. maliformis (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. foveolata Wall.

var. maliformis King et v. oleaeformis King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard.

Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, pl. 168.

F. pumila Linn. var. awkeotsang (Makino) Corner comb. nov.—

F. awkeotsang Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 18 (1904) 151; Sata,

Monogr. (1944) 43, 65, 91.

F. sarmentosa B. Ham. ex J.E. Sm. Rees Cyclop. 14 (1810) n.

45.—F. cabur B. Ham. ex J. E. Sm. id. n. 47.—Pogonotrophe

? foveolata Wall. ex Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 77.—

F. foveolata Wall. ex Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867)

294.—The types of F. sarmentosa and F. cabur are preserved

in the herbarium of the Linnean Society of London (n. 1610.40,

and 1610.41) and are unquestionably this species.

var. duclouxii (Lévl. et Vant.) Corner comb. nov.—F. duclouxii

Lévl. et Vant. Fedde’s Rep. 4 (1907) 84.—Yunnan:—Ducloux

106 (typus); Henry 9855:; Forrest 11127; Handel-Mazzetti 719;

Schneider 408.

var. henryi (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. foveolata Wall. v.

henryi King ex D. Oliver, Hook. Ic. Pl. 19 (1889) t. 1824.—F.

arisanensis Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 8 (1919) 114, f. 38.-—F.

foveolata Wall. v. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo Fl. Formosa (1936)

45; Sata, Monogr. (1944) 43, 90.—Formosa, China (Szechwan

and Yunnan to Chekiang).

Formosa:—Wilson 9687, 10124. China:—Carles 639; R. C.

Ching 1669, 2674; W. P. Fang 782; Henry 3008, 3552a (type):

Hopkingson 379; Maire 601; Meyer 1518; C. Pei 10083; Pratt

139; Schneider 712: C. Silvestri 364-367, 2941, 3468-3471;

W. T. Tsang 21419; Y. Tsiang 4902; Wilson 143, 2797.

var. impressa (Champ.) Corner comb. nov.—F. impressa

Champ. ex Benth. Hook. Kew J. Bot. 6 (1854) 76.—F. foveolata

Wall. v. impressa (Champ.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2

(1888) 134.

var. lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner comb. nov.—F. botryoides Lévl.

et Vant. Fedde’s Rep. 4 (1907) 83, non Baker.—F. lacrymans

Lévl. Fl. Kouy-Tcheou (1915) 431.—F. kwangtungensis Mert.

J. Arn. Arb. 8 (1927) 3.—This is the state with small figs and

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

small glabrous leaves drying grey-green on both sides and with

minutely foveolate, but glabrous, areolae. It has been confused

with F. martini which is one of several other synonyms of v.

impressa.

China:—Bodinier 2653 (type, F. botryoides); Cavalerie 1142;

CCC 12832 (type, F. kwangtungensis); H. C. Chow 539, 1333;

W. Y. Chun 5986; Esquirol 727, 3573 (type, F. lacrymans);

Henry 1095, 7843; S. K. Lau 864; T. C. Lee 4583; Maire 327;

J. F. Rock 12006; A. N. Steward, C. Y. Chiao, and H. C. Cheo

542, 943; Y. Tsiang 5719, 8526, 12487; W. T. Tsung 23415,

23583; F. T. Wang 22720; Wilson 154; C. T. Wuang 466. Ton-

kin:—Balansa 4458, Poilane 17221.

var. luducca (Roxb.) Corner comb. nov.—F. luducca Roxb. FI.

Ind. 3 (1832) 534; Griffith Ic. Pl. As. (1854) t. 561 (2), ut

Ficus sp.—tThis is the state with prominent hairy reticulations on

the underside of the lamina, short basal nerves, and medium-sized

figs. The type is a specimen of Roxburgh’s without number in

Herb. Martii (Brussels) labelled by Roxburgh “Lod-oo-ee, Dey-

bree, Dosah, 9th May 96 Ficus lodooee R.”

f. sessilis Corner f. nov.—Receptacula sessilia v. fere, mox

glabra, 7-9 mm. lata, setis internis paucis v. copiosis China

(Szechuan, Hupeh, Kweichow, Yunnan).

K. L. Chu 3739, 3717; H. C. Chow 1048, 1967; Henry 3122,

3302 (typus, herb. Kew), 9171; Faber 448; A. N. Steward, Cc. ¥e

Chiao, et H. C. Cheo 584.

var. nipponica (Fr. et Sav.) Corner comb. nov.—F. oxyphylla

Mig. Zoll. Syst. Verz (1854) 93.—F. nipponica Fr. et Sav. En.

Pl. Jap. 1 (1875) 436.—F. foveolata Wall. v. nipponica (Fr. et

Sav.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 134, p. 167E.

var. thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner comb. nov.—F. thunbergii

Maxim. Bull. Ac. Sc. Petersb. 11 (1883) 339.—F. foveolata

Wall. v. thunbergii (Maxim.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1,

2 (1888) 134, pl. 167G.

ser. Plagiostigmaticae Corner subser. Pogonotropheae

(Miq.) Corner

F. laevis Bl. var. macrocarpa (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—

Pogonotrophe macrocarpa Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848)

74.—Covellia guttata Wight, Ic. 6 (1853) 8, t. 1966.—-F.

vagans Roxb. v. macrocarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3

(1867) 293.—F. macrocarpa Wight ex King, Ann. R. Bot.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 166, t. 208.—F. guttata (Wight)

King, id. 166, t. 209.—Because of the cauliflorous habit King

referred these plants to sect. Neomorphe, but they are root-

climbers with leaves exactly as in F. laevis, from which they

differ merely in the cauliflorous figs.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Pantonianae Corner

F. pantoniana King var. colobocarpa Diels ex Corner v. nov.—

Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneis ap-

pressis —1 mm. longi vestiti. Receptacula 10 mm. lata, pubes-

centia dein glabra, apice late subtruncato, ostiolo depresso:

pedunculo | mm. longo: bracteis basalibus appresse pilosis,

caducis: pedicello 2—3.5 mm. longo: setis internis numerosis.

Terr. New Guinea (Morobe, Clemens 2124, typus herb. Berlin,

det F. colobocarpa Diels ms.).

var. rhytidophloea Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, et costa

media (subtus) pilis brunneis appressis 1-2 mm. longis vestiti,

glabrescentes. Stipulae glabrae. Lamina 2-6.5 x 1.5-3.5 cm.,

ovato-elliptica, obtusa v. subacuta, basi rotundata, tenuiter

coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—7, intercostis 1—2, subtus

vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, ad 44+ laminae

elongatis: petiolo 6-13 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria et ad

ramulos defoliatos, glabra, haud brunneo-furfuracea, maturitate

rubra: pedunculo 1—1.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2 mm.

longis, ovatis, acutis, glabris, persistentibus: pedicello 0-3 mm.

longo: corpore receptaculi 14-17 mm. lato (21—24 mm., vivo),

subgloboso, valde rugoso-tuberculato, ostiolo plano _ bracteis

apicalibus parvis nonnullis occluso: setis internis nullis: pariete

3—4 mm. crasso: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Papua, 1,300—2,000

m. alt.

Forsan species nova sed v. colobocarpa plus minus intermedia.

Brass 23339 (Milne Bay District, Mt. Dayman, typus, Grey

herb. Harvard); Carr 13616 (Alola).

F. amblisyce Corner sp. nov.—Scandens, foliis distichis. Ramuli,

stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis pallidis rigidis appressis

1—2 mm. longi sparsim vestiti, glabrescentes. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm.

crassi, brunnei. Stipulae 14 mm. longae. Lamina 5-9 x 2.2—-4

cm., ovata v. elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi leviter cordata v.

rotundata, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—6 (—7),

intercostis —5, subtus valde elevatis, supra haud v. vix impressis,

areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1-2, ad 4 laminae

elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 7-22 mm. Receptacula

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

axillaria binata sessilia v. pedunculo puberulo —0.5 mm. longo:

praedita, 7-9 mm. lata, obtuse subconoidea, glabra, ostiolo

minuto depresso: bracteis basalibus 3, 2—2.5 mm. longis,

sparsim appresse pilosis, ovatis, subacutis, caducis: setis internis

nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores ut in F. pantoniana.

Cystolitha amphigena. New Guinea, in silvis c. 900 m. alt. (van

Royen 3775, typus herb. Leiden).

F. sagittatae v. adhaerenti similis sed cellulis scleroticis copiosis.

in pariete ut in F. pantoniana.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Balanotae Corner

F. devestiens Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae,

costae (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis 1—2 (—4) mm.

longis rectis patentibus hispidi v. strigosi: nervuli subtus sparsim

pilosi. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —15 mm.

longae. Lamina 4-17 & 2-6 cm., ovato-elliptica, ad apicem

subacuminatum attenuata, basi subcordata rotundata v. late

cuneata, membranacea v. subcoriacea fragilisque, laevis, supra

glabra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—9, intercostis —7, supra

leviter impressis et subtus leviter elevatis, areolis planis: costis

basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis

basalibus 2: petiolo 8-17 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v.

complures fasciculata, sessilia, 6-8 mm. lata (? matura), sub-

globosa v. subconica, dense villosa, ostiolo plano bracteis

apicalibus parvis 3 occluso: bracteis basalibus in membrana

tridentata 4-6 mm. longa connatis, uno latere fissa, caduca,

sparsim pilosa: setis internis sparsis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis

?. Flores ut in F. sagittata. Cystolitha amphigena. Amboina,

Ternate.

Bracteis basalibus connatis, receptaculi ostiolo non depresso dis-

tincta, F. balanotae affinis.

Amboina:—C. B. Robinson 1677 (typus herb. Leiden; det. F.

villosa). Ternate:—Beguin 1302 (det. F. recurva).

F. ceanothifolia Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, sti-

pulae, et costae (subtus) pilis 1-3 mm. longis fulvo-brunneis

rectis patentibus hirsuti: nervuli subtus pilis albidis, saepe

flexuosis, sparsim pubescentes. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi, brun-

nei, glabrescentes. Stipulae —7 mm. longae. Lamina 1-2.7 x

0.7—1.7 cm., elliptica v. ovata, acuta v. subacuta, basi rotundata

v. cuneata, rigide coriacea bullata, apici marginibusque recur-

vatis, supra subscabrida subtus hirsuta: costis lateralibus utrin-

secus 3—4, intercostis —5, supra valde impressis, subtus valde

Gardens Bulletin, S.

elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1-2, ad 4-4 laminae

elongatis: petiolo 2-5 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria solitaria

sessilia, 3.5—-5 mm. lata, subglobosa, pilis fulvidulis appressis

sparsim vestita, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 3 planis v.

convexis occluso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3 mm. longis, ovatis

acutis, ad mediam pilosis, persistentibus: setis internis nullis:

cellulis scleroticis in rec. fem. copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles

v. breviter stipitati. Semina anguste carinata. Cystolitha amphi-

gena. New Guinea (Wissel Lake region, c. 1,700 m. alt., Eyma

5080, typus herb. Leiden).

Forsan F. sageretinae Diels forma alticola sed hirsutior, lamina

minor, bracteae basales haud caducae, bracteae apicales haud

prominentes, costae laterales paucae.

F. oxymitroides Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, stipulae, et

petioli pilis albis —0.5 mm. longis sparsim puberuli; nodi pilis

paucis 2—3 mm. longis appressis rigidis praediti. Ramuli 1.5—2

mm. crassi, fusco-brunneae, compressi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae,

appresse puberulae, caducae. Lamina 8-14 « 3.5—5 cm., ovato-

elliptica, ad apicem 10-20 mm. longum acuminata, basi late

cuneata v. subrotunda, membranacea dein subcoriacea, laevis,

glabra, integra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-6 (—7), subtus

elevatis, intercostis —6, vix elevatis, supra haud impressis, nervis

reticulatis planis, minute brunneo-areolatis: costis basalibus ut-

rinsecus 1—2, ad 4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 8-15 mm. Recep-

tacula ad ramulos efoliatos, puberula dein glabra, coccinea;

pedunculo 4-5 mm.: bracteis basalibus caducis (non visis):

pedicello 5—6 mm., gracili: corpore receptaculi 10 K 9 mm.,

elliptico, bracteis apicalibus conspicuis —1.5 mm. projicientibus:

setis internis nullis: pariete tenui, cellulis scleroticis copiosis.

Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: tepalis 4, liberis

rubris. Semina 1.5—1.7 mm. longa, anguste carinata. Cystolitha

amphigena. New Guinea (T.N.G., Eastern Highlands, Kini, Mt.

Michael, ad rupes; NGF 11418, typus in herb. Brisbane).

Lamina ut in F. sagittata et vix distincta, sed bracteae apicales

conspicuae ut in subser. Balanotae.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Irritantes Corner

F. odoardi King var. glabrata Corner v. nov.—F. cinnabarina S.

Moore, J. Bot. 61 (1923) suppl. 50.—Praeter receptacula sti-

pulasque glabra v. pilis paucis ad nodos. New Guinea.—Forbes

171 (typus F. cinnabriana) ; Brass 7214, 7463, 8098; Carr

12523 (Koitaki, typus v. glabrata, herb. Br. Mus.); Kanehira

1837.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

F. sphaerocarpa Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Ramuli, petioli, costae:

(subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis erectis irritantibus —1.5

mm. longis strigosi: nervuli subtus pilis albidis, saepe flexuosis,

breviter villosi: Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae appresse

pilosae, caducae. Lamina 7-15 x 4.5—-6.5 cm., ovata v. el-

liptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, co-

riacea fragilis, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6,

intercostis strictis —9, supra valdiuscule impressis, subtus valde

elevatis, areolis planis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 44

laminae elongatis: petiolo 12-20 mm. Receptacula axillaria,

pilis irritantibus brunneis strigoso-villosa, praeter ostiolum gla-

brescentia, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 2-6 mm. longo: pedi-

cello O-S mm.: bracteis basalibus 3-6 « 4-9 mm., ovato-

acutis, appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 30-35 mm. lato.

(40-45 mm., vivo) subgloboso, ostiolo in tubulo piloso 5-7

mm. longo depresso, bracteis apicalibus immersis occluso: setis

internis 1—2 mm. longis, flavidulis, rigidis, copiosis: cellulis.

scleroticis in pariete S~7 mm. crasso copiosis. Flores ut in

F. odoardi. Cystolitha amphigena. Papua (Boridi, 1,600 m. alt.,.

Carr 13553, typus herb. Singapore).

F. odoardi affinis sed setis internis copiosis, foliis rigide coria-

ceis, venis supra impressis differt. Quam F. irritanti Summerh. et

F. insculpta Summerh. receptacula multo majora.

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Ramentaceae

F. baeuerleni King var. vulcaniformis Corner v. nov.—Tenuiuscule

villosa v. appresse pilosa, pilis —1.5 mm. longis. Lamina 8—16

< 3.5-6 cm., anguste elliptica v. lanceolata. Receptacula

brunneo-villosula, pilis —0.5 mm. longis: pedunculo 2—5 mm.

longo: pedicello 2-7 mm.: corpore receptaculi 13—20 mm. lato,

apice conico vulcaniformi, ostiolo ad basim tubuli glabri 4-6

mm. alti bracteis apicalibus parvis occluso: setis internis bre-

vibus, albidis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete tenui nullis.

Terr. New Guinea, New Britain, Solomon Isl.

Primo species nova videtur sed specimina v. baeuerleni non-

nulla plus minus intermedia.

Hoogland 4178 (T.N.G., Northern District, Tufi subdistr,);

NGF 3458 (New Britain, Keravat, typus herb. Lae); Brass 3458

(Solomon Isl., Ysabel, Sigana); Kajewski 2618 (Solomon Isl.,

Guadalcanal, Tutuve Mt.).

F. sagittata Vahl, En. 2 (1806) 185.—¥F. compressicaulis BI.

Bijdr. (1825) 439.—F. ramentacea Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832)

547.—This species has been generally known as F. ramentacea

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Roxb., but the name is antedated by F. sagittata Vahl and F.

compressicaulis Bl. The type of F. sagittata is a sterile bathy-

phyll-shoot, identical with the bathyphylls of F. ramentacea; the

glabrescent, non-bullate lamina with shallowly cordate base

shows that it is not F. villosa. There is no specimen of F. com-

pressicaulis Bl. at Leiden, but there is a sterile specimen, so

named, in the herbarium of R. Schomburgk (Adelaide Botanic

Garden) which agrees exactly with Blume’s description and is

F. ramentacea; it has the characteristically compressed inter-

nodes described by Blume, which occur in the young shoots of

this and related species. I have referred F. microcarpa Bl., which

is F. leptocarpa Steud., to F. recurva Bl. because there is no

specimen of Blume’s labelled F. microcarpa at Leiden, but Rein-

wardt 1030 (Java) is labelled F. microcarpa Bl. by Reinwardt.

Miquel, however, consistently interpreted F. leptocarpa Steud.

as F. ramentacea, that is F. sagittata.

var. adhaerens (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. adhaerens Miq.

Pl. Jungh. (1851) 55.—F. leptocarpa Steud. v. adhaerens Miq.

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 280.—This is distinguished

by the more or less sessile fig and the white latex (yellow in the

large, stout v. sagittata).

var. minor Corner v. nov.—F. tayabensis Elmer Leafl. Philip.

Bot. 1 (1907) 255.—F. rubrocarpa Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 9

(1937) 3476.—Planta minus robusta, internodis brevioribus,

lamina minori, latice albido. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi: internodis

ramulorum fertilium 12—20 mm. longis. Lamina 6-14 3-7 cm.

Receptacula 10 mm. lata, pedunculo 0-1 mm. longo, pedicello

1-5 mm. Malaya, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Philippine Isl.

Malaya:—King’s coll. 5252, 6421. Sumatra:—Forbes 1538;

Iboet 238; Lorzing 5177, 9306. Java:—Backer 30100; Forbes

1140, 1387; Horsfield 930; Koorders 27071, 28007; Hort. Bot.

Bog. XV B 74 (typus, herb. Bogor) et 79. Borneo: —Endert 1883;

Elmer 21775. Philippines: —Elmer 8266, 13045, 14523, 16420.

var. oligosperma (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—F. oligosperma

Mig. Pl. Jungh. (1851) 55.—F. leptocarpa Steud. v. oligosperma

Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 280.—This differs from

v. minor in the practically sessile, thinly hairy fig.

F. villosa Bl. var. appressa Corner v. nov.—Petioli et costa media

(subtus) pilis appressis 1-2 mm. longis praediti. North Borneo.

Clemens (Kinabalu) 26600, 40413, 40745; Elmer 21034

(Tawao, typus herb. Br. Mus.); For. Bur. B.N.B. 2857. (Bet-

totan).

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

var. subglobosa Corner v. nov.—Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1859)

317, t. 21B.—Ut v. villosa sed corpus receptaculi 6-8 mm. latum

subglobosum, haud umbonatum: pedunculo —1 mm. longo: pedi-

cello 1.5—3 mm. longo. Lamina ovato-lanceolata v. subisosceles,

basi late subtruncata. Thailand, Penang, North Borneo, Mentawei

Isl.

Thailand:—Kerr 578 (Kao Saming, Krat), 15552 (Kao Luang,

N. Sritamarat). Penang:—Curtis 173 (typus, herb. Singapore).

Mentawei:—Boden-Kloss 10593 (Siberut); Iboet 526 (Sipora);

Ridley 14797 (Sipora). Borneo:—Clemens 28426, 28726A

(Kinabalu; 28726 — Urophyllum, 28726B — Pandanus; ? cum

28426 commixta).

var. tonsa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula sparsim appresse

puberula, dein glabra, primo minute rubigino-furfuracea: pedun-

culo 0.5—2 mm. longo: pedicello O-1 mm. longo: corpore recep-

taculi S~7 « 6-8 mm., depresso-globoso, subtruncato, haud um-

bonato: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Malaya

(Cameron Highlands, Pahang, 1,300 m. alt., Sing. F.n. 32858,

typus herb. Singapore).

Lamina ut in F. villosa, ceeaaeacala ut in F. urnigera Miq. sed

-cellulis scleroticis deficientibus.

F. spiralis Corner sp. nov.—Scandens, ad truncos arborum cir-

cumvolvens, foliis distichis, alternis 4—7 nodis foliatis et 5—20

nodis efoliatis stipulatis, apice foliato v. modo stipulato spici-

formi: ramuli fertiles pendentes, similiter instructi: bathyphylla

nulla. Ramuli, petioli, costa media (subtus), et receptacula pilis

brunneolis plus minus erectis. dense strigosi, ad ramulos 1-2

mm. longis, ad petiolum et costam 2—4 mm.: costae laterales

pilis brevioribus sparsis, intercostae scabrido-puberulae. Ramuli

5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12-30 mm. longae, late lanceolatae,

appresse puberulae, persistentes. Lamina 28-42 « 8-14 cm.,

plus minus anguste elliptica v. obovata, ad apicem acuminatum

gracilem 15—25 mm. longum attenuata, ad basim subtruncatum

attenuata, rigide chartacea, subtus subscabrida: costis lateralibus

utrinsecus 12—14, curvatis, vix inarcuatis, subtus valde elevatis,

supra leviter impressis, intercostis strictis 7-13 subtus elevatis,

areolis planis: costis basalibus 2 (—3), brevibus, glandulis basa-

libus 2: petiolo 10-20 mm. longo, 3—5 mm. crasso. Receptacula

subsessilia 2—6 fasciculata, axillaria: pedunculo 0.5—1 mm.

longo: bracteis basalibus 1—1.5 mm. longis, lanceolatis, acutis,

appresse puberulis, persistentibus: pedicello nullo: corpore re-

ceptaculi 6-7 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, pilis brunneolis 1—2

Gardens Bulletin, S.

mm. longis dense strigoso, ostiolo minuto depresso: setis internis

nullis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. sagittata. Cysto-

litha amphigena. Sarawak.

Species habitu in genere singularis. Plantas steriles prope Ku-

ching nonullae vidi.

Purseglove 4642 (Sematan, Kg. Pueh, typus, herb. Cambridge);

Corner s.n. (Bt. Kuap. pr. Kuching, Jan. 1959).

F. recurva Bl. var. bridelioides Corner v. nov.—Sparsim pilosa v.

subglabra. Lamina 3-8 x 1.5-6 cm., ovata, ovato-lanceolata,

v. obovata, obtusa v. subacuta, ut in v. ribesioides (Wall.) King:

costis lateralibus 3-4 (—5), supra haud impressis. Receptacula

6—8 mm. lata, pedicellis longioribus 2-8 mm. Thailand, Malaya,

Sumatra, Borneo.

Thailand:—Kerr 15870 (Songkla). Kedah:—Vesterdal s.n.

Trengganu :—Sing. F.n. 25941 (typus, herb. Singapore). Perak:

—King’s coll. 4575, 5490, 10193; Wray 693, 2890. Johore:—

H. M. Burkill 1806: Teruya 448. Sumatra:—Bartlett 7221, 7324,

8788 (Asahan). Borneo:—Beccari 837, 1361 (Sarawak).

var. elegantior Corner v. nov.—Pilosa ut v. ribesioides (Wall. )

King. Lamina 7-16 « 2-—5.5 cm., anguste oblonga, subacuminata,

basi rotundato-subcordata v. cuneata: costis lateralibus 5—6 (-—7),

obliquis, supra haud v. vix impressis, intercostis numerosis 3-12.

Receptacula 4-6 mm. lata; pedunculo nullo: pedicello 3-5 mm.

longo. Malaya, Bangka, Borneo.

F. uncinulatae Corner similis.

Sing. F.n. 30126 (Trengganu, typus herb. Singapore); Ver-

hoef 100 (Borneo, Pulau Laut); Bunnemeyer 1504 (Bangka);

Teysmann 6859 (Bangka).

var. lasiocarpa Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, stipulae,

laminae pagina inferior, et receptacula pilis fulvis erectis 1-3 mm.

longis lanuginosi: costae et nervuli subtus pilis brevibus uncinatis

intermixtis. Receptacula pilis uncinatis deficientibus, 7—9 mm.

lata: pedunculo 0-1 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2—3 mm. longis:

pedicello O-1.5 mm.: setis internis paucis. Borneo (Kinabalu)

1,000-1,600 m. alt.

F. villosae Bl. v. appressae similis, sed nervi pilis brevibus un-

cinatis praediti ut in F. recurva.

Sing. F.n. 26681 (typus, herb. Singapore), 27816; Clemens

30271.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

var. pedicellata Corner v. nov.—Ut v. recurva sed receptacula

pilis uncinatis —-0.5 mm. longis hispidula, pedicellis gracilibus 2.5—

4 mm. longis. Borneo (W. Koetai, Endert 3296, typus herb.

Leiden).

F. uncinulatae Corner approximans sed ramuli et petioli pilis

longis rectis ut in F. recurva.

F. uncinulata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis. Ramuli, folia, et

receptacula pilis brevibus 0.5—-1 mm. longis uncinatis vestiti,

pilis rectis deficientibus. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi, brunnei.

Stipulae —10 mm. longae, puberulae. Lamina 7-21 X 3.2-9

cm., anguste ovato-elliptica, elliptica, v. lanceolata, acuta v.

subacuminata, basi anguste subcordata v. rotundato-cuneata,

tenue subcoriacea, supra glabra, subtus tenue villosa: costis

lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5 (—6) obliquis, supra haud impressis,

subtus elevatis, intercostis —5 subtus distincte elevatis: costis

basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4-% laminae elongatis: petiolo

7-15 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata et ad ramulos defoliatos

fasciculata, pilis uncinulatis villosa: pedunculo 0—2.5 mm. longo:

bracteis basalibus 1-2 mm.’ longis, ovato-acutis, caducis: pedi-

cello 2~9 mm.: corpore receptaculi 7-9 mm. lato, subgloboso,

umbonato, ostiolo alte depresso: setis internis minutis sparsis:

cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha am-

phigena. East Johore, Natuna Isl., Sarawak, North Borneo.

F.. recurvae Bl. v. elegantioris Corner affinis.

Johore:—Sing. F.n. 30699, 32007, Sedili River. Natuna Isl.:—

v. Steenis 1156 (G. Ranai, typus, herb. Leiden). Sarawak:—Bec-

cari 773, 814; Haviland 3108 (Kuching); P. W. Richards 2544

(Mt. Dulit). Brit. North Borneo:—Clemens (Kinabalu) 31220,

31230, 31574, 32055, 32157; Elmer 20683 (Tawao); Sing. F.n.

19070 (Bettotan). Central East Borneo:—Endert 3137 (W.

Koetai).

F. pendens Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, ramis fertilibus

longis pendentibus. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis aureo-

brunneis rectis rigidis 1-2 mm. longis dense villosi, pilis un-

cinulatis deficientibus. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae —12

mm. longae. Lamina 4.5-15 x 1.8—7 cm., anguste ovato-

elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, ad apicem subacuminatum at-

tenuata, basi subcordata v. late cuneata, rigidiuscule coriacea,

subtus villosa, supra mox glabra: costis lateralibus utrinsecus

3-6 (—7), obliquis, supra haud v. vix impressis, subtus valde

elevatis, intercostis 3-8 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrin-

secus 1—2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2 parvis:

Gardens Bulletin, S-

petiolo 2-15 mm. Receptacula axillaria 2—7 fasciculata, sessilia

v. subsessilia, pilis albidis v. brunneis dense villosa: pedunculo

0-0.5 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1.5—-2.5 mm. longis, ovatis,

subacutis, caducis: pedicello 0-1 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi

5-6 mm. lato (pilis exclusis), subgloboso v. subconico, ostiolo

alte depresso: setis internis numerosis: cellulis scleroticis nullis.

Flores ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha amphigena.

v. pendens.—Malaya, Sumatra, Sarawak, North Borneo, in

silvis —1,300 m. alt.

F. recurvae affinis sed indumento, receptaculo subsessili, et for-

san habitu, differt.

Penang:—Curtis 1560, West Hill. Perak:—Sing. F.n. 38630,

Maxwell’s Hill. Pahang:—Sing. F.n. 11486, Purseglove 4168.

(typus herb. Singapore), Fraser’s Hill. Johore:—Sing. F.n. 29214,

G. Panti. Sumatra:—Lorzing 6395 (Bandabaroe); Jacob 347,

Maradjo 50, Meijer 3988 (Pajakumboe). Borneo:—Clemens.

(Kinabalu) 11171 (211174), 26837, 27498; Sing. F.n. 27335,

27379 (Kinabalu); Corner s.n. (Kuching, Jan. 1959).

var. appressa Corner v. nov.—Pilis appressis. Borneo (E.

Koetai, Sg. Susuk, Kostermans 5473, typus herb. Leiden).

ser. Ramentaceae Corner subser. Excavatae Corner

F. lanata BI. var. foveolata Corner v. nov.—Lamina subtus areolis

foveolatis. Receptacula saepe glabra. North Borneo (Kinabalu),

1,000—1,600 m. alt.

Clemens 26337, 28525, 29169, 31603 (typus herb. Leiden),

35110, 40723.

F. supperforata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens. Stipulae et ramuli

pilis 2-3 mm. longis erectis v. appressis vestiti, ramuli mox

glabri sed minute brunneo-velutinati: petioli et costae (subtus)

pilis appressis —1:5 mm. longis sparsis, petioli etiam minute

brunneo-velutinati. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Lamina 9-18 x

4-8 cm., elliptica, attenuato-acuminata, basi rotundato-cuneata

v. anguste subcordata, rigidiuscule coriacea, sicco brunnea:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5—7, supra vix impressis, subtus

elevatis, intercostis —12 vix elevatis, areolis subtus minute

puberulo-foveolatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 44

laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 12-30 mm.

longo. Receptacula axillaria et ad ramulos defoliatos 2—6 fasci-

culata, minute brunneo-velutinata ut ramuli, glabrescentia:

pedunculo Q. bracteis basalibus 1 mm. longis, ovatis, obtusis,

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

persistentibus: pedicello 4-6 mm.: corpore receptaculi 7-9

mm. lato, subgloboso, saepe subtruncato, ostiolo haud v. vix.

depresso: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores

ut in F. recurva. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, West Borneo.

F. lanatae Bl. affinis sed indumento nervis nervulisque differt.

Anderson 9061 (Sarawak, Binatang); Beccari 3573 (Kuching) ;

Mondi 29 (Pontianak, typus, herb. Leiden).

F. callicarpides Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, humilis.

Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis erectis subflexuosis brevibus

puberuli, mox glabri, pilis uncinulatis microscopicis paucis:

Jamina glabra. Ramuli 1—1.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae —3 mm.

longae, glabrae. Lamina 1.2-3.5 x 0.42 cm., elliptica v.

obovata, asymmetrica, obtusa v. subacuta, basi asymmetrica uno:

latere anguste cuneata altero subcordata, coriacea: costis latera-

libus utrinsecus 3—4, supra haud impressis, subtus planis latis,

intercostis nullis, areolis haud foveolatis brunneis: costis basali-

bus utrinsecus |, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 2-4 mm.

longo. Receptacula axillaria binata puberula glabrescentia,

maturitate rubra: pedunculo 1-1.5 mm. longo: bracteis basali--

bus 0.5—1 mm. longis, subacutis, persistentibus: pedicello 0—0.5

mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 5-6 mm. lato, depresso-globoso,

ostiolo paulo depresso, bracteis apicalibus 3 planis occluso:

setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores ut in F. recurva.

Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, in silvis paludosis.

Species bathyphylloidea, F. excavatae Wall. affinis sed areolis.

nunquam foveolatis. .

Anderson 8539 (Betong), 9805 (Sianggang), 9890 (Miri, typus

herb. Kuching); For. Dept. Sarawak 2120 (Baram, S. Dua).

ser. Distichoideae Corner

F, distichoidea Diels var. megacarpa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula

14-16 mm. lata, pariete —2 mm. crasso: pedunculo 3—5 mm.

longo: bracteis basalibus caducis. Flores masculi 3—6 mm. longi,

tepalis gamophyllis. Papua (Isuarava, Carr 16031, typus herb.

Singapore).

F, phatnophylla Diels var. glochidioides Corner v. nov.—Lamina

6-13 X 3.2-6 cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, tenue coriacea:

intercostis 1-3: costis basalibus ad 1-4 laminae elongatis:

petiolo 8-16 mm. Receptacula sessilia, bracteis basalibus

caducis. New Guinea (Rouffaer River, Docters v. Leeuwen:

9027, 10166, typus herb. Leiden).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. meiocarpa (Diels) Corner comb. nov.—F. meiocarpa Diels,

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 221.

F. calodictya Summerh. var. gamophylla Corner v. nov.—Perian-

thium femineum gamophyllum, breviter 2—4 lobatum. Recep-

tacula 7-8 mm. lata: pedunculo 2-4 mm. longo. New Guinea

(Docters v. Leeuwen 9641, Albatross Biv., typus herb. Leiden:

Meyer Drees 491, Bernhard Biv.).

F. agapetoides Diels var. solomonensis Corner v. nov.—Recepta-

cula minora, 5—6 mm. lata: pedunculo longiori, 1-3 mm.

Lamina 3-7 xX 1.7-3.8 cm., majora, elliptica v. elliptico-

obovata, basi cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6. Stomata

alte immersa. Solomon Isl.

Bougainville: —Kajewski 1946 (Buin, typus herb. Kew); J. H.

L. Waterhouse 95, B 201, 749. Guadalcanal:—Kajewski 2654

(Mt. Tutuve). |

ser. Distichae Corner

F. hederacea Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 538; Wight, Ic. t. 653.—

F.. scandens Roxb. id. 536, non Lam.—F. fruticosa Roxb. id.

533; Wight, Ic. t. 654.—There can be no doubt from the des-

criptions and Wight’s figures that these are conspecific. F. fruti-

cosa is represented by Wallich 4501, but I have found no speci-

mens of Roxburgh’s. Accordingly I choose the better name, F.

hederacea, for this well-known climber, F. scandens being a

later homonym. There are four ms. names for the species, which

are of interest to students of older specimens, namely ‘F. crus-

tacea’ (B. Hamilton 2434), ‘F. sarmentosa’ (B. Hamilton 2435;

non J. E. Sm.), ‘F. triplinervis’ (B. Hamilton 2412), all of

which are at Edinburgh, and ‘F. ?ludens’ (Wallich 4579, bathy-

phylls).

F. detonsa Corner sp. nov.—Glabra, novellis primo albido-

puberulis. Folia ? spiraliter disposita. Stipulae 5-12 mm. longi,

subcaducae. Lamina 4-11 xX 2.2-6 cm., ovata v. elliptica,

obtusa, subacuta v. subacuminata, basi late cuneata, crassiu-

scule coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4-8, angulo lato

(70—80°) exeuntibus, supra tenuiter impressis, subtus elevatis,

intercostis O—1 vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, bre-

vibus, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 8-30 & 1.5—2 mm.

Receptacula axillaria binata, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 2-3

< 2 mm.: bracteis basalibus 1.5 mm. longis, obtusis, sub-

caducis: corpore receptaculi 8-10 *« 7—9 mm., subgloboso,

ostiolo haud depresso. Flores ut in F. disticha Bl. Cystolitha

hypogena. North Borneo, 1,600—2,200 m. alt.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

F. distichae Bl. persimilis sed robustior foliis majoribus, ut vide-

tur spiraliter dispositis, costis pluribus valde divergentibus, recep-

taculis majoribus differt.

Kinabalu:—Clemens 31443, 33456 (typus, herb. Br. Mus.),

33832; Sing. F.n. 27512. West Koetai, Mt. Kemoel.:—Endert.

4449.

ser. Trichocarpeae Corner

F. trichocarpa Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 458.—F. filiformis Bl. id. 442.—

F. obtusa Hassk. v. gedehensis Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms.

Java 11 (1906) 227.—Two sheets of Blume’s at Leiden are

named F. filiformis, which show it to be the bathyphyllous stage

of the common species known as F. obtusa Hassk. There ap-

pears to be no specimen of F. trichocarpa, but Blume’s descrip-

tion obviously refers to the acrophyllous fertile state. I was,

indeed, puzzled why Blume should have apparently omitted this

species until I read the description of F. trichocarpa. Two states

occur in Java, one with smaller figs, which I identify with F.

trichocarpa (fructibus pisiformibus), and the other with larger

figs which is F. obtusa Hassk. and var. genuina Koord. et Val.,

and must become var. obtusa.

var. borneensis (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. piperifolia Miq.

var. borneensis Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 293.—

Pogonotrophe borneensis Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 330.—

Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis sparsis villosi, mox glabri: costae

subtus sparsim appresse pilosae. Receptacula 7-10 mm. lata, mox

glabra: pedunculo 0-6 mm. longo. Borneo.

Inter v. trichocarpam et v. piperifoliam.

Korthals s.n. (Banjermasim, typus herb. Leiden); Kostermans

5981 (E. Koetai); San. 16651 (Sipitang).

var. obtusa (Hassk.) Corner comb. nov.—F. obtusa Hassk. Cat.

Hort. Bog. (1844) 75.—F. obtusa Hassk. v. genuina Koord. et

Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906) 224.

Var. piperifolia (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. obtusa Hassk. v.

piperifolia (Miq.) Koord. et Val. Bijdr. Booms. Java 11 (1906)

227.—Pogonotrophe piperifolia Miq. Zoll. Syst. Verz. (1854) 93,

ae piperifolia Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867)

F. nasuta Summerh. var. glabrata Corner v. nov.—Praeter stipulas

bracteasque basales glabra. Setae internae nullae. New Guinea.

Clemens 1170 (Morobe, typus herb. Leiden); Carr 14321,

14462, 14469 (Boridi).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

F. phaeobullata Corner sp. nov.—Alte scandens. Ramuli, stipulae,

petioli, costae (subtus), et receptacula juvenilia pilis fuscis

rigidis erectis -1 (—1.5) mm. longis villosi, praeter costas mox

glabri. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei rugosi. Lamina 6—10

XX 3-6 cm., ovato-elliptica, acute subacuminata, basi rotundato-

cordata v. late cuneata, integra, coriaceo-bullata: costis latera-

libus utrinsecus 3—5, subtus elevatis, intercostis —4: costis basa-

libus utrinsecus 2, ad 4% laminae elongatis, glandulis ba-

salibus 2 parvis: petiolo -20 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria,

praeter bracteas basales mox glabra: pedunculo 5-9 mm.:

bracteis basalibus 1 mm. longis, obtusis, appresse pilosis: pedi-

cello 2—3 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. (15-17

mm., vivo), subgloboso, ostiolo mox depresso: setis internis

paucis parvis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis nullis sed cellulis

‘parietis omnibus plus minus crasse tunicatis. Flores ut in F.

hypophaea. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua (Carr 12474, Rouna,

typus herb. Br. Mus.).

F. hypophaeae Schl. affinis sed pilis flexuosis lanuginosis defi-

ccientibus, receptaculis minoribus differt.

F. semilanata Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, foliis laxe

spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis brunneis appressis

rectis et pilis minutis flexuosis villosi: nervuli pilis brevioribus,

glabrescentes. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi, compressi, brunnei. Sti-

pulae — 7 mm. longae, appresse brunneo-sericeae v. substrigosae.

Lamina 4-8.5 x 2-3.7 cm., ovato-elliptica, subacuminata v.

longiuscule acuminata, basi rotundata, integra, tenue coriacea,

laevis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, subtus leviter ele-

vatis, intercostis —4: costis basalibus 1, ad 4 laminae elongatis,

glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 6-17 mm. Receptacula axil-

laria binata, maturitate aurantiaco-rubra: pedunculo 3—5 mm.

longo, breviter brunneo-villoso: bracteis basalibus ovato-acutis,

appresse pilosis: corpore receptaculi 6-8 mm. lato (8-10 mm.,

vivo), subellipsoideo, pilis flexuosis brunneis tenue villoso, lente

glabrescenti, ostiolo non depresso: setis internis paucis parvis

albidis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis

tenuibus rubris: ovario sessili. Flores neutri dispersi sessiles.

Semina 1.5-1.8 & 0.8 mm. Cystolitha pauca venas secundum

hypogena. Papua (Carr 12254, Koitaki, typus herb. Singapore;

15563, Isuarava).

F. bakeri Elmer affinis sed foliis acuminatis, pilis flexuosis inter

alia differt.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).°

F. cinnamomea Corner sp. nov.—Scandens gracilis, foliis laxe

spiraliter dispositis. Omnes partes pilis flexuosis laete ferrugineis

v. fulvido-cinnamomeis dense et breviter lanuginosae, laminae

pagina superior mox glabra. Ramuli 2—2.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae

—7 mm. longae, appresse pilosae. Lamina 4.5—9 2.5—5.8 cm.,

ovata, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. subcordata, in-

tegra, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—5, intercostis

—6, nervulis reticulatis indumento brunneo obscuratis: costis

basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4-4 laminae elongatis, glandulis

basalibus 2: petiolo 12—22 mm. longo, gracili. Receptacula axil-

laria binata brunneo-lanuginosa: pedunculo 4—7 mm. longo:

bracteis basalibus 3—4 mm. longis, ovato-acutis: corpore re-

ceptaculi 7-8 mm. lato (10-12 « 9-10 mm., vivo), subellip-

soideo: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores neutri

nulli. Flores feminei sessiles: ovario sessili. Semina 1.7-2

1 mm., latiuscula, anguste alata. Cystolitha nulla. Papua (Carr

13682, Alola, c. 2,000 m. alt., typus herb. Singapore).

Gracilis, indumento laeto distincto.

F. hypophaeola Corner sp. nov.—Gracilis scandens, foliis laxe

spiraliter dispositis. Omnes partes pilis flexuosis obscure cervi-

coloribus v. fusco-brunneis lanuginosae, laminae pagina sup-

erior mox glabra. Ramuli 2 mm. crassi. Stipulae parvae

strigosiusculae. Lamina 6-9 x 2.5—3.5 cm., ovato-lanceolata,

ad apicem subacutum attenuata, basi rotundata v. subcordata,

integra, tenue coriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, subtus

leviter elevatis, intercostis 1-3, nervulis indumento spisso ob-

scuratis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, ad 1-4 laminae elon-

gatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 9-15 mm. longo. Recep-

tacula axillaria, ? solitaria, lente glabrescentia, maturitate rubra:

pedunculo 5—6 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3 mm. longis,

Ovato-acutis: corpore receptaculi 10 mm. lato, subgloboso: setis

internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores feminei ut in

F.. hypohaea Schl. Cystolitha hypogena. Netherlands New Gui-

nea (Kanehira et Hatusima 13504, typus herb. Leiden).

F. hypophaeae Schl. affinis sed multo gracilior.

SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. KALOSYCE (MIQ.)

CORNER COMB. NOV.

Synoecia Mig. sect. Kalosyce et sect. Verae Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

I, 2 (1859) 328, 329.—Urostigma Gasp. sect. Apiosycea Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 440.—Ficus subgen. Synoecia Miq.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 289.—Ficus sect. Synoecia

(Miq.) Benth. et Hook. Gen. Pl. 3 (1880) 369.—Type:—Synoe-

cia sumatrana Miq. (F. aurantiacea Griff.).

The well-established sectional name Synoecia is antedated firstly

by sections Verae Mig. and Kalosyce Miq., which were published

simultaneously, and then by sect. Apiosycea Miq. I have chosen

sect. Kalosyce as the correct name because sect. Verae, in spite of

its meaning, was a mixture and is not a proper sectional name.

Sect. Kalosyce had only one species, Synoecia sumatrana Miq.,

which is the now well-known F. aurantiacea Griff. and is a typical

representative of sect. Synoecia. Sect. Verae included two species,

Synoecia diversifolia Miq., which is F. deltoidea Jack (subgen.

Ficus sect. Ficus) and S. falcata Miq., which, as F.. falcata Thunb.,

is the sterile, bathyphyll state of F. punctata Thunb. and the

second well-known species of sect. Synoecia. Miquel realised this

mixture by 1867 when he made Synoecia a subgenus of Ficus and

excluded from it S. diversifolia, thereby rendering S. falcata the

type of Synoecia, subgen. Synoecia, and sect. Synoecia. Sect. Apio-

sycea contained only Urostigma apiocarpum Migq., which is F.

apiocarpa Migq. If the genus Synoecia were to be re-instated, then

sect. Verae would become sect. Synoecia, with sect. Kalosyce as a

synonym, and sect. Apiosycea would replace what I have called

ser. Apiocarpeae; unfortunately as a section, Synoecia dates from

1880.

ser. Apiocarpeae Corner ser. nov.—Urostigma Gasp. sect. Apio-

sycea Miq. |.c.—Lamina symmetrica, areolis subtus haud foveo-

latis. Bathyphylla vix evoluta. Receptacula Plaine axillaria. 3

spp. Typus:—F. apiocarpa Miq.

ser. Punctatae Corner ser. nov.—Lamina saepe asymmetrica,

areolis subtus foveolatis et saepe pubescentibus. Bathyphylla

plerumque bene evoluta, a foliis acrophyllis distincta. Receptacula

saepe cauliflora. 14 spp. Typus:—F. aurantiacea Griff.

subser. Punctatae.—Costae laterales supra haud impressae saepe -

ut lineae leviter elevatae. Lamina tenuiter coriacea. 7 spp. Typus:

—F. aurantiacea Griff.

subser. Ruginerviae Corner subser. nov.—Costae laterales, et

saepe intercostae nervulique reticulati, supra impressae, subtus

crassae et saepe valde elevatae. Lamina rigide coriacea, sicco

brunnea. 7 spp. Typus:—F. ruginervia Corner.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

ser. Apiocarpeae Corner

F. apiocarpa Mig. var. villosa Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, et

costae (subtus) pilis patentibus brunneolis —1 mm. longis villosi.

Receptacula albido-villosa. Sarawak (Bur. Sci. 1876, s.l., typus

herb. Manchester).

ser. Punctatae Corner subser. Punctatae

F. aurantiacea Griff. Notul. 4 (1854) 394: Ic. Pl. As. (1854) t.

555.—Synoecia sumatrana Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 329.

—F., callicarpa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 268,

289, f. 10B—The names F. aurantiaca Kunth et Bouch., F.

aurantiaca Noronh. and F. aurantiaca Wall., listed in the Index

Kewensis, are nomina nuda, and cannot invalidate Griffith’s

name.

var. angustifolia Corner nom. nov.—F. callicarpa Mig. v. angus-

tifolia Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 120.

var. parvifolia Corner nom. nov.—F. callicarpa Miq. Vv. parvi-

folia Corner, id. 116.

Note. F. callicarpa Migq. v. crassinervia Corner is F. ruginervia

Corner (see below): v. multinervia Corner is F. singalana King.

F. scratchleyana King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 404; Ann. R.

Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 5, pl. 229A; haud Corner

Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 142 (= F. peninsula Elm.).—

Through false information, I was lead to suppose that the leaves

of F. scratchleyana are devoid of stomatal pits in the areolae. A

glance at the type, twelve years later showed me the error at

once.

var. aurantiola Corner v. nov.—Lamina minor, 4-14 *« 2-5.5

cm., anguste elliptica, oblongo-elliptica, v. lanceolato-elliptica,

acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus

4-9 (-12), angulo lato exeuntibus: costis basalibus brevibus:

petiolo 5-30 mm. longo. Receptacula minora axillaria solitaria,

8-15 & 8-13 mm., globosa v. ellipsoidea: pedunculo 2-10 mm.

longo: bracteis 1—1.5 mm. longis: pedicello nullo. Tepala 2-3

(mascula) 3—4 (feminea, cecidiophora) albida v. roseola. Flores

masculi 3-5 mm. longi, ceidiophori et feminei 2—3.5 mm. Semina

1.6—-1.8 mm. longa, compressa, oblonga, anguste carinata. New

Guinea.

Forsan species nova; ut videtur communis.

Gardens Bulletin, S-

Aet et Idjan 916 (Jappen-Biak, typus herb. Leiden); Brass.

3844 (T.N.G., Central Div.), 7173 (Fly River, Palmer River);

Clemens 2232, 3247 (Morobe Distr.); Ledermann 9587, 11405

(Sepik); NGF 7782 (West. Highlands), 8745 (Morobe Distr.).

var. rhopalosycia (Diels) Corner comb. nov.—F. rhopalosycia

Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 232.—Glabra. Lamina 4-7

cm. lata, anguste elliptica: costis lateralibus quasi rectangulatis.

Receptacula pyriformia, magnitudine ut in v. scratchleyana: brac-

teis basalibus 4 mm. longis. New Guinea (Hellwig Gebirge, Pulle

643; typus herb. Berlin).

F. ruginervia Corner sp. nov.—F. callicarpa Miq. v. crassinervia

Corner, Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 118, f. 33.—Ramuli, petioli,

et costa media subtus pilis brunneolis plus minus patentibus

0.5—1 mm. longis tenue pilosi, v. subglabri. Lamina 2-8 X 1.1-

4.7 cm., elliptica v. obovata, obtusa, basi valde asymmetrica uno

latere cordata v. subauriculata, laevis, sicco brunnea, nervis ner-

vulisque supra valde impressis, subtus crassis elevatis: costis

lateralibus utrinsecus 3—7, areolis piloso-foveolatis: costis basali-

bus utrinsecus 1—2, brevibus: petiolo 3-10 mm. Receptacula

ad tubercula cauliflora, glabra marmorata, ut in F. aurantiacea

Griff. sed plerumque subglobosa. Flores ut in F. aurantiacea sed

ovariis femineis longius pedicellatis (—4.5 mm.). Malaya. Su-

matra, Sarawak. Typus:—Sing. F.n. 28446, herb. Singapore.

Venis supra impressis subtus crassis lamina sicca brunnea rec-

tius prope F. singalanam referenda.

SECT. SINOSYCIDIUM CORNER SECT. NOV.

Dioca. Frutex v. arbor, stipulis binatis liberis. Receptacula rami-

flora pedicellata, bracteis lateralibus ad pedicellum corpusque dis-

persis: setis internis paucis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala carnea

v. albida, membranacea, libera. Flores masculi ostiolares sessiles,

et dispersi pedicellati, diandreae, pistillodio nullo: antheris non

mucronatis. Ovarium albidum, stigmate femineo breviter bifido.

Semina breviter oblonga, leviter carinata, laevia. Cystolitha hypo-

gena. China, 1 sp., F. tsiangii Merr. ex Corner.

The ramiflorous bracteate receptacles are like those which occur

in the sections Sycidium, Sycocarpus, and Adenosperma; further,

the scabrid leaves and the paired stipules crowded over the stem-

apex resemble the state in sect. Sycidium ser. Copiosae. The dis-

perse, bistaminate male flowers, however, are exceptional and

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

agree with the condition in some species of sect. Ficus, where the

leaf, stipules, and receptacle are anomalous. To include the single

species in either sect. Sycidium, where some species may certainly

have 1—2 stamens in the male flower, or sect. Ficus, would be

confusing.

F. tsiangiit Merr. ex Corner.—Frutex v. arbor —9 m. alta, laxe

ramosa, internodis elongatis, foliis spiraliter dispositis longi-

petiolatis, pilis albidis -O.5 (—1) mm. longis hispidulo-scabridis,

non muriculatis, ramulis petiolisque glabrescentibus. Ramuli

2—4 mm. crassi, pallide ochracei v. brunneoli. Stipulae —7 mm.

longae, binatae, late lanceolatae, appresse puberulae, caducae,

ad apicem ramuli confertae. Lamina 8-23 « 5—18 cm., ovata,

ovato- v. obovato-elliptica, apice latiuscule acuminata 7-13

mm. longo, basi subcordata, rotundata v. late cuneata, dentata,

membranacea, supra scaberrima, subtus hispidula, sicco viridis:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 3—4 (—5), obliquis, intercostis laxis

2-5, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1 (—2). ad 4

laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 30-140 xX

1.5—2.5 mm. Receptacula ramiflora (? cauliflora) ad ramulos

efoliatos brevissimos tuberculiformes, hispido-scabra, maturitate

rubra; pedicello 5-40 mm. longo, bracteis lateralibus 2—3, 2—3

mm. longis, dispersis, raro in collare ternatis: corpore receptaculi

16-25 x 12-20 mm. (immaturo), subgloboso v. ellipsoideo,

bracteis lateralibus nonnullis 2—3 mm. longis dispersis praeditis,

ostiolo bracteis apicalibus erectis hispidulis numerosis confertis

occluso: setis internis albidis brevibus, paucis v. copiosis: cellulis

scleroticis nullis. Tepala 3—5, albida v. carnea, libera, mem-

branacea, glabra v. puberula, ovario longiora. Flores masculi

ordinibus 2-3 ostiolares subsessiles, et pedicellati dispersi,

pedicellis carneo-maculatis —3.5 mm. longis: tepalis spathulatis:

staminibus 2, raro 1, ad basim setulis circumdatis, antheris non

mucronatis. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicellati, masculis

pedicellatis breviores: tepalis anguste lanceolatis: ovario albido,

substipitato. Flores feminei ut cecidiophori: ovario sessili: stylo

sparsim setuloso, stigmate subbifido. Flores neutri nulli. Semina

1.2 mm. longa, lentiformia, subcarinata, laevia. Cystolitha hy-

pogena: pili papillati, aseptati. China, in silvis 5|00—1,200 m. alt.

Hupeh:—H. C. Chow 540, Patung Hsien: Szechwan:—W. P

Fang 2566, Omei Hsien. Kwangsi:—A. N. Steward and H. C.

Cheo 323, Ling Yuen Hsien; Y. Tsiang 7048, Tuhshan. Kwei-

chow:—Y. Tsiang 4315, Chengfeng (typus, herb. Edinburgh).

Yunnan:—Henry 9407 (Mengtsze), 13316 (Yuan chiang); Y.

Tsiang 12288.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Y. Tsiang’s collections have been named F. tsiangii by Merrill

in herbaria, but I cannot find that the species has been published.

It is a remarkable plant appearing ancestral to some, at least, of

sect. Sycidium.

SECT. ADENOSPERMA CORNER

Reinwardtia 4 (1958) 43.—ser. Amphigenae et Hypogenae

Corner id. 44.

ser. Amphigenae Corner

F. saccata Corner sp. nov.—Arbuscula —4 m. alta, sparsim ramosa,

foliis confertis spiraliter dispositis. Glabra v. petioli pilis patenti-

bus —1 mm. longis sparsim pubescentes, receptacula sparsim

appresse pubescentia. Ramuli 5-7 mm. crassi, brunnei cavi.

Stipulae 20-40 mm. longae et latae, ovato-saccatae apiculatae

connatae, irregulariter fissae, persistentes. Lamina 25-36 X

11—13.5 cm., obovata, breviter acuminata, ad basim anguste

cordatum gradatim attenuata, integra membranacea laevis, sicco

fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 10-13, intercostis

—7 strictis, subtus leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus

3—4, brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 10-50 mm.,

stipulis obtecto. Receptacula axillaria binata sessilia, stipulis

obtecta, 20 mm. lata, subglobosa, tenuiter appresse pilosa,

bracteis lateralibus nonnullis appressis v. subpatentibus glabris

4-6 mm. longis praedita, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus prominen-

tibus glabris 3—4 mm. longis occluso: bracteis basalibus 3, 5—7

mm. longis, ovato-oblongis, glabris.: setis internis copiosis brun-

neolis: cellulis scleroticis copiosis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori

? Flores feminei 2-3 mm. longi, sessiles: tepalis 4—6 rubris

liberiso oblongis glabris ovario rubro sessili v. breviter stipitato

equalibus: stylo fere gynobasali, glabro, rubro. Semina 2—2.2

< 1.5 <0.6—0.8 mm. compressa, carinata, basi leviter dupli-

citer carinata, laevia. Cystolitha amphigena. Papua (Lala River,

in silvis montanis 1,800 m. alt.; Carr 14063, typus, herb. Singa-

pore).

Species singularis, arbusculas sect. Sycocarpi simulans, sed

tepalis liberis, seminibus ut in sect. Adenospermate.

F. mollior F. v. Muell. ex Benth Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 173.— F.

gazellae Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 7 (1886) 452.—F. mollior may be

somewhat hairier than F. gazellae, but there is no other differ-

ence and there are intermediates.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

var. pseudocovellia Corner v. nov.—Receptacula glabra, pyri-

formia. Neth. New Guinea (Mamberamo, Versteeg 46, typus herb.

Leiden).

var. sessilis Corner v. nov.—Receptacula sessilia v. fere. Papua.

Brass 26014 et 27320 (Fergusson Isl.), 28349 et 28526 (Ros-

sel Isl.), 28069 (Sudest Isl.); Carr 12360 (Rouna Falls, typus

herb. Singapore); Lister Turner 88.

forma riparia Corner f. nov.—Lamina 6-10 x 2-3.5 cm.,

lanceolato-elliptica, acuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata: petiolo

5-15 mm. longo. Stipulae persistentes. Receptacula axillaria ses-

silia. Neth. New Guinea (Sorong; Pleyte 517, typus herb. Leiden).

F. verticillaris Corner sp. nov.—C. T. White, J. Arn. Arb. 31

(1950) 82, ut F. charadrophila Summerh.—Frutex v. arbor

parva —10 m. alta, cortice pallide griseo. Folia rigida nitida, spi-

raliter disposita, plerumque conferta, etiam subverticillata.

Glabra. Ramuli 1.5—2.5 mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae

parvae, caducae. Lamina +11 x 4.5 cm., anguste elliptico-

obovata, obtuse subacuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata, in-

tegra, chartaceo-subcoriacea, fragilis, subscabrida, supra minute

ruguluso-scrobiculata, sicco griseo-viridis v. fusco-viridis: costis

lateralibus utrinsecus 8—13, intercostis 0-1, subtus costis late-

ralibus solum conspicuis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevi-

bus: petiolo 10-18 mm. Receptacula axillaria, binata v. soli-

taria, maturitate rubra: pedunculo 4-18 mm. longo: bracteis

basalibus 3 minutis, margine saepe ciliolatis: pedicello 2-6 mm.

longo: corpore receptaculi 7-8 mm. lata (-12 mm., vivo), sub-

globoso v. depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis in-

ternis paucis brunneis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis in strato

receptaculi cecidiophori interno copiosis. Tepala 4—S rubra

ovata libera glabra, ovario equalia v. breviora. Flores masculi

ordine uno ostiolares sessiles: stamine uno. Flores feminei et

cecidiophori sessiles: ovario sessili, pallide ochraceo dein sub-

rubro: stylo valde gynobasali. Semina ? vix carinata (immatura).

Solomon Islands, in silvis —1,200 m. alt.

Habitu Baccaureae parvifoliae (Euphorbiaceae). F. arbusculae

et F. adenosperma affinis, sed foliis parvis rigidis, sicco fragilibus

chartaceis, nervis obscuris, pedunculo gracili, et bracteis lateralibus

nullis differt. Var. robusta ad F. umbonatam Mid. attingens.

Brass 2838 (San Cristoval), 3488 (Florida), 3523 (N’gela);

Kajewski 2155 (Bougainville, Buin, typus herb. Copenhagen),

2366 (Malaita), 2584 (Guadalcanal); C. T. White (BSIP) 202

(New Georgia).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. robusta Corner v. nov.—Ramuli, petioli, receptacula et

paginae laminae inferiores minute puberuli. Ramuli 3-4 mm.

crassi. Stipulae -18 mm. longae. Lamina -12 x 4.5 cm. Recep-

tacula 12-15 mm. lata: pedunculo -10 x 1-1.5 mm.: bracteis

basalibus 1.5 mm. longis. Tepala 3-4. Ovarium cecidiophorum

sessile v. stipitatum. Stomata immersa.

Brass 2883 (San Cristoval, typus herb. Leiden); E. S. Brown

W/347 (Guadalcanal).

F. adenosperma Miq. v. adenosperma forma angustifolia Corner

f. nov.—Lamina 2-14 x 0.5-3 cm., lanceolata, ad apicem

subacutam attenuata: intercostis 0-1. Celebes, Moluccas.

Bloembergen 4449 (Soela Sanana, typus herb. Leiden); Rant

34 et v. Steenis 10419 (Celebes, Bantimoerong).

var. chaetophora (Warb.) Corner comb. nov.—F. chaetophora

Warb. in K. Schum. et Laut. Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzg. Suds.

(1905) 246.—This is the state with spreading hairs, particularly

at the nodes, and with the subcordate leaf-base. It is common in

New Guinea.

var. glabra Corner v. nov.—F. depressa Benth. Fl. Austral. 6

(1873) 172.—F. turbinata Ridley, Tr. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. 9

(1916) 148.—Glabra v. fere. Lamina 7-13 x 2.2-—4.5 cm., an-

guste elliptica v. lanceolato-elliptica, basi cuneata: costis laterali-

bus utrinsecus (S—) 8-12. Receptacula saepe brevipedunculata v.

subsessilia, bracteis lateralibus nullis. Key Isl., New Guinea, Solo-

mon Isl., Queensland. Typus:—Kajewski 2480, Guadalcanal Isl.,

herb. Leiden.

A. var. adenosperma vix separabilis, sed formae glabrae extre-

mae Satis distinctae. —

var. microlepis Corner v. nov.—Glabra. Lamina 8-18 x 3.5-9

cm., elliptica, subacuta v. subacuminata, basi cuneata, intercostis.

2—5 laxis. Receptacula plerumque ad axillas defoliatas ramiflora,

6-7 mm. lata, globosa, bracteis lateralibus numerosis parvis saepe

recurvatis praedita: pedunculo 2-6 mm. longo. New Guinea.

Receptacula ut in F. comitis King, folia ut in F. adenosperma.

Brass 23822 (Papua, Milne Bay District): BW 464 (Manok-

wari); Hoogland 4451 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern Distr.,

Tufi subdistr., typus herb. Leiden); NGF 7861 (Terr. New Guinea,

Morobe, Upper Bulolo Valley).

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

ser. Hypogenae Corner

F. austrina Corner sp. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 13 (1932)

106, ut F. moseleyana King.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis spira-

liter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis fulvidulis appressis —1

mm. longis vestiti v. fere glabri: laminae glabrae. Ramuli 3-5

mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae 20-45 mm. longae, lanceolatae,

glabrae, caducae. Lamina 11-23 6-15 cm., obovata v. ellip-

tico-obovata, obtusa v. subacuta, basi subcordata v. rotundato-

cuneata, integra, laevis, membranacea v. subcoriacea, sicco

griseo-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-8, intercostis

laxis —7, subtus haud v. leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrin-

secus 3 (-4), ad 4 laminae elongatis: petiolo 10-40 x 2.5—

3 mm. Receptacula axillaria binata glabra: pedunculo 1-10

mm. longo, crasso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1-2 & 2-2.5 mm.,

subcrecentiformia obtusa: corpore receptaculi 15 mm. lata

(immatura), depresso-globosa, bracteis lateralibus nullis, osticlo

bracteis. apicalibus plus minus umbonato: setis internis nullis:

cellulis scleroticis in pariete rec. femin. copiosis. Flores masculi

et cecidiophori? Flores feminei-sessiles: tepalis 3—4 liberis lan-

ceolatis v. spathulatis glabris, ovario subrubro sessili v. breviter

_ stipitato longioribus: stylo glabro, valde laterali v. gynobasali.

Semina ? Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl., New Hebrides, ad

terram corallinaceam littoralem.

Ut F. pedunculosae Mig. var. segaarensis (Engl.) Corner (F.

moseleyana King) persimilis, sed stylo gynobasali-ut in sect. Ade-

nospermate. Receptacula cecidiophora matura desiderata.

Brass 2574 (San Cristoval, Waimamura, typus, herb. Kew);

J. H. L. Waterhouse 176 (New Georgia); Kajewski 433 (Banks

Groups, Vanua Lava Isl.). b

F. casearioides King, J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 403; Ann. R.

Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) App. 5, pl. 228B.—F. hylobia

Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 186.—var. gamosepala

Corner nov.—Perianthium gamophyllum obtuse 2—4 lobatum.

Ternate, New Guinea.

Beguin 1527 (Ternate); Brass 23302, 24776 (Papua, Milne

Bay District); Carr 13179 (Papua, Boridi, typus herb. Singapore),

14548 (Boridi); Carr 15711, 15797, 15847 (Lala River); NGF

4309 (Morobe), 6784 (Eastern Highlands).

F. subcuneata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 235,

297.—F. stoechotricha Diels et F. trichoneura Diels, Engl. Bot.

Jahrb. 67 (1935) 225, 230—F. formosa Summerh. J. Arn. Arb.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

22 (1941) 97.—Miquel’s syntypes at Leiden and Utrecht (Teys-

mann 5548, Halmaheira, and de Vriese s.n., Ceram, with one

broken fig) leave no doubt of the identity of this characteristic

species.

F. tenella Corner sp. nov.—Arbor gracilis —10 m. alta, latice

albido, foliis spiraliter dispositis. Glabra v. novelli pilis brun-

neis —1 mm. longis appressis tenue vestiti. Ramuli 1.5—2.5 mm.

crassi, brunnei, aliquando pilis microscopicis subfurfuracei.

Stipulae 10-30 mm. longae, lanceolatae, glabrae, persistentes.

Lamina 6-15 x 1.5—3.7 cm., lanceolato-elliptica v. anguste

obovata, apice acuminata v. subcaudata —17 mm. longo, basi

anguste cuneata, integra, membranacea, sicco fusco-brunnea;

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11, intercostis —7 demissis; costis

basalibus utrinsecus 1, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 4-14

mm. Receptacula axillaria binata v. solitaria: pedicellis 4~-11

mm. longis, bracteis lateralibus parvis 2—3 dispersis v. in collare

ad medium pedicellum ternatis: corpore receptaculi 6-9 mm.

lato (10-12 mm. vivo), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus parvis

1-3 praedito, ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus 34 planis

occluso: setis internis copiosis, 0.5-1 mm. longis: cellulis

scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi et cecidiophori ? Flores feminei

sessiles: tepalis 4, pallide rubris, glabris liberis oblongis, ovario

fusco-rubro sessili v. substipitato equalibus: stylo rubro, gyno-

basali, glabro. Cystolitha hypogena. Papua.

F. erythrospermae affinis, sed omnibus partibus minor, stipulis-

que non caducis.

Brass 23560 (Milne Bay District), 27510 (Misima Isl.); Carr

14639, 14989 (Boridi; 14989, typus herb. Singapore).

F. funiculosa Corner sp. nov.—F. trichoneura Diels v. lachnocarpa

Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67 (1935) 230.—Arbor —25 m. alta,

cortice brunneo v. rufobrunneo, latice albido, foliis spiraliter

dispositis v. subdistichis. Ramuli, folia, et receptacula pilis albi-

dis v. fulvis plus minus patentibus 1-2 mm. longis dense tomen-

tosi, etiam pilis flexuosis numerosis intertextis: lamina supra

mox glabrescens. Ramuli 2.5—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae 12-20 mm.

longae, late lanceolatae, connatae, caducae. Lamina 9-23 x

6-18 cm., ovata, late elliptica v. subobovata, apice breviter et

obtusiuscule acuminata -12 mm. longo, basi subcordata, rotun-

data, v. late cuneata, integra, laevis, subcoriacea, sicco brunnea:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11, obliquis, saepe ad furcas

marginem versus subtus glandulatis, intercostis 6—11, subtus

Vol. XVIII. (1960). \

leviter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-5, ad 1—} lami-

nae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 15-45 2-4 mm.

Receptacula axillaria binata v. solitaria, dense tomentosa: pedi-

cello 4-12 & 2.5 mm., bracteis lateralibus 1—2 parvis dispersis,

raro in collarem instructis: corpore receptaculi 20-30 mm. Jato

(tomento excluso: -45 mm. vivo), depresso-globoso, bracteis

lateralibus parvis 1-3 dispersis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus

numerosis, ut in disco 2.5-4 mm. lato, occluso: setis internis

1-2.5 mm. longis, copiosis mollibus subflexuosis: cellulis sclero-

ticis nullis, v. in strato rec. cecid. interno numerosis. Tepala 3—4

libera glabra lanceolata rubra. Flores masculi ordinibus 2-3

ostiolares sessiles: tepalis spathulatis: stamine uno. Flores ceci-

diophora sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: tepalis ovario sessili v.

longistipitato, rubro v. rubromarginato, plus minus equalibus.

Flores feminei sessiles: tepalis ovario sessili v. longistipitato rub-

romarginato v. rubromaculato multo brevioribus: stylo subgyno-

basali. Semina 1.7—1.9 mm. longa, multo compressa, auriculi-

formia, obtuse carinata. + pecan hypogena. New Guinea,

New Britain.

F.. trichocerasae Diels affinis, sed tomentosior et receptaculis

majoribus.

Beccari s.n. (Ramoi; R.Ist. Fir. 9324); Brass 24002, 24106

(Milne Bay District), 27283 (Fergusson Isl.); BW 2525, 2767

(Manokwari); Hoogland 3555 (Terr. New Guinea, Northern Dis-

trict, typus herb. Leiden), 4237 (T.N.G., Northern District);

Ledermann 7922 (typus, F. trichoneura v. lachnocarpa); NGF

7031 (New Britain, eee J. C. Saunders 450 (T.N.G.,

Madang District).

F. trichocerasa Diels var. glabristipula Corner v. nov.—Stipulae

glabrae. Receptacula pedunculo saepe breviori 1—2.5 (—4) mm.

longo: cellulis scleroticis in strato rec. fem. interno numerosis.

Tepala oblongo-spathulata. Flores cecidiophori pedicellis —2

mm. longis praediti. Flores feminei stylo fere gynobasali. Papua.

Brass 23257 (Milne Bay District, typus, Gray herb. Harvard);

Brass 27468 (Misima Isl.), 28447 (Rossel Isl.); Carr 14162

(Alola).

F. erythrosperma Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 226,

293.—F. pycnoneura Laut. et K. Schum, Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb.

Suds. (1901) 275.—F. lachnocarpa Warb. in Laut. et K. Schum

Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1905) 243.—F. xantho-

xyla Summerh. J. Arn. Arb. 10 (1929) 154.—Miquel’s syn-

types (Forsten, Tondano, and Riedel, Menado, H.B. 5814) are

Gardens Bulletin, S.

cat Leiden and Utrecht and leave no doubt of their identity with

F. pycnoneura. Forsten’s collection is the better and should be

regarded as the holotype at Leiden. There are nine more recent

collections from Celebes.

SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. NEOMORPHE KING

Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 1 (1887) 2; 1, 2 (1888) 165.—

Dioecious. Perianth of free or more or less gamophyllous tepals,

red to brownish. Male flowers ostiolar: stamens 2, filaments shortly

joined, anthers more or less mucronate. Gall—and female stigma

simple. Seed lenticular, smooth, slightly keeled. Cystoliths hypo-

genous. Large buttressed trees, mostly cauliflorous. Figs peduncu-

late with a collar of three basal bracts, no lateral bracts: mostly

without sclerotic cells in the wall. 6 spp., India and South China

to Solomon Isl. and Queensland. Type:—F. variegata Bl.

I have redefined this section as intended by King. He put fifteen

species into it, but five must be referred to other sections which

he maintained, four are conspecific with others, two are false

species, and four remain as the foundation of the section. Thus:—

F. macrocarpa Wight and F. guttata (Wight) King are a variety

of F. laevis Bl. (sect. Rhizoclaude Endl.).

F. grandis King, F. d’Albertisii King, F. pomifera Wall. ex King

belong to sect. Sycocarpus Miq (Covellia Gasp.).

F. glomerata Roxb. belongs to subgen. Sycomorus Miq. and has

F. acidula King, F. henrici King, and F. lanceolata B. Ham. as F.

racemosa Linn. v. elongata King.

F. aruensis King consists of the twigs and leaves of F. arfakensis

King (sect. Sycocarpus Mig.) mounted by error with the figs of

F. wassa Roxb. (sect. Sycidium Mig.), and is not, therefore, re-

presentative of a living plant.

F.. clarkeana King consists of the twigs and leaves of F. tincteria

Forst. f. ssp. parasitica (Willd.) Corner with the figs of F. race-

mosa Linn, and from the description is clearly a mistake of col-

lecting the epiphytic F. tinctoria and the cauliflorous figs of its host

as being one plant: it is a fudge.

F. variegata Bl., with F. sycomoroides Miq. as a variety of it,

F. nodosa Teysmn. et Binn., and F. roxburghi Miq., which is F.

auriculata Lour., remain to define the section.

The section, thus emended, must be divided into two series Varie-

gatae and Auriculatae, which show alliance with subgen. Sycomo-

rus in the first case and sect. Sycocarpus in the second. Ser.

Variegatae are larger buttressed cauliflorous trees with the free

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

tepals, subsessile flowers, and compressed male flowers with two

stamens as in subgen. Sycomorus, but they are dioecious and geo-

graphically isolated from the African region which is the centre of

subgen. Sycomorus. Ser. Auriculatae, in contrast, consists of the

one species F. auriculata Lour., which is so close to F. oligodon

Mig. (sect. Sycocarpus) that the two species seem to interbreed in

Indochina. To include Ser. Auriculatae in sect. Sycidium would

destroy the precise character of the entire perianth which fits all

the many species of sect. Sycidium. Here is a matter for resolution.

Ser. Variegatae can be divided, likewise, into two subseries. That

which I call subser. Laciniatae has the laciniate tepals so charac-

teristic of subgen. Sycomorus, but it is the New Guinea group

which is furthest removed geographically from the African subgen.

Sycomorus. Here is another matter for resolution.

ser. Auriculatae Corner ser. nov.—Flores feminei et cecidiophori

longepedicellati: tepalis rubris, integris, liberis v. breviter conna-

tis: ovario albido: stylo femineo longo piloso. 1 sp., F. auriculata

Lour.

ser. Variegatae Corner ser. nov.—sect. Neomorphe King sub-

sect. Subcrassiusculifoliae Sata (lectotypus, F. variegata Bl.) et

subsect. Tenuifoliorae Sata (lectotypus, F’. garciae Elmer) Monogr.

(1944) 362, 364, 386.—Flores feminei et cecidiophori plus minus

sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: ovario rufo-brunneo: stylo glabro,

brevi. Flores masculi compressi. Typus:—F. variegata BI.

subser. Variegatae.—Tepela integra. Receptacula processibus

floriferis internis deficientibus: bracteis basalibus brevibus, 1-2

mm. longis. Typus:—F. variegata BI.

subser. Laciniatae Corner suber. nov.—Tepala laciniato-dentata.

Receptacula processibus floriferis internis praedita: bracteis basali-

bus 2-5 mm. longis. Typus:—F. nodosa Teysm. et Bin.

ser. Variegatae Corner subser. Variegatae

F. variegata Bl. var. garciae (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F.

garcieae Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 550.

var. ilangoides (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. ilangoides El-

mer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9 (1937) 3445.

var. sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. sycomoroides

Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 230, 295.

None of these shows more than variation in leaf-shape, vein-

number, or fig-shape and, as intermediates are frequent, I cannot

maintain them as species.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

ser. Variegatae subser. Laciniatae Corner

F. robusta Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —33 m. alta, ut F. variegata sed

cortice pallide cremeo-viridi. Folia longepetiolata spiraliter dis-

posita. Omnes partes primo pilis brunneolis erectis —1 (-1.5)

mm. longis hispido-tomentosae, glabrescentes, v. ramuli et

petioli primo glabri: nervuli subtus pilis brevibus albidis villo-

suli. Ramuli 6—9 mm. crassi. Stipulae -20 mm. longae, brunneo-

sericeae. Lamina —40 35 cm., ovato-cordata, apice rotundata

v. obtusa, basi alte cordata, denticulata v. integra, membranacea

dein subcoriacea, supra scabrida, subtus hispido-villoso: costis

lateralibus utrinsecus 5—6, intercostis numerosis strictis, subtus

elevatis: costis basalalibus utrinsecus 3 (—4), ad 4-4 laminae

elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 6—20 cm. longo. Recep-

tacula ad ramulos efoliatos -16 cm. « 10—25 mm., praecipue

ad partem trunci superiorem cauliflora et ramiflora: pedunculo

10-25 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 2 mm. longis, ovatis, ob-

tusis v. subacutis, caducis: corpore receptaculi 25-40 mm. lato

(40-60 mm., vivo), pyriformi, brunneolo-hispido dein glabro,

ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus 3—5 occluso: setis inter-

nis copiosis brunneolis: pariete crasso (10-15 mm. vivo), pro-

cessibus floriferis internis praedito, cellulis scleroticis paucis in

strato interno. Flores masculi ordinibus nonnullis ostiolares,

sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio gamophyllo: stamini-

bus (1—) 2, filamentis breviter connatis, pistillodio saepe plus

minus evoluto. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicello —3 mm.

longo praediti: tepalis 3, liberis v. breviter connatis, lanceolatis

integris v. plerumque laciniato-dentatis. Cystolitha hypogena.

New Guinea, in silvis -400 m. alt.

F. nodosae Teysm. et Bin. affinis, sed indumento hispido, lamina

supra scabrida, bracteis basalibus caudicis, setis internis copiosis,

floribus majoribus, perianthio plus minus gamophyllo differt.

Carr 16323 (Papua, Kokoda); NIFS bb. 31341 (Hollandia) ;

BW 432 (Manokwari); Hort. Bog. cult. XV J.B. XXIX 8 (ex

New Guinea: typus, herb. Bogor).

F. semivestita Corner sp. nov.—-Arbor —38 m. alta, cortice griseo-

viridi v. brunneolo. Folia longiuscule petiolata spiraliter dis-

posita. Ramuli, petioli, costae (subtus) et receptacula pilis

fulvidulis 0.5 mm. longis rectis v. flexuosis breviter villosi.

Ramuli 4—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae —12 mm. longae, fulvo-sericeae.

Lamina 12-24 x 8-18 cm., ovata, acuta v. subacuminata, basi

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

altiuscule cordata, integra, membranacea dein subcoriacea,

supra laevis, subtus villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 5-7,

intercostis strictis —11, subtus valde elevatis: costis basalibus

utrinsecus 3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis parvis basalibus

2: petiolo 25-70 mm. longo. Receptacula axillaria solitaria (an

ramiflora ?), villosa, glabrescentia: pedunculo 17-20 mm. longo:

bracteis basalibus 5 mm. longis, caducis: corpore receptaculi

30-40 mm. lato, subgloboso, ostiolo plano bracteis parvis api-

calibus numerosis occluso: setis internis copiosis, 0.5-1 mm.

longis, albidis v. brunneolis: pariete crasso, processibus flori-

feris internis praedito, cellulis seleroticis nullis. Flores masculi

et cecidiophori ut in F’. robusta. Cystolitha hypogena. New Gui-

nea, in silvis —100 m. alt.

F. robustae Corner affinis sed lamina supra laevi, plus minus

acuta, receptaculis axillaribus, bracteis basalibus longioribus.

BW 5724 (Sorong); Clemens 8767 (Morobe); Hoogland 5187

(Terr. New Guinea, Madang distr., Mt. Hellwig); NGF 7358

(Morobe, typus herb. Lae).

Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn., Asia

and Australasia

VI. SUBGEN. FICUS SECT. SYCOCARPUS MIQ.

By E. J. H. CORNER

Botany School, University of Cambridge

Summary

NEW SUBSECTIONS, series, and subseries:—subsect. Auriculis-

perma Corner, ser. Cynaroides Corner, ser. Theophrastoides Cor-

ner, ser. Vitienses Corner; subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner;

subsect. Pomifera Corner, ser. Pomifera Corner, ser. Lepidotae

Corner; subsect. Macrostyla Corner; subsect. Sycocarpus, ser.

Longetuberculatae Sata, ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata, subser.

Praestantes Corner, Calopilinae Corner, Congestae Corner, His-

pidae Corner, Axillares Corner, Fulvidulae Corner, Geocarpicae

Corner.

Earlier or substituted epithets:—F. oligodon Mig. (F. pomi-

fera Wall. ex King), F. squamosa Roxb. (F. saemocarpa Miq.),

F. pachyrrachis Laut. et K. Schum. (F. grandis King), F. congesta

Roxb. (F. fasciculata F.v.M. ex Benth., etc.), F. schwarzii Koord.

(F. miquelii auct.), F. gilapong Miq. (F. hypogaea King).

New species: —F. cynaroides Corner, F. lancibracteata Corner,

F. macrostyla Corner, F. parvibracteata Corner, F. praestans

Corner, F. longibracteata Corner et v. lebetoides Corner, F. bac-

caureoides Corner, F. papuana Corner, F. profusa Corner, F. sub-

limbata Corner, F. tunicata Corner, F. latimarginata Corner, F.

calcarata Corner, F. cereicarpa Corner, F. megaleia Corner, F.

geocharis Corner, F. subterranea Corner, F. tarennifolia Corner,

F. ixoroides Corner, F. pleyteana Corner.

New varieties: —F. dammaropsis Diels v. obtusa Corner; F.

ribes Reinw. var. cuneata (Miq.) Corner et f. stenophylla Corner,

var. serraria (Miq.) Corner; F. botryocarpa Mig. var. linearifolia

(Elmer) Corner, var. subalbidoramea (Elmer) et f. scabrida Cor-

ner; F. pachyrrachis Laut. et K. Schum. var. porrecta Corner; F.

vrieseana Miq. var. vrieseana f. appressipilosa Corner, var.

chamaecarpa (Ridley) Corner et f. obliqua Corner; F. congesta

Roxb. var. chalmersii (King) Corner, var. menadena (Mig. )

Vol. XVII. (1960).

Corner; F. hispida Linn. f. var. badiostrigosa Corner, var. rubra

Corner; F. lepicarpa Bl. var. brevibracteata Corner, var. pedun-

culata Corner, var. suluensis Corner; F. uncinata Becc. var. gra-

cilis Corner, var. parva Corner, var. pilosior Corner, var. strigosa

Corner, var. truncata Corner; F.. beccarii var. asymmetrica Corner,

var. latifolia Corner; F. septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner,

var. salicifolia Corner; F. fistulosa Reinw. var. lucbanensis

(Elmer) Corner; F. dimorpha Corner v. scabra Corner.

subgen Ficus sect. Sycocarpus Miq.

Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3, 1 (1844) 33; emend. Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

1, 2 (1859) 322.—Gonusuke Raf. Sylv. Tellur. (1838) 58.—

Sycomorphe Miq. Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 3, 1 (1844, January) 35.—

Covellia Gasp. Parl. Giorn. Bot. 2 (1844) 218; Ann. Sc. Nat.

ser. 3, 3 (1845) 347; emend. Miq. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848)

458.—Cystogyne Gasp. id. 217, etc.—Ficus sect. Sycomorphe

(Miq.) Endl. et sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Endl. Gen. Pl. Suppl. 4,

2 (1847) 34, 35.—Covellia Gasp. sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Miq.

Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 468.—Covellia Gasp. sect. Euco-

vellia Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. I, 2 (1859) 322, et sect. Paracovellia

Mig. id. 325.—Ficus subgen. Covellia (Gasp.) Miq. sect. Covellia

(Gasp.) Mig. et sect. Cystogyne (Gasp.) Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot.

Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 296.—Ficus sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Benth.

et Hook. Gen. Pl. 3 (1880) 369; King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc.

1 (1887) 2, 97. ;

This section is usually known as Covellia, but the names

Sycocarpus, Sycomorphe, and Cystogyne have priority. As first

published (1844) Covellia had only one species, C. ulmifolia

Gasp., which, as F. ulmifolia Lam., belongs to sect. Sycidium. In

the next year, Gasparrini added C. oppositifolia Gasp., which, as

F. hispida Linn. f., was used by Miquel (1848) to emend the

genus to the customary sense of sect. Covellia, but this would now

seem to be illegal emendation. Sycocarpus, as first published, was

a mixture of species now referred to subgen. Urostigma and sect.

Sycidium, Ficus, Neomorphe, and Covellia, but Miquel (1859)

reduced Sycocarpus to the genus Covellia Gasp., thereby showing

that he considered C. daemona Koen. (= F. hispida Linn. f.) or

F. congesta Roxb. as the representative species; the others he had

already in 1848 placed in other sections or genera. Miquel (1848),

also illegally, as it now appears, reduced Sycomorphe (1844) to

Covellia, though Endlicher (1847) had reduced Covellia to Ficus

sect. Sycomorphe. I see no reason to advocate the conservation of

the erroneously interpreted sect. Covellia.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Gonusuke, Sycomorphe, Covellia emend. Miq., and sect. Syco--

carpus emend. Miq. are typified by F. hispida Linn. f. or its syno--

nyms. Cystogyne is typified by F. septica Burm. f. (= F. leucos-

ticta). Sect. Paracovellia is typified by F. ribes Reinw. ex BI.

The chief character of the section, to which the same Cystogyne’

referred, is the entirely gamophyllous perianth. In the male flower

the perianth is saccate and covers one or, less often, two stamens.

In the gall- and female flowers it is saccate, cupular, and variously

reduced to an annulus round the stalk of the ovary, and in a few

species it is absent, though the stamens are never naked. The re-

duction of the perianth in the gall-flower is often much less than

in the female flower of the same species.

I divide the section into 5 subsections, 7 series, and 8 subseries..

There are about 64 species in tropical Asia and Australasia as far

as Fiji, 52 of which occur in Malaysia.

subsect. Auriculisperma Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 1.4—2 mm.

longa, subcompressa, saepe auriculiformia, hilo non prominenti,

obtuse carinata, laevia. Perianthium rubrum v. albidum.

Stamina 1 v. 2. Ovarium rubrum v. albidum: stylo glabro.

Receptacula basi tribracteata, bracteis lateralibus evolutis v.

nullis: setis internis nullis. Folia spiraliter disposita. Solomon Isl.

Fiji, 6 spp. Typus:—F. cynaroides Corner.

ser. Cynaroides Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula sessilia, bracteis:

basalibus 7-15 mm. longis, apicalibus projicientibus. Stamina 2.

Pili brunnei. Stipulae grandes. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl.

2 spp. Typus:—F. cynaroides Corner.

ser. Theophrastoides Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula peduncu-

lata, bracteis basalibus 3-9 mm. longis, apicalibus haud proji-

cientibus. Stamen 1. Glabra v. albido-pilosa. Stipulae grandes.

Lamina maxima obovata, Cystolitha amphigena v. hypogena.

Arbuscula pachycaulis, haud v. vix ramosa, cauliflora. Solomon:

Isl., Fiji, 1 sp. F. theophrastoides Seem.

ser. Vitienses Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula pedunculata,

bracteis basalibus 1-4 mm. longis, apicalibus haud projicientibus.

Stamen 1. Glabra v. albido-pilosa. Stipulae parvae caducae.

Cystolitha amphigena. Solomon Isl., Fiji, 3 spp. Typus:—F. viti-

ensis Seem.

subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner comb. nov.—Damma-

ropsis Warb. Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 13 (1891) 296.—Semina 1.5

mm. longa, breviter oblonga, subcarinata laevia, hilo non pro-

minenti. Perianthium rubrum. Stamina 2, filamentis liberis.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

Ovarium albidum. Receptacula maxima axillaria sessilis, brac-

teis lateralibus magnis obtecta, basalibus haud distinctis, intus

processibus floriferis bene evolutis: setis internis nullis. Lamina

maxima suborbicularis v. obovata. New Guinea, 1 sp. F. dam-

maropsis Diels.

subsect. Pomifera Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 1—1.5 m.m. longa,

lentiformia subcompressa, vix carinata, laevia, hilo non v. vix

prominenti. Perianthium rubrum. Stamina 2, filamentis liberis

v. breviter connatis, vel 1. Ovarium albidum, cecidiophorum

et femineum perianthio toto obtecto. Receptacula pedunculata,

basi tribracteata: setis internis minutis. v. nullis: cellulis sclero-

ticis nullis (v. paucis, F. microdictya Diels). Folia spiraliter dis-

posita. Systolitha hypogena. Terra firma Asiatica et New Guinea,

4 spp. Typus:—F. oligodon Mia.

ser. Pomiferae Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula axillaria v. cauli-

flora, saepe magna, bracteis lateralibus nullis. Stamina 2 (-1).

Stylus valde lateralis, glabra. Arbores —20 m. altae. 3 spp. Typus:

F. oligodon Miq.

ser. Lepidotae Corner ser. nov.—Receptacula bracteis lateralibus

praedita. Stamen 1. Stylus pilosus, subterminalis. Frutex (? arbus-

cula). Burma, Thailand, 1 sp. F. griffithii Miq.

subsect. Macrostyla Corner subsect. nov.—Semina 0.9-1.2 mm.

longa, sublentiformia, plus minus carinata, laevia, hilo non Vv.

vix- prominenti. Perianthium albidum, femineum et cecidiop-

phorum perbreve. Stamen 1. Ovarium fusco-rubrum. Styli

feminei longissimi 6-15 mm., receptaculi cavernam implentes,

pilis deflexis vestiti ad margines ovarii quoque decurrentibus.

Receptacula bracteis lateralibus praedita: setis internis nullis

v. brevibus: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Folia lanceolata spiraliter

disposita, glandulis nullis. Frutices riparii. Cystolitha hypogena.

Sino-Himalaya, Sarawak, 2 spp. Typus:—F. macrostyla Corner.

subsect. Sycocarpus.—Ficus sect. Covellia (Gasp.) Miq. subsect.

Communiflorae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 293, 382 (ut Communi-

siiflorae; lectotype F. repandifolia Elmer ).—sect. Pseudopalma

Elmer subsect. Covelliae-pseudopalmae Sata,; Monogr. (1944)

320, 384 (lectotypus, F. multistipularis Merr.).—Semina 0.6—

1.3 mm. longa, sublentiformia, plus minus carinata, laevia, as-

pera v. tuberculata, hilo prominenti (praeter F. francisci Wink1.)

Perianthium albidum, tenuissimum. Stamen 1 (-—2 in F. calo-

pilina Diels). Ovarium fusco-rubrum (albidum in F. gilapong):

stylo haud elongato, subterminali. Spp. 51. Typus:—F. hispida

Linn. f.

Gardens Bulletin, S-

ser. Longetuberculatae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 294, 382.—

Covellia Gasp. sect. Paracovellia Miq. et subgen. Covellia (Gasp. )

Miq. sect. Paracovellia Miq. |.c.—Cystolitha amphigena. Malaya

usque ad New Britain (praeter Borneo ubi adhuc nondum col-

lectae), 4 spp. Typus:—F. ribes Reinw. ex BI.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata, Monogr. (1944) 298, 383.—

sect. Sycidium ser. Harlandifoliae Sata id. 253, 255, 380 (lecto-

typus, F. benguetensis Merr.), et ser. Eusyceifoliae Sata, id. 257,

381 (lectotypus, F. hauili Blanco) .—Cystolitha hypogena. Pakis-

tan, Ceylon, usque ad ins. Solomon et Queensland, 46 spp. Typus:

—F. repandifolia Elmer (F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl.).

subser. Praestantes Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei. Folia

longipetiolata spiraliter disposita. Receptacula cauliflora, bracteis

lateralibus magnis obtecta: setis internis nullis. New Britain,

Solomon Isl., 2 spp. Typus:—F. praestans Corner.

subser. Calopilinae Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei v. pur-

purei. Folia plerumque brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita, disticha.

V. opposita. Receptacula cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis laterali-

bus raris: setis internis copiosis. Malaya usque ad ins. Solomon

(praeter ins. Philippine), 12 spp. Typus:—¥F. calopilina Diels.

subser. Congestae Corner subser. nov.—sect. Sycidium Miq.

ser. Harlandifoliae Sata et sect. Pseudopalmae Elmer subsect.

Covelliae-pseudopalmae Sata, 1.c_—Glabra vel albido- v. brunneo-

pilosa. Folia plus minus brevipetiolata, spiraliter disposita v. sub-

opposita. Receptacula cauliflora, bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis

internis paucis v. nullis. Malaya usque ad New Guinea, 6 spp.

Typus:—F. congesta Roxb.

subser. Hispidae Corner subser. nov.—Pili brunnei v. albidi.

Folia spiraliter disposita, plerumque opposita et scabrida. Recep-

tacula cauliflora, plerumque in racemis ramosis elongatis penden-

tibus, v. geocarpia, saepe bracteis lateralibus parvis praedita: setis

internis nullis. Pakistan, Ceylon usque ad New Guinea et

Queensland (praeter ins. Philippine), 2 spp. Typus:—F. hispida

Linn. f.

subser. Axillares Corner subser. nov.—Pili albidi, brunnei, v.

purpurei, etiam glabrae. Folia plerumque brevipetiolata, spiraliter

disposita v. subopposita, in speciebus nonnullis pandurata gros-

sedentata. Receptacula axillaria, saepe bracteis lateralibus parvis

praedita: bracteis basalibus conspicuis 4-16 mm. longis: setis

internis paucis minutis v. nullis. Burma usque ad New Guinea,

5 spp. Typus:—F. decipiens Reinw. ex BI.

Vol. XVII. (1960).

subser. Fulvidulae Corner subser. nov.—Pili fulviduli pallidi

tomentosi molles. Folia longipetiolata spiraliter disposita. Recep-

tacula ad basim trunci cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis lateralibus

numerosis, paucis v. nullis: setis internis plerumque copiosis.

Sumatra, Borneo, 3 spp. Typus:—F. cereicarpa Corner.

subser. Geocarpicae Corner subser. nov.—Pili albidi v. brunnei.

Folia brevipetiolata, saepe asymmetrica, disticha. Receptacula

geocarpica ad ramulos stoloniferos, plerumque bracteis lateralibus

conspicuis praedita: setis internis nullis (praeter F. treubii King).

Perianthium saepe perbreve v. in floribus femineis nullum. Malaya,

Lingga, Borneo, Celebes, 8 spp. Typus:—F. geocarpa Mia.

subser. Tuberculifasciculatae.—sect. Sycidium ser. Euscycei-

foliae Sata |.c.—Glabrae v. pilis albidis v. brunneis appressis tenue

vestitae. Folia longi—v. brevipetiolata spiraliter disposita, oppo-

sita, v. disticha, saepe angusta: intercostis saepe paucis laxis. Re-

ceptacula axillaria, cauliflora v. geocarpica, bracteis lateralibus

nullis: bracteis basalibus brevibus: setis internis paucis v. nullis.

India usque ad ins. Solomon, 9 spp. Typus:—F. repandifolia

Elmer (F. fistulosa Reinw. ex Bl.).—Species reliquae propriis in-

signibus nullis.

subsect. Auriculisperma Corner ser. Cynaroides Corner

F. cynaroides Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta. Folia longipe-

tiolata spiraliter disposita, conferta. Ramuli, petioli, et costa

media (supra) pilis rigidis 2-6 mm. longis brunneo-purpureis

strigosi, receptacula brevioribus 1—2 mm. longis; nervi subtus

minute et dense puberuli. Ramuli 10-12 mm. crassi. Stipulae

7-12 cm. K 20-25 mm., longissimae, persistentes, imbricatae,

alabastrum et receptacula obtegentes, dense pallide sericeae.

Lamina 20-40 « 10-23 cm., elliptica subovata v. subobovata,

breviter acuminata, basi later cuneata, integra, tenue coriacea.

laevis v. subtus subscabrida, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus

utrinsecus 9-13 (—14), intercostis 10-22 strictis, subtus leviter

elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 3, ad 1 laminae elongatis,

glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 20-120 « 4-5 mm., glandula

subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria stipulis obtecta binata

sessilia compressa hispida: bracteis basalibus 3-4, 7-15 x

2—3.5 mm., lanceolatis, appresse brunneo-pilosis: corpore recep-

taculi 16-23 mm. lata (22 * 26 mm. vivo), depresso-globoso,

bracteis lateralibus nullis, bracteis 6-8 apicalibus 4-6 mm.

longis erectis v. incurvis, pilosis, ovato-lanceolatis: setis internis

Gardens Bulletin, S.

et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus

instructi, perianthio saccato: staminibus 2, antheris mucronatis,

filamentis liberis. Flores cecidiophori et feminei sessiles v.

stipitaiti: perianthio cupulari integro, saepe obliquo, 4 ovarii

fusco-rubri tegenti v. feminei breviori: stylo glabro. Semina

1.4-1.6 « 1 X 0.8 mm., auriculiformia laevia, hilo non pro-

minenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. (Bougainville), in

silvis frequens.

Species distinctissima F. lancibracteatae Corner affinis. Ramuli,

ut videtur, capitulis cynaroidibus terminati.

Kajewski 1856 (typus, herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse 202,

B265, 578, 845.

F. lancibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —12 m. alta, foliis longi-

petiolatis spiraliter dispositis (? suboppositis). Ramuli, petioli,

laminae margines, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneo-purpureis

rigidis strigoso-hispidi, pilis ad ramulos petiolosque 3—7 mm.

longis, ad costas subtus 1—2 mm. longis: nervuli pallide puberuli:

lamina supra appresse pallido-pilosa. Ramuli 4 mm. crassi.

Stipulae 20-30 mm. longae, caducae, glabrae v. ad basim

setosae. Lamina 10-15 x 6-9 cm., elliptica, apice acuminata

—10 mm. longo, basi cuneata v. rotundato-cuneata, denticulata

v. subintegra, membranacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis latera-

libus utrinsecus 7—8, intercostis strictis —9, subtus elevatis: costis

basalibus utrinsecus 2, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis basa-

libus nullis: petiolo 18-75 2 mm., glandula subnodali nulla.

Receptacula axillaria sessilia, 15 mm. lata, glabra v. primo

tenue brunneo-pilosa, bracteis lateralibus lanceolatis glabris

numerosis —12 mm. longis praedita, bracteis apicalibus con-

fertis erectis: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores

feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: periantho cupulari bre-

Vissimo stipitem ovarii fusco-rubri amplectanti: stylo laterali

glabro. Semina 1.4—1.5 x 0.6 mm., auriculiformia compressa,

obtuse carinata, laevia, hilo non prominenti. Cystolitha hypo-

gena. Solomon Isl. (Bougainville.)

Receptacula ut in F. macrostyla Corner et F. longibracteata

Corner, sed semina diversa. Semel collecta sed “‘in silvis frequens”

notata.

Kajewski 2032 (Buin, typus herb. Kew).

subsect. Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner

F. dammaropsis Diels var. obtusa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula

8-13 cm. lata (bracteis exclusis): bracteis lateralibus -35 Xx

70 mm., fere semicircularibus, obtusissimis: pariete 4-6 mm.

crassi, prope ostiolum 10-12 mm. Terr. New Guinea, Papua.

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

Brass 23340 (Milne Bay District, Mt. Dayman); Carr 13942

(Yodda River, typus herb. Br. Mus.); Hoogland 6138 (Mt. Ha-

gen); NGF 1113 et 3396 (Aujura), 3047 (Partep), 7501

(Morobe, Bulolo Valley). .

subsect. Pomifera Corner

F. oligodon Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 234, 297.—

F. pomifera Wall. ex King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2

(1888) 171, p. 215, non Kurz: Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc.,

11 (1933) 46, f. 24.

subsect. Macrostyla Corner

F. squamosa Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 531.—F. saemocarpa Miq.

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 232, 296.—There is a

specimen of Roxburgh’s in herb. Martti, Brussels, named “F.

squamosa” by Roxburgh, which I take to be the type.

F. macrostyla Corner sp. nov.—Frutex, foliis brevipetiolatis

spiraliter dipsositis. Ramuli, petioli, et stipulae pilis fusco-

brunneis appressis 0.5—1 mm. longis dense vestiti, costa utrimque

pilis sparsis brevioribus glabrescens: nervuli glabri. Ramuli 3

mm. crassi, fusco-brunnei. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, anguste

lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina 9-18 x 2.5—4 cm., obovato-

lanceolata, acuta, ad basim angustum attenuata, integra, laevis,

sicco griseo-viridis v. brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus

8-11, obliquis, intercostis —8, subtus haud v. vix elevatis: costis

basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis nullis: petiolo 12—35

x 2-2.5 mm. Receptacula axillaria (? ramiflora), ? solitaria,

25 xX 20 mm. (bracteis inclusis), bracteis lanceolatis rectis

planis numerosis appresse brunneo-pilosis -—17 x 6 mm., toto

obtecta, basim versus bracteis brevioribus -6 x 3 mm., ad

pedunculum (?) 1-2 mm. longum attenuata, bracteis basalibus

ternatis deficientibus, ostiolo ?; setis internis paucis brunneis:

cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei subsessiles: perianthio

cupulari brevissimo hispiduloso: ovario plus minus stipitato,

brunneo, marginibus utrisque pilis deflexis hispidis: stylo 12—15

mm. longo, pilis deflexis puberulis, apicem versus pilis confertis

patentibus. Semina 1 x 0.6 mm., subcompressa, lentiformia

carinata laevia, hilo non prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena.

Sarawak (Saribas, riparia, Haviland 3601, typus herb. Kew).

_ Species insignis, specimine unico, F. squamosae Roxb. affinis ©

sed in omnibus partibus diversa.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Longetuberculatae Sata

F. ribes Reinw. ex BI. var. cuneata (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—

Covellia cuneata Mig. Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 7 (1848) 466, t.

8B.—F. cuneata Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 297.

f. stenophylla Corner f. nov.—Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9

(1937) 3436 (ut F. linearifolia Elmer).—Lamina 5-15 0.8-

2.4 cm., lineari-lanceolata. Philippines.

Elmer 14514 (typus herb. Copenhagen), 14949, 17726; Bur.

Sci. 24872; PNH 37136; Sablaya 57.

var. serraria (Mig.) Corner comb. nov.—F. serraria Miq. FI.

Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 428.—Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus)

pilis rigidis erectis fusco-brunneis 1-3 mm. longis strigoso-villosi,

nervuli subtus sparsim appresse albido-puberuli, laminae pagina

superior pilis albidis appressis sparsa. Lamina serrato-dentata v.

subintegra. Stylus femineus glaber. Sumatra.

Ut F. vrieseana Mia. villosior, sed cystolithis amphigenis copio-

sis ut F. ribes.

Teysmann 738 (Batang Baroes, typus herb. Utrecht); Achmad

86 (Simaloer); Bangham 748, 952 (Siantar-Berastagi; det. F.

obscura Bl.); Bartlett 10403, 10608 (Toba); Bunnemeyer 655,

10332 (Koerintje); Lorzing 1701, 6797, 9715 (Karoland), 8857,

8862 (Toba); Nielsen 1252 (Pintan); NIFS bb. 7161: Sing. F.n.

16302 (Berastagi); v. Steenis 5924.

F. botryocarpa Miq. v. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner com. nov.—

F. linearifolia Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 257:—F.

cervina Elmer, id. 2 (1908) 543.—This is merely a lanceolate,

willow-leafed variety or form of F. botryocarpa.

Elmer 7428 (type), 7604, 9364, 10179 (type, F. cervina);

Baker 2633; Bur. Sci. 2633, 22104, 33874, 76439; PNH 18286.

var. subalbidoramea (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—F. mindo-

rensis Merr. Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 17 (1904) 12.—F. sordi-

dissima Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1268.—F. subalbi-

doramea Elmer, id. 7 (1914) 2389.—This is the state with short,

pale, appressed hairs which is commonly, but erroneously, called

F. conora King. The type of this species must be the collection of

Beccari s.n. (Acqui Conora, Ternate), which is typical F. botryo-

carpa with dark brown spreading hairs.

f. scabrida Corner f. nov—Lamina subtus scabrida. Pili erecti

hispido-villosi albidi v. brunneoli —1 mm. longi. New Guinea, New

Britain.

Vol. XVII. (1960).

‘Barclay 3561 (New Guinea); Beccari 388 (New Guinea,

Ramoi); L. S. Gibbs 6172 (Manokwari, det. F. brachiata King) ;

Kanehira et Hatusima 13430 (Manokwari); Kostermans 449

(Manokwari, typus herb. Leiden); Lauterbach 2548; NGF 3493

(New Britain), 4310 (Morobe); J. C. Saunders 41 (Terr. New

Guinea, Northern District).

F. parvibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis longi-

uscule petiolatis spiraliter disposita. Ramuli, petioli, costae

nervulique subtus, stipulae, et receptacula pilis albidis appressis

__ tenue vestiti. Ramuli 3 mm. crassi, pallide cremei. Stipulae —15

mm. longae, caducae. Lamina —20 7 cm., anguste elliptica,

apice abrupte acuminata v. caudata —10 mm. longo, basi

anguste cuneata, integra, membranacea, utrimque subscabrida,

sicco griseo-virids: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-7, obliquis,

intercostis —9, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 1, brevibus,

glandulis nullis: petiolo —50 mm., gracili. Receptacula ad

ramulos efoliatos laxe paniculatos —25 cm. longos, basi 4-5 mm.

crassos, internodis —15 mm. iongis, cauliflora: pedunculo 3-5

mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-5 « 2.5—4 mm., ovato-

acutis: pedicello 0; corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. lato, sub-

globoso, bracteis lateralibus nonnullis appressis praedito, api-

calibus 5 appressis: setis internis —1 mm. longis, brunneis,

copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis.

Flores masculi ordine uno instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidio-

phori perianthio ovarium rufo-brunneum obtegenti. Cystolitha

amphigena. Celebes (Kjellberg 2640, B. Porema, 1,500 m. alt.;

typus, herb. Stockholm). |

Receptacula ut F. ribes sed bracteis lateralibus praedita, basali-

bus majoribus. Folia spiraliter instructa et longiuscule petiolata ut

F. cassidyana. Elmer.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Praestantes Corner

F. praestans Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis longipe-

tiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, costae

(subtus) pilis appressis aureo- v. fusco-brunneis rigidis 1-2 mm.

longis dense vestiti, nervuli subtus pilis brevioribus albidis.

Ramuli 7—12 mm. crassi, brunnei, glabrescentes. Stipulae 20-60:

x 12-25 mm., late lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina —48

. 28 cm., elliptico-obovata, apice acuminata —15 mm. longo, ad

basim subcordatum v. cuneatum attenuata v. sublyrata, denti-

culata v. subintegra, membranacea, supra sparsim appresse

albido-pilosa, subtus subscabrida, sicco brunneola: costis

Gardens Bulletin, S.

lateralibus utrinsecus 10-12, intercostis strictis —13, subtus

elevatis; costis basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, brevibus, glandulis nul-

lis: petiolo 30-110 & 4-5 mm. Receptacula ad ramos efoliatos

crassos, vix ramosos, —-40 cm. * 10—22 mm., internodis haud

evolutis, receptaculorum cicatricibus armatos, apice stipulatos,

cauliflora: pedunculo 8-12 * 3 mm.; corpore receptaculi 25

mm. lato, depresso-globoso, mox glabro, bracteis lateralibus

numerosis ut stipulas toto obtecto, apicem versus bracteis mino-

ribus, basim versus subverticillatis: setis internis minutis sparsis

brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis.

Flores masculi ordine uno instructi, breviter pedicellati, brac-

teolis 2: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori pedicellati: perian-

thio ovarium tegenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain (Keravat,

NGF 3407, typus herb. Lae).

Seminibus incognitis species magnifica sedis incertae, forsan F.

longibracteatae Corner affinis, sed receptaculis debracteatis F.

pachyrhachis K. Schum. verisimilis.

F. longibracteata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis longi-

petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Stipulae, petioli, et costae (subtus)

pilis albidis v. brunneis —1 (—1.5) mm. longis appressis tenue

vestiti, nervuli subtus pilis brevioribus. Ramuli 5—7 mm. crassi,

brunnei, glabri v. nodis sparsim pilosi. Stipulae 20-95 « 12-22

mm., grandes, late lanceolatae, subcaducae. Lamina 17-33

11-25 cm., elliptica, breviter et obtusiuscule acuminata, basi

cordata v. rotundato-cuneata, integra, membranacea, laevis,

sicco fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, saepe

glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis —12, subtus elevatis; costis

basalibus utrinsecus 3—4, ad 4-3 laminae elongatis, glandulis

basalibus nullis: petiolo 40-110 « 3-4 mm., glandula sub-

nodali praedito. Receptacula axillaria solitaria et ad ramulos

efoliatos stipulatos —35 cm. longos, 5 mm. latos, internodis 2—4

cm. longis, cauliflora (? geocarpica): pedunculo 3-13 & 2 mm.;

bracteis basalibus 20-30 & 11-15 mm., late lanceolatis, ap-

presse brunneo-pilosis, haud in collare instructis: corpore recep-

taculi 15-22 mm. lato (30-45 mm., vivo, pariete 5—7 mm.

crasso), subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus numerosis lanceolatis

—25 < 15 mm., apicem versus minoribus, obtecto: setis internis

albidis, brevibus, sparsis: cellulis scleroticis nullis v. in strato

parieties rec. fem. interno sparsis. Flores masculi ordinibus 3-4

instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori longipedicellati: perian-

thio ovarium ad basim stigmatis tegenti. Flores feminei plus

minus pedicellati: perianthio cupulari breve ad basim stipitis

ovarii rufo-brunnei: stylo piloso. Semina 1-1.3 « 0.8 * 0.7

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

mm., sublentiformia, leviter carinata, subtuberculata, aspera,

hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Solomon Isl. (Bougain-

ville, Guadalcanal, Florida), in silvis primariis et secundariis

_ frequens.

Species insignis, F. complexae Corner (sect. Sycidium) similis.

Brass 3492 (typus, herb. Leiden); E. S. Brown 2705, W/17,

W/199; Kajewski 1864.

var. lebetoides Corner v. nov.—Stipulae breviores, — 35 mm.

longae. Costae laterales utrinsecus pauciores 4-7. Bracteae basales

minores 7-10 < 3—6 mm. Receptacula 14—18 mm. lata, depresso-

globosa, bracteis lateralibus 5-8 mm. longis sparsis, apicalibus

3—6 mm. longis erectis: setis internis nullis. Solomon Isl. (Guadal-

canal, Kajewski 2642, Mt. Tutuve, typus herb. Kew).

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Calopilinae Corner

F. pachyrrhachis Laut. et K. Schum. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds.

(1901) 282.—F. grandis King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2

(1888) 170, pl. 214; non Mig. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat 3

(1867) 315. —F. pachythyrsa Diels, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 67

(1935) 215.—I have examined the types of these species, which

are certainly conspecific. Unfortunately King’s name is a later

homonym.

var. porrecta Corner v. nov.—Receptacula ostiolo non depresso,

bracteis apicalibus lanceolatis rectis 3-5 mm. longis nonnullis:

bracteis lateralibus paucis similibus. Ramuli, stipulae, et folia pilis

rigidis appressis. Netherlands New Guinea (Mendawa, BW 682,

typus herb. Leiden).

F. longibracteatae Corner v. lebetoidis Corner similis sed costis.

lateralibus paucioribus, setis internis copiosis.

F. baccaureoides Corner sp. nov.—Arbor — 6m. alta, foliis longi-

uscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae

(subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneis 2-4 mm. longis erectis v. de-

curvatis hispidi, ad costas 1-2 mm. longis: nervuli subtus bre-

viter hispiduli: laminae pagina superior pilis albidis rigidis

Sparsim hispido-scabrida. Ramuli 4-5 mm. crassi, ? cavi.

Stipulae 15-30 mm. longae, glabrae, caducae. Lamina 14—30

11-17 cm., obovata, apice breviter acuminata —7 mm. longo.

basi cordata v. rotundato-cuneata, denticulata v. subintegra,

membranacea, utrimque hispido-scabrida, sicco fusco-brunnea:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, marginem versus dichotomis

et glandula axillari ad furcam praeditis, intercostis —12, subtus

Gardens Bulletin, S.

elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 4—5, brevibus, glandulis

nullis: petiolo 15-55 2.5—3 mm., glandula subnodali exigua

praedito. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —1 m.

longos, 3—4 mm. crassos, aliquando apicibus foliosis, cauliflora,

albido-hispidula dein glabra: pedunculo 11-25 X 1.5 mm.: brac-

teis basalibus 3, 1.5—-3 mm. longis, ovato-subacutis, caducis:

corpore receptaculi 13-16 mm. lato (21 x 22 mm., vivo),

depresso-globoso, aliquando brevipedicellato bracteis lateralibus

nullis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis glabris occluso:

setis internis 0.5—1 mm. longis, brunneolis, vix numerosis: cel-

lulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores feminei

subsessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio brevi tubulari usque ad

basim ovarii fusco-rubri extenso: stylo glabro. Semina 1 x 0.6

mm., sublentiformia carinata laevia, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha

hypogena, v. etiam paucis hypergena. Solomon Isl. (Bougain-

ville).

Forsan F. bougainvillei Rechinger affinis, sed cauliflora pedun-

culis receptaculi longioribus, bracteis basalibus caducis inter alia

differt.

Kajewski 1927 (Buin, typus herb. Kew); J. H. L. Waterhouse

7, 208, B208.

F. profusa Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —15 m. alta, foliis longepetio-

laris spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, nervi

utrimque, et receptacula juvenia pilis appressis brunneis 1—1.5

mm. longis densiuscule vestitis, nervuli pilis brevioribus sub-

erectis sparsi: laminae pagina superior pilis aibidis appressis

scabrida. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi, brunnei. Stipulae —25 mm.

longae, caducae. Lamina —25 x 15 cm., ovata v. elliptica,

breviter subacuminata, basi rotundato-subcorcata v. anguste

rotundata, membranacea, ciliato-denticulata, utrimaue scabrida,

sicco fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8, plerumque

glandula axillari praeditis et saepe glandula ad furcas marginem

laminae versus, intercostis 5—9 sublaxis, subtus vix elevatis:

costis basalibus utrinsecus 3-4, ad 4 laminae elongatis,

glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo 30-120 mm. longo, glabrescenti,

glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula ad basim trunci pro-

fusa (? ad ramulos stoloniformes), glabrescentia, maturitate

luteo-viridia: pedunculo 4-8 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3,

4 mm. longis, lanceolato-ellipticis, non caducis: corpore recep-

taculi 15 mm. lato (25 & 30 mm., vivo), depresso-subgloboso,

bracteis lateralibus nullis, apicem versus subcostato, ostiolo

primo bracteis 5 apicalibus umbonatis appressis occluso dein

internis minoribus numerosis insertis: setis internis brunneis

a a

Cs a at

EE eee eee Le

Vol. XVII. (1960).

nonnullis: cellulis scleroticis in rec. fem. nullis. Flores feminei

sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo ut collare

ad basim ovarii rufo-brunnei; stylo dense piloso. Semina 0.8-1

mm. longa, subcarinata, subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cysto-

litha hypogena: pili papillati. Solomon Isl., Bougainville (Kupei

Gold Field, Kajewski 1743, typus herb. Kew).

F. d’Albertisii King affinis sed receptaculis a diligentissimo Ka-

jewski notata ‘“‘on the roots of the tree in great profusion”, haud

ad ramulos spiciformes cauliflora, bracteis basalibus apicalibusque

majoribus inter alia differt. Melius species nova solomonensis

describenda quam ad novoguineenses referenda.

F. papuana Corner sp. nov.—Summerhayes, J. Arn. Arb. 22

(1941) 99, ut F. setistyla Warb.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis bre-

vipetiolatis distichis v. oppositis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (sub-

tus) pilis brunneolis erectis 1-2 mm. longis hispido-villosi:

nervuli subtus pilis albidis brevioribus: laminae pagina superior

pilis appressis albidis sparsa. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi, cavi.

Stipulae —20 mm. longae, appresse pilosae, caducae. Lamina

20-38 x« 10-17 cm., oblongo-elliptica, ad apicem subacumi-

natum —20 mm. longum attenuata, basi asymmetrica uno latere

caudato-auriculata altero anguste subcordata, denticulata, mem-

branacea, supra scabridula, subtus velutinosa, sicco brunnea:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus (7—) 9-12, marginem versus fur-

catis, subtus valde elevatis, intercostis —8, subtus elevatis: costis

basalibus 3 + 5, brevibus: petiolo 10-15 mm. longo, saepe

laminae auricula obtecto, glandula subnodali praedito. Recep-

tacula ad ramulos efoliatos crassos breves cauliflora, hispidula

dein glabra: pedunculo 10-35 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3,

2-4 mm. longis, ovato-subacutis: corpore receptaculi 20-30

mm. lato (-45 mm., vivo), pyriformi, bracteis lateralibus nullis,

ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus nonnullis confertis oc-

cluso: setis internis albidis, sparsis v. copiosis: cellulis scleroticis

nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus 2—3 instructi, pedicellati: stamen

1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicello —3.5 mm. longo prae-

diti: perianthio ovarium rufo-brunneum tegenti. Flores feminei

sessiles v. pedicello —1.5 mm. longo praediti: perianthio brevis-

simo: ovario rufo-brunneo sessili v. stipitato: stylo dense piloso.

Semina subtuberculata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena.

Papua, Terr. New Guinea.

F. calopilinae Diels affinis et forsan varietas, sed foliis distichis,

lamina oblonga, basi valde asymmetrica, brevipetiolata, costis plu-

tibus, basalibus brevibus, et indumento molli differt.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Brass 1159 (Vailala River, Upoia), 5605 (Central Division,

Kubuna), 5967 (Western Division, Oriomo River), 6440 (Wes-

tern Division, Daru Isl., typus herb. Kew), 7740 (Middle Fly

River, Lake Daviambu); Carr 11640 (Veiya).

F. vrieseana Miq. var. vrieseana f. appressipilosa Corner f. nov.—

F. brachiata King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 106,

pl. 136.—Pili—1 mm. longi, appressi, breviores. Java, Sumatra.

Koorders 9087, 21916 (typus, herb. Leiden), 24633, prov..

Banjoemas, Java; Meijer 4268 (Sumatra, Indragiri): Forbes 1605,

2313 (typus, F. brachiata King), Sumatra.

var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Corner comb. nov.—F. chamae-

carpa Ridley, Kew Bull. (1926) 82; Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As.

Soc. 11 (1933) 22, f. 10, 11.—Appressipilosa. Lamina basi plus

minus valde asymmetrica, uno latere cordato-auriculata. Setae in-

ternae paucae. Perianthium cecidiophorum breve. Malaya,

Sumatra.

f. obliqua Corner f. nov.—Pili erecti. Lamina basi minus asym-.

metrica. Malaya, Sumatra, New Guinea.

Malaya:—Corner s.n. (Johore, G. Panti, 10.3.35); Hume

9544 (Ginting Simpah); Ridley 2588 (Tahan River); Sing. F.n.

26031 (Negri Sembilan, Bt. Tangga, typus herb. Singapore);

Sumatra:—v. Steenis 3465 (Palembang, Ranau-meer). New

Guinea:—Kostermans 2620 (Manokwari).

F. sublimbata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor foliis brevipetiolatis spira-.

liter dispositis v. decussatis. Ramuli, petioli, et costa media

(subtus) pilis albidis v. brunneolis rectis appressis —1 mm. longis.

vestiti: nervuli pilis plus minus patentibus: laminae pagina

superior pilis appressis sparsa. Ramuli 2.5-3 mm. crassi.

Stipulae —15 mm. longae, ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, ad

carinam pilosae, subpersistentes. Lamina 10-15 « 4-8 cm.,

elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata, sym-.

metrica, subdentata, denticulata v. subintegra, subcoriacea,

laevis, sicco brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsceus 4, intercostis

4-7, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3, ad 4-4

laminae elongatis: petiolo 10-25 mm., glandula subnodali

praedito. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos stipulatos —35 cm.

longos, 5—6 mm. crassos, internodis 5—15 mm. longis, cauliflora:

pedunculo 12-15 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-4 mm.

longis, lanceolatis, crassis, glabris: corpore receptaculi 25 mm.

lato, subgloboso, pilis brunneolis sparsim vestito dein glabro,

bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus.

50;,

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

numerosis occluso: setis internis —1 mm. longis, brunneolis,

copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis rec. cecid. interno

copiosis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus instructi: stamen 1.

Flores cecidiophori pedicellati: perianthio ad 3—4 ovarii rufo-

brunnei cupulato. Cystolitha hypogena. New Guinea (Wissel

Lake, Eyma 4770, typus herb. Leiden).

F. calopilinae Diels, F. ternatanae Miq., et F. tunicatae affinis,

‘sed costis lateralibus paucis, basalibus elongatis, receptaculis

majusculis. Inquirenda.

F. tunicata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor foliis breviuscule petiolatis

spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli et petioli pilis patentibus v. ap-

pressis brunneis —1 mm. longis sparsim vestiti: costae subtus

appresse pilosae: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis sparsa.

Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi. Stipulae —15 mm. longae, lanceolatae,

appresse brunneo-pilosae. Lamina —23 x 12 cm., ovata, sub-

acuminata, breviter cordata, subdenticulata, membranacea,

‘supra subscabrida, sicco brunneola: costis lateralibus utrinsecus

5-7, intercostis —11, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus

2-3, ad 4 laminae elongatis, glandulis nullis: petiolo 20-35

mm. longo. Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos —5 cm. longos

-cauliflora: pedunculo 2—3 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5

mm. longis, subacutis: corpore receptaculi 10 mm. lato (im-

maturo), subgloboso: glabro, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo

plano bracteis apicalibus 5 parvis occluso: setis internis copiosis

brevibus brunneis: cellulis scleroticis in strato. parietis interno

copiosis. Flores masculi ordine uno instructi: stamen 1. Flores

cecidiophori sessiles v. stipitati: perianthio ovarium usque ad

basim styli tegenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Great Key Isl. (H.

Jensen 121, typus herb. Copenhagen).

Aspectus F. variegatae Bl., vero F. ternatanae Miq. et F. sub-

limbatae Corner affinis.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Congestae Corner

¥. congesta Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 560; Wight, Ic. t. 644; Migq.

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 296; King, Ann. R. Bot.

Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 180.—F. fasciculata F. Muell. ex Benth.

Fl. Austral. 6 (1873) 177, et v. opposita. Benth.—F. setistyla

Warb. Fedde’s Rep. 1 (1905) 77.—F. trichostyla Warb. id.—

F, satterthwaitei Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1906) 199.—F.

appendiculata Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 18 (1921) 57.—F. binuan-

_gensis Merr. id. 67.—Miquel and King regarded this as an un-

certain species, but there is now abundant material to show

Gardens Bulletin, S.

that it is one of the important, common, and variable species of |

central and eastern Malaysia. Because of this variability, which :

requires field-study, the species is difficult to assess. Six old spe- :

cimens prove its identity. Wallich 4510 represents F. congesta

as cultivated in the Calcutta Botanic Gardens, presumably being

the plants raised by Roxburgh from Amboina. B. Hamilton

2427, at Edinburgh, is named “F. congesta Hort. Beng. 66”. In

herb. Martii, Brussels, there are four sheets of Roxburgh’s which

are identical, but none is named F. congesta by him; that

labelled “n.9” has the note by him “undetermined Ficus from

Amboyna June 1809”, and two others (10, 11) are named F.

conglomerata by him. All these agree with Roxburgh’s descrip-

tion and Wight’s illustration. Matching them is the recent col-

lection C. B. Robinson 1690 (Amboina) which Merrill deter-

mined as F. congesta Roxb. On these grounds I list the above

synonyms, after the examination of their types. F. setistyla

Warb., based on Diels 8497 (Queensland), seems to be a mix-

ture; the leaves are those of F. congesta, with which I identify it,

but the figs in a capsule are those of F. hispida (with lateral

bracts and strongly hairy style). In the Philippines F. congesta

seems to grade into F’. benguetensis Merr.; in Celebes and Bor-

neo it comes near to F. miqueliana Corner: in Australia it tends

to have smaller figs, as in some collections from New Guinea,

and there is a suggestion that it may be geocarpic (unless con-

fused with such a form of F. hispida). This Australian form is

“F. caudiciflora Solander ms.”’.

var. Chaimersii (King) Corner comb. nov.—F. chalmersii King,

J. As. Soc. Beng. 55 (1887) 406; Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2

(1888) App. 6, pl. 230A.—F. caulothyrsa Laut. et K. Schum.

Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Suds. (1901) 286.—This has more thickly

appressedly hairy twigs, petioles and underside of the nerves. It

occurs chiefly in New Guinea.

var. menadena (Miq.) Corner comb. nov.—F. menadena Mid.

Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3 (1867) 233, 296.—This is an un-

usually hairy state from Celebes, represented by twelve collections.

F. schwarzii Koord. Meded. Pl. Tuin Batavia 19 (1898) 607,

-644.—Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc. 11 (1933) 34, f. 18, 19;

- Gard. Bull. S.S. 10 (1939) 286, ut F. miquelii King.—Koor-

ders cited no collections. One only of his (n. 19252, Minahassa)

bears the name F. schwarzii, which is written by him, and as it

agrees with the brief description, J take it to be the type. It is.

Vol. XVIM. (1960).

the same as the rather common species known in Malaya. as

F. miquelii King. Unfortunately this name cannot be used. King

made clear in his description that he intended the name F.

miquelii to substitute that of F. caulocarpa Miq. (Covellia),

with the collection de Vriese (Celebes) as type, because he

treated F. caulocarpa (Covellia) as a homonym of F. caulo-

_carpa Miq. (Urostigma). King first wrote F. caulocarpa Miq.

on many sheets of the Covellia-species and then crossed this.

name out in most cases and wrote F. miquelii King. Hence there

is no question which F. caulocarpa, as simultaneous homonyms,

has priority. The type of F. caulocarpa (Covellia) was cited first

in the list of collections given by King under F.. miquelii. I have

now examined this specimen at Leiden, where King also studied

it, and find that it is unmistakably F. botryocarpa Miq. with

cystoliths abundant on both sides of the lamina. Accordingly, I

reduce F. miquelii to F. botryocarpa. King’s plate of F. miquelii

represents the Malayan plant which must be called F. schwarzii

Koord., but the nine other collections which he cited belong to

three species, thus:— Bi gae a

Singapore, leg. King; Perak, King’s coll. 955, 1883; Burma,

Kurz 1520, 3145:—F. schwarzii Koord.

Sumatra, Beccari P.S. 544, 631, 761:—F. ribes Reinw.

New Guinea, Forbes 903:—F. congesta Roxb. v. chalmersii

(King) Corner.

King’s description is a mixture of all these. Thus, even if F.

schwarzii had not been described, a new name would have had to

be made for the Malayan species.

In Celebes, F. schwarzii comes close to F. congesta Roxb. and

to F. ternatana Miq., and they need field-investigation.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Hispidae Corner

F. hispida Linn. f. var. badiostrigosa Corner v. nov.—F.

heterostyla Merr. J. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 158.—Ramuli petio-

lique pilis obscure brunneis rigidis 2~4 mm. longis strigoso-his-

pidi, receptacula et costae (subtus) pilis 1-2 mm. longis.

Receptacula ad ramulos efoliatos elongatos stoloniformes —6 m.

longos, 4—6 mm. crassos, internodis 2-10 cm. longos, geocar-

pica: pedunculo 4-12 * 1-1.5 mm.:: bracteis basalibus 2—2.5

mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 12-15 mm. lato, parviusculo.

Semina 0.8 mm. longa. Tonkin, Laos, Annam.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tonkin:—Balansa 763 (Dong Dang); Petelot 2569, 5664 (Mt.

‘Bavi, typus F. heterostyla). Laos:—Poilane 13277 (prov.

Savanna Khet, inter Laobao et Muong Non). Annam:—Poilane

7394 (Lien Chien, pr. Tourane), 11134 (Dong co Pat, prov.

‘Quang Tri, typus v. badiostrigosa, herb. Paris), 13564 (Quang

Tri river, inter L. Bar Ching et L. Da Ban).

var. rubra Corner v. nov.—Receptacula 12-15 mm. lata, ad

ramulos elongatos efoliatos geocarpica, maturitate rubra: pedun-

-culo —5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibis 0-2. Ramuli, petiolique

pilis obscure brunneis —1 mm. longis hispidi. Folia opposita:

stipulae persistentes. China, Annam, in silvis montanis —1,500 m.

alt.

In v. hispida receptacula semper flavescentia v. brunnescentia,

“nunquam rubescentia.

A. N. Steward et H. C. Cheo 690, Kwangsi, Ling Yuen Hsien,

“3m. shrub: fruit red, on root of tree’; Poilane 32047 (typus,

herb. Paris), Annam, 1,000-1,500 m. alt., 6—8 m. tree, fruits red,

-on runner on soil.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Axillares Corner

_F. lepicarpa Bl. var. brevibracteata Corner v. nov.—Bracteae

basales 2—4 mm. longae (v. lepicarpa 4-13 mm. longae): brac-

teae laterales 1-2 v. nullae. Receptacula sessilia, sparsim ap-

presse pilosa. Amboina, Sarawak, North Borneo.

Amboina:—C. B. Robinson 1675, 1676; Barclay 4155 (det. F.

_leucantotoma). Sarawak:—Haviland s.n. (Penkalan Ampat, typus

-herb. Kew). British North Borneo:—For. Dept. A1059 (Sanda-

kan, mixed with F. septica).

var. pedunculata Corner v. nov.—Receptacula pedunculis 2-8

mm. longis: bracteis basalibus 2—4 mm. longis: bracteis lateralibus

paucis v. nullis. Thailand, Borneo.

Thailand:—RFD 7585. Borneo:—Amdjah 790; Jaheri 138;

Hallier 469, For. Dept. B.N.B. 1407, 1891, A1163, A2269;

Ridley 12327; Winkler 3332 (S.E. Borneo, det. F. volkameriifolia

Wall., typus herb. Leiden).

var. suluensis Corner v. nov.—Receptacula brunneo-hispida,

pilis -O.5 mm. longis: pedunculo 3—4 mm. longo, brunneo-hispida:

bracteis basalibus 3-4 mm. longis: bracteis lateralibus nullis. Sulu

Archipelago (Tawi-tawi; PNH 7471, typus herb. Manila; PNH

7051; Bur. Sci. 44016).

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

Folia et ramuli glabri ut in v. lepicarpa, receptacula brunneo-

hispida ut in F. carpenteriana Elmer. Species ambae verae in

Tawi-tawi collectae, sed in his numeris ter commixtae?

F, latimarginata Corner sp. nov.—Arbor parva —4 m. alta, ramis:

paucis, foliis breviuscule petiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli,

petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis brunneis rigidis patentibus 2-4

mm. longis dense hispidi, ad intercostas 1-2 mm. longis: nervuli

pilis brevioribus sparsis: laminae pagina superior pilis albidis

sparsim hispida, glabrescens. Ramuli 4—6 mm. crassi. Stipulae

~ 25-40 X 15-27 mm., ovato-lanceolatae, brunneo-strigosae,,.

marginibus latis glabris, persistentibus. Lamina —30 12 cm.,

oblongo-elliptica v. elliptico-obovata, apice breviter acuminata

—15 mm. longo, basi cuneato-subcordata, ciliato-denticulata,

utrimque subscabrida, membranacea, sicco brunnea: costis

lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, subtus valde elevatis, glandulis.

axillaribus praeditis, etiam saepe ad furcas marginem versus:

intercostis numerosis, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus

2-3, brevibus, glandulis basalibus nullis: petiolo 15-25 x 3-4

mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula axillaria sessilia

stipulis semitecta: bracteis basalibus 3, 5-14 x 4-5 mm.,

lanceolatis, appresse brunneo-pilosis: corpore receptaculi 20-23

mm. lato, subgloboso v. depresso-globoso, bracteis lateralibus

nullis, pilis brunneis patentibus 1-2 mm. longis dense hispido,

ostiolo subdepresso bracteis apicalibus numerosis occluso: setis

internis nullis: cellulis scleroticis ut lamina tenui in strato

parietis interno. Flores feminei pedicellati: perianthio brevi

tubulari stipitem ovarii rufo-brunnei amplectanti: stylo sparsim

puberulo v. glabro. Semina 1.2 mm. longa, subtuberculata, hilo

prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Celebes (Kjellberg 16494,

Todjamboe, 1,000 m. alt., typus herb. Stockholm; Kjellberg

2280, Liasa).

Species inquirenda. F. decipientis Reinw. affinis, sed lamina nec

panduriformi nec dentato-lobata, receptaculis differt et ad F. cal-

caratam Corner proximat. F. vrieseana Miq. comparanda.

F. calcarata Corner sp. nov.—King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1,

2 (1888) 107, pl. 139, ut F. pungens Reinw.—Arbor —10 m.

alta, foliis brevipetiolatis spiraliter dispositis. Ramuli, petioli,

costae (subtus), et receptacula pilis brunneis rigidis patentibus

v. curvatis 1-3 mm. longis dense hispidi: laminae pagina supe-

rior pilis appressis albidis, secundum nervos hispida. Ramuli

3-5 mm. crassi. Stipulae -30 « 15 mm., ovato-lanceolatae,

appresse brunneo-pilosae v. subglabrae, persistentes. Lamina

Gardens Bulletin, S.

14~30 x 6.5-18 cm., late elliptica v. obovata, apice breviter

acuminata 12-20 mm. longo, basi brevicordata v. subcuneata,

denticulata, membranacea, utrimque scabrida, sicco brunnea:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-10, marginem versus saepe fur-

catis, intercostis 5—14 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus

3-4, ad 1-1 laminae elongatis, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo

10-30 x 2-4 mm., glandula subnodali nulla. Receptacula

axillaria sessilia binata, stipulis plus minus obtecta, dense

brunneo-setosa, subglabrescentia: bracteis basalibus 3, 4-11 x

3-6 mm., ovato-lanceolatis, appresse pilosis: corpore recepta-

culi 15-22 mm. lato, subconico, bracteis lateralibus paucis

sparsis parvis v. nullis, ostiolo bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis

occluso: setis internis nullis v. paucis minutis: cellulis scleroticis

in strato parietis interno copiosis. Flores masculi ordinibus

duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori breviter pedi-

cellati: perianthio ovarium fusco-rufum usque ad basim styli

tegenti. Flores feminei sessiles v. pedicello rufo —1 mm. longo

praediti: perianthio partem dimidiam v. tertiam ovarii rufo-

brunnei tegenti v. breviori: stylo sparsim piloso. Semina 1 mm.

longa, carinata, aspera, hilo prominenti. Halmaheira, Ternate,

Morotai, in silvis primariis et secundariis frequens.

F, pungente Reinw. confusa, floribus diversis: vero F. decipientis

Reinw. affinis.

Beccari s.n. (Ternate, Acqui Conora, R. Ist. Fir. 9310, det.

F. subcuneata Miq.); Beguin 1161 (Ternate); Idjan 369 (Halma-

heira); Kostermans 1401 (Morotai), 1677 (Morotai, typus herb.

Leiden); Lam 3649 (Morotai); Pleyte 112 (Ternate), 286

(Halmaheira).

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Fulvidulae Corner

F. gilapong Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 426.—F. hypogaea

King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 100, pl. 125.—

F.. gilapong is represented by unidentifiable fragments at Leiden

and Utrecht, but there two sheets of sterile material of the type

(Teysmann, Battang Baroes, ins. Gilapong) at Bogor. These

show that it is identical with F. hypogeaa. King described this

species from two collections, namely Forbes 2505 (Sumatra),

which I take as the lectotype, and Beccari P.B. 2798 (Sarawak),

which is F. uncinata Becc. A third collection is now known,

namely Bangham 983 (Medan-Berastagi road, c. 1,300 m. alt.,

by the entrance to the sulphur-springs).

eS Ss ae? one er

Vol. XVII. (1960).

F. cereicarpa Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —9 m. alta, foliis longipe-

tiolatis spiraliter dispositis, ramis paucis patulis. Ramuli, folia,

et receptacula pilis mollibus fulvidulis appressis v. patentibus

2-3 (—4) mm. longis villoso-tomentosi, lente glabrescentes.

Ramuli 4-9 mm. crassi. Stipulae 17-50 mm. longae, appresse

tomentosae, subpersistentes. Lamina 13-26 *« 6.5—-12.5 cm.

(-40 « 20 cm., folia juvenilia), elliptica ovata v. obovata, apice

- acuminata v. attenuato-acuminata —17 mm. longo, basi anguste

cordata, ciliato-denticulata v. integra, membranacea laevis, sicco

fusco-viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8—12, marginem versus

saepe furcatis et glandula axillari ad furcam praeditis, inter-

costis —12 (—23, foliis juvenilibus), subtus elevatis: costis basa-

libus utrinsecus 2—4, brevibus, glandulis basalibus 2: petiolo

20-90 (—150) mm. longo, saepe glandula subnodali praedito.

Receptacula in cumulis ad basim trunci, ad ramulos efoliatos

—30 & 5 cm., internodis haud elongatis, cauliflora, maturitate

e brunneo rubescentia: pedunculo 5-10 mm. longo: bracteis

_ basalibus 3, 5-12 mm. longis, late lanceolatis: corpore recep-

taculi 20-50 mm. lato (-80 mm. vivo, bracteis exclusis), pyri-

formibus, furfuraceis dein glabris, bracteis lateralibus late

lanceolatis crassis, saepe subverticillatis, numerosis, ostiolum

versus incurvatis, ostiolo depresso bracteis apicalibus ordinibus

4-5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis flexuosis copiosis: cellulis

scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus duobus_instructi:

stamen 1. Flores neutri in rec. fem. ordinibus 2-3 instructi.

Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedicellati: perianthio ovarium

rufum obtectanti, dein fisso bilobato. Flores feminei 3-4 mm.

longi, sessiles v. breviter rubro-pedicellati: perianthio brevi

tubulari v. subcupulari, ad basim stipitis ovarii rubri v. basim

ovarii amplectanti. Semina 1 mm. longa, vix carinata, asperula

v. laevia, hilo parvo haud v. vix prominenti. Cystolitha hypo-

gena. Borneo, in silvis ad 1,600 m. alt., praecipue secundum

flumina rivulosque in locis scopulosis, trunco saepe horizontali.

Species insignis, foliis ut in F. francisici Winkler et F. gilapong

‘Mig. sed receptaculis pluribracteatis ut in F. uncinata Becc. In

Brunei plantas numerosas inspexi.

Kinabalu:-——Clemens 26070, 29585, 32561, 34003; Sing. F.n.

26613. Brunei 5315 (Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge).

Central Borneo:—-Amdjah (Exp. Nieuwenhuis) 402, S. Mend-

Jjaloe.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Geocarpicae Corner

_F. megaleia Corner sp. nov.—Frutex v. arbor parva —7 m. alta,

caulibus subcaespitosis, ramis patulis apicibus pendulis. Folia

Gardens Bulletin, S.

disticha, maxima, pendula. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, et costae

(subtus) pilis fulvis v. ferrugineis rigidis 1-1.5 mm. longis, v.

2-3 mm. longis, patentibus v. appressis villosi. Ramuli 4—7

mm. crassi. Stipulae 30-70 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 40—

100 x 14~-35 cm., elliptica v. oblonga, apice caudato-acuminata

25-40 mm. longo, basi late et inequaliter cordata, uno latere

late auriculata et petiolum obtegens, denticulata, supra scabrida

v. laevis, subcoriacea v. chartacea, sicco brunnea: costis latera-

libus utrinsecus (7—) 9-12, plerumque glandula axillari praeditis,

intercostis 10-20 subtus elevatis: costis basalibus 4 + 6 (—7),

brevibus: petiolo 10-25 x 4-6 mm., glandula subnodali

_ praedito. Receptacula geocarpica ut in F. uncinata Becc. sed

plus minus strigosa, glabrescentia: setis internis nullis. Flores

feminei et cecidiophori perianthio nullo: stylo glabro. Semina

0.7 mm. longa, subcarinata asperula, haud v. vix rugosa, hilo

prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Brunei, North and Central

Borneo, —1,400 m. alt.

Ob folia maxima, in herbario videtur forma juvenilis F. unci-

natae Becc., sed plantas multas in Brunei imspexi, et certe

distinguenda.

Brunei 5301 (Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge); Clemens.

30621 (Kinabalu); Nieuwenhuis 1287 (Central Borneo); Sing.

F.n. 26452 (Kinabalu).

F. uncinata Becc. For. Born. (1902) 527.—F. geocarpa Teysm.

var. uncinata (Becc.) King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2

(1888) 127, pl. 129.—This is a Bornean and Malayan species.

distinct from F. geocarpa (Celebes). In Borneo it is extremely

varibale and needs much field-study. Commonly it grows with

other species of this subseries and much care is needed to trace

the geocarpic fruiting stolons to the right stem: not a few collec-

tions appear to me to have become mixed during or after

collection. Small herbarium-specimens may not be strictly

identifiable.

var. uncinata.—Pili 0.5—1.5 mm. longi, brunnei, appressi v.

plus minus patentes. Lamina 16-35 « 6-10 cm., ad apicem 30-

70 mm. longum attenuato-caudata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus

4-7. Receptacula 15-25 mm. lata (bracteis pilisque exclusis),.

glabra v. sparsim strigosa. Borneo.

var. gracilis Corner v. nov.—Pili ut in v. uncinata. Lamina 9—

24 & 2.5—-5 cm., lanceolato-oblonga, ad apicem 20-35 mm. lon-

gum attenuata; costis lateralibus utrinsecus 4—6. Receptacula.

Vol. XVII. (1960).

12-15 mm. lata, strigoso-villosa, bracteis lateralibus gracilibus

hispidis. Brunei (Brunei 5303, S. Belalong, typus herb. Cam-

bridge; Corner s.n. Kuala Belait, 22.2. 59).

var. parva Corner v. nov.—Pili 1—-1.5 mm. longi. patentes,

albidae, ad nervulos appressi. Lamina 12-20 « 3-6 cm., lanceo-

lato-obovata, apice abrupte caudato-acuminata 15—25 mm. longo:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-11. Receptacula 15—20 mm. lata,

glabra. Brunei (Andulau For. Reserve, Corner s.n. Feb. 1959,

typus herb. Cambridge).

var. pilosior Corner v. nov.—Pili 2—4 mm. longi, brunnei erecti.

Lamina 20-45 xX 7-16 cm., elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte

acuminata —25 mm. longo: costis lateralibus 10-13. Receptacula

20—25 mm. lato, sparsim strigosa glabrescentia. Borneo.

Beccari 2798 (Sarawak, det. F. hypogaea); Clemens (Kina-

balu) 10336, 20708, 26637, 28476, 29092, 29719, 32803,

33968, 34231, 34387, 50030; Hallier 2576 (Lianggagang); Sing.

F.n. 26722, 27813 (Kinabalu); Teysmann 11314 (Landah);

Brunei 5302 (S. Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge).

var. strigosa Corner v. nov.—Corner, J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc.

11 (1933) 17, f. 5-7, ut F. geocarpa Teysm.—Pili 1—2.5 mm.

longi, brunnei, erecti v. appressi. Lamina 10-36 x 4-15 cm.,

-oblongo-elliptica v. elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata

12—24 mm. longo, basi uno latere late auriculata: costis lateralibus

utrinsecus 6-9. Receptacula 12-25 mm. lata, dense strigosa, haud

glabrescentia. Malaya, Lingga, Borneo.

Lingga:—Teysmann 7083. Malaya (Johore usque ad Perak et

‘Trengganu ) :—Sing. F.n. 25946 (typus, herb. Singapore), 26040;

Ridley 11036. Borneo:—Beccari 2901, 2797; W. M. A. Brooke

10249, 10522; Clemens 10489, 21911; Endert 2429, 3486;

Nieuwenhuis 104, 292; Teysmann 7107.

var. truncata Corner v. nov.—Pili 0.5—1 mm. longi, appressi

brunnei. Lamina 16-27 Xx 5.5-—9 cm., oblongo-elliptica v.

-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—20 mm. longo, basi inaequa-

lis et oblique truncata, uno latere cuneata altero subcordata v.

‘subauriculata: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-11. Brunei (Brunei

5329, Ulu Belalong, typus herb. Cambridge).

F. beccarii King, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 1, 2 (1888) 102, pl.

130.

var. beccariii—Lamina 3-6 cm. lata, lanceolata, basi symme-

itrica anguste cuneata. Pili —1 mm. longi.

Gardens Bulletin, S-

var. aSymmetrica Corner v. nov:—Lamina 26-38 x 7.5—11

cm., oblongo-elliptica v. obovata, apice plus minus abrupte

acuminata 25-45 mm. longo, v. attenuata, basi asymmetrica uno

latere anguste cuneata altero latiuscule subcordata: costis latera-

libus utrinsecus 7-9. Receptacula bracteis lateralibus 2-3 mm.

longis parvis praedita. Semina 0.6—0.7 mm. longa. Sarawak

(Corner s.n., Kuching, Bt. Kuap, Jan. 1959, typus herb. Cam-

bridge).

var. latifolia Corner v. nov.—Lamina 5—10 cm. lata, elliptica

v. late lanceolata, basi symmetrica late cuneata: costis lateralibus

utrinsecus 9-12. North Borneo (Brunei 5305; Brunei 5322, S.

belalong, typus herb. Cambridge; For. Dept. BNB 1610).

Plantas multas inspexi, a v. beccarii semper foliis latioribus

diversas.

F. geocharis Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, ramis patulis,

foliis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, et receptacula pilis fulvidis

rigidis patentibus 1.5—2.5 mm. longis hispidi: costae subtus pilis

brevioribus sparsim hispidae, nervuli hispiduli: laminae pagina

superior, praeter costas, glabra. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae

15-38 mm. longae, lanceolatae, persistentes. Lamina 15-30

5—9 cm., elliptica v. oblongo-lanceolata, apice abrupte acuminata

20-60 mm. longo, basi subasymmetrica, uno latere anguste

cuneata altero anguste auriculata (auricula 5—7 mm. longa et

lata), subdenticulata v. integra, laevis, nitida, membranacea,

sicco supra griseo-fusca, subtus brunneola: costis lateralibus

utrinsecus 6-8 (—10), intercostis —12, subtus leviter elevatis:

_ costis basalibus 1 (—2) + 4, brevibus: petiolo 4-9 mm. longo,

glandula subnodali praedito. Receptacula geocarpica ad ramulos

efoliatos stipulatos stoloniformes —3 m. longos, 3—4 mm. crassos,.

e basi trunci orientes, maturitate rubro-purpurea: pedunculo

1.5-4 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus haud distinctis: pedicello

nullo: corpore receptaculi 16-20 mm. lato, dense fulvo-hispido

glabrescenti, bracteis lateralibus numerosis lanceolatis —9 mm.

longis, basim et ostiolum versus brevioribus confertis: setis in-

ternis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores masculi ordinibus

duobus instructi: stamen 1. Flores feminei et cecidiophori pedi-

cello 0.5—3 mm. longo praediti: perianthio nullo v. in flor. cecid.

ut linea vix elevata ad apicem stipitis ovarii fusco-rubri, rarius

uno latere spathulato. Semina ut in F. uncinata Becc. Cysto-

litha hypogena. Borneo.

Inter F. beccarii King et F. uncinatam Becc., sed nec huic nec-

illi referenda.

Vol. XVIIT. (1960).

Clemens 21912 (Sarawak, Upper Rejang River, typus herb. Br.

Mus.); Corner s.n. 2.2.59 (Sarawak, Kuching, Bt. Kuap); For.

Dept. B.N.B. 2864 (Bettotan).

F. subterranea Corner sp. nov.—Frutex v. arbor parva —5 m.

alta, ramis patulis, foliis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, stipulae, et

costa (subtus) pilis albidis v. fulvidulis minutis 0.1—0.3 mm.

longis appressis sparsim vestiti: laminae pagina superior glabra

v. nervos secundum puberula. Ramuli 1—2 mm. crassi, graciles.

Stipulae 15-30 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 11-26 x 3-8

cm., anguste elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata 12—25

mm. longo, basi late v. anguste cuneata, symmetrica v. subasym-

metrica, integra, membranacea, supra glabra v. subscabrida,

sicco viridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 11-15, majoribus

apicem laminae versus glandula axillari praeditis, intercostis

strictis 10-20 subtus haud elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus

1, brevibus: petiolo 5-14 mm. longo, glandula subnodali parva

praedito. Receptacula glabra subterranea ad ramulos graciles

stoloniformes efoliatos, albida: pedunculo 1-3 mm. longo;

bracteis basalibus haud distinctis: corpore receptaculi 14 mm.

lato, bracteis lateralibus uncinatis 2-4 mm. longis numerosis:

setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei perian-

thio nullo: ovario stipitato: stylo glabro. Semina 0.6 mm. longa,

subcarinata, vix rugosa. Cystolitha hypogena. Brunei (S. Bela-

long, Brunei 5306; Brunei 5327, typus herb. Cambridge).

F. beccarii King affinis sed receptaculis glabris, intercostis con-

fertis numerosis haud subtus elevatis, lamina supra scabrida differt.

ser. Tuberculifasciculatae subser. Tuberculifasciculatae

F. septica Burm. f. var. cauliflora Corner v. nov.—Summerhayes, J.

Arn. Arb. 22 (1941) 97, sub F. septica.—Receptacula cauliflora

ad ramulos efoliatos -50 cm. longos, 3-5 mm. crassos, ad basim

10 mm. crassos, internodis —4 cm. longis, (stoloniformes ?),

racemoso-glomerata: pedunculo 8-12 mm. longo: bracteis

basalibus 2—2.5 mm. longis: corpore receptaculi 15—20 mm.

lato (20-25 mm., vivo). Timor Laut, Admiralty Isl., Solomon

Isl., Santa Cruz, New Hebrides, Queensland.

Var. septica nunquam cauliflora.

E. S. Brown 5482 (Solomon Isl., San Cristoval, Kira Kira,

typus herb. Br. Mus.); Forbes 3364 (Timor Laut); Kajewski 579

(Santa Cruz Isl., Vanikoro); Mosely s.n. ( Admiralty Isl.) ; Mor-

Tison s.n. (New Hebrides, Eromanga, Polenia Bay); S. T. Blake

15016, 15212, 15282 (Queensland, Cook District).

Gardens Bulletin, S-

var. salicifolia Corner v. nov.—F. laxiramea Elmer, Leafl-

Philip. Bot. 4 (1911) 1257.—F. brunnea Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 18

(1921) 56.—F. linearis Merr. id. 65.—Lamina 5-17.5 « 0.6—

5.5 cm., lanceolata v. lanceolato-elliptica: costis lateralibus utrin-

secus 7-13. Receptacula pedunculata v. sessilia, 10-14 mm. lata..

Philippine Isl., Celebes.

Ahern 3509 (? 3504), 6319; Bur. Sci. 1605 (syntype, F. brun-

nea), 17433 (type, F. linearis), 20900, 24338 (syntype, F. brun-

nea), 24477, 34717, 36575, 43811; Elmer 10786 (type, F.

laxiramea); Merrill Sp. Blancoanae 522; PNH 1577, 6067, 7865,

9986 (typus, v. salicifolia herb. Manila), 10030, 13699, 13670;

Sablaya 6; Univ. Philip. 4066, 4294; Vidal 3797; Kjellberg 1542.

(Celebes, Rante Lemo).

F. fistulosa Reinw. var. lucbanensis (Elmer) Corner comb. nov.—

F. lucbanensis Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1907) 254.—F.

curranii Merr. Philip. J. Sci. 5S (1910) 343.—I can find no satis-

factory specific difference from F. fistulosa yet, if the figs were

ridged, v. lucbanensis could be referred to F. septica. It sug-

gests a hybrid, yet it has not been found in Java or Sumatra

where the two species also overlap.

F. dimorpha King var. scabra Corner v. nov.—Lamina utrinque

scabra. Mentawei Isl.

Iboet 25 (Siberut Isl.), 449 (Sipora Isl., typus herb. Leiden) ;

Sing. F.n. 10497 (Siberut, det. F. polysyce Ridley).

F. tarennifolia Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —13 m. alta, foliis bre-

vipetiolatis plerumque oppositis, aliquando laxe spiraliter dis-

positis v. distichis. Glabra v. petioli, nodi, et costae (subtus)

sparsim appresse albido-pilosi. Ramuli 2—3 mm. crassi. Stipulae

—20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 7-21 2-8 cm., lanceolato-

elliptica v. lanceolato-obovata, ad apicem acutum attenuata,

haud v. vix acuminata, basi cuneata, serrulata v. denticulata,

aliquando integra, membranacea, laevis, sicco brunnea: costis.

lateralibus utrinsecus 5-11 (—12), curvatis, intercostis 1-3 (—5)

laxis, subtus haud v. vix elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1,

brevibus: petiolo 6-20 (—25) mm. longo, glandula subnodali

nulla. Receptacula cauliflora ad ramulos efoliatos e basi trunci,

ut ramulos stoloniformes evolventes dein geocarpica, binata,

maturitate e brunneo rubescentia: pedunculo 5—12 mm. longo:

bracteis basalibus 3, 1-2 mm. longis: pedicello 0-4 mm.: cor-

pore receptaculi 12-15 « 10-13 mm. (18-20 17-19 mm.,

vivo), pyriformi v. subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo

Vol. XVII. (1960).

plano bracteis apicalibus parvis numerosis occluso: setis internis

nullis: cellulis scleroticis nullis v. in rec. cecid. paucis. Flores

masculi ordinibus 1—2 instructi: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori

sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: ovarium fusco-rubrum perianthio

obtectum. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perian-

thio brevissimo ut collare circum stipitem ovarii rufo-brunnei:

stylo glabro v. sparsim piloso. Semina 1 mm. longa, subcarinata,

subtuberculata, hilo parvo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena.

North Borneo (Kinabalu), in silvis montanis 1,000—2,500 m. alt.

F, fistulosae Reinw. varietatibus lanceifoliis similis sed recep-

tacula geocarpica rubescentia. Forsan F. arfakensis King affinior.

Clemens 28290, 29415, 30182, 30511, 30745, 30870, 32149,

32468, 33113, 33709, 33831, 34086, 34094, 34457, 40048,

40182; Sing. F.n. 26882, 27510 (typus, herb. Singapore); Kepong

F.n. 80534.

F. ixoroides Corner sp. nov.—Frutex multo-ramosus, ramulis.

ascendentibus, foliis brevipetiolatis decussatis v. spiraliter dis-

positis. Glabra v. ramuli juvenes villosuli. Ramuli 2 mm. crassi,

fusco-brunnei. Stipulae —20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 6-13

xX 1.2-2 cm., lanceolata v. oblongo-lanceolata, attenuato-acu-

minata, basi anguste cuneata, integra, laevis, subcoriacea, sicco

griseo-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 8-12, angulo lato

exeuntibus, subtus leviter elevatis, intercostis nullis: costis basa-

libus utrinsecus 1, brevibus: petiolo 5-15 mm. longo, glandula

subnodali praedito. Receptacula axillaria solitaria: pedunculo

2—4 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, 1 mm. longis: corpore

receptaculi 9-11 mm. lato, subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus

nullis, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus 5 parvis occluso: setis

internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores feminei sessiles v.

pedicellati: perianthio brevissimo circum stipitem ovarii rufo-

brunnei tubulari: stylo glabro. Semina subtuberculata, hilo pro-

minenti. Cystolitha hypogena. Sarawak, North Borneo, riparia.

Forsan species alicujus forma salicifolia riparia reducta, ut F.

fistulosa Reinw. v. F. tarennifolia Corner.

Beccari P.B. 2781 (R. Ist. Fir. 9239, Sarawak, Ramo Sud,

typus herb. Florence); Amdjah 226 (B.N.B., Loembis).

F. pleyteana Corner sp. nov.—Arbor —10 m. alta, foliis lanceolatis

brevipetiolatis distichis. Ramuli, petioli, et costae (subtus) pilis

brunneolis appressis —1 mm. longis vestiti, nervuli pilis breviori-

bus pallidis: laminae pagina superior pilis appressis pallidis

Gardens Bulletin, S.

sparsa. Ramuli 1.5—2 mm. crassi. Stipulae 10-20 mm. longae,

lanceolatae, appresse pilosae, persistentes. Lamina 5-14 1.2

cm., lanceolata, apice subacuminata v. attenuata 10-20 mm.

longo, basi cuneata et leviter inequalis, integra v. minute sub-

denticulata, laevis, membranacea, sicco brunnea: costis laterali-

bus utrinsecus 7—9, obliquis, intercostis 1-5 laxis, subtus vix

elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis basali-

bus nullis: petiolo 3—S mm. longo, glandula subnodali nulla.

Receptacula axillaria solitaria et plerumque geocarpica ad

ramulos stoloniformes efoliatos —90 cm. longos, ad basim 4—7

_ IM. crassos, internodis 20-35 mm. longis, apicibus stipulatos,

e basi trunci orientes, pilis brunneolis appressis vestita: pedun-

culo 2-4 x 1.5 mm.: bracteis basalibus 3, 3-4 mm. longis,

lanceolatis, acutis: corpore receptaculi 10-12 mm. lato, sub-

globoso, quinquecostato, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo plano

bracteis apicalibus 5 umbonatis occluso: setis internis nullis v.

paucis brunneolis: cellulis scleroticis in strato parietis interno

copiosis. Flores feminei sessiles v. breviter pedicellati: perianthio

brevissimo: ovario sessili v. stipitato fusco-rubro: stylo sparsim

piloso. Semina subtuberculata, carinata, hilo vix prominenti.

Cystolitha hypogena. Halmaheira (Pleyte 378, G. Sembilan,

600 m. alt., typus herb. Leiden).

F. ternatanae Mig. affinis et forsan varietas sed foliis angustiori-

bus, stipulis haud caducis, bracteis basalibus longioribus.

Index to CORNER: Taxonomic Notes on

Ficus Linn., Asia and Australasia, V & VI

(a) New taxa and binomials in bold print.

(b) Taxonomic synonyms in italics.

Covelia cuneata Mig. 44 | Irritantes Corner (Subseries) 4, 10

C. guttata Wight 7

Ficus 1, 36 Kalosyce (Mig.) Corner (Section) 21

GENERIC SUBDIVISIONS

Adenosperma Corner (Section) 26

Amphigenae Corner (Series) 26

Apiocarpeae Corner (Series) 22, 23°

Araneosae Corner (Subseries) 4

Auriculisperma Corner (Subsection

Auriculatae Corner (Series) 33

Axillares Corner (Subseries) 40, 54

Balanotae Corner (Subseries) 4, 9

Calopilinae Corner (Subseries) 40,

47 ;

Congestae Corner (Subseries) 40, 51

Cynaroides Corner (Series) 38, 41

Dammaropsis (Warb.) Corner (Sub-

section) 38, 42

Distichae Corner (Series) 5, 18

Distichoideae Corner (Series) 5, 17

Excavatae Corner (Subseries) 4, 16

Ficus (Subgenus) 1, 21, 36

Fuloidulae Corner (Subseries) 41, 56

Geocarpicae Corner (Subseries) 41,

Hispidae Corner (Subseries) 40, 53

Hypogenae Corner (Series) 29

Laciniatae Corner (Subseries) 33, 34

Lepidotae Corner (Series) 39

Longituberculatae Sata (Series) 40,

Macrostyla Corner (Subsection) 39,

Neomorphe King (Section) 32

Pantonianae Corner (Subseries) 4, 8

Plagiostigmaticae Corner (Series) 3,

‘Plagiostigmaticae (Subseries) 3, 5

Pogonotropheae (Mig.) Corner (Sub-

series) 4, 7

Pomiferae Corner (Series) 39

Pomiferae (Subsection) 39, 43

Praestantes Corner (Subseries) 40,

Punctatae Corner (Series) 22, 23

Punctatae (Subseries) 22, 23

Ramentaceae Corner (Series) 4, 8

Ramentaceae (Subseries) 4, 11

Rhizocladus Endl. (Section) 3

Ruginerviae Corner (Subseries) 22

Sinosycidium Corner (Section) 24

Sycocarpus Migq. (Section) 36, 37

Sycocarpus (Subsection) 39,44

‘Theophrastoides Corner (Series) 38

Trichocarpeae Corner (Series) 5, 19

Tuberculifasciculatae Sata (Series)

Tuberculifasciculatae (Subseries) 41

Variegatae Corner (Series) 33, 34

Variegatae (Subseries) 33

Vitienses Corner (Series) 38

SPECIFIC DIVISIONS

Ficus

adenosperma Miq.,

var. adenosperma

f. angustifolia Corner 28

chaetophora (Warb.) Corner

glabra Corner 28

microlepis Corner 28

adhaerens Miq. 12

agapetoides Diels

var. solomonensis Corner 18

amblisyce Corner 8

-apiocarpa Miq. 22

var. villosa Corner 23

appendiculata Merr. 51

araneosa King 4

arisanensis Hayata 6

aurantiacea Griff. 22, 23

var. angustifolia Corner 23

parvifolia Corner 23

auriculata Lour. 33

_austrina Corner 29

awkeotsang Makino 6

baccaureoides Corner 47

‘baeuerleni King

var. vulcaniformis Corner 11

balanota Diels 4

‘beccarii King 59

var. asymmitrica Corner 60

beccarii 59

latifolia Corner 60

binnangensis Merr. 51

Gardens Bulletin, S.

botryocarpa Miq.

var. linearifolia (Elmer) Corner

subalbidoramea (Elmer) Cor-

ner 44

f. scabrida Corner 44

botryoides Lévl. & Vant. 6

brachiata King 50

brunnea Merr. 62

cabur B. Hamm. 6

calcarata Corner 55

callicarpa Miq.

var. angustifolia Corner 23

parvifolia Corner 23

callicarpides Corner 17

calodictya Summerh.

var. gamophylla Corner 18

calopilina Diels 40

casearioides King. 29

var. gamosepala Corner 29

caulothyrsa Laut. & K. Schum. 52 ~

ceanothifolia Corner 9

cereicarpa Corner 41, 57 :

cervina Elmer 44 |

chaetophora Warb. 28

chalmersii King 52

chamaecarpa Ridley 50

cinnabarina S. Moore 10

cinnamomea Corner 21

compressicaulis Bl. 11

congesta Roxb. 40, 51

var. chalmersii (King) Corner 52

menadena (Miq.) Corner 52

cuneata Miq. 44

curranii Merr. 62

cynaroides Corner 38, 41

dammaropsis Diels 39

var. obtusa Corner 42

decipiens Reinw. 40

depressa Benth 28

detonsa Corner 18

devestiens Corner 9

dimorpha King

var. scabra Corner 62

disticha Bl. 5

distichoidea Diels 5

var. megacarpa Corner 17

duclouxii Lévl. & Vant. 6

Vol. XVII. (1960).

erythrosperma Miq. 31

excavata Wall. 4

fasciculata F. v. M. 51

var. opposita Benth. 51

filiformis Bl. 19

fistulosa Reinw.

var. mains Sa (Elmer) Corner

formosa Summerh. 29

- foveolata Wall. 6

var. arisanensis (Hayata) Kudo

henryi King 6

impressa (Champ.) King 6

maliformis King 6

a teecge (Fr. & Sav.) King

oleaeformis King 6

thunbergii (Maxim.) King @

fruticosa Roxb. 18

funiculosa Corner 30

garcieae Elmer 33

gazellae Engl. 26

geocarpa Miq. 41

geocharis Corner 60

gilapong Mig. 56

griffithii Mig. 39

guttata King 8

hederacea Roxb. 18

heterostyla Merr. 53

hispida Linn. f. 39, 40

var. badiostrigosa Corner 53

rubra Corner 54

hylobia Diels 29

hypophaeola Corner 21

ilangoides Elmer 33

impressa Champ. 6

ixoroides Corner 63

kwangtungensis Merr. 6

lachnocarpa Warb. 31

laevis Bl. 4

var. macrocarpa (Miq.) Corner 7

lanata BI.

var. foveolata Corner 16

lancibracteata Corner 42

latimarginata Corner 55

laxiramea Elmer 62

lepicarpa BI.

var. brevibracteata Corner 54

pedunculata Corner 54

suluensis Corner 54

leptocarpa Steud.

var. adhaerens Miq. 12

oligosperma Mig. 12

linearifolia Elmer 44

linearis Merr. 62

longibracteata Corner 46

var. lebetoides Corner 47

lucbanensis Elmer 62

luducca Roxb. 7

macrocarpa Wight 7

macrostyla Corner 39, 43

megaleia Corner 57

‘meiocarpa Diels 18

menadena Miq. 52

mindorensis Merr. 44

mollior F. v. M. 26

var. pseudocovellia Corner 27

sessilis Corner 27

f. riparia Corner 27

nasuta Summerh.

var. glabrata Corner 19

nipponica Fr. & Sar. 7

obtusa Hassk. 19

var. gedehensis Koord. & Val. 19

genuina Koord. & Val. 19

piperifolia (Miq.) Koord. &

Val. 19

odoardi King 4

var. glabrata Corner 10

oligodon Mig. 39, 43

oligosperma Miq. 12

oxymitroides Corner 10

oxyphylla Miq. 7

pachyrrhachis Laut. & K. Schum.

var. porrecta Corner 47

pantoniana King 4

var. colobocarpa Diels 8

rhytidophloea Corner 8

papuana Corner 49

parvibracteata Corner 45

pendens Corner 15

var. appressa Corner 16

pendens 16

phaeobullata Corner 20

phatnophylla Diels

var. glochidioides Corner 17

meiocarpa (Diels) Merr. 18

piperifolia Mig. 19

var. borneensis Miq. 19

pleyteana Corner 63

pomifera Wall. 43

praestans Corner 40, 45

profusa Corner 48

pumila Linn. 3, 4

pubigera Wall.

var. amserina Corner 5

awkeotsang (Makino) Cor-

ner 6

maliformis (King) Corner 6

pycnoneura Laut. & K. Schum. 31

ramentacea Roxb. 11

recurva Bl.

var. bridelioides Corner 14

elegantior Corner 14

lasiocarpa Corner 14

pedicellata Corner 15

repandifolia Elmer 40, 41

rhopalosycia Diels 24

ribes Reinw. 40

var. cuneata (Mig.) Corner 44

f. stenophylla Corner 44

serraria (Miq.) Corner 44

robusta Corner 34

rubrocarpa Elmer 12

ruginervia Corner 22, 24

saccata Corner 26

sagittata Vahl. 11

var. adhaerens (Mig.) Corner 12

minor Corner 12

a ane (Mig.) Corner

Gardens Bulletin, S.

sarmentosa B. Ham. 6

var. duclouxii (Lévl.

Corner 6

henryi (King) Corner 6

impressa (Champ.) Corner 6

lacrymans (Lévl.) Corner 6

luducca (Roxb.) Corner 7

f. sessilis Corner 7

nipponica (Fr. & Sar.) Cor-

mer /

thunbergii (Maxim.) Corner

< Vant.)

satterthwaitei Elmer 51

scandens Roxb. 18

schwarzii Koord. 52

scratchleyana King 23

var. aurantiola Corner 23

a Or (Diels) Corner

semilanata Corner 20

semivestita Corner 34

septica Burm. f.

var. cauliflora Corner 61

salicifolia Corner 62

serraria Mig. 44

setistyla Warb. 51

sordidissima Elmer 44

sphaerocarpa Corner 11

spiralis Corner 13

squamosa Roxb. 43

subalbidoramea Elmer 44

subcuneata Miq. 29

sublimata Corner 50

subterranea Corner 61

supperforata Corner 16

steochotricha Diels 29

sycomoroides Miq. 33

tarenuifolia Corner 62

tayabensis Elmer 12

tenella Corner 30

theophrastoides Seem 38

thunbergii Maxim 7

trichocarpa Bl. 5, 19

var. borneensis Corner 19

obtusa (Hassk.) Corner 19

piperifolia (Miq.) Corner 19

——— ee

Vol. XVIII. (1960).

trichocerasa Diels

var. glabristipula Corner 31

trichoneura Diels 29

var. lachnocarpa Diels 30

trichostyla Warb. 51

tsiangii Merr. 24, 25

tunicata Corner 51

turbinata Ridley 28

uncinata Becc. 58

var. gracilis Corner 58

parva Corner 59

pilosior Corner 59

strigosa Corner 59

truncata Corner 59

uncinata 58

uncinulata Corner 15

vagrans Roxb.

var. macrocarpa Miq. 7

variegata BI. 33

var. garciae (Elmer) Corner 33

ilangoides (Elmer) Corner 33

sycomoroides (Miq.) Corner

verticillaris Corner 27

var. robusta Corner 28

villosa Bl. 4

var. appressa Corner 12

subglobosa Corner 13

tonsa Corner 13

vitiensis Seem 38

vrieseana Miq.

var. chamaecarpa (Ridley) Cor-

ner 50

f. obliqua Corner 50

vrieseana

: ae ee Corner

xanthoxyla Summerh. 31

Pogonotrophe borneensis Miq. 19

2B: foveolata Wall. 6

macrocarpa Miq. 7

piperifolia Miq. 19

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(

. GARDENS BULLETIN

i= ae Te. SINGAPORE

Vol. XVIII, Part II 29th April, 1961

CONTENTS

Ee woe es PAGE

‘ACOBS, M.: The Generic Identity of Melia excelsa Jack - - 71

OHNSON, ANNE: The Genus Ceratopteris in Malaya - > 76

To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore

. } Price $1.50 (Malayan)

Published by Authority

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1961 ©

The generic identity for Melia excelsa Jack

By M. JAcoBs

Foundation Flora Malesiana, Leyden

FROM THE FIRST, botanists have not felt quite satisfied with the

taxonomic position of Melia excelsa Jack. De Jussieu excluded

Melia excelsa (without mentioning an author’s name) from Melia,

referring it to Hartighsea (Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 220.

1830). Under this genus it became confused with Dysoxylum excel-

sum Bl.; this species was placed in Hartighsea by De Jussieu, but

was later referred again to Dysoxylum. Miquel placed it, with

doubt, in Dysoxylum (Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4: 21. 1868).

Hiern, in Hooker’s Flora of British India, had it still under Melia,

with its relative M. azadirachta, but King expressed his doubts

soon after (J. As. Soc. Beng. 64, ii: 20. 1895) and his view was

shared by Corner (1939) and by Merrill (1952).

When F. H. Hildebrand, in the course of his identification work

in the Rijksherbarium at Leyden, came across this problem, he

suggested that Melia excelsa might belong to Azadirachta; Melia

and Azadirachta are allied and together form in the Meliaceae-

Melioideae the tribe of the Melieae.

The genus Azadirachta was established by De Jussieu in 1830,

with Melia azadirachta L. as the only species, which he named

Azadirachta indica Juss. A second species, A. integrifoliola, was

described by Merrill in 1909 from the Philippines. Harms, in the

second edition of the Pflanzenfamilien, gave a good description of

both genera, with many details. A few additional remarks on cer-

tain features may be made here.

A character particular to Azadirachta, which was known to

Endert and other foresters, but, as far as I know, not yet men-

tioned in literature, are the glands on the petiole base. In Azadi-

rachta there are two pairs of glands. They are not always all or

fully developed, but if they are, there is one pair of orbicular

glands, and, below, another pair of linear glands (fig. a). The

glands are rather deeply sunk, and in the herbarium it is sometimes

difficult to see them all; they are probably more conspicuous in

fs iy

Gardens Bulletin, S.

coined:

=< a. ee ee ea

=.)

Fig. a, Glands at the petiole base of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs.

b, The same of Melia azedarach L., both x 3 (a from Cuadra

A 904, b from bb 15142).

living material. It is often discernable that they exude a blackish

resinous sap. In Melia the glands are mostly lacking and obscure;

if they are present, then there is only one pair, orbicular in shape

(fig. b).

Another distinguishing character is the appearance of the style.

In Melia it is twice as thick as in Azadirachta, approximately 4

against + mm. In both genera the stigma forms a sort of crown.

In Melia this is as wide as the style and is 4—6-lobed (fig. e). In

Azadirachta it is about twice as wide as the style and 3-lobed,

and the base of the crown is formed by a whitish-coloured ring

(fig. c-d).

In Melia the innovations are densely covered with stellate hairs;

in Azadirachta they are glabrous but the youngest parts are covered

with a sort of resinous wax-like substance, which later breaks up

into small scale-like flakes, persistent for some time, especially to-

wards the base of the petiole.

There might be another difference between the genera, since

most Melias are deciduous, whereas the Azadirachta species are

known to be evergreen, even in the driest regions.

Here follows a summary of the most striking characters to dis-

tinguish the genera from one another.

Leaves 2—3 times pinnate. Innovations stellate-hairy. Base of

the petiole occasionally with one pair of sunken orbicular

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. c, Stigma of Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs. d, The same of A.

indica Juss. e, The same of Melia azedarach L., all « 30 (c from

Agama 9970, d from Demandt 619, e from De Vriese & Teijsmann

Sn.)

glands. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves. Ovary 4—8-

locular, in each locule 2 ovules, serially. Style thick, stigma

4—6-lobed. Drupe with thick bony endocarp, 3-8 locules,

ine Aan Many Pere. = nn. Gaus. kaa S2R4 . GAR. Melia

Leaves simply pinnate. Innovations glabrous. Base of the

petiole mostly with 1 pair of orbicular glands and 1 pair of

elongate glands below these. Inflorescence about as long as

the leaves. Ovary 3-locular, in each locule 2 ovules, collate-

rally. Style slender, stigma on’a whitish ring, 3-lobed. Drupe

with thin endocarp, | locule and 1 seed .... Azadirachta

Melia excelsa Jack, originally described from Penang, Malaya,

has been very inadequately known for a long time, until Corner

revisited the place and located the big old trees from which, to all

probability, Jack had obtained his type material. Verification with

Jack’s type specimen, distributed by Wallich under number 1253 b

(not B) was done at Kew by Airy Shaw, as Merrill reported (1952).

Corner’s excellent description agrees perfectly with the material in

the Rijksherbarium under the name Melia excelsa, from Borneo,

Sumatra, etc., and from the Philippines under the name Azadi-

rachta integrifoliola. Merrill, the author of this species, reduced it

himself in 1952 to Melia excelsa.

From Corner’s description and from our material, the conclu-

sion must be drawn that Melia excelsa Jack actually belongs to

Azadirachta. Since A. integrifoliola has been reduced to A. excelsa,

this is again the second species in this genus.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Key to the Species

Leaflets dentate; base of their basiscopical half very strongly re-

duced and cuneate. Petiole slender and hardly thickened at

the base. Stigma lobes + 4 connate. Fruit + 15 by 7 mm.,

be Pemcarp ue cee... dls 1. A. indica

Leaflets entire; base of their basiscopical half somewhat reduced,

acutish to rounded. Petiole vigorous, thickened at the base.

Stigma lobes + 2 connate. Fruit + 21 by 18 mm., pericarp

giiached to (Gesendacare. ...|........ 0m 2. A. excelsa

Adelbert identified Azadirachta with the older genus Antelaea

Gaertn., Fruct. 1: 277, t. 58 f. 2. 1788. This cannot be correct

as the fruit of Antelaea is described and depicted by Gaertner with

3 locules and 3 seeds, and there seems no reason whatever to re-

ject the ingenious interpretation by Hallier f., who referred Ante-

laea to Melia composita Willd. (Rec. Trav. Bot. Néerl. 15: 33.

1918). According to Hiern (in Hook. f., Fl. Br. Ind. 1: 545. 1875)

the correct name for M. composita Willd. (1799) is M. dubia

Cav. (1789). Gaertner’s fruit could not be found in the Rijksher-

barium carpologica.

AZADIRACHTA

Azadirachta A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 19: 220. 1830;

C. DC., Monogr. Phan. 1: 459. 1878; Harms in E. & P., Pfi.

Fam. ili, 4: 288. 1897; ed. 2, 19b1: 102. 1940.—Antelaea

(non Gaertn.) Adelb., Blumea 6: 315. June 1948; in Backer,

Bekn. Fl. Java (em. ed.) 7A: fam. 148 p. 10. Sept. 1948.

1. Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris

19: 22056, 2 4.5. /1830; C. DG., Le. ...6,f...10;4auee e

f. 160 M-S. 1897; Lc. f. 26 M-S. 1940.—Melia azadirachta

L., Sp. Pl. 385. 1753.—Melia indica (A. Juss.) Brandis, For.

Fil. NW. & C. India 67. 1874.—Antelaea azadirachta (L.)

Adelb., l.c.

Distribution.—Native in Upper Burma (Brandis, Ind. Trees 139.

1906); cultivated throughout India, NW. to the River Sutlej, Cey-

lon, Indo-Chinese peninsula (not in Malaya), E. Java (incl. also

Madura I.) to Sumbawa.

Uses.—This important tree is held sacred by Hindus; the fine

wood is appreciated for the making of idols, for furniture and

construction. The sap is drunk as a medicinal beverage. The oil

extracted from the fruits is used medicinally, for dyeing, and for

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

lighting purposes. The gum comes not far behind Gum Arabic in

value. Bark and leaves are also applied in medicine.

Specimens (only numbered ones, and in the Rijksherbarium).-—-

India: d’Alleizette 1172; ed. Hohenacker 765; Perrottet 90; Wight

407. Burma: Kurz 2041. Siam: Kerr 542; Zimmermann 100.

Indo-China: Pierre 872. Java: Backer 52 and 36337; Blume 94;

Boschbouwproefstation Ja-series 2255; Demandt 619; Hochreuti-

ner Pl. Bogor. Exsicc. 140 and 141; Koorders 4700, 14570,

14836, 14837, 14838, and 14912; Van der Meer & Den Hoed

2053; Pl. Junghuhnianae ined. 223. Bali: Boschbouwproefstation

bb-series 13267. Lombok: Elbert 684. Sumbawa: Zollinger 3378.

2. Azadirachta excelsa (Jack) Jacobs, comb. nov.—Melia

excelsa Jack, Mal. Misc. 1, 1: 12. 1820; Corner, Gard. Bull.

S.S. 10: 263, f. 1—2, 1939; Merr. J. Arn. Arb. 33; 235.

1952.—A. integrifoliola Merr., Philip. J. Sc. 4: Bot. 272.

1909.

Distribution.—Sumatra, Mplayay Borneo, Philippines, Aru Is-

lands, New Guinea.

Uses.—In Malaya as well as in Borneo the timber is valued for

house-building; in Malaya the young shoots are eaten as a

vegetable.

Specimens (only numbered ones, and in the Rijksherbarium).—

Sumatra: Boschbouwproefstation bb-series, 23552, 23666, and

31664. Borneo: Agama 9227 and BNB 9970; Angian BNB

10489; Arumpod A 1715; Asah Anak Unyong BRUN 3123;

Ashton BRUN 889; bb-series 23990, 23991, 24175, 26069,

26631, 26632, 27752, 29263, and 29414; Cenabre FB 29195 (in

A; distributed under Ailanthus philippinensis Merr., a Simaru-

bacea); Cuadra A 904; Harvey A 148. Palawan: Elmer 12638.

Aru Is: bb 25388. New Guinea: Koster BW 4471; Mangold BW

2198; Schram BW 1787; Versteegh BW 701 and BW 3986.

The Genus Ceratopteris In Malaya

By ANNE JOHNSON

Department of Botany,

University of Malaya, Singapore

DEVOL (1957) HAS REPORTED confusion between the two species

Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brong. and Ceratopteris pteridoides

(Hook.) Hieronymus in the identification of Asian material. Pre-

viously it was believed that Ceratopteris pteridoides occurred only

in America, where it is found from 30°N to 27°S in wet tropical

and sub-tropical habitats. DeVol found that plants previously col-

lected from Central China, Tonkin, Annam, Cochin China and

Cambodia are in fact Ceratopteris pteridoides.

Benedict (1909) used annulus characters to distinguish species

of Ceratopteris. Other authors have assumed that Ceratopteris pte-

ridoides could be separated from Ceratopteris thalictroides by its

very poorly developed annulus consisting of a few cells only, with-

out a stomium. While this is true for American plants, DeVol

found that plants of both species collected from Eastern Asia all

had a well-developed annulus. Therefore it seems that this cha-

racter is unreliable, and Ceratopteris pteridoides is better distin-

guished by (i) habit of growth with floating, not emergent sterile

leaves, (ii) sterile leaves deltoid, simple, not repeatedly pinnate,

and (iii) stipe widest at base of lamina and tapering downwards.

Unfortunately these features can be only used for Malayan her-

barium material in those specimens which have sterile leaves, or in

which the whole stipe is in a good state of preservation. Fern col-

lectors, aware of the importance of sporangial characters in other

groups, have tended to collect fertile material only. Other features

were sought to distinguish the wealth of isolated fertile leaves. By

comparison of plants* which definitely fell into the Ceratopteris

pteridoides group sensu DeVol by virtue of their sterile leaf-type

with those which fell into the Ceratopteris thalictroides group, two

distinguishing features were found which can be applied to fertile

leaves or plants which have been collected in isolation.

*In addition to Malaysian material some South American plants were

examined for purposes of comparison.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Key to Malayan species of Ceratopteris

1. Sterile leaves deltoid, usually simple with broad basal lobes.

‘ Stipe broader above than below. Transitional leaves deeply

pinnatifid. Fertile leaves very finely dissected, ultimate seg-

ments webbed at their base, margin revolute only part-way

RE CRs Sy eee eee re eee te C. pteridoides.

1. Sterile leaves pinnately divided. Stipe long and slender, usually

broader below. Fertile leaves very finely dissected, ultimate

lobes very slender and not webbed at their base, margin

revolute whole way to vein, all the lower surface being

apne. “SES dD ed eek C. thalictroides.

Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieronymus, Bot. Jahrb. 34:

561. 1905.

Sterile fronds simple, often divided into two or three lobes.

Stipe 1.5-5.5 cm. long, broadened above. Lamina broadly deltoid,

2.0-3.0 by 2.5—4.0 cm. Transitional fronds pinnatifid, with about

five pinnae. Pinnae subdivided into broad ultimate lobes, 0.2—0.6 by

1—O-—2.0 cm. Ultimate lobes usually webbed at base. Fertile fronds

three to four times subdivided. Adventitious buds often present.

Stipe very long, 9.0—25 cm. Seven to ten pinnae. Lamina oblong to

long deltoid, about 15.0 by 18.0 cm. Ultimate lobes wide, about

1.6 by 0.4 cm. distinctly webbed at the base. Margin revolute only

part way to vein, leaving a central uncovered portion. Sporangia

in one row. Annulus distinct, many celled. Spores 32, hyaline coat

with distinctive ridged pattern.

Penang: Prai, a weed of rice-land (Md. Nur Nos. 6230 and

6240).

Singapore: Seletar (Ridley); Ang Mo Kio (Ridley).

Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brogn., Bull. Sci. Soc. Philom.

1821: 186.

Sterile fronds pinnatifid two to three times divided. Stipes 4.0—

10.0 cm. long, commonly broadest at the base, ultimate segments,

blunt, oblong or trapezoid to triangular about 0.6 by 0.4 cm.

Frond oblong. Transitional fronds variously divided, stipe about

13 cm., usually broader at the base than above, at least part of the

margin revolute but sporangia very few or absent. Pinnae usually

about eight. Fertile fronds variously divided, stipe about 14 cm.

long, often broader at base. Ultimate segments very numerous,

Gardens Bulletin, S.

often flagelliform to about 4 cm. long and 0.2 cm. broad. Margin

revolute, covering 1-2 rows of large yellow sporangia. No web-

bing at base of ultimate lobes. Whole of lower surface covered by

revolute margin. Annulus distinct, many-celled. Spores 32 or 16

with distinctive ridged pattern.

Kedah: Langkawi (C. Curtis).

Kelantan: Gong Kedah (Symington 37948), Kamposa

(Ridley).

Trengganu: Bukit Toh Beng (Md. Haniff 15337).

Province Wellesley: Tanjong Bunga (C. Curtis).

Perak: Sungei Krian Estate (Spare 1783), Thaipeng (Wray

689); no. loc. (Scortechini), Grik (Burkill & Md. Haniff

12550), Bota Kiri, near Ipoh (Md. Shah 255), Parit Bun-

tar, Krian (A.O., Krian).

Selangor: Bukit Bintang (Goodenough).

Malacca: Gambega Batu (Hervey).

Pahang: Telok Sisek, Kuantan (Henderson 22756), Kuala

Brawas (Ridley 1509).

Singapore: Changi (Ridley 4227).

Results on examination of Herbarium material

On examination of the twenty-one sheets of Ceratopteris from

Malaya available in the Singapore Herbarium, it was found that

only four of these were clearly Ceratopteris pteridoides. These

plants had been collected in Penang and Singapore. They

all showed sporangia with a many-celled annulus, but the stomium

was not always very distinct. There were always 32 spores in the

sporangia.

The other sheets mentioned above proved to be Ceratopteris

thalictroides. The sporangia, in all cases, had a distinct many-

celled annulus, the stomium was often distinct, but the number of

spores was either 32 or 16. Specimens with only 16 spores came

from Langkawi, Tanjong Bunga, Ipoh, Krian and Malacca. All

other specimens had sporangia with 32 spores only. As Benedict

(1909) has remarked, an accurate count of the number of spores

is rendered difficult by the fragile nature of the sporangial wall.

In all cases counts were made on previously unruptured sporangia,

by transferring them first to a slide and rupturing under a cover

glass. In some cases all the sporangia of a given frond were found

to be dehisced and a count was not possible. Records of 16 spores

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

in Ceratopteris are by no means unusual, in fact this number was

recorded in Engler and Prantl’s Die Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien.

However Benedict believes that this number is only found in the

species he designates C. deltoidea Benedict, which falls in the C.

pteridoides group sensu DeVol. However the Malayan specimens

did not correspond to his species but were Ceratopteris thalictroi-

des, their sterile leaves being oblong, not deltoid.

Examination of stipes

DeVol indicates that the kind of stipe is an useful feature in dis-

tinguishing C. pteridoides and C. thalictroides. In the former the

stipe was broader above and tapering below, while in C. thalic-

troides the reverse was the case or the stipe was long and slender

not tapering above. Examination of Malayan material indicated

that while this feature was reliable for sterile and most transitional

fronds it was not usable for fertile fronds. Measurements of the

width of the stipe in sterile, transitional and fertile fronds were

made at the base of the fronds and just below the point of emer-

gence of the lowest part of the lamina. Ratios of :—

width of stipe beiow

—_—___—___._________- were calculated.

width of stipe above

In the sterile fronds of C. pteridoides. this ratio was always less

than 1.0, varying from 0.45 to 0.90; while in C. thalictroides it

varied from 1.66 to 2.50; that is the base of the stipe was ap-

proximately twice the width of the top of the stipe. In the transi-

tional fronds of Ceratopteris pteridoides the ratio varied from 0.55

to unity, while in C. thalictroides it varied from 1.00-4.50. In

fertile fronds of C. pteridoides it varied from 0.66 to unity, while in

C. thalictroides it was unity or above to 5.0. Detailed results are

given below with the standard errors of the mean values.

width stipe below

Means of ratios —————_—_

width stipe above

Sterile Transitional Fertile

frond frond frond

C. pteridoides os | oe + O08 | 0.69 + 0.19 | Gee. + 0.05

C. thalictroides ee) ee Oe. ceed 0.43 PEE 0.03

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Within the population of C. pteridoides and C. thalictroides in

Malaya there is a significant different in the form of stipe, but for

transitional fronds and fertile fronds in both species the ratio may

approach unity in individual specimens.

Lengths of stipes

Measurements in cms. were made of the lengths of all complete

stipes available. The results are given below.

Sterile Transitional Fertile

C. pteridoides 7 1.9.2, 0.03 5.7. + 0.3584) 164. 2650

C. thalictroides igh 7.4 + 0.97 | 13.4 + 0.90 | 14.07 +1202

The stipes of the sterile and transitional fronds of C. pteridoides

were significantly shorter than those of C. thalictroides. The lengths

of the stipes of the fertile fronds showed considerable variation

in both species.

Ceratopteris thalictroides on Singapore Island

in 1959 Miss Elizabeth Periathamby* made a survey of the

iuorphology, anatomy and distribution of water-ferns on Singapore

Island. She found Ceratopteris thalictroides only at Yio Chu Kang

and on the Jalan Tebal. She did not find C. pteridoides at any of

the 318 ponds on Singapore Island which she visited.

The Ceratopteris thalictroides was found rooted along the

margin and some distance inwards in Eichornia crassipes ponds

and also in one fish-pond. Sterile fronds were in all cases pinnatifid

with some of the pinnae lobed. The occurrence of buds was noted

in the sinuses of the lobes and at the apices. Sterile fronds growing

in pots of damp earth produced fronds which were not always pin-

natifid, some were irregularly lobed and some linear. Such strange

fronds were never observed under field conditions.

The fertile fronds also produced adventitious buds covered by a

small scale. Sterile fronds were formed on burying these fronds in

soil.

*Contribution to the Morphology, Anatomy and Distribution of the

Water-Ferns in Singapore. Thesis B.sc. (Honours) 1959.

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

All specimens of Ceratopteris collected in recent years in Singa-

pore Island by the author have proved to be C. thalictroides, not

C. pteridoides.

Conclusion

Ceratopteris pteridoides and C. thalictroides both occur in

Malaya but the former has only been found in Penang and Singa-

pore. While it is easiest to distinguish the two species on their

habit and shape of sterile leaves, it is possible to distinguish fertile

leaves by webbing at the base of the ultimate lobes, and by the

degree of revolution of the margin. In Malayan specimens of C.

pteridoides the annulus is distinct and many-celled, but the sto-

mium may be absent. The number of spores was always 32. In C.

thalictroides there was a many-celled annulus often with a distinct

stomium. The number of spores may be 16 or 32.

The width of the stipe above and below was only a reliable

feature for sterile and transitional fronds. The lengths of these

stipes was significantly shorter in C. pteridoides.

References

Benedict, R. C. (1909) ... The genus Ceratopteris: a pre-

liminary revision. Bull. Tor-

rey. Bot. Club 36, 463-476.

DeVol, Charles E. (1957) .. The geographical distribution

of Ceratopteris pteridoides.

American Fern Journal, 47,

67-72.

Acknowledgements

I am indebted to Professor R. E. Holttum who first brought

DeVol’s paper to my attention, and who suggested that Malayan

material should be examined. I also wish to thank the Director of

the Botanic Gardens for the loan of Herbarium material.

i ,

¢ ie bP z ae

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THE

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PL VPVPYUPVOVO LPB VPVOPVPYV\ YD. PVWPYVPV\ PV V\ OP PPUPPPVPVA

CONTENTS

PAGE

CorNER, E. J. H.:Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Soa eee and

Australasia, Addendum - - - - 83

SINcLaR, J.: A New epreies of Goniothalamus from Peat Swamp

Forest in Borneo - - - > - 98

SINCLAR, J.: Florae Malesianae Precursores—XXXI. The Genus

Knema (Myristicaceae) in Malaysia and outside, Malaysia ms 102

OBITUARY: J. A. Le Doux - - - - = - 328

Book REVIEW: = grasses of Burma, Ceylon, India and Pakistan - 330

Price $21 (Malayan)

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1961 RS

—fis = 05

| To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore

QDAAADAADMBAAAADAAAAAVAVBABABA ADAYA AAAAAMAVWAAAUAAUAAAAAMAAM

MANAAAANANAAAAAAAAALRAAAAA

Taxonomic Notes on Ficus Linn.,

Asia and Australasia

Addendum

By E. J. H. CORNER

Botany School, University of Cambridge

Summary

New species and varieties.—

subgen. Urostigma, F. novoguineensis Corner (New Guinea),

F. heteromeka Corner (New Guinea); subgen. Pharmacosycea, F.

edelfeltii King var. bougainvillei Corner (Bougainville Isl.); sub-

gen. Ficus sect. Rhizocladus, F. oxymitroides Corner var. brevipes

Corner (New Guinea); sect. Sycidium, F. gul Laut. et K. Schum.

var. eubracteata Corner, (New Guinea), F. ampelas Burm. f. var.

hispidula Corner (Celebes), F. quercetorum Corner (New Guinea),

F. imbricata Corner var. subcordata Corner (Bougainville Isl.),

F. arawaensis Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. jaheriana Corner

(Borneo); sect. Sycocarpus, F. neobritannica Corner (New Bri-

tain), F. subcongesta Corner (New Britain) and var. symmetrica

Corner (Bougainville Isl.), F. hispidioides S. Moore var. flavescens

Corner and var. succosa Corner (New Guinea, New Britain), F.

macrothyrsa Corner (Bougainville Isl.).

Earlier epithet—F. amplissima J. E. Sm. (F. tsiela Roxb.).

A journey to New Guinea, New Britain, and Bougainville Island,

August to October 1960, enabled me to study the fig-flora of these

countries, which I had hitherto known only from the herbarium.

That I was able to accomplish so much was due to the great help

which I received from the Division of Botany of the Department

of Forest, Territory of New Guinea, in particular to the Chief,

J. R. Womersley, and his assistant, E. Henty, and to the Forest-

Officers E. C. G. Gray and K. J. White. The journey to Bougain-

ville Island was made possible through the hospitality of Mr. F. R.

Gardens Bulletin, S-

McKillop, Arawa Plantation near Kieta, with whom Mr. Womer-

sley and I stayed. I tender my grateful thanks to these persons

and to the Administration of the Territory of New Guinea which

extended much hospitality.

subgen. Urostigma Mig. sect. Leucogyne Corner

F. amplissima J. E. Sm. Rees Cyclop. 14 (1810) n. 68; Miquel,

Hook. Lond. J. Bot. 6 (1847) 580; Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 3

(1867) 287.—F. tsiela Roxb. ex Buch. Ham. Tr. Linn. Soc. 15

(1826) 149; Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 549.—-Smith’s species

was based solely on Tsiela of Rheede (Hort. Mal. III, 85, t. 63)

and is therefore an earlier name than F. tsiela Roxb.

subgen. Urostigma Mig. sect. Conosycea (Migq.) Corner

F. novoguineensis sp. nov.—Arbor magna epiphytica suffocans.

glabra vel ramuli petiolisque primo puberulis dein glabris, recep-

taculis primo dense sericeo-pubescentibus. Ramuli 4-5 mm.

crassi. Stipulae —18 mm. longae. Lamina 10-18.5 x 3.5-7.5

cm., elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi rotundata v. cuneata,

saepe subauriculata, tenue coriacea, levis, sicco brunnea: cos-

tis lateralibus utrinsecus 10—14: intercostis —7, vix elevatis: cos-

tis basalibus utrinsecus 1 (—2), brevibus: petiolo 15-47 mm.

Receptacula axillaria binata, maturitate brunnea v. flavescentia:

pedunculo 7-25 & 2 mm., superne haud v. vix dilatato, piiis

albis v. aureis 0.5—0.7 mm. longis dense pubescenti: bracteis

basalibus 3, 3-6 mm. longis, ovato-acutis, appresse pilosis:

corpore receptaculi 18-20 « 17—18 mm., subellipsoideo, dense

pubescenti dein glabrescenti, ostiolo plano bracteis apicalibus

3 in discum planum 4 mm. latum instructis occluso: setis internis

nullis. Perianthia gamophylla, mascula 2-lobata, feminea 2-3-

lobata. Laminae pagina inferior cuticula plicata, ut in F. annu-

lata Bl., praedita. Territory New Guinea, New Britain, in silvis.

NGF 7863, Morobe District, Wau-Salamana road: NGF 11658

and 12456, Lae Botanic Garden (typus, herb. Lae, eadem arbore

collectae): Clemens 1833, Morobe, trail to Wareo, 500 m. alt.:

Corner s.n., Rabaul, 4 Oct. 1960.

F. chrysolepidis Miq. affinis, sed receptaculis semper minoribus,

pedunculis brevioribus, bracteis basalibus majoribus. Forsan F.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

chrysolepidis varietas, sed arbores numerosas inspexi et semper

distinctas.

subgen. Urostigma (Gasp.) Mig. sect. Malvanthera Corner ser.

Malvanthereae subser. Hesperidiiformes Corner

F. heteromeka sp. nov.—Arbor parva, —6 m. alta. Stipulae, costa

media, et receptacula breviter albidopubescentes, glabrescentes.

Ramuli 8—12 mm. crassi. Stipulae -65 mm. longae. Lamina 14—

30 & 6-11 cm., oblongo-elliptica, acuta, basi cuneata, coriacea,

integra, sicco cervino-brunnea: costis lateralibus primariis utrin-

secus 24—27, angulo lato exorientibus, ut in F. elastica, minute

brunneo-areolatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2, brevibus:

petiolo 70-110 & 5 mm. Receptacula axillaria subsessilia, rub-

ro-aurantiaca et rubromaculata: pedunculo 5—7 mm. longo,

crasse obconico, ad basim 8 mm. lato, superne 12-14 mm. lato

expanso: bracteis basalibus 3, 1 * 5—6 mm., anguste crescenti-

formibus, caducis: corpore receptaculi 48-65 « 30-35 mm.,

oblongo-ellipsoideo, ostiolo haud umbonata sed triradiato-inciso:

pariete crasso sclerotico. Flores ut in F. hesperidiiforme King.

Cystolitha hypergena, stomatibus valde immersis. West New

Guinea (Adjar, Kebar Valley, 1,100 m. alt., in silvis, incol.

Marapa): BW 6881 (typus, herb. Leiden).

F. mafulensis Summerh. affinis sed receptaculo haud umbonata,

costis primariis lateralibus pluribus. ;

subgen. Pharmacosycea Mig. sect. Oreosycea Miq.

ser. Nervosae Corner

F. edelfeltii King var. bougainvillei Corner v. nov. Fig. 1.

—Receptacula pedunculis bracteisque basalibus longioribus, brac-

teis lateralibus 3 saepe praedita: pedunculo 5-28 mm. longo:

bracteis basalibus 3, 5—9 mm. longis, ovato-lanceolatis, acutis:

pedicello 0-5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibus 3 (4), 3-6 mm.

longis, ad medium receptaculum vel apicem versus plus minus

verticillatis, nonnunquam deficientibus. Bougainville Isl., Crown

Prince Mountains et Siwai.

NGF 13559, 13568, 13570 (typus, herb. Lae); J. H. L. Water-

house B313.

Bracteae laterales in Pharmacosycea singulares.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

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Fig. 1. F. edelfeltii var. bougainvillei (NGF 13570), x 2.

subgen. Ficus sect. Rhizocladus Endl. ser. Ramentaceae Corner

subser. Balanotae Corner

F. oxymitroides Corner var. brevipes Corner v. nov. Fig. 2.—

Pedunculo breviore, bracteis apicalibus vix projicientibus differt.

Glabra, ramuli primo pilis pallidis patentibus 1-3 mm. longis

tenue pubescentes. Lamina 4-12 * 1.5-4 cm., ovato-elliptica

v. ovato-lanceolata, apicem versus gradatim acuminata: costis

lateralibus utrinsecus 4—5, intercostis —4 laxis: costis basalibus

4-4 laminae: petiolo 4-10 mm. longo. Receptacula 6-10 mm.

lata, subellipsoidea, ostiolo plano 2 mm. lato, haud immerso,

subannulato, bracteis apicalibus ad 0.5 mm. projicientibus:

pedunculo 0.5—2 mm. longo: bracteis basalibus 1.5—2 mm.

longis, ovatis, obtusis, appresse puberulis caducis; pedicello 1.5—

4 mm. longo: setis internis paucis v. nullis: cellulis scleroticis

in pariete interno. New Guinea, in silvis montanis, 300—1,600

m. alt.

F. pantonianam King v. colobocarpam Corner revocans sed

ostiolo plano et haud rubigino-furfuracea.

NGF 12935 (typus, herb. Lae), Woirrapi, Papua, leg. E. J. H.

Corner et E. C. G. Grey, 1,600 m. alt., 24 Aug. 1960; BW 6126,

Vogelkop Peninsula, Tehach, south of Lake Ajamaroe, on lime-

stone rocks, 275 m. alt.

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 2. F. oxymitroides (NGF 11418) and var. brevipes (lower left, NGF

: 12935). Leaf x 4, figs x 1.

sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Sycidium ser. Phaeopilosae Corner

F. gul Laut. et K. Schum. var. eubracteata Corner v. nov. Fig. 3.

—Receptacula axillaria, plerumque solitaria, bracteis lateralibus

lanceolatis conspicuis, pilis albidis 0.5—-1 mm. longis dense vil-

losa, purpurascentia: pedicello 6-14 mm. longo, bracteis late-

ralibus 7-10 mm. longis, appresse puberulis: corpore recepta-

culi 10-13 mm. lato (-25 mm. vivo), subpyriformi, bracteis

lateralibus lanceolatis 4-8 mm. longis, bracteis apicalibus 2—4

mm. longis projicientibus: setis internis paucis: cellulis sclero-

ticis in pariete nullis. Novellae pilis 1-3 mm. longis dense brun-

neo-tomentosae. Lamina -30 x 15 cm., elliptica v. ovata,

acuminata, basi subcordata, denticulata, supra subscabrida, sub-

tus villosa: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, basalibus 2,

4-3 laminae elongatis: petiolo 20-70 mm. Terr. New Guinea.

Morobe District, pr. Wau, 900 m. alt. pr. rivulo.

Ut v. solomonensis Corner sed bracteis lateralibus evolutioribus.

ad F. complexam Corner approximans.

NGF 12482 (typus, herb. Lae), 12483, leg J. A. R. Anderson

et E. J. H. Corner, Sept. 11, 1960.

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Vol. XVII. (1961).

sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Sycidium ser. Scabrae Miq.

F. ampelas Burm. f. var. hispidula Corner var. nov.—Lamina pilis

erectis minutis albidis supra scabrido-hispidula, subtus veluti-

nata. Receptacula minute et dense hispido-puberula. Celebes

(Pangkadjena), Teysmann 11905 et 12242 (typus herb. Bogor.):

ad lapides.

Receptacula, flores feminei, et semina ut in v. ampelas, lamina

scabrido-hispidula F. tinctoriam Forst. f. ssp. swinhoei (King)

Corner revocans.

F. quercetorum Corner sp. nov.—F. tonsa Miq. v. aspera Corner.

Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1960) 463.—Species ipsa variabilis mon-

ticola suffruticosa v. subarborea, villosa v. scabrido-puberula.

Lamina scaberrima inequilateralis. Receptacula 8-13 mm. lata:

pedunculo 1.5-5 mm. longo: bracteis lateralibus nullis: setis

internis —1 mm. longis, copiosis: cellulis scleroticis in pariete

copiosis. Terr. New Guinea, Papua, in querceto, nothofageto, et

pandaneto, 1,500—2,500 m. alt., late dispersa.

Plantas vivas inspexi speciminaque sicca nova. Forsan F. odo-

ratae Blanco affinis.

NGF 4863 (typus, herb. Lae), 12938 (Woitapi, Papua); R. G.

Robbins 785, 881 (Eastern Highlands).

F. imbricata Corner var. subeordata Corner comb. nov. Fig. 4.—

F.. tonsa Mig. v. subcordata Corner, Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1960)

464.—Study of living trees in Bougainville Island has shown me

that the slender peduncle and pedicel are characteristic of the alli-

ance of F. imbricata and F. arawaensis, rather than of the

westerly F. tonsa. Hence I transfer this variety.

F. arawaensis Corner sp. nov. Fig. 4.—Arbor —12 m. alta, cauli-

flora, latice albo, foliis distichis, ex integra glabra. Ramuli 2—

2.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae 7-12 mm. longae, binatae, lanceolatae,

caducae. Lamina 10-27 « 2.5-8 cm., lanceolato-elliptica, acu-

minata apice 10-20 mm. longo, basi cuneata symmetrica v.

latere acroscopico latior, non auriculata, repando-subdentata v.

integra, membranacea v. subcoriacea, levis, sicco viridibrunnea:

costis lateralibus utrinsecus 11—16, obliquis, vix inarcuatis, sub-

tus elevatis: intercostis 5—11, subtus elevatis: costis basalibus

utrinsecus 1, brevibus, glandulis basalibus nullis v. vix evolutis:

petiolo 7-14 mm. longo. Receptacula e ramulis efoliatis nodu-

losis -20 « 4—5 mm. evoluta, e basi trunci ad ramos: pedun-

culo 4-12 0.7 mm.: bracteis basalibus 3, 0.5 mm. longis,

obtusis, minutis: pedicello 4-16 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi

9-10 mm. lato, subgloboso, bracteis lateralibus deficientibus,

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Fig. 4. F. imbricata (1, Waterhouse 818), var. subcordata (2, NGF 13768),

and F.. arawaensis (3, NGF 13557). Leaves x 3, figs x 1.

apice in statu sicco mamillato, bracteis apicalibus numerosis,

minutis, obtusis: setis internis 0.3 mm. longis, numerosis, albi-

dis: cellulis scleroticis nullis. Tepala 4—6 spathulata rubra libera

albido-hispidula: pedicellis rubescentibus glabris. Flores mas-

culi ordinibus 2—3 ostiolaribus instructi, pedicellati v. juxta os-

tiolum sessiles: stamen 1. Flores cecidiophori sessiles v. pedi-

cellati. Cystolitha amphigena. Bougainville Island (Arawa pr.

Kieta), NGF 13557 (typus, herb. Lae), leg. E. J. H. Corner Oct.

7, 1960. |

F. imbricatae Corner affinis sed cauliflora, lamina non auri-

culata, costis lateralibus pluribus.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

sect. Sycidium Mig. subsect. Palaeomorphe (King) Corner

ser. Fibrosifoliae Corner

F. jaheriana Corner sp. nov.—Species grandifoliosa, glabra. Ramuli

4—5 mm. crassi, pallide ochracei. Stipulae breves, caducae.

Lamina 14-47 8-17 cm., oblonga v. late elliptica, apice —30

mm. longo acuminata, saepe asymmetrica, basi cordata, integra,

coriacea, supra levis, subtus scabrida, sicco supra grisea, subtus

fusco-brunnea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6—10, distantibus,

subtus valde elevatis, glandulis axillaribus deficientibus v. una in

axilla infima: intercostis 1—3, laxis, elevatis: costis basalibus

latere latiore 3—4, altero 2—3, brevibus, glandula axillari una.

Receptacula ramiflora: pedicello 4—7 mm. longo: corpore recep-

taculi S—8 mm. lato, scabridulo, bracteis lateralibus nullis, ostiolo

vix immerso: setis internis et cellulis scleroticis nullis. Flores

masculi et cecidiophori ut in F’. obscura: tepalis glabris, minute

denticulatis. Flores feminei et semina ? Cystolitha hypogena:

fibris sclereidiformibus in mesophyllo copiosis. Borneo (Sungei

Tjehen, Kalimintang), leg. (Jaheri 1288 (typus, herb. Bogor.),

1289.

Species inter F. obscuram Bl. et F. nidotis Corner, sed lamina

magna valdivenosa basi cordata distinctissima. Fici specierum col-

lectoris insignis, Jaheri, in memoriam dedicata.

sect. Sycocarpus Migq. subsect. Sycocarpus

- Ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata subser. Calopilinae Corner

F. neobritannica Corner sp. nov. Fig. 5.—Arbor —10 m. alta,

sparsim ramosa, cauliflora, latice albo copioso, foliis spiraliter

instructis. Ramuli, stipulae, petioli, nervique pilis obscure v.

laete brunneis 1-2 mm. longis hispidi. Ramuli 5—7 mm. crassi

(8—10 mm., vivo), internodis brevibus. Stipulae —35 mm. longae.

ovato-lanceolatae, hispidae, caducae. Lamina 30-40 x 18-28

cm., obovata, apice S—18 mm. longo breviter acuminata, basi

plus minus cordata, denticulata, membranacea, hispida, supra

scabrida, sicco subviridis: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 9-13,

marginem versus furcata, glandula axillari ad furcas: intercostis

6—11, sublaxis, subtus leniter elevatis: costis basalibus utrinsecus

3-5, brevibus: petiolo 25-110 mm. longo, hispido, glandula

viridi subnodali praedita. Ramuli fertiles efoliati, cauliflori, —20

cm. longi, basi 8-12 mm. crassi, sparsim ramosi, internodis

2-8 mm. longis, congesti, apicibus stipulis 6-9 mm. longis

caducis obtectis, hispidi. Receptacula hispido-villosa, maturitate

ochracea: pedunculo 5—7 cm. longo: bracteis basalibus 3, in

collare plus minus instructis, 5-8 mm. longis, subpersistentibus:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

~sS

vaae

—

eetg ts tatat

Potun

nies

23-6 @ 6 f.5e

Ce eta

Fig. 5. F. neobritannica (NGF 13787). Leaf and figs x 4, female flower

and seeds < 8, fig-orifice x 1.

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

receptaculi corpore 17—22 mm. lato (35-45 mm., vivo), sub-

globoso v. sicco breviter ellipsoideo, bracteis lateralibus nullis,

ostiolo inter bracteas apicales numerosas alte immerso, bracteis

apicalibus marginalibus 7-9 gibbosis 3—4 mm. longis: setis

internis paucis, 1 mm. longis, pallide brunneis: cellulis scleroticis

in pariete receptaculi seminiferi 4-5 mm. crasso nullis. Flores

feminei pedicellati: perianthio brevi ad basim ovarii stipitis ut

cingula: ovario rufo-brunneo: stylo sparsim barbato. Semina |

mm. longa, lentiformia, vix carinata, levia v. subasperata, hilo

subprominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain, Keravat, in

vallibus arctis in silvis,s NGF 13787 (typus, herb. Lae).

F. praestantis Corner similis et in silvis congregata, sed recep-

taculis bracteis lateralibus deficientibus. A F. pachyrrachis stipulis

caducis, basi laminae plus minus cordato, costis basalibus brevibus,

bracteis basalibus brevioribus inter alia differt.

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata

subser. Congestae Corner

F. subcongesta Corner sp. nov. Fig. 6.—Arbor —20 m. alta. Folia

subdisticha v. opposita. Ramuli petioli stipulaeque primo dense

appresse fuscobrunneo-hirsuti, pilis 0.5-1 mm. longis: costae

subtus pilis fuscobrunneis sparsis praeditae: lamina supra

sparsim appresse pilosa. Ramuli 2.5—3.5 mm. crassi. Stipulae

12—20 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 8—25 x 3-10 cm., elliptica

v. obovata, apice 7-15 mm. longo acuminata, basi subcordata

v. cuneata, saepe inequilaterali, subdenticulata v. integra, vix

scabrida, subcoriacea: costis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-9 v. 8-11,

ascendentibus, intercostis ~9: costis basalibus utrinsecus 2-3,

brevibus: petiolo 10-30 mm. longo, glandula subnodali saepe

praedito. Receptacula ramiflora et cauliflora, ad ramulos

efoliatos, seminiferos —26 cm. longos sine internodis, cecidi-

ophoros —60 cm. longos internodis S—20 mm. longis, maturitate

carnea v. rufobrunnea: pedunculo 3—20 mm. longo: bracteis

basalibus 1—2 mm. longis, lanceolatis, persistentibus: pedicello

nullo: corpore receptaculi 9-12 mm. lato (seminifero), 12—17

mm. lato (cecidiophoro), subgloboso, apicem versus 5-gibboso,

ostiolo vix depresso: setis internis paucis v. nullis: cellulis

scleroticis paucis v. nullis. Perianthium cecidiophorum ovarium

rufo-brunneum obtegens v. incisum; femineum ovarium rufo-

brunneum obtegens. Stilus femineus glaber v. sparsim et bre-

vissime puberulus. Semina 0.8—0.9 mm. longa, asperata, vix

carinata, hilo prominenti. Cystolitha hypogena. New Britain,

in silvis.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

™~

KEMARD

NG + VAN

ates amare QT K

slamoy ‘| X say ‘fF X saavo, (1LStl AON ‘Z) DSAKYION

pue “(p0S9 AON ‘Stomoy seuss ‘EgLEl ADN ‘1) Pesaduoogns “4 °9 ‘SI

IoUul *

Vol. XVII. (1961).

F. congestae Roxb. in herbario persimilis, sed in statu vivo re-

ceptaculis 5-gibbosis, ostiolo haud depresso, minoribus facile dis-

tinguenda. Arbores numerosas inspexi.

NGF 13547 (typus, herb. Lae), 13783, Keravat; NGF 6504,

West Nakanai, Galilo village pr. Cape Hoskins.

var. symmetrica Corner v. nov.—Lamina ad basim angustato-

cordata symmetrica, arborum juvenilium valde ovato-cordata.

Ramuli fertiles stoloniformes a basi trunci ad 3 m. longi orientes,

internodis 3—7 cm. longis, 3—4 mm. crassis, plus minus geocarpici:

bracteis basalibus 2-3 mm. longis: pedicello in aetate viva 3-7

mm. longo. Bougainville Isl., Crown Prince Mountains, 700-1200

m. alt.; NGF 13735 (typus, herb. Lae), 13737.

Small tree —8 m. high: latex white. Leaves spirally arranged to

opposite. Twigs, stipules, petioles, and underside of the main veins

rather closely appressedly hairy with dark brown hairs 1—-1.5 mm.

long, the underside of the smaller veins thinly villous with paler

spreading hairs —O.5 mm. long: upperside of the lamina thinly

white hairy. Twigs 2.5-3 mm. thick. Stipules —15 mm. long.

Lamina 12-20 « 5-7 cm.., elliptic to elliptic-obovate, acuminate

with the tip —17 mm. long, base narrowed cordate and sym-

metrical, membranous, minutely denticulate, slightly scabrid on

both sides, subvillous beneath, drying grey-brown: saplings with

ovate-elliptic lamina —26 x 11 cm., base broadly and symmetri-

cally cordate: lateral nerves 6-8 pairs: intercostals 3—6, rather

lax, raised below: basal nerves 3 pairs, short: petiole 15-25 mm.

long, not elongate in saplings, with a subnodal gland. Figs on

stolons —3 m. long from the base of the trunk, superficial and

geocarpic, the internodes 3—7 cm. * 3—4 mm., glabrescent, the

figs ripening yellowish pink: peduncle 5-15 mm. long: basal bracts

2—3 mm. long, persistent: pedicel 3-7 mm. long (living): body

20-25 mm. wide (living), subglobose, shortly brown hairy,

glabrescent, with 5—6 humps round the slightly sunken apical

rosette 4-5 mm. wide: internal bristles none: sclerotic cells very

few in small clusters round the vascular bundles in the inner wall

of the fig. Gall-flowers with the perianth covering the red-brown

ovary. Lamina with cystoliths only on the lower side.

In leaf, hairiness, persistent basal bracts, and paucity of sclerotic

cells in the fig-wall, this agrees with F. subcongesta, but the

strongly stoloniferous fruiting twigs and the pedicellate fig-body

agree with F. macrothyrsa. It was a fairly frequent species in the

forest of the Crown Prince Mountains. Further collections may

prove its specific rank.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tubercu'ifasciculatae Sata

subser. Hispidae Corner

F. hispidioides S. Moore, J. Bot. 61 (1923) Suppl. 51.

var. hispidioides—Because of inadequate herbarium-material..

I confused this species with F. hispida. Having recently been able

to study many trees in New Guinea, I am convinced that it must be

distinguished by the lack of lateral bracts on the figs which are

borne on short, branched leafless twigs from the trunk and main

branches, and by the more obovate leaf. In F. hispida the figs are

axillary and then developed in hanging racemes, or they are pro-

duced from stolons at the base of the trunk. True F. hispida has

rarely been collected in New Guinea (Carr 11128, Papua), though

there are several collections from Queensland. The figs on different

trees of F. hispidioides show such differences that I distinguish

three varieties. The type of F. hispidioides in the British Museum.

has the small, rounded or somewhat depressed fig, and I associate

with it the trees which I found with figs that turned pink to red-

brown on ripening, though there is no note of the colour of the

fig in the type.

Coll. Forbes s.n. Kerepunu, Papua (type); Corner s.n. Blamey’s.

Retreat, Rouna, Papua, Oct. 1960.

var. flavescens Corner v. nov.—Receptacula maturitate flava,

pyriformia, 18—22 m. lata (25~35 mm., vivo): pedunculo —30 mm.

longo. Papua, New Britain, in silvis, saepe riparia, et in vallibus

arctis sub Eucalypto.

Carr 11316, 11489 (Kanosia); Corner s.n. Brown River, et s.n.

Blamey’s Retreat, Rouna Valley; NGF 12591, Rouna Valley

(typus, herb. Lae), 13778 (Keravat, New Britain).

var. succosa Corner v. nov.—Receptacula maturitate flava,

depresso-globosa 25—35 mm. lata (5—7 cm., vivo): bracteis basali-

bus 3-4 & 2.5—3.5 mm. Ramuli, petioli, costae subtus plus minus

albido-villosi. Terr. New Guinea, Papua, New Britain, in silvis,

saepe riparia.

Brass 28080 (Sudest Isl., Rambuso, det. F. calopilina); Corner

s.n. Lae, et s.n. Bulolo, 1960; Hoogland 3372 (Popondetta, det.

F. calopilina); NGF 5700 (typus, herb. Lae), pr. Lae: NGF 13552

(Rabaul).

This variety has been much confused by myself and others with

F. calopilina, which is a mountain species with brown setose-hairy

figs.

96:

Vol. XVII. (1961).

subsect. Sycocarpus ser. Tuberculifasciculatae Sata

subser. Tuberculifasciculatae

F. macrothyrsa Corner sp nov.— Arbor —15 m. alta, cauliflora,

latice albo. Folia disticha v. apud ramulos opposita inequalia.

Ramuli petioli pilis albidis v. brunneolis —-1 mm. longis sparsim

appresse hirsuti, costae subtus sparsius. Ramuli 3—4 mm. crassi.

Stipulae —25 mm. longae, caducae. Lamina 12-20 x 5-10

cm., elliptica, subasymmetrica, apice -12 mm. longo acuminata,

basi plus minus asymmetrica, uno latere rotundata, altero

cuneata, binarum minor symmetrica et subcordata, integra,

tenuiter coriacea, levis, sicco pallide brunneo: costis lateralibus

utrinsecus 6—8 inarcuatis, intercostis 2—4 laxis: costis basalibus

utrinsecus 1—2 brevibus: petiolo 10-30 mm. longo, glandula

subnodali saepe praedito. Receptacula e ramulis elongatis

efoliatis glabris —2 m. longis, basi 10-15 mm. crassis, internodis

10-40 mm. longis, producta, a parte basali trunci pendentibus,

inferioribus ad terram crescentibus haud geocarpicis, ramulis

longis paucis, ramulis brevibus —4 cm, longis receptacula con-

gesta gerentibus numerosis, ipsa maturitate brunnea: pedunculo

5—20 mm. long: bracteis basalibus 3, 1.5—3 mm. longis, lanceo-

latis, caducis: pedicello 1-5 mm. longo: corpore receptaculi 14—

17 mm. lato, depresso-globoso, subtruncata, e basi ad bracteas

apicales 5-6 subgibbosas leniter costato, ostiolo haud depresso:

setis internis brevibus, albidis, sparsis: cellulis scleroticis in

pariete receptaculi cecidiophori copiosis. Perianthium cecidi-

ophorum ovarium rufobrunneum obtegens. Flores feminei ?

Cystolitha hypogena. Bougainville Island (Crown Prince Mts.),

in silvis prope rivulos 500 m. alt., NGF 13571 (typus, herb.

Lae).

Inter F. subcongestam Corner et F. arfakensem King sed recep-

taculo pedicellato bracteis basalibus caducis, ramulis stoloniformi-

bus robustis distincta. Ad specimina F.. arfakensis ex insulis Solo-

monensibus approximans sed his modis et laminis receptaculisque

majoribus distincta.

A New Species of Goniothalamus

from Peat Swamp Forest in Borneo

By JAMES SINCLAIR

Mr. J. A. R. ANDERSON of the Forest Department, Kuching,

Sarawak has, on several occasions, sent me duplicates of a Gonio-

thalamus from Borneo which he could not match and which he

wished to include for publication in his paper, “The Flora of the

Peat Swamp Forests of Sarawak and Brunei, including a catalogue

of all recorded species of flowering plants, ferns and fern allies.”

When I visited Sarawak and Brunei last year, July to September

1960, he again reminded me about it and showed me more sheets

of it in the Herbarium at Kuching. It has been found in several loca-

lities in Sarawak and Brunei and is confined mostly to peat swamp

forest or wet forest with a certain amount of peat. Ashton obtained

it from the Shorea albida swamps at Seria and Bukit Puan in

Brunei where there is some sand in the soil as well as peat. I looked

for it in these and other localities in Brunei, but unfortunately did

not find it myself. I am now describing it as a new species and

have named it in honour of J. A. R. Anderson.

Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 1.

Species affinis G. tavoyensi et G. tapi; a priore foliis magis

coriaceis, nervis pluribus, sepalis obtusis, petalis exterioribus longi-

oribus, stipitibus carpellorum longioribus distinguitur; ab altero

ramulis atro-fuscis (non rubro-brunneis nec stramineis), foliis in

sicco pallidioribus, carpellis stipitatis recedit.

Arbor 10-15 m. alta. Cortex atrofuscus, levis, odoratus.

Ramuli atro-fusci vel nigrescentes, striati, glabri. Folia coriacea

vel subcoriacea, elliptico-oblonga vel oblonga, supra _ brun-

neo-viridia in sicco, interdum nitida, subtus pallidiora, apice

rotundata obtuse apiculata, basi acutiuscula, 12—21 cm. longa,

5—8 cm. lata; costa supra insculpta, subtus elevata; nervi 10—

14-jugati, graciles, utrinque elevati, prominuli, nervi secundarii

primariis breviores; reticulationes graciles utrinque visibiles;

petioli 1.5—2 cm. longi. Flores solitarii, axillares vel ex axillis

foliorum delapsorum orti. Pedicelli tenues, 1 cm. longi. Sepala

coriacea, semiorbiculata, reticulata, prope basin cordata, immo

basi connata, 5 mm. longa, 1 cm. lata. Petala flava; exteriora

puberula, 4 cm. longa, medio 1 cm. lata, supra medium longe et

anguste acuminata, basi truncata; interiora in partibus liberis

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 1. Goniothalamus andersonii J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and flowers. B, dissection of flower to show calyx,

outer and inner petals. C, staminode or infertile outer stamen.

D, stamen. E, carpel. F, seed. G, ovary with style and stigma.

All drawings from Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SING

holotype).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

tomentella, intus glabra, mitriformia, apice acuta, 8 mm.—1 cm.

longa, 3—4 mm. lata. Stamina 2 mm. longa, connectivis tomentellis

obtuse apiculatis. Ovaria 2.5-3 mm. longa, anguste cylindrica;

stigma glabra, infundibuliforme. Carpella late elliptica, glabra, 1.5

cm. longa, 1 cm. lata; stipites 1.3-1.5 cm. longi, tenues, 2 mm.

crassi. Semen 1, nitidum badium, 1.2 cm. longum, 8 mm. latum.

Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark very dark brown, smooth, sweet-

scented. Jwigs dark brown or blackish, striate, glabrous.

_ Leaves coriaceous or sub-coriaceous, elliptic-oblong or oblong,

brownish green above when dry, also sometimes glossy, paler

and dull beneath, apex rounded and then bluntly apiculate,

base somewhat acute; midrib sunk and grooved above, raised

beneath; nerves 10—14 pairs, slender, raised on both surfaces,

slightly prominent, secondary nerves present but shorter than the

primary; reticulations fine, but visible on both surfaces; length

12—21 cm.; breadth 5—8 cm.; petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Flowers

solitary, axillary or from the axils of fallen leaves. Pedicels thin,

1 cm. long. Sepals coriaceous, semi-circular, reticulate, cordate

near the base, connate at the very base, 5 mm. long and 1 cm.

broad. Petals bright yellow, the outer puberulous, 4 cm. long, 1

cm. broad at the middle, narrowed and drawn out into a long

acumen above the middle, truncate at the base; the inner tomen-

tulose on the exposed parts, glabrous inside, mitriform, acute at

the apex, 8 mm.—1 cm. long and 3—4 mm. broad. Stamens 2 mm.

long, the connectives obtusely apiculate and tomentulose. Ovaries

2.5—3 mm. long, narrowly cylindrical; stigmas glabrous, funnel-

shaped. Carpels broadly elliptic, glabrous, 1.5 cm. long and 1 cm.

broad; stalks 1.3—1.5 cm. long, slender, 2 mm. thick. Seed 1, shin-

ing, chestnut brown, 1.2 cm. long and 8 mm. broad.

BORNEO Sarawak: 3rd Division:—Sungei Pasir, Kut Siong

P.F., Anderson SAR 125 (SAR); Batang

Igan, Tanjong Kelapu, Sibu, Anderson

SAR 689 (SAR, SING); Naman F.R.,

Sibu, Sanusi b. Tahir SAR 5062 (SAR);

Daro F.R., Surong Irit, Binatang, Sanusi

b. Tahir SAR 5236 (SAR).

BRUNEI: Bukit Puan, Ashton SAR 7864 (SAR,

SING); Seria, Ashton, Smythies & Wood

SAR 5901 (SAR, SING); Badas, Re-

search Plot 9/2, Hassan SAR 2851

(SAR, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Sarawak and Brunei in peat swamp forest.

TYPE MATERIAL: Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAR 5901 (SAR,

SING holotype).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Selukai (Iban); pudin (Milanau); serbah

semangun (Malay).

USES: The bark is used as a repellent against

mosquitoes.

100

Vol. XVII. (1961).

A tree of the peat swamp forest with blackish twigs, rather

coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, finely veined leaves, tomentulose,

slightly apiculate anther connectives and 1-seeded, stalked, elliptic

carpels. Because of the apiculate connectives and the somewhat

similar leaves, it would appear to be related to G. tavoyensis and

tapis and nearest to the former. It differs from it, however, in the

more coriaceous leaves with more veins, the obtuse semi-orbicular

sepals, the longer outer petals and the longer carpel stalks. It differs

from tapis in the blackish twigs, the colour of the leaves on drying,

the less sharply apiculate connectives and in the stalked carpels.

In tapis the young twigs are reddish brown, the older pale grey or

straw-coloured while the leaves dry a dull, dark brown above and

a medium brown beneath and the carpels are sessile. There is also

some superficial resemblance to the Ceylon G. hookeri, a species

with somewhat similar though broader leaves and black twigs, but

that plant would fall in another group because of its convex or

flat-topped anther connectives. Its acute sepals and smaller flowers

would also distinguish it from andersonii.

G. andersonii, apart from its affinities with these three above-

mentioned species, will not readily be mistaken for any of them.

It is more likely to be confused, especially in the herbarium with

sterile material of G. malayanus, a species of similar habitat in

peat swamp forest in Borneo. G. malayanus however, is a shrub

and has narrower, glossy leaves and pale straw-coloured twigs. The

stamen connectives are flat-topped or slightly convex and the car-

pels oblong with 2—5 seeds.

101

Florae Malesianae Precursores—-XXXI

The Genus Knema (Myristicaceae) in

Malaysia and outside Malaysia

By JAMES SINCLAIR

INTRODUCTORY PART

Explanation and Scope of this paper

THIS PAPER deals primarily with the description and distribution

of the Malaysian species of Knema outside the Malay Peninsula.

The Malay Peninsula species have already been revised by me

in Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) but their distribution out-

side Malaya, if any, is now given with a citation of specimens. The

descriptions of those species, occurring in Malaya, are not repeat-

ed, but some extra notes or new facts regarding them have been

added if deemed necessary for a better understanding of the genus.

The extra-Malaysian species had to be examined as well and are

also revised here with full descriptions and notes on distribution.

The actual non-Malaysian species are so few in number (three

species and one variety) that the additional task of including them

in the present account was in no way a burden. Thus my first paper

““A Revision of the Malayan Myristicaceae” in Gardens’ Bulletin,

Singapore 16 (1958) when taken in conjunction with this one, will

form an account of all the known species in the genus Knema.

In August 1960 I visited Sarawak and Brunei to make a special

study of Myristicaceae in the field. The original draft of this paper

had then to be altered to incorporate extra notes on bark and

field characters with the addition of new records, a few new vari-

eties and the change in status of one variety to that of a species.

Conspectus and Number of the Accepted Species after Revision

After revising Knema, I found that there are 37 species, 13

varieties and 1 form altogether, with 34 species, 12 varieties and

1 form in Malaysia. The other 3 species and 1 variety, namely

K. attenuata, erratica, linifolia and cinerea var. andamanica are

Indian, but erratica occurs in China (Yunnan), Burma and Siam

as well. Warburg lists some 39 species and 18 varieties in his mono-

graph, while Merrill adds a further 7 species in his “Enumeration

102

Vol. XVII. (1961).

of the Philippine Flowering Plants”. Some 6 further names were

created by various authors since Warburg, but of these only one

still stands, namely K. membranifolia Hubert Winkler. I have

arranged the species in alphabetical order in the text, each with

a preceding numeral. Each species is given the same corresponding

number in the keys. During my short visits to other herbaria in

1959, I found that this alphabetical arrangement was the easiest

and quickest for adding collectors’ numbers and localities to my

manuscript. The following is the revised list of species and vari-

eties in the genus.

Revised list of species and varieties of Knema

i. K. ashtonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 13. hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.)

2. attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Warb.

3. cinerea (Poir.) Warb. 14. intermedia (Bl.) Warb.

var. cinerea 15. kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, sp.

var. andamanica (Warb.) J. ORs).

Sinclair, comb. noy. ‘16. korthalsii Warb.

var. cordata (J. Sinclair) J. 17. kunstleri (King) Warb.

Sinclair, comb. nov. var. kunstleri _

var. patentinervia (J. Sin- var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair,

clair) J. Sinclair, + var. nov.

comb. nov. 18. latericia Elmer

f. patentinervia var. latericia

f. lotetbedicellata var. albifolia J. Sinclair,

J. Sinclair, f. nov. irecanecteg a lai

bens (J. Sinclair) J var. lunduensis J. Sinclair,

var. ru : : var, ine

Sinclair, stat. nov.

var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sin-

clair, comb. nov.

-19. latifolia Warb.

20. laurina (Bl.) Warb.

21. linifolia (Roxb.) Warb.

4. communis J. Sinclair

; i 22. malayana Warb.

5. conferta (King) Warb. 23. mandaharan (Miq.) Warb.

6. curtisii (King) Warb. . 24. membranifolia H. Winkler

Po irr ey 8 Se 25. muscosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

a a ae 26. oblongifolia (King) Warb.

; : var. oblongifolia

Higa 2 ninety J. Sinclair, var. var. monticola (King) Warb.

var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, 27. pectinata Warb. :

var. nov. 28. percoriacea J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

var. paludosa J. Sinclair, var. | 29. plumulosa J. Sinclair

nov. 30. retusa (King) Warb.

7. elmeri Merr. 31. rigidifolia J. Sinclair

8. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sin- 32. rufa Warb.

clair, comb. nov. 33. scortechinii (King) J. Sinclair

9. furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. 34. stenophylla (Warb.) J. Sinclair

10. galeata J. Sinclair, sp. nov. 35. tomentella (Miq.) Warb.

11. globularia (Lamk) Merr. 36. uliginosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

12. glomerata (Blanco) Merr. 37. woodii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

103

Gardens Bulletin, S.

New Species |

The following 7 are new species described in this paper:—

Knema ashtonii, K. galeata, K. kinabaluensis, K. muscosa, K.

percoriacea, K. uliginosa and K. woodii.

New Varieties

The following 7 are new varieties :—

_K. curtisii var. amoena, var. arenosa, var. linguiformis and var.

paludosa; K. kunstleri var. surigaoensis; K. latericia var. albifolia

and var. lunduensis.

New Forms

K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata is a new form.

New Combinations

The following 5 are new combinations : —

K. cinerea var. andamanica (Warb.), var. cordata (J. Sinclair),

var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) and var. sumatrana (Migq.); K.

erratica (Hk. f. et Th.).

New Status

The following receives new status :—

K. cinerea var. rubens (J. Sinclair), raised from a form to a

variety.

New Synonyms

The following 26 are new synonyms : —

a. Species reduced: —K. acuminata Merr., K. alvarezii Merr.,

K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb., K. cenabre Merr. & Quisumb.,

K. elegans Pierre ex Warb., K. insularis Merr., K. lenta Pierre

ex Warb., K. mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr., K. nitida Mertr.,

K. peltata (Roxb.).Warb., K. pierrei Warb., K. siamensis Warb.,

K. stellata Merr., K. stenocarpa Warb., K. umbellata Warb.,

K. vidalii Warb., K. winkleri Merr.

b. Binomials transferred from a synonym of one species to that

of another species: —M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. formerly a synonym

of K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. becomes a syn. of K. cinerea var.

andamanica (Warb.) Sinclair. K. bicolor Raf., a syn. of K. corti-

cosa Lour. becomes a syn. of K. globularia.

c. Varieties not recognized as distinct and included in their

species : —K. attenuata var. latifrons Warb., K. linifolia var. clarkei

(King) Warb.

d. Varieties transferred to another variety or species: —K. con-

ferta var. tonkinensis Warb. becomes K. laurina (B1.) Warb. K.

104

Vol. XVII. (1961).

glauca var. bancana Warb. becomes K. tometella (Miq.) Warb.

K. glauca var. nicobarica Warb. becomes (1) K. cinerea var. an-

damanica (Warb.) Sinclair and (2) K. laurina (B1.) Warb. K. inter-

media var. minor Miq. becomes K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.)

Sinclair. K. laurina var. minahassae Warb. becomes K. tomentella

(Miq.) Warb.

New Records

The following are new records for the Malay Peninsula and

are not described in my first paper “A Revision of the Malayan

Myristicaceae”:—K. ashtonii and K. curtisii var. paludosa.

K. globularia is now known from (1) Pulau Beras, Atjeh,

Sumatra and also from (2) Pulau Karas in the Riouw Archipelago.

Other Knema species in Borneo, previously known from only one

region, are now known to occur in several of the Bornean terri-

tories, thanks to the work of collectors such as Kostermans,

Anderson, G. H. S. Wood and Ashton. For a complete account

and discussion see under the section Geographical Distribution.

Total Number of New Species

In undertaking the revision of Knema the total number of new

species, including those from the Malay Peninsula, described by me

is 10, representing a percentage of 27 if the total number of species

is reckoned as 37. This does not include the new varieties, nor

K. stenophylla transferred from Gymnacranthera. We can say in

general terms that a quarter of the species are new. It will be seen

from the index that there are some 79 binomials under Knema.

42 of these are either synonyms or names which cannot be used.

The latter figure represents a percentage of 53.

Vernacular Names

The common vernacular names used in Sumatra, Malaya, Java

and Borneo such as chendarah, chendaharan, dara-dara, darahan,

penara, pendarah, pendarahan and penarahan for Knema, are

equally applicable to the other genera of the Myristicaceae and it

is not necessary to repeat them under each species. Vernacular

names are therefore given only when they differ from the above-

mentioned.

Geographical Distribution

Numerical Assessment of the species in the Geographical Divisions

Having now revised material from all areas, I am in a better

position to give a more accurate and complete account of the dis-

tribution of each species and to draw general conclusions than I

105

Gardens Bulletin, S.

was in 1958, when the revision of the Malayan species only was

published. The species composition of each geographical division

is now shown. Endemic species are in bold type.

MALAYSIAN SPECIES

SUMATRA: K. cinerea vars. cordata, patentinervia f. paten-

tinervia, var. rubens and var. sumatrana; K.

conferta; K. curtisii vars. curtisii, arenosa and

paludosa; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K.

hookeriana; K. intermedia; K. latericia var.

latericia; K. latifolia; K. laurina; K. mala-

yana; K. mandaharan; K. scortechinii. Total

13 species including 6 vars. Endemic none.

MALAY PENINSULA: XK. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata, patenti-

nervia f. patentinervia, var. rubens and

sumatrana; K. communis; K. conferta; K.

curtisii vars. curtisii and paludosa; K. furfu-

racea; K. globularia; K. hookeriana; K. inter-

media; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. latericia

var. latericia; K. laurina; K. malayana; K.

mandaharan; K. oblongifolia vars. oblongi-

folia and monticola; K. plumulosa; K. retusa;

K. rigidifolia; K. scortechinii; K. stenophylla.

Total 20 species including 6 vars. Endemic 5

species + 1 var.

JAVA: K. cinerea var. sumatrana; K. intermedia; K.

laurina. Total 3 species including 1 var. En-

demic none.

LESSER SUNDA K. cinerea wars. cinerea and sumatrana. Total

ISLANDS: 1 species + 1 var. Endemic none.

BORNEO: K. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata, patenti-

nervia f. longipedicellata, vars. rubens and

sumatrana; K. communis; K. conferta; K.

curtisii vars. curtisii, amoena, arenosa, lingui-

formis and paludosa; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea;

K. galeata; K. intermedia; K. kinabaluensis;

K. korthalsii; K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; K.

K. latericia vars. latericia, albifolia and lun-

duensis; K. latifolia; K. laurina; K. membrani-

folia; K. muscosa; K. pectinata; K. percoria-

cea; K. rufa; K. uliginosa; K. woodii. Total

22 species including 9 vars, and 1 form.

Endemic 10 species + 4 vars. and 1 form.

PHILIPPINES: K. glomerata; K. korthalsii; K. kunstleri vars.

kunstleri and surigaoensis; K. latericia var.

latericia; K. tomentella. Total 5 species + 1

var. Endemic 1 ‘species and 1 var.

CELEBES: K. cinerea var. cinerea; K. tomentella. Total 2

species. Endemic none.

MOLUCCAS: K. cinerea var. cinerea; K. tomentella. Total 2

species. Endemic none.

New GUINEA: K. tomentella. Total 1 species. Endemic none.

106

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

EXTRA

MALAYSIAN SPECIES

CHINA: K. erratica; K. globularia. Total 2 species. En-

demic none.

FORMOSA: No Knema species has yet been found here.

Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo & Masa-

mune is not K. glomerata (Blanco) Merr. but

Myristica cumingii Warb. One should look

out for K. glomerata.

INDIA: K. attenuata; K. cinerea var. andamanica; K.

erratica; K. linifolia. Total 4 species in-

cluding 1 var. Endemic 1 species.

BURMA: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. erratica; K. glo-

bularia; K. laurina; K. linifolia. Total 5 spe-

cies including 1 var. Endemic none.

ANDAMANS: K. cinerea var. andamanica. Total 1 species.

Endemic none.

NICOBARS: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. laurina. Total 2

species including 1 var. Endemic none.

INDO-CHINA: K. cinerea var. andamanica; K. furfuracea; K.

globularia; K. latericia var. latericia; K. lau-

rina; K. linifolia. Total 6 species including 1

var. Endemic none.

SIAM: K. cinerea vars. andamanica and sumatrana; K.

erratica; K. furfuracea; K. globularia; K.

laurina; K. linifolia; K. malayana. Total 7

species including 2 vars. Endemic none.

From a glance at this enumeration showing the number of

species in each region, it will at once be seen, that the chief centre

of distribution of Knema is in Borneo. The total number of species

is given as 22. There is a second centre of distribution in the Malay

Peninsula with 20 species and 6 varieties, and a third if we like to

call it so in Sumatra where the number of species drops to 13 with

6 varieties. As we proceed eastwards the number of species falls

off to 1 in New Guinea. Borneo also has the highest number of

endemic species, namely 10 and 4 varieties, while there are now

only 5 and 1 in the Malay Peninsula. These endemics, namely

oblongifolia, plumulosa, retusa, stenophylla and rigidifolia are all

‘very distinct plants. In my first publication “A Revision of the

Malayan Myristicaceae”, there were several more so-called “en-

demics”’, but now after examining a great deal of extra material,

the number has dwindled to 5 since many of them have turned up

either in Sumatra or in Borneo. Also recent collections from Borneo

have brought the number down. I have to stress once more the

disadvantage of a local flora as against the superiority of one like

Flora Malesiana embracing a wide area. Therefore, this present

107

Gardens Bulletin, S.

paper should be used as a guide to the distribution of Knema as

the information about it in the first account is now incomplete. It

will also be seen that Sumatra contains no known endemics and

that there are no Knema species there but which do not occur in

the Malay Peninsula. This may not always be the case, but there

is little or no botanical exploration undertaken in Sumatra at pre-

sent.

Distribution in the separate provinces of Malaya and in the

territories of Borneo

(a) Malay Peninsula

In my first paper, in a section on page 210, entitled “Scope for

future work” I stressed that records of species for the individual

states in Malaya were still incomplete and expressed hope that

some more might be obtained. The paper was completed and hand-

ed to the press at the beginning of 1957. Since then, it is gratifying

to announce that the following records have been obtained for the

first time : —

Kelantan, K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. patentinervia; com-

munis; furfuracea; hookeriana and malayana. Trengganu, K. kun-

stleri var. kunstleri. Selangor, K. curtisii var. curtisii. Negri Sem-

bilan, K. kunstleri var. kunstleri; scortechinii and stenophylla.

(b) Brunei

I have found no records of any Myristicaceae from Brunei ever

published, not even in Warburg’s monograph. Neither have I seen

a single Knema in any herbaria collected by any field workers of

the older generation. Obviously this is because this region was not

explored botanically in the past. The only records of Knema are

the ones of present day collectors, now published here. The

majority of the specimens have been collected by P. S. Ashton but

there are also a few others gathered by Anderson, Smythies, Sow,

Whitmore, G. H. S. Wood and by myself when I went to Brunei

and Sarawak in August 1960 to make a special study of Myri-

Sticaceae in the field. The species and varieties now recorded for

Brunei are listed here, but a few more may be expected to turn

up.

K. ashtonii; K. cinerea vars. cordata and sumatrana; K. curtisii

vars.amoena and curtisii; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea; K. galeata; K.

kunstleri var. kunstleri; K. latericia var. latericia; K. latifolia; K-

laurina; K. membranifolia; K. percoriacea and K. rufa.

108

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Most of the records from Sarawak have been supplied by Beccari

and J. A. R. Anderson. New additions are K. latericia var. lun-

duensis by Purseglove and then by myself, K. percoriacea by myself.

cinerea var. cordata and K. woodii by M. Jacobs (Leiden) and

uliginosa by Anderson. K. pectinata was obtained by M. Jacobs

with female flowers. It was originally known from a single gather-

ing by Beccari with male flowers. I also found it in fruit on Matang.

G. H. S. Wood discovered it in North Borneo in fruit. K. rufa was,

found by me in fruit. It was previously obtained by Beccari only’

once when he collected it in flower. Such information as is given

here about distribution and new records in Sarawak may soon be

out of date. It is now possible to reach Gunong Gaharu (where I

- collected recently) and beyond almost to the Indonesian border by

- a new and good road. The total distance inland from Kuching is

about 80 miles. It is sad and ‘regrettable to state that many of the

forests in the immediate neighbourhood of Kuching, the locus

classicus where Beccari obtained many types, have long ago dis-

_ appeared. I cannot but shed a silent tear or curse the woodman

and his master when I think of the future fate of tall stately

denizens of the forest, some of which have taken 200 years or

_ more to reach their present gigantic grandeur of 100 feet or more.

Rarities like K. rufa may be no more and the commonest species

may, even in time, become relics. |

(d) British North Borneo ~ |

Besides pectinata from British North Borneo, Wood and Wyatt-;

Smith collected ashtonii. Onggib obtained galeata. :

(e) East and North East Borneo

In East and North East Borneo most of the new records are

due to Kostermans and Endert. Kostermans obtained K. mem-:

branifolia and woodii, while both of them at one time or another

have collected conferta, galeata and latifolia.

(f) South Borneo and West Borneo

From South and South East Borneo come K. curtisii var.

linguiformis and latericia var. latericia collected by Kostermans

and uliginosa by Buwalda and Hubert Winkler. Little or nothing

has come out of West Borneo since the days of Hallier, Teijsmann

and Main, yet the slashing down of fresh forest continues at an

alarming rate.

109

Gardens Bulletin, S.

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110

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

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111

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Polymorphic and Common Species

The most polymorphic species of all is K. cinerea and its

commonest variety is var. sumatrana. It is a matter of regret that

the name of this plant has had to be changed from the well-known

K. glaucescens var. glaucescens to cinerea var. sumatrana and that

the varieties likewise have to be transferred to K. cinerea (see

note under K. cinerea in the Systematic Part). This species being

polymorphic, has a wide and interesting distribution. It occurs as

var. andamanica in the Andamans, Nicobars, India, Burma, Indo-

China, and northern Siam, but is replaced by var. sumatrana in

southern Siam. The latter extends through the Malay Peninsula

to Borneo, Sumatra, Banka, Java but stops abruptly in Bali. From

Lombok to Timor Laut, it is replaced by the var. cinerea which is

also found in Celebes and the Moluccas. It is interesting to note

that Wallace’s line passes between Bali and Lombok. K. cinerea

var. sumatrana is the most variable of all the varieties and perhaps

I may have lumped too many forms into it such as some with

narrow leaves. Perhaps K. geminata might have been separated

from it as another variety or a form, on account of its smaller

leaves and ridged fruit. I have included it in var. sumatrana as I

have seen some specimens with a few large leaves and a greater

number of small leaves on the same plant. The small leaves are

in the majority, but anyhow the differences are slight. For distribu-

tion of the remaining varieties of cinerea see under that species in

the Systematic Part.

K. laurina is another common species with a wide distribution

extending from Lower Burma to the Nicobars, Indo-China, Siam,

~Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java (except East Java) and Borneo.

There is some variation especially in the amount of tomentum of

the leaves and in the size of the fruits but the forms grade into

each other (see notes under that species).

K. curtisii is polymorphic but apart from var. curfisii, its other

varieties have a rather limited distribution.

K. furfuracea occupies a wide range from Indo-China, to Siam,

Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Riouw Archipelago and Borneo with-

out very much variation.

K. globularia also has a wide distribution, being one of the two

species that extends as far north as China (Yunnan). It is usually

a plant of rocky sea shores or small islands in Malaya and Lower

Siam and is remarkably uniform without variation in spite of its

range. In Indo-China and Yunnan it is found inland and these

plants differ little or not at all from the Malayan, except, however,

112

Vol. XVII. (1961).

for some specimens from the Col des Nuages near Tourane which

have more coriaceous leaves and resemble K. cinerea var.

andamanica.

K. latericia has a somewhat curious distribution. It is not

variable in Malaya where only the typical form exists. In Borneo

there is some variation where two varieties as well as the typical

one are to be found. The typical variety is common in Johore,

Singapore and in Borneo and extends to Palawan in the Philip-

pines. It is also found in Banka but not yet in the mainland of

Sumatra. It has been recorded from Kedah and Perak, both single

records and then jumps north over a huge gap and appears again

at Mt Bana in Indo-China, also known from a single record.

K. glomerata is widely spread throughout the Philippines from

the islands in the extreme north to the Sulu Islands almost off the

shores of British North Borneo. The supposed record from

Formosa named Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo & Masamune

is Myristica cumingii. There is some slight variation in width of

leaves, size and hairiness of the flower. Such variation is reason-

able on account of the range. In Borneo K. glomerata is replaced

by the allied species K. korthalsii which also occurs in the southern

portion of the Philippines in Palawan and Mindanao.

Endemic Species

The rarest of all Knema species was rufa, an endemic Bornean

species, recorded from a single gathering only on Matang in

Sarawak by Beccari, but in August 1960, I found it in two places

in Sarawak and one in Brunei. Perhaps it has been overlooked

and is not quite so rare after all. This is followed by K. muscosa

collected twice by Clemens on Mt Majau, Sarawak in the moss

forest. Also rare is K. pectinata, first obtained from Sarawak by

Beccari and again by M. Jacobs at Mt Penrissen, Wood at Sipitang

in British North Borneo and by myself on Matang in Sarawak.

In the Malay Peninsula, K. retusa is known only from Gunong

Bubu in Perak. It was collected once by King’s collector in May

1885 and not seen again until I collected it in October 1958 from

two areas on the foot hills of G. Bubu. There were several trees

seen. K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia also seems to be somewhat

rare, known only from Perak and Selangor. Its variety monticola,

although endemic on the higher mountains in Malaya is not rare.

K. rigidifolia, also a mountain species, is apparently rare and con-

fined to Fraser’s Hill and the Cameron Highlands in Pahang. The

conclusions are that the majority of the rare species are endemics,

but all endemics are not necessarily rare. Some of the common

113

Gardens Bulletin, S.

endemics may have a very limited local distribution such as K.

kinabaluensis on Mt Kinabalu only, while others have a fairly

wide one such as K. elmeri, membranifolia and plumulosa.

Mountain species

While Knema and most of the Myristicaceae are trees of shady,

lowland forest, there are several mountain species confined to the

mossy forest from 920-1,540 m (3,000—5,000 feet). In Borneo we

have as examples K. kinabaluensis, muscosa and pectinata. In

Malaya the mountain species are K. oblongifolia var. monticola

and K. rigidifolia. The mountain species have thicker leaves with

distinct nerves and reticulations. The leaves of rigidifolia are

extremely like those of kinabaluensis, the latter having slightly

more oblique veins and are always acute at the base. Those of the

former are often slightly thicker and the base sometimes rounded.

In Sumatra, K. mandaharan ascends to 1,800 m, when it has

smaller leaves and more distinct reticulations than in the typical

lowland plants. Here again the leaves of such higher altitude

specimens very closely resemble those of rigidifolia. In Malaya all

records of mandaharan are from lowland forest.

KEYS

Three keys are given here. Key No. 1 is a scientific key showing

the natural affinities of the species based on floral characters,

vegetative characters being added wherever possible. The use of

floral characters follows the same pattern as in the scientific key

for Knema in my first paper with some modifications. The system

is based on whether the stigma is sessile or stalked, few or many-

lobed and the position of the bracteole on the pedicel. A skeleton

key or outline skeleton to the system is given below. No. 2 is a

general purpose key. The first part of it is based on the tomentum

of the lower surface of the leaf and is entirely artificial, the

remainder is also partly artificial with a good deal of stress on

vegetative characters, but flowering and fruiting ones are also used

as far as possible. Both keys No. 1 and 2 cover all the species in

the genus. A third key for Bornean species only, is an abridged

edition of the second. It is hoped that it may be of use to foresters

in Borneo who may be concerned only with the species in their

own area and who will not wish to wade through the longer keys.

There will be less chance of their going astray in a shorter key,

as Knema is a difficult genus with too many species which cannot

in my opinion be covered by a key based on sterile characters

alone.

114

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Skeleton of system on which Key No. 2 is based

a Stigma many-lobed (anthers sessile) Division I

b Bracteole median

c Bark tending to crack (hookeriana, Group

furfuracea, la

latericia,

percoriacea =

(twigs only

flaking),

elmeri and

galeata)

c Bark not tending to crack (pectinata, Group

korthalsii, Ib

glomerata and

- woodii)

b Bracteole at the base of the flower(plumulosa, Group

intermedia, 2

mandaharan, rufa

and uliginosa)

a Stigma few-lobed c Division II

d Style present . Sub-division [

e Bracteole at the base of the flower

f Anthers sessile . (laurina, Group

, oblongifolia, 3a

globularia and

attenuata)

f Anthers stalked (retusa and Group

ashtonii) 3b

e Bracteole median.

(Anthers sessile) (linifolia) Group

(Anthers stalked) (no species) 4

d Style absent (bracteole median) Sub-division II

g Anthers sessile

h Anthers many (curtisii and Group

membranifolia) 5

h Anthers few (latifolia) Group

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

g Anthers stalked

i Anthers few (stenophylla, Group

muscosa, Ta

tomentella,

kinabaluensis,

rigidifolia and

communis)

i Anthers many (conferta, erratica, Group

scortechinii, 7b

kunstleri

malayana and

cinerea

(bracteole at base of flower) (no combination

and no species

as yet known)

Most species fall into Group 7 (stigmas few-lobed, style absent,

anthers stalked). It will be seen that there is no combination next

to linifolia of “style present, bracteole median and anthers stalked”.

It will also be noticed in section (d), “style absent” that the

bracteole is median and there is no sub-division “bracteole at base

of flower’. Again in the first section (a) the anthers are all sessile.

Perhaps if new species are discovered in Borneo they might fall

into such missing sections.

Difficulties in identifying species of Knema from the keys

In the identification of Knema and other Myristicaceae, the

student will meet with four kinds of material—(1) sterile, (2) male

flowers, (3) female flowers and (4) fruit. Sterile material, as already

pointed out, is difficult to name, but much of it can be identified

from Key No. 2. If one has already seen all the 37 species of

Knema and knows what they look like, the task of identification

of sterile material can be satisfactorily accomplished; but to a

systematist who has never seen a Knema in his life (even if he

were an adept in the use of a key), the naming of sterile material

would be a formidable problem. The dioecious condition makes

the identification more difficult so a place has to be found in the

key for both male and female flower characters. In fact as many

contrasting, diagnostic characters as possible have been crammed

into the keys, since there are so many places where the student

may go astray, especially if some of the important stages are miss-

ing in the material used for naming. The student will be glad to

rely on all the available information the key can offer especially

116

Vol. XVII. (1961).

When flowering and fruiting stages are missing. For this reason

the keys have become lengthy and bulky. Their length is also due

to the fact that more words have to be used in describing certain

vegetative structures such as twigs, colour of leaves on drying or

the structure of reticulations in contrast to other structures where

short, concise phrases such as “pedicels 1—2 cm. long, leaves acute

at the apex or leaves obtuse at the apex” can be used. Colour is

best expressed by the use of the words light, medium and dark,

thus :—fruit medium brown and not by fancy or vague terms such

as fruit nut-brown. Extra phrases also have had to be inserted to

cover aberrant specimens or variations of the phenotype. This leads

us on to the mention of a fifth kind of material, one which could be

of great danger to the beginner who may get side-tracked in using

the key. This is material with immature flowers, fruits and leaves.

The following conditions will show wherein the danger lies when

an inexperienced student makes use of such material: —The

flowers will be smaller and the colour of the perianth inside paler.

Anthers may appear sessile when they are really stalked. They

may be erect (no room for them to lie flat in the bud), later hori-

zontal when the perianth expands, and finally decurved. The brac-

teole may be at base of the perianth and only later will move with

the elongation of the pedicel into a + median position, upsetting

ones course in the use of the key (especially in Key No. 1). The

stigma may appear sessile in the young stage and elongate later.

Fruits may be tomentose when young and tomentulose to sub-

glabrous later. Sufficient lengths of twigs should be collected to

show the cracking of the bark,.a character of some significance,

used in the key. Even if the bark does not crack, it is often different

in appearance and colour in the older portions. Apical leaves are

smaller than those lower down on the twig, and may show some

kind of indumentum, absent in old leaves. Some range of measure-

ments should be given in the key to cover all these deviations, e.g.

“leaves 10-20 cm. long, average 14 cm.”. I have had to add other

details to the keys to cover such aberrations and abnormalities,

hereby further but unavoidably increasing their length.

In spite of all these difficulties in identification enumerated,

Knema has, in some respects, advantages over Horsfieldia and

Myristica. The anthers in Knema are well-separated from each

other and can be easily counted, but this cannot be said about

the condition found in the other two genera where the anthers are

adnate to the column and so closely packed that it is difficult to

determine their exact number. Finally the Berlin material of Hors-

fieldia and Myristica from New Guinea was destroyed during the

117

Gardens Bulletin, S.

war. It contained a few types of which there appear to be no dupli-

cates or isotypes in existence. In the case of Knema such a diffi-

culty does not arise and no neotypes have had to be chosen since

there is but a single species K. tomentella in New Guinea and the

type of that species, originally from the Moluccas, is in Utrecht.

It was first collected in New Guinea by Kostermans in 1948. Only

one species from the Philippines, namely K. acuminata was

destroyed at Manila and no duplicates have turned up. This

species, however, seems to be identical with glomerata (see under

that species in the Systematic Part).

The Arrangement of the Species in Groups

The relationship of certain species of Knema to others will be

clearer after one has examined each species in turn. Some dif-

ferences will be apparent early in the course of the study, and

others later. Similarities have also to be carefully sought out and

those who are not good at seeing them may tend to create too

many species. The relation of one species to another depends chief-

ly on its similarities and once this is understood the similar species

can be grouped. I must confess that the construction of the scien-

tific key No. 1 taught me many things about Knema which I had

failed to observe earlier. I was in doubt where to place K. attenuata

and thought that it was near to cinerea or was even a variety of

cinerea. When I made a key the relation was unmistakably with

globularia. In fact it is a larger edition of globularia and I am sur-

prised that I did not see the similarity earlier. Also the key showed

that K. woodii was much closer to glomerata than was at first en-

visaged. It too, became clear that K. mandaharan should be placed

next to intermedia, and ashtonii with retusa. From the scientific

key (see skeleton key) seven groups became apparent. I have not

given these groups any general or special name such as section,

sub-section, series, etc. By comparing the groups with those on

page 261 of my first paper, it will be seen that the arrangement or

relationship of the species within the groups is essentially the same

except that K. retusa has now been removed from its position of

alliance with intermedia, plumulosa and mandaharan and placed

in Group 3a. At that time no flowers of retusa were available to

me so I could only make a guess regarding its group. In the first

paper there are five groups, but two extra ones have been added

for K. linifolia and latifolia, species outside Malaya which were

not studied at that. time.

118

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Anther numbers in Knema

I have had to refer to anther numbers so often, both in identify-

ing species and in constructing the keys, that it would be con-

venient for future use and would save time, if they were all listed

together in one place and on one page. I give these now, also

stating whether the anthers are sessile or stalked.

Sessile anthers

K. attenuata 9-13 (average 13); curtisii and vars 20-25; elmeri

10-12 (average 10); erratica 10-13 (average 13), King says stalked.

Those I saw were probably young. They fit into key best as stalked;

furfuracea 10-13; galeata 18-20; globularia 10-13; glomerata 8-13;

(average 11); hookeriana 15—18-(20); intermedia 12-15 (average

13); korthalsii 13-20 (average 18), nearly sessile; /atericia and vars

9-12, very shortly stalked but fit in key best as sessile; latifolia 3;

laurina 6-11 (average 8); linifolia 13-18; membranifolia 18-23;

mandaharan 13-17; oblongifolia vars oblongifolia and monticola

6-10; pectinata 14, sub-sessile; percoriacea 14-17; plumulosa 13-15;

rufa 12-15, sub-sessile; uliginosa 12, shortly stalked or nearly

sessile; woodii 18-23.

Stalked anthers

K. ashtonii 11-13, shortly stalked; cinerea var. cinerea 11-14

(average 13), var. andamanica 10-13, var. cordata 13, var.

patentinervia 10-13, var. rubens 7-12, var. sumatrana 12-17

(average 14); communis 7-9; conferta 13-18; kinabaluensis 7-10,

very shortly stalked; Kunstleri 9-12; malayana 9-13; muscosa 6-8:

rigidifolia 12-15 (probably stalked, I saw very young flower buds):

retusa 15, shortly stalked; scortechinii 10-14; stenophylla 6-8;

tomentella 6-9.

It will be seen that sessile anthers are in the majority and that

the smallest number is 3 (latifolia) and the largest 25 (curtisii).

A Recent Publication

In 1959 the Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2nd edition, vol. 17a

II appeared with a treatment on Myristicaceae by J. C. Th. Uphof,

pages 177-220. Knema is dealt with briefly on pages 217-220.

The outstanding features and the geographical distribution of the

species mentioned are given.

Scope for future work

Very little is known about the general biology, germination,

growth-rate, pollination, fertilization, leaf anatomy, and chromo-

some numbers. Some of these problems might be tackled with

some profit by honours students in Botany at Universities or by

post-graduates. It would be interesting to know if a comparative

study on leaf anatomy would have any bearing on systematics, and

119

Gardens Bulletin, S.

if sterile material could thus be identified on results obtained. In

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958) 209, I listed certain Malay

Peninsula species, the descriptions of which are not yet quite

complete, mentioning the parts, organs or characters still needed

so that future workers can look for such species and supply

information on what is missing. I have indicated here similar

missing characters for the Bornean species. I have to state with

satisfaction that some of the missing information has now been

obtained for 4 of the Malay Peninsula species mentioned in the

above publication. The following list will show what has been

gained.

K. cinerea var. cordata. Female flowers now seen. Perianth

fragrant, coriaceous, rusty-tomentulose outside, cream inside,

obovoid or turbinate, 5—6 mm. long; ovary chocolate-tomentose,

ovoid, 2.5 mm. long, stigma sessile, bi-lobed and each lobe again

divided into 3-4 lobes; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a median

bracteole. Fruit orange when ripe; seed dark brown.

K. cinerea var. patentinervia. Bark characters now obtained from

a tree at Mawai-Kuala Sedili new road, Johore, Sinclair 10164

(A, B, BM, E, K, L, M, NY, SAN, SING.) Bark rusty-brown,

flaking in thin strips.

K. retusa. Bark, male and female flowers now seen. For descrip-

tion see systematic part. I went specially to the locus classicus at

Gunong Bubu in October 1959 to obtain information on the above

-and was rewarded by finding several trees.

K. scortechinii. Female flowers now seen. Perianth coriaceous,

rusty-tomentulose, oblong-obovoid, 5 mm. long; ovary sub-globose,

rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. in diam.; stigma bi-lobed each lobe again

bifid; pedicels 8 mm.—1.2 cm. long with a median bracteole.

Bornean Species

Parts unknown or wanted Name

K. ashtonii 5 .. Female flowers imperfectly known

(immature ).

K. curtisii var. amoena Female flowers and fruit unknown.

K. curtisii var. arenosa .. Fruit unknown.

K. curtisii var. linguiformis .. Fruit unknown.

K. korthalsii ay .. Bark characters.

K. membranifolia .. .. Female flowers unknown.

K. muscosa $y .. Female flowers and bark characters

unknown.

K. pectinata _ .. Female flowers unknown.

K. rufa pe .. Female flowers unknown.

K. uliginosa be .. Female flowers imperfectly known.

Bark characters unknown.

K. woodii £65 .. Fruit unknown.

120

Vol. XVII. (1961).

From this list it will be seen that female flowers in many cases:

are still wanted. Flowers in Knema and in the other genera too,,.

are small and less conspicuous than fruit and may escape the

notice of collectors. They often drop off or get knocked off from

specimens in the process of drying or changing the paper in the

press, so many duplicates arrive without a single flower. If some

spirit is not handy at the time of collecting, then a few extra

flowers should be picked off the tree and put into a paper packet

to ensure no loss, even though the duplicate receives much

handling.

Acknowledgements

I have to thank all the curators and keepers of herbaria for

sending me specimens on loan or permitting me to work in their

institutions. I have also to thank the late Dr. Chatterjee of the

Calcutta Botanic Garden for allowing me to work there in October

1959 when the Department was closed for two weeks due to the

annual Durga Puja holidays and am very grateful to Dr. S. K.

Mukerjee, the Curator, who gave up part of his holiday to open

the herbarium and be present during the week spent there. Special

thanks is due to Prof. van Steenis for advice and encouragement

and for sending me abstracts from books and other essential

literature not available in Singapore. I am greatly indebted to

Messrs. J. A. R. Anderson and B. E. SmythieS of the Sarawak

Forest Department and to Inche Yakin bin Long of the Brunei

Forest Department for supplying transport and Dyak tree climbers

* during my visit to Borneo. Finally I must thank Mr. H. M. Burkill,

Director, Botanic Gardens Singapore, for granting me time off

from other duties to complete this revision.

KEY No. 1

(Scientific key showing natural affinities and based mostly on

floral structure)

a. Stigma many-lobed, sessile (lobes 8—12). The stigma is really

bi-lobed and each lobe again divided into 4—6 smaller lobes

or serrations. (Anthers sessile, very shortly stalked in

latericia)

b. Bracteole of pedicel + median [AIl generally large-leaved

plants, leaves 30 cm. or more long except latericia, elmeri

and glomerata]. Flowers generally red or dark red inside

c. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack and flake.

(not always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs.

are present; may not always be visible in Jatericia:

121

Gardens Bulletin, S.

because of the thin bark and slender twigs, or in

galeata the twigs of which are not fissured in the

apical parts)

d. Bark tending to crack in the apical as well as

in the older parts. Leaves widest at the middle,

cordate or not at the base. Male flowers not

mitriform in bud. Anthers 9-18, rarely 20

e. Young petioles, tips of twigs, flowers, pedi-

cels and fruit all densely covered with pale

yellowish-brown wool, the hairs up to 5

mm. long. Anthers 15—18—(20 rarely). Male

flowers 1 cm. long, male pedicels 1-2 cm.

long; female flowers 1.7—-2 cm. long (the

largest in the genus); female pedicels 1.5—2

cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid, 4.5-8 cm. long

and 3-4.5 cm. broad; stalk 1 cm. long

(13) K. hookeriana

e. Young petioles, tips of twigs, the flowers,

pedicels and fruit tomentose, not lanose,

the tomentum much shorter. Leaves cordate

or not at the base, Anthers 9-13. Male

flowers, female flowers, pedicels, fruit and

fruit-stalk all smaller

f. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at

the tips of the twigs) 10-50 cm. long

and 3-14 cm. broad, cordate at the

base; nerves 24—35 pairs. Male flowers

pale yellowish-brown outside, 6-7 mm.

long; female same colour, 1 cm. long.

Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long, female

flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels 2

mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown,

sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5-4.5

cm. long and 2—3 cm. broad; stalk 4—5

mm. long (9) K. furfuracea

f. Leaves smaller, 12-32 cm. long and

3—8.5 cm. broad, (sometimes larger in

latericia var. lunduensis) not cordate at

the base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male

flowers reddish-brown or pale brown

outside, 5-6 mm. long; female same

colour, 6-9 mm. long. Male pedicels

3-4 mm. long (5-7 mm. in elmeri),

122

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

female 4 mm. long or flowers sessile.

Fruit reddish-brown tomentose, ob-

ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 1.7—3.5 cm.

long and 1.2—2.5 cm. broad, sessile or

on a very short stalk.

g. Bark of trunk longitudinally striate.

Twigs 4—6 mm. thick at the apex.

Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male

flowers 5—6 mm. in diam., female

8-9 mm. long. Male pedicels 2

mm. thick and female 4 mm. thick.

Tomentum of flowers with hairs

1-2 mm. long. Anthers 14~-17.

Fruit oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long

and 2 cm. broad

3 (28) K. percoriacea

g. Bark of trunk flaking irregularly,

not longitudinally striate. Twigs

2—3 mm. thick at the apex (except

in var. lunduensis). Leaves thinly

coriaceous, slightly smaller (except

in var. lunduensis). Male flowers.

5 mm. in diam., female 6 mm.

long. Male pedicels 1 mm. thick,

female flowers sessile. Tomentum.

. Of flowers 0.5 mm. long or less

(longer in var. /unduensis). Anthers:

9-12. Fruit oblong, obovoid-

ellipsoid or obovoid, 1.7—2.5 cm.

long and 1.2—1.5 cm. broad (larger

in var. lunduensis)

h. Leaves lanceolate to oblanceo-

late, glabrous beneath; nerves:

reddish-brown beneath when

dry. Flowers reddish-brown-

tomentose outside (pale brown

in var. albifolia). Male pedi-

cels 3-4 mm. long. Staminal

disc flat. Fruit obovoid, rusty-

tomentose

(18) K. latericia and its vars:

—v

Gardens Bulletin, S.

h. Leaves oblong or _ oblong-

elliptic, covered with silvery

_or pale brown stellate scales

beneath; nerves not reddish-

brown beneath when dry.

Flowers pale brown-tomentu-

lose outside. Male pedicels

5—7 mm. long. Staminal disc,

convex, umbrella-shaped.

Fruit oblong, shortly toment-

ulose (7) K. elmeri

d. Bark tending to crack in the older portions only,

consisting of a smooth, glabrous, reddish-brown

portion at 3-4 cm. below the furfuraceous apex

and then the older greyish-brown flaking por-

tion. Leaves not widest at the middle, but the

sides nearly parallel, not cordate at the base.

Flowers mitriform in bud (this character not

apparent in very young buds). Anthers 18-20

(10) K. galeata

c. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake

i. Nerves 40—52 pairs, (more numerous than in any

other species of Knema). Sides of leaf nearly

parallel. Flowers tomentulose outside. Fruit

flanged along the line of suture

(27) K. pectinata

I. Nerves 12—40 pairs. Sides of leaf nearly parallel

or not. Flowers tomentulose or tomentose out-

side. Fruit not flanged along the line of suture

(not seen in woodii)

j. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex, black-

ish in patches, greyish lower down. Leaves

often drying dark grey above, their margins

nearly parallel; nerves 23-30 pairs. Flowers

tomentulose outside. Staminal disc flat,

triangular with 18-23 anthers

(37) K. woodii

j. Twigs not angled at the rusty-furfuraceous

apex, grey, straw-coloured or reddish-brown

lower down. Leaves usually drying an olive-

green above, their margins sometimes nearly

parallel, but most often widest at the middle;

124

Vol. XVIH, (1961).

nerves 12—40 pairs. Flowers tomentose out-

side. Staminal disc convex and circular in

outline with 8—18-(20) anthers

k. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic, elliptic-

lanceolate or lanceolate, sometimes

lobed (heterophyllous); nerves 12-20:

pairs, average 16. Twigs 2 mm. thick

at or near the apex. Male flowers 3—4

mm. long and 5 mm. broad in bud,

7-8 mm. across when expanded;

female flowers 5 mm. long. Male

pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers 8-13,

average 11 (12) K. glomerata

k. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous,

oblong or oblong-obovate and narrowed

to the base, not elliptic (the sides some-

times parallel), not heterophyllous;

nerves 20-40 pairs. Twigs slightly

thicker, 3—4 mm. thick at or near the

apex. Male flowers slightly larger, 3—5

mm. long and 6—7 mm. broad, 1 cm.

across when expanded; female flowers

8 mm.—1 cm. long. Male pedicels 8

mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13—18-(20),

average 18 (16) K. korthalsii

b. Bracteole at base of flower [Leaves not so large as in the

preceding group, 11-30 cm. long, except mandaharan.]

[Anthers sessile, shortly stalked or sessile in plumulosa].

Flowers generally cream, pale yellow or pale pink inside

Il. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, 11-30 cm.

long, nerves 12—22 pairs

m. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Staminal disc

convex or mammillate; connectives not pro-

duced beyond the apices of the anthers. Fruit

covered with short tomentum, hairs 0.5—1 mm.

long (except in plumulosa)

n. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and

also the flowers, pedicels and fruit covered

with dark, rusty wool, the hairs 2 mm. long.

Male flowers 6—7 mm. long; female 1 cm.

long, female pedicels 3-4 mm. long and

4-5 mm. thick. Perianth persistent in fruit

(29) K. plumulosa

125

Gardens Bulletin, S.

n. Petioles of young leaves, apices of twigs and

also the flowers, pedicels and fruit covered

with very short, rusty scurf, not lanose.

Male flowers 4-6 mm. long; female 7-8 mm.

long, female pedicels 7-8 mm. long (3-4

mm. in uliginosa). Perianth not persistent in

fruit

o. Twigs mostly reddish-brown, greyish in

the older parts. Reticulations of leaves

close and distinct above (faint or dis-

tinct in mandaharan). Flower buds not

depressed in the centre when dry. Male

pedicels 5 mm —1 cm. long. Fruit

ellipsoid or oblong, 3—4.5 cm. long

and 1.8-3.5 cm. broad, tomentose or

covered with stellate scurf which rubs

off, stalk 5 mm.—1.2 cm. long

p. Leaves coriaceous, 11—22—(30) cm.

long, acute or rounded at the

base; nerves 12-22 pairs. Twigs

2-3 mm. thick at the apex. Male

pedicels 7-8 mm. long. Staminal

disc mammillate. Fruit ellipsoid,

covered with short rusty-stellate

scurf, 3-4 cm. long and 1.8—2.2

cm. broad; stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm.

long and 2—3 mm. thick

(14) K. intermedia

p. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 17-30

cm. long in young apical leaves

or in some specimens from higher

altitudes (normal or mature leaves

30-60 cm. long), rounded at the

base; nerves 22-26 pairs. Twigs

5 mm. thick at the apex. Male

pedicels 4 mm. long (probably

slightly immature). Staminal disc

flat or slightly convex. Fruit ob-

long, larger, 3—4.5 cm. long and

3—3.5 cm. broad, and more den-

sely tomentose with hairs up to 1

mm. long; stalk 5-7 mm. long,

stout, 5 mm. thick

(23) K. mandaharan

126

Vol. XVII. (1961).

o. Twigs reddish-brown at the extreme

apex only, pale greyish lower down in

the younger and older parts. Reticu-

lations of leaves less dense or dis-

tinct above. Flower buds _ often

depressed in the centre when dry. Male

pedicels 5-6 mm. long. Fruit sub-

globose or slightly obovoid, rusty-

tomentose, 1.8 cm. long and 1.5 cm.

broad; stalk 4 mm. long

(36) K. uliginosa

m. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal disc flat —

or concave; connectives produced beyond the

apices of the anthers on dehiscing. Fruit sparsely

covered with : mm. jong, shining, rusty-brown

hairs (31) K. rufa

I, Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 30-60 cm. long (young ones

at the tips of twigs often smaller, 17-30 cm. long);

nerves 22-26 pairs (23) K. mandaharan

a. Stigma few-lobed (lobes 2-6). The stigma is bi-lobed and each

lobe again divided into 2—3 lobes or serrations

q. Style present, length 1.5-2 mm. long

r. Bracteole at the base of the flower. Anthers stalked or

sessile. Male pedicels 3~7 mm. long and 1-1.8 cm.

long in retusa and ashtonii. Fruit-stalk 5 mm.—1 cm.

long except in Jaurina which is sessile or 2-3 mm.

long

s. Anthers sessile. Leaves not covered with cinnamon

or whitish scales beneath

t. Leaves covered with stellate hairs beneath;

veins sunk above, best seen near the base

(20) K. laurina

t. Leaves glabrous beneath; veins raised above

u. Leaves drying green or brown, 15-43

cm. long and 4—16 cm. broad, oblong,

oblanceolate or (narrowly oblong to

lanceolate in oblongifolia var. monti-

cola), base rounded or cordate, acute

or less often rounded in var. monticola;

nerves 18-30 pairs; midrib usually not

92 beg

Gardens Bulletin, S.

striate beneath; reticulations scalari-

form. Twigs angled and furfuraceous

at the apex, smooth and reddish-brown

lower down. Anthers 6—8. Fruit obo-

void, 2—2.3 cm. long and 1.5—2 cm.

broad; stalk 5 mm. long

v. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, oblong-

lanceolate or oblanceolate, 20—43

cm. long, average 33 cm. and 9-

16 cm. broad, average 11 cm.,

base rounded or cordate; nerves

about 30 pairs. Male pedicels

6-8 mm. long

(26) K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia

v. Leaves coriaceous (mountain

plants), lanceolate, shorter and

narrower, 15—25 cm. long and 4—

7 cm. broad; base acute or less

often rounded; nerves 18—25 pairs.

Male pedicels absent or very short,

1 mm. long

(26) K. oblongifolia var. monticola

u. Leaves drying an olive-green above,

sometimes with a blackish or dark

green metallic lustre, generally smaller

and narrower than in var. oblongifolia,

yet broad in some specimens of atten-

uata, 8-32 cm. long and 1.5—11 cm.

broad, base mostly acute, less often

rounded; nerves 12—20 pairs; midrib

striate beneath when dry; reticulations

fine and close. Twigs not usually

angled at the furfuraceous apex, dark

brown or blackish and finely striate

lower down. Anthers 9-13. Fruit not

obovoid, but sub-globose, oblong or

ellipsoid, 1.5-3 cm. long and 1.3-1.6.

cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long

w. Leaves chartaceous, seldom coria-

ceous except in some mountain

forms from Indo-China, lanceolate:

to oblong-lanceolate, 8-17 cm.

128

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

long and 1.5—5 cm. broad; reticu-

lations fine on both surfaces;

petiole 8 mm—1 cm. long. Male

flowers 3 mm. long in bud, rusty-

tomentose. Fruit sub-globose, 1.5-

2 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad

(11) K. globularia

w. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic-oblong

or elliptic-lanceolate, 13-32 cm.

long (average 18 cm) and 4.5-11

cm. broad (average 6 cm.); reticu-

lations slightly more _ distinct

especially above; petiole 1-1:5

cm. long. Male flowers 4-5 mm.

long in bud, rusty-lanose (hairs

longer, about 0.5 mm. long). Fruit

‘ oblong or ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and

1.6 cm. broad (2) K. attenuata

s. Anthers stalked. Leaves covered with cinnamon

or whitish scales beneath (scales tending to dis-

appear in ashtonii on drying)

x. Twigs not angled at the apex, coarsely striate

lower down. Leaves 35-60 cm. long, obtuse

or retuse at the apex, scales on lower sur-

face persisting; nerves 16—24 pairs, well-

spaced, 2-4 cm. apart. Staminal disc con-

cave or flat. Fruit ovoid, 5—6 cm. long and

5 cm. broad, slightly beaked at the apex

(30) K. retusa

x. Twigs angled at the apex, scarcely or not

striate lower down. Leaves 30—42 cm. long,

scales shed later and surface white and very

closely reticulate beneath; nerves 22-35

pairs, closer together, 1-1.5 cm. apart.

Staminal disc convex. Fruit obovoid, 5—7

cm. long and 3 cm. broad, obtuse at the

apex (1) K. ashtonii

r. Bracteole median. Anthers sessile. Male pedicels 1.2—

1.5 cm. long. Fruit sessile or stalk very short, 2-3

mm. long. (A Himalayan species with lanceolate or

oblong-lanceolate leaves, 15—40 cm. long)

(21) K. linifolia

129

Gardens Bulletin, S.

q. Style absent, stigmas sessile. (Bracteole median)

y. Anthers sessile. Twigs glabrous

z. Anthers many, 17—25. Twigs usually pale straw-

coloured or at least in parts, smooth, not striate

(occasionally a few faint striations may be pre-

sent in the older parts). Leaves drying an olive

or yellowish-green above

aa, Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle

(spathulate, lanceolate, obovate or lingui-

form in some of the varieties) length up to

14.5 cm. (small leaves in var. arenosa and

var. paludosa); petiole up to 1.2 cm. long.

Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth puberu-

lous outside. Staminal disc triangular with

the anthers touching each other laterally.

Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1—-1.3 cm. long

(6) K. curtisii and its vars

aa. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not elliptic nor

widest at the middle, length 12-25 cm.:

petiole 1.5—2.5 cm. long. Bark of twigs oc-

casionally flaking in the oldest parts.

Perianth nearly glabrous outside. Staminal

disc circular with well-spaced anthers. Fruit

obovoid, sessile or almost sessile, stalk when

present 3-5 mm. long

(24) K. membranifolia

z. Anthers few, 3 only, 1 at each angle of the triang-

ular staminal disc. Twigs brown, not pale straw-

coloured, smooth at the apex but striate lower

down. Leaves drying dark brown or blackish

above with a metallic lustre (19) K. latifolia

y. Anthers stalked. Twigs usually rusty-tomentulose at

the apex

bb. Anthers few, 6-10 (12-15 in rigidifolia). Male

pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long

cc. Leaves 1—4 cm. broad, reticulations invisible

or distinct above. Fruit 1.8 cm. long and

1 cm. broad

dd. Reticulations invisible or very faint

above. Flowers _ rusty-tomentulose.

130

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Male flowers 2—2.5 mm. long. Male

pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Female flowers

2-2.5 mm. long. Female pedicels 3

mm. long (34) K. stenophylla

dd. Reticulations distinct above and below

forming a close, dense network.

Flowers rusty-tomentose with stellate

and dendroid hairs. Male flowers 4

mm. long. Male pedicels 2—3 mm. long.

Female not seen (25) K. muscosa

cc. Leaves 2.5—8.5 cm. broad; reticulations dis-

tinct. Fruit 1.8-4 cm. long and 1—2.5 cm.

broad, obovoid, oblong or sub-globose

ee. Twigs coarsely striate. Leaves drying a

medium brown above, nerves oblique,

very prominent above as are the reti-

culations; lower surface not covered

with rusty-stellate scales when young.

Fruit-stalk 3-8 mm. long or fruit sessile

ff. Leaves coriaceous. Anthers 6-10.

Fruit oblong or obovoid; stalk 5

mm.—1 cm. long

gg. Leaves glabrous _ beneath;

- perves very oblique. Male

flowers tomentulose. Fruit

oblong, tomentulose, strongly

ridged along the line of

suture, 3.5-4 cm. long and

2.5 cm. broad

(15) K. kinabaluensis

gg. Leaves glabrous beneath or

when young covered with

rusty-stellate hairs (not scales)

on the midrib and nerves;

nerves slightly less oblique.

Male flowers densely tomen-

tose with stellate and dendroid

hairs. Fruit obovoid, tomen-

tose, not ridged along the line

of suture, 2—2.5 cm. long and

1.8 cm. in diam

(35) K. tomentella

131

Gardens Bulletin, S.

fj. Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Anthers

12-15. Fruit sub-globose, 3 cm. in

diam. (not ridged along line of

suture), sessile or with a 3 mm.

long stalk (31) K. rigidifolia

ee. Twigs finely striate. Leaves drying a

dark brown above or sometimes dark

green; nerves less oblique and less pro-

minent; reticulations less prominent;

lower surface covered with rusty scales

when young. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1—-1.5

cm. long (4) K. communis

-bb, Anthers more numerous, 9-18, average number

about 13. Male pedicels longer, 6 mm.—1.5 cm.

long, (3-4 mm. in cinerea var. rubens)

hh. Leaves covered with some kind of tomentum

beneath, persisting or not

ii. Leaves with stellate hairs beneath, the

tomentum persisting or disappearing

except on the lower midrib

jj. Leaves coriaceous, base rounded or

cordate, sides not always parallel,

sometimes widest at the middle;

reticulations very prominent;

tomentum persisting. Male flowers

in dense clusters. Male pedicels 7

mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13-18.

Fruit ovoid, tomentulose, 3.5—4

cm. long and 2—2.5 cm. broad

(5) K. conferta

Ji. Leaves thinly coriaceous, base acute

or rounded, not cordate, sides

nearly parallel; reticulations less

prominent; tomentum persisting al-

together or remaining on the lower

midrib only. Male flowers 1-4 in

a cluster. Male pedicels 7 mm.

long. Anthers 10-13, average 13.

Fruit ellipsoid, tomentose when

young, the tomentum shedding

later, 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm.

broad (8) K. erratica

132

Vol. XVII. (1961).

ii. Leaves covered with rusty scales when

young only (33) K. scortechinii

hh. Leaves glabrous beneath

kk. Twigs striate right up to the apex ex-

cept in scortechinii. Leaves elliptic or

lanceolate

ll. Leaves coriaceous, 18—28 cm. long,

lanceolate, drying dark brown

above; nerves 18—28 pairs; reticu-

lations forming a dense network,

prominent above and below. Male

pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long. Anthers

10-14. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5—3

-em. long and 2—2.3 cm. broad

. | (33) K. scortechinii

ll. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 9-19 cm.

long, elliptic, drying greenish or

yellowish-green above; nerves 7—14

pairs except in var. surigaoensis;

reticulations forming a dense net-

work, very prominent above and

below. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm.

long. Anthers 9-14. Fruit ellipsoid

to sub-globose, 2—2.5 cm. long and

“1.5 cm. broad

(17) K. kunstleri and its vars

kk. Twigs not striate right up to the apex.

Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or

oblong

mm. Twigs reddish brown. Leaves

membranous, greenish-brown with

a blackish tinge above when dry;

reticulations fine but distinct on:

both surfaces, forming a close

network. Male pedicels 1—-1.5 cm.

long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obo-

void, 1.5 cm. long and 1—1.2 cm.

broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long

(22) K. malayana

133

Gardens Bulletin, S.

mm. Twigs greyish or greyish with

black patches here and there (some

brownish-black patches in var.

cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous

or thinly coriaceous, brownish or

greenish above when dry; reticula-

tions fainter or sometimes scarcely

visible above, but quite distinct in

var. andamanica and vat. cordata.

Male pedicels shorter, usually 5

mm.—1 cm. long (3—4 mm. long in

var. rubens). Staminal disc slightly

convex. Fruit mostly oblong but

also sub-globose (see under vars

for shapes and sizes)

(3) K. cinerea and its vars

KEY NovZ

«a. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath,

especially when young, scales persisting in K. elmeri and

retusa, but tending to disappear in ashtonii on drying

b. Lamina 30-60 cm. long. Male pedicels 1-1.8 cm. long

with the bracteole at the apex. Anthers shortly stalked.

Fruit large, 5-7 cm. long and 3-5 cm. broad

c. Twigs not angled at the apex, coarsely striate lower

down. Leaves obtuse or retuse at the apex; nerves

16-24 pairs, well-spaced, 2—4 cm. apart. Staminal

disc concave or flat. Fruit slightly beaked at the apex

(30) K. retusa

c. Twigs angled at the apex, scarcely or not striate lower

down. Leaves rounded and then apiculate at the

apex, rarely obtuse; nerves 22-35 pairs, closer to-

gether, 1-1.5 cm. apart. Staminal disc convex. Fruit

obtuse at the apex (1) K. ashtonii

5b. Lamina 12—22-(30) cm. long. Male pedicels 4 mm.—1.2

cm. long with a + median bracteole. Anthers sessile or

stalked. Fruit smaller, 2.5-3 cm. long and 2-—2.5 cm.

broad

d. Twigs angled, their bark pale greyish-brown, tending

to crack or flake. Leaves drying a medium brown

above, sometimes with a greenish tinge; indumentum

134

Vol. XVI. (1961).

of lower surface persisting. Anthers 10-12, sessile;

disc convex. Female flowers sessile, both sexes pale

brown outside, scarlet inside. Fruit stalk 2—5 mm.

long

(7) K. elmeri

d. Twigs terete, their bark reddish-brown or dark greyish,

finely striate, and not tending to crack. Leaves drying

a darker brown, blackish-brown or greenish-brown

above; indumentum of lower surface not persisting.

Anthers 7—14, stalked; disc flat. Female flowers on a

5 mm. long pedicel, both sexes reddish-brown outside,

cream-coloured or pink inside. Fruit stalk 1—-1.5 cm.

long

e. Leaves 16-30 cm. long (average 20 cm.) and

4.56 cm. broad. Male flowers cream-coloured

inside, 5 mm. in diam.; pedicels 1—1.2 cm. long.

Anthers 10—14. Fruit ovoid-globose, 2.5—3 cm.

long and 2—2.3 cm. broad (33) K. scortechinii

e. Leaves similar in texture but smaller, 6—25 cm.

long and 2.5—7 cm. broad. Male flowers pink

inside, 2-3 mm. in diam.; pedicels 4-5 mm.

long. Anthers 7—9. Fruit obovoid, smaller, 1.8

cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad

(4) K. communis

a, Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath,

glaucous or brownish beneath when dry

f. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose beneath with stellate

hairs

g. Twigs usually striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf

raised above. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long (ex-

cept in tomentella) with a median bracteole. Female

pedicels 5 mm. long. Anthers stalked (sessile in

erratica) 13-18. Fruit-stakk 5 mm.—l1 cm. long

h. Pubescence of leaves persisting. Leaves sometimes

slightly cordate at the base. Male flowers very

numerous in the cluster. Fruit tomentulose or

shortly tomentose, 3.5-4 cm. long and 2-2.5

cm. broad (5) K. conferta

135

Gardens Bulletin, S.

h. Pubescence of leaves not persisting except on

midrib and nerves, becoming quite glabrous in

tomentella. Leaves not cordate at the base. Male

flowers 1—4 in a cluster. Fruit tomentose, slightly

smaller, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8—2 cm. broad

i. Leaves coriaceous, sides not parallel. Male

and female pedicels 3 mm. long. Anthers

6-9, stalked. Fruit obovoid, tomentum per-

sisting, hairs less than 1 mm. long

(35) K. tomentella

i. Leaves thinly coriaceous, sides nearly parallel.

Male pedicels 7 mm. long. Anthers 10-13,

average 13, sessile. Fruit ellipsoid, toment-

um shed later, hairs 1 mm. long

(8) K. erratica

g. Twigs not striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf

sunk above (especially at base of leaf). Male pedicels

3-5 mm. long with bracteole at base of perianth.

Female flowers sessile. Anthers 7-8 (11 rarely).

Fruit-stalk 2—5 mm. long (20) K. laurina

f. Leaves glabrous beneath

j. Stigma 8—12-lobed. style absent or very short

k. Bracteole of pedicels + median. Nerves nu-.

merous, 20-52 pairs (except in latericia and

glomerata. All large-leaved species, i.e. over 30

cm. and up to 65 cm. long except in J/atericia

and glomerata). Flowers mostly red or pink in-

side

I. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack and

flake (not always apparent unless adequate

lengths of twigs are present; may not always

be visible in latericia because of its thin

bark and slender twigs)

m. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or

not at the base. Bark tending to crack

in the apical as well as in the older

parts. Male flowers not mitriform in:

bud. Anthers 9-18, rarely 20

136

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

_n. Young petioles, tips of twigs,

flowers, pedicels and fruit all den-

sely covered with pale yellowish-

brown wool, the hairs up to 5 mm.

long. Anthers 15—18—(20 rarely).

Male flowers 1 cm. long, male

pedicels 1-2 cm. long; female

flowers 1.7—2 cm. long (the largest

in the genus), female pedicels

1.5—2 cm. long. Fruit ellipsoid,

4.5-8 cm. long and 3-4.5 cm.

broad; stalk 1 cm. long

(13) K. hookeriana

n. Young petioles, tips of twigs, the

flowers, pedicels and fruit toment-

ose, not lanose, the tomentum

‘ much shorter. Leaves cordate or

not at the base. Anthers 9-13.

Male and female flowers, pedicels,

fruit and fruit-stalk all smaller

o. Leaves large (sometimes small

ones at the tips of the twigs),

10-50 cm. long and 3-14 cm.

broad, cordate at the base;

nerves 24-35 pairs. Male

flowers pale yellowish-brown

outside, 6-7 mm. long; female

same colour, 1 cm. long. Male

pedicels 7-10 mm. long, fe-

male flowers nearly sessile,

their pedicels 2 mm. long.

Fruit pale yellowish-brown,

sparsely tomentose, oblong,

3.5—4.5 cm. long and 2-3 cm.

broad; stalk 4—5 mm. long

(9) K. furfuracea

o. Leaves smaller, 12—32 cm. long

and 3-7 cm. broad, (some-

times larger in Jatericia var.

lunduensis) not cordate at the

base; nerves 9-22 pairs. Male

flowers reddish brown outside

(pale brown in Jatericia var.

137

138

Gardens Bulletin, S.

albifolia) 5-6 mm. long; fe-

male same colour, 6-9 mm.

long. Male pedicels 3-4 mm.

long, female 4 mm. long or

sessile. Fruit reddish-brown,

tomentose, obovoid or oblong-

ellipsoid, 1.7-3.5 cm. long

and 1.5—2.5 cm. broad, sessile

p. Bark of trunk longitudinal-

ly striate. Twigs 4-6 mm.

thick at the apex. Leaves

rigidly coriaceous. Male

flowers S-6 mm. in

diam.; female 8—9 mm.

long. Male pedicels 2

mm. thick and female 4

mm. thick. Tomentum of

flowers with hairs 1-2

mm. long. Anthers 14—

17. Fruit oblong-ellip-

soid, 3 cm. long and 2

cm. broad

(28) K. percoriacea

p. Bark of trunk flaking irre-

gularly, not longitudinally

striate. Twigs 2-3 mm.

thick at the apex (ex-

cept in var. lunduensis).

Leaves thinly coriaceous,

slightly smaller (except

in var. lunduensis). Male

flowers 5 mm. in diam.,

female 6 mm. long. Male

pedicels 1 mm. thick, fe-

male flowers _ sessile.

Tomentum of flowers 0.5

mm. long or less (longer

in var. lunduensis).

Anthers 9-12. Fruit obo-

void, 1.7 cm. long and

1.5 cm. broad (larger in

var. lunduensis)

(18) K. latericia and

its vars

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

m. Leaves not widest at the middle, but the

sides nearly parallel, not cordate at the

base. Bark tending to crack in the older

portions only, consisting of a smooth,

reddish-brown portion at 3-4 cm. be-

low the furfuraceous apex and then the

older greyish-brown flaking portion.

Flowers mitriform in bud (this char-

acter not apparent in very young buds).

Anthers 18~20 (10) K. galeata

l. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake

q. Nerves 40—52 pairs, (more numerous

than in any other species of Knema).

Sides of leaf nearly parallel. Flowers

tomentulose outside. Fruit flanged along

thé line of suture (27) K. pectinata

q. Nerves 12-40 pairs. Sides of leaf nearly

parallel or not. Flowers tomentulose or

tomentose outside. Fruit not flanged

along the line of suture (not seen in

woodii)

r. Twigs angled and glabrous at the

apex, blackish in patches, greyish

lower down. Leaves often drying

dark grey above, their margins

‘nearly parallel; nerves 23-30

pairs. Flowers tomentulose out-

side. Staminal disc flat, triangular

with 18—23 anthers

(37) K. woodii

r. Twigs not angled at the rusty-fur-

furaceous apex, grey, straw-

coloured or reddish-brown lower

down. Leaves usually drying an

olive-green above, their margins

sometimes nearly parallel, but most

often widest at the middle; nerves

12-40 pairs. Flowers tomentose

outside. Staminal disc convex and

circular in outline with 8—18—(20)

anthers

139

Gardens Bulletin, S.

s. Leaves chartaceous to thinly

liptic-lanceolate or lanceolate,

sometimes lobed (heterophyl-

lous); nerves 12-20 pairs,

average 16. Twigs 2 mm.

thick at or near the apex.

Male flowers 3—4 mm. long

and 5 mm. broad in bud, 7-8

mm. across when expanded;

female flowers 5 mm. long.

Male pedicels 4-7 mm. long.

Anthers 8—13, average 11

(12) K. glomerata

s. Leaves chartaceous to thinly

coriaceous, oblong or oblong-

obovate and narrowed to the

base, not elliptic (the sides

sometimes parallel) not hete-

rophyllous; nerves 20-40 pairs.

Twigs slightly thicker, 3-4

mm. thick at or near the apex.

Male flowers slightly larger.

3-5 mm. long and 6-7 mm.

broad, 1 cm. across when ex-

panded; female flowers 8 mm.

—1 cm. long. Male pedicels 8

mm.—1 cm. long. Anthers 13-

18-(20) average 18

(16) K. korthalsti

k. Bracteole at base of the perianth. Anthers sessile,

Shortly stalked or sessile in plumulosa. (Leaves

not so large as in the preceding group, 11-30

cm. long except in mandaharan). Flowers mostly

cream-coloured inside

t. Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, 11—

30 cm. long, nerves 12—22 pairs

u. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Stam-

inal disc convex or mammillate; con-

nectives

not produced beyond the

apices of the anthers. Fruit covered

with short, dense tomentum or scurf,

0.5 —1 mm. long except in plumulosa

140

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

v. Petioles of young leaves, apices of

twigs and also flowers, pedicels and

fruit covered with dark rusty wool,

the hairs 2 mm. long. Male flowers

6—7 mm. long; female 1 cm. long,

female pedicels 3—4 mm. long and

4—5 mm. thick. Perianth persistent

in fruit (29) K. plumulosa

v. Petioles of young leaves, apices of

twigs and also flowers, pedicels

and fruit covered with very short,

rusty-stellate scurf, not lanose.

Male flowers 4-6 mm. long; fe-

male 7-8 mm. long, female pedi-

cels 7-8 mm. long (3-4 mm. in

uliginosa). Perianth not persistent

in fruit

w. Twigs mostly reddish brown,

greyish in the older parts. Re-

ticulations of leaves close and

distinct above (faint or distinct

above in mandaharan). Flower

buds not depressed in the

centre when dry. Male pedi-

cels 5 mm.—1 cm. long. Fruit

ellipsoid or oblong, tomentose

or covered with stellate scurf

which rubs off, 3—4.5 cm.

long and 1.8—3.5 cm. broad;

stalk 5 mm.—1.2 cm. long

x. Leaves coriaceous, 11-22

—(30) cm. long, acute or

rounded at the base;

nerves 12-22 pairs.

Twigs 2—3 mm. thick at

apex. Male pedicels 7—8

mm. long. Staminal disc

mammillate. Fruit ellip-

soid, 3—4 cm. long and

1.8-2.2 cm. broad,

141

Gardens Bulletin, S.

covered with short rusty-

stellate scurf; stalk 8

mm.—1.2 cm. long and

2-3 mm. thick

(14) K. intermedia

x. Leaves rigidly coriaceous,

17-30 cm. long in young

apical leaves only or in

some specimens from

higher altitudes (normal

or mature leaves 30-60

cm. long), rounded at the

base; nerves 22—26 pairs.

Twigs 5 mm. thick at the

apex. Male pedicels 4

mm. long (probably

slightly immature).

Staminal disc flat or

slightly convex. Fruit

oblong, larger and more

densely tomentose with

hairs up to 1 mm. long,

3—4.5 cm. long and 3-3.5

cm. broad; stalk 5-7

mm. long, stout, 5 mm.

thick

(23) K. mandaharan

w. Twigs reddish-brown at the ex-

treme apex only, pale greyish

lower down in the younger and

older parts. Reticulations of

‘eaves less dense or less distinct

above. Flower buds often de-

pressed in the centre when

dry. Male pedicels 5—6 mm.

long. Fruit sub-globose or

slightly obovoid, rusty-

tomentose, 1.8 cm. long and

1.5 cm. broad; stalk 4 mm.

long (36) K. uliginosa

u. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long. Staminal

disc flat or concave; connectives pro-

duced beyond the apices of the anthers

142

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

when dehiscing. Fruit sparsely covered

with 3 mm. long, shining, rusty-brown

hairs (32) K. rufa

t. Leaves rigidly coriaceous, 30-60 cm. long

(young ones at the tips of twigs often

smaller, 17-30 cm. long); nerves 22—26

pairs (23) K. mandaharan

j. Stigma few-lobed, usually bifid and each lobe again divided into

2—3 lobes or serrations

y. Style present (length 1.5—-2 mm. long). Anthers sessile

z. Bracteole median, sometimes below the middle or near

base of pedicel. Leaves large, 15—40 cm. long with

25-35 pairs of nerves. Twigs 5 mm. or more thick

at the apex. Male flowers 7 mm.—1 cm. long. Male

pedicels 1.2-1.5 cm. long. Anthers 13-18. Fruit el-

lipsoid or ovoid, mostly tomentose, sometimes

tomentulose. (A Himalayan species)

: (21) K. linifolia

z. Bracteole at the base of the perianth, less often above

the middle. Leaves smaller (medium sized) with

fewer veins except in oblongifolia var. oblongifolia.

Twigs 2—3-(5) mm. thick at the apex. Male flowers

3—8 mm. long. Male pedicels 1-8 mm. long. Anthers

6-13. Fruit variously shaped, tomentulose

aa. Leaves 15-43 cm. long and 4—16 cm. broad,

oblong, oblanceolate or (narrowly oblong to

lanceolate in oblongifolia var. monticola), base

rounded or cordate, but acute or less often

rounded in var. monticola; nerves 18-30 pairs;

midrib usually not striate beneath; reticulations

scalariform. Twigs angled and furfuraceous at

the apex, smooth and reddish-brown lower

down. Anthers 6—8. Fruit obovoid, 2—2.3 cm.

long and 1.5—2 cm. broad; stalk 5 mm. long

bb. Leaves chartaceous, oblong, oblong-lanceo--

late or oblanceolate, 20-43 cm. long,

average 33 cm. and 9-16 cm. broad,

average 11 cm., base rounded or cordate;

nerves about 30 pairs. Male pedicels 6-8

mm. long

(26) K. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia

bb. Leaves coriaceous (mountain plants),

lanceolate, shorter and narrower, 15—25

143

Gardens Bulletin, S.

cm. long and 4—7 cm. broad, base acute or

less often rounded; nerves 18-25 pairs.

Male pedicels absent or very short, 1 mm.

long (26) K. oblongifolia var. monticola

aa, Leaves generally smaller and narrower than in

var. oblongifolia yet broad in some specimens

of attenuata, 8-32 cm. long and 1.5-11 cm.

broad, base mostly acute, less often rounded;

nerves 12—20 pairs; midrib striate beneath when

dry; reticulations fine and close. Twigs not

usually angled at the furfuraceous apex, dark

brown or blackish and finely striate lower down.

Anthers 9-13 except in small forms of Jaurina,

Fruit not obovoid but sub-globose, oblong or

ellipsoid, 1.5—3 cm. long and 1.3—1.6 cm. broad;

stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long

cc. Anthers 6—-8-(11); stalk of staminal disc

1.8-2 mm. long. Leaves chartaceous to

slightly coriaceous, drying pale brown

above; petiole 6 mm.—1 cm. long and 2

mm. thick. [Covering small, nearly glabrous

forms of /aurina including tridactyla]

(20) K. laurina

cc. Anthers 9-13; stalk of staminal disc 0.5

mm. long. Leaves chartaceous, seldom

coriaceous except in some mountain forms

of globularia from Indo-China, drying an

olive-green above, sometimes with a black-

ish or dark green metallic lustre; petiole

8 mm.—1.5 cm. long, more slender, 1.5 mm.

thick

dd. Leaves lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate,

8—17 cm. long and 1.5—5 cm. broad;

reticulations fine on both surfaces;

petiole 8 mm —l! cm. long. Male

flowers 3 mm. long in bud, rusty-

tomentose. Fruit sub-globose, 1.5—2

cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad

(11) K. globularia

dd. Leaves elliptic-oblong or elliptic lan-

ceolate, 13-32 cm. long (average 18

cm.) and 4.5—11 cm. broad (average 6

144

Vol. XVII. (1961).

cm.); reticulations slightly more dis--

tinct, especially above; petiole 1—1.5

cm. long. Male flowers 4-5 mm. long

in bud, rusty-lanose (hairs longer,

about 0.5 mm. long). Fruit oblong or

ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm.

broad (2) K. attenuata

y. Style absent or extremely short. [Bracteole usually +

median on the pedicel but in some varieties of cinerea,

especially in young or immature flowers, the bracteoles

are above the middle or even at the base of the flower.

As the pedicel grows longer, then bracteole will probably

be + median]. Anthers sessile or stalked (generally

stalked but sessile in the members of groups 5 and 6)

ee. Twigs glabrous, usually pale straw-coloured, or at

least in parts, smooth, not striate (occasionally a few

faint striations may be present in the older parts).

Leaves drying an olive or yellowish-green above.

Anthers sessile, numerous, 17—25. Fruit becoming

glabrous

ff. Leaves often elliptic or widest at the middle (ex-

cept. in some of the vars where they are spa-

thulate, lanceolate, obovate or linguiform)

length up to 14.5 cm. (small leaves in var.

arenosa and paludosa); petiole up to 1.2 cm.

long. Bark of twigs not flaking. Perianth

puberulous ‘outside. Staminal disc triangular

with the anthers touching each other laterally.

Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1—1.3 cm. long

(6) K. curtisii and its vars

ff. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not elliptic nor widest

at the middle, length 12—25 cm.; petiole 1.5—2.5

‘cm. long. Bark of twigs occasionally flaking in

the oldest parts. Perianth nearly glabrous out-

side. Staminal disc circular with well-spaced

anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or almost sessile;

stalk when, present 3-5 mm. long

(24) K. membranifolia

ee. Twigs glabrous or tomentulose at the apex, not pale

straw-coloured, but reddish-brown, greyish or dark

brown, striate or striate at least in the older parts.

Leaves drying greenish, brownish or blackish above..

145

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Anthers usually stalked but sessile in Jatifolia, less

than 18. Fruit becoming glabrous or not

gg. Leaves drying blackish or dark brown above

with a metallic lustre. Anthers 3 only, one at

each angle of the triangular staminal disc. Fruit

rusty-tomentulose becoming glabrous, sometimes

ridged or flanged along the line of suture

(19) K. latifolia

gg. Leaves not drying blackish above. Anthers more

than 3. Fruit glabrous or not, ridged or not

hh. Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long;

female 1.5 mm. long or flowers sessile.

Anthers 6-10 (12-15 in rigidifolia) shortly

stalked. Fruit oblong or obovoid

ti. Leaves 1-4 cm. broad; reticulations in-

visible or distinct above. Fruit 1.8 cm.

long and 1 cm. broad, obovoid

jj. Reticulations invisible or very faint

above. Flowers rusty-tomentulose.

Male flowers 2-—2.5 mm. long.

Male pedicels 4-5 mm. long. Fe-

male flowers 2—2.5 mm. long. Fe-

male pedicels 3 mm. long

(34) K. stenophylia

jj. Reticulations distinct above and be-

low, forming a close, dense net-

work. Flowers rusty-tomentose

with stellate and dendroid hairs.

Male flowers 4 mm. long. Male

pedicels 2-3 mm. long. Female

flowers not seen

(25) K. muscosa

ii. Leaves 2.5—8.5 cm. broad; reticulations

distinct. Fruit 1.8-4 cm. long and

1—2.5 cm. broad, obovoid, oblong or

sub-globose

kk. Twigs coarsely striate. Leaves dry-

ing a medium brown above, nerves

oblique, very prominent above as

are the reticulations, lower surface

not covered with rusty-stellate

146

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

scales when young. Fruit stalk 3-8

mm. long or fruit sessile

Il. Leaves lanceolate, oblong-

lanceolate or obovate, covered

with stellate hairs on the mid-

rib and nerves beneath when

young, later glabrous. Flowers

densely rusty-tomentose with

stellate and dendroid hairs.

Fruit obovoid, tomentose, not.

ridged nor flanged along the

line of suture, stalked

(35) K. tomentella

Ill. Leaves lanceolate or oblong--

kk.

147

lanceolate (never obovate),

glabrous beneath. Flowers.

‘tomentulose. Fruit not obo-

void, tomentulose, ridged or

not ridged along the line of

suture, stalked or sessile

mm. Leaves coriaceous;.

nerves 16-20 pairs, obli-

que. Anthers 7—10. Fruit

oblong, strongly ridged

along the line of suture..

3.5—4 cm. long and 2.5

cm. broad; stalk 5-&

mm. long

(15) K. kinabaluensis

mm. Leaves rigidly coriace-

ous; nerves 17—25 pairs,

slightly less oblique.

Anthers 12-15. Fruit

sub-globose, not ridged:

along the line of suture,

3 cm. in diam.; stalk 3:

mm. long

(31) K. rigidifolia

Twigs finely striate. Leaves

drying a dark brown above or

sometimes dark green; nerves.

less oblique and less promi-

nent; reticulations less promi-

Gardens Bulletin, .S.

nent; lower surface covered

with rusty-stellate scales when

young. Fruit obovoid; stalk

1-1.5 cm. long

| (4) K. communis

hh. Male pedicels 6 mm —1.5 cm. long (3-4

mm. in cinerea var. rubens); female more

than 2 mm. long. Anthers 9-17, stalked.

Fruit variously shaped

nn. Twigs striate right up to the apex, ex-

cept in scortechinii. Leaves elliptic or

lanceolate

oo. Leaves elliptic, 9-19 cm. long,

drying greenish or yellowish-green

above, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous

beneath; nerves 7—14 pairs (except

in var. surigaoensis); reticulations.

forming a dense, very prominent

network above and below. Tomen-

tum at apex of twigs rusty-brown.

Fruit tomentulose; stalk 1.5—1.8

cm. long

(17) K. kunstleri and its vars

oo. Leaves not elliptic, but lanceolate

or oblong-lanceolate, the sides

nearly parallel, 16-32 cm. long,

drying brownish or dark brown

above, less coriaceous, covered

with stellate scales or hairs be-

neath when young; nerves 18-30

pairs. Tomentum at apex of twigs

light brown. Fruit at first tomen-

tose, the hairs shedding and the

fruit becoming tomentulose; stalk

5 mm.—1 cm. long

pp. Twigs tomentulose from the

apex to some distance down,

coarsely striate from the apex

right down their entire length.

Leaves medium brown above

when dry, lower surface with

stellate hairs on the midrib

and veins or all over when

148

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

young or persisting. Male

pedicels 7 mm. long. Fruit

ellipsoid (8) K. erratica

pp. Twigs-tomentulose at the apex

only and not striate there,

finely striate lower down.

Leaves dark brown above

when dry, lower surface

covered with rusty-stellate

scales when young, becoming

glabrous. Male pedicels 1—1.2

cm. long. Fruit ovoid-globose

(33) K. scortechinii

nn. Twigs not striate right up to the apex.

Leaves lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or

oblong

qq. Twigs reddish-brown. Leaves mem-

branous, greenish-brown with a

blackish tinge above when dry;

reticulations fine but distinct on

both surfaces; forming a close net-

work. Male pedicels 1—1.5 cm.

long. Staminal disc flat. Fruit obo-

void, 1.5 cm. long and 1—1.2 cm.

broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long

(22) K. malayana

qq. ‘Twigs greyish or greyish with black

patches here and there (some

brownish-black patches in_ var.

cordata). Leaves mostly coriaceous

or thinly coriaceous, brownish or

greenish above when dry; reticu-

lations fainter or sometimes

scarcely visible above but quite

distinct in var. andamanica and

var. cordata. Male pedicels

shorter, usually 5 mm.—1 cm. long

(3-4 mm. long in var. rubens).

Staminal disc slightly convex.

Fruit mostly oblong but also sub-

globose (see under vars for shapes

and sizes).

(3) K. cinerea and its vars

149

Gardens Bulletin, S.

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CINEREA

a. Leaves not cordate at the base, length usually 10-24 cm., rarely

or not exceeding 28 cm., drying greenish or brownish above.

Twigs 1-3 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at least

10 cm.

b. Leaves usually drying greenish or greenish-brown above,

(less often brownish), glaucous beneath, oblong or oblong-

lanceolate, usually about 5—7 cm. broad, but also nar-

rower, 3-4 cm., or broader up to 10 cm. Reticulations

often visible above but fine and not very prominent.

c. Fruit small, sub-globose to slightly obovoid, brick-red,

tomentulose, 1.5 cm. & 1.2 cm. on a slender, 7 mm.

long and 1 mm. thick stalk. Leaves drying greenish

above, 4.5—8.5 cm. broad var. cinerea

c. Fruit larger, oblong or ellipsoid, puberulous, becoming

glabrous, often blackish or blackish-brown when

dry, 2.5-4.5 cm. & 1-2.5 cm.; stalk 7 mm.—1 cm.

long and 3 mm. thick. Leaves greenish or less often

brownish when dry

d. Fruit covered with extremely short, scale-like

tomentum, later sub-glabrous. Leaves 4-10 cm.

broad, average 5—7 cm. Male perianth 4 mm.

long, tomentulose to sub-glabrous. Anthers 10-—

17; stalk of staminal disc 1 mm. long

var. sumatrana

d. Fruit sparsely covered with 1 mm. long,

shaggy, plumose hairs, later sub-glabrous, size

smaller, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.3—1.5 cm. broad.

Leaves narrower, average 3-4 cm. broad

(broader forms 5—10 cm. broad) more distinctly

reticulate. Male perianth larger, 5 mm. long,

more tomentose; female flowers also slightly

larger. Anthers 10-13; stalk of staminal disc

2 mm. long var. andamanica

4. Leaves drying a rich brown above, glaucous or brownish

beneath, oblong-lanceolate or narrowly oblong, not so

wide. Reticulations indistinct or invisible above

e. Leaves narrow with nearly parallel sides, 3—5 cm.

broad, acute at the apex; midrib raised above, shin-

ing and reddish-brown beneath; nerves oblique.

Twigs slender, 1-2 mm. thick at the apex and for

150

Vol. XVIII, (1961).

some distance (10 cm.) down where they are covered

with a minute, light brown tomentum. Male pedicels

3-4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, 2—2.2 cm. long and

1.5-1.7 cm. broad; stalk 3—5 mm. long and 3 mm.

thick. var. rubens

e. Leaves slightly broader, 3—7.5 cm. broad, sides not

parallel, apex generally obtuse but sometimes acute

on the same specimen; midrib lying in a groove

above, not shining beneath, nerves nearly horizontal

leaving the midrib at an angle of 70° to nearly 90°.

Twigs thicker, 3 mm. thick at the apex, the tomen-

tum confined to the apex and not extending down so

much as 10 cm. Male pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long.

Fruit as in var. cinerea, sub-globose or slightly obo-

void, 1.3—1.5 cm. long and 1—1.3 cm. broad; stalk

7 mm.—1.5 cm.,long and 1 mm. thick

: var. patentinervia

f. Flowering pedicels (male) 5 mm.—1 cm. long;

fruiting pedicels 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous,

up to 23 cm. long, nerves 15-25 pairs, pro-

prominent beneath, reticulations faint beneath

f. patentinervia

f. Flowering pedicels (male) 1.3—1.5 cm. long; fruit-

ing pedicels 8 mm:—1.5 cm. long. Leaves chart-

aceous, thinner, up to 16 cm. long, nerves 10-—

16—(22) pairs, fainter beneath, reticulations also

fainter. Confined to Borneo _f. longipedicellata

a. Leaves cordate at the base, length 21—36 cm., drying brownish

above. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at

least 10 cm. var. cordata

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CURTISII

a. Reticulations of leaves faint on both surfaces; apex acute or

obtuse

b. Leaves broadly elliptic, less often elliptic-lanceolate, never

liguliform or spathulate; apex acuminate or bluntly acute;

average length usually 8 cm. and over, average breadth

4-5 cm. var. curtisii

b. Leaves lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate, obovate or spathu-

late; apex acute or obtuse; average dimensions smaller,

4-8 cm. long and 1.5—3 cm. broad

151

Gardens Bulletin, S.

c. Leaves obtuse at the apex, coriaceous, usually drying

blackish brown; veins fine and faint below

d. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, 1.5—3 cm.

broad (average 2.5 cm.) var. paludosa

d. Leaves spathulate or liguliform with nearly paral-

lel sides, 1-1.8 cm. broad var. amoena

c. Leaves acute at the apex, chartaceous, usually drying

green above, lanceolate, 1—-1.5 cm. broad; nerves

extremely faint or not visible on both surfaces

var. arenosa

. Reticulations of leaves distinct on both surfaces, apex generally

obtuse var. linguiformis

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA KUNSTLERI

. Leaves coriaceous, broadly elliptic or elliptic-oblong, apex

bluntly acute or obtuse, nerves 7—14 pairs, reticulations very

prominent on both surfaces var. kunstleri

. Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, narrower, oblong-

lanceolate, the sides nearly parallel, apex acute or acuminate,

nerves 12-20 pairs (average 18 pairs), reticulations not so

prominent var. Surigaoensis

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA LATERICIA

. Twigs stout, 4-5 mm. thick at the apex and just below. Leaves

17-50 cm. long (average 25 cm.) and 5—20 cm. broad

(average 10 cm.), few in number and distantly spaced on the

twigs, rounded at the base or rarely sub-cordate. Fruit 3—3.5

cm. X 2.5 cm. with hairs 1.5-2 mm. long var. lunduensis

. Twigs slender, 2-3 mm. thick at the apex and just below.

Leaves up to 20 cm. long and to 10 cm. broad, more numerous

on the twigs, acute or sometimes rounded at the base. Fruit

smaller, up to 2.3 cm. long and to 1.7 cm. broad with shorter

hairs, 0.5 mm. long or less

b. Leaves 4-10 cm. broad, average 5—6 cm., drying brownish

above and brownish or glaucous beneath; midrib and

nerves reddish-brown. Tomentum of twigs, flowers and

fruit reddish-brown var. latericia

b. Leaves 2-5 cm. broad, average 3 cm., drying a paler

brown, greyish-brown or greyish-green, whitish beneath;

midrib and nerves also paler. Tomentum of twigs, flowers

and fruit pale brown var. albifolia

iSZ

Vol. XVII, (1961).

KEY TO BORNEAN SPECIES.

a. Leaves covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath

especially when young, scales persisting in K. elmeri

b. Nerves 22-35 pairs; lamina 30—42 cm. long. Male pedicels

1.5—1.8 cm. long. Anthers shortly stalked. Fruit large,

5S—7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad (1) K. ashtonii

b. Nerves 15-20 pairs; lamina 12—22—(26) cm. long. Male

pedicels 4-7 mm. long. Anthers sessile or stalked. Fruit

smaller, 1.8-2.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm. broad

c. Twigs angled, their bark greyish-brown and tending

to crack or flake. Anthers 10—12, sessile; staminal

disc convex. Female flowers sessile, both sexes pale

brown outside and scarlet inside. Fruit oblong or

elliptic-oblong; stalk 2-5 mm. long

(7) K. elmeri

c. Twigs terete, their bark dark reddish-brown, finely

striate and not tending to crack. Anthers 7—9, shortly

stalked; staminal disc flat. Female flowers on a 5 mm..

long pedicel, both sexes reddish-brown outside and

pink inside. Fruit obovoid; stalk 1-1.5 cm. long

(4) K. communis

ae 3 Leaves not covered with cinnamon or whitish scales beneath,

glaucous or brownish beneath when dry

d. Leaves pubescent or thinly tomentose beneath with stellate

hairs

e. Twigs not striate in the apical parts. Veins of leaf

sunk above. Male pedicels 3-5 mm. long with

bracteole at base of perianth. Female flowers sessile.

Perianth red inside. Anthers 7—8—(11 rarely), sessile.

Fruit-stalk 2—3 mm. long (20) K. laurina

Twigs usually striate in the apical parts. Veins of leat

raised above. Male pedicels 7 mm.—1 cm. long with

a median bracteole. Female pedicels 5 mm. long.

Perianth yellowish or greenish-yellow inside with a

brownish-pink spot at the base of each lobe. Anthers

13-18, shortly stalked. Fruit-stalk about 1 cm. long

(5) K. conferta

d. Leaves glabrous beneath

f. Bark of trunk and twigs tending to crack or flake (not

always apparent unless adequate lengths of twigs are

present; may not always be visible in /atericia)

"153

Gardens Bulletin, S.

g. Leaves widest at the middle, cordate or not at

the base. Bark tending to crack in the apical

as well as in the older parts. Male flowers not

mitriform in bud. Male pedicels 3-10 mm. long.

Anthers 9-13

h. Leaves large (sometimes small ones at the

tips of the twigs) 10-50 cm. long and 3-14

cm. broad, cordate at the base; nerves 24—

35 pairs. Male flowers pale yellowish-brown

outside, 6-7 mm. long; female same colour,

1 cm. long. Male pedicels 7-10 mm. long,

female flowers nearly sessile, their pedicels

2 mm. long. Fruit pale yellowish-brown,

sparsely tomentose, oblong, 3.5—4.5 cm.

long and 3 cm. broad; stalk 4-5 mm. long

(9) K. furfuracea

h. Leaves smaller, 12—32 cm. long and 3—7 cm.

broad, (sometimes larger in /atericia var.

lunduensis) not cordate at the base; nerves

9-22 pairs. Male flowers reddish-brown

outside (pale brown in Jatericia var. albi-

folia) S-6 mm. long; female same colour,

6—9 mm. long. Male pedicels 3—4 mm. long,

female 4 mm. long or flowers sessile. Fruit

reddish-brown, tomentose, obovoid of

oblong-ellipsoid, 1.7—3.5 cm. long and 1.5—

2.5 cm. broad, sessile

i. Bark of trunk longitudinally _ striate.

Twigs 4-6 mm. thick at the apex.

Leaves rigidly coriaceous. Male

flowers 5—6 mm. in diam., female 8-9

mm. long. Male pedicels 2 mm. thick

and female 4 mm. thick. Tomentum of

flowers with hairs 1—2 mm. long.

Anthers 14—17. Fruit oblong-ellipsoid,

3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad

. (28) K. percoriacea

i, Bark of trunk flaking irregularly, not

longitudinally striate. Twigs 2-3 mm.

thick at the apex (except in var.

lunduensis). Leaves thinly coriaceous,

slightly smaller (except in var.

154

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

lunduensis). Male flowers 5 mm. in

diam., female 6 mm. long. Male pedi-

cels 1 mm. thick, female flower sessile.

Tomentum of flowers 0.5 mm. long

or less (longer in var. lunduensis). An-

thers 9—12. Fruit obovoid, 1.7 cm. long

and 1.5 cm. broad (larger in var.

lunduensis)

(18) K. latericia and its vars

g. Leaves with nearly parallel sides, not widest at

the middle, not cordate at the base. Bark tend-

ing to crack in the older portions only, con-

sisting of a smooth reddish-brown portion at

3—4 cm. below the furfuraceous apex, and then

the older greyish-brown flaking portion. Male

flowers mitriform in bud (except when very

young). Male pedicels 1.8—2.5 cm. long. Anthers

18—20 (10) K. ga'‘eata

f. Bark of twigs not tending to crack or flake except some-

times in membranifolia

j. Nerves numerous, 20-52 pairs. Leaves large, 20-44

cm. long with nearly parallel sides. Stigma with

numerous lobes, 8-12 ;

k. Nerves 40—52 pairs, more numerous than in any

other species of Knema. Fruit flanged along the

line of suture. Anthers about 14. Flowers

tomentulose ~ (27) K. pectinata

k. Nerves less numerous, 20-40 pairs, fruit not

flanged along line of suture (not seen in woodii).

Anthers (13)—18—23. Flowers tomentulose or

tomentose

I. Twigs angled and glabrous at the apex,

blackish in patches, lighter or dark grey

lower down. Leaves often drying dark grey

above, their margins nearly parallel; nerves

23-30 pairs. Flowers tomentulose outside.

Staminal disc flat, triangular with 18-23

anthers (37) K. woodii

I. Twigs rarely angled at the apex, rusty-fur-

furaceous, grey-straw-coloured to reddish-

brown and glabrous lower down. Leaves

usually drying an olive-green above, their

155

Gardens Bulletin, S.-

margins sometimes nearly parallel, but

shape mostly oblong-obovate, widest at the

middle and narrowed to the base; nerves

20-40 pairs. Flowers tomentose outside.

Staminal disc convex and circular in out-

line with 13—18—(20) average 18 anthers

(16) K. korthalsii

J. Nerves not so numerous, leaves smaller and of various

shapes, sides parallel or not. Stigma with fewer lobes,

2-6 (except in intermedia, uliginosa and probably

rufa)

m, Leaves drying blackish above with a _ glossy

metallic lus're. Anthers 3 only, one at each angle

of the triangular disc. Fruit rusty-tomentulose

becoming glabrous, sometimes ridged or flanged

on the suture (19) K. latifolia

m. Leaves not drying blackish. Anthers more than

3. Fruit glabrous or not, ridged or not

n. Twigs g'abrous, usually pale straw-coloured

or at least in parts, smooth, not striate

(occasionally a few striations present in the

older parts). Leaves usually drying an olive

or yellowish green

o. Fruit nearly glabrous, ridged on the

suture. Anthers 17—25 (sessile); stam-

inal disc triangular, concave. Bracteole

median |

p. Leaves often elliptic or widest at the

middle (except in some of the var-

leties where they are lanceolate,

spathulate, obovate or linguiform)

length up to 14.5 cm; petiole up

to 1.2 cm. long. Bark of twigs not

flaking. Perianth puberulous out-

side. Staminal disc triangular with

the anthers touching each other.

Fruit ellipsoid; stalk 1-1.3 cm.

long (6) curtisii and vars

p. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, not ellip-

tic nor widest at the midd’e, length

12-25 cm; petiole 1.5-25 cm

long. Bark of twigs occasionally

156

Vol. XVII. (1961).

flaking in the oldest parts. Perianth

nearly glabrous outside. Staminal

disc circular with well-spaced

anthers. Fruit obovoid, sessile or

almost sessile; stalk 3-5 mm. long

(24) K. membranifolia

o, Fruit rusty-tomentose, not ridged on the

suture. Anthers 12; staminal disc cir-

cular, convex or mammillate. Bracteole

at base of perianth (36) K. uliginosa

n. Twigs glabrous or not, but not pale straw-

coloured, striate or striate in parts. Leaves

usually drying some shade of brown but

sometimes greenish or greenish-brown

q. Male pedicels 5 mm. long and over,

female more than 2 mm. long. Anthers

10 and over, sessile or stalked. Fruit

variously shaped

r. Twigs reddish-brown and _ nearly

smooth for some distance down,

often striate in the old portions

(sometimes smooth). Leaves reti-

culate, mostly with scalariform

reticulations on both surfaces.

Bracteoles at base of flower.

Anthers 10-15, sessile. Stigma

with 8—10 lobes

s. Male pedicels 5 mm-—1 cm..

long. Staminal disc convex or

mammillate, connectives not

produced beyond the apices

of the anthers. Fruit densely

covered with short, 0.5 mm.

long tomentum

t. Twigs mostly — reddish-

brown, greyish in the

older parts. Reticulations

of leaves close and dis-

tinct above. Flower buds

not depressed in the cen-

tre when dry. Male pedi-

cels 8 mm.—1 cm. long.

Fruit ellipsoid, 3-4 cm.

157

Gardens Bulletin, S.

long and 1.8-2.2 cm.

broad, covered with rusty-

stellate scurf which rubs.

off, stalk 8 mm.—1.2 cm.

long

(14) K. intermedia

t. Twigs reddish-brown (or

not) at the extreme apex

only, pale greyish lower

down in the younger and

older parts. Reticulations.

of leaves less dense or dis-

tinct above. Flower buds

often depressed in the

centre when dry. Male

pedicels 5-6 mm. long. :

Fruit sub-globose or

slightly obovoid, 1.8 cm.

long and 1.5 cm. broad,

rusty-tomentose, stalk 4

mm. long

(36) K. uliginosa

s. Male pedicels 1.5—2 cm. long.

Staminal disc concave, con-

nectives produced beyond the

apices of the anthers on de-

hiscing. Fruit sparsely cover-

ed with 3 mm. long, shining,

rusty-brown hairs

(32) K. rufa

r. Twigs reddish brown, greyish or

greyish with black patches here

and there, generally more distinctly

striate, sometimes strongly so. Re-

ticulations prominent or faint.

Bracteole normally median but in

some varieties of cinerea above

the middle or even at the base of

the perianth (especially in imma-

ture flowers). Anthers stalked or

shortly stalked, 7-17. Stigma lobes.

fewer, bifid and then each lobe

again shortly bifid

158

Vol. XVII. (1961).

u. Twigs reddish-brown, coarsely

striate up to the apex. Leaves

elliptic, drying greenish or

yellowish-green above, rigidly

coriaceous, nerves 7—14 pairs

(except in var. surigaoensis);

reticulations forming a dense

network, very prominent and

raised on both surfaces. Fruit

ellipsoid, less often sub-glo-

bose, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.5

cm. broad; stalk 1.5—1.8 cm.

long (17) K. kunstleri

u. Twigs reddish-brown or greyish

with black patches, not always

_ so coarsely striate at the apex.

159

Leaves not elliptic, mostly

lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate

or oblong, drying greenish or

a rich brown above, mem-

branous or coriaceous; nerves

14—25 pairs; reticulations less

prominent,. sometimes faint

. above in some varieties of

cinerea. Fruit of various

shapes, sub-globose, oblong,

ovoid, or obovoid, in a range

of 1.5—4.5 cm. long and 1—2.5

cm. broad; stalk 5 mm.—1.3:

cm. long

v. Twigs reddish-brown.

Leaves membranous,

greenish-brown with a

blackish tinge above;

reticulations fine on both

surfaces. Male pedicels

1.3-1.5 cm. long. Stam-

inal disc flat. Fruit obo-

void, 1.2—1.7 cm. long

and 1-1.3 cm. broad;

stalk slender, 8 mm.—1.5

cm. long

Gardens Bulletin,S.

(3) K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata

v. Twigs greyish or greyish

with black patches here

and there (some brownish-

black patches in var.

cordata). Leaves mostly

coriaceous or _ thinly

coriaceous, drying brown-

ish or greenish above;

reticulations faint or

sometimes scarcely visible

above but quite distinct

in var. andamanica and

var. cordata. Male pedi-

cels shorter, usually 5

mm—l cm. long (3-4

mm. in var. rubens).

Staminal disc slightly con-

vex. Fruit mostly oblong

but also sub-globose (see

under vars for shapes and

sizes

(3) K. cinerea and its vars

q. Male pedicels very short, 2-5 mm. long,

female 1.5 mm. long or flowers sessile.

Anthers fewer, 6—10, shortly stalked

(sessile in muscosa). Fruit oblong or

obovoid

w. Nerves oblique, 16-20 pairs, raised

and very distinct above. Fruit

oblong, very strongly ridged along

the line of suture, 3.5—4 cm. long

and 2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5—8 mm.

long (15) K. kinabaluensis

w. Nerves less oblique, 10-20 pairs,

visible above and raised but less

distinct. Fruit obovoid, not ridged

along the line of suture, smaller,

1.8-2 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm.

broad; stalk 7 mm—1.5 cm. long

x. Leaves lanceolate, 7-15 cm.

long and 2—3.5 cm. broad, not

covered with rusty scales be-

neath; nerves 10-12 pairs;

~-160

Vol. XVII. (1961).

reticulations very prominent

above; petioles very shortly

tomentulose but also sparsely

long hairs. Perianth densely

covered with erect, 0.5 mm.

rusty-tomentose with 1 mm.

long, stellate and dendroid

hairs. Fruit stalk 7 mm. long

(25) K. muscosa

x. Leaves oblong to lanceolate,

6—25 cm. long and 3-7 cm.

broad, average breadth 5 cm.,

lower surface covered with

rusty stellate scales when

young; nerves 17-20 pairs;

reticulations prominent above,

petioles very shortly tomen-

tulose becoming’ glabrous.

Perianth very shortly tomen-

tulose outside. Fruit stalk

1-1.5 cm. long

(4) K. communis

KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF KNEMA CINEREA IN

BORNEO

a, Leaves not cordate at the base, length usually 10-24 cm,

rarely or not exceeding 28 cm., drying greenish or brownish

above. Twigs 1-3 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for

at least 10 cm.

b. Leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, 4-10 cm. broad,

average S—7 cm. (variable in size), drying generally

greenish, less often brown, glaucous beneath; reticula-

tions of the upper surface often visible but fine and not

very prominent. Anthers 12—17, average 14. Fruit oblong

or ellipsoid, puberulous, becoming glabrous, blackish or

blackish-brown when dry, 2.5-4.5 cm. long and 1-2.5

cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long var. Sumatrana

b. Leaves oblong-'anceolate or narrowly lanceolate, usually

not so wide, 3—7.5 cm. broad, drying a rich brown abvuve,

glaucous or brownish beneath; reticulations of the upper

surface indistinct or invisible. Anthers-7—13. Fruit oblong

or sub-globose, 1.3—2.2 cm. long and 1.5—1.7 cm. broad;

stalks 3-7 mm. long except in f. longipedicellata

161-

Gardens Bulletin, S.

¢. Leaves narrow, 3—5 cm. broad and with nearly parallel

sides, bluntly acute at the apex, midrib raised above,

reddish-brown and shining beneath; nerves oblique.

Twigs slender, 1-2 mm. thick from the apex to

some 10 cm. downwards, also minutely light-brown

puberulous on that interval. Anthers 7-12. Male

pedicels 3—4 mm. long. Fruit oblong, 2—2.2 cm. long

and 1.5—1.7 cm. broad; stalk 3-5 mm. long and

3 mm. thick var. rubens

c. Leaves slightly broader, 3—7.5 cm. broad, sides not

parallel, generally obtuse at the apex but sometimes

also acute on the same specimen, midrib lying in a

groove above, nerves nearly horizontal, leaving the

midrib at an angle of 70° to nearly 90°. Twigs

thicker, 3 mm. thick at the apex and the tomentum

confined to the apex and not extending down the

twig as far as 10 cm. Anthers 10-13. Male pedicels

longer. Fruit sub-globose to slightly obovoid, 1.3

cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk 7 mm.—1.5 cm.

long and 1 mm. thick

var. patentinervia and its forms

d. Flowering pedicels (male) 5 mm —1 cm. long;

fruiting pedicels 7 mm. long. Leaves coriaceous,

up to 23 cm. long, nerves 15-25 pairs, pro-

minent beneath, reticulations faint beneath

f. patentinervia

d. Flowering pedicels (male) 1.3-1:5 cm. long;

fruiting pedicels 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long. Leaves

chartaceous, thinner, up to 16 cm. long, nerves

10—16-(22) pairs, fainter beneath, reticulations

also fainter. Confined to Borneo

f. longipedicellata

a. Leaves cordate at the base, length 21-36 cm., drying brownish

above. Twigs 5 mm. thick at the apex and downwards for at

least 10 cm. var. cordata

SYSTEMATIC PART

(1) Knema ashtonii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 1.

Propter antheras stipitatas, bracteolam basi perianthii positam,

fructum magnum, folia magna sub-cordata subtus cinnamomeo-

squamosa, haec species K. retusae proxima. Floribus minoribus,

antheris paucioribus, disco staminali convexo, fructibus obtusis

{non apiculatis), nervis foliorum pluribus et inter se propioribus,

reticulationibus magis distinctis K. ashtonii tamen differt.

162

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 1. Knema ashtonii J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, apex of twig showing angles.

C, male flower enlarged. D—-E, staminal column. F, immature female

flower. G, ovary and stigma. H, fruit. I, scales from lower surface of

leaf. A, C, D, E and I from Jaheri 611 (BO). B from Ashton

BRUN 202 (SING). F and G from Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN

17386 (SING isotype). H from Endert 4775 (BO).

163

Gardens Bulletin, S..

Arbor 12-18 m. alta, radicibus adventivis praedita. Cortex

levis ochraceus. Ramuli apice 4-5 mm. crassi, angulati, minute

ferrugineo-squamosi vel tomentelli, infra teretes griseo-brunnei,

vix striati. Folia chartacea, oblongo-obovata, supra glabra, subtus

squamis cinnamomeis tecta, deinde glabra, nervis cinnamomeis

‘costaque exceptis, albo-grisea, apice rotundata, obtusa vel breviter

apiculata, basi rotundata vel sub-cordata, 30-42 cm. longa, 8-14

cm. lata; costa utrinque prominens; nervi 22—35-jugati, obliqui,

paralleli, supra distincti, subtus valde prominentes; venulae dis-

tinctae et dense reticulatae; petioli 1-2.5 cm. longi, tomentelli.

Flores masculi numerosi ex pedunculis lignosis 5 mm.—1 cm.

longis umbellatim orti; perian.hium ferrugineo-tomentosum, in

alabastro 5 mm. longum ac 6 mm. in diam., dein apertum 9 mm.—

1 cm. latum, in lobos usque ad ? fissum; pedicelli 1.5—1.8 cm. longi,

graciles, apice minute bracteolati; discus staminalis convexus

cum 11-13 antheris breviter stipitatis coronatus. Flores feminei

(immaturi) oblongi, 5 mm. longi; pedicelli 5-6 mm. longi, apice

bracteolati; ovarium ferrugineo-tomentosum; 2-3 mm. longum;

stylus brevis in stigma bi-lobatum terminatus; lobi stigmatis etiam

minute bi-lobati. Fructus obovoideus, fusco-brunneus, tomentellus,

5-7 cm. longus, 3 cm. latus, apice obtusus, pericarpio 4 mm.

crasso; stipes 5 mm.—l1 cm. longus, 6 mm. crassus.

Tree 12-18 m. high with some stilt roots. Bark smooth, ochre.

Twigs minutely rusty-scaly or tomentulose, angled and 4-5 mm.

thick at the apex, lower down, greyish-brown, terete, scarcely

striate. Leaves chartaceous, oblong-obovate, medium green, glossy

and glabrous above, covered with cinnamon-coloured scales be-

neath, later glabrous and greyish-white except for the cinnamon-

brown nerves and midrib, apex rounded and shortly apiculate, less

often obtuse, base rounded or sub-cordate; midrib prominent on

both surfaces, nerves 22-35 pairs, oblique, parallel, distinct above,

very prominent beneath, 1-1.5 cm. apart; reticulations forming a

dense close network on both surfaces; length 30-42 cm.; breadth

18-14 cm.; petiole 1-2.5 cm. long. Male flowers numerous, arising

in umbels from <tout, woody, 5 mm.—!1 cm. long p:duncles; perianth

rusty-tomen ose, 5 mm. long and 6 mm. in diam. in bud, 9 mm.-l :

cm. across when expanded, split down to # of its length into the

lobes; pedicels 1.5-1.8 cm. long, slender, with a minute bracteole

at the avex; staminal disc convex with 11-13, shortly stalked

anthers. Female flowers (immature), oblong, 5 mm. long; pedicels

5—6 mm. long with the braz‘eole at the apex; ovary rusty-tomentose,

2-3 mm. long; a short style present terminating in a bi-lobed stigma,

164 :

Vol. XVII, (1961).

each lobe again minutely bi-lobed. Fruit obovoid, dark brown-

tomentulose, 5-7 cm. long and 3 cm. broad, obtuse at the apex,

pericarp wall 4 mm. thick; stalk 5 mm.—1 cm. long and 6 mm.

thick.

MALAY |

PENINSULA SELANGOR: 15th mile Pahang Track, Ridley 8504

(CAL, SING).

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Sungei Sabal Tapang, Sabal F.R., Serian,

Nahar SAR 12697 (SAR, SING); Sin-

clair Nos. 10271 (E, K, L, NY, SAR,

SING) and 10275 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR,

SING).

BRUNEI: Sungei Temburong, 1 mile above Kuala

Belalong, Ashton, Smythies & Wood

SAN 17386 (BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING)

& 17387 (SAN, L, SING); Kuala Bela-

long, Ashton BRUN 5202 (BRUN, L,

SAR, SING).

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST *

BORNEO: Bukit Milie or Milier = (Miller Range),

Amdjah 170 (BO, SING); Sungei

Moegne, (Exp. Nieuwenhius) Jaheri 611

(BO, SING); No. 24 L. Iboet, West

Kutei, Endert 4775 (BO, L).

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO: Ulu Lukutan, 8 mls E.N.E. of Sipitang,

Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4582 (KEP, L,

SAN, SING). :

DISTRIBUTION: Malay. Peninsula and Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17386

~(BRUN, K holotype, L, SAN, SING)

other duplicates of this, not seen by me,

have been distributed to A, BO, BRI &

KEP.

This species has been named in honour of P. S. Ashton former-

ly of the forest service in Brunei. It usually grows by the banks

of streams. The distinguishing features are the rusty-brown-scaly,

angled, young twigs, the large leaves, often cordate at the base,

their cinnamon-brown and later white under-surface, the dense

reticulations on both surfaces, the bracteole at the base of the

flower, the stalked anthers, and the large fruit.

Ridley 8504 from Selangor was placed by Gamble in oblongi-

folia to which it has some alliance. I mentioned it only in List of

Collectors [Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 16 (1958)] as probably

K. glaucescens var. cordata but at that time I had not seen the

Bornean material. It has some superficial resemblance to K. cinerea

var. cordata especially in the leaves but the fruit is much larger

and on a thick, short stalk. The nearest ally seems to be K. retusa.

165

Gardens Bulletin, S.

The tomentum consists of minute, cinnamon-brown scales on the

lower surface of the leaf and if this is rubbed off, the dense greyish-

white reticulations can be seen. The cinnamon colour of the tomen-

tum tends to disappear on drying. This tomentum of K. ashtonii

also resembles that of K. elmeri but the leaves of that species are

smaller and neither rounded nor cordate at the base.

(2) Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897)

590 incl. var. latifrons Warp. 1|.c. 591; Gamble, Fl. Presid. Madras

22 '1.£ 1925) 12 16:

Basionym: Myristica attenuata Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 157

(Wall. Cat. 6791 nom. nudum); A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205;

Dalz. et Gibs. Bomb. Fl. (1861) 4; Beddome, Fl. Sylv. 2

(1872) t.271; Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110; King in Ann.

Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 316 pl. 152; Talbot, Syst. List

Trees, Shrubs etc. Bombay Presid. (1894) 165 et ed. 2 (1902).

281; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. Presid. 2 (1906) 531.

Synonyms: M. amygdalina Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. (1839) 175

non Wall..M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu Beddome, FI..

Sylv. 2 (1872) 271 pl. 271—Fig. 2.

Tall tree with flaking bark; sap red, copious. Twigs slender,

rusty-furfuraceous-tomentose at the apex, often blackish-brown

just below the apex, finely striate lower down. Leaves chartaceous

or thinly coriaceous, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, glossy

and glabrous above and drying olive-green, glaucous and glabrous

beneath, except in very young leaves, apex acute or acuminate,

base cuneate, rarely rounded; nerves 12-18 pairs, raised on both

surfaces, curving and gradually ascending, interarching at the

margins; reticulations fine but distinct above, forming a close net-

work, less distinct below; length 13-32 cm., average 18 cm.;

breadth 4.5-11 cm., average 6 cm.; petiole 1—-1.5 cm. long. Male

inflorescence an umbel at the end of a short, 4 mm. long, slender,

woody peduncle. Male flowers sub-campanulate or obovoid,

trigonous and 4-5 mm. long in bud, rusty-lanose outside with 0.5

mm. long dendroid-like hairs resembling tiny moss plants, glabrous

inside with striate, coriaceous lobes which reach down to 4 the

length of the whole perianth; pedicels also lanose, 4-7 mm. long

with the bracteole at the base of the flower, occasionally above

the middle of the pedicel; staminal disc flat or slightly concave

with a short, striate stipe and 9-13 (usually 13) sessile, slightly

erect anthers. Female flowers fewer, cylindric or narrowly ovoid,

sessile or sub-sessile; ovary ovoid, densely tomentose; a short bifid

166

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig.

2. Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. _

staminal column. D, female flowers. E, ovary, style and stigmas.

F, fruit. G, hairs from male flowers. A-C and G from Bor 9387

(DD). D and E after King. F from Bor 11554 (DD).

167

Gardens Bulletin, S.

style present, each lobe again bifid. Fruit oblong or ellipsoid,

terminating in a short apiculus, thin-walled, rusty-furfuraceous-

tomentose at first, later nearly glabrous, 3 cm. long and 1.6 cm.

broad, stalk 7 mm.—1 cm. long, slender with a small collar at the

base of the fruit. Ari] crimson, very thin.

PENINSULAR

INDIA s.L.: Johnson s.n. Herb. Cleghorn (E).

BOMBAY: S.1., Hooker, date 1849 (CAL); Khandala,

Duke’s Nose Ravine, Santapau 1316 (K);

Khandala, Meroli Plakar, Santapau

1979 (K); Kodkani, Bor 11180 (DD);

the following six Concan:—Herb. Hey-

neanum 6423a (BR) and s.n. (BR);

Law s.n. (Herb. Hk. f. et Th.) (A, K,

P); Dalzell s.n. (K); Dalzell, date 1878

(DD); Wari Jungle, Dalzell s.n. (CAL,

K); the remainder North Kanara:—

Yellapur, Dharwa, Patil 2537 (DD);

and Sedgwick & Bell 6059 (CAL);

Arbaie Ghat, Sedgwick 3169 (CAL);

Devimane Ghat, Bor 11554 (DD) and

Talbot 32 (CAL); N. Kanara, s.l., Talbot

Nos. 41 (PDA) and 108 (CAL); Na-

yoor, Talbot 272 (CAL); Mavirimone,

Talbot 273 (CAL, E, K) as var. lati-

frons; Karwur, Talbot 582 (CAL);

North Kanara, Talbot s.n. (DD).

MYSORE: Raans Somb., Brandis s.n. (DD); the fol-

lowing three South Kanara:—Beddome

s.n. (BM) as K. neglecta Warb. ined.;

Pilar, Fischer 4545 (CAL); Jimdiar,

Meebold 8568 (CAL); the remainder

Coorg:—Kerti, Camp 2, Laurie, 22nd

Jan., 1940 (DD, K); Makut, Bor Nos.

8780 (DD); 9387 (DD) and 9391 (DD)

and Laurie 5474 (DD).

KERALA: The following four Malabar:—Wight Nos.

869 (E) and 2490 (CAL); Shola Forest,

Carcoor Ghat, Brandis s.n. (DD); Silent

Valley, Khan M.S.A. 41 (DD); the re-

mainder Travancore:—Beddome 103

(PDA); Bourdillon Nos. 431 (K) and

432 (K); Calder & Ramaswami 1588

(CAL); Achenkovil, Calder & Rama-

swami 403 (CAL); Tennalai, Calder

1460 (CAL); the last three Colatoor-

polay, Tranvancore:—Bourdillon 505

(DD); Lawson 93 (CAL) and Lawson

26th Nov., 1893 (K).

MADRAS: S.1., Barber 2953 (CAL); Beddome 222

(K) as M. travancorica Bedd. ined.; Bed-

dome, date 1878 (CAL); Wall. Cat.

6791 (Herb. Heyneanum) (A, G Prodr.,

K, LE, M); Wight 1075 (E); Foot of

Nilgiris, Beddome 215 (PDA); Manan-

168

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

toddy, Wynaad, Forest Economist 29160

(BM, DD); Kuttalam, (Courtallam)

Wight Nos. 783 (E); 2484 (M) and

2486 (A, C, CAL, K, L, LE, P); Ana-

mallay near Coimbratore, Wight 2487

(L, LE, M); Kannikatty, Tinnevelly,

Barber Nos. 2940 (CAL, K); 31/21

(CAL) and 5671] (K); Tinnevelly Hills,

Beddome, date 1867 (PDA).

DISTRIBUTION: Peninsular India as above.

TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica attenuata Hk. f. et Th., Wall.

Cat. 6791 (A, G Prodr., K holotype,

LE, M). Knema attenuata (Hk. f. et

Th.) Warb. var. latifrons Warb., Ka-

nara, Beddome’s numbers (B holotype

burnt, K). M. amygdalina Grah., Wari

Jungle, Dalzell (CAL, K).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Chora panu (Malabar); chora_ patthiri

(Tamil); rukt-maru (Kanara).

This species is very close to K. globularia in many details,

especially in the appearance of the twigs and the leaves (the same

colour on drying), the structure of the flower (anthers about the

same in number and sessile) and in the fruit. The distribution is

entirely different, this species being confined to the moist, shady

valleys of the west side of Peninsular India. It differs in the longer

and broader leaves, which are elliptic-oblong or elliptic-lanceolate

in shape, not lanceolate nor oblong-lanceolate, the reticulations

more distinct above, the longer male pedicels, the longer and

slightly denser tomentum of the flowers and in the larger but

similar type of fruit. I do not consider var. latifrons as distinct

since the leaves vary somewhat in breadth from 4.5—11 cm. on the

same plant, the average being 6 cm. broad, but always somewhat

elliptic and broadest at the middle.

{3) Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 611

t. 25 f. 1-2 (excl. sp. Philip. Warburg 13304 = K. glomerata).

Basionym: Myristica cinerea Poir. Dict. Encycl. Suppl. 4

(1816) 35 (non Wilkes = K. korthalsii); Spreng. Syst. 3 (1826)

65; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 207; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858)

12,

Synonyms: M. peltata Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 846; A.DC.

Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 207; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 72—-syn.

nov. M. caesia Zipp. ex Spanoghe, Linnaea 15 (1841) 346 [Icon.

15] nom. nudum. K. peltata (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.

(1897) 599—syn. nov.

169°

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. cinerea—Fig. 3 A-G.

Trees 10-12 m. high. Twigs minutely pale brown-puberulous

and slender (2 mm. thick) at the apex, glabrous, striate and thicker,

(3 mm. thick) lower down. Leaves membranous or chartaceous,

glabrous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, olive-green and

glossy above when dry, cinereous beneath with pale brown midrib

and nerves; apex acute or shortly acuminate, rarely obtuse, base

acute, sub-cuneate or occasionally rounded; nerves 12—18 (average

15) pairs, fine and raised on both surfaces, oblique or leaving the

midrib at an angle of 70°, curving slightly and interarching at the

margins; reticulations scalariform, usually obscure or invisible

above but visible in thin leaves, fine beneath; length 12~—28 cm.;

breadth 4.5-8.5 cm.; petiole 1.5 cm. long, slender, scroll-like or

tubular, being involute, almost closed except for the groove on

the upper surface. Male flowers on simple or bifurcate, 5—6 mm.

long, woody tubercles, pale to medium brown-tomentulose and

5 mm. in diam. in bud, 8 mm. across when expanded, split to the

base by the thick lobes; pedicels 5 mm.—1 cm. long, striate

longitudinally with a minute bracteole at the middle or usually a

little above the middle; staminal disc with a very short stipe,

circular in outline, slightly convex due to three ridges which meet

at its centre; anthers 11-14, average 13, well-spaced, obtuse, short-

ly stalked. Female flowers 5—6 mm. long, cylindrical or oblong,

split down half-way by the lobes; pedicels 7 mm.—1.4 cm. long

with the bracteole above the middle or a short distance below the

perianth; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, the short style ending in a

bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed. Fruit solitary, brick-

coloured, tomentulose, sub-globose or slightly obovoid with the

remains of the style at the obtuse apex, 1.5 cm. long and 1.2 cm.

broad on a slender, 1 mm. thick and 7 mm. long stalk, pericarp

very thin, about 0.5 mm. thick. Seed pale brown, filling the carpel.

LESSER SUNDA

ISLANDS LoMBOK: Sapit, Rindjani Volcanic Range, Elbert

1950 (A, BO, CANB, K, L, PNH);

Sewela, de Voogd 1640 (A, BO, L).

SUMBAWA: Ro Mts, Sultanat Bima, Elbert 3812 (A,

Le,

FLORES: Wailako, 6b14356 (BO, L); Mborong,

Rensch 1466 (BO).

TANIMBAR

ISLANDS

(TIMOR

LAUT): Pulau Jamdena:—forest near rest house

between Ilgnei and Otimmer, Buwalda

4158 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Lurum-

bu, Buwalda 4801 (BO, K, L) and

bb24426 = Buwalda 207 (A, BO, L,

SING); Ilgnei, bb24279 (BO, K, L,

SING).

170,

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 3. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. vars. cinerea and sumatrana (Mia.}

J. Sinclair.

A, twig of var. cinerea with leaves and male flowers. B—C, the same

with male flowers enlarged. D—-F, the same, female flowers. G, the

same, fruit. H, fruit of K. cinerea var. sumatrana for comparison.

A-—C from Hulstijn 368 (BO). D—F from bb5430 (L). G from

Teijsmann 12187 (L). H from Ridley 3873 (SING).

171

Gardens Bulletin, S.

CELEBES NortTu

PENINSULA: Winawangan, 4 km east of Manado, Alston

16205 (BM); Pingsam, Kajuwatu, Mina-

hassa, Koorders Nos. 17498 (BO, K, L)

and /8130 (BO); Manado, Koorders

Nos. 18134 (BO) and 18135 (BO, L, P);

Boeha, Koorders 18140 (BO); Rahaan,

Manado, Riedel 5698 (BO, PDA, U).

CENTRAL

CELEBES: Tapalaeng, Noerkas 447 (BO, L, SING);.

Tjempaga, Rachmat 160 (BO, L, SING).

SOUTH-WEST |

PENINSULA: Bantimurung and vicinity, Buwalda 3804

(A, BO, K, L, PNH); Pangkadjene,

Teijsmann Nos. 11733 (BO, L, SING);

12187 (BO, L, SING) and 12226 (BO);.

Fienjoh, Baleh Angien, Teijsmann 12555

(BO, L, SING); Bonthain, Cel 1/2 (BO).

SOUTH-EAST

PENINSULA: Latoma, Kjellberg 1131 (BO, S).

PULAU

KABENA: Eempuhu, Landschaft Balo, Elbert 3396

(A, BO, CANB, K, L, PNH).

PULAU

Muna: Lambico, bb5429 (BO, L, SING) and

bb5430 (BO, L, SING).

- PULAU

BUTON: Labillardiére s.n. (BM, FI, G and Prodr.,

K, P).

MOLUCCAS SuLa

IsLANDs: P. Taliabu, Djiko Kamaja, (Atje) Hulstijn

368 (BO, L, SING); Sanana, Sula Bisfi,.

Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

BANDA: Cult. Hort. Calc. ex Banda, Roxburgh,

date 1802 (BR).

DISTRIBUTION: Lesser Sunda Islands, Celebes and Moluc-

cas.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. cinerea Poir., Labillardiére s.n. (BM,

FI, G and Prodr., K, P holotype). M.

peltata Roxb., Hort. Calc. ex Banda,

Roxburgh date 1802 (BR).

VERNACULAR NAME: Kala (Makassar, Celebes).

Knema cinerea (Poiret) Warb. was hitherto known only from

the single collection in fruit of Labillardi¢re from Pulau Buton.

This type material, although distributed in several herbaria, is

rather meagre and scrappy. A large amount of material both in

‘flower. and fruit of the same species was subsequently collected in

Celebes by Koorders and Teijsmann, but no one seems to have

~been aware that this material was identical with cinerea. The bulk

‘of it is mostly unnamed, but some of Koorders’s sheets bear the

-name M. glauca. It has also been given various other wrong names.

I saw that this material was very close to K. (glauca) glaucescens

Jack and had intended to describe it as a variety of glaucescens,

the main distinguishing difference being the small, sub-globose or

‘192

Vol. XVII. (1961).

slightly obovoid fruits on slender pedicels. At the time, when I

completed the account of the Malayan Myristicaceae, I also must

confess that I failed to connect this material with cinerea since I

had no type material of cinerea available for comparison at Singa-

pore.

K. cinerea (Poiret) Warb. has priority over the later K. glauces-

cens Jack, and is the oldest of the several binomials for the well-

known and widely distributed K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. The varieties

of K. glaucescens described by me in my revision of the Malayan

species have now to be transferred to the position of varieties under

K. cinerea var. cinerea. The former circumscription, K. glaucescens

var. glaucescens, was the correct name in my first paper for the

commonest form of glauca. Its rank is now altered to that of a

variety under K. cinerea. Although being the oldest binomial, for

the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Java plant, the name glauces-

cens unfortunately according to the rules cannot now be used but

has to be rejected for the earliest trinomial (if any) even if that

trinomial is later than the binomial. The earliest trinomial is M.

glauca var. sumatrana (Bl.) Miq. (1852) so the correct name for

K. glaucescens Jack, whether we like it or not, becomes K. cinerea

var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair. Had there been no trinomials the

name glaucescens would have stood as a variety under cinerea.

Apart from the best distinguishing character, the small sub-

globose fruit on slender pedicels, already mentioned, K. cinerea

var. cinerea differs from var. sumatrana in having the upper surface

of the leaf more glossy with the reticulations very faint or almost

invisible. The reticulations, however, may be quite distinct in thin

leaves so this character is not always reliable.

Labillardiére as mentioned above, collected K. cinerea (Poir.)

Warb. (=M. cinerea Poir.) type at Pulau Buton, and in his “Reise

nach dem Siidmeere” he identifies it as Myristica uviformis Lamk.

I have seen the type of M. uviformis Lamk. in Paris in Lamarck’s

Herbarium and the specimen belongs to Aporosa (Euphorbiaceae)

and not to Myristicaceae. The references for M. uviformis Lamk

are: — M. uviformis Lamk, Act. Paris (1788) 166 et Lamk, Encycl.

4 (1797) 391.

Warburg notes on page 612 of his monograph that Knema

cinerea may be the same as M. microcarpa Willd., after seeing the

name M. microcarpa written on the British Museum isotype of

K. cinerea from Pulau Buton collected by Labillardiére. Unfor-

tunately there is no type specimen of M. microcarpa Willd. pre-

served at Berlin in the Willdenow collection. Willdenow published

his species M. microcarpa in Roem. et Usteri, Mag. Bot. 3, 9 (1790)

27 and also refers to it in Sp. Plant. 4, 2 (1806) 871 where he

again describes it as “fructuum racemis ramosis”. From. this

173

Gardens Bulletin, S.

description it can never be a Knema so his name M. microcarpa

does not upset the validity or priority of K. cinerea (Poir.) Warb.

He quotes as a synonym M. uviformis Lamk and refers this to tab.

7 in Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 1 (1750) 27. Lamarck in Encycl. 4

(1797) 391 placed his microcarpa with doubt under M. uviformis.

Merrill in “An _ Interpretation of Rumphius’s Herbarium

Amboinense (1917) 231 regards this plate as a Horsfieldia species,

the M. tingens of BIl., and states that nothing in our Amboina

collections can be referred to this plate. The plate does show many

fruits in racemes so thus cannot be a Knema. The fruit with its

scars of fallen bracteoles and persistent calyx resembles that of an

Aporosa, but there is doubt that it represents an Aporosa at all,

as the fruit apex, there depicted, is not correct for Aporosa. In

fact it is doubtful also whether the plate represents any member

of the Myristicaceae. Willdenow describes two varieties of M.

microcarpa in Sp. Plant 4, 2 (1806) 871 and refers them to tab. 8

and 9 of Rumphius. Under Hosrfieldia (yet to be published) I shall

give both Merrill’s and my own opinion of what these may re-

present.

var. andamanica (Warb.) Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Knema glauca Bl. var. andamanica Warb. Monog.

Myrist. (1897) 596.

Synonyms: M. angustifolia Roxb. FI. Ind. 3 (1832) 847 et Icones

Roxb., Kew, ined. No. 2572—syn. nov. M. corticosa (Lour.)

Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 158 quoad sp. Tenasserim pro

parte, Chittagong et Roxburgh s.n. (= K. angustifolia (Roxb.)

Warb. tantum; A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 quoad sp. Roxb.

tantum; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 quoad sp. Roxb. tan-

tum; Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 284. M. gibbosa Hk. f.

et Th. FI. Ind. (1855) 158; A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; Hk. f.

Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3

(1891) 321 pl. 159; Kanjilal & Das, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 46—syn.

nov. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886)

111 quoad sp. andamanica et Roxb. tantum; Parkinson, For. FI.

Andaman Islands (1923) 223. M. glauca Bl., King in Ann. Roy.

Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 320 pl. 157 quoad sp. andamanica,

burmanica et et nicobarica tantum; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal

62, 2 (1893) 74. K. angustifolia (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.

(1897) 561—syn. nov. Knema glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. nicobarica

Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 596 pro parte quoad King 536

(altera pars=K. laurina)}—syn. nov. K. lenta Pierre ex Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 584 (M. lenta Pierre Msc.); Lecomte Not.

Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et Fl. Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5, 2 (1914)

104—-syn. nov.—Fig. 4.

174

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Pe a

- tN / oN

c / ‘ °

oe j “a i ‘

aa E s G on ee /

= we

> f Wii LY AMY LY LAE

AOS MU Mi YH IY

ii, Ley aT

a7 - f

CG ANE

ray J

a anu Hy Yo

ti a), Oa win By, Lk

ef uda U ay far ‘ \ \

Ai i i '

“~~ *\ -—

SAO Qa S

al ee \\\

. ou

Fig. 4. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. andamanica (Warb.) J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B—C, male flowers enlarged. D,

same as A but showing older portion of twig. E—-F, female flowers.

G, fruit. H, seed. A-D from Maung Ba Pe 12909 (DD). E-F from

Po Khant 13230 (DD). G-H from V.S. Rao 5727 (DD).

175

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark dark grey, peeling off in thin flakes;

sap red, copious. Twigs rusty-tomentulose at the extreme apex,

then blackish brown and finely striate, coarsely striate lower down.

Leaves narrow-oblong-lanceolate, less often oblong, base acute,

apex acute or sometimes bluntly acuminate, dark green and shining

above, glaucous beneath; nerves 18—24 pairs, fine above, distinct

beneath, midrib raised on both surfaces but the tower part on the

upper surface lying in a groove which broadens out towards the

petiole; reticulations distinct on both surfaces and forming a close

network; length 12—20-(25) cm.; breadth 2.5-5 cm., but in some

forms 5-10 cm. broad. Male peduncles 5 mm.—1 cm. long with

scars of previous pedicels. Male perianth globose-triquetrous and

5 mm. long in bud, 8 mm. across when expanded, rusty-tomentose

or tomentulose with very minute, dendroid hairs outside, glabrous

and orange yellow or pale pink inside, thick and split half way or

more into the lobes; pedicels striate, 7-9 mm. long with a minute,

obtuse bracteole at the middle or rarely at the base of the perianth;

staminal disc flat with 10—13 stalked anthers, its stalk striate, 2

mm. long. Female flowers oblong to clavate or turbinate, 6-7 mm.

long on 5—6 mm. long pedicels with a median bracteole, split down

half-way into the lobes; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 2 mm. in

diam.; short style present ending in a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe

again divided into 3-4 lobes. Fruit ellipsoid, slightly narrowed

at each end, rusty-tomentose when young with plumose hairs 1

mm. long, later almost glabrous, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.3-1.5 cm.

broad; stalk slender, 5 mm. long. Aril blood-red. .

INDIA BENGAL: Western Duars, North Bengal, Gamble

Nos. 2306A (K) and 2307A (K).

SIKKIM (EAST

HIMALAYA): Darjeeling, Gamble 2308A (K).

ASSAM: S.1., Masters, March 1846 (CAL); Khasi

(Khasia) Clarke 43779 (CAL); Hk. f.

et Th. 1082 (K) and Ak. f. et Th. s.n.

(A, BM, CAL, G Prodr., P, PDA, W)

as M. gibbosa, probably both same col-

lection; Bhuban Hill, Cachar, Kanjilal

4804 (CAL); Naga Hills, Collett 70

(CAL).

ANDAMANS: Narcodam, Prain, March 1891 (BM, BO,

CAL, G, K, L); Interview Island,

Laurie, 23rd April, 1938 (DD); Mid

Andaman, Parkinson 712 (CAL, DD);

Long Island, Kirat Ram 3658 (DD) and

Parkinson Nos. 706 (CAL, DD) and

764 (DD); North Baratang, Baker 220

(DD); Baratang, Parkinson 284 (DD,

K); Diamond Island, Prain, 30th Nov.,

1889 (CAL); the remainder South An-

daman:—s.1., Hamilton s.n. (BM); Hei-

nig 218 (CAL); King s.n. (G, K, L, LE,

176

Vol. XVI, (1961).

NICOBARS:

EAST PAKISTAN:

BURMA:

- MEL, P, SING, U); King, date 1884

(BM, BO, CAL, K, L, MEL, PDA);

ure s.n.. (CAL. G, Prodc.. K, M, P);

Tusonabad, King, 20th Aug., 1890

(CAL, PDA); Port Mouat, King, 27th

Dec., 1890 (K, L) and King, 2/st Nov.,

1891 (CAL); Balu Ghat, King, 24th

Sept., 1892 (BO, CAL);~ Dhani Kari,

King... Jan: T8932. (DER wGaAL,. UPS);

Anikhet Hill Jungle, King, 5th March,

1893 (DD, K, MEL, PDA); Hobdaypur,

King, 30th Dec., 1893 (CAL, P); Man-

pur, King, 20th. Feb., 1894 (P, CAL);

Mount Harriett, King, 19th Jan., 1895

(P); Ranga Chang, Prain 141 (DD,

SING) and April 1891 (CAL, SING).

King 536 (CAL; L, LE).

East Bengal, Griffith 4348 (A, CAL, K,

P) and Roxburgh s.n. (BM, P); the re-

“mainder Chittagong:—Cowan 1460 (E);

i} Dent-95 (DD): Wkitfrert Tess. (CA,

Bm, ©, CAL, CGE;'E;FI, G Prodr., K,

L, M, P, PDA, W) as M. corticosa; Ruo,

5727 (DD).

S.1., Brandis Nos. 392 (DD) and 692

(DD); Upper Burma, Denning Outpost,

Lohit Valley Road, 28°N, 96° 15’E,

Kingdon Ward 7913 (K); Upper Burma,

Brandis, April 1902 (K); Thaungyun,

Upper Burma, Brandis 409 (DD); Myit--

kyina, Tagwin Evergreen Forests, Par-

kinson 315 (DD); Myitkyina Hills, west

of Hopkin, Parkinson 348 (DD, K);

Bhamo, Cubit 619 (CAL); Kadu Hill,

Katha District, Lace 5093 (DD, E, K);

“Kokaung, Katha, A. Roger 806 (CAL);

Kinwa Village, Kaladan River, North

Arakan, C. G. Rogers 142. (CAL, DD);

Paungbyin Reserve, Mawlaik, R. R. Chin

252 (DD); Tharrawaddy District, Par-

kinson 630 (CAL); Pegu, Kurz 2431

(CAL, LE, P); Ngaputaw Township,

Bassein, Po Khant 2044 (DD); Pyin-

madan, Insein District, Parkinson 93

(CAL, DD); Myaukhlaing Reserve, In-

sein, Po Khant 130 (DD); Mingaladon,

Insein, Po Khant 13230 (DD); Ran-

goon, Beddome s.n. (BM) and McClel-

land s.n. (K); Rangoon, Dickason Nos.

5394 (A); 5394a (A); 5542 (A);

5585 (A); 5679 (A); 5828 (A) and

6689 (A); Rangoon, Po .Khant 981

(DD); Karen Country and Hills, Ton-

kyeghet, Pegu, Kurz 983 (CAL, FI, M);

Moulmein, Falconer s.n. (BO, DD, P);

Dwana Range, W. Amherst, Falconer

nos. 207 (CAL) and 2/0 (CAL) and

face 47/62.(DD, EF, K); Su. Kon’ Ls

177

INDO-CHINA CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM):

SOUTH

VIETNAM

(COCHIN-

CHINA):

SIAM NorRTHERN

DIVISION:

SOUTH-EASTERN

DIVISION:

SOUTH-WESTERN

DIVISION:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAMES:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Chaung, Thaungzen Division, Maung Ba

Pe 12909 (DD); Headwaters of Heinze

Chaung, Tavoy, Gage 123 (CAL);

Taepe, Tenasserim, Gallatly 837 (CAL);

Mooltar, Tenasserim, Gallatly 898

(CAL).

Mt Bana, Clemens 4191 (A, BM, G, K,

Po, OC, US).

Bao Miang, Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre 22

(BR); Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre (5) 26

(BM, BO, E, G, LE, P); Chua Chuang,

Pierre (5) 66 (K, LE, P); Baria, Dihn,

Pierre date 1/1867 (LE); Gia Ray,

Prov. Bien Hoa, Poilane 2500 (P,

SING); Me Kong, Thorel 2152 (P).

Muang Fang, Kerr 5159 (BK, BM); Chi-

engdao, Kerr 5547 (BK, BM); Ban Hue

Pa, Me Hawng Sawn, Kerr 5470 (BK,

BM); Me Rim, Chiengmai, Kerr Nos.

6446 (BK, BM, PNH) and 6447 (BK,

BM); Me Li, Lampun, Winit 265 (BM);

Che Sawn, Pa Mieng, Kerr 3122 (BM).

Khao Pra Baht, Chantabun, Lakshnakara

508 (BK, BM).

Chumpawn, Kerr 11663 (BK, BM).

India, (E. Bengal, Sikkim, Assam), E.

Pakistan (Chittagong), Andamans, Ni-

cobars, Burma, Indo-China, Siam.

Knema glauca Bl. var. andamanica Warb.,

Several syntypes, King’s collections;

Narcodam, Prain, March 1891 (BM,

BO* CAL, G, K, L); Kurz sa. (CAE,

G/’Prodr., K, M, P); Hamilton’ 3.x.

(BM). K. glauca Bl. var. nicobarica

Warb., King 536 (CAL, L, LE) tantum.

Myristica angustifolia Roxb., E. Bengal

Roxburgh s.n. (BM, P). M. gibbosa Hk.

f. et Th., Khasia, Hk. f. et Th. s.n. (A,

BM, CAL, G Prodr., P, PDA, W) the

Kew specimen is numbered 1/082. K.

lenta Warb., Prov. Bien Hoa, Pierre 26

(BM, BO, E, G, LE, P).

Japokrau§ (Burma); kywe-thway (Ran-

goon); myauk-thway (Burma); lablu

(Kachin); jhaiphal (S. Andamans); mak

muang luat; mumuang luat; ma mung

luat-noi; luat-kwai (Siam).

178

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Warburg was the first to give a name to this Knema from the

Andaman and Nicobar Islands. He recognized that the specimens

belonged to K. glauca, (now K. cinerea) but that they differed

slightly. He called those from the Andamans var. andamanica and

those from the Nicobars var. nicobarica. The Nicobar plants, how-

ever, represent two different entities. One syntype. King 536 is

identical with K. cinerea var. andamanica but the other syntype,

Kurz’s plant, is K. Jaurina. King included the Andaman and Nicobar

plants in glauca along with the Burmese, Malayan, Javanese and

Sumatran but did not give any of them a varietal name. The Java-

nese and Sumatran plants are var. sumatrana. Some of the Malayan

are also var. sumatrana, but Maingay’s numbers are var. patenti-

nervia. I have included the Burmese and the Chittagong M. corti-

cosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. as well as M. gibbosa Hk. f. et Th. from

Khasia in var. andamanica. | have also included K. lenta and other

collections from Indo-China as well as plants from Northern Siam

in var. andamanica. The flowers of K. lenta are less tomentose and

the plant is nearer to var. sumatrana. There has been great con-

fusion with regard to M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. In Flora

Indica Hooker f. and Thomson united Knema corticosa Lout.

from Cochinchina. (now K. globularia) with the Chittagong,

Burmese and Javanese plants. By doing so, they were only partly

correct in that K. globularia (K. corticosa Lour.) does occur in

South Burma at Rangoon, Tenasserim and Mergui but not in

Chittagong or East Bengal. It resembles var. andamanica when

sterile, but does not extend further north than South Burma where

the two overlap. The var. andamanica extends north to Chittagong

and Khasia in distributional range. Hooker f. and Thomson sug-

gested that M. gibbosa was similar but did not unite it with their

corticosa. In Flora British India, there is still more confusion, where

Hooker placed the Chittagong M. corticosa under M. longifolia

var. erratica and the Burmese and Andaman plants under M.

glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. as well as the Javanese and Sumatran

plants. He was of the opinion that M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. was

the same as K. glaucescens Jack. He was correct only as in regard

to the Javanese and Sumatran plants which indeed are K. glauces-

cens Jack., [now K. cinerea var. sumatrana (Miq.) Sinclair]. King’s

M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th. consists mostly of K. malayana Warb.

Warburg used the name malayana because of the confusion and

also because K. glaucescens Jack was earlier.

K. cinerea var. andamanica is closer to var. sumatrana than to

any of the other varieties. Actually the geographical separation of

the two is not so very great when we consider that the distance

from the north tip of Sumatra to the southern tip of the Nicobars

179

Gardens Bulletin, S:

is only about 125 miles. Variety andamanica differs from var.

sumatrana chiefly in the larger and more tomentose flowers, the.

longer stalk of the staminal disc and in the slightly smaller fruit

which is at first tomentose with hairs up to 1 mm. long. These hairs

are shed later and then the fruit is more like that of var. sumatrana.

The anthers are 10-13 as against 10-17 in var. sumatrana. The

leaves are generally narrower with more distinct reticulations,

being lanceolate and measuring 2.5-5 cm. in breadth as against

5—10 cm. in var. sumatrana, but in the Andamans there are also

specimens with broad leaves up to 10 cm. in width as well as ones

intermediate in size. King’s numbers (syntypes) include plants with

narrow, intermediate and broad leaves. The plants from Burma,

Chittagong and the other localities generally have narrow leaves.

The specimens with the broad leaves look very much like var.

sumatrana and more so when sterile. Parkinson stated in his

Forest Flora of the Andaman Islands, page 223, sub M. glauces-

cens, that he thought there were two varieties, one with broad

leaves and the other with narrow leaves. I have examined a lot of

material from the Andamans and I do not think that there is any

strong argument for further splitting up into varieties on account

of the intermediate leaves. I now give some measurements which

will show that splitting is unnecessary :—

cm. broad cm. broad

King s.n. leaves .. 34.5 Baker 220 leaves .. 5.8-6.5

King s.n. leaves sary 4S Parkinson 706 leaves .. 7-8

King s.n. leaves .. 45.5 Parkinson 764 leaves Tick.

Parkinson 284 leaves .. 4.3-7.5 Kirat Ram 3658 leaves .. 8-10

Sterile specimens of var. andamanica are often difficult to dis-

tinguish from those of K. globularia (K. corticosa) especially in

the areas where the two species overlap. This is probably the rea-

son why Hooker f. and Thomson included K. corticosa Lour. i.e.

K. globularia with their M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. In K.

globularia the leaves are generally thinner in texture and the petiole

longer and more slender. The twigs, too are more slender. Both can

have purplish brown patches on the twigs. At times one meets

specimens which seem almost intermediate between the two. For

instance the following from the Col des Nuages near Tourane,

altitude 900 m. are troublesome:—Poilane Nos. 7990; 8073 and

8079. They have more coriaceous leaves than those of typical

globularia and also resemble var. andamanica. The thickness of

the leaves may be due to the altitude. I have named them

globularia rather than var. andamanica. If they are indeed

globularia, then one may be justified in describing them as a

180

Vol. XVII. (1961).

variety or form of K. globularia. K. cinerea var. andamanica may

also resemble glabrous forms of K. erratica but that species

generally has more veins in the leaf and the reticulations are more

distinct. The twigs are striate at the apex and never dark purplish

brown.

‘var. cordata (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Knema glaucescens Jack var. cordata J. Sinclair

in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 310 f. 13, D.

Synonyms: Myristica pulchra Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Ludg.-

Bat. 2 (1865) 51. Knema

(1897) 600 t. 24 f. 1-2.

SUMATRA WEsT Coast:

PALEMBANG:

MALAY PENINSULA:

BORNEO SARAWAK:

BRUNEI:

WEST BORNEO:

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO:

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO:

pulchra (Miq.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.

Selungkor, Mid Sumatra, Koorders 10385

(BO).

Rawas, Grashoff 1019 (BO, L, SING).

Trengganu and Johore. For list see Gard.

Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 311.

North slopes of Mount Penrissen, M. Ja-

cobs 5030 (L, SAR) and 5100 (CANB, L,

SAR); Matang, Smythies SAR 12511

(SAR, SING); Sinclair Nos. 10339 (A,

B, E, K, L, SAR, SING) and 10341] (A,

E, SAR, SING). |

Peradayan F.R., Sow K.F.N. 80168 (K,

KEP, L, SING).

Lianggagang, Hallier Nos. 2994 (BO, L,

- SING) and 3013 (BO, L, SING, U).

G. Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Sakum-

bang, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Provang,

Korthals s.n. (L); s.1., Korthals s.n.

(CAL, U).

No. 24 L. Iboet, West Kutei, Endert 2721

(A, BO, K,'L); No. 29 L. Liah, West

Kutei, Endert 3046 (A, BO, K, L) and

West Kutei, Endert 3141] (BO); Central

Kutei, Belajan River, G. Kelopok near

Tabang, Kostermans 10415 (L); Sungei

Susuk region, E. Kutei, Kostermans 5568

(BO, K, L, PNH, SING); Sungei Menu-

bar region, E. Kutei, Kostermans Nos.

5103 (BO, L, P, PNH); 5209 (BO, K, L,

P, PNH) and 5355 (BO, K, L, P, PNH,

SING); G. Mentawir, Balikpapan region,

Kostermans 9762 (BO, K, L); Labang,

Amdjah 309 (BO, L, SING); Bukit S.

Tulit, Amdjah 696 (BO, SING, U).

181

Gardens Bulletin, S.

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Knema glaucescens var. cordata J. Sinclair,

Trengganu, Sinclair & Kiah S.F.N. 39959

(A, BM, BO, E, K, KEP, L; P; “SING

holotype). Myristica pulchra Midq.,

South Borneo, G. Sakumbang, Korthals

s.n. (L); G. Prarawin, Korthals s.n. (L)

and River Tewe, Korthals, no specimens

seen from the latter but this may be sheet

Korthals sl. (CAL, U).

var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Knema_ glaucescens Jack var. patentinervia J.

Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 308 f. 13, C.

Synonyms: M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5

(1886) 111 pro parte quoad Maingay 1280.

f. patentinervia—Fig. 5 F—-H.

SUMATRA TAPANULI: Padang Si Dimpuan, sub-division Padang

Lawas, Pulau Limau, Rahmat Si Toroes

Jie tL, UC).

PALEMBANG: Grashoff 737 (BO, L); Ananang, Buurman

v.. Vreeden Nos. 136 (BO) and 137

(BO).

BANKA: Gunong Permisan, S. Selan, Biinnemeijer

2036 (BO); Jebus, Teijsmann 3475 (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: Trengganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negri Sem-

bilan, Malacca, Johore, Singapore. For

list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 309.

New and first records for Kelantan:—

Kampong Gobek, Kerilla Estate, Mohd.

Shah & Kadim Nos. 471 (A, E, K, L,

SENG) and 520 (A, _ FE, K, EE. PNB:

SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula.

TYPE MATERIAL: Negri Sembilan, Ludin C.F. 1873 (K, KEP.

SING holotype).

f. longipedicellata J. Sinclair, f. nov.—Fig. 5A—E.

Haec forma a K. cinerea var. patentinervia f. patentinervia

foliis tenuioribus minoribus, nervis paucioribus minus distinctis,

pedicellis floriferis fructiferisque longioribus et a K. stenophylla

foliis majoribus, nervis magis distinctis, floribus majoribus.

pedicellis longioribus, antheris pluribus differt.

Folia chartacea, 5-16 cm. longa, 24.5 cm. lata, apice acuta vel

leviter acuminata, basi acuta raro rotundata: nervi 10—-16—(22)

—jugati tenues satis distincti; reticulationes utrinque quoque tenueés

+ distincti. Flores masculi 3-4 mm. in diam., intus pallido-flavidi.

antheris c. 12 obtusis stipitatis praediti; pedicelli graciles, 1.3-1.5

cm. longi, medio bracteolati. Fructus leviter obovoideus, 1.2—1.7

cm. longus, 1-1.3 cm. latus cum stipite 8 mm.—1.5cm. longo.

gracili, 1 mm. crasso.

182

a a

)

Vol. XVIM. (1961).

ney

Re Ore ae ae Be

SES

Cup AM!

De, '

Fig. 5. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. patentinervia (Sinclair) Sinclair

f. longipedicellata J. Sinclair and f. patentinervia

twig of f. longipedicellata with leaves and fruit. B, the same with

very young fruit. C, the same with male flowers. D-E, the same,

male flower and staminal column enlarged. F, leaf of f. patentinervia

for comparison. G, fruit of f. patentinervia showing thicker fruit

stalk. H, male flowers of f. patentinervia showing the shorter

pedicels. A from Clemens 21206 (A). B from Clemens 20345 (L

isotype). C_E from Purseglove 5041 (SING). F—G from Corner

S.F.N. 28649 (SING). H from Ludin C.F. 1873 (SING holotype).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 4-10 m. high. Bark greyish-reddish brown, rough with some

pustules when old but not furrowed or striate; sap red, copious.

Leaves chartaceous, dark green and glossy above, glaucous beneath

with yellowish green midrib, apex acute or slightly acuminate, base

acute, rarely rounded: veins 10—16—(22) pairs, slender but distinct;

teticulations fine on both surfaces; length 5-16 cm.; breadth 24.5

cm. Male flowers 3-4 mm. in diam., cream inside with 12 obtuse,

stalked anthers; pedicels slender, 1.3—-1.5 cm. long with a + median

bracteole. Fruit 1.2-1.7 cm. long and 1-1.3 cm. broad, slightly

obovoid, stalk 8 mm.—1.5 cm. long, slender, 1 mm. thick.

BORNEO Sarawak: Ist Division:—Matang, Beccari Nos. 1396

(FI) and 1709 (FI, K, P); Telok Asam,

Bako National Park, Purseglove 5041

(A, K, L, NY, SAR, SING); Gunong

Gaharu, Serian, Sinclair 10289 (A, E, K,

L, SAR, SING); Gunong Gading, Lundu,

Sinclair 10376 (A, E, K, L, SAR, SING);

Gunong Pueh (Mt Poi) Clemens Nos.

20016 (NY, SAR) and 20345 (A, BO,

G, K holotype, L, NY, SAR); Nanga

Pelagos, Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 35627

(A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING). 3rd

Division:—Kapit, Upper Rejang River,

Clemens 21206 (A, BM, BO, G, K, L,

NY, PNH, SAR).

WEsT BorRNEO: Pulau Tekemeng, Main 2065 (A, BO, K,

L, PNH, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak and West Borneo).

TYPE MATERIAL: Clemens 20345 (A, BO, G, K holotype,

L, NY, SAR).

This is the Bornean form of the var. patentinervia, which differs

from the typical form of that variety chiefly in the longer and more

slender flowering and fruiting pedicels. It also differs in the thinner

and usually smaller leaves with fewer and less distinct nerves.

After careful consideration, I have decided that this plant is best

described as only a form of var. patentinervia and not as a variety

since the affinities with typical patentinervia are close and obvious

and that there is some slight approach by intermediate variations

to var. patentinervia. This is seen in Main 2065 and Daud &

Tachun S.F.N. 35627 where the leaves are slightly longer than in

the average or typical states of longipedicellata, the specimens

being somewhat intermediate but nearest to forma lJongipedicellata.

There is also a close approach to K. stenophylla of the Malay

Peninsula but that species has 6-8 anthers and its leaves are

smaller with much fainter nerves and reticulations and the pedicels

shorter with smaller flowers. The Bornean form longipedicellata

ascends to over 900 m. on Mt Pueh.

184

Vol. XVII. (1961).

var. rubens (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, stat. nov.

Basionym: Knema glaucescens Jack forma rubens J. Sinclair

in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307 f. 13, B.

‘SUMATRA TaPANULI: Tutupan, Sub-division Toba, Rahmat Si

Boeea 6022 (L,, UC).

East Coast: Gurach Batu, Asahan, Yates 1819 (B, BO,

NY, P, SING, UC); Masihi F.R., Kru-

koff 4087 (A, BO, BR, BRI, G, L, LE,

NY, SING, US); near Bandjalinggi,

Karey of Tebing-tinggi, Ldérzing 7467

(BO).

PALEMBANG: Lematang Ilir, bb9186 (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: Pahang, Johore, Singapore. For list see

Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 307.

BORNEO Sarawak: Matang, Beccari Nos. 1609 (Fl, G, K, M,

! S, W) and 2482 (FI, K) syntypes of K.

conferta var. borneensis, see under K.

* latericia.

DISTRIBUTION: ‘Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Sarawak.

TYPE MATERIAL: Singapore, Ridley 4819 (DD, K, SING

holotype).

It will be noticed that I have raised the status of rubens from

a form to a variety.

var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Myristica sumatrana Bl. Rumphia 1 (1835) 187 =

M. glauca Bl. var. sumatrana (B1.) Mig. in Pl. Junghuhn. (1852)

171.

Synonyms: M. glauca Bl. Cat. (1823) 111; Bijdr. 2 (1825) 576

et Rumphia 1 (1835) 187 t. 60; Miq. in Pl. Junghuhn. (1852) 171;

King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 320 pl. 157 pro

parte excl. sp. andamanica et burmanica (= K. cinerea var.

andamanica et K. globularia) et excl. Maingay Nos 1280—8&2

(—K. cinerea var. patentinervia); Koorders et Valeton, Med.

Lands Pl. Tuin 17 (1896) 189. M. glauca Bl. var. sumatrana

(Mig. see note) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900)

92 nom. alt. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind.

(1855) 158 pro parte non typica (incl. sp. javanica et born.);

A.DC. in Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 pro majore parte non typica;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 pro parte incl. sp. jav., born.

et sumatrana tantum. M. corticosa var. lanceolata Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 384. M. corticosa var. sumatrana (Bl.) Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 384. M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f.

et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 157 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum; FI. Br.

Ind. 5 (1886) 111 pro parte incl. sp. typicum et excl. K. globularia,

185

Gardens Bulletin, S.

K. malayana et K. cinerea var. andamanica. M. intermedia BI.

var. minor Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70—syn. nov. M.

geminata Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861) 385; King in Ann.

Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 322 quoad sp. sumatrana tantum

excl. sp. malayana (= K. stenophylla) et excl. pl. 160. M. palem-

banica Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1861) 384. M. wrayi King in

Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 315 pl. 151. Knema

glaucescens Jack in Mal. Misc. 7 (1821) 35 et in Hooker’s Comp.

Bot. Mag. (1843) 357 t. 148; Warb. Monog. Myrist (1897) 616:

Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 302 f. 12 and 13, A. K.

geminata (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 604 t. 24 f. 1-2

quoad sp. sumatrana tantum, excl. K. stenophylla; Gamble, Mat.

Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 247 excl. sp. malayana (=K. steno-

phylla); Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 72 excl. sp. malayana.

K. glauca (Bl.) Ward Monog. Myrist. (1897) 594 t. 25 f. 1-3 incl.

var. typica l.c. 596 et var. sumatrana (Miq.) Warb. l.c. 597;

Koorders, Exkursionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258. K. palembanica

(Miq.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 592 t. 25. K. wrayi (King)

Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 572 t. 24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. FI.

Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 243; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70.

_—Fig. 3H.

SIAM PENINSULAR

DIVISION: Kopah, Ban Krap, Bukit Tinggi, Haniff &

Nur S.F.N. 2736 (CAL, K, SING) not

globularia; Nang Yawn, Takuapa, Kerr

17078 (BK, BM); Kao Den, Patalung,

Kerr 15309 (BK, BM).

SUMATRA S.L.: Forbes 3141 (L); Teijsmann s.n. (L) as

M. corticosa; Teijsmann s.n. (A, K) as

M. corticosa var. sumatrana.,

ATJEH: Deli-Atjeh Border, W.N. & C.M. Bangham

652 (A, K, NY, SING).

TAPANULI: s.l. Junghuhn 558 (K); Tobing, Angkola,

Junghuhn s.n. (CAL (15), L) probably

all one collection as type of M. corticosa

var. lanceolata & glauca var. sumatrana.

WEST

CoasT: Agam, bb6578 (BO); Ayer Nancior, Pa-

dang, Beccari 532 (FI, K, L); Mt Sing-

galang, Beccari FI acc. no. 7792 (FI);

Sungei Batung, Koorders 10382 (BO):

(Padang), Korthals (17) (CAL, L); Mt

Sago, Maradjo 57 (L); Bonjol, Teijs-

mann 475 (U).

EAST

COAST: Botanic Garden, Sibolangit, Ldérzing 5780

(BO, L, SING); vicinity of Huta Baga-

san, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea 6802 (A,

SING, US); vicinity of Aek Moente (Aer

Mutte) north-east of Tomuan Dolok and

west of Sahabat, Asahan, Rahmat Si

186

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

INDRAGIRI:

BENKULEN:

PALEMBANG:

LAMPONG:

PULAU

WEH:

PULAU

_ SIMALUR:

PULAU

SIBERUT:

BANKA:

Boeea 9131 (A, L); Gurach Batu, Asa-

han, Yates 1715 (B, BO, P, NY, SING,

UC); Sigmata near Rantau Parapat, Bi-

lia, Rahmat Si Toroes 3230 (A, L, NY,

UC, US).

Indrag. Uplands:—Kuala Belilas, Buwalda

6736 (BO, L); S. of Pekan Heran, Bu-

walda 6782 (BO, K, L, SING); Kritang

River, Buwalda 6968 (K, L, P, SING);

Muara Padjanki, Buwalda 6448 (BO, K,

L) narrow leaved form.

Jack, date 1821 (L); Redjang, Karangan-

jar, bb Nos. 7290 (BO, L, SING) and

8846 (BO).

Near Paoe, Forbes 2466 (BM, CAL, L,

LE, P); Lampar, Moesi River, Forbes

2606 (BM, CAL, L, LE); Tandjong

Ning, Forbes 2718 (A, BM, FI, L, LE,

P, PNH, SING); Bukit Tjirmin near

Suka Radja, Forbes 2916 (A, BM, CAL,

K, L, P, SING); Lematang Ulu, Lam-

bach 1296 (BO, L); north foot of G.

Pakiwang, north-west of Ranaumeer, v.

Steenis 3433 (B, BO, L, SING); Muara-

duwa (dewa) Teijsmann 3550 (BO,

CAL, U); Ogan Ulu, Endert 59 (BO,

L) and Teijsmann 3735 (BO, CAL, U);

Dermo Enim, Teijsman Nos. 3640 (BO,

U); 3641 (BO) and 379] (BO, U); Batu

Radja, Kebur-lahat, Teijsmann 3620

(BO, CAL, MEL, U); Batu Radja, Ke-

bur-lahat, Teijsmann s.n. (A, CAL, L.

LE, MEL, U) and 3924 (BO, CAL, U)

eet all one collection, numbered

ater.

‘Wai Lima, Lampong Estate, Iboet 400

- 8846 (BO).

Koorders 10531 (BO).

Achmad Nos. 198 (BO, L, SING); 206

(BO, K, L, SING, U); 647 (BO, SING);

685 (BO, L, SING, U); 840 (BO, L,

SING, U); 1139 (BO, L, SING); 1143

(BO, SING); 1176 (BO, L, SING, U);

F459 (BO; L, SING, U); 1576 (BO,

SING) and /579 (BO, L, SING).

Kloss S.F. Nos. 14496 (BM, BO, K,

SING, UC) and 14569 (BO, K, SING)

and Iboet 164 (B, BO, L, SING).

G. Maras, Kostermans & Anta 1299 (BO,

K, L, P, PNH); G. Mangol, Kostermans

&.4uta 652 (BO, K,. L, P, SING);

Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Anta 922

(K, L, P, PNH, SING) on the L sheet

var. patentinervia is also mounted; Pang-

kat-pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING).

187

Gardens Bulletin, S.

MALAY PENINSULA: Kelantan, Perak, Selangor, Malacca, Jo-

hore, Singapore. For list see Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 304.

JAVA S.L.: Blume s.n. (A, C, LE, NY) as M. corti-

cosa; Blume s.n. (BO, L, P) several

sheets as M. glauca; Commerson (Herb.

Martius) (BR, P); Gesker (L); Hasselt

s.n. (L); Horsfield (BM, CGE, K) the

CGE sheet is numbered 3; Junghuhn 561

(K); Kollmann (G. Boiss, NY); Kor-

thals s.n. (K); Labillardiére s.n. (K);

Leschenault s.n. (P); Reinwardt Nos.

(6) (L); (17) (L); (28) (L); Teijsmann

s.n. (BM, L, LE, P); Teijsmann & de

Vriese, date 1859-60 (L); de Vriese

(Herb. Pierre 5469) (L, P); Zollinger

Nos. 809 (P) and 1398 (P).

WEsT JAVA: Tjimara, Udjong Kulon, Prov. Bantam,

Koorders Nos. 5263 (BO, CAL, L) and

5286 (CAL); Udjong Kulon, Koster-

mans, July 1949 (BO, K, L, SING);

Kosala, Prov. Bantam, Forbes Nos. 486

(BM, BO, CAL, LE, PNH) and 592

(BM, BO, CAL, FI, K, SING); Gunong

Karang, Pulasari, Pandeglang, Prov.

Bantam, Koorders Nos. 5258 (BO) and

5259 (BO); Batavia, Junghuhn s.n. (BM,

CAL, L); near Batavia, Kollmann

(BM); Depok, Koorders 42238 (BO);

Jianten, south of Leuwiliang, west of

Bogor, Backer 25964 (BO, L, SING,

U); Hadjere, Janlappa, Bogor, Utja &

Wasijat Ja Nos. 6171 (BO, L); 6192

(BO, L); 6202 (BO, L); 6574 (BO, L);

6610 (BO, L); 66/1 (BO); 6615 (BO,

L); 6676 (BO, L); 6688 (BO, L) and

6786. (BO, L); the following five Gunong

Salak, Blume (L, NY); Koorders Nos.

24289 (BO) and 2429] (BO, L); Nees

s.n. (LE) and Teijsmann H.B. 3057

(BO); Tjampea, Koorders 30472 (BO);

Pangrango, H.B. 3060 (BO); Natur mo-

nument, Nusagede, Pendjalu, Koorders

44595 (BO); Natur monument, Beumée

6079 (BO); Madjenang, Backer 18687

(BO, SING); Pasir Tjirangsad, Bakhui-

zen v.d. Brink 3796 (BO); the remainder

in Preanger:—Pelabuan-ratu, Koorders

Nos. 5243 (BO); 11791 (BO) and 33082

(BO); Tjadas, Malang near Tjidadap,

Bakh v.d. Brink Nos. 438 (BO, L) and

3001 (BO); Tjampaka near Tjidadap,

Mt Tugu, Pasir Angin, Buwalda 3583

(K, SING); Tjampaka, Tjiharum, Bu-

walda 3625 (K, SING); Tjidadap, G.

Besar, Tjibeber, Winckel 308 (BO, CAL,

L, U); the following Koorders numbers

Takoka, Preanger:—Koorders Nos. 5244

(BO, CAL); 5245 (BO, L); 5247 (BO);

188

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Mp Java:

East JAVA:

11794 (BO, K); 12046 (BO); 12048

(BO); 25620 (BO, K, L); 25635 (BO,

K, L); 25732 (BO, K, L, SING); 25779

(BO, K, L) and 32714 (BO); Tjimas,

Koorders 5253 (BO, L); Sanggarawa,

Koorders Nos. 5254 (BO, L) and 5255

(BO, L); Mid Preanger, Tjiguludug,

Bandung, Ja 1502 (BO); Tjisewa, south

coast, Warburg 3184 (L, M).

Djatibosch, East Tegal, Beumée 3687 (BO);

Tjilatjap, Ja 2919 (A, BO, L) and Ja

2448 (A, BO, L) and Koorders 30294

(BO); Kedu, Sempor, north-west of

Gombong, Brinkman 655 (A, BO, K,

L); the following seven Pekalongan,

Subah:—Wanasari near Morgasari, Boot

33l1la (BO); Gondang, Hoffmann 6541

(BO) and 6609 (BO); Koorders Nos.

13335 (P, BO); 13561 (BO); 14258

(BO) and 27481 (BO, K, L); Prigi,

Backer Nos. 11788 (BO) and 11954

‘ (BO, SING); Wonosobo, Ja Nos. 2505

(A, BO, L) and 2533 (A, BO, L); Bod-

ja, Darsepono, Semarang, Beumée 8881

(BO); Karangasen, Semarang, Koorders

5295 (BO, L, P); the following four in

Djapara:—Teijsmann s.n. (BO, CAL,

U) as M. intermedia var. minor; Zollin-

ger s.n. (W); Ngarengan, Beumée 574

(BO) and Koorders Nos. 33609 (BO)

and 35722 (BO); Pati, Pangonan, Ja

a (BO); Kedalon, Rembang, Ja 1547

(BO)...

Pogal, Mousset 1139 (L); Bodjonegoro,

Klino, Ja 2036 (BO, L); Gunong Pan-

dan, Koorders Nos. 12399 (BO, SING,

U) and 12404 (BO); and Thorenaar

Nos. 59 (BO); 75 (BO); 269 (BO) and

356 (BO); Gadungan Pare, Kediri,

Koorders Nos. 22777 (BO, K, L) and

22838 (BO, BR, G Boiss., L); Tangkil,

Pasuruan, Koorders 23513 (BO) and

23943 (BO, K, L); Lumadjang, Zollin-

ger 2650 (BO, FI, G Boiss., MEL, P)

and s.n. (U); Pantjur Idjen, Besuki,

Koorders Nos. 5282 (BO, K, L); 5288

(BO); 13084 (BO); 14616 (BO, P);

ior, tao L, PP); 14616 (BO);

14619 (BO); 21607 (BO, L, P); 21634

(BO, L); 28613 (BO, K, L) and 3229/7

(BO); Tjurmanis, Besuki, Koorders Nos.

5289 (BO) and 5298 (BO); Muntjar,

Becking 54 (BO); Kali Wiming, Djem-

ber, Backer 18330 (BO, SING); Sanga,

Mumbul, Backer 30629 (BO, SING);

Rogodjampi, Besuki, Koorders Nos. 5269

(BO); 5283 (BO, K, L); 5285 (BO, L,

’P); 5286 (BO); 5287 (BO, L); 5290

(BO;: L); 5293 (BO, L); 13147 (BO,

189

ISLANDS NEAR

S.W. BANTAM:

NUSA

KAMBANGAN:

Nusa BARUNG:

MADURA:

LESSER SUNDA

ISLANDS BALI:

BORNEO SARAWAK:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

L); 13257 (BO); 13270 (BO); 29021

(BO, G Boiss., K); 38902 (BO, K) and

39343 (BO).

Pulau Meeuwen, Kostermans, June 1950

(A, BO, L, PNH, SING); Pulau Peut-

jang, Sinclair 10010 (A, B, BM, E, K,

L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING); Pulau Pa-

naitan, Mt Tendjo, J.v. Borssum Waalkes

402 (BO); Pulau Panaitan, Tandjong

Kadam, J.v. Borssum Waalkes 587 (BO,

iL):

Banjumas specimens, Mid Java, are also

placed here as Koorders wrote Banju-

mas, Nusa Kambangan on his labels.

He also sometimes wrote Nusa Kamban-

gan or Banjumas only. Probably most

or all of his specimens came from Nusa

Kambangan and he intended Banjumas

to mean Banjumas residency. Koorders

Nos. 3491 (BO, L); 5273 (BO); 5276

(2031); 5278 (BO, L); 5279 (BO, 1);

5281 (A, BO, L, P); 12174 (BO); 12183

(BO); 12212 (BO); 15670 (BO, G Boiss.,

L, P); 20084 (BO, L); 20151 (BO);

20286 (BO); 21907 (BO); 21913 (BO);

24686 (BO, L, P, UC); 26938 (BO, K,

i, Ps U); 26940 (BO, K, L,. P) and

27158 (BO); Banjumas, Pringombo,

Koorders Nos. 27184 (BO, L, UC);

33866 (BO) and 33889 (BO, P, SING);

Nusa Kambangan near Tjimiring, van

_ Straelen 13 (BO).

Koorders Nos. 5291 (BO, K, L) and 5292

(BO).

Mt Geger, Teijsmann H.B. 1754 (BO, L).

Tjandikusuma, Becking 145 (BO); Mt

Sangiang Complex, Negara, West Bali,

Kostermans, Kuswata, Soegeng & Soe-

padmo Nos. 285 (BO, L) and 298 (BO,

L); Pura Abian, Tuwung, Sanguidingin,

Tabanan, Kostermans, Kuswata, Soegeng

& Soepadmo 238 (L, SING).

Beccari 1094 (FI, K, P); Haviland (Garai)

1036 (K); North slopes of Mt Penrissen,

1st Division, south of Kuching, M. Ja-

cobs 5081 (CANB, L, SAR, SING); Gu-

nong Gading, Lundu, ist Division, Sin-

clair 10361 (A, B, E, FI, K, L, M, NY,

SAR, SING); Tanjong Kibong, Daud &

Tachun S.F.N. 36081 (BM, SAR, SING);

Gat, Upper Rejang River, 3rd Division,

Clemens Nos. 21600 (A, BM, BO, K,

L, NY, PNH, SAR) and 22/19 (A, BO,

K, NY, SAR); River Kenaban, Upper

Plieran, 3rd Division, Pickles SAR 3624

190

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BRUNEI:

West BORNEO:

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO:

BRITISH

NORTH

BORNEO:

(L, SAR, SING); the remainder 4th Di-

vision:—Bukit Mersing, Tau Range,

Purseglove 5188 (K, L, NY, SAR

SING); North slopes of Mt. Kalulong,

Pickles SAR Nos. 3738 (BM, L, SAR,

SING) and 3757 (BM, L, SAR, SING);

Bintulu, Jelalong, Senada SAR 10111

(SAR, SING); near Long Kapuas, Mt

Dulit (Ulu Tinjar), Richards 1107 (A, K,

L, SING).

Andulau F.R., Ashton BRUN 588 (SING);

north slopes of Bukit Patoi, Temburong,

Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17401

(BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING).

Sungei Sambas, Hallier 1125 (BO, L.

SING, U); Pulau Lumukutan, JHallier

323 (BO, L, SING, U) and a Separate

collection 323 = K. laurina; Sungei Lan-

dak, Teijsmann s.n. (BO); Suka Lanting,

Hallier 8 (BO, L, SING); Kapuas, Teijs-

mann Nos. 8230 (BO, FI, SING) and

* 8674 (BO, FI, SING); Sungei Sibau, Hal-

lier 1192 (BO, L); Melawi, Ng. Risang,

B. Bragan, bb26354 (BO, L).

Mt Ilas Bungaan, Berouw (= Berau), Kos-

termans 13900 (L); L. Iboet, West Kutei.

Endert Nos. 2557 (A, BO, K, L) and

2822 (BO, K, L); Mt Maranga on Tund-

jung Plateau, West. Kutei, Kostermans

12577 (L); Belajan River, Gunong Kelo-

pok near Tahang, Central Kutei, Koster-

mans Nos. 10451 (CANB, L, SING)

and 10559 (CANB, L, P); Gunong

Tepian Lobang, East Kutei, Kostermans

- 5351 (BO, K, L); Pembliangan, Amdjah

941 (BO, L, U); Sungei Milier (Miiller

Range), Amdjah 171 (BO); Sungei Oc-

tung, Amdjah 343 (BO); Tikung, Ama-

jah 938 (BO, L, SING, U); Sungei

Magne, Jaheri 619 (BO); Sungei Pary,

Jaheri 1133 (BO, SING); Sungei Sok,

Jaheri 1755 (BO); Loa Djanan River

region, west of Samarinda, Kostermans

9948 (BO, L); Sungei Wain region,

north of Balikpapan, Kostermans 4327

(BO, L).

Kinabatangan, Evangelista 1109 (A, NY);

Suanlamba watershed, Sandakan, Castillo

646 (A, PNH, US); Payo River, Allen

Nos. 625 (A, NY) and also K. latericia

var. latericia and 628 (NY); Beaufort

F.R., Jesselton, Sow K.F.N. Nos. 7165]

(KEP) and 7/654 (KEP) small form,

not stenophylla; the following Penibu-

kan, Kinabalu, Clemens Nos. 30505 (A.

191

BANGUEY

ISLAND:

CULTIVATED:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

B, BO, G, K, L, M, UC); 30888 (A,

BO, K, L, NY, UC); 32027 (A, BO, G,

L, NY, UC); 32156 (A, BO, NY) and

32202 AA, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, UC);

Marai Parai, Kinabalu, Clemens 32852

(A, BO, G, L, NY, UC); Tenompok,

Kinabalu, Clemens 28766 (G, K, NY);

on hill south of Tabilong, at mile 18 on

path from Kota Belud to Kudat, Wood

& Wyatt-Smith A4237 (KEP, P, SAN,

SING) small form, not stenophylla; *Ulu

Moyah, 8 mls. S.S.E. of Malaman, Si-

pitang, Wood SAN 16669 (KEP, L,

SAN, SING; Ulu Mendalong, 6 mls.

S.S.E. of Malaman, Sipitang, Wood SAN

16733 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Ulu Lu-

kutan, 8 mls. E.N.E. of Sipitang, Wood

& Wyatt-Smith A 4578 (KEP, L, SAN,

SING); Karukan, Goklin 3022 (K, L,

PNH).

Castro & Melegrito 1451 (A, BO, UC).

Hort. Bog. Beccari 5618 (FI, K) origin

Palembang; Beccari Nos. 7788 (FI) and

7788a (FI); Herb. Reg. Monacense,

Blume s.n. (M); Hort. Bog. IVG 83

(L); IVG 93 (NY); Teijsmann 7685A

(FI) origin Kapuas, Borneo; Warburg

1739 (C, G Boiss., L, LE, M) origin

Sumatra.

Siam (rare), Sumatra including Banka,

Malay Peninsula, Java, Lesser Sunda

Islands to Bali only, east of Bali, i.e. in

Lombok it is replaced by var. cinerea,

Borneo. It should be noted that Wallace’s:

line passes between Bali and Lombok.

Knema _ glaucescens Jack, Sumatra, Jack,

date 1821 (L). M. geminata Migq., Batu

Radja, Kebur-lahat, Sumatra. Teijsmann

Nos. 3620 (BO, CAL, MEL, U); 3924

(BO, CAL, U) and s.n. (A, CAL, L,

LE, MEL, U holotype). M. glauca BL.,

Blume’s collections, s.n. from various.

localities in West Java, G. Salak (L,

NY) several sheets; sl. (BO, L, P)

several sheets. The following other loca-

lities are quoted by Blume but not writ-

ten on the sheets:—Tugu, G. Gede,.

Pangrango, Tjisambang, G. Parang and

Tjiradas. M. intermedia var. minor Miq.,

Djapara, Java, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, CAL,

U_ holotype). M. palembanica Mia.,

Derma-Enim, Sumatra, Teijsmann Nos.

3640 (BO, U); 3641 (BO) and 379]

(BO, U). M. sumatrana Bl., Padang,

Sumatra, Korthals s.n. (CAL, L holo-

type).

* See addenda. I have removed it to K. cinerea var. alpina.

192

Vol. XVII. (1961).

The reason for the name change of this well-known plant has

already been given under K. cinerea var. cinerea. In the citation

of literature, I have purposely avoided quoting Blume in brackets

in the new combination, because the priority in this case dates

from Miquel’s trinomial. The actual alternative name given by

Boerlage for K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var sumatrana is M. glauca BI.

var. sumatrana (Warb.) Boerl., but it should have been var. suma-

trana (Miq.) Boerl. It will be noticed that Boerlage gave alternative

names for most species of Knema described by Warburg, transfer-

ring them back to Myristica, but he did not specifically say he

did not uphold the genus Knema. It may be that he was determin-

ed to have some credit should botanists in future not agree to

‘accept Knema as distinct from Myristica.

Perhaps I may have lumped too many specimens under K.

cinerea var. sumatrana, including some from Borneo with narrower

leaves than in the typical var. sumatrana. Variety sumatrana is

the commonest one and has a wide distribution. I have included

K. geminata from Sumatra in it, but perhaps the latter might have

been separated from it as another variety or form. I have seen

some specimens of geminata with a few large leaves and a greater

number of small leaves on the same sheet, so in any case it is

extremely close to typical sumatrana with its larger leaves.

(4) Knema communis J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

297 f. 10 & pl. TXB.

Female flowers (mature) 5—6 mm. long and 4 mm. broad, ae

tomentulose on a 7 mm. long pedicel; bracteole median or slightly

above the middle; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long with

a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again bi-lobed.

MALAY PENINSULA: Perak, Trengganu, Selangor, Singapore.

For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

299. New and first record for Kelantan:

—Kampong Gobek, Kerilla_ Estate,

Mohd. Shah & Kadim 526 (A, E, K, L,

PNH, SING).

BORNEO Sarawak: Mt Matang, Beccari Nos. 1815 (FI) and

1960 (FI, K).

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler Nos. 2466 (BO,

G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and 2467

(BM, BO, BR, G, K, L, P, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Malaya, Sarawak, South and South-East

Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair S.F.N. 40522 (BKF, BM, BO, DD,

Delhi Univ., E, K, KEP, L, M, P, PNH,

SAN, SING holotype).

193

Gardens Bulletin, S-

This species when sterile resembles K. scortechinii but has small-

er leaves and more slender twigs. There are 7-9 anthers as against

10-14 in scortechinii. Beccari Nos. 1815 and 1960 are quoted by

Warburg as part of the syntypes of K. conferta var. borneensis.

See also under K. latericia. Lake & Kelsall, 6th Nov. 1892 from

Johore and the following from Singapore recorded in Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 296 as K. malayana should be altered to K. com-

munis. They have smaller leaves, but seem to fit in here best:—-

Ridley Nos. 1833 & 6447 and Sinclair S.F. Nos. 40717 & 40280.

Sinclair S.F.N. 40386 distributed as K. malayana should also be

changed to communis. They also resemble cinerea var. sumatrana

but are not exactly that as all three species are close and they may

represent a hybrid between communis and one of the other two,

probably cinerea var. sumatrana but we cannot be certain and it

is better as stated to place them with communis. .

(5) Knema conferta (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 578 t.

24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 243; Ridley,

Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958).

286 f. 6.

Basionym: Myristica conferta King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Caic<3 (8894)-39> pr. “Iau:

SUMATRA TAPANULI: Angkola & Sipirok Panobasan, Kd. Pu-

hatan Lajan, 5bb29518 (A, BO, L):

Labuan Baju, Sibolga, bb19392 (A, BO,

L); Sirameramian, Sibolga & Omme-

landen, bb26984 (BO, L).

East Coast: Langkat, Bubu, bb9369 (BO); Beneden,

Langkat, Alur Gusta, bb16406 (A, BO,

-INDRAGIRI: Danau Mengkuang, Riouw & Ond., Indrag.

‘ Bovenlanden, bb27497 (BO, L); Kuala

Belilas, bb2759] (BO, L, SING).

DJAMBI: Simpang, bb/3107 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Rawas, Dumas 1617 (BO, L); Bajung Lint-

jir, Banjuasin & Kubestreken, TIP724

(BO)

BANKA: K. Gadung, bb10570 (BO); Blinju, Gras-

hoff 101 (BO, L).

BILLITON: van Rossum 63 (BO, CAL, K, L).

RIOUW

~ ARCHI-

PELAGO: P. Karimon, Paralabu, 6b20376 (A, BO,

240) K, L, NY).

‘MALAY’ PENINSULA: © Perak, Malacca, Johore and Sinneaes For

list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 288.

194

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BORNEO West BorNEO: Kapuas, Sungei Ahas, bb1200 (BO); Palo,

Becking 50 (BO).

EasT AND

NorTH-EAST

BORNEO: West Kutei, No. 44 near L. Djanan, Endert

5063 (A, BO, K, L); West Kutei,

bb16738 (A, BO, L); West Kutei, Mt

Palimasan near Tabang, Belajan River,

Kostermans 12800 (K, L); Central Kutei,

Belajan River near a Bleh, Koster-

mans Nos. 10286 (K, L, SING) and

10359 (L, SING); Sungei Muan Region

near Balikpapan, Kostermans 4046 (BM,

BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING).

BRITISH

r NorTH

BORNEO: Sepilok, Papahat, Sungei Arang, Kadir

A934 (BO, CANB, K, KEP, SAN,

SING).

PULAU

NUNUKAN: bb Nos. 26188 (BO, L); 29300 (BO,

L, SING); 29340 (BO, K, L) and

29356 (A, BO, K, L, P, SING); north-

“ern part, Kostermans Nos. 8634 (BO,

K, L, P, SING); 8662 (BO, K, L, P,

SING); 8686 (BO, K, L, SING); 8772

(BM, BO, K, L); 8934 (BO, K, L); 9017

(BO, K, L); 9059 (BO, L) and 9130

(BO, K, L); Meijer 1874 (L); Paymans

Noss? (L):; 2. (BO, K, L, SING); 67

(BO, L); 74 (BO, L); 127 (L);Sutan

Pennek 101 (BO, L).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Banka, Billiton, Riouw Archipe-

| lago, Malay Peninsula and Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica conferta King, King Nos. 6211

(CAL, FI, G, K, L) and 10295 (CAL,

K, SING); Wray 2377 (CAL, K, SING);

Griffith 4945 (A, CAL, KK): "Maingay

1297 (CAL, K); Ridley 442 (SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Salak (Billiton); lipai (Sumatra).

I have to exclude from this species var. tonkinensis Warb.

-Monog. Myrist. (1897) 581 as the two syntypes of it are K. laurina

(see under that species). I must also exclude var. borneensis Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580. Not one of the syntypes quoted by

Warburg for this variety can be identified with conferta. See note

under K. latericia for their identifications. I have seen specimens

from Upper Burma, Indo-China and Siam often wrongly named

conferta. Some of these are /aurina and others erratica. The form-

er when sterile closely resembles conferta in its leaves and tomen-

tum, but can be distinguished from conferta by the sunk veins on

the upper surface of the leaf, best seen at the base of the leaf.

The apical portions of the twigs are striate in conferta but not or

seldom so in laurina. The second species erratica looks very similar

to conferta since it has the same kind of striations, but the leaves:

195

Gardens Bulletin, S.

are usually narrower. The tomentum in erratica tends to disappear,

however, except on the lower midrib, but some specimens have

the lower surface of the leaves covered with it. K. conferta so far

has not been found north of Perak.

(6) Knema curtisii (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 567 t.

25 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 240: Ridley,

Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

281 f. 4.

_ Basionym: Myristica curtisii King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Calc. 3. (1891) 326 pl. 167.

Synonym: M. sp. Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 113; Maingay

1301, foot note—Fig. 6.

var. curtisii—Fig. 6C.

SUMATRA East Coast:

PALEMBANG:

' PULAU

SIMALUR:

MALAY PENINSULA:

BORNEO SaRAWAK:

BRUNEI:

WEST BORNEO:

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO:

Sibolangit, Beumée 863 (BO); Fairchild

1046 (UC) and Lérzing Nos. 4623 (BO,

L, SING, U) and /0124 (BO, SING).

Rawas, Forbes 3193 (A, BM, CAL, K, L).

Achmat Nos. 93 (BO, L, SING, U): 790

(BO, L, U); 927 (BO); 1152 (BO, L,

SING, U); 1492 (G Boiss., L, SING)

and 1803 (BO, K, L, P, SING, U, UC).

Kedah, Penang, Perak, Trengganu, Pahang,

Negri Sembilan, Malacca, Johore. For

list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 281.

New and first records for Selangor:—

Bukit Lagong F.R., Kepong, Kochum-

men K.F.N. 83403 (KEP); Wyatt-Smith

K.F.N. 52271 (KEP) and Wyatt-Smith

s.n. date 1948 (KEP).

Upper Rejang River, Clemens Nos. 21207

(K, NY, SAR) and 2/208 (A, BO, K,

M, NY, SAR); Bukit Pendam, Daud &

Tachun S.F.N. 35739 (A, B, E, K, L,

SAR, SING); 3rd Division, Kapit Dis-

trict, Belaga subdistrict, left bank of

Rejang River, 10 km. below Belaga near

airfield, M. Jacobs 5223 (CANB, L,

SAR).

Bukit Biang, P. S. Ashton BRUN 5587

(SING).

Amai Ambit, Hallier 3358 (BO, SING).

Miiller Range (Bukit Batu Milier), Amdjah

14] (BO) and Jaheri 354 (BO); Gunong

Labang, Amdjah 204 (BO, SING):

West Kutei, Endert 2586 (A, BO, K, L);

No. 29, L. Liah Leng, West Kutei, En-

dert Nos. 3018 (BO, L) and 3062 (BO).

196

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. 6. Knema curtisii (King) Warb. with four of its varieties.

A, var. paludosa J. Sinclair, twig with leaves. E, the same with fruit.

B, var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, twig with leaves and male flowers.

C, var. curtisii, twig with leaves and fruit. D, var. arenosa J. Sinclair,

twig with male flowers. A from Corner S.F.N. 26155 (SING

isotype). B from Enggoh 10466 (L). C from Curtis 1024 (SING

syntype). D from Kostermans 10194 (SING). E from Corner

15:4:34 (SING).

197

Gardens Bulletin, S.

PULAU

TARAKAN: Amal-Path, Meijer 252] (BO, K, L) and

Meijer 2590a (BO, K, L).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Mpyristica curtisii King, Curtis 1024 (CAL,

K, SING) and 1320 (K, SING); Scor-

techini 292b (CAL, FI, G, K, L, SING);

Wray 2112 (CAL, K, SING) and Main-

way 1301 (CAL, K, L).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Bengkiring (Sumatra).

There are 20—25 anthers in K. curtisii and not 30-45 as

stated by previous investigators including myself. The number of

anthers in certain species of Horsfieldia and Myristica has often

been miscounted and here in this Knema the appearance of the

anthers is also deceptive, each pollen sac looking like two instead

of only one, due to their close proximity in unopened flowers.

var. amoena J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 7.

A typo foliis liguliformibus angustissimis, marginibus fere

parallelis, nervis et reticulationibus indistinctis; a var. arenosa

foliis magis coriaceis, apice obtusis, et a var. paludosa foliis

longioribus angustioribus differt.

Arbor 18 m. alta. Cortex pallido-griseus, levis; latex roseus

exilis. Folia coriacea, supra modice viridia nitida (in sicco nigro-

brunnea) subtus glauca, ligulata, apice obtusa, basi acuta, 5—8 cm.

longa, 1—1.8 cm. lata; petioli 7 mm. —1 cm. longi, graciles. Flores

masculi intus pallido-flavi. Fructus ignotus.

BORNEO BRuNEI: Andulau Forest Reserve (west), Sinclair

10442 (A, B, BM, BO, E, K holotype.

ze L, M, NY, SAR, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Brunei).

The leaves of this variety resemble those of var. arenosa in

being long and narrow, but differ as they are more coriaceous,

obtuse at the apex and dry a dark brown above instead of green.

They are also longer and different in shape from those of var.

paludosa and with nearly parallel sides, but agree in having an

obtuse apex and the same colour on drying. The veins and

reticulations are indistinct or invisible. The flowers are fragrant

when crushed and of a cream colour inside when fully open.

var. arenosa J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 6D.

Synonym: Myristica lanceolata Msc. Herb. Korthals, nom.

nud. in sched. (non M. lanceolata Wall.)

A typo foliis multo minoribus, lanceolatis, nervis supra

invisibilibus subtus tenuissimis vel inconspicuis, reticulationibus

utrinque fere invisibilibus differt.

198

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Cyaan

Fig. 7. Knema curtisii (King) Warb. var. amoena J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C,

~ staminal column. All from Sinclair 10442 (SING).

199

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 6-15 m. high. Bark smooth, with very small dents here

and there, pale brown or straw-coloured; sap dark red, copious.

Leaves chartaceous or dark green above, glaucous beneath,

lanceolate with nearly parallel sides, apex acute or bluntly acute,

base acute; nerves not visible above, very fine and faint beneath;

reticulations almost invisible on both surfaces, seen only on the

lower surface with a lens; length 2.5—7 cm., average 5 cm.; breadth

8 mm. —2.3 cm., average 1-1.5 cm.; petioles very slender, 5-8 mm.

long. Male flowers rusty-tomentulose, fragrant when crushed,

3-4 mm. long, pedicels 8 mm. —1 cm. long with a minute median

bracteole.

SUMATRA MENTAwAI

ISLANDS: Pulau Siberut, Tibokbongi, bb17487 (BO).

BORNEO Sarawak: Semengoh F.R., Kuching, Sinclair 10183

(A, B, E, K, L, M, NY, SAR, SING).

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO: Sakumbang, Korthals (99) (L) as M. lan-

ceolata Korthals nom. nud.

EAST AND

NorTH-EAST

BORNEO: Tidungsche Landen, bb18174 (A, BO, L,

SING); Mentawir, Balikpapan, Koster-

mans 9764 (BO, K, L, P, SING); Loa

Djanan, East Kutei, Kostermans 8653

(BM, BO, K, L, P, SING); and Koster-

mans 10194 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING);

Tepian Lobang, East Kutei, bb14646

(BO, L); Sangkulirang Island, Koster-

mans 4927 (BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH,

SING).

PULAU

NUNUKAN: Northern part, Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO,

K, L, P, SING) and Zainal Abidin 21

(BO, L) = bb34623.

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra (Pulau Siberut) and Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Kostermans 8653 (BM, BO, K_ holotype,

L, \P, SING).

A variety with uniformly small chartaceous leaves from sandy

ridges. The nerves and reticulations of the leaf are not or scarcely

visible.

Fig. 6B.

A typo foliis magis coriaceis, oblongis cum marginibus fere

parallelis, apicibus linguiformibus, reticulationibus utrinque dis-

tinctis differt.

Tree 10-15 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, thin, almost smooth;

sap copious, pink. Leaves medium green and glossy above, glaucous

beneath, mostly oblong, sometimes lanceolate, apex bluntly acute

var. linguiformis J. Sinclair, var. nov.

200

Vol. XVII, (1961).

or obtuse, base acute or rounded: reticulations distinct on both

surfaces; length 9-14 cm.; breadth 3-5 cm.; petioles 1 cm. long.

Male and female flowers rusty-tomentulose outside, pink inside.

Male flowers 5 mm. long and 6 mm. broad (not yet open) with 19-

25 anthers, average number 20; pedicels 8 mm. long. Female

flowers 5 mm. in diam., with a tomentose ovary and a 4-6-lobed

stigma; pedicels 8 mm. long, stouter than in the male. Fruit not

seen.

BORNEO Scan AND

SOUTH-EAST .

BORNEO: - Sampit Region near Kuala Kuajan, Koster-

- mans 7942 (K, L,. P, SING).

EAST; AND _

__ NorTH-EAst

_ BORNEO: Gunong Moeara-Tagel, Amdjah 144 (BO,

K, L, SING); West Kutei, No. 37 near

Mt. Kemvel, Endert 3559 (A, BO, K,

L).

BRITISH

NorTH :

BORNEO: Kabili F.R., Agama 3990 (K, L, SAN);

, ; Kabili-Sepilok F.R., Castro 7275 (BO,

K, L, PNH, SING); ditto cpt. 15, Eng-

goh 10466 (K, KEP, L); Sepilok F.R.,

cpt. 16, Sinclair 9294 (A, B, BM, E, K,

L, M, SAN, SING) and cpt. 14, Wood

SAN 16322 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING);

Gurulau, Upper Kinabalu, Clemens

50432 (A, K, L, LE)..

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo except Sarawak, Brunei and West

Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 9294 (A, B, BM, E, K holotype,

_L, M, SAN, SING).

When I first made acquaintance with this plant I intended to

give it the rank of a species and to place it next to Knema curtisit.

Later, after I had seen all the material of curtisti including its

other varieties, it seemed reasonable that the plant in question could

only rank as yet another variety of the somewhat polymorphic

curtisii. The leaves of var. linguiformis are more coriaceous and

different.in shape (never elliptic) from those of typical curtisii, the

sides being nearly parallel and the reticulations more distinct. The

leaf base is often rounded and the apex obtuse or less acute.

var. paludosa J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 6A & E.

A typo foliis minoribus, elliptico-lanceolatis vel obovatis,

apicibus obtusis, fructibus maioribus, stipitibus crassioribus differt.

Tree 12-18 m. high with a few stilt roots. Bark greyish-yellow,

smooth; sap pale red, scant. Leaves variable in size, but smaller

than in the typical form, elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, base acute,

201

Gardens Bulletin, S.

apex obtuse, less often bluntly acute; nerves very faint or not

visible above, slender beneath; reticulations faint on both surfaces;

length 4-8 cm., average 4—5 cm.; breadth 1.5—4.5 cm., average 2.5

cm.; petioles 5 mm. —1 cm. long. Fruit apricot-yellow, ridged on the

line of suture, ellipsoid, 4-5 cm. long and 2.5—3 cm. broad; stalk 1

cm. long, thicker than that of the typical, 4 mm. thick. Aril deep

rose-carmine to rose-crimson.

SUMATRA TaPANULI: Pulau Poene, Sibolga, bb3770 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Bajunglintjir, Banjuasin & Kubestreken,

Dorst TIP751 (BO).

MALAY PENIN- Kampong Hubong, Endau, Kadim 287 (A,

SULA JouHorRE: B, BM, E, K, L, SING).

SINGAPORE: Jurong, Corner S.F.N. 26155 (BO, CAL,

K, SING) a swamp now drained and

trees cut down; Mandai Road, Corner,

15th April, 1934 (SING) and Kiah S.F.

Nos. 37123 (A, BO, KEP, SING) and

37148 (A, BM, BO, BRI, K, KEP,

SING); Bukit Mandai, Goodenough 3376

(CAL, K, SING).

BORNEO Sarawak: Lundu, Clemens 22291 (A, BO, K, NY,

SAR).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, Singapore, Sarawak.

TYPE MATERIAL: ny 26155 (BO, CAL, K_ holotype.

SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Budjang lalu (Sumatra).

This is a fresh water swamp forest form distinguished from

the typical by the presence of ‘stilt roots, smaller, obtuse leaves

and a larger fruit with a thicker fruit-stalk, the latter 4 mm. thick

as against 1.5-2 mm. thick in typical curtisii. The Singapore

specimens were formerly all included by me in K. curtisii [Gard.

Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 283] where I pointed out that they were

slightly different from the typical. Unfortunately the swamp at

Jurong has now been drained and the trees there cut down. I have

looked for this variety at Mandai Forest myself, but so far have

failed to find it. If it still exists, the tree is certainly very rare in

Singapore now. One ought to search for it in the swamp forests of

South Johore at Kuala Sedili and along the Kota Tinggi-Mersing

Road for more records. I have just received a recent record of it

from felled, fresh water swamp forest at Endau, N.E. Johore.

(7) Knema elmeri Merr. in Univ. Calit. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 75.

—Fig. 8.

Tree 8-15 m. high with a rounded crown. Bark greyish-brown,

flaking; sap red, watery, copious. Twigs with greyish-brown bark

which tends to crack and peel off, angled and rusty-pubescent at

the apex, glabrous lower down. Leaves chartaceous or thinly

202

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

ROS, 4 I

a Fal

Fig. 8. Knema elmeri Merr.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B—C, male flowers enlarged. D,

ovary and stigmas. E, fruit, F, scales from lower leaf-surface. A

from Elmer 21042 (A). B-C from Sinclair 9311 (SING). D from

Sinclair 9299 (SING). E-F from Wood & Kilang SAN 16643

(SING).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

coriaceous, dark green above and glossy, densely tomentulose with

silvery or pale brownish, stellate scales beneath, oblong or oblong-

elliptic, apex acute, sometimes slightly blunt, base acute or less

often slightly rounded; midrib raised on both surfaces, except at

the base on the upper; nerves 15-20 pairs, slender and slightly

raised above, prominent beneath where they are brown when dry,

curving gradually, line of interarching rather faint; reticulations

close but faint, being obscured by the white indumentum on the

lower surface; length 12—22-(26) cm.; breadth 5—8.5 cm.; petiole

1—1.5 cm. long, puberulous. Male flowers pale brown-tomentulose

outside, scarlet inside, 8-9 mm. across when expanded, 5 mm. in

diam. in bud, lobes ovate, acute, thickened at the centre; pedicels

5—7 mm. long with a minute, median bracteole; staminal disc con-

vex like an opened umbrella, pink on a 0.5 mm. long stalk; anthers

yellow, 10-12 (average 10), horizontal, well-spaced and not touch-

ing each other, oblong, sessile. Female flowers of the same colour

as the male, 6 mm. in diam. in bud, sessile or on a 1 mm. long

pedicel; ovary ovoid, rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long, stigma with

about 8 lobes (bifid and each lobe again divided into 4). Fruit |

oblong or obovoid-ellipsoid, rusty-tomentulose, 2.5 cm. long and

1.2 cm. broad; stalk very short, 2-5 mm. long. Testa pale brown.

BORNEO BruneI: Ulu Supon, Tutong, Ashton BRUN 865

(BRUN, SAR, SING).

BRITISH

NorTH

BORNEO: S.1., Agama 419 (A, BM, BO, K, P, US);

Tawau, Elmer Nos. 21042 (A, BM, BO,

BRC, G, K, LE, M, NY; BS

U, UC) and 21527 (A, BM, BO, BR, C,

G, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, Sixt.

UC); Sub-cpt. 16, Cpt. 2, Bombay T.C.

Concession, Kalabakan, 30 mls. W.N.W.

of Tawau, Wood A4139 (KEP, L, SAN,

SING); Cpt. 14, Sepilok F.R., Sinclair

9311 (K, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 15, Se-

pilok F.R., Sinclair 9299 (E, K, L, SAN,

SING); Bettotan, Sandakan, Puasa 4587

(BO, K, L, PNH, SING); N. slopes of

Bukit Batangan, 5 mls. S. of Malaman,

Sipitangz, Wood & Kilang SAN 16643

(KEP, L, SAN, SING).

PULAU

NUNUKAN: Meijer 2327 (BO, L); Mara, Bulungan,

bb10756 (BO).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Brunei, British North Borneo and

P. Nunukan).

TYPE MATERIAL: Elmer 21527 (A, BM, BO, BR, C, G, K,

L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING, U, UC holo-

type).

204

Vol. XVII. (1961).

A small tree of lowland forest, striking and beautiful from

the white, silvery appearance of the undersurface of the leaves. It

must be placed along with K. hookeriana, furfuracea and latericia

on account of the bark of the trunk and twigs tending to crack

and scale off, the sessile anthers, the numerous stigma lobes and

the median bracteole of the pedicel. It is nearest to K. latericia, the

leaves being of about the same size, but it differs in the convex

staminal disc, the shorter tomentum of the fruit and above all in

the silvery lower surface of the leaves.

(8) Knema erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sinclair, comb. nov.

Basionym: Myristica erratica Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. (1855) 156:

A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Calc. 3 (1891) 323 pl. 162.

Synonyms: M. longifolia Wall. ex Bl. var. erratica (Hk. f. et

Th.) Hk. f. et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110. Knema siamensis

Warb. in Fedde, Repert. 16 (1919) 254—-syn. nov. M. angusti-

folia Roxb., sensu Kanjilal, Fl. Assam 4 (1940) 45. K. yunnanensis

H. H. Hu in J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 63, 8 (1938) 387 in obs. sine

descr. nom. nud.; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 328.

M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th., sensu Kanjilal, Fl. Assam

4 (1940) 45 quoad sp. Sibsagar.—Fig. 9.

Tree 20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown with large thin flakes;

sap copious, blood-red. Twigs with conspicuous striations and

furrows right up to the pale, yellowish-brown, tomentose apex.

Leaves thinly coriaceous, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

often with nearly parallel sides, apex acute or acuminate, base

acute or rounded, glabrous and shining above, thinly covered with

light brown stellate hairs beneath when young, later becoming

glabrous except for the midrib or persisting; main nerves 20-30

pairs, fine and raised above, prominent beneath, reticulations

forming a dense close network above (as in K. conferta), also

visible beneath but somewhat obscured by tomentum:; length 16—30

cm.; breadth 3—7 cm.; petiole 1-1.5 cm. long. Male flowers light

brown-tomentose, obtusely triquetrous or sub-globose, split down

_ to 2 way into the perianth lobes, 5 mm. in diam.; pedicels 7 mm.

long with the bracteole median or above the middle: staminal disc

flat with a short stipe: anthers 10-13, mostly 13 sessile (King says

stalked). Female flowers with a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again

bi-lobed. Fruit solitary or in pairs, ellipsoid, 2.5 cm. long and 2 cm.

broad, densely covered with stellate tomentum when young, the

tomentum shedding later; stalk slender, striate, 5 mm. —1 cm. long.

Aril scarlet, very thick.

205

Gardens Bulletin, §.

Amm t. ?

Fig. 9. Knema erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,

staminal column. E, fruit. All from Hk. f. et Th. s.n., Khasia (A

type material).

206

Vol. XVII. (1961):

~CHINA YUNNAN:

INDIA EAstT

HIMALAYA:

ASSAM:

EAST PAKISTAN:

BURMA:

SIAM SouTH-EASTERN

DIVISION: _

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAMES:

Szemao (Menjhel), Henry Nos. 11780 (E,.

K); 11780a (E, K) and 11780b (E, K);.

between Chieng Law and Muang Hun,

Rock 2384 (US).

Sikkim, King 2439 (CAL, K); Hk. f. et

Th. s.n.. (L).

S.1., Simmons s.n. (L); Khasi (Khasia),

Hk. f. et Th. s.n., 14th and 19th Oct.,

1850 (A, BM, BR, C, CAL, CGE, E,

FI, G Prodr.,; K; L, LE, M, P, U; W);

Hk. f. et Th. 1040 (P); Umiau, Khasi,

Bor 18387 (DD); 374 miles past G.S.

Road, Khasi, Kanjilal 4050 (CAL);

Khasi, Mann s.n. (CAL); Khasi & Jaintia

Hills, Bor 17838 (DD) and Kanjilal 6275

(DD); Mikir Hills, Simmons 704 (DD);

Naga Hills, Daleswari forest, Cachar,

Mann 345 (CAL); Jirebhat, Manipur,

Clarke 42361 (FI); Nongjaibang, Mani-

pur, Clarke 42348 (BM, CAL, LE);

near Fort Lungleh, S. Lushai Hills, Gage

114 (CAL, DD, PDA).

East Bengal, Griffith 4347 (CAL, K, P).

Nam Tamai Valley, Upper Burma, King-

don Ward 5534 (E); south-eastern Shan

States, ridge between Muang Len and

Meh Khong river basin, Keng Tung Ter-

ritory; Rock 2030 (A, UC, US).

Ban Dom railhead, Sriracha Forest, Collins

‘ 857 (BK); Nong Kaw, Sriracha Forest,

Collins 1939 (BK, BM); Cholburi, F.D.

15188 (BK, F); Kao Saming, Krat

(Trad) Kerr 9383 (BK, BM); Dan

Chumpon, Krat (Trad), Kerr 17607

(BK, BM); Kaw Chang, river bank at

Klong Son, Chantaburi (Chantabun),

Schmidt 690 (C).

China (Yunnan), India (East Himalaya,

Assam, East Bengal) Burma, Siam.

M. erratica Hk. f. et Th., Khasia, Hk. f. et

if. Un, Ones, C; CAL, CGE, FE. Fi

G Prodr., K holotype, L, LE, P, U, W).

K. siamensis Warb., Kaw Chang, Sch-

midt 690 (C) two sheets named K. sia-

mensis in Warburg’s hand-writing. In

his publication he states collector as

Schmidt but does not quote a number.

Tezranga; mamui; mota-pasuti (Assam);

bol-lanchi (Garo); bonsigejao (Kach.);

dieng-soh lang-snan (Khasi); chekpulu-

arong (Mik); indung (Tipp).

207

Gardens Bulletin, S.

I agree with Hooker f. and Thomson, A.DC. and King that this

is a distinct species. Hooker f. and Thomson, however, in Flora

British India reduced it to a variety of M. longifolia. Warburg did

not consider it distinct, but made it a synonym of K. angustifolia

(now K. cinerea var. andamanica) from which it differs in a

number of characters (see below). It is one of two species reaching

as far north as China (Yunnan) and at altitudes 2,000—5,000

ft., the other being K. globularia. It differs from var. andamanica

in having stellate tomentum on the lower surface of the leaves.

This tomentum is generally caducous except on the lower midrib

and nerves, but it may also persist. The leaves have more veins

and the reticulations are more distinct. The apices of the twigs are

much more striate and the colour of the tomentum on the twigs

and flowers much lighter than in var. andamanica. Further, the

anthers are sessile and the stipe of the staminal disc is shorter. It

also resembles K. linifolia and they both grow together in Assam

and Burma, but differs from that species in several important

characters. The flowers in linifolia are larger with more anthers,

14-18 as against 10-13 and the pedicels are longer. The shape of

the flower is pyriform or obovate, not triquetrous or sub-globose.

The bark of the trunk does not flake as in erratica and the leaves

are broader, thicker in texture and generally cordate at the base.

However, forms with leaves acute or rounded at the base do occur

and sapling or young leaves may also be acute at the base. Some of

these specimens look more like erratica and may present difficulties.

Sterile specimens of erratica also look like K. conferta and /aurina.

The presence of striations on the twigs and the raised veins of the

upper surface of the leaf will generally distinguish them from

laurina. K. conferta has more anthers and does not occur north of

Perak in Malaya (see notes under that species). I am unable to

separate K. siamensis from erratica. K. siamensis occurs in a small

pocket of the South Eastern Division of Siam. The distribution

seems unusual, but Tem Smitinand points out in a paper “The

Genus Dipterocarpus, Gaertn. in Thailand”, Thai For. Bull.

(Botany) 4 (1958) 5 that certain Burmese species such as Hedera

himalaica and Nyctocalos shanica are also present here.

In the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society 63, 8 (1938)

387, H. H. Hu mentions two new species of Knema from Yunnan.

There is no description here although the two species K. wangii

H. H. Hu and K. yunnanensis H. H. Hu were subsequently listed

in the Kew Index. There are no later descriptions of them and

consequently they are not validly published. I was able to find

specimens of K. wangii in Kew and Paris, Wang 80634 and see

that this plant is identical with K. globularia (Lamk) Warb. As

there is only one other species of Knema recorded from China,

208

Vol. XVUI. (1961).’

namely K. erratica, 1 suspected that K. yunnanensis might be

similar. Since I could not trace any specimens, I wrote to H. H. Hu

at the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Pekin who informs.

me that K. yunnanensis is indeed identical with K. erratica, but

that it was not validly published. It is represented by Wang 73168

- from Tsang-Yuan Hsian and Wang 78230 from Cheli both in

South Yunnan.

(9) Knema furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897)

581 t. 24 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 245;

Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70; Corner, Wayside Trees of

Malaya 1 (1940 & 1952 editions) 476; Sinclair in Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 275 f. 2 & Pl. IB.

Basionym: Myyristica furfuracea Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855)

159 [non A.DC., Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 206 = K. plumulosa]; Miq.

Fl. Ind: Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70: Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112;

King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 318 pl. 155.

Synonyms: Myristica longifolia Wall. ex Bl. sensu Hk. f. et Th.

Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 156 quoad sp. Penins. Malayanae tantum. M.

furfuracea Hk. f. et Th. var. major King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Calc. 3 (1891) 319 pl. 155 f. 6. K. pierrei Warb. Monog. Myrist.

(1897) 585: Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et in Flore

Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5, 2 (1914) 105—syn. mov. M. dongnai-

ensis Pierre Msc. nom. nudum.

INDO-

CHINA CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM): Now de Niulhoa, Prov. Nhatrang, Poilane

6335 (P, SING); Massif de la Mére et

Y’Enfant, Prov. Nhatrang, Poilane 6663

(P, SING).

SOUTH

VIETNAM

(COCHIN-

CHINA): Trangboum, Chevalier Nos. 36744 (P) and

36762 (P); Mt Lu, Bienhoa, Pierre 1627

(BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E. G and Boiss.,

RP SING

SIAM NorTHERN

DIvISsION: Chiengmai, Doi Chiangdao, Kerr 5621

(BK, BM) and Smitinand 2720 (SING);

Wieng Papao, Kerr 25/8 (BM); Muang

Fang, Kostermans 28 (BO, L).

PENINSULAR

DIVISION: S.1., Winit F.D. 15195 (SING).

SUMATRA s.L.: Batten-Pool, date 1939 (SING).

East Coast: Langkat, Si Sedapan, bb9366 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Batu Pantjeh, R. Moesi, Forbes 2694 (BM,

K, L, LE); Ogan Ulu, Teijsmann 3745

(BO, CAL, U).

209

Gardens Bulletin, S.

LAMPONG: Gunong Rati, Beremong, Iboet 159 (BO,

E).

RIouw ARCHI-

PELAGO: Tanjong Pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, L).

MALAY PENINSULA: _ All provinces except Perlis, and Prov. Wel-

lesley. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16

(1958) 277. New and first record for

Kelantan:—Kampong Gobek, Keriila

Estate Mohd Shah & Kadim 536 (K,

L, SING). Other records Perak, Pulau

Jarak, Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 71085

(KEP); Pulau Rumbia, Wyatt-Smith 51

(KEP).

BORNEO Sarawak: ~“Kelok Asam, Bako National Park, Purse-

glove 5047 (A, K, L, NY, SAR, SING).

BRUNEI: Bukit Teraja, Anderson SAR 2047 (BRUN,

SAR); 14 mile, Bangar-Batu§ Apoi

Road, Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN

17111 (BRUN, K, L, SING); north

slopes of Bukit Patoi, Ashton, Smythies

& Wood SAN 17402 (K, L, SING); Cpt.

5, Andulau F.R., Kuala Belait, Ashton,

Smythies & Wood SAN 17504 (K, L.,

SING).

BRITISH

NORTH

BORNEO: Cpt. 13, Sepilok F.R., Wood SAN 15430

(BO, L, SAN, SING); Leila F.R., Elo-

pura, Majuyap 55250 (SAN); Bettotan,

Sandakan, Kloss S.F.N. 19066 (BO, K.,

NY, SING, UC).

LABUAN: Low, date 1867, FI acc Nos. 7787; 7787A;

7787B and 7787C all (FI).

ANAMBA

ISLANDS: Near Terempak, Siantan, Henderson S.F.N.

20250 (BO, K, SING); Gunong Adang,

Jemaja, Henderson 20372 (BM, BO,

SING, UC).

P. NUNUKAN: Kostermans 10713 (BO, L).

P. TARAKAN: Amal-path, W. Meijer 2533 (BO, K, L,

SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Indo-China, Siam, Sumatra, Malay Penin-

sula, Riouw Archipelago and Borneo

except South and South-East Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. furfuracea Hk. f. et Th., Herb. Hook.,

no data, collector Porter or Wallich (A,

K holotype). M. furfuracea var. major

King, King Nos. 5600; 5720; 6059; 7551

and 10349 and Curtis Nos. 14509 and

2456, for distribution see Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 277. K. pierrei Warb. =

(M. dongnaiensis Pierre Msc.) Pierre

1627 (BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E, G and

Boiss., K, P, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Muang luat (Siam).

210

Vol. XVIII. (1961):

I cannot separate K. pierrei Warb. from furfuracea so have

reduced it. Warburg says it is very near to furfuracea. K. furfuracea

is somewhat variable in the size of its leaves but that can be ex-

pected as it has a wide distribution.

(10) Knema galeata J. Sinclair sp. nov.—Fig. 10.

Aspectu ramulorum et foliorum, antheris sessilibus bracteolo

mediano, haec species K. furfuraceae proxima, sed foliis basi non

cordatis, ramulis prope apicem levibus atro-rubro-brunneis non

decorticantibus, floribus masculis mitriformibus, extus pallidioribus,

pedicellis longioribus differt. K. mandaharan foliis huic simillima,

sed inter alia ramulis non fissis, pedicellis masculis multo

brevioribus, bracteolis basalibus floribus obovoideis sat dissimil-

lima.

Arbor 12—20 m. alta. Cortex extus griseo-brunneus, scabriuscu-

lus, abscidens, intus rubro-brunneus; latex ruber. Ramuli apice fer-

_ Tugineo-furfuracei 4-7 mm. crassi, 3—4 cm. infra apicem leves atro-

rubro-brunnei, in partibus vetustioribus decorticantes, griseo-brun-

nei. Folia rigido-coriacea, angusto-oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata,

marginibus parallelis, supra atro-viridia nitida, subtus leviter

glauca, juniora excepta glabra, apice acuta, basi rotundata non

cordata, 20-44 cm. longa, 5—8 cm. lata; costa utrinque elevata;

nervi 20—32-jugati paralleli utrinque prominentes; reticulationes

supra tenuissimae, subtus satis distinctae; petioli 1.8-2.5 cm. longi,

6 mm. crassi. Flores masculi ex tuberculis crassis lignosis 1—1.3

cm. longis orti; perianthium rigidum mitriforme cum angulis acutis,

ex annulo crasso basali in tres lobos divisum, extus ferrugineo-

tomentosum, intus roseum, 7 mm. longum, 1 cm. latum; pedicelli

2—2.3 cm. longi, medio bracteolati; discus staminalis rotundus,

leviter convexus, stipitatus, 18—20 antheris sessilibus coronatus.

Fructus ellipsoideus, 2—2.5 cm. longus, 1.5 cm. latus, furfuraceo-

tomentosus, pilis dendroideis deciduis tectus, apice cum + 10

lobis stigmatibus saepe persistentibus; stipes 7 mm. —1 cm. longus.

Tree 12—20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, slightly rough and flak-

ing; inner bark reddish-brown; sap red. Twigs stout, 4-7 mm. thick

at the rusty-furfuraceous apex, smooth and dark reddish-brown,

3—4 cm. below the apex, greyish-brown and tending to crack in

the older parts. Leaves stoutly coriaceous, narrow-oblong or

oblong-lanceolate with parallel sides, dark green and glossy above,

with whitish green midrib, glaucous beneath, with yellowish green

midrib and veins, glabrous except when very young, apex acute,

base rounded but not cordate; midrib raised on both surfaces:

nerves 20-32 pairs, parallel and raised on both surfaces: reticula-

tions fine above, more distinct beneath; length 20-44 cm., breadth

211

Gardens Bulletin, S.

lair.

A, twig with leaves. B, male flowers, mature. C, male flower. D,

staminal column. E, male flowers, immature. F, fruit. G, seed. H,

apex of fruit enlarged, showing hairs and stigmatic lobes. I, female

flowers. J, female flower enlarged. K, ovary and stigma. A—D from

Hassan SAR 4855 (SAR holotype). E from Kostermans 7062 (BO).

F—-H from Ladi s.n., Sungei Liang (SING). IJ from Ladi,

27 :2:1961, Ulu Lumut (SING).

212

Pe eT a1

‘Vol. XVIII. (1961).

5—8 cm.; petiole 1.8—2.5 cm. long and 6 mm. thick. Male flowers

‘on stout, woody, 1—1.3 cm. long protuberances; perianth rigid,

‘“mitriform in bud with acute angles, divided into 3 lobes to the

base where there is a thickened annulus inside, rusty-tomentose

outside, pink inside, 7 mm. long and 1 cm. broad; pedicels 2—2:3

cm. long, with a median bracteole; staminal disc circular, slightly

‘convex, stalked, resting on the annulus; anthers sessile, 18— 20.

‘Female flowers 8 mm.—1 cm. in diam., their stalks shorter than in

the male, 7 mm. —1 cm. long; ovary densely tomentose, 5 mm. in

diam. with a bi-lobed stigma, each lobe again divided into 4-5

laciniations. Fruit ellipsoid, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, fur-

furaceous-tomentose with dendroid hairs, becoming glabrous when

very old, the stigma lobes, about 10 in number, often persisting at

the apex; stalk 7 mm. —1 cm. long.

BORNEO Sarawak: Semengoh F.R., Kuching, Yakup SAR 8914

(BO, K, L, SING) and Sinclair Nos.

10189 (A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING)

and 10301 (A, E, K, L, SING).

BRUNEI: Berakas F.R., Anderson (Md. Hasan) SAR

9855 (BRUN, KEP, SAR, SING); Ash-

ton BRUN\ 945 (BRUN, SAR, SING);

Sinclair Nos. 10546 (FE, K, L, SAR,

SING) and 10547 (A, E, K, L, SAR,

SING); Bukit Puan, Ashton & Whitmore

BRUN. 636 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING);

Sungei Liang, Kampong Gana, Belait,

Ladi anak Bikas s.n. (E, K, L, SING)

‘ fruit; Ulu Lumut, Ladi, 27th Feb., 1961

(A, BM, E, K, L, SING) female flowers;

Tutong, Briinig SAR 1177 (SAR, SING).

EAST AND

NorTH-EAST

BORNEO: West Kutei, No. 19 L Puhus, Endert 4824

| (BO, K, L); East Kutei, S. Bai, bb13019

(BO, SING); Tanjong Bangko Region,

north of Mahakan River, Kostermans

7062 (BO; L, PNH, . SENG) Se.

Wain, Balikpapan, Kostermans 4094

(BO, K, L, SING).

BRITISH

NortTH

BORNEO: Cpt. 14 Kabili F.R., Onggib 49055 (10281)

(K, KEP).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo in sandy forests.

TYPE MATERIAL: Anderson (Md. Hasan) SAR 4855 (BRUN,

KEP, SAR holotype, SING).

This species is nearest to K. furfuracea but can be distinguished

from it when sterile by the leaves not being cordate at the base.

The bark on the twigs of both tends to crack but this process

-213

Gardens Bulletin, S.

starts much nearer the apex in furfuracea. Below the extreme rusty-

furfuraceous apex in K. galeata is a smooth dark reddish-brown

portion, but in furfuracea this portion has some tomentum and

already shows fissures. Only the older thicker portions in galeata

show the fissures. K. galeata is further distinguished by its much

longer male pedicels, 1.8—2.5 cm. as against 7 mm. —1 cm. long in

the other species. Along with K. hookeriana and K. retusa it has the

longest male pedicels in the genus. The large male flowers are

mitriform in mature bud and this character alone will distinguish

it from all other Knema species. When very young the mitriform

character is less or not apparent. The tomentum on the perianth is

of a darker colour, and the anthers too, are more numerous than

in furfuracea, 18-20 as against 10-13.

The leaves look almost exactly the same as those of K. manda-

haran and often they cannot be distinguished from it. The leaves

of mandaharan however, tend to have fewer veins and occasionally

are slightly cordate at the base but never so deeply cordate as in

K. furfuracea. The reticulations of the upper leaf surface in man-

daharan tend to be more distinct in specimens from higher altitudes.

The bark of the twigs does not show any tendency to crack so

sterile material of mandaharan can be distinguished from galeata

which has fissured bark on the twigs. The flower of mandaharan

with the very short pedicel is quite different.

(11) Knema giobularia (Lamk) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 601;

Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 325 f. 18.

Basionym: Myristica globularia Lamk. Mém. Ac. Paris (1788)

162 (non. Bl. in Rumphia).

Synonyms: K. corticosa Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 742 [incld.

var. tonkinensis Warb.] Warb. Mong. Myrist. (1897) 593 t. 25 f.

1-4; Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101; Lecomte, Fl. Gén.

de L’Indo-Chine 5 (1941) 105 f. 10 (14); Merr. in Trans. Amer.

Phil. Soc. 24, 2 (1935) 163. K. bicolor Raf. Sylva Tellur (1838)

137—syn. nov. K. missionis (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist

(1897) 602 t. 24 f. 1-3; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5,

23 (1912) 247; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 71; Corner,

Wayside Trees of Malaya 1 (1940 & 1952 editions) 477

text f. 159 & 161. K. wangii H. H. Hu in J. Roy. Hort.

Soc. 63, 8 (1938) 387 in obs. sine descr. nom. nudum.

K. sphaerula (Hk. f.) Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. (1939) 545.

K. petelotii Merr. in J. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 164. Myristica

lanceolata Wall. Cat. 6794 nom. nud. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk.

f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 158 pro parte quoad spec. tennas-

serim., cochinch. et malayana tantum; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856)

214

Vol. XVII. (1961).

205 pro parte quoad spec. cochinch. et malayana tantum; Kurz,

For. Fl. Br. Burma 2 (1877) 284 quoad sp. tenasserim. tantum.

M. glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 157 quoad

spec. malayana (Griffith et Cuming 2315) tantum (non M. glau-

cescens Wall., Wall. Cat. 6790=Tetranthera venulosa); Hk. f. et

Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 pro parte quoad Griffith 4344,

Cuming 2315, Maingay 1282 et Wallich 6788 & 6794 tantum.

M. chereevensis Pierre nom. nud. in sched. M. sphaerula Hk. f.

et. Th. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1890) 859. M. missionis King in Ann.

Roy. Bot. Gard. Cal. 3 (1891) 321 pl. 158.

SINE LOC.:

CHINA YUNNAN:

BURMA Lower BuRMa:

INDO-

CHINA s.L.:

NORTH

VIETNAM

(TONKIN):

Sonnerat (C, G, P) not Java.

Meng-la, Jenn-yeh Hsien, C. W. Wang

80634 (K, P).

Mt Popa, Rangoon, Dickason 6813 (A);

‘Tenasserim, Beddome 101 (K) and 6728

(BM); Moulmein, Falconer s.n. (E, M,.

P, PDA); Mergui, Griffith (Herb. Le-

mann) 692 (CAL, CGE, K) and s.n.

(DD, K) and s. coll. 422 (DD); Victoria

Point, P. Khant 11381 (DD) and Parkin-

son 2065 (DD, K); Mayinnge River,

Parkinson 1995 (DD, K).

Pourret (Herb. Barbier] : Py.

s.l., Bon s.n. (CAL, P); Kau Nga Shan,

Tien Yen, W. T. Tsang Nos. 27429 (A)

and 27516 (A); Pho Lu, Prov. Laokay,

Poilane 25188 (P); West Tonkin, Bon

Nos. 307 (P); and 1540 (P); Dong

Trung, West Tonkin, Bon 5102 (P);

West Tonkin, Bon 6106 (P); Prov. Phu

Tho, the following three:—Phu Ho,

Pételot 1546 (A, P, UC); Chan Mong,

Fleury 30114 (P); Trung Giap F.R.,

Fleury 38000 (P, SING); Prov. Sontay,

Tu Phap, Balansa Nos. 1012 (BR, G

and Boiss., K, P); 4196 (K, P); 4198

(BR. G and Boiss., K, L, LE, P) and

4199 (G) and Pételot 2625 (A, TI); Da

Chong, Prov. Sontay, Pételot 5825 (A,

BO, P); Mt Bavi, Prov. Sontay, Pételot

6608 (A, TI); Minh Thai, Bon Nos.

3162 (P); 3363 (K, P); 4142 GO, P);

9210 (P) and 4332 (LE, P); Pont des

Linhs, Prov. Vinh Yen, road to Tam

Dao, Pételot 5683 (A, P, US); Prov.

Vinh Yen, Pont des Linhs, Pételot 5375

(P, US); Linh Bam, Pételot 5720 (A,

P, US); South Tonkin, Yen Minh, Bon

1435 (P); South Tonkin, Bon 1643 (P).

215

Gardens Bulletin, S.

CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM): Prov. Nghe An, Co Ba Forest Reserve,

Fleury 30145 (P, SING); Hoi Xuan,

Prov. Thanh Hoa, Chevalier 37054 (P)

and Poilane 1741 (P, SING); Col No.

7, Prov. Vinh, Poilane 20004 (P, SING);

Bum Mo, Hayata 376 (P); Massif de

Dong Ché, Prov. Quang Tri, Poilane

10486 (P); Mt Bana, Clemens Nos. 3864

(A. BM, G, K, P, U,’ Ges" US)" aa

Bana, Poilane 1581 (P); near Tourane,

Bana, Poilane 29203 (P, SING); Massif

de la Mére et l’Enfant, Prov. Nhatrang,

Poilane Nos. 5128 (P, SING) and 6600

(P); Hue, Clemens 4377 (A, BM, G, K,

P, U, UC, US); Nui Bach Ma Station,

near Hue, Poilane 29919 (P); Tourane,

Chevalier Nos. 38438 (P) and 38566

(P); Thua Luu, Tourane, Chevalier

38283 (P); near Tourane, Col des Nua-

ges, Poilane Nos. 7990 (P); 8073 (P)

and 8079 (P).

SOUTH

VIETNAM

(COCHIN-

CHINA): s.l., Harmand Nos. 771 (BR) and 937

(BM); Can Danh, -Tay Ninh, Méiiller

Nos. 898 (P) and 1002 (P, SING); Chon

Thanh F.R., Prov. Thu Dau Mot, Fleury

Nos. 30009 (P) and 39348 (P); Prov.

Thu Dau Mot, Thorel 1154 (BM,

CAL, K, P); the following five Prov.

Bien Hoa: Buddhist temple, near Tan

Huyen, Pierre 260 (BM, BO, BR, CAL,

E, G and Boiss., K, LE, P. SING);

Phung v. Dien 135 (P, SING); Chaudoc,

Pierre 5431 (BR, CAL, E, G and Boiss.,

P); Loureiro s.n. (BM); Arboretum of

Trang Bom, Dubourdieu (Chevalier)

39179 (P); Me Khong Delta, Harmand

602 (P) and s.n. (CAL, K, P); Pulau

Condor (Herb. Pierre) de Perry 260

(P);Harmand s.n. (BM, E,. G, LE, P);

Nelson s.n. (BM).

Laos: Forest in neighbourhood of Savannakhet,

J. Vidal 1756 (P); neighbourhood of

Vientiane, J. Vidal 2250 (P).

CAMBODIA: s.l. Hahn s.n. (P); Béjaud 665 (A, BO, P);

road from Stung Treng to Kompong

Speu, Poilane 16297 (P); Bam Pe village,

Chey Thvea, Kg Soai (= Kg Svai)

Béjaud 344 (P); Kralanh, Kompong

Chnang, Chevalier 36875 (P); between

Pum Lovea and Pum Rong, Prov. Kg.

Speu, Poilane 17567 (P, SING); Tram

Kok, Miiller 367 (P); Chereev, Prov.

216

Vol. XVIII, (1961).

SIAM s.L.:

NORTHERN

DIVISION:

EASTERN

DIvISsION:

SOUTH-EASTERN

DIVISION:

CENTRAL

DIVISION:

SOUTH-WESTERN

DIVISION:

PENINSULAR

DIVISION:

Somrong Tong, Pierre 5431 (BR, E, G

and Boiss., P) several localities under

this number and Pierre 260; Cam Chay,

near Kampot, Poilane 22854 (P, SING).

Schmidt 516 (C); Winit 216 (BKF).

Ban Pasang between Ban Mehki and Ban

Hueybong, route from Chiengrai to

Chiensaen, Chiengmai, Rock 1892 (A,

E, UC, US); Nakawn Tai, Pitsanulok,.

Kerr 5842 (BK, BM).

Sangka, Surin, Kerr 8311 (BK, BM); Surin,.

Put Nos. 638 (BK, BM) and 669 (BK,

BM); Chok Chai (= Katok) Korat,.

Nakawn Rachasima, Kerr Nos. 8168

(BK, BM) and 8193 (BK, BM).

Ban Pe, Rayawng, Put 2751 (BK, BM);

Makham, Chantabun (= Chantaburi)

F.D.C. 176 (SING); Makham, Chanta-

buri, Chit 396 (BKF); Kao Sabap,

Chantaburi, Chit 354 (BKF); Makham,

Kerr 9553 (BK); Chantaburi, Lakshna-

kara 440 (BK, BM); Kao Phra Baht,

Chantaburi, Lakshnakara 509 (BK, BM);

jungle near Lem Dan, Trad (= Krad

or Krat, Schmidt 831 (C); Kao Saming,.

Trad, Kerr 9430 (BK, BM); Dan Chum-

pon, Trad, Kerr 17671 (BK, BM);

Klawng Mayom, Kaw Chang, Kerr 6863

‘(BK, BM); jungle at Klawng Salakpet,

Kaw Chang, Schmidt 880 (C); islet near

Kaw Krahdaht, Schmidt 581 (C); Sri-

racha Forest, Cholburi, Collins Nos. 583

(US) and 817 (US); Sriracha Forest,

Chak Yai, Collins 1775 (BK, BM, US);

Sriracha Forest, Nong Khum, Cholburi,.

Collins 1941 (BK, BM, US).

Saraburi, Chamruangsri F.D. 12120 (BKF);

Phukae, Saraburi, Smitinand 1545

(SING).

Chumpawn, Kerr 11650 (BK, BM).

Ranawng, Kerr 16599 (BK, BM); Kapor,.

Ranawng, Kerr 16686 (BK, BM); Rana-

wng, Haniff 376 (BM, K, SING); Kaw

Tao, ‘Surat, Kerr Nos. 1J1169 (BK,

BM, E, K, L, P); 12699 (BK, BM, K, P);

12786 (BM, E, K, L, P) and 16016

(BK, BM); Kaw Prap, Surat, Franck

473 (C) and Kerr 12524 (BK, BM);

Kaw Pa-ngan, Surat, Put Nos. 834

(BK, BM) and. /262 (BK, BM); Aow

217

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Luk, Krabi, Kerr 18556 (BK, BM);

Kaw Pipi, Krabi, Kerr 18906 (BK, BM);

Chawng, Trang, Din 316 (BKF); Tola,

Satul, Kerr 13852 (BK, BM); Pulau

Adang, Satul, Kerr 14080 (BK, BM);

Nakawn Sritamarat, Vanpruk 775 (K);

Kiriwongse, N. Sritamarat, Chit 83]

(SING); Tepa, Songkla, Kerr 14735

(BK, BM); Lem Son, Songkla, Kerr

15127 (BK, BM).

Also see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 327

for list of further localities in Peninsular

(Lower Siam).

MALAY PENINSULA: Perlis, Kedah, Kelantan, Penang, Treng-

ganu, Pahang, Malacca, Johore, Singa-

pore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16

(1958) 327.

SUMATRA ATJEH: Pulau Beras, Koorders 10532 (BO, SING).

R1ouw ARCHI-

PELAGO: Pulau Karas, Gunong Karas, Teijsmann

s.n. (BO).

DISTRIBUTION: China (Yunnan), Lower Burma, Indo-

China, Siam, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra.

This species has not been recorded pre-

viously from Sumatra.

TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica globularia Lamk, Sonnerat s.n.

et sl. (C, G, P holotype). K. bicolor

Raf. based on K. corticosa Lour., ac-

cording to Merrill in Trans. Amer. Phil.

Soc. 24 (1935) 163 (“A Commentary

on Loureiro’s Flora Cochinchinensis”)

but no type is stated. K. corticosa Lour.,

Loureiro s.n. (BM holotype). K. corti-

cosa var. tonkinensis Warb., Balansa

Nos. 1012 (BR, G and Boiss., K, P);

4196 (K, P) and 4198 (BR, G and Boiss.,

K, P). K. petelotii Merr., Pételot 6608

(A holotype, TI). K. wangii H. H. Hu,

Wang 80634 (K, P). Myristica cheree-

vensis Pierre, Pierre 5431 (BR, E, G

and Boiss., P). M. glaucescens Hk. f. et

Th., Cuming 2315 (A, BM, C, G and

Boiss., K, L, LE, M, P, UPS) and Gri-

ffith 4344 (A, BM, C, CAL, DD, FI, G

and Boiss., K, LE, M, P, S). M. lanceo-

lata Wall. Cat. 6794 (A, BM, BR, CGE,

G and Prodr., K, LE, M). M. missionis

King, Wall. Cat. 6788 (K, CAL). M.

sphaerula Hk. f., Cantley 31 (K_ holo-

type, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Kyweith wegyi (Burma); mau cho; huyét

muong (N. Vietnam); huyét cau (C.

Vietnam); Sang mau (S. Vietnam); sma

krebey (Cambodia); thom luat; luat ma

(Laos); ham bai lek; ka ham; luat fai;

luat khwai, the most widely used name;

luat kwat; luat ma; luat raet; mui han

(Siam).

218

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

(12) Knema glomerata (Blanco) Merr. in J. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc.

76 (1917) 81 excl. Villamil 241; Sp. Blancoanae (1918) 151 et

Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 183.

Basionym: Sterculia glomerata Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 764,

ed. 2 (1845) 525, ed. 3, 3 (1879) 164; F.-Vill. Novis. App. (1880)

27; Merr. in Govt. Lab. Publ. (Philip.) 27 (1905) 24, 73.

Synonyms: Sterculia decandra Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 766, ed.

2 (1845) 526, ed. 3, 3 (1879) 166. Myristica heterophylla F.-

Vill. Novis. App. (1880) 178; Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886)

220. M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu F.-Vill. Novis. App.

(1880) 178; A.D.C. Prodr. 14 (1856) 205 quoad Philip. Vidal,

Phan. Cuming. Philip. (1885) 139 et Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886)

220. M. iners Bl. sensu Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 221.

M. laurina Bl. sensu Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 221. M.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th. sensu Ceron, Cat. Pl. Herb. Ma-

nila (1892) 141 excl. Vidal Nos. 3548 & 3568, see note under type

material. M. stenocarpa (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.

2, 1 (1900) 91 nom. alt. Knema heterophylla (F.-Vill.) Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 573 t. 25 f. 1-2; Merr. in Philip. Journ.

Sc. 1 bot. suppl. (1906) 55 et 3 bot. (1908) 407. K. heterophylla

var. pubescens Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 576 = [M. laurina

BI. sensu Vidal 1.c. 221]. K. stenocarpa Warb. Monog. Myrist.

(1897) 577; Elmer Leafl. Phil. Bot. 3 (1911) 1064; Merr. Enum.

Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1823) 184-syn. nov. K. vidalii Warb. Monog.

Myrist. (1897) 615; Merr. Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 184—syn..

nov. K. gitingensis Elm. Leafl. Phil. Bot. 3 (1911) 1065. K. acumi-

nata Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 17 (1920) 256—syn. nov?—Fig. 11-

Tree 5-12 m. high. Bark grey, smooth or flaking slightly in old

trees; sap pink, copious. Twigs when young 2 mm. thick and rusty-

furfuraceous at the apex, becoming smooth and dark reddish-

brown, lower down grey, striate and stouter. Leaves chartaceous,

elliptic, elliptic-lanceolate or lanceolate, usually widest at the mid-

dle, sometimes with one or two sinuations or small lobes (hence

heterophylla), glabrous except the lower midrib which later sheds.

its rusty scurf, medium green and dull to shining above, glaucous

beneath, apex acute, base rounded or acute; midrib raised on both

surfaces; nerves 12-20, average 16 pairs, faint above, prominent

beneath, curving and interarching at the margin; reticulations faint

above, fine but visible beneath; length 12—23 cm., average 17 cm.,

breadth 3.5—9 cm., average 7 cm.; petiole 1 cm. long. Male flowers

rusty-tomentose or occasionally tomentulose outside, pink or red

inside, 3—4 mm. long, 5 mm. broad in bud and 7—8 mm. across

when expanded; pedicels 4-7 mm. long with a median bracteole,

219

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Fig. 11. Knema glomerata (Blanco) Merr.

A, twig with leaves. B, lobed leaf. C, male flowers. D, male flower

enlarged. E—-F, staminal column. G, female flowers. H, female flower

enlarged. I, ovary and stigmas. J, fruit. A from Sinclair & Edajio

9454 (SING). B from Ramos 1482 (NY). C—F from Williams 900

(NY). G—I from Curran 10477 (NY). J from McGregor 22974

(NY).

220

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

staminal disc white, convex with 8-13, average 11, sessile anthers.

Female flowers 5 mm. long with a thicker, 5 mm. long pedicel;

ovary rusty-tomentose; stigma sessile, green, bi-lobed, each lobe

again divided into 3—4 lobes or serrations. Fruit oblong, sub-glo-

bose or obovoid, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8—2.3 cm. broad, covered

with rusty scurf; stalk 5 mm. long.

PHILIPPINES Mrnporo: Vicinity of Puerto Galera, Bartlett 13476

(A); Mt Yagaw, Conklin 17441 (PNH,

US); M. D. Sulit & Conklin 17628 (BM,

K, PNH) and east of Mt Yagaw, Conk-

lin 37576 (L, SING); Mt Halcon, Edafio

3241 (A, BR, L, PNH); Baco River, Mc-

Gregor 245 (K); Paluan, Ramos 39614

(A, CAL, NSW, SING, TOFO); Pina-

malayan, Ramos Nos. 40865 (A, P);.

40924 (BO, L); and 4/7105 (P, US).

BATANES

IsLANDS: Baian Island, Batanes Prov., Ramos 80445

4(K, NY, SING).

BABUYAN

IsLANDS: Calayan Island, Velasco 26652 (K, US);

Camiguin Island, Camiguin Volcano,

Edano 79136 (NY, SING); Mt Mapo-

lapolo, Camiguin Island, Edafio 79374

(BO, NY, SING); Camiguin Island,

Fénix 4049 (CAL, US).

LUZON: Prov. Ilocos Norte:—s.]., Paraiso 26280

(NY); Bangui to Claveria, Ramos Nos.

33094 (BM, BO, L) and 33095 (A, P).

Prov. Apayao:—Fénix Nos. 28026 (BM,

- (BRI, NSW, UC, US) and 28277 (CAL,

SING).

Prov. Cagayan:—s.]., Bernardo 2427! (K,

US); Klemme Nos. 7058 = (2090) (BO,

DD) and /3417 (BR, LE); Lagum, vici-

nity of Pefiablanca, Adduru 243 (A, K,

P, US); Gonzaga, Edafio 78242 (NY);

Mt Bawa, Edafio 78484 (NY).

Prov. Isabela:—Ilagan, Vidal 3559 (K);

Malunu, Warburg Nos. 11589 (L, M, P,

W) and 11590 (C, FI, G and Boiss., L,

LE, M).

Prov. Nueva Vizcaya:—Ramos 8266 (BO,

CAL, L)-

Prov. Benguet:—Sablan, Elmer 6156 (G

and Boiss., K, NSW, NY, P, TI, US);

Baguio, Elmer 8957 (A, BO, E, FI, G,

ot. EE, NSW, NY, US).

Proy. Nueva Ecija:—Mt Umingan, Ramos

& Edafio 26423 (A, K, US).

Prov. Zambales:—Olongapo, Alambra

23451 (US); s.l., Curran 5996 (CAL)

and Medina 23537 (BO, US).

221

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Prov. Tarlac:—La Paz, Vidal 509 (FI, K,

L); Camiling, Zschokke 15396 (BM,

NSW).

Prov. Bataan:—s.l., Curran 17317 (BM,

NSW); Elgincolin & Ranario 27765 (BM,

BO); Pascual 28794 (K, MEL); Lamao

F.R., Foxworthy 1590 (PNH); Lamao

River, Mt Mariveles, the following:—

Barnes 500 (NY, US); Borden Nos. 625

(BO, K, NSW, NY, SING, US); 1180

(BO, K, NSW, NY, SING, US); 1372

(K, NY, US); 1655 (K, NSW, NY, US);

1663 (K, NSW, NY, US); 2556 (BO, K,

NY>*SING, US); 2723 (K, MY. US);

UC accession Nos. 239236 (UC) and

239547 (UC); Merrill 2533 (A, CAL, K,

NY, SING, US); Meyer 2815 (BO, K,

NY, SING, US); Warburg Nos. 13644

(C, L, LE, M, W) and 13644a (C, G

and Boiss., L, M); Whitford 366 (K,

NY, P, US) and 520 (KK, NY, US);

Williams Nos. 900 (NY) and 901 (NY).

Prov. Rizal:—s.]., Ahern’s collector 3192

(BO, K, NY, SING, US); Mariano

27159 (BM, US); Ramos 1072 (A,

BRSL, FI, G, M, U, UC, US); Ramos

2638 (BM, NSW); Montalban, Loher

Nos. 6702 (M); 6711 (K, M); 6713

(M); 6714 (BO, K, M, US) and 6720

(K, M); Bosoboso, Ramos 1482 (BO,

CAL, NY, US); Mt. Susong, Dalaga,

Ramos & Edafio 29268 (A, US).

Prov. Cavite:—Ramos & Deroy Nos. 22574

(Ax BM, . BO, CAL, -K, Lc SW. 8.

SING, UC, US) and 22583 (A, BO,

BRI, CAL, NSW, SING, UC, US).

Prov. Laguna:—s.]., McGregor 22974 (A,

BO, CAL, K, NY, P, SING, US); Los

Banos, Elmer 8228 (BO, K, NY); Tame-

sis Nos. 11932 (L) and 11946 (BO, BR,

CAL, LE); San Antonio, Ramos Nos.

10957 (BO, E, CAL) and 21980 (K,

US); Mt Makiling, Baker 3309 (BRI,

K, SING); Ballesteros 9474 (PNH);

T.B. Banaga 33399 (L, PNH, US); Cani-

cosa 9719 (PNH); Elmer 17565 (A, BM,

BG, ©. CAL, G, K, L,.P; NY, 5S, Ae

US); Esben 34287 (PNH); Forestry

Student 34126 (KEP, PNH); Holman 81

(A); Ilagan 35487 (PNH); Lamanilao

34269 (PNH); Peralta 35480 (PNH);

Quitoles 34366 (K, PNH); Rosenbluth

& Tamesis 12690 (BO); Sinclair & Edaftio

9454 (B, E, K, L, M, PNH, SING);

Sulit, Mendoza & Student 20 (NY);

M.D. Sulit Nos. 3224 (PNH); 7053 (A,

BR, DD, PNH); 7054 (PNH) and

222

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

22880 (BM, BO, K, L, PNH, US);

Sumague 37301 (PNH); Mt Banajao,

Ocampo 27913 (A, BO, NY).

Prov. Batangas:—Merrill 504 (A, BM, BO,

CAL, K, L, NY, NSW, P, US).

Prov. Quezon:—Alabat Island, Ramos &

Edano 48143 (NY, UC); Tayabas, Ba-

wan 24613 (A, K, US); Manuel 21639

(US) and Vidal Nos. 3549 (K); 357]

(K) and 3572 (K); Kinatakutan, Taya-

bas, Oro 30833 (NY, SING); Mt

Binuang, Ramos & Edano 28595 (A,

BRI, US).

Prov. Camarines:—s.l., Aguilar 24533

(BRI, US); Alvarez 21444 (BRI, K, P,

US).

Prov. Camarines Sur:—Mt Isarog, Curran

10436 (BO, BR, CAL); s.l., 10477 (BO,

NY, US); Alanao, Bicol National Park,

Sinclair & Edafio 9553 (B, E, K, L, M,

P, PNH, SING).

Prov. Albay:—Aguilar 14301 (BR); Cu-

ming Nos. 844 (BM, C, CGE, FI, G

and Prodr. and Boiss., K, L, LE, M,

MEL, P, UPS, W); /309 (BM, CGE,

FI, G and Boiss., K, L, LE M, MEL,

NY, P, UPS, W) and 1042 (CGE, FI,

G and Boiss., K, LE, P, W); Bulan,

Vidal 3551 (K).

Prov. Sorsogon:—Irosin (Mt Bulusan)

Elmer Nos. 16229 (A, BM, BO, C, CAL,

Gc Kiel. NSW, NY; P,.U,—YC, US)

and 16616 (A, BM, BO, C, CAL, FI, K,

L; NSW, NY, P, PNH, S, U, UC, US,

as 4

McGregor 10344 (BO, BR, CAL, LE).

Vidal Nos. 1679 (FI, L) the K duplicate is

M. agusanensis (in Warb. under M.

cumingii p. 443) and 3564 (K).

Ramos & Edafio Nos. 75339 (BO, CAL,

NY, SING, UC) and 75534 (CAL,

SING, UC).

Mt Giting-giting, Elmer 12200 (A, BM,

BO, .BRSL, CAL, E, G, K, L, NSW,

NY, US).

Clark 1086 (K, NY, US).

Ramos 17590 (P, US); Mt Cansayao,

Catarman, M.D. Sulit 14417 (K, L,

PNH).

Rosenbluth 12744 (US); Wenzel Nos. 743

(A, BM, G) and //34 (A, BM, G);

Dagami, Ramos 15277 (K, US).

223

BILIRAN:

CEBU:

NEGROS:

PANAY:

GUIMARAS

ISLAND:

SULU

ISLANDS:

BASILAN:

MINDANAO:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

McGregor 18576 (A, P, US).

Espinosa 6418 (SING).

Curran 17462 (BR, BRI, CAL, LE);

Negros Occidental, Dumaguete, Cuernos

Mts, Elmer 10132 (A, E, G, LE) and

Insular Lumber Co. track, Faraon,

Meyer & Foxworthy 13569 (BO, CAL,

LP);

Edafio 45971 (BM, BRI, DD, NY, §S,

SING, UC); Jamindan, Ramos & Edano

30948 (A, BM, P); Libacao, Ramos &

Edano 31461 (A, K, UC); Migao, Prov.

llo-ilo, Vidal 3566 (K).

Vidal 507 (FI, K, L).

Tawitawi, Alcasid & Celestino 7499 (A)

and Ramos & Edano 44119 (BM, BRI,

DD; G, L, MEL, NY, SING, UC);

Warburg 13304 (M).

Hutchinson 6110 (NY, P, US); Miranda

18942 (BM, US).

s.l., Warburg Nos. 13303 (B, C, FI, L, M,

P, W) & 13303a (C, L, M, P, W).

Prov. Surigao:—Borja 28139 (A, K); Hut-

chinson 7560 (NY); Ramos & Pascasio

34569 (A, K, US); Wenzel Nos. 2789

(A, BR, K, M, NY, UC); 2979 (A, B,

BO, BR, G, K, M, NY, SING, UC);

3411 (A, BO, BR, DD, G, K, NY, UC).

Prov. Agusan:—Jabonga, Ramos & Convo-

car 83606 (NY); sub. prov. Butuan,

Rafael & Ponce 20745 (K, P, US).

Prov. Davao:—Todaya (Mt Apo) Elmer

Nos. 10960 (A, BO, BRSL, CAL, E,

FI, G, K, L, LE, NY); 10990 (A, BM,

BO; BRSL. GAL. EF. FL Gi Ea

NSW, NY, US, W) and //935 (A, BM,

BO, BRSL, CAL, E, G, K, L, LE, NSW,

NY, US, W); Mati, Ramos & Edaiio

49330 (BO;"G *DD, LE, SING... UGE

Santa Cruz, Williams Nos. 2876 (K, NY,

US); 2892 (A, NY) and 29]1 (DD,

NY).

Prov. Cotabato:—Carmen, Afionuevo 13563

(LPN),

Prov. Lanao:—Guerrero 30364 (BM, G,

NY, UC); Camp Keithley, Lake Lanao,

Clemens Nos. 964 (BO, G, M) and J/1]

(G. US); vicinity of Dansalan, Momun-

gan Road, Zwickey 228 (A, NY); vici-

nity of Abaga, Zwickey 655 (A, NY).

Prov. Zamboanga del Norte:—Frake Nos.

38112 (L) and 38259 (L).

224

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Prov. Zamboanga del Sur:—Malangas,

Ramos & Edario Nos. 36854 (A, BM,

Bo. BRK. 1L..P. Us): coors CaO. P,

US); 37079 (A, BO, K, US); and 37444

(A, K, US); Banga, Whitford & Hut-

chinson Nos. 6026 (BR); 9107 (K, US)

and 9385 (NY, US); Sax River, Williams

2340 (A, K, NY, US); Mt Tubuan,

Ramos & Edafio 36682 (A, K, P, US)

not the Mt Tubuun in Prov. Cagayan.

DISTRIBUTION: Widely distributed throughout the Philip-

pines.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sterculia glomerata Blanco, no type speci-

men; interpreted by Merr. from Blanco’s

description and vernacular names tam-

balao and hindurugu. S. decandra Blanco,

no type specimen. M. heterophylla F.-

Vill., Vidal 507. M. corticosa Hk. f. et

Th. sensu P.-Vill. Vidal 508 (not seen

by me). M. laurina Bl. sensu Vidal =

_K. heterophylla var. pubescens Warb.,

‘ Vidal 509. M. glaucescens Hk. f. et Th.

sensu Ceron, Vidal Nos. [3548 = kor-

thalsii]; 3551; 3559; [3568 = kunstleri];

3571 and 3572 = glomerata. K. steno-

carpa Warb. Warb. 13303. K. vidalii

Warb. = M. iners Bl. sensu Vidal 1679.

K. gitingensis Elm., Elmer 12200. K.

acuminata Merr., Klemme 11266 Prov.

Isabela, Luzon, not seen by me and pre-

sumed lost or destroyed.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Alas (Ig.); alimpapafigan (Neg.); anoling

(P. Bis.); dagdagan (Ibn.); dara-dara,

dumadara & ubian (Ilk.); dogoan (C.,

Bis., Mbo); doguan (Sbl., Tag., S., L.,

_Bis.); duguan (Tag., Bik., P., Bis.); du-

madaga (Ap.); durugo & hindurugu

(Tag.); kalahaglahag (Sul.); lago &

libago (Bag.); lapak; margabulo; matum-

baulalaki (Tag.); panigan (Neg.);

parugan (Tag.); talihagan (Neg.); tam-

balau & tambalau-lalaki (Tag.).

This is the commonest species of Knema in the Philippines and

being widely distributed, is somewhat variable. It is close to K.

korthalsii but the most reliable difference is the fewer nerves, 12~20,

average 16 pairs as against 20-40 pairs in korthalsii. The flowers

too, are slightly smaller than those of korthalsii, the male having

8-13, average 11 anthers as against 13-20, average 18 in korthalsii.

For other differences see under korthalsii. I have seen no specimen

of K. acuminata Merr., Klemme 11266, in any herbaria and I

presume it is lost or destroyed. Merrill says that it is close

to K. vidalii (a synonym of K. glomerata) but easily distinguished

by its slenderly acuminate, few-nerved leaves. From the description

I can only assume that it is a form of the common glomerata with

225

Gardens Bulletin, S.

-smaller leaves and fewer veins. As it was collected in Prov. Isabela

‘in the north of Luzon, the habitat may not be so congenial as the

’ warmer, less exposed south. Merrill in his Enumeration of the Phil.

“Fl. Plants 2 (1923) 183 lists K. glauca (Blume) Warb. as occurring

“in the Philippines, but the numbers quoted by him are only korthal-

‘sii and glomerata.

‘ The specimens collected in Formosa at Kotosho Island, by

‘Kawakami and Nakahara, s.n., date 1905-06 (T1); Kawakami and

Sasaki s.n. (TI) and Sasaki s.n. (T1) are not K. glomerata. They

were first identified as Myristica laurifolia Hk. f., see Icones Plant-

‘arum Formosarum (Hayata) and later by Kudo and Masamune

-as Myristica glomerata. The last two authors made them the basis

of a new combination :—Myristica glomerata (Blanco) Kudo and

~Masamune in Annual Rep. Taihoku Bot. Gard. 2 (1932) 89. I

, have examined the specimens and they are a coriaceous leaved

variety of Myristica cumingii Warb. also known as M. cagayanensis

‘Merr. It will be seen from the distribution list that K. glomerata

has been found in the Batan Islands in the extreme north of the

Philippines but so far not in Formosa. It should be looked for

In the islands off the southern tip of Formosa, but perhaps most

‘of the primary forests there have long since been cut down.

(13) Knema hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb. Monog. Myrist.

~ (1897) 551 t. 24 f. 1-4; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23

(1912) 237; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 67; Corner, Wayside

_ Trees of Malaya 1 (1940 & 1952 editions) 476 et Vol. 2 pl.

_ 218; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 272 f. 1 pl. IA.

Basionym: Myristica hookeriana Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855)

- 156; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 204; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2

(1858) 69 et Suppl. (1861) 384; Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886)

— 109; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 325 pl. 163.

SUMATRA East Coast: Huta Padang, near Continental Plantation

Co. Concession, Asahan, Krukoff 4289

(BO) and 4445 (SING); Sibolangit,

Lorzing 5258 (BO, L, SING); Band-

jalinggi, S. of Tebing-tinggi, Ldrzing

7512 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Lematang Ulu, Lambach 1335 (BO, L,

SING, U).

MALAY PENINSULA: _ All provinces except Perlis and Prov. Wel-

; lesley. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16

(1958) 274.

New and first record for Kelantan:—

Kuala Krai, K.F.N. 68774 (KEP).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.

‘ ' TYPE MATERIAL: Myristica hookeriana Wall. Cat. 6802A (A,

/ BM, CAL, DD, E, G, K holotype, M).

7226

Vol. XVII. (1961).

The Labuan specimens of Beccari FI acc. Nos. 7787; 7787A,

7787B and 7787C (FI), collected by Low and quoted by Warburg,

page 553, are not K. hookeriana but K. furfuracea. There are no

records of K. hookeriana as yet from Borneo.

(14) Knema intermedia (Bl.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 564

t. 25 f. 1-2; Gamble, Mat. FI. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 239;

Koorders, Exkursionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258; Ridley, FI.

Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 68; Corner, Wayside Trees of Malaya 1

(1940 & 1952 editions) 477; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16

(1958) 315 f. 15, pl. IB.

Basionym: Myristica intermedia Bl. Rumph. 1 (1835) 187;

Hk. f. et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 158; A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856)

206; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70; Hk. f. et Th. FI. Br.

Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann. Roy Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891).

317 pl. 154; Koorders en Pe eieton, Med. Lands Pl. Tuin 17

(1896) 192.

Synonyns: M. glauca Bl. sensu Zoll. Msc., Moritzi, System.

Verzeichniss, Java (1845) 38. M. glabra de Vriese (non BI.) Pl.

Indiae Batavae Orientalis [Pl]. Reinwardt.] (1857) 85. M.

iteophylla Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 59. M. corticosa var.

decipiens Mig. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 51.

SUMATRA West Coast: Sungei Bulu, Padang, Beccari 901 (FI, K,.

E, MEL): Pajakumbu, Teijsmann 478

(BO, U).

East Coast: eagles near Aek Kanopan, Lundut Con-

cession, Kuala, Bartlett 7329 (K, L, NY,

US); Si Mandi Angin, Sungei Kanan,

Subdivision Labuhanbatu, District Kota

Pinang, Rahmat Si Boeea (R. Si Toroes)

ae ARS bk, NY, UC, US); Huta

Bagasan, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea Nos.

6887 (A, S, SING, UC, US) and 7982

(A, S, SING, UC, US); vicinity of Lum-

ban Ria, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea 8054

(A, S, SING, UC, US); Bengkalis,

Bruinier 274 (BO); ’Selat Pandjang, P.

Tebing-tinggi, Bruinier 209 (BO); P..

Mendol, Bruinier 240 (BO). -

PALEMBANG: Banjuasin & Kubestreken, TJ135 (BO);.

Gunong Meraksa, Forbes 2573 (BM,

CAL, L, LE); Lematang Ulu, Lambach

1348 (BO, L); Ranau, G. Pakiwang, de

Voogd 463 (BO).

LAMPONG: S.1., Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

BANKA: Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Anta 184 (BO,

K,L); Djebus, Teijsmann s.n. (BO,

SING); Sungei Liat, Teijsmann s.n. (BO,

SING).

2227

LINGGA ARCHI-

PELAGO:

Rrouw ARCHI-

PELAGO:

MALAY PENINSULA:

JAVA S.L.:

WEsT Java:

BORNEO SaRAWAK:

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO:

NATUNA

ISLANDS:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Pulau Singkep, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING).

Tanjong Pinang, Teijsmann s.n. (BO,

SING).

All provinces except Perlis, Kedah, Treng-

ganu, Pahang and Negri Sembilan. For

list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 317.

These are probably all in West Java:—

Blume s.n. (BO, K, LE, U) must be

Salak and Tjampea; Jelinek s.n. (LE,

W); Kuhl & Hasselt s.n. (CAL, L);

Lobb 315 (A, BM, E, FI, G and Boiss.,

W) not Singapore; Zollinger 1163 (BM,

FI, G and Boiss., LE, MEL, P).

Batu Hidung, Tjimara, Udjong Kulon,

Koorders Nos. 5262 (BO, CAL, L, P);

Bantam, Forbes 542a (BM, BO, CAL,

FI, K, LE); Bogor JA 6886 (L,

PNH); Gunong Paniisan, Bogor, Bak-

huizen v.d. Brink 6141 (BO, L);

Pasir Kiaradjingkang, west of Bogor,

Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 6381 (BO, BRI, L);

Tjampea, Koorders Nos. 15522 (BO)

and 30470 (BO, L); G. Tyjibodas, Tjam-

pea, Reinwardt s.n. (L, MEL) and one

sheet (L) is probably Blume; Tjampea,

Warburg 2500 (LE, W); Parungkuda,

Tapos near Tjisalak, Preanger, Bakhuizen

v.d. Brink 5064 (BO, BRI, CAL, G and

Boiss., K, L, P, SING, U, UC); Pelabuan-

ratu, Preanger, Koorders Nos. 5238 (BO,

L); 5239 (BO, K, L); 5240 (8G;-CAL,

i3P):. 5242404802); 524

5267 (BO); 11790 (BO, K, L); 11793

(BO, L); 12277 (BO); 12294 (BO, L);

33063 (BO) and 33122 (BO).

Near Kuching, Haviland 1967 (CAL, K,

SAR, SING); Matang (Haviland)

Garai 1440/1086 (SAR); Sungei Tissak,

Triso, Anderson Nos. SAR 3184 (KEP,

SAR, SING) and SAR 3185 (KEP,

SAR, SING); Loba Kabang Protected

Forest, Sibu, Anderson SAR 412 (KEP,

SAR, SING); Binatang, Pulau Bruit,

Anderson SAR 9039 (BO, K, L, SAR,

SING) and 9055 (BO, K, L, SAR,

SING); Sungei Kelepu, P. Bruit, Ander-

son SAR 7931 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING).

S.1., Korthals s.n. (CAL, L, MEL); Tei-

jsmann s.n. (BO, U); 10 km. west of

Sampit, Buwalda 7820 (A, BO, K, L).

G. Ranai, P. Bunguran, v. Steenis 1335

(BO, L, SING).

228

—- -

Vol. XVII. (1961).

CULTIVATED: Hort. Bog., Beccari Nos. 7760 (FI); 7761

(FI); 7762 (FI) all origin Palembang;

Kurz 1522 (CAL); Teijsmann, date

1867 (MEL); Warburg 1743 (C, G and

Boiss., L, M, P, W) origin Banka; IVG

85 (NY, US).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra, including Banka, Riouw-Lingga

Archipelago, Malay Peninsula, Borneo in

part and West Java.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. intermedia Bl., Salak, Tjampea and

mountains of West Java. No collector

stated by Blume. He based the species

on his own material. M. glabra de Vriese,

Reinwardt s.n. (L, MEL). M. glauca Bl.

sensu Zoll. Zollinger 1163 (BM, FI, G

and Boiss., LE, MEL, P). M. iteophylla

Miq. Teijsmann 478 (BO, U holotype).

M. corticosa var. decipiens Miq., Borneo,

Korthals s.n. (CAL, L, MEL).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Ki-mokla (W. Java); kumpang (Sarawak).

M. intermedia var. minor Mig. Japara, Java, Teijsmann s.n.

(U holotype) is K. cinerea var. sumatrana. This species does not

occur in Ambon or Batjan as stated by Warburg p. 566. The

Moluccas specimens cited by him belong to K. tomentella. Forbes

592 is K. cinerea var. sumatrana. K. intermedia var. dubia Warb.

[Wall. Cat. 68/0] is K. plumulosa.

(15) Knema kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 12.

Species affinis K. rigidifoliae a qua foliis minus coriaceis et

plerumque minoribus, antheris paucioribus, fructibus oblongis

minoribus differt. Aspectu foliorum K. cinereae var. sumatranae ex

montibus borneensibus interdum similis sed nervis et reticulationi-

bus supra valde elevatis dissimilis.

Arbor 10—20 m. alta. Cortex griseo-brunneus laevis; latex roseus

exilis. Ramuli apicibus nigro-brunnei, puberuli, infra griseo-brun-

nei, glabri, striati. Folia coriacea lanceolata utrinque acuta, supra

atro-viridia, nitida, subtus glauca, 10-18 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata;

costa utrinque elevata supra albo-viridis subtus flavo-viridis sed

in sicco hic modice brunnea; nervi 16—20-jugati utrinque elevati

subtus brunnei; reticulationes densae utrinque distinctae; petioli

1-2 cm. longi. Flores masculi 4-5 mm. longi extus ferrugineo-

pubescentes, intus roseo-albi, lobis 3-5, antheris 7-10 distantibus

flavidis breviter stipitatis, disco roseo, plano vel leviter convexo

praediti; pedicelli 3-4 mm. longi medio bracteolati. Flores feminei

longe urceolati 7-8 mm. longi; ovarium ferrugineo-pubescens 3

mm. longum in stylum bifidum terminatum. Fructus oblongus

ferrugineo-tomentellus, secus suturam valde angulatus, 3.5-4 cm.

229

Hore oh

it.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tey OM

Sees

WES

su AS AN «li,

LAR

X Sill

CRRA

SESS

AGM ite 4 Sa ye \

KS Nog N |

Wy o aN ee f

ie, = a4

Fh ry}

SSS

RSs

ony

CON YS

rn t a

E, twig with male flowers. F, male flower enlarged. G, staminal

230

column. A—C from Sinclair 9006 (SING). D from Clemens 29515

(SING). E—G from Sinclair 9224 (SING isotype).

5mm

Fig. 12. Knema kinabaluensis J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and female flowers. B—C, female flowers. D,

Vol. XVII. (1961).

longus, 2.5 cm. latus cum stipite 5-8 mm. longo. Arillus roseo-

tuber. Seminis integumentum exteriore carneum griseo-album,

interiore crassum, nigro-brunneum.

Tree 10-20 m. high. Bark greyish-brown, smooth; sap pink,

not very copious. Twigs blackish-brown at the apices, minutely

puberulous, greyish-brown lower down and soon glabrous, striate.

Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, base and apex acute, dark green

and glossy above, glaucous beneath: midrib raised on both sur-

faces as are the nerves, whitish green above, yellowish green

beneath, drying) medium brown beneath; nerves 16-20 pairs,

parallel and oblique, also drying a medium brown beneath;

reticulations distinct, forming a close network above and below;

length 10-18 cm., breadth 3-5 cm., petiole 1-2 cm. long, drying

black. Male flowers 4-5 mm. long, rusty-pubescent outside, pale

pinkish-white inside, 3-5 lobed: anthers 7-10, well-spaced, yellow,

very shortly stalked; disc flat or slightly convex, pink; pedicels

3-4 mm. long with a minute, median bracteole. Female flowers

elongate-urceolate, 7-8 mm. long; ovary rusty-pubescent, 3 mm.

long ending in a bifid stigma. Fruit oblong, rusty-tomentulose,

ridged longitudinally along the line of suture, 3.5-4 cm. long and

2.5 cm. broad; stalk 5-8 mm. long. Ari] red with a pinkish tinge.

Seed, outer coat greyish white and soft, inner blackish brown and

hard.

BRITISH |

NORTH BORNEO: All from Mount Kinabalu.

_ Barnton 515 (BM); Tenompok, Clemens

Nos. 26697 (A, BO, G, K, L, NY, UC);

wee AA GO. G, K, L, NY, UG):

29358 (A, "BO; G, K, M;' NY, UC);

29358 bis (A, BO, K, L, M, NY, UC);

295152 (Ae, BO, G, .K, LL, M, NY,

SING, UC); 30283 (A, BO, G, K, L,

NY) and 30321 (A, BO, G, K, L, NY,

UC); Gunong Lenau, Tenompok, Sinclair

9006 (E, K, L, SING); Dallas, Clemens

26697A (A, BO, G, K, L, NY, UC);

Lobang, Clemens Nos. 10334 (A, BO,

UC) and 10342 (A, PNH, UC); Penibu-

kan, Clemens Nos. 31406 (BO, NY) and

31608 (A, B, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, SING

UC); Colombon River, Clemens Nos.

32498 (A, BM, BO, G, K, L, M, NY,

SING, UC) and 34094 (A, BO, G, L,

NY, UC); Marai Parai, Clemens Nos.

33032 (BO, K, L, NY) and 33038 (A,

G, K, UC); Keebambang River, Clemens

34292 (A, B, BO, G, K, L, M, NY, SING,

UC); Upper Kinabalu, Clemens Nos.

40545 (A, G, K, L, UC) and 50012 (A,

G, K); Lumu Lumu, Sinclair 9224 (B,

E, K, L, M, SAN, SING); Lumu Lumu

231

Gardens Bulletin, S:

near Bunda Tuhan, Wood & Wyatt-Smith

K.F.N. 80346 (K, KEP, SAN, SING);

3 miles S. of Lumu Lumu on path to

Tenompok, Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4484

(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Kundasan,

Wood & Kapis b. Sisiron SAN 16449

(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Kota Belud,

Wood & Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 80343 (K,

KEP, SAN, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Mount Kinabalu, British North Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 9224 (B, E, K holotype, L, M,

SAN, SING).

This species is common on Mount Kinabalu at 5,000 ft.

(ca. 1,538 m.) but also occurs from 3,000-7,000 ft. It is readily

known by its oblong fruit, ridged on the suture, the short male

pedicels, and the coriaceous leaves with raised nerves on both

sides. The nerves dry brown on the lower surface. It most closely

resembles K. rigidifolia, a mountain species from Fraser’s Hill

and the Cameron Highlands in Malaya, which has larger and

more coriaceous leaves and a larger and globose fruit. Some

mountain forms of K. cinerea var. sumatrana from North Borneo

also at times resemble K. kinabaluensis, but they have less dis-

tinct reticulations on the upper surface of the leaf and the nerves

here, too, are not raised nor are so distinct.

(16) Knema korthalsii Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 557.

Synonyms: Myristica cinerea Poiret sensu A. Gray, Bot.

Wilkes U.S. Explor. Exped. (1854) 35. M. corticosa (Lour.)

Hk. f. et Th. var borneensis Mig. nom. nud. in schedula. M.

korthalsii (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 90

nom. alt. M. mindanaensis Warb. sensu Merrill in Philip. Bureau

For. Bull. 1 (1903) 21 et Phil. J. Sc. 3 bot. (1908) 76—syn.

nov. Knema mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr. pro parte non typica

Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 184—-syn. nov. K. insularis Merr.

in Phil. J. Sc. 30 (1926) 394—syn. nov. K. cenabre Merr. and

Quisumb. in Phil. J. Sc. 37 (1928) 144 pl. 3—-syn. nov.—Fig. 13.

Tree 7-20 m. high. Twigs 3-4 mm. thick and covered with

rusty-furfuraceous scurf at the apex, lower down stouter, glabrous

and greyish or straw-coloured, terete but sometimes flattened at

the apex, rarely angled. Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous,

oblong-lanceolate, oblong, or oblong-obovate, acute at the apex,

narrowed slightly to the rounded base, glabrous above, rusty-

furfuraceous on the lower midrib, but soon glabrous, drying olive

green above and glaucous beneath; midrib raised above and be-

low; nerves 20-40 pairs, parallel, fine and raised above, very

prominent beneath, interarching at the margins, often in a double

232

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

6mm

Fig. 13. Knema korthalsii Warb.

A, twig with leaves. B, male flowers. C, male flower enlarged. D—E,

staminal column. F, female flower enlarged. G, ovary and stigmas.

H, fruit. A from Amdjah 440 (BO). B—E from Puasa 1438 (L).

F—G from Buwalda 7937 (BO). H from Amdjah 440 (BO).

233

Gardens Bulletin, S.

loop; length 20-35 cm.; breadth 5—9-(12) cm.; petiole 1—2 cm.

long. Male flowers numerous in umbels, medium brown and tomen-

tose outside, red inside, trigonous and depressed in the centre in

bud, 3-5 mm. long, 6-7 mm. broad in bud and 1 cm. broad when

expanded; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a minute bracteole at

the middle or slightly above; staminal disc circular in outline,

red, convex with 13-18-(20) nearly sessile anthers (18 average).

Female flowers 8 mm.—1 cm. long, but on shorter, 4 mm. long

pedicels; ovary rusty-tomentose, 3 mm. long with a sessile, bi-lobed

stigma, the lobes again divided, each into 3-5 laciniations. Fruit

oblong to obovoid, rusty-tomentulose, 2.5-3 cm. long and 1.8 cm.

broad; pericarp 3 mm. thick; aril dark red; stalk 5 mm. long.

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Sepudang, Haviland 526/295 (SAR); Kapit,

Upper Rejang River, Native Collector

5280 (NY, UC).

West Borneo: Lianggagang, Hallier 2766 (BO, L, SING);

Pontianak, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, L,

SING).

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO: S41. Korthals on. - (CAL, “i,” oe Lee

Sampit, Buwalda 7937 (A, BO, K, L,

SING); Banjermasin, Motley 1146 (K);

Hayup, Winkler 2753 (BRSL, L).

EAST AND

NoRTH-EAST

BORNEO: West Kutei, Sungei Gitan, bb12744 (BO);

East Kutei,Sungei Susuk Region, Koster-

mans 5755 (BO, K, L); B. Ulu Sebaku,

Amdjah 440 (BO, L); Mt Medadem,

N. of Sangkulirang, Kostermans 13355

(BO, K, L, P).

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO: S.l., F.D. 49116 (KEP); mile 26, Apas

Road, Quon Hill, Tawau, W. Meijer SAN

19436 (SAR, SING); Sapagaya F.R.,

Kadir & Enggoh 10342 (K, L, PNH,

SAN) and Puasa 1438 (K, L); Cpt. 12,

Sepilok F.R., Patrick Ping Sam & Kapis

SAN 19211 (SAR, SING); Kilugu &

Bundu, Apostal 2395 (UC); Tenom,

Gibbs 2803 (BM, K, US); near Batu

Lima estate, Sandakan, D. D. Wood 931

(PNH).

PHILIPPINES BALaBac

IsLAND: Ramos & Edafio Nos. 49729 (BR, NY,

UC); 49747 (BR, K, NY, UC); 4981]

(UC) and 49851 (NY, UC); Ligas,

Vidal (Moseley) 3555 (K).

PALAWAN: Agama 21605 (K, L, NY, P, US); Cenabre

30099 (UC, US); Merrill 9764 (A, K, US);

Dumaran Island along Linuatan Creek,

Cenabre 29973 (K, NY, UC); Mt Balag-

bag, Edafio Nos. 77780 (K, NY, SING)

2234

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

SULU

ISLANDS:

BASILAN:

MINDANAO:

DISTRIBUTION:

‘TYPE MATERIAL:

and 77789 (NY, SING); Sagpangan,

Aborlan, Celestino & J. Ramos 23002 (L,

PNH); Puerto Princessa, Cenabre 29232

(G, US):

Tawitawi, Ramos & Edano 44288 (A, B,.

BM, BO, K, NY, P, SING, UC); Vidal

Nos. 3547 (K) and 3548 (K).

Hutchinson Nos. 108 (CAL); 3961 (K) and

3985 (K, US); Miranda 18942 (BM, K,

P, US); Reillo Nos. 15421 (BM, DD, L,

SING, US) and 15472 (L).

Prov. Surigao:—Wenzel 2513 (A, BO, BR,

a Kh. M. NY, UC): 27363 CA. BBO:

BR, G, K, M, NY, UC) and 3342 (A,

BO, BR, G, K, L, M, NY, UC); Lake

Manit, Ramos & Convocar 83445 (NY).

Prov. Agusan:—Tungao, Afionuevo 13735

(L, PNH); Cabadbaran (Mt Urdaneta)

Elmer 14040 (A, BM, BO, CAL, E, FI,

G,-K,_L, LE,. NSW, NY, P, U, UC, US,

Ww).

Prov. Misamis:—Miranda 11880 (P, US).

Prov. Davao:—Catalnan, Kanehira 25/1

(NY, TI).

Prov. Lanao:— Acufia 23377 (A, US); Jime-

nez 27048 (A, US); Camp Keithley,

Clemens 42885 (G, M) and s.n., May

1906 (BO, CAL, G, M) and Sept.-Cct.

1906 (BO); Vicinity of Olangu near

Momungan, Zwickey 784 (A, NY, UC).

Prov. Zamboanga:—s.l., Ahern 393 (US)

‘and 589 (BO, US); Oliveros Belen 23328

(A, BM, CAL, K, L, NY, P, SING, US);

Quadras s.n. (US); Port Batanga, Whit-

ford & Hutchinson 9310 (K, US);

Malangas, Ramos & Edano Nos. 37027

(A, K, US); 37330 (A, NY); 37366 (BM,

BO); 37443 BO, L) and s.1., 36828 (US);

Caldera, Cpt. Wilkes Exped. s.n. (US);

Malanipa Island, Challenger Exped.,

Moseley, Jan. and Feb. 1875 (BK, K);

Mt Tubuan, Ramos & Edarfio 36633 (A,

BM, BRI, CAL); Vidal 3554 (K).

Borneo, Southern parts of the Philippines

(Mindanao, Basilan, Balabac, Sulu Is-

lands and Palawan).

Knema korthalsii Warb. (M. corticosa Hk.

f. et Th. var. borneensis Miq.) Korthals

s.n. S. and S.E. Borneo (CAL, L, S, U

holotype). K. cenabre Merr. & Quisumb-

ing, Cenabre 29973 (K, NY). K. insularis

Merr. Ramos & Edanio 44288 (A, B, BM,

BO, K, NY, P, SING, UC). M. cinerea

Poir. sensu A. Gray, leaf specimens only,

from Caldera, Mindanao, Wilkes Exped.

(US).

235

Gardens Bulletin, S.

VERNACULAR NAMES: Philippines:—Biuku; duhao (Sul.); bunud;

dugan; duguan; tambalau (C. Bis.);

salindupong (Lan.); dago manok (Cuy.)

This species is close to Knema glomerata, but differs from it

in having more veins, 20-40 pairs, while glomerata has 12-20.

The leaves usually have parallel sides and do not tend to be

elliptic. They are generally more coriaceous while the twigs are

thicker and stouter at the apex. The flowers are slightly larger

with more numerous anthers, 13-20, average 18 as against 8-13,

average 11 in glomerata. Myristica mindanaensis Warb. type

Warburg 13300, a true Myristica, is a synonym of M. fatua but

Merrill probably did not see the type when he made the com-

bination Knema mindanaensis (Warb.) Merr. in Enum. Phil. FI.

Plants 2 (1923) 184. There he quotes several collectors’ numbers

all of which are Knema korthalsii but he does not mention War-

burg 13300.

(17) Knema kunstleri (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 568 t.

25; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 241; Ridley, Fi.

Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69, Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

291.4 8.

Basitonym: Myristica kunstleri King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Calc. 3 (1891) 314 pl. 149.

Synonyms: K. coriacea Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 614.

K. parvifolia Merr. in Philip. Journ. Sc. 13 (1918) 287 et Enum.

Philip. Fl. Pl. 2 (1923) 184. M. coriacea (Warb.) Boerl. Hand.

Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt. Gymnacranthera crypto-

caryoides Elmer, Leafl. Pilip. Bot. 3 (1911) 1060; Sinclair in

Gard. Bull. Sing. 17 (1958) 115.

var. kunstleri

MALAY PENINSULA: Kelantan, Perak, Pahang, Selangor, Ma-

lacca. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16

(1958) 293. There are now first and new

records for Trengganu and Negri Sem-

bilan. Trengganu, Bukit Bauk F.R.,

Dungun, K.F.N. 80695 (KEP). Negri

Sembilan, Sungei Menyala F.R., Port

Dickson, G. H. S. Wood K.F.N. 71868

(KEP); Negri Sembilan, Nilai, Jindaram

Estate, Md. Shah 62 (A, BKF, K, L,

LAE, PNH, SING).

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Kuching, Beccari 670 (FI, G, K, P); near

Kuching, Haviland 2254/1761 (K, SAR);

Native Collector 164 (A, K, PNH, US);

Setapok F.R., Kuching, Boejeng b. Sitam,

SAR 9302 (L, SAR, SING); Saratok

Mangrove Reserve, Kuching, Su’ut Ali

SAR 7746 (K, L, SAR, SING); Telok

236

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

BRUNEI:

PHILIPPINES Luzon:

SIBUYAN:

SAMAR:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAME:

Waiding, Bako National Park, Purseglove

5009 (K, L, SAR, SING); Lawas, Senada

SAR 2027 (SAR); Triso Peninsula,

Anderson SAR Nos. 2135 (SAR, SING)

and 3178 (KEP, SING); Pulau Bruit,

Anderson SAR 2638 (KEP, SAR, SING);

Sg. Kelepu, Pulau Bruit, Ellias SAR 8030

(BO, KEP, L, SAR, SING); Binatang,

Pulau Bruit, Anderson SAR 9019 (BO,

K, L, SAR, SING) and Sanusi bin Tahir

SAR 9249 (BO, K, KEP, L, SAR, SING);

Saribas F.R., Betong, Anderson SAR

8518 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING); Sungei

Sabal Tapang, Sinclair 10238 (A, E,

SING).

Badas Swamps, Anderson SAR 2853 (SAR);

Badas Saw-mill, Ashton & Whitmore

BRUN 686 (BO, K, L, SAR, SING); Sin-

clair 10465 (A, B, BM, E, K, L, SING);

Labu Forest Reserve, Temburong, Ash-

ton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17428 (K, L,

SAN, SING); Seria, Ashton, Smythies &

Wood SAR 5847 (BO, K, L, SAN, SAR,

SING); Anduki F.R., Anderson SAR

5551 (SAR).

Prov. Cagayan:—Summit of West Moun-

tain, Claveria. McLean, Catalan &

Peralta 129 (UC); Malaney, Vidal 3568

(K).

Prov. Quezon:—Tagcauayan, Tayabas,

Ramos 13358 (BM, K).

Prov. Camarines Norte:—Paracale, Ramos

& Edafio Nos. 33456 (A, BRI, NSW, UC,

jks) and 33631 (BM, BO, CAL, L,

SING); Atufigon, Daet, Arizabal 30500

(UC) and Alvarez 22641 (K).

Prov. Albay:—Manito, Curran 10573 (K,

NY, Us).

Magallanes, Mt Giting-giting, Elmer 12262

(A, BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E, G, K, L, LE,

NSW, NY, US).

Loquilon, Wright, M. D. Sulit 6092 (A, L,

PNH, SING); Mt Cansayao, Catarman,

M. D. Sulit 14324 (L, PNH).

Malay Peninsula, Sarawak, Philippines in

peat swamp forest mostly but also in

“kerangas”.

Mpyristica kunstleri King, all numbers of

King, Scortechini and Wray from Perak.

M. coriacea Warb., Beccari 670 (FI

holotype, G, K, P). Knema parvifolia

Merr., Curran 10573 (Ky NY,.US).

Gymnacranthera cryptocaryoides Elmer,

Elmer 12262 (A, BM, BO, BRI, CAL, E,

G, K, L, LE, NSW, NY US).

Duguan (Samar).

237

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 14.

A typo foliis chartaceis vel minus coriaceis, plerumque oblongo-

lanceolatis angustioribus, magis acuminatis, nervis pluribus, reti-

culationibus minus prominentibus differt.

Leaves chartaceous or thinly coriaceous, oblong-lanceolate, the

sides nearly parallel, drying greenish above, glaucous beneath

except the brown midrib and nerves, apex acute or mostly acumi-

nate, base rounded or acute; nerves 12—20 pairs (average 18), raised

above but lying in depressions of the uneven leaf surface; reticula-

tions forming a close, dense network, but not so prominent as in

var. kunstleri; length 6-15 cm., breadth 2.5-4.5 cm., petiole 1 cm.

long. Flowers and fruit as in the typical form.

PHILIPPINES MINDANAO: Tuiago, Tuhid, Placer, Prov. Surigao,

Wenzel Nos. 2680 (UC); 3048 (UC);

3474 (UC) and 3485 (UC); Prov. Suri-

gao, s.l. Ponce 25076 (A, BM, K, NY,

Ps).

DISTRIBUTION: As above.

TYPE MATERIAL: Wenzel 2680 (UC holotype).

Knema kunstleri has a wide distribution and hence is somewhat

polymorphic, especially as regards the size and shape of the

leaves. The leaves of var. kunstleri are generally elliptic or broadly

elliptic with prominent reticulations, but they vary in size and shape,

sometimes having narrow-elliptic or lanceolate leaves and some-

times a single specimen may have large and small leaves. K.

parvifolia seems to be only a depauperate form from exposed

ridges. The Surigao plants can be distinguished from typical var.

kunstleri so it seems best to give them a varietal name, var.

surigaoensis. The chief differences are the thinner, less broadly

elliptic leaves, more veins and the less distinct reticulations in var.

surigaoensis.

(18) Knema latericia Elmer, Leafi. Philip. Bot. 5 (1913) 1815;

Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 278 f. 3 and pl. TIA.

Synonyms: K. conferta (King) Warb. var. borneensis Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580 pro parte excl. Beccari Nos. 1609;

1960 et 2482. K. elongata Warb. nom. nud. in sched. K. badia

Merr. nom. nud. in sched. K. meridionalis J. Sinclair in Gard.

Bull. Sing. 13, 2 (1951) 297 f. 1. M. conferta King var. borneensis

(Warb.) Boerl. Hand]. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 91 nom. alt.

Myristica ridleyi Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66 (1919)

226 in clavi. .

238

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. 14. Knema kunstleri (King) Warb. var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair.

A, twig with male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C, staminal column.

aa Se A-—C from Wenzel 2680 (UC holotype). D from Ponce

5076 (A).

239

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. latericia—Fig. 15B, F & G.

INDO-

CHINA CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM):

SUMATRA BANKA:

MALAY PENINSULA:

BORNEO SARAWAE:

BRUNEI:

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO:

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO:

BRITISH NorTH

BORNEO:

Mt Bana, Tourane, Clemens 17th Aug.,

1927 (UC).

Djebus, H.B. 3484 (BO); G. Mangkol,

Kostermans & Anta 691 (BO).

Kedah, Perak, Johore, Singapore. For list

see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 280.

Mt Matang, Beccari Nos. 2003 (FI, K, P)

and 2523 (FI); Mt Poi (Gunong Pueh)

Clemens Nos. 20086 (K, NY) and 20346

(NY, SAR); Purseglove 4680 (A, K, L,

LAE, SAR, SING); Baram, Haviland

3307 (K, SAR); sl, Native Collector

2483 (A, K, PNH); R. Jalan, Usun Apau,

Pickles SAR 3850 (SAR, SING).

Andulau F.R., Anderson SAR 4946

(BRUN, SAR).

Sampit Region near Kuala Kuajan, Koster-

mans 7964 (K, L).

S.l., Korthals s.n. (CAL, L) two sheets

in L and one has K. korthalsii also

mounted on it; Bukit Kasian, Amdjah

191 (BO); West Kutei, No. 36 near L.

Petah, Endert 3178 (A, BO, K, L) and

3342 (BO, K, L); Sg. Menubar region,

E. Kutei, Kostermans 5233 (BO, K, L,

PNH); Sg. Susuk region, Kostermans

5449 (BO, L); Teputsey, Jaheri 914 (BC);

Peak of Balikpapan, Kostermans 7396

(BO, L); foot of Mt LIlas Bungaan,

Berouw, Kostermans 13721 (BO, K, L).

S.l., Agama Nos. 411 (K, US); 542 (A,

K, PNH) and 556 (P); Villamil 241 (A,

BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING, US);

Tawau, Elmer 20809 (A, BM, BO, BR,

C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, S. SING, U. UG);

Marutai, Tawau, Tandom 1796 (K, L);

Sub-Cpt. 13, Cpt. 2, Bombay-Burmah

Trading Corp. Concession, Kalabakan,

30 mls. W.N.W. of Tawau, Wood A3957

(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Masali, Lahad

Datu, Fabia A4003 (K, KEP, L, PNH,

SAN, SING); Kinabatangan, Evangilista

878 (A, NY); Batu Puteh, Kinabatangan,

Md. Maidin 1737 (K, L); Kabili-Sepilok

F.R., Castro 4503 (BO, CANB, K, L,

PNH, SING, US); Enchai and Enggoh

Nos. 9394 (K, L) and 44569 (KEP);

Enggoh 7250 (K, L, PNH, SING);

Onggib Nos. 9395 (K, L,) and 44570

(KEP); Otik 4913 (K, L, SING); Cpt.

240

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

albifolia J. Sinclair and

Fig. 15. Knema latericia Elmer vars. latericia,

lunduensis J. Sinclair.

A, twig of var. lunduensis. B, leaf of var. latericia for comparison. C,

241

latericia for comparison. E, hair from fruit of var. /unduensis. G,

hair from fruit of var. latericia, same scale. A from Sinclair 10375

(SING). B, F and G from Enggoh 7250 (SING). C from Elmer

leaf of var. albifolia. D, fruit of var. Junduensis. F, fruit of var.

20895 (SING). D and E from Sinclair 10360 (SING).

LABUAN:

P. LAUT:

PHILIPPINES PaLawan:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

14 Sepilok F.R., Wood Nos. A1996 (K,

KEP, L, SAN, SING) and SAN 15382

(BO, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 10, Wood &

Charrington SAN 16515 (K, KEP, L,

SAN, SING); Sapagaya F.R., Sator 815

(A, NY); mile 74, Block 1, B.N.B.

Timber Co. Concession, Lungmanis, 25

mls. S.W. of Sandakan, Wood A2917

(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Batu Lapan,

Sandakan, Puasa 2256 (D. D. Wood)

(BO, UC); Kundasan, 10 mls. W. of

Ranau, Wood & Kapis b. Sisiron SAN

15293 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Tenom-

pok, Clemens 28325 (A, BO, G, K, L,

NY, UC); Gurulau, Upper Kinabalu,

Clemens 50433 (A, G, K, UC); Mt

Sidungol, Keith Nos. 9284 (K, SING)

and 44481 (KEP); Payo River, Allen 625

(A, SING) on the A sheet also mounted

K. cinerea var. sumatrana; Semawang

River, Pascual 1081 (A, NY); Ulu Sipi-

tang, 5 mls. E. of Sipitang, Wood SAN

16918 (BO, K, KEP, L, SAN, SING);

and west ridge of G. Lumaku, 10 mls.

S.S.E. of Malaman, Wood SAN 16709

(KEP, L, SAN, SING); Subak, Arsat

1065 (NY, US).

Motley 113 (K).

Sungei Paring, Verhoef 78 (BO, L, NY).

S.1., Agama 21612 (K, P, US); Sagpanfgan,

Aborlan, Celestino & Ramos 23062 (K,

L, PNH); Victoria Mts, Edario 14233

(L, PNH); Panacan, Aborlan, Victoria

Mts, M.D. Sulit 12456 (L, PNH); banks

of the Iwahig River, Mt Pulgar, Elmer

12757 (A, BM, BO, BRSL, CAL, E, G,

K, L, LE, NSW, NY, P, U, US).

Central Vietnam, Banka, Malay Peninsula,

Borneo, Philippines (Palawan).

Knema latericia Elmer, Elmer 12757 (A,

BM, BO, BRSL, CAL, E, G, K, L, LE,

NSW, NY, P, U, US). K. badia Merr.,

Agama 21612 (K, P, US). K. elongata

Warb., Korthals (10) (L). K. meri-

dionalis Sinclair, Sinclair S.F.N. 3856]

(K, SING holotype). M. ridleyi Gan-

doger, Ridley s.l., date 1898 (LY).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Tambalau (Tagb.) Philippines.

Not one of the numbers quoted by Warburg under the descrip-

tion of K. conferta var. borneensis Warb. can be identified with

conferta. Four of the numbers are K. latericia, Beccari 2003 and

2523 being var. latericia, while Beccari 1594 and /618 are var.

albifolia. Beccari 1609 and 2482 are cinerea var. rubens while

Beccari 1815 and 1960 are K. communis. Elmer 21040 and 21409

were wrongly identified by Merrill [see Pl. Elm. Borneensis (1920)

74 as K. conferta var. borneensis]. They are latericia var.

albifolia.

242

Vol. XVII. (1961).

var. albifolia J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 15C.

A typo foliis angustioribus, supra pallidioribus, subtus albidis,

nervis costaque utrinque pallidioribus differt.

Leaves 11—22 cm. long, average 17 cm., 2-5 cm. broad, average

3 cm., often slightly falcate, acute at the apex and base, drying

pale yellowish-green above and white beneath with the nerves and

midrib pale or whitish on both surfaces, less often pale brown.

Flowers and fruit usually with paler tomentum.

BORNEO SarRAwWaAK:

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO:

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO:

PULAU

NUNUKAN:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Mi Matang, Beccari Nos. 1594 (FI) and

1618 (FI, K); left bank of Rejang River,

10 km. below Belaga, near airfield,

Segaham Range, M. Jacobs Nos. 5355

(CANB, L, SAR, SING); 5356 (CANB,

L, SAR, SING) and 5393 (CANB, L,

SAR).

West Kutei, Endert 2434 (A, BO, K, L,

SING); No. 43, Kombeng, W. Kutei,

Endert 5113 (BO, L); Sg. Bai, East

Kutei, bb Nos. 14871 (BO) and 14872

(BO); Sungei Susuk, Region, E. Kutei

Kostermans 5690 (BO, K, L); Mentawir

River basin, Balikpapan, Sauveur Nos.

111 (L) and 112 (K, L); Lelebulan

Teputsey, Jaheri 927 (BO).

Tawau, Elmer Nos. 20895 (A, BM, BO,

BRC, G, K, L, M, NY, P- PNG, S,

SING, U, UC); 21040 (A, BM, BO, BR,

C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, S, SING, U, UC);

21409 (A, BM, BO, BR, C, G, K, L, M,

NY, P, S, SING, U, UC) and 2/410

(BO); 5 mls. north of Kinabatangan

River at Bukit Garam (1 ml. east of

Lamag, B. B. T. Co. Concession) Wood

A4665 (KEP, L, SAN, SING); Lagsikan

F.R., Sandakan, Bukah A3433 (K. KEP.

L, SAN, SING); Kretam, Elopura,

Sandakan, Patrick Ping Sam A1883 (K,

KEP, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 16 Sepilok

F.R., Sinclair 9296 (A, B, E, K, L, M,

P, PNH, SAN, SING); Cpt. 14, Wood

SAN 15394 (K, L, SAN, SING).

Paymans 83 (BO, K, L).

Borneo.

Sinclair 9296 (A, B, E, K holotype, L, M,

P, PNH, SAN, SING).

Distinguished from the typical form by the narrower leaves,

average breadth 3 cm. and by their paler colour. The midrib and

nerves and the flowers and fruits too, are paler, not the dark

reddish-brown of the type.

243

Gardens Bulletin, S-

var. lunduensis J. Sinclair, var. nov.—Fig. 15 A, D & E.

A K. latericia var. latericia ramis, ramulis (his apice crassioribus)

et foliis paucioribus, foliis majoribus, basi plerumque rotundatis

raro sub-cordatis, fructibus majoribus cum pilis longioribus differt.

Arbor 3-6 m. alta. Ramuli apice 4-5 mm. crassi, ferrugineo-

tomentosi. Folia supra atro-viridia nitida, subtus glauca; 17-50

cm. longa (vulgo 25 cm.), 5-20 cm. lata (vulgo 10 cm.); costa

supra albido-viridis, subtus flavido-viridis. Fructus 3-3.5 cm.

longus, 2.5 cm. latus, cum pilis dendroideis 1.5-2 mm. longis.

Tree smaller in stature than typical latericia with fewer branches.

Twigs thicker at the apex. Leaves larger and fewer, not unlike those

of K. furfuracea but not cordate at the base (occasionally sub-

cordate in the larger ones). Fruit larger than that of var. latericia

with longer hairs.

BORNEO Sarawak: Gunong Gading, Lundu, ist Division,

Purseglove 4549 (A, E, K, L, SING);

Sinclair Nos. 10360 (E, K, SAR, SING);

10375 (A, B, E, K, L, SAR, SING) and

10381 (A, E, K_ holotype, L, SAR,

SING); Gunong Pueh (Poi), Purseglove

4674 (A, K, L, SAR, SING); Bukit

Mayeng, Tau Range, Purseglove 5367

(SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak) endemic.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair 10381 (A, E, K holotype, L, SAR,

SING).

This tree is fairly common in deep shade on Gunong Gading.

I did not first recognize it as a distinct variety until I saw it in

the field. One may mistake it for K. furfuracea on account of

its larger leaves, but these are not deeply cordate at the base as

in that species. They are mostly rounded or occasionally sub-

cordate. Further the fruit has much longer tomentum. It is in-

teresting to note that Gunong ‘Gading, G. Pueh and the Tau

Range are composed of Tertiary granitic rocks and have probably

not been inundated since that period. Other areas in Sarawak,

composed of older, sandstone rocks, have been covered with

water.

(19) Knema latifolia Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 610 t. 25 f.

12:

Synonyms: K. umbellata Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 609

—syn. nov. K. nitida Merr. in J. As. Soc. Str. Br. 85 (1922)

190—syn. nov. K. winkleri Merr. in J. As. Soc. Str. Br. 85 (1922)

189—syn. noy. Myristica umbellata (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. FI.

Ned. Ind. 3. 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt.—Fig. 16.

244

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

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TOR)

ral

im Wee

at.

uly! UD

nal

feel

RAS

3cm

‘

Fig. 16. Knema latifolia Warb.

967

male flowers. D

male flower enlarged. E-F, staminal column. A from Main ?

A, twig with leaves and fruit. B, female flowers. C,

(A). B from Ramos 1278 (SING). C—F from Valera 1858 (PNH).

245

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Tree 6-10 m. high with a cylindrical or pyramidal crown. Bark

grey, brittle, nearly smooth, peeling in thin narrow strips but

not furrowed or striate; sap red, copious. Twigs brown, glabrous,

nearly smooth with some lenticels at the apex, rough and striate

lower down. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, very glossy above,

even when dry, dark brown or with a blackish, metallic lustre,

paler brown beneath (glaucous when fresh with a yellowish green

lower midrib), oblong or elliptic-oblong, apex acute, slightly

acuminate or rounded and obtuse, base acute or rounded; nerves

12-20 pairs, distinct and raised on both surfaces as is the midrib;

reticulations distinct above, less so beneath; length 10-28 cm.;

breadth 4-12 cm.; petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Male flowers in umbels,

rusty-tomentulose, 5-8 mm. in diam.; pedicels 5 mm. long with

a minute bracteole above the middle (less often at the base of

the perianth in immature flowers); staminal disc triangular with

3 sessile anthers, one at each angle of the disc. Female flowers

7-8 mm. long, more elongate than the male and on a 1 cm. long

pedicel; ovary rusty-tomentose with a bifid stigma. Fruit oblong,

rusty-tomentulose, becoming nearly glabrous, strongly ridged or

almost winged along the suture, 3 cm. long and 2.5 cm. broad, the

base broad and the apex obtuse; stalk 1-2 cm. long and 2-3 mm.

thick.

SUMATRA PALEMBANG: §S. Rupit, Forbes 2997 (A, BM, CAL, FI,

K, L, LE, UC); S. Rawas, Forbes 3188

(BM, CAL, DD, K, L, LE).

BORNEO SaARAWAK: Matang, Beccari 1824 (FI, K) and 199/bis

(FI, K); Semengoh F.R., Sinclair 10297

(A, B, E, K, L, NY, SAR, SING); and

Asah Tree No. 883 (SAR).

BRUNEI: R. Ingei-Ulu R. Belait Watershed, Ashton

BRUN 157 (BO, BRUN, K, L, SAR,

SING).

West BorNzEO: Pulau Bukit Tekemeng, Main 2067 (A, BO,

K, L, PNH, SING).

SOUTH AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler 2390 (BO, G, K,

L, P, PNH, SENG).

EAST AND

NorTH-EAST

BORNEO: Loa Djanan, west of Samarinda, Koster-

mans 6713 (SING); the following five

West Kutei:—No. 24 L. Iboet, Endert

2713 (A, BO, K, L); No. 36 near L.

Iboet, Endert 3158 (A, BO, K, L, SING);

No. 19 L. Puhus, Endert Nos. 4846 (BO,

K, L) and 4889 (A, BO, K, L); Mt

Palimasan near Tabang, Belajan River,

Kostermans 12816 (K, L); E. Kutei, Sg.

246

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO:

PULAU

NUNUKAN:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Kerajaan, north of Sangkulirang, Koster-

mans 5778 (BO, K, L, SING); Sg. Wain

region, N. of Balikpapan, Kostermans

Nos. 4301 (BO, K, L) and 4436 (BO,

K, L, P, PNH, SING); Mentawir River

region near G. Mentawir, Balikpapan

District, Kostermans 10148 (K, L) and

Sauveur 24 (L).

Lahad Datu, Pulau Keruing, Sungei Kretam

Besar, Wood A4792 (K, KEP, L, SAN.

SING); Cpt. 8, Sepilok F.R., Nicholson

& Charrington SAN 17749 (BO, L,

SING) & Nicholson & Patrick Ping Sam

SAN 17682 (BO, L, SING); Cpt. 14,

Sepilok F.R., Wood A1997 (K, KEP, L,

SAN, SING) and Cpt. 17, Kadir A988

(BO, CANB, K, KEP, SAN, SING).

the following Kabili—Sepilok F.R.,

Elopura, Enchai and Enggoh Nos. 10377

(K, L) and 49151 (KEP); Kadir F. D.

10219 (K, L); Majuyap Nos. 10169 (K,

L) and 48943 (KEP) and Valera 1858

(K, L, PNH); the following Sandakan:-—

Bettotan, Kloss S.F.N. 19186 (BO, NY,

SING, UC); Batu Lima, Ramos 1530

(A, BM, BO, BRI, K, PNH, UC, US);

Sebuga near Sandakan, Ramos Nos. 1278

(A, K, NY, SING); 1664 (A, BM, BO,

BRI, K,. L, P, UC, US); 1729 (A, BM,

BO, BRI, K, L, P, PNH, UC, US) and

1902 (A, NSW, NY); Batu Lapan, (D.

_D.-Wood) Puasa 1985 (BO, UC).

Northern part, Kostermans Nos. 8636 (BO,

K, L, SING) and 9/21 (A, BO, K, L,

SING).

Sumatra and Borneo.

K. latifolia Warb. Beccari 1991 bis (FI, K);

Forbes Nos. 2997 (A, BM, CAL, FI, K,

L, LE, UC) and 3/88 (BM, CAL, DD,

K, L, LE). K. nitida Warb., Ramos 1530

(A, BM, BRI, K, PNH holotype, UC).

K. umbellata Warb., Beccari 1824 (FI

holotype, K); K. winkleri Merr., Winkler

2390 (G, K, L, PNH holotype, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Lohi (British North Borneo).

This species is distinct from all the others in having only 3

anthers, one at each angle of the triangular staminal disc. Merrill

describes it as having 6 anthers, 2 at each angle of the disc, but

if the pollen sacs have dehisced, there is the appearance of two

anthers. Other distinctive features are the strongly ridged or almost

winged fruits on rather slender stalks and the glossy, reticulate,

247

Gardens Bulletin, S.

chocolate-brown upper surface of the dried leaves. As regards its

systematic position, there is some alliance with K. curtisii (Group

5) on account of the triangular staminal disc, the sessile anthers,

the position of the bracteole, the sessile, few-lobed stigma and the

rather similar ridged fruit. I have, however, placed it in a group

of its own (Group 6) next to curtisii on account of the reduction

in the number of anthers, in this case three only. It will be seen

that Ramos 1530 and Winkler 2390, holotypes of nitida and wink-

Jeri in PNH, collected in British North Borneo, were not destroyed

as most of the PNH types were. It seems that the specimens of

Ramos collected in North Borneo survived the fires of the 1939-45

war, but his Philippine specimens in Herb. Manila were destroyed.

I was glad to see other specimens of his in Manila from North

Borneo including some types of Annonacee, which have escaped

the conflagration. The above types of nitida and winkleri including

some Annonacee are holotypes and not merely isotypes as they

have attached manuscript drawings and descriptions in Latin and

English made by Merrill himself, accompanying the specimens.

See also under K. /aurina where the PNH duplicate of K. oblongata

Merr., collected by Ramos in N. Borneo (Ramos 1663) is a holo-

type.

(20) Knema lIaurina (Bl.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 606 t.

24 f. 1-3 [includ. vars malayana Warb.; borneensis (Miq.) Warb.;

bancana Warb. et var. amboinensis Warb. |.c. 607—syns. nov.];

Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 248: Koorders, Exkur-

sionsflora v. Java 2 (1912) 258; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924)

72; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 329 f. 19.

Basionym: Myristica laurina B\. Rumphia 1 (1835) 189 t. 61;

A.DC. Prodr. 14, 1 (1856) 206: de Vriese, Pl. Ind. Bat. Orientalis

(Pl. Reinwardt.) (1857) 96; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 70 et

Suppl. (1861) 385; Hk.f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 112; King in Ann.

Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 319 pl. 156: Koorders et Vale-

ton, Med. Lands Pl. Tuin 17 (1896) 186. M. laurina BI. var.

amboinensis (Warb.) Boerl. in Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900)

92 nom. allt.

Synonyms: M. tomentosa Thunb. sensu BI. Bijdr. 2 (1825) 577

non Hk.f.et Th. M. laurina Bl. var. longifolia Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

1, 2 (1858) 71 et Suppl. 385. M. laurina Bl. var. borneensis Miq.

_in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 51. M. laurina var.

bancana (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom.

alt. M. laurina Bl. var. malayana (Warb.) Boer]. Handl. FI. Ned.

Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92 nom. alt. M. cantleyi Hk.f. Fl. Br. Ind. 5

(1886) 110 non sensu King nec. aliorum. M. furfurascens

Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. France 66 (1919) 226 in clavi.

248

- ‘ /_+%

ec nn

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

K. conferta (King) Warb. var. tonkinensis Warb. Monog.-

Myrist. (1897) 581; Lecomte in Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et in

Fl. Gén. de L’Indo-Chine 5 (1914) 104—syn. nov. K. elegans

Pierre Msc.* ex Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 615; Lecomte in

Not. Syst. 1, 4 (1909) 101 et in Fl. Gén. L’Indo-Chine 5 (1914)

106—syn. nov. K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. nicobarica Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 596 excl. King 536—syn. nov. K.

oblongata Merr. in J. As. Soc. Str. Br. 85 (1922) 190. K. obo-

voidea Merr. in Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 15 (1929) 75. K. tridac-

tyla Airy Shaw in Kew Bull. 1939 No. 10 (1940) 543——syn. nov.

BURMA Lower BuRMa:

NICOBARS:

INDO-

CHINA NortTH

VIETNAM

(TONKIN) :

CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM):

CAMBODIA:

SIAM EASTERN’

DIVISION:

SOUTH-EASTERN

DIVISION:

SOUTH-WESTERN

DIvISION:

PENINSULAR

DIvIsION:

Mergui, Lace 4801 (DD, K).

Kamphdvener 2804 (C); Kurz s.n. (BM,

CAL, MEL) and Kurz 26088 (K).

Mt Bavi, Balansa Nos. 4175 (K, P); 4176

(K, P) and 4/99 (BR, G Boiss, K, L,

Py:

Pron Sapoum, near Agricultural Station of

Blao, Prov. Haut Donnai, Poilane 23677

(P, SING); Nui Bach Ma Station, Cen-

tral Vietnam near Hue, Poilane Nos.

27815 (P, SING) and 28917 (P, SING)

nd Vidal Nos. 790 (P) and 791 (P);.

Poste 6, Prov. Quang Nam, Poilane 29454

- (P, SING); Mts of Mam Ray, Prov.

Kontum, Poilane 18219 (P, SING); Nha-

Trang, (Tourane) Clemens 3467 (A,

BM, G,-K.-P,.UC).

Mt Chereev, Prov. Somrong Tong, Pierre

5432 (BO,CAL. K, K, LE, P.)

Bukanum, Korat (= Nakawn Rachasima)

Kerr 9849 (BM).

Trad, Huay Raeng, Dong Madua, Smitinand

1357 (BKF); Nawng Kai Ploi, Sriracha,

Kerr 2120 (BM, CAL, K, L); Bandan,

Sriracha, Marcan 1386 (BM).

Kao Ri Yai, Kanburi, Kerr 10423 (BM).

_Tasan, Surat, Kloss 6936 (K); Chawng,.

Trang, Kerr 15156 (BK, BM); Klawng

Wa, Kraburi, Kerr 16326 (BM, BK);.

Kao Pawta, Chondong, Ranawng, Kerr

16818 (BK, BM); Pulau Adang, Satul,

Kerr 13990 (BK, BM).

* Myristica elegans Pierre Msc.

249

Gardens Bulletin, S.

SUMATRA s.L.: H.B. 3056 (BO).

TAPANULI: Si Hare-hare, Div. Padang Si Dimpuan,

subdiv. Padang Lawas, Rahmat Si Toroes

4413 (A, L, NY, UC, US); Si Hare-hare,

Djai, Padang Lawas, Rahmat Si Toroes

5027 (A, L, NY, UC, US).

West Coast: Pulau Pisang, Padang, Teijsmann 484 (BO,

U) and Teijsmann s.n. (K, LE); Taram,

East of Pajakumboh, River Tjampo,

Maradjo 279 (L).

East Coast: Pulau Berhala, Wyatt-Smith K.F. Nos.

76413 (KEP) and 76456 (KEP) and

v.d. Meer Mohr 82 (BO); Aer Kandis

near Rantau Parapat, Bilia, Rahmat Si

Toroes 2411 (A, NY, US); vicinity of

Lumban Ria, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea

7414 (A, US); Tor Matutuna, Asahan,

Rahmat Si Boeea 9539 (A, L); Sibolangit,

Lorzing 5538 (BO, BR, G Boiss., K. L,

P, SING, U); B. Longkat, B. Lambosa,

bb9160 (BO).

PALEMBANG: Ogan Ulu, Teijsmann 3718 (BO, CAL, U);

Rawas, Grashoff 1148 BO, L); Muara

Enim, Teijsmann 3689 (BO, U); Batu

Pantjeh, Musi, Forbes 2683 (A, BM, FI,

i, LE; P, SING):

LAMPONG: Kotta Djawa, Forbes Nos. 1306 (BM, CAL,

LE) and 1409 (A, BM, CAL, FI, L, LE,

P, SING).

PULAU

SIMALUR: Achmad Nos. 63 (BO, L); 643 (BO); 1195

(BO, CAL, L, P, SING) and 1/808 (BO,

K..1.).

PULAU

SIBERUT: Kloss S.F.N. 13092 (BO, K, SING); Iboet

178 (B, BO, K, L, SING).

PULAU

ENGGANO: Boea-boea, Liitjeharms 442] (A, BO, K,

baeP. dING, US).

BANKA: Lobok Besar, Kostermans & Andong 5 (BO,

K, L, P, PNH) and Kostermans & Anta

118] (BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING); Sungei

Liat, Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

BILLITON: Tanjong Pandan, Teijsmann s.n. (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: All provinces except Perlis and Prov.

Wellesley. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing.

16 (1958) 331. Additional records:—

Pulau Jarak, Wyatt-Smith K.F. Nos 76413

(KEP) and 76456 (KEP).

JAVA S.L.: Blume s.n. (A, BR, K, L, MEL, NY, -P,

PDA, S) as M. laurina; Blume 24 (CAL);

Blume 54 (L) as M. tomentosa; Blume

1629 (L) as M. laurifolia Bl. nom. nud.;

Blume s.n. (L, NY) as M. tomentosa;

Hasselt s.n. (L); Horsfield 1 bis (BM,

250

a eth 7 _

an tl

+i abel

Vol. XVII. (1961).

WEST Java:

Mp Java:

CGE, K); Junghuhn s.n. (L, U); 56 (K);

57 (L); 560 (K, L); 716 (L); Junghuhn.

date 1855 (LY); Kollmann, date 1838

(NY); Kuntze 4996 (NY); Teijsmann

& de Vriese, date 1859-1860 (L); de

Vriese 47 (L); de Vriese sn. (CAL , K);

Zollinger Nos. 825 (FI); 996 (A, CAL,.

FI, G & Prodr., K, L, LE, P) and 998

(G. Boiss.).

Tjimara, Udjong Kulon, Koorders 5260

(BO, CAL, L); Pasir Orai, Kosala,

Bantam, Forbes 295 (BO, CAL); Zibadui,

Kosala, Forbes 545a (BM, BO, CAL,

FI, LE); Lebak, Bantam, Kohl & Hasselt

s.n. (L); Bantam, Spanoghe s.n. (L);

G. Angsana, Djaunga, Backer 10022

(BO); Pasir Tjihidung, Batavia, Dakus

205 (BO, BRI, L, U); Djasinga Estate,

Dungun Iwul, v. Steenis 11200 (A, BO,

L, SING); the following Depok:—

Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 896 (BO); Hallier,

‘Ist Sept., 1896 (BO, K, L, U); Hildebrand

8 (BO); Koorders Nos. 24031 (BO, L);

31018 (BO, U); 33419 (BO, L); 3344]

(BO, K, SING); 40511 (BO); 42239

(BO) and 42783 (BO); Drs. V. Leeuwen

& J. J. Smith 545 (BO); Nature Reserve,

Depok, v. Steenis Nos. 2842 (BO); 12614

(BO); 12615 (A, BO, K, L, SING) and

Soegandiredja 274 (BO, L, SING); near

Depok, Schiffner 1980 (L); east of

Depok, Backer No. 23197 (BO); Tiji

Lodong, east of Depok, Backer 31193

(BO). The following three Bogor:—

‘ West of Sodeng, Djambu, Backer 23135

(BO); G. Andan, Bakhuizen v.d. Brink

5287 (BO, L) & G. Wiru, Bakh. v.d.

Brink 7793 (BO). The following four

Tjampea, G. Tjibodas:—Bijhouwer 268

(BO); Hallier 766 (A, BO, G Boiss., K,.

L, P, SING, U, W); Drs. v. Leeuwen

2285 (BO) and v. Steenis 654 (BO);

G. Tjiputi, Tjampea, Bakh. v.d. Brink

4208 (BO, K, L, P, UC); G. Parungpung,

Bakh. v.d. Brink Nos. 613 (U) and 4178

(BO, L, SING); Pelabuanratu, Preanger,

Koorders Nos. 5250 (BO, L,) and 525]

(BO, K, P); Lengkong, Drs. v. Leeuwen

2873 (BO, SING); Sukabumi, Koorders

5256 (BO); Biak Denu, Tijipatudja,

Backer 8835 (BO, SING).

Madjenang, Backer 18581 (BO); Prin-

gombo, Banjumas, Koorders Nos. 5274

(BO); 5275 (BO, K, UC); 1197 (BO,

K, L,); 33939 (BO) and 37501 (BO, P);

Sempor, Gombong, Kedu, Brinkman 760

(A, BO, K); Wonosobo, Trimuljo, Ja

2502 (A, BO, L).

251

Nusa

KAMBANGAN:

BORNEO SARAWAK:

BRUNEI:

WEsT BORNEO:

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO:

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO:

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Koorders Nos. 5277 (BO, L); 5280 (BO,

K, L); 26936 (BO, K, L, SING) and

26942 (BO, K, L, P); K. Babakan,

Kostermans & v. Woerden 85 (BO).

Matang, Beccari 1546 (FI, G, K, M, P, S);

aviland 634 (K) and Hullett 793 (SAR,

NG); Lio Matu, Upper Baram,

Moulton S.F.N. 6722 (BO, K, PNH,

SING); R. Kenaban, Upper Plieran,

Pickles SAR Nos. 3405 (SAR, SING)

and 3477 (SAR, SING) and SAR 361]

SAR, SING); near Long Kapa, Mt Dulit

(Ulu Tinjar) 4th Division, Richards

1220 (A, K, SING).

B. Mering F.R., Sow K.F.N. 80161 (BO,

K, KEP, L, SING); Kuala Belalong,

Temburong, Ashton, Smythies & Wood

SAN 17085 (BRUN, L, SAN, SING).

Batu Ampat, Pontianak, bb13727 (BO);

Pulau Lemukutan, Hallier 323 (BO, L)

and another collection Hallier 323 as

cinerea var. sumatrana; Sungei Sambas,

Hallier 1084 (BO, SING).

Gunong Sakumbang, Korthals s.n. (L, LE.

U); G. Pamatton, Korthals (25) (CAL,

K, MEL, S, VU).

West Kutei, No. 12, Lihan Batu Beng,

Endert 2281 (A, BO, K, L): No. 19, L,

Puhus, Endert Nos. 2436 (BO, K, L, P,

PNH, SING) and 4932 (A, BO, K, L,

SING); Segoi River, Kostermans 9667

(K, L); P. Sangkulirang, E. Kutei,

Kostermans 4831 (BO, K, L, P, PNH.

SING); Peak of Balikpapan, Kostermans

7367 BO, K, L).

Sebatik Island, St. Lucia, Tawau, Cuadra

A2407 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING);

Tawau, Elmer 21017 (A, BM, BO, BR,

C, G, K, L, M, NY, P, PNH, SING, U,

UC); Batu Mapan, Tawau, Maidin 4145

(K, L, SAN); G. Magdalen, Tawau,

Kapis & Michael Wong, SAN 17260 (L);

Pulau Keruing, S. Kretam Besar, Lahad

Datu, Wood A4787 (KEP, L, SAN,

SING); Kretam Jungle, Mendoza 429]

(K, KEP, SAN); Kinabatangan, Evan-

gilista 949 (A, NY); the following Sepilok

Forest:— Cpt. 9, Melegrito A4247 (K,

KEP, L, SAN, SING); Cpt. 10, Wood

252

’

Vol. XVII. (1961).

NATUNA

ISLANDS:

KARIMATA

ISLANDS:

PULAU

NUNUKAN:

CULTIVATED:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

SAN 16012 (KEP, L, SING); Cpt. 13,

Sinclair 9291 (A, B, E, K, L, M, SAN,

SING); Segaluid, Elopura, Sandakan,

Cuadra 1110 (BO, K, KEP, PNH, SAN,

SING, US); Bettotan near Sandakan,

Kloss S.F.N. 19002 (BO, BRI, NY,

SING, UC) and Valera 3816 (K, L); Batu

Lima, Sandakan and vicinity, Ramos 1433

(A, K, L, P, PNH, US); Sibaguey, San-

dakan, Ramos 1663 (A, BM, BO, BRI,

K, L, PNH, UC, US); Sandakan, Ramos

1721 (A, K, L, US) and 1757 (A, BM,

BO, L, NY, NSW, US) and Agama 1003

(A, K, L); Gompa, Kudat, Balajadia

4054 (K, SING); Ranau-Poring Road,

4th mile, Sinclair 9282 (L, SAN, SING);

Bukit Tenom, 2mls. West of Tenom,

Wood & Wyatt-Smith A4400 (KEP, L,

SAN, SING); 6 mls. S.S.E of Malaman,

Sipitang, Wood SAN 16815 (KEP, L,

SAN, SING); Tambunan, Wood &

Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 80439 (KEP, SAN,

SING).

P. Bunguran, G. Ranai, v. Steenis 1349 (B,.

BO, L, SING).

P. Karimata Besar, Mondi 205 (BO, K, L,

SING, U). 2

Northern part, Kostermans Nos. 8903 (BO,

K, L, P, SING); 8948 (BO, K, L, SING)

and 8950 (BO); W. Meijer Nos. 2081

i tBo. 1); 2094 (BO, K, L); 2/61 (BO,

K, L, SING) and 2/84 (BO, K, L, P,

PNH, SING); Paymans 52 (K, L).

All cultivated in Hort. Bog. Beccari

Nos. 7778 (FI); 7778a (FI) and 7779

(FI) as K. laurina; origin Banka, Beccari

7780 = 632 (FI) as K. laurina var.

bancana = (K. candollei Warb. nom.

nud.); Beccari Nos. 7781 (F1) and 778la

(FI) as K. laurina; Beccari s.n. (FI);

7782 (FI) and 7782a (FI) as K. laurina

var. amboinensis Warb., origin cannot

be Ambon as stated but is probably

Banka; Teijsmann, date 1867 (MEL);

Warburg Nos. 1738 (L, LE, M) and

2499 (C, G Boiss.).

Lower Burma (Mergui), Nicobars, Indo-

China, Siam, Sumatra including Banka

and Billiton, Malay Peninsula, _Java

except East Java, Borneo.

Myristica laurina Bl., Java and Nusa

Kambangan, Blume s.n. (A, BR, CAL as

24, K, L, MEL, NY, P, PDA, S). K.

253

Gardens Bulletin, S.

laurina (Bl.) Warb. var. amboinensis

Warb. Cult. Hort. Bog. (origin cannot be

Ambon as stated), Beccari s.n. (FI holo-

type); Beccari 7782 (FI) and 7782a (FI)

the numbered specimens must be part

of the type collection but Beccari s.n.

quoted by Warb. and having the words

K. laurina var. amboinensis written on

it is the actual holotype. Var. bancana

Warb. Beccari 7780 = 632 (FI) = K.

candollei Warb. nom. nud.). M. laurina

var. borneensis Mig. Sakumbang, Kor-

thals s.n. (L, LE, U) and Pamatton,

Korthals s.n. (CAL as 25, K, MEL,

S, U). M. laurina var. longifolia Miq.,

Pulau Pisang, Sumatra, Teijsmann s.n.

(K, LE) and Teijsmann 484 (BO, U),

this is probably all one collection. Var.

malayana Warb., see the several Nos.

quoted in Warb. page 609. M. tomentosa

Thunb. sensu Bl. Java and Nusa Kam-

bangan, Blume s.n. (L, NY) and Blume

(54) (L). M. cantleyi Hk. f., Cantley

195 (K). M. furfurascens Gandoger,

Junghuhn, date 1855, Java (LY). K.

conferta (King) Warb. var tonkinensis

Warb. Balansa Nos. 4176 (K, P) and

4199 (BR, G Boiss., K, L, P). K. elegans

Pierre ex Warb., Pierre 5432 (BO, CAL,

K, LE, P holotype). K. glauca (BI.)

Warb. var. nicobarica Warb., Nicobars,

.Kurz s.n. (BM, CAL, MEL) and Kurz

26088 (K) syntypes, probably all one

collection, but excluding King 536. K.

oblongata Merr., Ramos 1663 (A, BM,

BO, BRI, K, L, PNH holotype, UC, US).

K. obovoidea Merr., Elmer 21017 (A,

BM, BO, BR, CC, 'G, Ej“, wm NYSE.

PNH, SING, U, UC). K. tridactyla

Airy Shaw, Richards 1220 (A, K holo-

type, SING).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Luat khwai (Siam); piangu pipit (Suma-

tra); ekor andjing (Banka); sapie (Java).

I pointed out in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 332 that K. laurina

is a polymorphic species with numerous forms which grade into

each other. Had it been a species of economic value, we would

have had, through breeding and selective cultivation, many more

races and endless forms. K. oblongata and obovoidea from Borneo

have larger flowers than the Javanese, Sumatran, Malayan and

other Bornean forms but I have also united them with Jaurina as

they grade into each other. The following is an additional character

which may be useful in distinguishing sterile material of laurina

from conferta:—The apices of the twigs in Jaurina are not or very

seldom striate. They may be striate lower down in older twigs. In

254

SS re

Vol. XVII. (1961).

conferta they are usually striate at the apex as well as lower down.

Certain so-called varieties of K. laurina have been placed under

K. tomentella (see there).

After making the keys, I found that I could not separate K.

tridactyla Airy Shaw from laurina. It is represented only by a single

gathering with very young male flowers, which are exactly of the

same structure and with the same number of anthers as /Jaurina.

Here the size of the flowers is misleading, and on account of their

size, one may not at first sight see the connection between this so-

called tridactyla and laurina. (See note under immature material

in the introductory part). The leaves are narrower than in typical

laurina, but this may be due to the altitude and the habitat for

tridactyla was collected on a ridge 300 m. high on Mt Dulit in

Sarawak by Richards.—Richards 1200 (A, K, SING). It is connect-

ed by a series of intermediate forms to typical laurina and the

whole resemblance will be much clearer when these are examined.

It also resembles K. globularia because of its narrow leaves, but

that species has glabrous leaves and does not occur in Borneo.

The intermediate forms are as follows:—

(1) Wood & Wyait-Smith SAN 4400—almost typical laurina

with leaves dull above, but reticulations fainter than in

laurina.

(2) Cuadra Al100—nearly typical laurina except that the

leaves are glossy above and the reticulations are fainter.

(3) Pickles SAR 3477—large leaves with an acute base, upper

surface slightly glossy, reticulations faint; lower surface

ashy-grey, (i.e. of the same colour as tridactyla) and

sparsely tomentose.

(4) Endert 4932—leaves narrower than in Jlaurina; glossy

above with faint reticulations, tomentum sparse, base

generally acute. Here there is a closer approach to

tridactyla.

(5) Wood & Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 80439—very similar to tri-

dactyla. I had already named it tridactyla. The leaves

are glossy above with faint reticulations and sparse

tomentum, about the same width as tridactyla, but not

so long. A few of them are about the same size as the

smallest leaves of tridactyla. The flowers are those of

typical Jaurina, larger than those of immature tridactyla,

but still not quite mature. Of this series (4) and (5) are

closest to tridactyla especially (5), while (1) is closest to

laurina.

255

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(21) Knema linifolia (Roxb.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 558

te Oe

Basionym: Myristica linifolia Roxb. Fl. Ind. 3 (1832) 847.

Synonyms: M. longifolia Wall. ex Blume, Rumphia 1 (1835)

188; Hk.f.et Th. Fl. Ind. 1 (1855) 156 (excl. sp. malayan.=K.

furfuracea); A.DC. Prodr. 14 (1856) 204 excl. sp. malayan.; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. 1, 2 (1858) 69 excl. sp. malayan.; Hk.f.et Th. FA.

Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 110 excl. var. erratica; Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma

(1877) 283; Gamble, Man. Ind. Timbers (1881) 314; Clarke,

“Plants of Kohima in Muneypore”, in Journ. Linn. Soc. 25

(1889) 62; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 324 pl.

164 and 166. M. clarkeana King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.

3 (1891) 325 pl. 165. K. linifolia var. clarkeana (King) Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 561.—syn. noy.—Fig. 17.

Tree 10—20 m. high. Bark rough, greyish-brown with horizontal

wrinkles and light vertical fissures; sap red. Twigs rusty-tomen-

tulose at the apex, lower down striate, glabrous and pale grey, bark

not cracking. Leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate or

occasionally oblong-elliptic, glabrous and shining above, somewhat

glaucous beneath, apex acute, base acute, rounded or sub-cordate;

main nerves 25-35 pairs, prominent on both surfaces; reticulations

distinct on both surfaces; length 15-40 cm.: breadth 7-13 cm.;

petiole 1.5—2 cm. long. Male flowers obovoid or pyriform, tomen-

tose outside, red inside, 7 mm.—1 cm. long and 5—6 mm. broad, the

perianth segments thickened at the tips inside; pedicels 1.2—1.5

cm. long with the bracteole median or below the middle, occasion-

ally at the base of the flower; disc flat with 13-18 sessile anthers;

stalk of disc 3.5 mm. long, striate. Female flowers 6 mm. long with

shorter, 5-6 mm. long pedicels; ovary broadly ovate, rusty-tomen-

tose, 3 mm. long, tapering into a short, 1.5 mm. long style; stigma

bi-lobed. Fruit solitary or in clusters of 2-3, ellipsoid or ovoid,

very shortly stalked or sessile, rusty-tomentulose to tomentose, 2.5—

3.5 cm. long and 2.2 cm. broad.

INDIA s.L.: Griffith 282 (A).

BENGAL: N. Bengal, Topgow, K. Biswas 2064 (A);

Jalpaiguri, Tondu, Duars, Haines 443

(CAL, DD, E, K).

SIKKIM (EAST

HIMALAYA): Jerai, Dulkahar, Darjeeling, Gamble Nos.

483b (DD); 483d (BM, K) and 483g

(DD); the remainder Sikkim:—King

Nos. 2346 (CAL) and 5084 (LE) and

date 1878 (BM, CAL, DD); Thomson,

256

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Fig. 17. Knema linifolia (Roxb.) Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C_D,

staminal column. E, fruit. F, female flower enlarged. G, ovary and

stigmas. A~D from Wallich 6801 (W). E from Maung Ba Pe 11678

(DD). F-G from Roger 816 (DD).

257

EAST

PAKISTAN East

ASSAM:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

date 1857 (K); Kalijhora, Ribu &

Rhomoo 4087 (CAL); Birick, Cave, Ist

May, 1912 (E); Tista, Cave 19th April,

1916 (E); Mongpu, Cave, 19th May,

1917 (E); Clarke 36267 (CAL).

S.l., Griffith s.n. (CAL, K, LE, P); Jenkins

sn. (BO, CAL, DD, EK; i ae

PDA); Masters 1400 (CAL, L) and

Masters (Herb. Pierre 5461) (P); Prain

s.n. (CAL); Simmons s.n. (DD); Garo

Hills, Jura Peak, Mann, Dec. 1885 (CAL,

PDA); the following 7 Khasi (Khasia)

and Khasi Hills:—Hk. f. et Th. 126 (L)

and Khasia & [Chittagong] Hk. f. et Th.

s.n. (BM, CAL, CGE, E, G, K, L, LE,

M, P, W); Nungpo, Clarke 40679E (BM,

CAL, E, Fi, LE); Kurz s#. 10AL):

Coll. initials not clear 333 (CAL, LE);

Sylhet, Wall. Cat. 6801 (A, BM, BR,

CAL, CGE, DD, E, G and Prodr. &

Boiss.;, Kj. L,. LE;coM, . Pp POA. Wi:

Guliang Village, Sylhet, U. Kanjilal 4705

(CAL, DD); the following 3 Naga

Hills:—Collett 98 (CAL): Jerighat,

Jagermani 495 (A, DD) and Dandobhin

Nodu, Prain 680 (A, CAL); Sibsagar,

Peal 90 (CAL) and 142 (CAL); Dibru-

ghar, Masters 1122 (CAL); Rotung, Abor

Hills, J. -H.. Burkill. 37607 (CAL};

Manipur, K. Biswas 4987 (CAL) and

Clarke 42324A (BM, CAL, FI, LE);

Umsaw Forest, K. Biswas 3766 (CAL)

and Shri Ram, 24th April, 1935 (DD);

Lushai Hills, Prazer 7890 (CAL); 15

mls. S.E. of Lungleh, S. Lushai Hills,

Gage 152 (CAL, DD); Duffla Hills,

Lister 336 (CAL).

All Chittagong:— Hk. f. et Th. Nos. 128

(L); 566 (K); 1038 (P) and s.n. (A, C,

CAL, E,. FI; G, and Prodr.,, Ko i a

PDA, W); King Nos. 125 (L) and 4/2

(BO, DD, CAL, L, PDA); Taster 74

(CAL, L); Roxburgh 252 (BM); Main-

mukh, Chittagong Hill Tracts, Dent 94

(DD); Rangamati, Chittagong Hill

Tracts, Gamble Nos. 7940 (LE) and 794]

(CAL, DD, K, L, LE); Chittagong Hill

Tracts, King Nos. 97 (CAL, K); 496

(CAL, K) and date 1885 (FI); Lister

Nos. 47 (CAL); 382 (BM) and s.n.

(LE); near Chittagong, Cowan 2 (E);

Pharoha, Gamble Nos. 676la (DD) and

676Ic (DD); Kodala Hill, King 605 (BM,

CAL, K); Hazarikhil, Rao 5644 (DD).

258

Vol. XVII. (1961).

BURMA:

INDO-CHINA CENTRAL

VIETNAM

(ANNAM):

SIAM NorTHERN

DIVISION:

NORTH-EASTERN

DIVISION:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

VERNACULAR NAMES:

USES:

S.l., Griffith 4345 (C, CAL, K, LE, M,

P, U, W) and A. Roger 816 (DD);

Taram Tam, Upper Burma, Toppin 6032

(CAL); Mawraw Chaung, Myitkyina,

Parkinson 392 (DD, K); Mamma-

Namun, Buna, Myitkyina, C. G. Rogers

826 (CAL, DD, E); near Bhamo, Katha

District, Haines, March 1915 (K); Mawlu

Chuang, Katha District, Maung Thy

2371 (DD); Arakan, Kurz s.n. (CAL);

Boronga Island, Arakan, Kurz, 10th Oct.,

1869 (K); Zalok-gyi, Pyinmana, Ba Pe

11678 (DD); Toukgeghat, Pellowa Zeuk,

Kurz Nos. 985 (CAL, M) and 2433 (L);

Karen country, Kurz 2432 (CAL) and

sn. (BO); Papun, Meebold 17027

(CAL); Thaton District, Paingkyu to

Tale, E. side of Dawna Range near Tale,

Lace 4649 (DD, E, K); Moulmein,

, Falconer 546 (CAL); Chamgbya, Am-

herst District, Parkinson 5012 (DD);

Zimba Valley, Tavoy, Parker 2237 (DD);

Kaleinaung Reserve, Zimba Chaung,

Tavoy, Ba Pe Nos. 842 (CAL, DD) and

845 (CAL); Wagon, Tenasserim, Mee-

bold 15182 (CAL).

Poste 6, Prov. Quang, Poilane 29527

(SING, P).

Mae Ang, Lampang, Winit 1577 (BKF).

Loei, Phu Krading, Samkhae, Din 204

(BKF).

India (E. Himalaya, Assam, N. Bengal),

E. Pakistan (Chittagong), Burma, Indo-

China, Siam.

Myristica linifolia Roxb. Roxburgh 252

(BM holotype). M. longifolia Wall. ex

Bl., Wall. Cat. 6801 (A, BM, BR, CAL,

CGE, DD, E, G and Prodr. and Boiss.,

K holotype, L, LE, M, P, PDA, W).

M. clarkeana King, King Nos. 97 (CAL,

K); 4/2 (BO, DD, CAL, L,. PDA); 496

(CAL, K); 605 (BM, CAL, K) and

Peel 90 (CAL).

Tagling-asing (Abor); se (Manipur); tring-

thi (Lushai); garo-bhala (Assam); dieng-

soh-langor-skri; dieng soh-slung; dieng-

tyrkhou (Khasi); duing-kim-chi-ching

(Naga); bolanchi (Garo); meik-ya-naing

(Shan States); za-deip-hpo (Burmese);

chro-ta (Annam).

Wood used for house building. Juice caustic.

Sap and smoke often produce sores.

259

Gardens Bulletin, S.

_ There is some variation in the shape and size of the leaves. They

may be acute, rounded or sub-cordate at the base. Sterile forms

with narrow leaves are often difficult to distinguish from K. erratica

which occurs in the same area. The flowers too, vary in size and

iength of pedicel. The fruit varies in indumentum from tomentulose

to tomentose. It is generally, however, tomentose. I have included

var. clarkeana in linifolia since it very similar to Roxburgh 252,

the type of the species from Chittagong.

The leaves resemble those of K. furfuracea when they are sub-

cordate, but the bark of the twigs is not fissured as in that species

and (the stigma is bi-lobed, not several-lobed.

(22) Knema malayana Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 570 t. 25 f.

1-2 [excl]. syn. K. corticosa Lour. et M. corticosa (Lour.) Hk.f.et

Th. sensu Hk.f.et Th.]; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912)

242; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 69; Sinclair in Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 293 f. 9.

Synonyms: Myristica glaucescens (Jack) Hk.f.et Th. Fl. Ind. 1

(1855) 157 excl. sp. typica et incl. Griffith 4343 tantum; Hk-f. FI.

Br. Ind. 5 (1886) 111 quoad Griffith 4343, Maingay 1280 pro parte

et Maingay 1299 tantum; King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.

3 (1891) 323 pl. 161 quoad Griffith 4343, Maingay 1280 pro

_ parte, Maingay 1299 et King, Wray et Ridley Nos. tantum. M.

malayana (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 91

nom. alt. )

SIAM PENINSULAR

DIVISION: Ban Bajo, Toh Moh, Pattani, Lakshnakara

754 (BK, BM).

SUMATRA East Coast: Vicinity of Huta Bagasan, Asahan, Rahmat

Si Boeea 7023 (A, US).

PALEMBANG: Banjuasin & Kubestreken, Endert J89EIP905

(BO, L); Thorenaar 189EIP1006 (BO,

L, SING); Lematang Ilir, Thorenaar

91T3P251 (BO, SING); Lematang Ilir,

G. Megang, Thorenaar T683 (BO, L).

MALAY PENINSULA: All provinces except Perlis, Penang, Prov.

Wellesley, Pahang and Negri Sembilan.

For list see Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

294. Amend Sinclair Nos. 40280; 40368

and 40717 to K. communis. New and

first record for Kelantan:—Kampong

Gobek, Kerilla Estate, Mohd Shah &

Kadim 535 (K, L, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Lower Siam, Sumatra, Malay Peninsula.

' TYPE MATERIAL: K. malayana Warb., Warburg’s syntypes

Wray 176; King Nos. 5706; 6128; 8541

and 1/0594; Cantley 20; Griffith 4343 but

excluding Falconer, Tenasserim, Griffith

4349 and Curtis, Penang. See Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 296.

260

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Sterile and fruiting specimens of this species may at times be

confused with K. cinerea var. patentinervia or with typical forms

of var. sumatrana. K. malayana has thinner leaves than both these

varieties. The merves are similar to those of cinerea var.

patentinervia, but not so oblique as those of var. sumatrana. The

male pedicels are longer than those of either except those of var.

patentinervia f. longipedicellata. The species is common in Malaya

but rare elsewhere and absent in Borneo.

(23) Knema mandaharan (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897)

553 t. 24; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 319 f. 16.

Basionym: Myristica mandaharan Migq. F1. Bat. Suppl. 1 (1861)

384 et in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 48.

SUMATRA s.L.: Korthals s.n. (A, K, L, U); de Vriese s.n.

(A, BO, L, LE, NY, S, W); de Vriese

»(28) (CAL, L) and (66) (L).

ATJEH: Taleengon, Redelong, bb12270 (BO); Gajo

Lueus, Gunong Agosan, bb22410 (A,

BO, L); Gajolanden, from biv. 7 via Ayer

Panas to Ruma Bunder, v. Steenis 10092

(A, BO, K, L).

TAPANULI: Karohoogvlakte, bb6214 (BO, L); Sidika-

lang, Delleng, bb/5562 (BO, L).

West Coast: Sulike, Mangani, bb7430 (BO, SING);

Prov. Priaman, Diepenhorst (Teijsmann

3091) (BO, U); Nantigo near Mt Sago,

Pajukumbuh, Central Sumatra, W. Meijer

4075 (L, SING).

East Coast: Tongkoh, Karolanden, bb Nos. 6823 (BO,

“L,); 7200 (BO) and 8634 (BO); Masihi

F.R., Asahan, Krukoff 4082 (A, BO, BR,

BRI, G, L, LE, NY, SING, US); Sibo-

langit, Bander Baru, Lorzing 4585 (BO,

L).

MALAY PENINSULA: Perak, Trengganu, Johore. For list see

Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 321.

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.

TYPE MATERIAL: Diepenhorst (Teijsmann 3091) (BO, U

holotype).

K. mandaharan grows in wet and dry places in lowland forest

and up to 900 m. The specimens from the higher altitudes have

somewhat smaller and narrower leaves, often with more distinct

reticulations but otherwise there is no difference. It has not been

found in Borneo and the specimens which I quoted in Gard.

Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 321 namely Purseglove Nos. 4549 and 5367

and Wood SAN 16709 do not belong here. The first two are K.

latericia var. lunduensis and the other K. /atericia var. latericia.

261

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(24) Knema membranifolia Hubert Winkler in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.

49 (1913) 368.—Fig. 18.

Tree 15-20 m. high. Bark nearly smooth, pale brown, flaking

in thin strips; sap yellowish-red. Twigs glabrous, pale grey, angled,

slender and about 2 mm. thick at the apex, stout (4-5 mm. thick)

lower down, the bark tending to crack slightly. Leaves thinly

coriaceous, glabrous, drying yellowish-green above, paler beneath,

oblong-lanceolate or less often obovate-lanceolate, apex acute or

shortly acuminate, base acute, nerves 14-16 pairs, fine and raised

on both surfaces as is the midrib, ascending gradually and

interarching near the margins; reticulations fine above, slightly

more prominent beneath, mostly scalariform, forming a lax net-

work; length 12—25 cm.; breadth 4-7 cm.; petiole 1.5-2.5 cm. long.

Male flowers numerous on tomentose, 2 mm. long tubercles;

pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long with a median bracteole; perianth

triquetrous in bud, depressed in the centre when dry, glabrous,

8 mm. in diam., split nearly half-way by the lobes, yellow outside,

pink inside; staminal disc circular, 3 mm. across, flat or slightly

convex, stalk less than 1 mm. long; anthers 18-23, elongated,

well-spaced, sessile. Female flowers unknown. Fruit obovoid,

obtuse at the apex, at first minutely furfuraceous, soon glabrous,

3-3.4 cm. long and 1.6—2 cm. broad, sessile or on a very short,

stout, 3-5 mm. long stalk.

BORNEO SARAWAK: Gunong Gading, Daud & Tachun, S.F.N.

36113, (SAR, SING); Mt Merinjak,

Sadong, Native Collector 2648 (A, K,

PNH, US).

BRUNEI: North slopes of Bukit Patoi, Temburong,

' Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17127

(BRUN, K, L, SAN, SING).

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO: Hayup, Hubert Winkler 2460 (BM, BO,

BRSL, G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and

2546 (BM, BO, BRSL, G, K, L, SING).

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO: Sepaku, Balikpapan, b5b24649 (BO, L); Muan

Region near Sungei Riko, Balikpapan

Bay, Kostermans 4382 (BO, K, L, P,

PNH, SING); Sangkulirang Island, E.

Kutei, Kostermans Nos. 4854 (BO, K,

L, SING) and 4869 (BO, K, L, P, PNH,

L, SING) and 4869 (BO, K, L, P, PNH.

termans 9536 (BO, K, L).

BRITISH NORTH

BORNEO: Cpt. 15, Sepilok F.R., Wood & Kadir b.

Abdul SAN 17049 (KEP, L, SAN,

SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.

262

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

oma DEC

Fig. 18. Knema membranifolia Hubert Winkler.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged showing

staminal column. C, fruit. A~B from Winkler type material. C from

Daud & Tachun S.F.N. 36113 (SING).

263

Gardens Bulletin, S.

TYPE MATERIAL: Hubert Winkler Nos. 2460 (BM, BO, BRSL,

G, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and 2546 (BM,

BO, BRSL, G, K, L, SING) both

syntypes.

This species resembles typical K. curtisii from which it differs

in the stouter, thicker twigs with the bark tending to crack

slightly, the longer non-elliptic leaves with longer, 1.5 —2.5 cm.

long petioles and more distinct reticulations, the larger, almost

glabrous flowers, the circular staminal disc with well-spaced

anthers and in the obovoid sessile or almost sessile fruit, the

stalk when present being much shorter and thicker. The leaves

of both dry a pale green, but those of membranifolia are of a

more yellowish tinge.

(25) Knema muscosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.

Fig. 19.

Propter flores parvos, pedicellos floriferos breves, antheras

paucas (6-8), stipitatas, hanc speciem in “grege 7a” ponui. Haec

species K. tomentellae proxima floribus tomentosis. Inter

congeneres huius gregis, K. muscosa differt a K. stenophylla

reticulationibus foliorum distinctis; a K. communi et a K.

tomentella foliis juvenilibus glabris (subtus non squamosis nec

stellato-tomentellis) et ab omnibus congeneribus (K. stenophylla

excepta) foliis minoribus.

Arbor 8 m. alta. Ramuli graciles griseo-nigri glabri, apice

ferrugineo-furfuracei. Folia coriacea, glabra, lanceolata, supra

modice brunnea, subtus glauca, basi acuta, apice acuminata; 7-15

cm. longa; 2—3.5 cm. lata; costa utrinque valde prominens; nervi

10-12-jugati utrinque prominuli, graciles, marginem versus sensim

curvati; reticulationes densissimae conspicuae; petioli 1 cm. longi

setis minutis erectis nigris parce praediti Flores masculi in

alabastro obovoidei 4 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati cum pilis partim

stellatis, partim dendroideis ferrugineis; pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi,

medio bracteolati; discus staminalis planus cum stipite 0.5 mm.

longo; antherae 6—8, obtusae, stipitatae, leviter erectae. Fructus

obovoideus, ferrugineo-tomentellus, apice mucronatus, 1.8 cm.

longus, 1 cm. latus; stipes 7 mm. longus. Semen pallido-brunneum,

1.5 cm. longum, 8 mm. latum.

Tree 8 m. high. Bark characters unknown. Twigs slender,

greyish-black, glabrous except the rusty-furfuraceous tips. Leaves

coriaceous, drying medium brown above, glabrous _ beneath,

lanceolate, base acute, apex acuminate; midrib prominent on both

surfaces; nerves 10-12 pairs, fine, but rather faint on both surfaces,

curving gradually towards the margins, the line of interarching

indistinct; reticulations very close, conspicuous above and below;

length 7-15 cm.; breadth 2—3.5 cm.; petiole 1 cm. long, sparsely

covered with minute, black, erect, simple and branched hairs.

264

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 19. Knema muscosa J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,

staminal column. E, fruit. A-D from Clemens 22120 (A isotype).

E from Clemens 21599 (NY).

265

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Male flowers (not yet expanded) in bud ovoid, 4 mm. long and

3 mm. broad, rusty-tomentose outside, with both stellate and

dendroid hairs, glabrous and striate inside, with a thickened

tooth-like projection at the apex of each lobe; pedicels 2-3 mm.

long with a minute bracteole at the middle; staminal disc flat on

a 0.5 mm. long stalk; anthers 6-8, obtuse, shortly stalked, slightly

erect. Female flowers not seen. Fruit obovoid, rusty-tomentulose,

mucronate at the apex, 1.8 cm. long and 1 cm. broad on a 7 mm.

long stalk. Seed pale brown, 1.5 cm. long and 8 mm. broad.

BORNEO Sarawak: Mt Majau, summit (probably Mt Sengajau),

Gaat (Gat), Upper Rejang River,

Clemens Nos. 21599 (K, NY) and 22120

(A, BM, BO, K, L, NY, PNH, SAR,

SING).

DISTRIBUTION: As above.

TYPE MATERIAL: Clemens 22120 (A, BM, BO, K holotype,

L, NY, PNH, SAR, SING).

This species, so far, is known only from the moss forest of Mt

Majau. Its leaves are frequently covered with small epiphytic

mosses and hepatics. For this reason I have named it “muscosa”.

I have placed it in group 7a, where it is nearest to K. tomentella

in the similar, small, tomentose flowers with few anthers. The

flowers of the other near relatives are tomentulose, not densely

tomentose. It differs from K. tomentella and communis in the

glabrous leaves which are also smaller than in those of ail the

members of the group except stenophylla.

(26) Knema oblongifolia (King) Warb.

var. oblongifolia See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958) 321.

var. monticola (King) Warb. See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

323.

Note:—A specimen in the British Museum and in the University

of California, C. Boden Kloss s.n., Feb. 1912 (BM, UC) Menuang

Gasing, Ulu Langat, Selangor, bearing the name Myristica cantleyi

Hk. f. forma glabrior Ridley (a nomen nudum) was cited in a

publication by Ridley in Journ. Fed. Mal. Stat. Mus. 6 (1915)

12 as M. cantleyi Hk. f., large-leaved, nearly glabrous form. This

article was reprinted in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 41 (1913) 296 but in

none of these two publications is the actual name forma glabrior

used. I have examined this sheet and found it to be Knema

oblongifolia var. monticola (King) Warb.

(27) Knema pectinata Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 556 t. 24.

Synonym: Myristica pectinata (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. Fl. Ned.

Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 90 nom. alt.—Fig. 20.

266

a Po

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

3cm

Fig. 20. Knema pectinata Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C, fruit.

_ A-B from Beccari 1607 (FI holotype). C from Wood SAN 16286

(SING).

267

Gardens Bulletin, S-.

Tree 15 m. high. Bark greyish brown or reddish brown, hard,

a few thin large flakes and some dents here and there, where the

flakes have fallen out, otherwise smooth: sap red, fairly copious.

Twigs stout and rusty-puberulous at the apex, lower down

glabrous, and striate. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate or

oblong-lanceolate, dark green and glossy above with whitish

midrib, drying dark brown above and glaucous beneath, apex

acute or somewhat obtuse, base rounded or sub-cordate; midrib

stout, raised on both surfaces; nerves very numerous, 40-52 pairs,

parallel, nearly horizontal, interarching at the margins in a double

loop, fine above but distinct, slightly depressed, very prominent

beneath; reticulations forming a very close network on both

surfaces, but less distinct above; length 20-32 cm.; breadth 6-9

cm.; petiole stout, 1.5-2 cm. long. Male flowers on short woody

tubercles; pedicels 8 mm.—1 cm. long, slightly angled, minutely

pubescent with a minute bracteole at the middle or slightly above

the middle; perianth triquetrous in bud, 5-6 mm. in diam.,

minutely medium brown-tomentulose outside, whitish at the

margins, pale red and glabrous inside; staminal disc sub-concave,

1.75 mm. in diam., bearing about 14 sub-sessile anthers. Fruit

oblong, medium brown-tomentulose, flanged along the line of

suture, 3 cm. long and 1.8 cm. broad (not mature); stalk 2 mm.

long.

BORNEO SaRAwak: Ist Division:—Kuching, Beccari 1607 (FI,

G, K, M, P, S); north slopes of Mt

Penrissen, M. Jacobs 5112 (L, SAR);

Matang, Sinclair 10340 (A, B, E, K, L,

SAR, SING) alt. 1,500-2,000 ft.

BRITISH NorTH

BORNEO: Ulu Moyah, Sipitang, 8 mls. S.S.E. of

Malaman, Wood SAN 16286 (KEP, L,

SAN, SING).

DISTRIBUTION: As above.

TYPE MATERIAL: Beccari 1607 (FI holotype, G, K, M, P, S).

more numerous nerves.

This rare species is remarkable for its numerous, thick, parallel

nerves and coriaceous leaves. It may be placed in the group with

korthalsii, glomerata and woodii from which it differs in the

(28) Knema percoriacea J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 21.

Haec species inter K. furfuraceam et latericiam ponenda sed

secundae proxima accedit. A priore foliis aliquantum minoribus,

basi rotundatis vel acutis (non cordatis) florum et fructuum

tomento densiore et longiore, pedicellis floriferis brevioribus et a

latericia ramulis crassioribus, foliis magis coriaceis, floribus

majoribus cum pedicellis crassioribus, tomentum eorum longiori-

bus, antheris pluribus differt.

268

=—

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fig. 21. Knema percoriacea J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves. B, male flowers. C, male flower enlarged. D,

staminal column. E, female flowers. F, female flower enlarged. G,

ovary with stigmas. H, fruit. I, hair from C enlarged. A from

Kostermans 9945 (L.) B—D from Ashton BRUN 5164 (SING).

E-G from Kostermans 4164 (L). H from Winkler 2110 (L).

269

Gardens Bulletin, S-

Arbor 5-22 m. alta. Cortex fuscus, longitudinaliter striatus,

non abscidens; latex ruber. Ramuli apice ferrugineo-tomentosi,

in partibus vetustioribus decorticantes brunnei vel griseo-brunnei.

Folia coriacea, supra atro-viridia nitida (in sicco olivacea)

lanceolata, apice acuta vel rotundata, 13-32 cm. longa, 3-7 cm.

lata; petioli 1-1.5 cm. longi; costa supra albida, subtus flavido-

Viridis, utrinque elevata; nervi 18-22-jugati distinctae; reticula-

tiones prominentes, subtus plerumque scalariformes. Flores masculi

globosi fasciculati, per fasciculum 10-12 dispositi, ferrugineo-

tomentosi, 5-6 mm. in diam. (nondum aperti) cum pilis dendroideis

1-2 mm. longis; perianthii lobi intus infra apicem incrassati;

pedicelli crassi, 3 mm. longi, medio bracteolati; discus staminalis

triangularis, antheris 14-17 obtusis sessilibus coronatus. Flores

feminei ut in masculis sed multo majores, 8-9 mm. longi, 7 mm.

lati; pedicelli 4 mm. longi et crassi; ovarium sub-globosum, dense

tomentosum, 5 mm. in diam.; stigma in + 10 lobos fissum.

Fructus sessilis, oblongo-ellipsoideus, dense ferrugineo-tomentosus,

3 cm. longus, 2 cm. latus.

Tree 5—22 m. high. Bark dark reddish brown, longitudinally striate

but not flaking; sap red. Twigs rusty-tomentose at the apex, greyish

brown with flaking bark in the older portions. Leaves coriaceous,

dark green and glossy above with whitish midrib, olivaceous

when dry, glaucous beneath with yellowish green midrib,

lanceolate, apex acute, base acute or rounded; midrib raised above

and below; nerves 18-22 pairs, distinct on both surfaces; reticula-

tions also distinct on both surfaces, mostly scalariform beneath;

length 13-32 cm.; breadth 3—7 cm.; petiole stout, 1-1.5 cm. long.

Male flowers compact, in clusters of 10-12, rusty-tomentose with

1-2 mm. long dendroid hairs, sub-globose in bud, 5-6 mm. in

diam. (not quite mature); perianth lobes coriaceous, thickened

inside below the apex: pedicels stout, 3 mm. long with a median

bracteole; staminal column triangular with 14-17 obtuse. sessile

anthers. Female flowers as in the male but much larger, 8-9 mm.

long and 7 mm. broad; pedicels 4 mm. long and 4 mm. thick;

ovary sub-globose, densely tomentose, 5 mm. in diam.; stigma

lobes about 10. Fruit sessile, densely rusty-tomentose with dendroid

hairs, oblong-ellipsoid, 3 cm. long and 2 cm. broad.

BORNEO SaRAWAK: Gunong Gaharu, Sinclair 10244 (A, B, E,

_ K, L, SAR, SING); Kapit, Upper Rejang

River, Clemens 21209 (K, NY, SAR).

BRUNEI: Berakas, Ashton 5164 (BRUN, L, SAR,

SING); Kuala Belalong, Temburong,

Ashton, Smythies & Wood SAN 17080

(BRUN, K, L, SING).

West Borneo: Simpang, Djerungkong, bb8319 (BO).

270

Vol. XVII, (1961).

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO:

SOUTH AND Hayup, Hubert Winkler 2110 (BO, BRSL,

EAST AND

NORTH-EAStf

BORNEO: Loa Djanan, west of Samarinda, Koster-

mans Nos. 6731 (BO, K, L); 9880 (BO,

K, L) and 9945 (BO, K, L, SING);

Sungei Wain, north of Balikpapan, bb

Nos. 34455 (BO, L); 34467 (BO, L);

and 34469 (BO, K, L); Kostermans Nos.

4060 (BO, K, L, PNH, SING); 4/64

(BM, BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING) and

4535 (BO, K, L, P, PNH, SING); Men-

tawir River basin, Sauveur Nos. 17 (BO,

K, L, P, SING) and /22 (BO, K, L).

BRITISH NorTH

BORNEO: Ulu Mendalong, 6 miles S.S.E. of Malaman,

Sipitang, Wood SAN 16749 (K, L, SAN,

SING).

PULAU

NUNUKAN: bb26185 (BO, L).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Kostermans 9945 (BO, K_ holotype, L,

SING).

This species:is somewhat intermediate between K. furfuracea

and /atericia and one may have some difficulty in distinguishing

it from either when sterile. It differs from typical Jatericia in the

rigidly coriaceous leaves and in the thicker twigs, the latter 4-6

mm. thick at the apex as against 2-3 mm. in Jatericia. In this

respect its twigs are like those of furfuracea, while the leaves, also

somewhat similar, are slightly smaller than those of that species

and are not cordate at the base. The flowers, male and female,

are larger than those of latericia (about 4 times) and the similar

dendroid hairs of their tomentum are longer, 1-2 mm. long as

against 0.25-0.5 mm. in latericia. The tomentum of the flowers

and fruits is also longer than that of furfuracea and does not tend

to get rubbed off as in that species. The flowering pedicels are

thicker and shorter than those of both Jatericia and furfuracea. The

anthers too, (a good criterion for separation) are more numerous,

14-17, as against 9-12 and 10-13 in /atericia and furfuracea respec-

tively. |

I had intended to make percoriacea a variety of latericia but I

saw a tree of the former in Sarawak and the bark of the main

trunk was entirely different—longitudinally striate and not flaking

as in latericia. The bark of the twigs, however, is flaky like that

of latericia. The different bark of the main trunk and the rather

numerous other differences justify, in my opinion, the raising of

its rank to that of a species.

271

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(29) Knema plumulosa J. Sinclair. See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

312.

(30) Knema retusa (King) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 612 t.

25; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23 (1912) 249; Ridley, FI.

Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 72; Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

318.

Basionym: Myristica retusa King in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard.

Calc. 3 (1891) 330 pl. 171.—Fig. 22.

_ In October 1958 I visited Gunong Bubu, Perak, the object in

view being to try to get flowering material of K. retusa which was

collected once and in fruit only by King’s collector from this

single locus classicus—King 7690 (BO, CAL, G, K, L, P). Although

the area is about 20 miles long and 5 miles wide, and at that time

there were bandits there, I succeeded in finding several trees and

obtained male and female flowers and young fruit. The tree is

conspicuous in the forest by its large leaves with a rusty under-

surface. Since King’s description is incomplete, I now give some

additional notes.

Tree 6-18 m. high. Bark dark brown, very slightly rough, but

not flaking nor furrowed; sap pink, copious. Leaves dark green,

glossy and with a whitish-green midrib above, covered with minute

rusty scales beneath, greyish or glaucous later. Male flowers

coriaceous, 1-1.2 cm. long, 7 mm. broad, medium brown,

tomentulose outside, whitish inside, slightly fragrant; pedicels

1-1.5 cm. long with a 2-3 mm. long bracteole at the base of the

perianth; staminal disc concave or flat with 15 white, sub-erect,

shortly stalked anthers. Female flowers oblong, 1.4 cm. long and

1 cm. broad, the perianth split down 3 of its length into the lobes;

pedicels 3-5 mm. long; ovary chocolate-tomentose, 5 mm. long

and 6 mm. broad, tapering into the 2-lobed stigma, each lobe

again divided into 2 smaller lobes. Fruit stalk 1 cm. long.

PERAK (extra specimens): Gunong Bubu F.R., Sungei Kenas, Sinclair

9885 (B, P, SING) sterile; Gunong Bubu

F.R., Manong, Sinclair Nos. 9907 (A, B,

E, K, L, SING) male and 9908 (A, E,

K, L, NY, SING) female.

The aril is normal (observed from young fruit) and not merely

embracing the base of the seed as stated by King. The alliance is

not with K. mandaharan with which I put it in the absence of

flowering material. It would appear to be placed best in group 3b

next to K. ashtonii and near to oblongifolia (group 3a), but differ-

ing from the latter in having stalked anthers. Both have large

obtuse leaves with many nerves and an apiculate fruit. The rusty

brown appearance of the lower surface of the large leaves will

distinguish it from other Malayan species.

272

Vol. XVII. (1961).

80 uw

Fig. 22. Knema retusa (King) Warb.

A, twig with leaves. B, ovary and stigmas. C, fruit. D, twig with male

flowers. E, male flowers. F—G, staminal column. H, scale from

lower surface of leaf. I, twig with female flowers. A, B and I from

Sinclair 9908 (SING). C from King 7690 (L isotype). D~H from

Sinclair 9907 (SING).

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(31) Knema rigidifolia J. Sinclair. See Gard. Bull. Sing. 16 (1958)

284.

(32) Knema rufa Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 556 t. 24 f. 1-3.

Synonym: Myristica rufa (Warb.) Boer]. Hand]. Fl. Ned. Ind.

3, 1 (1900) 90 nom. alt.—Fig. 23.

Tree 3—15 m. high. Bark dark brown, not furrowed nor flaking,

sparsely covered with lenticels. Young twigs slender, 2-3 mm.

thick at the apex, rusty-tomentose, later glabrous, medium brown,

greyish lower down, faintly striate. Leaves thinly coriaceous,

glabrous except when very young, dark green and dull above with

a whitish green midrib, glaucous beneath with a yellowish green

midrib, lanceolate, base rounded and then cuneate, apex

acuminate; midrib raised on both surfaces; nerves 14-20 pairs,

equally prominent on both surfaces as are the close reticulations,

spreading, almost horizontal, rather crooked, interarching near the

margins; length 15-25 cm.; breadth 34.5 cm.; petiole 1-1.5 cm.

long, rusty-tomentose when young, later glabrous. Male flowers

on very short, 2 mm. long, axillary tubercles; pedicels 1.5—2 cm.

long, rusty-tomentose with a minute bracteole a little below the

flower; perianth 6 mm. long and 5 mm. broad, rusty-tomentose

outside with dendroid hairs, glabrous inside, ovoid-globose in

bud, 3-lobed, the lobes broad and obtuse; staminal disc sub-

concave with 10-15 elongate, sub-sessile anthers, the connectives

produced slightly beyond the anthers. Female flowers not seen.

Fruit elliptic, 2.3-2.5 cm. long and 1.5 cm. broad, sparsely covered

with 3 mm. long, shining, rusty-brown hairs; stalk 2 cm. long.

BORNEO SaARAWAK: First Division:—Mount Matang, Beccari

1798 (FI, G, K, P); Semengoh F.R.,

Sinclair 10191 (E, K, L, SAR, SING)

fruit; Sungei Sabal Tapang, Serian, Sin-

clair 10267 (E, SAR, SING) fruit.

BRUNEI: Andulau F.R. (west) area of construction

of a new road, Sinclair 10451 (A, B, E,

FI, K, L, NY, SAR, SING) immature

male flowers.

DISTRIBUTION: Sarawak and Brunei. Rare.

TYPE MATERIAL: Beccari 1798 (FI holotype, G, K, P).

I went specially to Borneo to look for this rare species, collected

once in male flower by Beccari. I was fortunate to find it at

Semengoh Forest Reserve on the first day of my expedition and

with fruit. The leaves are exactly like those of K. intermedia. The

flowering pedicels are longer, the flower is larger, and the staminal

disc is flat or concave, not mammillate. The shaggy fruit is quite

unlike that of any other Knema species and will at once distinguish

it.

274

Vol. XVII. (1961).

5mm

° Ea.

* 3S

Fuearat

peL.

Fig. 23. Knema rufa Warb.

A, twig with leaves. B, twig with male flowers. C, male flower enlarged.

D, hair enlarged from male flower. E—F, staminal column with

dehiscing anthers. G—H, staminal column with young anthers. I,

fruit. A-F from Beccari 1798 (FI holotype). G-H from Sinclair

10451 (SING). I from Sinclair 10191 (SING).

275

Gardens Bulletin, S.

(33) Knema scortechinii (King) J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing.

16 (1958) 288 f. 7.

Basionym: Myristica scortechinii King in Ann. Roy. Bot.

Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 317 pl. 153.

Synonyms: Knema conferta var. scortechinii (King) Warb..

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 580; Gamble, Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. 5, 23

(1912) 244; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 3 (1924) 70.

SUMATRA Fast Coast: Labuhan Batu, Perbaungan, bb/0335 (BO).

MALAY PENINSULA: Kedah, Perak, Trengganu, Pahang, Selan-

gor, Johore. For list see Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 289. Additional re-

cords:—-NEGRI SEMBILAN: Sungei Me-

nyala F.R., Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 64726

(KEP) and G. H. S. Wood K.F.N. 71870

(KEP); Nilai, Jindaram Estate, Md.

Shah 81 (SING) and 126 (SING).

DISTRIBUTION: Sumatra and Malay Peninsula.

TYPE MATERIAL: M. scortechinii King, Scortechini, Wray

and King’s numbers. See Gard. Bull.

Sing. 16 (1958) 289.

Since my account of the Malay Peninsula Myristicaceae ap-

peared in 1958, this species is now recorded for the first time

from Sumatra and there are several records for Negri Sembilan.

M. laurina var. borneensis Miq. is not a synonym for this species

as stated by King and myself but is simply K. /aurina.

(34) Knema stenophylla (Warb.) J. Sinclair in Gard. Bull. Sing.

16 (1958) 300 f. 11.

Basionym: Gymnacranthera stenophylla Warb. Monog.

Myrist. (1897) 364 t. 20 f. 1-2.

Synonym: Myristica stenophylla (Warb.) Boerl. Handl. FI.

Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 88 nom. alt.

MALAY PENINSULA: Kedah, Kelantan, Penang, Perak, Treng-

ganu, Pahang, Selangor, Negri Sembilan

and Johore. For list see Gard. Bull. Sing.

16 (1958) 300. New and first records

for Negri Sembilan:—Nilai, Jindaram

Estate, Mohd. Shah Nos. 72 (A, BKF,

BO, DD, K, L, LAE, LWG, PNH,

SING) and 88 (A, BKF, BO, DD, K,

L, LAE, PNH, SING). There are also

records for Pulau Jarak in the Straits

of Malacca, Wyatt-Smith K.F.N. 71059

(KEP) and Pulau Lalang, Wyatt-Smith

101 (KEP).

DISTRIBUTION: Malay Peninsula.

TYPE MATERIAL: Kehding 150 (FI holotype).

Lowland forest. Near to K. cinerea vars sumatrana and

patentinervia and to K. malayana but with smaller leaves and

fainter nerves. The flowers too, are smaller.

276

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

(35) Knema tomentella (Mig.) Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 588

rey, 25 £. 1-2,

Basionym: Myristica corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. var.

tomentella Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd:-Bat. 1 (1864) 207.

Synonyms: M. corticosa var. amplifolia Mig. in Ann. Mus.

Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 1 (1864) 207. M. corticosa var. ceramensis Miq.

in Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 2 (1865) 51. M. glauca Bl. var.

bancana (Warb.) Boerl. Hand]. Fl. Ned. Ind. 3, 1 (1900) 92

nom. alt. M. laurina var. minahassae (Warb.) Boerl. |. c. 92

nom. alt. M. tomentella (Miq.) Boerlage, Handl. Fl. Ned. Ind.

3 (1900) 91 nom. alt. K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. bancana Warb.

Monog. Myrist. (1897) 597—syn. nov. K. laurina (Bl.) Warb.

var. minahassae Warb. Monog. Myrist. (1897) 620—syn. nov.

Knema stellata Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 11 (1916) 182 et in

Enum. Philip. Fl. Plants 2 (1923) 184—syn. nov. K. alvarezii

Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 13 (1918) 288 et Enum. Philip. FI.

Plants 2 (1923) 183—syn. nov. Palala sexta Rumph. Herb. Amb.

2 (1750) 28.—Fig. 24.

Tree 5-12 m. high. Bark brownish grey with some dents but

no flakes or fissures; inner bark red; sap red, copious. Twigs

striate and rusty-tomentulose at the apex with dendroid and

stellate hairs, glabrous and greyish brown lower down. Leaves

coriaceous, glabrous above,. rusty-furfuraceous on the lower

midrib, becoming glabrous, dark green and glossy above when

fresh, dark brown or slightly greenish brown above when dry,

glaucous beneath, rather variable in shape, lanceolate, oblong-

lanceolate, elliptic-lanceolate or slightly obovate, apex acute,

sharply acuminate or less often obtuse or retuse, base acute to

rounded; midrib raised on both surfaces; nerves 12-26 pairs,

distinct and raised on both surfaces; reticulations forming a dense

network on both surfaces; length 7-25 cm.; breadth 2-7 cm:

petiole 1 cm. long. Male flowers densely rusty-tomentose with

dendroid and stellate hairs, 2.5—-3 mm. long, deeply tri-lobed;

pedicels very short, about 3 mm. long with a minute + median

bracteole; staminal disc flat with 6-9 stalked, well-spaced, obtuse

anthers. Female flowers as in the male but 5—6 mm. long; pedicels

thick, 3 mm. long; ovary tomentose, 1.5 mm. in diam. with a

sessile, bi-lobed stigma, the main lobes again 2—3-lobed. Fruit

harshly rusty-tomentose with stellate and dendroid hairs, obovoid,

less often sub-globose, obtuse at the apex, narrowed towards the

base, 2—2.5 cm. long and 1.8 cm. in diam.; stalk 5 mm.—I1 cm.

long and 3 mm. thick. :

277

Gardens Bulletin, S.

lee

Fig. 24. Knema tomentella (Mig.) Warb.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,

staminal column. E-—F, female flowers enlarged. G, fruit. H,

narrower leaves of the Philippine K. stellata, now included in K.

tomentella. 1, fruit from the above Philippine form. A—D from

Robinson 238 (A). E-F from Robinson 236 (SING). G from

Kostermans 646 (PNH). H-I from Merrill 1706 (PNH).

278

Vol. XVIII, (1961).

PHILIPPINES Luzon:

SAMAR:

CELEBES NortTuH

PENINSULA:

CENTRAL

CELEBES:

SOUTH-WEST

PENINSULA:

SOUTH-EAST

PENINSULA:

MOLUCCAS Mororal!:

HAL-

MAHEIRA:

BATJAN:

OBI:

BURU:

CERAM:

Prov. Nueva Ecija:—Mt Macasandal,

Alvarez Nos. 22395 (BM, BO, L, P)

and 22397 (BM, K, US).

Prov. Rizal:—Montalban, Loher Nos. 12390

(A, BM, BO, M, P, UC); 13390 (A, M,

UC); 12630 (UC).

Prov. Laguna:—Makahuyong, Mt Bana-

hao, E. Gutierrez 3487. (SING).

Ambalate, Ramos 1706 (A, BM, BO, BRI,

CAL, G, L, NSW, NY, P, PNH, SING);

Catubig River, Ramos Nos. 24276 (A,

BM, K, NY, P, US) ‘and 24430 (K, P,

US); Cagmanaba, Catubig River, Sablaya

waa ke, P).

Minahassa, Koorders Nos. 18132 (BO) and

18152 (BO, L); the remainder Manado,

Koorders Nos. 18167 (BO) and 18169

(BO); Rarampondo, bb15087 (BO, L);.

Amurang, bb17178 (A, BO, L); Beccari

7772 (FI) cult. Hort. Bog. ex Manado,

(Riedel).

Usu, Malili, Cel III/112 (BO, L) and

Cel II/318 (BO, K, L); Ra Roua, bb2329

(BO); Malili, Kjellberg 2006 (BO, S);.

Preho, Kjellberg 2494 (BO, S).

Rante Lemo, Kjellberg 1608 (S); Todjambu,

Kjellberg 1807 (BO, S); Pangkadjene,

Teijsmann 11735 (BO, L, SING); Bikeru,

Warburg Nos. 16718 (E) and 16719 (C,

Per eFM).

Wawo-Sondu near Kendari, Beccari Nos.

7770 (FI) and 7771 (FI); Kendari,

Kjellberg 621 (BO, S); Staringbaai, Pella

60 (BO).

Totodaku, Kostermans 646 (A, BO, K, L,

PNH, SING).

Tilope, West Peninsula, Anang 542 (BO,

Fy:

Kampong Senggah, N. of Labuha, Alston

16910 (BM).

Atasrip Nos. 62 (BO, SING) and 89 (BO,

SING); B. Kasina, bb23801 (BO, L).

Kajeli, Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING); Ehu,

Toxopeus 867 (BO).

Teijsmann s.n. (K); Teijsmann Nos. 1991

(BO, U) and 5019 (BO, CAL, U);

Teiismann & de Vriese s.n. (L); de Vriese

s.n. (CAL, L); Piru, West Ceram, Rutten

2103 (BO, L, U).:

279

AMBON:

NEW

GUINEA VOGELKOP

(DuTCH

WEST

NEw

GUINEA):

CULTIVATED:

DISTRIBUTION:

TYPE MATERIAL:

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Hatui Besar, bb/0130 (BO); Robinson Nos.

236 (A, BM, BO, CAL, K, L, NY, P,

NSW, SING, US); 237 (A, BO, K, L,

US) and 238 (A, BM, P, NY. US); de

Fretes 5745 (BO, PDA); de Fretes s.n.

(U); Teijsmann s.n. (BO, SING).

Warnapi, north of Ransiki, 80 km south

of Manokwari, Kostermans 4745 (A, BO,

K, L, PNH, SING).

Hort Bog. IVH 87 Sinclair 10029 (A, B,

E, K, L, NY, SING) origin Ambon;

Hort. Bog., Warburg 1742 (L, LE, M);

Hort. Bog. Beccari Nos. 7789 (FI); 7789a

(FI) and s.n. (FI).

Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas and New

Guinea.

M. corticosa var. tomentella Mig., Ambon,

(Teijsmann) de Fretes (U holotype); var.

amplifolia Miq., Manado, (Riedel)

Beccari 7772 (FI holotype); var. cera-

mensis Miq., Ceram, Teijsmann & de

Vriese (CAL, K, L, U); Teijsmann 1991]

(BO, U) and 5019 (BO, CAL, U). K.

glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. bancana Warb.,

Cult. Hort. Bog. Beccari s.n. (FI holo-

type); Beccari 7789 (FI) and Beccari

7789a (FI); the numbered sheets also part

of the type collection but Beccari s.n.

quoted by Warb. is the holotype. The

FI sheets were given numbers later. K.

laurina var. minahassae Warb., Koorders

Nos. 18167 (BO) and 18169 (BO). K.

stellata Merr., Ramos 24276 (A, BM,

K, NY, P, US). K. alvarezii Merr.,

Alvarez Nos. 22395 (BM, BO, L, P) and

22397 (BM, K, US).

VERNACULAR NAMES: Rahaan (north Celebes); kasumbeli (S.E.

Peninsula, Celebes); palala puteh or

palala daun-kechil (Ambon).

This is the only Knema species in New Guinea. The small,

tomentose flowers and the very short pedicels are noteworthy. The

striate twigs, the closely reticulate leaves, the deeply lobed

perianth, the median bracteole and the stalked anthers are

characters which suggest an alliance with K. conferta and

scortechinii but it is distinct in the few anthers and the very short

flowering pedicels. It is perhaps nearest to K. muscosa. I have

placed it in group 7a along with muscosa. See under that

species. The leaves are variable in size and they are usually

acuminate at the apex. Sometimes they are retuse giving the

280

Vol. XVII. (1961).

plant quite a different appearance. I cannot describe the speci-

mens with retuse leaves as a separate form or variety since

I have seen sheets with acuminate, obtuse and retuse leaves on

the same specimens. K. glauca (Bl.) Warb. var. bancana Warb.

belongs here and not to (glauca)=cinerea. It was described from

material grown in Hort. Bogoriensis but the origin cannot be

Banka as stated by Beccari on the label. [Similarly K. laurina var.

amboinensis Warb. was described from material collected in Hort.

Bog. by Beccari, reputed to have come from Ambon. Again the

locality cannot be Ambon as this species (/aurina) is not found in

the Moluccas. This variety actually, is not different from typical

laurina nor is K. laurina var. bancana Cult. in Hort. Bog. origin

Banka different from typical laurina. It seems that the labels from

Banka and Ambon have been mixed in Hort. Bogoriensis. This

is not surprising or unusual as the trees of Myristicaceae in

Bogor grow close together and from my own experience I have

observed some erroneous localities on their labels. I saw and

collected good material of typical K. tomentella in Bogor, origin

Ambon, which is identical with Warburg’s K. glauca var. bancana,

namely Sinclair 10029 IVH 87.

(36) Knema uliginosa J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 25.

Inter species cum androecio apice mammillato haec ponenda.

K. plumulosae proxima sed ramulis glabris pallido-griseis et

floribus minoribus praecipue differt.

Arbor 5 m. alta. Ramuli glabri, pallido-grisei, leves. Folia

sub-coriacea, glabra, lanceolata, basi rotundata vel acuta, apice

acuta vel acuminata, 14-29 cm. longa, 3.5—7 cm. lata; costa, et

nervi (15—18—jugati) utrinque prominentes; reticulationes vix

conspicuae; petioli 8 mm.—1 cm. longi. Flores masculi 5-6 mm.

in diam., pilis' dendroideis breviter ferrugineo-tomentosi, in

alabastro apice depressi; pedicelli 5-6 mm. longi prope apicem

minute bracteolati; androecium apice convexum vel mammillatum

brevissime stipitatum, cum antheris 12 obtusis horizontalibus.

distantibus fere sessilibus vel breviter stipitatis stellatim coronatum.

Fructus sub-globosus vel paullo obovatus, ferrugineo-tomentosus,

1.8 cm. longus, 1.5 cm. latus cum stigmate persistenti, 8—10-lobato

et cum stipite 4 mm. longo.

Tree 5 m. high. Twigs glabrous, pale grey, smooth and non-

striate, reddish-brown and slightly furfuraceous at the extreme

apex. Leaves thinly coriaceous, glabrous, lanceolate, base rounded

or acute, apex acute or acuminate; the midrib and the 15-18

pairs of nerves distinctly raised on both surfaces; length 14-29

cm.; breadth 3.5—7 cm.; petiole 8 mm.—1 cm. long. Male flowers

5—6 mm. in diam., shortly rusty-tomentose with dendroid hairs,

281

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Fig. 25. Knema uliginosa J. Sinclair.

A, twig with leaves and male flowers. B, male flower enlarged. C—D,

staminal column. E, young fruit with remains of stigmas. A-D from

Main 2098 (SING isotype). E from Anderson SAR 447 (SING).

282

Vol. XVII. (1961). °

the flower buds depressed at the apices; pedicels 5-6 mm. long

with a minute bracteole near the base of the flower; staminal disc

convex or mammillate at the apex and on a very short, 0.5 mm.

long stalk; anthers 12, obtuse, horizontal, shortly stalked or nearly

sessile, well-spaced. Fruit sub-globose or slightly obovoid, rusty-

tomentose with the remains of the stigma (8-10 lobes), 1.8 cm.

long and 1.5 cm. broad; stalk short, 4 mm. long.

BORNEO Sarawak: Loba Kabang (South) Protected Forest,

Sibu, Anderson Nos. SAR 447 (KEP,

SAR, SING) and SAR 9893 (SAR,

SING); Lubok Antu, 2nd _ Division,

Bracke 10696 (BM. L).

WEsT BorRNEO: Suka Lanting, Hallier 85 (BO); Sungei

Kenepai, Hallier Nos. 2102 (BO, L,

SING, U) and 2207 (BO, SING); Pulau

Nibung, Silimban, Kapuas, Main 2098

(A, BO, K, L, SING); Kapuas, Teijs-

mann 8679 (BO, SING).

SOUTH AND

SOUTH-EAST

BORNEO: Sampit, Buwalda Nos. 7658 (A, BO, K,

L); 7741 (BO); 7743 (BO); 7768 (BO)

7769 (BO).

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo (Sarawak, West Borneo and South

Borneo).

TYPE MATERIAL: Main 2098 (A, K holotype, L, SING).

A tree of the fresh water and peat swamp forest. The glabrous,.

greyish twigs without striations and the structure of the flowers

with the mammillate disc and’ several lobed stigmas are the out-

standing features. The other two species in this group with a

mammillate disc are K. intermedia and K. plumulosa, K. uliginosa

lacks the reticulations of the leaves so well seen in these two

Species but agrees in having the veins raised on both surfaces. In

this respect its leaves recall those of K. latericia which also has

raised veins but those of K. uliginosa are never so oblique and

curve gradually from the midrib to the margins. The fruit is

tomentose while that of K. intermedia has some stellate scurf

which rubs off easily.

(37) Knema woodii J. Sinclair, sp. nov.—Fig. 26.

In aspectu generali ramulorum, foliorum, florum, haec species

K. glomeratae et K. korthalsii similis. A priore (cui proxima)

nervis et antheris pluribus, floribus majoribus, pedicellis masculis

longioribus; ab altera nervis paucioribus, floribus tomentellis (non

tomentosis) paulo majoribus, antheris pluribus; et ab ambabus

speciebus ramulis glabris, prope apicem angulatis, infra apicem

Saepe nigritis, disco stamineo triangulari differt.

283 .

Gardens Bulletin, S.

\ "|

the 4,

ff Y /

Weg, if ff

A ih ij

Se He]

if WZ

FM Mae <

WOK SS

{

yl »

Fig. 26..Knema woodii J. Sinclair.

A, twig with male flowers. B, apical portion of twig with leaves and

male flowers. C, male flower enlarged. D—-E, staminal column. F,

ovary and stigmas. A—-E from Sinclair 9298 (SING holotype). F

from M. Jacobs 5235 (SAR).

284

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Arbor 18-28 m. alta. Cortex atro-griseus, assulas tenues

abscidens; latex copiosus. Ramuli glabri, apice angulati, nigriti,

infra teretes grisei. Folia coriacea, glabra, oblonga, marginibus

fere parallelis, supra atro-viridia, nitida, subtus glauca, apice

acuminata, basi rotundata vel acutiuscula, 20-30 cm. longa, 5-8

cm. lata; nervi 23—30-jugati, paralleli, supra inconspicui, subtus

prominentes; reticulationes utrinque indistinctae; petioli 1-2 cm.

longi, supra valde canaliculati. Flores masculi in alabastris tantum

Visi, coriacei, obtuso-trigoni, extus flavo-brunnei tomentelli, intus

atro-rubri, 5 mm. longi, 1 cm. lati; pedicelli 7 mm.—1.3 cm. longi,

medio bracteolati; discus staminalis planus, triangularis 5S

mm. latus, antheris 18-23 sessilibus coronatus; stipes 2-3 mm.

longus. Flores feminei brevius pedicellati, pedicelli 4 mm. longi;

Oovarium tomentosum; stigma disciforme, 2-lobatum; lobus

singulus iterum 5-6 lobatus. Fructus ignotus.

Tree 15-20 m. high. Bark dark grey, flaking in thin strips; sap

copious. Twigs glabrous, angled at the tips, blackish in patches, .

grey and terete lower down. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, oblong,

' the margins nearly parallel, dark green and glossy above, glaucous

beneath, apex acuminate, base rounded or somewhat acute; nerves

23-30 pairs, parallel, faint and sunk above, prominent beneath;

reticulations faint on both surfaces; length 20-30 cm.; breadth

5-8 cm.; petiole 1-2 cm. long, deeply grooved above. Male flowers

not yet open, coriaceous, obtusely trigonous, yellowish brown and

tomentulose outside, dark red inside, 5 mm. long and 1 cm. broad;

pedicels 7 mm.—1.3 cm. long with a median bracteole; staminal

disc flat, triangular, 5 mm. broad and on a 2-3 mm. long stalk;

anthers 18-23 sessile. Female flowers with shorter, 4 mm. long

pedicels; ovary rusty-tomentose; stigma disc-shaped with two main

lobes, each lobe divided again into 5-6 minute lobes. Fruit

unknown. |

BORNEO Sarawak: Left bank of Rejang River, 10 km. below

Belaga, near Belaga airfield, Segaham

Range, M. Jacobs Nos. 5235 (CANB, L,

SAR) and 5400 (CANB, L, SAR,

SING).

EAST AND

NORTH-EAST

BORNEO: Karangan River, near Batu Pondong, Sang-

kulirang, Kostermans 13694 (BO, K,

L); West Kutei, bb/6562 (A, L) and S.

Sentakan, Longbleh, bb29574 (BO, L);

Central Kutei, Pedohon River, near Ta-

bang, Kostermans 10635 (K, L, SING);

E. Kutei, Pengadan, 5bb/12968 (BO);

Inaran, Berouw, bb/2/00 (BO); Berouw,

bb18927 (A, BO, L).

285

Gardens Bulletin, S.

BRITISH NoRTH

BORNEO: 4 mile S.W. of Sub-Cpt. 9, Cpt. 7, Bombay-

Burmah T. Company Concession, Kala-

bakan, 30 mls. W.N.W. of Tawau, Wood

A3962 (K, KEP, L, SAN, SING); 15th

mile. Elopura, Sandakan, Puasa and

Enggoh Nos. 10685 (K, L) and 55168

(KEP); Cpt. 14, Sepilok F.R., Wood &

Charrington SAN 15388 (KEP, L, SAN,

SING); Cpt. 15, Sepilok F.R., Sinclair

and Kadim 9298 (A, B, BM, E, K, L,

M, SAN, SING holotype).

DISTRIBUTION: Northern and eastern part of Borneo.

TYPE MATERIAL: Sinclair and Kadim 9298 (SING holotype).

A tree of lowland forest and common in Central Kutei up to

100 m. altitude, named in honour of the late G. H. S. Wood,

Forest Botanist at Sandakan. The flowers have a faint delicate

scent (Jacobs). It is nearest to the Philippine K. glomerata, but

differs in the more numerous nerves and anthers, the larger flowers

and the longer male pedicels. It resembles to a less degree K.

Korthalsii and is more likely to be confused with the latter since

both occur in Borneo. It differs from it in the fewer nerves, the

slightly larger tomentulose (not tomentose flowers) with more

anthers and from both species in the triangular staminal disc and

in the glabrous twigs, angled at the apex, and often blackish from

just below the apex for a short distance down.

Addenda

Since this paper went to the press, a large collection of Myristi-

caceae was received for naming from the Forest Department,

Sarawak. They were collected mostly by J. A. R. Anderson and

Hsiuan Keng (University of Malaya, Singapore) on a recent trip

to Gunong Mulu, Sarawak, 4th Division during June—July 1961.

They include, however, a few other collections made by members

of the staff of the Forest Department, from various localities in

Sarawak. Among the specimens are several plants collected for

the first time in Sarawak, but occurring in other territories of

Borneo as well, and some which are new and first records for the

4th Division of Sarawak, having been previously recorded from

some of the other Sarawak divisions. The plants new to Sarawak

are also, all from the 4th Division. Further an alpine variety of

Knema cinerea with rigidly coriaceous leaves and prominent reti-

culations on the under surface of the leaves was obtained from

Gunong Mulu. It deserves some mention so I now briefly describe

it as a new variety of K. cinerea, first listing the other new records.

286

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Fuller notes will have to be given at a later date in a special

nachtrag of miscellanies in this present series of precursores for

Flora Malesiana.

A. New and first records for Sarawak, all 4th Division, Gunong

Mulu and vicinity: —

Knema curtisii var. linguiformis; K. elmeri; K. furfuracea

(Sterile and on limestone. Probably a new variety. The

tomentum on the innovations is much longer, stiffer and

erect; hairs up to 2 mm. long); K. kinabaluensis (previously

known from Mt Kinabalu only); K. latericia var. albifolia.

B. New and first records for the 4th Division of Sarawak, but pre-

viously known from some of the other divisions of Sarawak

and from some of the other territories of Borneo: —

‘Knema ashtonii and K. latifolia (both from the Lambir

Hills Forest Reserve) and K. kunstleri var. kunstleri from

Bintulu and Miri. |

C. Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb.

var. alpina J. Sinclair, var. nov.

A Knema cinerea var. sumatrana cui proxima, haec varietas

nova foliis rigide coriaceis, reticulationibus subtus laxioribus valde

prominentibus, antheris paucioribus differt. In aspectu et forma

foliorum K. kinabaluensi etiam aliquantum similis a qua nervis

paucioribus irregulariter curvatis minus obliquis, supra minus ele-

vatis, reticulationibus subtus- magis distinctis, antheris stipitatis

distinguitur. i

Arbor 5-8 m. alta. Folia rigide coriacea, anguste lanceolata,

lanceolata vel late lanceolata, 12-21 cm. longa vulgo 15 cm.,

3.5—7 cm. lata vulgo 5 cm., basi acuta, saepe rotundata, apice

acuta; nervi 12—18-jugati, vulgo 14-jugati, irregulariter curvati,

sensim ad marginem ascendentes, in sicco subtus ferruginei; reti-

culationes supra visibiles, subtus valde elevatae dense dispositae;

petioli 1-2 cm. longi, generaliter 1.5 cm. longi. Flores’ masculi

extus minute ferrugineo-tomentelli; antherae 9—10, stipitatae (flores

duos tantum dissecavi); pedicelli bracteola medio praediti. Fructus

oblongus, ferrugineo-tomentellus, 2—3.5 cm. longus, 1.5—2.5 cm.

latus, apice rotundatus vel obtuse apiculatus, secus suturam annu-

latus vel alatus vel levis (sine ala); stipes 5 mm.—1 cm. longus,

tenuiusculus, 2—3 mm. crassus.

287

Gardens Bulletin, S.

BORNEO Sarawak: Gunong Mulu, path from Melinau Paku,

Baram District, 4th Division, Anderson

SAR Nos 4233 (A, BO, K, L, SAN,

SAR, SING) 4,300 ft.; 4510 (BO, K,

L, SAN, SAR, SING) 4,800 ft.; 4514

(A, K, L, SAN, SAR, SING) 4,400 ft.;

4566 (A, BO, K, L, SAN, SAR, SING)

3,700 ft.: 4600 (A, K, L, SAN, SAR,

SING) 4,600 ft.

BRITISH

NORTH

BORNEO: Ulu Moyah, 8 miles S.S.E. of Malaman,

Sipitang, Wood SAN 16669 (KEP, L,

SAN, SING) 2,750 ft.

DISTRIBUTION: Borneo as above.

TYPE MATERIAL: Anderson SAR 4514 (A, K, L, SAN, SAR

holotype, SING).

The addition of this new variety will now bring the total tum-

bers of varieties in Knema up to 14 instead of 13 as stated at the

beginning of this paper. I have to transfer Wood SAN 16669 from

K. cinerea var. sumatrana to var. alpina. See under var. sumatrana

and also in the notes after it where I have stated that perhaps I

may have lumped too many specimens under K. cinerea var.

sumatrana, including some from Borneo with narrower leaves than

in typical: var. sumatrana. See also in the introductory part under

the heading Polymorphic and Common Species words to the same

effect.

D. Finally, the rare Knema rufa was collected again in the Ist

Division, in male flower, and the flowers were found to be

red inside: —

Gunong Santubong (East) Haji Bujang SAR 13146.

288

INDEX

New species, new varieties and new combinations in bold-faced type, syno-

nyms in italics.

G conferta (King) Warb., 194, 208,

280.

a Gymnacranthera var. borneensis Warb., 194, 195,

| cryptocaryoides Elmer, 236. 238, 242.

| stenophylla Warb., 276. var. scortechinii (King) Warb.,

| 276.

| K var. tonkinensis Warb., 195, 249.

| coriacea Warb., 236.

_ Knema

| corticosa Lour., 180, 214.

acuminata Merr., 219, 225. ;

: var. tonkinensis Warb., 214.

ji Mierr.,.,277. ie ;

in abi «3 curtisil (King) Warb., 196, 248.

angustifolia (Roxb.) Waro., 174,

208. var. amoena J. Sinclair, 198.

ashtonii J. Sinclair, 162, 287. var. arenosa J. Sinclair, 198.

attenuata (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb., 166. var. curtisii, 196, 264.

| var. latifrons Warb., 166, 169. var. Ls apiaadaect J. Sinclair, 200,

| 7.

badia Merr. nom. nud., 238.

bicolor Raf., 214.

| cantleyi (Hk. f.) Warb.=K.

| plumulosa J. Sinclair, 272.

cenabre Merr. et Quisumb., 232.

var. paludosa J. Sinclair, 201.

‘ elegans Pierre ex Warb., 249.

elmeri Merr., 202, 287.

elongata Warb. nom. nud., 238.

erratica (Hk. f. et Th.)

cinerea (Poir.) Warb., 169. J. Sinclair, 181, 195, 205.

var. alpina J. Sinclair, 287. furfuracea (Hk. f. et Th.)

var. andamanica (Warb.) Warb, 209, 213, 214, 227, 244,

J. Sinclair, 174, 208. 24 287.

Var. cinerea, 170. galeata J. Sinclair, 211.

var. cordata (J. Sinclair) geminata (Miq.) Warb., 186, 193.

J. Sinclair, 181. gitingensis Elmer, 219.

var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) glauca (Bl.) Warb., 186, 226.

J. Sinclair, 182, 261.

f. patentinervia, 182, 276.

f. longipedicellata

J. Sinclair, 182.

var. rubens (J. Sinclair) 193

J. Sinclair, 185, 242. ;

var. sumatrana (Mig.) J. Sinclair, var. typica Warb., 186.

185, 229, :232, 276. glaucescens Jack, 186.

communis J. Sinclair, 193, 242, 266. var. cordata J. Sinclair, 165, 181.

var. andamanica Warb., 174.

var. bancana Warb., 277, 281.

var. nicobarica Warb., 174, 249.

var. sumatrana (Miq.) Warb., 186,

289

var. glaucescens, 186.

var. patentinervia J. Sinclair, 182.

forma rubens J. Sinclair, 185.

globularia (Lamk) Warb., 169, 180,

208, 214, 255.

glomerata (Blanco) Merr., 219, 236,

286.

heterophylla (F.-Vill.) Warb., 219.

var. pubescens Warb., 219.

hookeriana (Hk. f. et Th.) Warb.,

214, 226.

insularis Merr., 232.

intermedia (Bl.) Warb., 227, 274,

283.

var. dubia Warb., 229.

kinabaluensis J. Sinclair, 229, 287.

korthalsii Warb., 226, 232, 286.

kunstleri (King) Warb., 236.

var. kunstleri, 236, 287.

var. surigaoensis J. Sinclair, 238.

latericia Elmer, 205, 238, 271, 283.

var. albifolia J. Sinclair, 242, 243,

287.

var. latericia, 240, 261.

var. lunduensis J. Sinclair, 244.

261.

latifolia Warb., 244, 287.

laurina (Bl.) Warb., 179, 195, 208,

248.

amboinensis Warb., 248, 281.

bancana Warb., 248, 281.

(Mig.) Warb.,

Var.

var.

borneensis

248, 276.

var. malayana Warb., 248.

var. minahassae Warb., 277.

lenta Pierre ex Warb., 174, 179.

linifolia (Roxb.) Warb., 208, 256.

var. clarkeana (King) Warb., 256.

malayana Warb., 179, 194, 260, 276.

mandaharan (Miq.) Warb., 214, 261.

membranifolia Hubert Winkler, 262.

meridionalis J. Sinclair, 238.

iab ear (od (Warb.) Merr., 232,

var.

290

Gardens Bulletin, §.

missionis (King) Warb., 214.

muscosa J. Sinclair, 264, 280.

neglecta Warb. nom. nud., 168.

nitida Merr., 244.

oblongata Merr., 248, 249.

oblongifolia (King) Warb., 165, 266.

var. monticola (King) Warb., 266.

var. oblongifolia, 266.

obovoidea Merr., 249.

palembanica (Migq.) Warb., 186.

parvifolia Merr., 236, 238.

pectinata Warb., 266.

peltata (Roxb.) Warb., 169.

percoriacea J. Sinclair, 268.

petelotii Metr., 214.

pierrei Warb., 209, 211.

plumulosa J. Sinclair, 209, 229, 272,

283.

pulchra (Mig.) Warb., 181.

retusa (King) Warb., 165, 214. 272.

rigidifolia J. Sinclair, 232, 274.

rufa Warb., 274, 288.

scortechinii (King)

J. Sinclair, 194, 276, 280.

siamensis Warb., 205, 208.

sphaerula (Hk. f.) Airy Shaw, 214.

stellata Merr., 277.

stenocarpa Warb., 219.

stenophylla (Warb.)

J. Sinclair, 266, 276.

tomentella (Miq.) Warb., 266, 277.

tridactyla Airy Shaw, 249, 255.

uliginosa J. Sinclair, 281.

umbellata Warb., 244.

vidalii Warb., 219, 225.

wangii H.H.Hu, nom. nud., 208,

214.

winkleri Merr., 244.

woodii J. Sinclair, 283.

wrayi (King) Warb., 186.

yunnanensis H.H.Hu, nom. nud.,

205, 208.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

Myristica

amygdalina J. Grah. non Wall., 166.

174.

sensu

angustifolia Roxb.,

angustifolia Roxb.

Kanjilal, 205.

attenuata Hk. f. et Th., 166.

attenuata Wall. Cat. 679, nom. nud.,

caesia Zippel. ex Spanoghe, nom.

nud., 169.

cantleyi Hk. f., 248.

cantleyi Hk. f. sensu King et

Auct.=K. plumulosa J.

Sinclair, . 272.

var. glabrior Ridley, nom. nud.,

266.

chereevensis Pierre msc. nom. nud.,

215

cinerea Poir., 169.

cinerea Poir. sensu A. Gray, 232.

clarkeana King, 256.

conferta King, 194.

var. borneensis (Warb.) Boerl,

nom. alt., 2

coriacea (Warb.) Boerl. nom. allt.,

corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th., 174,

179, 180, 185, 214.

corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu

Beddome, 166.

corticosa (Lour.) Hk. f. et Th. sensu

F.-Vill., 219.

amplifolia Miq., 277.

borneensis Miq., 232.

var.

var. ceramensis Miq., 277.

decipiens Miq., 227.

lanceolata Miq., 185.

sumatrana (Bl.) Miq., 185.

tomentella Miq., 277.

curtisii King, 196.

var.

Var.

dongnaiensis Pierre msc. nom. nud.,

elegans Pierre msc., 249.

erratica Hk. f. et Th., 205.

291

furfuracea Hk. f. et Th., 209.

furfuracea Hk. f. et Th.

A.DC., 209.

var. major King, 209.

furfurascens Gandoger, 248.

geminata Miq., 186.

gibbosa Hk. f. et Th.,

glabra de Vriese, 227.

185.

glauca Bl. sensu Zoll.,

var.

sensu

174, 179.

glauca BI.,

9.57

bancana (Warb.) Boerl. nom.

alt.,. 277:

sumatrana (Bl.) Miq., 185.

sumatrana (Miq.) Boerl. nom.

ait. 185,193.

sumatrana (Warb.) Boerl.

nom. alt., 193.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th.,

174, 182, 185, 260.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th.

sensu Ceron, 219.

glaucescens (Jack) Hk. f. et Th.

sensu Kanjilal, 205.

glaucescens Wall. Cat. 6790, 215.

glaucescens Wall. Cat. 6810, 326.

globularia Lamk, 214.

glomerata (Blanco) Kudo et Masa-

mune, 226.

heterophylla F.-Villar, 219.

hookeriana Hk. f. et Th., 226.

hookeriana Wall. Cat. 6802A, 226.

iners Bl. sensu Vidal, 219.

intermedia Bl., 227.

var. minor Miq., 186, 229.

iteophylla Miq., 227.

Korthalsii (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

m2.

kunstleri King, 236.

lanceolata Korthals, nom. nud., 198.

lanceolata Wall. Cat. 6794. nom.

var.

Var.

nud., 214.

laurina Bl., 248.

laurina Bl. sensu Vidal, 219.

var. amboinensis (Warb.) Boerl.

nom. alt., 2

var. bancana (Warb.) Boerl. nom.

alt., 248.

var. borneensis Migq., 248.

var. longifolia Miq., 248.

var. malayana (Warb.) Boerl.

nom. alt., 248.

var. minahassae (Warb.) Boerl.

nom. alt., 277.

lJenta Pierre msc. nom. nud., 174.

linifolia Roxb., 256.

longifolia Wall. ex BIl., 256.

longifolia Wall. Cat. 6801, nom.

nud., 256, 259.

longifolia Wall. ex Bl. sensu Hk.

f. et Th., 209.

longifolia Wall. ex BI.

var. erratica (Hk. f. et Th.) Hk.

f.'et Th., 205:

malayana (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

260.

mandaharan Miq., 261.

microcarpa Willd., 173, 174.

mindanaensis Warb., 232.

missionis King, 215.

missionis Wall. Cat. 6788 nom nud.,

218

oblongifolia King, 266.

292

Gardens Bulletin, S.

var. monticola King, 266.

var. oblongifolia, 266.

palembanica Mig., 186.

pectinata (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

266.

peltata Roxb., 169.

pulchra Migq., 181.

retusa King, 272.

ridleyi Gandoger, 238.

rufa (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt., 274.

scortechinii King, 276.

sphaerula Hk. f., 215.

NR (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

stenophylla (Warb.) Boerl. nom.

alt., 276

sumatrana Bl., 185.

tingens Bl., 174.

wu 5 (Miq.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

tomentosa Thunb. sensu Bl., 248.

travancorica Bedd. nom. nud., 168.

umbellata (Warb.) Boerl. nom. alt.,

uviformis Lamk, 173, 174.

wrayi King, 186.

Vol. XVII. (1961).

saul] usyoiqun Aq pesojsue koIe == “aepuig (‘bIN) VuDavUns

soul] poyop Aq pesojoue vole = ITe[OUIg (arepauIg) Suaqnd

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4+ = Jiepulg (4repoulg) vpp409

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‘I@A

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293

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Gardens Bulletin, S.

294

Vol. XVII. (1961).

+ = mepoulg ‘¢ vsopnjpd “rea

= VOUS “f Si4ofindul] “IVA

e = JIROUIg ‘f VsOUaID “TRA

V = mepoulg ‘¢ vuaowpy “IBA

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Soul] UsyOIqun Aq PasofoUS SIvA S}t [TR PUB “QIeA (Bury) Wsyano puwauy *¢ dey

Ni qieKs

295

Gardens Bulletin, S.

"LION Mauja vuauy

‘9 dew

» 296

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

‘qieM (UL 1° J XH) paopanfin{ nweuy *L dew

Gardens Bulletin, S.

‘qieAy (YW) vIUvjngojs vuwauy °8 dew

Vol. XVII. (1961).

‘HOW (OoURTG) VIpAaWIO]s DUAUY °6 dew

299

Gardens Bulletin, S.

—

O = "QleA (‘GxOY) Mofiut] vwauy

+ = MNepuig ¢ yvapv3 vwauy

‘PM CUL 19 "J YH) Puviuayooy vuwauy ‘y, dew

300

Vol. XVII. (1961).

‘qieM (Iq) vipausajul vwavy ‘{{ dew

Gardens Bulletin, S

‘O€ = AlepUIg “f vsouIsyN DUaUY '7%E = “qivA, P{n4 DUWaUY ‘67 = ATEpUIg ‘f

vsojniunjd vuauy EZ = ‘qiVeA (‘bIL) Undvyopuvu DWaUy tp, = ‘qieA (‘[@) Yipauisajul DUaUy

Z dnois jo uonnqiysig ‘z{ dep

302

Vol. XVII. (1961).

‘QIeAA 1sjDYIMOY vDiuauy ‘¢] deW

303

oe)

= JIBJOUIG *f¢ SsIsuaODB1uns “TRA

e = Majisuny “IRA

qieM (Bury) Mapysuny viuauy ‘pl dep

304

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

+ = IHe[SUIg *f sisuanpunj

S¥aIB IR[NIID ¢€ = JIe[OUIG “f¢ Dg]D

°¢ = 0191310]

IOWA 21914910]

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“IVA

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DuUaUuy “Ss, dep

305

Gardens Bulletin, S.

‘QIeM YIOfI1y] Diuauy ‘g| dep

0018

306:

Vol. XVII. (1961).

qieM (1a) 2MlinD) vuaUuy *LI dew

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

LIST OF COLLECTORS’ NUMBERS.

ACHMAD—63 laurina: 93 curtisii var. curtisii; 198 & 206 cinerea

var. sumatrana; 643 laurina; 647 & 685 cinerea var. suma-

trana; 790 curtisii var. Curtisii; 840 cinerea var. sumatrana;

927 curtisii var. curtisii: 1139 & 1143 cinerea var. sumatrana;

1152 curtisii var. curtisii; 1176 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1195

laurina: 1459 cinerea. var. sumatrana; 1492 curtisii var. cur-

tisii; 1576 & 1579 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1803 curtisij var.

~ curtisii; 1808 laurina.

ACUNA—23377 korthalsii.

ADDURU—243 glomerata.

AGAMA—411 latericia var. latericia; 419 elmeri: 542 & 556

latericia var. latericia: 1003 laurina; 3990 curtisii var. lingui-

formis; 21605 korthalsii; 21612 latericia var. latericia.

AGUILAR—14301 & 24533 glomerata.

AHERN—393 & 589 korthalsii.

AHERN’S COLLECTOR—3192 glomerata.

ALAMBRA—23451 glomerata.

ALCASID & CELESTINO—7499 glomerata.

ALLEN—625 cinerea var. Sumatrana but latericia var. latericia is

also mounted on the A Sheet; 628 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ALSTON—16205 cinerea var. cinerea; 16910 tomentella.

ALVAREZ—21444 glomerata: 22395 & 22397 tomentella: 22641

kunstleri var. kunstleri. i

AMDJAH—141 curtisii var. curtisii; 144 curtisii var. linguiformis;

170 ashtonii; 171 cinerea var. Sumatrana; 191 latericia var.

latericia; 204 curtisii var. curtisii: 309 cinerea var. cordata;

_, 343 cinerea var. sumatrana: 440 korthalsii; 696 cinerea var.

"" cordata; 934 & 941 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ANANG—542 tomentella.

ANDERSON, J. A. R.—SAR Nos. 412 intermedia; 447 uliginosa:

2047 furfuracea; 2135: 2638; 2853 & 3178 kunstleri var. kun-

stleri; 3184 & 3185 intermedia; 4855 galeata; 4946 latericia

var. latericia; 5551 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 7062 galeata;

7931 intermedia; 8518 & 9019 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 9039

& 9055 intermedia: 9893 uliginosa.

ANDERSON, T.—10 hookeriana. ow

ANONUEVO—13563. glomerata; 13735 korthalsii. |

A POSTAL—2395 korthalsii.

309

Gardens Bulletin, S.

ARIZABAL—30500 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

ArRSAT—1065 latericia var. latericia.

ASHTON—BRUN Nos. 157 latifolia; 588 cinerea var. sumatrana;

865 elmeri; 945 galeata; 5164 percoriacea; 5202 ashtonii;

5270 percoriacea; 5587 curtisii var. curtisii.

ASHTON, SMYTHIES & Woop—SAR No. 5847 kunstleri var. kun-

stleri. SAN Nos. 17080 percoriacea; 17085 laurina: 17111

furfuracea; 17127 membranifolia; 17386 & 17387 ashtonii;

17401 cinerea var. sumatrana; 17402 furfuracea; 17428 kun-

stleri var. kunstleri; 17504 furfuracea.

ASHTON & WHITMORE—BRUN Nos. 636 galeata; 686 kunstler:

var. kunstleri.

ATASRIP—62 & 89 tomentella.

ATJE—368 cinerea var. cinerea.

Ba Pe, (MAUNG)—842; 845 & 11678 linifolia; 12909 cinerea var.

andamanica.

BACKER—8835 & 10022 laurina; 11788; 11954 & 18330 cinerea

var. sumatrana; 18581 laurina: 18687 cinerea var. sumatrana;

23135 & 23197 laurina; 25964 cinerea var. sumatrana; 26257

laurina; 29964 & 30629 cinerea var. sumatrana; 31193 laurina.

BAKER—220 cinerea var. andamanica; 3309 glomerata; 5641 &

5644 globularia.

BAKHUIZEN v.d. BRINK—438 cinerea var. sumatrana; 613 & 896

laurina; 3001; 3794 & 3796 cinerea var. sumatrana: 4178 &

4208 laurina: 5064 intermedia; 5214 & 5287 laurina; 6141

& 6381 intermedia; 7793 laurina.

BALAJADIA—4054 laurina.

BaLANSA—1012 globularia; 4175 & 4176 laurina; 4196 & 4198

globularia; 4199 laurina.

BALLESTEROS—9474 glomerata.

BaNtaGa—33399 glomerata.

BaNGcHaM, W. N. & C. M.—652 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BaRBER—2940; 2953; 3121 & 5671 attenuata.

BaRNES—500 glomerata.

BARNTON—S515 kinabaluensis.

BARTLETT—7329 intermedia; 13476 glomerata.

BAwAN—24613 glomerata

310

Vol. XVI. (1961).

bb Nos.—1200 conferta; 2329 tomentella; 3770 curtisii var.

paludosa; 5429 & 5430 cinerea var. cinerea; 6214 mandaharan;

6578 cinerea var. sumatrana;: 6823 & 7200 mandaharan;

7290 cinerea var. sumatrana; 7430 mandaharan; 8319 perco-

riacea; 8634 mandaharan; 8846 cinerea var. sumatrana; 9160

laurina; 9186 cinerea var. rubens; 9366 furfuracea; 9369 con-

ferta; 10130 tomentella and G. paniculata var. zippeliana;

10335 scortechinit; 10570 conferta; 10756 elmeri; 12100

woodii; 12270 mandaharan; 12744 korthalsii; 12968 woodii:

13019 galeata; 13107 conferta; 13727 laurina; 14356 cinerea

var. cinerea; 14646 curtisii var. arenosa; 14871 & 14872 lateri-

cia var. albifolia; 15087 tomentella; 15562 mandaharan:

16406 conferta; 16562 woodii; 16738 conferta; 17178 tomen-

tella; 17487 & 18174 curtisii var. arenosa: 18927 woodii;

19392 & 20376 conferta; 22410 mandaharan; 23801 tomen-

tella; 24279 & 24426 cinerea var. cinerea; 24649 menbrani-

folia; 26185 percoriacea; 26188 conferta; 26354 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 26984; 27497; 27591; 29300; 29340; 29356 &

29518 conferta; 29574 woodii; 34455; 34467 & 34469 per-

coriacea; 34623 curtisii var. arenosa.

BeEccaRI—532 cinerea var. sumatrana; 632 laurina; 670 kunstleri

var. kunstleri; 901 intermedia; 1094 cinerea var. sumatrana;

1396 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 1546

laurina; 1594 latericia var. albifolia; 1607 pectinata; 1609

cinerea var. rubens; 1618 latericia var. albifolia; 1709 cinerea

var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 1798 rufa; 1815 com-

munis; 1824 latifolia: 1960 communis; 1991bis latifolia; 2003

latericia var. latericia; 2482 cinerea var. rubens:; 2523 latericia

var. latericia; 5618 cinerea var. sumatrana; 7760; 7761 & 7762

intermedia; 7770; 7771 & 7772 tomentella; 7778; 7778a; 7779;

7780—632; 7781; 778la; 7782 & 7782a laurina; 7788 &

7788a cinerea var. sumatrana; 7789 & 7789a tomentella;

7792 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BECKING—S50 conferta: 54 & 145 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BEDDOME—101 globularia; 103; 215 & 222 attenuata: 6728

globularia.

BEJAUD—344 & 665 globularia.

BELEN—23328 korthalsii.

BERNARDO—24271 glomerata.

BEUMEE—574 cinerea var. sumatrana; 863 curtisii var. curtisii;

3687: 3881 & 6079 cinerea var. sumatrana.

BIJHOUWER—268 laurina.

311

Gardens Bulletin, S.

BiswaS—2064: 3766 & 4987 linifolia.

BLUME—{24); (54) & 1629 laurina.

BOEJENG b. SiTAM—SAR 9302 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

Bon—307; 1435; 1540; 1643; 3182; 3363: 4142; 4210; 4332; 5102

& 6106 globularia.

Boot—33lla cinerea var. sumatrana.

Bor—8780: 9387; 9391; 11180 & 11554 attenuata: 17838 & 18387

erratica.

BorJA—28139 glomerata.

BORDEN—625; 1180; 1372; 1655; 1663; 2556; 2723; 2940 & UC

accession Nos. 239236 & 239547 glomerata.

BOURDILLON—431; 432: & 505 attenuata.

BRANDIS—392; 409 & 692 cinerea var. andamanica.

BRINKMAN—655 cinerea var. sumatrana; 670 laurina.

BROOKE—10696 uliginosa.

BRUINIER—209; 240 & 274 intermedia.

BRUNIG—SAR 1177 galeata.

BukAH—A3433 latericia var. albifolia.

BUNNEMEIJER—2036 cinerea var. patentinervia.

BurRKILL, I. H.—37607 linifolia.

BUURMAN V. VREEDEN, W.—136 & 137 cinerea var. patentinervia.

BUWALDA—207 cinerea var. cinerea; 3583 & 3625 cinerea var.

sumatrana:;: 3804; 4158 & 4801 cinerea var. cinerea; 6448

‘cinerea var. sumatrana: 6736; 6782 & 6968 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 7658: 7741: 7743: ce & 7769 uliginosa; 7820

intermedia; 7937 korthalsii:

CCALDER—1460 attenuata.

CaLDER & RaMASwaMI, M. S.—403 & 1588 attenuata.

Canicosa—9719 glomerata.

CaSTILLO—646 cinerea var. sumatrana.

CasTRO—4503 latericia var. latericia; 7275 curtisii var. lingui-

formis.

CASTRO & MELEGRITO—1451 cinerea var. sumatrana.

CBE Nos.—CEL I/2 cinerea var. cinerea; CEL II/ 318 & CEL

“ TII/112 tomentella.

CrLestino & J. Ramos—23002 gf as 23062 latericia var.

latericia. |

312

Vol. XVII. (1961).

CENABRE—29232; 29973 & 30099 korthalsii.

CHEVALIER—36744 & 36762 furfuracea; 36875; 37054; 38283;

38438; 38566 & 39179 globularia:

CHIN—252 cinerea var. andamanica.

Cuit—354;'396 & 831 globularia.

CLARK—1086 glomerata.

CLARKE—36267; 40679e & 42324a linifolia; 42348 & 42361

erratica; 43779 cinerea var. andamanica.

CLEMENS—964 & 1111 glomerata; 3467 laurina; 3864 globularia;

4191 cinerea var. andamanica; 4377 globularia; 8354; 10334

~& 10342 kinabaluensis; 20016 cinerea var. patentinervia f.

longipedicellata; 20086 latericia var. latericia; 20345 cinerea

var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 20346 latericia var.

latericia; 21206 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata;,

21207 & 21208 curtisii var. curtisii; 21209 percoriacea; 21599

muscosa; 21600 & 22119 cinerea var. sumatrana; 22120 mus-

cosa; 22291 curtisii var. paludosa; 22539 latericia var. lateri-

cia; 26697 & 26697a kinabaluensis; 28325 latericia var. lateri-

cia; 28354 kinabaluensis; 28766 cinerea var. sumatrana; 29358;

29358bis; 29515; 30283 & 30321 kinabaluensis; 30505 &

30888 cinerea var. sumatrana; 31406 & 31608 kinabaluensis;

— 32027; 32156 & 32202 cinerea var. sumatrana; 32498 kinaba-

luensis; 32852 cinerea var. sumatrana; 33032; 33038; 34094;.

34292 & 40545 kinabaluensis; 42885 korthalsii; 50012 kinaba-

~~ luensis; 50432 curtisii var. linguiformis; 50433 latericia var..

latericia. |

CoLLETT—70 cinerea var. andamanica; 98 linifolia.

Cottins—583 & 817 globularia; 857 erratica; 1775 globularia;

1939 erratica; 1941 globularia.

CONKLIN—17441 & 37576 glomerata.

COoRNER—S.F.N. 26155 curtisii var. paludosa.

CowaN—2 linifolia; 1460 cinerea var. andamanica.

CuaDRA—A1110 & A2407 laurina.

CuBIT—619 cinerea var. andamanica.

CuMING—844; 1042 & 1309 glomerata; 2315 globularia.

CURRAN—5996; 10436 & 10477 glomerata; 10573 kunstleri var:

kunstleri; 17317 & 17462 glomerata.

Dakus—205 laurina.

313

Gardens Bulletin, S.

Daup & TACHUN—S.F. Nos. 35627 cinerea var. patentinervia f.

longipedicellata; 35739 curtisii var. curtisii; 36081 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 36113 membranifolia.

DENT—94 linifolia; 95 cinerea var. andamanica.

DiIcKASON—5394; 5394a; 5542; 5585; 5679; 5828 & 6689 cinerea

var. andamanica; 6813 globularia.

Din—204 linifolia; 316 globularia.

Dorst—TIP 751 curtisii var. paludosa.

DumMaAs—1617 conferta.

EpANo—3241 glomerata; 14233 latericia var. latericia; 45971

glomerata; 77780 & 77789 korthalsii; 78242; 79484; 79136 &

79374 glomerata.

ELBERT—1950; 3396 & 3812 cinerea var. cinerea.

ELGINCOLIN & RANARIO—27765 glomerata.

ELi1as—SAR 8030 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

ELMER—6156; 8228; 8957; 10132; 10960; 10990; 11935 & 12200

glomerata; 12262 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 12757 latericia var.

latericia; 14040 korthalsii; 16229; 16616 & 17565 glomerata:;

20809 latericia var. latericia; 20895 latericia var. albifolia;

21017 laurina; 21040 latericia var. albifolia; 21042 elmeri;

21409 & 21410 latericia var. albifolia; 21527 elmeri.

ENcHAI & ENGGOH—9394 latericia var. latericia; 10377 latifolia:

44569 latericia var. latericia; 49151 latifolia.

ENDERT—59 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2281 laurina; 2434 latericia

var. albifolia; 2436 laurina; 2557 cinerea var. sumatrana;

2586 curtisii var. curtisii; 2713 latifolia; 2721 cinerea var.

cordata; 2822 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3018 curtisii var. cur-

tisii; 3046 cinerea var. cordata; 3062 curtisii var. curtisii;

3141 cinerea var. cordata; 3158 latifolia: 3178 & 3342 latericia

var. latericia; 3559 curtisii var. linguiformis; 4775 ashtonii;

4824 galeata; 4846 & 4889 latifolia; 4932 laurina: 5063 con-

ferta; 5113 latericia var. albifolia; 189E1P905 malayana.

ENGGOH—7250 latericia var. latericia; 10466 curtisii var. lingui-

formis.

EsBEN—34287 glomerata.

Espinosa—6418 glomerata.

EVANGILISTA—878 latericia var. latericia; 949 laurina: 1109 cinerea

var. sumatrana.

FaprA—A4003 latericia var. latericia.

314

Vol. XVII, (1961).

FAIRCHILD—1046 curtisii var. curtisii.

FALCONER—207 & 210 cinerea var. andamanica; 546 linifolia-.

FENIx—4049; 28026 & 28277 glomerata.

FISCHER—4545 attenuata.

FLEuRY—30009; 30114: 30145; 38000 & 39348 globularia.

ForRBES—295 laurina; 486 cinerea var. sumatrana; 542a interme-

dia; 545a laurina; 592 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1306 & 1409

laurina; 2466 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2573 intermedia; 2606

cinerea var. sumatrana; 2683 laurina; 2694 furfuracea; 2718

& 2916 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2997 latifolia; 3141 cinerea

var. sumatrana; 3188 latifolia; 3193 curtisii var. curtisil.

FOREST DEPARTMENT NORTH BoRNEO—F.D. 49116 korthalsii.

FORESTRY STUDENT—34126 glomerata.

FoxwortTHy—1590 glomerata.

FRAKE—38112 & 38259 glomerata.

FRANCK—473 glomerata.

DE FRETES—S5745 tomentella.

GaGE—114 erratica; 123 cinerea var. andamanica; 152 linifolia.

GALLATLY—837 & 898 cinerea var. andamanica.

GAMBLE—483b, d & g linifolia; 2306a; 2307a; 2308a & 6759a

cinerea var. andamanica; 676la & c linifolia: 6768a cinerea

var. andamanica: 7940 & 7941 linifolia.

GiBpBs—2803 korthalsii.

GOKLIN—F.D. 3022 cinerea’ var. sumatrana.

GOODENOUGH—3376 curtisii var. paludosa.

GRASHOFF—101 conferta; 737 cinerea var. patentinervia: 1019

cinerea var. cordata; 1148 laurina.

GRIFFITH—282 linifolia: 692 globularia; 4342 hookeriana: 4343

malayana; 4344 globularia; 4345 conferta & linifolia; 4346

furfuracea; 4347 erratica; 4348 cinerea var. andamanica: 4349

cinerea var. sumatrana: 4359 intermedia.

GUERRERO—30364 glomerata.

GUTIERREZ—3487 tomentella.

HaInes—443 linifolia.

HALLIER—8 cinerea var. sumatrana; 85 uliginosa; 323 two separate

collections, cinerea var. sumatrana and laurina: 766 & 1084

laurina; 1125 & 1192 cinerea var. sumatrana: 2102 & 2207

uliginosa; 2766 korthalsii; 2994 & 3013 cinerea var. cordata;

3358 curtisii var. curtisii.

Gardens Bulletin, S.

HaniFF—376 globularia.

HaniFF & Nur—S.F.N. 2061 linifolia.

HARMAND—602; 771 & 937 globularia.

HAVILAND—526/295 korthalsii; 634 laurina; 1036 (Garai) cinerea

var. Sumatrana; 1440/1086 & 1967 intermedia; 2254/1761

kunstleri var. kunstleri; 3307 latericia var. latericia.

Hayata—376 globularia.

H.B.=(Herb. Bogor, generally Teijsmann & less frequently Die-

penhorst)—478 intermedia; 1754 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3056

laurina; 3057 & 3060 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3091 mandaha-

- ran; 3484 latericia var. latericia; 3550 & 3735 cinerea var.

Sumatrana.

HEINIG—218 cinerea var. andamanica. _

HHENDERSON—S.F. Nos. 20250 & 20372 furfuracea.

Henry—11780; 11780a & 11780b erratica.

HERB. HEYNEANUM—6423a attenuata.

HILDEBRAND—8 laurina.

HoOFFMANN—6541 & 6609 cinerea var. sumatrana.

HoLMAN—81 glomerata.

HOOKER Fit. & THOMSON—126; 128: 566 & 1038 linifolia: 1040

erratica; 1082 cinerea var. andamanica.

HorsFIELD—1bis laurina.

Hort. Boc. Cultivated—IVG 83 & IVG 93 cinerea var. suma-

trana: HG 85 intermedia.

HUuLLETT—793 laurina.

_ HuLSTIIN—368 cinerea var. cinerea.

HuTCHINSON—108; 3961 & 3985 korthalsii; 6110 & 7560 glome-

rata. ,

IBoET—159 furfuracea; 164 cinerea var. sumatrana; 178 laurina:

400 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ILAGAN—35487 glomerata.

Ja Nos.—1502; 1547; 1790; 2036 & 2448 cinerea var. sumatrana;

2502 laurina; 2505; 2533; 2919; 6171: 6192: 6202: 6574: 6610:

6611; 6615; 6676; 6688 & 6786 cinerea var. sumatrana;

6886 intermedia. |

Jacoss, M.—5030 cinerea var. cordata; 5081 cinerea var. suma-

trana; 5100 cinerea var. cordata; 5112 pectinata; 5223 curtisii

var. curtisii; 5235 woodii; 5355; 5356 & 5393 latericia var.

albifolia; 5400 woodii. | |

316

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

JAGARMANI—495 linifolia.

JAHERI—129 cinerea var. sumatrana; 354 curtisii var. curtisii; 611

ashtonii; 619 cinerea var. sumatrana: 740 latifolia; 914 lateri-

cia var. latericia; 927 latericia var. albifolia; 984 latifolia;

1133 & 1755 cinerea var. sumatrana.

JIMENEZ—27048 korthalsii.

JUNGHUHN—(15) cinerea var. sumatrana; (56) & (57) laurina; 558

cinerea var. sumatrana: 560 laurina; 561 cinerea var. suma-

trana: 716 laurina.

KapIM b. TAassIM-——287 curtisii var. paludosa.

Kapir & ENGGOH—10342 korthalsii.

KaHAR—10219 latifolia.

KAMPH#VENER—2804 glomerata.

KANEHIRA—2511 korthalsil.

KANJILAL, U.—1893 & 4050 erratica; 4705 linifolia; 6275 erratica:

4804 attenuata.

Kapis b. SISIRON & WonGc, MICHAEL—SAN 17260 laurina.

KEITH—9284 & 44481 latericia var. latericia.

Kep. F. Nos.—68774 hookeriana; 80695 kunstleri var. kunstleri-

KERR—2120 laurina; 2518 furfuracea; 3122; 5159; 5470 & 5547

cinerea var. andamanica; 5621 furfuracea; 5842 globularia;

6446 & 6447 cinerea var..andamanica; 6863 globularia; 8168:

8193 & 8311 globularia; 9383 erratica; 9430 & 9553 globuia-

ria; 9849 & 10423 laurina; 11169 & 11650 globularia; 11663

cinerea var. andamanica; 12524; 12699; 12786 & 13852 glo-

bularia: 13990 laurina; 14080; 14735 & 15127 globularia:

15156 laurina; 15309 cinerea var. sumatrana: 16016 globu-

laria: 16326 laurina; 16599 & 16686 globularia; 16818 laurina;

17078 cinerea var. sumatrana; 17607 erratica: 17671: 18556

~ & 18906 globularia.

KHAN, M.S.A.—41 attenuata. }

KrAH—S.F. Nos. 37123 & 37148 curtisii var. paludosa.

KiInG—97; 125; 412 & 496 linifolia; 536 cinerea var. andamanica:

605 & 2346 linifolia: 2439 erratica; 5084 linifolia.

KirRAT RAM—3658 cinerea var. andamanica.

KJELLBERG—621 tomentella; 1131 cinerea var. cinerea: 1608: 1807:

2006 & 2494 tomentella.

317

Gardens Bulletin, S.

KLEMME—2090 also numbered 7058 glomerata; 11266 glomerata

(acuminata) not seen; 13417 glomerata.

Koss, C. BoDEN—6936 laurina; S.F. Nos. 13092 laurina; 14496

& 14569 cinerea var. sumatrana: 19002 laurina; 19066 fur-

furacea; 19186 latifolia.

KoorpDERS—3491 & 3492 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5238; 5239;

5240 & 5242 intermedia; 5243; 5244; 5245 & 5247 cinerea

var. sumatrana; 5248 intermedia; 5250 & 5251 laurina; 5253;

5254; 5255 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5256 laurina; 5257; 5258

& 5259 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5260 laurina; 5262 intermedia;

5263 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5267 intermedia; 5269 &

5273 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5274 & 5275 laurina; 5276

cinerea var. sumatrana; 5277 laurina; 5278 & 5279 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 5280 laurina; 5281; 5282; 5283; 5285; 5286; 5287:

5288; 5289; 5290; 5291; 3292; 529335295; 3298, deo ities

cinerea var. sumatrana; 10385 cinerea var. cordata; 10531

cinerea var. sumatrana; 10532 globularia; 11197 laurina;

11790 intermedia; 11791 cinerea var. sumatrana; 11793 inter-

media; 11794; 12046; 12048; 12174; 12183 & 12212 cinerea

var. sumatrana; 12277 & 12294 intermedia; 12399; 12404;

12423; 13084; 13147; 13148; 13257; 13270; 13335; 13561;

14258; 14616; 14617; 14618; 14619 & 15670 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 15522 intermedia; 15670 cinerea var. suma-

trana; 17498 & 18130 cinerea var. cinerea; 18132 tomentella;

18134; 18135 & 18140 cinerea var. cinerea; 18152; 18167

& 18169 tomentella; 20084; 20286; 21051: 21607; 21634;

21907; 21913; 22777; 22838; 23513 & 23943 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 24031 laurina; 24289; 24291; 24686, 25620;

25635; 25732 & 25779 cinerea var. sumatrana; 26924 & 26936

laurina; 26938 & 26940 cinerea var. sumatrana; 26942 laurina;

27158; 27184; 27481; 28613; 29021 & 30294 cinerea var. su-

matrana; 30470 intermedia; 30472 cinerea var. sumatrana

31018 laurina; 32291 & 32714 cinerea var. sumatrana; 33063

intermedia; 33082 cinerea var. sumatrana; 33122 intermedia;

33419 & 33441 laurina; 33572; 33609; 33866 & 33889 cinerea

var. sumatrana; 33939 & 37501 laurina; 38902 & 39343 cine-

rea var. sumatrana; 40511 laurina; 42238 cinerea var. sumat-

rana; 42239 & 42783 laurina; 44595 & 52548 cinerea var.

sumatrana.

KorTHALS—(17) cinerea var. sumatrana; (25) laurina: (99) curtisii

var. arenosa.

318

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

KOSTERMANS—28 furfuracea; 646 tomentella; 3555 cinerea var.

cordata: 4046 conferta; 4060 percoriacea; 4094 galeata; 4164

percoriacea; 4301 latifolia; 4327 cinerea var. sumatrana; 4382

membranifolia; 4436 latifolia; 4535 percoriacea; 4745 tomen-

tella; 4831 laurina; 4854 & 4869 membranifolia; 4927 curtisii

var. arenosa; 5103 & 5209 cinerea var. cordata; 5233 latericia

var. latericia; 5351 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5355 cinerea var.

cordata; 5449 latericia var. latericia; 5568 cinerea var. cor-

data; 5690 latericia var. albifolia; 5755 korthalsii; 5778 &

6713 latifolia; 6730 & 6731 percoriacea; 7062 galeata; 7367

laurina; 7396 latericia var. latericia; 7942 curtisii var. lingui-

formis; 7964 latericia var. latericia; 8634 conferta; 8636 lati-

laurina; 8934 conferta; 8948 & 8950 laurina: 9017 and 9059

conferta; 9121 latifolia; 9130 conferta; 9536 membranifolia;

9667 laurina; 9762 cinerea var. cordata; 9764 curtisii var.

arenosa; 9880 & 9945 percoriacea; 9948 cinerea var. suma-

trana; 10148 latifolia; 10194 curtisii var. arenosa; 10286 &

10359 conferta; 10415 cinerea var. cordata; 10451 & 10559

cinerea var. sumatrana; 10635 woodii; 10713 furfuracea; 12577

cinerea var. sumatrana; 12800 conferta; 12816 latifolia; 13355

korthalsii; 13694 woodii; 13721 latericia var. latericia; 13900

cinerea var. sumatrana.

KOSTERMANS & ANDONG—5 laurina.

KOSTERMANS & ANTA—184 intermedia; 652 cinerea var. suma-

trana; 691 latericia var. latericia; 922 cinerea var. sumatrana

and also cinerea var. patentinervia mounted on the L sheet:

1181 laurina; 1299 cinerea var. sumatrana.

KOSTERMANS, KUSWATA, SOEGENG & SOEPADMO—238: 285 & 298

cinerea var. sumatrana.

KOSTERMANS & VAN WOERDEN—85 laurina.

KRUKOFF—4082 mandaharan; 4087 cinerea var. rubens: 4289 &

4445 hookeriana.

KUNTZE—4996 laurina.

Kurz—983 cinerea var. andamanica; 985 linifolia: 1522 inter-

media; 2431 cinerea var. andamanica; 2432 & 2433 linifolia:

26088 laurina.

Lace—4649 linifolia; 4762 cinerea var. andamanica; 4801 laurina;

5093 cinerea var. andamanica.

LAKSHNAKARA—440 globularia; 508 cinerea var. andamanica; 509

globularia; 754 malayana.

LAMANILAO—34269 glomerata.

319

Gardens Bulletin, S.

LAMBACH—1296 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1335 hookeriana; 1348

intermedia.

Laurie—5474 attenuata.

Lawson—93 attenuata.

LEEUWEN, DOocTERS v.—2285 & 2873 laurina.

LEEUWEN, D.v. & SMITH, J.J.—545 laurina.

LEIBERG—6152 glomerata.

LISTER—47; 74; 336 & 382 linifolia.

Losp—315 intermedia.

LoHER—6702; 6711; 6712; 6713; 6714 & 6720 glomerata; 12390;

12630 & 13390 tomentella.

LORZING—4585 mandaharan; 4623 curtisii var. curtisii; 5258 hoo-

keriana; 5538 laurina; 5780 cinerea var. sumatrana; 7467

cinerea var. rubens; 7512 hookeriana; 10124 curtisii var.

curtisii..

Low—FI acc. Nos. 7787; 7787a; 7787b & 7787c furfuracea.

LUTJEHARMS—4421 laurina.

/MaIpIN, Mp—1737 & 4145 latericia var. latericia.

MAIN—2065 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 2067

latifolia; 2098 uliginosa.

MasuyaPp—10169. & 48943 latifolia; 55250 furfuracea.

Mann—345 erratica.

MANUEL—21639 glomerata.

MarADJo—57 cinerea var. sumatrana; 279 laurina.

Marcan—1386 laurina.

MARIANO—27159 laurina.

MasTers—1122 & 1400 linifolia.

Maunc Tay—2371 linifolia.

McGrecor—245; 10344; 18576 & 22974 glomerata.

McLEan, CATALAN. & PERALTA—129 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

MEDINA—23537 glomerata.

MEEBOLD—8568 attenuata: 15182 & 17027 1inaeete

‘Meier, W.—1874 conferta; 2081; 2094; 2161 & 2184 laurina; 2327

elmeri; 2521 curtisii var. curtisii; 2533 furfuracea; 2590a cur-

tisii var. curtisii; 4075. mandaharan; SAN 19436 korthalsii.

MELEGRITO—A4247 laurina.

MENDOzA—4291 Jaurina.

°320

Vol. XVII. (1961).

MERRILL—504 & 2533 glomerata; 9764 korthalsii.

MEYER, R.—2815 glomerata.

MEYER & FoxworRTHy—13569 glomerata.

Miranpa—11880 & 18942 korthalsii.

Monr, v.d. MEER—82 laurina.

Monpr—205 laurina..

MotTLey—113 latericia var. latericia; 1146 korthalsii.

MouLTON—S.F.N. 6722 laurina.

MoussET—1139 cinerea var. sumatrana.

MULLER—367; 898 & 1002 globularia.

NaTIveE COLLECTOR, SARAWAK—164 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 2483

latericia var. latericia; 2648 membranifolia: 5280 korthalsii.

NICHOLSON & CHARRINGTON—SAN 17749 latifolia.

NICHOLSON & PATRICK PING SAM—SAN 17682 latifolia.

NOERKAS—447 cinerea var. cinerea.

OcaMPo—27913 glomerata.

ONGGIB—9395 & 44570 latericia var. latericia; 49055=(10281)

galeata.

Oro—30833 glomerata.

OTIK—4913 latericia var. latericia.

PARAISO—26280 glomerata.

PARKER—2237 linifolia.

PARKINSON—93:; 284; 315; 348 & 630 cinerea var. andamanica;

392 linifolia; 706; 712 & 764 cinerea var. andamanica; 1995 &

2065 globularia; 5012 linifolia. -

PascuaL—10181 latericia var. latericia; 28794 glomerata.

PATIL—2537 attenuata.

PAYMANS—1 & 2 conferta; 52 laurina; 61 & 74 conferta; 83 lateri-

cia var. albifolia; 127 conferta.

PeaL—90 & 142 linifolia.

PELLA—60 tomentella.

PENNEK, SUTAN—101 conferta.

PERALTA—35480 glomerata.

PETELOT—1546; 2625; 5375; 5683; 5720; 5825 & 6608 globularia.

PHUNG v. DIEN—135 globularia.

PICKLES—SAR Nos. 3405; 3477 & 3611 laurina; 3624; 3738 &

3757 cinerea var. sumatrana; 3850 latericia var. latericia.

321

Gardens Bulletin, S.

PING SAM, PATRICK—SAN Nos. 1883 tateridia var. albifolia; 19211

korthalsii.

PIERRE—5; 22; 26 & 66 cinerea var. andamanica; 260 globularia;

1627 furfuracea; 5431 globularia; 5432 laurina; 5461 linifolia;

5469 cinerea var. sumatrana.

PoILANE—1581 & 1741 globularia; 2500 cinerea var. andamanica;

5128 globularia; 6335 furfuracea; 6600 globularia; 6663 fur-

furacea; 7990; 8073 & 8079 globularia coriaceous form:

10486; 16297 & 17567 globularia; 18219 laurina; 20004 &

22854 globularia; 23677 laurina; 25188 globularia; 27815 &

28917 laurina; 29203 globularia; 29454 laurina; 29527 lini-

folia; 29919 globularia.

Po Kant—130; 981 & 2044 cinerea var. andamanica; 11381 globu-

laria: 13230 cinerea var. andamanica.

PoncE—25076 kunstleri var. surigaoensis.

PRAIN—141 cinerea var. andamanica; 680 linifolia.

PRAZER—7890 linifolia.

PuasA—1438 korthalsii; 1985 latifolia; 2256 (D.D. Wood) latericia

var. latericia; 4587 elmeri; 7126 latericia var. latericia.

Puasa & ENGGOH—10685 & 55168 woodii.

PURSEGLOVE—4549; 4674 latericia var. lunduensis; 4680 latericia

var. latericia; 5009 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 5041 cinerea

var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 5047 furfuracea; 5188

& 5217 cinerea var. sumatrana; 5367 latericia var. lunduensis.

PuT—638; 669; 834; 1262 & 2751 globularia.

QUITOLES—34366 glomerata.

RACHMAT—160 cinerea var. cinerea.

RAFAEL & PONCE—20745 glomerata.

RAHMAT St BOEEA=(RAHMAT SI TOROES)—2411 laurina; 3230

cinerea var. sumatrana; 4008 intermedia; 4413 & 5027 laurina:

5593 cinerea var. patentinervia; 6022 cinerea var. rubens; 6802

cinerea var. sumatrana; 6887 intermedia; 7023 malayana;

7414 laurina; 7982 & 8054 intermedia; 9131 cinerea var.

sumatrana; 9539 laurina.

Ramos, M.—504 & 1072 glomerata: 1278 latifolia; 1433 laurina;

1482 glomerata; 1530 latifolia; 1663 laurina; 1664 latifolia;

1706 tomentella; 1721 laurina; 1729 latifolia; 1757 laurina;

1902 latifolia; 2638; 8266 & 10957 glomerata; 13358 kun-

stleri var. kunstleri; 15277; 17590 & 21980 glomerata; 24276

& 24430 tomentella; 33094; 33095; 39614; 40865; 40924;

41105 & 80445 glomerata.

322

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Ramos J. & CELESTINO, M.—23002 glomerata; 23062 latericia

var. latericia.

Ramos & CONvocaR—83445 korthalsii; 83606 glomerata.

Ramos & DEROY—22574 & 22583 glomerata.

Ramos, M. & EDANO— 22574; 22583; 26423; 28595; 29268; 30948

& 31461 glomerata; 33456 & 33631 kunstleri var. kunstleri;

36633 korthalsii; 36682 glomerata; 36828 korthalsii; 36854

glomerata: 36879 glomerata; 37027 korthalsii; 37079 glo-

merata; 37330; 37366 & 37443 korthalsii; 37444 & 44119

glomerata; 44288 korthalsii; 48143 & 49330 glomerata;

49729, 49747, 49811 & 49851 korthalsii; 75339 & 75534

glomerata.

Ramos & PAScASIO—34569 glomerata.

Rao—5644. linifolia; 5727 cinerea var. andamanica.

REILLO—15421 & 15472 korthalsu.

REINWARDT—(6); (7) & (8) cinerea var. sumatrana; (9) intermedia.

RENSCH—1466 cinerea var. cinerea.

Risu & RHOMOoO—4087 linifolia.

RICHARDS—1107 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1220 laurina.

RIDLEY—1833 & 6447 communis; 8504 ashtonii.

RIEDEL—5698 cinerea var. cinerea.

ROBINSON—236; 237 & 238 tomentella.

Rock—1892 globularia; 2030 & 2384 erratica.

Rocer, A.—806 cinerea var. andamanica; 816 linifolia.

Rocers, C. G.—142 cinerea var. andamanica: 826 linifolia.

ROSENBLUTH—12744 glomerata.

ROSENBLUTH & TAMESIS—12690 glomerata.

VAN RossuM—63 conferta.

ROXBURGH—252 linifolia.

RUTTEN—2103 tomentella.

SABLAYA—52 tomentella.

SADONG—2648 membranifolia.

SANUSI b. TAHIR—SAR 9249 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

SANTAPAU—1316 & 1979 attenuata.

SATOR—815 latericia var. latericia.

SAUVEUR—17 percoriacea; 24 latifolia; 111 & 112 latericia var.

albifolia; 122 percoriacea.

323

Gardens Bulletin, S.

SCHIFFNER—1980 laurina.

SCHMIDT—516 & 581 globularia; 690 erratica; 831 & 880 globu-

laria. .

SEDGWICK—3169 attenuata.

SEDGWICK & BELL—6059 attenuata.

SENADA—SAR Nos. 2027 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 10111 cinerea

var. Sumatrana.

SHAH, Mp—62 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 72 stenophylla; 81 scor-

techinii; 88 stenophylla; 126 scortechinii; 471 & 520 cinerea

var. patentinervia; 526 communis; 535 malayana; 536 fur-

furacea.

SIMMONS—704 erratica.

SINCLAIR—9006 & 9224 kinabaluensis; 9282 & 9291 laurina; 9294

curtisii var. linguiformis; 9296 latericia var. albifolia; 9298

woodii; 9299 & 9311 elmeri; 9454 & 9553 glomerata; 9885;

9907 & 9908 retusa; 10010 cinerea var. sumatrana: 10029

(Hort. Bog. IVH87) tomentella; 10183 curtisii var. arenosa;

10189 galeata; 10191 rufa; 10238 kunstleri var. kunstleri;

10244 percoriacea; 10267 rufa; 10271 & 10275 ashtonii; 10289

cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 10297 latifolia;

10301 galeata; 10339 cinerea var. cordata; 10340 pectinata;

10341 cinerea var. cordata; 10360 latericia var. lunduensis;

10361 cinerea var. sumatrana; 10375 latericia var. lunduensis;

10376 cinerea var. patentinervia f. longipedicellata; 10381

latericia var. lunduensis; 10442 curtisii var. amoena; 10451

rufa; 10465 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 10546 & 10547 galeata.

S.F. Nos. 40280; 40368 and 40717 communis.

SMITINAND—1357 laurina; 1545 globularia; 2720 furfuracea.

SMYTHIES—SAR 12511 cinerea var. cordata.

SOEGANDIREDJA—274 laurina.

Sow—K.F. Nos. 71651 cinerea var. sumatrana; 71654 a small form

of the preceding; 80161 laurina; 80168 cinerea var. cordata.

VAN STEENIS—654 & 1335 intermedia; 1349 & 2842 laurina; 3433

cinerea var. sumatrana; 3765 intermedia; 10092 mandaharan;

11200; 12614 & 12615 laurina.

VAN STRAELEN—13 cinerea var. sumatrana.

SuLIT, M.D.—3224 glomerata; 6092 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 7053

& 7054 glomerata; 12456 latericia var. latericia; 14324 kun-

stleri var. kunstleri; 14417 & 22880 glomerata.

Suit, M.D. & CONKLIN—17628 glomerata.

324

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

SuLIT, M.D.; MENDOzA & STUDENT—20 glomerata.

SUMAGUE—37301 glomerata.

SUTAN PENNEK—101. conferta.

Su’uT ALI—SAR 7746 kunstleri var. kunstleri.

TALBOT—32; 41; 108; 272; 273 & 582 attenuata.

TAMESIS—11932 & 11946 glomerata.

TANDOM—1796 latericia var. latericia.

TEISMANN—475 cinerea var. sumatrana: 478 intermedia; 484

laurina; 1754 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1991 tomentella; 3057

cinerea var. sumatrana; 3091 mandaharan; 3475 cinerea var.

patentinervia; 3550; 3620; 3640 & 3641 cinerea var. suma-

trana; 3689 & 3718 laurina; 3735 cinerea var. sumatrana;

3745 furfuracea; 3791 & 3924 cinerea var. sumatrana: 5019

tomentella; 7685: 7685a; 8230 & 8674 cinerea var. suma-

-trana; 8679 uliginosa; 11733 cinerea var. cinerea; 11735

tomentella; 12187; 12226 & 12555 cinerea var. cinerea.

TEUSMANN & DE VRIESE—1991 & 5019 tomentella.

THoREL—1154 globularia; 2152 cinerea var. andamanica.

THORENAAR—S9; 75; 269 & 356 cinerea var. sumatrana; 189EIP

1006; 91T3P251 & T683 malayana.

TopPIN—6032 linifolia.

ToxoPpEUS—867 tomentella.

TsanG—27429 & 27516 globularia.

Ursa & WastsatT—See Ja numbers.

VALERA—1858 latifolia; 3816 laurina.

VANPRUK—775 globularia.

VELASCO—26652 glomerata.

VERHOEF—78 latericia var. latericia.

VipaL, J.—790 & 791 laurina; 1756 & 2250 globularia.

Via “y 'S.S.507; 509 & 1679 glomerata in FI & L. the K.

duplicate is'M. agusanensis; 3547 & 3548 korthalsii; 3549

& 3551 glomerata; 3554 & 3555 korthalsii; 3557; 3559: 3564

~" & 3566 glomerata; 3568 kunstleri var. kunstleri; 3571 & 3572

~~ -glomerata.

VILLAMIL—241 latericia var. latericia.

DE Voocp—463 intermedia: 1640 cinerea var. cinerea.

DE VRIESE—(28); (47) & (66) mandaharan.

WAALKES, J. VAN BoRssUM—402 & 587 cinerea var. sumatrana.

325

Gardens Bulletin, S.

WALL. CaT. (WALL. HERB., KEw)—6788 (missionis) globularia;

6791 attenuata; 6794 (lanceolata Wall.) globularia & a small

bit of M. fragrans mounted with it; 6801 (longifolia Wall.)

linifolia; 6802a hookeriana; 6802b probably Lauraceae; 6810

(glaucescens Jack) plumulosa.

Wana, C. W.—73168 & 78230 erratica; 80634 globularia.

WarRBURG—1738 laurina; 1739 cinerea var. sumatrana: 1742

tomentella; 1743 intermedia; 2499 laurina; 2500 intermedia;

3184 cinerea var. sumatrana; 11589; 11590; 13303: 13303a;

13304; 13641; 13644; 13644a & 13803 glomerata; 16718 &

16719 tomentella.

WARD, KINGDON F.—5534 erratica; 7913 cinerea var. andamanica.

WENZEL—743 & 1134 glomerata; 1913bis tomentella; 2513

& 2783 korthalsii; 2789 glomerata; 2860 _ kunstleri

var. surigaoensis; 2979 glomerata; 3048 kunstleri var. suri-

gaoensis; 3342 korthalsii; 3411 glomerata: 3474 & 3485 kun-

stleri var. surigaoensis.

WHITFORD—366 & 520 glomerata.

WHITFORD & HUTCHINSON—6026 & 9107 glomerata; 9310 kor-

thalsii; 9385 glomerata.

WIGHT—869; 873: 1075: 2484; 2486; 2487 & 2490 attenuata.

WILLIAMS—900; 901; 2340; 2876; 2892 & 2911 glomerata.

WINCKEL—308 cinerea var. sumatrana.

Winit—216 globularia; 265 cinerea var. andamanica; 1577 lini-

folia; 15195 furfuracea.

WINKLER, HUBERT—308 cinerea var. sumatrana; 2110 percoriacea;

2390 latifolia; 2460 membranifolia: 2466 & 2467 communis;

2546 membranifolia; 2753 korthalsii.

Woop, D.D.—931 korthalsii; 1985 latifolia; 2256 (Puasa) latericia

var. latericia.

Woop, G.H.S.—A Nos. 1996 latericia var. latericia; 1997 latifolia;

2917 & 3957 latericia var. latericia; 3962 woodii; 4139 elmeri:

4665 latericia var. albifolia; 4787 laurina; 4792 latifolia—

SAN Nos. 15382 latericia var. latericia; 15394 latericia var.

albifolia; 15430 furfuracea; 16012 laurina; 16286 pectinata;

16322 curtisii var. linguiformis; 16669 cinerea var. alpina;

16709 latericia var. latericia; 16733 cinerea var. suma-

trana: 16749 percoriacea; 16815 laurina; 16918 latericia var.

latericia—K.F. Nos. 71868 kunstleri var. kunstleri: 71870

scortechinii.

326

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

Woop, G.H.S. & CHARRINGTON—SAN Nos. 15388 woodii; 16515

latericia var. latericia.

Woop, G.H.S. & Kapir B. ABDUL—SAN 17049 membranifolia.

Woop, G.H.S. & KAPIS B. SISIRON—SAN 15293 latericia var.

latericia; SAN 16449 kinabaluensis.

Woop, G.H.S. & KILANG—SAN 16643 elmeri.

Woop, G.H.S. & WyaTT-SMITH—A Nos. 4237 cinerea var. suma-

trana, small form; 4400 laurina; 4484 kinabaluensis; 4578

cinerea var. sumatrana; 4582 ashtonii—K.F. Nos. 80343 &

80346 kinabaluensis; 80439 laurina.

WyATT-SMITH—K.F. Nos. 64726 scortechinii; 71059 stenophylla;

71085 furfuracea; 76413 & 76456 laurina.

YATES—1715 cinerea var. sumatrana; 1819 cinerea var. rubens.

ZAINAL ABIDIN—21 curtisii var. arenosa.

ZOLLINGER—809 cinerea var. sumatrana; 825; 996 & 998 laurina:

1163 intermedia; 1398 & 2650 cinerea var. sumatrana.

ZSCHOKKE—15396 glomerata.

ZWICKEY—228 & 655 glomerata: 784 korthalsii.

327

J. A. le Doux

JACQUES ALPHONSE LE Dowux, friend and correspondent of mem-

bers of the staff of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore, for more than

fifty years, died in the Johore General Hospital on Ist April, 1961,

at the age of 80. Ree.

Le Doux was born at Liverpool (according to the Sunday Times

of 2nd April), but spent his boyhood at a country house at East

Molesey in Surrey, near the river Thames, opposite Hampton

Court. His father had a large garden, with greenhouses containing

orchids and other tropical plants, and thus began the interest in

plants (and perhaps the call of the tropics) that lasted all his life.

With his brother Gustave he volunteered for service in the war

in South Africa, and remained. in that country until 1906, when

he again joined his brother, who had previously come to a tin

mine in Johore. |

Jacques soon turned from tin-mining to rubber-planting, in the

Kota Tinggi district, where he remained for the rest of his life.

After working on several estates, he established his own small

rubber plantation at the 3rd mile, Mawai Road, calling it

Tutankhamen Estate. There I first visited him in 1925, and found

that he was known to Malays in the neighbourhood as “Tuan

Jack’. Later, through no fault of his own, he lost this property,

and built a house for himself in an area of orchard land, which

he called “The Dusun’, on the other side of the road. He was

there at the time of the Japanese invasion of Malaya, and was

interned in Singapore during the years 1942-45. In the civilian

internment camp he became friendly with George Peet, of the

Straits Times editorial staff. Peet was impressed by le Doux’s

local knowledge of the countryside, its people and natural history,

and after the war persuaded him to allow publication of some

reminiscences in the Sunday Times. | remember le Doux telling

me that he was very hesitant about publication, and that, though

Peet wished him to write more, he doubted if he could do so. But

he was persuaded to continue, and Tuan Djek’s “Countryman’s

Journal” became a regular feature of the Sunday Times, so that

he and his dusun, the cook and the cook’s growing family, the

neighbours and the plants and animals which interested him,

became well known to a large public in Malaya.

Early in his planting career le Doux established contact with

H. N. Ridley, and sent him specimens of plants from time to time,

calling at the Gardens on his occasional visits to Singapore, and

328

ee eS ee ee

Photo: R. E. Holttum

J. A> LE Doox

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

he continued this practice when I. H. Burkill followed Ridley as

Director. I first met him at the Director’s house, at a tea-time call,

in 1922. In 1925 I stayed a long week-end with him at Easter,

and we climbed Gunong Panti and also went into the Pelepah

valley between G. Panti and G. Muntahak. At both localities,

then and later, we found many interesting plants, some of which

are apparently quite local. A year or two later he stayed for a time

at a small house in Tanglin Road, Singapore, and kept a fine col-

lection of varieties of Spathoglottis plicata in pots. His interest in

these plants led me to look at them critically, as I had not troubled

to do previously, and the results were recorded in a paper in the

Malayan Orchid Review. This was my first study of a group of

varieties of cultivated plants; it was for me a valuable experience

which I owed to le Doux. I learnt from him also about his methods

of cultivation of these plants, and this led to an improvement of

those we had at the Gardens.

In subsequent years we corresponded and exchanged brief visits

from time to time, and I learnt much from him in many ways.

He had an observant eye, and noted the flowering and fruiting

of the many different native trees and other plants around the

dusun, as well as of his fruit trees. Among the plants he showed

me in his later years were two bamboos on the bank of the stream

near his house. One was the blowpipe bamboo, the other the only

example I have seen in Malaya of Gigantochloa maxima, a variety

of which is widely planted in Java; I think this species must have

been brought by man from lower Burma. In 1952 le Doux wrote

to me that this bamboo was flowering, and when I went to gather

some flowers I walked down the road to a neighbouring kampong

with him and found yet another bamboo which was previously

very little known; this was Bambusa heterostachya, for 70 years

only known from the original collection made near Malacca. Le

Doux was equally interested in all kinds of animals, and corres-

ponded frequently with zoologists at Raffles Museum, the Uni-

versity of Malaya, and the Institute for Medical Research.

Le Doux was a kindly and modest person, with a quiet dry

humour in his conversation that made him always a good com-

_panion, whether in pleasure or adversity. He lived latterly detached

from the world, which in general he appeared to regard with an

amused tolerance, though upon occasion his comments could be

caustic. There must be many who, like myself, remember him for

kis unobtrusive but stimulating help and his firm ie

. Requiescat in pace.

R. E. HOLTTUM.

329

Review

THE GRASSES OF BURMA, CEYLON, INDIA AND PAKISTAN (exclud-

ing Bambuseae) by N. L. Bor, Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1960.

pp. 767 with 80 line drawings, indexed. £8 net.

Dr. Bor, who was formerly the Assistant Director of the Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew and before that in the Indian Forest Service

where he served for many years in Assam, has produced in this

volume a monumental contribution to our knowledge of the grasses

not only of the sub-continent of India but of South-east Asia gene-

rally, for a substantial number of the grasses named and keyed in

this volume occur both to the west as far as Tropical and Sub-

tropical Africa and to the East as far as Queensland and Tropical

‘North Australia.

The book consists of 2 parts—a general part dealing with mor-

phology, dispersal, the use of grasses and with obnoxious grasses,

and the second part dealing with the detailed systematics. The

section on morphology is well balanced and not unexpectedly

reaches the general conclusion that in the Gramineae “there exists

the most extraordinary mosaic cf characters”. The homologies of

the palea with the prophyllum are carefully worked out and the

author accepts the view that the ovary is 3-carpellary. Two unex-

pected roles for grasses are surely that of Garnotia arborum which

is an epiphytic in moses on tree trunks or on rocks and Hubbardia

leptoneuron a true waterfall spray species with leaves as thin as a

filmy fern.

Dr. Bor concludes that the great majority of grasslands in India

are seral and “fire is the factor which maintains a grassland of tall

grasses”. Further “if grazing is added to fire the tall grassland is

replaced by a grassland of depauperated species”. Malayans will

note with interest that Imperata “is the most aggressive of them all”

and that our familiar Siam weed (Eupatorium odoratum) “is cap-

able of ousting Imperata cylindrica’. The lessons to be drawn

from the proper management of lawns for the guidance of those

developing grazing for animals are not drawn and perhaps this is

not surprising when the phenomena of selective grazing are referred

to as “choosey”. However, Anker-Ladefoged’s work in Ceylon

indicating a necessity to match the quality of the grazing animal

with the quality of the sward is quoted.

330

Vol. XVIII. (1961).

The discussion of aromatic species and their oils is valuable,

and the increasing use of grasses for the manufacture of coarse

papers is noted. The recommendation of Rhynchelytrum repens

as a “most attractive subject in a garden” evokes a rueful smile

as this is a familiar, if attractive, weed in many parts of Malaya.

The chapter on obnoxious grasses is mainly concerned with the

well known phenomenon of hydrocyanic acid poisoning following

wilting and the troublesome “weeds” exemplified by our all too

familiar Jmperata or Lalang.

In the systematic part, a number of new tribes not used before in

describing the flora of India are included. The research from which

the origin of many of these new tribes has originated is well ex-

emplified by the exposition of the puzzling position of Gymno-

pogon resulting from the study of its anatomy. It would appear to

be neither a number of the Chlorideae nor of the Perotideae; what

then?

This multiplication of tribal names is so considerable that one

wonders whether it is not going too far. For example, there are 4

new tribal names in this local flora (howbeit, dealing with an

enormous area of the earth’s surface) which do not appear in

Hubbard’s last full account of the grasses in the 2nd edition of

Hutchinson’s “Families of Flowering Plants” which is little more

than a year older. The contrast between the Pooid sub-family

with its 36 tribes and the Panicoid sub-family with 3 tribes is

most striking. There is no doubt of course that it is easier to give a

satisfactory key to 36 tribes in the first instance than to try and key

the Pooid group as a whole, though even here the author is forced

to give a paragraph of exceptions. The keys are, in fact, the sub-

stance of the descriptive portion of this work and it is pleasant to

note in almost every case dimensions are expressed as ranges of

size rather than absolute figures. The tribes, genera and species

are all dealt with in strictly alphabetical order—the species in each

genus being listed seriatim; varieties when listed appear under

species. The synonymy is carefully presented with full and com-

plete references so that the application of the international rules of

nomenclature is explicit. It is always helpful, especially. to the non-

expert endeavouring to identify a grass, to be able to confirm key-

ing by a careful comparison with a full description. For example,

this is possible when using Dr. Stapf’s descriptions in the flora of

Tropical Africa. Here this can not be attempted. Again, reference

to authentic herbarium material is also helpful and one would have

liked to see a more generous quotation of exsiccata.

331

Gardens Bulletin, S-

In certain cases Dr. Bor has been bold enough to use names

such as e.g. Sporobolus indicus auctt. non (Linn.) R. Br. This

indicates that “Sporobolus indicus (Linn.) R. Br.” is a “complex

which requires much field study for its resolution”, a kind of pro-’

blem which is familiar not only to agrostologists but to most taxo-

nomic workers. Few botanists have, however, been bold enough to

deal with it in this forthright way before. A further innovation at

least in volumes dealing with grasses but quite usual for instance

when dealing with orchids—is the record of two bigeneric hybrids.

These are the well-known artificial hybrid Euchlaezea mertonensis

Janaki and Elymordeum which is recorded from Chitral.

The student of evolution will find curious facts: —“the glumes of

Lopholepis ornithocephala and Latipes senegalensis are so fan-

tastic as to defy any rational explanation as to how or why such

shapes evolve”. In the two species Panicum elegantissimum and

Ichnanthus vicinus “the grain, tightly enclosed between the lemma

and palea, appears to turn through 90° when mature so that,

instead of facing the lower lemma, it is at right angles to it. This

may be of some advantage to the plant, but it is difficult to think

what it might be”.

There are some odd statements—thus the unnumbered Bromus

macrostachys “‘has not so far been found in our area, but it is ex-

tremely probable that it will be found in Northwestern Pakistan”.

Again while as far as possible an illustration for each tribe has.

been chosen one is puzzled at the choice of Lygeum spartum

“which may have escaped from a garden” in Kashmir, especially

as this has also been chosen amongst others to garnish the dust-

cover of the volume.

The book illustrates the taxonomic difficulty of this important

family and the impressive way that the taxonomists at the Royal

Botanic Gardens, Kew, are progressing with its treatment. It is one

of the international series of monographs on pure and applied

biology, the Botany Division of which has Dr. R. C. Rollins and

Dr. G. Taylor as general editors. |

There are remarkably few typographical errors and the paper

and binding are of good quality. Nevertheless the price is surely

very high? _ |

H.B.G.

332

INDEX-VOLUME 18

References are given

(a) Names of Authors of Papers in CAPITALS.

(b) New Taxa and Binomials in Bold Print.

Antelaea Adelb., 74.

A. azadirachta (L.) Adelb., 74.

Azadirachta A. Juss., 71, 74.

A. excelsa (Jack) Jacobs, 72, 75.

A. indica A. Juss, 74.

A. integrifolia Merr., 71, 75.

Bor, N. kL. The Grasses of Burma,

etc. A review, 330.

Ceratopteris, 74.

C. pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron., 77.

C. thalictroides (L.} Brong., 77,

Ficus, 1, $3,