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i ? 7

THE

GARDENS’ BULLETIN

SINGAPORE

Volume XXIV

9th August, 1969

Singapore 150th Anniversary Issue

A periodical reflecting the interests

and activities of the Botanic Gardens

Singapore.

EDITOR:

Director, Botanic Gardens,

Singapore.

Published by Authority

PRINTED BY LIM BIAN HAN, GOVERNMENT PRINTER, SINGAPORF

(bel ie,

; bas

if} vit Vv

iv Tvi¢ '

VATS

INDEX, VOL. XXIV

Basionyms and synonyms appear in italics. Page numbers in

roman type refer to text, in italics to illustrative matter on the same

or following page(s).

Abarema globosa, 6.

kiahii, 6.

Achyrospermum, 16, 18, 20, 23, 178.

densiflorum, 20, 23, 24

philippinense, 23, 25.

phlomoides, 23, 25.

Acrocephalus, 19, 20, 25,

blumei, 26.

capitatus, 26.

dentatus, 27.

indicus, 20, 26, 28, 178.

forma spicatus, 27, 28.

spicatus, 27.

sumatranus, 125

Acrymia, 15, 16, 20, 29, 178.

ajugiflora, 20, 28, 29, 30.

Adambea, 185, 187.

glabra Lam., 257, 261.

hirsuta, 261 263.

Adamboe, 261.

Aecidium fragiforme, 181.

Ajuga, 15, 16, 20, 29, 31.

bracteosa, 20, 31, 32,33, 178.

loheri, 31.

macrosperma Miq., 31.

macrosperma Wall. var. cuneata,

31.

remota 31, 33.

ternatensis, 31.

Alloburkillia, 4.

alba, 4

Allopecuro-Veronica, 67.

Anisochilus euneurus, 76.

Anisomeles, 14, 18, 20, 33

species, key to, 33.

albiflora, 34.

candicans Benth., 37.

candicans Miq., 37.

indica, 20, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37.

intermedia, 38.

malabarica, Miq., 34.

malabarica (L.) R. Br., 20, 33,

30. 3a

ovata, 34.

salviaefolia, 20, 33, 37, 179.

Anthocoma, 63.

flavescens, 63.

Aphanochilus, 73,

blanda, 73.

Aschersonia sp., 184.

Asteridiella confragosa, 183.

Ballota suaveolens, 96.

Basilicum, 38.

polystachyon, 20, 39, 40, 178.

Becium, 125.

Boehmeria repanda, 362.

trinervis, 362, 364.

Botryodiplodia theobromae, 182.

Botryosphaeria stevensonii, 184.

Burkillia Ridley, 4.

Burkillia West & West, 4.

alba, 4

Burseraceae, 2.

Bysteropogon graveolens, 96.

Calamintha, 18, 20, 41.

species, key to, 42.

gracilis, 20, 42.

molucana, 42.

repens var. javanica, 45.

umbrosa, 20, 43.

var, javanica, 42 44, 45.

var, umbrosa, 42, 43.

Canarium, 2.

caudatum, 2, 3.

forma caudatum, 3.

patentinervium, 2, 3.

reniforme, 2.

Catanthera, 351.

brassii, 353.

endertii, 353.

kinabaluensis, 353.

longistylis, 353.

lysipetala, 351, 352.

multiflora, 352.

ovata, 353.

paniculata, 353.

quintuplinervis, 353.

schlechteri, 353.

tetranda, 353.

Cedronella, 15.

Cerantanthus, 15, 19, 20, 46, 179.

longicornis, 20, 46, 47, 179.

Cercospora oryzae, 183,

376

Choanephora cucurbitarum, 181,

182, 183, 184.

Clerodendranthus, 132.

stamineus, 132.

Coleus, 19, 20, 48, 147.

species, key to, 49.

acuminatus, 51.

amboinicus, 20, 49, 50, 54, 178.

aromaticus, 50.

atropurpureus, 51.

bicolor, 60.

blumei, 51.

carnosa, 50, 51.

crispipilus, 56, 57.

formosanus, 56.

galeatus, 20, 49, 54, 60, 62.

var. borneensis, 62.

var. galeatus, 60.

gaudichaudii, 56, 57.

gibbseae, 58, 59.

grandifolius, 58.

integrifolius, 58.

laciniatus, 51.

Jongipes, 59.

macranthus, 20, 49, 54, 59, 151,

178.

var. crispipilus, 56.

var. stenophyllus, 59.

macrophyllus, 60.

maropus, 60.

multiflorus, 57.

pubescens, 56,. 57.

pumilus, 56, 57.

remotiflorus, 60, 62.

scutellarioides, 20, 49, 51, 52,

34, 57,

varieties, key to, 53.

var crispipilus, 53, 56, 57

var gibbseae, 53, 58.

var, grandifolius, 53, 58.

var. integrifolius, 53, 58.

var. scutellarioides, 53.

sparsifolius, 20, 49, 54, 60.

spectabilis, 60, 62.

suvorbicularis, 50, 51.

suganda, 50, 51.

zschokkei, 56, 57.

Corticium salmonicolor, 181, 182,

183. .

solani, 182, 183.

Corynespora cassiicola 181.

Craniotome furcata, 150.

versicolor Reichb., 150.

versicolor van Steenis, 150.

Crudia, 4.

Sparei, 4.

Ctenolophon, 6.

grandifolius, 6, 7.

parvifolius, 6.

Cunila moluccana 42, 43,

nepalensis, 120,

Garden’s Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Curvularia pallescens, 184.

Cymaria, 15, 16, 20, 29, 63.

“species, key to, 63.

acuminata, 20, 63, 66, 178.

dichotoma, 20, 63, 65, 66.

elongata, 64.

mollis, 63, 64.

timoriensis, 64.

Cyrtandromoea repens, 85, 86.

Dialium angustisepalum, 4.

patens, 4.

Dillenia, 3.

eximia, 3.

grandifolia, 3.

ovata, 3.

reticulata, 3.

Discocarpus, 355.

mexicanus, 356.

nicaraguensis, 356, 359.

Discocnide, 355.

mexicana, 356, 357, 358.

Dissochaeta, 351, 352.

quintuplinervis, 353.

Docidium australianum, 341.

Duabanga, 189, 257.

Dysophylla Bl., 17, 20, 67, 179.

sect. Oppositifoliae, 180.

sect. Verticillatae, 180.

species and varieties, key to, 67.

auricularia Bl., 20, 67, 68, 180.

var. montana, 69.

benthamiana, 70.

erecta, 72.

gracilis, 72.

stellata, 20, 67, 70; 71, 72, ‘TIE,

180.

var. gracilis, 72.

var. roxburgiana, 67, 68, 72.

var, stellata, 67, 70.

var. tomentosa, 72.

quadrifolia, 72, 180.

tomentosa, 71.

var. gracilis, -72.

var tomentosa 7].

verticillata, 70, 71.

Elsholtzia,. 17.20," 73:

species, key to, 73.

blanda, 20, 73, 74.

elata, 20, 73} “75.0178:

eriantha, 75.

javanica, 142, 143.

mollissima, 76.

pubescens, 20, 76.

Epimeredi 34.

Eriomyces sp., 183.

Eriomycopsis ugandae, 182.

Eurysolen, 16, 18, 20, .77.

gracilis, 20, 77, 78.

Eusteralis, 180.

Fatioa papaulensis, 196, 199,

Fomes lignosus, 182.

noxius, 182, 184,

Index

Fordia johorensis, 4.

lanceolata, 5,

ney. 5:

ophirensis, 5.

Ganua, 9.

motleyana var. glabrescens, 9.

Geniosporum axillare, 108.

Germanea, 141.

galeatus, 60.

Gomphostemma, 14, 16, 21, 29, 79.

140.

sect. Eugomphostemma, 79.

sect. Podosiphon, 79.

sect. Stenostoma, 79.

species, key to, 80.

bartlettii, 83.

cinereum, 86, 88.

crinitum, 21, 80, 84.

var. griffithii, 84.

curtisii 21, 80, 85.

dichotomum, 83.

flavescens, 63.

hemsleyanum, 21, 80, 85.

insuave, 117, 119.

javanicum, 21, 80, 86, 89, 139.

lacteum, 86.

luzonense, 136, 138.

macrophyllum, 139, 140.

membranaifolium, 136, 138.

microcalyx, 21, 80, 82.

oblongum, 86, 140.

parviflorum Benth., 84.

parviflorum Wall. 21, 80, 83.

petiolare, 136, 139.

philippinarum, 86, 88.

phlomoides, 86, 89.

racemosum, 21, 80, 8/, 178.

scortechinil, 21, 80, 89.

sumatrense, 136, 138, 139.

Hedeoma, sect. Mosla, 119.

napalensis, 120.

Hederella, 351, 352.

brassii, 353.

endertii, 353.

forbes. .351,. 352.

kinabaluensis, 353.

longistylis, 353.

lysipetala, 352.

multiflora, 351, 352.

ovata, 353.

paniculata, 353.

quintuplinervis, 351, 353.

tetrandra 351, 353.

Hemsleia Kudo, 46.

Hyptis, 19, 20, 90, 178.

species, key to, 90.

brevipes, 20, 90, 92.

var. serrata, 91.

capitata Jacq., 95.

capitata Miq., 92.

celebica, 92, 95.

decurrens, 92, 95.

lanceolata Brig., 92, 95.

pectinata, 20, 90, 96.

phlomoides, 86, 89.

rhomboidea 20, 90, 92, 93, 95.

spicigera, 20, 90, 95.

suaveolens, 20, 21, 90, 96.

377

Irpex flavus, 183.

Isodon, 141.

Isonandra perakensis var. ©

kelantanensis, 7.

var, perakensis, 7.

Katou-Adamboe Rheede, 264.

Labiatae, 13, 14.

addendum, 179. : Ars

classification. 15.

phytogeographical notes, 178.

species in Malesia, 20.

taxonomic treatment, 23.

subf. Ajugoideae, 15, 16, 20, 22.

genera key to, 16.

o Ocimoideae, 15, 19, 20, 21,

genera, key to, 19.

subf. Prasioideae, 15, 16, 21.

TRIBUS Prasiae, 16.

subf. Scutellarioideae. 15°" 17

subf. Stachyoideae, 15, 16, 17, 20.

genera, key to, 17.

Lagerstroemia, 185.

sect. Adambea, 185, 187, 189,

253, Ley 270.

subsect Adambea, 187, 257, 258,

259, - 284,292,

species, key to, 259.

subsect. Banglamea, 185, 187,

284.

species, key to, 284.

subsect. Microcarpidium, 185,

131,250, 212

species, key to, 273.

sect. Adambeola, 185, 257, 284.

sect. Muenchhausenia, 185, 257.

sect. Munchhausia 189, 257.

sect. Sibia, 185, 187,, 7/88, 189.

subsect. Sibia, 185, 187, 189.

species, key to, 189.

sect. Pterocalymma, 187, 200.

species, key to, 201.

subsect Pterocalymma, 187, 200.

species, key to, 201.

sect. Trichocarpidium, 185, 187,

OF Tie, 293.

subsect. Trichocarpidium, 187,

292.

species, key to, 292.

subsect. Trichosepalum, 185,

187, 301. ;

species, key to, 302.

sect. Velaga, 185, 187,. 189, 272.

alatulata, 185, 202, 240, 242,

243, 250. .

angustifolia, 306, 308.

anisoptera, 302, 321, 323, 324.

archeriana, 185, 222, 292, 297,

299. 300.

var. glabrescens, 222.

aruensis, 185, 202, 240, 241.

250. |

378

Lagerstroemia (contd.)

balansae, 302, 308, 310, 317,

318, 319;

batitinan, 254, 257, 290.

borneensis, 185, 202, 220, 232,

234, 235, a200,

—piriformis-koehneana-group, 234,

calycina, 218, 228.

calyculata, 302, 306, 307, 308.

celebica, 218.

chekiangensis, 273.

cochinchinensis, 308, 320.

var cochinchinensis 302, 308,

309.

var. ovalifolia, 185, 302, 310

31d

collettii, 203.

collinsae, 312, 3/3.

corniculata, 203.

costa-draconis, 185, 259, 269, 270.

crassifolia, 185, 202, 232 233, 236,

250.

crispa, 202, 225, 226,:227;, 228;

250.

cristata, 185, 202, 236, 237, 250.

cuspidata, 324, 326, 331.

dielsiana, 292, 296, 301.

duperreana, 185, 284, 285, 286.

engleriana, 185, 299, 301.

fatioa, 196.

fauriei, 279.

floribunda, 299, 301, 321, 324, 327,

3294: 33%

var. brevifolia, 303, 331, 332.

var. cuspidata, 324.

var. floribunda, 303, 329, 330.

3319 BIZ 33;

var subecostata, 303, 332, 333.

var. sublaevis, 303 332, 333.

flos-reginae, 261, 262, 264, 268.

var. augusta, 261.

fordii, 248, 284, 290, 29/.

gagnepainii, i85, 284, 287, 289.

glabra Gagn., 185, 276.

glabra Koehne, 273, 276, 278, 287.

grandiflora, 189, 257.

hexaptera, 213, 218, 254, 257.

hirsuta, 185, 261, 263.

hossei, 271.

hypoleuca, 259, 260, 284.

indica, 189, 190, 197, 192, 257,

268, 273.

var. alba, 190.

var. pallida, 190.

var. rosea, 190.

forma angustifolia 190.

forma latifolia 190.

forma lilacina 190.

Garden’s Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

inopinata, 185, 202, 238, 239, 240,

242, 250.

intermedia, 268.

var. oblonga, 271.

koehneana, 203, 236, 246, 247, 250,

254.

lanceolata Brandis & Clarke,

185, 192.

lanceolata Wall., 192, 195.

langkawiensis, 185, 303, 327, 328.

lecomtei, 302, 320.

limii, 273, 274, 275.

loudonii, 185, 263, 302 303, 304,

305.

macrocarpa, Wall., 261

macrocarpa Kurz., 271.

var. macrocarpa, 259, 269, 271,

py ee

var. reflexa, 185, 259, 269, 272.

major, 263.

micrantha, 273, 276, wi:

microcarpa, 185, 189, 192, 193,

194, 195, 276.

minuticarpa, 284, 287, 288.

moluccana, 185, 202, 244, 245, 250.

noei, 312, 320.

var. longifolia,

316,6317,

var. noei, 302, 314, 315, 317.

ovalifolia, 201, 210, 2/7, 213, 216.

varieties, key to, 212.

var. apiculata, 185, 202, 212, 213,

216, al7 216s Zan.

var. exapiculata, 185, 201, 2/J,

212, 213, 214.

var minor, 185, 202, 2/1,

212; 2162216. 17250.

var. novoguineensis, 185, 202,

211,212, 220,.227, 2a

var. ovalifolia, 201, 2/7, 212, 213.

var. riedeliana, 185, 202, 212,

218 219, 235

var. ruptilis, 185, 202, 21/7, 212,

paniculata, 200, 202, 225, 228, 229,

240, 244, 250, 257.

parviflora, 189, 192, 195, 179, 198.

subsp. nudinervis, 196.

subsp. pubinervis, 196.

var. benghalensis, 196

var. majuscula, 196.

var. napaulensis, 196.

petiolaris, 292, 297, 298.

piriformis, 203, 220, 228, 236, 238,

240, 244, 248, 249, 254.

forma batitinan, 185, 203, 244,

254, 255.

var. callosa, 185, 203, 252 253.

var valleculata, 185, 203, 238,

230, {2513

185, 302, 314,

Index

Lagerstroemia (conid.)

pterosepala, 185, 202, 230, 23/, 250.

pubescens, 296.

punctulata, 185.

pustulata, 185, 201, 222, 223.

quinquevalvis, 201, 224.

reginae, 185, 257, 259, 260, 261,

Ziz.

riedeliana, 218.

rottleri, 185, 263, 303, 305.

siamica, 303, 321, 324, 325, 326,

SEte aot:

speciosa, 185, 224, 257, 259, 260,

265, 264; 266;'271; 272:

var. augusta, 263.

var intermedia, 185, 259, 268,

269

var. speciosa, 259.

spireana, 302, 321, 322.

var. armata, 321.

stenopetala, 276, 279.

subangulata, 185, 201, 208, 209,

210.

subcostata, 272, 273, 276,279,

261, 242,283.

var. ambigua, 279.

var. glabra, 276.

var. hirtella, 281.

subsessilifolia, 201, 222, 224.

thomsonii, 185, 192, 195.

thorellii, 185, 285, 290.

tomentosa, 292, 294, 296, 305.

var. caudata, 292.

var. loudonii, 303.

turdinata, 331.

undulata, 202, 208, 210, 225, 226,

228.

var. subangulata, 208, 225.

unguiculosa, 281.

venusta, 201, 203, 204.

villosa, 201, 205, 207.

var. sparsior, 205, 208.

yangii, 273, 279, 280.

var. ambigua, 279, 283

Lamium gesnerioides, 136.

longepetiolata, 136.

Laportea, 355.

sect. Discocarpus, 355.

liebmannii, 356.

mexicana, 356.

nicaraguensis, 356.

platycarpa, 356.

Lavandula, 15.

Leguminosae, 4.

Leonotis, 15.

Leonurus, 18, 21, 97.

javanicus, 136, 138, 139.

oblongifolius, 139, 140.

sibiricus, 21, 98, 99.

Leucas, 21, 18, 100.

species, key to, 100.

aspera, 21, 100, 101, /02.

bancana, 101.

biflora Miq., 105.

ceylonica, 101.

decemdentata Benth., 107.

flaccida, 21, 100, 702, 107.

globuligera, 91, 92.

379

javanica, 21, 100, /02, 105.

var. horsfieldiana, 106

var. littoralia, 106.

var. montana, 106.

forma javanica, 106.

forma littoralis, 106.

forma montana, 106.

lavandulifolia, 21, 100, /02, 103.

leucocephala, 105, 106.

linifolia, 104.

malayana, 101.

marrubioides Ceron, 106, 107.

minahassae, 101.

mollissima, 21, 100, 702, 106.

oxyodon, 105, 106.

parviflora, 107.

procumbens Migq., 105.

sericea, 106, 107.

zeylanica, 21, 100, 101, /02.

Lowiaceae, 347.

subf. Lowioideae, 347.

Lumnitzera acrocephala, 26.

capitata, 26.

Lycopus dianthera, 120.

Lythraceae, 185.

Madhuca, 9.

Majorana, 15.

amboinica, 50, 51.

Marasmiellus scandens, 181, 182,

183, 184.

equicrinus, 182, 183, 184.

Marrubium indicum Blanco, 96.

Marsypianthes, 15.

Medinilla 351.

anomala, 352.

longistylis, 352.

multiflora, 352.

Melastomaceae, 351.

TRIBUS Dissochaeteae, 351.

Melissa, 21, 18, 41 108.

species, excluded, 110.

sect. Calamintha, 41.

axillaris, 21, 108, /09.

hirsuta Bl., 108, 110.

indora, 110, 176.

parviflora Benth., 108, 110.

umbrosa, 43.

Mentha, 17, 21, 111.

species, cultivated, 113.

arvensis Benth. var. zollingeri,

111

arvensis Linn. 111, 113.

var. javanica, 21, 111, //2.

auricularia Blanco, 154.

auricularia Linn., 67, 180.

cablin, 154.

crispa Blanco 113.

foetida, 67.

javanica, 111.

quadrifolia, 72.

stellata, 70.

verticillata Roxb., 70, 71.

380 Garden's Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Mesona, 15, 19. 21, 113 117. aristatum, 132, 134.

species, key to, 114. basilicum, 22, 126, 127.

clausa, 123. var. glabratum, 127, 128.

palustris, 21, 114, 1/5. brachiatum, 126, 127.

var. petiolata, 114, 116. canum, 126, 127, 128.

parviflora, 116. ,

philippinensis, 21, 114, 7/5, 116. ea 4 ;

prunelloides, 125. ee 1 » 40,

wallichiana, 116. cifriodorum, 127.

glabratus, 135. glabratus, 135.

: ; grandifiorum, 132.

Metiola stenospora var. major, 184. gratissimum, 22, 126, 128.

Micrasterias alata forma tumida, polystachyum, 39.

339, 341, 346. sanctum, 22, 126, 129, 130.

americana var. macrodon, 339, scutellarioides, 51.

344.

tenuiflorum Burm., 39.

thymiflorum 135.

tomentosus Benth., 135.

viscosum, 135.

Ocymium, 48, 125, 128.

Microtoena, /8, 21, 117. Oidium, sp., 184.

cymosa, 117, 119. heveae, 183.

insuavis, 21,117, 118. Omphalopus, 352.

Microxyphium sp., 181, 184. Orchidantha, 347.

foliacea, 344.

var. spinosa, 341, 342, 346.

mahabuleshwarensis, 344.

Microthyriella sp., 182.

Mimusops elengi, 9. borneensis, 347.

Moschosma, 38. calcurea, 347.

philippinense, 142. longiflora, 347, 348.

polystachyum, 39. maxillarioides, 347.

tenuiflora, 39. ~ Origmum benghalense, 26.

Mosla, 14, 17. 21, 119. Ormosia grandistipulata, 6.

species, key to, 120. polita, 6.

dianthera, 21, 120, /2/.

179 formosanum, 122

lysimathiiflora: 122. lysimachiiflorus, 122.

ocimoides, 120. Orthosiphon, 19, 22, 132.

Munchhausia, 187, 189, 257. species, key to, 132.

2 aristatus, 22, 132, 133.

speciosa, 257, 264, 267, 268, 334. ooh

Musaceae, 347. spiralis, 132.

stamineus, 132.

Naetrocymbe depressa, 181. var. angustifolia, 132, 134.

Neovossia horrida, 183. thymiflorus, 22, 132, 135.

Nepeta, 15. viscosus, 135.

indica, 34. Palaquim, 9. ~

malabarica Bl., 34, 36. cryptocariifolium 11.

malabarica Linn. 37. impressionervium, 7, 8.

pectinata, 96. regina-montium, 9, /0.

Nosema, 15, 19, 21, 117, 122. Paraphlomis, 16, 18, 22, 135.

species, key to, 123. species, key to, 136.

clausa, 21, 123, 124. brevidens, 136, 138, 139.

capitatum var. javanica, 125. javanica, 22, 136, 137, 139, 140.

cochinchinense, 1/24, 125. oblongifolia, 22, 136, 737 139, 178.

prunellodes, 125. rugosa, 136, 139, 140.

Nothocnide, 361. Payena, 9.

Collections, index of, 369-373. WA

species, key to, 362. Pestalotiopsis palmarum, 182.

discolor, 361, 362, 367, 368. theae, 182.

melastomatifolia, 362, 366, 365. Phlomis. 16.

mollissima, 362, 365. aspera, 101.

repanda, 361, 362, 363, 365, 367, chinensis B1., 105.

368. indica Blanco, 34.

javanica, 136.

Ocimum, 19, 22, 48, 125, 178. linifolia, 103.

species, key to, 126. oblongifolia, 139.

acrocephalum, 26, 27. rugosa, 136.

africanum, 126. zeylanica Blanco, 104.

americanum, 126. zeylanica Linn., 101.

Index

Phyllapophysis, 352.

schlechteri, 352, 353.

Phymatodocis nordstedtiana var.

triangularis, 343, 345, 346.

Phytophora parasitica, 183.

Pipturus, 361.

discolor, 368.

ellipticus, 362.

melastomatifolius,

mollissimus, 365.

repandus, 362.

repandus var. Rufescens, 365.

rotundifolius, 368.

succulentus, 362, 364.

365.

subalpinus, 362, 364.

Pithecellobium, 6.

affine,

globosum, 6.

Plectranthus, 15, 19, 22, 48, 141,

147, 148, 149.

sect. Cornigera, 46.

species, doubtful, 151.

species, key to, 141, 142.

amboinensis, 50.

apoensis, 22, 147, 148.

aromaticus, 50.

benthamianus, 142, 143.

bicolor Bl., 60, 61, 62.

congestus, 22, 147, 148, 179.

diffusus Merr., 142, 143.

galeatus, 60.

ingratus, 51.

intermedius, 142, 143.

javanicus, 22, 141, 142, /49.

klossii, 22, 148, 150.

var. major, 150, 151.

kunstleri, 151.

laciniatus, 51.

macrophyllus, 60, 62.

monadelphus Llanos, 56.

parviflorus Willd, 22, /48, 150, 179.

patchouli, 117,

petraeus, 22, 141, 145, 149.

scutellarioides, 51.

steenisii, 22, 141, 145, 146, 149.

teysmanni, 22, 141, 144, 145, 149.

zollingeri, 144, 145.

Pleurotaenium, 341.

australianum, 341.

burmense var. elegans, 337, 338,

346.

spinosissimum, 338, 340.

spinulosum, 340.

var. madagascariense, 340.

Pogostemon, 16, 17, 22, 151,

158; 179.

species, imperfectly known,

species, key to, 152.

auricularius, 67, 180.

battakianum, 154, 155.

cablin, 22, 152, 154, 158, 178.

comosus, 154, 53.

cristatus, 160.

fraternus, 156, 159.

heyneanus, 22, 100, 151, 152, 758.

javanicus, 154, 155.

membranaceous, 156.

menthoides, 22, 152, 156, 157, 158,

160.

381

nepetoides, 154, 155.

var. glandulosus, 154.

patchouli Hook., 152, 154.

patchouly Pellet, 154.

var. suavis Hook. f., 154.

philippinense, 22, 152, 156, 157,

158.

reticulatus, 22, 152, 155, 158.

tormentosus, 22, 152, 153, 158.

~ vyerticillatus, 70.

velatus, 227152307 ‘159:

williamsti, 159, 160.

Polypodium ovatum, 51.

Prasium javanicum, 86, 87, 139.

forma javanicum, 89.

forma phlomoides, 89.

phlomoides, 86, 88.

Prunella indica, 26.

Pseudopipturus rotundifolius,

Pterocalymma, 185, 187.

Pycnanthemum decurrens, 92.

elongatum, 50.

subulatum, 90.

Pycnostachys, 15.

Rabdosia 141.

javanica, 142.

Rhizopus stolonifer, 181.

Rosmarinus, 15.

Salvia, 14, 17, 22, 160.

species, key to, 161.

coccinea Prain, 162.

coccinea var. pseudococcinea, 22,

161, 162, 163.

philippinensis, 162.

plebeia, 22, 161, 162,. 163.

pseudococcinea, 162.

scapiformis, 161, /63.

violaceae, 162.

Sapotaceae, 7.

Satureia, 41, 42.

sect. Calamintha, 41.

gracilis, 42.

umbrosa, 43.

var. javanica, 45.

var. repens, 45.

Schiffnerula sp., 182.

mirabilis, 183.

Sclerotium rolfsii, 184.

Scutellaria, 14, 17, 22, 164.

species and varieties, key to, 165.

copelandii, 167, 178.

cyrtopoda, 167.

discolor, 22, 165, 168, 170.

var. cyrtopoda, 165, 167 170.

var. discolor, 165.

heteropoda, 165, 166.

var. grandis, 165, 166.

horsfieldiana, 168, 171.

indica, 22, 165, 167, 170;

javanica, _. 168, 169, £70, 171,

var. javanica, 165, 168.

Me luzonica, 165, 170, 171.

ar. sumatrana, 165, 170, 171.

ie russeliaefolia, 165 170, 172,

368.

382 Garden’s Bulletin, Singapore -- XXIV (1969)

Scutellaria (contd.) viscidum, 22, 110, 176, 177.

luzonica, 171. var. densiflorum, 176, 178.

marivelensis, 171. peal : ;

repens, 45. Thielaviopsis paradoxa, 182.

russeliaefolia, 172. Thymus, 15.

sumatrana, 165, 171. biserratus, 90.

Septobasidium sp., 181, 184. Trametes corrugata, 183.

Septoria sp., 183. Trichomerium sp., 181.

Solenostemon, 49. Triploceras, 341.

Sphaerostilbe repens, 181. splendens, 338, 340, 346.

Stachys, 18, 225 172. (Jrera, 355.

artenisiae, 98. lat ; SI ese,

melissaefolia, 22, 173, 174. Mi gh a

oblongifolia Back., 173. penser ie wig

oblongifolia Wall. ex. Benth., 173. "epanda, 361, 362.

rubisepala, 43, 45. rotundifolia, 368.

sericea Cav., 173. Urticaceae, 361:

sericea Wall. ex. Benth., 173. . .

; Urticastrum mexicanum, 356.

Streptonema quadrangularis, 343, nicaraguense, 356.

345, 346.

trilobatum, 345 Vacciniaceae, 351,

: TRIBUS Ericeae, 351.

Teucrium, 16, 22, 175. Vaccinieae, 351.

species key to, 175.

annandalei, 176. Velaga, 185, 187, 189.

philippinense, 176.

quadrifarium, 22 175, 177. tlhe viens eo

stoloniferum Hamilt, ex Xanthidium superbum var. centri-

Benth., 176. cornis, 342, 344, 346.

stoloniferum Roxb., 176.

var. typicum, 176. Ziziphora javanica, 43, 45.

aw RADHA : ie - | —-

2 ; as

COMPLIMENTARY

THE a

GARDENS’ BULLETIN ~*

SINGAPORE

Volume XXIV

1969

Editor:

Director. Botanic Gardens,

Singapore.

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CONTENTS

Auctores: Notes on the Systematy of Malayan Phanerogams -

Keng, H.: Flora Malesianae Hrecursores av, A Rewsion

of Malesian Labiatae .

Turner, G. J.: New Records of Plant Diseases in Sarawak for

the years 1966 & 1967 - - i ‘ a

Furtado, C. X. & poarentts M.: A pias of ——— Ly

(Lythraceae). -

Prowse, G. A.: Some New Desmid taxa from Malaya &

Singapore - - - ; “ : .

Keng, H.: Notes on the iii of Orchidaaths longriore

(Lowiaceae) -

Nayar, M. P.: The Status of the ates Catanthera EF. Y. nee

(Melastomataceae) -

Chew. W. —-L.: Discocnide (Urticaceae) - - - :

Chew, W. —-L.: Nothocnide (Urticaceae) in Malesia - =

185

337

347

351

361

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An issue to mark the

occasion of the

150th Anniversary

of the founding of

Singapore

THE

GARDENS’ BULLETIN

SINGAPORE —

Volume XXIV

ARYOLD aRBorstuy

NOV 17 1968

Published by Authority

To be purchased at the Botanic Gardens, Singapore

Price: $25 |

Sa aeae

pen = 4 arr a,

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Sate > ee

THE

GARDENS’ BULLETIN

SINGAPORE

Vol. XXIV 9th August, 1969

Notes on the Systematy of Malayan Phanerogams

I—V

from

FOREST RESEARCH INSTITUTE, KEPONG, MALAYA.

Abstract

Canarium reniforme is described as new, from the Dindings.

Dillenia grandifolia is resurrected for a common Malayan simpoh.

Alloburkillia replaces Burkillia as the name for a very rare leguminous.

shrub. Crudia sparei, the second climber in the genus, is described as new.

Dialium angustisepalum is reduced into D. patens. Fordia johorensis and

F. ngii are new species. Ormosia grandistipulata is a new rare endemic

species. Abarema kiahii, optimistically proposed, is sunk into Pithecellobium

globosum.

Ctenolophon grandifolius is reduced to C. parvifolius.

A new variety, Isonandra perakensis var. kelantanensis is described.

Palaquium impressinervium and P. regina-montium are new endemic

species.

At Kepong there has commenced a grand stock-taking of the

Malayan forests. This is taking the form of enumeration surveys

to prepare an inventory of the amount of timber and its nature

throughout the country, and a new Tree Flora of Malaya to

give an up to date definitive account of the species prior to their

full exploitation. The inventory data is being published as a

series of cyclostyled reports, one administrative district at a time.

The Tree Flora will appear as a Malayan Forest Record;

in it we aim to cover all families of trees with species which

grow larger than the timber-size of 3 ft (90 cm) girth, and to

replace the now old account by Ridley (The Flora of the Malaya

Peninsula, 1922-5) with a new treatise firmly biassed towards

the forest and the living tree. It is a big project, and like all

floristic accounts, is bound to be imperfect. Firstly in a few

cases there is doubt whether a tree reaches timber-size, e.g.

Illiciaceae; so the total of 91 families to be encompassed is

very slightly arbitrary. Secondly we have not, as our boundaries

2 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

are Malaya and off shore islands, had opportunity to plumb all

nomenclatural deeps lying in Malesia at large. We have, however,

taken care that the taxa we deal with are in our judgement

homogeneous, so that even if a few change rank or name at

least our concept should stand. In many cases our precursory

studies are inappropriate in the Flora itself, and so we promulgate

this series of taxonomic notes, echoing in the title a former series

leading to a former and now famous book on Malayan trees.

In that book Corner (Wayside Trees of Malaya, 1940. vol. 2)

adjured:

Malayan trees who cares to know,

Upon his shoulder sits a berok.

We at Kepong, however, work on-the basis that:

Malayan trees who cares to study,

Travels with him, an orang asili.

This first instalment of notes covers the families to be dealt

with in the first volume of the Tree Flora, which it is hoped to

publish in 1970. We thank Drs. A. J. H. G. Kostermans and

B. C. Stone for assistance with the latin descriptions. English

translations are not given of the latin, as they will be found

in the Flora.

Our observations are based on material at Kepong and Singapcre

herbaria.

I. Canarium, Burseraceae

K. M. Kochummen and T. C. Whitmore

‘Canarium reniforme Kochummen et Whitmore sp. nov.

Arbor inter C. caudatum et C. patentinervium quasi intermedia.

Arbor usque ad 18 m alta, circuiter 90 cm. Stipulae grandes

reniformes persistens, 15 X 10 mm, e ramulo productae. Foliola

5-9. Petioluli laterali 13-20 mm, petioluli terminali usque ad

35 mm. Lamina ovata ad elliptica, (3.5 x 1.5)-9.5 X 3.5—(13 X 9.5)

cm, rufeo-brunneo, rigide-coriacea, apice late acuminato, base

leviter asymmetrico: nervis utringue 7-10 marginem versus

arcuatis; reticulum vix prominens. Inflorescentia (fem. ignot.)

terminalia c. 25 cm longa. Flores masculi parvissimi, 4 mm longi,

calyx extus puberulenti intus glabri 5 mm longo apice trifido:

petalis 3 oblongis 3 X 1.5 mm carnosis extus in parte mediani

aureo-pubescentis, staminis 3 filamentis 3 mm _ longis antheris

1.3 mm _ longis, margine disci insertis, discus globosus in

pseudostylo attenuato. Fructus ellipsoideus 5 x 3.8 cm, calyce

cupuliformis planis 1 cm diam. Pyrena rugosa, obtuse triangulata.

operculi c. 3 mm crassi. Semen unicum, loculis fertilibus seminibus

unicum, loculis 2 reductus.

MALAYA, PERAK: coastal hill forest in the Dindings.

Lumut F.R. FRI 978, 979; Pangkor Island KEP 99923 (holotype

KEP), 99926, FRI 3060, 3094, 3096; Telok Kopia F.R. FRI 3104.

Auctores — Malayan Phanerogams 3

C. reniforme is a_ sparsely branched undergrowth tree,

intermediate between C. caudatum and C. patentinervium and

significantly different from both. The epithet refers to the biz

persistent reniform stipules.

In its leaves and large fruits C. reniforme has a_ strong

resemblance to C. patentinervium which however has 6 stamens

in the male flowers, small caducous stipules and a smooth fruit

kernel.

The presence of 3 stamens and persistent stipules gives a

resemblance to C. caudatum f. caudatum but that differs in size:

and shape of stipules, shape of the leaflets, smooth fruit kernel

and glabrous flowers.

Leenhouts in his monograph (Blumea 9, 1959, 346) notes that

C. caudatum f. caudatum and C. patentinervium closely resemble

each other especially in Malaya. The latter is a very common

species.

We have seen most of the material cited by him and a lot of

more recent collections he did not see, and find the two species.

are quite distinct (see the forthcoming Tree Flora). There are

no intermediate collections except one (KEP 97757) which differs.

from C. caudatum in having 4 not 3 stamens in the male flowers.

Because, even here in Malaya where the two species are closest,

they yet remain distinct without intermediates we feel confident

that in describing C. reniforme we are presenting a new species,

not a member of a hybrid swarm, or of a population of inter-

mediates; we do not think that ultimately this group will be:

reducable to one broad, polymorphic species.

II. Dillenia

K. M. Kochummen and T. C. Whitmore

Dillenia grandifolia Wall. ex Hk. f. et Thoms, Wall. Cat. 1828.

946, nomen nudum. FI. Ind. 1 (1855) 71.

D. eximia Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. Suppl. (1860) 620 syn. nov.

D. grandifolia is based on Wallich 946, leaves only, from

Convalescent Hill, Penang. Hoogland in his recent monograph

(Blumea 7, 1952, 134) points out that the collection comes from a

sapling or young tree and considers it may be juvenile D. ovata

or D. reticulata. He leaves D. grandifolia as a doubtful species.

We now reduce D. eximia to D. grandifolia, pace Hoogland,

because both species are identical in the long decurrent leaf base,

the minor venation, and the rather sparse harsh tomentum of

the leaf below. No other Malayan species has these features

together. Both D. ovata and D. reticulata by contrast have rounded

leaf bases and are softly velvety below. The shape of the leaf

base does not alter with age.

We base this decision on a study of collections from juvenile

and mature trees and of photographs at Kepong of Wallich 946.

We also thank Mr. Forman at Kew for kindly comparing leaf

fragments of KEP 98573 (D. eximia), KEP 94685 (D. ovata)

and KEP 100022 (D. reticulata) with the Wallichian type and

reporting on the tomentum.

4 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

II. Leguminosae

T. C. Whitmore

Alloburkillia Whitmore nom. nov.

Type Species — Alloburkillia alba (Ridley) Whitmore comb. nov.

Basionym — Burkillia Ridley Fl. Mal. Pen. 5 (1925) 304.

Type Species — Burkillia alba Ridley loc. cit.

Unfortunately the rare leguminous shrub Burkillia alba Ridley,

known only from the type collection Burkill 12493 (sphalm.

Burkill 12498 in Ridley loc. cit.), has to change its name as the

green algal genus Burkillia West & West was published earlier

in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 6 (1907) 228.

Crudia sparei Whitmore sp. nov.

Scandens. Rachis 2.5 cm, glabra. Foliola 2, ovata-elliptica

9 x 3-14 X 6 cm, subcoriaceae, infra leviter grisea vestita pilis

sparsis minutis adpressis, apice late acuminato, base cuneato;

nervis utrinque c. 8, reticulatio aequaliter manifesto. Racemi

25 cm porcati glabri. Flores aggregati, subsessili; calyx vix

pubescens, apicis loborum acuminatis rotundantis. Legumen

ignotum.

MALAYA, PERAK: S. Krian, SFN 34494 (holotype SING),

collected by G. H. Spare, a rubber planter.

This is the second climbing Crudia known. The distinctive

characters are all present in other Malayan species but differently

combined.

Dialium patens Baker Fl. Brit. Ind. 2 (1879) 270.

D. angustisepalum Ridley Kew Bull. (1929) 255 syn. nov.

Ridley based his species on Yusop 4123, he also cited Yeop

KEP 0846. He notes ‘(species) affine D. patenti Bak. sed sepalis

anguste lanceolatis acuminatis differt.. I have examined the

Kepong sheet of KEP 0846. Nearly all the flowers are old,

with the sepals wide spreading or refiexed; they are indeed

narrowly lanceolate but this is due to the fact that the margins

are curled inwards a little at the base, progressively more towards

the apex. The normal ovoid-oblong sepals of D. patens are present

on a few young flowers on the sheet which have the sepals still

covering the ovary. Two sheets of D. patens at Singapore

(Denny s.n. 2/X/53, KEP 15772) also have a few overmature

flowers with spreading incurled lanceolate sepals; the other

flowers on these specimens and all the many other flowering

collections at Kepong and Singapore have the normal sepals

of D. patens. Clearly D. angustifolium cannot be maintained as

a separate species.

Fordia johorensis Whitmore sp. nov.

Arbor parva usque ad 6 m alta. Rachis 12-20 cm. Foliola

11-17, ovata ad anguste-elliptica, parva c. 6.3 X 2.5 cm, griseo-

viridia, glabra, apice longo acuminato, base rotundo ad cuneato;

Auctores — Malayan Phanerogams 5

nervis utrinque 4-5; reticulum tenue densum a nervis subaequaliter

manifestum. Paniculi fasciculati in tuberculis lignosis in trunco

situato, 10-20 cm longi. Flores 7.5 mm longi, aggregati in

pedunculis 3 mm sparsis, pedicellis 3 mm gracillis; sepala et petala

alba fragrantissima. Legumen 7.5 x 2.5 cm.

A very common undergrowth treelet in parts of south Johore,

hence the name. Its occurrence also in northern Borneo is typical

of many Johore plants.

MALAYA, JOHORE: Bt. Tinjau Laut, SFN 37065 (holotype

SING); Ulu Sedili F.R. KEP 93144, KEP 94813: Kluang F.R.

KEP 98016.

BORNEO, SARAWAK: Marudi SAR 23291.

SABAH: Ranau SAN 33726.

Most closely similar to F. ophirensis Ridley against whose type

(and only collection) at Kew Mr. Forman has kindly compared

my description; he finds that the two taxa are clearly distinct.

Fordia lanceolata Ridley Flora 5 (Supplement) (1925) 304.

I unexpectedly had to take a party of student foresters into

the S. Lallang Virgin Jungle Reserve, Selangor on 19th January,

1968 after this paper had gone to press. It was even more

unexpected to find F. lanceolata gregarious on the hillside, and

in full fiower. The species was previously only known from a

single fruiting collection (Holttum 9775) from Senaling Inas F.R.

about 30 miles further south on the Main Range than S. Lallang

F.R. Here follows a full description of the inflorescence and

flower from fresh material of my collection FRI 4065S.

Racemes solitary in leaf axils, to 9 cm long, stout, finely

distantly hairy. Peduncles in a close spiral; subtended by a tiny

(0.8 mm) brown bract; whitish-green, swollen, like a tiny Morinda

fruit, 2 X 1 mm; closely covered with flower buds; only 1-2

flowers opening, others aborting to leave prominent scars. Open

flowers 9 mm long, slightly fragrant. Pedicel 0.5 mm. Calyx

whitish green, tubular, truncate, sometimes margin undulate,

with sparse, short, white hairs outside, 3 mm long. Petals all

clawed, white; standard 7 mm long with 1 mm claw; wings 6 mm

long, linear, with 1 mm claw, spreading in open flower; keel

3 mm deep, base hastate, claws free, 2 mm. joining blade at

centre line; stamens and carpel 9 mm long.

Fordia ngii Whitmore sp. nov.

Arbor parva 4 m alta. Rachis 10-14 cm longa. Foliola 3.

Petiolulus crassus ater 8 mm. Lamina oblonga — elliptica ad

elliptica usque ad 17x6 cm subcoriacea glabra griseo-viridia,

acumine 3 cm, base cuneato ad late rotundato; nervis utrinque

5-6 valde arcuatis, infra valde prominentis. Racemi ex axillis

et ramunculis producti usque ad 4 cm longis subtiliter aureo-

velutini. Flores aggregata in pedunculis crassis 10 mm _ longis.

Pedicelli 4 mm gracilli. Flores 15 mm longi, tubus calycis 3-4 mm

longis oblongus leviter gibbosus parte basalis contractus 1 mm

longus, lobi 4, 2 X 1 mm, extus aureo-sericeus; petala alba

aequales, unguiculati, carina interdum abest. Legumen ignotum.

6 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

MALAYA, JOHORE: S. Kayu SFN 32042 (holotype SING);

Lenggor F.R. KEP 99069.

Distinctive in its trifoliate leaves and stout, distinctly lobed

‘calyx from all other Fordia species. The type collection has open

flowers all without a keel, the other collection has flowers in bud,

some keeled some not.

Named for F. S. P. Ng, Forest Botanist, Kepong.

Ormosia grandistipulata Whitmore sp. nov.

Arbor parva 4 m alta. Stipulae oblongae late acutae, 2.5 x 1.3

cm persistens. Rachis 25 cm. Foliola 11, ovata, c. 11 X 8 cm

subcoriacea glabra breviter acuminata base rotundato. Flores

ignotis. Legumines (immaturi) aurantiaca nitida glabra c. 5 X 3 cm

rigida coriacea. Semen unicum rubrum 14 X 9 mm.

MALAYA, TRENGGANU: Mile 103 K. Trengganu-Besut Rd.

‘SSFN 40851 (holotype at SING !; K, L).

Although the flowers remain unknown this is a distinctive species

in its small stature, big persistent stipules and leathery oblong pods.

‘The leaflets resemble O. polita Prain.

Exploration of Trengganu, above all other Malayan States,

‘continues to reveal novelties, this is one amongst many, and

the interior still remains terra botanica incognita.

Pithecellobium sensu lato

Pithecellobium globosum (BI.) Kosterm. Reinw. 3 (1954) 11.

Pithecellobium affine Baker ex Benth. auctt. Abarema globosa

(Bl.) Kosterm. Bull. Sci. Res. Indonesia 20 (1954) 37. Abarema

kiahii Kosterm. syn. nov. Djawatan Kehutanan Indonesia.

Bagian Planologi Kehutanan, Additional Notes on Mimosaceae

etc, ((1956)05.

The Singapore isotype of Abarema kiahii, known from only

one collection, Sinclair & Kiah SFN 40940, is in fruit. All the

Singapore and Kepong sheets of P. giobosum are in flower. The

‘two species are identical in vegetative morphology on these sheets

and moreover the descriptions by Kostermans (//. cc.) of the

missing fertile parts are the same, almost word for word. It

appears that A. kiahii was ‘optimistically proposed’ and |

‘therefore make this reduction.

IV. Ctenolophon, Linaceae

P. F,. Cockburn

‘Ctenolophon parvifolius Oliver Trans. Linn. Soc. Bot. (Lond.) 28

(1873) 516, t. 43.

Ctenolophon grandifolius Oliver loc. cit. syn. nov.

Oliver distinguishes these two species based respectively on

Kew distrib. 382 Maingay (C. parvifolius) and Kew distrib.

383 Maingay (C. grandifolius) on the length of the ovarian cavity,

the cavity in the former being longer than that in the latter,

Auctores — Malayan Phanerogams gs

where it only occupies base of the ovary. Beccari, Malesia 1

(1877) 119, distinguishes the species on the colour of the

branches, which are much darker and with a fine scurf on

the young twigs in C. parvifolius. Kings Materials (J. As. Soc.

Beng. 64 1895, 106, adds size difference and the colour of the

tomentum on the inflorescence. Ridley in Flora 1 (1922) 423

uses size of leaf and flower, colour of tomentum, and the more

stout spreading branches of the panicle in C. grandifolius, but

suggests that it may only be a variety of C. parvifolius.

From numerous collections at Kepong, six of which have

mature flowers, I can find no important difference in the length

of the ovarian cavity. Of Beccari’s characters I find that young

twigs of all specimens have a fine scurf. In KEP 9765 there is

variation in the colour of the tomentum within the inflorescence

from ‘rusty’, to ‘pale’, In FRI 0177 the flowers are small, but

the leaves rather long (11.5 cm). In KEP 9765 there is variation

in flower size within a single inflorescence. Leaf size variation

is great, 3.5-23 cm, and gradual.

I find no reason why these two should hold specific status,

nor from the gradual variation can a variety be established.

I have therefore reduced C. grandifolius to a synonym C. parvifolius

bearing in mind that Bullock (Kew Bull. 14, 1960, 41) has selected

the latter as basionym for the genus Ctenolophon.

I would like to thank Mr. Forman at Kew for observations

on the type specimens.

V. Sapotaceae

Bo Pil iNe

isonandra perakensis King et Gamble, var. kelantanensis Ng

var. nov.

A varietas typica differt foliis glabris obtusis. Fructus ignotus.

MALAYA, KELANTAN: Gua Jaya at Kuala Jenera, Sg.

Nenggeri, FRI 4248 (holotype KEP). On summit of limestone hill.

Possibly a new species but as only one collection is known,

I hesitate to describe it as such. It is known only from Kelantan

whereas the var. perakensis is restricted to Perak.

Palaquium impressionervium Ne sp. nov.

Arbor magna usque ad 45 m alta, circuiter 3.6 m. Stipulae

binatae mox caducae. Petiolus 7-20 mm, gracilis, supra plerumque

aplanatus canaliculatusque. Lamina chartacea, glabra, elliptica ad

obovata, 5 x 2-15 x 5.3 cm, apice plerumque acuminato, base

cuneato, costis supra anguste canaliculatis, nerviis secundariis

supra saepe impressis utrinque 11-16 in nervium intramarginalem

obscuram arcuatim conjunctis, tertiariis reticulatis ad parallelo-

reticulatis supra saepe impressis. Inflorescentiae fasciculatae

8 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 1 Palaquium impressinervium Ng

A: Flowering twig, after Haniff & Nur 2726 (Type).

B: Twig with young fruits, after FRI 6189.

C & D: Mature fruit and seed, after KEP 10449.

E — H: Bud, open flower, part of corolla with stamens, pistil,

after Haniff & Nur 2726.

Auctores — Malayan P haneroganis 9

‘axillaris c. 6—floriferae. Flores c. 7 mm diam.; pedicellis 12-20 mm

longis sepalis 6 biseriatim triangularibus c. 3 X 2 mm, corolla

6-lobato c. 7 mm longo, staminibus 12, ovario ovoideo, stylo

c. 8 mm longo. Fructus oblongus c. 30 X 17 mm. Semen unicum

oblongum c. 25 X 12 mm, hilo subaequilongis, semen tertia parte

obtectus. Albumen nullum. Cotyledones carnosae.

MALAYA, KEDAH, KELANTAN, PERAK, PAHANG,

NEGRI SEMBILAN, JOHORE. The following fertile specimens

are all from Perak: KEP 10449, 10828, 39067, 39069, 45182,

45191, 76729, 110752, 110754; numerous sterile specimens have

been collected from the states listed above.

SIAM, Kopah Ban Kiap (B. Tinggi): SFN 2726 (holotype KEP).

Common big trees in Upper Perak and Kedah, known to the

aborigines as ‘surin’, represented by a large number of collections,

mostly sterile, in the Kepong herbarium. KEP 10449 was mis-

identified by Lam (Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. sér 3, 7, 1927, 479)

-as Mimusops elengi L. Two other specimens (sterile), KEP 10414,

KEP 10415, were also misidentified by him (loc. cit. 425), as

Ganua motleyana Pierre var. glabrescens Lam. Probably influenced

by the latter, Wyatt-Smith (Research Pamphlet 4, 1954, 12)

considered this an undescribed species of Ganua though he

annotated on one specimen (KEP 45182) that with 6 instead of 4

sepals, this could not possibly be a Ganua. Neither can it be

-Payena nor Madhuca, which also have 4 sepals. It was van Royen

who first came to the conclusion (annotated on KEP 10828)

that this was probably a new species of Palaquium. The difficulty

in identifying these specimens was due to the fact that the

Malayan collections have either very young flower-buds, or old

fruits, or are sterile. To date, the only collection with mature

flowers is the holotype cited above, which unfortunately was not

seen by Lam or van Royen.

The species is distinct by its small to medium sized papery

more or less elliptic leaves with midrib always, and secondary/

tertiary nerves usually, sunken on the uppersurface.

Palaquium regina-montium Ng sp. nov.

Arbor usque ad 30 m alta, circuiter 2.4 m. Stipulae binatae

minutae mox caducae, Petiolus 15-40 mm, supra leviter aplanatus.

Lamina coriacea, bullata, supra glabra, subtus cupreo-velutina,

-obovata interdum elliptica, 5.3 x 2.5-13 x 7.3 cm, apice rotundato

acuto vel leviter acuminato, base cuneato, nerviis secundariis

utrinque 4-8, tertiariis transversis obscuris. Inflorescentiae

fasciculatae, 1—-6—floriferae, axillaris (sed folius interdum delapsis).

Flores c. 5 mm diam. pedicellis usque ad 13 mm longis, sepalis 6

biseriatim ovatis c. 4 X 3 mm, corolla 6—-lobato, ad 5 mm longo,

staminibus 11-12, ovario conico apice in stylo breve attenuato.

Fructus obovoideus c. 25 X 13 mm glabrescens. Semen unicum

-obovoideum 20 X 8X6 mm, hilum anguste lineare semine

-aequilongis. Albumen crassum. Cotyledones tenues.

Fig. 2. Palaquium regina— montium Ng

A: Flowering twig, after KEP 78841 (Type).

B: Fruiting twig, after FRI 5818.

C — E: Bud, corolla with stamens, pistil, after FRI 3894.

F: Seeds, after FRI 5818.

Auctores — Malayan Phanerogams 1]

MALAYA, PERAK, SELANGOR, PAHANG: on G. Tahan,

‘G. Benom, and along the main range at Slim Hills, Fraser’s Hill,

B. Tunggul, G. Ulu Kali, G. Bunga Buah, and G. Mengkuang.

Representative fertile collections are KEP 78841 (holotype KEP,

from G. Mengkuang), FRI 1990, 2310, 3185, 5585, 5710, 5818.

This beautiful large tree, previously misidentified as the Sarawak

P. cryptocariifolium van Royen, is found on the mountains at

1000-1830 m, where it often occurs gregariously and is easily

recognised by its coppery crown and bullate leaves with few

nerves and velvety undersurface.

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Flora Malesianae Precursores XLVIII

A revision of Malesian Labiatae

HSUAN KENG

Department of Botany

University of Singapore

I. INTRODUCTION

Taxonomic accounts on the Labiatae from various parts of

Malesia had been prepared by several authors such as Blume

(Java), Miquel (Malay Islands), Prain (Malay Peninsula), Merrill

(the Philippines), Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. (Java)

and others. The present revision is an attempt to cover the whole

Malesian region. It is mainly based on the materials accumulated

in several leading herbaria. In some cases, as expected, a number

of binomials proposed by different authors from separate geogra-

phical regions proved to be conspecific. Besides, some authors had

a narrow concept of species; a number of species described by

them, naturally has to be reduced either into the status of variety

or form, or merely as synonyms. There are, however, some

disturbing and puzzling problems that still remain to be solved.

The main part of this work was completed while I was on

my study leave between November 1962 and May 1963. I am grate-

ful to the authorities of the University of Singapore for granting the

leave; to Prof. C.G.G.J. van Steenis, Director, Rijksherbarium,

Leiden, and Sir George Taylor, Director, Royal Botanic Gardens,

Kew, for the facilities generously afforded me while working in

their respective institutions; and to the authorities of several other

institutions to which I only paid very brief visit during the leave.

My special thanks are due to Mr. H.M. Burkill, Director, Singa-

pore Botanic Gardens, for the library and herbarium facilities

kindly provided; to Dr. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. and Prof.

C.G.G.J. van Steenis of the Rijksherbarium, Leiden for going

through the manuscript and for their numerous suggestions; and

to many individuals who have kindly helped me in different ways:

W.L. Chew (Singapore), L.L. Forman (Kew), R.E. Holttum (Kew),

Ding Hou (Leiden), C.E. Hubbard (Kew), M. Jacobs (Leiden),

J.H. Kern (Leiden), P. Leenhouts (Leiden), G. Lim (Singapore),

W.T. Stearn (London), E.H. Walker (Washington, D.C.), R. Weibel

(Geneva) and others. I also like to thank Mr. H.P. Chay, who

typed the entire manuscript. Lastly, I would like to pay deserved

tribute to my wife, Ro-siu Ling Keng for arranging the data of

specimens which I have examined and copied and for her constant

encouragement.

14 | Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Il. LABIATAE

Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 822; Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1832-36)* 1, in

DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 27, in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876)

1161; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858-59)} 881; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

4 (1885) 604; Brig. in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 3a

(1897) 183; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) ext. no. 699

(in King & Gambl. Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen.); Koord. Exk. Fl. Jav. 3

(1912) 139; Merr., Enum. Born. Pl. (1921) 519, Enum. Philip. FI.

Pl. 3 (1923) 408; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 642, 5 (1925) 326;

Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agr. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 37 (Lab.

Sino-Jap. Prod.); Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 376; Mukerj. in

Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14 (1940) 1 (Rev. Lab. Ind. Emp.); Back.

& Bakh. f. Fl. Java, 2 (1965) 617.

Herbs, sometimes subshrubs or shrubs, glabrous, glabrescent or

pubescent, usually aromatic; stem and branches usually 4-angled.

Leaves mostly simple, opposite or sometimes whorled; exstipulate.

Flowers mostly zygomorphic, axillary, in pairs, or in fascicled

cymes which by union of two units form false whorls (or verticil-

lasters) and, in many cases, agglomerate into spurious spicate,

racemose, capitate or paniculate inflorescences. Calyx persistent,

usually accrescent in friut, nearly regular or unequally 4—5-toothed,

tubular or 2-lipped. Corolla tube long or short, sometimes annulate

within, the limb 5-, rarely 4-lobed, mostly 2-lipped and personate,

the lobes always imbricate in bud. Stamens usually epicorolline,

‘4 and didynamous, sometimes the upper (or posterior) pair

imperfect, rarely, the lower (or anterior) pair degenerated instead

(as in Mosla); anthers linear, ovoid or rounded, the locules parallel

or divaricate, sometimes confluent or rarely dimidiate (as in

Anisomeles) or disjoined by a slender connective (as in Salvia).

Ovary superior, composed of 2 carpels each is 2-loculed by

intrusion of ovary wall: style simple, sub-terminal, or mostly

gynobasic; stigma usually 2-fid, the arms often unequal; ovules

in each ovary-locule solitary, anatropous. Fruit of 4 dry or rarely

fleshy (as in Gomphostemma), 1-seeded nutlets, sometimes one or

more of these abortive, enclosed within persistent calyx; scar of

attachment usually basal, small, sometimes lateral or sublateral

and large. Seed small, erect or more or less transverse (as in

Scutellaria), with very scanty or more commonly without endo-

sperm.

* pp. 1-60, 1832; 61-322, 1833: 323-644, 1834; 645-783, 1835; i-lixviii,

1836 (cf. F. A. Stafleu, Literature (1967> p. 27).

Tt pp. 881-960, 1858: 961-1112. 1859 (cf. Wan Steenis-Kruseman &

Stearn, in Fl. Mal. 1, 4 (1954) p. ccii).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 15

The family is predominantly a temperate one, composed of

about 200 genera and 3200 species (vide Lawrence, Tax. Vas. PI.

1951), of cosmopolitan distribution. About 32 genera and 85 species

are native to or are more or less naturalized in Malesian region

(including Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands.,,

Borneo, the Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas and New Guinea).

Species of several other genera, such as Cedronella, Leonotis,

Lavandula, Majorana, Marsypianthes, Nepeta, Pycnostachys,

Rosmarinus, Thymus, etc. (cf. Back. & Bakh., f. Fl. Jav. 2, 1965)

are occasionally cultivated.

Il. CLASSIFICATION

Two major schemes of classification on the Labiatae have been

proposed. One is Bentham’s (in DC, Prodr. vol. 12, 1848, and in

Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. vol. 2, pt. 2, 1876) in which 6 tribes

were established. Another one is Briquet’s (in Engler & Prantl.

Pflanzenfam. IV, 3a, 1897) in which 8 sub-families were recognized.

Since the latter is an improved version of the former, therefore it is

adopted in this treatment.

The 32 Malesian genera are classified under 5 subfamilies as

follows. (Based on Briquet, 1897)

A. Style not gynobasic; nutlets with lateral-ventral attachment, the

usually large surface of contact often more than half the height

of the ovary (seed without endosperm).

Subfamily 1. Ajugoideae

A. Style gynobasic; nutlets with basal attachment and small surface

of contact.

B. Nutlets drupaceous with fleshy or strongly thickened

exocarp and hard crustaceous endocarp.

Subfamily 2. Prasioideae

B. Nutlets with dry and often thin pericarp.

C. Seeds more or less transverse; embryo with a bent

radicle lying on one cotyledon.

Subfamily 3. Scutellarioideae

C. Seeds erect; embryo with short straight superior radicle:

(disc-lobes when distinct alternate with ovary-lobes).

D. Stamens ascending or spreading and projecting

straight forwards. Subfamily 4. Stachyoideae

D. Stamens descending, lying upon or enclosed in the

lower lip. Subfamily 5. Ocimoideae

There are five Malesian genera which were mostly proposed

after the publication of Briquet’s monograph, and were not

included in it. Three of them can be easily assigned to the follow-

ing subfamilies.

Acrymia Prain (near Cymaria and Ajuga)...... Ajugoideae

Nosema Prain (near Mesona)...... Ocimoideae

Ceratanthus F. Muell. (near Plectranthus)...... Ocimoideae

16 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

The taxonomic positions of the remaining two genera, Eurysolen

Prain and Paraphlomis Prain, are rather debatable. Prain (1906)

tentatively classified Eurysolen under Prasioideae (as Prasieae).

Briquet (cited in Prain 1906) suggested it should belong to the

Ajugoideae. The latter view was accepted by Mukerjee (1940) and

Wu (1959). I find, however, its general habit, inflorescence and

flowers structures are almost indistinguishable from those of the

genus Achyrospermum, save some minute detailed flower charac-

‘ters and the more prominent surface of contact on the nutlets.

In the following key I assign Eurysolen under the Stachyoideae,

to which the genus Achyrospermum belongs.

Paraphlomis, on the other hand, is somewhat intermediate

between Prasioideae and Stachyoideae. The leathery pericarp

(although lacking a hard crustaceous endocarp) and the general

habit of this genus bear strong resemblance to Gomphostemma of

the Prasioideae. Yet the flower structures reveal its close affinities

‘with such genera as Phlomis, Pogostemon, etc. of the Stachyoideae.

In accordance with the previous authors, I assign it to the latter

‘group.

Keys to the 32 Malesian genera under 5 subfamilies are presented

‘below:

Subfamily 1. Ajugoideae

A. Corolla seemingly 1-lipped, i.e., the 2 lobes of upper lip

deeply divided, in association with 3 lobes of the lower lip bent

downward and forming a single piece; flowers in pairs (in

Malesian species) on spicate inflorescence.

32. Teucrium

A. Corolla 2-lipped, the upper lip entire or 2-fid, the lower 3-lobed.

B. Upper lip of corolla 2-fid, only half as long as the lower lip

or much shorter.

C. Herbs or undershrubs; stem woody; flowers in terminal

and axillary compound cymes, generally congested into

a large flat-topped panicoid clusters.

| | 3. Acrymia

C. Herbs; flowers in false whorls, axillary or in terminal

spicate inflorescence. 4. Ajuga

B. Upper lip of corolla entire or shallowly notched, arched,

slightly shorter than the lower lip; shrubs; flowers in

dichotomously branched cymes, the upper cymes often

congested into conical, panicoid clusters.

10. Cymaria

Subfamily 2. Prasioideae

4 genus: 14. Gomphostemma (large herbs or subshrubs; nutlet

drupaceous, usually fleshy and creamy white).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 17

Subfamily 3. Scutellarioideae

1 genus: 30. Scutellaria (calyx-tube with a large shield or pouch-

like appendage above the upper lip; two calyx-lips closed after

flowering, later the upper lip falling off together with the

appendage).

Subfamily 4. Stachyoideae

A. Stamens erect, divergent or spreading, but not ascending under

upper lip of corolla; corolla almost actinomorphic; generally

not or less clearly 2-lipped.

B. Anthers rounded, the locules confluent into 1 locule and

becoming flat after dispersing pollen grains.

C. Corolla 4-lobed; stamens long exserted, the filaments

bearded.

D. False whorls glomerate in stout, lax, usually inter-

rupted simple or branched, spike-like inflorescence;

4 corolla-lobes subequal. the anterior one most

prominent. 28. Pogostemon

D. False whorls aggregated in slender, dense con-

tinuous. spike-like inflorescence; 4 corolla-lobes

subequal. 11. Dysophylla

C. Corolla 4- or 5-lobed; stamens barely exserted, the

filaments glabrous; false whorls aggregated in slender or

stout, terete or secund spike-like inflorescence.

12. Elsholtzia

B. Anthers 2-loculate, the locules parallel or divericate, never

turn flat after dispersing pollen grains.

C. Calyx tubular, almost actinomorphic; stamens 4, the

anther-locules parallel; false whorls axillary (in Male-

sian species) 19. Mentha

C. Calyx 2-lipped; functional stamens 2, the anther-locules

divericate; false whorls 2-flowered, secund, in raceme-

like inflorescence. 22. Mosla

A. Stamens ascending under the upper lip of corolla; corolla

always 2-lipped.

B. Anther-locules linear, solitary or separated by a filiform

connective; stamens 2; upper lip of corolla often concave.

29. Salvia

B. Anther-locules rounded or ovoid; stamens 4.

C. Upper lip of corolla generally shorter, nearly flat,

glabrous or pubescent. '

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

D. Anthers reniform, with 2 more or less divaricate

anther locules. .

E. Calyx-tube more or less gibbous at the base, the

nerves prominent, the upper lip sharply 3-tooth-

ed: corolla-tube nearly straight.

7. Calamintha

E. Calyx-tube straight, the nerves less prominent, the

upper lip shallowly 3-toothed: corolla-tube long

and recurved. 18. Melissa

D. Anthers ovoid, with 2 parallel anther locules.

E. Anthers uniform; anther-locules confluent: nut-

lets papillate, hispid or scaly.

Calyx tubular, nearly actinomorphic; corolla

gibbous in front above the annulus; nutlets

papilose-glandulate.

13. Eurysolen

Calyx campanulate, more or less 2-lipped;

corolla neither gibbous nor annulate; nutlets

hispid and scaly.

, 1. Achyrospermum

E. Anthers dimorphic, locules of the anterior

longer pair dimidiate, 1-loculate, of the posterior

shorter pair 2-loculate; nutlets smooth.

5. Anisomeles

C. Upper lip of corolla generally hooded, villous.

D. Calyx 8-10-toothed: upper lip of corolla short, hairy;

lower lip very large. 17. Leucas

D. Calyx 5-spinous or 5-toothed.

E. Calyx 5-spinous; anther-locules parallel; leaves

deeply incised. 16. Leonurus

E. Calyx 5-toothed; leaves entire or serrate, not

incised.

F. Anther-locules divaricate when young, at

length confluent; filaments hirsute; lower lip

of corolla 3-lobed, the mid-lobe the narrowest.

21. Microtoena

Anther-locules divaricate, not confluent;

filaments glabrous.

G. Herbs; calyx teeth unequal; lower lip of

corolla 3-lobed, the mid-lobe the broadest.

31. Stachys

G. Subshrubs; calyx teeth nearly equal;

lower lip of corolla 3-lobed, nearly equal.

26. Paraphlomis

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 19

Subfamily 5. Ocimoideae

A. Lower lip of corolla comparatively short (usually not much

longer than the upper), the mid-lobe thick-edged, recurved,

sometimes saccate at the base; calyx subequally 5-toothed.

1S. Hyptis

A. Lower lip of corolla usually longer; calyx-teeth often very

unequal, the limb mostly 2-lipped.

B. Lower lip of corolla concave or boat-shaped, constricted at

the base.

C. Filaments free beyond the points of insertion on corolla-

tube.

D. Corolla-tube with a prominent posterior spur at the

base; lower calyx-lip subtruncate.

8. Ceratanthus

D. Corolla-tube straight or only gibbous at the base, not

spurred; low calyx-lip 2-toothed.

27. Plectranthus

C. Filaments connate at the base in a sheath around the

9. Coleus

B. Lower lip of corolla patent, flat or slightly concave, broad-

based.

C. Lower lip of fruiting calyx seemingly 4-toothed (i.e. 2

lateral calyx teeth associated with the 2 lower ones and

forming a 4-toothed piece); filaments included in corolla.

D. False whorls in terminal or axillary globose or ovoid

heads or cylindric dense spikes; corolla subequally

5-lobed. 2. Acrocephalus

D. False whorls in axillary and terminal spurious

racemes; corolla-limb 2-lipped.

6. Basilicum

C. Lower lip of the fruiting calyx nearly entire or 2-tooth-

ed; filaments exserted.

D. Lower lip of the fruiting calyx nearly entire.

E. Two lips of fruiting calyx subequal in length, the

tube deeply pitted by the presence of elevated

cross veins between the main veins.

20. Mesona

E. Upper lip of the fruiting calyx subentire; lower

lip very short, the tube not pitted between the

23. Nosema

D. Lower lip of the fruiting calyx sharply 2-toothed.

E. Corolla-tube very short, not or slightly exserted:

stigma 2-fid. 24. Ocimum

E. Corolla-tube long, usually far exserted; stigma

capitate or clavate, entire or subentire. ,

25. Orthosiphon

10.

11.

13.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

IV. LIST OF GENERA AND SPECIES FOUND

IN MALESIA

. Achyrospermum Blume (Stachyoideae)

a. Achyrospermum densiflorum Bl.

. Acrocephalus Benth. (Ocimoideae)

a. Acrocephalus indicus O. Kuntz. (with 1 form)

. Acrymia Prain (Ajugoideae)

a. Acrymia ajugifiora Prain

. Ajuga Linn. (Ajugoideae)

a. Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth.

. Anisomeles R. Br. (Stachyoideae) |

a. Anisomeles indica O. Kuntz.

b. A salviaefolia R. Br.

c. A. malabarica R. Br. ex Sims

. Basilicum Moench (Ocimoideae)

a. Basilicum polystachyon Moench

. Calamintha Mill. (Stachyoideae)

a. Calamintha gracilis Benth.

b. C. umbrosa Benth. (with 1 variety)

. Ceratanthus F. Muell. ex G. Taylor (Ocimoideae)

a. Ceratanthus longicornis G. Taylor

. Coleus Lour. (Ocimoideae)

a. Coleus amboinicus Lour.

b. C. scutellarioides Benth. (with 4 varieties)

c. C. macranthus Mert.

d. C. spariflorus Elmer

e. C. galeatus Benth. (with 1 variety)

Cymaria Benth. (Ajugoideae)

a. Cymaria acuminata Decne.

b. C. dichotoma Benth.

Dysophylla Blume (Stachyoideae)

a. Dysophylla auriculata Blume

b. D. stellata Benth. (with 1 variety)

. Elsholtzia Willd. (Stachyoideae)

a. Elsholtzia blanda Benth.

b. E. elata Zoll. & Mor.

c. E. pubescens Benth.

Eurysolen Prain (Stachyoideae)

a. Eurysolen gracilis Prain (New distribution)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 21

14. Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth. (Prasioideae)

a. Gomphostemma racemosum Van Steenis ex H. Keng

(New species)

. G. microcalyx Prain

. G. parviflorum Wall. ex Benth.

. G. crinitum Wall. ex Benth.

. G. hemsleyanum Prain ex Coll. & Hemsl.

. G. curtisii Prain

. G. javanicum Benth.

h. G. scortechinii Prain

0S ES ao. So. «He Ce

15. Hyptis Jacq. (Ocimoideae)

a. Hyptis brevipes Poit.

b. H. rhomboidea Mart. & Gal.

c. H. spicigera Lamk.

d. H. pectinata Poit.

e. H. suaveolens Poit.

16. Leonurus Linn. (Stachyoideae)

a. Leonurus sibiricus Linn.

17. Leucas R. Br. (Stachyoideae)

a. Leucas aspera Link.

b. L. zeylanica R. Br.

c. L. lavandulifolia Sm.

d. L. javanica Benth.

e. L. mollissima Wall. ex Benth.

f. L. flaccida R. Br.

18. Melissa Linn. (Stachyoideae)

a. Melissa axillaris Bakh. f.

19. Mentha Linn. (Stachyoideae)

a. Mentha arvensis Linn. var. javanica Hook. f.

20. Mesona Blume (Ocimoideae)

a. Mesona palustris Bl.

b. M. philippinensis Mert.

21. Microtoena Prain (Stachyoideae)

a. Microtoena insuavis Prain ex Briq.

22. Mosla Buch.-Ham. ex Maxim. (Stachyoideae)

a. Mosla dianthera Maxim.

b. M. formosana Maxim.

23. Nosema Prain (Ocimoideae)

a. Nosema clausa (Merr.) H. Keng (New combination)

b. N. cochinchinense Merr. (New distribution)

22 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

24. Ocimum Linn. (Ocimoideae)

a. Ocimum americanum Linn.

b. O. basilicum Linn.

c. O. gratissimum Linn.

d. O. sanctum Linn.

25. Orthosiphon Benth. (Ocimoideae)

a. Orthosiphon aristatus Miq.

b. O. thymiflorus v.d. Sleesen

26. Paraphlomis Prain (Stachyoideae)

a. Paraphlomis javanica Prain

b. P. oblongifolia Prain

27. Plectranthus L’Hérit. (Ocimoideae)

a. Plectranthus javanicus Benth.

b. P. teysmanni Miq.

c. P. petraeus Backer ex Adelb.

d. P. steenisii H. Keng (New species)

e. P. apoensis (Elmer) H. Keng (New combination)

f. P. congestus R. Br.

g. P. parviflorus Willd.

h. P. klossii S.M. Moore

28. Pogostemon Desf. (Stachyoideae)

a. Pogostemon heyeanus Benth.

b. P. tomentosus Hassk.

c. P. cablin Benth.

d. P. reticulatus Merr.

e. P. philippinensis S.M. Moore

f. P. menthoides Bl.

g. P. velatus Benth.

29. Salvia Linn. (Stachyoideae)

a. Salvia scapiformis Hance

b. S. plebeia R. Br.

c. S. coccinea Juss. ex Murr. var. Pseudo-coccinea Back.

30. Scutellaria Linn. (Scutellarioideae)

a. Scutellaria discolor Wall. ex Benth. (with 1 variety)

b. S. indica Linn.

c. §. javanica Jungh. (with 3 varieties)

31. Stachys Linn. (Stachyoideae)

a. Stachys melissaefolia Benth.

32. Teucrium Linn. (Ajugoideae)

a. Teucrium quadrifarium Buch.-Ham.

b. T. viscidum Bl.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 23

V. TAXONOMIC TREATMENT

1. ACHYROSPERMUM BL.

Achyrospermum Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 840; Benth. in Benth. &

Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1208: Briq. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4,

3a (1897) 268.

Undershrubs or herbs. Stems and branches terete, obscurely

4-angled, pubescent. False-whorls few-flowered, usually forming

terminal, spike-like inflorescence. Calyx 10-nerved, tubular-cam-

panulate, 5-toothed, +2-lipped, the upper lip slightly longer.

Corolla slender, 2-lipped, the upper (or posterior) lip short, erect,

notched; the lower (or anterior) 3-lobed, the mid-lobe often con-

cave. Stamens 4, ascending, in 2 pairs, the lower (or anterior) pair

longer: anthers 2-loculate, the locules parallel. Styles briefly 2-fid.

Nutlets scaly and chaffy on the ventral surface and on the

top, rough and pubescent on the dorsal surfaces.

Over 10 species, from tropical E. Africa, Madagascar and

Seychelles through Indo-Himalaya to Malesia; | in Malesia.

1. Achyrospermum densiflorum Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 840; Benth. in

DC, Prodr. 12 (1848) 458: Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 989; Hook.

f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 673, in nota: Merr. Enum. Philip. FI.

Pl. 3 (1923) 412: Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 624.

Achyrospermum phlomoides BI. |.c. 841; Mig. lc. 990. syn. nov.

Achyrospermum philippinense Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848)

458; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 990: Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc.

Filip. (1886) 214.

A herb, suberect, 30-60 cm high. Stems and branches pubescent.

Leaves thin membranaceous, narrowly elliptic or ovate. 6-8 cm

long, 2.5-4 cm wide, acute, or broadly acute, the base cuneate or

attenuate, hirsute or pilose on both surfaces, the margins serrate or

crenate-dentate. False-whorls always forming terminal, spike-like

inflorescence, 4-6 (or more) cm long: bracts broadly ovate or

spathulate, 6-8 mm long, pilose and ciliate. Calyx campanulate,

6-8 (in fruit 8-10) mm long, more or less 2-lipped, the upper lip

2-toothed, slightly longer than the lower lip, the teeth straight (in

fruit often slightly recurved), obtuse or rounded at the apex.

Corolla 3-4 mm exceeding the calyx, the upper lip erect, the

lower lip much longer than the upper one, straight or decurved.

Stamens in 2 pairs, the lower pair longer, exserted. Nutlets obtusely

trigonous, 1.2 mm long 0.5 mm wide, scaly and chaffy on the

ventral surfaces and the top, rough and pubescent on the dorsal

surface.

Type: “Circa Linga Jattie Prov. Cheribon” (Blume) (not seen).

Distribution: Malesia (Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Isls. and the

Philippines).

Ecoloy: In forests often along streams and in damp places at

low and medium altitudes from 500 to 1600 m.

24 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 1. Achyrospermum densiflorum BI.

a. flower; b. portion of upper corolla-lip with stamens and style;

c. ovary and nectary disc; d. fruiting calyx; e. bract; f. 4 nutlets;

g. nutlet in 2 views. (flower, Smith 880; fruit, Elmer 8709)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 25

Specimens examined :

Sumatra: Sungai Kumbang, alt. 1,500 m., Robinson & Kloss 106 (BM);:

Benkoelen, Kaba, Voogd 1367 (L).

Java: G. Kendeng, alt. 800 m., Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 2847 (L); Java,

Junghuhn 5 & 29 (K); Garoet, Danau Tjiharoes, Kamodjan, alt. 1,500 m.,

Docters Van Leeuwen 13288 (L); G. Toegoe near Tiampaka, alt. 1,000 m..,.

Smith s.n. June, 1923 (L); Batavia, Pondok Walanda, G. Kendeng, alt.

1,000-1,520 m., Steenis 12213 (L, Sing.); Tjadas Malang near Tjidadap,,.

alt. 1,000 m., Winckel 1181 (K,L); Tjadas Malang near Tjibeber, alt.

1,000 m., Winckel 1457 (L); Java, Zollinger 3476 (BM) (plant 10 cm. high).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, alt. 750-900 m., Elbert 863 (L); Lombok,.

alt. 1,250-1,600 m., Elbert 1779 (K,L); Lombok, alt. 200-400 m., Elbert

2448 (L); Lombok, G. Poenikan, Ernst s.n. March 1906 (L); Lombok,

Poesoeh Pass, Sembalong, alt. 1,300 m., Voogd 2083 (L, Sing.); West

Soembawa, alt. 500 m., Voogd 2564 (L).

Philippines: Leyte, Ormoc, Lake Danao, Edano 11988 (L); Leyte, Ormoc,

Mt. Janagdan, Edano 12075 (Sing.); Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8709

(K,L) (fils. pink); Mindanao, Davao, Todaya, Mt. Apo, Elmer 11699 (K,L);

Luzon, Benguet, Sablang, Fenix 12760 (L); Banquet, Loher 4212 & 6574

(K) (bract rosea, corolla roseo-lilac); Luzon, Laguna, Mabesa 25389 (L);.

Luzon, Laguna, Merrill 5101 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Ramos 2035 (L, Sing.);

Luzon, Benguet, Rio Trinidad, Ramos 5567 (L); Luzon, Cahayan,.

Penabalanca, Ramos 76766 (Sing.); Mt. Maquiling, Vidal s.n. March, 1886

(K) (Type of Achyrospermum philippinense Benth.).

Type specimen of A. phlomoides Bl. (“Sylvis altioribus humidis

montis Burangrang”) could not be traced. The only specimen in

the Leiden herbarium, collector unknown, with collection number

as 1437 (Herb. Lugd. Bat. No. 909-105, 231) bearing Blume’s

handwriting as Achyrospermum phlomoides is clearly a specimen

of A. densiflorum with underdeveloped terminal spicate

inflorescences.

2. ACROCEPHALUS BENTH.

Acrocephalus Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub. tt. 1282, 1300 (1829), in

Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1173; Brig. in E. & P. Pfi.

Fam. 4, 3a (1997) 36S.

Annual herbs. Stems and branches quadrangular. Leaves oppo-

site or falsely whorled by the presence of the leaves of under-

developed lateral branchlets. False whorls agglomerated into

terminal or axillary globose or ovoid spurious heads or cylindric

spurious spikes; bracts imbricate. Flowers very small, sessile,

Calyx ovoid (in fruit tubular), 7-nerved, the base slightly gibbous:

upper lip flat, entire; lower lip generally 4-toothed (in Malesian

species); throat naked. Corolla tube very short, subequally 5-lobed.

Stamens 4, declinate; filaments free, toothless, included; anthers

reniform, the locules confluent. Disk small, gibbous. Style 2-fid.

Nutlets minute, smooth or glandulate.

Species about 30, subtropical and tropical Asia (Malesia, E.

India to §. W. China) and Africa (and Madagascar). However, in

a recent monographic work, all the African species are segregated

26 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

into several independent genera (cf. Morton in Hutchinson &

Dalziel, Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2 (1963), p. 445). As a result, only 5-6

Asiatic species remain in the genus; 1 species with 1 form occurs

in Malesia.

1. Acrocephalus indicus (Burm. f.) O. Kuntz. Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891)

511; Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912) Bot. 101, Enum. Philip. FI.

Pl. 3 (1923) 421; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. Agr. Taihoku Imp.

Univ. 2 (1929) 109; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940)

29: Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 638.

Prunella indica Burm. f. Fl. Ind. (1768) 130.

Ocimum capitellatum Linn. f. Suppl. (1781) 276.

Ocimum capitatum Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. (1821) 276.

Ocimum acrocephalum Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 834.

Lumnitzera capitata Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 687.

Lumnitzera acrocephala Zipp. in Herb. Lugd. Bat. (Leiden).

Orignum benghalense (non Burm.) BI. Bijdr. (1826) 831.

Acrocephalus capitatus (Roth) Benth. Bot. Reg. sub. tt. 1282,

1300 (1829), in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 18, Lab. Gen. &

Sp. (1832) 23, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 47: Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

(1856) 941: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 611: Ridl. Fl. Mal.

Pen. 2 (1923) 644.

Acrocephalus blumei Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 23.

A slender annual herb, 15-50 cm high. Stems quadrangular.

glabrous, often branched from the base; branches often ascending.

Leaves elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, 2-5.5 cm long, 0.5—-1 cm

wide, acute, the base attenuate, the margins remotely serrate,

glabrous or glabrescent on both surfaces. Flowers in terminal and

upper axillary spurious heads, 5-15 mm across, subtended at the

base with 2 or several leafy bracts; flowering bracts suborbicular,

2-3 mm in diameter, shortly acuminate, each bract subtending

3-6 flowers. Calyx tubular, 2-2.5 mm (in fruit 4.5-5 mm) long,

pubescent externally, 2-lipped: upper lip entire, rounded: lower

lip with 4 lanceolate teeth, shorter than the upper lip. Corolla

tubular, 3 mm long, suberect, inconspicuously 2-lipped; upper lip

shortly 4-lobed, the lower lip entire, longer than the upper lip.

Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, epipetalous. Nutlets minute, oblong-ellipsoid,

0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, compressed, smooth.

Distribution: India, Thailand, Indo-China to S. China and

Malesia.

Ecology: In open sandy places or in grassland, sometimes

ascending to 1,200 m. altitude.

Vern. name: Sangketan rambat (Java: fide Koorders).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 27

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Sumatra, Jacoeb 6 (L); Sumatra Korthals s.n. (L) (several

collections); Karo, Kabandjahe, alt. 1,225 m., Lorzing 6197 (L); Habinsaran,

alt. 1,200-1,250 m., Lorzing 6549 (L); Karo, Kabandjahe, alt. 1,100 m.,.

Lorzing 13555 (L); Gajo, Loeas, Pringgo Atmodjo 102 (L) (“Beberteh’’).

Malay Peninsula: Pahang, Ridley s.n. 1891 (Sing.).

Java: Bantam, alt. 5 m., Backer 1493 (L); Bantam, alt. 200 m., Backer

9259 (L); Java, Blume 974 (L) (Lectotype of Ocimum acrocephalum B1.)

(Herb. Ludg. Bat. 904, 350-17) (several collections); Besoeki, Buwalda 7398

(L); Bawean, Dorgelo 82 (L); Java, Horsfield lab. 18 (K); Java, Junghuhn

48 & 52 (L) (several collections); Ngarengan, Koorders 33556 B (L); Java,

Kuhl & Hasselt s.n. (L); Java, Reinwardt s.n. (L); Indramajoe, Plosokerep,

alt. 25 m., Steenis 8202 (L): Java, Zollinger 106 (K); Madoera, Zollinger

Sm. i€L.);

Lesser Sunda Islands: W. Sumbawa, Mt. Batulante, alt. 500-700 m.,

Kostermans 18854 (L); N. Bali, Steenis 7740 (K); Bali, alt. 400-500 m.,.

Voogd 2446 (L).

Borneo: Bandjermassing, Motley 354 (K); Borneo, Nieuwenhuis &

Jaheri 36 (L).

Philippines: Mindanao, Zamboanga, alt. 400 m., Frake 361/82 (L); Luzon,

Tarlac, Merrill 3622 (K); Luzon Benguet, Merrill 4384 (K); Luzon,

Bulacan, Ramos 1986 (Sing.) & 1996 (L): Luzon, Rizal, Mt. Irig, Ramos

41970 (K, L, Sing.); Luzon Bontoc, Vanoverbergh 923 (Sing.);

Celebes: P. Muna, alt. 125 m., Elbert 2908 (L); P. Muna, alt. 75 m..,.

Elbert 2926 (L).

New Guinea: Papua, near Guruguru village, alt. 25 m., Hoogland’

4227 (L).

la. Acrocephalus indicus (Burm. f) O. Kuntz. f. spicatus (C. B.

Robinson) stat. nov.

Acrocephalus spicatus C. B. Rob. in Philip. J. Sc. 6 (1911) Bot.

356; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 421.

Acrocephalus dentatus C. B. Rob. in Herb. Kew.

This form is different from the species in the aggregation of

6-8 or more false whorls into a spurious spike which sometimes

reach a length of 3-4 cm long.

Type specimen: Santa Cruz, Davao, S. E. Mindanao, Williams

2954 (co-type, K).

Distribution: Malesia (Mindanao, the Philippines).

Ecology: In open, rather wet places at low and medium altitudes.

(fide Merrill.).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Mindanao, Bukidnan, Tanculan, Fenix 26/15 (BM,K);

Mindanao, Bukidnan, Maluko, Ramos & Edano 38460 (K) (Type of

Acrocephalus dentatus Rob.); Mindanao, Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams

2954 (K) (Type of Acrocephalus spicatus Rob.).

As the flower and fruit structures of this plant are indistinguish-

able from those of the species, and in rare cases, as in Ramos

41970 (K), a specimen collected from Mt. Irig, Rizal, Luzon in

Feb. 1923, both “capitate” and “spicate” inflorescences occur in a

same plant, therefore I reduce Robinson’s species as representing

a form of Acrosephalus indicus O. Kuntze.

28 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

{mm : \ ' \

f a ee ej =

Fig. 2. Acrocephalus indicus O. Kuntz. (a-g) and f. spicatus (h & i).

a diagram of the spurious head; b. flower; c. corolla expanded:

: e. fruiting calyx in 2 views; f. fruiting calyx, expanded;

g. nutlet; h. diagram of the cylindric inflorescence; i. flower. (a-g,

Motley 354, h & i, Ramos and Edano 38460)

*~ aoe SO NN &

Plate 1. Acrymia ajugiflora Prain, in Kanching Forest Reserve, Selangor,

Malay Peninsula.

“The flowers are white with a dark red throat, and they open about

One at a time on a cyme. The leaves are dark green with a velvetely

pile and pale view which makes them rather handsome .. . It is grow-

ing in company with Phyllagathis hirta and other forest floor melasto-

mataceous herbs, and with Didymocarpus, and at one spot right at

the foot of the quartz cliff with Argostemma pictum .. . It is

restricted to quite a narrow zone on the slope below the cliff, in an

area a few hundred yards square .

Photographed by J. A. Reid, June, 1953.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 29

3. ACRYMIA PRAIN

Acrymia Prain in Kew Bull, 1908 (1908) 114.

A herb or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Flowers

small, in terminal and axillary, many-flowered, pedunculate, com-

pound cymes. Calyx subcampanulate, 8-nerved, 5-toothed, the

teeth subequal; throat naked within. Corolla shortly exserted; tube

slightly enlarged upwards; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip suberect, or

recurved, 2-fid, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading, the midlobe

larger than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, exserted, in 2 pairs, the

upper pair slightly shorter; anthers reniform, 2-loculate, at length

confluent. Disk small, equal, entire. Style briefly 2-fid, the upper

branches very short. Nutlets obovoid, rugose and hirsute; scar

very large, lateral.

Monotypic, endemic to Malesia (Malay Peninsula: Perak,

Selangor).

1. Acrymia ajugiflora Prain in Kew Bull. 1908 (1908) 114, in

Hook. f. Icon. Pl. 30 (1911) t. 2946, in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74

(1908) 878; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 654.

A herb or undershrub. Stem woody, prostrate and rooting below,

densely leafy above. Leaves thin chartaceous, elliptic to broadly

elliptic, 15-20 cm long, 10-12 cm wide, obtuse, the base broadly

acute or subtruncate, the margins irregularly serrate or doubly

serrate, hirsute and strigose on both sides, especially along the

main nerves; petioles 3-4 cm long, hirsute and strigose. Com-

pound cymes dichotomously branched, with terminal flowers;

flowers on the branches secundly arranged: peduncles slender,

6-8 cm long; bracteoles subulate, shorter than the pedicels. Calyx

campanulate, 2.5-3 mm long (in fruit 3-4 mm long), the teeth

triangular, subequal in length, ciliate; pedicels slender, strigose,

2-3 mm long. Corolla 6-7 mm long, glabrous; the upper lip

suberect or recurved, 2-lobed, the lobes oblong: lower lip spread-

ing, 3-lobed, the midlobe very large, obovate to orbicular. Anthers

2-loculate, at length confluent; filaments exserted, hirsute only at

the base, glabrous elsewhere. Nutlets obovoid sub-triquetrous,

1.2-1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, rugose, sparsely hirsute.

Type: Perak, Malaya, Kunstler (Dr. King’s collector) 10709 (K).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Malay Peninsula: Perak,

Selangor).

Ecology: On forest floor at the foot of cliff, or on limestone

rocks.

Specimens examined:

Malay Peninsula: Perak: Kunstler (Dr. King’s collector) /0709 (K,

Type); Selangor, Rawang Melville 4747 (K); Kanching Forest Reserve, Nur

34334 (K, L, Sing.), Reid s.n. June, 1953 (Sing.), Ridley s.n., Dec. 1920

(K), Steenis 18509 (L) (corolla pale sulphur, endlobe white, tube dark red).

An unique herb, as Prain pointed out, resembles Cymaria

(inflorescence, fruit), Ajuga (corolla) and Gomphostemma (habit)

with regard to certain characters as indicated within the brackets.

The calyx is clearly 8-nerved, instead of 10-nerved as stated in

the original description.

30 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

2mm

Imm

Fig. 3. Acrymia ajugiflora Prain.

a. diagram of a branch of cymose inflorescence; b. flower; c. Young

stamen (in 2 views) and style; d. upper lip of corolla expanded;

e. ovary; f. calyx expanded; g. nutlet, in 2 views. (Steenis 18509)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 31

4. AJUGA LINN.

Ajuga Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 246; Sp. Pl. (1753) 561; Benth.

‘& Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1222; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4,

3a (1897) 209.

Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, petiolate or sessile.

False whorls many-flowered (in Malesian species), axillary or in

terminal leafy spike-like inflorescence. Calyx usually 10-nerved;

teeth 5, subequal. Corolla exserted; tube often annulate within;

limb 2-lipped, the upper lip usually very short, 2-fid, the lower lip

long and spreading or slightly concave, 3-lobed, the midlobe the

largest, often notched at the apex. Stamens 4, in two pairs, ascend-

ing, exserted; anthers 2-loculate, divaricate, often confluent at

length. Disk symmetric or produced behind. Ovary shortly 4-lobed;

style 2-fid at the end, the branches subequal. Nutlets elliptic or

obovoid, reticulate-rugose; scar very large, lateral.

About 50 species, throughout the Old World. Only one species

extends to Malesia.

1. Ajuga bracteosa Wall. Cat. (1830) no. 2032, nom. nud.; Benth.

in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 59, Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835) 696

in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 597; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 702;

Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 408: Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag.

Taihok Un. II, 2 (1929) 287; Mukerj in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 14,

1 (1940) 224.

Ajuga remota Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 59.

Ajuga macrosperma (non Wall.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 991.

Ajuga ternatensis Miq. in Herb. Utrecht.

Ajuga loheri Rolfe in Herb. Kew.

Ajuga macrosperma Wall. var. cuneata Back. in Herb. Leiden.

A low, diffuse, much branched herb, usually less than 20 cm

high. Stems and branches from the rootstock, erect or ascending,

generally hispid. Leaves oblanceolate, narrowly obovate or sub-

spathulate, 4-8 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, obtuse or rounded, the base

cuneate or gradually attenuate; the margins undulate, hirsute on

both surfaces; upper leaves sessile, lower ones shortly petiolate.

Flowers many in axillary false-whorls, sometimes crowded in

terminal, spike-like inflorescence, with ovate or cuneate-obovate,

entire or toothed prominent bracts. Calyx campanulate, often

slightly oblique, 3-3.5 mm long, the teeth triangular. Corolla-

tube straight, exserted, not inflated at the base; lower lip 2 mm

long, 3-lobed, hirsute without. Stamens exserted, the locules con-

fluent, often hairy. Nutlets obovoid, 1.5-2 mm long, | mm wide,

shallowly rugose-reticulate, yellowish.

Type specimen: Napalia, 1821, Wallich 2032 (K).

Distribution: Afghanistan, Himalayas, Malesia (Philippines,

Celebes, Moluccas, and New Guinea) to China.

Ecology: Chiefly on banks and shaded ravines, low to medium

altitudes. Wet places at low elevations, up to 1,500 m.

Vernacular name: Tilad (Celebes).

cid

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

' ‘ i 2 -

‘ ‘ar

\ a ay ’

4 ‘ ‘ 7

‘ ( U

i) t

J t bf

‘ e

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ak Ve EE uni

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Imm eer j b

Fig. 4. Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth.

a. flower; b. corolla expanded, showing the stamens and annulus;

c. anther; d. tip of style; e. ovary, f. nutlet, in 2 views. (Ramos & Edano

45071)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 33

Specimens examined :

Philippines: Luzon, Clemens 570 (K), Elmer 8626 (K), Loher 4205, 4206.

(K), Merrill 4422 (K), 7773 (BM), 10626 (BM, Sing, L), Ramos & Edano

37874, 45071 (L).

Celebes: Forsten s.n. (L), Kaudern 380 (L).

Moluccas: Talaud Isle. alt. 200 m. Lam 3160 (corolla white, young.

fruit green-yellow) (L), Halmaheira, Pleyte 171 (L), Teysmann 7845 (L);

P. Ternate, Teysmann 5194 (U 76816A), DeVriese & Teysmann s.n. (L).

New Guinea: Seroei, Aet & Idjan 997 (L).

Specimens from Malesian region, in comparison with the type

specimen, Wallich 2032, possess more elongate and less hairy

leaves and much shorter corolla. In these respects, they match the

type specimen of Ajuga remota Benth. (Wallich 2033, from

Kamaon) quite well. The latter, however, was reduced as synony-

mous with A. bracteosa by Hooker f., Kudo, Mukerjee and others.

Their basic floral structures are much the same.

5. ANISOMELES R. BR.

Anisomeles R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 503; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f.

Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1207; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897),

268.

Herbs, or sometimes shrubby. Stems and branches softly

pubescent or woolly. Flowers in axillary whorls or loosely forming

terminal spicate or paniculate inflorescence. Calyx ovoid or

tubular, straight, 10-nerved, almost equally 5-toothed. Corolla-

tube short, annulate within; upper lip short, entire and erect;

lower lip 3-lobed, broad and patent, the mid-lobe retuse or notched.

Stamens exserted, in 2 pairs; anthers connivent, those of the lower

pair often longer, smaller and dimidiate, and of the upper pair

shorter, larger and 2-loculate, the locules parallel. Disk equal.

Style subequally 2-fid. Nutlets smooth, flattened, bluntly angular,

and with rather prominent scar on the ventral surface.

Species 5 to 6, in tropical and subtropical Asia and N. E.

Australia; 3 in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Stems and branches acutely 4-angled, softly pubescent or

glabrescent, brownish; fruiting calyx teeth nearly as long as

the tube.

B. Leaves hirsute or glabrescent, ovate, flowers usually nume-

rous, in dense axillary false whorls, often forming approxi-

mately dense spicate inflorescence; seeds ovoid.

1. A. indica

B. Leaves densely villose, oblong-elliptic or lanceolate; flowers

fewer, in axillary false whorls, often distantly disposed;

seeds ellipsoid. 2. A. salviaefolia

A. Stems and branches obtusely 4-angled, densely woolly, grayish;

fruiting calyx teeth much shorter than the tube.

3. A. malabarica

34 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

W. Rothmaler (in Redde, Report. 53 (1944) 12) claimed that he

had discovered Adanson’s type specimen of Epimeredi (Fam. PI.

2 (1763) 192) in the Paris Herbarium, and which he identified as

Anisomeles. Therefore he reduced Anisomeles R. Br. as synony-

mous with Epimeredi Adans. and made a number of combined

names. Yet from Adanson’s original description, it is very difficult

ito conceive whether he referred to Anisomeles or other plants.

Without further evidence, Robert Brown’s generic name should

be considered as valid.

J. Anisomeles indica (Linn.) O. Kuntze. Rev. Gen. Pl. (1891) 512:

Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1925) 412; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv.

Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 152; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 624

(incl. 3 varieties).

Nepeta indica Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 571.

Anisomeles ovata R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew ed. 2, 2 (1811) 364:

Benth Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835) 702 (incl. b. mollissima), in

DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 455; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 975

(incl. r. serratifolia Miq.); Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 672;

Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 715; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen.

2 (1923) 649.

Nepeta malabarica (non Linn.) Blume, Bijdr. (1826) 823.

Phlomis indica (non Forsk) Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 474.

Anisomeles malabarica (non R. Br.) Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2

(1859) 976.

Anisomeles albiflora (Hassk.) Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 976.

A herbaceous or shrubby plant, 0.5-1.5 m high. Stems and

branches acutely 4-angled, sparingly hairly to densely pubescent.

Leaves thin- to thick-membranaceous, ovate to broadly ovate,

4.5—6 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, acute, the base rounded or truncate,

subcordate, less often shortly cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere

crenate-serrate, often irregular, sometimes almost pinnatifid, hirsute

or woolly on both surfaces; petiole 1.5-4 cm long, tomentose.

Flowers in dense false whorls, distant below, approximate above in

a dense spicate inflorescence; bracts linear, 3-4 mm long, pilose.

Calyx campanulate, 5-7 mm (in fruit 9-10 mm) long, shortly

pedicellate, hirsute and pilose; teeth lanceolate, acute, almost as

long as the tube, ciliate. Corolla tubular, 7-8 mm long. Filaments

hirsute. Nutlets broadly ovoid, 1.8—-2 mm long, 1.4-1.5 mm broad,

subcompressed.

Distribution: India to S. China, Japan and to Malesia.

Vern. names: Batoe-Babra, Sibo (Sumatra); Tahate dawang,

Lalah (Lesser Sunda Islands); Kabling-lalake, Kadling-parang,

Lilitan, Litalit, Sauang-sauang, Subusuba, Talingharap (Philip-

pines).

Ecology: In open and waste places near settled areas, mostly

at low altitudes.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 35

Fig. 5. Anisomeles indica O. Kuntze.

a. flower; b. bract; c. portion of upper corolla-lip with stamens and

style; d. fruiting calyx; e. nutlet in 2 views (flower, Sijde 27, fruit,

Lorzing 6307)

36 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Telug Kabung, Borssum Waalkes 1658 (L); West Coast, allt.

950 m., Biinnemeyer 8191 (K); Sumatra, Cuming 2438 (K); Cajolanden,

Jochems 115 (L); Medan, Lorzing 13009 (L) (shrubby i-1.5 m., fis. white);

Karohoeheben, alt. 1,250 m., Lorzing 13571 (L); Lake Toba, alt. 1,000 m.,

Lérzing 14859 (L) (fis. purplish); Lake Toba, Ridley s.n. (K); Korinchi,

Sandagang Agong, Robinson & Kloss s.n. 1914 (K); Kebanagoeng, Voogd

1214 ({L); Batoe Bara, Yates 2237 (Sing.).

Malay Peninsula: Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Burkill & Haniff 16386 (Sing.);

Malacca, Cuming 2438 (K); Penang, Curtis 1411 (Sing.); Perak, Ipoh,

Molesworth-Allen 4117 (Sing.); Selangor, Port Swettenham, Nur 3006

(Sing.); Singapore, Ridley 2692 (Sing.); Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Ridley

s.n. Dec. 1920 (K) (fls. white, lip mauve); Penang, Ward s.n. June 1941

(Sing.). .

Java: Batavia, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 1939 (K); Buitenzorg, Danser 6295

(L); Soerabaya, Hoed 509 (L); Java, Hoed 3067 (L); Java, Horsfield s.n.

(K); Java, Kooper 7284 (L); Madioen, Koorders 29137 (K); West Bantam,

alt. 0 M., Kregten 8&8 (L) (fils. purple); Java, Lobb. s.n. (K); Mt. Batu, alt.

260 m., Nedi & Idjan 366 (L) (40 cm. high, fis. white); Buitenzorg,

Ooststroom 12649 (L); Buitenzorg, Raap 422 (L); Bogor, Teysmann 456

(L); Java, Zollinger 183 (BM, K) (type of Anisomeles ovata 8. mollisima

Benth.); Java, Zollinger 3039 (BM).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Babar, Borssum Waalkes 3010 (L); Tanimber,

Borssum Waalkes 3163 (L); Alor, Jaag 412 & 627 (L); Soemba, Matahapore,

alt. 50 m., Monod de Freideville 1943 (L) (fis. pink, strongly aromatic).

Borneo: Sarawak, Baram, Hose 283 (BM); Sarawak, Native Collector,

s.n. 1888 (Sing.).

Philippines :Luzon, Batangas, Aranez 2 (L); Luzon, Button 51 (L);

Luzon, Lagona, Cuming 643 (K, L); Philippines, Cuming 1878 (K);

Mindanao, Agusan, Elmer 13443 (K, L); Luzon, Elmer 16482 (K);

Mindanao, Pasanan, Frake 36263 (L) (fis. violet); Mindanao, Zamboanga,

Hallier 4619 (L); Sulu Isls., Siasi, Kondo & Edano 38960 (L); Luzon,

| Loher 4227 & 4228 (K); Luzon, Mundo 34 (L); Luzon, Isabela, San Mariano,

Ramos & Edano 16710 (L, Sing.); Luzon, Rizal, Mt. Irig, Ramos 41935

(K); Mindoro, Pinagbayanan, Sulit 22477 (L) (fls. pale blue); Luzon, Vidal

y Soler 506 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Williams 100 (K).

Celebes: Soela Sanana, alt. 200 m., Bloembergen 4429 (L); Malili,

Tawibaroe, Eyma 4201 (L).

Moluccas: Moluccas, Buwalda 4043 (L).

New Guinea: Hollandia, McKee 1790 (L) (fls. pink); Kebar Valley,

Royen 5023 (K, L, Sing.) (fis. blue, white at base); Merauke, Versteeg

1858 (L) (fls. upper lip green, lower lip lilac); Merauke, Zijde 4031 (L)

(fis. lilac).

A widely distributed species, the tomentum varying from pube-

scent to woolly. Prain (1907) intended to recognize two varieties

(‘glabrata’ and ‘mollissima’). A large number of intermediate forms

renders the infraspecific delimitation rather impractical.

The colour of flowers of this species, according to the field notes

made by various collectors, vary from white to violet, recorded

possibly in different stages at anthesis.

Anisomeles malabarica R. Br., a species of S. India and Ceylon,

was collected twice from Penang, Malaya. A specimen deposited in

the Leiden herbarium named as “Nepeta malabarica’ (collected

and identified probably by Blume, from Batavia, Java, bearing the

number of Herb. Lugd. Bat. no. 952, 55-502), should however,

be correctly referred to Anisomeles indica O. Kuntz.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 37

2. -Anisomeles salviaefolia R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 503; Benth. Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1835) 702, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 455; Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. 2 (1859) 976; Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 376.

Anisomeles candicans (non Benth.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859)

976.

A bushy plant, 0.5-1 m. or more high. Stems and branches

acutely 4-angled, densely villose. Leaves membranaceous, sparingly

hairy above, densely tomentose beneath, elliptic to narrowly ovate,

3-5 cm long, 1.5—2.5 cm wide, acute, the base broadly acute,

entire; margins elsewhere crenate-serrate, petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long,

tomentose. Flowers many (usually less than 15), in axillary false

whorls, often distantly disposed; bracts linear lanceolate, 2-3 mm

long. Calyx nearly cylindric, narrowed on both ends, 5-8 mm (in

fruit 8-9 mm) long, hirsute and pilose externally, the teeth broadly

lanceolate, acuminate, 2-3 mm long, hairy and ciliate. Corolla

6-7 mm long, puberulent. Filaments puberulent or pubescent.

Nutlets ellipsoid, 2 mm_ long, 1.2 mm broad, reddish brown,

smooth.

Type specimen: In Nova Hollandia tropica, R. Brown s.n. (BM).

Distribution: N. E. Australia and Malesia (Lesser Sunda Isls.

and New Guinea).

Ecology: Commonly found in open places at low altitudes.

Vern. names: Kaleb-Kaleb, Keranke (New Guinea).

Specimens examined:

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, R. Brown s.n. (in 1803) (BM), Meyer s.n.

(in 1884) (K), Smith & Wiles 1792 (BM).

New Guinea: Waraka, Papua, alt. 200 m. Arttwell 154 (K); N. Coast,

Atasrip s.n. (in 1903) (L); Baroka, Nakeo, C. Division, Papua, Brass 3715

(BM); New Guinea, Koch s.n. (in 1904-5) (L); Hollandia, McKee 1790;

Tamurik, S. N. Guinea, Wentholt 228 (L).

In the Leiden herbarium, there are two old collections of this

plant from Timor, without collector’s name or other data, and

numbered as Lugd. Bat. Herb. 904, 350-355, and 904, 350-356.

Both are named as Anisomeles candicans Benth., a species con-

fined to upper Burma.

The description given above is based on the New Guinea and

Timor specimens which are somewhat intermediate between

Australian Anisomeles salviaefolia and Malesian Anisomeles

indica.

3. Anisomeles malabarica (L) R. Br. ex Sims in Bot. Mag. 46

(1819) ¢. 2071; Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 59, in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 456; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 673; Prain

in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 716; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923)

649; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 153.

Nepeta malabarica Linn. Mant. Pl. 2 (1771) 566.

38 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Anisomeles intermedia Wight in Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835)

703; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 456.

Erect, shrubby, 0.5-1.5 m high; stems and branches obtusely

4-angled, densely tomentose or thickly woolly, silvery white.

Leaves thick-chartaceous, narrowly oblong or oblong-lanceolate,

5-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm wide, acute, the base rounded or shortly

cuneate, entire; margin elsewhere crenate-serrate, silvery woolly-

tomentose beneath; petiole 0.5—2.5 cm long, stout, softly woolly.

Flowers in dense false whorls, distant below, approximate above,

forming an interrupted spicate inflorescence, 8-10 cm long; bracts

lanceolate, 1-1.5 cm long, acute, woolly. Calyx campanulate,

6 mm (in fruit 1 cm) long, densely villose, the margins ciliate.

‘Corolla 13-14 mm long, puberulent. Filaments pubescent. Nutlets

ellipsoid, 2 mm long, | mm broad, compressed, inner surface faint-

ly angled, outer rounded, shining, brown.

Distribution: S. India to Ceylon, Mauritius and Malesia

(Penang).

Ecology: a weed, on waste ground.

Specimens examined:

Malay Peninsula: Penang, Wallich 2037 (K); Ayer Itam, Penang, Curtis

.3741 (K, Sing.) (Herb, 2-3 ft., fils. pink).

Prain (1907) and Ridley (1923) both pointed out that this plant

in Malesia being confined to Penang, is probably an introduced

‘species.

6. BASILICUM MOENCH

-Basilicum Moench, Suppl. Meth. Pl. (1802) 143; O. Ktze. Rev.

Gen. Pl. 2 (1891) 512; Morton in Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W. Trop.

Afr. 2 (1963) 454.

Moschosma Reichb. Consp. (1828) 171, in adnot.; Benth. Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1832) 24, in DC Prodr. 12 (1848) 48; Benth. in

Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1173; Brig. in E. & P.

Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 368.

Annual or perennial herbs, erect, branched. Leaves opposite,

‘petiolate. False whorls 6—10-flowered, secund, in axillary and

terminal raceme-like inflorescences. Flowers very small: bract

minute. Calyx ovoid or campanulate, 5-toothed, the uppermost

tooth often very broad and forming the upper lip, the 2 lateral

teeth often associated with the 2 lower teeth and forming the

lower lip; throat of calyx naked. Corolla tubular-campanulate, the

tube short, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip clearly 3-lobed (in Malesian

species), the mid-lobe entire or shallowly notched; lower lip entire,

auriculate at the base. Stamens 4, declinate; filaments not appendi-

culate; anthers 2-loculate. Style clavate, shortly 2-fid at the tip.

Nutlets ovoid, compressed, smooth.

Species 6—7, widely distributed in tropical Asia and Africa; 1

extended to Malesia.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 39

Basilicum Moench (1802), as O. Kuntze pointed out, is homo-

nymous with Basilicum Rumphius. However, the former was based

on an entirely different plant, and accompanied by an accurate

description. Furthermore, it did not refer to Rumphius’ name.

1. Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench. Suppl. Meth. PI. (1802)

143; Morton in Hutch. & Dalz. Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 2 (1963) 454.

Ocimum polystachyum Linn. Mant. 2 (1771) 567. |

Ocimum tenuiflorum (non Linn.) Burm. f. Fl. Ind. (1768) 129.

Moschosma polystachyum (Linn.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.

2 (1831) 13, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 48; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

2 (1858) 942; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 612; Merr.

Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 421; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 644;

Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 380; Back. & Bakh. f. FI.

Java 2 (1965) 638, (as polystachyon).

Moschosma tenuiflora (Burm. f.) Heynh. Nomen. 1 (1840) 532;

Merr. Fl. Man. (1912) 408.

An erect herb, 40-100 cm high. Stems much branched, nearly

glabrous, prominently 4-angled. Leaves thin membranaceous, ovate

to oblong-ovate, 2-5 cm long, 1-3.5 cm broad, acuminate or

caudate, the base acute or attenuate, the margins irregularly serrate.

glabrous on both surfaces; petioles slender, 1-4 cm long. Raceme-

like inflorescence 3-6 cm (in fruit over 10 cm) long; false-whorls:

6—10-flowered; bracts minute, lanceolate, aristate, 1-2 mm long:

pedicels 1-2 mm long, persistent. Calyx ovoid or campanulate,

pubescent, 1.5—2 mm (in fruit 3—3.5 mm, slightly inflated near the

base) long; upper lip broad, entire, reflexed; lower lip 4-toothed,

the 2 lateral teeth ovate, and the 2 lower teeth cuspidate. Corolla

2-2.5 mm long. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, included. Nutlets minute.

broadly ellipsoid, compressed, smooth.

Distribution: Tropical Africa, Tropical Asia to Australia.

Ecology: A weed, in open waste land, often scattered in the

settled areas, or in rice-fields.

Vern. names: Soelaseh doelang, Main-main, Tapoea djatten

(Sumatra), Bauin, Lodokon, Pansi-pansi (Philippines, fide Merrill),

Ariordan (New Guinea).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Asahan, Bartlett & Rue 501 (L); Karo Highlands, Berastagi,.

Hamel 413 (L); Karo Highlands, N. Berastagi, Hamel & Rahmat Si Boeea

463 (L); Tapianoeli, Maranti, Rahmat Si Boeea 6114 (L); Tapianoeli,

Loemban Loboe, Toba, Rahmat Si Boeea 9809 (L); Loemban, Toba,

Rahmat Si Boeea 10539 (L); Tapianoeli, Porsea, Toba, Rahmat Si Bocea

10831 (L); Loemban, Toba, Rahmat Si Boeea 10918 (L); Tapianoeli, Dolok

Si Manoek-manoek, Rahmat Si Boeea 11224 (L); Tapanoeli, Surbeck 222

(L); Sumatra, Teruya 2955 (Sing.).

Malay Peninsula: Penang, Curtis 1430 (Sing.); Perlis, Ridley 14928 (K,

Sing.); Kedah, Ridley 14930 (K, Sing.); Penang, Sinclair 39372 (K, L, Sing.).

AO Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

Fig. 6. Basicicum polystachyon Moench.

a. diagram of the spurious spicate inflorescence and a _bract

(enlarged); b. flower; c. corollar expanded, showing the stamens;

d. fruiting calyx and nutlet; e. fruiting calyx expanded. (Sinclair

39372)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae ) 41

Java: Bantam, Amdjah 5 (L); Weltevreden, Backer s.n:. 1902 (L);

Randoeblatoeng, Rembang, alt. 150 m., Backer 6632 (L); T. Lorok,

Backer 7644 (L); Pasceroean, alt. 3 m., Backer 7644 (L); Poeger, alt.

15 m., Backer 18087 (L); Madjenang, alt. 30 m., Backer 18597 (L);

Pasoeroean, alt. 4 m., Backer 36307 & 36568 (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 250 m.,

Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 1940 (K, L); Java, Blume s.n. (L) (several

collections); Java, Blume 1195 (L); Soerabaja, alt. 15 m., Dorgelo 515 (L);

Bogor, cult. in Hort., Hallier 295 (L); Java, Horsfield s.n. (K); Semarang,

alt. 15-20 m,. Houwing s.n. 1924 (L); Semarang, alt. 15-20 m., Houwing

394 & 531 (L); Semarang, alt. 10-15 m., Houwing 845 (L); Semarang, alt.

15-20 m., Houwing 906 (L); Java, Junghuhn 22 (L) (several collections);

Pangalengan, alt. 1,400 m., Karsten 36 (L); Banjoemas, Kievits & Kooper 7

(L); Banjoemas, alt. 20 m., Kievits 282 (L); Banjoemas, Kievits 259] (L);

Besoeki, Poeger Watangan, alt. 10 m. Koorders s.n. Oct, 1895 (L); Besoeki,

Koorders 21550 (K); Bagelen, Karanganjer, Koorders 26233 3 (L); Batavia,

Reinwardt 1195 (L); Sourabaya, Teruya 1656 (Sing.); Java, Wade s.n. (L);

Semarang, Waitz s.n. (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, alt. 50 m., Elbert 2387 (L); Timor, near

Lore, alt. 1-5 m., Steenis 18194 (L) (fils. pale lilac); Timor, Teysmann 732

(K); Timor, Teysmann 10732 & 19742 (L); Bali, Tjoelik, alt. 0 m., Voogd

2052 (L); Lombok, Wallace s.n. 1856 (K); Timor, Zippelius 46 (L); Timor,

Zippelius s.n. (L) (several collections).

Borneo: Poeloe Lampei, Korthals 23 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 478 (K); Luzon, Loher 4214 (K); Luzon,

Manila, Merrill sp. Blanco 423 (K, L); Luzon, Apalit, Ramos 41645 (K,

Sing.); Catanduanes, Ramos & Edano 75303 (Sing.).

Celebes: Celebes, Belang, Forsten 325 & 328 (L); Celebes, Teysmann

12163 (L); Tempe, Weber s.n. (L).

Moluccas: Halmaheira, Anang 484 (L); Moluccas, Forsten s.n. (L)

(several collections).

New Guinea: New Britain, M6wehafen, Blackwood 329 (K) (fis.

purplish) (“Asiordan’’); Papua, Gaima, lower Fly River, Brass 8321] (L)

(fils. pink); Kaiserin Augusta River, near Papua, Gjellerup 356 (L);

Hollandia, alt. 5 m., Gjellerup 998 (L); Merauke, Koch s.n. 1904-05 (L);

E. Merauke, Versteeg 1938 (L).

7. CALAMINTHA MILL.

Calamintha [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Dict. ed. 4, 1 (1754); Lamk. FI.

Fr. 2 (1778) 393; Moench. Meth. Pl. (1794) 408; Benth. in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 226, p.p., in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2

(1876) 1190.

Melissa Linn. sensu Benth. sect. Calamintha (Moench.) Benth.

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834) 384.

Satureia Linn. sensu Brig. sect. Calamintha (Moench.) Briq. in

E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 301.

Herbs often slender and prostrate (in Malesian species). Flowers

small or medium-sized, in dense axillary false whorls and often

forming loose spicate or racemose inflorescence. Calyx campanu-

late, always 13-nerved, 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, the teeth

broad and highly connate; lower lip 2-toothed, the teeth subulate;

42 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

throat naked or villous. Corolla-tube straight, the limb 2-lipped;

upper lip erect, flat; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, in

2 pairs, ascending under the upper lip; upper pair always small and

imperfect (in Malesian species); anthers 2-loculate, the locules

parallel or divaricate. Disk uniform, entire. Style lobes equal or

the upper lobe smaller. Nutlets minute, subglobose, smooth.

Species about 40 in North temperate regions, few extended to

the tropical mountains; 2 species and 1 variety in Malesia.

Controversial opinions have been expressed as to whether

Calamintha should be reduced to a section of Satureia as suggested

by Briquet. For two oppositing views, see Brenan (in Mem. N. Y.

Bot. Gard. 9 (1954) 47)-and De Wolf (in Baileya 2 (1954) 149).

A full discussion on the nomenclature problems of the generic

name Calamintha can also be found in another paper by De Wolf

(in Rhodora 57 (1955) 74). In this treatment, Calamintha is con-

sidered as a separate genus.

Key to the species

A. Calyx sparsely hirsute; upper calyx-teeth as long as or shorter

than the lower ones; fruiting calyx 3.5-4 mm long; corolla-tube

barely exserted. 1. C. gracilis

A. Calyx densely pilose; upper calyx-teeth slightly longer than

the lower ones.

B. Fruiting calyx 4.5-5 (—8) mm long; corolla-tube shortly

exserted. 2. C. umbrosa var. umbrosa

B. Fruiting calyx 10-12 mm long; corolla-tube long-exserted.

2a. C. umbrosa vat. javanica.

1. Calamintha gracilis Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 232; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bot. 2 (1859) 968; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal 74,

2 (1907) 711; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 648.

Cunila moluccana Zipp. in Herb. Lugd. Bat.

Calamintha molucana Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 968. syn. nov.

Satureia gracilis (Benth.) Nakai in J. Coll. Sc. Un. Tokyo 31

(1911) 149; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 630.

A slender, prostrate herb. Stems puberulous, rooting on the

lower nodes. Leaves membranaceous, broadly ovate or subround-

ed, 1-2 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, acute, the base rounded or

broadly cuneate, entire, margins elsewhere crenate-serrate, glabrous

on both sides except on the nerves; petioles 0.5—-1 cm long, puberu-

lous. Flowers in lax many-flowered false whorls in axils of upper

leaves, sometimes aggregated in racemose or subcapitate terminal

inflorescence; bracts subulate, puberulous; pedicels slender, 1-3

mm long. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 2-3 mm (in fruit 4-4.5 mm)

long, sparsely hirsute; tube slightly inflated below: upper teeth

recurved, highly connate, slightly shorter than the lower ones;

lower teeth subulate, ciliate, slightly incurved. Corolla straight,

3-4 mm long, barely exserted. Anther-locules parallel, connivent.

Nutlets rounded, compressed, 0.5-0.6 mm across, pale brown,

finely reticulate.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 43

Distribution: India, Burma, Thailand to §S. China, Formosa,

S. Japan and Malesia.

Ecology: In wet, open places or in grassland, at low and medium

altitudes (600—2,400 m).

Specimens examined:

Malaya: Perak, Taiping, Burkill & Haniff 12812 (Sing.); Pahang, Fraser’s

Hill, alt. 1,300 m., Purseglove 4118 (L, Sing.); Perak, Taiping, Ridley 11912

(K, Sing.); Perak, Maxwell’s Hill, Spare 1486 (Sing.); Maxwell’s Hill, alt.

1,200-1,300 m., Sinclair & Kiah SF 38620 (K, L, Sing.) (creeping; fis.

pink).

Java: Wanajasa, alt. 700 m., Backer 13995 (L); Poerwakarta, alt. 630 m.,

Bakhuizen v/d Brink 4618 (L) & 4839 (K, L); Tjilame, alt. 700 m.,

Doctors V. Leeuwen 2760 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, Zippelius s.n. (L).

Celebes: Masamba, alt. 2,000-2,400 m., Eyma 1510 (L) (fis. lilac).

Moluccas: Timor, Zippelius s.n. (Herb. Lugd. Bat. 904, 351-38) (type

of Calamintha molucana Miq. L.) Molucca, Zippelius s.n. (L) (several

collections).

Type specimen of Miquel’s Calamintha molucana, (which appa-

rently is based on Zipellius’ unpublished binomial ‘“Cunila

molucana’) has been studied. It proved to be identical with

‘Calamintha gracilis.

2. Calamintha umbrosa (Bieb.) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848)

233; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 968; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4

(1885) 450; Merr. & Rolfe in Philip. J. Sc. 3 (1908) Bot. 123;

Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 410. var. umbrosa.

Melissa umbrosa Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 2 (1808) 63.

Ziziphora javanica Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 822, syn. nov.

Satureia umbrosa (Beib.) Scheele in Flora, 26 (1843) 577; Briq.

in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 302.

Stachys rubisepala Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 338.

A slender herb, profused branched, often prostrate. Stems 30-60

cm high, pubescent, often rooting on the lower nodes. Leaves

membranaceous, puberulous, ovate to broadly ovate, 1—1.5 (-2)

cm long, 0.8—-1.2 cm wide, acute, the base rounded or cuneate,

entire; margins elsewhere serrate; petioles 0.3-1 cm long, pube-

scent. Flowers usually in dense whorls, subcapitate, terminal and

in axils of upper leaves; bracts subulate, hirsute, 3-4 mm long,

often 2-4 in groups. Calyx 44.5 mm (in fruit 4.5-6 mm) long,

pubescent with spreading long hairs; tube slightly inflated below;

upper teeth spreading, only slightly recurved; lower teeth subulate,

pilose on the margins; pedicels 2-3 mm long, pubescent. Corolla

5-6 mm long, 2-lipped, straight. Stamens 4, only 2 larger ones

functional. Nutlets subrounded, 0.7-0.8 mm across, compressed,

smooth.

44 Gardens Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

: : : aa.

\ ; F ; ne

‘

oe.

' ’ ‘ !

. : , ’ ;

\ . | H

were neers sell! gg

5mm

2cm

Fig. 7. Calamintha umbrosa Benth. var. Javanica.

a. diagram of portion of the inflorescence; b. leaf; c. flower;

d. upper corolla-lip expanded, showing the stamens; e. fruiting calyx

and nutlet (flower, Coert 1511, fruit Backer 37146).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 45.

Distribution: From Caucasus, Afghanistan, India to S. China

and Japan and Malesia.

Ecology: Often in shaded ravines and on open slopes, altitudes.

1,200-3,200 m.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: G. Koerintji, alt. 1,700 m., Biinnemeijer 9111] (K, L, Sing.).

Java: Tjeremai, Blume s.n. (L) (Type of Ziziphora javanica Bl.); Lawoe,

alt. 3,100 m., Brinkman 755 (L, Sing.); Besoeki, alt. 1,500 m., Buwalda

7360 (L); E. Java, Coert 1193 (L); Lawoe, alt. 2,900—3,200 m., Elbert 147

(L); Preanger, Forbes 678 (K) & 749 (BM, Sing.); Preanger, alt. 1,400 m.,

Hochreutiner 1368 (L); Java, Horsfield s.n. (K); Java, Junghuhn 36 (L),

47 (K, L) & 57 (K); Dieng. alt. 2,000 m., Karsten 100 (L); Ngadisari, alt.

2,300 m., Koorders 39702 (L); Besoeki, alt. 2,000 m., Koorders 43200 &

43202 (L);Pasoeroean, alt. 2,500 m., Koorders 43825 (L); Tosari, Ridley s.n.

Jan. 1915 (K); Priangan, alt. 2,041 m., Steenis 4268 (L, Sing.); Besoeki,.

alt. 1,900-3,000 m., Steenis 10914 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Elbert 1225 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8408 (L) (Co-type of

Stachys rubisepala Elm.); Benguet, Loher 4184 & 4185 (K); Luzon,

Benguet, alt. 2,600 m., Mearns 4358 (L); Luzon, Benguet, alt. 1,500 m.,

Mendoza 40933 (L); Luzon, Benguet, Mt. Santo Tomas, Merrill 11709

(K, L, Sing.); Luzon, Bontoc, Mt. Pukis, Ramos & Edano 37712 (L) &

37798 (Sing.); Luzon, Lepanto, Mt. Data, Ramos & Edano 40248 (K,

Sing.); Luzon, Benguet, Mt. Pulog, Ramos & Edano 44892 (L); Luzon,

Bontoc, alt. 1,100 m., Santos 5475 & 5760 (L) (fls. purple); Luzon, Benguet,

Pauai, Santos 31682 (K, L, Sing.); Benguet, Sinclair & Edano 9696 (Sing.);

Luzon, Baguio-Bontoc, alt. 1,800 m., Steenis 17938 (L); Mt. Pauai, Sulit

7449 (L).

Lectotype of Ziziphora javanica Bl. in the Leiden herbarium

(from Tjeremai, Java, collected by Blume) has been examined. It is

indistinguishable from Calamintha umbrosa Benth. var. umbrosa.

2a. Calamintha umbrosa (Bieb.) Benth. var. javanica (Benth.):

Stat. nov.

Calamintha repens Benth. var. javanica Benth. in DC. Prodr.

(1848) 233.

Satureia umbrosa (Bieb.) Scheele var. javanica (Benth.) Briq. in

E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 302.

Satureia umbrosa (Bieb.) Scheele var. repens (D. Don) Briq. L.c.

302; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 630.

Scutellaria repens D. Don, Prod. Fl. Nepal. (1825) 110.

This variety differs from the species chiefly in the larger flowers

with much longer calyx (in flower 8-9 mm long, in fruit 9-10 mm

long) and long-exserted corolla (9-12 mm long), and in the larger

nutlets (l—-1.2 mm across).

Distribution: Malesia (Java).

Ecology: On open slopes at higher altitudes (2,000m—3,000m).

Specimens examined:

Java: G. Tjeremai, alt. 2,700—-3,000 m., Backer 5083 (K); G. Tengger,

alt. 2,000 m., Backer 37146 (L); G. Djembangan, alt. 2,000—3,000 m.,

Coert 1511 (L); Java, Junghuhn 133 (K, L); G. Ardjoeno, Voogd 779 (L);

G. Tengger, alt. 2,500-2,600 m., Zollinger 1794 (L).

46 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

8. CERATANTHUS F. MUELL. ex G. TAYLOR

‘Ceratanthus F. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austral. 5 (1865) 52 in

obs. nom. prov.; G. Taylor in J. Bot. 74 (1936) 35.

Plectranthus sect. Cornigera F. Muell. l.c. 5 (1865) 51.

Hemsleia (non Hemsleya Cogn.) Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agr.

Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 142.

Herbs. Leaves opposite (or subverticillate at the base), petiolate.

Flowers usually small, in few-flowered false whorls, forming a

terminal raceme-like inflorescence. Calyx turbinate (more or less

saccate in fruit), 5-toothed, 2-lipped; upper lip 3-lobed; lower lip

obtuse, strongly incurved and gibbous in fruit. Corolla-tube exsert-

ed, spurred at the base; limb 2-lipped; upper lip 3-4-lobed, recurv-

ed; lower lip entire, concave. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs; filaments free,

inserted at two different levels. Style briefly 2-fid. Nutlets orbicular,

often finely pitted.

Species about 10, mostly in Thailand, Indo-China and S. W.

‘China; only 1 species occurs in New Guinea and Australia (N. E.

(Queensland). The peculiar disjunctive distribution pattern of this

genus has been cited by Prof. Lam (in Proc. 7th Pac. Sc. Congr.

5 (1953) 9) as an example of “bi-topical” genus — independently

but convergently evolved from the Plectranthus-stock in two wide-

ly separated regions.

1. Ceratanthus longicornis (F. Muell.) G. Taylor in J. Bot. 74

L1950) Jo. te Ze

Plectranthus longicornis F. Muell. Fragm. Phytogr. Austral. 5

(1865) 51; Benth. Fl. Austral. 5 (1870) 76.

Perennial herb. Stems solitary or rarely branched from the base,

tomentose or pubescent, thickened (sometimes nodiferous) and

scaly in underground portion; 25—30 cm long including the inflore-

scence. Leave usually 2-3 pairs, obovate or oblong, 2.5—3.5 (—5)

cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, obtuse or rounded, the base attenuate:

margins sinuate or coarsely toothed or subentire, hirsute on both

surfaces; petioles 0.2-0.5 cm long. False whorls 6-8-, rarely 4—-5-

flowered, forming a terminal, slender raceme 10-15 cm long;

bracts cordate, acuminate; pedicels 2-3 mm long. Calyx turbinate,

widely opened, 1.5—2.5 mm long; upper lip formed of a broad,

truncate and emarginate upper tooth with 2 smaller lateral teeth

at its base; the lower lip obtuse and emarginate. Corolla obliquely

campanulate, produced at the base a narrow conical, recurved spur:

upper lip erect, broad, shortly 3-lobed; lower lip oblong, concave.

Stamens included, the 2 upper ones inserted near the mouth, and

the 2 lower, near the base of corolla-tube. Fruiting calyx accre-

scent, inflated, 2.5—-3 mm long and broad; upper tooth recurved at

the top and decurrent at the base; lower lip strongly concave and

saccate. Nutlets globular, flattened, 1 mm across, glandulate.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 47

Scm

Fig. 8. Ceratanthus longicornis G. Taylor.

a. habit; b. flower; c. half of corolla; d. lower lip of corolla,

expanded; e. & f. 2 views of fruiting calyx; g. upper lip of corolla.

(Brass 8403)

Ag Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Distribution: Australia (N. E. Queensland) and New Guinea

(S. Papua).

Ecology: Common amongst grasses all over savannahs or on

savannah ridges.

Specimens examined :

New Guinea: Wuroi, Oriomo River, W. Division, Brass 5692 (BM, K)

(Stems, peduncles, petioles leaf-midribs purple tinged: flowers violet);

Lake Daviumbu, Middle Fly River, Brass 7890 (BM). Tarara, Wassi

Kussa River, Western Division, Brass 8403 (BM, K).

The description and illustration given here is primarily based on

Brass 8403, a specimen identified by Sir George Taylor. It is some-

what different from the original description and illustration

especially with reference to the shape and dimensions of the fruit-

ing calyx.

9. COLEUS LOUR.

‘Coleus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2 (1790) 372: Benth. in Benth. & Hook.

f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1176; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a

(1897) 359.

Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Flowers usually

small, generally in lax or dense, 6-many flowered cymes, forming

axillary spurious raceme or terminal panicles. Calyx subcampanu-

late, 5-toothed, 2-lipped, accrescent and often declinate in fruit.

‘Corolla-tube exserted, long or short, straight or decurved; limb

gibbous or less often straight, 2-lipped; the upper lip (3-) 4-fid,

strongly recurved; the lower lip entire, much longer than the upper,

boat-shaped, narrowed at base. Stamens 4, declinate; filaments

fused below into a short tube around the base of style but generally

free from the corolla-tube; anther-locules usually confluent. Disc

usually produced anteriorly. Ovary 4-partite; style shortly 2-fid at

the tip. Nutlets orbicular, oblong or ovoid, smooth, granulate or

punctate.

Species about 90, in the tropics of the Old World and in Aus-

tralia. About 5 species with 5 varieties are found in Malesia.

It is rather controversial whether Coleus should be retained as

an independent genus or should be incorporated into the genus

Plectranthus. In Linnaeus’s Species Plantarum (1753), the earliest

known species of Coleus and Plectranthus were both included in

the genus Ocimum (as Ocymum). As a consequence of emphasis on

the presence of a tooth on the filaments of the upper stamens in

some Ocimum species, a feature originally pointed out by Linnaeus,

L’Heritier (1788) established the genus Plectranthus to accommo-

date the species without a tooth on the filaments and having a spur

or an angle on the upper side of the corolla-tube. Loureiro (1790)

further created the genus Coleus to contain the species with mona-

delphous androecium. Brown (1810), and Blume (1826) did not

accept the genus Coleus, and placed the species in Plectranthus.

However, Bentham and Briquet, two authors who wrote the mono-

graphs of the family Labiatae on a world-wide basis, and those

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 49

who compiled the regional flora of Malesia and: neighbouring

countries (notably Bentham, Hooker, Miquel, Prain, Merrill, Rid-

ley, Backer & Bakhuiten van den Brink, Jr. and others), have

generally accepted the genus Coleus.

Very recently, Morton [in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 58 (1962) 242-249]

after examining the West. African material, strongly advocate a

transference of all the Coleus species to Plectranthus. I fully agree

with Morton that the separation of these two genera is “entirely

arbitrary”. Nevertheless, I cannot help but think that the practice

of the classification of such a natural family as Labiatae is basical-

ly an arbitrary one. Besides, should Morton’s generic concept of

Piectranthus be accepted in toto, following his discussion and the

key on P. 243, the most widely cultivated labiateous species in

Malesian region, Coleus scutellarioides Benth., probably has to be

reclassified under the genus Solenostemon Schum. emend. J. K.

Morton, rather than under the genus Plectranthus. ‘This appears to

be unacceptable.

For these reasons, tentatively I regard Coleus and Plectranthus

as two separate genera until a better delimitation of Plectranthus

and its allied genera, on a world-wide basis, becomes available.

Key to the species

A. False whorls densely many-flowered, subglobose; calyx-teeth

at anthesis though different in shape, are subequal in length;

in fruit, the uppermost calyx-tooth slightly accrescent and

deflexed, the lower and lateral teeth all linear lanceolate or

subulate, sharply pointed. 1. C. amboinicus

A. False whorls laxly few to many-flowered; calyx-teeth at anthesis

or in fruit always very unequal in length.

B. Two lateral calyx-teeth usually short, with rounded or trun-

cate (rarely mucronate in 2 varieties of C. scutellarioides)

apices.

C. Corolla generally below 12 mm in length (except in C.

scutellarioides var. gibbseae which can reach a length of

18 mm); lower calyx-teeth shorter, sometimes as long as,

rarely slightly longer than the uppermost calyx-tooth.

2. C. scutellarioides

C. Corolla above 15 mm in length; lower calyx-teeth mani-

festly longer than the uppermost tooth.

3. C. macranthus

B. Two lateral teeth elongate, with acute or acuminate apices.

C. Spurious spikes 2-4 cm long; flowers 1-3 in a cyme;

fruiting calyx 5-6 cm long, the uppermost tooth straight,

3—5-nerved. 4. C. spariflorus

C. Spurious spikes 5-25 (—30) cm long; flowers 5-8 (—15)

in a cyme; fruiting calyx 6-12 (-15) cm long, the upper-

most tooth strongly reflexed, many-nerved.

5..C. galeatus

50 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

1. Coleus amboinicus Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 372; Merr. in

Philip. J. Sci. 7 (1912) Bot. 344, Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 418:

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 637.

Plectranthus aromaticus Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 22, non

Hort. Beng. (1814) 45.

Coleus aromaticus Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830) 16, in

Bot. Reg. 18 (1832) t. 1520, Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 51, in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 72.

Plectranthus amboinensis (Lour.) Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 690.

Majorana amboinica (Lour.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1 (1891)

524.

Coleus suganda Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 438, ed. 2 (1845) 337, ed.

3, 2 (1878) 259; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 71: Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 948.

?Coleus carnosa Hassk. in Fl. Bot. Zeit. 5 (1842) 2: Benth. in

DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 79 (as sp. dubiae); Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat.

2 (1858) 953.

?Coleus suborbicularis Zoll. et Mor. in Moritzi, Verz. Jav.

(1845-46) 54.

A herb, more or less succulent, 0.3-1 m high. Stems and

branches subterete, densely pubescent when young, glabrescent

when old. Leaves thick, fleshy, broadly ovate, suborbicular or

deltoid, 5-7 cm long, 4-6 cm wide, obtuse or rounded, the base

rounded or truncate, often long-attenuate, sparsely pubescent on

the upper surface, and hirsute on the nerves in the lower surface;

petioles 2-4.5 cm long, pubescent. Flowers in dense, many (12-20

or more)-flowered cymes forming subglobose verticillasters dispos-

ed in terminal spike-like inflorescences, the rachis 10-20 cm long,

fleshy and pubescent; bracts broadly ovate, 3-4 cm long, acute,

subsessile. Calyx campanulate, 2-4 mm long, hirsute and glandu-

late, subequally 5-toothed, the upper tooth broadly ovate, acute,

the lateral teeth narrowly lanceolate, the lower teeth slightly longer

than the rest, highly connate. Corolla boat-shaped, 8-12 mm long.

the tube 3-4 mm long, 2-lipped, the upper lip short, erect, puberu-

lent, the lower lip long, concave.

Distribution: Possibly a native of India. Introduced and culti-

vated in Malesia for its aromatic leaves.

Ecology: Cultivated from lowland to about 1,000 m high.

Vern. names: Terbangun, Daun-djinten (Karo, Sumatra),

Duganda (Tagalo, Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: S. Ramboetan, alt. 900 m., Biunnemeijer 3389 (L); Karo

Highlands, near Kabandjahe, alt. 1,200 m., Lorzing 14366 (L).

Java: Java, Horsfield Lab. 30 (K); Pasoeroean, Tengger, Koorders

37615 b (L); Bandung, alt. 700 m., Popta 351 (L).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 51

Lesser Sunda Islands: Flores, Voogd 1812 (L); Flores, Mt. Keli Moetoe,

Voogd 2005 (L); Timor, Beboki, Voogd 2313 (L); Flores, Keo, alt.

1,500 m., Voogd 2828 (L).

Borneo: Sarawak, alt. 1,000 m.,Brooke 10512 (BM).

Philippines: Luzon, Gavite, Maragondon, Merrill sp. Blanco 129 (BM,

K, L); Mindanao, Zamboanga, Malangas, Ramus & Edano 36950 (K).

Merrill (1912), following the view held by F.-Villar, reduced

Coleus suganda Blanco to a synonym of Coleus amboinicus Lour.

I am included to think that C. carnosa Hassk. and C. suborbicularis

Zoll. & Mor. (both from Java), are probably synonymous with

C. amboinicus Lour. too. Although: their lectotypes are not avail-

able, several specimens in various herbaria identified as these two

species are indistinguishable from the latter species.

No fruiting specimen from this region has been found. Backer

(1965, p. 637) recorded that “(calyx) after anthesis upto 6 mm long

with a slightly oblique mouth”.

2. Coleus scutellarioides (Linn.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2

(1830) 16, Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1832) 53, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848)

73; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 949 (incl. varieties); Steenis in

Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III, 13 (1934) 288; Back. & Bakh. f.

Fl. Java 2 (1965) 637.

Ocymum scutellarioides Linn. Sp. Pl. ed. 2 (1762) 834; Burm. f.

FI. Ind. (1768) 130.

Polypodium ovatum Burm. f. Fl. Ind. (1768) 223.

Plectranthus scutellarioides (Linn.) R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 506; BI.

Bijdr. (1826) 837.

Plectranthus ingratus Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 836.

Plectranthus laciniatus Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 838.

Coleus atropurpureus Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830) 16,

Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1832) 54, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 74; Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 951; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal 74 (2)

(1907) 706; Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 646; Merr. Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 418.

Coleus blumei Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1832) 56, in DC. Prodr.

12 (1848) 75; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 419.

Coleus acuminatus Benth. in Linnaea 6 (1831), DC. Prodr. 12

(1848) 73; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 950; Merr. Enum. Philip

3 (1923) 418. syn. nov.

An observation on the living plants and a study of a large num-

ber of herbarium materials bear out that there are many variations

of this most extensively cultivated species with reference to the

colour, shape and size of the leaves. Take Coleus laciniatus (B1.)

Benth. (or Plectranthus laciniatus Bl.) as an example, this species

is essentially characterized by its “foliis ovatis acuminatis laciniatis

aut inciso-serratis’. It has been demonstrated (Kuswata 1964,

unpublished) that the type with laciniate leaf-margins and irregular

venation can be raised from seeds of the form possessing shallowly

dentate leaf-margins and regular venation. Rife [in Proc. Summer

52 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 9. Coleus scutellarioides Benth.

a. flower; b. corolla, seen from above; c. calyx expanded; d. stamen,

Ovary and nectary disc; e. fruiting calyx and nutlet (fresh material).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae .. 53

Sch. Bot. 1960, pp. 334-340] has shown conclusively that the differ-

ence merely resulted from a single gene. Therefore, Dr. Backer’s

(1965) broad concept of the species Coleus scutellarioides Benth.

is accepted, with several varieties from definite geographic regions

recognized and enumerated below:

Key to the varieties of Coleus scutellarioides

A. Corolla usually below 12 mm long.

B. Upper calyx-lobe longer than or as long as the lower pair

of calyx-teeth; lateral teeth with rounded or truncate apices.

a. var. scutellarioides

B. Upper calyx-lobe shorter than the lower pair of calyx-teeth.

C. Lateral calyx-teeth with rounded or truncate apices

(Luzon, Philippines). b. var. crispipilus

C. Lateral calyx teeth with mucronate or apiculate apices.

D. Upper calyx-lobe straight; peduncles of cymes and

branches of thyrse not elongated, thus flowers closely

arranged in verticillasters. (Timor)

c. var. grandifolius

D. Upper calyx-lobe reflexed; peduncles of cymes and

branches of thyerse elongated, thus flowers laxly

arranged in verticillasters. (Mindanao, Philippines).

d. var. integrifolius

. » A. Corolla 14-18 mm long; upper calyx-lobe longer than the lower

pair of calyx-teeth; lateral teeth with rounded apices. (New

Guinea) e. var. gibbseae

2a. var. scutellarioides

A branched herb, 0.5—-1 m high, erect or ascending. Stems and

branches finely pubescent or glabrous. Leaves membranaceous,

very variable in size, shaped and colour, generally ovate in outline,

the blade 1-15 cm (generally 4-7 cm) long, 1-10 cm (generally

3-5 cm) wide, acute or acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate,

entire, margins elsewhere crenate, serrate, remotely crenate or

sometimes laciniate, pubescent on the main and secondary veins;

petioles 1-5 (-8) cm long. Flowers in irregularly branched cymes

disposed in simple or branched thyrses 5-10 (—25) cm long, 3-5

(—8) cm across; peduncles of the lateral cymes short or elongated;

bracts ovate-acute, pubescent, 2-3 mm long; deciduous. Calyx

obliquely campanulate, 10-nerved, 2—2.5 mm (in fruit 4-6 mm)

long, hirsute and sparingly gland-dotted, unequally 5-toothed; the

upper tooth broadly ovate, subacute; the two lateral teeth oblong-

obtuse, truncate or rounded, vary short; the two lower teeth subu-

late, connate; pedicels 3-4 mm long, pubescent. Corolla boat-

shaped, 8-13 mm long, puberulent, the tube abruptly decurved,

the upper lip short, erect, the lower lip long, concave, enclosing the

stamens and most part of the style. Stamens in 2 pairs; filaments

connate beyond the point of attachment to the corolla-tube. Nutlets

broadly ovate or orbicular, brown, shining, 1—-1.2 mm long.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

<eeeese

—)

“

2mm

Fig. 9a. Diagrams of the inflorescences and sketches of the fruiting calyces

of Coleus.

a. Coleus amboinicus Lour. (Lorzing 14366); b. C. scutellarioides

Benth. (fresh material); c. C. spariflorus Elmer (Elmer 11646); d. C.

galeatus Benth. (Backer 23267); e. C. macranthus Merr. (Merrill

4502).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 36

Distribution: From India, Malesia to Polynesia.

Ecology: From lowland to high altitudes; generally cultivated

for ornamentation, often escaped from cultivation.

Vernacular names: Djawer kotok (Java); Saribotang oeding;

Piladang; Boengo piladang (Sumatra); Ati-ati; Dune Ati-ati;

Hatisolo; Aroem gara (Malaya Peninsula); Ati-ati kedoyak, Myana

(Borneo): Ton kau (Moluccas); Lampunaga; Sahemaya; Mayana

(Philippines); Boedimoe pap (New Guinea).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Simaloer, Achmad 351] (L); Sumatra, Batten Pooll s.n. 1939

(Sing.); Banka, P. Lepar, alt. 75 m., Bunnemeijer 2369 (L); Bt. Tinggi,

alt. 1,000 m., Bunnemeijer 3038 (L); G. Malintang, alt. 1,100 m.,

Bunnemeijer 3510 (L); G. Sago, alt. 1,050 m., Bunnemeijer 3647 (L); G.

Merapi, alt. 1,200 m., Bunnemeijer 5075 (L); G. Talang, alt. 1,400 m.,

Bunnemeijer 5159 (L); P. Singkep, alt. 30 m., Bunnemeijer 7228 (L); Telok,

Bt. Ranggal, alt. 100-349 m., Elbert s.n. 1908 (L); Archipelago, Ind.

Blalauw, alt. 3,000 m., Forbes 1881 (L); Palembang, Moeara, alt. 150 m.,

Grashoff 483 (L); Lampong, G. Rate Berenong, alt. 400 m., Iboet 256

(L); Sibolangit, alt. 500 m., Lorzing 5344 (L); Asahan, Merrill 79 (L);

Gajo Loeas, Pringo Atmodja 220 (L); Palembang, Praetorius s.n. (L);

Batoe, Raap 387 (L); Palembang, 600 m., Voogd 1522 (L); East Coast,

Yates 1165 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Malacca, Burkill 3515 (Sing.); Perak Tanjong Malim,

Burkill & Haniff 13500 (Sing.); Perak, Tapah, Burkill & Haniff 13527

(Sing.); Perak, Grik, Burkill & Haniff 13647 (Sing.); Pahang, Burtong,

Burkill & Haniff 16536 (Sing.); Pahang, Pekan, Burkill & Haniff 17228

(Sing.); Penang, Curtis 466 (Sing.); Johore, Pulau Aor, Feilding s.n.

Oct. 1892 (Sing.); Perak, Telok Anson, Haniff 10315 (Sing.); Perak, Batu

Kurau, Haniff Sa’ah 13272 (Sing.); Perak, Tapah, Haniff 13971 (Sing.);

Perak, Kota Lawa, Kuala Kangsar, Haniff 15562 (Sing.); Perak, Hutan

Melintang, Haniff 15912 (Sing.); Perak, Kota Stia-Telok Anson, Haniff

15924 (Sing.); Perak, Telok Anson Haniff 15945 (Sing.); Perak, Lubok

Merbok, Kuala Kangsar, Haniff 15985 & 16004 (Sing.); Lower Perak,

Telok Anson, Bagan Datoh, Haniff 16273 (Sing.); Perak, Telok Anson,

K. Gajah, Haniff 16299 (Sing.); Perak, Taiping, Henderson 10107 (Sing.);

Singapore, Ang Mo Kio, Ridley 112 (Sing.); Singapore, Choa Chu Kang,

Ridley s.n. Oct., 1889 (Sing.}; Singapore. Kuala Lumpur, Ridley s.n. 1890

{Sing.); Singapore, Sungei Jurong, Ridley s.n. 1890 (Sing.); Singapore,

Bukit Timah, Ridley s.n. 1894 (Sing.); Singapore, Pulau Damar, Ridley s.n.

1897 (Sing.); Singapore, Galang, Ridley s.n. Feb. 1898 (Sing.); Trengganu,

Bundi, Rostados s.n. Feb. 1890 (L); Penang, Pulau Betong, Sinclair 39316

{L, Sing.); Perak, Jenah, alt. 70-100 m., Wray Jr. 1759 (L).

Java: Batavia, Backer s.n. 1905 (L); Soekaboemi, alt. 800 m, Backer

15205 (L); Madoera, P. Puteran, alt. 50 m, Backer 20832 (L); Batavia,

Wanajasa, alt. 750 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 4730 (L); Batavia, G. Parang,

alt. 700 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 4979 (L); Java, Blume s.n. (L) (several

collections); G. Parang, Blume 992 (L); Tjibeureum Tjiomas, Boerlage 219

(L); Pelaboean Ratoe, Boerlage s.n. 1888 (L); Bogor Hortus, Hallier D.

268, 269, 270, 271 & 275 (L); Patoea, Holstvoogd 425 a (L); Tegal,

Holstvoogd 578 b (L); Bawean, Karta 163 (L); Tjibodas, alt. 1,400 m, Raap

759 (L); Batavia, Tyjibogea, alt. 250 m, Schiffner 2478 (L); Bogor,

Soegandiredja 140 (L); Java, Waitz s.n. (L) (several collections); Java,

Zollinger s.n. (L).

Lesser Sunda Isiands: Timor, Coepang, Brown s.n. April 1803 (BM);

Timor, Moetis, alt. 1,800 m, Voogd 2308 (L).

Borneo: Sandakan, Bambangan, Dagong bin Bakir A 2745 (Sing.);

Borneo, Delmaar 1969 (L); Sandakan, Kadir A 1658 (L, Sing.); Sandakan,

Kadir A 2789 (Sing.); Sarawak, Sungei Tau, alt. 100 m, Purseglove P.

5166 (L, Sing.).

56 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Philippines: Mindoro, Mt. Yagaw, alt. 460 m, Conklin 76] (L); Samar,

Cuming 1683 (BM, K) (type of C. acuminatus Benth.); Mindanao, Lanao,

Cristina Falls, Ebalo 1200 (Sing.); Luzon, Illocos Norte, Mt. Quebrada,

alt. 110 m, Edano 3752 (L); Mindanao, Zamboanga del Norte, Jipay,

Frake 146 (L); Luzon, Rizal, Pasig, Barrio of Pineda, Merril! sp. Blanco.

190 (L); Luzon, Manila, Merrill 786 (L); Luzon, Rizal, Antipolo, Ramos

22284 (L); Luzon, Laguna, Ramos 24104 (L, Sing.); Luzon, Rizal, Mt.

Irig, Ramos s.n. Feb. 1923 (L).

Celebes: Lombasang, alt. 950 m, Bunnemeijer 11126 (L); G. Bonthain,

Bunnemeijer 12288 (L); Sidenren-rapang, alt. 20 m, Eyma 318 (L);

Masimboelong Enrekang, alt. 2,500 m, Eyma 995 (L); Enrekang, alt.

1,200 m, Eyma 1082 (L); Loewoek, Menado, Eyma 3799 (L); Celebes,

Forsten s.n. (L); Minahassa, Menado, alt. 200 m, Koorders 17364 (L);

Pakoe-oere, alt. 400 m, Koorders 17365 (L); Minahassa, Menado, alt. 10 m,

Koorders 17371 (L); Minahassa, alt. 5 m, Lam 2444 (L); Kg. Patimping,

Noerkas 260 (L); Pasang Kajoe, Rachmat 195 (L); Celebes, Teysmann

s.n. 1869 (L).

Moluccas: Tanimbar, Jamdena, Borssum Waalkes 3270 (L); Aroe, Kep.

Naaibor, alt. few m, Buwalda 5353 (L); Ceram, Kep. Kiandarat, alt. few m,

Buwalda 5789 (L); Ceram, Roho, alt. 100-200 m, Kornassi 517 (L);

Ceram, alt. nil, Kornassi 760 (L): Ceram, Tusschen Seti Konoesi, alt.

200-500 m, Rutten 404 (L); P. Bisa, Saanan 51 (L); Bara, G. Fogha,

Stresemann 375 a (L); Ceram, Ambon, Wiljes-Hissink 122 (L).

New Guinea: New Guinea, Atasrip 43 (L); Okaba, Branderhorst 65

(L); Northern New Guinea, alt. 5 m, Gjellerup 110 (L); Merauke, Koch

s.n. Aug. 1904 (L); Doorman River, alt. 240 m, Lam 1387 (L); Bismarck

Archipelago, Lauterbach 135 (L); New Guinea, Leeuwen 9236, 9523,

10507 & 10733 (L); Southern New Guinea, alt. 40 m, Pulle 1243 (L);

Amboina, Robinson 473 (BM, L); Southern New Guinea, Versteeg 1710 (L).

2b. Coleus scutellarioides Benth. var. crispipilus (Merr.)

comb. nov. et stat. nov.

Coleus pumilus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 482, ed. 2 (1845) 336,

ed. 3, (1878) 257: Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 78; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 956; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 420.

Coleus gaudichaudii Brig. in Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve

2 (1898) 237.

Plectranthus monadelphus Lianos ex F.-Vill. & Naves in Blanco

Fl. Filip. ed. 3, 4 (1880) 105, non Roxb.

Coleus macranthus Mertr. var. crispipilus Merr. in Philip. J. Sc.

1 (1906) suppl. 234.

Coleus crispipilus Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 5 (1910) Bot. 382, Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 419.

Coleus pubescens Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 3 (1908) Bot. 432, Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 420. syn. nov.

Coleus zschokkei Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 5 (1910) Bot. 382, Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 420. syn. nov.

Coleus formosanus Hayata in Matsum. & Hayata, Enum. PI.

Formos. (1906) 320; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. Taihoku

Un. II, 2 (1929) 145.

The shape and size of the leaves of this variety are varying from

ovate or reniform and small (3-4 by 2.5—3 cm) to broadly ovate

and large (10-13 by 8-9.5 cm). It can be easily recognized by the

fused lower calyx-teeth which are invariably much longer than the

strongly reflexed uppermost calyx-lobe.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 57

Type: Suyoe to Panai, Benguet, Luzon, Merrill 4780 (isotype,

K).

Distribution: Malesia (Luzon, the Philippines) and Formosa

(Botel Tobago Island only).

Ecology: In thickets or on open dry slopes at low altitudes,

and also in mossy forest at higher altitudes (2,000—2,500 m).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Rizal Ahern 3420 (K); Luzon, Benguet, Pulog,

Curran, Merrill & Zschokke 16146 (BM).& 16325 (K); Luzon, Zambales,

Mt. Aglao, Edano 26775 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Mt. Mariveles, Elmer 6720:

(K, L); Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8342 (K, L); Luzon, Tayabas,

Lucban, Elmer 9170 (K, L); Luzon, Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt. Bulusan, Elmer

15513 (K, L); Luzon, Laguna, Los Bano, Mt. Maquiling, Elmer 17693

(L); Babuyan Isls. Fenix 3892 (BM) (isotype of Coleus pubescens Merr.);

C. Luzon, Loher 4229, 4230 & 5038 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Merrill sp. Blanco:

190 (K); Culion Isl., Merrill 455 (K); Luzon, Suyoe to Panai, Benguet,

Merrill 4780 (K) (isotype of Coleus crispipilus Merr.); Luzon, Pampanga,

Mt. Arayat, Merrill 3911 (K, L); Manila, Merrill 3940 (K); Luzon,

Benguet, Mt. Pulog, Merrill 6529 (BM, K) (isotype of Coleus zschokkei

Merr.); Manila, Merrili 8017 (K, L); Luzon, Cavite, Talisay Ridge, Merrill

10625 (K, L); Luzon, Abra, Ramos 7069 (L); Camarine, Mt. Isarog, Ramos

22108 (K, L); Luzon, Rizal, Antipolo, Ramos 22284 (K); Luzon, Sorsogon,

Ramos 23482 (K, L)}; Luzon, Ilocos Norte, Bangui, Ramos 27496 & 27660

(K, L); Luzon, Rizal, Mt. Lumutan, Ramos & Edano 29667 (K, L); Luzon,

Ilocos, Burgos, Ramos 32747 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Mt. Irig, Ramos 41976

(K): Luzon, Rizal, Reillo 19228 (K); Luzon, Laguna, Mt. Maquiling,

Servina 16901 (L); Luzon, Manila, Vidal 3486 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Lamao

River, Whitford 185 (K, L).

The interpretation of Blanco’s Coleus pumilus is based on Mer-

rill’s Sp. Blanco no. 190 (From Rizal, Luzon; Oct. 1914).

With the broad concept of Coleus scutellarioides Benth. in mind,

I naturally thought of reducing Coleus pumilus Blanco to a variety

status. I am very pleased to note that Mr. K. Kuswata, who con-

ducted an experimental study on cultivated Coleus in the Univer-

sity of Singapore, came to the same conclusion in his unpublished

dissertation for the B.Sc. degree with Honours, University of

Singapore.

Merrill has earlier (1923) pointed out that Coleus gaudichaudii

Brig. is synonymous with C. pumilus Blanco. In addition, after

examining the isotypes of the following species: Coleus zschokkei

Merr. (Mt. Pulo, Benquet, Luzon, Merrill 6529, (K), May, 1909),

C. pubescence Merr. (Babuyan, Fenix Bur. Sc. 3892 (BM), June

12, 1908), and Coleus crispipilus Merr. (Suyoc to Panai, Merrill

4780 (K), Nov. 1905), I failed to find any substantial differences

between these and Coleus pumilus Blanco [except in C. pubescens

Merr., the leaves are sometimes much larger (up to 13 by 9.5 cm),

more pubescent, and the thyrses vary from 10 to 20 cm long,

densely flowered]. Therefore, I add them to the synonym list.

Type specimens of Coleus multiflorus Benth. (Lab. Gen. & Sp.;

“in Ins. Manilla, Perrottet’, in Herb. Mus. Par.) have not been

studied. Specimens identified and distributed by Merrill are merely

a narrow-leaved and less pubescent form of Coleus pubescens

Merr. which I consider a synonym of C. scutellarioides var.

crispipilus.

58 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

2c. Coleus scutellarioides Benth. var. grandifolius (Benth.) stat.

nov.

Coleus grandifolius Benth. Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1832) 54.

Leaves thin membranaceous, 10-12 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, acute,

‘abruptly narrowed into an acumen nearly 2 cm long, the base

rounded, entire, margins elsewhere coarsely dentate. Inflorescences

‘9-10 cm long; flowers 12-16 closely arranged in each verticillaster.

Corolla 10-12 mm long.

A variety characterized by the ovate lateral calyx-teeth with a

shortly apiculate or mucronate apex.

Type: Timor, Guichenot s.n. (type duplicates, K, L.)

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Timor).

Specimens examined: The type duplicates only.

2d. Coleus scutellarioides Benth. var. integrifolius (Elm.) stat. nov.

Coleus integrifolius Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7 (1915) 2696; Merr.

-Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 419.

Leaves ovate, 7-13 cm by 3-6 cm, the apex acute, the base

rounded-acute, entire, margins elsewhere finely crenate; petioles

4-6 mm long. Calyx 2-3 mm (in fruit 4-5 mm) long, the two

lower teeth (nearly completely fused except the tips) longer than

the other three. Corolla 8-9 mm long, strongly curved near the

base. Inflorescence in fruiting 20-25 cm long, 3-5 cm across.

This variety is characterized by the lateral calyx-teeth with

nucronate apices, and by elongated peduncles and side branches of

the thyrse.

Type: Cabadbaran (Mt. Urdaneta), alt. 660 m, Agusan, Minda-

nao, Elmer 13627, (BM, K, L) Aug. 1912.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Mindanao, Philippines).

Ecology: on slopes and steep shaded banks of streams, altitude

400-600 m.

Vern. name: Harinayam (Mindanao).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Sorsogon, Irosin (Mt. Bulusan), Elmer 15358 (BM,

K, L); Mindanao, Agusa, Cabadbaran (Mt. Urdaneta), Elmer 13627

(BM, K, L) (isotype of Coleus integrifolius Elm.).

2e. Coleus scutellarioides Benth. var. gibbseae (S. moore) stat. nov.

Coleus gibbseae S. Moore in L. S. Gibbs, Phytogeogr. & FI.

Arfak Mts. (1917) 178.

Leaves narrowly ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5—-2.5 cm by 0.5-0.8

cm, acute or acuminate, the base cuneate, entire, the margins else-

where serrate; petioles subsessile to 0.6 cm long. Inflorescence

15—25 cm long; flowers comnactly arranged in verticillaters. Corolla

1.5—1.8 cm long, if fully expanded.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 59

This variety differs from the typical form of the species in the

smaller and narrower leaves and the much longer corolla.

Types: N. W. New Guinea, Arfak Mts. alt. 2,300 m L. S. Gibbs

5909 (BM, holotype of Coleus gibbseae S. Moore; isotypes in

K.. L.).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (New Guinea).

Ecology: On forest floor, altitude 1,800—2,900 m.

Specimens examined:

New Guinea: Arfak Mts., Angi Lakes, alt. 2,300 m, Gibbs 5909 (Types.

BM, K, L); Wissel Lake region, 1,800—-2,900 m, Eyma 5026 (L); Star Mts.

Sibil Valley, alt. 1,200 N 1,300 m, Kalkman 4167 (L); Arfak Mts. Angi Gita

Lake, Kostermanns 2158 (L), Merauke, S. New Guinea, Versteeg 1833 (L).

3. Coleus macranthus Merr. in Philip. J. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 234,

5 (1910) Bot. 382, Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 419.

Erect, branched herb, 1-2 m high. Stems and branches rusty

pubescent when young. Leaves membranaceous, ovate, oblong-

ovate or narrowly rhomboid, 4-12 (15) cm long, 1.5-5 (—7) cm,

acute or broadly acute, the base rounded, subtruncate or acute,

always entire and decurrent; margins elsewhere serrate or remotely

dentate; puberulent on both surfaces but with more punctate

glands beneath; petioles 2-6 (—7) cm long, slender. Flowers 5-9

(rarely more) in short cymes arranged in terminal or subterminal

thyrses; thyrses 15—25 cm (in fruit to 30 cm) long, 4-5 cm across;

rachis glandular puberulent; bracts lanceolate, 2-3 mm _ long,

deciduous. Calyx campanulate, glandulate puberulent without,

4-7 mm (in fruit, 8-12 mm) long, the upper tooth broadly ovate,

acute, the lateral teeth short and rounded, the lower teeth linear

lanceolate, connate, longer than the rest. Corolla 1.5—-2 cm long,

slightly puberulent, the upper lip short and 3—lobed, the lower lip

concave. Nutlets ovoid, 1.2-1.6 mm long, glabrous.

Types: The Philippines, Luzon: Mt. Data, Lapanto, E. D.

Merrill 4502, 4505 (isotypes, BM, K, L, Sing.).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Luzon, the Philippines).

Habitat: In mossy forests at about 2,200 m.

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Benguet, Bagulo, Elmer 8529 (K, L); Luzon,

Pampanga, Mt. Pinatubo, Camp Stotsenburg, Elmer 22172 (L); Luzon,

Arayat, Loher 4193 (K); Benguet, Loher 4194 (K); Luzon, Data, Loher

4195 (K); Mt. Data, Merrill 4502 & 4505 (BM, K) (Isotype); Luzon,

Lepanto, Mt. Data, Ramos & Edano 40283 & 40298 (K, L); Luzon,

Lepanto, Mt. Sinapsapan, Ramos & Edano 40452 (L); Luzon, Benguet,

Pauai, Santos 32034 (BM, K).

Among the specimens cited above, two of them, Ramos & Edano

40283 (K, L) and Ramos & Edano 40298 (K, L) bear Merrill’s

handwritings as “Coleus macranthus var. stenophyllus Merr.” and

“Coleus longipes Merr.” respectively. I failed to find any difference

from the typical form of the species, except that in the former, the

leaves are remarkably narrower. Both names are not published.

‘60 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

4. Coleus sparsiflorus Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 7 (1915) 2699; Merr.

Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 420.

Coleus scutellarioides Elm. |.c. (1915) 2697, non Benth. 1830.

A suberect herb, 30-40 cm high, often branched below. Stems

and branches glabrous, rooted on the lower parts. Leaves mem-

branaceous, oblong-lanceolate or elliptic, 3-10 cm long, 1.5-4 cm

wide, acute or caudate, the base cuneate, entire, elsewhere crenate-

serrate or subentire; glabrous on both surfaces, the nerves hirsute

or puberulent; petioles 1-2.5 cm long, slender. Flowers 1-3 in

cymules disposed in short thyrses; thyrses terminal or on the

upper leaf axils, 2-4 cm long and across, the rachis puberulent,

3-5 branched; bracts ovate, 8-10 mm long, acute. Calyx turbinate,

3.5—4 mm (in fruit 5-6 mm) long, glandulate and hirsute; the upper

tooth rounded, 5-nerved (3 main nerves with 2 additional lateral

ones); the lateral teeth deltoid, pointed; the lower teeth lanceolate,

pointed, connate below, longer than the rest. Corolla boat-shaped,

10-18 mm long, the tube decurved, the limb 2-lipped. Stamens in

2 pairs. Nutlets (?immature, E/mer 13614) oblong-cylindric, 1.4

mm. long.

Type specimens: Todaya (Mt. Apo) Davao District, Mindanao,

Elmer 11646 (isotypes, BM, K, L). Sept. 1909.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Mindanao, the Philippines).

Kcology: In damp forest, alt. about 1,200 m.

Specimens examined:

__ Philippines: Mindanao, Mt. Apo (Todaya), Davao, Elmer 11646

(isotypes, BM, K, L), Mt. Urdaneta, Agusan, Elmer 13614 (isotypes of

Coleus scutellarioides Elmer, BM, K, L), Mt. Malindang, Misamis,

Mearm & Hutchinson 4662 (K), Mt. Mayo, Davao, Ramos & Edano

19424 (Sing.), Mahilucota River, Bukidnon, Ramos & Edano 38672 (K. L).

Isotypes of Coleus scutellarioides Elmer (a later homonym of

Coleus scutellarioides Benth.), Elmer 1361/4, have been examined,

they proved to be identical to Coleus spariflorus Elmer. Thus

confirmed the reduction made by Merrill in 1923.

5. Coleus galeatus (Poir.) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 56, in

DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 76; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 955; Back.

& Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 637.

var. galeatus

Germanea galeatus Poir. Encyc. 2 (1788) 763.

Plectranthus galeatus Vahl, Symb. Bot. 1 (1790) 43.

Plectranthus bicolor Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 837.

Coleus bicolor (Bl). Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 55, in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 75. syn. nov.

Plectranthus macrophyllus Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 835.

Coleus macrophyllus (Bl.) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 55,

in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 75. syn. nov.

Coleus remotiflorus Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 954. syn. nov.

Coleus spectabilis Mig. l.c. 2 (1858) 955. syn. nov.

Coleus macropus Mig. 1.c. 2 (1858) 956.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 61

A slender herb, up to 1 m high, erect or ascending, sparsely

branched. Stems and branches rusty pubescent when young. Leaves

varying from oblong to broadly ovate, mostly ovate, 6-12 (-18) cm

long, 3-8 (-13) cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base rounded or

shortly cuneate, subentire, margins elsewhere irregularly crenate,

glabrous above, pubescent on the nerves below; petioles 3-10 cm

long, very s'ender, puberulent. Flowers 5-8 (rarely up to 15) in

very short cymes disposed in terminal and axillary thyrses; thyrses

5—15 cm long, 4-5.5 cm across, often branched at the base; rachis

rusty-sericeous; bracts subulate, 2-3 mm long, deciduous. Calyx

subcampanulate, sericeous and gland-dotted, 3-5 mm (in fruit

7-8 mm) long, unequally 5-toothed; the upper tooth ovate, sub-

acute, often strongly reflexed, the lateral teeth deltoid, acute at the

apex, the lower teeth lanceolate-subulate, connate, longer than

the rest, accrescent in fruit. Corolla 1.5—2 cm long, puberulent, the

tube very slender below, slightly gibbous at the base, abruptly

decurved above; limb 2-lipped; the upper lip short and erect, the

lower lip concave; filaments partly exserted. Nutlets broadly ovoid,

| mm long.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia.

Ecology: In riverside or mountain forests, altitude from 350-

1,900 m. zi

Vern. names: Djawer kotok (Java), Boekoeham (Java), Selas-

sioetan (Sumatra).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: W. G. Talamau, Bunnemeijer 559--(L); N. W. G. Talamau,

Bunnemeijer 643 (L); S. Koeriman, alt. 850 m, Bunnemeijer 3300 (L),;

G. Malintang, alt. 1.200 m. Bunnemeijer 3741 (K, L); G. Kerintji, alt.

1,500 m, Bunnemeijer 9047 (L); Sumatra, Forbes 2/64 (BM); Sibolangit,

alt. 1,200 m, Lorzing 5744 (L); Bandarbaroe, alt. 1,250°m, Lorzing 6677

(L); Mt. Sago, alt. 900-1,200 m, Meijer 3346 (BM, L); Asahan, Loemban,

Rahmat Si Boeea 7988 (L); Korinchi, Robinson & Kloss s.n. 1914 (BM);

Palembang, G. Pakiwang, alt. 1,500 m, Steenis 3901 (L); Mt. Tanggamoes,

alt. 800 m, Voogd 155 (L).

Java: G. Boender, Backer s.n. Aug. 1909 (L); G. Slamet, alt. 1,200 m,-

Backer 282 (L); Goea Gadjah, alt. 400 m, Backer 5959 (L); Denoe, alt.

400 m, Backer 8968 (L); G. Salak, Pasir Pogor, alt. 1,200 m, Backer 9146

(L); Nirmala, alt. 1.500 m, Backer 10775 (L); G. Argopoero, alt. 1,200 m,

Backer 13224 (L); G. Gedeh, alt. 1,500-1,600 m, Backer 22269 (L);

Pekalongan, Lebak barang, alt. 350 m, Backer 23267 (K, L); Preanger,

Gandasoli, Halimoen, alt. 600 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 3145 (K, L);

Batavia, Pasir Limoes, Boerangrang, alt. 1,100 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink

4350 (K, L); Batavia, Pasir Dalem, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 5520 (K, L);

Java, Blume 2037 (lectotype of Plectranthus bicolor Bl.) & 2038 (L);

Tjibodas, Boerlage s.n. (L) (several collections); G. Papandajan, alt.

1,900 m, Coert 589 & 590 (L); G. Patoeha, alt. 2,000 m, Coert 617 (L);

Preanger Malabar, alt. 1,200—-1,400 m, Denker 99 (L); Java, Forbes 712

(BM, L); Java, Forbes 739 (K, L); Tyjibodas, Hallier 109 & 479 (L);

Tyjibodas, Sindanlaja, G. Gede, Harreveld s.n. Aug. 1907 (L); G. Salak,

Hasselt 640 (L); Taloen, Ind. 160 (L); Java, Junghuhn 57 (K, L); Bandoeng,

62 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Pengalengan, Kartamah 409 (L); G. Gedeh, alt. 1,400 m, Kern 8297 (L);

Preanger, Tjibodas, alt. 1,450 m, Koorders 31904 B (L); G. Karang,

Koorders 40711 B (L); Java, alt. 1,500 m, Koorders 42585 (K); Besoeki,

Kalibendo, alt. 200 m, Koorders 43194 & 43196 B (L); Java, Korthals

s.n. (BM); G. Patoeha, Korthals s.n. (L); G. Talagabodas, Korthals s.n.

(L,; Lembang, Korthals s.n. (L); Preanger, Kamodjan, alt. 1,600 m,

Leeuwen-Reymaan 2441 (L); Preanger, G. Mandalagiri, alt. 1,650 m,

Lam 23 (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 650 m, Lieftinck s.n. Dec. 1940 (L); G.

Tlerep, alt. 1,750 m, Lorzing 597 (L); Tjipetir, Monchy s.n. May 1890

(L); Tyibodas, Monchy s.n. May 1890 (L); Tyjibodas, alt. 1,600 m,

Pleyte 90 (L); G. Salak, alt. 1,200 m, Raap 159 (L); Tjibodas, alt. 1,400 m,

Raap 664 (L); Tyibodas, Tjisaroea, Raap 849 (L); G. Oeroeg, alt. 2,000 m,

Rant 343 (L); Mt. Salak, Ridley s.n. Feb, 1915 (K); Batavia, G. Pasir-

Angin, alt. 500 m, Schiffner 2474 (L); Preanger, G. Kantjana, Soegandiredja

27 (L); G. Papandajan, alt. 2,200 m, Steenis 4026 (L); Mt. Patoeha,

alt. 1,800 m, Steenis 6873 (L); Tjisoroea, alt. 1,020 m, Steenis 12747 (L);

G. Melatti, Went s.n. (L); Boerangrang, alt. 1,100 m, Wisse 1236 (L);

Java, Zippelius s.n. (L); Java, Zollinger 1709 (BM, L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Bali, G. Pala, alt. 475 m, Sarip s.n. Sept. 1918

(L). |

Moluccas: Moluccas, Zippelius s.n. (L).

The lectotypes, type duplicates or their fragments of the follow-

ing Javanese species have been studied: (1) Plectranthus bicolor

BI. “Java, ad pedem montis Salack”, Blume s.n. (L); (2) Plectran-

thus macrophyllus Bl. “ Java, sylvaticis montosis” Blume s.n. (L);

(3) Coleus remotiflorus “Java, in Soerakerta” Horsfield Lab. 112,

(Bm, K, U 76818A); (4) Coleus spectabilis Mig. “Java, in Blam.-

bangan” Horsfield s.n. (Bm, K, U 69541). They proved to be

identical with Coleus galeatus Benth.

5a. Coleus galeatus Benth. var. borneensis var. nov.

A typo differt racemis et pedunculo elongatis, calycis fructiferi

magis.

Type: Penataran Basin, alt. 1,000 m, Clemens 34199 (L).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Borneo).

Ecology: In dipterocarps and oak forests, altitude 1,000—1,800 m.

Specimens examined:

Borneo: Ranau, alt. 1,300 m, Badak san. 32378 (K); Mt. Kinabalu, E.

Shoulder, alt. 1,000 m, Chew, Corner & Stainton 1027 (K); Mt. Kinabalu,

Ulu Liwagu & Ulu Mesilan, alt. 1,800 & 1,300 m, Chew, Corner &

Stainton 1417 & 1947 (K); Mt. Kinabalu, Minitindox Gorge, Clemens

10476 (K); Dallas, alt. 1,000 m, Clemens 26084 (K); Tenompok, alt.

1.700 m, Clemens 30028 (K); Penataran Basin, alt. 1,000 m, Clemens

34199 (type L); Tenompok, Kota Belud, alt. 1,600 m, Meijer 20325 (K);

Kinabalu, Ranau, alt. 1,500-1,800 m, Meijer & Corner 22439 (K);

Kundasan, alt. 1,500 m, Sinclair 8990 (K, L).

The Borneo material differs from the typical form of the species

from Java in the much larger thyrses (20-25 cm long, 5-6 cm

across) due to the more elongated main axis and extended pedun-

cles of lateral cymes and cymules, and in the much larger fruiting

calyx (1.2-1.5 cm long).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 63

10. CYMARIA BENTH.

Cymaria Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 1292 (1829); in Benth. & Hook.

ietyren. Fh 2 (C/G) i222, Brig. in’ Pe. & P. Pil. Fam. 4, 3a

(1897) 209.

Anthocoma Zoll. & Mor. in Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. Neerl. Ind.

2 (1845) 569.

Shrubs. Stems and branches 4-angled. Leaves opposite, petiolate.

Flowers small, in lax, many-flowered, peduncled, dichotomously

branched cymes; cymes usually axillary, sometimes the upper

ones forming a terminal thyrsoid inflorescence. Calyx campanulate

(in fruit urceolate or subglobose), 10-nerved, the intermediate

nerves weaker than the other 5, equally 5-toothed. Corolla-tube

straight, exserted; limb 2-lipped; upper lip arched, erect; lower

lip 3-lobed, spreading, the mid-lobe larger than the lateral. Stamens

4, ascending under the upper lip, in two pairs, the upper pair

shorter; anthers 2-loculate, divaricate, the locules connivent, at

length confluent. Disk equal, entire. Style 2-fid at the end, the

upper branch very short. Nutlets subglobose or obovoid, subtrique-

trous, rugose, the apex beset with white hairs; scar of contact

surface very large, lateral.

Species about 3, from Burma, Thailand, Indo-China, S. China

(Hainan) to Malesia. The following two species are found in

Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Leaves usually thin membranaceous, narrowly elliptic or

narrowly ovate, peduncles subsessile or sometimes 0.5-1 cm

long; flower-bearing branches extremely fine and slender, few

(4-6) flowered; bracts often prominent; fruiting calyx sub-

globose.

1. C. acuminata

A. Leaves usually membranaceous, ovate or rhomboid; peduncles

1-3 cm long, flower-bearing branches slender, usually 6-12

flowered; bracts minute, inconspicuous; fruiting calyx urn-

shaped, normally crowned with erect teeth.

2. C. dichotoma

1. Cymaria acuminata Decne. in Nouv. Ann. Mus. Paris (Herb.

Timor. Decne.) 3 (1834) 71; Deles. Ic. Pl. 3 (1837) t. 86; Benth.

in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 602; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 992;

Prain in Ann. Bot. 6 (1892) 215; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl.

3 (1923) 408: Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 617.

Anthocoma flavescens Zoll. in Nat. en Geneesk. Arch. 2

(1846) 569; Hassk. Fl. 30 (1847) 596.

Gomphostemma dichotoma Zoll. et Mor. in Hassk. Flora 30

(1847) 596.

Cymaria mollis Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 992.

Gomphostemma flavescens (Zoll.) Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859)

987.

? Cymaria timoriensis Backer in Herb. Leiden.

64 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

A small shrub, 1 m high. Stems and branches 4-angled, finely

pubescent when young, glabrescent at length. Leaves thin mem-

branaceous, narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate, 5-8 cm long, 3-4

cm wide, acuminate or sometimes acute, the base cuneate or attenu-

ate, the margins serrate, finely hirsute on both surfaces; petioles 1-2

cm long, hirsute. Flowers 4-6 or more secundly arranged on the

slender branches of axillary dichotomous cyme; main peduncles

either subsessile, or sometimes 0.5—1 cm long, puberulent; flower-

bearing branches 0.5-1.5 cm long, bracts prominent, bracteoles

inconspicuous. Calyx campanulate, 1.5 (in fruit globose, 2.2) mm

long, sparingly hirsute. Corolla 2 mm long. Nutlets ovoid, flattened,

1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex beset with short white hairs.

Type specimen: Timor, Decne s.n. (not seen).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Isis.,

Celebes, and the Philippines).

Ecology: In open thickets and secondary forests, usually at low

altitudes.

Specimens examined:

Java: Madoera, 50 m, Backer 20914 (L); Soerabaja, Backer 36290 (L);

Negoro Goenoeng, Beumee 1087 (L); Besoeki, alt. 100 m, Buwalda 7277

(L); (fis. yellowish white); Mt. Semarang, Horsfield s.n. (K) (type specimen

of Cymaria mollis Miq); Kediri, Koorders 22758 & 22968 (L); Java,

Teysmann 1869 (L); Java, Zollinger 3318 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Babar Is. Borssum 3020 (L) (stout herb, 0.5 m;

fls, yellow); Tanimbar Is., Borssum 3194 (L) (fils. whitish); Timor Teysmann

11672 (L); Timor (?), Zippelius s.n. (L); Hort. Bogor (Cult.), Collector

unknown (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 446 (K, L); Mindanao, Fenix 24966 (K);

Mindanao, Zamboanga. Hallier 636 (L); Luzon, Batangas, Ramos 1833

(L, Sing.) & 22324 (K); Rizal, Ramos 13587 (K, L); Sulu, Tawitawi,

Ramos & Edano 44048 (L, Sing.).

Celebes: S. E. Coast Elbert 2958 (L); Salabosi, Noerkas 385 (L);

Laboeanpero, Kjellberg 1279 (L).

This is probably an extremely variable species. The following

specimens are notably deviated from the typical form of the

species: Zollinger 3318 and Horsfield s.n. (all from Java; the

latter is the co-type of Cymaria mollis Mig.) possess very large

leaves, up to 13 x 7.5 cm, and subsessile peduncles; Teysmann

11672 (from Timor, which was identified as Cymaria timoriensis

Backer, although this binomial has never been published) has

extremely thick and densely tomentose leaves and multi-flowered

verticillasters, more or less comparable to the type specimens of

Cymaria elongata Benth. (Wallich 2079, from Taong Dong, Burma)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 65

except the flowers are much smaller; Hallier 636, Ramos & Edano

44048 (all from the Philippines) possess much thinner and narrow-

er leaves and denser inflorescence. Their basic flower structures are

similar.

2. Cymaria dichotoma Benth. in Wall. Cat. 2080 (1828), in Bot.

Reg. sub. ¢. 1292 (1829), in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1831) 64, Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1836) 705, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 603; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 992; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 705;

Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 66 (1899) 522, 74 (1907) 936; Ridl.

Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 654; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14,

1 (1940) 227.

A shrub, 1 m high or slightly over. Stem and branches faintly

4-angled, finely pubescent. Leaves membranaceous, ovate or rhom-

boid, 5-11 cm long, 3.5-6 cm wide, acute or subacute, rarely

acuminate, the base cuneate or attenuate, entire; margins else-

where crenate or remotely dentate; glabrous above, appressed

pubescent beneath; petioles 0.5-2 cm long, finely pubescent.

Flowers small, 6-15 secundly arranged on the branches of cyme;

main peduncles 1-3 cm long, finely pubescent; bracts under

branches varying from ovate, spathulate to lanceolate, 3-5 mm

long. Calyx campanulate, 1.5 mm (in fruit urceolate, 2.5 mm long,

often crowned with the erect, lanceolate teeth) long, glandulate and

pubescent; teeth 5, equal, triangular; pedicels short and slender,

finely pubescent. Corolla 2.5 mm long, finely pubescent externally.

Filaments ascending under the upper lip, included. Nutlets obovoid,

1.2 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, reticulate, the apex glandulate and

beset with short hairs.

Type specimen: Burma, Taong Dong et Segain, Wallich 2080

(K).

Distribution: Burma, Thailand to S. China (Hainan) and Male-

sia (Malay Peninsula, Philippines, Celebes and New Guinea).

Ecology: Often found on limestone hills, at low altitudes.

Specimens examined:

Malay Peninsula: Perak, Padang Rengas, Burkill 13573 (Sing); Perak,

Ipoh, Curtis 3189 & 3320 (Sing); Perak, Kuala Kangsar, Haniff 15996

(Sing); Perlis, Tebing Tinggi, Henderson 23030 (Sing); Perak, Ipoh,

Fox 10686 (K, Sing); Perak, Ipoh, Ridley 9734 (K, Sing); Ridley 14297

(K, Sing); Kedah Ridley 14927 (K, Sing); Perlis, Bt. Lagi, Ridley 14929

(K, Sing); Perak, Ipoh, Ridley s.n. Jan. 1921 (K); Perak, Scortechini s.n.

March 1894 (K, Sing).

Philippines: Philippines, Micholitz s.n. in 1884-84 (K).

Celebes: Moena Isls., alt. 0-125 m, Elbert 2872 a & b (L); Lozewoek,

Kaudern 498 (L).

New Guinea: Papau, Kanosia, alt. sea level, Carr 1/2/6 (K, L) (1.3 m,

tall; fls. white, dorsal petal yellowish green).

66 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 10. Cymaria dichotoma Benth. (a-d) and C. acuminata Decne.

(e. & f.).

a. diagram of cymose inflorescence; b. flower; c. ovary; d. fruiting

calyx and nutlet (in 2 views); e. flower; f. fruiting calyx and nutlet (in

2 views) (a-d, Elbert 2872; e. & f. Backer 20914).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 67

11. DYSOPHYLLA BL.

Dysophylla* Blume, Bi'dr. (1826) 826; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f.

Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1180; Briq. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897)

330.

Erect herbs, usually pubescent. Leaves opposite, whorled, petio-

late or sessile. False-whorls many-flowered, in densely spike-like

inflorescence, terete; bracts minute, densely hairy. Calyx ovoid,

5-toothed, the teeth subequal, ciliate; throat naked within. Corolla

minute, tubular, straight; tube exserted (in Malesian spp.); limb

subequally 4-fid, 2-lobed, the upper lobe entire or notched, the

lower spreading. Stamens 4, exserted, nearly straight; filaments

beared; anthers 2-loculate, confluent. Disk equal, subentire. Style

slender, 2-fid at the top. Nutlets ovoid or oblong, smooth or

granulate.

Species about 15, all in S.E. Asiatic, mostly in India; only one

species, D. stellata Benth., extended to Australia. 2 species and 1

variety are found in Malesia.

Key to the species and varieties

A. Leaves opposite; stems and branches very densely pilose.

1. D. auriculata

A. Leaves whorled (or spuriously so).

B. Leaves 4-10 in a whorl; stem and branches glabrescent or

very sparingly hairy. 2. D. stellata var. stellata

B. Leaves 4 in a whorl; stem and branches tomentose or

pubescent. 2a. D. Stellata var. roxburgiana

1. Dysophylia auricularia (Linn.) Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 826; Benth.

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1833) 158, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 156; Hook.

f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 638; Prain, in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74,

2 (1907) 710; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 415; Ridl. Fl. Mal.

Pen. 2 (1923) 648; Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 378; Mukerj.

in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 79: Back. & Bakh. f. FI.

Java 2 (1965) 633.

Mentha auricularia Linn. Mant. 1 (1767) 81.

Mentha foetida Burm. f. Fl. Ind. (1768) 126.

Pogostemon auricularius (Linn.} Hassk. in Tijdsch Nat. Geschied

10 (1843) 127, Cat. Bog. (1858) 131; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2

(1859) 964.

*According to Dr. Bakhuizen van den Brink, Jr. (In Back. & Bakh.

f. Fl Java 2 (1965) 633), Alopecuro-Veronica Linn. Amoen. Acad. 4

(1759) 143, is the prior and legitimate name of the genus. Therefore,

Dysophylla Bl. has either to be conserved or to be discarded. Although

it is a rather small genus, I am in favour of conserving Blume’s name.

which is shorter and more meaningful. (See addendum on page 179).

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

ral

Ce tl

ee S-5

{mm

f Imm {mm

Fig. 11. Dysophylla auriculata Bl. (a-d) and D. stellata Benth.

var.

roxburgiana H. Keng (e-h).

a. flower; b. bract; c. stamen; d. fruiting calyx and nutlet; e. flower;

f. bract; g. stamen; h. fruiting calyx. (a-d, Houring 7338; e-h, Meijer

6053).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae

An erect annual herb. Stems simple ur laxly branched, 30-70

cm high, pubescent with spreading hairs. Leaves opposite, mem-

branaceous, narrowly ovate to ovate, 4-6 cm long, 2-3 cm wide,

acute or rarely obtuse, the base cuneate or rounded, entire; margins

elsewhere irregularly serrate; pubescent on both surfaces; petioles

2-8 mm long, hairy. Flowers in dense, villous, terminal, cylindric

spicate inflorescence, 4-7 cm long; false whorls of cymes close-set

throughout; bracts narrowly elliptic, long ciliate. Calyx subcam-

panulate, gland-dotted, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 5-toothed, the teeth

subequal, triangular; calyx in fruit urn-shaped, the teeth often

incurved over the nutlets. Corolla 2—2.5 mm long; tube slender,

exserted; lobes obtuse, pubescent. Filaments 3.5-4 mm _ long,

slender, villous. Nutlets ellipsoid, 0.6 mm long and 0.4 mm wide,

finely reticulate.

Distribution: Throughout Southeast Asia.

Ecology: A common weed, in open wet places at low and

medium altitudes (often below 1,200 m).

Vernacular names: Kosetjing-Koetjing (Sumatra); Ekor Kuching

(Malaya); Kambing Kambing (Borneo).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Padang, Beccari 878 (K); Sumatra, Biinnemeijer 3277 (K);

Sumatra, alt. 1,350 m, Biinnemeijer 5160 (K) (“Koetjing’’); Lingga Arch.,

Biinnemeijer 6024 & 7148 (L); Lampong, Iboet 458 (K, L); Medan,

Lorzing 12944 (L); Karo Highlands, Lorzing 14394 (L); Enggano,

Liiticharms 3830 (K, L, Sing.) & 5385 (L); Djambi, Posthumus 753 & 864

(L); Gajo, Loeds, Pringgo Atmodjo 253 & 272 (L); Alas, Landen, Pringgo

Atmodjo 406 (L); Poelio Liman, Rahmat Si Boeea 5334 (L); Asahan,

Hoeta Tomoean Dolok Rahmat Si Boeea 8469 (L); Asahan, Tomoean

Dolok, Alt. 1,000 m, Rahmat Si Boeea 9050 & 9929 (L); Asahan, Tor

Matoetoeng, alt. 1,792 m, Rahmat Si Boeea 9442 (L); Berastagi, Ridley s.n.

Feb. 1920 (K) (Type of Dysophylla auricularia var. montana Ridley);

Korinchi, alt. 820 m, Robinson & Kloss s.n. May 1914 (K); Korinchi,

alt. sea-level, Robinson & Kloss s.n. June 1914 (K); Palembang, Steenis

3348 (L).

Malaya Peninsula: Pahang, Bentong, Best 13871 (Sing.); Singapore,

Queenstown, Burkill 1864 (Sing.) (fls. violet); Pahang, Gali Raub, Burkill

& Haniff 16840 (Sing.) (“Ekor Kuching’); Pahang, Evans s.n. June 1917

(Kj; Singapore, Furtado s.n. April 1924 (Sing.) (“Tingo Toh Chau”);

Negri Sembilan, Batang Malaka, Fuyimoto 3033 (Sing.); Malacca, Panchor,

Goodenough 1265 (Sing.); Malacca, Griffith s.n. 1845 (K); Pahang, Chegar

Perah, Henderson 19356 (Sing.); Johore, Bukit Poumong, Cha’ah,

Henderson 38274 (Sing.); Singapore, Hullett 375 (Sing.); Johore, Kota

Tinggi, Kadim & Noor 265 (Sing.); Johore, Kuala Kahang, Lake &

Kelsall 4028 (Sing.); Kelantan, Kuala Limau Nipis, Nur 1/2/63 (Sing.);

Pahang, Katapang, Ridley 1286 (Sing.); Singapore, Jurong, Ridley s.n.

1890 (Sing.); Singapore, Ang Mo Kei, Ridley s.n. 1890 (Sing.); Singapore,

Chua Chu Kang, Ridley s.n. 1894 (Sing.); Johore, Pulau Kukul, Ridley

s.n. 1905 (Sing.); Selangor, Ridley s.n. July 1914 (K); Pahang, Kuala

Tahan, Seimund 822 (Sing.); Johore, Kota Tinggi, Teruya 1/82 (Sing.);

Singapore, Geylang, Teruya 2216 (Sing.); Malaya, Walker 64 (K); Penang,

Wallich s.n. 1822 (K); Perak, Taiping, Wray 763 (K); Kelantan, Yapp

243 (K).

Java: Batavia, alt. 300 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 6559 (L); Bantam, Buwalda

2838 (L); Tjibodas, Enoh 100 (L); Ketenger, alt. 500 m, Gaag /16 (L);

Buitenzorg, Hallier 285 b, c & e (L), Java, Horsfield s.n. (K); Batavia,

Kooders 31409 (L); Djogdja, Meijer 2744 (L); Tjibodas, Ooststroom 13988

(L); G. Salak, alt. 1,200 m, Raap 168 (L); Batavia, Schiffner 2470 (K,L),

2475, 2490, 2499 & 2500 (L): Java, Zollinger 726 & 336 (K).

70 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Borneo: N. Borneo, Pembliangam, Amdjah 810 (K, L); Sarawak, Bau,

Anderson 47 (K, Sing.); N. Borneo, Jesselton, Clemens 9711 (K); Sarawak,

Kapit, Upper Rejang, J. & M.S. Clemens 21060 K, L); Sarawak, Baraang,

Haviland s.n. Nov. 1888 (Sing.); Sarawak, Niah, Haviland & Hose 3598

(K); Borneo Korthals s.n. (L); N. Borneo, Sandakan, Leano 5422 (K,

Sing.) (““Kambing Kambing’’); N. Borneo, Kinabatangan, Maidin 1748

(K); Borneo, Pontianak, Mondih 264 (K, L); Borneo, Banjermasing,

Motley 423 (K); Sarawak, Sematan, Purseglove & Shah 1824 (K. L)

(Herb 2 ft.; fis. lilac); Sarawak, Sungei Tau, Purseglove 5165 (L, Sing.);

Anambas & Natoena Isls., Steenis 786 (L); Borneo, Samarinda, Winkler

3128 (L); N. Borneo, Sandakan, Wood 786 (Sing.).

Philippines: Philippines, Cuming 1835 (K); Luzon, Sorsogon, Elmer

15671 (K); Culion Is!. Merrill 683 (K, Sing.); Palawan, Taytay, Merrill

1228 (Sing.); Luzon, Laguna, Ramos 12034 (K); Siargao Isl., Ramos &

Pascasio. 34971 (Sing.); Luzon, Camarines, Paracale, Ramos & Edano 33603

(Sing.); Bukiduon, Barrio Sumpong, alt. 650 m, Santos 6025 (L).

Celebes: Lombasang, alt. 950 m, Biinnemeijer 11112 (L); Malili,

Eyma 3366 (L); Menado, Poso, Eyma 4050 (L); Kendari, Kjellberg 606 (L).

Moluccas: Ambon, Kornassi 1127 (K, L); Ceram, Rutten 1609 (L).

New Guinea: S.W. New Guinea, Aét 715 (L) (fis. blue); Japen, Aet &

Idjan 752 (L); Kaiserin Augusta River, Gjellerup 352 (L); Koeria,

Janowski 607 (L); Nr. Doorman River, Lam 1255 (L); Vogelkop Pen.

Schram 6129 (L); Mamberamo, Versteegh 37 (L).

2. Dysophylla stellata (Lour.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1

(1830) 30, descrip. excl., Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1833) 159, descrip.

excl. in DC Prodr. 12 (1848) 158, descript. excl.

var. Stellata.

Mentha stellata Lour. Fl. Cochinch. 2 (1790) 361.

Mentha verticillata (non L.) Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 44,

nom. nud. Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 5.

Dysophylla verticilldta (Roxb.) Benth. in Wall. FI. As. Rar.

1 (1830) 30, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 157: Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. 4 (1885) 639; Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 876;

Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 648; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923)

416; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14 (1940) 81.

Pogostamon verticillatus (Roxb.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 965.

Dysophylla benthamiana Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. 5, Bot. 5 (1866)

234: Merr. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 24, 2 (1935) 342.

Annual (or sometimes perennial) herb, erect or climbing. Stems

laxly or profusely branched, 10-100 cm high, glabrous or very

sparsely hirsute. Leaves in whorls of 4-10, glabrous, linear, 3-7

(or more) cm long, 0.2-0.5 cm wide, acuminate, the base attenuate:

margins entire or obscurely serrate; petioles very short or sessile.

Flowers in villous, cylindric, terminal spicate inflorescence, 3-6

cm long; false whorls of cymes close-set throughout. Calyx cam-

panulate, with soft, white hairs, 1-1.2 mm long; teeth subequal,

triangular, spreading. Corolla tubular, about 2 mm long, the lobes

pubescent. Filaments exserted, hairy. Nutlets ellipsoid, pale borwn,

minute.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 71

Distribution: India to S. China and Japan, through Malesia to

Australia.

Ecology: In open wet places, normally at low altitudes; in

Celebes and New Guinea, however, it occurs from low to medium

altitudes and reaches 1,500 m or even 2,000 m.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Kota Pulai, Meijer 6053 (L) (fis. pink).

Malay Peninsula: Kedah, Lankawi, Cutis 2098 (Sing.); Perak, Deikum

32 (Sing.) (fils. pink); Perlis, Ridley s.n. 1910 (Sing.).

Java: Bogor, Teysmann s.n. 1869 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 1471 (K); Philippines, Cuming 1653 (K).

Celebes: Manado, alt. 700-1,300 m, Bloebergen 4173 (L); Tanette,

alt. 450 m, Biinnemeijer 12545 (L); G. Bonthain, alt. 1,400 m, Biinnemeijer

12624 (K, L); Masamba, alt. 1,100 m, Eyma 1260 (L) (fls. lilac).

Moluccas: Halmahera, Haan 1791 (L) (fils. pale purple-blue); Morotai,

Main & Aden 782 (L).

New Guinea: Papua, Vanapa Valley, alt. 1,900 m, Brass 4809 (K, L);

Papau, Dagwa, Oriomo River, Brass 59/7 (K); Papua, Lake Daviumbu,

Brass 7820 (K, L) (fils. purple-pink); Papua, Koitaki, alt. 500 m, Carr 12670

(K); Papua, Milne Bay, alt. 1.000 m, Cruttwell 1220 (K); Morobe, Bulolo,

alt. 1,000 m, Havel 7552 (L); Papua, North Dist., Hoogland 4219 (L);

West Highland Dist., alt. 1,700 m, Hoogland 6230 (K, L); Hebar Valley,

alt. 540 m, Koster 8022 (L) (fls. purple) & 8025 (L) (fis. lilac); Aiyura

alt. 2,000 m, McKee 1258 (K, L); Morobe, N.G.F. 3265 (L); Ajyura,

alt. 1,490 m, Royen 4455 (L).

Dysophylla verticillata (Roxb.) Benth. as Merrill (in Trans.

Amer. Phil. Soc. 24, 2 (1935), p. 342) correctly pointed out, was

based on an invalid basionym, Menth verticillata Roxb., and

therefore should be abandoned. Although the descriptions and the

citation of specimens of Dysophylla stellata (Lour.) Bentham, as

published in Wallich’s Plantae Asiaticae Rariores, and in Bentham’s

later works, clearly refer to an entirely different Indian plant (of

which the type specimens were collected by Heyne from Malabar

and by Hamilton from Mysore), the binomial alone, should still be

considered as a legitimate one.

To clear up this nomenclatural confusion*, the Southern Indian

plant in question (types from Malabar and from Mysore) is here

referred to Dalzell’s valid binomial, Dysophylla tomentosa, with a

citation of the important synonyms and literatures as follows:

Dysophylla tomentosa Dalz. in Hook. Kew J. 2 (1850) 337; Hook.

f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 641.

var. tomentosa

Dysophylla stellata (Lour.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830)

30, excl. type, pro descriptione; Lab. Gen. et Sp. (1833) 159,

excl. type, pro descriptione, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848), 158,

excl. type, pro descriptione;

For the clarification of nomenclature of these two species (Dysophylla

stellata Benth. and D. tomentosa Dalz.), | am very grateful to Dr. Wm. T.

Stearn, Mr. L. L. Forman, Dr. Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. and Miss

Jirayupin Chermsirivatna, for their helpful suggestions and discussions.

72 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Dysophylla stellata Benth. var. tomentosa (Dalz.) Cooke, FI.

Bomb. 2 (1908) 458; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1

(1940) 80.

Dysophylla tomentosa Dalz. var. gracilis (Dalz.) comb. nov.

Dysophylla gracilis Dalz. in Hook. Kew J. 2 (1850) 337; Hook. f.

F]. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 641.

Dysophylla erecta Dalz. in |.c. 337; Hook. f. l.c. 641.

Dysophylla stellata Benth. var. gracilis (Dalz.) Cooke, Fl. Bomb.

2 (1908) 458; Gamble, Fl. Madras (1924) 1137; Mukerj. Lc. 81.

These two varieties are confined to the Deccan Peninsula, S.

India.

2a. Dysophylla stellata (Roxb.) Benth. var. roxburgiana var. nov.

Dysophylla quadrifolia (Roxb.) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.

1 (1830) 30, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 157; Hook. f. Fl. Brit.

Ind. 4 (1885) 639; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 415; Fl. Mal.

_. Pen.; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 79.

Mentha quadrifolia Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 44, nom. nud., FI.

Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 4 (non D. Don 1825).

Erect herb, perennial; stems simple or laxly branched, 30-50 or

more cm high, tomentose throughout. Leaves always 4 in a node,

membranaceous, linear or linear-lanceolate, 3-6 cm long, 0.3—0.7

cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base cuneate or decurrent; scatter-

ed pubescent on both surfaces; margins remotely serrate, or sub-

entire; petioles 0.2-0.4 cm long, more commonly sessile. Flowers

in dense cylindric terminal (sometimes also axillary) spicate

inflorescence, 3-6 or more cm long; whorls of cymes very closely

approximate; bracts linear lanceolate, long haired and ciliate; calyx

obconical, 1.5—2 mm long, sparsely hirsute, the teeth equal, more

or less erect, ciliate on the margins; corolla 2—2.5 mm long, shortly

lobed; stamens barely exserted, villose. Nutlets broadly ellipsoid.

Distribution: S. & E. India, Burma to Malesia (Philippines,

Celebes, and New Guinea).

Ecology: On or near wet places, altitudes 40-950 m.

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Davao, Mindanao, Copland 483 (L); N. Vizsaya Prov.

Luzon, Ramos 8277 (L).

Celebes: Lombasang, W. Celebes, alt. 950 m, Biinnemeyer 10961 (L);

Beao, alt. 300 m, Kjellberg 2230 (L).

New Guinea: Dagwa, W. Division, Papua, Brass 59/7 (L); Kebar

Valley, E. of Audjai, alt. 550 m, Kalkman 6403 (L); Kebar Valley, W. of

Manokwari. V. Royan 3967 (K, L); S. New Guinea, Wentholt 255 (L)

(lalang growth, flowers red-blue).

For the same reason as mentioned above, Bentham’s Dysophylla

quadrifolia is also based on an illegitimate name Mentha quadri-

folia Roxb., and therefore should be abandoned. Besides, I do not

think it is specifically different from Dysophylla stellata (Lout.)

Benth.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae fis

12. ELSHOLTZIA WILLD.

Elsholtzia Willd. in Roem & Usteri, Mag. 6, 11 (1790) 3; Benth.

in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1181; Briq. in E. & P.

Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 327.

Aphanochilus Benth. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 1282 (1829).

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, usually petiolate. False-

whorls in spike-like or paniculate inflorescence, slender or stout,

terete or secund; bracts linear to lanceolate, usually small (in

Malesian species). Calyx ovoid or campanulate, 5-toothed, the

teeth unequal. Corolla tubular, shortly exserted, straight or incurv-

ed; limb 4- or 5-lobed, obliquely 2-lipped, the upper lip erect,

notched, the lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, divergent

or distant, often slightly unequal; anthers 2-loculate, the locules

divaricate or at length confluent; filaments naked. Disk produced

behind the ovary, oblique. Style subequally 2-fid with subulate

lobes. Nutlets minute, ovoid, glandulate and pubescent (in Male-

sian species).

Species about 60, northern temperate and warm parts of the

Old World; 3 species in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. False-whorls consisting of fewer (2-12) flowers, apart, secund,

in spike-like inflorescence; calyx 2 mm (in fruit 2.5—-3 mm) long,

the calyx tube gibbose, sparsely short-haired. 1. E. blanda

A. False-whorls consisting of many (usually over 15) flowers,

closely approximate, terete, in dense spike-like or panculate

inflorescence; calyx tubular, not gibbous.

B. Leaves elliptic or elliptic ovate, often covered with brownish

yellow hairs beneath; inflorescence stout; calyx 44.5 (in

fruit 6—6.5) mm. long, sparsely covered with curled yellowish

hairs; bracts lanceolate. 2. E. elata

B. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, velutinous or sometimes gla-

brous beneath; inflorescence slender; calyx about 2 (in

fruit 3-4) mm long; densely covered with long white hairs;

bracts linear. 3. E. pubescens

1. Elsholtzia blanda (Benth.) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1833) 162,

in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 160; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 643.

Aphanochilus blanda Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 29,

Bot. Mag. 58 (1831) ¢. 309J.

Herb, woody below, about 1 m tall. Stems often branched, pube-

tulous or hoary. Leaves elliptic lanceolate, 3-5 cm long; 0.5—1 cm

wide, acuminate, the base attenuate, narrowed into the petiole, the

margins coarsely serrate, glabrous above, puberulous and dark

glandulate on the lower surface; petioles 0.5 cm long. False whorls

few-(2—12) flowered, closely apart, secund, in spike- or panicle-like

inflorescence, 5-12 cm long; bracts lanceolate, 1-2.5 mm _ long.

74 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV ( 1969)

‘4

‘

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\ “~<-—_— — -— 4

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Fig. 12. Elsholtzia blanda Benth.

a. diagram of the inflorescence; b. leaf; c. flower; d. stamen; e.

gynoecium and nectary disc; f. corolla expanded; g. fruiting calyx;

h. nutlet (flower, Biinnenmeijer 5678; fruit, Larringer 6175).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae as

Calyx urceolate, 1.5-2 mm (in fruit 2-3 mm) long, glandulate

pubescent without, 5-toothed; mouth of fruiting calyx slightly con-

tracted; teeth erect, lanceolate. Corolla campanulate, 2.5-3 mm

long, 2-lipped, sparingly pubescent. Stamens in 2 pairs, subequal;

filaments pubescent. Nutlets broadly ellipsoid, flattened, about

0.7 mm long.

Distribution: Himalayas to Burma and Malesia (Sumatra).

Ecology: In open places and forest edges at low to medium

altitudes from 900 to 1,500 m.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Kabandjahe, alt. 1,225 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 6179 (L);

Sumatra, Beccari 250 (K); Mt. Marapi, alt. 1,500 m, Borssum Waalkes

2114 (L) (undershrub, fis. green yellow); G. Singgalang, alt. 1,300 m,

Biinnemeijer 2796 (L); G. Talang, alt. 1,350 m, Biinnemeijer 5101 (K, L);

Bt. Gombak, alt. 1,350 m, Biinnemeijer 5678 (L); Dairi Lands, alt. 1,400 m,

Dames 61 (L); Toba Lake, alt. 900 m, Huitema 42 (L); Karo Lands,

alt. 1,350 m, Lorzing 5922 (L); Karo Lands, alt. 1,350—-1,500 m, Lorzing

13804 (L); Piso-piso, alt. 1,400 m, Lorzing 15563 (L); Berastagi, Nur 7288

(K) (fils. white); Berastagi, Ridley s.n. Feb. -1921 (K) (fls. white); E.

Sumatra, alt. 1,300 m, Schiffner 2469 (K, L).

2. Elsholtzia elata Zoll. & Mor. in Nat. Geneesk. Arch. N. I.

(Obs. Phyt.) 2 (1845) 5; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 161; Miq.

Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 966.

Elsholtzia eriantha Benth. in Herb. Mus. Berol. mss., in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 161; Migq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 966. syn. nov.

Shrubby, 2 m or more high, sparsely branched. Stems and

branches slender, tomentose. Leaves thin membranaceous, elliptic

to elliptic-ovate, scabrous or sparingly hirsute above, tomentose

and glandulate beneath, 5-7 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, acute, the

base attenuate, entire, the margins elsewhere serrate; petioles

0.5—0.8 cm long. Spurious spikes 7-10 cm long, solitary or forming

paniculate inflorescence; false-whorls closely approximate, many

(usually over 20-) flowered; bracts narrowly lanceolate or ovate,

3.5-4 mm long, pubescent and ciliate. Calyx tubular, 4-4.5 cm

(in fruit 6-7.5 mm) long, appressed with soft curled hairs, the

teeth subequal. Corolla 6—-7 mm long, puberulent. Stamens puberu-

lent, exserted. Style briefly 2-fid. Nutlets narrowly ellipsoid, about

12 mm long, 5 mm broad, yellowish brown, glandulate and

pubescent.

Type: E. Java, Zollinger 2188 (K, L).

Distribution: Malesia (Java).

Specimens examined:

Java: E. Java, alt, 2,000 m, Backer 37644 (L); Ngadisari, alt, 2,000 m,

Koorders 37620 & 37621 (L); Java, Junghuhn 55 (K); Tasari, Ridley s.n.

Jan. 1915 (K); E. Java, Zollinger 2188 (K, L) (type).

The type locality of Zollinger & Moritzi’s Elsholtzia elata is

stated as “E. Java, in de bergstreken 3—9,000’ germeen, in W. Java

bij Tjipanas zeldzaam (Zoll.)”. The only specimen available in the

Leiden Herbarium is Zollinger no. 2188 (also from E. Java) which

bears Zollinger’s handwriting identified as Elsholtzia elata. It

76 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

happened to be the same collection number cited by Bentham (in

DC. Prodr. v. 12, p. 161) as the type specimen of Elsholtzia

eriantha. Therefore, I reduce the latter as synonymous with

Elsholtzia elata Zoll. & Mor.

3. Elsholtzia pubescens Benth. Gen. Lab. & Sp. (1833) 162. in

DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 161; Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 965; Back.

& Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 632.

Elsholtzia mollissima Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832-36) 163, in

DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 161.

Anisochilus euneurus Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 957. syn. nov.

An erect herb, 1-2 m high. Stems and branches slender, densely

tomentose. Leaves membranaceous, very narrowly elliptic to

narrowly lanceolate, 6-8 cm long, 2.5-3 cm wide, acute or

acuminate, the base acute or cuneate, the margins serrulate;

pubescent above, velutinous or tomentose beneath; petioles 0.5—1.5

cm long. False whorls many- (20—30-) flowered, closely apart or

widely apart or widely apart below, forming terminal spike-like or

paniculate inflorescence; bracts linear to linear-lanceolate, 1.5—2

mm long, densely pubescent. Calyx tubular, narrowed on both

ends, densely covered with long, white hairs, 2-2.5 mm (in fruit

4—4.5 mm) long, 5-toothed, the teeth unequal, sharply pointed.

Corolla about 4 mm long; stamens 4, in 2 pairs, exserted; style

briefly 2-fid. Nutlets narrowly ellipsoid, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,

puberulent and gland-dotted.

Type: Java, Commerson s.n. (P) (not seen).

Distribution: Malesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Isls., Celebes).

Specimens examined:

Java: G. Prabata, alt. 1,350 m, Backer 15978 (L); Pekalongan, alt. 1,450-

1,550 m, Backer 16062 (L, Sing.); E. Java, Coert 1173 (L); Java, alt.

1,300-1,400 m, Elbert 142 (L); Java, Horsfield 337 (BM, K, U) (Type of

Anisochilus eunurus Miq.); Diéng, alt. 2,000 m, Karsten 32 (L}; G. Lawoe,

alt. 1,300 m, Karsten 43 (L); Besoeki, Koorders 14822 (L): Semarang,

Koorders 27787 (K, L); Semarang, alt. 1,600 m, Koorders 36055 (L);

Besoeki, alt. 1,450 m, Koorders 43191 (L) & 43193 (K, L); Pranten,

Docters Van Leeuwen 167 (L); Besoeki, alt. 1,700-3,000 m, Neth. For.

Ser. 5 (L); G. Lawoe, alt. 1,433 m, Rant s.n. 1922 (L); G. Welirang,

alt. 2,000-2,800 m, Steenis 7045 (L): Besoeki, alt. 1,600 & 1,800—2,400 m,

Steenis 10682 & 10908 (L, Sing.); G. Andjasmoro, alt. 1,900 m, Winckel

34 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, alt, 2,200—-2,500 m, Elbert 1024, 1057,

2327, 2337, 2374 & 2764 (L); E. Timor, alt. 2,400-2,950 m, Steenis 18433

(L) (1-1.5 m, high; fils. white tinged pink, anther black); Lombok, G.

Rindjani, alt. 2,000-3,000 m, Tengwall 47 (L); Lombok, Voogd 2079

(BM, K, L).

Celebes: Lombasang, alt. 950 & 1,100 m, Biinnemeijer 11682 (Sing.)

& 11817 (K, L); Mt. Bonthain, alt. 1,000 m, Steenis 10393 (L).

Anisochilus euneurus Mig. is based on Horsfield’s collection

from G. Praoe, Java. The type specimen kept in the Utrecht

Herbarium is identical with two other specimens kept in the Kew

Herbarium and British Museum; the latter two specimens bear

the collection number 337. They are indistinguishable from

Elsholtzia pubescens.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae

13. EURYSOLEN PRAIN

Eurysolen Prain in Sc. Mem. Med. Offic. Ind. 11 (1898) 43; Kudc

in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agr. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 275; Mukerj.

in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 226.

A herb or undershrub. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Flowers

small, in many flowered false whorls condensed in terminal and

axillary spicate inflorescences. Calyx tubular-campanulate,

10-nerved, 5-toothed, the teeth nearly equal, throat naked within.

Corolla shortiy exserted; tube annulate within, gibbous in front

above the annulus; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip erect, slightly

concave, retuse at the tip, the lower 3-lobed, spreading, the mid-

lobe broader than the lateral ones. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, the

lower pair slightly longer; anthers ellipsoid, 2-loculate in bud,

later confluent into 1-loculate; filaments puberulous with short

hairs. Disk uniform. Style briefly 2-fid, the upper branch very

short. Nutlets ovoid, subtriquetrous, papillose glandulate; scar of

contact surface very large, lateral.

Monotypic, Burma, Thailand, Malesia (Sumatra, Java) to S. W.

China (Yunnan).

1. Eurysolen gracilis Prain in Sc. Mem. Med. Offic. Ind. 11 (1898)

43, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9 (1906) 61, pl. 75; Kudo in

Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agr. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 276; Mukerj.

in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 227; Wu in Act. Phytotax.

8 (1959), 2.

Herb or undershrub, 30 cm to 1 m high. Stems and branches

puberulous. Leaves membranaceous, ovate to rhomboid, 6-8 cm

long, 2.5-4 cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base acute or alter-

nate, entire; margins elsewhere serrate, glabrescent on both

surfaces; petioles slender, 1.5—-3 cm jong. Flowers 6—10 in a false

whorl, in terminal or upper-axillary spicate inflorescences, 8-15

cm long. Calyx tubular, 3—3.5 mm (in fruit 4-4.5 mm) long,

sparsely puberulous and papillose-glandulate externally, 10-nerved,

subequally 5-toothed, but hardly 2-lipped. Corolla tubular, 5-6.5

mm long; tube exserted, annulate within, slender and straight

below the annulus, gibbous in front above the annulus; limb 2-

lipped; upper lip short and erect, slightly concave and retuse at

the tip: lower spreading, 3-lobed, the midlose the largest. Stamens

4, in 2 pairs, the lower pair longer, all exserted; anthers ovate-

reinform, 1-loculate; filaments puberulous. Ovary very briefly

stalked; style 2-fid. Nutlets ovoid (about 1 mm in immature

specimens), papillose-glandulate, with a large scar on ventral

surface.

Type specimen: Burma, Kachin Hills, Prain’s collector, s.n. (K).

Distribution: Burma, Thailand to S$. W. China (Yunnan) and

Malesia (Sumatra, Java and The Lesser Sunda Islands).

Ecology: In ravines, mount trails or moist valleys at low to

medium altitudes (700—1,800 m).

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

ride [PAN He

a ~“--S Se=

——oe ee

Fig. 13. Eurysolen gracilis Prain.

a. flower; b. corolla, showing the annulus and the gibbosity; c. por-

tion of upper lip of corolla with stamens and style; d. ovary; e. fruit-

ing calyx; f. 4 nutlets; g. nutlet, seen from ventral side, (flower,

Kostermans 18343; fruit Steenis 11118).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 79

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Scolak Dras, Korinchi, alt. 1,000 m, Robinson & Kloss s.n.

March 19, 1914, (BM, Sing); Sungei Kumbang, Korinchi, alt. 1,500 m,

Robinson & Kloss 130 (flowers white) (BM, K, Sing.).

Java: Besoeki, Jang Plateau East, Ravine of Djeloewang, alt. 1,800 m,

van Steenis 11118 (K, Sing.).

Lesser Sunda Islands: W. Soembawa, Balu lanteh, Mt. trail, from

Baludulang to Pusu, alt. 700-800 m, Kostermans 18343 (K) (herb, up to

1 m, fls. white, common from 900—1,100 m, in moist valleys on open places).

I am indebted to Miss Chirayupin Chermsirivathana who cor-

rectly identified Robinson & Kloss 130 from Sumatra as belonging

to this species. This led to the further discoveries of three more

collections from the Malesian regions by myself. This monotypic

genus was previously known only from Burma and S. W. China

(Yunnan). Miss Chermsirivathana was also able to identify several

collections from Thailand as referring to this species.

14. GOMPHOSTEMMA WALL. ex BENTH.

Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 12;

Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1216; Prain in

Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 242; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl.

Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 223.

Perennial herbs or subshrubs, sometimes tuberous. Stems coarse,

tomentose or stellately pubescent. Leaves opposite, large, mostly

long-petiolate. Flowers medium or large, in few- to many-flowered

false whorls, often forming densely sessile or laxly branched

cymose inflorescence, rarely seemingly racemose; bracts ovate,

lanceolate or linear. Calyx campanulate, 10-nerved, subequally

5-toothed. Corolla-tube slender, erect or incurved; throat narrow

or inflated; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip galeate, entire or

emarginate, the lower lip spreading, broadly, 3-lobed. Stamens 4,

pubescent, all ascending, the lower pair longer; anthers connivent

in pairs, each anther 4-loculate in bud, later 2-loculate, the locules

transverse, parallel. Disk subequal or gibbous behind. Style very

briefly 2-branched, the lobes subulate, the antherior one slightly

longer. Nutlets drupaceous, glabrous or pubescent, the pericarp

usually fleshy and white, with a broad hilum; only 1 or 2,

rarely all 4 developed.

Species about 30, confined to South-eastern Asia, from E. India,

Burma to S. W. China and Malesia.

Prain’s scheme of classification of the genus into 3 sections,

namely, Stenostoma, Podosiphon, and Eugomphostemma, is

essentially based on the corolla characters. This has been employed

as the basis for constructing the following key. Admittedly without

flowering specimens, it is almost inapplicable. After examining a

large number of herbarium specimens, two other features, namely

the nature of the inflorescence and the shape and size of the calyx

teeth, are considered useful in differentiating the Malesian species.

8 species are recognized and enumerated below.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Key to the species

A. Corolla with almost straight tube and narrow throat, glabrous

internally; nutlets usually 1 or 2 (§ Stenostoma).

B. Calyx teeth triangular or lanceolate, much shorter than the

tube.

C. Flowers few in a verticil and forming axillary spurious

racemes; calyx (in flower) 7-8 mm long, the teeth

lanceolate. 1. G. racemosum

C. Flowers many in densely congested axillary verticils;

calyx (in flower) 6-7 mm long, the teeth triangular.

2. G. microcalyx

. Calyx teeth linear-subulate or narrow lanceolate, as long as

or longer than the tube; flowers in lax, axillary, pedunculate

often branched cymes.

C. Calyx teeth narrow lanceolate, nearly as long as the

tube; plants generally covered with dark brownish

tomentum. 3. G. parviflorum

C. Calyx teeth linear-subulate, considerably longer than

the tube; plants generally covered with ash-grey tomen-

tum. 4. G. crinitum

. Corolla with broad, distinctly incurved tube and inflated throat:

nutlets usually 1-4.

B. Corolla-tube hirsute internally, and included in the calyx;

lips small; nutlets usually 1-3 (§ Podosiphon).

5. G. hemsleyanum

B. Corolla-tube glabrous internally, and exceeding the calyx;

lips large and prominent; nutlets usually 4 (§ Eugom-

phostemma)

C. Calyx-tube not ribbed: ovary glabrous or punctate:

flowers in lax, pedunculate, branched cymes; stems

ascending. 6. G. curtisii

C. Calyx-tube often conspicuously ribbed: ovary villous or

hispid; flowers more or less congested in axillary verti-

cils; stems erect.

D. Flowers about 10-15 in a verticil: bracts linear-

lanceolate; calyx (in flower) 10-15 (-20) mm long:

calyx-teeth generally shorter than the tube: corolla

40-45 (-50) mm long. 7. G. javanicum

D. Flowers about 20 in a verticil; bracts subulate; calyx

(in flower) 18-25 mm long; calyx-teeth often con-

siderably longer than the tube; corolla 45-60 mm

long. 8. G. scortechinii

1. Gomphostemma racemosum van Steenis ex H. Keng.

Planta erecta, circiter 2 m alta: caulibus sulcatis: ramulis et

foliis et inflorescentiis desissimo ferrugineo- vel aureo-hirsuto-

velutinis; foliis chartaceis, ellipticis vel rotundato-ellipticis, 10-20

cm longis, 6-13 cm latis, apice acutis, basi lato-acutis, margine

denticulato, supra velutino-pilosis ad costam, subtus dense ciliatis;

petiolo 1-5 cm longo, dense velutini; verticillastris racemosis

dispositis, axillaribus, pedunculis dense cinereo pubescentibus, 4-7

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 81

Fig. 14. Gomphostemma racemosa Steenis ex H. Keng.

a. flower; b. stamen (in 2 views); c. half corolla (upper portion)

with stamens; d. ovary; e. calyx expanded, seen from inside. (Steenis

8684)

82 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (i969)

cm longis, rachibus usque 6 ad 7 cm longis; pedicellis subsessilis,

bracteis parvississimis, linearis; calycibus 7-8 mm longis, costatis,

extus dense pubescentibus, tubo cylindrico intus glabro, lobis

lanceolatis, graciliter acuminatis, circiter 3 mm longis; corolla

18-20 mm longa, tubo plus minusve adpresse hirsuto.

Type specimen: N. Sumatra, Atjeh, Gajolanden, alt. 1.000 m,

Van Steenis 8684 (Type, L, duplicate Bo, K), Feb. 7 1937 (1-2 m

tall, calyx hairy inside, corolla white, ovary glabrous).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia.

Ecology: In forest, along stream, alt. 1,000 m.

Specimens examined:

N. Sumatra, Atjeh, Gajolanden, alt. 1,000 m, Van Steenis 8684 (Type,

L, duplicates, Bo, K), Feb. 7, 1937 (1-2 m, tall, calyx hairy inside,

corolla white, ovary glabrous); Atjeh, bores Takengon, Van Steenis 5815

(BO) Aug. 28, 1934; Atjeh, Gajolanden, alt. 1,050-1,150 m, Van Steenis

9845 (BO) Mar. 19, 1937 (humid forest, fruit globular, with | kernel);

Atjeh Gajolanden, Laut Tawar, Jocheme 237 (BO) Jan. 18, 1924.

This species can be readily recognized by the axillary spurious

racemose inflorescence which is unique throughout the genus.

2. Gomphostemma microcalyx Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 59

(1890) 316, 74 (1907) 723, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891)

251, pl. 84; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 652.

A coarse perennial herb, 60-150 cm high, woody below. Stem

stout, erect, hoary pubescent and scabrid. Leaves herbaceous,

oblong-ovate, 12-15 cm long, 7-9 cm wide, acute, the base abruptly

cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere entire or crenate or remotely

toothed, finely stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; petioles of

upper leaves 1-2 cm long, of lower leaves 4-5 cm long, scabrid.

Flowers in dense, few-flowered whorls in the axils of the lower

leaves and on the bare stem below the leaves; bracts ovate-lanceo-

late, entire, 6-7 mm long. Calyx 6-7 mm long; teeth short, triangu-

lar, less than half as long as the tube. Corolla 2.5-3.5 cm long,

puberulent externally; throat very narrow. Style and ovary glabrous.

Nutlets smooth, glabrous.

Type: Malay Peninsula; Perak, Ulu Bubong, Kustler (or Dr.

King’s collector) 10445 (K. type) 1886 (shrub, about 1 m high, in

dense bamboo forest, alt. 150-200 m, flowers rich orange yellow).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Sumatra and Malay Penin-

sula).

Ecology: In dense forests from lowland to medium altitudes

(150-1,400 m).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Soengai Koeriman, alt. 1,000 m, Biinnemeijer 3479 (L);

Kerintji, alt. 1,100, 1,500 & 1,700 m, Bunnemeijer 8228, 8414 & 8866 (BO):

Kerintji alt. 1,400 m, Jacobs 4546 (L); Sibolangit, alt. 400 m, Lorzing 5769

(L); Bangunpurba, Serdang, alt. 300 m, Lorzing 14646 (L); Dijambi,

alt. 200 m, Posthumus 943 a (BO, L); Asahan, Pargambiran, Rahmat si

Boeea 5738 & 5815 (L); Palembang, Ranaumeer, alt. 1,600, 550 & 500 m,

Steenis 3385, 3488 & 3776 (L); Asahan, Yates 1738 (K).

Malay Peninsula: Perak, Larut, alt. 600-700 m, Kustler 2155 (K); Perak,

Ulu Bubong, alt. 150-200 m, Kustler 10445 (K) (Type of Gomphostemma

microcalyx Prain); Perak, Tapah, Ridley 1406] (Sing.); Perak, Larut Hills,

Ridley s.n. 1891 (Sing.); Malacca, Ridley s.n. (Sing.); Perak, Tapah,

Wray 835 (Sing.).

£)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 83

The collection number of the type specimen was erroneously

given by Prain as Kunstler 10455. It should be Kunstler 10445.

This species, as pointed out by Prain, is nearest to G. parviflorum

Wall. but with a much smaller calyx with diminutive teeth and a

much narrower corolla. Their basic structures of inflorescences are

also very different: verticils sessile, densely congested in G.

microcalyx; verticils pedunculate, lax and often branched in

G. parviflorum.

3. Gomphostemma parviflorum Wall. Cat. n. 2158/1 (in parte)

Herb. Heyne (1828) et n. 2158/E (1859) nom. nud.; Benth. in

Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 12, (in parte); Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

4 (1885) 697 (in parte); Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.

3 (1891) 252, pl. 86. Barker & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 619.

Gophostemma dichotomum Zoll. & Mor. Syst. Verz. (1846) 54;

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 986.

Gomphostemma bartlettii Merr. in Pap. Mich. Acad. Sci. Art

Let. 1933, 19 (1934) 191. Syn. nov.

A coarse, erect shrub, 2.5—-3 m high. Stems stout, sulcate, densely

covered with brownish stellate-tomentose. Leaves chartaceous,

elliptic-ovate, 15-20 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, acute, the base

attenuate, entire; margins elsewhere finely serrate, hirsute above,

densely tomentose beneath; petioles 2-4 cm long, tomentose.

Flowers in lax or condensed, many-flowered, axillary, pedunculate

often branched cymes; bracts lanceolate to ovate, 1-1.5 cm long.

Calyx 1-1.4 cm long, densely tomentose externally; teeth narrow

lanceolate, nearly as long as the tube. Corolla 2-2.5 cm long,

puberulent externally, the throat narrow. Style and ovary glabrous.

Nutlets smooth, glabrous, 8 mm long, 3 mm broad.

Distribution: India, Burma to Malesia (Sumatra, Java).

Ecology: In moist and shaded rain forest, alt. 300—1,500 m.

Vern. names: Sarang banoea, Soeri-soeri, Kotok ring2 (Sumatra).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Between Panapparan & Pagar Batoe Habinsaran, Bartlett 7935

({L) (Isotype of Gomphostemma bartlettii Merr.); Koerintji Peak, alt.

1,500 m, Bunnemeijer 8414 (K, L); Asahan, Lower slope of Dolok si

Manoek-manoek, Rahmat si Boeea 9772 (L); Asahan, Aek si Tamberak,

Rahmat si Boeea 10644 (L); Toba, Loemban Loboe, Rahmat si Boeea

10874 (L); Toba, Aek Riman, Rahmat si Boeea 11405 (L).

Java: Zollinger 2028 (BM) (Type of Gomphotemma dichotomum Z. &

M.)

Prain (l.c.) reduced G. dichotomum Z. & M. to a synonym of

G. parviflorum Wall. An examination of the type specimen of the

former justifies the reduction. I also consider the above-listed

specimens from Sumatra, including the isotype of G. bartlettii

Merr. as belonging to G. parviflorum Wall., a species formerly

found in the Indo-Burma region.

84 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— X XIV (1969)

4. Gomphostemma crinitum Wall. Cat. 2159/1 (1828) nom. nud.;

Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 12, Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835)

648, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 552; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859)

987; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 695; Prain in Ann. Roy.

Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 254, pl. 88, in J. As. Soc. Bengal 74

(1907) 724 (incl. var. griffithii); Rid]. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 652.

Gomphostemma parviflorum (non Wall. ex Benth. 1831) Benth.

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835) 648, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 551; Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 987.

A coarse perennial herb, 50-150 cm high. Stems stout, erect,

sulcate, hoary-pubescent or scabrid. Leaves herbaceous, elliptic-

ovate or oblanceolate, 25-30 cm long, 8-15 cm wide, acute, base

cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere entire or remotely serrate,

pubescent above, softly pubescent or tomentose beneath; petioles

2-5 cm long, scabrid. Flowers in lax or condensed, many-flowered

axillary, often branched cymes; bracts linear, lanceolate or ovate-

lanceolate, 1-2 cm long. Calyx 1.5—2 cm long, hispid-tomentose;

teeth linear subulate, 0.9-1.3 cm long. Corolla 2.5-3.5 cm long,

puberulent externally; the throat narrow. Style and ovary glabrous.

Nutlets smooth, glabrous, 6 mm long, 3 mm broad.

Distribution: Burma (Tenasserim) Indo-China and Malesia

(Malay Peninsula).

Ecology: Usually on limestone cliffs or at the base of limestone

hills, altitudes 1,300—1,750 m.

Vern. name: Mungulon Bukit (Malay Peninsula).

Specimens examined:

Malay Peninsula: Perak, Tambun, Burkill 6298 (K, Sing.) (fis. dull

yellow, on limestone cliff); Upper Perak, N. of Lawin, Burkill 12484

(Sing.); Perak, Grik, Burkill & Haniff 13783 (Sing.); Kedah, Kroh, alt.

130 m, Corner 38046 (K, Sing.); Perak, Ipoh, Curtis 319] (Sing.); Pahang,

Sungai Yu, Foxworthy & Nur 11922 (Sing.); Selangor, Ulu Selangor,

Ulu Selangor, Goodenough s.n. Oct. 1899 (Sing.); Malacca, Griffith 4042

(K); Perak, Taiping, Batu Tegoh, Henderson 10058 (Sing.); Pahang,

Tembeling, Henderson 21770 (BM, Sing.); Perak, Tanjong Rambutan,

Henderson 23773 (Sing.); Pahang, Raub, Bukit Serdam, Henderson 25061

(Sing.); Negri Sembilan, Ulu Bendol, Bukit Linggung, Holttum 9836

(Sing.); Pahang, Kuala Tembeling, Holttum 2053] (Sing.); Seiangor,

Ginting Simpak, Hume 9263 (Sing.); Selangor, Ginting Bidai, Kloss s.n.

(BM, K); Malacca, Malvius 2130 (Sing.); Trengganu, Ulu Brang, Morsey

& Kiah SFM 33705 (Sing.); Pahang, Cameron Highlands, Nur 32572 (BM);

Pahang, Ridley 2149 (BM, Sing.); Pahang, Kuala Tahan, Ridiey 2185

(K, Sing.); Malacca, Ridley s.n. June 1892 (Sing.); Selangor, Ginting

Neras, Ridley 7600 (Sing.); Selangor, Ridley 8564 (BM); Perak, Ipoh,

Ridley s.n. Feb. 1904 (Sing.); Perak, Ridley 14298 (BM, K, Sing.);

Perak, G. Kerbau, alt. 1,300-1,500 m, Robinson s.n. June 1913 (BM, K):

Perak, Hulu Kavanse, Scortechini 928 (Sing.); Perak, Ipoh, Sinclair 9849

(K, Sing.) (on limestone rocks); Penang, Wallich 2159/1] (K); Penang,

Wallich s.n. (K); Perak, Kota Kambong, Wray 3340 (Sing.); Upper Perak,

alt. 100 m, Wray 3775 (Sing.).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 85

5. Gomphostemma hemsieyanum Prain ex Collett & Hemsley in

J. Linn. Soc. 28 (1890) 116; Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc.

3 (1891) 250, pl. 82, Backer & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 619.

A perennial herb, about 60 cm high. Stems erect, woody, 4-

angled, su'cate, densely tomentose. Leaves oblong to elliptic ovate,

6-12 (—18) cm long, 3.5—-4.5 (-7) cm wide, acute, the base attenuate;

margins crenuate-serrulate, hispid above, densely greyish tomentose

beneath; petioles 1-1.5 (-3) cm. long. Flowers numerous in axillary

subglobular false whorls, the upper ones almost forming an inter-

rupted spurious spike; bracts linear lanceolate, 6-12 mm long,

2-3 mm wide; calyx tubular-campanulate, 12-14 (in fruit 16-22)

mm long; teeth broadly lanceolate, 7-9 mm long; corolla 8-10 mm

long, incurved, hirsute internally below the throat. Nutlets 1-3,

smcoth, glabrous, ellipsoid, 4.5 (-6) mm long, 2.5 (-5) mm broad.

Distridution: upper Burma and Malesia (Java).

Ecology: in arid, sunny place, at low altitude.

Specimen examined:

Java: Near Asem Bagus, E. Java, at. 150 m Backer 824] (BO), May

1913.

This interesting Burmese plant was collected only once by the

late Dr. Backer. The specimen available is essentially a fruiting

branch, with a few detached flowers contained in a folder. The

general habit, and the inflorescences agree very well with the type

of the species which is illustrated in Prain’s monograph. The

dimensions of the leaves and the flower parts, however, are much

smaller in our plant than those in the typical form. The leaf-margin

of our specimen is crenuate-serrulate, instead of argute serrate, as

described by Prain.

6. Gomphostemma curtisii Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 59 (1890)

315, 74 (1907) 75, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 266,

p!. 92; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 654.

Cyrtandromoea repens Ridl. in J. Roy. As. Soc. Str. Br. no. 57

(1910) 74, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 543. Syn. nov.

A coarse perennial herb, 60-150 cm high. Stems flexuose, ascend-

ing, scabrid. Leaves herbaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, or cordate,

8-12 cm long, 3-7 cm wide, acute, base very shortly cuneate;

margins serrate or denticulate, sparsely hirsute above, adpressed

tomentose beneath; petioles 3-12 cm long, tomentose. Flowers

many in lax, axillary, branched cymes at the lower part of the

stem: bracts oblong, 10-15 mm long, long-acuminate, entire or

crisped. Calyx 12-14 mm long, smooth, glabrous within: teeth

subulate-lanceolate, slightly larger than the tube. Corolla 25-35

mm long, distinctly recurved, puberulous externally. Style and

ovary glabrous. Nutlets glabrous or punctate, oblong-ovoid, 6 mm

)

long, 3 mm wide, apex rounded.

86 Gardens Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Type specimen: Malay Peninsula: Waterloo, Perak, alt. 650 m,

Curtis 1310 (K, Type; Sing. isotype), Dec. 1880.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Sumatra, Malay Peninsula,

Borneo).

Ecology: In dense mountain forest, from low to medium alti-

tudes (250—1,300 m).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Benkoclen, Soeban Ajam, alt. 1,200 m, Ajoeb 337 (B): Tala-

mau, alt. 66 m, Bunnemceijer 505 (B, L): Sibolangit, alt. 1,000 m, Lorzing

4670 (L): Sibolangit, alt. 525 m, Lorzing 5408 (L); Mt. Sibajak, alt. 1,000

m, Lorzing 14079 (L); Pajakumbuh, Mt. Sago, alt 800 m, Meijer 4504 (L);

East Coast, Yates 895 (BM, K).

Malay Peninsula: Pahang, Cameron Highlands, Batten Pool s.n. Nov.

1939-Jan. 1940 (Sing.); Pahang, Pulau Tioman, Burkill s.n. June 1915

(Sing.); Pahang, Fraser Hill, alt. 1.300 m, Corner 33178 (K, Sing.): Perak,

Waterloo, Curtis 1310 (K, Sing.) (Types); Waterloo, alt. 500 m, Curtis 2166

(K, Sing.); Perak, G. Perak, Haniff 10337 (Sing.); Pahang, Sungei Yel, Bukit

Frasu, alt. 900 m, Nur J/190 (Sing.); Pahang, Pulau Tioman, Bukit Bayoh,

Nur 18567 (K, Sing.); Pahang, Cameron Highlands, alt. 1,300 m, Nur

32572 & 32839 (K, Sing.); Pahang, Telom, Ridiey 13593 (BM, Sing.); Perak,

Temengoh, Ridley 14446 (K, Sing.) (corolla white) (Type of Cyrtandromoea

repens Ridley); Perak, Taiping, Ridley s.n. Feb.-Mar. 1892 (Sing.); Locality

unknown, Scortechini 924 (Sing.); Perak, G. Batu Puteh, Wray 1233

(K, Sing.).

Borneo: Sarawak, Mt. Poi, Clemens 20175 (K); Borneo, Bukit Mehipit,

alt. S00 m, Winkler 1113 (L).

The reduction of Cyrtandromoea repens Ridley (Gesneriaceae)

as a synonym of this species was made by Mr. B. L. Burtt on an

annotated sheet in the Kew Herbarium. A study of the type speci-

mens, Ridiey 14446 (represented both at Kew and Singapore)

confirms this reduction.

7. Gomphostemma javanicum (Bl.) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835)

650, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 553; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859)

986; Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 261; Backer

& Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 618.

Prasium javanicum Bl. Biidr. (1826) 840.

Prasium phlomoides Reinw. ex Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 840.

Gomphostemma oblongum Wall. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.

2 (1830) 12, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 551; Mig. Fi. Ind. Bat.

2 (1859) 986; Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891)

261, pl. 95, in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 725: Ridl. Fl. Mal.

Pen. 2 (1923) 653, f. 131. (incl. var. setosa Ridl.).

Gomphostemma phiomoides (Reinw. ex Bl.) Benth. Lab. Gen.

& Sp. (1835) 649, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 551; Mig. Fl. Ind.

Bat. 2 (1859) 985.

Gomphostemma philippinarum Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848)

551; Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. 3 (1891) 259,

pl. 101. Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 409.

Gomphostemma cinereum Elm. Leafli. Philip. Bot. 8 (1919) 3086.

Gomphostemma lacteum Ridl. in J. Bot. 62 (1924) 300. syn. nov.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 87

A coarse perennial herb, 60-150 cm high. Stems erect, woody,

4-angled, densely tomentose. Leaves herbaceous, elliptic oblong,

ovate or obovate, 15-30 cm long, 5-10 cm wide, acute, the base

abruptly cuneate or subtruncate; margins crenate or crenate-serrate,

hispid above, densely pubescent beneath; petioles 1-3 cm long,

densely tomentose. Flowers 10-15 in dense, axillary faise whorls:

bracts ovate-lanceolate, 6-10 mm long, pedicels 4-7 mm long.

Calyx 10-15 (-20) mm long, often very prominently ribbed, hirsute

within: teeth lanceolate, acute or acuminate, generally shorter than

the tube. Corolla 40-45 (50) mm long, distinctly incurved, tomen-

tose externally. Style sparingly hirsute when young, later glabrous;

ovary villous. Nutlets 1-4, smooth, hispid at the apex, 6 mm long,

4 mm broad.

Type specimens: Java: Gunong Gede, Blume s.n. (Herb. Lugd.

Bat. 904, 354-154 & duplicates, nos. 97, 98, 101, 150 & 154) (L,

leptotype of Prasium javanicum B1.).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia.

Ecology: In forests from lowland to medium and _ higher

altitudes (100-—2,400 m).

Vern. names: Ata-Ata, Kagong, Kasunisuni, Magtingon

(Philippines, fide Merrill).

Specimens examined :

Sumatra: Asahan, Bartlett & La Rue 224 (L); Karo, Berastagi, Bartlett

6527 (L); Singalang, alt. 1,500 & 2,300 m, Bunnemeijer 2631 & 2747 (L);

Malintang, alt. 1,100 m, Bunnemeijer 3599 (L); G. Merapi, alt. 1,300, 1,500,

1,700, 1,150, 1,600, 1,600 & 1,140 m, Bunnemeijer 4507 (BO); G. Koerintji, alt.

4744 (L), 4886 (BO), 4961 (BO), 4994 (BO) & 5032 (BO); G. Koerintji, alt.

1,300, 1,100, 1,500, 1,600, 1,700, 2,200, 1,800, 2,200 & 2,200 m, Bunnemeijer

8230, §518, 8557, 8688, 8868, 9205, 9299, 9889 & 10141 (BO); Sumatra,

Forbes 1579 (L); Hoedjoeng, Forbes 1910 (BM, L); Sumatra, Junghuhn s.n.

(L); Sumatra, Koers 76 (BO); Sipora, Kloss 14803 (K); Bandarbaroe, alt.

950 & 1,100 m, Lorzing 4616 (L); & 4780 (BO, L), Karo, alt. 1,400 m,

Lorzing 5949 (BO, L); Sibolangit, Karo, alt. 1,350 m, Lorzing 6178 (BO,

L); Berastagi, alt. 1,350 m, Lorzing 6765 (BO); Toba Highlands alt. 1,300

m, Ouwehand 373 (BO); Korinchi, Robinson & Kloss 4, 187 & 193 (BM);

Atjeh, alt. 1,275 m, Steenis 5908 (BO); Atjeh, alt. 1,000 m, Steenis 8685

(BO, L); Palembang, G. Dempo, alt. 2,000 m. Voogd 1551] (L).

Malay Peninsula: Selangor, Fraser’s Hill, alt. 1,300-1,400 m. Burkill &

Holttum 8650 (K. Sing.); Pahang, Fraser’s Hill, alt. 1,300 m, Corner 33212

(K); Langkawi, G. Raya, Haniff & Nur 7138 (K); Pahang, G. Senyum,

Henderson 22234 (Sing,); Kelantan, Bt. Batu Papan, Henderson 29618 (K,

Sing.); Kelantan, Gua Masang, Henderson 29658 (K, Sing.); Pahang, Pine

Tree Hill, alt. 1,600 m. Nur 11075 (K, Sing.) (Types of G. lacteum Ridley);

Pahang, Pulau Sawarwood, Ridley 2/48 (BM, K); Kota Glangii, Riddley s.n.

Aug. 1891 (Sing.); Pahang, Tahan Valley, Ridley s.n. 1891 (Sing.); Selangor,

5th mile Pahang Track, Ridley 8564 (K); Johore, Bt. Saya, Ridley 11130

(K, Sing.); Pahang, Telom, Ridley 13690 (Sing.); Pahang, Ridley 13698 (BM);

Perak, Ridley 1406 (BM); Selangor, Semang Kok Pass, Ridley s.n. Jan. 1922

(K) (Type of G. oblongum var. setosum Ridley); Penang, Koh, Robinson s.n.

May 1913 (K); Kedah Perak, alt. 500 m, Robinson & Kloss 6144 (K);

Pahang, Kuala Tahan, Seimund 92] (Sing.).

88 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

Java: Pulasari, W. Bantam, alt. 750 m, Adelbert 460 (L); G. Malang,

Backer s.n. Mar. 1909 (L); Preanger, alt. 1600 m, Backer 2430 (L); G.

Gedeh, Backer 3304 (L); Wonosari, alt. 150-200 m, Backer s.n. 1912 (L);

Soendih, alt. 150 m, Backer 6531 (L); G. Lawoe alt. 700 m, Backer 6731

(L); G. Salak, alt. 1200 m, Backer 9375 (L); G. Kendeng, alt. 1250 m,

Backer 10976 (L); Moentilan, alt. 350 m, Backer 12052 (L); G. Lembang,

alt. 1300 m, Backer 12217 (L); Java alt. 1900 m, Backer 21878 (L); Pema-

lang, alt. SO m, Backer 23351 (L); Tjidadap, alt. 1000 m, Bakhuizen v/d

Brink 2189 & 2469 (L); Tjadas-Malang, alt. 1000 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink

2968 (L); Tjidadap, alt. 900 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink s.n. May 1917 (L);

Tjidadap, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 3317 (L); G. Parang, alt. 650 m, Bakhuizen

v/d Brink 4936 (L); G. Gede, Blume s.n. (L) (lectotype and type duplicates

of Prasium javanicum Bl., Herb. Lugd. Bat. No. 904, 354-97, 98, 101, 150,

154); Besoeki, Buwalda 7538 (L); Lembang, alt. 1850 m, Coert 1547 (L):

S.E. Java, Forbes 623, 843, & 997 (BM, L); G. Gedeh, Hallier 392 (L); G.

Gedeh, Hallier 478 (L); Buitenzorg, Hallier s.n. May 1895 (L); G. Tjibodas,

Hallier s.n. June 1896 (L); Poeloesari, Holstvoogd 522 (L); Java, Hors-

field s.n. (BM, L): Besoeki, alt. 1700 m. Koorders 14853 (L); Tahoka,

Koorders 15012 (L); Besoeki, Koorders 20938 (L); Kediri, alt. 350-500 m,

Koorders 22937 (L); Madioen, Ngebel. alt. 850 m, Koorders 23258 (L):

Madioen, G. Wilis, alt. 1300 m, Koorders 23274 (L); Semarang, Kedoeng-

Djati, Koorders 27205 (L); Ngebel, Koorders 29370 & 29833 (L); Ngebel., alt.

800 m, Koorders 29856 (L); Besoeki, Koorders 30015 (L); Tjibodas, Koorders

31959 (L); Tjibodas, alt. 2400 m, Koorders 32022 (L); Pringombo, alt. 800

m, Koorders 33930 (L); Semarang, Koorders 36049 (L); G. Telemojo, alt.

1600 m, Koorders 36057 (L); Pasoeroean, Koorders 38195 (L); G. Papan-

dajan, Koorders 40500 (L); G. Mandalagiri, alt. 1700 m, Lam 83 (L);

Sendoro, Lorzing 74] (L): G. Wilis, alt. 1200 m, Lorzing 832 (L); G.

Gedeh, Lorzing 2239 (L); Keruwang, Monchy 19 (L); Lembang, alt. 1500

m. Pijl 673 (L); Java, Popta 1301 (L); Kediri, Rant s.n. May 1924 (L);

Magelang, Rant s.n. June 1928 (L); Java, Reinwardt s.n. (L) (lectotypes of

Prasium phlomioides Bl.; Herb. Lugd. Bat. no. 909, 71-693; 909, 354-120);

G. Gedeh, Sapiin 49 (L); G. Gedeh, Sapiin 285 (L); Tjidadap, alt. 1000 m,

Winekel s.n. Dec. 1917 (L); Poelosari, Wisse 101] (L).

Borneo: Tenompok, alt. 1,700 m, Clemens 26/16 (L); Mt. Kinabalu,

Penibukan, alt. 1300 m, Clemens 30655 (BM, L); Penataran Basin, alt. 1300

in, Clemens 34145 (BM, L); Mt. Kinabalu, Clemens 35013 (BM, L); W.

Koetei, alt. 200 m, Endert 289] (L); E. Borneo, Samarinda, Kostermans

6824 (L); Matang, Ridley s.n. July 1905 (K); Anambas & Natoena Isl. alt.

200 m, Steenis 950 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Rizal, Bosboso, Ahern’s Collector 1866 (K); Mt.

Falinas, alt. 1500 m, Butt 328 (L); Bohol Isl., Cuming 1840 (BM, K) (type

of G. philippinense Bth.); Negros, Edano 7145 (L); Leyte, Ormoc, Lake

Danao, Edano 11894 (BM, L); Palawan, Malasgao, Edano 14077 (BM, L);

Luzon, Mt. Pico de Loro, Edano 18024 (L); Luzon, Sorsogon, Mt. Bulusan,

alt. 730 m, Edano & Gutinez s.n. May 1957 (L); Luzon, Benguet, Mt. St.

Tomas, alt. 2000 m, Elmer 6534 (K); Luzon, Tayabas, Elmer 7435 (K);

Mindanao, Davao, Todaya, Elmer 11146 (BM, K, L); Mindanao, Agusan,

Mt. Urdaneta, Elmer 13469 (BM, L); Luzon, Irosin, Elmer 15290 (BM, K, L):

Luzon, Los Banos, Elmer 17836 (BM, K, L) (type duplicate of G. cinerea

Elm.); Luzon, Pampanga, Mt. Pinatubo, Elmer 22371 (BM, K, L); Luzon,

Pangasinan, Mt. San Isidro, Fenix 29945 (BM, L); Basilan, Hallier 18 (L);

G. Luzon, Loher 42 (K); Luzon, Benguet, Loher 4215 (K); C. Luzon, Loher

4232 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Loher 6594 (K); Luzon, Laguna, Mabesa 25009 (K):

Luzon, Albay, Mayon Volcano, Mendoza 18370 (L); Luzon, Cavite, Men-

doza & Steiner 41555 (L); Luzon, Lepanto, Mt. Data, Merrill 4563 (K):

Mindanao, Camaguin, Ramos 14673 (BM, L); Luzon, Sorsogon, Ramos

23481 (L); Samar, Catubig River, Ramos 24403 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Ramos

& Edano 29402 (K); Catanduanes, Ramos 30280 (K); Luzon, Kalinga, Mt.

Masingit, Ramos & Edano 37494 (K); Luzon, Bontoc, Mt. Polis, Ramos

& Edano 37617 (K); Mindanao, Bukidnon, Mt. Candoon, Ramos & Edano

38749 (K); Leyte, Cabalian, Ramos 41489 (L); Isl. Bohol, Ramos 43199

(BM, K); Basilan, Reillo 15411 (K); Luzon, Camarines, Maagnas, Robinson

6364 (L); Panay, Illoilo, Robinson 18189 (K); Luzon, Bontoc, Vanover-

bergh 101 (L).

Celebes. Bonthain, Teysmann 13722 (L).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae

This is the commonest species found in the Malesian regions.

Owing to the considerable variation in its tomentum, its leaf and

floral characters, it has been described under several species names.

Based on the Javanese material alone, Backer and Bakhuizen

van den Brink Jr. (1965) recognized two main forms: a. javanicum

— corolla 3—-5.25 cm long: narrow part of corolla-tube exceeding

the calyx, 1.5-2 cm; calyx strongly ribbed; segments often abruptly

acu ninate; style glabrous or almost so; b. phlomoides (G. phlomot-

des Benth.) — corolla 2.5-3 cm long, narrow part of corolla-tube

whether or not longer than the calyx, 0.75—1.25 cm; calyx not very

strongly ribbed; segments acute or subacuminate; style at the top

with many Icng hairs.

As the same authors correctly pointed out, these two forms are

connected by a long series of intermediate forms. It is especially

true when a large collection of materials from various geographical

rezions are examined. Therefore, I conclude that G. javanicum

Benth. is a polymorphic species.

8. Gomphostemma scortechinii Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 59

(1890) 315, 74 (1907) 724, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3

(1891) 260, pl. 93; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 653.

A coarse perennial herb, 60-150 cm high, erect, woody below.

Stems sulcate, scabrid. Leaves herbaceous, elliptic-oblong or

obovate, 20-30 cm long, 10-15 cm wide, acute, the base long-

cuneate; margins entire or remotely serrate, sparingly hirsute

above, densely tomentose on the nerves beneath; petioles usually

short, 0.5-1 cm long, sometimes obsolate. Flowers about 20 in

dense axillary false whorls; bracts subulate, 6-8 mm long; pedicels

8-10 mm long. Calyx 18-25 mm long, prominently ribbed, hirsute

within; teeth lanceolate, longer than the tube. Corolla 30-60 mm

long, distinctly incurved, tomentose externally. Style hirsute

towards the apex, with spreading hairs; ovary densely villous.

Nutlets smooth, hispid towards the apex, 8 mm long, 5.5 mm

broad.

Types: Malay Peninsula: Kedah, G. Tuyok, Scortechini 1225

(K, Type; Sing. isotype) Sept. 1884.

Distribution: Burma (Tenasserim) and Malesia (Sumatra and

Malay Peninsula).

Ecology: In forest, at low to medium altitudes (300—1,500 m).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra : West Coast, alt. 1500 m, Bunnemeijer 8414 (L); Indragiri,

Pangian, Buwalda 6258 (BO, L); Atieh, G. Goh Lemboeh, alt. 1000 m,

Steenis 8927 (L) (Fl. leather yellow-orange).

Malaya: Pahang Bentong, Raub, Best 1/4117 (Sing.); Kedah, Langkawi,

G. Raya, Corner s.n. Nov. 1941 (Sing.); Kedah, Langkawi, Haniff & Nur

7138 (Sing.); Selangor, Semenyih, Hume 7965 (Sing.); Kedah, Kerr 21706

(BM); Kedah, G. Tuyok, Scortechini 1225 (K, Type; iso-type, Sing.);

Pahang, Bentong, Sabai Estate, Shah 166 (K, L, Sing.); Selangor, Gua Batu

Woods, Ridley 822] (Sing.); Selangor, Batu Cave Woods, Ridley s.n. Dec.

1896 (Sing.); Kelantan, Channing Woods, Ridley s.n. Feb. 1917 (K).

The type locality of this species was cited by Prain as Gunong

Tuyok, Kedah. Ridley (l.c., p. 653), suggested it is probably meant

for G. Hijau, on the top of the Taiping hills in Perak.

90) Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

15. HYPTIS JACQ.

Hyptis Jacq. Collect. 1 (1787) 101, 103, nom. cons.; Benth. in

Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1178; Brig. in E. & P. Pfi.

Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 333.

Mesosphaerum R. Br. Hist. Jamaica (1756) 257.

Herbaceous or shrubby, often aromatic. Leaves opposite, serrate.

Flowers small or medium, variously arranged in densely spicate or

densely capitate inflorescences or in few-flowered clusters, often

secund; bracts subulate or setaceous. Calyx tubular, straight or

oblique, 10—-nerved; teeth 5, subequal, acute or awned, erect.

Corolla 5-lobed, 2-lipped; upper lip 2-lobed, the lobes erect or

spreading or reflexed; lower lip 3-lobed, the mid-lobe abruptly

deflexed, with thickened margins, sometimes saccate at the base.

Stamens 4, diclinate; filaments free, without basal appendages;

anther-locules confluent. Disk entire. Style subentire or shortly

2-fid. Nutlets oblong or ovoid, smooth or rugose sometimes only

one or two developed.

Species over 350, all American; the following 5 species are more

or less established in the Old tropical regions as weeds.

Key to the species

A. Flowers in numerous flowered verticillasters, congested into

globoid or ellipsoid spurious heads (or dense-spikes).

B. Spurious heads axillary, globose or subglobose.

C. Spurious heads 0.8-1.2 cm (in fruit) across; peduncles

usually not longer than the heads. 1. H. brevipes

C. Spurious heads 1.5-2 cm (in fruit) across; peduncles

several times as long as the heads. 2. H. rhomboidea

B. Spurious heads (or dense spikes) terminal; oblong or ellip-

soid, 3—5 cm (in fruit) long. 3. H. spicigera

A. Flowers in few-flowered cymose clusters, axillary or in terminal

spurious racemes or panicles.

B. Cymes 6-15-flowered, comb-shaped in terminal spurious

spurious racemes or panicles; calyx tubular, 3-4 mm long

in fruit. 4. H. pectinata

B. Cymes 2-5-flowered, clustered in leaf-axils or racemosely

disposed; calyx obliquely campanulate, 8-10 mm long in

fruit. 5. H. suveolens

1. Hyptis brevipes Poit. in Ann. Mus, Paris 7 (1806) 465; Benth.

Lab. Gen. Sp. (1833) 105, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 107; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 959; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 630;

Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 704; Merr. Enum. Philip.

3 (1923) 416; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 645; Kudo in Mem.

Fac. Sc. Ag. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 147; Mukerj. Rec. Surv.

Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 62; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 634.

Thymus biserratus Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 478.

Pycnanthemum subulatum Blanco l.c. ed. 2 (1845) 333, ed. 3,

2 (1878) 251, t. 204.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 9]

Leucas globuligera Hassk. Cat. Bog. (1844) 133; Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. (1859) 984. syn. nov.

Hyptis brevipes Poit. var. serrata Briq. in Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot.

Geneve 2 (1898) 227.

An erect herb, 0.5-1 m high. Stems shortly branched, glabrous

or pilose. Leaves membranaceous, narrowly lanceolate or ovate-

oblong, 4-8 cm long, 1—-2.5 cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base

long cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere serrate, sparsely hispid on

nerves on both surfaces; petioles 0.5—-1 cm long, hispid. Flowers in

dense spurious heads, 0.6-0.8 cm (0.8-1.2 cm in fruit) in diameter,

on axillary, hispid slender peduncles, 1-1.2 cm long; subtending

bracts lanceolate or subulate, 4-6 mm long, setaceous. Calyx sub-

tubular, 2.5-3 mm (in fruit 3-4 mm) long; teeth erect, subulate,

1—1.4 mm long, sparsely ciliate. Nutlets ovoid, 0.7 mm long, dark

brown, minutely rugose.

Distribution: A native of tropical America, now naturalized in

tropical Asia and tropical Africa.

Distribution: A pantropic weed, native of Mexico.

Ecology: In open waste places of the lowland.

Vern. names: Ane-Ane (Sumatra), Koempai-hoeloeman (C. E.

Borneo), Djoekoel pendoel (Java).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Loeboeksikaping, alt. 450 m, Bunnemeijer 1225 (L); Bangka,

alt. 60 m, Bunnemeijer 1645 (L); Coast Koerintji, Koemantan, alt. 850 m,

Bunnemeijer 8124 (L); P. Siberoet, Jboet 191 (L); Lampong, alt. 200 m,

Iboet 320 (L); Medan, alt. 15-20 m, Lorzing 12888 (L); Bangko, Djambi,

alt. 60 m, Posthumus 511 (L); Karbouwengat, Stomps s.n. Sept. 1923 (L);

Palembang, Sekajoe, ait. 15 m, Thorenaar 150 (L); Laboehan, Kota Pinang,

Toroes 365i (L); Tapianoeli, Padang Si Dempoean, Pandang Lawas,

Toroes 5069 (L); Soengie Pantjoer, Wyssling s.n. 1932 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Singapore, Anderson 144 (K); Johore, Kg. Slantai, alt.

1.4 m, Burkiil & Shah 2495 (K, L); Malacca, Griffith 3961 (K); Malacca,

alt. 7 m, Shah J6 (K. L); Singapore, Lim Chu Kang, Sinclair s.n. Jan. 1951

(L); Johore, Spare 783 (K); Kedak, Spare 3739 (K).

Java: Batavia, Backer s.n. 1902 (L); Poerwakarta, alt. 75 m, Backer

&9 (L); Tanah Biureum, Backer 6023 (L); Pasoeroean, Djatiroto, alt. 15 m,

Backer 7829 (L); Dijasinga, alt. 250 m, Backer 10046 (L); Nirmala-tji

Langgar, alt. 900 m, Backer 1/1/14 (L); Tjitjoeroeg Djampang, alt. 200-

250 m, Backer 17222 (L); Diember alt. 80-125 m, Backer 17709 (L);

Poeger, alt. 25 m, Backer 18267 (L); Preanger, Tjikidang, alt. 600 m,

Bakhuizen v/d Brink 113 (L); Tjidadap, alt. 1000 m, Bakhuizen v/d

Brink 2557 (L); Batavia, Wanajasa, alt. 600 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 4837

(L); Buitenzorg, Soekasari, Burck s.n. (L); Bantam, alt. 125 m, Buwalda

2831 (L); Buitenzorg, Hallier 281b, d & 282a (L); (several collections);

Semarang, Koedoes, Houwing 14 (L); Semarang, alt. 15-20 m, Houwing

s.n. 1925 (L); Banjosmas, Serajoe, Kievits Banj. 39 (L); Banjoemas, Kievits

2312 & 2481 (L); Banjoemas, ait. 15-20 m, Kievits s.n. 1924 (L); Java,

Kobus 7342 (L); Banjoemas, Pringombo, Koorders 271193 (L); Pekalongan,

Koorders 274518 (L); Buitenzorg, Depok, Koorders 313038 (L); Batavia,

Tjiampea, alt. 150 m, Koorders 314758 (L); Bogor, Korthals s.n. (L);

Java, Korthals s.n. (L); Pakisan, Kulescha 32 (L); Bogor, Djabaru, alt.

260 m. Nedi & Idjan 137 (L); Java, alt. 700 m, Popta 225/66 (L); Buiten-

zorg, alt. 250 m, Reap 15 (L); Batavia, Tyjiliwong, alt. 250 m, Schiffner

2471 (L): Batavia, Tiiliwong. alt. 240 m, Schiffner 2494 (L); Buitenzorg,

Horto Botanico, alt. 260 m, Schiffner 2502 (L); Bogor, Teysmann 107 (L);

Tjidadap, alt. 3000 m, Winckel 789 (L); Preanger, Tjadas Malang, alt.

1,000 m, Winkel s.n. & 1355 (L).

92 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

‘Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, alt. null ‘6 50 m, Elbert 2379 (L);

Flores, alt. 1000-1200 m, Elbert 4314 (L).

Borneo: British North Borneo, Agama 466 (L); Mt. Kinabalu, Tenom-

pok. alt. 1333 m. Clemens 30069 (L); Sandakan. Elmer 20158 (L); W.

Koetai, Ender 2179 (L); Borneo, Korthals s.n. (L); Sarawak, Kampong

Push, Sematan, alt. 17 m, Pursegiove & Shah 4641 (L):; Samarinda, Roos

sn. “POST (b):

Philippines: Batangas, Mataasnakahoy, Araney 21 (L); Luzon, Sorso-

gon, Irosin, Mt. Bulusan, Elmer 1°787 (L); Mindanao, Bukidnon, Tan:zu-

lan, Fenix 26118 (L); Quezon, Bagong-bantay, Manayon 43 (L); Batangas,

Merrill 478 (L); Luzon, Bataan. Lamao River. Mt. Mariveles, Merrill

3270 (L),; Sto. Domingo, Mundo J7 (L); Mindanao, Cotabato, Robinson

11583 (L); Cotabato, Ala Valley, Santos 4813 (L); Bukidnon, M*ramag, alt.

700 m. Santos 4995 (L); Iba Zambales, Barrio Amungan, Sitio Apulul,

Santos 6107 (L); lloilo, Sara, Mason son, Soriano 1252 (L).

Celebes: Malino, alt. 280 m, Bunnemceijer 10716 (L); Manado, Poso,

Eyma 4051 (L); Manado, Forsten 84 (L); Manado, Forsten 59 (L); Tondano,

Forsten s.n. May 1840 (L); Kendari, Kjillberg 373a (L); Minahessa,

Menado, alt. Koorders 173818 (L); Macassar, Robinson 2457 (L).

Moluccas: Ternate, alt. 2 m, Beguin 1052 (L); Ambon, alt. null M.

Kornasei 1093 (L); Ambtoina, Zippelius s.n. (L).

New Guinea: Sepik, Wewak-Angoram Area, alt. 27 m, Pullen 1793

(L); Mamberamo, Pioneerbiveuack, Versieegh 41 (L).

Leucas globuligera Hassk. is represented by the following speci-

men at Leiden Herbarium: Herb. Lugd.—Bat. 904, 356-446, which

has been correctly identified by H. Hallier as Hyptis brevipes Poit.

2. Hyptis rhomdoidea Mart. & Gal. in Bull. Acad. Bru. 11, 2

(1844) 188; Epling in Kew Bull 1936 (1936) 278.

Hyptis capitata (non Jacq.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 958; F.-

Vill. Novis App. (1880) 164; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. PI.

3 (1923) 416; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. Taihoku Un. 2.

2 (1929) 147; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940)

63; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 634.

Hyptis decurrens (Blanco) Epling in Fedde, Pepert. 34 (1933)

120.

Pycnanthemum decurrens Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 333,

ed. 3;°2( 1878) 25 141294: .

Hyptis celebica Zipp. ex. Koord. in Meded.’s Lands Plantent.

19 (1898) 561. syn. nov.

Hyptis lanceolata (non Poit.) Brig. in Ann. Cons. Jard. Bot.

Geneve 2 (1898) 225 (quoad Cuming 591).

A stout, erect annual herb, 0.5-1.5 m high; non aromatic. Stems

and branches (often very short) densely or sparsely pubescent on

the angles. Leaves lanceolate or rhomboid-elliptic, 6-10 (-14) cm

long, 1.5—4 (-6) cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base cuneate and

decurrent; margins crenate-serrate or serrate, sparsely pubescent

on the nerves of lower surfaces; petioles 2-3 cm long. Flowers

numerous in verticils crowded forming axillary, solitary globulate

heads, 0.8-1 cm (1.5—-2 cm in fruit) in diameter; peduncles

3-5 (-8) cm long; basal involucral bracts linear-lanceolate,

hairy, 3-6 mm long. Calyx 3-4 mm (6-8 mm in fruit) long; teeth

subulate, erect, as long as or shorter than the tube. Corolla 5-6 mm

long. Nutlets ovoid, compressed 1.2-2 mm long, round-truncate

above, subtriquetrous below, sparingly puberulent.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 93

Fig. 15. Hyptis rhomboidea Mart. & Gal.

a. flower; b. corolla expanded; c. fruiting calyx; d. nutlet (fresh

material).

‘94 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Distribution: A native of tropical America, naturalized in many

parts of the tropics.

Ecology: In open waste places, a common weed.

Vern. names: Sawa hdijkje (Java); Oaga bini (Brunei) Tem-

buku-tembuku, Dan buku napsu (N. Borneo); Timan-Timan

(Borneo); Abgoanam, Tatabak, Ilite bubung, Merara welana

(Lesser Sunda); Aring Kaming (Celebes); Pupu (New Guinea).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Riauw, alt. 20 m, Bunnemeijer 5970 (L); P. Lingga, alt. 30

1m, Bunnemeijer 6672 (L); Lingga, P. Sinkep, alt. 5 m, Biinnemetijer 7234

(L); Palembang, alt. 3 m, Raadt J]3 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Pangkor Is., Pangkor, alt. 7 m, Burkill & Shah 284

(L); Kuala Lumpur, Monod de Froideville 646 (L); Pahang, Fraser’s Hill,

alt. 1400 m, Purseglove 4253 (L); Singapore, Ama Keng Village, Lim

Chu Kang Road, Sinclair s.n. Jan. 1951 (L).

Java: Batavia, Backer s.n. 1902 (L); Pasoeroean, alt. 20 m, Backer

7973 (L); Soekaboemi, alt. 600 m, Backer 14528 (L); Pekalongan, alt. 5 m,

Backer 15468 (L); Madoera, Soemenap, alt. 25 m, Backer 21249 (L):

Pasoeroean, Bangil, alt. 20 m, Backer 37465 (L); Pasoeroean, Kepoch, alt.

‘75 m, Backer 37691 (L); Batavia Tjikeumeuh, alt. 250 m, Bakhuizen v/d

Brink 3659 (L); Batavia, alt. 250 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 9518 (L);

Batavia. alt. 325 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 1040 (L); Batavia, alt. 250

m. Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 1976 (L); Buitenzorg, Boerlage s.n. (L):

Bawean Is. alt. 2 m, Buwalda 3353 (L); Soerabajia Dorgelo 142 (L): Cult.

in Hort. Bogor, Hallier D 284 (L); Soekaboemi, Hoed 3010 (L); Banjoemas,

Kievits 1769 (L); Batavia, alt. 150 m, Koorders s.n. (L); Pekalongan,

Soebah, Koorder 36904 (L); Bogor, Batutapak, Sedane River, alt. 260 m,

Nedi & Idjan I5 (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 240 m, Ooststroom 13898 (L);

Boeabatoe. alt. 700 m, Popta 174/45 (L); Soekalilah, Soerabaja, alt.

1-5 _m, Rant & Coert 221 (L); Buitenzorg, Tyjibogen, alt. 250 m,

Schiffner 2477 (L); Batavia, Kampong Nangrang, alt. 250 m, Schiffner

2407 (L); Buitenzorg, horto botanico, alt. 250 in, Schiffner 2484 & 2868 (L);

Buitenzorg, horto botanico, alt. 260 m, Schiffner 2498 (L); Bogor,

Soegandiredja 71 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Mataram, alt. 500 m, Bloembergen

3024 (L); Timor, Kp. Bioba, G. Timaoe, alt. 1300 m, Bloembergen 3380

(L); Sumbawa, Bima, Colfs 208 (L) (several collections); Lombok, Rindjani,

alt. 0-20 & 500-700 m, Elbert 560 & 764 (L); Lombok, G. Rindjani, alt.

1185-1265 m, Elbert 1567 (L); Sumbawa, Bima, alt. 75—250 m, Elbert

3540 (L); Sumbawa, Bima, alt. 75-250 m, Elbert 3540 (L); Sumbawa, Bima,

alt. 100-300 m, Elbert 3587 (L); Soemba, Mao Marroe, Jboet 46] (L); Alor,

alt. 300 & 500 m, Jaag 147 & 1339 (L).

Borneo: North Borneo, Pembliangan, Amadjah 838 (L); North Bor-

neo, Pembliangan, Amadjah s.n. (L); Sarawak, Brooke 9844 (L); Sarawak,

Brooke 10649 (L); North Borneo, Kinabalu, alt. 1700 m, Clemens 28884

(L); North Borneo, Sandakan, Cuadra A 2384 (L); Pontianak, alt. 6 m,

Ench 353 (L); North Borneo, Sandakan, Kadir A 1660 (L); North Borneo,

Sandakan, Kadir A 2687 (L); Borneo, Korthals s.n. (L) (several collections).

Philippines: Batangas, Mataasnakahay, Aranez 19 (L); Luzon, Cama-

rines Sur, Pili, Carambola, Convocar 2963 (L); Luzon, Lagona, Cuming

591 (L); Luzon, Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt. Bulsan, Elmer 14380 (L); Rizal,

Montalban, Gongales 60 (L); Rizal, Antipolo, Guia 62 (L); Luzon,

Albay. Mayon Volcano, alt. 600 m, Memdoza 1383 (L); Luzon, Rizal

Antipolo, Merrill 472 (L); Luzon, Rizal Ramos 1944 (L); Sulu, Turtle

Island, Santos 4760 (L); Bukidnon, Maramag, alt. 270 m, Santos 4996 (L);

Malaybalay Bupiduon, Barrio Sumpong, alt. 650 m, Santos 6029 (L):;

Luzon, Laguna, Mt. Maquiling, Servinas 16294 (L).

Celebes: Menado, G. Neglilalaki, alt. 1,000 m, Bloembergen 4109 (L);

Bonto Parang, alt. 50 m, Bunnemeijer 10560 (L); Kabajana, alt. null to

200 m, Elbert 3410 (L); Masamba, alt. 400 m, Eyma 1128 (L); Menado,

Poso, alt. 1,250 m, Eyma 1690 (L); Goeroepahi, alt. 600 m, Kaudern 60.

(L); Minahassa, Menado, S. H. Koorders 17373, 17374, 17378 17380 (L);

Talaud, P. Karakelong, alt. 5 m, Lam 2496 (L); Minahassa, alt 300 m,

Lam 2419 (L); Menado, alt. 1,200 m, Posthumus 2303 (L); Celebes, Rant

906 (L).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae GS:

Moluccas: Morotai, alt. 10 m, Anang 194 (L); Ternate, Atasrip 17 (L);

Aroe, Dobo, alt. Buwalda 4842 (L), Ceram, Kp. Kiandarat, alt. for m,.

Buwalda 5829 (L); Ceram, Wahai, alt. 100 m, Kaornassi 19 (L); Ambon,

alt. 0 m, Kornassi 1093 a (L); Ternate, alt. 1,400 m, Pleyte 58 (L); Saparoea,,

Reinwardt, s.n. (L); Ceram, alt. 50 m, Rutten 1612 (L); Ambon, Sadnan 39

(L); Ternate, Teymann 7456 (L).

New Guinea: Morobe, Brass 32512 (K); Madang, alt. 125 m, Hoogland

4856 (L); Fakfak, Kalkman 6350 (K, L); Amboina, Robinson 2002 (L);

New Britain, Gazelle Peninsula, alt. 70 m, Womersley & Jones 8789 (L).

This weed generally recorded as HAyptis capitata Jacq. in

literature, is extensively distributed in the Malesian region.

Epling first referred it to Hyptis decurrens (Blanco) Epling, but

later identified it as Hyptis rhomboidea Mart. & Gal. His later

identification is accepted here.

The following specimens have been referred to Hyptis lanceo-

lata Poit. by Briquet and to AH. celebica Zoll. by Koorders

respectively: Cuming 591 from the Philippines. and Koorders

17373, 19374, 17378 & 17380 all from Celebes. They are indis-

tinguishable from H. rhomboidea Mart. & Gal.

3. Hyptis spicigera Lam. Encycl. 3 (1789) 185; Benth. in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 87; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 958; Méerr.

Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 417.

Pycnanthemum elongatum Banco. Fl. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 333,

Od aa bO) GO) 2am.

An erect annual herb, 1-1.5 m high. Stems scabrous: branches.

glabrous or only slightly pubescent. Leaves herbaceous, lanceo-

late to elliptic-lanceolate, 2.5-6 cm long, 1.2-3 cm wide, acute

Or acuminate, the base acuminate, decurrent; margins serrulate..

glabrous or glabrescent on both surfaces; petioles 0.5—-2.5 cm long.

Faise whorls many-flowered, forming dense spike-like or head-

like inflorescence, 1-1.5 cm (in fruit 3-4.5 cm) long, terminal and

in upper leaf-axils; bracts subulate, 3-4 mm long, setaceous..

Calyx tubulate, 4-5 mm (in fruit 6-7 mm) long, ribbed, reticulate;

teeth subulate, 2 mm long, setaceous. Nutlets ellipsoid, com--

pressed, 1.2 mm long, finely granulate.

Distribution: A native of tropical America, now widely spread

in several parts of Malesia (Lesser Sunda Islands. Borneo, the

Philippines, Celebes, Moluccas) and in Marianne Islands.

Ecology: In open dry grasslands.

Specimens examined:

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, Riedel s.n. June 1883 (K); Soemba,,

Teysmann s.n. (L).

Borneo: Borneo, Korthals (several collections) (L); Bandjermasin.

Motley 417 (K).

Philippines: Palawan, Bermejor 188 (K); Mindanao, Davao, Copeland

540 (K); Quezon City, Guia 28 (L); Luzon, Loher s.n. (K); Sto. Domingo,

Mendo 2, (Lj; Luzon, Bataan, Mt. Marivales, Lamao River, Merrill 3293

(K, L); Luzon, Rizal, Antiopolo, Merrill sp. Blanco 108 (K, L); Luzon,

Zambales, Anuling, Ramos & Edano 44701 (L); Philippines. Vidal 3469

& 3496 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Whitford s.n. 1904 (K).

Celebes: Baoelo, alt. 900 m, Biinnemeijer 12571 (L); Muna, alt.

0-125 m, Elbert 2897 (K, L) & 7065 (L); Buton, alt. 0-75 m, Elbert 2595

(L); Lasao, alt. 100 m, Kjellberg 1175 (L); Kp. Mara, Noerkas 216 (L)

(two collections).

Moluccas, Boeroe, Teysmann s.n. 1859-1860 (L).

%6 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

4. Hyptis pectinata (Linn.) Poit. in Ann, Mus, Paris 7 (1806) 474,

t. 30; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1833) 127; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

2 (1858) 960; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 46:

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 634.

Nepeta pectinata Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1759) 1097.

Erect perennial herb, often shrubby, 0.5—1 m or more high. Stems

and branches glabrous or pubescent. Leaves herbaceous, ovate or

elliptic, 2-3 cm long, 1—-1.5 cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base

rounded or truncate, entire; margins elsewhere serrate or more

often crenate, glabrous or glabrescent above, sparsely or densely

tomentose and glaucous beneath. Spurious racemes 4-8 (—15) cm

long, consisting of 10 to many secund cymes, densely congested

toward apex, generally forming large, terminal panicles; cymes

6-15-flowered, subcapitate, secund, pectinate, incurved; bracts

crinite and setaceous. Calyx tubular, 2—2.5 mm (in fruit 3-4 mm)

long, tomentose; teeth subulate, setaceous, slightly longer than

the calyx-tube. Corolla 3-3.5 mm long. Nutlets small, oblong,

1.5—2 mm long, smooth, black.

Distribution: A native of American tropics, now occurs in

many parts of the world.

Ecology: In open waste places.

Specimens examined:

Java: Java, Backer sn. 1902 (L); Batavia, Backer s.n. 1903 (L);

Soekaboemi, alt. 400 m, Backer 14854 (L); Soekaboemi, alt. 500 m,

Backer 21439 (L); Batoetoelis, alt. 350 m, Backer 2206] (K, L); Buitenzorg

Tegal Sapi, alt. 240 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jun. 1014 (K, L); Buitenzorg,

Boerlage s.n. (L); Depok, Burck & Monchy s.n. (L); Buitenzorg. Hallier

283 a & b s.n. (L) Bogor, Hallier 285 (L); Buitenzorg, Tjikopoh, alt.

1,600 m, Hoed 3182 (L); Depok, Koorders 31131 (L); Bandoeng, alt.

800 m, Popta 249/76 (L); Bandoeng, alt. 700 m, Popta 757/216 (L);

Bantardjati, Raap 536 (L); Batavia, Tjiliwung, alt. 250 m, Schiffner 2483

(L); Buitenborg, Tjiliwung, alt. 240 m, Schiffner 2492 (K, L).

5. Hyptis suaveolens (Linn.) Poit. in Ann. Mus. Paris 7 (1806)

472, t. 29, f. 2; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1833) 124, in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 126; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 959; Hook. f.

Brit. In. 4 (1885) 630; Prain, in J. As. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 ext.

no. (1907) 705; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 645; Merr. Enum.

Philip. Fl. Pl. 3 (1923) 417; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag.

Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 147; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind.

14, 1 (1940) 63; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 634.

Ballota suaveolens Linn. Syst. Nat. ed. 10 (1759) 1100.

Bysteropogon graveolens Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 824.

Marrubium indicum (non Burm. f.) Blanco Fl. Filip. (1837)

477, ed. 2 (1845) 352.

A strongly aromatic, much-branched herb, 0.5-1.5m_ high.

Stems hirsute, 4-angled. Leaves firmly herbaceous, ovate to

broadly obovate, 3-5 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, subacute; base

rounded, truncate, often slightly oblique: margins irregularly

serrulate; sparsely pilose above, densely pubescent beneath:

petioles slender, 0.5—-3 cm long, sparsely pubescent. Flowers in

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 97

lax, 2-S-flowered, secund cymes, arranged racemosely towards

ends of branches in the axils of smaller leaves; peduncles pube-

scent, 0.5-1 cm long; bracts minute, setaceous. Calyx campanu-

late, 5-5.5 mm (in fruit 8-10 mm) long, strongly ribbed; mouth

villous; teeth erect, setaceous. Corolla blue: tube slender. Nutlets

narrowly oblong, 1.2-1.5 mm long, often emarginate at the top,

faintly rugose.

Distribution: Tropical America; introduced and widely spread

in tropical Asia and Africa.

Ecology: A weed in open and dry waste places at low and

medium altitudes.

Vern. names: Selasie (Sumatra).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Serdang, alt. 2 m, Lorzing 13406 (L); Pajakumbuh, Indarug,

Meijer 6002 (L); Palembang, alt. 20 m, Verboom 5 (L); Painan, alt. few

m, Waalkes 1701 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Port Dickson, Monod de Froideville 717 (L); Selangor,

Kanching, alt. low, Nur 34414 (L); Singapore, Potong Pasir, Sinclair s.n.

Dec. 1948 (L).

Java: Pasoeroean, alt. 10-15 m, Backer 7544 (L); Besoeki, alt. 1 m,

Backer 37066 (L); Soerabaja, alt. 1 m, Backer 37300 (L); Besoeki, alt. 5 m,

Backer 37690 (L); Djombang, Bovien no. Djomb 14 (L); Besoeki, Poeger,

alt. 1 m, Buwalda 7167 (L); Besoeki, Sitoebondo, Buwalda 7414 (L);

Kediri, Coert 1701 (L); Besoeki, alt. 10 m, Dillewijn s.n. 1928 (L);

Soerabaja, Dorgelo 134 (L); Soerabaja, alt. 15 m, Dorgelo 392 (L);

Soerabaja, alt. iS m, Dorgelo 535 (L); Semarang, alt. 15-20 m, Houwing

s.n. 1924 (L); Bandoeng, Karsten 14 (L); Garoet, G. Goentoer, alt. 1,000 m,

Karsten 51 (L); Bogor, alt. 250 m, Kern 7278 (L); Banjoemas, Kievits no.

Banj. 29 (L); Bangjoemas, Kievits 1501 (L); Banjoemas, Kievits 2541 (L);

Sumbing, alt. 1,300 m, Lorzing 177 (L); Bogor, Tjiomas, Nedi & Idjan 206

(L); Buitenzorg, alt. 240 m, Ooststroom 12552 (L); Buitenzorg, Kuripan,

Ooststroom 13761 (L); Bandoeng alt. 700 m, Popta 833/240 (L); Batavia,

alt. 230 m, Schiffner 2467 (L); Batavia, alt. 250 m, Schiffner 2482 (L);

Anjer, Visser CI 3401 (L).

Philippines: Maiaybalay, Bukidnon, Santos 6048 (L); Luzon, Quezon,

lowland, Villaflor 37540 (L).

New Guinea: Papua, Brass 1172 (K); Papua, Carr 12384 (K); Morobe,

Heutz 11698 (K).

16. LEONURUS LINN.

Leonurus Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 254, Sp. Pl. (1753) 584;

Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1210; Briq. in

E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 256.

Erect herbs. Leaves opposite, often lobed or dissected. Bracts

subulate. Calyx turbinate, 5-nerved and 5-toothed, the teeth

more or less equal, spinescent, spreading. Corolla naked or

annulate within, 2-lipped: upper lip entire, erect: lower lip

3-lobed, the mid-lobe very large, deeply notched. Stamens 4, in

2 pairs, ascending under the upper lip; lower pair slightly

98 Gardens Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

longer; anthers 2-loculate, the locules parallel, transverse, con-

nivent. Disk uniform. Style equally 2-fid, the branched obtuse

or subulate. Nutlets dry, smooth, triquetrous, truncate at the apex.

Species about 8, mainly in temperate regions of Asia and

Europe; 1 extended into tropics as a weed, sometimes cultivated

as a garden plant.

1. Leonurus sibiricus Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 584: Bl., Bijdr. (1826)

823; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 501; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

2 (1859) 978; Prain in J. As. Soc. Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 720:

Ridley, Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 651; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3

(1923) 412; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 193;

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 623.

Stachys artenisiae Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 365; Blanco, FI.

Filip. (1837) 476.

Annual or perennial herb. Stems 4-angled, furrowed, softly

pubescent or glabrescent, 1-1.5 m high. Leaves chartaceous, the

upper ones linear, 4-5 cm long, the lower and basal ones ovate

or deltoid in outline, 5-7 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, palmately

partite or dissected, with linear incised segments, glabrous or

glabrescent above, often glaucous and pubescent on the nerved

beneath; petiole 2-4 cm long. Flowers in axillary false-whorls;

bracts subulate or spinescent, 0.4-1.0 cm long. Calyx turbinate,

4-5 mm (in fruit 6-7 mm) long, glabrous or sparingly pubescent;

teeth 5, subulate. Corolla 10-11 mm long; tube often obliquely

annulate within; limb 2-lipped; upper lip erect, obovate, entire,

pubescent externally; lower lip 3-lobed, the mid-lobe obcordate,

pubescent. Filaments included, epicorolline. Nutlets ellipsoid,

2 mm long, truncate above.

Distribution: A native of temperate Asia, now distributed in

many warm and tropical countries.

Ecology: Sometimes cultivated as a garden plant occasionally

escaped.

Vern. names: Si Saratting (Sumatra); Tebung Aga, Seranting

(Malay Peninsula); Kamariang-songsong (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: E. Coast, Asahan, Rahmat Si Boeea 8386 (K).

Malay Peninsula: Malacca, Chenana Puteh, Alvins 966 (Sing.); Selangor,

Klang, Burkill 1288 (Sing.); Perak, Ampang, Burkill 13949 (Sing.); Pahang,

Pekan, Burkill & Haniff 17135 (Sing.); Malacca, Griffith 1845 (K); Kelantan,

Kota Bahru, Jupp 257 (K); Pahan, Pekan, Ridley 1164 (Sing.); Selangor,

Pudok, Ridley 10462 (Sing.); Singapore, Foot of Bukit Piatu, Sinclair 38857

(Sing.).

Java: Batavia, Backer s.n. July 1904 (K. Sing.); Java, Horsfield s.n. (K):

Ngadisari, alt. 2,000 m, Koorders 37613 (K).

Borneo Sarawak, Hullett 376 (Sing.).

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 706 (K); Luzon, Loher 42/3 (K); Laguna,

Loher 6686 (K); Luzen. Rizal. San Mateo, Merrill Sp. Blanco 947 (RK).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae

2mm

Fig. 16. Leonurus sibiricus Linn.

a. flower; b. corolla expanded; c. corolla, seen from above, showing

the style and stamens (fresh material).

100 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969}

17. LEUCAS R. BR.

Leucas R. Br, Prodr. (1810) 504; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen.

Pl. 2 (1876) 1213; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 250.

Herbs or undershrubs. Stems and leaves often villous. Flowers

medium or small, in dense axillary, distant false whorls; sometimes

forming terminal, capitulate clusters. Calyx 8-10 nerved, often

striate; mouth equal or oblique; teeth 8-10, usually unequal, the

posterior one the largest. Corolla-tube slender, often not exserted,

annulate or not within; upper lip erect, concave, the margins often

fringed with dense velutionous hairs; lower lip 3-fid, spreading,

the mid-lobe very large. Stamens 4, didynamous; upper pair shorter;

all ascending under upper lip, the locules divaricate, ultimately

confluent. Disk entire or lobed, uniform or enlarged anteriorly.

Style subulate; upper branch minute or obsolete. Nutlets ovoid,

triquetrous, obtuse.

Species about 60, chiefly in warm and tropical parts of Africa

and Asia; about 6 species in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Verticils few, usually congested into terminal cluster or

clusters; mouth of calyx-tube oblique, the upper part pro-

jected forwards.

B. Calyx-tube tubular, 8-9 mm long (in flower); calyx-teeth

10; bracts lanceolate, as long as the calyx.

1. L. aspera

B. Calyx-tube turbinate, 5-7 mm long (in flower); bracts

linear, much shorter than the calyx.

C. Plant usually hispidous; leaves elliptic or narrowly

lanceolate; calyx-mouth open; teeth 8, subequal, the

posterior one only slightly larger than the others.

2. L. zeylanica

C. Plant usually finely puberulous; leaves generally

linear lanceolate; calyx-mouth often constricted,

especially in fruit; teeth 45-9, very unequal, the

posterior one much longer than the others.

3. L. lavandulifolia

A. Verticils few to many, distributed in distant nodes: mouth

of calyx-tube not or only slightly oblique; plants often densely

tomentose.

B. Calyx usually hispidous or hoary on the ribs; corolla-

tube barely exserted.

C. Calyx-teeth lanceolate; corolla-tube obliquely annu-

late within; two lips almost equal in length.

4. L. javanica

C. Calyx-teeth subulate; corolla-tube not annulate with-

in; lower lip much longer than the upper one.

5. L. mollissima

B. Calyx tomentose or sparingly puberulent: corolla-tube

long-exserted, annulate within. 6. L. flaccida

Keng — Malesian Labiatae ) 101

1. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link. Enum. Hort. Berol. 2 (1822) 113;

Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 743; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834)

615. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 532; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859)

982: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 690; Merr. Enum. Philip.

Fl. Pl. 3 (1923) 410; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 623.

Phlomis aspera Willd. Enum. Hort. Berol. 2 (1809) 621.

Leucas minahassae Koorders in Kord.-Schum. Syst. Verz. 3

(1914) 112 nom. nud. (syn. nov.)

Annual herb, 30-60 cm high, often branched. Stems and

branches hispidous, with spreading hairs. Leaves membrana-

ceous, linear-lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, 4-6 cm _ long,

0.8-1 cm wide, acuminate, the base attenuate, the margins

remotely crenate, tomentose on both surfaces, pilose on nerves;

petioles 0.5-1 cm long, densely hispidous. Flowers subsessile,

in terminal false whorls, forming globular head, 1.5-2.5 cm mi

across; bracts narrowly lanceolate, 8-10 mm long, ciliate along

the margins. Calyx 8-10 mm (only slightly accrescent in fruit) —

long, cylindric, the tube pilose, 10-nerved and 10-toothed, the

mouth strongly oblique, the teeth erect, the posterior one the

longest. Corolla 15-16 mm long, strongly curved, annulate near

the middle; upper lip 2 mm long, densely velutinous, the lower lip

6 mm sparsely pubescent. Nutlets narrowly ovoid, 2.5 mm long,

0.8 mm broad, the ventral surface triquetrous, the dorsal rounded,

finely granulate or nearly smooth, black.

Distribution: India to Mauritius and Malesia (Malay Penin-

sula, Java, Celebes and the Philippines).

Ecology: A weed often in open dry sandy soil and in waste

places.

Vern. names: Karukansoli, Pansi-pansi, Sipsipa, Sulasulasipan

(Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Java: Batavia, Backer s.n. Jan. 1903 (L); Ngawi, alt. 50 m, Backer

6670 (L); Madioen, alt. 60 m, Backer 6897 (L, Sing.); Pasoeroean, Backer

7733 & 8023 (L); Besoeki, alt. 5 m, Backer 8148 (L); Kediri, alt. 100 m,

Backer 11626 (L); Madoera, alt. 200 m, Backer 19514 & 20395 (L);

Pasoeroean, alt. 25 m, Backer 37499 (L); Pasoeroean, Dorgelo 31 (L);

Semarang, Houwing 446 (L); Semarang, Koorders 25363 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Manila, Merrill 1350 (L, Sing.); Luzon, Manila,

Merrill 5626 (L).

Celebes: Minahassa, Manado, Koorders 17382 (L).

2. Leucas zeylanica R. Br. in W. T. Aiton, Hort. Kew. ed. 2, 3

(1811) 409; Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 742 (ceylonica); Benth. Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1834) 614, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 531; Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. 2 (1859) 982; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 689; Hallier f.

in Bull. Cerb. Boiss. 6 (1898) 617; Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng.

74, 2 (1907) 718; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 411; Ridl. FI.

Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 650; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 623.

Phlomis zeylanica Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 586.

Leucas bancana Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. suppl. (1861-62) 572.

Leucas malayana Hance in Walp. Ann. Bot. Syst. 3 (1852-53)

269.

102 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 17. Leucas zeylanica R. Br. (a-f) and the calyx of other species.

a. flower; b. style and stamen (upper portions); c. calyx (upper

portion); d. corolla expanded; e. ovary and cup-shaped nectary disc;

f. nutlet; g. L. aspera; h. L. lavanduliforlia; i. L. flaccida; j. L. javanica;

k. L. mollissima. (a-f, fresh material; g. Backer 11626; h. de Wit 3951;

i. Eyma 306; j. Backer 3003; k. Merrill 11539).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 103

Annual herb, 20-60 cm high, often branched. Stems and

branches hispid. Leaves membranaceous, lanceolate, 4—5.5

cm long, 1-1.3 cm wide, acuminate, the base attenuate, entire;

margins elsewhere remotely serrate, hirsute on both surfaces;

petioles 0.2-0.8 cm long, hispid. Flowers subsessile, in terminal

false-whorls, usually 6-8 forming a globular head, 1.5-2 cm

across, occasionally also axillary false-whorls occur below; bracts

linear, 4-5 mm long, spinescent. Calyx turbinate 5—6 mm (in fruit

7-8 mm) long, slightly curved, hispid, 10-nerved and 8-toothed;

the mouth slightly oblique, pubescent within; the uppermost tooth

slightly longer than the rest. Corolla 8 mm long, the tube annulate

near the middle; upper lip obovate, white-woolly; lower lip patent,

3—4 mm long, 3-lobed. Nutlets obovoid, 3 mm long, 1 mm broad,

apex truncate; ventral surface angular, dorsal rounded; smooth.

Distribution: Throughout southern and south-eastern Asia.

Ecology: In open grasslands at low altitudes, sometimes as a

weed.

Vern. names: Ketumbit (Malay Peninsula); Guma-guma, masi-

bulan (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Simaloer, Achmad 683 (L); Atjeh, Asdat 162 (L); Asahan,

Bartlett & Rue 51 (L); W. Coast, Borssum Waalkes 1647 (L); Banka,

Muntok, Biinnemeijer 1477 (L); G. Malintang, alt. 800 m, Biinnenmeijer

3807 & 4445 (L); Riouw Arch., Bunnemeijer 5990 (L); P. Bintan,

Biinnemeijer 6112 (L); Lingga Arch., Biinnemeijer 6869 (L); Palembang,

Monod de Froideville 534 (L); E. Coast, Surbeck 347 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Pangkor Isl., Dindings, Burkill & Shah 277 (K, L,

Sing.); Johore, P. Pisang, Burkill & Kiah 647 (L, Sing.), Penang Curtis 409

(Sing.); Johore, Jason Bay, Corner 28531 (K, Sing.); Pahang, Pekan, Evans

s.n. July 1917 (K); Perak, Taiping, Henderson 10292 (Sing.); Perak, Lima

Blus Estate, Reed 5 (Sing.); Singapore, Robinson 5708 (K); Selangor,

Seimund s.n. June 1921 (K); Malacca, Shah 31 (K, L, Sing.); Singapore,

Sinclair 39143 (L); S. Johore, Spare F 749 (K); Lumut, Dindings, Strugnell

27082 (L); Kelantan, G. Kedah, Symington 37955 (Sing.).

Java: Banten, Adelbert s.n. 1954 (L); Karangampel, Backer 16793

(L); Madoera, Backer 18997 & 19854 (L); Besoeki, Backer 37069 & 37196

‘(L); Buitenzorg, alt. 250 m, Bakhuizen v/d Bring 1941 (L); Butenzorg,

Hallier 171 a (L); Semarang, Karta 220 & 418 (L); Java, Kievits s.n.

Sept. 1923 (L); Banjoemas, Kievits 2523 (L); Bagelen, Koorders 26225

(L); Tegal, Winckel s.n. Oct. 1917 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Kisar, Bloembergen 3857 (L); Lombok, Elbert

601 (L).

Borneo: Sandakan, Emler 20235 (L); Soeka Lanting, Hallier 57 (L);

Sandakan, Kadir 2887 (L); Sarawak, Sematan, Purseglove 4614 (L).

Philippines: Leyte, Tacloban, Frohne 35091 (L); Sulu Arch. Kondo

& Edano 38765 (L); Davao, Loher 4203 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Merrill 3095

(K, L); Luzon Bataan, Whitford 514 (K).

3. Leucas lavandulifolia Sm. in Rees. Cycl. 20 (1812) n. 2; Prain

in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 719; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923)

411; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 650; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot.

Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 167; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965)

623.

Phlomis linifolia Roth, Nov. Sp. (1821) 260.

104 Gardens Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Leucas linifolia (Roth) Spreng. Syst. 2 (1825) 743: Benth. Lab.

Gen. & Sp. 617 (1834) 744 (1836), in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848)

533; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 983; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4

(1885) 690.

Phlomis zeylanica (non Lin.) Blanco FI. Filip. (1837) 475

(ceilanica).

Erect annual herb, 30-80 cm high, often much-branched. Stems

and branches pubescent, subglaucous. Leaves herbaceous, linear

lanceolate, rarely lanceolate, 4-6 cm long, 0.4-0.6 cm wide,

acuminate, the base attenuate, entire, margins elsewhere subentire

or remotely and sparingly serrate; petiole subsessile. Flowers

shortly pedicelled, in terminal and axillary, always leafy false-

whorls, often congested towards apex and forming cluster or

clusters, 1.5—2 cm across; bracts linear, 3-4 mm long, puberulous.

Calyx obliquely turbinate, 6-7 mm (in fruit 8-9 mm) long, glabre-

scent or puberulent; mouth oblique, pubescent within with white

hairs, slightly constricted; teeth varying from 8-10, the uppermost

one large and broad, others minute and spinescent. Corolla 10 mm

long; tube annulate within near the middle; upper lip oblong,

woolly; lower lip patent, the mid-lobe large, obovate. Nutlets

oblong, 2.5 mm long, | mm broad, rounded at apex, inner surface

angular, outer rounded.

Distribution: India to S. China and Malesia.

Ecology: in open waste places at low and medium altitudes.

Vern. names: Patji-patji (Java) Pansi-pansit (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Tapanoeli, Habinsaran, Bartlett 7780 (L); Kabandjahe, alt.

1,225 m, Lorzing 6180 (L); Lake Toba, alt. 1,200 m, Lorzing 6538 (L);

Tapanoeli, Maranti, Rahmat Si Boeea 6152 (L); Padang Boelan, Stomps

SH. Act... 923. (1s).

Malay Peninsula: Penang, Bukit Penang, Curtis J/15 (Sing.); Penang,

Tanjong Tokong, Curtis 249] (Sing.) (Corolla white); Malacca, Griffith s.n.

(K); Singapore, Hullett 377 (Sing.); Malacca, Ridley s.n. 1890 (Sing.);

Singapore, Mt. Faber, Ridley 3888 (Sing.); Singapore, Sinclair 39142

(L, Sing.).

Java: W. Banten, Adelbert 338 (L); G. Tjeremai, alt. 700 m, Backer

4991 (L); G. Lawoe, alt. 700 m, Backer 6732 (L); Kediri, alt. 100 m,

Backer 11627 (L); Weleri, alt. 200 m, Backer 16603 (L); Pasoeroean,

Backer 36200 (L); Batavia, Bakhuizen v/d Brink J021 & 2125 (L); Kediri,

Coert 1690, 1737, 1781 & 1813 (L) Madioen, Dorgelo 1535 (L); Buitenzorg,

Hallier 288 (L); P. Purmerend, Hoed 3082 (L); Semarang, Houwing 918

(L); Java, Junghuhn 31 (L); Bawean, Karta IJ (L); Madioen, alt. 700 m,

Koorders 23143 & 23278 (L); Semarang, Koorders 25096 & 27629 (L);

Banjoemas, Koorders 27177 (L); Madioen, Koorders 2914] (Ly; Buitenzorg,

Koorders 31306 & 32577 (L); Batavia, Koorders 44153 (L): Buitenzorg,

Oostroom 12874 (L); Buitenzorg, Raap 64 (L); Batavia, Schiffner 2473 (L);

Bogor, Soegandiredjo 96 (L); Buitenzorg, Wit 395] (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 709 (K, L); Luzon, Sorsogon, Irosin,

Edano & Gutierrez 37764 (L); Luzon, Sorsogon, Elmer 16481 (K, L);

Luzon, Laguna, Los Banos, Hallier 4075 (L); Luzon, Loher 4204 (K):

Luzon, Manila, McGregor 45 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Antipolo, Merr. Sp.

Blanco 324 (K, L); Manila, Merrill 347 (K); Mindoro, Baco, Merrill 1266

(K); Manila, Merrill 1351 (L); Luzon, Tayabas, Merrill 1956 (K); Luzon,

Rizal, Merrill 2728 (K); Luzon, Laguna, San Antonio, Ramos 12046 (L):

Luzon, Vidal 3467 (K).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 105

Celebes: Manado, Forsten 48 (L).

Moluccas: Soela Isl., Sanana, alt. 200 m, Bloembergen 4462 (L); Soela

Isl., Mangoli, Bloembergen 4633 (L); Ceram, Kornassi 831 (L); Ceram.

Kornassi 1298 (L); Halmaheira, Pleyte 76 (L); Ceram, Rutten 169 (L).

New Guinea: Miso6dl group, Eykman 52 (L); Miso6l group, Pleyte

330 -{1.).

4. Leucas javanica Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834) 611, in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 528; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 980; Vidal Rev.

Pl. Vas. Filip. (1886) 214; Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3 (1923)

410; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 622.

Phlomis chinensis (non Retz.) Bl. in Biydr. (1826) 829.

Leucas biflora (non R. Br.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 1859) 980.

Leucas procumbens (non Desf.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 979.

Leucas leucocephala Mig. F\. Ind. Bat. (1859) 981.

Leucas oxyodon Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. (1859) 981.

Perennial herb, to 1.5 m high, branched. Stems and branches

tomentose, sometimes densely long-villose, subglaucous. Leaves

thin membranaceous, ovate to broadly ovate, 3-4 cm long, 2.5-3

cm wide, (sometimes very small, 1.5 x 1.2 cm) acute, the base

rounded or truncate, the margins elsewhere coarsely serrate or

crenate; pubescent or hirsute on both surfaces; petiole 0.2-0.5 cm

long. Flowers 2—6 (sometimes more) in axillary whorls, remotely

distant; bracts linear, 2-3 mm long, setose. Calyx subcampanulate,

usually 8-9 mm (in fruit 10-11 mm) long, sparsely hirsute or

densely long-villous externally, 10-toothed, the teeth lanceolate,

subequal or alternately larger and smaller ones, the posterior one

the largest, 2-2.5 mm long. Corolla 15-16 cm long, obliquely

annulate; two lips almost equal in length. Nutlets ellipsoid, 2 mm

long, 1 mm broad, scabrous.

Type specimen: Java: Intra montem Burangrang et Tankawam

Paku, Blume. Herb. Lugd. Bat. 904, 356-479 (L.)

Distribution: Malesia.

Ecology: In open waste places, thickets and grassland, at low

and high altitudes.

Vern. names: Patji-patji (Java), Banbansit, Paling-harap

(Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Java: Preanger, Backer 966 (L); Preanger, alt. 550 m, Backer 3003

(L); Tueschen Bantoer, alt. 300 m, Backer 4001 (L); Djatioroto, alt. 20 m,

Backer 8089 (L); Tyidjoeroeg, Backer 17284 (L); Madoera, alt. 50 m,

Backer 19397 (L); Batavia, alt. 934 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 4975 (L);

Pasanggrahan, Boerlage 3819 (L); Buitenzorg, Biinnemeijer 94 (L);

Parangtritis, Coert 446 (Lj); Madura, Coert 1674 (L) (Fils. white);

Tjemaralela, Coert 3453 (L); Moeriah, Docters van Leeuwen 944 (L);

Soerabaja, Dorgelo 207 (L); Bogor, Hallier 290 (L); Buitenzorg, Hallier s.n.

Oct. 1894 (L); Dieng, alt. 2,000 m, Hochreutiner 2396 (L); Tengger, Mt.

Ajak-ajak, alt. 2,800 m, Hochreutiner 2662 (L); Sindiglaja, Holstvoogd 119

(L); Java, Horsfield s.n. (K. type of Leucas leucocephala Miq.), Horsfield

sn. (K. type of Leucas oxyodon Miq.) Tyjikampek, Karsten 30 (L);

Tjibodas, G. Gedeh, alt. 1,500 m, Kern 7411] (L); Pasoeroean, Kobus 72600

(L); Besoeki, alt. 1,150 m, Koorders 14829 (L); Madioen, alt. 1,300 m,

Koorders 23286 (L); Pasoeroean, Koorders 23377 (L); Semarang, Koorders

106 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

24999 (L); Madioen, alt. 800 m, Koorders 29777 (L); Djapara, Koorders

33549 (L); Pasoeroean, alt. 2,100 m, Koorders 37625 (L); Besoeki, Koorders

38525 (L); Gempolkrep, Kreulen 119 (L); Beneden, Lorzing 2238 (L);

Panaragan, Nedi & Idjan 11 (L); Tjibodas, G. Gede, Ooststroom s.n. May

1950 (L); Bandoeng, Popta 470 (L); Lembang, Popta 763 (L); Bantardjati,

Raap 528 (L); Tjisaroea, Raap 893 (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 260 m, Schiffner

2468, 2476 & 2480 (L); Soerabaja, Slooten 2031] (L); Priangan, G.

Papandajan, alt. 2,401 m, Steenis 4275 (L); Pasoeroean, alt. 2,400 m,

Steenis 7249 (L); Besoeki, alt. 2,300 m, Steenis 10926 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Babar, Borssum Waalkes 3006 (L); Soemba,

Iboet 188 (L); Tanimbar, Pleyte 125 (L); Lombok, Zollinger s.n. July

1846 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Ahern’s Collector 340] (K); Philippines, Cuming

495 (K, L); Mindanao, Pujada Isl., Edano 11665 (L); Luzon, Laguna,

Elmer 8104 (K); Luzon, Laguna, Mt. Maquiling, Elmer 18079 (K, L):

Luzon, Loher 4224 (K); Coron Isl., Ramos 41158 (K); Luzon, Laguna,

Mt. Makiling, Sulit 34065 (L); (Fls. white).

New Guinea: Papua, Sudest Isl.. Rambuso, Brass 28094 (K, L) (Lvs.

‘not aromatic; fis. white).

This is an extremely variable species, with regard to the density

of verticillasters (from 2—3, 5—6 or more flowers), the pubescence of

‘the calyx tube, the length of the calyx-teeth, and the dimension

(1.5—-4 x 1.2-3 cm) and texture (fleshy or herbaceous) of the leaves.

Based on the various combination of these characters, Miquel

‘(1859) recognized 3 varieties (var. horsfieldiana, Miq., vat. montana,

Zoll. and var. littoralia Zoll.) and also described 2 new species,

Leucas leucocephala, and Leucas oxyodon. Backer (1965) observed

3 intergrading forms (f. javanica, f. littoralis and f. montana)

‘from Java.

As a result of observations on a fairly large number of herbarium

specimens, all these are seemingly connected by a series of inter-

‘mediate forms. Variations often occur in the same specimen.

“Therefore I consider them as belonging to a single but variable

species.

‘5. Leucas mollissima Wall. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1

(1830) 62; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834) 607, in DC Prodr.

12 (1848) 525; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 682; Merr. &

Rolfe in Philip. J. Sc. (1910) Bot. 381; Merr. Enum. Philip.

3 (923). ait.

Leucas marrubioides (non Wall.) Ceron Cat. Pl. Herb. Manila

(1892) 135.

Leucas sericea Elm. Leafi. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 340.

Annual or perennial herb, 40-60 cm high, much-branched. Stems

-and branches hoary-tomentose. Leaves thin to thick membrana-

ceous, narrowly ovate to elliptic, 1.5—-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide,

‘obtuse or acute, the base rounded, entire, the margins elsewhere

‘crenate or serrate, densely appressed tomentose on both surfaces,

the lower often silvery glaucous; petioles 0.2-0.5 cm long. Flowers

6-10 in axillary false whorls, distant; bracts linear, minute. Calyx

cylindric, 7-8 mm long, densely sericeous, striate; teeth subulate,

subequal. Corolla 14-15 mm long, curved, not annulate; upper

lip 3-4 mm long, densely sericeous; lower lip 7-8 mm long, nearly

flat. Nutlets broadly ellipsoid, fattened, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm broad,

nearly smooth.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 107

Distribution: India to §. China and Malesia.

Ecology: In open places or in thickets, from low to medium

altitudes.

Vern. names: Saja-hetela (Sunda), Abra (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Malay Peninsula: Kedah, G. Baling, summit, Corner & Nauen 35381

(Sing.); G. Baling, Kiah s.n. May 1938 (Sing.) ((Fls. white).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, alt. 500-1,200 m, Elbert 1420 & 1462

(L); Wetar Isl., Elbert 4369 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Baguio, Elmer 8409 (K) (Type of Leucas sericea

Elm.); Benguet, Loher 4183 (K); Luzon, Loher 4226 (K); Golo, Merrill

11539 (K, L); Luzon, Benguet, Mt. Santo Tomas, Merrill 11699 (L);

Philippines, Micholtz s.n. (K); Mindoro, Mt. Calavite, Ramos 39388 (L);

Luzon, Baguio, Trono 35164 (L); Panay, Illoilo, Miagas, Vidal 3468 (K).

Moluccas: Goal, Idjan 188 (L) (Herb 1 m, high; fls. white).

New Guinea: Papua, Isuarava, Carr 15343 (K, L).

Ceron (1892) recorded the occurrence of Leucas marrubioides

in the Philippines which was based on Vidal 3468 -from Panay,

Miagas. Here I confirm Merrill’s suggestion that the specimen

cited is merely a form of Leucas mollissima Wall. ex Benth.

One noticeable fact is that according to Bentham’s description,

the typical form of the species usually has 10-30 flowers in a

verticillaster. The Malesian plant, however, usually possesses only

6-10 flowers in a verticillaster.

6. Leucas flaccida R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 505; Benth. Lab. Gen. &

Sp. (1834) 609, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 526; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

(1859) 979: Hook f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 684; Mukerj. in Rec.

Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 179.

Leucas parviflora Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 62.

Leucas decemdentata (non Sm.) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834)

609, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 526 (cit. spec. from Timor).

Annual herb, 20-30 cm up to 1 m high, usually flabby and

whithered. Stems and branches slender, tomentose. Leaves mem-

branaceous, lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 2—3.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm

wide, acute, the base cuneate, entire, the margins elsewhere crenate-

serrate, pubescent above, tomentose and subglaucous beneath;

petioles 0.5—1 cm long. Flowers 3-8 in axillary whorls, well-apart:

bracts linear, 2-3 mm long, setose. Calyx tubular, 5-6 mm long,

tomentose, 10-toothed, the teeth subequal, triangular at base,

abruptly narrowed above. Corolla 13-14 mm long, the tube long-

exserted, annulate within; the lower lip slightly longer than the

upper one. Nutlets obovoid, 1.5 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, sub-

truncate above, smooth.

Distribution: Burma, Malesia (Malay Peninsula, Lesser Sunda

Islands, Philippines, Celebes and New Guinea) to N. E. Australia.

Ecology: In dry, open places or on limestone hills at low

altitudes.

Vern. names: Bimig-Arial, Daarutuk, Kafi (Sunda Islands).

108 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Specimens examined:

Malay Peninsula: Kedah, G. Baling, alt. 400 m, Henderson 35381 (K)

(Fls. white).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, near Kapan, alt. 900 m, Bloembergen

3533 (L) (Herb 30 cm. high; fis. white); Wetar, alt. 250 m, Bloembergen

3641 (L) (Herb 1 m, high; fis. white); Timor Coefang, Brown s.n. April

1803 (L); Alor, alt. 400 m, Jaag 202 (L); Timor, Meyer s.n. June 1883

(K); Timor Teysmann 10930 (L); W. of Timor, Sejra, Treub s.n. 1893 (L).

Philippines: Palawan, Merrill 1269 (L); Sulu, Tawitawi, Ramos &

Edano 44040 (L); Luzon, Laguna, Mt. Maquiling, Servinas 16898 (L).

Celebes: Pangkadjene, Eyma 306 (L); Sangi & Talaud Isls., alt. 300 m,

Lam 2402 (L) (Calyx green; fis. white); Pangkadjene, Teysmann 12268

(L).

New Guinea: N. New Guinea, Humboldt Bay, Gjellerup 988 (L) (Fs.

white scentless).

18. MELISSA LINN.

Melissa [Tourn] Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 257; Sp. Pl. (1753) 592;

Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1191; Briq. in

EL. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 295.

Perennial herbs, branched. Leaves opposite, crenate. Flowers

medium-sized, usually in few-flowered, axillary false whorls. Calyx

always 13-nerved, sometimes not very clear due to the reticulation

of transverse veins; 2-lipped; upper lip 3-dentate, the teeth broad

and highly connate, often slightly recurved; lower lip 2-toothed,

the teeth long and subulate. Corolla rather straight, long and

slender; upper lip emarginate or notched, erect; lower lip 3-lobed,

flat and spreading. Stamens 4, didynous, ascending, epicorolline,

the posterior pair smaller and shorter than the anterior pair:

anthers 2-loculate, the locules divaricate. Style lobes subequal.

Nutlets obovoid, smooth and dark, often with a very prominent

scar.

Species 3, S. Europe and S. & S. E. Asia: 1 species extended to

Malesia.

1. Melissa axillaris Bakh. f. in Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965)

629.

Melissa hirsuta (non Hornem.) BI. Bijdr. (1826) 830; Benth. Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1834) 394, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 241.

Melissa parviflora (non Salisb. 1796) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As.

Rar. 1 (1830) 65, Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834) 394, in DC. Prodr.

12 (1848) 241; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 651; Mig. FI.

Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 960; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. Agr. Taihoku

Un. 2, 2 (1929) 96; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1

(1940) 100.

Geniosporum axillare Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1830) 18.

Erect herb, upto 1 m high, more or less woody at the base.

Branches pubescent when young. Leaves thin or thick membrana-

ceous, very variable in size and shape; the small ones ovate or

elliptic, 1.2-3 cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, acute, the base rounded

or cuneate, the margins crenate; the larger ones lanceolate-ovate,

often unequilateral, 5-7 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, acuminate, the

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 109

2mm

+5 mm

Fig. 18. Melissa axillaris Bakh. f.

a. diagram of portion of the inflorescence; b. flower, c. portion of

corolla expanded, showing the stamens and tip of style; d. ovary;

e. upper portion of fruiting calyx expanded; f. nutlet. (flower, Backer

21603; fruit, Backer 489).

110 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

base acute, the margins remotely toothed except the base; petioles

0.5—3 cm long. Flowers few (usually 4-8) in axillary false whorls;

pedicels 1-2 mm long, sericeous. Calyx 5—6 mm (in fruit 6-8 mm)

long, pilose on the ribs outside; tube not inflated below: upper lip

shortly 3-toothed, often recurved; lower teeth 2, subulate, ciliate.

Corolla 9-10 mm long; tube slender; upper lip notched: lower lip

3-lobed. Stamens 4, the anterior pair barely exserted. Style equally

2-branched at the top. Nutlets narrowly ellipsoid, 8 mm long, 2

mm wide, finely puberulent, with a very conspicuous scar on the

ventral base.

Distribution: Himalayas, to S.W. China and Formosa, and to

Malesia (Sumatra and Java).

Ecology: In open trials or forest edges at medium to high

altitudes 1,500-2,600 m), sometimes at the top of volcanoes.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: G. Kerintji, alt. 2,200 m, Binnemeijer 9196 (L, Sing); G.

Kerintji, alt. 2,600 m, Biinnemeijer 9805 (L, Sing.); G. Kerintji,Biinnemeijer

10266 (L); G. Singalang, alt. 1,200 m, Matthew s.n. Dec. 1913 (K);

Korinchi Peak, alt. 2,400 m, Robinson & Kloss 144 (BM, K, Sing.);

Gajoe & Alas Lands, alt. 1,500 m, Steenis 8744 (L).

Java: G. Slamat, alt. 2,500 m, Backer 489 (L); G. Tjeremai, alt.

1,500 m, Backer 4914 (L); G. Tjeremai, alt. 2,000 m, Backer s.n. 1912 (L);

G. Papandajan, alt. 1,800 m, Backer 5543 (L); Dieng Plateau, alt. 2,000 m,

Backer 21603 (K, L); Tjeremai, Blume 1589 a & b (L) (Type of Melissa

hirsuta Bl.); Java, Horsfield 111 & 114 (K); Preanger, Pengalangen,

Leeuwen 2351 (L); Tegal, Leeuwen 13342 (L); W. Patoeha, Lorzing 1299

(L); Tegal, Monchy 8 (L); G. Papandajan, alt. 1,700 m, Ridley s.n. Feb.

1915 (K) (fls. white); Preanger, Schiffner 11 (L); Preanger, alt. 2,000 m,

Slooten 764 (K); G. Papandajan, alt. 2,041 m, Steenis 4273 (K, L, Sing.);

Preanger, alt. 2,000 m, Wisse 1057 (L).

Since both Melissa hirsuta Bl. and Melissa parviflora Benth. are

later homonyms, Dr. Bakhuizen y.d. Brink, Jr.’s new name is

therefore accepted. :

Merrill (in J. St. Br. Roy. As. Soc. sp. no. (1921) 519) recorded

the presence of this plant from Brunei, Borneo. So far, from the

available specimens* examined, this species appears to be con-

fined to Sumatra and Java in the Malaysian regions.

Excluded species

Melissa indora Hassk. in Hoev. & De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch.

& Phys. 10 (1843) 127, Cat. Bogor. (1844) 132; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

2 (1859) 969. — Teucrium viscidum BI.

The reduction was made by Koorders (Exkur. Fl. Java 3

(1912) 142).

* IT am indebted to Dr. J. A. R. Anderson and Dr. P. Ashton for

sending all the Labiatae specimens in the Herbarium of the Forest

Department, Kuching, Sarawak to Singapore. I failed to find any specimen

that can be referred to this species.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 111

19. MENTHA LINN.

Mentha (Tourn.) Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 257, Sp. Pl. (1753)

592: Benth, in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1182; Briq.

in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 317.

Perennial herbs with creeping rootstocks, often strongly scented.

Leaves opposite, often dotted. Flowers small, in axillary false

whorls (in Malesian species) or forming terminal spicate inflores-

cence; bracts often small. Calyx tubular or campanulate, 10-nerved,

5-toothed, the teeth subequal. Corolla funnel-shaped, short, 4-lobed,

the uppermost lobe broader than the other 3, emarginate. Stamens

4, dimorphic, subequal; anthers 2-loculate, the locules parallel;

filaments free, erect, distant. Disk entire, uniform. Style shortly

2-branched, subequal. Nutlets ovoid, smooth or reticulate.

Species about 25—30*, mainly in North temperate regions of the

Old World; with 1 species (Mentha arvensis Linn.) introduced and

cultivated and 1 variety (or considered as a species) probably native

to Malesia.

1. Mentha arvensis Linn. var. javanica (Bl.) Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind.

4 (1885) 648; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 631.

Mentha javanica Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 826; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp.

(1833) 183, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 173; Prain in J. As. Soc.

Bengal 74, 2 (1907) 710; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 415;

Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 655 (as Excl. sp.)

Mentha arvensis Benth. (non Linn.) var. zollingeri Brig. in E. &

P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 319.

Herb, prostrate, often rooting below. Stems 30-60 cm high,

pubescent with adpressed hairs. Leaves thin membranaceous, lan-

ceolate to broadly lanceolate, 2.5-4.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm wide,

acute, the base long-cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere serrate;

sparingly hairy above, glabrous beneath; petioles 0.5-1 cm long.

Flowers in axillary false whorls: bracts linear or subulate, 2—4

mm long; pedicels 2—2.5 mm long. Calyx tubular-campanulate,

2.5 mm (in fruit 3 mm) long, adpressed with short and long hairs,

5-toothed; teeth subequal, lanceolate or subulate, ciliate, often

shorter than the tube. Corolla 4.5-5 mm long, puberulent exter-

nally. Nutlets ellipsoid, 1 mm long, finely granulate, often pointed

above, and with a large lateral scar below.

Type specimen: Java, Buitenzorg, et in uliginosis prope Tugu,

Blume s.n. (L).

*The number of species has been variously estimated. To quote de

Wolf (in Baileya, vol. 2, p. 3, 1954), “The genus Mentha is taxonomically

a most perplexing group of cultivated plants. This situation arises

principally from its long history in cultivation and its propensity for

hybridization. In the past there has been a tendency by students, as in

many similar genera, to recognize every individual variation as a distinct

species. This has resulted in an almost hopeless multiplication of names,

so that now, in a genus with about 25 species there are more than 600

specific names.”

142 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 19. Mentha arvensis Linn. var. javanica Hook. f.

a. portion of a branch with axillary verticillasters; b. flower; c. corolla

expanded (upper portion only); d. ovary; e. fruiting calyx; f. nutlet in

2 views. (Blume, s.n.)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae MS

Distribution: Ceylon and Malesia (Malay Peninsula, Java, &

the Philippines).

Ecology: Often cultivated only.

Vern. names: Bidjanggut, Daun poko (Java); Polihos, polio

(Philippines).

Specimens examined :

Malay Peninsula: Singapore, Galang, Bakar s.n. 1892 (Sing.); Singa-

pore, Burkill 276 (Sing.); Singapore, Furtado s.n. March 1924 (Sing.);

Malacca, Griffith 3977 (K).

Java: Buitenzorg, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 7901 (K); Java, Zollinger

1843 (BM).

Philippines: Philippines, Cuming 1718 (K).

This Malesian plant perhaps is not specifically different from the

southern European species, Mentha arvensis Linn., although it can

be easily distinguished from the latter by its lanceolate leaves and

by its longer calyx-teeth which often exceed the length of the

calyx-tube; while in the typical form of Mentha arvensis, the leaves.

are generally oblong-ovate, and the length of the calyx-teeth never

exceeds that of the calyx-tube. Their basic structures of the flower

and inflorescence, nevertheless, are very much the same. Kooders

(in Exkurs. Fl. Jav. 3 (1912) 150) was of the opinion that they are

conspecific.

A large number of specimens of this species from the Malay-

sian regions are deposited in the Leiden herbarium. I regret that I

did not have time to study them during my short stay there.

Cultivated species

Mentha arvensis Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 577; Merr. Enum. Philip.

3 (1923) 415.

Mentha crispa (non Linn.) Blanco, Fl. Filip. (1837) 474, ed.

2 (1845) 330, ed. 3, 2 (1878) 246.

A native of Europe, cultivated in the Malesia as a pot plant.

Propagated vegetatively.

20. MESONA BL.

Meson Blume Bijdr. (1826) 838; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f.

2 (1876) 1172; Briq. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 365.

Annual herbs. Stems erect or procumbent, pubescent. Leaves

opposite, petiolate. False whorls many flowered, forming axillary

and terminal racemose inflorescences; flowers small, bracts often

caducous. Calyx campanulate (in fruit tubular, declinate), 8-nerved,

2-lipped, the upper lip 3-fid, the lower entire. Corolla short; throat

inflated, abruptly constricted towards the base; limb 2-lipped, the

upper lip truncate or 3-lobed, the median lobe very broad, the

lower oblong, concave. Stamens 4, in 2 pairs; anther locules con-

fluent into 1-loculate; filaments exserted, those of the posterior pair

appendaged at the base. Style briefly 2-fid. Disk inflated, gibbous.

114 . Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Nutlets ellipsoid or ovoid, minute, smooth; lower part of the

fruiting calyx-tube deeply pitted between the nerves and the con-

necting transverse bars.

Species about 8-10, from the Himalayas, Thailand, Indo-China

to S. China, Formosa and Malesia. 2 species are distributed in

Malesia.

Key to the species

_A. Flowers usually 12-20 in a false whorl; flowering calyx 2-2.5

mm long, lower part of fruiting calyx conspicuously inflated

and cross-barred and pitted; leaves and stems often pubescent

or densely villous. 1. M. palustris

A. Flowers usually over 20 in a false whorl; flowering calyx

2.5-3 mm long; lower part of fruiting calyx not or only slight-

ly inflated, the cross bars and pits less conspicuous; leaves and

stems often glabrescent or pubescent. 2. M. philippinensis

1. Mesona palustris Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 839; Benth. in DC. Prodr.

~12 (1848) 46; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 940, (incl. var.

petiolata); Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 638.

An erect, aromatic herb, 30-50 cm high. Stems slender, un-

branched or only sparsely branched at the top, glabrescent, pube-

scent or densely villose. Leaves membranaceous or chartaceous,

‘oblong-elliptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 3-8 cm long, 1.2—3.5

cm wide, acute or obtuse, the base narrowly acute or rounded, the

margins crenate or serrulate; petioles 0.5—-2 cm long, hispid or

villose. False whorls close or distant, many- (usually 12-20)

flowered, forming terminal, rarely also axillary, raceme-like

inflorescence, 5-12 cm long; rachis villose or hirsute; bracts sub-

tending the whorls lanceolate to ovate, 7-10 mm long, acuminate.

deciduous; pedicels 5-6 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 2—-2.5 mm

long, covered with white hairs; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip 3-lobed,

ciliate, the lower lip oblong, rounded, often thin and transparent.

Corolla 4-5 mm long, the tube inflated above, and abruptly

narrowed below. Fruiting calyx tubular-urceolate, 4-5 mm long,

the lower part of the tube inflated, deeply reticulate and pitted

between the nerves, hirsute. Nutlets ellipsoid, flattened, about 1 mm

long, 0.6-0.7 mm wide, finely granulate.

Type specimens: Buitenzorg, Java, Blume s.n. (Herb. Lugd. Bat.

905, 103-495, & 497).

Distribution: Malesia.

Ecology: In lowland rice fields or on open grassy slopes or in

forest margins from low to medium altitudes (75—2,300 m).

Specimens examined :

Java: G. Boender, Backer s.n. 1910 (L); Madioen, Patjitan, alt.

420 m, Backer 2974 (L); G. Lawoe, alt. 75 m, Backer 6727 (L); Java,

Blume s.n. (L) (Lectotypes of Mesona palustris Bl.) (Herb. Lugd. Bot.

No. 905, 103-495 & 497) Bogor, Tjampea, Bonsma s.n. (L); Lawoe,

alt. 150 m, Coert 1027 (L); Lawoe, Coert 1049 (L); Madioen, G. Lawoe,

Sarangan, alt. 1,000 & 1,500 m, Dorgelo s.n. 1923 (L); Madioen, G. Lawoe,

alt. 2,300-2,600 m, Elbert 146 (L); Madioen, Ramping, 1,300-1,400 m,

Elbert 147 (L); Madioen, G. Lawoe, alt. 2,000-2.300 & 2,300-2,600 m,

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 115

Imm

2mm

. a“

Fig. 20. Mesona palustris Bl. (a-f) and M. philippinensis Merr. (g).

a. flower; b. corolla; c. corolla expanded, showing the stamens (the

upper pair appendaged at the base); d. upper portion of fruiting calyx,

seen from below; e. fruiting calyx, seen from above; f. nutlet; g.

flower (a-f, Horsfield s.n.; g. Ramos & Edano 40206).

oie Pane

116 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Elbert 745 & 746 (L); Idjen Plateau, Geert-Ronner s.n. 1923 (L); Bogor,

cult., Hallier 294 (L); Java, Hoffmannsegg 117 (K); Java, Horsfield lab. 22

(K) (Type of Mesona palustris Bl. var. petiolare Mig.); Java, Junghuhn 13

{K, L) & 14 (L); Java, Junghuhn 573 (L); G. Ungarang, alt. 3,000-4,000 m,

Junghuhn 574 & 576 (L); Madioen, Sarangan, G. Lawoe, alt. 1,300 m,

Karsten 47 (L); Kertosono, Kooper s.n. June 1925 (L); Besoeki, Ridjengan,

alt. 1,450 m, Koorders 43204 (K, L); Bogor, alt. 260 m, Nedi & Idjan 202

({L) (height 40 cm; fis. violet); Pasoeroean, G. Boetak, Oosten s.n. Nov.

1930 (L); Priangan, Bandoeng, Batoedjadjar, alt. 600 m, Piji 908 (L);

Idjen Plateau, Rant s.n. June 1927 (L}; Pasoeroean, G. Ardjoeno, alt.

1,600-2,000 m, Steenis 7008 (L); Java, Waitz s.n. (L); Java, Zippelius s.n.

(L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Rindjani, alt. 500-700, 750-900,

900-1,350 & 2,200—-2,300 m, Elbert 747, 884, 973 & 1047 (L); Lombok,

Rindjani, alt. 1,175-1,250 m, Elbert 1459 (K, L); W. Sumbawa, Semongkat

Atas, alt. 700 m, Kuswata 183 (L); Bali, alt. 1,250 m, Steenis 8/57 (L.

Sing.); Bali, Voogd 1926 (L); Lombok, Poesoek, alt. 1,500 m, Voogd

2099 (L).

Borneo: Borneo, Korthals s.n. (L).

Celebes: G. Bonthain, alt. 2,000 m, Biinnmeijer 72909 (K): G.

Bonthain, alt. 1,800 m, Biinnemeijer 12274 (L):; Sidenreng-Rapang, alt.

75 m, Eyma 338 (L) (fils. pink); Pasoei-Rante Lemo, alt. 600-1,300 m,

Eyma 405 (L); Kanandede-Komba, alt. 900 m, Eyma 1157 (L) (fis. lilac);

‘Teleboi, alt. 1,050 m, Eyma 1520 (L); Celebes, Foresten 38 (L); Enrekang,

Noerkas 340 (L); G. Sikoekoe, Vuuren & Rachmat s.n. 1913 (L).

The species is extremely variable in shape, dentation and indu-

mentum of the leaves. The basic structures of the flowers and

fruit are very constant. Mesona parviflora (Wall.) Briq., (or

Mesona wallichiana Benth.) of Indo-Burma, as Miquel correctly

pointed out, is not specifically different from this Malesian species.

2. Mesona philippinensis Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912) 101,

Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 420.

An erect annual herb, 30-50 cm high, aromatic. Stems slender,

glabrescent or sparingly covered with hairs. Leaves membrana-

ceous or chartaceous, oblong-elliptic, 3-5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm wide,

acute on both ends, the margins finely serrate; petioles 2—2.5 cm

long. False whorls close or distinct,. many- (usually over 20)

flowered, forming terminal raceme-like inflorescence, 8-12 cm

(in fruit up to 20 cm) long: bracts subtending each whorl ovate,

7-10 mm long, acute to acuminate on both ends, deciduous:

pedicels 5-6 mm long. Calyx tubular, sparingly hairy, 2.5-3 mm

long, 2-lipped; upper lip 3-lobed, the central lobe larger: lower lip

oblong. Corolla 4.5-5 mm long, 2-lipped: upper lip rhomboid,

inflated; lower lip oblong. Fruiting calyx cylindric, 5-5.5 mm

long, the lower part curved, only slightly inflated, hirsute and

warted; cross-bars and pits between the nerves less conspicuous.

Nutlets oblong ellipsoid, compressed, 1 mm long, 0.4 to 0.5 mm

wide, finely granulate.

Tpye specimens: Mt. Data, Lepanto, Luzon, Merrill 4500

(isotype, BM, K), Nov. 1905; Bontoc subprov., Luzon, Father M.

Vanoverborgh 601 (paratype, L), Oct. 1914.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Luzon, Philippines).

Ecology: On grassy slopes in thin pine forests, alt. 1,300-

2,000 m.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 117

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Benguet, Data, Loher 4200 & 4201 (K); Luzon, Lepanto,

Mt. Data, Merrill 4500 (BM, K) (Type of Mesona philippinensis Merr.);

Luzon, Lepanto, Mt. Data, Ramos & Edano 40206 (L); Luzon, Cagayan,

Penablanca, Ramos 76847 (Sing.); Luzon, Bontoc, Vanoverbergh 601 (L)

(Paratype).

This species with a pair of small lateral teeth in the upper

calyx-lip, and with less conspicuously cross-barred and pitted

fruiting calyx is somewhat intermediate between Masona Blume

and Nosema Prain.

21. MICROTOENA PRAIN.

Microtoena Prain in Hook. Ic. Pl. 19 (1889) ¢. 7872; in J. As. Soc.

Beng. 59 (1890) 310, in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 42 (1895) 417; Briq.

in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 269.

Perennial herbs, erect and branching. Leaves opposite, long-

petiolate. Flowers in large terminal panicles and smaller axillary

cymes. Calyx campanulate, accrescent in fruit, unequally 5-toothed,

obscurely 10-nerved; throat glabrous within. Corolla-tube long

exserted, 2-lipped: upper lip galeate, concave, entire; lower lip

spreading, 3-fid, the mid-lobe much narrower than the lateral ones.

Stamens 4, in 2 pairs, ascending under the upper lip; anther-locules

divaricate when young, at length confluent; filaments often hirsute.

Style bifid, the upper branch very short. Nutlets minute, ovate, the

ventral surface subtriquetrous, smooth or granulate.

Species about 6, Indo-Himalaya, S. China and Indo-China:

1 extended to Malesia (Java).

1. Microtoena insuavis (Hance) Prain ex Briq. in E. P., Pfl. Fam.

4, 3a (1897) 269: Dunn in Not. Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. 6 (1915)

188; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agr. IT, 2 (1929) 183: Wu in Act.

Phytotax. 8 (1959) 44; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 625.

Geomphosiemma insuave Hance in J. Bot. 22 (1884) 231.

Microtoena cymosa Prain in Hook. Ic. Pl. 19 (1889) t. 1872, in J.

As. Soc. Beng. 59 (1890) 310, in Kew Bull. Misc. Inf. (1902)

11.

Plectranthus patchouli Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885)

624.

Erect branching herb, 0.5—1 m high. Stems and branches densely

villose. Leaves chartaceous, ovate to broadly ovate, 7-10 cm long,

4.5—7.5 cm wide (sometimes much smaller), acute, the base rounded

or subcordate, often abruptly cuneate, the margins serrate or

crenate-serrate: adpressedly pubescent on both surfaces; petioles

slender, 1-7 cm long. Flowers in lax, terminal and axillary cymes,

usually forming large paniculate thyrse, up to 15 cm high. Calyx

turbinate, 3-4 mm (in fruit 6-7 mm) long hirsute and glandulate:

teeth triangular, subequal, the uppermost one the largest. Corolla

15-16 mm long, pubescent; upper lip hooded: lower lip shallowly

3-fid, the central lobe narrowly elliptic, laterally spreading. Nutlets.

ovoid, flattened, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, finely granulate.

118 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

b a

Fig. 21. Microtoena insuavis Prain ex Briq.

a. leaf; b. diagram of the paniculate inflorescence and a bract

(enlarged); c. flower; d. half upper lip of corolla (upper portion only);

e. lower lip of corolla; f. stamen; g. ovary and nectary disc; h. fruiting

calyx and nutlet (a & b. Rant s.n.; c-h. Koorders 23161).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 119°

Type specimen: N. River, Kwangtung, S. China, Henry 22237.

(type of Gomphostemma insuave Hance, not seen).

Distribution: E. India, Burma, Indo-China to S. China and

Malesia (Sumatra, Java, the Lesser Sunda Islands & New Guinea).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Keban Djahe, East Coast, Hamel & Si Toroes 689 (L);.

Berastagi, Ridley s.n. (Feb. 1921) (K).

Java: E. Java Coert 1071 (L); G. Oengaran, C. Java, D.v. Leeuwen

2187 (L); G. Tjaksa, Preanger, D. v. Leeuwen 2327 (L); Negebel, E. Java,

Koorders 23161 (K, L); Res. Madioen, E. Java, Koorders 29140 (L);

Ngebel, alt. 883 m, Rant s.n. (1922) (L); Idjen, E. Java, alt. 1,300 m,

Rant s.n. (1927) (L); Preanger, Winckel s.n. (Aug. 1917) (),

Lesser Sunda Islands: Bali, alt. 1,250—-1,300 m, v. Steenis 8132 (K);.

Batoe Kaoe, Bali, De Voogd 1853 (L).

New Guinea: North vicinity of Rigo, C. Dist. Papua, in eucalyptus.

Savannah, alt. 330 m, Schodde 2700 (L) (erect perennial, c. 1.5 m, high,

leaves mid dull green above, paler below; corolla mid lavender with

dark reddish lines inside).

The Malesian plant agrees fairly well with the type specimens of

Microtoena cymosa Prain which was described from a cultivated

plant (in Mr. Mann’s garden, in 1887 and 1888) that originated from

Khasia Hills, E. India. These specimens are preserved in the Kew

Herbarium.

This binomial was reduced by Dunn as synonymous with

Microtoena insuvavis (Hance) Prain ex Brig. (Basionym:

Gomphostemma insuave Hance). The latter was based on Henry

22237, from North River, Kwangtung, S. China, which I have not

seen. Several specimens deposited in the Kew Herbarium, coliected

by Ford and others from or near the type locality identified as.

Microtoena insuavis (Hance) Prain ex Briq. by Dunn, however,

possess somewhat larger flowers and leaves, and much lax

inflorescences.

Only a single specimen from New Guinea (Papua) has been seen.

It differs from the typical form of the species in the narrowly ovate

(rather than ovate to broadly ovate) leaves, and in the subequal

(rather than the posterior one being the largest) calyx-lobes. This.

probably represents a new variety.

22. MOSLA BUCH.-HAM. ex MAXIM.

Mosla Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 66,

in Syn.; Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 20 (1875) 457; Benth.

in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1182; Brig. in E. & P. Pf.

Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 326.

Orthodon Benth. ex Oliv. in J. Linn. Soc. 9 (1865) 167. (Non

Schwaeg.)

Hedeoma Pers. sect. Mosla Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832-36)

366.

Annual herbs, aromatic. Leaves opposite, petiolate. False whorls

2-flowered, secund, in terminal or axillary raceme-like inflore-

scence; bracts minute or the lower ones large and leafy. Calyx

campanulate, 10-nerved, often gibbous at the base, subequally

S-toothed and 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed (in Malesian species),

120 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

shorter; lower lip 2-toothed, generally slightly longer; throat of

calyx pubescent. Corolla exserted; lips short, the upper lip notched,

the lower 3-fid. Stamens 4, only the upper pair perfect; anthers

2-loculated, the locules divaricate; the lower pair abortive, present

or absent. Disk glandular, produced in the front. Style deeply

bifid. Nutlets globose, reticulate (in Malesian species).

Species about 10, throughout S. E. Asia; 2 species in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Leaves rhomboid to ovate, 1-2 by 0.5—1 cm; upper lip of calyx

shallowly 3-toothed, the teeth deltoid. 1. M. dianthera

A. Leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, 2—2.5 by 0.8-1 cm: upper lip of

calyx deeply 3-toothed, the teeth lanceolate. 2. M. formosana

Orthodon Benth. ex Oliver (1865) is a later homonym of

Orthodon Schwaeg. (1823), a moss genus. Therefore, Mosla Buch.-

Hamilton, though only validly published by Maximowicz in 1875,

is still the legitimate name of the genus.

|. Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham.) Maxim. in Bull. Acad, Petersb.

20 (1875) 457; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 647: Brig. in E.

& P. Ffl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 326, f. 98 E.

Lycopus dianthera Buch.-Ham. in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. 1, 1 (1820)

145.

Mosla ocimoides Buch.-Ham. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.

1 (1830) 66; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, (1940) 101.

Cunila nepalensis Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. (1825) 107.

Hedeoma nepalensis (Don) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834)

366, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 244.

Erect aromatic herb, 30-100 cm high. Stems branched, sparsely

pubescent, often woody at the base. Leaves membranaceous,

rhomboid or ovate, 1-2 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, acute, the base

acute or cuneate; margins few-toothed: glabrous above, often

glandulate beneath; petioles 0.2-0.5 cm long, pubescent. Paniculate

inflorescence terminal, often profusely branched, 10-30 cm long,

the branches 4-15 cm long, lax-flowered:; bracts lanceolate, often

minute, 1-2 mm long, subtending the flowers. Calyx campanulate,

2—2.5 mm (in fruiting 4-5 mm) long; throat pubescent with a ring

of hairs; teeth deltoid, the lower two teeth longer than the upper

ones. Corolla 3—3.5 mm long, 2 fertile stamens slightly shorter than

the upper corolla-lobe; 2 staminodes generally absent. Nutlets

ellipsoid, | mm long, 0.7 mm broad, brown, reticulate.

Distribution: E. India, Burma, Indo-china to S. W. China, S.

Japan, Formosa and Malesia (Sumatra).

Ecology: In valleys or open places along trails; altitudes

1,000-1,250 m.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Habinsaran, Bartlett 7761] (L); Habinsaran, alt. 1,200—1,250

m, Lorzing 6522 (K, L); Asahan Valley, alt. 1,000 m, Lorzing 9979 (L):

Tapianoeli, Toba, Rahmat Si Boeea 9815 (L).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 121

Imm

Fig. 22. Mosla dianthera Mixim. (a-f) and M. formosana Maxim, (g-1).

a. diagram of portion of inflorescence; b. flower; c. bract; d

corolla expanded, showing 2 fertile stamens; e. fruiting calyx; f. nutlet;

g. calyx; h. bract; i. fruiting calyx and nutlet. (a-f, Loérzing w9979);

g i. Ramos and Edano 37803).

122 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

The Malesian plant differs from the typical form of the species

from India in the much smaller leaves (1-2 by 0.5—1 cm) and in the

completely disappearance of the anterior staminodes. In Indian

plant, the leaves are usually 1.5-3.5 cm long and 1-2 cm wide,

and the two anterior staminodes normally are present.

2. Mosla formosana Maxim. in Bull. Acad. St. Petersb. 20 (1875)

459: Merr. Enum. Philip. Fl. Pl. 3 (1925) 414.

Orthodon formosanum (Maxim.) Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag.

Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 79.

Mosla lysimachiiflora Hayata, Ic. Pl. Formos. 8 (1919) 104.

Orthodon lysimachiiflorus (Hay.) Masam. in Trans. Nat. Hist.

Soc. Formos. 22 (1932) 232.

Small erect herb, 20-100 cm high. Stems and branches grayish,

pubescent. Leaves thin membranaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate,

2-2.5 cm long, 0.8-1 cm wide, acute, the base cuneate or attenuate;

margins crenate-serrate or sharply serrate, glabrescent on both

surfaces; petioles 0.5-1 cm long. Flowers in terminal raceme-like

inflorescences on branches and branchlets, 3-4 cm long; bracts

lanceolate, slightly longer than the flowering buds, often gland-

dotted. Calyx campanulate, 1.5 mm (in fruiting, 4-5 mm) long,

hirsute on the nerves; teeth lanceolate, ciliate, the lower two teeth

slightly longer than the upper ones. Corolla 3-4 mm. long, not

annulate. Nutlets ovoid to nearly rounded, 0.8 mm long and wide,

brown, slightly flattened, reticulate.

Distribution: Formosa and Malesia (The Philippines).

Ecology: In open places along trials, and on forest edges,

altitudes 1,000-1,600 m.

Specimens examined :

Philippines: Bontoc, Mt. Polis, Ramos & Edano 37726 (BM); Bontoc,

Mt. Pukis, Ramos & Edano 37803 (BM, K, L).

23. NOSEMA PRAIN

Nosema Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 73 (1904) 20; Kudo in Mem.

Fac. Sc. & Agr. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 108.

Erect herbs, branched or not. Stems and branches slender,

pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate. False whorls many flowered,

forming terminal cylindric racemose inflorescence, continuous or

interrupted below; flowers small; bracts leafy below, gradually

diminishing in size upwards. Calyx obliquely ovoid (in fruit

tubular), 10-nerved, 2-lipped, the upper lip oblong, entire or very

inconspicuous, 3-lobed, the lower round, entire, much shorter than

the upper lip. Corolla short; throat inflated, abruptly constricted

towards the base; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip slightly shorter,

unequally 3-lobed, the median lobe often very broad; lower lip

oblong, entire, concave. Stamens 4, in two pairs, declinate; anther-

loculate confluent into 1-loculate; filaments pubescent, those of

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 123

the upper pair appendaged at the base. Nutlets ovoid, minute,

smooth; fruiting calyx-tube flattened cyclindric, transverse veins

connecting the longitudinal nerves though present, but inconspi-

cuous, not deeply pitted.

Over 6 species have been described from India to Thailand,

Indo-China, S. China (Xwangiune and | Higppan). The following 2

species occur in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Inflorescence 12-15 cm long; false whorls generally 0.5-1.5 cm

apart; upper corolla-lip very unequally 3-lobed; fruiting calyx

thick coriaceous, pitcher-shaped, inflated in the middle, 6.5—7

mm long. 1. N. clausa

A. Inflorescence 6-8 cm long; false whorls more or less continuous;

upper corolla-lip equally 3-lobed; fruiting calyx herbaceous,

tubular, not or only slightly inflated in the middle, 8-8.5 mm

long. 2. N. cochinchinense

1. Nosema clausa (Merr.) comb. nov.

Masona clausa Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912) 345, Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 420.

An erect unbranched herb, 20-30 cm high. Stems densely cover-

ed with villose hairs. Leaves chartaceous, oblong or narrowly

oblong, 4.5-6 cm long, 1-2 cm wide, acute or obtuse, the base

acute, velvet on both surfaces, lateral nerves 7-8 on each side;

petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, velvet. Spurious spike terminal, 12-15

cm long, interrupted; false whorls 12—20 flowered, about 1.5 cm

in diameter, 2—2.5 cm apart; bracts 2 subtending each whorl, ovate,

acuminate, 0.5-1.5 cm long, densely villous, the lowermost ones

almost foliaceous. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 2.5-3 mm long,

densely hairy, the upper lip lanceolate-oblong, obscurely 3-lobed;

the lower truncate-rounded. Corolla trumpet-shaped, 3.5-4 mm

long, inflated from middle above, and abruptly narrowed into

a small tube below; upper lip shortly 3-lobed, the mid-lobe much

larger than the 2 lateral ones; lower lip entire, concave. Stamens

in 2 pairs, the upper pair pubescent and appendaged at the base.

Fruiting calyx thick coriaceous, pitcher-shaped, 7-8 mm long,

slightly inflated in the middle, the mouth nearly closed by the

lid-like lower lip. Nutlets ellipsoid, 1 mm long, smooth.

Type: Culion Island, the Philippines, Merril] 460 (K, Sing.

iso-type) Dec. 13, 1903.

Distribution: Malesia (The Philippines).

Habitats: In open, damp places at low altitudes.

Specimens examined :

Philippines: Culien Island, Merrill 460 (K, Sing. type), Ramos 41313

124 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

2cm

Fig. 23. Nosema clausa (Merr.) H. Keng (a-e) and N. cochinchinense

Merr. (f-h

a. diagram of the spicate inflorescence; b. flower; c. & d. fruiting

calyx in lateral and ventral views, and a nutlet; e. leaf; f. diagram of

inflorescence; g. leaf; h. fruiting calyx, in lateral view. (a-e. Merrill

460; f-h. Junghuhn 51).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 125

2. Nosema cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr. in Trans. Amer, Philios.

Soc. n.s. 24 (1935) 343; Wu in Act. Phytotax. 8 (1959) 62.

Dracocephalum cochinchinense Lour. Fl. Cochin. (1790) 371;

ed. Willd. (1793) 450.

Mesona prunelloides Hemsl. in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 26 (1890) 267.

Nosema prunelloides (Hems!.) C. B. Clarke ex Prain in J. As.

Soc. Beng. 73 (1904) 21.

Nosema capitatum (Hemsl.) C. B. Clarke ex Prain var. javanica

C. B. Clarke ex Prain in op. cit. 73 (1904) 21, in adnot.

An erect herb, about 30-50 cm high, sparingly branched. Stems

obscurely angled, densely covered with villous hairs. Leaves char-

taceous, oblong or narrowly oblong, 4-6 cm long, 1—1.5 cm wide,

both ends acute or obtuse, the margins crenulate, sparsely villous

on both surfaces; petioles 0.5—1(—2) cm long. Inflorescence terminal,

6-8 cm long; false whorls almost continuous; bracts subtending the

lowermost whorls similar to the foliage leaves but smaller, densely

villous. Calyx obliquely campanulate, 2.5-3 mm long, densely

hairy; upper lip shallowly 3-lobed; lower lip much shorter than the

upper, emarginate or notched in the middle, densely covered with

long hairs externally. Corolla campanulate, 3-4 mm long; upper

lip shortly 3-lobed, the lobes more or less equal in size; lower lip

oblong, entire, concave. Stamens in 2 pairs, the upper pair puberu-

lent and appendaged at the base. Fruiting calyx herbaceous, tubu-

lar, 8-8.5 mm long. Nutlets minute, about 1 mm long, smooth.

Distribution: Siam, Indo-China to S. China (Kwantung, Hainan)

and Malesia (Sumatra, Java).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Toba, C. D. Duwachond 83 (L, type of Achocephalus

sumatranus Backer in sched, unpublished).

Java: Junghuhn no. 13, no 14 (L), no. 8, no S51 (K, types of

Nosema capitatum var. javanicum Clarke ex Prain).

24. OCIMUM LINN.

Ocimum Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 833; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp.

(1832) 1 (as Ocymum), in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876)

1171: Briq. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 369; Furtado in

Gard. Bull. Str. Settl. 4 (1929) 416.

Becium Lindl. in Bot. Reg. (1842) misc. 43.

Herbs or undershrubs, strongly scented. Stems often much-

branched. Leaves opposite, petiolate. Flowers small; false whorls

6—10-flowered, forming racemose inflorescence, simple or branched;

pedicels recurved under the calyx; bracts minute, caducous. Calyx

ovoid or campanulate (in fruit deflexed), 2-lipped; upper lip large,

broad, flat (in fruit strongly reflexed), often decurrent on the tube;

lower lip usually with 4 narrow, pointed teeth. Corolla campanu-

late, not annulate within, 2-lipped: upper lip truncate, subequally

4-fid; lower lip declinate, flat, entire. Stamens 4, declinate, in 2

pairs, exserted; filaments free (in Malesian species) or the lower

126 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

pair connate below, naked or the upper pair toothed or hairy

below; anther-locules confluent. Disk entire or 2—4-lobed. Style

2-fid; branches subulate or flattened. Nutlets smooth or subrugose,

in some species mucilaginous when moistened.

Species over 100, throughout the tropics. 4 species in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Pedicels much shorter than calyx, the latter glabrous or hairy

within.

B. Calyx hairy within; 2 lower calyx teeth slightly longer than

the upper tooth; fruiting pedicels strongly recurved; herbs

or undershrubs.

C. Corolla 4-6 mm long; fruiting calyx 2.5-3 mm long,

hairy and setaceous. 1. O. americanum

C. Corolla 7.5-12 mm long; fruiting calyx 5-6 mm long,

often glabrous. 2. O. basilicum

_ B. Calyx glabrous within; lower calyx-teeth shorter than the

upper one; fruiting pedicels straight; shrubby.

3. O. gratissimum

A. Pedicels nearly as long as calyx, the latter glabrous within;

2 lower calyx-teeth longer than the upper tooth, soft hairy.

4. O. sanctum

1. Ocimum americanum Linn. Cent. Pl. 1 (1755) 15, Amoen.

Acad. 4 (1759) 276; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 640.

(non. Jacq. 1798).

Ocimum canum Sims, in Bot. Mag. 51 (1823) pl. 2452; Benth.

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 3, 707, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 32:

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 936;. Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4

(1885) 607; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. 2, 2 (1929) 113;

Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 17.

Ocimum africanum Lour. Fl. Cochinch. (1790) 370 (as

Ocymum); Merr. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 24, 2 (1935) 343.

Ocimum brachiatum Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 833. (as Ocymum).

Erect herb, 30-50 cm high, branched. Stems and branches striate,

pubescent or glabrescent. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic, 2.5-5 cm

long, 0.9-2.5 cm wide, acute, the base cuneate, the margins entire

or remotely crenulate, glabrous and glandular-dotted on both sur-

faces; petiole 1-2.5 cm long. False whorls in raceme-like inflore-

scence, terminal, simple or branched, 7-15 cm long; bracts elliptic-

lanceolate, 2~3(-5) mm long, acuminate, hairy; pedicels subsessile.

Calyx 2—2.5 mm (in fruit 44.5 mm) long, villous within, pubes-

cent with long, white hairs externally: uppermost tooth broad and

rounded, ciliate; lower teeth lanceolate-subulate. Corolla 5-6 mm

long, glabrescent or puberulous. Filaments exserted, slender, the

upper ones toothed above the base. Nutlets narrowly ellipsoid,

1.2 mm long, punctate, black.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae k27

Distribution: Tropical Africa, India, Ceylon to S. China, and

Malesia.

Ecology: In settled areas or in open waste places at low

altitudes. |

Vern. names: Kamangi, Theru Neetu Patchai (Malay Penin-

sula).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Sumatra, Korthals s.n. (L); Batoe Isls, Raap 575 (L);

Sumatra, Collector Unknown s.n. (L).

Malay Peninsula: Perak Temoh, Burkill & MHaniff 13510 (Sing.);

Kedah, Langkawi, Curtis 2492 (Sing.); Singapore, Hamilton s.n. 1926

(Sing.); Kuala Kangsar, Istana Garden, Haniff 14930 (Sing.); Perak,

Sungkai, Lima Blas Estate, Reed s.n. 1941 (Sing.).

Java: Java, Backer s.n. 1902 (L); Bantam, alt. 300 m, Backer 7406

(L); Batavia, Blume s.n. (L) (Type of Ocymum brachiatum Bl.) (several

collections); Tanjong Priok, Kuhl & Hasselt s.n. (L); Anjer, Collector

Unknown s.n. Aug. 1930 (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Rindjani, alt. 0-20 m, Elbert s.n.

April 1909 (L).

New Guinea: Papua, Veiya alt. sea level, Carr 11606 (L); Kaiser

Wilhelmsland, Weinlan 207 (L).

Type specimen of Blume’s Ocymum _ brachiatum has been

studied, it is identical with Ocimum americanum (= O. canum Sim.)

thus confirming Miquel’s (1859, p. 936) earlier suggestion that the

former is synonymous with the latter.

2. Ocimum basilicum Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 833; Benth. Lab. Gen.

& Sp. (1832) 4, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 32 (incl. var. glabratum)

Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 937; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885)

608; Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 702; Merr. Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 421; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 643; Kudo,

Mem. Fac. Sc. Agr. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 113; Back. & Bakh.

f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 639.

Ocimum americanum (non Linn.) Blanco, FI. Filip. (1837) 480,

ed. 2 (1845): 335,

Ocimum citriodorum Blanco, FI. Filip. ed. 2 (1845) 591.

An erect branching herb, 0.5-1 m high. Stem and branches

glabrous or hispidly hairy when young. Leaves membranaceous,

ovate or elliptic-ovate, 3-5 cm long, 1.2—2 cm wide, acute, the base

cuneate, entire, the margins elsewhere entire or few-toothed,

glabrescent or hairy; petioles 1-2 cm long. False whorls many-

flowered, in simple or branched racemes, 10-15 (or more) cm long;

bracts lanceolate-ovate, 2-3 mm long; pedicels very short. Calyx

2-3 mm (in fruit 5-6 mm) long; upper lip suborbicular; lower lip

with central pair of teeth longer than the upper lip, sharply pointed.

Corolla 7-12 mm long, glabrous or hispidous. Filaments exserted:

the upper ones with a tooth above the base. Nutlets ellipsoid, 1.5

mm long, pitted.

Distribution: Throughout the Old Tropics.

Ecology: In settled areas or in open waste places at low and

medium altitudes, also commonly cultivated.

128 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

Vern. names: Kemangi, Selasih (Java); Roedang, Koelasa

Koling, Roedangna lopak, Selang-bano, Roedangna birong (Suma-

tra); Selasih (Malay Peninsula); Bawingsulug, Glontud, Sag bu,

solasi (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Simaloer, Achmad 309 (L); Gajo & Alas Lands, Daalen

217 (L); Sumatra, Korthals s.n. (L); Palembang, Praetorius 28 (L); Kota

Pinang, Laboeban Batoe, Rahmat Si Toroes 3654 (L); Asahan, Rahmat

alias Bidin 6 & 74 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Perak, Ipoh, Allen 4792 (Sing.); Penang, Lanyong

Tokong, Curtis 2492 (Sing.); Pahang, P. Tiomon, Telok Paya, Henderson

18428 (Sing.); Perak, Irik Estate. Milsum s.n. 1929 (Sing.); Tampin, alt.

1 m, Monod de Froideville 664 (L); Perak, Sungkai, Reed s.n. 1914 (Sing.):

Pahang, Kuala Taulelin, Ridley s.n. 1891 (Sing.): Singapore, P. Ayer

Merbau, Kampong Ayer Merbau, Sinclair s.n. Aug. 1949 (L); Johore, Kota

Tinggi, Teruya 334 (Sing.); Penang, Wallich s.n. 1829 (K) (Type of

Ocimum basilicum var. glabratum Benth.).

Java: Java, Backer s.n. 1902 (L); Kendal, alt. 5 m, Backer 16468 (L):

Madoera, Sampang, alt. 50 m, Backer 196/0 (L); Madoera, Rapa, alt.

125 m, Backer 20091 (L); Madoera, Tamberyoe, alt. 10 m, Backer 20547

(L); Besoeki, Backer 36567 (L); Bawean, G. Malang, Buwalda 2983 (L);

Soerabaja, alt..10 m, Dorgelo 1648 (L); Bogor, Hallier d 297 (L); G.

Ungarang, alt. 1,000-1,600 m, Junghuhn 7 (L); Besoeki, Poeger Watangan.

alt. 5 m, Koorders 21539B (L); Ngarengan, Koorders 27454B (L); Tanjong

Priok, Kuhl & Hasselt s.n. (L); Batavia, Kampong Nangrang, Schiffner

2488 (L); Java, Waitz s.n. (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, Zippelius s.n. (L).

Borneo: N. Borneo, Pembliangan, Amdjah s.n. (L).

Philippines: Mindoro, Yagaw, Conklin 973 (L): Luzon, Laguna,

Elmer 8067 (K); Zamboanga, alt. 300 & 500 m, Frake 530 & 562 (L);

Luzon, Rizal Antipolo, Merrill Sp. Blanco 437 (K, L); Luzon, Camarines,

Ramos 1541 (L); Mindanao, Santa Maria, Reillo 16459 (K); Mindanao,

Davao, Santa Cruz, Williams 2709 (K).

Celebes: Menado, Paloe, alt. 5 m, Eyma 1747 (L); Menado, Koorders

19760B (L).

Moluccas: Ceram, Kp. Kiandarat, alt. few m, Buwalda 5971 (L);

Ceram, Forsten s.n. (L) (several collections); Halmahera, Jdjan & Mochtar

280 (L); Halmahera, Pleyte 73 (1178) (L).

New Guinea: Papua, Maclatchie Point, Brass 1187 (K); Papua between

S. Coast & Owen Stanley Range, Burke 358 (K); Waga Waga, Daniels

Ethnographial Exp. 6926 (K); NE. New Guinea, Lewandowsky 50 (L).

Recently Morton [in J. Linn. Soc. (Bot.) 58 (1962) 232] pointed

out that Ocimum americanum (= O. canum Sims) and O. basilicum

Linn. differ but little from one another except in size though the

former is more hairy. These differences in size are associated, as

revealed, with chromosome number: West African material of

O. americanum having 2n=24 and of O. basilicum, 2n=48.

3. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 832 (as Ocymum):

enth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 34: Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1858)

928: Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 608; Prain in J. As. Soc.

Beng. 75, 2 (1907) 702; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 644; Back.

& Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 639.

A perennial herb or shrubby, 1-2 m high, woody at the base.

Stems and branches glabrous, pubescent when young. Leaves

membranaceous, elliptic-lanceolate, 5-10 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm

wide, acute, the base cuneate, entire: margins elsewhere coarsely

crenate-serrate, puberulent or pubescent; petioles 2-4.5 cm long,

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 129

slender, pubescent. False whorls in simple or branched racemes,

10-15 cm long, the rachis softly pubescent; bracts sessile, ovate,

acuminate; pedicels very short. Calyx 1.5—2 mm (in fruit 3-4 mm)

long; upper lip rounded and recurved; lower lip with central pair

of teeth minute and much shorter than the upper lip. Corolla 3.54

mm long, pubescent externally. Filaments distinctly exserted;

upper pair with a bearded tooth at the base. Nutlets subglobose,

1.5 mm long, rugose.

Distribution: Pantropical.

Ecology: In open waste places or in the settled area at low

altitudes.

Vern. names: Selasi, Boekoe-roekoe, rimbo, Selasih (Java); Nai

Thoolasi (Malay Peninsula).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Pajakumbuh, alt. 550 m, Meijer 7143 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Perak, Sungei Siput, Haniff 6923 (K, Sing.); Perak,

Bidor Estate, Reed 8 (Sing.).

Java: Batavia, Backer s.n. Sept. 1903 (L); Pekalonggan, Pemalang,

alt. 2 m, Backer 15632 (L); Bangka, Berkhout s.n. Aug. 1886 (L); Batavia,

Depok, Alt. 90 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 1375 (L); Tandjong Priok,

Buitendijk s.n. 1914 (L); Banka, Poeloe Nangka, alt. 3 m, Biinnemeijer

2073 (L); Bogor, Hallier D 298 (L); Batavia, alt. 150 m, Koorders 31408B

(L) (“Selasih”); Bandoeng, alt. 750 m, Popta 743/212 (L); Bogor,

Seogandiredjo 236 (L); Batavia, Vorderman s.n. Aug. 1893 (L).

New Guinea: New Britain, alt. 1-3 m, Peekel 12 (L).

4. Ocimum sanctum Linn, Mant. | (1767) 85; Benth. Lab. Gen. &

Sp. (1832) 11, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 38; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

2 (1858) 939; Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 609; Prain in J.

As. Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 699; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923)

422; Rid!. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 643; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc.

Ag. Tathoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 114; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv.

Ind. 14, i (1940) 19; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 639.

An erect, much branched herb, 30-60 cm high, often woody at

the base. Stems and branches soft hairy. Leaves membranaceous,

elliptic-oblong or elliptic, 3-6 cm long, 1—2.5 cm wide, obtuse or

acute, the base cuneate or attenuate, entire; margins elsewhere

entire or remotely serrate; pubescent on both surfaces, especially

on the nerves underneath. False whorls in slender raceme or

panicles, 8-10 cm long; bracts ovate, acuminate, 2-3 mm long,

ciliate; pedicels 3—4.5 mm long, pubescent. Calyx 2.5 mm (in fruit

3—-3.5 mm) long; upper lip suborbicular, reflexed, shortly apiculate;

lower lip longer than the upper, the teeth 4, lanceolate. Corolla

3.5-4 mm long. Filaments exserted, slender, the upper ones with a

small bearded basal appendage. Nutlets minute, broadly ellipsoid,

1.2 mm long, smooth.

Distribution: Pantropic.

Ecology: A weed, commonly found in waste places or in settled

areas.

130 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

; }

Fig. 24. Ocimum sanctum Linn.

a. flower; b. stamen (from bud); c. ovary and nectary disc; d.

corolla expanded; e. calyx expanded; f. fruiting calyx; g. nutlet (fresh

material).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 131

Vern. names: Roedang tampoea, Kemangi, Selasih poetih

(Sumatra); Lampes, Soerawoeng (Java); Oku, Ruku-ruku, Thulasi,

Salassay (Malay Peninsula); Kemangen (Celebes); Sagbu, Hanumo,

Colo-cogo, Samirig hau (Philippines); Bengh, Sulasi (Borneo).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Simaloer, Achmad 305 (L); Asahan, Bartlett & Rue 403

& 404 (L); Banka, Bontja, alt. 100 m, Biinnemeijer 2251 (L); G. Merapi,

alt. 900 m, Biinnemeijer 4815 (L); Alaslanden, Daalen 472 (L); Enggano,

Malakoni, Liitjeharms 4922 (L); Alaslanden, Pringo Atmodjo 472 (L);

Kota Puiang, Rahmat Si Toroes 3653 (L), Asahan, Tates 2559 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Malacca, Alvins s.n. (Sing.); Johore, Pulau Tinggi,

Burkill s.n. 1915 (Sing.); Port Swettenham, Burkill 2700 (Sing.); Kedah,

Langkawi, Curtis 2126 (Sing.) Singapore, Pulau Ubin, Furtado 18622 (Sing.);

Sinapore, Hullett 374 (Sing.); Penang. Lobb 298 (K.); Prov. Wellesley,

Prai, Nur 6226 (Sing.); Selangor, Tanjong Karang, Nur 34186 (Sing.);

Pahang, Pekan, Ridley 167 (Sing.); Prov. Wellesley, Pagas Tras, Ridley

7168 (Sing.); Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Ridley 10214 (Sing.); Pahang,

Kuala Tahan, Seimund 83] (Sing.); Singapore, Tandjong Teritip, Sinclair

s.n. Aug. 1950 (L); Kedah, Ichong Estate, Spare 3846 (Sing.); Perak,

Matang, Wray 5588 (Sing.).

Java: Soerakarta, alt. 150 m, Backer 6421 (L); Kediri, alt. 75 m,

Backer 11280 (L); Tegal alt. 50-100 m, Backer 15367 (L); Pekalongan,

alt. 5 m, Backer 15656 (L); Kendal alt. 1-2 m, Backer 16372 (L);

Tjitjoeroeg, alt. 200 m, Backer 17321 (L); Madoera, Bangkalan, alt. 5 m,

Backer 19111 (L); Madoera, Ketapang, alt. 100 m, Backer 19943 (L);

Batavia, Bantamtijn, alt. 80 m, Backer 24013 (L); Depok, alt. 90 m,

Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 1753 (L); Poerwakarta, alt. 85 m, Bakhuizen

v/d Brink Sr. 4883 (L); Bantam, Blume s.n. (L); Java, Blume s.n. (L)

(several collections); Soerabaja, alt. 15 m, Dorgelo 362 (L); Buitenzorg,

Hallier 278 a & b (L); Bogor, Hallier D 299 b (L); Batavia, Hallier s.n.

Aug. 1896 (L); Batavia, Hasselt s.n. (L); Semarang, Koedoes, alt. 15-20 m,

Houwing 791 (L); Tjilatjap, Junghuhn 587 (L); Banjoemas, Noesamangir,

Kievits & Kooper Banj. 15 (L); Banjoemas, Serajoe, Kievits & Kooper

Banj. 23 (L); Banjoemas alt. 20 m, Kievits Banj. 129 (L); Banjoemas,

Kievits Banj. 2553 (L); Wonoredjo, Kooper 542 (L); Besoeki, Poeger-

Watangan, Koorders 21538B (L); Madioen, alt. 70 m, Koorders 23367B

(L); Semarang, Koorders 24509B (L); Karanganjer, Koorders 26206B (L);

Pekalongan, Koorders 27453B (L); Bogor, Korthals s.n. (L); Batavia,

Proik, Raap 387 (L); Batavia, alt. 100 m, Steenis 5303 (L); Batavia,

Vorderman s.n. (L); Java, Waitz s.n. (L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Tenimber Isl., alt. few m, Buwalda 4051 (L);

Lombok, Rindjani, alt. 125-225 m, Elbert 729 (L); Sumbawa, Bima, 0-200

m, Elbert 3973 (L); Soemba, Kindara, Iboet 159 (L); Flores, Reo, alt.

20 m, Posthumus 3420 (L); Timor Zippelius s.n. (L) (several collections).

Borneo: North Borneo, Keningan, alt. 410 m, Keith 1611 (L); North

Borneo, Pababag Isl., alt. 7 m, Keith 7394 (L); Borneo, Bandjarmasin,

Collector Unknown s.n. (L).

Philippines: Mindoro, Boliran. Celestino & Castro 1965 (L); Mindoro,

Mt. Yagaw, alt. 400 m, Conklin 35952 (L); Mindoro, Mt. Yagaw, alt. 300

& 700 m, Conklin 37608 & 37857 (L); Palawan, Baraki, Fox 13442 (L);

Cagayan Sulu, Kondo & Edano 39023 (L); Luzon, Pangasinan, Umingan,

Merrill sp. Blanco 400 (L); Luzon, Ramos 7598 (L); Basilan, Reillo 15443

(L); Iloilo, Soriano 16465 (L).

Celebes: Muna, Raha, alt. 0-125 m, Elbert 2863 (L); Manado, alt.

5 m, Eyma 1748 (L); Minahassa, alt. 0 & 10 m, Koorders 17384B & 17388B

(L); Lake Tempe, Weber s.n. (L).

Moluccas: Ceram, Vriese s.n. 1859-60 (L); Banda, Collector Unknown

s.n. (L).

New Guinea: Oeta, Aendoea River, alt. 3 m, Aet 525 (L); S. New

Guinea, Goboki forest, Oleabi, Branderhorst 50 (L); Aroe Isls., P.

KobroGr, alt. few m, Buwalda 4976 (L); Papua, Veiya, alt. sea level,

Carr 11605 (L); Merauke, Koch s.n. 1904-05 (L); New Guinea, Zippelius

s.n. (L).

132 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

25. ORTHOSIPHON BENTH.

Orthosiphon Benth. in Bot. Reg. 13 (1829) t. 1300, in Benth. &

Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1174; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a

(1897) 372; v.d. Sleesen in Reinwardtia 5 (1959) 37.

Clerodendranthus Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Agr. Taihoku Un.

2, 2.(1929) 117.

Herbs or subshrubs. Leaves opposite, serrate or crenulate. False

whorls 4—6-flowers, arranged in terminal, racemose inflorescence.

Calyx tubular campanulate (in fruit deflexed), 2-lipped; upper lip

broad, membranaceous, often recurved: lower lip 4-toothed, the

lateral teeth oblong, aristate, the central teeth subulate. Corolla-

tube slender, the limb 2-lipped; upper lip 3-4-lobed; lower lip

entire, concave. Stamens 4, declinate, included or long-exserted;

filaments free, not appendaged at base; anther-locules confluent.

Disk 4-lobed, produced anteriorly. Style filiform, entire; stigma

capitate or clavate. Nutlets ovoid or globose, smooth.

Species about 40, in tropics of the Old World; 2 species in

Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Leaves often decurrent; stamens and style over 3 cm long,

exserted from corolla-tube. 1. O. aristatus

A. Leaves mostly not decurrent; stamens and style less than 1 cm

long, included in corolla tube. 2. O. thymiflorus

1. Orthosiphon aristatus (Bl.) Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 943;

Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 422; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv.

Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 26: v.d. Sleesen in Reinwardtia 5 (1959) 38:

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 640.

Ocimum aristatum Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 833.

Ocimum grandiflorum (non L’Heirt.) Bl. Bijdr. (1825) 835.

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 15,

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 29, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 52 (incl.

var. augusiifolia Benth.); Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 944;

Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1835) 615; Prain in J. As. Soc.

Bengal 72 (1907) 703: Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 645.

Clerodendranthus stamineus (Benth.) Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc.

& Agr. 2, 2 (1929) 117.

Orthosiphon spiralis (Lour.) Merr. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 24,

2 (1935) 344.

A slender, ascending herb, 30-60 cm high; stems 4-angled,

sparingly pubescent in young shoots. Leaves chartaceous or mem-

branaceous, ovate or rhombic, 3—9 cm long, 2-4.5 cm broad, acu-

minate, the base cuneate, entire: margins elsewhere coarsely ser-

rate, puberulous or pubescent on the nerves on both surfaces;

petioles 1-2(-4.5) cm long, puberulent. False whorls distantly

apart below, arranged in lax terminal racemes 10—15(—20) cm long;

bracts sessile, ovate, 1-2 mm long. Calyx curved campanulate,

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 133

| Smm

Fig. 25. Orthosiphon aristatus Miq.

a. flower; b. upper and lower lips of corolla; c. style-tip and stamen

(from bud); d. ovary and nectary disc; e. fruiting calyx; f. nutlet

(fresh material).

134 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

2.5-4.5 mm (in fruit 6.5-10 mm) long, puberulous on the nerves,

gland-dotted or warted externally. Corolla 10-16(—20) mm long;

tube slender 10-12 mm long, straight; upper lip shallowly 4-lobed,

recurved; lower lip straight, concave. Filaments glabrous, filiform,

coiled in bud, projecting about 20 mm beyond corolla-throat.

Style 50-60 mm long, the tip enlarged, club-shaped, very briefly

2-fid; the branches clasped. Nutlets broadly oblong, compressed,

1.5 mm long, rugose.

Type specimens: Batavia, Java, Blume s.n. (no. 10917), (L)

(Type of Ocimum aristatum B1.).

Distribution: Throughout southeastern Asia to tropical Aus-

tralia.

Habitat: In thickets at low and medium altitudes, often culti-

vated as an ornamental or medicinal plant.

Vern. names: Giri giri mareh, Koemis Koetjing (Sumatra);

Dacen remoerjoeng (Java); Tjikupi-tijkupi, mangkat kwabon

(N., Guinea). °

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Simaleor Island, Achmad 818 (L); Moeara, Boerlage 223

(L); Sumatra, Korthals s.n. (L); Sibolangit, alt. S00 m, Lorzing 7255 (L);

Sumatra, Liitjeharms 5032 (L); Djambi, alt. 30 m, Posthumus 1026 (L);

Djambi, Rutten-Kooistra 72 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Kedah, Langkawi, Dayang Bunting, Alphonso &

Samsuri A 91 (Sing.) (limestone rocks); Langkawi, Curtis 2577 (Sing.)

Kelantan, Kuala Pertang, Haniff & Nur 10375 (Sing.); Langkawi, Henderson

29092 (Sing.); Pahang, Holttum 24683 (Sing.); Perak, King’s Collector

8813 (Sing.); Perak, Reed 3 (Sing.).

Java: Bandjar, Backer s.n. Dec. 1910 (L); Rembang, alt. 150 m,

Backer 6596 (L); Madjenang, alt. 40 m, Backer 18463 (L); Madoera,

Djelgong, alt. 100 m, Backer 20050 (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 200 m, Bakhuizen

v/d Brink 6343 (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 250 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink Jr. 926

(L); Rembang, Beumee 803 (L); Bultenzorg, Boerlage s.n. (L); Java,

Blume 933 (L) (several collections); Batavia, Blume s.n. No. 1091 (L)

(Type of Ocimum aristatum Bl.); Bantam, alt. 125 m, Buwalda 2843 (L);

Madioen, alt. 400-900 m, Elbert 483 (L); Buitenzorg, Hallier 279 a, b,

& c (L); Buitenzorg, Harreveld 5732 & 7367 (L); Djapara, Koorders

35054 (L); Bantam, G. Kantjana, Koorders 41718 (L); Tjikampek, Karsten

39 (L); Java, Korthals s.n. (L); Buitenzorg, alt. 240 m, Ooststroom 13896

(L); Java, Perrottet 29 (L); Buitenzorg, Raap 35] (L); Buitenzorg, alt.

200 m, Schiffner 2496 (L); Bogor, Teysmann s.n. (L); Java, Zippelius s.n.

(L):

Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumbawa, Colfs 236 (L); Sumbawa, Bima,

alt. 200-375 m, Elbert 3692 (L); Sumbawa, Bima, alt. 300-450 m, Elbert

3700 (L); Sumbawa, Dompu, alt. 40-100 m, Elbert 3963 (L); Sumbawa,

alt. 500 m, Kostermans 18683 (L); Flores, alt. 20 m, Posthumus 2377 (L):

Timor, Spanoghe 50 (L); Sumbawa, Dompu, Voogd 1909 (L).

Borneo: Bandjermasing, Korthals 20 (L) (several collections); Poeloe

Lampei, Korthals s.n. Nov. 1836 (L); Doesoen, Korthals s.n. (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 734 (K) (Type of Orthosiphon stamineus

var. angustifolius Benth.).

New Guinea: N. Guinea, Alasrip 143 (L); Papau, Méisima _Isl.,

alt. 20 m, Brass 27621 (L); Papau, Woodlark Isl., alt. 100 m, Brass 28829

(L); Papua, Cheesman 96 (K, L); Papau, Morobe, Fryar 3983 (L); Papua,

Milne Bay, alt. 10 m, Hoogland 4745 (L); Kaisah, alt. 10 m, Wentholt 43

(L); Kaliki, alt. 5 m, Wentholt 239 (L).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 135

2. Orthosiphon thymiflorus (Roth) v.d. Sleesen in Reinwardtia

5 (1959) 42; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 640.

Ocimum thymiflorum Roth, Nov. Pl. Sp. (1821) 269.

Ocimum viscosum Roth, l.c. 274.

Ocimum tomentosus (non De Wildem) Benth. in Wall. Pl. As.

Rar. 2 (1831) 14, Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 27, in DC. Prodr. 12°

(1848) 51.

Ocimum glabratus Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 14, Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1832) 28, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 50; Migq. FI.

Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 942; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14

(1940) 23.

Orthosiphon viscosus Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 14,

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 27, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 50;

Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14 (1940) 23.

Orthesiphon petiolaris Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1858) 943.

Erect or ascending herb, 30-50 cm high. Stems often gladulate-

pubescent. Leaves ovate or broadly ovate, 3-4.5(-7) cm long,

2.5—3(—4.5) cm wide, obtuse or subacute, the base rounded or

truncate, entire; margins elsewhere crenate or wavy, glabrescent

above, viscous and glandulate-punctate below; petioles 1-2.5(—5)

cm long, pubescent. False whorls 5—6-flowered; racemose inflore-

scence terminal, 5—8(—12) cm long; bracts ovate, acuminate, 2-5

mm long; pedicels 2-3 mm long, shortly pubescent. Calyx tubular,

4-5 mm (in fruit 7-8 mm) long, puberulous externally. Corolla

11-14 mm long, the tube slightly incurved, puberulous. Stamens

included. Style 9-10 mm long. Nutlets subglobose, compressed,

minutely glandulate.

Distribution: India, Ceylon, Indo-China to Malesia.

Specimens examined:

Java: Horsfield Lab. 23 (U 69547 A, type of Orthosiphon petiolatus

Miq., duplicate, K).

Malay Peninsula: Kuala Tekam, Pahang Evans s.n. (K); Kota Bahru,

Kelantan, Ridley s.n. (K).

26. PARAPHLOMIS PRAIN.

Paraphlomis Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9 (1901) 60, in obs.,

in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 791; Rid]. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923)

651; Kudo, in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 209.

Herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite, membranaceous, long-petio-

late. Flowers medium-sized, in dense axillary, many-flowered false-

whorls, often forming globose clusters; bracteoles numerous,

filiform. Calyx 10-nerved, more or less equally 5-toothed, the teeth

deciduous or persistent; tube slightly incurved. Corolla-tube

pubescent externally, glabrous and annulate within; upper lip

erect; lower lip spreading, 3-lobed. Stamens 4, ascending under

136 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

upper lip, the lower pair longer; all filaments without basal appen-

dages; anthers connivent, the 2 locules divaricate; filaments glab-

rous. Disk uniform, entire. Style 2-fid, the lobes subequal or the

upper one shorter. Nutlets obovoid, triquetrous below, rounded

above and on the dorsal surface, glabrous; pericarp thick, more

or less coriaceous.

Species 6 or more, Eastern Himalayas to S. China, Formosa;

2 in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. False whorls only sparingly hirsute; corolla 2—2.5 cm long:

fruiting calyx glabrous, the teeth often broken off.

1. P. javanica

A. False whorls densely covered with long woolly hairs, golden

yellow in colour; corolla 1.5—2 cm long; fruiting calyx hirsute

or woolly pubescent, the teeth persistent. 2. P. oblongifolia

1. Paraphlomis javanica (Bl.) Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9

(1901) 59, in obs; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 619.

Leonurus javanicus Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 828; Benth. Lab. Gen. &

Sp. (1834) 522.

Phlomis javanica (Bl.) Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891)

231, 9 (1901) 59.

Phlomis rugosa Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 1 (1830) 63, Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1834) 634, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 545: Hook. f.

Fl. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 693; Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc.

3 (1891) 231, in Nota; Stapf. in Trans. Linn. Soc. London

4 (2) (1894) 216.

Paraphlomis rugosa (Benth.) Prain in Ann. Bot. Gard. Calc.

9 (1901) 60, pl. 74, in nota. in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 721;

Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 412; Rid]. Fl. Mal. Pen.

2 (1923) 651; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sci. & Ag. Taihoku Un. 2,

2 (1929) 209.

Gomphestemma petiolare Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 987. syn.

nov.

Gomphostemma membranaifolium Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 988.

Gomphostemma luzonense Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 1 (1908) 339.

Lamium gesnerioides Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8 (1918) 92.

Lamium longepetiolata Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formos. 8 (1918) 92.

Gomphostemma sumatrense Ridl. in J. Mal. Br. R. As. Soc.

1 (1923) 85. Syn. nov.

Paraphlomis brevidens Merr. in Pap. Mich. Acad. Sc. 1933,

(1934) 193. Syn. nov.

A subshrub, 1—-1.5 m high. Stems stout or slender, minutely

hirsute. Leaves thin membranaceous, elliptic, oblong-ovate or

oblong-lanceolate, 15-30 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, acuminate or

caudate, the base cuneate or truncate or rounded, entire; margins

~ weeatan,

’

137

Keng — Malesian Labiatae

3mm

Fig.

(a-g) and P. oblongifolia Prain

26. Paraphlomis javanica Prain

(h & i).

a. flower; b. half corolla (upper portion); c. stamen; d. fruiting

calyx; e. nutlet (in lateral and ventral views) f. section of nutlet;

g. embryo; h. fruiting calyx; i. section of nutlet. (a-c. Horsfield s.n.:

d-g. Clements 31629; h & i. Popta J517).

138 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

elsewhere irregularly crenate-serrate, glabrous or with minute

scattered hairs on the nerves on both surfaces. Flowers in small

distant false whorls, axillary; bracteoles filiform, glabrescent.

Calyx turbinate, 0.8-1.2 cm (in fruit about the same length, the

teeth often broken off) long; tube slightly curved, hispid below;

teeth 5, lanceolate, the base triangular, membranaceous. Corolla

2-2.5 cm long, the tube annulate within; both lips pubescent

externally, upper lip narrow, rounded at apex; lower lip 3-lobed,

the mid-lobe oblong, the lateral lobes lanceolate. Style branches

subequal. Nutlets obovoid, 6 mm long, 3—3.5 mm broad, acute and

triquetrous below, rounded above.

Type specimen: Java, Blume s.n. (lectotype of Leonurus

javanicus BL.) (Herb. Lugd. Bat. no. 904, 356-66) (L).

Distribution: Eastern Himalayas to Thailand, Indo-China, S.

China, Formosa and to Malesia (Sumatra, Malay Peninsula, Java,

Borneo and Philippines).

Ecology: In forests at medium altitudes.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Karo Plateau, Berastagi, Deleng Singkoet, Bartlett 8568 (L)

(Type of Paraphlomis brevifidens Merr.); Karo Plateau, Dolok Boros,

alt. 1,450-1,500 m, Loérzing 16169 (L); E. Coast, Asahan, slope of Dolok

Se Manoek-manoek, Rahmat Si Boeea 9772 (L); Berastagi, Ridley s.n.

Feb. 1912 (K) (Type of Gomphostemma sumatrense Ridl.).

Malay Peninsula: Perak, Anderson 112 (Sing.); Pahang, Cameron

Highlands, Batten-Pooll s.n. Nov. 1940 (Sing.); Perak, Natuloo, Curtis

2726 (K, Sing.) (fils. yellow); Perak, Haniff 14259 (Sing.); Cameron High-

lands, Henderson 23614 (Sing.); Selangor, Ginling Simpak, Hume 9057

(Sing.) Selangor, Ulu Gombak, alt. 600 m, Hume 9513 (Sing.); Perak,

King’s Collector 2372 (Sing.); Cameron Highlands, alt. 1,300 m, Nur

32876 (K, L, Sing.); Perak, Ridley 2892 (Sing.); Pahang; Telom, Ridley

13715 (BM, Sing.); Perak, Maxwell’s Hill, alt. 1,000 m, Scortechini 339

(Sing.).

Java: G. Salak, Blume s.n. (L) (lectotype, of Leonurus javanicus B1.);

Patjitan, Horsfield s.n. (K) (Type of Gomphostemma membranifolium

Miq.); Java, Koorders 3904] (L); Java, Korthals s.n. (L); Java, alt. 1,150

m, Mousset 620 (L); Reinwardt s.n. (L).

Borneo: N. Borneo, Ulu Ligqagu, Chew Corner & Stainton 2894 (K);

N. Borneo, Minitindok Gorge, Clemens 10465 (K) (fis. white; seed black);

N. Borneo, Kinabalu, Tenompok, alt. 1,800 m, Clemens 27897 (K):

Kinabalu, Dallas, alt. 1,000 m, J. & M. S. Clemens 29657 = 26317 (BM,

K, L) (fils. cream with dark purple inner parts); Kinabalu, Penibukan,

alt. 1,400 m, Clemens 30683, 31629 (BM, L) & 40300 (K, L) (fis. cream

with pink center).

Philippines: Philippines, Cuming 1876 (BM, K); Leyte, Ormoc, Lake

Danao, Edano 11920 (L, Sing.); Luzon, Tayabas, Elmer 7433 (K) (Type

of Gomphostemma luzonense Elm.); Philippines, Elmer 9176 (K), Rizal,

Loher 6583 (K); Luzon, Laguna, Mabesa 25379 (L, Sing.); Luzon, Rizal,

Ramos 992 (K); Rizal, Mt Ing, Ramos 41962 (L); Morong, Vidal 3488

(K).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 139

In examining the several type specimens of Blume’s Leonurus

javanicus, Leonurus oblongifolius and Prasium javanicum, some

obvious technical errors — the displacement of labels and speci-

mens — were noticed. This fact has been pointed out in the

annotated sheets made by Dr. A. G. L. Adelbert, (the author of the

family Labiatae, in Backer’s Bekn. Fl. Java (em. ed.) 14, 1954,

fam. 201). With the willing assistance of Prof. C. G. G. J. van

Stecnis, and Mr. J. H. Kern, we have carefully checked Blume’s

original description with the specimens he studied, and selected the

following specimens as lectotypes, respectively.

(1) Leonurus javanicus Bi. [or Paraphlomis javanica (Bl.) Prain]

E. Java, Blume. (Herb. Lugd. Bat. No. 904, 356-66).

(2) Leonurus oblongifolius Bl. [or Paraphlomis oblongifolia (Bl.)

Prain] Mt. Salak, Java, Blume (Herb. Lugd. Bat. No. 904,

356-65).

(3) Prasium javanicum BI. [or Gomphostemma javanicum (Bl.)

Benth.] Java, Blume (Herb. Lugd. Bat. No. 904, 354-154).

I fully agree with Dr. Adelbert (in Annotate sheet, Herb. Leiden)

in reducing Paraphlomis rugosa (Benth.) Prain as synonymous with

Paraphlomis javanica (Bl.) Prain.

J also consider Paraphlomis javanica (Bl.) Prain as a rather

variable species. In addition to the synonyms given by Prain,

Kudo (under P. rugosa Prain), I add here the following 3 bino-

mials to the list. (1) Gomphostemma petiolare Miq. which is a new

name intended to replace Leonurus javanicus BI. to avoid confusion

with Gomphostemma javanicum Benth. (2) Gomphostemma suma-

trense Ridl. of which the types specimen was collected from Beras-

tagi, Sumatra, by Ridley, which is indistinguishable from the

typical form of this species. (3) Paraphlomis brevidens Merr. which

differs from P. javanica (Bl.) Prain (as P. rugosa Prain) mainly in

its very short calyx teeth. I do not think they are specifically

different. Incidentally, nearly all the Borneo materials studied are

characterized by their shorter calyx-teeth.

2. Paraphlomis oblongifolia (Bl.) Prain in Ann, Bot. Gard. Calc.

9 (1901) 59, in nota.

Leonurus oblongifolius Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 828; Benth. Lab. Gen.

& Sp. (1834) 522, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 502.

Phlomis oblongifolia (Bl.) O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2 (1891) 529:

Prain in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. 3 (1891) 231, in nota,

9 (1901) 59, pl. 73.

Gomphostemma macrophyllum Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 988.

Shrubby, 1-2 m high. Stems and branches soft-woolly. Leaves

thin membranaceous, oblong ovate, 15-20 cm long, 6-8 cm wide,

acuminate or cordate, the base cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere

140 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

remotely toothed, springly hispid on the nerves on both surfaces:

petioles very slender, 5-8 cm long. Flowers in distant axillary

false-whorls, densely covered with long golden hairs; bracts fili-

form. Calyx obconic-campanulate, 1.2-1.3 cm (in fruit 1.2-1.4 cm)

Icng; tube slightly curved, hirsute; teeth subulate. Corolla 1.5—2

cm long, densely pubescent externally; upper lip narrow, the apex

truncate; lower lip with 3 subequal rounded lobes. Posterior style

branches much shorter than the anterior. Nutlets oblong, 7-8 mm

long, 3.5 mm broad, subtriquetrous, glabrous.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Sumatra, Java, and Celebes).

Type: Mt. Salak, Java, Blume s.n. (L), (lectotype of Leonurus

oblongifolius Bl. Herb. Lugd. Bat. No. 904, 356-65).

Ecology: In primary forest at medium altitudes.

Vern. names: Bubukuan bulu (Java).

Specimens examined :

Sumatra: G. Malintang, alt. 1,200 m, Biuinnemeyer 3742 (L); G. Marapi,

Biinnemeyer 4565 (L); Kota Agoeng, Cramer s.n. 1915 (L); Karo, Biang,

Lérzing 14420 (L) (fis. light yellow, corrolla 14 mm long, side-lobe ovate-

lanceolate; nutlets dark blue-green nearly back); Berastagi, Ridley s.n.

Feb. 1921 (K); Kabandjahe, Surbeck 30 (L); E. coast, Surbeck 358 (L).

Java: G. Gedeh, alt. 1,350 m, Backer 14975 (L); G. Gedeh, alt 1,400

m, Backer 22162 (L, Sing.); G. Salak, Blume s.n. (lectotype of Paraphlomis

oblongifolio (Bl.) Prain.); Tjibodas, Boerlage s.n. 1917 (K); G. Gede,

Burkill 8226 (fis. pale yellow; fr. bluish green); Tyjibodas, alt. 1,500 m,

Djamhari 107 (L); S. E. Java, Forbes 997 c (K); Tjibodas, Hallier 253

(K, L); G. Salak, 900-1,000 m, Hoochreutiner 179 (L); Java, Junghuhn

50 (K); Tjibodas, Koorders 31686 (L); Tjibodas, Lam 309 (L); Tjisaroea,

alt. 1,200 m, Ooststroom 12834 (L); Tjibodas, Ooststroom 13409 (L);

Tjibodas, alt. 1,500 m, Popta 1517 (L); Tjilatjap, Riviers s.n. 1920 (L); G.

Gedeh, Sapiin 465 (L).

Celebes: Celebes, Forsten s.n. (L).

As a result of the displacement of labels with the specimens,

Merrill (in Pap. Mich. Acad. Sc. 1933, 19 (1934) 194) was per-

plexed and erroneously reduced this species as synonymous with

Paraphlomis javanica Prain (as P. rugosa).

Miquel thought the plant formerly described by Blume as

Leonurus oblongifolius should be referred to the genus Gomphos-

temma. As he was aware that there was another plant, an entirely

different one from India, already described under the name Gom-

phostemma oblongum Benth., he therefore proposed a new binomial

Gomphostemma macrophyllum Mig. to replace Leonurus oblongi-

folius Bl.

The report of occurrence of this species in Celebes by Miquel

was based on a sterile specimen collected by Forsten around 1840.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 14]

27. PLECTRANTHUS L’HERIT. NOM. CONS.

Plectranthus L’Heérit., Stirp. Nov. (1788) 84, t. 47, 42, nom. cons.;

Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1175; Briq. in E.

& P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 352.

Germanea Lamk. Encyc. 2 (1788) 690.

Isodon Schrad. ex Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 40; Kudo in

Mem. Fac. Sci. & Agr. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 118.

Rabdosia Hassk. in Flora, 25 (1842) 2, Beibl.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite petiolate. Flowers

usually small, generally in 6—8-flowers cymes, forming axillary

spurious racemes or terminal panicles. Calyx 5-toothed, subequal

or 2-lipped, often accrescent in fruit. Corolla-tube exserted, long or

short, decurved or straight, sometimes having a spur or angle on

the upper side; limb, 2-lipped, the upper lip short, 3—4-fid, recurved,

the lower lip entire or notched, long boat-shaped. Stamens 4,

declinate; filaments free or adnate to the corolla-iube but free from

each other; anther-locules usually confluent. Disk usually produced

anteriorly, there nearly to fully as long as the ovary. Style briefly

- 2-fid. Nutlets orbicular or occasionally oblong or ovoaid, smooth,

granulate or punctate.

Species about 100, mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions

of Africa, Asia, Australia and the Pacific Islands. About 8 species

are found in Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Calyx (in flowering) equally or subequally 5-toothed, not form-

ing two lips; uppermost tooth as broad as or only slightly

broader than the other teeth.

B. Calyx (in flowering) less than 2 mm long; calyx-teeth

deltoid or nearly so.

C. Fruiting calyx 3.5-4.5 mm long; lower calyx-teeth (in

fruiting) acute; leaves ovate or rhomboid, the apex acute,

the base acute or rounded; upper leaves petiolate;

stamens included. _ 1. P. javanicus

C. Fruiting calyx 2.5—3.5 mm long; lower calyx-teeth obtuse

or rounded; leaves more or less deltoid, the apex

acuminate, long-caudate, the base truncate; upper leaves

sessile or amplexicaul; stamens long-exserted.

2. P. teysmannii

B. Calyx over 3-4 mm long; calyx teeth lanceolate or subulate.

C. Calyx obliquely gibbous at the base; corolla 6-8 mm

long, the corolla tube very short (about 1 mm long),

slender, not gibbous. 3. P. petraeus

C. Calyx straight, not gibbous at the base; corolla 10-12

mm long, the corolla tube 5-6 mm long, distinctly

gibbous above. 4. P. steenisii

142 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

A. Calyx unequally 5-toothed, 2-lipped; the uppermost tooth

generally much broader than the others.

B. Inflorescences paniculate, 20-30 cm long.

C. Flowers 5-10 in a false whorl; stamens all attached

near the throat of corolla, nearly equal. 5. P. apoensis

C. Flowers 20 or more in a false whorl; stamens inserted at

two different levels, 2 attached near the throat, 2 at the

base of corolla. 6. P. congestus

B. Inflorescences racemose, unbranched, or occasionally with

1 or 2 short branches at the base.

C. Racemose inflorescence 25-35 cm long; false whorls

8-12 flowered, congested; calyx densely woolly; the

uppermost calyx-lobe reflexed and decurrent in fruit.

7. P. parviflorus

C. Racemose inflorescence 8—10 (—12) cm long; false whorls

5—6 flowered, laxly disposed; calyx sparingly hirsute;

the uppermost calyx-lobe erect and not decurrent in

fruit. 8. P. klossii

1. Plectranthus javanicus (Bl.) Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 45,

in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 69; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1858) 946;

Koord. Exk. Fl. Jav. 3 (1912) 155; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java

2 (1965) 636.

Elsholtzia javanica Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 825.

Rabdosia javanica (Bl.) Hassk. in Flora, 25 (1842) 2.

Plectranthus intermedius Zoll. & Mor. in Mor. Syst. Verz. (1854)

55; Koord. Exk. Fl. Jav. 3 (1912) 154. syn nov.

Plectranthus benthamianus Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. (1858) 946; Koord.

Exk. Fl. Jav. (1912) 155. syn. nov.

Plectranthus diffusus Merr. Philip. J. Sc. 1 (1906) suppl. 235, 5

(1910) Bot. 382, Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 418. syn. nov.

Moschosma _ philippinense Elmer, Leafl. Phil. Bot. 10 (1939)

3809.

A herb or shrubby, 1.5-2.5 m high, much-branched. Stems and

branches angled, slender, pubescent. Leaves membranaceous, ovate

to oblong-ovate or rhomboid, 2-5 (—8) cm long, 1-2.5 (4.5) cm

wide, acuminate, the base acute or rounded, entire; margins else-

where prominently serrate; crisped hairy on both surfaces: petioles

0.5-1 cm long. Flowers in lax, lateral thyrse and forming large

compound terminal panicles, 20-30 (or more) cm long; the bracts

foliaceous, gradually reduced upwards. Calyx 1.5-2 mm (in fruit

4.5-5 mm) long, sparingly hirsute, subequally 5-toothed, the teeth

acute. Corolla 5-6 mm long, straight, the limb gibbous, 2-lipped.

Stamens free, the filaments pubescent below. Nutlets ovoid or

ellipsoid, about 1 mm long, glabrous, smooth.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 143

Type specimen: Java, Buitenzorg, Blume s.n. (L, lectotype and

duplicates of Elscholtzia javanica Bl. several collections).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia.

Ecology: In damp forest floors or in shaded ravines along

streams at medium low to altitudes (500—2,400 m).

Vern. names: Surawang langit (Java); Lateng ajam (Sumatra).

Specimens examined :

Sumatra: Karo Plateau, alt. 1,500 m, Lorzing 13658 (L); Korinchi,

alt. 1,500 m, Robinson & Kloss 63 (BM) (fis. violet).

Java: G. Tangkoeban, Backer s.n. Oct. 1903 (L); Garoet, Pangentjongan,

alt. 1,400 m, Backer s.n. 1909 (L); Pasoeroean, Tosari, alt. 1,700 m,

Backer 8352 (L); G. Boerangrang, alt. 900-1,000 m, Backer 14122 (L);

Diéng Plateau, alt. 2,000-2,100 m, Backer 21624 (L); Java, Backer &

Coert 409 (L); Besoeki, alt. 1,500- 1,600 m, Backer 37437 (L); Java,

Blume s.n. (L) (lectotype and duplicates of Elsholtzia javanica Bl.)

(several collections); Java, Boerlage s.n. (L) (several collections); G.

Papandajan, Boerlage s.n. (L); Garoet, Burck s.n. June 1891 (L); Preanger,

Denker 90 (L); Madioen, Lawoe, alt. 1,300-1,400 m, Elbert s.n. Oct.—

Nov. 1907 (L); Tjibodas, G. Puteri, alt. 1,700 m, Enoh 238 (L); Java,

Forbes 611 (BM, L); Pasoeroean, alt. 2,150 m, Gisius 18 (L); Telaga,

Warna, Hallier s.n. Feb. 1895 (L); G. Prahoe, Horsfield s.n. (K, U 69537

A) (Type of Plectranthus benthamianus Miq.); Java, Horsfield 20 (BM,

K); Java, Junghuhn 6 & 134 (L); Madioen, alt. 850 m, Koorders 23835

(K); Ngadisari, alt. 2,400 m, Koorders 37617 (K); Semarang, Koorders

27789 (K); Preanger, alt. 720 m, Koorders 43222 (K); Besoeki, alt. 2,100 m,

Koorders 43517 (K); Java, Korthals s.n. (L); Tosari, G. Bromo, Kreulen

145 (L); W. Java, Kuhl & Hasselt s.n. (L); Bandoeng, G. Windoe, Native

Collector 338 (L); Soerabaja, G. Andjasmoro, Radermacher s.n. Aug. 1930

(L); Idjen Plateau, Rent s.n. June 1927 (L); Java, Reinwardt s.n. (L);

Tjibodas, G. Gedeh, Sapiin 2069 (L); Pasir Kiamis, Schiffner s.n. 1893

(L); Tjibodas, G. Puteri, Soewarta 163 (L); Pasoeroean, G. Tengger,

alt. 2,000-2,300 m, Steenis 7235 (L); Besoeki, Jang Plateau, alt. 2,000 m,

Steenis 11039 (L); Java, Waitz s.n. (L); Papandajan, Went s.n. (L); Tosari,

Went s.n. (L); Tjibodas, Went s.n. (L); Java, Zollinger 1761 (G) (Type

of Plectranthus intenmedius Zoll. & Mor.)

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor Forbes 3888 (L); Sumbawa, alt. 500-700 m,

Kostermans 18636 (K, L); Lombok, Voogd 2098 (K).

Philippines: Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8406 (K, L); Benguet, Mt.

Libbung, Mendoza 40947 (K); Luzon, Lepanto, Mt. Data, Merrill 4554

(K) (Cotype of Plectranthus diffusus Merr.); Luzon, Benguet, Baguio,

Merrill 11654 (BM, K, L).

Type specimens of the following 3 species have been examined:

Plectranthus benthamianus Migq., Pl. intermedius Zoll. & Mor.,

Pl. diffusus Merr. Except in the first one which is based on a

Horsfield’s collection, the dimension of foliate leaves are much

larger (7-10 cm by 4.5-5 cm) than usual, no other conspicuous

differences can be found.

144 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

2. Plectranthus teysmanni Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1858) 954; Back. &

Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 636.

? Plectranthus zollingeri Brig. in Ann. Conserv. & Jard. Bot.

Geneve (1898) 234.

Erect herb or shrubby, 0.5-1.5 m high. Stems and branches

tetragonous, slender, pubescent. Leaves chartaceous, ovate or

elliptic-ovate, 2.5-5 cm long, 1.5—3.5 cm wide, acute or acuminate,

the base truncate or rounded, rarely acute, entire; margins else-

where serrate-dentate, puberulent above, densely glandulate-pube-

scent beneath; petioles 0.5-1 cm long. Flowers in lax cymes dis-

posed in lateral thyrses, and forming a large terminal panicle

12-15 (—20) cm long, 4-5 cm across. Calyx subcampanulate, 1.5—2

mm (in fruit 3.5-4 mm) long, densely glandulate-villous, 5-toothed,

the teeth blunt or rounded. Corolla 5-6 mm long, the tube straight.

Filaments long-exserted. Nutlets ovoid, 0.8—1 mm long.

Type: Jave,; op den Wilis in Madioen, Teysmann s.n. (U 37953,

37954).

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia.

Ecology: In shaded and damp places in or along the forest at

altitudes 1,000—2,600 m.

Vern. name: Slanghet (Java).

Specimens examined:

Java: G. Slamat, alt. 2,620 m, Backer 486 (L); G. Mahameroe, alt. 2,400

m, Backer 3734 (L); Idjen Plateau, G. Merapi, alt. 1,900-2,150 m, Backer

25295 (L); Garoet, Burck s.n. July 1891 (L); Java, Coert 816 (L); Tengger,

G. Djembangan, alt. 2,000-3,000 Coert 1508 (L); Semarang, Koorders

28049 (K, L); Besoeki, alt. 2,100 m, Koorders 43426 (K); Java, Mousset

476 (L); Preanger, Soegandiredja s.n. April 1909 (L); Madioen, Willis,

Teysmann s.n. (Type, U 37953, 37954).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Rindjani, alt. 1,500—1,570, 2,200—2,300

& 1,175-1,250 m, Elbert 1042, 1048 (L) & 1476 (K, L); Flores, alt. 1,000 m,

Jaag 1564 (L); Sumbawa, Kostermans 18257 (K).

Borneo: Mt. Kinabalu, alt. 1,600 m, Chew, Corner & Stainton 1276

(K, Sing) (fils. white).

Celebes: Lombasang, alt. 950 m, Biinnemeijer 10947 (L); Celebes,

Biinnemeijer 11034 (K); G. Bonthain, alt. 2,300 m, Biinnemeijer 11887

(K, L); Masamba, Kamboeno, alt. 2,200-2,600 m, Eyma 1329 (L): Lompo

Batang, alt. 1,800 m, Monod de Froideville 218 (L): Gowa, Lembaja.

alt. 1,600 m, Neth. Ind. For. Service s.n. May 1936 (L); Malino, alt.

1,000 m, Steenis 10389 (L).

A recent collection from Mt. Kinabalu, Sabah (Chew, Corner

& Stainton 1276) agrees with the typical form of the species in

general habit, in leaf and floral characters. However, it differs

from the latter in the shorter and narrower terminal thryse (about

8-9 cm long, 4-5 cm across), and in the calyx teeth being almost

rounded at the tips. This may represent a variety or form of the

species.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 145

Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr. (I.c. 636) suggested that

Plectranthus zollingeri Brig. (based on Zollinger no. 2215, from

Java) might be a synonym of PI. tezsmanni Miq.

3. Plectranthus petraeus Backer ex Adelb. in Reinwardtia 3 (1954)

152, f. 3.; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 636.

Shrubby, 1-1.5 m high, very fragrant. Stems and branches

slender, nearly terete. Leaves membranaceous, elliptic or ovate,

4-10 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, acute or obtuse, the base cuneate or

shallowly cordate, entire: margins elsewhere crenate-serrate;

petioles 1-3 cm long. Flowers in spurious spikes disposed in large

terminal panicles, 15-20 cm long; bracts rhomboid, sessile, 2.5 mm

long and broad; pedicels 2~3 mm long. Calyx campanulate, curved,

3-3.5 mm (in fruit 4-5 mm) long, 5-toothed, all subulate, densely

tomentose externally. Corolla 7-8 mm long, the tube very short,

the limb 2-lipped. Stamens included in the lower lip of corolla.

Nutlets rounded, flattened, about 1 mm across.

Type specimen: Java, Besuki, Idjen plateau, Backer 36387 (L),

July, 1917.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Java).

Ecology: Common on lava rocks, altitudes 1,100-1,450 m.

Specimens examined:

Java: Idjen Plateau, alt. 1,100 m, Backer 36387 (L) (holotype); Idjen

Plateau, alt. 1,450 m, Koorders 43207B (L) (Paratype); Idjen Plateau,

alt. 1,100 m, Steenis 12008 (L, K) (very common on lava rocks; 1—1.5 m,

high; very fragrant).

4, Plectranthus steenisii sp. nov.

Caule herbaceo erecto. Ramis dense villosis. Folia membrana-

cea, ovata vel spathulato-obovata, crenato-dentata; 5—9 cm longa,

46.5 cm lata, acuta vel rotundata, basi acuta vel acuminata,

integerrima; supra et subtus hirsuta, valde nervosa. Panicula

parce ramosa, 25-30 cm longa. Verticillastri laxi, 20-30 flori.

Pedicelli 2-4 mm longi, divaricati. Calyx campanulatus, 4 mm

longis. Corolla 10-12 mm longis; tubo recto, supra gibbo ad

medium; labiis superiore lobis quatuor, inferiore concavo. Stamina

libera ad basin labii inferioria inserta. Stylus breviter bifidus.

Achenia plano subrotunda, 1.2 mm longa et lata.

Type Specimen — Java: Res. Pasoerean, G. Ardjoeno, road

between Sawahan Bahal and Sawahan Ardjoeno, on stony slope,

alt. 2,650 m; dominant; leaves fragrant, flowers nice blue; van

Steenis 7111 (L, duplicate K), June 1935.

This species is manifestly different from other Malesian species

in the very long corolla which reaches a total length of 10-12 mm

and in the corolla-tube which is conspicuously gibbous in the

central portion above.

146

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

ee el

-——

— = = =e @ »

a7?

’ a

’ :

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Wim. i ha

ore ote ie Ee

| i ml Lie

€ Ps SOP ye

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Fig. 27. Plectranthus steenisii H. Keng.

a. flower; b. portion of corolla showing the gibbosity; c. ovary and

nectary disc; d. lower lip of corolla and stamens; f. fruiting calyx and

nutlet. (Steenis 7111)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 147

5. Plectranthus apoensis (Elmer) comb. nov.

Coleus apoensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 7 (1915) 2694; Merr.

Enum. Philip. (1923) 418.

Herb, 1-2 m high. Stems and branches erect and slender,

abscurely angulate, puberulent. Leaves more or less succulent,

deltoid ovate, 4-7.5 cm long, 5-6.5 cm broad, rounded, the base

truncate, entire; margins elsewhere irregularly crenate or double-

dentate; petioles 1.5-3 cm long, slender, hairy. Flowers 6-10 in a

false whorl, forming lax spicate inflorescences disposed in a large

terminal panicle, 20-25 cm long, 10-12 cm across; pedicels divari-

cate, 2 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 2.5 mm long, the upper tooth

broad and 3 veined, the lower 4 teeth sharply pointed. Corolla

6-7 mm long; tube slender, crooked at about the middle, slightly

gibbous near the base; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip recurved, the

lower lip concave, notched. Stamens 4, attached on the throat of

corolla, enclosed. Style shortly 2-fid.

Type: Philippines: Todaya (Mt. Apo), Davao, Minadanao,

Elmer 11601, (isotypes, BM, K, L), Sept. 1909.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (The Philippines).

Ecology: Associated with grasses in thickets on fertile soil,

along an open ridge at 1,000 m, altitude (Elmer).

Vernacular name: Calalapo-bulan (Philippines).

The four stamens of this plant are attached on the throat of the

ccrolla nearly at the same level. They do not, however, form a

filamental-tube as in Coleus, therefore I transfer it to the genus

Plectranthus. Incidentally, Elmer described this plant under Coleus

with uncertainty.

6. Plectranthus congestus R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 506; Benth. Lab.

Gen. & Sp. (1832) 36, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 66, Fl. Austral.

5 (1870) 79.

Tall herb, 1-1.5 m high. Stems and branches hoary-tomentose.

Leaves membranaceous, ovate or elliptic, 2-6 cm long, 1.5—-4 cm

wide, obtuse, the base cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere undulate-

crenate, tomentose on both surfaces; petioles 0.5—-1 cm _ long.

Flowers numerous (about 15-30) in dense clusters, forming false

spikes and disposed in terminal panicles 15 cm or more long, and

5-8 cm across; pedicels subsessile, 1-2 mm long. Calyx villous and

glandulate-dotted, 2 mm long (in fruit 2.5—-3 mm long), declinate,

5-toothed; the upper tooth broadly ovate, obtuse, not decurrent,

the lateral and the lower teeth subulate, acute, incurved. Corolla

6 mm long, declinate and slightly gibbous on the base of the upper

side below the middle. Stamens inserted at different levels, 2 near

the throat, 2 at the base of corolla. Nutlets rounded, flattened, sub-

triquetrous, 0.8 mm long and broad, glandulate-dotted.

Distribution: N. Australia and Malesia (New Guinea).

Ecology: in open places and thickets.

148 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

27a

i .

ZL Q > b

2mm

Fig. 27a. Diagrams of the inflorescences and sketches of the flowers of

Plectranthus (1).

a. P. opoensis; b. P. congestus; c. P. parviflorus; d. P. klossii; (a.

Elmer 11601; b. Brass 27602; c. Biinnenmeijer 8459; d. Brass 32392).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 149

Fig. 27b. Diagrams of the inflorescences and sketches of the flowers of

Plectranthus (2)

e. P. javanicus, f. P. teysmannii, g. P. petraeus, and h. P. steenisii.

(e. Horsfield Lab. 20; f. Zolf 218, g. Backer 36387, h. Steenis 7111).

150 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Specimens examined:

New Guinea: Papua, Brass 27602 (K, L); Womersley NGF 11010 (L)

(herb, stems rather woody, flowers pale blue, above Rouna Falls, 20 miles

from Port Moresby, C. Dist.).

7. Plectranthus parviflorus (zon R. Br.) Willd. Hort. Berol. 1

(1806) ¢. 65; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1832) 37, in DC. Prodr.

12 (1848) 67; Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 379.

Craniotome versicolor (non Reichb.) van Steenis in Bull. Jard.

Bot. Butg. HI, 13 (1934) 221.

Erect herb or shrubby, 0.3—1 m high. Stems and branches rather

fleshy, glabrescent to densely villous. Leaves thick or thin charta-

ceous, Ovate to sub-orbicular, 2—2.5 (—9) cm long, 0.5—1 (—S) cm

wide. broadly acute or rounded, the base rounded or subcordate,

often slightly oblique, entire; margins elsewhere crenate or remote-

ly crenulate, soft rugose or villous on both surfaces; petioles

0.5—1 (—3.5) cm long, woolly. Flowers 8-12 in dense clustered false

whorls, laxly ‘disposed in terminal and upper axillary racemes

15-30 (-35) cm long, simple or branched at the base; bracts cordate,

caducous. Calyx 1.2-1.5 mm (in fruit 2.5-3 mm) long, densely

villous and woolly, the upper tooth very broad, decurrent in fruit.

Nutlets very minute, ovoid, about 0.8 mm long.

Distribution: N. E. Australia and Malesia (Sumatra, Lesser

Sunda Isls., and New Guinea).

Ecology: Common on rocky steep slopes and limestone walls

and cliffs, very aromatic (v. Steenis). Altitudes 500—2,000 m.

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: G. Kerintji, C. Sumatra, alt. 1,200-2,100 m, Biinnenmeijer

8459, 8720 (Bo).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, Forbes 3888 (BM, L); Timor, Mt. Perdido,

alt. 800-1,200 m, Van Steenis 18243 (BM); Timor, alt. 500 m, Walsh

378 (BM).

New Guinea: Papua, Laloki River. Rona, Brass 3578 (BM): Papua,

Port Moresby, Wamersley 11010 (K).

Biinnemeijer 8459 & 8720 from Sumatra were formerly identified

as Craniotome vericolor Reichb. [or correctly Craniotome furcaia

(Link.) O. Kuntz.]. Although the foliage leaves are much larger

than those from Timor and New Guinea, their inflorescence and

detailed flower structures are indistinguishable.

8. Plectranthus klossii S. M. Moore (incl. var. major) in Trans.

Linn. Soc. London Bot. III ser. 9 (1916) 137 (Ridl. Bot. Wollast.

Exp.); Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 379.

Herb, 8-30 cm high, rarely branched. Stem covered with soft

hairs. Leaves membranaceous ovate to broadly ovate, varying

from 1—1.2 by 0.6-0.8 cm to 4.5-5.5 by 3.5—5 cm obtuse, the base

rounded or truncate, entire; margins elsewhere crenate; puberu-

lent on both surfaces. False whorls about 5-—6-flowers, laxly

disposed in terminal raceme-like inflorescence, 5—10 (—12) cm long,

rarely branched at the base, bracts subulate, very minute, less than

1 mm long; pedicels 4-5 mm long. Calyx 2.5 mm (in fruit 4-5

Keng — Malesian Labiatae I

mm) long, slightly oblique at the base; upper tooth broad, the

remaining teeth lanceolate-subulate. Corolla 5.5 mm long; lower

lip boatshaped, longer than the upper lip. Stamens exserted.

Type: W. New Guinea: Otakwa River to Mt. Carstensz, alt.

2,060-2,100 m Camp. ix-x, Kloss s.n. (Wallastos Exped.), (type,

BM, K), Jan. 1913.

Distribution: Endemic to Malesia (Lesser Sunda Isls., and New

Guinea).

Specimens examined:

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, Koepang, Brown s.n. April 1803 (BM);

Timor, Soé, alt. 800 m, Walsh s.n. Dec. 1928 (BM) (fis. light blue-mauve).

New Guinea: Papua, Brass 32362 (K, L); Otakwa River, Carstensz

Peaks, alt. 2,000-2,100 m, Kloss s.n. Jan. 1913 (BM, K) (Type of

Plectranthus Klossi S. Moore); Otakwa River, Carstensz Peaks, alt. 1,600—-

1,800 m, Kloss s.n. Jan. 1913 (BM) (Type of Plectranthus Klossi var.

major S. Moore).

Doubtful species

Pleciranthus kunstleri Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 66 (1897) 521,

74 (1907) 916, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. 9 (1906) 54, pl. 90;

Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 646.

Shrubby, 1-1.5 m high. Stems and branches angled, stout,

puberulous. Leaves membranaceous, ovate or elongately ovate,

9.5-12 cm long 4-6 cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base

cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere regularly crenate, sparsely

glandular-puberulous beneath; petioles 2.5-3 cm long. Flowers in

spurious racemes disposed in large panicles 11-14 cm long and

5—6 cm across; pedicels 4-5 mm long, finely puberulous. Calyx

2.5 mm (in fruit 6-7 mm) long, 5-toothed, the upper tooth ovate,

recurved and decurrent, the two lateral ovate-acute and the two

lower subulate. Nutlets oblong, 1.2 mm long, brown, hardly

shining.

Type: Malay Peninsula: Perak, tope of limestone hills, 130-

200 m King’s collector 8240, (Shrubby, 2-3 ft. long, leaves light

green, flowers pale green) Sept. 1885. (K, BM).

Distribution: Malesia (Malay Peninsula).

Ecology: Known only from the limestone hills, at low altitudes.

The materials available are the two iso-types deposited in the

herbaria at Kew and in the British Museum. Both are fruiting ones.

The holotype, on which Prain’s description and illustration of the

flower are based, has not been seen. The foliage leaves and the

fruiting calyx of this species strongly resemble those of Coleus

micranthus Merr. of the Philippines.

28. POGOSTEMON DESF.

Pogostemon Desf. in Mem. Mus. Par, 2 (1815) 154, t. 6; Benth. in

Benth. & Hook. f. 2 (1876) 1179; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Kam. 4,

3a (1897) 328.

Wensea Wendl. Coll. Pl. 3 (1819) 24, t. 84.

152 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Herbs or undershrubs, often strongly scented. Leaves usually

opposite. Flowers small, in simple or branched, spicate-racemose,

formed of many densely flowered subcapitate false whorls. Calyx

tubular or campanulate, subequally or equally 5-toothed. Corolla

tubular, exserted; limb 2-lipped; upper lip 3-iobed, the central

lobe usually longer and narrower than the lateral ones; the lower

lip patent, entire. Stamens 4, exserted, usually straight, the lower

pair often slightly shorter than the upper; anther-locules confluent;

filaments pubescent. Disk subentire, uniform. Style shortly 2-fid,

the branches subulate, subequal. Nutlets smooth, ovoid or ellipsoid.

Species 35-40, Eastern India to S. China and Japan and to

Malesia; about 7 species in Malesia.

Key to the species.

A. Spicate-racemes usually branched and forming a paniculate

inflorescence.

B. False whorls distinctly apart (or spicate-racemes with

distinct. internodes).

C. Calyx 3-3.5 mm (in fruit 3.5-4 mm) long.

1. P. heyneanus

C. Calyx 4-5 mm (in fruit (5.5-6 mm) long.

2. P. tomentosus

B. False whorls nearly continuous, occasionally interrupted

only at the base; calyx 44.5 mm (in fruit about 5 mm)

long. 3. P. cablin

A. Spicate-racemes usually simple, terminal, solitary, rarely

accompanied by | or 2 short spicate-racemes at the base.

B. False whorls distinctly apart.

C. Calyx cylindric, 5-7 mm (in fruit 7-8 mm) long; teeth

clasping.

D. Leaves oval-cordate, hirsute; flowers 3-6 (—8) in a

false whorl. 4. P. reticulaius

D. Leaves oblong-ovate to ovate, nearly glabrous;

flowers 10 or more in a false whorl.

5. P. philippinense

C. Calyx campanulate, 4—4.5 mm (in fruit 5-5.5 mm) long;

teeth cften spreading. 6. P. menthoides

B. False whorls nearly continuous, occasionally interrupted

only at the base; rachis densely tomentose or hairy.

7. P. velatus

1. Pogostemon heyneanus Benth, in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. 2 (1831) 16,

Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1833) 154 (as heyneanum), in DC. Prodr. 12

(1848) 153; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 961; Prain in J. As. Soc.

Beng. 74, 2 (1907) 707; Merr. Enum. Philip. 2 (1923) 414; Rid.

Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 647; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14,

1 (1940) 71; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 633.

Pogostemon patchouli (non P. patchouly Pellet.) Hook. f. Fl.

Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 633. (excl. var. suavis Hook. f.).

1S)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 15

Erect branching herb, 1—1.5 m high. Stems and branches slender,

sparingly pubescent. Leaves thin membranaceous, ovate to broadly

ovate, 5-8 cm long, 3.5-5.5 cm wide, acute, the base broadly

cuneate, often slightly oblique, entire, margins elsewhere crenate

or dcuble-crenate; sparingly puberulous or sometimes almost

glabrous on both surfaces; petioles 1-3 cm long, puberulous.

Paniculate inflorescence 6-10 cm long, terminal; false whorls

globular, 0.5—1.5 cm apart at the base, more approximate upwards;

bracts narrowly lanceolate, 3—3.5 mm long, acute, puberulous.

Calyx 3-3.5 mm (in fruit 3.5-4 mm) long, tomentose externally:

teeth equal, triangular. Corolla 4.5-S mm long, 2-lipped, glabrous.

Filaments exserted, almost straight, all bearded. Style shortly

2-branched. Nutlets obliquely ovoid, 0.5-0.6 mm _ long, black,

smooth.

Type: E. India, Heyne s.n. (K).

Distribution: India, Ceylon and Malesia.

Ecology: In thickets, old clearings, etc., at low to medium

altitudes. Cultivated or as an escape from cultivation.

Vern. names: Patchouli (Sumatra); Ruku, Pakochilam, Poko

Nyao, Rumput Kuku (Malay Peninsula), Kadlum, lagumtum

(Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: E. Sumatra, Beccari 600 & 662 (K); W. Coast, alt. 900 &

1,500 m, Biinnemeijer 8123 (K, L) & 9057 (L); Lampong, alt. 400 m,

Iboet 105 (K, L); Berastagi, alt. 1,350 m, & 1,500 m, Lorzing 6792 (K, L) &

13844 (L); Deli, Lorzing 15829 (L); E. Sumatra, Ridley 11334 (K);

Sandaran Agong, Robinson & Kloss s.n. May 1914 (K); Padang, Toroes

5635 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Sembilan, Alvins 880 & 1088 (Sing.); Sungei Ujong,

Alvins 1937 & 2240 (Sing.); Malaya Pen., Griffith 3966 & 3970 (K, Sing.);

Malacca, Griffith s.n. (K); Penang, Haniff s.n. Feb. 1920 (Sing.); Teku,

G. Tahan, Haniff 8031 (Sing.); Pahang, near Kuala Toku, Holttum 20816

(Sing.); Selangor, Ridley 7603 (K, Sing.); Perak, Ridley 14300 a (Sing.):

Pahang, Kuala Toku, Seimund 485 (Sing.); Upper Perak, Wray 4046 (Sing.).

Java: Buitenzorg, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 1753 & 3654 (L); Java, Horsfield

lab. 17 (K); Kota Batoe, Monchy s.n. (L); Tjibodas, Schaffer s.n. (L).

Borneo: Sarawak, Beccari 1747 & 2747 (K); Sarawak, Pen Kulu Ampat,

Haviland s.n. (Sing.); Borneo, Bandjarmassing, Moi/cy 392 (K); Sarawak,

Lundu, Ridley 12381 (K).

Philippines: Palawan, Bermejos 287 (K); Mindanao, alt. 450 m, Freke

38323 (L); Mindanao, Zamboanga, Merrill 5467 (K) & 8238 (K, L);

Mindanao, Ramos & Edano 36972 (L).

2. Pogostemon tomentosus Hassk. Hort. Bogor. (1858) 131; Benth.

in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 153; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 962.

Perennial, erect herb, branched. Stems and branches slender,

tomentose. Leaves thin or thick membranaceous, puberulous above,

densely tomentose beneath, oblong-ovate or ovate, 5—9 (—14) cm

long, 3.5-6 (-10) cm wide, acute, the base obliquely rounded,

entire; margins elsewhere incisely serrate or partly double-serrate.

Spicate-racemes few or several, forming terminal panicles; false

whorls 10-many-flowered, more or less apart at the base, closely

approximate upwards; bracts linear lanceolate, 3-6 mm long.

154 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Calyx tubular, 4-5 mm (in fruit 5.5-6 mm) long, pilose. Corolla

5.5—-6 mm long, 2-lipped. Filaments shortly exserted, woolly below.

Seeds subrounded, 0.6 mm long, 0.5 mm _ broad, obscurely

3-angled, black.

Type specimen: Java, Buitenzorg, Hasskarl s.n. (not seen)

Distribution: Malesia (Java ?, Lesser Sunda Isls., the Philip-

pines, Celebes).

Specimens examined:

Lesser Sunda Islands: Soemba, Teysmann 8814 (K, L); Bali, Voogd

2187, (i.):

Philippines: Luzon, Mt. Arayat, Ramos 22432 (K, L).

Celebes: S. W. Celebes, Eyma 330] (L); Celebes, Teysmann 12601 (L);

Tjamba, Teysmann 12620 (L); Baleh-Angien, Teysmann 8814 (K, L).

Type specimen of this species was not available for examination.

The identification of the Celebes and Lesser Sunda Islands speci-

mens as belonging to this species was made by Boerlage (in Herb.

Leiden), on which the above descriptions were drawn. One notable

feature is that no available specimens from Java can be referred

to this species. It is also not included in Backer and Bakhuizen’s

Flora of Java Vol. 2, (1965).

3. Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 146;

Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 964; Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74,

2 (1907) 708, in Kew Bull. (1908) 78; Merr. Enum. Philip.

3 (1923) 414; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 633.

Mentha cablin Blanco, FI. Filip. (1837) 473.

Meniha auricularia (non Linn.) Blanco, op. cit. ed. 2 (1845) 329,

ed. 3, 2 (1878) 245.

Pogostemon patchouly Pellet. in Mem. Soc. Sc. Orleans 5 (1845)

pee Me ave:

Pogostemon patchouly Pellet. (as patchouli), var. suavis Hook.

f. Fl. Brit. Ind. 4. (1885) 634.

Pogostemon patchouli Hook. in Kew J. Bot. 1 (1849) 328, ¢. 77.

Pogostemon comosus Mig. FI. Ind. Bat. (1859) 963. syn. nov.

Pogostemon neptoides Stapf. in Kew Bull. (1908) 116: Merr. in

Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912) Bot. 347 (incl. var. glandulosus), Enum.

Philip. 3 (1923) 414. syn. nov.

Pogesiemon battakianum Ridl. in J. R. As. Soc. Mal. Br. 1

(1923) 85. syn. nov.

Pogostemon javanicus Backer ex Adelb. in Reinwardtia 3 (1954)

150, f. 7. Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 632, syn. nov.

Erect herb, branched, 50-100 cm high. Stem and branches

densely tomentose. Leaves thin or thick membranaceous, narrowly

ovate or ovate, 7-10 (-13) cm long, 5—6.5 (—7) cm wide, acute,

the base cuneate-rounded to truncate, entire; the margins elsewhere

incisely dentate or crenate; petioles 1-3.5 cm long, tomentose.

Spicate-racemes 3 or many forming a terminal panicle, 15—30 (40)

cm long; false whorls slightly apart below, closely approximate

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 155

above; bracts elliptic or narrowly ovate, 2-7 mm long. Calyx

tubular, 4-5 mm (in fruit 5-6 mm) long, narrowed at both ends,

hirsute to strigose, equally 5-toothed. Corolla 6-7 mm _ long,

2-lipped. Filaments soft hairy. Style 2-branched at the apex.

Nutlets ellipsoid, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, subtriquetrous,

smooth.

Distribution: India, Ceylon and Malesia.

Ecology: Ocassionally cultivated or escaped from cultivation

and occurring in areas remote from settlement.

Vern. names: Kabiling, Kadlum, Karlin, Sarok (Philippines,

fide Merrill).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: W. Coast, alt. 1,550 m, Biinnemeijer 8811 (L); G. Kerintji,

alt. 1,900 m, Biinnemeijer 9612 (K, L); Berastagi, Ridley s.n. Feb. 1921

(K) (Type of Pogostemon battakianun Ridl.).

Malay Peninsula: Selangor, Collector unknown, s.n. May 1932 (K).

Java: Bogor, Hallier 303 (L); Buitenzorg, Garden, Holmes s.n. 1896

(K); Banjoemas, Horsfield s.n. (U 69535) (Type of Pogostemon comosus

Miq.); Banjoewangi, Zollinger 4651 (L) (Type of Pogostemon javanicus

Backer).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Sumbawa, Elbert 3677 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Rizal, Ahern’s Collector 2443 (K, Sing.); Luzon,

Loher 4211 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Merrill sp. Blanc. /J2 (K, L); Luzon,

Merrill 5025 (K); Luzon, Ilocos, alt. 1,000 m, Merritt & Darling 12479

(K); Philippines, Micholitz s.n. (K) (Type of Pogostemon nepetoides):

Luzon, Rizal, Ramos 1849, 2061, 2130 & 5199 (K); Luzon, Pampanga,

Ramos 22432 (K); Luzon, Rizal, Reillo 19292 (K, L); Philippines, Vidal

SOA. L.).

4. Pogostemon reticulatus Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 8 (1912) Bot. 348,

Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 415.

Erect branched herb, 50-75 cm high. Stems and branches pube-

rulent, scattered with long white hairs. Leaves thin membrana-

ceous, 5-10 cm long, 3.5—7 cm wide, obtuse or shortly acuminate,

the base rounded or cordate; margins coarsely and irregularly

crenate, ciliate on both surfaces; petioles 3-6 cm long. False

raceme terminal, solitary, 6-15 cm long including the peduncle;

false whor:s 3-8 flowered, internodes 1-2 cm long, more or less

evenly apart; bracteoles filiform, 2 mm long, puberulent, ciliate.

Calyx tubular, 4.5-6 mm long, puberulent and very sparingly

pilose, narrowed at both ends; the teeth oblong-lanceolate, ciliate.

Type: Luzon, Rizal, Montablan, For. Bur. 3395 Ahern’s collec-

tor (K, L).

Distribution: Malesia (the Philippines).

Ecology: In thickets or forests at low or medium altitudes.

Vern. names: Kadling (the Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Rizal, Montablan, Ahern’s Collector 3395 (K, L)

(Type); Rizal, San Andales, Edano 48842 (K, L); Luzon, Mariveles.

Loher 4207 (K) (Fis. lilac); Luzon, Loher 6690 (K); Luzon, Laguna, San

Antonio, Ramos s.n. Aug. 1910 (K); Philippines, Vidal 3487 (K, L).

Loher 4207 deviates from the typical form of the species in the

conspicuously pedunculate verticillasters. They are normally

subsessile.

156 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

5. Pogostemon philippinensis S. M. Moore in J. Bot. 43 (1905) 146;

Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 5 (1910) Bot. 381, Enum. Philip. (1923)

415.

Pogostemon membranaceous Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912)

347, Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 414. syn. nov.

Erect herb, 50-75 cm high, branched. Stems and branches

puberulent. Leaves thick or thin membranaceous, oblong-ovate to

ovate, 3-9 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, acuminate, the base rounded,

entire; margins elsewhere serrate or double-serrate: glabrescent

above, glandulate-punctate beneath; petioles 1-3 cm long, puberu-

lent, Spicate-raceme terminal, solitary, 4-12 cm long; false whorls

10-many-flowered, more or evenly apart; bracts linear lanceolate,

pubescent, caducous. Calyx tubular, 5-6 mm (in fruit 6-7 mm)

long, sparingly pubescent and glandular-punctate. Corolla slender,

glabrous, 9-10 mm long. Filaments exserted, bearded below the

middle. Nutlets ovoid, 0.6-0.7 mm long, obscurely triquetrous,

smooth.

Typs: Luzon, Prov. of Ilo-ilo, Vidal 3421, (K) March. 1886.

Distribution: Malesia (the Philippines).

Ecology: In thickets or forests along streams at low or medium

altitudes.

Vern. names: Legleg, Ngingiyau, Panga-ti-Nuang (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Lepanto, Merrill 4501 (K); Luzon, Pampanga,

Merrill 11210 (K); Luzon, Abra, Ramos 7267 (K); Luzon Laguna, Ramos

16419 (L) (Co-type Pogostemon membranaceous Merr.); Luzon, Laguna,

San Antonio, Ramos 16596 (K); Luzon, Baguio, Ramos 27404 (K, L. Sing.):

Luzon, Ilocos, Mt. Palimlim, Ramos 33320 (K); Luzon, Cagayan Pena-

blanca, Ramos & Edano 46599 (Sing.); Luzon, Rizal, Mt. Irig, Ramos &

Edano 48558 (K); Luzon, Benguet, Pauai, Santos 31792 (K): Mindoro,

Mt. Yagaw, alt. 500 m, Sulit & Conklin ,16927 (L): Luzon, Bontoc,

Vanoverbergh 208 (L); N. Luzon, Vidal 1655 & 1659 (K); Panay, Iloilo,

Miagao, Vidal 3421 (K) (Type of Pogostemon philippinensis Moore).

A co-type of Pogostemon membranaceous Merr. has been

examined. It differs from P. philippinensis Moore merely in the

thinner and somewhat broader leaves.

6. Pogostemon menthoides Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 825; Benth. Lab. Gen.

& Sp. (1833) 156, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 155; Miq. Fl. Ind.

Bat. 2 (1859) 963; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 632.

Pogostemon fraternus Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 963. syn. nov.

Erect branched herb, 50-100 cm high. Branches pubescent.

Leaves thick membranaceous, lanceolate to ovate, 1-5 (—8) cm

long, 0.7-3 (-5) cm wide, acute, the base acute or rounded, often

slightly oblique; margins often doubly serrate or incised-serrate in

larger ones; sericeous on both surfaces: petioles 0.5-1 cm long,

pubescent. Spicate-raceme terminal, solitary, 3-15 cm long: false

whorls 3-12 flowered, evenly apart; bracts linear, minute. Calyx

campanulate, strigose, 4-4.5 mm (in fruit 5—5.5 mm) long, 5-

(occasionally 7—) toothed; teeth lanceolate, sharply pointed, often

spreading. Corolla 6-7 mm long, 2-lipped, sparingly puberulent-

| a J

Fig. 28. Pogostemon menthoides Bl. (a-e) and P. philippinense S.M.

Moore (f-h).

a. flower: b. corolla expanded showing the stamens; c. ovary; d.

fruiting calyx; e. nutlet; f. corolla and stamens; g. upper portion of

corolla expanded: h. calyx. (a-c, Boelage s.n; d & e, Blume s.n.;

f-h, Ramos 16419).

28a ;

{ 4

boone phiigipinbasigg

° ,

x) Ki (SJ W

@ UP ¢ |

yf & d

— @ iP

= {| AA

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eS Se

ee f

Ap S)

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2 4 /

Ye J

Z) VA

a bd |

| 3cm

S ——*,

>». ~ Li f ih

os hs SY “7 Y, ~ lip

\ Zs, Sul 4 NS D WZ;

= = B <

NAL SE Ne

—UEES AVG SS

G P= SDN =

Ge Ne Se

‘GAVE. Be SIE:

TE qe Se

Al EE. =

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Cc d

Fig. 28a. Diagrams of the inflorescences and sketches of the leaves of

Pogostemon.

a. P. heyneanus Benth.; b. P. tomentosus Hassk.; ¢. P. cablin Benth.;

d. P. reticulatus Merr.; e. P. philippinense S.M. Moore, f. P.

menthoides Bl.; g. P. velatus Benth. (a. Bakhuizen v.d. Brink 3654; b.

Teysmann 12601; c. Vidal 505; d. Ahem’s collection; e. Ramos

16419; f. Koorders 44057; g. Cuming 1097).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 159

Filaments exserted, bearded below the middle. Nutlets subglobose,

0.6 mm long and 0.5 mm across, obscurely 3-angulate, black,

finely reticulate.

Type: Mt. Gede, Blume s.n. (L).

Distribution: Malesia (Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Borneo and

the Philippines).

Ecology: In damp forests, altitude 1,500—2,500 m.

Specimens examined :

Java: G. Widodaren alt. 1,750 m, Backer 3715 (L); G. Tjeremai, alt.

1,500 m, Backer 4898 (L); G. Gedeh, alt. 2,000 m, Backer 13721 (L); G.

Hayang, alt. 2,200 m, Backer 9845 (L); Preanger, alt. 1.620 m, Backhuizen

v/d Brink 4559 (K, L): Tjibodas, Boerlage s.n. 1917 (L); G. Papandajan,

Burck s.n. July 1891 (K, L); G. Gede, Blume s.n. (lectotype of Pogostemon

menthoides Bl.); G. Gedeh, Clemens 30434 (K); G. Gedeh, Hallier 480

(L): G. Gede, Hochreutiner 828 (L) (Herb 0.5 m: fis. violet): Java,

Horsfield 1141 (K) (Type of Pogostemon fracterus Miq.): G. Gedeh, alt.

1650 m, Kern 8301] (L) (Corolla light purple; fil. dark purple: style less

purplish); Tjibodas, alt. 2,000 m, Koorders 25846 & 31075 (L); Besoeki,

alt. 2,000 m, Koorders 43203 (K, L); G. Delaman, alt. 1,600 m, Koorders

43205 (L); G. Ardjoeno, alt. 2,000 m, Koorders 44057 (L); G. Willis, alt.

2,000 m, Kuntze 5871 (K); G. Prahoe, alt. 2,100-2,500 m, Loogen J] (L);

G. Kentjana, Native Collector 345 (L); Tyjibodas, Pleyte 119 (L) (Herb

70 cm fis. lilac); Tyibodas, alt. 1.400 & 1,500 m, Raap 646 & 718 (L):

Wajang, Rant 608 (L); Tjibodas, Sapiin 2479 (L); G. Kentjana, Soegandi-

redjo s.n. April 1909 (L); G. Patoeha, alt. 1,600—2,000 m, Steenis 4422 (L);

Kandangbakak to Tjibeureum, Yates 2873 (Sing.)

Lesser Sunda Islands: Bali, Steenis 7887 (K, Sing.); Bali, alt. 1,700 m,

Voogd 2766 (L).

Borneo: N. Borneo, Kinabalu, Silan Basin, alt. 1,700—2,700 m, Clemens

29727 (K, L); Kinabalu, Penaturan River, alt. 1,200 m, Clemens 32575 (L)

Philippines: Luzon, Ilocos, Mt. Quebrada, alt. 1,000 m, Edano 3953 (L);

Luzon, Mt. Darna, alt. 1,000 m, Edano 6057 (L): Luzon, Mt. Tonglon,

Ramos 5415 (L).

Descriptions of Pogostemon fraternus Miq. was based on Hors-

field’s collection from G. Praoe, Java. A type specimen in the Kew

Herbarium is identical with P. menthoides BI.

Two specimens collected by Edafio from Luzon (Nos. 3953,

6057) probably represent a new variety. It is characterized by the

much longer inflorescence (up to 20 cm long) and the denser

verticils consisting of over 20 flowers.

7. Pogostemon velatus Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 155: Mig.

Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 964; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 415.

Pogostemon williamsii Elmer, Leafl. Philip. Bot. 9 (1934) 3197,

syn. nov.

Perennial branching herb or shrubby, 1 m high. Stems and

branches stout, densely tomentose. Leaves thick membranaceous,

lanceolate to broadly ovate, 3-8-11 cm long, 1.5-4 (-S) cm wide,

acute or acuminate, the base rounded or cordate, the margins

remotely double-serrate, densely velutinous on both surfaces;

petioles 1-3 cm long. Spicate-raceme terminal and solitary, 5-12

(—15) cm long; false whorls 12-many flowered, closely approximate.

Calyx tubular, 5 mm long (in fruit 6-6.5 mm long, the mouth

enlarged), sparingly pilose; teeth 5, broadly lanceolate, ciliate.

160 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Corolla slender, 7-8 mm long, pilose externally. Filaments exserted,

hairy below. Nutlets subspherical, 0.6 mm long, and 0.5 mm

across, black, smooth.

Type: Luzon, Insul. Philippines, Cuming 1097 (K, L) 1841.

Distribution: Malesia (the Philippines).

Ecology: In ravines, thickets, etc. altitude 1,200-1,800 m.

Vern. names: Dila, Opop, Sipan-ti-bayungan (Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Cuming 1097 (K, L) (Type of Pogostemon velatus

Benth); Luzon, Alba, Darling 16566 (L); Luzon, Benguet, Elmer 5912 (K):

Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Elmer 8385 (K, L): Luzon, Pampanga, Mt.

Pinatubo, E!mer 22225 (K, L, Sing.) (Type of Pogostemon williamsii Elm);

Luzon, Loher 4208, 4209 & 4210 (K); Luzon, Nueva Vizcaya. McGregor

11339 (K, L); Luzon, Benguet, Mendoza 20362 (L): Luzon, Benguet, Mt.

Abbocot, Mendoza 40923 (K, L): Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Merrill 4778

(K); Luzon, Baguio, Merrill 11673 (K, Sing.); Luzon, Zambales, Anuling,

Ramos & Edano 44557 (Sing.); Luzon, Cagayan. Penablanca, Ramos

76828 (Sing.); Luzon, Baguio-Bontoc, Steenis 1791/4 (L); Luzon, Mt. Pauai,

Sulit 7535 (L); Luzon, Bontoc, Vanoverbergh 157 (L): Luzon, Benguet,

Vidal. 1660 (K); Luzon, Benguet, Baguio, Williams 1353 (K).

The type specimen of Pogostemon williamsii Elmer has been

studied, it differs from P. velatus Benth. mainly in the narrower

inflorescence (1—1.5 cm across vs. 2—2.2 cm across) and the nar-

rower leaves (lanceolate vs. cordate). Their basic flower structures,

however, are very similar.

Species imperfectly known

Pogostemon cristatus Hassk. in Hoev. & De Vriese, Tijdschr. 10

(1843) 121; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 633.

According to Backer and Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr., this

species is closely allied to Pogostemon heyneanus Benth., “‘from

which it may be distinguished by the- larger dimensions of the

flower.” No materials are available for the present study.

29. SALVIA [TOURN.] LINN.

Salvia [Tourn.] Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754). Sp. Pl. (1753) 23;

Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1194: Briq. in E.

& P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 270.

Herbs, undershrubs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, cauline or

almost all radical, simple or pinnatifid. Flowers small to large and

showy: false whorls in terminal and axillary racemes; bracts small

or large, sometimes brilliantly coloured in cultivated forms. Calyx

campanulate or tubular, 2-lipped: upper lip entire or 3-fid; lower

lip notched or 2-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; tube naked or annulate

within; upper lip erect; lower lip 3-lobed, the central lobe usually

wider than the lateral ones, entire or emarginate. Fertile stamens

2, representing the lower pair; filaments short, articulating with a

slender connective, and sometimes produced beyond the joint;

connective linear, transverse, with an upper ascending arm which

bears a linear fertile anther-locule, and a lower straight or deflexed

branch bearing a reduced anther-locule or empty. Disk usually

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 161

enlarged anteriorly. Style shortly 2-fid; the lobes usually subulate,.

equal or the lower larger, sometimes flattened. Nutlets ovoid,

often triquetrous, smooth.

About 500 species, widely distributed in temperate and sub-

tropical regions of the World, only 2 species are perhaps native to

Malesia; several other species are often cultivated in the gardens*,

one of them, S. coccinea, var. pseudococcinea, sometimes escapes.

from cultivation.

Key to the species

A. Dwarf rhizomatous herb, usually below 20 cm high; leaves:

nearly all radical, always pinnatifid; style branches nearly

equal. 1. S. scapiformis

A. Erect herbs, often above 30 cm high; leaves cauline, simple and

entire; style branches unequal, the upper ones very short.

B. Inflorescence paniculate; flowers bluish violet, minute,

inconspicuous; corolla-tube short, not exserted.

2. S. plebeia

B. Inflorescence racemose; flowers red, rather large, showy;

corolla-tube long, exserted. 3. S. coccinea vat.

pseudococcinea

1. Salvia scapiformis Hance in J. Bot. 23 (1885) 368 in Bot. Mag.

t. 6980; Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 5 (1910) Bot. 228, Enum. Philip.

3 (1923) 413 (as S. scaphiformis); Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag.

Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 175.

Dwarf rhizomatous herb, usually 10-20 cm high. Leaves very

variable, nearly all radical, odd-pinnatifid, ovate or broadly ovate

in cutline, 5-10 (—18) cm long; leaflets often 5, sometimes 3 or 7,

rarely simple; terminal leaflets the largest, ovate, 1-4 cm long,

0.8-3 cm wide, acute, the base rounded or cordate, entire, the

margins crenate-serrate, or few-toothed in the lateral ones, glabre-

scent cn both surfaces; petioles very slender, 4-10 cm long. Flowers.

4-7 in a false-whorl, the whorls 1-1.5 cm apart, in raceme-like

inflorescence borne on a terminal scape. Calyx tubular-campanu-

late, 5—5.5 mm (in fruit 7-9 mm) long, sparsely pilose, 2-lipped;

upper lip broad deltoid, entire; lower lip sharply 2-toothed. Corolla

8-9 mm long, exserted; tube annulate within; upper lip erect,

emarginate: lower lip shorter, 3-lobed. Stamens exserted, lower

connective-branches reduced. Style shortly 2-branched, the branches

nearly equal. Nutlets ellipsoid, 2 mm long and | mm broad,

subtriquetrous.

Type specimen: Tam Sui, Ins. Formosa, C. Ford (Herb. Propr.

22314), June, 1884 (K).

Distribution: Western China, Formosa, and Malesia (The

Philippines).

* A key to 13 cultivated species and varieties in Java can be found in

Backer & Bakhuizen, Fl. Java. 2 (1965), pp. 625-628.

162 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Mt. Picode-Loro, Ilocos, Luzon, alt. 500 m, Edano 17973

(L); Banguio, Benquet, Luzon, Elmer 5834 (K), 8637 (K, L); Burgos.

Ilocos, Luzon, Ramos 27184 (K); Mt. Nagapatan, Ilocos, Luzon, Ramos

33145 (L, Sing); Umiray, Tayabas, Luzon, Ramos & Edano 29046 (K);

Mt. Suson-Dalaga, Rizal, Luzon, Ramos & Edano 29415 (K); Mt. Data,

Lepanto, Luzon, Ramos & Edano 40256 (K, L) 40233 (K, isotype of

Salvia philippinensis Merr. probably an unpublished binomial).

This is possibly a true native species of Salvia in the Malesian

region.

2. Salvia plebeia R. Br. Prodr. (1810) 501; Benth. in DC. Prodr.

12 (1848) 355; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 970 (as S. plebeja);

Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng. 74 (1907) 713; Merr. Enum. Philip.

3 (1923) 413.

Salvia violacea (non Ruiz & Pav.) Blanco FI. Filip. (1845) 14,

ed?'S;, 1 C1S7F)° 27:

Erect herb, 40-60 cm or more high. Stems 4-angled, grooved,

tomentose or glabrescent. Leaves membranaceous, sparsely hirsute

or nearly glabrous, very narrowly elliptic or narrowly ovate, 2-4

cm long, 0.8-1.5 cm wide, sub-acute or obtuse, the base usually

cuneate, entire; margins elsewhere crenate; petioles 2-4 cm long,

hirsute. False racemes terminal and in upper leaf-axils, often

forming large panicles; flowers 4-10 in a false whorl; bracts small,

linear-spathulate; pedicels 1-2 mm long, hairy. Calyx campanu-

late, 2 mm (in fruit 2.5 mm) long, densely tomentose and glandu-

late, 2-lipped; upper lip obtuse, often shortly 3-fid at the tip; lower

2-toothed, the teeth acute. Corolla small, 3-3.5 mm long, shortly

exserted; upper lip oblong, obtuse; lower lip 3-lobed, the mid-lobe

exceeding the lateral ones. Nutlets ovoid, 1 mm long, 0.7 mm

broad, brown, rugose.

Type specimen: Nova Hollandia tropica, R. Brown, s.n. (BM).

Distribution: Southeastern Asia to Australia.

Ecology: A weed occurring at low altitudes, rather rare.

Vern. name: Ruku-ruku begal (Sumatra).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Karo Lands, alt. 1,350 m, Lorzing 5921 (L); Karo Lands,

Biang Valley, Lorzing 14502 (L) (Herb, 40 cm, lIvs. aromatic, fls. violet);

Berastagi, Ridley s.n. Feb. 1926 (K) (Fls. purflish).

Philippines: Luzon, Cagayan, Cuming 1347 (L); Luzon, Cagayan,

Penablanca, Ramos & Edano 46556 (Sing.).

New Guinea: Lae, Bot. Gard., Heutz 9827 & 10503 (L).

3. Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr. var. pseudococcinea (Juss. ex

Murr.) Back. in Onkrnidfl. Jav. Suikerr. (1934) 561; Back. &

Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 628.

Salvia pseudococcinea Juss. ex Murr. in Comm. Gott. 1 (1778)

86; Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 378.

Salvia coccinea (non Juss. ex Murr.) Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng.

74 (1907) 712; Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 655 (as Sp. excl.)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 163

2mm +..- 6% 14. AlN:

Fig. 29. Salvia coccinea Juss. ex Murr. (a-c), S. plebeia R. Br. (d-f, and

S. scapiformis Hance (g-i).

a, d, g. flowers; b, e, h. stamens and portions of styles; c, f, i.

upper (left) and lower (right) fruiting calyx-lips; (a-c, Lorzing

11849; d-f. Lorzing 14502, Cuming 1347; g-i, Edano 17973, Ramos

33145).

164 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

A slender herb, 60 cm to 1 m high. Stems several, ascending,

often branched, finely pubescent (in some cultivated forms with

extremely long silky hairs). Leaves membranaceous, ovate or

deltoid-ovate, 2.5—-3.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, acute, the base

truncate or cordate, the margins crenate or serrate; glabrous above,

finely pubescent beneath; petioles slender, 0.5-1 cm long, finely

puberulous. False racemes terminal; flowers 6-10 in a false whorl;

bracts ovate-acuminate, deciduous; pedicels 2-4 mm long, slender,

puberulous. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 7-8 mm (in fruit 9-10

mm) long, hirsute, striate; upper lip entire, obtuse; lower lip

2-toothed, the teeth triangular, acute. Corolla 20-25 mm long;

tube straight, much exserted, widened upwards; upper lip short,

erect; lower lip spreading or recurved, 3-fid. Nutlets narrowly

ovoid, 3 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, smooth, brown.

Distribution: A native of tropical America; cultivated in South-

eastern Asia.

Ecology: A garden plant, occasionally escaped from cultivation.

| Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Sibolangit, Bot. Gard., alt. 500 m, Lérzing 11849 (L).

Malay Peninsula: Malaya, Maingay 1167 (K): Malacca, Maingay 1778

(K.)

Java: Pasoeroean, Backer 36769 (L): Sarangan, Coert 179 (L); Madioen,

G. Lawoe, alt. 1,300—-1,400 m, Elbert 749 (L): S. E. Java, Forbes 756 (L):

Pangalengan, Forbes 758 (BM, Sing.); Preanger, alt. 1.400 m, Hochreutiner

1280 (L); Pangalengan, alt. 1,400 m, Karsten 19 (L); Sarangan, G. Lawoe,

alt. 1,300 m, Karsten 50 (L): Besoeki, Koorders 28490 (K): Batavia.

Schiffner 2503 (L); Preanger, Tyjuijiroean, alt. 1,450 m, Smith 793 (L).

30. SCUTELLARIA LINN.

Scutellaria [Riv.] Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 260, Sp. Pl. (1753)

598: Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848) 412, in Benth. & Hook. f.

Gen. P]. 2 (1876) 1201; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl. Fam. 4, 3a (1897)

225,

Herbs, sometimes woody below. Leaves opposite, petiolate, rarely

sessile. Flowers in terminal or upper axillary racemose inflores-

cence; bracts minute or conspicuous and foliaceous. Calyx short,

campanulate, 2-lipped, accrescent; calyx tube with a large deci-

duous shield- or pouch-like appendage (‘“scutellum’) above the

upper lip; in fruit, at first the lips closed together, then the upper

lip falling away together with the appendage. Corolla trumpet.

usually sharply recurved from the base and erect upwards, not

annulate within, 2 lipped: upper lip often boat-shaped, entire or

notched; lower lip broad, 3-lobed. Stamens 4; lower pair longer,

the anthers often dimidiate or 1-loculate; upper pair shorter, the

anthers 2-loculate. Disk tubular, elongate. Ovary oblique, on a

short gynophore; style 2-fid. Nutlets very minute, smooth, granu-

late or hispid. Seeds more or less transverse, with curved embryo.

Species about 200, nearly throughout the World, (absent in S.

Africa). Over 10 species have been described or reported from

the Malesian region, only the following 3 species with 4 varieties

are recognized in this treatment.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 165

Key to the species and varieties

A. Flowers mostly 3 and subverticillate (sometimes also 2 and

cpposite) in a false whorl, radially spreading.

B. Leaves membranaceous, generally larger (4.5-6 by 3.5—-5

cm); bracts usually linear, 1-2 mm long, inconspicuous.

1. S. discolor var. discolor

B. Leaves chartaceous, generally smaller (3.5-5 by 2-4 cm);

bracts usually lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, very prominent.

la. S. discolor var. cyrtopoda

A. Flowers 2 and opposite in a false whorl, the pedicels twisted,

nearly in one plane.

B. Raceme-like inflorescence terminal and also in the axils of

upper leaves; dwarf herb; leaves mostly radical, reniform

or rounded, the base often cordate. 2. S. indica

B. Raceme-like inflorescence usually terminal only; erect or

prostrate herb; leaves basically ovate, acute, the base trun-

cate or rounded.

C. Tall herbs, often erect; leaves thin membranaceous,

usually over 3 cm long, the margins crenate or entire.

D. Leaves smaller (3-4 by 1.5—2 cm); rachis of inflore-

scence often glandulately haired.

3. S$. javanica vat. javanica

D. Leaves larger (7.5-10 by 3—3.5 cm); rachis of inflore-

scence often glandulately haired.

3a. S. javanica var. sumatrana

C. Dwarf herb, often procumbent; leaves chartaceous,

usually 1-2.5 cm long, the margins subentire or often

with 2-3 coarse teeth on each side.

D. Leaves 0.5—1.5 cm long, the margins often remotely

crenate or subentire. 3b. S. javanica var. luzonica

D. Leaves 2—2.5 cm long (sometimes up to 6.5 cm long),

the margins often with 2—3 coarse teeth on each side.

3c. S§. javanica var. russeliaefolia

1. Scutellaria discolor Wall. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. (1830)

66: Benth Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834) 428, in DC. Prodr. 12 (1848)

417; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 972; Prain in J. As. Soc. Beng.

74 (1907) 714; Rid]. Fl. Mal. Pen. 2 (1923) 649; Kudo in Mem.

Fac. Sc. & Agr. Taihok Un. 2, 2 (1929) 253; Mukerj. in Rec.

Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 146; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2

(1965) 620.

var. discolor

Scutellaria heteropoda Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 972 (incl. var.

grandis) syn. nov.

Scutellania indica (non Linn.) Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 839.

Small herbs, usually 20-50 cm high; stem hirsute, rarely branch-

ed. Leaves membranaceous, broadly elliptic to rotund, rarely ovate.

4.5-6 cm long, 3.5-5 cm wide, sometimes smaller, obtuse or

166 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

rounded, the base often rounded-cordate, the margins coarsely

crenate, glabrescent or sparsely pubescent on both surfaces;

petioles 1-2 (or more) cm long, hirsute. Flowers in simple terminal

raceme-like inflorescence 10-15 cm long: 3 (or 4) flowers sub-

verticillately arranged in false whorls not confined to one plane;

bracts linear, 1-3 mm long; pedicels 2-4 mm long, pubescent.

Calyx cup-shaped, 2—2.5 mm (in fruit 4-5 mm) long, hirsute.

Corolla trumpet, 10-12 mm long. Nutlets ellipsoid, 1.2 mm long,

0.7 mm wide, black, echinate.

Distribution: E. India, Burma, Indo-China, Malesia (Sumatra,

Malay Peninsula, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands, Moluccas), to S. W.

China.

Ecology: In grassland along rivers or in shade and moist spots

in forest, from low to medium altitudes (200-2,200 m).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Precise locality unknown, Korthals s.n. (L) (Type specimen

of Scutellaria heteropoda var. grandis Miq.); Sungei Kumbang, alt. 1,500 m,

Robinson & Kloss (K).

Malaya Peninsula: Gorge of S. Tras, alt. 200 m, Burkill & Haniff 16942

(Sing.); Kedah, Kedah peak, alt. 1,200 m, Haniff 606 (Sing.); Kedah, G.

Jerai, alt. 1,000 m, Evans & Gordon 1055 (Sing.); Kedah peak. alt. 1,200 m,

Haniff 606 (K, Sing.) (fls. blue); Perak. G. Kubau, Haniff 3916 (Sing.):

Perak, Jor, Haniff 14234 (Sing.); Pahang, Lubok Tamang, alt. 1,200 m,

Henderson 11000 (Sing.); Pahang, Cameron’s Highlands, Henderson 11655,

11771 & 17819 (Sing.); Pahang, Sg. Ichat, Jaamat 251/86 (Sing.); Pahang,

Sg. Terolak, Jaamat 2759] (Sing.); Pahang, Cameron’s Highlands, Pool s.n.

1939-40 (Sing.); Kedah, Kedah peak, alt. 1,300 m, Ridley s.n. June 1893

(Sing.); Pahang, Telau, Ridley 13567 (Sing.); Perak, Ridley 16314 (K);

Kedah peak, alt. 900-1,300 m, Robinson & Kloss 6036 (K); Pahang,

Cameron’s Highlands, alt. 1,600 m, Robinson J1195 (Sing.); Kedah,

Vesterdal 21] (Sing.); Sira Rimau peak, alt. 300 m, Yapp 549 (K).

Java: Java, alt. 1,500 m, Backer 5482 (L); Geger Bintang, alt. 1,700 m,

Backer 13662 (L): G. Beser, alt. 1,050 m, Backer 22974 (L); Kangean,

alt. 150 m, Backer 27500 (L); G. Tjibeber, alt. 1,200 m, Bakhuizen v/d

Brink 2424 (L): Tyidadap, alt. 1,100 m, Baknuizen v/d Brink s.n. May

1917 (L); G. Menangis, alt. 200 m, Buwaldd 3006 (L); Poentjak, Hallier s.n.

Feb. 1895 (K, L, Sing.) Geger Bintang, Hochreutiner 1140 (L); Poentjak,

Hoed 3191 (L): Java, G. Gede, Horsfield s.n. (K, U, type specimens of

Scutellaria heteropoda Miq.) Java, Junghuhn 2128 (K): Dieng, alt. 2,000 m,

Karsten 90 (L): Batavia, G. Salak, alt. 7,000 m, Koorders 24130 (L):

Preanger, alt. 2.215 m, Koorders 36709 (L); Java, Lobb 120 (K); G. Gede,

alt. 1,400 m, Ooststroom 13865 (L): Kapala Tyiburrung, Reinwardt (L):

G. Gede, Ridley s.n. Feb. 1915 (K); Tyibodas, Sapiin 2283 (L); Mt.

Megamendoeng, alt. 1,400 m, Schiffner 2493 & 2495 (L): Bogor, Pasir

Tlaga, Soeganda 30 (L) (fis. violet); Mt. Menapa, alt. 900 m, Steenis 17381]

(L); G. Lawoe, Voogd s.n. 1920 (L); G. Beser, alt. 1,000 m, Winckel 137

(L).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Timor, alt. 1,300 m, Bloembergen 3354 (L):

Wetar, alt. 600 m, Bloembergen 3620 (L); Timer, Koepang, alt. 1,800 m,

collector unknown (L); Lombok, Elbert 972, 1889 & 2775 (L); Wetar, alt.

150-550 m, Elbert 4404 (L); Alor, alt. 200 m, Jaag 695 (L); Timor, Newton

(K); Timor, alt. 1,600-1,750 m, Steenis 18316 (L); Lombok, alt. 1,200 m,

Voogd 2077 (L).

Moluccas: Ceram, Kornassi 487 (K, L), 579, 588 & 1010 (L).

A very variable species of wide geographical distribution. Speci-

mens from E. India (on which basis the species was originally

described), in comparison with the Malaysian ones, are rather tiny

herbs, usually less than 30 cm tall, with rounded-cordate or cordate

reniform and small (1.5—2/1.5-1.8 cm) leaves and few-flowered

terminal inflorescence.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 167

Type specimens of S. heteropoda Miq. (collected by Horsfield

from Java) and its variety (var. grandis collected by Korthals, from

Sumatra) have been examined. They are indistinguishable from

S. discolor.

la. Scutellaria discolor Wall. ex Benth. var. cyrtopoda (Miq.)

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 620.

Scutellaria cyrtopoda Mig. F. Ind. Bat. (1859) 973.

? Scutellaria zollingeriana Brig. in Ann. Cons. & Jard. Bot.

Genéve (1898) 104.

Leaves chartaceous, ovate to broadly ovate, 3.5—5 cm long, 2-4

cm wide, acute or broadly acute; the base rounded, the margins

crenate-serrate, appressed hirsute above, pilose on the nerved

beneath; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm long, pilose; bracts very prominent,

the lower ones lanceolate, 3-5 mm long, decreasing in size

upwards.

Distribution: Java.

Specimens examined:

Java: G. Lawoe, alt. 1,.800-2,000 m, Backer 6794 (L), Dieng Plateau,

Backer 21592 (L); G. Hijang (Gilp Kriutjing), alt. 2,200—-2,700 m,

Bremekamp & Backer 9819 (K, L): G. Lawoe, near the top, Coert 252

(L); Madioen, 2,900—3,200 m, Elbert 150 (L); Pasoeroean, 2,300 m, Gisuis

23 (L); Malabar, Hermans 581] (L); Java, Horsfield s.n. (K, lectotype)

Pasleroean, Jeswiet s.n., July, 1929; Dieng, alt. 2,000 m, Karsten 62 (L);

G. Muriah, alt. 600-700 m, Kern 8610 (L); Jang Plateau, alt. 2,100 m,

Koorders 43406 (L); Priangan, G. Djaja, alt. 2,200 m, Steenis 4354 (L).

Backer and Bakhuizen (l.c.) regard that the description of

Scutellaria zollingeriana Briq. (based on Zollinger no. 2695, from

Java) for the greater part agrees with that of var. cyrtopoda.

2. Scutellaria indica Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 600; Benth. in DC. Prodr.

12 (1848), Fl. Hongk. (1861) 278; Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923)

409; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. Taihoku Un. 2, 2 (1929) 255:

Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb. 62 (1929) 377, (non Blume, 1826).

Scutellaria copelandii Mert. in Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912) Bot. 349.

Small herb, usually prostrate, 20-30 cm tall, often not branched.

Stems and branches acutely 4-angular, glabrescent or strigose.

Leaves chartaceous, mostly radical, broadly ovate to very broadly

ovate, 1.5—-2 (—3) cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, rounded. the base

usually cordate, appressed hirsute on both surfaces, the margins

crenate; petioles 0.5—-1.5 cm long, hirsute and scabrid. Flowers in a

terminal, raceme-like inflorescence, solitary or occasionally several:

flowers 2 in a whorl, opposite: bracts rounded to ovate, 2-3 mm

long, villose. Calyx 1.5 mm (in fruit 3-4 mm) long, glandular-

haired. Corolla 12-14 cm long, puberulent. Nutlets protuberant,

i mm long, 0.6 mm broad.

Distribution: Japan, China, Formosa to Malesia (Sumatra,

Java, Philippines, Celebes, and New Guinea).

Ecology: On cliffs and boulders along streams at low and

medium altitudes, rather rare in Malesia.

168 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Specimens examined :

Java: G. Ipis, alt. 2,300 m, Doctors v. Leeuwen 13329 (L).

Sumatra: Aek Moente, E. Coast, R. si Boeea 9124 (L), Aek Salabat.

E. Coast, R. si Boeea 9583 (L).

Philippines: Zamboanga, Mindanao, Merrill 8210 (K, syntype of S.

copelandii Mert.).

Celebes: Masamba, near Aea, alt. 1,000 m, Eyma 1200 (Flowers lilac.

along way edges).

New Guinea: Tufi, Papua, Hoogland 4590 (L) (flowers pale to deep

purple); Babrongko, alt. 95 m, Iwanggin 5241] (L); Cycloop geb, Lam 7774

{L); Cycloop Mts. alt. 400 m, Mijer Drees 83 (L) (leaves tinged purplish,

corolla violet blue).

The specimen identified by Blume (ad sepes circa Tugu Provin-

ciae, Buitenzorg, Herb. Lugd. Bat. no. 905, 123-28) as Scutellaria

indica L. (as listed in his Bijdr. p. 839), should be correctly referred

to §. discolor. However, in some other specimens cited above,

their general habit, leaves, inflorescences, flowers and fruits are

indistinguishable from those of the typical forms which was first

described from the Orient (not from India) by Linnaeus.

The New Guinea plant tends to have larger and thinner leaves

and often several branched stems each possessing a _ terminal

racemose inflorescence. It perhaps represents a form or variety of

the species.

3. Scutellaria javanica Jungh. Java 1 (1853) 661, in Adnot.: Mia.

Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 974; Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 620.

var. javanica

Scutellaria horsfieldiana Migq. l|.c. 2 (1859) 974 syn. nov.

Subshrub, slender, 60-100 cm high, often branched. Stems and

branches acutely 4-angled, pubescent. Leaves thin membranaceous,

narrowly ovate to ovate, 3-4 (—5) cm long, 1.5—2 (—3) cm wide,

acute or caudate, the base rounded or subcordate, more or less

entire, the margins elsewhere crenate or remotely serrate, often

only few-toothed: puberulent on both surfaces; petioles 1-3 cm

long, hirsute. Flowers in terminal, sometimes also in upper

axillary, lax, false racemes, 8-10 cm long; rachis glandulate-hairy,

often 2 flowers in a whorl, secund. Calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm

(in fruit 5-6 mm) long, hirsute. Corolla trumpet, 14-16 mm long,

puberulent, the upper lip notched. Nutlets broadly oblong, flatten-

ed, 1.5—-1 mm long, black, finely tuberculate and puberulent.

Type specimen: Dieng, Java, alt. 2,100 m, Junghuhn 34 (L).

Distribution: Malesia (Sumatra, Java, Philippines, Moluccas to

New Guinea).

Ecology: in open primary forests, on slopes, low to medium

altitudes.

Vernacular names: Aepar-aepar (Java) Riemos (New Guinea).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 169

eo ee err m rere ee

Fig. 30. Scutellaria javanica Jungh.

a. Diagram of portion of the inflorescence; b. flower; c. longisec-

tion of corolla-limb showing the stamens and style; d. fruiting calyx;

e. nutlet. (flower, Junghuhn 34, fruit, Korthal §.n.)

170 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

30a

b c

, y »

Fig. 30a. Sketches of the leaves of Scutellaria.

a. S. discolor; b. S. discolor var. cyrtopoda; c. S. indica; d. S.

javanica; e. S. javanica var. sumatrana; f. S. javanica var. luzonica;

g. S. javanica var. russeliaefolia.

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 171

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Padang Highlands, alt. 1,200 m, Batten Pooll s.n. Aug. 1936

(Sing.); G. Singalang, alt. 1,100 m, Biinnemeyer 2958 (L); Kerintji, alt.

1,200 m, Biinnemeyer 8187 (L); Kabandjahe, alt. 1,225 m, Lorzing 6225

(L); Lake Toba, alt. 700 m, Lorzing 16263 (L); Mt. Sago, 900 m, Meijer

3183 (L); Benkoelen, alt. 850 m, Rappard 143 (L); G. Singalang, alt. 900 m,

Schiffner 2479 (K, L); Kabandjahe, Surbeck 95 (L).

Java: Java, Horsfield 330 (K) (Type of Scutellaria horsfieldiana Miq.);

Dieng, alt. 2,100 m, Junghuhn 34 (L) (Type of Scutellaria javanica jungh.);

Dieng, Karsten 92 (L); Pasoeroean, Rant s.n. Oct. 1930 (L); Dieng, G.

Prahoe, alt. 2,300 m, Steenis 4615 (L).

Philippines: Luzon, Benguet, Briones 29796 (K); Mindoro, Mt. Haloon,

Edano 3503 (L); Luzon, Ilocos, Ramos 27180 (K); Mindoro, Mt. Haloon,

Ramos & Edano 40606 (K); Luzon, Benguet, Santos 31835 (K).

Moluccas: Ceram, Koniki, alt. 600 m, Kornassi 552 (L).

New Guinea: Papua, Daru Isl., Brass 6324 (L); Papua, Carr 11253 (L);

New Guinea, Schlechter 14007 (K); Vogelkop Penin., alt. 100 m, Versteegh

7468 (L).

3a. Scutellaria javanica Jungh. var. sumatrana (Mig.) Backer in

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 620.

Scutellaria sumatrana Miq. FI. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 974.

Differs from the typical form of the species mainly in the thin-

ner and larger (7.5-10 cm long, 3—3.5 cm wide) leaves and in the

sparsely hirsute inflorescence rachis which may reach a length of

20 cm and is not glandularly haired.

Type specimen: Sumatra, bij de Batang Baroes, Teysmann s.n.

(not seen).

Distribution: Malesia (Sumatra and the Philippines).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: Tanang Taloe, alt. 1,100 m, Biinnemeijer 1041 (L); G. Singa-

lang, alt. 1,200 & 2,600 m, Biinnemeijer 2513 & 2850 (K, L); G. Sago, alt.

1,100 m, Biinnemeijer 3689 (K, L); G. Merapi, alt. 1,300 m, Biinnemeijer

4589 (L); G. Talang, alt. 1,260 m, Biinnemeijer 5604 (L); G. Sago, alt.

1,000 m, Ichlas 11 (L); G. Merapi, alt. 2,000 m, Matthew s.n. Jan. 1914

(K, L); Mt. Kerintji, alt. 1,800-1,900 m, Meijer 6081 (L); Tapianoeli,

Toetoepan, Rahmat si Boeea 5929 (L); Tapianoeli, Toba, Rahmat si Boeea

10828, 10913 & 11225 (L); Siolak Daras, alt.-1,000 m, Robinson & Kloss

sn. March, 1914 (BM, K & Sing.); G. Pakiwang, alt. 700—-1,600 m,

Steenis 3822 (K, L); Gajoe & Alas Lands, alt. 500 m, Steenis 8855 (L)

(fl. pale blue); Tapianoeli, Surbeck 94 & 236 (L).

Philippines: Mindoro, Conklin 18814 (K); Mindanao, Mt. Mansamuga,

Edano 11108 (K).

3b. Scutellaria javanica Jungh. var. luzonica (Rolfe) stat. nov.

Scutellaria luzonica Rolfe in J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 21 (1884) 315;

Merr. Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 410; Mansf. in Bot. Jahrb.

62 (1927) 377.

Scutellaria marivelensis Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 2 (1908) 516.

Ascending, procumbent herb. Leaves chartaceous, lanceolate to

broadly ovate, 0.5—1.5 cm long, 0.3-1 cm wide, acute to acuminate,

the base subrounded, the margins remotely crenate or subentire.

Petioles 2-3 mm long or subsessile Racemes 2-4 cm long.

W72 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Type specimen: Luzon, without precise locality, Lobb s.n. (K,

type of S. luzonica Rolfe).

Distribution: Malesia (The Philippines and New Guinea).

Ecology: In ravines, on ridges in mossy forest etc. at medium

altitudes above 1,000 m.

Vernacular names: Lupingan, sidit (Philip.).

Specimens examined:

Philippines: Luzon, Bataan, Borden 21/0 (K); Luzon, Benguet, Elmer

5835 (K); Luzon, Bataan Elmer 6984 (K); Luzon, Baguio, Elmer 8650

(K, L); Luzon, Lobb. s.n. (Type of Scutellaria luzonica Rolfe) (K);

Philippines, Loher 6689, 7285 & 7290 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Merrill 3114

(K); Luzon, Pampanga, Mt. Arayat, Merrill 3925 (K); Luzon, Benguet,

Merrill 4660 & 4692 (K); Luzon, Bataan, Meyer 2217 (K); Luzon, Angat,

Bulacan, Ramos & Edano 34087 (Sing.); Luzon, Vidal 3380 & 3382 (K):

Luzon, Bataan, Whitford 203 (K).

New Guinea: Papua, Kanosia, Carr 11253 (K) (fls. bluish violet, 1 ft.

tall); Lala Rivers, alt. 1,800 m, Carr 14062 (L) (fils. lilac); Mt. Bainan,

alt. 1,500 m, Cruttwell 888 (K) (fls. bright violet); Milne Bay, alt. 2,100 m,

Cruttwell 1355.(K); Mt. Abree, alt. 2,000 m, Cuthbertson & Sayer (K)

(Type of Scutellaria papuana F. v Mull unpublished?); Finisterre Mts., alt.

1,250 m, Schlechter 19087 (K, L).

3c. Scutellaria javanica Jungh. var. russeliaefolia (Vatke) stat.

nov.

Scutellaria russeliaefolia Vatke in Bot. Zeit. 30 (1872) 716; Merr.

Enum. Philip. 3 (1923) 410.

Small herb, suberect. Leaves chartaceous, ovate, 2—3.5 (—6.5) cm

long, 1-2 (-3) cm wide, acute or acuminate, the base rounded or

often subcordate, the margins with 2—3 coarse teeth on each side;

lateral veins usually very prominent; petioles less than 5 mm long

or subsessile, hirsute.

Distribution: Malesia (The Philippines and Celebes).

Ecology: Often in mossy forest above an altitude of 600 m.

Specimens examined :

Philippines: Basilan Isls. Britton 477 (L) (flowers blue and white):

Mt. Magnas, Luzon, Edano 19769 (L); Mt. Malinao, Luzon, alt. 800 m,

Edano 34375, 34412 (L); C. Luzon, Loher 4188 (K); Mayon Volcano,

Luzon, alt. 860 m, Mendoza 18289 (L) (flowers violet); Mt. Iriga, Camarines,

Ramos 22205 (K): Lake Polog, Luzon, Ramos 23595 (L); Pauai, Luzon,

Santos 31734 (L).

Celebes: Minahassa alt. 600 m, Koorders 17390 (L).

31. STACHYS LINN.

Stachys Linn. Gen. Pl. ed. 5 (1754) 243, Sp. Pl. (1753) 580; Benth.

in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1208; Brig. in E. & P. Pfl.

Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 260.

Herbs or undershrubs. Leaves opposite, crenate or serrate. False

whorls axillary and in terminal spike-like inflorescence. Calyx

campanulate, 10-nerved; teeth 5, unequal. Corolla usually with a

ring of hairs within; upper lip ascending, concave; lower lip

spreading, 3-lobed, the mid-lobe the largest. Stamens 4, subequal

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 173

ascending; anthers 2-loculate, the locules divaricate (in Malesian

species); filaments glabrous. Style 2-fid, the branches subequal.

Nutlets ovoid, obtuse above, subtriquetrous below.

About 200 species, nearly World-wide, except Australia and

New Zealand. Only one species extends to Malesia.

]. Stachys melissaefolia Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1834) 538, in DC.

Prodr. 12 (1848) 466; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 4 (1885) 675;

Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 188; Back. & Bakh.

f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 624.

Stachys oblongifolia (non Wall. ex Benth.) Back. Fl. Java (em.

ed.) 14 (1944) fam. 201, 57.

Annual herb, erect. Stems 30-60 cm high, rarely branched, often

villous. Leaves thick membranaceous, narrowly elliptic or lanceo-

late, 4-6 cm long, 1.5—-2.5 cm wide, broadly acute, the base trun-

cate or subauriculate, the margins crenate-serrate, densely villose

on the surfaces; petioles about 0.5 cm long. False whorls 4—10-

flowered, in distant upper axils, forming spike-like inflorescence,

to 15 cm long or more; rachis tomentose; bracts narrowly elliptic,

6 mm long. Calyx campanulate, 6—S mm (in fruit 6-7 mm) long,

pilose; the 3 upper teeth slightly longer; the 2 lower teeth highly

joined. Corolla 14-15 mm long, strigose without, the upper lip

5—6 mm long. Nutlets broadly obovoid, flattened, 1.8 mm long,

1.6 mm wide, subtriguetrous.

Type specimen: “in montibus Napalensibus”’, Wallich 2075 B,

(K.).

Distribution: Kashmir to Tibet.

Specimens examined:

Java: G. Gedeh, alt. 1,600 m, Backer 26072 (K, L); G. Gedeh, near

Kertasari, alt. 1,700 m, van Steenis 11657 (L).

This interesting Malesian plant was first identified by Dr. Backer

as Stachys oblongifolia Wall. ex Benth., a species widely distributed

from E. India, China, Korea, Japan to Formosa (type specimen:

Sylhet, E. Pakistan, Wallich 2076/2, K). It differs from the latter in

that the 2 lower calyx-teeth are rather highly connate, and the

bracts subtending the flower are much larger (generally 6 x 2 mm).

The general appearance of this plant, on the other hand, is more

resemblant to the type specimen of Stachys sericea Wall. ex Benth.

(from Kamoon, Nepal, Wallich 2077/2, K) which is unfortunately a

later homonym of Stachys sericea Cav. A species closely related to

S. sericea Wall. ex Benth. is S. melissaefolia Benth. which, accord-

ing to Hooker f. (l.c. 676), is “usually smaller, more slender and

less hairy, silky and leafy than S. sericea’. Hooker f. also pointed

out, “The specimens described by Bentham under the names of

sericea,...melissaefolia, etc. are so mixed up that it is useless to

individualize them”. Mukerjee (l.c. 188) thinks that S. sericea

Wall. ex Benth. and S. melissaefolia Benth. are not specifically

different.

For these reasons, the Malesian plant is tentatively referred to:

Stachys melissaefolia Benth.

174 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

~-=-

S cena

Fig. 31. Stachys melissaefolia Benth.

a. flower; b. bract, c. upper lip of corolla with stamens and portion

of style; d. stamen; e. fruiting calyx; f. the same, expanded; g.

nutlet. (Steenis 11657)

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 175

32. TEUCRIUM LINN.

Teucrium [Tourn.] Linn. Gen. Pl. ed, 5 (1754) 247; Sp. Pl. (1753)

562; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. 2 (1876) 1221; Briq. in

E. & P. Pf. Fam. 4, 3a (1897) 210.

Herbs (in Malesian species). Flowers 2 (in Malesian species) in a

false whorl, forming terminal and axillary spike-like inflorescence.

Calyx 10-nerved, 5-toothed, more or less 2-lipped. Corolla long-

exserted; tube not annulate within; limb 2-lipped, the upper lip

deeply 2-lobed, seemingly absent, the lower lip 3-lobed, in associate

with the two upper lobes forming a 5-lobed piece, spreading and

usuaily concave. Stamens 4, exserted; anthers reniform, 2-loculate,

at length confluent. Disc symmetrical. Style 2-fid, the branches

subequal. Nutlets flattened, sub-triquetrous, rugose or reticulate;

surface of contact large, oblique or lateral.

Species about 100, world-wide in distribution, concentrated in

the Mediterranean regions. 2 species extend to Malesia.

Key to the species

A. Leaves chartaceous, narrowly elliptic to very narrowly ovate,

very unequal; two lateral calyx-teeth much shorter than the

others; corrolla 15-20 mm long.

1. T. quadrifarium

A. Leaves. membranaceous, narrowly ovate to ovate; two lateral

calyx-teeth nearly as long as the others; corolla 5-8 mm long.

2. T. viscidum

1. Teucrium quadrifarium Buch.-Ham. in D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep.

(1825) 108; Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835) 675, in DC. Prodr.

12 (1848) 583; Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. Taihoku Un. II,

2 (1929) 292; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 218.

Erect annual herb, 60-100 cm high; stems and branches velvety

tomentose or villous. Leaves chartaceous, narrowly elliptic to very

narrowly ovate, 6-9 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, bluntly acute, the base

truncate or cordate, often oblique; the margins serrulate, hirsute

and slightly rugose above, densely tomentose beneath; petioles

1-1.5 cm long, the uppermost leaves subsessile. Spurious racemes

axillary and terminal, generally forming panicles 7-10 cm (to 15

cm or more in fruit) long; bracts ovate, acuminate, often smaller

than the calyx. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 3-5 mm long, the upper

tooth ovate, broad, the 2 lower teeth lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm long;

pubescent outside and with a ring of hairs at the throat. Corolla

expanded and recurved, 15-20 mm long. Nutlets ovoid, 1.5 mm

long, 1 mm broad, rugose, dark-brown.

Distribution: Himalayas, Burma, Malesia (Sumatra) to S. China.

Ecology: Common in secondary forest, altitudes 1,300—1,400 m.

Specimen examined:

Sumatra: Boven Takengon, Atjeh, van Steenis 5807 (L), Aug. 1934.

176 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

This interesting specimen from Sumatra, matches quite well

with the descriptions of 7. annandalei Mukerjee (in Rec. Bot.

Surv. Ind. 14, (1940) 219 type: Annandale 138, from Burma), both

perhaps representing a form of T. quadrifarium with a considera-

bly longer corolla-tube.

2. Teucrium viscidum Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 827; Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat.

(1859) 991 (incl. var. densiflora Miq.); Merr. Enum. Philip. 3

(1923) 409: Kudo in Mem. Fac. Sc. & Ag. Taihoku Un. 2, 2

(1929) 295; Mukerj. in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. 14, 1 (1940) 218:

Back. & Bakh. f. Fl. Java 2 (1965) 618.

Teucrium stoloniferum Roxb. Hort. Beng. (1814) 44, nom. nud.,

Fl. Ind. ed. 2, 3 (1832) 3.

Teucrium stoloniferum Hamilt. ex Benth. in Wall. Pl. As. Rar.

1 (1830) 58, Lab. Gen. & Sp. (1835) 674, in DC. Prodr. 12

(1848) 583: Mig. Fl. Ind. Bat. (1859) 990.

—Teucrium philippinense Merr. in Philip. J. Sc. 7 (1912) Bot. 100.

Teucrium stoloniferum Roxb. var. typicum Maxim. in Bull.

Acad. Petersb. 9 (1877) 825, syn. nov.

Melissa indora Hassk. in Hoev. & De Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat.

Gesch. & Phys. 10 (1843) 127; Cat. Hort. Bog. (1844) 132:

Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1859) 969.

Annual herb, erect, 30-60 cm high, often branched and stoloni-

ferous: stems and branches hirsute. Leaves membranaceous,

narrowiy ovate to ovate, 4-7 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, acute or

broadly acute, the base cuneate or round and entire, the margins

elsewhere prominently crenate-serrate, both surfaces with scattered,

weak, white hairs: petioles slender, 1.5-3 cm long. Flowers 2 in a

false whorl, opposite: raceme-like inflorescences terminal and

axillary, 2-3 cm (in fruit up to 10 cm) long, viscous; pedicels 2—3

mm long; bracteoles pilose, lanceolate, 2-3 mm long. Caiyx

campanulate, 2-3 mm long, glandular ciliate, the upper 3 teeth

ovate to triangular, the lower 2 slightly narrower. Corolla exserted,

slender, 5-6 mm long, slightly concave. Nutlets shallowly ridged,

evoid or globoid, 1.5 mm long.

Type specimen: Tugu, Java, Blume 1809 (lecto-type. L).

Distribution: Himalayas, Malesia to China, Formosa and Japan.

Ecology: In forests and in thickets, alt. 800-1,700 m (in Papua,

collected from 4,500 m by Carr).

Specimens examined:

Sumatra: G. Malintang, alt. 1,000 m, Biinnemeyer 4193 (L): G. Talang,

alt. 1,500 m, Biinnemeyer 5340 (L); Koerintji, alt 850 m, Biinnemeyer

7986 (L); Scolak Dras alt. 1,000 m, Robinson & Kloss s.n. March 1914

Sing.); Sandaran Agong, alt. 820 m, Robinson & Kloss s.n. May 1914

(K, Sing.); Baraong baru, Sapan, Robinson & Kloss s.n. June 1914 (K,

Sing.); E. Sumatra, alt. 1,400 m, Schniffner 2487 (L, K).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 177

Fig. 32. Teucrium viscidum Bl. (a-e) and T. quadrifarium Buch.-Ham.

(f-h).

a. flower, b. corolla expanded, showing the stamens and style; c.

bract, d. ovary; e. nutlet (in 2 views); f. flower; g. upper portion of

fruiting calyx expanded; h. nutlet (in 2 views). (a-e, Blume s.n.; f-h,

Steenis 5807)

178 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Java: G. Tjirmai, alt. 900 m, Backer 4841 (L); G. Wilis, alt. 1,250 m,

Backer 11358 (L); Tyjibodas, alt. 800 m, Backer 1344] (L); G. Boerangrang,

alt. 900 m, Backer 14139 (L); Tyjibodas, alt. 1,500 m, Backer 21492 (L);

Tyikidang, alt. 1,000 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 59 (L); Batavia, Tjideroem,

Bakhuizen v/d Brink 2145 (L); Preanger, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 2784 (L);

Batavia, Wanayjasa, alt. 1,000 m, Bakhuizen v/d Brink 4666 (L); Tuku,

Blume 1809 (L, lectotype); Tjibodas, G. Gedeh, Hallier 192 (L); Sindaglaja,

alt. 1,100 m, Holstvoogd 33 (L); Java, Horsfield 1424 (K): Preanger,

alt. 1,000 m, Koorders 14953 (L, K); G. Wilis, alt. 800 m, Koorders 23223

(L), 29767 (L, K); Semarang, Koorders 27788 (L); Java, Lobb 122 (K);

Tosari, Ridley s.n. Jan. 1915 (K); Preanger, alt. 1,000 m, Smith 840 (L);

Java, Zollinger 822 (K).

Lesser Sunda Islands: Lombok, Elbert 1583 (L); Bali, G. Abang,

alt. 1,500-1,600 m, Steenis 8027 (L, K, Sing.); Timor, collector unknown

(L, lectotype of var, densiflorum Miq.); Bali, Mt. Tabanan, de Voogd 1853

(L); E. Lombok, de Voogd 2076 (L).

New Guinea: Papua, Isuarava, alt. 4,500 m, Carr 15338 (L) (fis. lilac,

lvs. fragrant); Wissel Lakes Region, Eyma 4615 (L); Kaiser Wilhelmeland,

Hellwig 626 (K); Trail to Angi gita lake, alt. 1,000 m, Kostermans 2051

(L) (30-50 cm high, fil. purple-pink).

The reduction of Melissa indora Hassk. to the synonym of

Teucrium viscidum Bl. was made by Koorders [Exkurs. Fl. Jav.

3 (1912) 142].

VI. PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL NOTES

The species of Malesian Labiatae, 85 enumerated in this treat-

ment, based on their geographical distribution, can be classified

under 5 categories. After an analysis of each category, the follow-

ing conclusions emerge:

(a) There are about 38 species (or 44.7 per cent) widely distri-

buted from S. Asia (mainly Indo-Himalayan region) to Malesia.

A number of them (e.g. Acrocephalus indicus, Ajuga bracteosa,

etc.) extended to E. Asia (Sino-Japanese region), and very few

(e.g. Basilicum polystachyon, Dysophylla stellata, etc.) reached as

far as Australia.

(6) There are about 30 species (or 35.8 per cent) endemic to

Malesia. Among them some are widely distributed (e.g. Achryo-

spermum densiflorum, Cymaria acuminata, Paraphlomis oblongi-

folia, etc.), others are rather restricted to small areas (e.g. Coleus

macranthus, Elsholtzia elata, Gomphostemma racemosa, etc.).

Nearly all these endemic species, however, belong to the genera

also found in neighbouring regions, especially S. Asia. Only

Acrymia (monotypic) is an endemic genus.

weeds (e.g. all the species of Ocimum, Hyptis) or cultivated plants

becoming more or less naturalized in certain areas (e.g. Coleus

amboinicus, Pogostemon cablin).

Keng — Malesian Labiatae 179

(d) Only 4 species (or 4.7 per cent) are circumscribed to Malesia

(mostly restricted to New Guinea) and Australia. These include:

Anisomeles salviaefolia, Ceratanthus longicornis, Plectranthus

congestus, and Plectranthus parviflorus. They are either the Austra-

lian elements which have migrated into Malesia or the earlier

Asiatic elements which entered Australia, and for unknown

reasons, have disappeared from most parts of Malesia. At least the

present distribution pattern of Ceratanthus appears to be in favour

of the second postulation.

(e) Only 2 species (or 2.3 per cent) are common to Malesia

(confined to Luzon, the Philippines) and E. Asia. They are:

Mosla formosana and Salvia scapiformis. These possibly represent

typical examples of migration of E. Asiatic elements into Malesia

via the Formosa-Philippine track.

To summarize, with reference to Labiatae, the closest floristic

relationships of Malesia are with the Indo-Himalayan region.

This is in accordance with conclusions drawn by Hooker &

Thompson, Miquel, and several others many years ago.

ADDENDUM

After the completion of the manuscript and before the

appearance of the galley proof, three important paper concerning

the genus Dysophylla Bl. have been published. It is decided to add

a detailed footnote in the form of addendum rather than to alter

the printed text. These three papers are by (1) A. El-Gazzar & L.

Watson, (2) H. K. Airy Shaw and (3) R. C. Bakhuizen van den

Brink Jr. and C.G.GJ. van Steenis, in Taxon, 16: 186-189,

189-190, 1967, and 17: 235-236, 1968, respectively. The sequential

and relevant points can be summarized as follows:

a. Following a critical study, the generic differences between

Pogostemon and Dysophylla are re-defined by El-Gazzar and

Watson as:

Pogostemon Desf. — Leaves opposite, ovate or narrowly ovate,

petiolate, usually more or less hairy or tomentose. Calyx

tubular, 5 dentate, Corolla usually subbilabiate, upper lip

trifid, lower entire; sometimes minute (3-6 mm). (Crystals

present in calyx. Aerenchyma absent in stem.)

Dysophylla auctt——Leaves verticillate, 3-10 in a whorl, linear,

sessile and usually glabrous. Calyx tubular, 5-dentate. Corolla

subequally quadrifid. (Crystals usually absent in calyx. Aeren-

chyma present in stem.)

180 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

b. As a result, four species of Dysophylla Blume formerly

classified under section Oppositifolia Bentham (including

Dysophylla auriculatia (L.) Blume and 3 other species not found

in Malesia) which possess opposite leaves, should be transferred

to Pogostemon. Thus:

Pogostemon auricularius (L) Hassk. in Tijdsch. Nat. Geschied.

10 (1843) 127.

Basyn. Mentha auricularia L. Mant. Pl. 1 (1767) 81.

Syn. Dysophylla auricularia (L) Bl. Bijdr. (1826) 825: H.

Keng in Gard. Bull. Singapore 24 (1969) 00.

c. Since Dysophylla auricularia (L.) Bl. is the type species of

Dysophylla, with the transference of it to Pogostemon, therefore

leaving the bulk of the species currently included in Dysophylla

(these include Dysophylla stellata Benth. and about ten other

species formerly classified under section Verticillatae Benth.)

without a generic name. To solve this complication, Airy-Shaw

proposes to use Dysophylla El-Gazzar & Watson as a new generic

name and to assign Dysophylla quadrifolia Benth. as the type

species and followed by a formal proposal for the conservation

of the name. Bakhuizen van den Brink and Steenis, on the other

hand, point out that there is already a iater synonym for

Dysophylla sens. auct., namely Eusteralis Rafinesque (in Fl. Tellur.

2 (1836) 95), therefore suggest that the alternative is to adopt the

latter as the generic name.

d. If Airy Shaw’s proposal is accepted, namely to use Dysophylla

El-Gazzar & Watson as a new generic name and then to conserve

it, the type species, however, in my opinion, should be Dysophylla

stellata (Lour.) Benth., rather than D. quadrifolia Benth. as pro-

posed. The reasons have been discussed in the text.

New records of plant diseases in Sarawak for

the years 1966 and 1967

G. J. TURNER

Department of Agriculture, Sarawak

Plant diseases recorded for the first time in Sarawak and

collected during 1966 and 1967, are given below. The records

include a number of fungi associated with insects or pathogenic

on other fungi. The causal organisms are listed alphabetically

under their individual hosts and unless otherwise stated, have

been recorded only once. In instances where identification has

been: performed at the Commonwealth Mycological Institute, the

Institute Herbarium serial number is given. Three species were

identified at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Achras zapota L. (Sapodilla, Chiku)

Thread blight Marasmiellus scandens

(Mass.) Denis & Reid

Sooty mould M icroxyphium species

Sooty mould Naetrocymbe depressa

Batista

Sooty mould Trichomerium species

Agathis dammara Lamk.

Rust Aecidium fragiforme Ces.

Amaranthus gangeticus L. (Bayam)

Wilt Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Annona squamosa L. (Custard apple)

Leaf spot Corynespora cassiicola

(Berk. & Curt.) Wei

Arachis hypogaea L. (Groundnut)

Leaf rot Choanephora cucurbitarum

(Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt.

On rotting Rhizopus stolonifer

pods (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Lind.

Artocarpus integra Merr. (Jack fruit)

On branches Septobasidium species

Bougainvillea species

Pink disease Corticium salmonicolor

Berk. & Br.

Locally

common

Occasional

Brassica alboglabra Bailey (Kai Lan, Chinese Kale)

Wilt Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. (Pigeon Pea)

Root rot Sphaerostilbe repens

Berk. & Br.

129978b

129978a

129978c

130723

129979

182 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Camellia sinensis (L.) Kunth. (Tea)

Grey blight Pestalotiopsis theae Locally --

(Saw.) Steyaert common

Canarium commune L.

Sooty mould Méicrothyriella species 123517

Carica papaya L. (Papaya)

Fruit rot Choanephora cucurbitarum a

(Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt.

Cassia alata L.

On Shiffnerula Eriomycopsis ugandae 129981a

species Hansford

Sooty mould __ Shiffnerula species Common 129981b

Cassia grandis L.

Seedling leaf | Corticium solani (Prill. & —

blight Delacr.) Bourd. & Galz.

Citrus grandis (L.) Osb. (Pomelo)

Horse hair Marasmius equicrinus —

blight Mill.

Citrus nobilis Lour. (Mandarin)

Horse hair Marasmius equicrinus —_—

blight Mill.

Citrus sinensis Osb. (Sweet orange)

Pink disease Corticium salmonicolor —

Berk. & Br.

Cocos nucifera L. (Coconut)

Associated with Thielaviopsis paradoxa —

die back (De Steynes) Hohn.

Coffea robusta Linden (Robusta coffee)

Brown root Fomes noxius Corner os

disease

Cyrtostachys lakka Becc. (Sealing-wax Palm)

On blighted Botryodiplodia theobromae —

leaves Pat.

Derris elliptica Bent. (Tuba root)

Horse hair Marasmius equicrinus —

blight Mill.

Elaeis guineenis Jacq. (Oil palm)

On seedling Choanephora cucurbitarum —

leaves (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt.

Leaf spot Pestalotiopsis palmarum Occasional 12352?

(Cooke) Steyaert

From blighted Rhizopus stolonifer —_

frond (Ehrenb. ex Fr.) Lind.

Euphorbia species

Thread blight Marasmiellus scandens —

(Mass.) Denis & Reid

Gliricidia sepium Steud.

White root Fomes lignosus (Klotzsh) Occasional _—

disease Bres.

Turner —— Plant Diseases 183

Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg. (Rubber)

Leaf spot Choanephora cucurbitarum _

(Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt.

Powdery Oidium heveae Steinm. Common —

mildew

On dead tree Trametes corrugata Kew Herb.

trunk (Pers.) Bres.

Indigofera teysmannii Miq.

Leaf blight Corticium solani (Prill. Occasicnal —

& Delacr.) Bourd. & Galz.

Branch Irpex flavus Kl. Kew Herb.

die-back

Root disease Poria species Kew Herb.

Languas galanga Stuntze (Galangal, Lengkuas)

Leaf blight Corticium solani Prill. —-

& Delacr. (Bourd. & Galz.)

Leucaena glauca Benth.

Leaf blight Corticium solani (Prill. Occasional —

& Delacr.) Bourd. & Galz.

Luffa cylindrica Roem. (Loofah)

Sooty mould _ Asteridiella confragosa 123516

| (Syd.) Hansf.

Mangifera indica L. (Mango)

Horse hair Marasmius equicrinus -—

blight Mill.

Manihot utilissima Pohl. (Cassava)

Leaf spot Choanephora cucurbitarum —

(Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt.

Metroxylon sagus Rottb. (Smooth sago palm)

Thread blight Marasmiellus scandens —

(Mass.) Denis & Reid .

Metroxylon rumphii Mart. (Spiney sago palm)

Associated with Septoria species 129982

insect damage

Murraya koenigii Spreng (Indian curry leaf)

Pink disease Corticium salmonicolor —

Berk. & Br.

‘Oryza sativa L. (Rice)

Narrow leaf Cercospora oryzae Abundant —

spot Miyake

Smut Neovossia horrida Occasional —

(Tak.) Padwick & A. Khan

Passiflora edulis Sims (Passion fruit)

Wilt Phytophthora parasitica Locally —-

Dast. common

Passiflora quadrangularis L. (Grenadilla)

On Schiffnerula Eriomycopsis species 123518b

mirabilis

Sooty mould Schiffnerula mirabilis 123518a

Hohn.

184 Gardens Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Peperomia sandersii C. DC.

Damping-off Pythium splendens Braun

Phaseolus aureus Roxb. (Green gram)

Wilt Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Phaseolus vulgaris L. (French bean)

Powdery Oidium species

mildew

Piper betle L. (Betel)

Leaf spot Botryosphaeria stevensonii

Shoemaker

Mould on Meliola stenospora Wint.

branches var. major Hansford

Piper nigrum L. (Pepper)

On scale Aschersonia species

insects

Brown root Fomes noxius Corner

disease

Sooty mould Microxyphium species

Pogostemon cablin Benth. (Patchouli)

Wilt Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.

Sesbania aculeata Poir.

On stems Septobasidium species

Sorghum vulgare Pers. (Sorghum)

Grain mould Curvularia pallescens

Boedijn

Wormia suffruticosa Griff. (Simpoh)

Thread blight Marasmiellus scandens

(Mass.) Denis & Reid

Horse hair Marasmius equicrinus

blight Mill.

Zea mays L. (Maize)

Leaf blight Choanephora cucurbitarum-:

(Berk. & Rav.) Thaxt.

Acknowledgements

Occasional --

129977

129980

129983

123519

The writer wishes to thank the Director of Agriculture, Sarawak,

for permission to publish this list, and the Directors and staff of

the Commonwealth Mycological Institute and the Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, without whose help in identifying many of the

species, the list could not have been published.

A revision of Lagerstroemia L. (Lythraceae)

C. X. FURTADO

(Botanic Gardens, Singapore)

and

MONTIEN SRISUKO

(Royal Department of Forests, Thailand)

SUMMARY

Sections: As a result of these studies the Sections given by Koehne

(1903) and generally followed by most botanists have been revised. For

priority reasons Sect. Sibia DC. has been re-established with Velaga as a

synonym, and because of the affinities Koehne’s sect. Pterocalymma has

been made into a subsection of Sibia.

Similarly Adambea DC. has been re-established with Adambeola Koehne

and Muenchhausenia Koehne as synonyms. However, two new subsections

have been added to it:

Subsect. Microcarpidium to include the small flowered and small fruited

species which bear 12-14 superficial ridges to the flower buds and which were

Dlaced by Koehne together with unrelated species of Sibia Subsect. Sibia.

A new subsection Banglamea has been created to include a group species

confined to Indochina and South China, which differs from the species of

Adambea proper in having tomentose sepals in the superior half within.

The sect. Trichocarpidium Koehne has been subdivided into subsections

to distinguish between the species which have glabrous calyces within

(Subsect. Trichocarpidium) from those which are tomentose in the sepals

in the superior half within, Trichosepalum. No species of this section is

found wild in any parts, east of Burma, so that neither L. rottleri Clarke

nor L. hirsuta (Lam) Willd. could actually be wild in India, especially

since from the description they both should be Trichosepalum species which

are limited to Lower Burma, Malaysia, Thailand, Indochina, and Indonesia.

In fact L. rottleri is only a synonym of L. loudonii, a native of Thailand

but widely spread in cultivation. L. hirsuta (Lam) Willd. has been shown

to be a badly drawn figure of L. reginae with a description of the tomentum

of another plant.

New Species:

L. alatulata, L. aruensis, 1. borneensis, L. crassifolia, L. cristata, L.

costa-draconis, L. inopinata, L. langkawiensis, L. moluccana, L. pterosepala,

L. pustulata, L. subangulata.

New varieties or forms:

L. cochinchinensis var. ovalifolia. L. macrocarpa var. refiexa, L. noei

var. longifolia, L. ovalifolia var. apiculata. L. ovalifolia var. exapiculata,

L. ovalifolia var. minor, L. ovalifolia var. novoguineensis, L. ovalifolia

var. riedeliana (Oliv.) comb. nov., L. ovalifolia var. ruptilis, L. piriformis

f. batitinan (Vidal) comb. nov.. L. piriformis var. callosa, L. piriformis

var. valleculata, L. speciosa var. intermedia (Koehne) comb. nov.

Reduced species:

L. engleriana = L. archeriana, L. hirsuta = L. reginea, L. punctulata =

L. speciosa prob., L. rottleri = L. loudonii, L. thorellii = L. duperreana,

L. thomsonii = L. microcarpa, L. lanceolata Brandis & Clarke = L.

microcar pa.

New Name:

L. gagnepainii nom. nov. (basinym L. glabra Gagn.)

DISTRIBUTION: The genus occurs in China, India, Burma, Indo-

china, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Indonesia, Celebes, Borneo, New

Guinea, North Australia and the Philippine Islands. (See map 1 Section

Sibia, Map 2 Section Adambea and Map 3 Section Trichocarpidium.)

Map 4 shows the Forest Regions of Thailand.

*Colombo Plan Senior Fellow, 1965-67, Botanic Gardens, Singapore.

186 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

INTRODUCTION

The junior author, on obtaining a Fellowship from the govern-

ment of the Republic of Singapore, was assigned to make himself

familiar with the taxonomy of the species of Lagerstroemia, a

genus of great economic importance in his native Thailand. As

the literature available in English was rather outdated, he sought

the assistance of the senior author who provided him with a

translation of the “Key to the Species” first from Gagnepain’s

Flore de L’Indochine (II, 1923) and then from Koehne’s revision

in Engler’s Pflanzenreich (17, 1903).

However he was soon faced with new difficulties due partly to

the deficiencies in the keys and the specific descriptions, but mostly

to inadequate definitions of some species that permitted equivocal

interpretations. This meant an inquiry into the types and nomen-

clature of some important species in the genus, involving the need

to borrow material from other herbaria—a task beyond the

competence of the junior author. Hence the senior author decided

to. join him in this inquiry which has resulted in this revision.

Though the specimens from the herbaria of Bogor and Leiden

were not available for consultation, the task was prosecuted with

care so as to make the solutions, where possible, quite definite.

In this paper the specific descriptions in English were drawn

by the junior author who also arranged most of the citations of

the specimens that were not types or their duplicates; the senior

author has been responsible for dealing with the typification or

nomenclatural problems and for the diagnoses in Latin.

LAGERSTROEMIA Linnaeus

Trees or shrubs. Leaves often opposite, distichous, entire.

Paniches axillary and terminal. Flowers often showy; calyx tube

funnel shaped or campanulate, smooth or hairy, grooved, angular

or subulate; the lobes 6, sometimes 7—9, ovate, subacute, valvate:

petals 6 or more, inserted at the summit of the calyx tube, clawed,

wrinkled; stamens many, inserted near the bottom of the calyx

tube, the filaments long, slender, exserted; ovary subglobose or

ellipsoid, sessile, 3-6 celled, the style long, bent, the stigmas

capitate, the ovule very many, ascending, the placenta axile.

Capsule more or less adnate to the calyx, globose or ellipsoid,

smooth or hairy, 3-6 celled, 3-6 valved. Seeds many, elongate

and winged.

Sections and Subsections

Early authors were not very particular in distinguishing between

sections and subgenera unless both these infrageneric subdivisions

occurred under the same genus. Thus Blume (1852) and Miquel

(1855) regarded De Candolle’s (1826) sections as equivalent to

their subgenera, while Koehne (1883 and 1903) treated all these

taxa as sections when published. Nevertheless, the last mentioned

author rejected all the earlier sectional names or reduced some

of them to subsections, but only to adopt new sectional or sub-

sectional names, on the plea that older generic names have priority

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 187

in considering names to sections or subsections. However, under

the modern Code of Botanical Nomenclature, validly published

names of supra specific rank are not priorable for the taxa of

another rank. Thus names like Munchausia L. (1770), Ptero-

calymma Turcz. (1846) and Velaga Gaertn. (1791), though valid

and priorable as generic names, cannot be included in considering

the priority of names for the sections and subsections of the

genus Lagerstroemia L.

In some cases old generic names were adopted for sections

interpreted in a different sense from that indicated by the protolog.

Thus the monotypic generic name Munchausia L. (1770) based

on a plant producing a 12-furrowed calyx was later (1771)

adopted by Linnaeus himself to a species having a smooth calyx,

and De Candolle (1826) adopted Munchausia as a sectional name

to the latter taxon and defined it accordingly. Hence there is

no justification in trying to typify Section Munchausia DC. on

the original type of the genus. In view of this no attempt has

been made in tracing the history and the “‘prehistoric’” types of

the names redefined as sections like Adambea, Pterocalymma,

Sibia, etc.

I. Ovary glabrous:

Al. Calyx ridges as many as the sepals or reduced to warts or

auricles

Sect. ~SIBIA — a

al. Calyx ridges slightly developed, often disappear later

in the calyx tube without any warts or auricles

Subsect. Sibia

a2. Calyx ridges distinct, angular or reduced to auricles

Subsect. Pterocalymma

A.2 Calyx ridges twice the number of sepals (12 or more)

Sect. ADAMBEA — b

bl. Flower buds and fruits generally large, ridges dis-

tinct, sepals glabrous within

Subsect. Adambea

b2. Flower buds small, ridges clear but superficial, sepals

glabrous within, fruit much smaller

Subsect. Microcarpidium

b3. Flower buds or fruits generally small; ridges as in

bl or reduced to warts, sepals tomentose or pubescent

in the superior half within

Subsect. Banglamea

II. Ovary tomentose:

Sect. TRICHOCARPIDIUM

cl. Calyx lobes glabrous within

Subsect. Trichocarpidium

c2. Calyx lobes tomentose in the superior half within

Subsect. Trichosepalum

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

188

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Furtado — Lagerstroemia 189

Section Sibia

Section Sibia DC. in Mem. Sec. Helv. III, 2 (1826) 70 et. Prodr.

III (1828) 93; Bl... Mus. Lugd. Bat. II (1856) 125 (subgen.)

Velaga Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. I (1856) 622 & 1090 (subgenus); Clarke

in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. II (1879) 575 (sect.); Koehne in Engl.

Jahrb. IV (1883) 15 & Engl. Pflanzenr. 17 = IV 216 (1903) 257.

Ovary glabrous, ridges as many as the sepals.

Both Sibia and Velaga were described for flowers having a

smooth calyx, but actually the ridges are as many as the sepals

even in both the syntypes, but generally they become obscure

and do not produce either conspicuous ridges or auricles as in

the subsection Pterocalymma.

Section Munchhausia DC. was based on a misidentification of

L. speciosa (Pers.) L. with L. indica L. and L. grandiflora Roxb.

(species of Duabanga). In 1856 Blume excluded L. speciosa from

the section or subgenus reserving it to L. grandiflora Roxb. only,

see synonymy under Adambea.

DISTRIBUTION: India, North Burma and Eastern Himalayan

regions, China and Japan.

TYPE SPECIES: Lagerstroemia indica L.

Subsection Sibia

Calyx ridges superficial, sometimes evanescent in the tube.

la. Leaves oblong or obovate, sessile or almost

so, not glaucous beneath. Flower-buds

globose, 5-6 mm long, superficially ridged.

Capsule about 10 mm long, 8 mm in

diam., 4-6 valved

. indica

lb. Leaves often glaucous beneath, sessile or

not, ovate or elliptic. Flower-buds much

smaller, 2-3 mm in diam. Capsule 10-12

mm long or longer

2a. Leaves variable, distinctly petiolate, glab-

rous or pubescent beneath, elliptic, nar-

rowed on both sides, up to 6 cm broad,

broadest portion just below the middle.

Fruiting calyx tube small, about 2 mm

deep. Capsules 10-12 mm long, 6-8 mm

in diam., 34 valved

.. microcarpa

2b. Leaves variable, glabrous or downy beneath,

sessile or subsessile, ellipsoid, oblong or

ovate oblong, usually about 3 cm broad,

rarely broader. Fruiting calyx tube 6-9

mm deep or longer. Capsule 1.3 mm long

or longer, 1-1.5 cm in diam

—

.. parviflora

190 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

|. Lagerstroemia indica L. Arn. Acad. IV (1759) 137, Syst. PI.

ed 10 (1760) 1076 & sp. Pl. ed 2 (1762) 732; Thunb., Fl. Jap.

(1784) 224: Lour., Fl. Cochin (1790) 340; Curtis Bot. Mag. XII

(1798) t. 405; DC in Mem. Soc. Helv. III (1826) 70 et Prodr.

IIT (1828) 93; Wight, 111. I (1840) t. 88; Voigt. Hort. Sub. Calc

(1845) 131; Blanco. Fl. Filip. ed. 3 Il (1878) 219 t. 207; Clarke

in Hk. f., Brit. Ind. Hl (1879) 575; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb.

IV (1883) 19 in Engl. Prantl, Pflanzenf. II], 7 (1891) 13 f. SA-O0

& Pflanzenr. 17 = IV 216 (1903) 259 fig. 5S5A-0.; Merr., Int.

Rumph. Herb. Amb. (1918) 381; Lourteig, Fl. Parag. (1963)

17 t. VI. — Fig. 1.

A shrub. Leaves obovate or ovate-oblong, 5-7 nerved, 3—10

cm long, 2-4 cm broad, chartaceous, minutely pubescent on both

sides when young, later glabrous above or almost so, sometimes

pubescent along the midrib and the side nerves below; petiole

subsessile about 1 mm long. Panicle subpyramidal with many or

few-flowered, not condensed, 5-20 cm long, 7-20 cm_ broad,

deciduously puberulous all over with angled branchlets. Flower-

bud sub-globose, with a short nipple at apex, 5-6 mm long,

5-6 mm broad, 5-6 superficially ridged, ridges often evanescent

in the upper half, variable in length of pedicelliform base (2—10

mm long). Calyx campanulate, 3-4 mm deep, 5-6 mm broad;

lobes 4-6 erect, triangular, 3-4 mm long, annulate inside. Petal

sub-orbicular +11 mm long (excluding +7 mm long claw), +12

mm broad, undulate and crispate in the margin. Stamens many,

4-6 stouter and longer, others subequal. Ovary subglobose, glab-

rous with a long slender style. Fruiting calyx funnel-shaped or

cup-shaped with about 7 mm long pedicelliform base, often having

a cavity-like at the sinus. Capsule variable in size +10 mm long,

+8 mm in diam., 4-6 valved.

DISTRIBUTION: Himalayan Regions, China, Indochina and

Japan, widely cultivated all over the world.

This species is very variable regarding the shape and size of the

flowers and leaves, the colour of the petals, the hairiness of the

leaves, so that many authors have attempted to separate varieties

or forms. Thus Koehne (1883) have described two forms, latifolia

and angustifolia on the width of the leaves, while Voigt has three

varieties, rosea, lilacina and alba, on the colour of the petals.

Other forms described in horticultural books have often been

ignored. Koehne has discarded var. pallida Benth. as not being

distinct.

Actually several cultivars can be separated using different

characters, but for this purpose the type form described by

Linnaeus has to be identified; or if it is merely based on Rumphian

Herb. Amb. VII (1755) 61 t. 28. the cultivar of the latter will

have to be established.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 191

N\\\y

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 1. L. indica Linn. (Forrest 6,580 in EB).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower to show stamens. C, Longitudinal section

of flower. D, Petal. E-F, Capsule. G, Seed.

192 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Tsang 27,831 from Kwangsi, China, might be mistaken for a

small flowered variety of L. indica, but the facts that its flower-

buds show 12 superficial ridges in the early stages and that the

episepalous ridges do not entirely disappear with the growth

indicate that we are dealing with a hybrid of L. indica with a

microcarpidium species with 12-14 ridges. The leaves are glabrous

and sessile, and often are broader above the middle.

2. Lagerstroemia microcarpa Wight. Ic. Pl. I (1838) t. 69 obs. &

(1839) t. 109 & Ill. Bot. I (1840) 206: Bedd., Fl. Sylv. (1869)

t. 30; stat. nov. — Figs. 2a, 2b.

L. lanceolata Wall. Cat. (1828) n. 2120; Wight & Arn., Prodr.

I (1834) 309 pp. nom nudum; Clarke in Hf. f., Fl. Brit. Ind.

II (1879) 576; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 16 & Engl.,

Pflanzenr. 17 =IV. 216 (1903) 257; Cooke, Fl. Bomb. I (1903)

513; Brandis, Ind. Trees (1911) 338 p.p.; Gamble, Fl. Madr. |

(1919) 513; Troup, Silv. Ind. Trees II (1921) 602; Gamble, Man.

Ind. Timb. (1922) 372 (non. L. lanceolata Dalz. et Gibs., Bombay

Fl., 1861 p. 98; Bedd. Fl. Sylv. 1869 t. 32; Brandis, For. Fl., 1874

p. 240 = L. parviflora Roxb.)

L. thomsonii Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenr. op. cit. (1903) 257;

Gamble, Fl. Madr. I (1919) 513; syn. nov.

L. parviflora Roxb. var. B. Wight & Arn. Prodr. I. (1834) 308

A tree 10-15 m or more tall. Leaves 5—11 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm

broad, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous above, glabrous or

pubescent beneath, acuminate or sometimes acute, rarely obtuse

at the apex, gradually cuneate towards the base, sometimes oblique,

6-8 nerved on each side; petiole 3-10 mm long. Panicle terminal

and axillary, sub-pyramidal, 10-35 cm long, 5-25 cm _ broad,

minutely grey pubescent all over; flowers sessile. Flower bud

subglobose about 2 mm long, 2 mm in diam., more or less callused

at each sinus, nippled at the apex. Calyx campanulate 2 mm deep,

2-3 mm broad, borne on about | mm long, pedicelliform base;

lobes 6, triangular, 1-1.5 mm long, patent or reflexed. Petal

oblong or elliptic oblong, 4-5 mm long (including 1 mm long

claw), 1.5-3 mm broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens many,

4-6 thicker and longer, the others sub-equal. Ovary glabrous,

oblong or subglobose surmounted with a long slender style.

Fruiting calyx cup-shaped about 2 mm deep, 5 mm in diam.,

brownish pubescent, lobes reflexed and often break out. Capsule

10-12 mm long, 6-8 mm in diam.. elliptic or oblong-elliptic,

usually 3-4 valved.

INDIA: Konkan & North Kanara, Yellapur (Bor 9.681: SING):

Lahaghat (Rolla 69,717: BIP); Karjat (Fernandes 101: A):

Lahgarh Hill (Jain 903: BIP; Raghavan 79,550: BIP); loc. incert.

(Talbot 60: CAL; Young s.n.: BM); Goa (Kanodia 88,166,

88,423 & 89,655; BIP; Raghavan 103,369: BIP: Fernandes 1,365

& 1,622: A); Kumpta (Fernandes 177: A); Belgaum (Ritchie

s.n.: E 277: E; Econ. Prod. file 162: CAL). Western Ghats, Mysore

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 193

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 2a. L. microcarpa Wight (Cleghorn 130: E).

A, Fertile twig. B, Twig with capsules. C, Flower after anthesis.

D, Longitudinal section of flower. E, Flower bud.

194 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 2b. L. microcarpa Wight (Wight 275 in E & 1,035 = Wall. Cat.

2119—g. in E— holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B, Twig with capsules. C, Twig with mature cap-

sules. D, Flower after anthesis. E, Longitudinal section of flower.

F, Seed. G, Flower bud. H, Petal.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 195

(Barber 7.079: CAL: Meebold 10,276: E: Raghavan 97,363: BIP:

Mahajan 34,522: BIP; Thomson s.n.: K-holotype of L. thomsonii);

Coimbatore (Fischer 2,027: CAL); Attapadi Hills (Fischer 2,775:

CAL); Nilghiri (Gamble 18,353: BM; 15,371: K; & Thomson

s.n.: G.H.); Courtallum (Wight 1035 = Wall. Cat. no. 2119-g:

E-holotype; & 275: E & 299: E); loc. incert. (probably Courtallum:

Wight Kew distr. no. 971: A, GH & K). Malabar Travancore

(Calder & Ramaswami 651: CAL); loc. incert. (Stocks & Law:

s.n.: E); Tenmalai in Kerala (Subramaniar 77,075: BIP).

In naming L. microcarpa (1838) Wight noted that it is his

L. parviflora var. B from Courtallum only. He mentioned that the

fruit is shorter than the calyx, which is seen in immature fruits,

but his plate t. 106 depicts larger fruits. L. lanceolata Wall. was

a nomen nudum in Wallich’s Catalogue (1828) n. 2120 and was

not validated until 1861 when Dalzell & Gibson (Bombay FI. p. 98)

applied it to a broader leafed form of L. parviflora Roxb., an

interpretation upheld also by Beddome (FI. Sylv. 1869 p. t. 32) &

Brandis (For. Fl. 1874 & 1,240). This being the case L. lanceolata

Wall. ex Clarke (1879) cannot be made a priorable name by

rejecting the priority of L. microcarpa Wight. and ignoring an

earlier homonym.

In old collections preserved in Kew and elsewhere one often

finds two collections mounted on the same sheet. Thus Wight’s

collection distributed by Kew under Kew d. no. 971 (which are

probably duplicates of Wight’s Courtallum specimens number

299. collected in February 1836) is sometimes found mounted with

a broad leafed specimens collected in Coorg in March 1852 by

a different collector. Similarly Wight n. 1035 (holotype or isoholo-

type of L. microcarpa in Herb. E. is found mounted with another

specimen which is probably Wight 1034 = L. parviflora Roxb.

The species is deciduous and one finds leaves varying in size,

texture, colour and even indumentum so that there is no doubt

that these are merely ecological forms. Leaves glabrous or

tomentose beneath are found on the same tree and forest

botanists (e.g. Beddome) who have studied the species in the

field also, have noted these varying characters. Hence there is no

reason to keep L. thomsonii as a good species.

3. Lagerstroemia parviflora Roxb., Pi. Cor. I (1795) 47 t. 66;

DC.. Prodr. II (1828) 93; Roxb., Fl. Ind. II (1832) 505: Don.

Gen., Syst. II (1832) 724; Wight & Arn., Prodr. I (1834) 308

p.p.; Wight, Ic. Pl. I (1840) t. 69; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. I (1855)

622: Bedd., Fl. Sylv. I (1869) t. 31; Brand., For. Flor. (1874)

239; Kurz, For. Fl. Burma I (1877) 521; Clarke in Hook. f.,

Fl. Brit. Ind. Il (1879) 575; Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. IV (1883)

17 & Engl., Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 258; Cooke, FI.

Bomb. I (1903) 512: Brand., Ind. Trees (1911) 338 — Figs. 3a,

3b.

L. lanceolata Wall. ex. Dalz. & Gibbs., Bomb. Fl. (1861) 98;

Bedd., Fl. Sylv. I (1869) t. 32; Brand., For. Fl. (1874) 240 (non

L. lanceolata sec. Clarke) syn. nov.

196 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

L. parviflora var, 5 Wright & Arn., Prodr. I (1834) 308.

L. parviflora Roxb. var. 6 in Wight & Arn. loc. cit. (1834) 308

p.Pp.

L. parviflora var. benghalensis Clarke op. cit. IL (1879) 576;

Sym. nov.

L. parviflora var. majuscula Clarke op. cit. p. 575.

L. parviflora Roxb. subsp. nudinervis Koehne op. cit. (1883)

18 & (1903) 259; syn. nov.

L. parviflora subsp. pubinervis Koehne op. cit. (1883) 18:

Syn. nov.

L. parviflora var. napaulensis (DC.) Koehne op. cit. (1903) 258:

syn. nov.

L. fatioa Bl., Mus.-Lugd. Bat. II] (1852) 125: syn. nov.

Fatioa napaulensis DC., Prodr. II (1828) 89 & in Mem. Soc.

Helv. I (1828) 97 t. 3; Don., Gen. Syst. II (1832) 717: syn. nov.

Type: INDIA: Coromandel: Circars (Roxburgh in EB).

A tree. Leaves elliptic or ovoid or elliptic-oblong, 4-11 cm

long, 3-5.2 cm broad, acute or obtuse at apex, rounded or obtuse

or slightly decurrent when young at the base, often with undulate

margin coriaceous, glabrous with minutely pubescent mid-rib

above, whitish glaucous downy beneath, side nerves 6-8 on each

side; petioles short or almost absent, often covered with whitish

down, rounded, 0.1-0.4 cm long. Inflorescence paniculate 5-20 cm

long, with opposite cymes on branchlets; bracts leafy, elliptic-

oblong; bracteoles 2; flowers pedicellate in two or three on each

axillary peduncle on lateral branchlets; pedicels rather long,

slender 0.5-1.5 cm long; buds globose without ribs, whitish

puberulent, 2-3 cm in diam. Calyx cup-shaped glabrous inside,

4-7 mm long, without rib, minutely puberulent outside; lobes 6,

triangular, shortly acuminate at apex. almost equal to the tube.

Petals small, orbicular, deciduous 3.5 mm long with small slender

claws 2 mm broad, undulate. Stamens many, inserted at the base

of the calyx tube. Ovary globose, glabrous; style slender, 6-7 mm

long, bent; stigma small. Fruiting calyx 6-9 mm long or larger,

1 cm in diam., minutely puberulent. Capsule oblong ellipsoid,

coriaceous, glabrous, 1.5 cm long, 1 cm in diam.; sometimes

larger exceeding 2.5 cm long and 1.5 cm in diam., stalks long

2.3-5 cm., rounded at apex.

INDIA: Western India and Ghats: loc. incert. (Watt’s Coll: E);

Kolaba (Vain 3,416: BSI); Senhagadh (Puri 9,258 BSI); Poona

Hills (Coll. of Sc. Poona: E); Belgaum (Ritchie 949: E & GH

& 949/6: E, & 276: E): Konkan and Malabar (Stocks et al. s.n.:

GH; Nilgiri Hills (Wight 1,035 = Wall. Cat. 2119 h: E; Hooker

furtado — Lagerstroemia 197

YN) "2

D ‘¥ 5mm

JURAIMI DEL. /

Fig. 3a. L. parviflora Roxb. (A: Roxburgh s.n in Circar: E; B — G;

Roxburgh s.n.: E-holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower after anthesis. D, longi-

tudinal section of flower. E, Petal. F, Part of calyx dissected. G,

eaf

198 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

0 Ye

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 3b. L. parviflora Roxb. (Range Officer 3 in SING).

A, Twig. B, Fertile twig. C, Longitudinal section of flower. D, Twig

with capsules.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 199

s.n.: E, GH & A; Cleghorn in 1857: E; Thomson s.n.: CAL);

Salem (Yeshoda 566: A & 154: B); Mysore (Rolla 73,457: BSD):

‘Carnatic (Thomson s.n.: E); Droog (Cleghorn s.n.: E); Madras

— Garden, Cult. Cleghorn: E). North and Central India:

Sharanpur (McGollan 1,270: E); Berar (Wittenbaker et al. 11,

& 13 & 23: E); Bampada (Hooper 38, 825: CAL); Oudh at

Kheri (Inayal s.n.: E); Posserah (Campbell in May 1836: E);

Pokhusia (Campbell = Watt’s 8,406: E). N.W. India: (Stewart

in 1871: E); Baulapilly (Campbell 402: E); Chota Nagpur (Clarke

25,072: E). Andhra State North: Godavari Distr. (Ramaswami

1,459: CAL); Kurnool Distr. (Gamble 17,697: CAL); Ganjam

(Gamble 14,221: CAL); loc. incert. prob. Circar (Wight 968:

‘GH; Roxburgh s.n.: E holotype et Roxburgh per Wight s.n.:

E; Wight 1,034: E). Eastern Himalaya: (India & Pakistan) loc.

incert. (Lace 2,358: E; Hooker s.n.: GH); Nepal (Wallich s.n.:

GH — isoholotype of Fatioa nepalensis apparently; Wallich 2,119.

a: E; Wallich 2,119 b, from cultivated plants: GH); Sikkim,

Khasya & Juntea (Prains Coll: E; Mann. s.n.: E; Gallatly s.n.:

E); Kumaon (Strachey and Winterbottom 2,012: GH).

BURMA: loc. incert. (Dickason 6,152: A; Buchanan 107 &

‘77B: E; Lace 4,217: E; Forest: 9,178 & 9,648: E; Toppin 2,574:

E & CAL).

SMALLEST FRUITS: Hort. Bot. Bogor cult. sub. No. VII D.

18 (SING).

LARGE FRUITS: N. Bengal (Biswas 1,628: A); Nepal,

‘Talkot (Ram. 208: A & UC); Jajalkot (Polunin, Sykes &

Williams 5,796: A). West Coast of India, Bombay State at Karjat

(Fernandes 39 & 257: A); Goa (Raghavan 103,370: BSI). Central

& North India: Behar (Watt 26: E); Indore (Rao 79,221: BSD);

Andhra, Baulapilly (Wight 2,311: E).

LARGEST FRUITS & LEAVES LARGER, OBLONG,

CORIACEOUS: Bombay at Kayat (Fernandes 39: A). Goa:

(Raghavan 103,370: BSI); Belgaum? Dandelly (Ritchie 276/a:

GH). Aundrugah (Prain: SING).

Leaves downy pubescent below especially on the midrib; at

anthesis 13-65 mm long, later 35-118 mm long; calyx minutely

puberulous; fruit smaller 15 mm long or less.

There are extremely few specimens that are entirely glabrous,

and in some collections the different components of the same

collection both pubescent and glabrous leafed specimens may be

found in one and the same collection, a reason why Koehne cites

the same numbers under both his subspecies. The holotype itself

was described as being “covered with whitish down’, and the

Specimens marked above as an apparent holotype and Wight

968 are both pubescent beneath.

200 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Kanjilal and his co-workers who studied Assamese plants

including also from the mountainous regions stated that they

could not recognise the varieties of Clarke since variations in

the size of the fruits and in the pubescence or glabrescence of

the leaves were noticed even in his area.

This species is widely distributed and it is known to accom-

modate itself to a variety of soils and even humidity, being

intolerant of shade and waterlogging (cf. Troup, Sch. Ind. Trees

II, 1921 p. 593); also it is a deciduous tree. Hence a great deal

of variation it shows is probably a result of variations in the

soil, climatic and growth conditions and probably also a response

to some grades of shade. It is impossible to separate specimens

on any one or more characters; though it is seen that the

specimens from very high altitudes have leaves which are

generally hairy underneath and a wavy or crispate margin. Also

the fruits are generally smaller. The smallest fruit seen was in

the specimen from a cultivated plant in the Gardens of Bogor.

Indonesia.

Subsection Pterocalymma

Subsection Pterocalymma (Turcz.) Furtado & Montien stat nov

Secion Pterocalymma (Turcz.) Koehne in Engl. Jahrb IV (1883)

22 & Engl.

Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 266 isonym.

Genus Pterocalymma Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscou XIX (1846)

50 basinym.

Trees, occasionally shrubs. Leaves opposite or almost opposite,

entire, generally short petioled, occasionally petiole as long as

2 cm. Inflorescence lateral or terminal panicles, pyramidal or

cylindrical (with short lateral branches), often on long, sometimes

on very short axis. Flowers generally showy. Flower bud

subglobose, piriform or turbinate, smooth, grooved, ridged or

winged, or merely auriculate or warted through the suppression

of the ridges; lobes 6—9, deltoid, valvate in the bud, sometimes.

also mammillate. Petals 6 or more, inserted at the base of the

sinus within, clawed, wrinkled within the bud. Stamens many,

exsert, those opposed to sepals, few, larger and long, those

opposite to petals, numerous, inserted in the tube above the base.

Ovary sessile, 3-6 celled, style piliform, curved in the bud, longer

than stamens; stigma terminal, capitate or nearly so; ovules

many, axile. Capsule more or less, adnate to the calyx, ellipsoid.

ovoid or globoss, dehiscent 3-6 valved. Seed many, elongate and

winged.

DISTRIBUTION: From India, China and Japan southward

to Malaysia, the Indonesian Archipelagos and North Australia, but

absent from Ceylon.

The leaves on the lower half of the twigs are often small and

of different shapes, sometimes even obovate or almost orbicular.

TYPE SPECIES: Lagerstroemia paniculata (Turcz.) Vidal.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 201

Key to the species

(Caiyx with angular ridges or wings as many as sepals or

sometimes provided with an auricle only at each sinus.)

la.

1b.

2a.

2b.

3a.

3b.

4a.

4b.

2a.

Sb.

6a.

6b.

7a.

Tb.

8a.

8b.

9a.

9b.

Ridges nearly absent or very slight in flower buds, but provided with

B long. BUriCIe -atvewem Sis!s..0.0). 00. 2k. Dw aha. Ge L. venusta.

Ridges or wings prominent, straight or undulate or crispate in flower

DUS) ato times aieesSMOTthy | Auriculate. cs .ees 0nd is cocssviensceempanirsewerss- 2

Petals lanceolate, oblanceolate or elliptic, with the claw up to 6 mm

TEA TIPCRUIGITIE CUMMEUS CEA WROTE cis pooch bn caccs s cos cvccnen gab sunbene Hpvshaees 3.

Petals rounded or nearly rounded, with the claw 6-18 mm long...... 4.

Inflorescence 3-8 cm long, branchlets often in the axils of leaves;

axis and.calyx hirsutely grey pubescent. Petals lanceolate or elliptic

1.5-3 mm long, not with undulate margin. Leaves greenish grey,

ovate 6-11 cm long, similarly hairy on both sides at first, later

glabrescent with persistent pubescence on the midrib above and also

on side nerves and reticulations below .......................0005 L. villosa.

Inflorescence long, with long basal branches provided with bracts or

reduced leaves; axis and calyx minutely pubescent, dark yellowish

brown, eventually becoming dark brown. Petals oblanceolate with

Sinuate margins, 4-6 mm long. Leaves elliptic 3-4 cm long, at first

minutely hairy on both sides, later glabrous or puberulous on

RR ee Be Mas te ons a Samant vcs case ss an L. subangulata.

Fruit over 19 mm long or more, 12 mm or more in diameter ......... 5.

Fruit smaller, 12-18 mm long, 9-14 mm in diameter .................. 8.

Leaves glabrous, epunctate or pustulate, greenish. Fruiting calyx

ochraceous tomentose or puberulous green with 6 non-sinuate

megehd 26. deh doris. aliens). lassqoads-taranlec. wyday--a0sisese6d-. a 6.

Leaves dark, punctate, pubescent especially on the lateral nerves and

midrib beneath. Fruiting calyx dark, minutely white puberulous, 6-9

ridged in the same inflorescence (ridges sinuate especially at the base,

sepals patent). Fruit elliptic or ovate-elliptic 23 mm long, 14 mm in

diameter, rounded or slightly apiculate at apex or not .....................

“ers STL Bras AS fart ak ea eT PE OPE EELS LT eR EELS ee eee Ee L. ovalifolia.

(OR a ee ne ee | a ee var. ovalifolia..

mp Germania) thlasits>. ac urad. od J yieiictia. abelais..acl} var. exapiculata.

Fruit 19 mm long, 12-14 mm in diameter with its calyx lobes reflexed.

Leaves concolorous, 7-10 cm long; petiole + 1.5 mm long ............

Kae TA. A te ae Pe aaTh. cheeses L. subsessilifolia.

Fruit larger with calyx lobes patent or erect over 19 mm long. Leaves.

paler beneaur, pecore 4-16 nm lotie’ 0... RA %

Fruit 25 mm long, 20-22 mm in diameter. Leaves pustulate 12 cm-

17 cm long, 7 cm broad; petiole 5-10 mm long. Calyx pustulate,

minutely pubescent, grey, dirty brown in fruit ..............................

ee Ni aie nicki Mae 5 ishaluts sharin et L. pustulata (San. 2006).

Fruit 19-23 mm long, 17-20 mm in diameter. Leaves not pustulate,

10-14 cm long, 3—5.4 cm broad; petiole 4 mm long. Fruiting calyx

ochraceous tomentose, not pustulate ..................... L. quinquevalvis.

Calyx ridges slightly sinuate crispate or not in tube, not auriculate

Ses, em NN A... CACTI, . AAU tiene Rese eecah fede vetlel. eel AGRE dod habees. 12.

Calyx ridges crispate or crispate undulate, even above the sinuses

sina atisreuiate (TKS at the Ging bi licks. .bosag odes as bas Loiseh oaiessendi... 9.

Leaves giabrous above, glabrescent and dotted beneath when aduit 11.

Leaves hairy on both sides, not dotted beneath, hairs persistent on

Se Se ETL. RE. RTA TEIN. W001. calenico.. Quid iain. 10.

202

10b.

lla.

11b.

12a.

12b.

13a.

13b.

14a.

14b.

1Sa.

15b:

16a.

16b.

Lda:

17b.

18a.

18b.

19a.

19b.

‘20a.

20b.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Leaves 6-10 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm broad, shining above. Calyx ridges

almost orbicularly and undulately auriculate at the sinus, abruptly

narrowed into thickened bands on both sides of the sutures of the

sepals ii» thie, (brid; BDOVE,.. 1 beespar > deme col tone Pea tseeers L. undulata.

Leaves 6-10 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm bread, shining above. Calyx ridges

in the bud broadly auriculate and crispate at the sinus, gradually

narrowed along both sides of the suture above ............... L. crispa.

Calyx ridge in the bud enlarged at the sinus and then gradually

narrowed along the suture toward the bud-apex. Leaves dull above,

greenish brown beneath, 8-17 cm long, 3-7 cm broad, lanceolate

or oblong-elliptic, 8-11 nerved. Petiole 5-10 mm long. Petal oblong,

6-7 ‘mm. long, 3-4. mm-beoad wots See. eee L. paniculata.

Calyx ridges not auriculate at the sinus convexly dilated along the

sutures of the flower bud. Leaves shining above, light or greyish

green beneath, elliptic or obovate elliptic, 5-8 cm long, 2.5-5 cm

broad, 5—7 nerved. Petiole 1-3 mm long. Petal rhomboid, 11 mm

long,”*'S “nami broad aU Se i Be AOR. BQ. L. pterosepala.

Leaves reddish beneath, elliptic, acute or obtuse, rarely lanceolate

ANG) CAUGALE as cine acs cia. +-seebeeibenncpa peewee ieee, alberta: dieses 13.

Leaves greenish on both sides, often lanceolate, long acuminate or

caudate. Fruiting calyx abruptly narrowed into a long base......... 19.

‘Fruiting calyx abruptly narrowed into a long base ..................... 18.

Fruiting calyx gradually narrowed towards the base or abruptly into

S VETY SHOP DABS 5... 000d: aces spss wagexasebanns-okuegecent eee t pate 14.

Fruiting calyx lobes conspicuously winged along the margins, wings

folded backwards. (Flower bud with raised sutures) .................. 15.

Fruiting calyx lobes slightly thickened along the margins, not con-

spicuously winged. (Flower bud ridges not conspicuously raised

AIOUS SULUICS) ... ...-ncsns«psbadunmsneiassnk *aalcer > aentinbancieete aie eee 16.

Fruiting calyx almost obconical. Capsule almost flat at top, rostrate

with 1.5 mm long beak. Leaves ovate or oblong, obtuse or obtusely

acute, 6-9 cm long, 3-7 cm broad ............... L. ovalifolia var. minor.

Fruiting calyx often elongated into a pedicelliform base. Capsule

oblong or subglobose, 12-14 mm long, with a beak about 0.5 mm

long. Leaves elliptic, oblong, 3-7 cm long, 2-4 cm broad, smaller

ones obovate or almost orbicular ...... L. ovalifolia var. novoguineensis.

Calyx wings fall off very early in the development of the fruit so

as to make the ridges straight in fruiting calyx. (Capsule apparently

curvedly narrowed towards the apex, shortly nippled.) Calyx obconical

aie va teeeiaacee ten eaeetos Or etna at eee oe eee L. ovalifolia var. ruptilis.

foalyx, TIMBERS OLNGPOISE «oss 0s ines crcis a etpee sah cen « a2 ~sphe eee 17.

Fruiting calyx obconical, slightly elongated at base. Ridges of flower

buds slightly undulate. (Capsule with 1-2 mm long beak) ............

POPE ES Se ey oe ce ee te L. ovalifolia var. riedeliana.

Fruiting calyx almost cupular with short abruptly pedicelliform base.

Ridges of the flower buds straight. (Capsule with 2 mm long beak)

bc cecscelaasicacses saa bvces de oct beesbms Babies Gee aes Gn Ui, iM ONnOL Gly UmnenEr Ne:

Fruiting calyx lobes erect. Leaves chartaceous ............ L. borneensis.

Calyx ridges raised along the sutures in the bud ..................... 20.

or i ridges not raised or almost obscure along the sutures in the

TOUR ner ias cs cate acy nd cng nen op onde | eee ener ce ee fa é

Flower bud club shaped, excluding the pedicelliform base, the tubular

portion almost equal to cupola. Ridges in the bud slightly desinent

at the sinus, but raised and sulcate along the suture below the apex

74 sts oeysyrg 09¢4 anal “ophhan meen « teettenly, eget: aul am eRenal: deel ame L. cristata.

Flower bud turbinate, the tube almost twice as long as the cupola;

ridges raised at the sinus along the suture .................. L. inopinata.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 203

21a. Ridges in calyx bud sinuate in the tube, gibbose at the sinus, desinent

ete ee RD Ir clos, «Aisa. kb AddeeGeadad th «nae cesses cecepeaesascs pes

21b. Ridges in the calyx not sinuate in the tube and not gibbose at the

SINUS, GMOs mesGMe Me CG SULUTES 7h Alar ee cede class scetaes 23.

22a. Calyx bud, ridges abruptly gibbose at the sinus, desinent and sulcate

cere Nhe ar a he sdiass. 0, Soybean ade L. aruensis.

22b. Calyx bud ridges broadened at the sinus, desinent and sulcate towards

RN I RL ee Ls vnc can ny Fine R's hone nceoDe oaaseeceiiees L. alatulata.

23a. Inflorescence cylindrical, with short, almost equal lateral branches.

Ridge in the calyx bud elliptically areolate at the sinus above

(QUSCUTEIy MiAIIMIUAtS DUG) ............0...c0bcescesesnaceeses L. moluccana.

23b. Inflorescence pyramidal or almost so. Ridge in the calyx bud not

eR eR Bae na ut ohn ca ig bhe ++ adnsph ies cae 24

24a. Flower buds including pedicelliform base about 15 mm long, 7 mm

in diam., conspicuously apiculate, ridges winged; pedicels of lateral

omen 2S Tiny WONe ote) IR AL AAR OT... L. Koehneana.

24b. Flower buds 8-12 mm long, 5-6 mm in diam., shortly nippled or not;

Papen, SIGUE OF | SOBRTHCIAN 0 iene 6 Sein nnnne- (L. piriformis) — 25.

25a. Ridges of the flower bud obscure or superficial in the calyx tube;

en a a aoe Us a eo 26.

25b. Flower bud apiculate or not; ridges somewhat prominent in

eS ee ee eg ee eee ee A eee 27

26a. Flower bud 9-12 mm long, 5 mm in diam. Ridges distinctly thickened

and obscurely sulcate along the suture .................. forma piriformis.

26b. Flower bud 10-11 mm long, 6 mm in diam., ridges broadly sulcate

but not thickened along the suture ........................ var. valleculata.

27a. Flower buds 9 mm long, 6 mm in diam., ridges completely desinent

below the sinus in mature buds, reappearing in the suture just below

Che wae, tat “teenie foi5 5S hel ices ces ce csedelee ted var. callosa.

27b. Flower buds 8-9 mm, 5 mm in diam., ridges prominent and slightly

thickemed along, The SUUUTe .oe6o6.ds nae Vi ike se... vanneds forma batitinan.

4. Lagerstroemia venusta Wall. ex Clarke in Hook. f., FI. Brit.

Ind. II (1879) 576; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 26,

in Engl. Prantl, Pflanzenf. III. 7 (1891) 14 f. 5 Y, & in Engl...

Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 269 fig. 55 Y; Craib in FI.

Siam Enum. I, (1931) 720 sub observ. L. collettii — Fig. 4.

L. collettii Craib in Kew Bull. (1911) 53; Gapnep. in FI.

Indochine II (1921) 960; Craib in Fl. Siam Enum. I (1931) 720:

syn. nov.

L. corniculata Gagnep. in H. Lec. Not. Syst. IIIf (1918) 357

and in Fl. Indochine II (1921) 943 fig. 101. syn. nov.

Tree or shrub. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, obtuse or

sometimes nearly rounded at the apex, undulate in the margin,

thin coriaceous, whitish puberulous on nerves beneath when

young, later glabrescent, 4-15 cm long, 2.5-5.8 cm broad, often

oblique at base, 5-9 nerved on each side; petiole 3-6 mm long,

buds often light brown in colour when dry, short, triangular.

Panicle large up to 45 cm long, diffuse, whitish puberulous,

pedicel short + 4 mm long and unequal. Flower bud campanulate

abruptly narrowed into the base, about 9 mm long, 6 mm in

diam., whitish puberulous, raised and furrowed, provided with

a liguliform auricle at each sinus, smooth in tubes sometimes

more or less 6 ridged, ridges straight. Calyx campanulate, lobes 6,

acute. Petals clawed, short oblong, 9 mm long (including 2-3 mm

204 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL.

4mm.

Fic. 4. L. venusta Wall. ex Clark (A-B Talbot de Malahide 45 in SING;

C-H Royer 499 in E; I Lace 5,414 in E).

A, Twig. B, Inflorescence. C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthe-

sis. E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, Petal. G, Ovary with style.

H, Part of calyx. I, Capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 205

long claw), obtuse at the apex, undulate in the margin. Stamens

many, 6-8 thicker and longer, others subequal. Ovary glabrous,

globose with a long slender style, capitate stigma. Fruiting calyx

cuneate abruptly narrowed into a short pedicelliform base, ridgeless

or sometimes distinctly ridged; lobes 6, alternating with liguliform

auricles or their bases at the sinus, thickened in the margin,

teflexed or porrect.

CHINA: Yunnan (Wang 80, 430: A).

BURMA: Upper Burma; Wetwun near Maymyo (Lace 6,249:

CAL, E); Upper Chindwin; Kalewa (Lace 4,192: E — isoparatype

of L. colletti); Yindaw (Collett 857: E — isoparatype of

L. collettii); Myingyan near Popayura (Rogers 499: E). Shan

States, Thondong (Lace 5,385 on 30. VII. 1911: CAL & E;

5.415: E & Batin 12,152: E; Forest Ranger or Lace 5,414 on

9. IX. 1911: CAL & E).

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai (Kerr 1,264: BM —

holotype of L. collettii); Lampang, Che Hom (Kerr 4,796; UC):

Prae, Hui Che (Vanpruk 320 = BKF 5,153: BKF). South-Western:

Kanburi (Kostermans 1,115: A, 1,150A: A; Marcan 894: BM).

North-Eastern: Nakon Phanom, Mukdahan (Lakshnakara 962:

BM).

INDO-CHINA, LAOS & CAMBODIA: Mekong bank (Talbot

de Malahide 45: BM, SING); Paksan Road (Talbot de Malahide

63: BM, SING); Stung-Streng (Thorel 2,162: BM — isosyntype

of L. corniculata).

The holotype of the species was collected near Thayet Moo

on the Irrawaddy river in Burma, from which region we have

seen some collections, but they generally bear ridged calyces,

but sometimes ridgeless or almost ridgeless calyces in flower buds

and fruit (e.g. Rogers 499) are found even in the same specimens

as described in the protolog of the species. A great deal of

variation is also seen in the leaves depending upon the new or old

shoots. Hence we have no hesitation in reducing L. collettii to

this species.

5. Lagerstroemia villosa Wall. ex Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal

XVII, 2 (1873) 234, Pegu For. Rept. Append. B (1875) 54

in Journ. cit. XLVI (1877) 88, For. Fl. Burm. I (1877) 524:

Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II (1879) 578; Koehne in

Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 27 & in Engl. Pflanzenr. 17-IV.

216 (1903) 269 fig. 58; Craib in Kew Bull. (1911) 54; Gagn.

in Fl. Indochine II (1921) 947; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. |

(1931) 728. — Fig. 5.

L. villosa Kurz var. sparsior Craib in op. cit. (1931) 729

Syn. NOV.

L. tomentosa sec. Hoss. in Bot. Centralbl. Beih. XXVIII, 2

(1911) 416 pro parte.

206 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

A tree about 20 m high. Leaves lanceolate 6-11 cm long,

3-4 cm broad, ovate 2.5-6 cm long, 2-3 cm broad, acuminate

or acute at the apex, slightly decurrent into the petiole, densely

whitish puberulous on both surfaces when young, later hairy

in the midrib and side nerves above, puberulous beneath and

pilose along the nerves, usually bicolourous green but sometimes

brownish, 5-8 nerved on each side; petiole 3-5 mm long. Panicle

terminal, cylindrical or subpyramidal, 3-8 cm long, 3-4 cm

broad, densely white puberulous. Flower bud white puberulous,

turbinate suddenly narrowed toward the base, about 4 mm long

(including 1-2 mm long pedicelliform base), 2 mm in diam.,

4—6 ridged, undulately winged up to the sinus, very slightly ridged

along the suture with an obscure apex. Calyx 5-6 mm long

(including 2 mm long pedicelliform base), 4-5 mm in diam.;

lobes 4-6, 2 mm long, triangular, not or slightly thickened along

the margin, patent or slightly reflexed. Petal lanceolate or elliptic,

1.5-3 mm long, 0.5—1 mm broad. Stamen many, 3-6 thicker and

longer filamented, others shorter, subequal. Ovary subglobose with

about 10 mm long slender style. Fruiting calyx cup-shaped, 3 mm

deep, 8-9 mm in diam., adpressed to the fruit with ridges straight,

not decurrent into the base; lobes reflexed, brittle. Fruit elliptic

15-22 mm long, 11 mm in diam., 3-4 valved.

CHINA: Yunnan (Wang 74,687: A).

BURMA: Upper Burma: Maymyo Plateau, Thondaung (Lace

6.211: E); Sakangyi (Lace 5,954: E); Katha, Gahe to Indaw

(Lace 4,442: E); loc. incert. (Prazer 21: A, E, SING); Shan States,

Taungi (Abdul Khalil s.n.: CAL); Lashis (Lace 5,834: E):

Bawegys (Lace 4,837: E); Keng Tung (MacGregor 698 bis: E).

Mandalay, Sedaw (Lace 5,794: CAL, E). Namkhok State,

Namkhok (Dickason 8,287: SING). Pyinmana, Kaing (Lace 4,544:

E). Thayetmyo, Taungyan (Lace 2,680: E). Pegu & Tharrawaddy:

Pegu (Kurz 1,973: BM & CAL. — lectoparatypes; Pegu Yama

(Kurz 1,343: CAL — lectoholotype; Scott s.n.: GH, E); Meaday

(Hamilton s.n.: BM): Kangyi (Lace 5,704: CAL, E).

THAILAND: Northern: Mae Haung Sorn, Kun-Yuam Noi

(Kerr s.n.: BM & UC). Chiengmai, Maung Fang (Garrett 173:

E; Hosseus 616: BM, E); Chiengmai to Chiengrai (Rock 1.626:

A); Doi Sutep (Kerr 1,150: BM; Chermsirivathana 509: SING).

Kampang Pet (Kerr 5,969: BM, E, UC): between Kampang Pet.

& Raheng (Kerr 2,614: E). Uthaithani, Banrai (Kasem 361:

SING). South-Western: Kanburi, Wangka (Kerr 10,461: E —

isoholotype of var. sparsior); Kwai Noei river at Bangkasi (Hoed

& Kostermans 689: A). North-Eastern: Loie, Sitan (Smitinand

4,867: A).

This species is easily distinguished from L. tomentosa by its

indumentum which is of simple hairs, while the latter has stellate

hairs. It is obvious that Clarke had not seen either Kurz’s

original description or his syntypes.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 207

Fig. 5. L. villosa Wall. (A-E: Lace 6,211 in E; F: Lace 5,704 in E).

A. Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower after anthesis. D.

Longitudinal section of flower E, Petal. F, Twig with capsules.

208 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

We have reduced Craib’s var. sparsior to the type variety

because the specimens from the type region produce glabrescent

leaves and the fruits are about the size described by Kurz and

found in Kurz 1,343. Kurz described the capsule as 4-6 valvate,

but 3-valvate capsules are also found, 4-valved capsules seem

to be common in the Pegu and the Tharrawaddy regions. We

have seen smaller fruits from North Burma and much larger

fruits from Burma and Thailand, but they cannot be said to be

typical. The leaves shed a good deal of indumentum as they

become older and even acquire brownish colouration as in the

type of var. sparsior. To us the problem seems to be more a

result of ecology than heredity. If some varietal distinctions are

to be made on the size capsules, then the specimens with smaller

or larger capsules than in the lectotypes could be separated from

the type form.

6. Lagerstroemia subangulata (Craib) Furtado et Montien stat.

nov. — Fig. 6.

_ L. undulata Koehne var. subangulata Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. I

(1931) 727: basinym.

A £. undulata cui affinissima, calycis alis in alabastro vix

undulatis, haud crispatis, ad sinum haud auriculatis, secus suturas.

Sulcatas margine elevatas undulatulas, foliis minoribus haec

species recedit.

Folia: lamina 5-8 cm longa, 2.5-3.5 cm lata, ovato elliptica

vel elongato-ovato elliptica, .utrinsecus 7-9 nervata, primum

utrinque pubescens, dein glabra vel secus costam puberula

reticulationibus supra depressis; petiolus 1-3 mm _longus.

Inflorescentia axe fusco brunnescentis, ut calyx minute griseo-

pubescentis. Petala oblanceolata, basin versus attenuata, margine

sinuata, 4-6 mm longa. Fructus ellipticus vel oblongus, 15-18 mm

longus, 10-12 mm in diam.; calyx 6-alatus, in tubo 5-6 mm

longus; lobis triangularibus apice acutis, 2-2.5 mm_longis,

patentibus. |

Holotypus: Kerr 7,018 (non vidi).

A tree. Leaves 5-8 cm long, 2.5—3.5 cm broad, ovate-elliptic:

or elliptic, often acuminate with an acute or obtuse apex, curvedly

narrowed towards the shortly angustate base, slightly undulate-

in the margin, hairy on both sides when young, later glabrous

or glabrescent especially along the midrib, dotted beneath; 7—9

nerves on each side; reticulation sunk and obscure above, distinct

beneath; petiole 1-3 mm long. Inflorescence 10-40 cm _long,.

minutely greyish white pubescent all over, on a dark or brownish

surface, lateral branches curved upwards, 5-25 cm long. Flowers

congested at the top of short dichotomous peduncles borne on

short, simple or subdivided branches on primary axis or lateral

branches, often axillary to the bracts or reduced leaves. Petals

oblanceolate or lanceolate 4-7 mm long (including + 2 mm long

claw), 2-3 mm broad, undulate in margin; pedicel sessile or up-

to 2 mm long. Calyx 6-hardly undulate ridges, 5-6 mm _ long,

4 mm broad; lobes 6, acute at the apex, spreading or slightly

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 209

2mm

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 6. L. subangulata (Craib). (A-F: King 5,497 in GH; G: Put 1,148 im

BM).

A, Inflorescence. B, Leaf. C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis.

E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, Petal. G, Capsule.

210 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

reflexed, sparsely puberulous in the upper parts within. Flower

bud turbinate or almost so, 5-7 mm long, 3 mm in diam.,

furrowed and raised along the suture, shortly nipped at the apex.

Stamen many, unequal with 6 longer and thicker. Ovary oblong.

Fruiting calyx slightly undulate in ridges; lobes spreading. Capsule

glabrous, 15-18 mm long, 10-12 mm in diam., elliptic or oblong,

3-4 valved.

THAILAND: Central: Saraburi, Ban Nawng Bua (Put 1,148:

BM — isoparatype, E. — paratype of the basinym). South-Western:

Kanburi, Kanburi 7 kms northwest (King 5,497: GH & UC);

Wang Kanai (Marcan 2,210; BM — isoparatype of the basinym);

loc. incert. (Marcan 898: BM — isoparatype of the basinym);

‘Ta-salao (Marcan 2,503: BM; Kerr 19,484 & 19,484a: BM).

Eastern: Korat (= Nakhon Rachasima); Bua Yai (Put 4,288:

BM, E); loc. incert. (Pong Sono 16 = BKF 23.586: SING).

In Kerr 19,484a the fruits are much smaller and dehisce into

2-4 valves, but this we think is a result of ecological conditions.

The fruits in this also vary in size, the smallest one being 6-7 mm

long, almost globose, while larger ones on the same branch

care oblong about 12 mm long and 9 mm in diam.

In its leaf characters this species resembles very much

L. undulata which has a bud with broad and much undulate wings

‘which become auriculate at the sinus, and which has thick margins

on both sides of the suture. The bud in L. subangulata, on the

other hand, is less winged and scarcely undulate and so it might

be placed very close to L. paniculata.

Since the protolog is not sufficient to identify this species,

we have given here a longer description in Latin.

7. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia Teysm. et Binn. in Kruid, Arch. III

(184Q) 410. in Nat. Tydschr. Nederl. — Ind. II (1851) 306 & in

Fl Nov. Hort. Bogor (1866) 29: Mig., Fl. Ind. Bat. I (1855)

624; BIL, Mus. Bot. Lugd. — Bat. II (1856) 127; Walp., Ann.

Bot. IV (1857) 690; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 24;

Koord. et Val., Bijdr. Booms. Java I (1894) 193; King, Mat.

Fl. Mal. Pen. III (1898) 352; Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenr.

17 = IV. 216. (1903) 268 fig. 58A; Gagnep. in FI. Indoch. II

(1921) 945; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. I (1922) 662.

A big tree with spreading crown, 15-20 m or more tall. Leaves

ovate, oblong or obovate, 6-11 cm long, 4-5.6 cm broad (often

smaller in the lower part of twigs about 2.5-6 cm long, 1.7-4 cm

broad), sub-rounded, acute or obtuse at both ends, chartaceous,

glabrescent or minutely pubescent on nerves and midrib on both

‘surfaces, greenish or grey above, brown and densely black dotted

below, 5-9 nerved on each side; petiole up to 5 mm. Panicle

terminal, pyramidal or subcylindrical, 6-36 cm long, 10-25 cm

broad, few flowered, grey puberulous all over; pedicels unequal,

5-10 mm long. Flower bud turbinate or clavellate, 8-15 mm long,

‘9-10 mm in diam., ridges 6-9, broadly winged, undulate or not,

raised and undulate or almost absent along the suture, with a

JURAIM) DEL.

Fig. 7. L. ovalifolia varieties: var novoguineensis (A!—A3: Schram 6,068:

LAE — holotype, & A‘4: Iwangin 5,661: SING): var. exapiculata

(BI-B3: Mat Nong 4,025: SING & B4: Burkill & Haniff 17,179:

SING — holotype. & B5—B®: Toroes 2,473: SING); var minor (C:

Iboet 64: SING); var. ruptilis (D!-D3: Lakshnakara 836: BM —

holotype): var ovalifolia (E!-E3: Kurz s.n. ex Hort. Bogor.: CAL &

E4: Koorders 4,411B: CAL).

Al—A2, Flower bud. A3, Flower after anthesis. A4, Capsule. B!—B2,

B5, Flower bud. B3, B®, Flower after anthesis. B4, Capsule. C, Cap-

sule. D!I—D2, Flower bud. D3, Capsule. El—-E2, Flower bud. E:3,

Flower after anthesis. E4, Capsule.

212 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

short up to 1 mm long nipple at apex. Calyx funnel-shaped:

lobes 6-9, acutely triangular, winged or not along the margin

outside. Petal 6-9, orbicular 15 mm long (including 5 mm long

claw), 10 mm broad, membranous, undulate in the margin.

Stamens numerous 6-9 longer and thicker, others many, subequal.

Ovary globose, glabrous, adnate to the calyx-tube at the base.

Fruiting calyx persistent, thick, hard; lobes patent. Capsule

elliptic-oblong, or subglobose 14-25 mm long, 13-16 mm diam.,

shortly nippled or blunt.

Some of the varieties e.g. apiculata, riedeliana and novoguineensis

have flower-buds which might justify the separation of these

taxa as quite distinct from L. ovalifolia, but we have retained

them here because they have to be studied further which is not

possible with the limited number of specimens at our disposal.

Generally these forms are referred to L. ovalifolia since no

distinction had been found between the different forms. Koorders

26,9248 from Banjoemas in Java probably also belongs to this

group which has to be separated from true L. ovalifolia forms;

it has very small flower buds.

A Key to Varieties

la. Flower buds 12 mm long or longer, 9-10 mm broad, with ridges

sinuate or plicate in the tube, gibbose at the sinus. (Fruiting calyx

obconical in tube, acute or slightly truncate at base, gibbose at the

sinus), Capsple. 15 mm long of longer \...;...2: 22... eee. -++-405-- 8 2.

1b. Flower buds 8-10 mm long, slightly alate in the tube and with the

exception of var. novoguineensis, not gibbose at the sinus. (Fruiting

calyx different). Capsule 15 mm long or shorter ..........0-.4.......8 5.

2a.! Capsule 19mm long serdonger. <e5...0¢.2iian..ie.Naget.. hgeeee 3.

2b. Gapsule about 15 mm Jome,or shorter .....d004..¢5../5 5611. 4S 4.

3a. Capsule apiculate.. Flower buds 12-13 mm long ...... var. ovalifolia.

3b. Capsule not apiculate. Flower buds 13-15 mm long ...................

var. exapiculata.

Ce em ewer reer emote en ees eres eseeeeseesseeseseeeeseeseseeeeeseseseseessese

4a. Fruiting calyx wings fall off and make its ridges straight; sepals not

winged in the margins. Capsule apparently curvedly narrowed towards

the ‘apex shortly, nijepled 2000 Bo. x oa... Bet act ee. ee var. ruptilis.

4b. Calyx wings persistent, sinuate, sepals winged. Capsule somewhat

flattened at apex, abruptly rostrate into 2 mm long beak...............

A Ss A eee. ol RE eh, eee var. minor.

5a. Calyx straight ridged, even in fruit, not winged, in fruit almost cup-

shaped with a short abruptly pedicelliform base. Capsule with 2 mm

long beak. (Sepals mot wimged) .-..........< <n. 0:0. es var. apiculata.

Sb. Calyx sinuately ridged in the tube and evanescent above or broadly

alate at the sinus and above. Fruiting calyx gradually narrowed at

base,, Capsule shortly “beaked! s..¢72... Aca atite nate 6.

6a. Ridges in flower-buds sinuate, not broadly winged at the sinus or

above. Fruiting calyx obconically elongate at base, sepals not winged

bag inves -paes Siiksd Eels GLREDSs > cet aan Sn eee Se var. riedeliana.

6b. Ridges in flower-buds broadly winged at the sinus. desinent above,

but winged and raised near the apex. PERE calyx gradually elongate

at base, sepals: WINGed | oo...) ..-820 ssss-easee Wal. NOvOguineensis.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 213.

7a. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia T. & B. var. ovalifolia — Fig. 7E.

L. ovalifolia T. & B. in Kruid., Arch. II (1840) 410, in Nat.

Tydschr. Ned. Ind. II (1851) 306 et in Pl. Nov. Bogor (1866) 29;

Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. I (1855) 624; Bl. Mus. Bat. Lugd. — Bat. II

(1856) 127; Walp; Ann. Bot. IV (1857) 690; Koord. et Val.,

Bijdr. Booms. Java I (1894) 193 et vers. Flor. Cel. (1898) 469 pp.

et autt. supra cit. pro parte.

L. hexaptera Miq. sec. Koorders, ex Kurz Fl. Java II (1912)

662 pp. et Atlas Baum. Java IV (1918) tab. 783 fig. I & K pp.

Flower buds 12-13 mm long, 9-10 mm broad, turbinate, 7-9

broadly ridged, ridges rugose and denticulate, raised and sulcate

above the sinus along the sutures. Fruiting calyx with rugose or

sinuate ridges. Capsule 20-24 mm long, beaked.

INDONESIA: Java, loc. incert. (Koorders 4,4118: CAL);

Bogor Gardens (Kurz sn.: CAL).

According to Miquel (1855) and Blume (1856) the type of the

species was from Bantam in Java, but the actual description was

based on a specimen collected from a plant grown in the

Botanic Gardens, Bogor, whence Kurz later collected a specimen,

now preserved in the Calcutta Herbarium. Koorders and Valeton

(1894) stated that the species occurs in Java almost exclusively

in the Preanger and the Bantam districts of West Java, while

Koorders (1912) later noted that it does not occur in Central and

East Java. |

However, there are reasons to believe that at least two forms.

of L. ovalifolia occur in West Java. The one represented by

the fruits on Koorders 4,4118 (CAL) and flowers in Kurz s.n.

(CAL) which have their calyx ridges somewhat toothed and

the sutures sulcate and rugosely raised along the margins in buds.

In fact a stamp in Koorders 4,4118 indicates that the specimen

was compared with the authentic specimens in Bogor by Koorders

and Valeton.

The other form is represented by Koorders 29,9248, the small

flower buds which unlike the buds of the first form, do not

reveal winged ridges in the tube and winged sulcate sutures

above the sinus. The fruit in Koorders’ Atlas (1918) t. 783 fig. I

under L. hexaptera Miq. (= L. ovalifolia T. & B.) has straight,

not toothed, ridges in the calyx, and has not elongated base as

in Koorders 4,4118 and so it may be the fruit of the same form

represented by the small flowers.

If so it would probably represent var. apiculata. Unfortunately

we have not been able to consult the Bogor Herbarium specimens

and to typify L. ovalifolia except on Koorders’ description and

specimens.

7b. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia T. & B. var. exapiculata Furtado

et Montien — Fig. 7B and Fig. 8.

L. hexaptera Mig. sensu Clarke in Hk. f., Fl. Br. Ind. U

(1879) 577 quoad specimena malayana.

214 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 8. L. ovalifolia var. exapiculata (A-H Bidin 6,541 in SING).

A, Fertile twig. B, twig with capsules. C-D, Flower bud. E, Flower.

F, Petal. G, Longitudinal of flower. H, A capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 215

L. ovalifolia T. & B. sensu King Mal. FI. Pen. HI (1898) 352;

Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. I (1922) 662; Craib, Fl. Siam Enum. I (1931)

725; quoad specimena malayana tantum.

Inter varietates L. ovalifoliae cum floribus capsulisque maximis

ponenda sed capsulis elliptico-ovoideus, exapiculatis ad 24 mm

longis, alabastris ad 15 mm longis haec varietas sat distincta.

Holotypus: MALAYA: Pahang, Kuala Lipis (Burkill & Haniff

17,179: SING).

This variety has the largest flower buds (13-15 mm long) and

the largest capsules (22-24 mm long), but unlike the other

varieties the capsules here are blunt.

THAILAND: Pattani, Betong (Kerr 7,487: BM, E, UC).

MALAYA: Langkawi, Gunong Raya (Chew 171: SING; Idris.

33,173: SING). Perak, Ulu Bubong (King 10,025: CAL, KEP,

SING, UC); Ulu Kerling (Kunstler 8,701: CAL). Pahang, Kuantan

(Sohar 4,189: SING); Kuala Lipis (Burkill & Haniff 17,179:

SING — holotype: Mat Nong 4,025: SING); Ulu Sikin (Bidin

6,541: SING); Kuala Tahan (Ridley 2,640: CAL, SING); Sungei

Triang (Mohamed 29,980: SING); Bentong (Spewewinde s.n.:

SING); Kuantan, Ulu Sikin (Bidin 6,535: SING). Selangor,

Kepong (Osman 18,244: SING); Sungei Buloh (Sow & Tachun

16,901: KEP); Kanching (Strugnell 12,778: KEP, SING); Kepong

cult. (Soo 73,538: SING). Malacca Brisu (Derry 1,050: SING).

Negri Sembilan, Linggi. (Usope 0586: SING). Johore, Mawai

(Ngadiman 34,738: A, SING, & Corner s.n.: SING).

INDONESIA: Sumatra, Sigamata (Toroes 2,985: A, SING

& UC); Langga Pajoeng (Toroes 3,565: A & UC); Aer Kandis.

(Toroes 2,473: A, SING, UC & 2,508: A & UC): Asahan at

Boenvet (Yates 748: A & UC; 2,101: BM & UC; 1,759: UC).

Most of the Sumatran specimens cited here are in flower and

we have not had ample material to see if flower buds of this

variety can be distinguished from those of the type form.

However, we have cited all the specimens here because the

specimens which had young fruits and no nipple at apex. Since

all these specimens are from a small region on the east coast

of Sumatra, we have ventured to refer all the specimens to this

variety.

7c. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia T. & B. var. ruptilis Furtado et

Montien — Fig. 7D.

L. ovalifolia T. & B. sensu Gagn. in Fl. Ind. II (1961) 945 p.p.;

Craib. Fl. Siam Enum. I (1931) 725 p.p.; Pham et Nguyen, Flor.

Vietn. (1960) 350 tab. 126 fig. F. quoad specimena indochinensia.

Inter varietates cum capsulis ad 15 mm longis ponenda, sed

haec varietas alabastris 8-alatis, circa 15 mm longis, 9 mm in

diam., alis rectis mox ruptis, ad sinum gibberosis, secus suturas

paulo alatis vel non; capsulis immaturis, apicem versus curvato

angustatis, summo breviter apiculatis; sepalis calycis fructiferi

non vel breviter alatis, costis in tubo rectis sat distincta.

216 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Holotypus: THAILAND: Toh Moh, Ban Kamung (Lakshnakara

836: BM).

This variety is distinguished by its flower buds being conical,

8 ridged, 15 mm long, 9 mm broad, with straight wings

gradually broadened towards the sinus, where it is conspicuously

humped, practically absent along the sutures; the wings fall off

so as to make the fruiting calyx straight ridged; sepals not

winged along the margin. (Capsule immature, beaked).

THAILAND: Toh Moh, Ban Kamung (Lakshnakara 836: BM

— holotype).

INDOCHINA: Cochinchina: Dinh Mountains (Pierre 1,512:

A); Thuya-Thyen (Pierre 174: GH).

In the Flora of Vietnam, Pham-Hoang Ho & Nguyen-van-Duong

quotes L. ovalifolia with a query mark and depicts flower-bud or

calyx with straight ridges.

7d. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia T. & B. var. minor Furtado et

Montien — Fig. 7C.

_L. ovalifolia T. & B. sensu Ridl. in Kew Bull. (1926) 66.

A var ovalifolia, cui alabastris similibus, subequilongis

eodemmodo alatis ut videtur, haec varietas capsulis brevioribus

(circa 15 mm longis), apice applanatis, summo longe (2 mm)

rostratis, foliis latioribus differt.

(Calyx alis persistentibus, sinuatis, interdum basin versus

denticulatis, ad sinum gibbosis praeditus, sepalis margine alatis).

Holotypus: Mentawi Archipelago: insula Siberut (Boden-Kloss

12,300: SING).

Fruiting calyx funnel-shaped, 10-11 mm long, 12-15 mm broad,

6-8 ridges undulate, broader and often denticulate in the lower

half, gibbose at the sinus; lobes 6-8, patent, narrowly winged

along the rim. Fruit light brown, short oblong, 13-15 mm long,

11-13 mm in diam., obscurely angular, somewhat flattened at

apex, provided with about 2 mm long nipple, usually 5-valved.

INDONESIA: Mentawi Archipelago (West of Sumatra) Island

of Siberut, Boden-Kloss 12,300: SING — holotype; BM & UC

— isoholotypes; Iboet 64: SING).

This variety seems to have flower-buds that resemble those

of the type form in length and in the wings of the ridges which

are here 6-8, but the capsules are much shorter, somewhat

flattened at apex with about 2 mm long beak. The leaves are also

broader.

Je. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia T. & B. var. apiculata Furtado et

Montien — Fig. 9.

Inter varietatis LL. ovalifoliae cum alabastris capsulisque

minoribus ponenda sed alabastris ad sinum haud gibbosis, costis

6 rectis vix alatis; calycibus fructiferis recte costatis fere

cupularibus, basi breviter et abrupte pedicellatis, ejusdem sepalis

margine haud alatis; capsulis apicem versus convexo angustatis

summo rostratis, rostro 2 mm longo haec varietas facile

distinguenda.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 217

omm

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 9. L. ovalifolia T. & B. var. apiculata (A-D: Loerzing 6,407: SING —

holotype; E: Forbes 2,705: SING).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower after anthesis. D, ovary. E, Twig with

capsules.

218 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Holotypus: SUMATRA: Bandarbaru (Loerzing 6,407: SING).

Flower bud about 5 mm long, 3 mm broad; ridges 6, prominent,

straight in the tube, obscurely furrowed at the top, not thickened

along the suture, shortly nippled. Calyx campanulate, 7-8 mm

long (including 2-3 mm long pedicelliform base), 4-5 mm in

diam., straight ridged; lobes 6, 2-2.5 mm long, reflexed, not

thickened along the margin. Fruiting calyx about 8 mm deep,

11 mm in diam., broadly obconical, almost cup-shaped, straight

ridged, abruptly narrowed into a short base, lobes patent, about

5 mm long, not thickened along the margin. Capsule 5-6 valved,

subglobose about 15 mm long, 13 mm in diam., obscurely

5-6 angled in cross-section with a beak about 2 mm long.

INDONESIA: Sumatra, Bandarbaru (Loerzing 6,407: SING —

holotype), Pelembang at Rawas (Grashoff 1,092: UC); loc. incert

(Forbes 2,705; GH & SING).

The holotype specimen has flowers only, but its calyx shows

readily how it differs from those of the other forms of

L. ovalifolia. The fruit has been described from Forbes 2,705

(SING). With the exception of the straight ridges, the fruiting

specimens of var. apiculata are easy to be confused with that

of var. minor, except that the fruit of the latter is somewhat

flattened at apex.

This form appears to be very like Koorders’ Atlas t. 783

fig. I, described as L. hexaptera Mig. & Koorders 29,9248 with

very small flower buds may also be it.

7f. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia T. & B. var. riedeliana (Oliv.)

Furtado et Montien — Fig. 10.

L. celebica Bl., Mus. Bot. Lugd. — Bat. IIT (1856) 127?

L. hexaptera Miq., Fl. Ind. Bot. I (1855) 623 and (1856) 1090;

Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. If (1879) 577 pro parte typica?

L. ovalifolia T. & B. sensu Auctt.

L. riedeliana Oliv. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XV (1876) 99 basinym.

This variety falls among the smaller flowered and smaller fruited

forms of L. ovalifolia with 6 ridges to the flower-buds, slightly

sinuate in the tube, not gibbose at the sinus, almost evanescent

above. Fruiting calyx obconically elongate at base, sepals not

winged; capsule shortly beaked.

CELEBES: North: Gorontalo (Riedel: K — holotypus).

The holotype of L. hexaptera Miq. (= L. celebica Bl.) was

from Likupang also in North Celebes, collected by Forester,

which we have not seen: but the description of the subgenus

hexaptera Miq. based on it states that “‘the calyx is hexagonal in

tube, not plicate but shortly winged in the ridges’, which excludes

L. ovalifolia var. ovalifolia. Further Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV

(1883 24 in a footnote to L. hexaptera Miq. states that a

duplicate specimen labelled by Miquel in Herbarium of Goettingen

was not L. ovalifolia but belonged to L. calycina which is a

lapsus calami for L. paniculata; this statement also suggests the

correctness of our identification.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 219

JDRALMI! DEL.

Fig. 10. L. ovalifolia T. & B. var. riedeliana (Riedel s.n.: K — holotype).

A, Inflorescence. B, Twig with mature capsules. C-D, Flower bud.

E, Flower after anthesis. F, Longitudinal section of flower.

220 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Koorders 17,7168 from Minahassa in Celebes probably belongs

here, but it is too young for an accurate determination.

The holotype specimen has both fruits and flowers, a rare

occurrence. The ridges in the flower buds suggest that it belongs

to L. piriformis group. But we have retained as a variety of

L. ovalifolia until the species could be more fully studied. It

may be placed very close to L. borneensis but for the larger

flower buds, the broader and more undulate ridges and for

fruiting calyx less abruptly narrowed into the base. The group

requires a further study.

7g. Lagerstroemia ovalifolia var. novoguineensis Furtado et

Montien — Fig. 7A and Fig. 11.

A var. ovalifolia alabastris minoribus, supra _ subglobosis

abrupte in basin pedicellatis, 6-alatis, alis ad sinum interdum

abrupte latioribus, supra sinum elevatis, prope apicem secus

suturas late sulcatis magis alatis; fructus calycibus basin versus

pedicelliformiter (4-5 mm longis) cuneatis, in parte cupulare

6-7 mm longis; capsulis 12-14 mm longis, 9-10 mm in diam.,

breviter apiculatis.

Holotypus: NOVA-GUINEA: Wirsar (Schram 6,068; LAE).

Leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate, 3-7 cm long, 2-4 cm broad,

acuminate, acute or rounded at the apex, (leaves at the base of

twigs often smallest, obovate with rounded apex), pustulate on

both sides, shortly decurrent into petiole, greenish on both

surfaces when young, but when in fruit greenish brown above,

yellowish brown beneath, deciduously and minutely pubescent

on nerves, glandular above, minutely densely dotted beneath,

5—8 nerved on each side; petiole short 1-2 mm long. Panicle

short cylindrical, 5-10 cm long, 3--5 cm broad, a few flowered,

deciduously and minutely velutinous, slightly winged in the axis

of the young growth. Flower bud somewhat clavate 10 mm long

(including 3-4 mm long base), 4-5 mm broad, 6-ridged, ridges

slightly sinuate in the tube, often gibbose at the sinus, broadly

sulcate and winged along the sutures near the apex. Calyx 10-12

mm long 6 mm in diam., deciduously puberulous; lobes 6,

erect or spreading, 3 mm long; winged along the margins.

stamens many, subequal. Ovary subglobose with about 17 mm

long style. Fruiting calyx obconical strongly narrowed into a

long base, about 10-11 mm long, (including 4-5 mm long

pedicelliform base), 10 mm broad; ridges acute, prominent,

straight, running up to the very base; lobes spreading, sometimes

reflexed, about 3 mm long. Capsule oblong or globose, 12-14 mm

long, 9-10 mm broad, light brown, shortly mammillate.

NOVA-GUINEA: West New Guinea, Wirsar (Schram 6,068:

LAE — holotype, SING — isoholotype); Sorong by the Warsamson

River (Iwanggin 5,661: LAE, PNH & SING).

This falls into a group of varieties of L. ovalifolia which are

characterised by having smaller flower buds and smaller capsules,

but this variety is peculiar. The flower buds are 6-winged, the

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 221

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 11. L. ovalifelia var. novoguineensis (A-E: Schram 6,068: LAE —

holotype; Iwanggin 5,661: SING).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Capsule.

2M Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

wings sometimes much broader at the sinus, but smaller above

it and raised and sulcate near the apex. The fruiting calyx too

is narrowed into a pedicelliform base, and capsules shorter

(12-14 mm long) very shortly apiculate.

Probably Schram 12,361 and Mall 11,664 from the Warsamson

valley in New Guinea also belong here, but being sterile specimens

we have left them from the citations.

8. Lagerstroemia subsessilifolia Koehne in Engl. Pflanzr. 17 = IV.

216 (1903) 267.

Tree about 16 m. Leaves not punctate, glabrous, 7-10 cm long,

3.3-5 cm broad, oblong or oblong-elliptic, acute at base, some-

what obtuse at apex, sometimes acuminate, chartaceous, greyish

on both sides, not paler beneath, 5—9 nerved on each side;

petiole 1.5 mm long, with narrowly decurrent lamina. Peduncle

and pedicel ochraceous tomentose, the latter about 6 mm long;

lobes reflexed, adpressed on the tube, about 3.5 mm _ long,

glabrous within. Capsule about 19 mm long, 12-14 mm in diam.

~ AUSTRALIA: Cape York Peninsula, upper part of the Mitchell

Seeding Bag, mountainous region. (Hann 47: BRI?).

We have not seen any specimens of this species.

Another species L. archeriana and its var. glabrescens (Section

Trichosepalum) also occur in this region.

9. Lagerstroemia pustulata Furtado et Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 12.

Inter species Sectionis Pterocalymma cum foliis, calycibus

fructibusque majoribus et costis calycis rectis acutis hoc taxon

ponendum, sed foliis calycibusque pustulatis, fructibus maximis,

sepalis margine incrassatis, basi propter margines retroflexiusculas

constrictis sat distinctum.

Holotypus: BORNEO: Sabah, Prov. Lahad Datu ad Segama

Sarai (Muin Chai: SAN. 26,006: SING).

Folia elliptica oblonga, 12-17 cm longa, 6-7 cm lata, basi

interdum oblique acuta vel obtusiuscula, utrinsecus 10-12 nervata,

viridia glabra, utrinque pustulata, pustulis in pagina superiore

conspicuioribus; petiolus 5-10 mm longus. Jnflorescentia axi

cinereo-puberula, paniculata, remote breviterque ramosa, diffuse

cymosa, pedunculis circa 2.5 cm longis, pedicellis ad 1.5 cm usque

longis. Alabastrum non visum. Calyx post anthesin tantum visus,

cinereo puberulus, pustulatus, campanulatus, in tubo 6 mm altus,

infra subito obconico-pedicellatus, 6 costulatus, costis acutis;

sepalis circa 5 mm longis, margine incrassatis, basi propter

margines retroflexas constrictis. Stamina numerosa, versus basin

calycis sita, exserta. Ovarium glabrum, ovatum, apice conoideum;

stylus longus, exsertus. Calyx fructiferus lignosus, late cupularis,

5 mm altus, infra 8-12 mm longo pedicello abrupte praeditus;

sepalis triangularibus, patulis vel porrectis. Capsula oblonga vel

subglobosa, circa 25 mm longa, 20-22 mm in diam., apice subito

mammillata.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 223

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 12. L. pustulata (A-H: Muin Chai 26,006 in SING — isoholotype).

A, Twigs with flowers and capsules. B, Flower after anthesis. C,

Part of calyx with stamens. D, Part of calyx. E, Longitudinal section

of flower. F, Petal. G, Stamen. H, Fruiting calyx showing external

structure.

224 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore —X XIV (1969)

Tree 10-18 m high. Leaves elliptic-oblong, 12-17 cm long,

7 cm broad, acute or acuminate at apex, acute or obtuse and

sometimes oblique at base, glabrous but distinctly pustulate on

both surfaces; nerves 10-12 on each side, rarely less, ascending

slightly curved at about 60°; petiole 5-10 mm long. Panicle

minutely greyish pubescent, terminal, narrowly pyramidal, up to

32 cm long, bearing once or twice dichotomously branched cymes,

with distant long peduncles (+ 2.5 cm long); pedicels up to

1.5 cm long. Flower bud (not seen). Calyx in flower campanulate,

pustulate, cinereous, puberulous, tube about 6 mm long with

an obconical base 7-8 mm long; 6 ribbed, ribs prominent, acute,

decurrent into pedicelliform base; space between the ridges

curvedly swollen; lobes 6, about 5 mm long, erect, thickened

in margin and slightly retroflexed at base. Petals + 6; limb

suborbicular or obovate, +10 mm long: claw + 5 mm long.

Stamens numerous, exert, seated at the bottom of calyx-tube.

Ovary glabrous, ovate, gradually narrowed into a conical apex;

style long. Fruiting calyx hard, abruptly narrowed into 8-12 mm

long pedicelliform base; tube broadly cupular, about 5 mm deep;

lobes triangular, spreading or porrect, thickened in the margin.

Capsule oblong or subglobose up to 25 mm long, 20-22 mm in

diam., abruptly mammillate at apex; mammillus 1-2 mm long.

NORTH BORNEO: Sabah, Prov. Lahad Datu (Muin Chai

SAN. 26,006: SING — holotype, SAN & SAR — isoholotypes.

This species belongs to Pterocalymma section and falls among

the species having large leaves, calyces and fruits, but is easily

distinguished by its pustulate leaves and calyces, very large

capsules, and calyx lobes which look constricted near the base

because of the margins there being more reflexed. Were it not for

the number of the calyx ridges, the species could be placed near

L. speciosa since it has large leaves and fruit.

The only two species which from the description seem to

be akin to this are L. subsessilifolia Koehne from Australia,

L. quinquevalvis Koehne from Tonkin in Indo-China, both of

which were not represented in the collections examined by us.

10. Lagerstroemia quinquevalvis Koehne in Engl. Pflanzr.

lie TVs 206. (1903) 2oe:

Tree 4-5 m tall, with spiny trunk; fruiting branches darkish,

pulverulent pruinose, glabrous. Leaves: petiole about 4 mm long:

lamina 10-14 cm Jong, 3.5-5.4 cm broad, shortly acuminate

at base, oblong-obovate to lanceolate, more or less acuminate

at apex, glabrous, chartaceous, paler beneath; nerves 8-9 on

each side apparently, slightly prominent beneath; reticulations

not prominent. Fruiting calyx, like pedicels and axis of the

panicles, ochraceous pulverulent tomentulose; tube saucer-shaped,

5—6 mm long, 15 mm in diam., strongly 6-costate; lobes 3-4 mm

long, spreading, glabrous within. Capsule 19-23 mm_ long,

17-20 mm in diam., 5-valved, sometime 4, glabrous.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 225

INDOCHINA: Tonkin: Muong de Rip village near Tu Phap

(Balansa 3,866 — holotype in P, not seen).

We have not seen any specimens of this species. Gagnepain

_ (FI. Indochina II, 1923 p. 962) has included this among insufficiently

known but good species.

11. Lagerstroemia undulata Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. XLII, Beibl.

97, (1908) 52: Gagn., Fl. Indochine II (1921) 946; Craib, FI.

Siam. Enum. I (1931) 727. — Fig. 13.

A tree 10 m tall. Leaves ovate-elliptic or ovate-oblong, 6-15 cm

long, 4-7 cm broad (smaller in inflorescence axis), acute at the

apex, shortly cuneate or sometimes roundedly narrowed to the

base, hairy on both sides when young, later minutely puberulous

along midrib above, and velutinous puberulous along the midrib

and nerves beneath, paler beneath; 7—9 nerves on each side of

midrib; petiole 2-4 mm long. Panicle terminal or axillary,

15-25 cm long, 9-15 cm broad; axis and branchlets minutely

velutinous, angular and slightly winged, often bearing smaller

leaves or leaf-like bracts, primary lateral branches 7-8 cm long,

opposite or sub-opposite; bracteoles at the base of pedicels linear,

1-3 mm long with puberulus. Flower bud turbinate with undulate

or crispate wings, orbicularly and undulately auriculate at the

sinuses, abruptly narrowed into wings or bands on both sides

of the sutures of the bud above, ending with a small nipple at

apex; pedicel 2-3 mm long, the mid-flowers in the dichotomy

sessile. Calyx 6-8 mm long, 5 mm broad, puberulous, 6-ridged,

ridges orispate or undulate, tube gradually cuneate to the base;

lobes thickened or winged in the margin. Petal oblong 8 mm long

(including 2-3 mm long claw), 4 mm broad, undulate in the

margin. Stamens many, with 3-6 thicker and longer filaments,

the rest subequal, filaments 2—24 times longer than the calyx-tube.

Ovary oblong with a long slender style, glabrous, capitate.

THAILAND: Northern: (Nakawn Sawan?), Me-ping River

Rapids, on the border of the hilly jungle, at 200 m (Hosseus 530:

BM and E — isoholotypes).

This is closely allied to L. crispa which has smaller leaves,

the ridges on the flower-bud, calyces much more crispate passing

crispately and undulately into the suture above without forming

a hollow, cupuliform auricle at the sinus. In L. paniculata which

belongs also to a group having undulate ridges to the calyx,

has larger leaves than in L. crispa that are black dotted beneath;

its calyx ridges being less crispate, slightly enlarged at the

sinuses to merge into the suture with the least possible undulations.

We have made var. subangulata the basinym of a new species.

226 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 13. L. undulata Koehne (A-H: Hosseus 530 in E — isoholotype).

A, Inflorescence and leaf B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis.

E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, Part of calyx showing exterior.

G, Part of calyx showing interior. H, Petal.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 227

Paar? 4

SY ha

NPS

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 14. L. crispa Pierre (A-G: Clemens 3,477 in A).

A, Inflorescence. B & D, Flower bud. C, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F. Part of calyx showing interior.

G, Petal.

228 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

12. Lagerstroemia crispa Pierre ex Laness, Plant. Util. (1886)

321: & Koehne, in Engl. Jahrb. LXLI (1908) 102 (seminuda)

ex Gapnep in Not. Syst. III (1914) 357 et in Fl. Indochine II

(1921) 945 fig. 101-4. — Fig. 14.

A tree, branchlets puberulous. Leaves lanceolate or ovate-

elliptic, 6-10 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm broad, acuminate at the apex,

shortly angustate at base, slightly undulate in margin, more or

less puberulous on nerves on both surfaces especially along the

midrib, shining and minutely gland-dotted above, dark or

brownish green in colour, paler beneath; 8-11 nerves on each

side; petiole 2-4 mm long. Panicle terminal, 8-25 cm _ long,

minutely grey pubescent, lateral branches 4-12 cm long, axis

and branchlets quadrangular with each angle shortly winged.

Flowers bi-bracteolate, lateral ones in the ultimate trichotomy

pedicelled, the middle one larger and sessile, bracteoles small

linear. Flower bud turbinate or pyriform, prominently nipped at

apex, 6 ridged; ridges much crispate in the calyx tube, auriculate

at the sinus, undulately and crispately narrowed along both

sides of the suture towards the apex. Calyx deciduously

puberulous; lobes 6, triangular, 3 mm long, patent, slightly

puberulous within. Petals oblong, 5 mm long (including 1—-1.5 mm

long claw), 3-4 mm broad, shortly cuneate at base. Stamens

3-6 thicker and longer, others many, subequal. Ovary obovate

with a long slender style.

INDOCHINA: Annam, Tourane (Clemens 3,477: A, BM, UC).

Cochinchina Prov. Bun Hao at Baochiang (Pierre 4,995: BM —

isoholotype).

In the protolog the leaves are described as being glabrous

on both surfaces but they are minutely puberulous on the nerves

on both surfaces. In L. undulata the calyx ridges are less

undulate and crispate, the auricules at the sinus hollow and

abruptly narrowed along the sutures.

13. Lagerstroemia paniculata (Turcz.) Vidal, Phan. Cuming

Philipp. (1885) 39 et 115; Koehne in Engl., Pflanzr. 17 = IV.

216 (1903) 268 fig. 55 W & X — Fig. 15.

L. calycina Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. ITV (1883) 25 et in Engl.

u. Prantl., Pflanzf. III, 7 (1891) fig. 5 C & X: isonym.

L. piriformis Koehne Merr., Sec. Enum. Philipp. III (1923)

i37omp.

Pterocalymma_ paniculata Turcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow

XIX (1846) 508; Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. I (1848) 295. basinym.

A tree 15-18 m tall. Leaves oblong-elliptic or ovate-oblong,

6-17 cm long, 3-7 cm broad, obtusely acuminate at the apex,

subrounded often oblique and shortly cuneate at the base,

glabrous and dark green above, deciduously puberulous along

the midrib and dotted and paler beneath, 8-11 nerved on each

side; petiole 5-10 mm long. Panicle terminal 10-30 cm long,

5—20 cm broad; young growth minutely velutinous, quadrangular

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 229

« &

YR gis

ae SA =

NINA AL

“e

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 15. L. paniculata (Turcz.) (A-C: Cuming 1,188 in E — isoholotype;

D-E Azurin 29,375 in SING).

A, Twig with leaves and inflorescence. B-C, Flower bud. D & F,

Flower after anthesis. E, Longitudinal section of flower.

230 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

and slightly winged at each angle. Flower bud turbinate 8-12 mm

long with wings undulate and crispate, 4-6 mm in diam., enlarged

at the sinus and then gradually narrowed along the sutures

toward the bud-apex; but nipple up to 1 mm long; pedicel

4-5 mm long; the mid flower in the dichotomy sessile. Calyx

in flower 10-30 mm long, 4-5 mm broad, puberulous, 6-ridged

somewhat abruptly narrowed into a long 3-5 mm long base;

lobes 3 mm long, triangular, thickened or slightly winged in

the margins at the apex, gradually broader winged towards the

base. Petal oblong about 5 mm, excluding 2 mm long claw,

3—4 mm broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens many, 6 thicker

and longer filamented, the others subequal. Ovary oblong with

a long slender style. Capsule not seen.

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, loc. incert. (Cuming 1,188: A —

clasto-holotype; E — isoholotype); Isabela Province at San

Mariano (Ramos & Edano 46,861: B, SING & UC); Isabela

Prov. (Azurin 29,375: A, SING & UC); Laguna Prov.

(Amarillas 25,122: GH); Mount Makiling (Abadilla 35,394: A,

PNH); Casiguran in Tayabas Prov. (Ramos & Edano 45,371:

UC): South Camarines (Ahern in 1902, s.n.: UC); Montalban in

Rizal Prov. (Loher 13,251: UC).

The holotype is apparently in Herbarium Petropolitanum (now

of Leningrad), whence Koehne had received as a gift a fragment

of the specimen. This fragment is now in the Herbarium of the

Arnold Arboretum. Hence we have indicated this as clastoholotype.

14. Lagerstroemia pterosepala Furtado et Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 16.

A speciebus omnibus cum calycum alis crispato-undulatis haec

species facile distinguenda: alis chartaceis, e basi alabastri

angustissimis superne dilatatis, ad sinum constrictis, secus suturam

utrinque convexo ampliatis, post anthesin longitudinaliter plicatis

sepala externe tectis; petalis rhomboideis, circa 10 mm _ longis,

9 mm latis.

Holotypus: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Abra Prov. (Adduru

21,959: A).

Arbuscula ut videtur; ramulis primum alutaceis dein badiis,

glabris, quadrangulatis, secus angulos alatulatis. Folia elliptica vel

obovato-elliptica, utringue glabra vel subtus secus costam obscure

parceque pilosula, utrinsecus 5-7 nervata, supra lucida,

fuscescentia, secus costam depressam glandulis paucis praedita,

subtus viridescentia, minute brunneo-glandulosissima, basi acuta in

petiolo 1-3 mm longo breviter decurrentia, apicem versus breviter

acuminata, summo obtusa. Inflorescentia apicalis, 3-6 cm longa.

in ramulos paucos perbreves angulatos, alatos, puberulos 1-2

- divisa. Alabastra claviformia, 6-alata, alis chartaceis alutaceis

crispato-undulatis, superne valde ampliatis, ad sinum constrictis,

secus suturm utrinsecus convexo dilatatis, post anthesin longi-

tudinaliter retroflexis, sepala externe tectis. Flores: pedunculi,

pedicelli calycesque canescente puberuli; tubus calycis circa

A le le tg

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 231

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 16. L. pterosepala Furtado et Montien (Adura 21,959 in A —

holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower. E, Longitudinal

section flower. F, Petal. G, Calyx in flower to show external

structure.

1cm

232 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

10 mm longus, obconicus; sepala 4-5 mm longa; petala rhomboidea

vel obovato-rhomboidea, basi breviter decurrentia, margine

repanda apice obsusa, cum unguiculo 1—-1.5 mm longo 10-11 mm

longa, 9 mm lata. Stamina 3-6 longiora, altera plura subequalia,

breviora. Ovarium subglobosum, glabrum.

PHILIPPINES: Luzon Septentrionalis, prov. Abra (Adduru

21959: A — holotypus); prov. Ilocos meridionalis (Clemens

15,815: UC).

Treelet apparently, branchlets yellowish grey at first, then

dull brown, glabrous, tetragonal, slightly winged along the edges.

Leaves 5-8 cm long, 2.5-5 cm broad, elliptic or obovate-elliptic,

shortly acuminate with obtuse apex, convexly cuneate and shortly

decurrent at base, opposite or sub-opposite, shining chestnut

brown above, greenish with dark brown dots beneath, glabrous

on both sides or sometimes slightly and deciduously puberulous

on the midrib beneath, 5—7 nerved on each side; petiole 1-3 mm

long. Inflorescence 3-6 cm long, terminal panicle, minutely grey

pubescent with a few short angled and winged branchlets, each

subdivided or not, ultimately bearing 1-3 flowers; mid-fiower

larger, sessile on 5 mm long peduncle; side flower on 2—5 mm

long pedicel, both peduncle and pedicel quadrangular, shortly

winged. Flower bud club shaped or nearly so, about 10 mm

long, 6 mm in diam.; ridges 6, winged, wings chartaceous,

undulate and crispate, enlarged both sides toward the sinus,

convexly dilated along both sides of the suture: calyx tube funnel

shaped, 10 mm long, 6-7 mm in diam.; lobes 6, with the marginal

wings folded longitudinally backwards, patent or erect in flower.

slightly puberulous at the apex within. Petal 10 mm _ long

(including 1-2 mm long claw), 9 mm broad, rhomboidal, shortly

cuneate at base. Stamen 3-6 longer and thicker ones, others many,

subequal. Ovary subglobose, glabrous.

PHILIPPINES: North Luzon: prov. Abra (Adduru 21,959:

A — holotype); prov. South Ilocos (Clemens 15,815: UC).

From all the species having crispate and sinuate wings to the

calyx, this taxon is very remarkably distinct in its wings being

conspicuously chartaceous and often much dilated along both

sides of the ridge below the sinus, somewhat constricted at the

sinus and then enlarged convexly along both sides of the sutures,

folded longitudinally backwards so as to cover the calyx lobes

after the anthesis of the flower; the petals are rhomboidal about

10 mm long and 9 mm wide, shortly cuneate at base.

15. Lagerstroemia crassifolia Furtado et Montien — Fig. 17.

A L. borneense cui valde affinis, haec species calycibus

fructiferis costis minus prominentibus, sepalis reflexis, basi breviore

pedicellatis, foliis coriaceis sat distincta.

Holotypus: BORNEO: Sabah, regio Sandakan ad Gumantong,

prope flumen Lambah (Ahwing 47,262: SING).

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 233

Fig. 17. L. crassifolia (Ahwing 47,262 in SING — holotype).

A, Twig. B, Twig with capsules.

234 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

A tree 50 ft. tall. Leaves oblong-elliptic, coriaceous, 5-8 cm

long, 3-4 cm broad, shortly acuminate or acute or obtuse at

the apex, often oblique at base, greenish grey and shining above,

dark brown with minutely pubescent along the nerves beneath,

6-10 nerved on each side; petiole 4-6 mm long. Fruiting calyx

shortly cupular, abruptly narrowed into a pedicelliform base,

slightly and straight ridged upto the base, 4-5 mm deep in cup,

10 mm in diam. with stalk-like base 3-4 mm long; lobes six,

4 mm long, completely reflexed. Capsule oblong or subglobose

about 15 mm long, 12 mm in diam.; 6-valved.

BORNEO: Sabah, Sandakan distr. at Gumantong, by Sungei

Lambah (Ahwing 47,262: SING — holotype & SAN —

isoholotype).

This species is very like L. borneensis but the fruiting calyx

ridges are less prominent, the pedicelliform base shorter, sepals

completely reflexed and the leaves very coriaceous and often

oblique. It belongs to L. borneensis-piriformis-koehneana group

which requires a further collecting to enable a comparison

between the forms and clarify their status.

16. Lagerstroemia borneensis Furtado et Montien — Fig. 18.

Inter species (e.g. L. piriformis) cum calycibus fructiferis in

longam_ pedicelliformen basin abrupte angustatis, alabastris

6-costatis piriformis basi breviter pedicellatis ponenda, sed haec

species costis ad sinum usque deciduo recteque alulatis, post

horum lapsum etiam prominentibus, ad sinum haud gibbosis,

supra desinentibus, secus suturas mox sulcatas; fructus calyce

fere medio in basin pedicelliformiter subito angustato, costis

prominentibus rectis acutis e sino ad basin conspicuis praedito;

sepalis haud alatis, fere arrectis; fructu oblongo breviter apiculato

differt.

Holotypus: Borneo orientalis, regio Kutai, juxta flumen Belajan

(Kostermans 10,249: SING).

A tree 15-32 m high. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, (ovate

and smaller in the lower part of twigs), 4-9 mm long, 3-4 cm

broad, acute or obtuse at the apex, sometimes shortly acuminate,

glabrous and shining above, minutely gland dotted, puberulous

on nerves and brownish beneath, 6-9 nerved on each side; petiole

2-5 mm long. Panicle terminal, cylindrical, 10-30 cm _ long,

5-10 cm broad, dark grey or brown puberulous, slightly angular

in the axis and branchlets when young; bracts small, leaf-like,

deciduous. Flower-bud minutely brown pubescent, obscurely

apiculate, turbinate gradually elongated at base, 11 mm long

(including 3 mm long pedicelliform base), 6 ridged: ridges

prominent, shortly and deciduously winged, straight, desinent

above the sinus. Calyx in flower campanulate, 10-12 mm long

(including 4-5 mm long pedicelliform base), 6 mm in diam.,

prominently straight-ridged; lobe 3 mm long, triangular, spreading

or reflexed, slightly thickened along the margin; lateral flowers

borne on a pedicel about 5 mm long; mid-flowers sessile. Petal

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 235

iS NG ya,

vil?

Fig. 18. L. borneensis (A-E; Kostermans 10,249 in SING — holotype;

F: Kostermans 5,046 in SING — holotype of fruit.)

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Capsule.

236 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

rhomboidal, 12 mm long (including 2-3 mm claw), 6-7 mm

broad, acute at the apex, undulate in the margin, narrowly

decurrent into the claw. Stamen many, subequal. Ovary ovate,

glabrous; style about 15 mm long, slender. Fruiting calyx 7 mm

deep, 12 mm in diam., narrowed into a 3.5 mm long pedicelliform

base; ridges straight, conspicuous even at base. Capsule light

brown, oblong, 15—17 mm long, 10-12 mm in diam., with a nipple

upto 1 mm long.

BORNEO (East): West Kutei, Kelindjau River near Melan

(Kostermans 9,627: BM, SING); Medom (Neth. Ind. For. Serv.

b.b. 29,270: A, SING); M. Antjaloeng (Endert 2,073: A).

East Kutei, Sungai Menubar region (Kostermans 5,046: PNH,

SING); Berau, Kelei River (Kostermans 21,051: SING). Central

Kutei, Belajan River (Kostermans 10,214: SING, & 10,249: SING

— holotype). |

The fruit has been described from Kostermans No. 5,046

(SING).

This species together with L. crassifolia, L. piriformis and

other allied species or varieties from New Guinea, form a group

of species having small slightly and straight ridged flower buds

and a fruiting calyx narrowed abruptly into a long pedicelliform

base. The different forms have been separated here, but they

must be studied further to see whether any of these represent

merely ecological forms or not.

L. koehneana also belongs to the same group but it has

somewhat larger flower-buds; its fruit is not known.

17. Lagerstroemia cristata Furtado & Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 19.

A L. piriforme haec species facile distinguitur alabastro sine

pedicelliforme base ambitu rhombeo, costis prominentibus in

tubo, prope apicem elevatis et latiusculo sulcatis, sepalis apice

it inter suturas calloso-cristatis, callis inter suturas orientibus,

cum suturis haud junctis. Ad L. callosam proximior sed differt

alabastro majore conspicue apiculato ejusdem costis prope apicem

elevatis et conspicue sulcatis.

Holotypus: PAPUA: Koitaki (Carr 12,270: SING).

A tree about 6 m tall by a stream bank in open savannah land.

Leaves ovate-oblong, 7-11 cm long, 4.5-5.7 cm broad, (apex

not seen), gradually rounded and shortly decurrent at base,

darkened due to bad drying, but apparently of the same colour

as var. piriformis, (greyish-green above, brownish green beneath),

minutely pubescent on nerves and densely black dotted beneath,

7-9 nerved on each side, nerves prominent on both surfaces;

petiole 4-5 mm long. Panicle terminal, pyramidal, often the

lateral branches in the axils of adult leaves, 10-25 cm long or

longer, brownish, puberulous and angular in the axis and branch-

lets when young, lateral pedicels about 3 mm long, mid-flower

in the cyme sessile. Flower bud rhombical, about 11 mm long

(including 3 mm long pedicelliform base), 6-7 mm in diam.,

—_—s.° “~~

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 239

Seeley, P¥be77

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 19. L. cristata (A-F: Carr. 12,270 in SING — holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Petal.

238 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

prominently nippled at the apex; ridges 6, prominent straight in

the calyx tube, slightly undulate above the sinus, much raised

and sulcate near the apex, shortly callose between the sutures at

the sepal tips to form a crest-like nipple about 1 mm long.

Calyx: tube 9-11 mm long (including 3 mm long pedicelliform

base), 6-7 mm in diam., lobes 6, 4 mm long, somewhat

longitudinally folded along the margins outside. Petal broadly

elliptic, abruptly acute at apex, sinuate in margin, 8 mm long,

4-5 mm broad with the claw 2—3 mm long. Stamen many subequal.

Ovary ovate, glabrous, somewhat pustulate; style slender about

19 mm long. Capsules young only seen, veruculose, often pustulate.

PAPUA: Koitaki alt. 450 m (Carr 12,270: BM — isoholotype,

SING — holotype).

This species is easily distinguished from L. piriformis in the

flower-buds without the pedicelliform base being rhombical in

outline, its ridges being prominent in the tube and above the sinus,

raised and conspicuously sulcate near the apex, the sepal tips

being callused between the sutures at the sepal tips to form

a sort of a conical, 6-ridged crest with 6 bases between the

sutures. From L. callosa which is much closer, this species differs

in its flower-buds being slightly larger, distinctly apiculate, and

its ridges raised and conspicuously sulcate near the apex.

18. Lagerstroemia inopinata Furtado et Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 20.

A L. paniculata haec species differt alis alabastri brevioribus,

minus undulatis vel fere rectis, ad sinum haud auriculatis, secus

suturam alatulis, lineario elevatis.

Holotypus: PHILIPPINE: Luzon, Bosoboso (Ahern’s Coll.

204: A).

A tree, apparently not common. Leaves elliptic-oblong or

ovate, 3.5-11.5 cm long, 2-5 cm broad, usually acuminate at

the apex, curvedly: narrowed to the base, greenish or greenish-

brown and glabrous above, paler and glabrous below, sometimes

sparsely pubescent on nerves, generally dotted dark beneath;

7—9 nerved on each side; petiole 2-5 mm long. Panicle terminal

pyramid, 10-25 cm long, 8-12 cm broad; axis and branchlets

deciduously and minutely velutinous, angular and slightly winged

on the axis and branches, often bearing smaller deciduous

leaf-like bracts, primary lateral branches 5-12 cm long. Flower bud

broadly obtrullate with ridges slightly undulate in the tube,

gibbose but not auriculate at the sinus, undulately raised along

the suture, prominently nippled (1 mm long) at the apex; pedicel

2-3 mm long. Calyx funnel shaped, abruptly narrowed into

pedicelliform base, 10-12 mm long (including 3 mm long base),

7 mm in diam., lobes 6, erect, 3 mm long, triangular, acute at

the apex, thinly folded along the margin. Petal obovate, 9-10 mm

long (with 1-2 mm long claw), 6-7 mm broad, shortly acute at

the apex, undulate in the margin. Stamens 5—6 longer and thicker

filamented, others many, shorter, subequal. Ovary ovate, glabrous,

style long, slender.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 239

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 20. L. inopinata (Ahern 204 in A — holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Part of calyx, interior view.

Petal.

240 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Prov. Rizal, loc. incert (Ahern’s coll.

3,127: SING); Bosoboso (Ahern’s coll. 204: A — holotype and

UC — isoholotype); Prov. Tayabas, loc. incert (Varges 25,556: A).

From JL. paniculata this species differs in the calyx wings

being shorter, almost straight somewhat undulate in the younger

buds, hardly enlarged at the sinus but never conspicuously

auriculate though slightly raised and linear along both sides of

the suture.

The specimens of this species have been distributed as

L. piriformis except Ahern’s 3,127 which has been distributed

as L. paniculata. The former and its varieties have very superficial

ridges as compared with L. paniculata and L. inopinata.

19. Lagerstroemia: aruensis Furtado et Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 21.

A L. alatulata valde affinis, sed alabastro conspicue apiculato,

ejusdem costis basin versus altiore alatis sinustisque, ex sinu

sursum abrupte evanescentibus, secus suturas sulcatis haud

incrassatis, sepalis apice, callosis vel non, haec species sat

distincta. A L. inopinata, cui aliquantulum similis, differt haec

species costis alabastri magis undulatis supra sinum haud elevatis.

Holotypus: Insula Kobroor, prope Djierlaj (Ned. Ind. For. Serv.

bb. 25,424: A).

Folia elliptica vel lanceolata, 4-11.5 cm long, 2.5—5.5 cm lata,

in partibus ramuli inferioribus minora, apice acuminata, basi

acuta vel subrotundata, supra coffeata, infra badia, minute et

dense punctulata, 6-8 nervata, nervis inferne deciduo puberulis;

petiolus 4-8 mm longus. Panicula terminalis, 5-17 cm _ longa,

cylindrica in ramulos laterales breves, paucifloros, puberulos,

angulares et leviter alatos divisa. Alabastrum puberulum, basi

cuneatum, 6 costatum, costis infra sinum paulo alatis, sinuatis,

supra sinum abrupte evanescentibus secus suturas sulcatis, haud

incrassatis, 10 mm longum, 5 mm diam., summo apiculatum.

A tree about 15 m tall. Leaves elliptic oblong, or ovate elliptic.

4-11.5 cm long, 2.5.5 cm broad, smaller in the lower part of

branches, acuminate at the apex, acute or sub-rounded at base,

dirty green or coffee coloured above, chestnut brown and black

dotted beneath, 6-8 nerved on each side; nerves deciduously

puberulous beneath; petiole 4-8 mm long. Panicle terminal,

5-17 cm long, cylindrical, shortly and remotely branched, grey

puberulent, angular and slightly winged in axis. Flower-bud

funnel shaped in the lower part, 10 mm long, 5 mm in diam.;

ridges 6, undulate or crispate in the tube, somewhat gibbose at

the sinus, evanescent in the suture, greyish brown velutinous

with a short nipple about 0.5 mm long, often callose at apex

between the sutures. Calyx 9-14 mm long, 5 mm in diam.,

ridges crispate or undulate, tube gradually cuneate into a 5-7 mm

long base; lobes 6, thickened in the margin, patent. Petal ovate

about 8 mm long (including 3 mm long claw) 4 mm broad,

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 241

3 a

Fig. 21. L. aruensis (Neth. Ind. For. Serv. bb. 25,424 in A — holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Longitudinal section of

flower. E, Flower after anthesis. F, Petal.

242 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

undulate in the margin. Stamens many, 3-6 thicker and longer

filaments, others subequal. Ovary ovate with about 12 mm long

style, glabrous.

ARU ARCHIPELAGO: Pulau Kobroor, Dijierlaj. (Buwalda

5,290: A & PNH — paratypes; Neth. Ind. For. Serv. bb. 25,424:

A — holotype, SING — isoholotype).

MOLUCCAS: Halmahera, Gamsungi (Pleyte 199: PNH &

SING — paratypes).

(The Aru Archipelago is near New Guinea).

This species is a close ally of L. alatulata, from which, however,

it differs in flower buds being conspicuously nippled at apex,

its ridges being broader and sinuate towards the base and abruptly

disappearing above the sinus along the suture. L. inopinata

which resembles somewhat this species, has its ridges conspicuously

raised and sinuate above the sinus.

Tay Lagerstroemia alatulata Furtado et Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 22.

Inter species cum foliis viridescentibus subtus fusco-punctulatis,

inflorescentiis pyramidalibus, alabastri costis secus suturam

elevatulis haud alatis haec species sat distincta; folii costa subtus

interdum puberula, alabastri costis infra sinum alatis sinuatisque,

ad sinum plus minusve gibbosis, secus suturam sulcatis vix

incrassatis. A L. paniculata cui valde affinis, differt costis alabastri

ad sinum haud auriculatis secus suturam non alatis nec elevatis.

Holotypus: PHILIPPINES, Insula Luzon, Provincia Laguna

(Sulit 8,173: A).

Folia elliptico-oblonga vel lanceolata, 4.5-13 cm longa, 2.5—-5 cm

lata, acuta vel acuminata, in petiolum 4-6 mm longum breviter

decurrentia, supra viridia, subtus pallidiora vel fuscescentia,

utringue glabra vel interdum subtus secus costam _ puberula,

utrinsecus 7—9 nervata. Inflorescentia pyramidalis, 12-30 cm longa,

densiflora, axi quadrangularis breviter alata, minute et deciduo

velutina, bracteis foliaceis saepe praedita. Alabastra griseo

puberula, ambitu late obtrullata, cum basi 9 mm alta, 5 mm in

diam., alis 6, ad sinum paullo gibbosis saepe crispatis, haud

conspicue auriculatis, inferne sinuatis, supra secus suturam

incrassatulis sulcatis praedita. Petala cum 2 mm unguiculo 9-10

mm longa, 6—7 mm lata, suborbicularia, margine undulata. Fructus

(Vidal 356 —C: A) late ellipticus, 15 mm longus, 11 mm in diam.

A tree 15-18 m tall. Leaves elliptic-oblong or lanceolate,

4.5-13 cm long, 2.5-S cm broad (smaller in the lower part of

inflorescence), acuminate or acute at the apex, shortly decurrent

into petiole, green, slightly paler and brown dotted beneath,

glabrous on both sides or deciduously puberulous in the midrib

beneath, 7-9 nerved on each side; petiole 4-6 mm long. Panicle

a densly flowered, terminal pyramid, 12-30 cm long, 8-18 cm

broad, deciduously and minutely velutinous when young, angular

and slightly winged in axis and branchlets, often bearing leaf-like

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 243

Smm JURAIML DEL:

Fig. 22. L. alatulata (A-F: Sulit 8.173 in A — holotype; G: Vidal 356¢ in

A).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower. E, Longitudinal section

of flower. F, Petal. G. Twig with capsules.

244 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

bracts. Flower bud 9 mm long (including 2 mm long pedicelliform

base), 5 mm in diam., turbinate, grey puberulous; ridges 6,

winged and sinuate in the tube, slightly gibbose and crispate at

the sinus and very slightly thickened and furrowed along the

suture. Calyx 10 mm long, 5 mm in diam., with crispate or

undulate ridges; lobes 6, 3 mm long, very slightly thickened

along the margin. Petal 9-10 mm long (including 2 mm long claw),

6-7 mm broad, suborbicular, undulate in the margin. Stamen

6 thicker and longer filamented, others smaller many, subequal.

Ovary ovate, style glabrous, about 17 mm long. Fruiting calyx

(in Vidal 346 c) 10 mm long, 11 mm in diam., narrowed abruptly

into a pedicelliform 4.5 mm long base, lobe 6, spreading. Fruit

broadly elliptic, 15 mm long, 11 mm in diam.

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Laguna Prov. on Mount Makiling

(Sulit 8,173: A — holotype: PNH — isoholotype, & 22.870: PNH):

Cagayan Prov. (Bernardo: 20,449: BM); Albay (Vidal 784 bis: A).

Panay, Hoilo (Vidal 356 c: A — type of the fruit). Samar (Ramos

1705: GH & SING).

The specimens have been distributed as L. piriformis; Vidal

784 bis has been identified as L. batitinan Vidal & so reduced

to L. piriformis; however this is not one of the syntypes of

Vidal’s species.

Further L. piriformis is described to have superficial ridges,

whereas the calyx ridges here are deeper and sinuate almost as

in L. paniculata, but not auriculate at the sinus and winged along

the margins of the sepals.

21. Lagerstroemia moluccana Furtado et Montien spec. nov. —

Fig. 23.

Ad gregem specierum cum foliis viridescentibus subtus

densissime nigro-punctulatis pertinens, sed inflorescentiis cylindricis,

costis alabastri infra sinum leviter alatis, paullulo sinuatis, supra

sinum late sulcatis, apicem obscure mammillatam versus sulcis

angustissimis haec species facile distinguenda.

Holotypus: MOLUCCAS, in prov. Morotai prope Totodokoe

(Tangkilisan 108 = bb. 33,802: SING).

Arbor, ramulis hornotinis quadrangularis, minute pubescentibus,

secus angulas alatulatis. Foliia 5-11 cm longa, 2.5-5 cm lata,

elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, basi breviter angustata, glabra,

supra viridia lucida glandulosa, subtus pallidiora densissime

fusco vel nigro-punctulota, utrinsecus 5-8 nervosa; petiolus

5-9 mm longus, supra applanatus. Inflorescentia 7-15 cm longa,

cylindrica, breviter ramulosa; ramuli pedunculi pedicellique

eodemodo pubescentes et angulati; pedicelli circa 7 mm longi.

Alabastra 7-9 mm longa, 5-6 mm lata obovata obscure mammillata

vel non, 6-costata, costis infra sinum brevissime alatis, paulo

sinuatis, supra sinum late sulcatis, sulcis apicem versus

angustissimis. Calyx abrupte in pedicelliformem basin 3 mm

longam angustatus, tubo circa 7 mm longus, 7 mm in diam.,

minute griseo pubescens, lobis refiexis, 3-4 mm longis secus

bb. 33,802 in SING —

L. moluccana (Tangkilisan 108

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis.

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Part of calyx, exterior view. G-H,

Capsule.

holotype).

Furtado — Lagerstroemia

Fig. 23.

JURAIMI DEL.

246 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

marginem paulo incrassatis. Stamina 6 longiora et crassiora, altera

subequalia, plura. Calyx fructiferus pateriformis, 12 mm in diam.,

lobis reflexis. Capsula oblonga 16 mm in longa, 13 mm in diam.,

5-valvata.

A tree 22-30 m high. Leaves 5-11 cm long, 2.5-5 cm broad,

oblong or elliptic oblong, acuminate or acute at the apex, curvedly

narrowed and shortly angustate at base, dark green, shining,

minutely gland dotted above, paler and black dotted beneath,

_ glabrous on both surfaces; 5-8 nerved on each side; petiole

5-9 mm long, flat, furrowed in the middle. /nflorescence 7-15

cm long, minutely pubescent all over, cylindrically branched;

branchlets and peduncles quadrangular with shortly winged;

pedicel about 7 mm long, similarly angled. Flower bud 7-9 mm

long, 5-6 mm in diam., obovate, shortly nippled at the apex,

6 ridged; ridges slightly undulate, broadly furrowed at the sinus

above. Calyx tube abruptly narrowed into the base, 10 mm long

(including 3 mm long base), 7 mm broad, minutely grey pubescent;

lobes reflexed, 3-4 mm long, slightly thickened into margin.

Petal rhomboidal about 9 mm long, 4 mm broad, acute at the

apex, undulate in the margin. Stamen subequal, 6 longer and

thicker ones, others many. Ovary globose or ovate. Fruiting calyx

adpressed to the fruit, saucer-shaped, 12 mm in diam., lobes

reflexed. Fruit short oblong, 16 mm long, 13 mm in diam.,

5-valved.

MOLUCCAS: Morotai, Totodokoe at Tobelo (Tangkilisan

14 = bb. 33,726: PNH & SING & No. 108 = bb. 33,802: BM

& PNH — isoholotypes & SING — holotype, & 205 = bb. 33,878:

SING); Totodokoe (Kostermans 614: A, PNH & SING).

This taxon falls into a group of Pterocalymma species having

cylindrical inflorescences, green leaves which are densely black

dotted below, and the ridges of the flower bud hardly winged

and nearly straight below the sinus, but is readily distinguished

in having its ridges broadly furrowed above the sinus but soon

narrowed and closely sulcate towards the apex.

22. Lagerstroemia koehneana K. Schum. in K. Schum. and Hollr.,

Fl. Kais.-Wilh.-Land (1889) 85: Koehne in Engl., Pflanzr.

17 — IV. 216 (1903) 266. — Fig. 24.

A tree up to 42 m high. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic-oblong,

sometimes sub-orbicular in the lower part of twigs, 7-10 cm

long, 3-4.5 cm broad, acuminate or acute at the apex, sub-rounded

or shortly narrowed at the base, slightly bicolourous greenish

at first, later turning greenish brown, minutely puberulous,

densely and minutely gland dotted above, densely black dotted

below; 6-9 nerved, nerves more prominent above; petiole 3-5

mm long. Panicle terminal sub-pyramidal with short and distant

lateral branches 10-25 cm long, 8-25 cm broad; axis minutely

velutinous when young, angular and slightly winged; bracteoles

greenish, largest 5 mm long, deciduous. Flower bud 12-18 mm

long (including 5-7 mm long pedicelliform base), 7 mm in diam.,

turbinate, 6 ridged, apiculate, whitish puberulous when young,

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 247

7mm

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 24. L. koehneana K. Schum (Darbyshire & Hoogland 8,037. SING).

A, Portion of an inflorescence. B-C, Flower bud. D, Longitudinal

section of flower. E, Flower after anthesis.

248 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

yellowed later; ridges darker, 6 ridged, somewhat winged and

slightly undulate in the tube, evanescent above the sinus; pedicel

of lateral flowers + 5 mm long and pedicelliform base 4-5 mm

long, pedicelliform base of the middle 7 mm long and sessile

flower, nipple about 1 mm long. Calyx lobes patent, 5 mm long,

slightly thickened along the margin. Petals 10 mm long (including

3 mm long claw), 7 mm broad, suborbicular with a slightly

acute at the apex, undulate in the margin. Stamens many, 6 thicker

and longer filamented, others subequal. Ovary obovate with

about 17 mm long style, glabrous. Capsule (according to Koehne)

13-15 mm long, 10-13 mm in diam., oblong-globose, apiculate.

NEW GUINEA: Sepik Distr., Aitape Subdistr., Goiniri

(Darbyshire and Hoogland 8,037: BM, E, LAE, PNH, SING).

Madang Distr., Sein (Hoogland 4,868: A, BM, LAE); Koropa

in Ramu Valley (Hoogland 5,073: A, LAE); Silau in Gogal Valley

(Hoogland 4,908: A, BM, LAE); loc. incert (leg? sn. A —

clastoholotype apparently). .

The portion quoted above as the clastoholotype (part of the

holotype) was taken from the Berlin Herbarium by Koehne for

his private herbarium. It bears a piece of paper on which

‘“‘Lagerstroemia sp.’ is written, and identified apparently by

Schumann first as ‘“‘L. fordii Oliver et Koehne’’, and then it has

been crossed to name the specimen as “‘L. koehneana Schumann’.

The holotype was from former German New Guinea collected

by Hollrung No. 704.

Koehne had apparently accumulated bits of many authentic

specimens for his own herbarium on Lythraceae.

23. Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883)

25 and insEnel. Pilanzenr. 17 = *1V—216 (1903) 2672 “Wier

and Rolfe in Philipp. Journ. Sci. HI (1908) Bot. 116 excl.

syn.; Merr., Enum. Philipp. Pl. III (1923) 137 pp. and excl.

syn.

forma piriformis — Fig. 25.

Holotypus: PHILIPPINES: (Cuming 1,675, not seen).

A tree about 15-20 m tall. Leaves elliptic or elliptic-oblong

or ovate, 3-12 cm long, 2-5 cm broad (often much smaller in

the lower part of twigs), acuminate or acute at the apex,

cuneate or sub-rounded at base, shortly decurrent into petiole,

greyish green above, brownish green, minutely and deciduously

puberulous on nerves and minutely dark dotted beneath,

undulate in the margin, 6-9 nerved on each side; petiole

2-4 mm long. Panicle terminal, pyramidal, 7-20 cm _ long,

7-15 cm broad, minutely grey velutinous, angular and slightly

winged in the axis and branchlets when young. Flower bud

9-12 mm long (including 3-5 mm long pedicelliform base),

5 mm in diam.; obscurely nippled at apex; ridges 6, superficial,

straight in developed buds, somewhat angular earlier in the

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 249

7 = ———s\

—S

——

= ————

rc— QQ

rae

——

JURAIMI DEL.

: Fig. 25. L. piriformis Koehne form. piriformis (A-F Sulit 14,565: A;

Wenzel 1,459: A).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Petal. G, Capsule.

250 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

lower parts, slightly thickened along the suture on the top,

very slightly furrowed. Calyx 8 mm long (including 3.5 mm long

pedicelliform base), 5 mm in diam.; lobes 3 mm long, slightly

thickened along the margin. Petal obovate, 6 mm long (including

1-2 mm long claw), 4 mm broad, fimbriate or much undulate in the

margin. Stamens 6 thicker and longer filamented, others smaller,

many, subequal. Ovary ovate, glabrous; style about 15 mm long.

Fruiting calyx 10 mm long (including 4 mm long pedicelliform

base), 10 mm in diam., narrowed abruptly into the base, slightly

ridges and straight in the lower half of the tube; lobes patent

or reflexed. Capsule broadly elliptic, 15 mm long, 11 mm in diam.,

prominently nippled (2 mm long).

PHILIPPINES: Samar, Catarman, Mt. Cansayao (Sulit 14,565:

A, BM, PNH). Leyte, loc. incert. (Wenzel 297: A, E, GH,

1,254: A, GH; 1,459: A, BM, GH: Franco 25,759: A); Tacloban

(Wenzel 1,653: SING); Palo (Elmer 7,128: A, E). Mindanao,

Prov. Cotabato (Ferraris 23,038: A); Prov. Surigao (Ramos

and Pasgasio 34,776: A, Mallonga 27,001: A); Prov. Davao at

Mati (Ramos and Edano 48,974: UC).

Sterile specimens representing young new growth collected by

Conklin under nos. 39,195 and 39,234 at Mt. Yagaw, E. Mindoro,

Philippines, probably belong to this species.

Though we have not seen the holotype (Cuming 1,675) or its

duplicates, we have ventured to typify the species on the details

given by Koehne (1883 and 1903) who described the flower buds

as piriform, slightly costate with a rounded, not apiculate apex.

Specimens answering this description are many in the Philippines

though it is difficult to decide whether the type represented the

batitinan form or what we have called here forma piriformis

(e.g. Sulit 14,565 and Wenzel 1,653). But other forms have been

separated either as varieties of L. piriformis or definite species.

It may be noted that L. piriformis and its varietus or forms

(batitinan, callosa and valleculata) as well as the species L. cristata,

L. inopinata, L. crassifolia, L. borneensis, L. alatulata,

L. moluccana and L. aruensis are closely allied and are linked to

L. pterosepala, L. paniculata and L. crispa to form a large

macro-species. L. koehneana seems to fall also into this group,

but it has much larger flower buds. Similarly vars. novoguineensis,

riedeliana and apiculata and perhaps also var. minor of

L. ovalifolia may fall into this group. A thorough study of these

forms based on better flowering and fruiting specimens are needed

to clarify the status of these taxa.

Merrill (1923) including under this species some specimens of

L. paniculata.

23a. Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne var. valleculata Furtado

et Montien var. nov. — Fig. 26.

A var. piriforme haec varietas facile distinguitur alabastri haud

apiculati costis secus suturas applanatis haud incrassatis, mature

valleculatis infra sinum paullo prominentibus rectis, inflorescentiis

fere cylindricis.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 251

omm JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 26. L. piriformis Koehne var. valleculata (A-E: Carr. 12,043 in

SING — holotype; F: Carv. 12,628 in SING).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower. E, Longitudinal

section of flower. F, Capsule.

252 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

Holotypus: PAPUA: Koitaki (Carr 12,043: SING).

A tree about 9 m tall. Leaves oblong or elliptic or obovate,

5-8 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm broad, acute or obtuse at the apex,

rarely acuminate, dark brown or sometimes greenish above

(badly dried), paler and minutely dotted beneath with lower

midrib often puberulous, 6-8 nerved on each side; petiole 3-5

mm long. Panicle terminal, cylindrical or obscurely pyramidal,

10-30 cm long, 4-10 cm broad, brown puberulous; pedicels of

lateral flowers short, about 2 mm or more long, the mid flowers

sessile, Flower bud clavate, abruptly narrowed towards the base,

about 10 mm long (including 3 mm long pedicelliform base),

5 mm in diam., not nippled at apex; ridges 6, superficial, straight

and angular below the sinus, evanescent above, not raised or

thickened along the suture, but broadly furrowed on maturity.

Calyx 8 mm long (including 3 mm long base), 5-6 mm broad,

larger in mid-flowers (about 12 mm long, 6 mm broad); lobes

4 mm long, not thickened along the margins. Petal obovate,

10-11 mm long (including 3-5 mm long claw), 5 mm broad,

undulate in the margin, decurrent into the claw. Stamen 3-6

thicker and longer filamented, others smaller, many, subequal.

Ovary ovate, glabrous with about 18 mm long slender style.

Fruiting calyx saucer-shaped, abruptly narrowed into 3-5 mm

long pedicelliform base, 12 mm in diam., ridges superficial,

straight; lobes patent. Capsule short-oblong or _ subglobose,

15-17 mm long, 12-14 mm in diam., light brown in colour,

nippled at the apex (1 mm long).

PAPUA: Koitaki, alt. 450 m (Carr 12,043: A & BM —

isoholotypes; SING — holotype; Carr 12,628: BM & SING);

Sogeri (Heather 2,806: A & LAE). Olive Ridge (Millar 23,520:

LAE & SING). Port Moresby (Eddowes & Kumul 13,081:

LAE & SING).

This variety, like var. piriformis, has superficial ridges in

the tube and no -apex in the bud, but differs from it in the

flower buds flattened, not thickened, and broadly channelled

along the sutures when mature. The inflorescence is subpyramidal,

almost cylindrical.

The specimens have all been badly dried and became very

black.

Heather 2,806 has slightly elongate fruits.

23b. Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne var. callosa Furtado et

Montien var. nov. — Fig. 27.

A var. piriforme haec varietas facile distinguitur alabastro

calviforme, apice fere truncato vel rotundato, costis basin versus,

conspicuis, ad sinum utrinque evanescentibus, prope apicem

elevatis sulcatis, sepalis inter suturas apice callosis.

Holotypus: PAPUA: Maipa (Darbyshire 928: LAE).

A tree about 18 m tall. Leaves elliptic or broadly elliptic or

obovate-elliptic, 5-10 cm long, 2.5-4.5 cm broad, lower leaves

in a twig often smaller, acuminate or acute or sometimes obtuse

at apex, shortly narrowed at base, glabrous, shining and green

ee)

Furtado — Lagerstroemia a vs 2

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 27. L. piriformis Koehne var. callosa (A-G: Darbyshire 928 in LAE

— holotype; H: Saunder 2 in A).

A, Fertile twig. B, Part of inflorescence. C-D, Flower bud. E,

Flower after anthesis. F, Longitudinal section of flower. G, Petal.

H, Capsule.

‘254 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

above, paler, densely dotted and puberulous at the nerves beneath,

6-9 nerved on each side; dots minute green first, later brown

and finally black; petiole 4-7 mm long. Panicle terminal,

‘cylindrical or sub-pyramidal, 5-30 cm long, 3-15 cm _ broad,

few flowered, minutely grey puberulous, slightly winged in the

‘young axis and branchlets. Flower bud grey puberulous, abruptly

narrowed in the base, rounded at the apex, globose without its

basis, together with 2-3 mm long pedicelliform base, 8-10 mm

long, 6 mm in diam., prominently ridged in the basal half, ridges

evanescent on both sides of the sinus but only to reappear just

before the apex, hardly thickened along the suture, callose at

‘apex between the sutures. Calyx 6 mm long, 5 mm broad,

abruptly narrowed to the pedicelliform, ridged base; lobes 6,

hardly thickened in the margin, 4-5 mm long, refiexed. Petal

short oblong-elliptic about 10 mm long (including 4 mm long

claw), 5 mm broad, undulate in the margin. Stamess many,

subequal. Ovary obovate, glabrous; style about 18 mm long.

Fruiting calyx cup-shaped, abruptly narrowed into 3-7 mm long

pedicelliform base; lobes patent or reflexed. Capsule globose

about 15 mm long, 12-13 mm in diam., 4-5 valved.

PAPUA: Northern District: Komabun (Saunders 2: A, BM,

LAE). Central District: Maipa (Darbyshire 928: LAE — holotype,

PNH — isoholotype); Prov. incert., Budatobara (Brass 748: A).

This variety differs from the var. piriformis in its bud being

almost balloon-shaped, somewhat rounded at its apex, its ridges

prominent in the basal half, evanescent in the upper half below

the sinus, reappearing just close to the apex, callose at the sepal

tips between the sutures. The fruiting calyx also shows no

distinct ridges except on the pedicelliform base.

On geographical ground this variety has been referred in

herbaria to L. koehneana which has larger and deeper ridges,

obtrullate buds with a conspicuously long apex.

23c. Lagerstroemia piriformis Koehne forma batitinan (Vidal)

Furtado et Montien stat. nov. — Fig. 28.

L. batitinan Vidal, Rev. Pl. Vasc. Filip. (1886) 139; Koehne

in op. cit. (1903) 267; Ceron, Cat. Pl. Herb. Filip. (1892) 85

basinym.

L. hexaptera Mig. sensu F.-Vill., Noviss. App. (1880) 92 p.p.:

Vidal, Sinops, Atlas (1883) 27 t. SO fig. A.

L. piriformis Koehne sec. Merr. et Rolfe in Philipp. Journ. Sci.

III (1908) 116 p.p.; Merr. Enum. Philipp. Pl. III (1923) 137 p.p.

A L. piriforme forma piriforme hoc taxon recedit alabastro

minore obscurissime apiculato vel non, ejusdem tubo obconoideo

quam cupola pyramidalis vel quam pedicelliformis basis subduplo

longiore, costis basin versus altioribus interdum leviter sinuatis,

costis calycis fructiferi eodemmodo instructis.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 255

JURAIM| DEL.

Fig. 28. L. piriformis Koehne forma batitinan (A-F: Vidal 356 bis in A

— loctoholotype; G: Williams 2,497 in GH).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud. D, Flower after anthesis. E,

Longitudinal section of flower. F, Petal. G, Capsule.

256 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Lectoholotypus: PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Prov. Laguna, prope

San Antonio (Vidal 356 bis: A).

A tree 5-20 m high. Leaves lanceolate or ovate, 5-16 cm long,

3-5 cm broad, acuminate or obtuse at the apex, shortly decurrent

at base, at first grey puberulous on the midrib and nerves later

glabrous on both surfaces, densely black dotted beneath, minutely

glandular above, usually grey or greyish green above, brownish

green beneath; 6-12 nerved on each side, prominent beneath;

petiole 4-7 mm long. Panicle terminal pyramidal, 10-30 cm long,

5-20 cm broad, deciduously grey puberulous, angular and slightly

winged in the axis and branchlets. Flower bud turbinate about

10 mm long (including 2 mm long pedicelliform base), 5 mm

in diam.; ridges 6, prominent, or slightly undulate, straight, slightly

thickened along the suture on the top and furrowed. Calyx

funnel shaped, about 9 mm long, 6 mm in diam.; lobes 3 mm

long, slightly thickened along the margin. Petal ovate, 8 mm long

(including 2 mm long claw), 5 mm broad, undulately and

irregularly denticulate in the margin. Stamen 3-6 thicker and

longer, others many subequal. Ovary subglobose with about

15 mm long slender style. Fruiting calyx cup-shaped with about

3-4 mm long pedicelliform base, 10-12 mm in diam., much

prominently ridged, straight or slightly undulate. Fruit short-oblong

about 15 mm long, 11-12 mm in diam., nippled at the apex.

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Laguna Prov., San Antonio (Vidal

356 bis: A — lectoholotype), Makiling National Park (Salvoza

1,005 = PNH 3,223: PNH). Tayabas Prov. (Jillran 25,659: SING),

Unisan (Vidal 784: A — lectoparatype), Guinayangan (Escritor

20,832: SING). Samar (Sherfesee, Cenabre and Cortes 21,049:

A, BM); I. Parasan (Vidal 784C: A). Leyte, Ormoc, Lake Danao

(Edano 2,335 = PNH 11,964: PNH, SING). Mindanao,

Zamboanga del Norte (Frake 866 = PNH 38,422: A, PNH);

Davao Prov., Santa Cruz (Williams 2,947: A, GH), Zamboanga

Distr. (Foxworthy, Demesa and Villamil 13,907 bis: E); Misamis

Prov. (Miranda 17,981: A, GH); Zamboanga Distr., Malangas

(Ramos and Edano 37,399: A); Agusan Prov., San Roque

(Mendoza and Convocar 10,415: A, PNH).

This forma is distinguished from the type form (forma piriformis)

by its flower-buds being obscurely apiculate, its pyramidal

cupola being almost equal to its pedicelliform base but about

half the size of the bud’s obconoidal part representing the

calyx tube, its ridges being distinctly higher and sometimes

slightly sinuate especially in the lower part both in the flower bud

and in the fructiferous calyx.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 257

Fernandex-Villar included also L. paniculata under this.

Vidal 356 bis has been erroneously cited as 365 bis by Koehne

and Merrill and Rolfe, but Ceron gives the number 356 bis,

as, written on the specimen’s label. Under LL. hexaptera only -

Vidal’s specimen from San Antonio in the Laguna Province was

cited without any number both by Fernandex-Villar and by Vidal.

The syntypes Vidal 356 bis and 784 are not represented in the

Philippine Herbarium and so we have selected the lectoholotype

out of the duplicates distributed in 1959 from the Philippines.

According to a note from the Herbarium of the Botanic Gardens,

Madrid, Vidal 784C from Samar Prov. is identified as L. batitinan,

but neither this number nor its locality was included in the protolog

of the species nor in Ceron’s Catalogue; hence it cannot be

included as the syntype of the species.

Sect. Adambea

Section Adambea DC. in Mem. Sect. Helv. III, 2 (1826) 70

et Prodr. III (1828) 93; Migq., Fl. Ind. Bat. I (1855) 623 (subgen)

p.p.; Bl. Mus. Lugd. Bat. I (1856) 126 (subgen.) p.p.; Clarke in

Hk. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. II (1879) 577 p.p. (ex altera Leen = Sec.

Trichocarpidium, etc.) stat. nov.

Munchhausenia Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. [TV (1883) 15 et. rene

Pranzenr: 17 = IV. .216 (1903), 260.

Calyx with distinct ridges, ridges twice the number of sepals;

sepals glabrous within. Ovary glabrous.

Section Munchhausia DC. (1826) was created for species

having no ridges on the calyces and was based on a misidentification

of Munchhausia speciosa L. with L. indica L. and L. grandiflora

Roxb. which is a species of Duabanga. Blume (1856) excluded

L. speciosa L. (sensu L. indica) from the section or subgenus and

reserved it entirely for L. grandiflora Roxb. As restricted by

Koehne, Adambea is the oldest name for the section.

Subsection Adambea

Subsection: Adambea sensu Koehne op. cit. (1883) 15 &

(1903) 260.

Subsection Adambeola Koehne op. cit. (1883) 15 & (1903) 262

syn. nov.

Calyx with distinct ridges; sepals glabrous. Capsule large.

DISTRIBUTION: India, Andamans, Malaysia, China, Burma,

Thailand, Indochina, Indonesia, Philippines & New Guinea.

TYPE SPECIES: Adambea glabra Lam. (= Lagerstroemia

reginae Roxb.).

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

258

woOLynos

udosuD)S

Sa ‘AL

—---OD---—) vowmelsueg ‘yasqng ‘(-x-gq-x-) umidivso11] ‘pesqns

( vV-—-—) voquiepy ‘joasqns

f°

:voquiepy UOoldeg JO UuONNQISIG

‘7 dew

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 259

Subsection Adambea

(12 or more ridges, ovary glabrous, sepal glabrous within)

la. Flower buds 8 mm long, 6 mm broad. Calyx with acute ridges;

sepals 3 mm long. Petals 12 mm long (including claw), 8 mm broad.

Leaves dark colour above, glaucous beneath. Fruiting calyx spreading

or slightly reflexed. (Fruit ‘elongate 20) RIT) MID). ce L. hypoleuca.

1b. Flower buds 8-12 mm or more long, 8 mm or more broad, with

ridges flattish, rounded or irregular; sepals 4-6 mm or more long.

Petals over 20 mm long and also broad. Leaves not glaucous beneath.

Fruiting calyx-iobes reflexed, spreading or erect. (Fruit globose or

RIS IN,.. . ae ees = ica CR RR ee ec ON ces oshow an gee ae 2.

2a. Flower buds 10-12 mm long, 8-11 mm in diam. Capsules about

POenm lope, 17-20 mm im Gian 35.4 en. de) As. doc leu edew near 3.

2b. Flower buds 13-16 mm long, 12-15 mm in diam. Capsules 27-35 mm

aR PONENT UTD, PALIN. (ah. |... ed tet ee aan oe « nara ange’ s oan Qlemas dameuer >.

3a. Flower buds generally ashy coloured. Sepals thickened along the

matgias. Fruiting calyx spreading .4.............@@y.eu.$2.... L. reginae.

3b. Flower buds mostly reddish, sometimes ashy grey. Sepals lightly

thickened along the margins or not. Fruiting calyx reflexed ...............

Pr PE ON Ne ed cee te Se eA Lac Lng bas cain, Ga wlinc L. speciosa — 4.

Ae MOWED HU FIGVES ECO oon. these ccs nc uch en nccssntncnemeees var. speciosa.

4b. Flower bud ridges superficial. (Fruiting calyx not known) ............

Be cee ig ANT ONE oof Coed » REE RARE: Ae ois te wt? var. intermedia.

5a. Flower bud ridges deep and rough mostly laterally dentate, teeth

deciduous or few persistent; ligulate at the sinus or not. Calyx lobes

thickened in the margin, in fruit erect. ............... L. costa-draconis.

5b. Flower bud ridges superficial, smooth. Calyx lobes not thickened in

the margin. Lobes of the fruiting calyx reflexed or spreading ...... 6.

6a. Calyx lobes erect or spreading ...... L. macrocarpa var. macrocarpa.

OO, CIV MODES; TENEXERs oo. :2i.0:6 ce cues deanae d+ L. macrocarpa var. reflexa.

24. Lagerstroemia hypoleuca Kurz. in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng.

XLI (1872) 307, XLVI (1877) 88 & For. Flor. Burma I (1877)

523; Clarke in Hook. f. Fl. Brit. Ind. II (1879) 577; Koehne

in Engl. Jahrb. ITV (1883) 30 & in Engl., Pflanzenr. 17 = IV.

216 (1903) 262 fig. 56c. — Fig. 29C.

A tree + 12 m high. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate,

10-12 cm long, 4-10 cm broad, dark above, glaucous beneath,

thin coriaceous, sometimes oblique, acuminate and rarely acute

at the apex, sub-rounded and slightly decurrent at base, undulate

in the margin, 6-14 nerved on each side; petiole 4-10 mm long.

Panicle cylindrical or narrowly pyramidal, 10-45 cm_ long,

minutely greyish puberulous all over; pedicel in lateral flower

2-5 mm, the mid-flower sessile. Flower buds 10 ridged, turbinate

abruptly into 2-4 mm long pedicelliform base, 7-9 mm long,

5-7 mm broad, shortly nippled at the apex. Calyx in flower

campanulate; tube about 7 mm deep, 7 mm broad; lobes 5,

erect, slightly thickened in the margin, 3-4 mm long. Petals

oblong about 14 mm long (including 5—6 mm long claw), 10 mm

broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens 4-6 stouter and longer,

others many, subequal. Ovary subglobose, glabrous. Fruiting calyx

obconical, tube 8 mm deep, 10-12 mm broad; lobes patent.

Capsule oblong 13-18 mm long, 11-13 mm in diam., 5-valved.

icm

SUPEAIM DEL.

Fig. 29. A. L. speciosa (L.) Pers. (A!-A2: Koorders 22,7986 in SING.

& A3: Backer 16,959 in B).

Al, Flower bud. A2, Flower after anthesis. A3, Capsule with calyx

lobes reflexed.

B, L. reginae Roxb. (B!—B3: Roxburgh = Wight Cat 1,036 in E —

holotype; B+: Hort. Miss. 92 in E).

B1, Flower bud. B2, Fertile flower. B3, Flower after anthesis.

B4, Capsule with patent calyx lobes.

C, L. hypoleuca Kurz (C!—C2: Kurz s.n. in CAL — lectoholotype;

C3: Kurz s.n. in CAL).

Cl, Flower bud. C2, Fertile flower. C3, Capsule with short calyx

lnhec

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 261

INDIA: Andamans (King 329: BM); Mt. Stariet (Osmaston

7: CAL). South Andamans (Heinig 31: A; s.n.: SING); Port Blair

(Kurz s.n.: CAL — lectoholotype (flower) & lectoparatype (fruit);

Rogers s.n.: E); Bajajag valley (Heinig 8: A). Great Cocos Island

(Prain s.n.: CAL).

CULTIVATED: Hort. Bot. Calcutta (s.n.: BM & CAL).

25. Lagerstroemia reginae Roxb., Pl. Corom. I (1795) 46, t. 65;

Willd. Sp. Pi. If (1800) 1178; Pers., Syn. Pl. II (1807) 11;

DC. Prodr. III (1828) 93: Roxb., Fl. Ind. II (1832) 505;

Wight & Arn., Prodr. I (1838) 308; Wight, Ic. Pl. II (1843)

t. 413; Miq. Fl. Ind. I (1855) 623 & Suppl. 1090; BI. Mus.

Lugd. Bat. III (1856) 126, excl. var. costata Bl.; Bedd.,

Fl. Sylv. I (1869) A. 29 (omnino pro parte) stat. nov.

Fig. 29B.

L. flos-reginae Retz: all citations pro parte under this in the

synonymy of L. speciosa.

L. flos-reginae Retz var. augusta Clarke (sphalm. augusta) in

Hk. f. Brit. India II (1879) 577, syn. nov.

I. macrocarpa Wall. Cat. (1828) 2114; Voigt. Hort. Suburb.

Calc. (1845) 1832: nom. nudum (non L. macrocarpa Kutz).

Adambea glabra Lam, Encycl., I (1783) 39; Hassk., Cat. Bogor

(1844) 256 not L. glabra (Koehne) Koehne, 1907.

L. hirsuta (Lam.) Willd. Spec. Pl. I (1799); DC., Prodr. Il

(1828) 93; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 31 & Engl. Pflanzenr.

17 = IV. 216 (1903) 263: syn. nov.

Adamboe Rheede, Hort. Mal. IV (1683) 45 tt. 20 & 21.

Adambea hirsuta Lam. Enc. I (1783) 39 pp.

A tree + 10 m high. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10-23

cm long, 4-8 cm broad, acuminate. or acute rarely obtuse at

apex, rounded or gradually narrowed toward base, chartaceous,

glabrous, 7-15 nerved on each side; petiole 5-10 mm _ long.

Panicle greyish or cinereous brown all over, sub-cylindrical,

10-40 cm long, 5—20 cm broad. Flower bud often grey, sub-globose

or pyriform, 8-14 mm long, 7-10 mm broad, nippled at the

apex; base pedicelliform 3-12 mm long. Calyx in flower generally

cup-shaped, 3-5 mm deep, 6-10 mm in diam.; lobes 6,

thickened in the margin, erect or spreading, sometimes reflexed,

12 or more ridged; ridges dorsally sub-rounded often sulcate,

longer ones often gradually narrow in the sepals. Petals

sub-orbicular, + 30 mm long (excluding + 3 mm long claw),

+ 25 mm broad, gradually narrowed into the claw, undulate

in the margin. Stamens numerous, subequal. Ovary subglobose,

glabrous with long slender style. Fruiting calyx saucer-shaped,

+ 4 mm deep, + 18 mm broad; lobes erect or spreading,

thickened along the margin. Capsule subglobose, 15-25 mm long,

12-23 mm in diam., woody, 6-valved.

262 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

INDIA: North India, Dehra Dun (Singh 51: A & UO);

Orissa (Mooney s.n.: SING); Patna (Hamilton 1,150? = Wall.

Cat. 2114-9 partly). Konkan and Malabar, loc. incert. (Wight

298: E); Kerala (Subramanian 71,017; Vasavala 36,001 &

Subramanian 70,383: BIP); Goa (Rolla 88,133: Kanodia 89,547

& 89,657; Raghavan 103,479: BIP; Fernandes 1,532: A);

Courtallum (Wight 1,036: E). Eastern Coast, Circars (Roxburgh

= Wight Cat. 1,036: E — holotype); Tranquebar (Hort. Miss.

92: E); Chalakudi (Meebold 12,489: CAL). Eastern Bengal &

East Pakistan (Griffith 2,236: A, GH & 433: GH); Manipur

(Meebold 7,285: E); Chittagong (Cowan 274, 1,383, 58,114 &

s.n.: E; Gamble 7,831: CAL); Agartala (Debbaran 1,053: CAL);

Assam (Jenkins 160 & s.n.: E; Griffith 730: BM; Master s.n.: E);

Khasis & Jynteah Hills (Ruse 414: A; Gallatly s.n.: SING;

Das 34,978: CAL).

BURMA: Pyinmana (Srenander 3,057: E; Sirivarna 61: BKF).

Hantawaddy, Okkau (Lace 2,896: E); Rangoon (McClelland

s.n.: E — syntype of L. flos-reginae var. augusta; Smith 26:

GH; Parkinson 14,682: A). Tavoy, Tenasserim (Keenan, Aung

& Rule 1,311: E). Pegu, Irrawaddy & Sittang Valley (Brandis

1,383: CAL); loc. incert. (Kurz s.n.: CAL).

NEW GUINEA: South N. Guinea, along the river Digoel

(Versteigh BW 4,857: LAE & SING). loc. incert. (leg. ? s.n.: PNH).

Papua (Brass 6,580: A & 8,160: LAE).

CULTIVATED: China, Canton (Hooker s.n.: E). India,

Calcutta (Wall. Cat. 2114-e: E; Voigt 129: A; Kurz in Madras

(Jeffrey s.n.: E & Hunter: E; Elliot 64: E); Napatry in Madras?

(Wight = Wall. Cat. 2114-10: E). Ceylon (Thwaites 1,554: GH):

Allagalla (Worthington 243: BM); Kalugammane (Imsilva 26:

BM). America, St. Vincents (Smith 925: E & GH). Jamaica

(Orcutt 2,011: UC). Martinique (Hahn 1,439: UC). Indonesia,

Batavia (Kollmann s.n.: BM).

The specimens from New Guinea give an unusual distribution

for this species and may represent a recent invasion or

naturalisation of the species in the area. Brass 6,580 was collected

on the Daru island where it was rare in 1936, only one mature

tree being seen. Versteigh BW. 4.857 was found in 1957,

also in South New Guinea along the Digoel river near Wage

in the secondary forest, inundated in the rainy season, the lowland

being almost continuous from the Daru island.

L. reginae Roxb. was described and depicted from specimens

of plants growing wild on the mountains of Northern Circars,

India, and a progeny of which was growing and flowering in his

garden (at Samulcottah?). Since L. flos-reginae Retz (1789),

which was mainly described from a Javanese plant collected by

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 263

Bladh and named earlier as L. major (Javanensis) Retz. Obs. I

(1779) 20, had also a reference on Koenig’s authority “‘in sylvis

Calcuttae’”’ where Calcutta is meant a very large region or

province, Roxburgh had to include this name in his synonymy,

at least this was the procedure current in his time. However,

Roxburgh excluded Javanese specimens by saying that his

species was a native of the Circars that flowered in the hot

season and seeded in August. Another probable reason for

Roxburgh’s rejecting Retz’s species was that its name was

published as a triverbal with “flos reginae” as the specific epithet.

This decision was followed by almost all systematists like

Willdenow, De Candolle, Blume, Wight and Beddome until Kurz

(1877) adopted it as the correct name for the species by changing

the triverbal into the biverbal, a procedure now valid under the

1961 Code.

But as Roxburgh had restricted his name to an Indian species

and had moreover given coloured plate of his type and as the

type of the species is extant, we think that under Art. 7 Note 4

of 1961 Code, L. reginae may be typified on Roxburgh’s type

and plates and exclude from it Retz’s synonym.

In doing so we restrict the name to the portion of the plate

that depicts the flowers. Since Roxburgh could not obtain the

fruits at the same time as the flowers, it is obvious he obtained

a fruit of a species, which is identical with L. speciosa.

L. speciosa var. augusta Clarke is only a larger form of

L. reginae with a larger calyx and more conspicuous ridges.

L. hirsuta (Lam.) Willd. with its basinym Adambea hirsuta

Lam. is based entirely on Rheed., Hort. Mal. IV (1683) 45 t. 22,

Rheede himself states that the tree resembles L. reginae as also

the flowers and fruits, but in the text the plant is said also to

be like a Malvaceous plant drawn and described to have 5

stamens and the leaves and twigs to be lanuginous and hirsute.

Obviously a confusion has been made in the text, and there

is no Lagerstroemia species wild in South India, which has

lanuginous and hirsute leaves. A specimen which Rottler tried

to identify in the herbarium as Rheede’s t. 22 and which was

named by Clarke as L. rottleri is L. loudonii which has no

grooved calyx as in L. reginae or Rheede’s picture and does

not occur wild in South India. If we ignore the badly drawn

sepals in the figure and ignore Rheede’s text, Rheede’s fig. 22

is nothing but L. reginae. In fact the drawing shows no signs

of tomentum on the leaves and twigs. De Candolle (1828) ignoring

that the author had described the species with 5 stamens, placed

L. hirsuta with L. reginae among the species that have many

subequal stamens. However since L. hirsuta is apparently mixtum

compositum it has not been given a priority right over L. reginae

Roxb.

264 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

26. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., Synops. II (1807) 72:

Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. [IV (1883) 28, in Engl. and Prantl,

Pflanzenf. III, 7 (1893) 14 fig. SP-T & in Engl., Pflanzr.

17 = IV. 216 (1903) 261 figs. 5SP-T & 56B; Koord. et Valet.,

Bijdr. I (1894) 190; Merr. in Journ. Arnold Arb. XXV (1954)

146: omnino pro parte — Fig. 29A.

L. flos-reginae Retz., Obs. V (1789) 25: Kurz, in Journ.

Asiat. Soc. Beng. XLVI, 2 (1877) 88 and For. Fl. Burma I

(1877) 524; Clarke in Hk. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. If (1879) 577; King,

Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. III (1898) 352; Duthie, Fl. Upper Gang. —

Plain I (1903) 353; Gamble, Fl. Madras I (1919) 513; Gagnep.

in Fl. Gen. Indoch. II (1921) 941; Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oriss.

3 (1922) 375; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. I (1931) 723; Kanjilal et al.,

Fl. Assam II (1938) 311; Corner in Gard. Bull. Straits Settl. X

(1939) 272: omnino pro parte.

Munchausia speciosa L. in Munchhausen’s Der Hausvater V,

1 (1770) 357 t. 2; Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Goll. (1770) Praep; Linn.,

Mantissa II (1771) 243 pp; Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 3, HI (1873)

413 t. 314 pro parte typica: basinym.

Katou-Adamboe Rheede, Hort. Mal. IV (1683) 45 t. 22 pro parte.

Trees. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, glabrous on both sides,

acute or obtuse at apex, nearly rounded at base, 5—19.5 cm long,

4-8.5 cm broad, often greyish green above, brown underneath,

10-15 nerved on each side; petioles 4-9 mm long. Panicle erect,

15-40 cm long, deciduously ashy or ferruginous pubescent;

pedicels upto 1.5 cm in length. Flower bud subglobose or

pyriform, 7-12 mm long, 6-10 mm in diam. (excluding about

3 mm long pedicelliform base), short nippled at the apex, 12-14

ridged; episepalous ridge almost as long as the alternisepalous

ones or abruptly narrowed into a thin ridge in the sepal. Calyx

campanulate, cinereous or ferruginous pubescent; lobes 6,

spreading or reflexed, not or slightly thickened along the margin.

Corolla petals 6, sub-orbicular, slender clawed, 1.5—3 cm _ long,

1-2 cm broad. Stamens numerous subequal, adnate to the calyx

in the upper half of the tube. Ovary globose, glabrous or slightly

scaly; style filiform, capitate stigma. Fruiting calyx glabrous or

slightly pubescent, with recurved sepals. Capsule + 22 mm long,

+ 22 mm in diam., woody, globose, glabrous, apiculate, usually

6-valved.

BURMA: Haka (Dickason 7,811: SING): Yamethin, Mintyin

(Smales s.n.: A, E); Pyinma (leg.? 28: A); Mintyin (Lace s.n.: E):

Zigon (Ba Pe 9,700: A); Tharrawaddy (Smales 42: E); South

Pegu (Ba Pe 10,576: A; Kurz 1,974: CAL); In Sein (Ba Pe

10.439: A): Rangoon (Dickason 6,805: Parkinson 14,161: A):

Ataran (Lace 4,776: E & CAL); Mergui (Lace s.n.: E). loc.

incert. (Hooker 1,598: GH).

THAILAND: Northern: Tak, Me Sawt (Kerr 6,158: BM).

Kampeng Pet (Kerr 5,965: BM: UC; 6,158: UC). South-Eastern:

Prachinburi (Phan 4: BKF 1,211: BKF). Chantaburi, Chantaboon

(Vesterdal s.n.: SING). South Western: Kanburi, Wang Yai

Furtado — Lagerstroemia ‘bey 265

(Charoenmayu 413.°= BKF 5,472: A, KEP); loc. incert.

(Boon-Krong 84 = BKF 26,312: KEP & SING); near Neeckey

& Wangka (Bloembergen 8: A, PNH & SING). Prachubkirikhan,

Bangtaphan (Keith 247: SING). Peninsula Surat (Luangsamarn

sn. = BKF 1,213 = BKF 1,216: BKF). Trang (Put 264 = BKF

1,214: BKF; Winit sn. = BKF 1,215 BKF; Boongird 17 = BKF

2,487: A & SING). Pattani (Kerr 7,495: BM). loc. incert.

(Rabil 379: EB).

INDOCHINA: Vietnam, Anam, Dalat (Squires 822: A, BM,

& SING); Dongai (Pierre 4,996: A & SING); Bang-lang-misc,

Chanh-yen (Robert 13: A, BM, E, & UC); Bien Hoa (Vinot s.n.:

GH). Cambodia, Kg. Cham (Bejiand 220: A).

MALAYSIA: Kedah, Kulim (Kuabdulla 89,103: SING); Sik

(Ahmad Tajuddin 74,952: SING); Sungai Terap, Selama

(Henderson 35,433: A, PNH & SING); Alor Star (Ridley 15,030:

SING); Ulu Pantai Mulik (Sow 34,604: SING); Selok Pendiet

(Kedah 32,975: SING); loc. incert. (Meh 17,851: KEP); Bandar

Baling (Meh 10,081: KEP); Sungai Patani (Meh 10,152: SING);

Pondok Tanjong (Mat. Gani 9,764: SING); Kelantan (Corner

s.n.: SING). Perak loc. incert. (Scortechini s.n.: SING; 461: SING);

Parit (Parit 9,578: SING); Kuala Kangsar (Dolman 12,073: KEP);

Sungei Raya (Burkill & Haniff 13,396: SING); Changkat Terin

(Wray 1,873: SING); Kuala Kampar (Haniff 15,578: SING):

Batu Gajah (Burkill & Haniff 13,413: SING); Kuala Kangsar,

Kola Lama (Haniff 10,350: SING): S. Anson (Haniff 15,941:

SING); Pondok Tanjong, Taipeng (Salih 9,764: KEP); Ulu

Kenderong Grik (Hamid 11,607: KEP); Kuala Kangsar (Ridley

2,996: SING); Pondok Tanjong (Salleh 9,791: SING); Sungei

Siput (Bonar 8,823: KEP); Sungei Krian Estate (Spare 34,489:

SING); Grik (Corner s.n.: SING). Trengganu, Ulu Brang

(Moysey & Kiah 33,870: A & SING); S. Kemamair (Corner

s.n.: SING); Kuala Trengganu-Besut Rd. (Sinclair & Kiah

40,740: E & SING). Pahang, Kuala Lipis (Nong 4,005 & Lipis

29,386: SING; Henderson 10,760: KEP; Machado 11,583: SING;

Marchall 16,972: KEP & SING; Burkill & Haniff 15,786, 15.792

& 16,900: SING); Pekan (Burkill & Haniff 17,109: SING &

UC; 17,277: SING); Sungai Mai (Kadim & Mahmood 112:

SING;) Tembeling (Henderson 24,536: A & SING): Temerloh

(Kassim 0715: SING; Md. Said & Idris 6,302: SING; Hamid

4.765, 5,169: SING); Rompin (Mohamud 15,551: E; 17,131:

E & SING); Kuala Tahan (Seimund 834, 835, 828, 906: SING):

Pekan (Hairlau s.n.: SING); Kuala Tehui (Webber 23,306: KEP);

Kuantan (Burn-Murdoch s.n.: SING: Mahamud 3,736: SING;

Awang 78,305: SING). Selangor, Bangi (Saaf 14,824: KEP &

SING; Hamid & Jaamat 10,982: KEP); Ampang (Hamid 9,985:

KEP); Kelambu (Hamid 3,296: SING). Negri Sembilan between

Gemas and Rompin (Burkill 2,123: SING); Durian Tawar state

(Tahir 0601: SING); Sungei Lyong (Alvies 1,818 SING); Seremban

(Kinsey 1,999: SING); K. Pilol (Dusih 1,917: SING). Tioman Isl.,

East Coast (Kloss 13,157: BM & SING). North Borneo:

Kinabatangan (Kadir 16,985: KEP & SING; Arsat 1,155 &

266 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Evangelista 887: SING); Lokan (Ampuria 35,333: SAN & SING):

Takala River (Puasa 48,883: KEP & 10,109: SING): Batu Puteh

(Ibrahim 3,271: A); Lamag (Ampuria 35,251: SAN); Kaba Tasan

(Balajadia 36,384: KEP); Muan region near Sg. Riko (Kostermans

4,381: BM & PNH & SING); Atas Bukit, Masulit, Lahad Datu

(Benedick A 3057: SING); Segaliud River (Balajadia 7.097:

SING); loc. incert. (Castro & Melegrito 1,712: UC); Tumbang

Hiang (Grabowsky 5: BM) Bunguey Isl. (Wood 1,115: A).

St. Lucia, Tawau (Kadir A 2,087: KEP & SING). loc. incert.

(Villamil 366: A). Sandakan Sagaluid, Elopura (Kadir A 2764:

PNH & SING & Austin A 1017: PNH, KEP & SING): near road

‘to Sabah Hotel (Madani 56,905: SING, Sinanggul 36,625: SAN):

Kudat, Kg. Limbuak Darat, Banggi Island (Ampuria 40,751:

“SAN); Elopura, loc. incert. (Cuadra A 2220 KEP, PNH & SING):

_Atas Bukit (Benidick 3,057: KEP); Banguey Island (Wood 1,105:

UC); Kudat, Mamang Banggi Island (Ampuria 42,124: SAN).

‘Sarawak (For. Dept. Coll. 2,667: A & SING; Brooke s.n.: SING):

Kuching (Jais 78: KEP & SING: Haviland s.n.: SING: Sinclair

1,871: SAR & SING; GDSL. 319: SING); Sibu (Clemens 21,112:

A & SAR); Santubong (Ashtons 21.478: KEP, SAR & SING).

INDONESIA: Sumatra (East Coast), Batoe Bahra (Yates

2,128: UC); North Sumatra (Lorzing 11,824: A); Sibolangit

‘(Fairchild & Dorsett 733: UC). Java, Rembang (Buesgen 39: B):;

-Tjibunar, Udjung Kulon (Kostermans 71: A, PNH & SING):

‘loc. incert. (Blume s.n.: A & B: Zollinger 607: UC; Forbes

1,286: BM); Bantam, Pulau Peutjang (Sinclair 10,005: E &

‘SING); West Sumbawa (Kostermans 18,645: A); Peutjang,

Udjung Kulon (Wirawan 389: SING): Batavia, Swangan (Bakh

v/d Brink 5,732: UC): Bodjong Lapang Backer 16,959: B):

-Tjratiap, Triangan (Backer 17,399: SING): Kediri (Kooders

22,687 8: B; 22,798 8: SING); Kangean, Ardjasa (Backer

26.839: B) Klambangan Penins., Besuki (Jacobs 4,946: SING):

Pakalongan (Koorders 27450 8: B). Celebes, Manado, Gorontalo,

Dambalo alt. 25 m (Neth. Ind. For. Serv. bb. 20.017: A & SING).

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Cagayan (Bernardo 15,140: E; Velasco

24.864: UC): La Union (Escristor 21,109: A; Lete 164: UC):

Principe, Baler (Merill 1,111 GH: & SING); Bataan (Borden

755, 1,283: SING: Williams 188: GH: Ranario 27.770: SING):

Mt. Mariveles (Elmer 6,770: E); Pangasinan, Mt. San. Isidro

(Finix 29,993: GH); Tarlac (Ahun 701: UC); Tayabas (Vidal

786: A); Pampanga (Bolsta 25: UC); Rizal (Elmer 17.441: A,

GH & UC); Laguna (Elmer 8,145: E); Batangas (Ramos 1.882:

GH & SING): Albay (Menoza 18,578: SING); Apayao (Fenix

28.156: A). Mindoro, Pandurocan (Zaldua 29,851: UC); Sablayan

(Gachalian 13,842: PNH): Mt. Mansuy (Conklin 17,519: A &

PNH); loc. incert — (Merritt 8.653: SING). Samar, Matuguinao

(Edano 15,604: PNH); Tagaslian Borongan (Castro 5,822: A &

Furtado — Lagerstroemiu 267

PNH). Leyte (Wenzel 1,224: A, BM & GH); Palo (Elmer

7,095: E). Culion (Herre 1,067: A & UC). Palawan, Tay Tay

(Merrill: Species Blanocanae 377: A & GH); Puerto Princesa

(Ebalo 574: A, PNH & UC); Lipuun, Quezon (Cordero &

Espiritu 91,512: KEP & PNH; 91,524: PNH). loc. incert (Canabre

29,968: UC; 29,974: SING & UC). Nigros, Tolong (Abella

13,862: PNH). Mindanao, Butuan (Ponce 20,499: GH); Tungao,

San Mateo (Mendoza 42,270: PNH); Agusan (Miras, Sabino:

& Oliveros 24,478: A); Lanao (Cruz 23,891: GH; Guerrero

30,373: UC); Zamboanga del Norte (Frake 38,409, 38,441: A &

PNH); Surigao (Wenzel 2,739: A & UC).

CULTIVATED: Thailand, Bangkok (Kerr 4,400: BM;

6.771 A; BM); Aumphornsatan Palace (Smitinand s.n.: BKF).

Malaya, Penang, Bot. Gardens (Flippance s.n. & Curtis s.n.:

SING); Batu Feringi (Fox s.n.: SING). Selangor, Kepong, Forest

Research Institute (Sow & Ariffin 64,967; Lindong 55,779;

Ahmad 70,453; Awang 52,094 & 52,082: SING). North Borneo

(Burbidge s.n.: BM & GH); Sandakan, along the main road to

Hospital (Kadir A. 1,813: KEP, PNH & SAN). Singapore,

Tanglin (Burkill s.n.: SING; Md. Nur s.n.: SING); Old Tamil

Lines (Md. Nur s.n.: SING); Bot. Gardens (Furtado s.n., 34,816:

SING; Md. Nur s.n., 91, 1,608: SING; Pg. s.n.: SING); Gardens

(Flippance s.n.: SING); Grange Road (Haniff s.n.: SING); loc.

incert. (Teruya 1,243: SING); Sungei Yu (Hardial & Nor 29:

SING). Australia Bot. Gardens (White 11,715: A). Java, Hort.

Bot. Bogor (Leg.? s.n.: B, GH; Beumee s.n.: SING). Philippines,

Luzon, Laguna (Sulit & Columbres s.n.: A); Mt. Makiling

(Sulit 1: A; 8,170: PNH; Lagrimas 479: PNH). America, Brazil,

Campinas (Pacheco 8,160: UC); Venezuela, Aragua (Pittier

8,829: GH); West Indies, Tobago, Scarborough (Broadway s.n.: E).

Munchhausia speciosa was found on specimens collected from

a plant grown in the Botanic Garden, Goettingen. The descriptions,

both generic and specific, and a plate were made by Linnaeus.

Muenchhausen, in printing the descriptions and the plate in

Muenchhausen der Hausvater V (1770) 357 t. 2, recorded

Linnaeus as the author and stated that the latter had seen only

dried specimens. The Javanese vernacular name boengoer was.

included in the specific description and its habitat was indicated

to be Java and China. These descriptions without the plate:

were reprinted by Murray, Prodr. Stirp. Gotting. (1770) Praef.

However in 1771 Linnaeus (Mantissa II p. 243) credited the

species to China only and noted it as a shrub (arbuscula), and

this despite the fact that in the two above quoted descriptions

it was described as a tree (arbor) that its Javanese vernacular

. fame was mentioned and that Muenchhausen (l.c.) had indicated

in the remarks that the plant, being of hot regions, had difficulties.

in acclimatizing itself in a wintry climate of Europe.

268 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore— XXIV (1969)

Merrill (Journ. Arn. Arb, XXXV, 1954 p. 147), after examining

the types of Munchhausia in the Linnean herbarium, noted that

two out of three sheets in Munchhausia cover represented

M. speciosa L., that either of these sheets could have been used

in drawing the plate given in the protolog, and that one of

these two sheets bears the name boengoer in Linnaeus’ own

hand-writing. He does not mention anything about the third

species and may represent a Chinese plant.

This means that both the generic and specific descriptions

were based on the specimens of a plant from Java and so also

the plate. It is not permissible to exclude the main characters

from a protolog if there are specimens to vouch for their

accuracy, even when the third syntype represent different species.

Apparently because Linnaeus had changed the description in

1771 from “arbor” to ‘“‘arbuscula’” or for some other reason

De Candolle (Prodr. III, 1828 p. 93): identified the Linnean

species with ZL. indica which is a shrub and has an almost

smooth calyx, overlooking the fact that Linneaus had described

M. speciosa as having “‘calyces ............ torulis sex canaliculatis”

and depicted a plant having 12 ridges. De Candolle’s misinterpreta-

tion of the species has contributed to obscure its status and has

led many to reject the name as ambiguous, despite Koehne’s

note showing De Candolle’s confusion on the matter (Koehne

in Engl. Bot. Jahr. LV, 1883 p. 28 footnote and p. 19 in synonyms

of L. indica).

Hence following Koehne (1883 and 1903) L. flos-reginae Retz

is reduced here to L. speciosa.

It may be noted that this species is known to flower when

quite young even in pots.

26a. Lagerstroemia speciosa var. intermedia (Koehne) Furtado

et Montien comb. nov. — Fig. 30B.

L. intermedia Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903)

260 fig. 56 A; Gagnep. in Fl. Indoch. IL (1921) 962: basinym.

This differs from the other varieties of the species in having

smallest flower buds, about 9 mm long, 8 mm in diam. Fruiting

specimens not seen.

1,300 m (Henry 11,912: E — isolectotype); Lan-Tsang Hsien

(Wang 76,665: A). )

BURMA: Myitkyina distr., Dahwinchaung, alt. 280 m (Rogers

217: E); Pyinma, alt. 100-150 m (Po Kyaw 23: E); Yunnan

frontier, Takaw alt. 650 m (Kingdon-Ward 12,761: BM).

The calyx bears a conspicuous ligule at the sinus and may

be only a mountain form of var. ligulata. Only specimens in

flowering stages are known, which have somewhat small leaves.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 269

Ses. ~

* a ax

re,

~ ————— =

: =e :

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 30. A. L. macrocarpa Kurz var macrocarpa (Al—A2: Kurz 1,972 in

CAL — lectotype; A?. Rock 9,665 in A).

Al, Flower bud. A2, Fertile flower. A3, Mature capsule. |

B, L. speciosa (L) Pers. var. intermedia (B!—B2: Henry 11,912 in E

— isolectetype).. B!1, Flower bud. B2, Flower. ) .

C1, Flower bud. C2, Flower. C3, Mature fruit.

D, L. costa-draconis (D!—D3: Kosterman 1,131: SING). D1, Flower

bud. D2, Flower. D3, Mature fruit. | " .

270 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

27. Lagerstroemia costa-draconis Furtado et Montien — Fig. 30D.

Inter species Adambeae cum fructibus maximis ponenda sed

alabastro juvenili sulcato, dorso basin versus vel secus sulci

margines dentato vel inter sulcos costis minoribus deciduis

dentatis sitis, dentibus saepe deciduis, calycis costis asperis

gracilibus dorso plerumque acutis, interdum prope ejustem sinum

conspicue ligulati, sepalis calycis fructiferi porrectis vel patulis.

Holotypus: THAILAND: Prov. Srisaket prope Khantharohm

(Suvanakoses 1,592 = BKF 26,441: SING).

A tree 5-8 m high. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong or

oblanceolate 6-40 cm long, 5-14 cm broad, obtuse or acute or

sometimes shortly acuminate at the apex, rounded or gradually

narrowed at base, glabrous, much paler beneath, 7-14 nerved on

each side; petiole 7-15 mm long. Panicle 10-30 cm long,

5—20 cm broad; at first greyish-brown puberulous all over then

nearly glabrous with a few flowered, short branchlets. Flower buds

subglobose, 11-13 mm long, 11-13 mm broad, sulcate forming

12 or more ridges, ridges more or less dentate in the margins or

dentate growth in the furrows, margins and growth in the furrows

‘often deciduous; ridges finally thin and often acute; apex

star-shaped with 6 short forms from the tip of the lobe to the

summit; base pedicelliform 6-9 mm long. Calyx in flower

cup-shaped, 8-12 mm deep, 10-13 mm in diam., often ligulate

below or at the sinuses; lobes 6, triangular, thickened in the

margin. Petals sub-orbicular 3.5—6.0 mm long, 3.0-4.5 cm broad,

abruptly narrowed into + 5 mm long claw. Stamens numerous,

subequal. Ovary subglobose or short oblong with a long slender

style. Fruiting calyx thickened, woody, cup or saucer-shaped

+ 6 mm deep, + 20 mm broad, lobes spreading. Capsule oblong

‘+ 35 mm long, + 25 mm in diam., nippled at the apex, usually

6-valved.

BURMA: Taungoo, near Kyaukkyi (Lace 5,396: E). Mendat

alt. 3,000’—-3,750’ (Kingdon-Ward 22,177: BM). Rangoon (Dickason

5,049: A). Tha Byn (Ba Pe 10,445: A). Kan Gyi (Ba Pe 9,673: A).

Pegu, Yoma (Kurz 1,345: CAL); Mt. Victoria (Cooper 6,074: E).

THAILAND: Eastern: Chiyapum Proy. (Kerr 19,967: BM).

Ubol Prov. (Lakshnakara 881: BM). Srisaket Prov. (Smitinand

12,158: SING); Kantralak (Prayad 272: SING); Khantharohm

(Suvanakoses 1,592 = BKF 26,441: KEP — isoholotype & SING

— holotype). Korat Proy. (Nakornrachasima), Ban Chum Seng

(Put 2,540: BM). Kanburi Prov., near Neeckey & Wangka

(Bloembergen & Kostermans 295: A); near Kin Sayok (Kostermans

1,131: SING).

CAMBODIA: Strung-Streng (Leg? 2,161: GH).

This species of Adambea section has very large capsules and

may be placed among the L. macrocarpa group, but is

distinguished by its young flower buds being often dorsally dentate

at base or along the margins of the furrows and also bearing

frequently short dentate deciduous ridges in the furrows. Most

of the teeth and the marginal growths fall off making the flower

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 271

buds and calyces later rough, thinly ridged. Sometimes the calyx

bears a conspicuous ligule at or below the sinus. The calyx lobes

are thickened in the margin and are patent or spreading in the

mature capsule. .

28. Lagerstroemia macrocarpa Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soe. Beng.

XLII, 2 (1873) 234, XLVI, 2 (1877) 88, & For. Fl. Burma |

(1877) 524: King in Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen. III (1898) 353 sub

obs.; Brandis, Ind. Trees (1911) 339; Craib in Kew Bull. (1911)

53; Gagnep. in Fl. Indoch. II (1921) 942; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen.

I (1922) 824 pp.; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. I (1931) 725.

L. hossei Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. XLII Beibl. 97 (1908) 50;

Craib in Kew Bull. (1911) 53; Gagnep. in FI. Indoch. II (1921)

960.

L. intermedia Koehne var. oblonga Craib in Kew Bull. (1911)

53; Gagnep. in op. cit. (1921) 962.

L. speciosa sensu Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 28 et.

Engl. Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 261 pp.

28a. Lagerstroemia macrocarpa var. macrocarpa — Fig. 30A.

A tree + 8 mm high. Leaves oblong or ovate-oblong, 10-47

cm long, 5-20 cm broad, acute at the apex when young later

sub-rounded, obtuse or gradually narrowed at base, chartaceous,

glabrous 8-12 nerved on each side; petiole 5-18 mm _ long.

Panicle greyish brown velvety all over, sub-cylindrical 10-30 cm

long. Flower buds sub-globose 10-13 mm long, 9-12 mm broad,

obscurely nippled or not, pedicelliform base 8-12 mm _ long.

Calyx in flower generally cup-shaped, tube 6-10 mm deep, 8-12

mm in diam.; lobes 6, erect or spreading, 8-12 mm long; ridges

sulcate with broad, somewhat flattened spaces or ridges between,

the shorter and bigger often marked with a furrow amidst.

Petals short-oblong, orbicular and abruptly narrowed into the

claw, 20-45 mm long (including 4-8 mm long claw), 15-40 mm

broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens numerous, subequal.

Ovary subglobose with a long slender style. Fruiting calyx

thickened, woody, saucer-shaped, 3-5 mm deep, 25-30 mm broad;

lobes spreading. Capsule 25-40 mm long, 20-35 mm in diam.,

short oblong or subglobose, thickened; woody, usually 6-valved.

BURMA: Upper Burma, loc. incert. (leg. s.n.: A). Maymyo

(Lace 5,803: E). Pyinma (Din s.n.: E). Southern Shan State,

Taungyi (Abdul Khalil sn. = CAL 177, 101: CAL). Tha-byn

(Ba Pe 10,445: A). Kan Gui (Ba Pe 9,665: A). Myingyan (Lace

s.n.: E). Henzada, Migon (Lace s.n.: E). Pegu (Kurz 1,972:

CAL — lectotype); Littang side (Kurz 1,972: CAL — syntypes);

Yoma (Kurz 1,345: CAL — syntypes); Tonkyeghat, F. Pagoda

(Kurz 1,345 & 1,347: CAL — syntypes). Martaban (Kurz 1,345:

CAL — syntypes). Tharrawaddy, Tyinmyok (Smales 41: EB).

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai, Me Ping (Kerr 5,634:

BM); loc. incert. (Kerr 578: BM — holotype of L. intermedia

var. oblonga); Chiengmai to Chieng Rai, Wieng Papao (Rock

1,665: A).

INDOCHINA: Laos (Talbot de Malahide 1: SING).

272 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — X XIV (1969)

28b. Lagerstroemia macrocarpa var. reflexa Furtado et Montien

— Fig. 30C.

A var. macrocarpa sepalis calycis fructiferi valde reflexis differt.

Holotypus: THAILAND: Prae (Bhusayallanit 18,079: BKF).

This variety differs from the type form in having sepals of

the fruiting calyx reflexed.

BURMA: Haka (Dickason 7,592: SING). Maymyo Plateau

(Lace s.n.: E; 5,520: E). Shan States, Keng Tung (MacGregor

668: E); Taungyi (Abdul Khalil s.n.: E). Henzada (Lace s.n.: E).

Rangoon, Mt. Popa (Dickason 5,460: A). loc. incert. (Prazer

19: EB).

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai, Chiengdao (Khantchai

12,706: BKF & KEP). -‘Lumpang (Krajang 9,826: BKF; Stan

9,854: BKF; Chaweng 9,872: BKF; Sukrit 11,270: BKF; Vithun

11,294: BKF). Prae (Bhusayallanit 18,079: BKF — holotype);

East Mae-Yom Forest (Thai For. Dept. Coll. 2,510: A). Muang

Lom (Kerr 5,734: UC). Bitsanulok (Groff 6,065: UC). Nakawn

Sawan (Kerr 5,975: CAL). North Eastern: Loie, Wang Sphung

(Khantchai 12,474: BKF & KEP). Khonkaen (Din 5,644: SING).

INDOCHINA: Laos, Vientiane (Addis 1: SING).

CULTIVATED: Bangkok (William s.n.: SING).

Often many calyces are diseased even in the buds in which

case the calyx ridges may wholly disappear and both the calyx

and fruit remain small. Some such calyces have reflexed sepals

and others erect, and it is possible that such forms might be

confused with L. speciosa or L. reginae. However a large whitish

pouch-like mark at the sinus, suggests that the specimens have

to be referred to L. macrocarpa var. reflexa.

- Subsect. Microcarpidium

Subsection Microcarpidium Furtado et Montien.

Sect. Velaga sec. Koehne op. cit. (1883) 15 & (1903) 257.

quoad L. subcostata.

Alabastra globosa vel subglobosa, circa 2-4 mm (sine basi)

in diam., costis superficialibus; sepala intus glabra saepe appendice

apicali penicillata. Capsula minora fere globosa, miajora

ellipsoidea, 4-8 mm longa. Folia 1.5-5 cm longa, interdum

subduplo longiora, 2—5 cm lata.

DISTRIBUTION: China, Japan, Indonesia, Formosa and

Philippines.

TYPUS: L. subcostata Koehne.

This subsection is unique in having very small, globose or

subglobose flower buds, 2-4 mm in diam., with 12 or more

superficial ridges; small carpels, globose ones about 4 mm long.

and ellipsoid ones about 6-8 mm long, 3-4 mm wide. Leaves.

usually small.

ee a

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 273

Excepting in L. micrantha, the calyx in the other species of

this subsection has an annular band within, on which petals

are seated and in-this respect, these species resemble L. indica,

a larger flowered species and belonging to the section Sibia.

Key to the Species

he ealve distinctly ausiculate at the sinus ........................00 L. limii.

es DME TOTES cc onsen weve secs soccscsveccsectecaventupents De

2a. Calyx without an annular band within ..................... L. micrantha.

pe re ao > ne ae 5

3a: Petal eet OF Bente -ALIOW ....... 000. Blades; -- oneiva, 0.5... L. glabra.

3b. Petal nearly as broad as long, ovate or cordate ....................2... 4.

4a. Petal deltoid-oblong, truncate or slightly cordulate towards the base,

slightly undulate. Capsule dark when mature, subgiobose

ee MR Sy a OS Oe Seer eere, oF Se eRe Kay oo L. yangii.

4b. Petal as long as broad, often crispate in the margin and cordulate.

a Se at Ts) ee A L. subcostata.

29. Lagerstroemia limii Merr. in Philipp. Journ. Sc. XXVII

(1925) 165. — Fig. 3la, 31b.

L. chekiangensis Cheng in Contrib. Biol. Lab. Sc. Soc. China

(1932) 73 fig. 2: syn. nov.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, thin

coriaceous, 6-9 cm long, 2.5-4 cm broad, minutely pubescent

above, densely pubescent on the midrib and reticulation beneath,

acute or shortly acuminate at the apex, gradually cuneate or

sometimes sub-rounded at base, 9-12 nerved on each side;

petiole pubescent 2-4 mm long. Panicle terminal, pyramidal,

8-15 cm long, pubescent all over. Flower bud subglobose about

4 mm long (excluding + 2 mm long pedicelliform base), 4 mm

broad, pubescent, broadly auriculate at the sinus, 12-14 ridged,

nippled at the apex. Calyx in flower cup-shaped, 3-4 mm deep,

4 mm broad; lobes usually 6, triangular 3-3.5 mm _ long;

appendages persistent at each sinus, about 2 mm long, 3 mm

broad. Petals ovate or sub-orbicular 4-5 mm long (not including

+5 mm long claw), 4-5 mm broad, undulate in the margin.

Stamens many, 5-7 longer and thicker, the others subequal.

Ovary globose, glabrous with a long slender style. Fruiting calyx

obconical, slightly pubescent, 2 mm deep, 6 mm broad with

+ 2 mm long base; lobes 6 erect, often pubescent along the

ridge and the rim. Capsule + 10 mm long, 6-7 mm in diam.,

oblong or elliptic-oblong, glabrous, 4-6 valved.

CHINA: Szechuan & Hepeh (Hwa 33: UC). Chekiang, Tatze

Chiao (Mayer 1,512 & 1,513: A); Han-Chow (Mayer 431: UC).

Fukien, Amoy (Chung 801: UC; 1,644: A, E & SING —

isoholotypes, UC — holotype & 1,682: UC; 1,770: A & UC;

4,656, 4,790, 4,882, 4,951, 5,093 & 6,096: A; & s.n.: BM & SING).

Hinghwa (Lin Pi 6,286: UC; Fung Hom 19,180: A; Dunn

2,729: A).

L. chekiangensis is only a more vigorous and hairy form of

L. limit. Apparently younger side shoots of L. limii produce

obovate leaves, and glabrous leaves and calyx, the last with very

short auricles (cf. Dunn 2,729, Chung 6,096 & Fung Hom 19,180

from Amoy).

274 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 31a. L. limii Merr. (A-F: Chung 1,644 in SING — isoholotype).

A, Fertile twig. B-C, Flower bud with appendages. D, Flower after

anthesis. E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, Petal.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 275

<< ~) San

= SN

eye: SUZ S46

SMP =

x oN

J URAIMI DEL.

Fig. 31b. L. limii Merr. (A form with almost glabrous calyx, shorter

calyx, auricles and obovate leaves). Chung s.n. in SING.

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower after anthesis. D,.

Longitudinal section of flower. E, Petal.

276 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

30. Lagerstroemia micrantha Merr. in Journ. Arn. Arb. XXI

(1940) 379. — Fig. 32.

Apparently small tree or shrub. Leaves elliptic or short oblong,

5—8 cm long, 3.0-4.5 mm broad, dark brown above, paler beneath,

minutely pubescent when young, later sparsely pubescent along

the midrib beneath, acute or acuminate at the apex, gradually

narrowed or sub-rounded and often unequal at base, 4-6 nerved

on each side; petiole 2-3 mm long. Panicle subpyramidal, 7—12

mm long, 4-12 mm broad, terminal, brownish pubescent all over.

Flower bud subglobose about 3 mm long (including 1.5 mm Jong

pedicelliform base), 1.5-2.0 mm in diam., shortly nippled at

the apex, 12 faintly ridged. Calyx in flower campanulate, 2 mm

deep, 2 mm in diam.; 6 lobes, erect, 1.5 mm long, deciduously

pubescent. Petal undulate, ovate, about 1.8 mm long (including

0.8 mm long claw), 0.8-1.0 mm broad. Stamens many, subequal.

Ovary subglobose, glabrous; style 3-5 mm long. Capsule (not seen).

INDOCHINA: Annam, Quang Binh Prov., at Kim Bang

Village (Petelot 3,743: A — holotype). Formosa (Faurie 8,076: A).

- The species has unusually small flowers and shortly clawed

petals. It is a very close ally of L. subcostata.

31. Lagerstroemia glabra (Koehne) Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. XLI

(1907) 102, non. L. glabra Gagnep (1918). — Fig. 33.

L. microcarpa Wight sec. Hance in Journ. XVI (1879) 107.

L. subcostata Koehne var. glabra Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. [V

(1883) 20, and in Engl., Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 260:

Rehder et Wilson in Journ. Am. Arb. VIII (1927) 179 pp.

basinym.

L. stenopetala Chun in Sunnyatsenia VII (1943) 8 pl. 2.

SyR. NOV.

Holotypus: CHINA, Sai Shi Chan (Sampson in Herb. Hance

n. 15,619). a.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves elliptic lanceolate or ovate-elliptic,

*5.0-11.5 cm long, 2.5-4.0 cm broad, chartaceous, glabrous on

both sides, sometimes with a few hairs at the axils of lateral

nerves beneath, long acuminate sometimes acute or sub-rounded

at the apex, cuneate to sub-rounded at base, slightly decurrent

into the petiole, 5~7 nerved on each side; petiole 2-7 mm long.

“Panicle terminal, pyramidal, 5-12 cm long, 2-8 mm_ broad,

sparsely pubescent or glabrous, rectangular with short acute

angles, often bearing linear bracteoles. Flower bud top-shaped

with abruptly narrowed into 1-2 mm long pedicelliform base,

obscurely 12-14 ridged, shortly nippled. Calyx in flower funnel-

shaped, 3-4 mm deep, 3 mm broad; lobes 6, erect or spreading.

about 1.5 mm long. Petals oblong or elliptic about 3 mm long

(excluding 2-3 mm long claw), 3 mm broad, undulate in the

margin. Stamens many, 3-6 thicker and longer, the others subequal.

Ovary subglobose, glabrous with a long slender style. Capsule

ellipsoid, 6-8 mm long, 4-5 mm in diam.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia v BPH

Ki) JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 32. L. micrantha Merr. (A-E: Petelot 3,743 in A — holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower after anthesis. D,

Longitudinal section of flower. E, Petal.

278 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 33. L. glabra Koehne (A-A3. Tsang 20,543 in SING — isoholotype

of L. stenopetala; B-B2 Chow 536 in A; C-Cl Henry 7,169 in A,

D-D2 Tsang 23,000 in A).

A, B, C, D, Leaves. Al, Flower bud. A2, B!, Flower after anthesis.

A3, B2, Longitudinal section of flower. C1, D1, Capsules.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 279

CHINA: Kwangsi, Pa Yam Shan on Kwangtung border

(Tsang 23,000: A); Hupeh (Henry 7,169: A, BM, E & GH);

Patung Hsien (Chow 536: A & E). Kwangtung, Fan Shiu Shan

(Lau 2,593: A); Sam Koh Shan (Tsang 20,543: A, E, SING &

UC — isoholotypes of L. stenopetala).

JAPAN: Lui Kiu Islands (Yokohama Nursery — s.n.: A).

There is a great deal of variation in the specimens referable

to this species and without having the holotype to consult we

are not able to separate them into varieties. Henry 7,169 from

Hupeh, China, represents a broader leafed form as was noted

by Koehne (1903) himself, and his L. fauriei may also be a

form or variety referable here. L. stenopetala has ovate slightly

curved leaves with a long acuminate or caudate acuminate apex.

Chow 536 from Hupeh has elliptic acuminate or caudate-acuminate

leaves. Tsang 23,000 has subsessile leaves and may be the typical

form as described by Koehne (1907 p. 104).

32. Lagerstroemia yangii Chun in Sunyats. VII (1948) 7. —

Fig. 34.

A tree, branches pubescent, brown. Leaves obliquely elliptic,

widest above the base, 7-10 cm long, 3-4 cm broad, narrowed

at base, acuminate at apex, undulate in the margin, hairy on

both surfaces when young, later glabrous and dark above, paler

and glabrescent beneath, hairs persistent along the nerves, 7-9

nerved on each side; petiole 2-4 mm long, puberulous. Panicle

terminal, 6-7 mm long or longer with lateral long branches borne

in leaf axils; branchlets angled, brownish, pubescent, congested

with flowers. Flower buds about 2 mm in diam., globose,

superficially 12 costulate. puberulous. Calyx tubular, 2 mm deep

with lobes slightly shorter, hairy, glabrous within, except at the

appendicular tips. Petals ovoid, undulate in margin, obtuse at

apex, roundedly cordulate at base, slightly decurrent in the claw.

Stamens unequal, 6 longer, all inserted at the base of the calyx

tube. Ovary glabrous. Capsule subglobose 5-7 mm long, 5-6 mm

in diam., black.

CHINA: Kwangtung Prov. by the Lunchow river (Ford

1,719: A).

We have interpreted this species from the description only.

The type was collected by Lieut. Yang Ching Hseng from an

old dying tree about 25 m. tall with a trunk of one metre in diam.,

growing near a monastery in Kweichow Province of China. The

capsule in the holotype was obviously not fully developed, a

reason why the seeds were described as not being fully mature.

The capsules in Ford 1,719 are larger.

The species appear to be very like L. subcostata though easily

distinguished by its black, subglobose capsules.

var. ambigua (Pamp.) Furtado et Montien. — Fig. 35b (b).

L. subcostata Koehne var. ambigua Pampini in Nueva Gorn.

Bot. Ital. XVII (1910) 676: basinym.

Differs from the type variety in the leaves being much narrower,

fewer nerved (3—5 nerved), more hairy.

280 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL

Fig. 34. L. yangii Chun (Ford 1,719 in A).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower after anthesis. C, Longitudinal section of

flower. D, Petal. E, Twig with capsules. F, Fruit enlarged.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 281

CHINA: Hupeh Prov. mountains, alt. 1,950 m (Silvestri 1,558a:

A — lectotype & 1,558: A). Chekiang Prov. (Leg.? no. 1,740 =

Lingnan Univ. Herb. No. 77,778 — A).

Silvestri’s collections were the syntypes of Pampini’s variety

which are probably in Florence, the Arnold Arboretum’s

collections being the fragments (clastotypes) of the original

specimen.

33. Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. [IV (1883)

20; Engl. Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 260 pro parte typica

& in Engl. Jahrb. XLI (1907) 102; Matsum et Hay., Enum.

Pl. Form. (1906) 152 p.p.; Hui-Lin, Ic. Pl. Form. II (1912) 27;

Rehder & Wilson in Journ. Arn. Arb. VIII (1927) 179 p.p.;

Kanehira, Form. Trees (1936) 487 fig. 450; Hui-Lin, Woody

Fl. Taiw. (1963) 927 fig. 247; Ohwi, Fl. Jap. (1965) 648. —

Fig. 35a, 35b (a).

L. subcostata Koehne var. hirtella Koehne in op. cit. (1883)

21 & (1903) 260 (nom. illeg.).

L. unguiculosa Koehne in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. XLI (1907) 103;

Hayata, Mat. Fl. Form. (1911) 116 & Ic. Pl. Form. II (1912) 27.

A shrub or small tree. Leaves ovate, elliptic or obovate-elliptic

3-9 cm long, 1.5-5.0 cm broad, often opposite or sub-opposite,

distichous, glabrous above, glabrous or minutely pubescent

beneath, chartaceous, acuminate at the apex, gradually cuneate

to the base or sub-rounded, 4-7 nerved on each side; petiole

2-4 mm long. Panicle minutely greyish brown pubescent all

‘over; pyramidal 10-30 cm long, terminal or axillary. Flower bud

subglobose about 2 mm long (excluding + 3 mm long pedicelliform

base), 2 mm broad, 12-14 faintly ridged, shortly nippled at

the apex. Calyx in flower cup-shaped, 2 mm deep, 3 mm broad;

lobes 6 or sometimes more, erect. Petals broadly ovate, retuse

above the claw, undulate in the margin, about 3 mm long,

4 mm broad (claw 3.5 mm long). Stamens many, 3-6 longer

and thicker, the rest subequal. Ovary glabrous, subglobose with

a long slender style. Fruiting calyx obconical, 2 mm deep,

abruptly narrowed into + 5 mm long _ pedicelliform base.

Capsule elliptic-oblong, 7-9 mm long, 4-6 mm in diam., 4-6

valved.

CHINA: Kiangsu, Ihsing-Wu-Fu (Ling 12,286: UC). Anhwei,

Chu Hwa Shan (Ching 2,891: A & E); Chemen (Ching 3,202:

A, E & UC). Kiangsi, Yuen Shan Hsien (Hu 1,302: A & UQ);

Kiennan near Tung Lei (Lau 4,116: A); Wu-ning (Hsing 5,038:

A). Chekiang, Chun-an Hsien (Keng 656, 745: A & UO):

Kai-Hwa Hsien (Hu 512: SING).

FORMOSA: Taihoku (Sasaki & Hsieh 2247: A & PNH;

Sasaki 21,470: A & UC; Wilson 10,263: A); Chichijima, Yanku

(Wilson 8,246: A); Takao (Wilson 9,875: A); Bankinsing (Henry

43: E; 561: A & E; 438: BM); Tamsui (Henry 1,736: BM);

Tehow (Henry s.n.: A); South Cape (Henry 958: A; 966: A &

BM; 1,220: A); Sylruta Paehiran? (Faurie 56: A); Sepibus,

282

(4 Fa

(a on

y \

A. :

ne TS

ae }

JURAIM1 DEL.

" / \

=e.

RAT

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 35a. L. subcostata Koehne (Gressitt 433 in A).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower. C, Longitudinal section of flower. D,

Petal. E, Nerves to show hairy. F, Capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 283

Fig, 35b. (a) L. subcostata Koehne (A'1—A3 Oldham 111/1 in GH; A4

Oldham 119/2 in GH).

(b) L. yangii var ambigua (B!—B3: Silvestri 1,558a in A lectotype; B4: Leg.?

1,740 in A).

Al, Leave. A2, Flower bud. A3, Flower after anthesis. A+, Cap-

sule with longitudinal dehiscence. B1!1, Leave show the hair. B2,

Flower bud. B3, Flower after anthesis. B4, Capsule.

284 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Mokuto (Faurie 1,018: A); loc. incert. (Ream 413: UC: Tanaka

49: GH & UC; Henry 1,491: A); (Oldham 111/1 & 119/2 GH —

syntypes?) Canyon (Gressitt 433: A & BM); Tamali, Taitung

(Keng K. 1,400: A); Senzyo-zan, Taihoku-si (Tanaka 17,819: A, E,

GH & SING).

PHILIPPINES: Luzon, Los Bonos (Sulit 3,408: SING; Steiner

40,084: PNH & SING).

JAPAN: Bonin Islands (Wilson 8,246: A & s.n.: A).

We support Li’s opinion (1963) that in Formosa only one

species is known as wild. |

There are some large leafed forms which do not show any

material. differences from the typical ones and there are also

intermediate forms.

Subsect. Banglamea

Subsection Banglamea Furtado et Montien subsect. nov.

Subsect. Adambeola Koehne op. cit. (1833) 30 & (1903) 262

pro. parte atypica. or

Ovarium glabrum. Calyx costis sepalorum numero duplo

praeditus, vel costis indistinctis tomento tectis et infra sinum

corniculatus. Sepala intus supra medium tomentosa.

DISTRIBUTION: Subhimalayan region of Eastern India &

Pakistan, China, Indochina & Thailand.

HOLOTYPUS: L. fordii Oliv. et Kochne.

This differs from the subsection Adambea in having the superior

half of the sepals tomentose within..

The name Banglamea is latinized form of Indochinese name

for Lagerstroemia spp. of this subsection. Unfortunately

Adambeola is not available here, since it has to be typified on

L. hypoleuca.

Key to the Species

la. Flower buds slightly i2-i4 ridged, light brown tomentose, with a

wart-like cornicule at the base of each sinus of sepals, long pedicellate.

(Fruiting calyx completely refiexed. Fruit elongate 17 x 10 mm) ...

Sees) ee ee eee. | L. duperreana.

lb. Flower buds without cornicules, minutely pubescent, distinctly

it.) ner pre ame) mene a. GET TE LT) os Be eh yA

2a. Leaves up to 12 cm long, 6 cm broad, oblong or ovate-lanceolate,

dark-green above, greenish beneath, rounded or nearly rounded at

the base, deciducusly puberulous beneath with tuft of persistent hair

in the nerve axils. (Side nerves 8-10. Petiole 8-9 mm long. Fruiting

calyx thin, erect. Fruit 5 mm long, 3 mm broad. No flower) .........

J.upitacsehearl teem. tithe. - eywedel. 0. teed. coped ieee L. minuticarpa.

2b. Leaves rhomboidally ovate, elliptic or obvate, glabrous on both

surfaces». ....:5 28+, ee ee Bene es ee - 8

3a. Leaves elliptic or obovate, attenuate obtuse or almost acute at base,

rounded or shortly apiculate at apex, 8-12 cm long, 3—5 cm broad,

with about 10 nerves on each side; petiole 3-4 mm long .............

o's acm s'n'n.ne & www sin ncaa W ghb sin sania. am mba pce a te L. gagnepainii.

3b. Leaves rhomboid elliptic ovate or elliptic, more or less cuneate on

both sides, acuminate or acute at apex, 7 cm long, 3.5 cm broad,

with 4-6 nerves on each side; petiole 7 mm long ............ L. fordii.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 285

34. Lagerstroemia duperreana Pierre ex Gagnep. in Lec. Nat.

Syst. III (1918) 358 et Flor. Indoch. II (1921) 948; Craib, FI.

Siam. Enum. I (1931) 721. — Fig. 36.

L. thorelii Gagn. in Nat. Syst. III (1918) 362 et Flor. cit. I

(1921) 947: Pham and Nguyen, FI. Vietn. (1960) 350 t. 126 fig. C;

syn. nov.

Lectoholotype: COCHINCHINA: Dinh. Mts. (Pierre 4,998: P).

A tree about 25 m high. Leaves oblong, or elliptic-oblong,

sometimes obovate, 15-17 cm long, 2.5—5.5 cm broad, acuminate

or acute or sub-rounded at the apex, gradually cuneate when

young, later sub-rounded at the base, glabrous on both sides,

6-11 nerved on each side, not prominent above but quite

prominent and reddish brown beneath as also the reticulations

reddish; petiole 3-5 mm long. Panicle pyramidal or almost

cylindrical, deciduously puberulous with light brown hairs, 10-30

cm long, 5-15 cm broad, with ultimate branchlets dichotomous

or trichotomous; the mid-flower sessile with a very long

pedicelliform (up to 15 mm long base); pedicel 5-8 mm long.

Flower bud whitish tomentose, turbinate, lateral one 10-15 mm

long (including 4-7 mm long pedicelliform base), obscurely 12

ridged or more, often bearing a wart at each sinus, mammillate

at the apex. Calyx in flower cup-shaped, 13-15 mm _ long

(including 5—9 mm long pedicelliform base), 6 mm in diam.;

lobes 6, 3 mm long, patent or reflexed, tomentose in the superior

half within. Petal obovate, about 15 mm long (including 2-3 mm

long claw), 10 mm broad, undulate in the margin. Stamen many,

subequal. Ovary short, oblong, glabrous. Fruiting calyx cup-shaped,

ridgeless or nearly so, tube 5 mm deep, 10 mm in diam.; lobes

teflexed more or less tomentose in the superior half within;

stalk 7-12 mm long. Capsule oblong, 15-17 mm long, 10 mm

in diam.; usually 6 valved, each valve slightly grooved dorsally.

THAILAND: North-Eastern: Ubon Prov. (Chirn 18 = BKF

24,193: SING). Eastern: Korat Provy., Chantuk on the Kao

Sisiat (Kerr 9,089: BM & E & PNH). Central: Saraburi Prov.

(Rananand 9 = BKF 10,754: SING). South-eastern: Trat Prov.

(B.S. 176 = BKF 9,660: SING and Smitinand 1,373 = BKF

7,324: SING).

INDOCHINA: Cochinchina, Prov. Baria, Dinh Mountains

(Pierre 4,998: GH — lectoholotype); Prov. Bien-Hoa at

Bao-Chiang (Pierre 4,998: SING — lectoparatype). Cambodia,

Kampong Cham (Bejaud 696: A); Stung-Streng (Thorel 2,241:

E — isosyntype of L. thorelii). Laos, Khon Isle (Thorel 2,241:

A & BM — isosyntypes of L. thorelii).

Both Thorel & Pierre seem to have numbered their specimens

after a preliminary study in the herbarium so that different

collections bear the same number. Thus the isolectotype of

L. duperreana was collected in May 1866 in the Baria Province,

286 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

yi)

VEN:

; : (Zz,

Ui Ns

Gort Peryue wae

REET EOE

JURAIMI-DEL -

Fig. 36. L. dupereana Pierre ex Gagnep. (A-F. Thorel. 2.241 in E —

isosyntype of — thorelii; G: Pierre 4,998 in GH — lIectoholotype).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud with warts at each sinus and a

nipple at the apex. C, Flower after anthesis. D, Longitudinal sec-

tion of flower. E, Calyx dissected. F, Petal. G, Twig with capsules.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 287

while the specimen at Bao Chiang in Bien-hoa province were

collected in September 1861, but both collections bear Pierre

n. 4,998.

There is a great deal of difference in the leaves and flowers of

this species, depending upon ecological factors and some flower

buds have short or long nipples in the same inflorescence.

35. Lagerstroemia minuticarpa Debberm. ex P.C. Kanj. in

Assam For. Rec. Bot. I (1934) 9: Kanj., Kanj. & Das, Flor.

Assam II. (1938) 311. — Fig. 37.

A tree. Leaves elliptic or oblong-elliptic, 7-13 cm long, 4-6

cm broad, greenish, glabrous above, paler beneath and ojiten

pubescent in the axil of side nerves and mid nerve, acuminate

at apex, sub-rounded at base, 8-12 nerved on each side; petiole

about 8 mm long. Panicle subpyramidal, about 15 cm long,

15 cm broad, brownish pubescent all over. Calyx whitish tube

about 6 mm long, broadly campanulate, thinly pubescent, tube

about 2 mm deep, 12 ribbed; lobes 6, deltoid, acuminate,

slightly pubescent towards the apex within. Petals 6, white,

oblong, about 2.5 mm long, crumpled, margins crisp, claw minute.

Stamens about 12: filament filiform, 6 stouter than the others.

Ovary subglobose, style curved, exserted, ovules numerovs.

Fruiting calyx funnel-shaped, + 1 mm deep, (excluding 24 mm

long pedicelliform base), + 3 mm broad, 6 lobes about 1—-1.5 mm

long; 12 ridged, puberulous. Capsule ellipsoid, + 5 mm long,

= 3 mm in diam., brownish in colour, 3-5 valved.

INDIA: Assam, North East Frontier at Kerim (Deka

17,041: E).

The holotype of the species which was collected in North East

Frontier region near Bonjur, has not been seen by us, but the

above quoted fruiting specimen was collected subsequently in

the Kerim forest in June 1938 and distributed from Assam as

““co-type’’ specimen.

36. Lagerstroemia gagnepainii Furtado et Montien nom. nov. —

Fig. 38.

L. glabra Gagnep. in Not. Syst. III (1918) 359 et Fl. Indoch. II

(1921) 949: (not L. glabra (Koehne) Koehne, 1907); basinym.

Tree, branchlets glabrous. Leaves elliptic or oboval, attenuate

at base, rounded and shortly apiculate at the tip, 8-12 cm long, 3—5

cm wide, subcoriaceous, glabrous, 10-nerved on each side; petiole

3-4 mm long, glabrous. Jnflorescence terminal, 20 cm long or more,

glabrous or sparsely pilose, with leafy bracteoles in the lower

parts; lower branches up to 8 cm long. Flower buds globose,

slightly costulate, thinly cinereous tomentose. Calyx tomentose,

12 costulate, ridges almost indistinct because of the tomentum

outside, costulate and annulate within, 6-7 mm long in the

tube: lobes triangular, shortly appendiculate, 4-5 mm _ long,

somewhat tomentose below the apex within. Petals obovate,

288 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

1 7

Sy /

Ni aa =

Va LY,

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 37. L. minuticarpa Debberm. ex. P.C. Kanj. (Deka 17,041 in E).

A, Twig with capsules. B, Capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 289

Fig. 38. L. gagnepainii Furtado et Montien (Lecomte & Finet s.n. in P —

Photolog from Paris).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Calyx dissected. D, Ovary and

stigma. E, Petal.

290 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

15 mm long, 12 mm wide, gradually narrowed into a claw

1.5 mm long. Stamens numerous, inserted at the base of the tube.

Ovary glabrous, 6 locular. Fruit not known.

COCHINCHINA: loc. et lector ignoti, sub. nom. vern. Cay

Tau Vang (s.n. — P).

This species known only from the holotype collection received

in Paris in 1912. We have seen only a photocopy of the specimen

with a flower diagnosis made by Gagnepain. It appears to be a

distinct species.

Gagnepain (1918) states that this species differs from L. fordii

Oliv. et Koehne in the following: (1) petiole is 2-3 times shorter

and the leaf lamina is without a long acumen; (2) the inflorescence

is larger and glabrous; (3) the flower-bud is globose with a very

small nipple at the top and without any cornicules; (4) the ridges

are very slight, hardly distinct; (5) the petals are obovate, the

claw being 2 times shorter.

He differentiates it also from L. thorelii Gagnep.: (1) in elliptic

leaves; (2) in much less dense inflorescence; (3) by*globose flower

buds having 12 faint ridges without any cornicules and (4) in

petals being neatly obovate and its claw twice as short.

37. Lagerstroemia fordii Oliv. and Koehne in Engl. Pflanzenr.

17 = IV. 216 (1903) 262. fig. 56D; Chung, Cat. Trees and

shrubs China (1924) 181. — Fig. 39.

A shrub about 3 m high. Leaves elliptic or ovate, 3-10 cm

long, 2-4 cm broad, usually dirty colour on both surfaces when

dry, acuminate or caudate acuminate at apex, narrowed towards

the base and decurrent into petiole, minutely pubescent on both

sides when young, later glabrous, minutely gland-dotted above,

5-8 nerved; petiole 5-12 mm long, slightly winged. Panicle

terminal, pyramidal, 8-20 cm long, 3-12 cm broad, minutely

pubescent all over, bearing a small linear leaf-like bract.

Flower-bud deciduously pubescent all over and somewhat bearded

at the sinus, turbinate with a long pedicelliform base, 10-12

mm long (including 4-7 mm long base), 3-4 mm in diam., 12

ridged and 12 channelled, shortly nippled at the apex. Calyx

in flower funnel-shaped, 9-11 mm long (including 5-8 mm long

base), 4-5 mm broad, the middle one sessile, lateral provided

with a short pedicel; lobes 6, erect or spreading, about 2 mm

long, slightly pubescent in the upper half within. Petal ovate

about 8 mm long (including 3-4 mm long claw), 4 mm broad,

acute at the apex, cordate at the base undulate in the margin.

Stamen many, 3-6 thicker and longer, the rest shorter. Ovary

short, oblong, glabrous; style about 10 mm long. Fruit (not seen).

CHINA: Hongkong in D’Aguilar Cape (Leg.? 1,011: BM);

Aberdeen (Bodinier 1,261: E; Taam 1,401: A & UC and

9,206: A).

The holotype was collected by Ford in Lan Tao island near

Hongkong. No. 1,011 in BM (D’Aguilar Cape) differs slightly

from other specimens in shorter petiole and in glabrescent flower

buds and calyces.

29]

Furtado — Lagerstroemia

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower. D, Longitudinal section

Fig. 39. L. fordii (Bodinier 1,261 in E).

of flower. E, Part of calyx.

292 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Section Trichocarpidium

Section Trichocarpidium Koehne in Engl. Pflanzr. 17 = IV.

216 (1903) 263; Sect. 2 Adambea Subsect. 3 Trichocarpidium

Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 31.

Ovary tomentose.

Subsect. Trichocarpidium

Ovary tomentose, but calyx lobes glabrous within.

DISTRIBUTION: China, Burma, Thailand, Indochina, Flores

Archipelago, New Guinea & N. Australia.

TYPE SPECIES: L. tomentosa Presl.

Key to the Species

la. Calyx yellow tomentose with 12 ridges. (Leaves lanceolate or ovate-

elliptic) wat, iG. il las. epatet) ef th ee ee ee if

_lb. Calyx glabrous or ferruginous yellow tomentose with 6 ridges. (Leaves

tEmMeNlOses on) DOK. 5, ...>0 haan Sakse > tyaie ee he makes atlen Seedabalen smears a

2a. Calyx light yellow tomentose. Fruiting calyx with ridges prominent.

(Leaves lanceolate up to 17 cm long, 6 cm broad, acuminate or

acute, tomentose on both sides when young later pee beneath

itis the veins and reticulations, side nerves 8-12) .....................

eo ec ary

2b. Calyx yellow tomentose. Fruiting calyx ridges unequal, 6 obtuse uss

6 winged. (Leaves ovate-elliptic, Fa16 cm long, 5-10 cm broad, round

or subcordate at base, shortly acuminate at the apex, coriaceous,

yellow pilose on nerves above, tomentellose below, side nerves

BDOULE VO) LFA, dd dace bien ts oi cited pe edna L. dielsiana.

3a. Fruiting calyx obscurely ridged, glabrous; stalk 8 mm long; lobes 3

long as the calyx tube, reflexed. (Leaves glabrous, obtuse or

emarpinate at. the apex) voila... LEV L020) .. Sees L. petiolaris.

3b. Fruiting calyx prominently ida! felrnptdiaahs yellow tomentose; stalk

short 3-4 mm long; lobes less than + of calyx tube. (Leaves yellow

tomentose beneath, glabrescent later, obtuse at the apex; hairs on

the ‘sepals’ within \often) fall. off 3..0)F 7404. AT. L. archeriana.

38. Lagerstroemia tomentosa Presl, Bot. Bemerck. (1844) 142:

Walp.; Ann. Bot. I (1848) 295; Kurz, Fl. Burma I (1877) 522

and in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. XLVI (1877) 88; Clarke in

Hook. f., Flor. Brit. Ind. II (1879) 578 p.p.; Koehne in Engl.

Jahrb. IV (1883) 237 and Engl., Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216

(1903) 264; Brandis, Ind. Trees (1911) 339; Gamble, Man.

Ind. Trees (1912) 375; Traup, Silv. Ind. Trees II (1921) 601;

Gagnep. in Fl. Indoch. II (1931) 958; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum.

I (1931) 726. — Fig. 40.

L. tomentosa Presl. var. caudata Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. XLII,

Berbl. 97 (1908) 51; Craib in Kew Bull. (1911) 54.

A tree + 14 m high. Leaves lanceolate or elliptic, 5-24 cm

long, 2-8 cm broad, acuminate or acute usually obtuse, yellow

stellately tomentose on both surfaces when young, later glabrescent

along the midrib above and pilose beneath; 7-12 nerved on

each side; petiole 4-8 mm long. Panicle terminal, pyramidal,

6-20 cm long, 4-15 cm broad, yellow tomentose with deciduous

linear bracteoles. Flower bud 5-6 mm long, 4-5 mm in diam.,

293

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Fig. 40. L. tomentosa Pres]. (A-E: Helfer 2239 in K — Prob. isoholotype;

G: Griffith 2,238 in K).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower. D, Longitudinal section

of flower. E, Part of calyx shows inside. F, Petal. G, Capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 295

turbinate, 12 or more ridged, shortly pedicelliform at base,

often having a wart-like growth at each sinus. Calyx 5-6 mm

long 4-5 mm in diam., cup-shaped, abruptly narrowed into

short 1-2 mm long pedicelliform base; lobes 6, reflexed, glabrous

inside. Petal obovate about 15 mm long (including 5 mm long

claw) 9 mm broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens many, 3-6

thicker and longer, others subequal. Ovary subglobose yellow

tomentose, style slender about 15 mm long. Fruiting calyx

saucer-shaped about 3 mm deep, 9 mm in diam., adpressed to

the fruit, deciduously yellow tomentose; pedicelliform base 2-3

mm long; lobes reflexed, brittle. Capsule oblong, 12-17 mm

long, 9-12 mm in diam., usually 6 valved.

CHINA: Yunnan (Wang 77,837 & 78,608 & 79,202 & 80,708

& 80,843: A).

BURMA: Yamethin, Pyinmana, Tetshien (Lace 4,558: E);

Mintyin (Smales s.n.: E); Ngalaik Chaung (Lace 4,554: CAL

& E). Shan State (Collett 563: CAL); Meh Len (Rock 2,102:

A & UC); Nam Live (Kingdom-Ward 8,870: A). Salween Distr.

(Meebold 16,718: CAL). Pegu. Meaday (Scott s.n.: E & GH);

Yomah, Rangoon (Kurz 1,344: CAL, E & 1,956 & 1,976: CAL);

Hautawaddy (Lace 2,894: E); Pakokku, Saw (Dickason 8,627:

SING). Rangoon (Weiste s.n.: BM & Parkinson 14,058: A &

Dickason 5,587 & 5,837a: A). Temasserim (Meebold 15,145 &

15,253: CAL); Below Tayet (Griffith 2,238: K). Moulmein (Helfer

Kew distr. 2,239: A, GH & K — probably isoholotype & Reliq.

Helf. n. 30: A, BM & E — probably isoholotypes); Yauaungmyin

(Mg. Kyaw Zan 17: A); loc. incert. (Tottingham s.n.: CAL &

Mg. Khaw 2: E).

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai Prov., Doi Chiengdao

(Khantchai 161 = BKF 12,389: BKF & KEP; K.B. 332 = BKF

= 17,133: SING); Huay Tat (Smitinand 4,192: BKF); Muang

Fang (Hosseus 600: BM & E — isosyntypes of var caudata);

Mae Patang (Garrett 1,208: A & E); Doi Sutep (Hosseus 512’:

BM & E — isosyntypes of var caudata); Chiengmai to Chieng

Rai (Rock 1,832 & 1,853: A & 1. 694: A & UC). Lampoon Prov.,

Mae Lee (Vanpruk 93: BKF). Prae Prov. (Pramual 2 = BKF

2003; Bee: Pis 13 = BRE 1.224: BKF); Huay Rai (Qpus

Promdet 5: BKF); Huay Yen: (Yam Trykhao 16 = BKF 9:

BKF): East Mae-Yom (Thai For. Dept. Coll. 2,503: A); Pak

Kawng (Kerr 2,554: BM & E); Ban Pa-Dang (Tongbi 4 =

BKF 5; SING); Mae Had (Vibulvonakit sn. = BKF 10: BKF),

loc. incert. (Srichun 4 = BKF 2,503: SING). Utaradit Prov.

(Kerr 5,884: BM). Kampeng Pet Prov. (Kerr 5,961: UC). Nakawn

Sawan Prov. (Vanpruk 268: BKF). Tak, Raheng (Kerr 5,884:

E). Central: Nakawn Chaisee (Winit 513: BKF; Kerr 5,884: EB).

South-Western: Kanburi Prov. Sai Yok (Kai Larsen 8,923: A,

BKF & E; Kostermans 1,120: A & SING); Bangkasi (Kostermans

296 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

1,463: A); Wang Yai (Charoenmayu 5,473: A, BKF & KEP);

Kao Tok (Kerr 19,537: BM); loc. incert. (Kerr 10,113; BM);

Tripagodas (Kostermans 447: PNH, SING); Tasadet (Leg.? s.n.:

BKF). loc. incert. (Thai For Dept. Coll. 13,334: BKF).

INDOCHINA: Hue (Square 294: A, BM, E, SING & UC &

337: A, BM, E, SING & UC).

CULTIVATED: Parks or Botanic Gardens: India, Dehra Dun

Mani s.n.: SING). Ceylon, Peradeniya Gardens (Cult. Peradeniya

821: UC). Malaysia, Penang Bot. Gardens (Kamaradin 307:

SING). Singapore, Bot. Gardens (Holttum 66: SING).

Helfer who collected near Moulmein in Burma and in the

Andamans between 1832-38, sent some of his specimens to his

native city, Prague, to be worked out by Presl at the University

there (Munir in Gard. Bull. SING. XXI, 1966 p. 336). Many

new taxa based on Helfer’s specimens were published by Presl

who quoted in his protolog the type locality but not the collector

of the holotype. Now L. tomentosa does not occur in the

Andamans and in any part of Bengal or India. Hence Helfer’s

Specimens distributed under No. 30 from the Prague National

Museum in 1837 as being from Bengal near Calcutta are probably

the duplicates of the holotype from Moulmein as also Helfer’s

specimens of the species distributed from Kew under n. 2239.

They are all therefore to be regarded as probable isoholotypes of

the species.

In a specimen of Helfer’s collection preserved in Kew the field

label bears the following data: “In November 1937 Moulmein”,

and Koehne quotes “‘257’’ being Helfer’s n. in a Kew specimen.

Clarke had stated that L. pubescens Wall. Cat. 2,112 was a

mixture being L. tomentosa for its greater part but one specimen

being L. villosa. But Koehne has quoted all Wallich 2,112 under

the latter species. We have not seen Wallich’s specimens.

As Clarke has noted, the fruiting specimens of the two species

might be easily confused, but the leaves of L. tomentosa are

stellately hairy beneath, while those of L. villosa are simple

pubescent.

39. Lagerstroemia dielsiana Mansf. in Engl., Jahrb. LXI (1927) 24.

Tree 3-5 m tall, branchlets ochraceous tomentulose. Leaves

broadly ovate or elliptic, 7-16 cm long, 5-10 cm broad, rounded

and slightly acuminate at apex, rounded or subcordate at base,

coriaceous, excepting the pilose nerves, glabrous above, tomentulose

beneath, about 10 nerved on each; petiole 5 mm long, yellow

tomentulose. Panicle terminal, 24-29 cm long, about 25 cm broad

at base, with densely ochraceous tomentulose in branchlets.

Flower buds rounded, subdepressed at apex, shortly apiculate,

shortly pedicellate, tomentulose, calyx 6-7 mm deep, 12 ridges,

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 297

ridges unequal, 6 obtuse and 6 winged; lobes 2 mm long glabrous

inside, reflexed. Petals 6, up to 4 mm long, suborbicular in the

limb, not ciliate. Stamens unequal, 6 episepalous thicker and

longer. Ovary densely pilose. Capsule 6 valved, 10 mm long,

8 mm diam., pilose at apex.

NEW GUINEA: North-East Sepik in the wet alluvial region

(Ledermann 10,745: B — holotypus).

We have not seen the type, but from the description this species

appears to be a form or variety of L. archeriana.

40. Lagerstroemia petiolaris Pierre ex Laness. Pl]. Util. Col. Franc.

(1883) 321; Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. XLI (1907) 102 nom.

nudum; Gagnep in Not. Syst. III (1918) 360 & FI. Indoch. II

(1921) 359 — Fig. 41.

Tree 10-15 m tall, with glabrous branchlets. Leaves ovate or

oblong, strongly rounded and sometimes shorter on one side,

subacuminate or rounded at apex with an obtuse or sometimes

emarginate tip, coffee brown in colour, glabrous on both sides,

6-10 nerved on each side, whitish in the margin, 6-13 cm long,

4.5-8 cm broad; petiole 15-20 mm long. Inflorescence terminal,

short, few flowered, 3-6 cm long and as much broad. Flower-buds

pyriform 12 mm long, glabrous, narrowed gradually into the base;

pedicels 3-4 mm long. Calyx campanulate, glabrous, glaucescent-

pruinose; tube 10-12 mm long, slightly 6 ridged; lobes 6, glabrous

inside. Petals 6, orbicular or elliptic, long clawed, 3 cm long,

2-3 cm broad; claw 5 mm long. Stamens numerous, slightly exsert,

with orbicular anthers. Ovary stellate tomentose, 6 locular; style

twice longer than stamens with discoid stigma. Fruiting calyx,

cup-shaped, abruptly narrowed into a 5-8 mm long base; tube

5-8 mm deep, 10 mm diam., glabrous, slightly 6 ridged, often

a slight intermediate ridge at base, strongly reticulated outside:

lobes glabrous inside, narrowly triangular, often apiculate. Capsule

subglobose, 12 mm long, 10 mm in diam., 6 valved, tomentose at

the top, surmounted with a 1-2 mm long apex.

INDOCHINA: Cambodia: Prov. Samrong-Tong on the Reang-

Kong mountains (Pierre 928: SING — isoholotype).

Particulars about the inflorescence and flowers are taken from

the protolog, since the isoholotype examined had only fruits just

before their dehiscence. The fruiting calyx shows alternisepalous

ridges reaching to the sinus, while its base has often vestiges

of another ridge between the alternisepalous ones. The calyx

tube bears many reticulations outside and also little warts which

suggest bases of hairs. In view of this, this plant appears to

have been evolved from one that had a 12 ridged hairy calyx.

298 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

4cm

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 41. L. petiolaris Pierre (Pierre 928 isoholotype in SING).

A, Fertile twig. B, Capsule,

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 299

41. Lagerstroemia archeriana Bailey, Synops, Queensl. Fl. I (1883)

196 & 809; Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. IA (1883) 408; Bailey,

Queensl. Fl. IL (1900) 678 t. 24; Koehne in Engl., Pflanzenr.

IV. 216 = Heft 17 (1903) 264. — Fig. 42.

L. engleriana Koehne in op. cit. (1883) 24 & (1903) 267;

Forschungsreise $.M.S. Gazelle IV (1889) 7 Siph. p. 38 t. 14;

Koehne in Engl., Jahrb. XLI (1908) 104; Mansf. in Engl., Jahrb.

61 (1927) 25 syn. nov.

L. floribunda Jack sensu BI., Mus. Lugd. Bat. IL (1852) 126

t. 41B excl. holotypus; koehne op. cit. (1883) 34 & (1903) 266

quoad tab. Blumeana.

A shrub or tree 3-12 m high. Leaves oblong or elliptic or

lanceolate 7-17 cm long, 4-9 cm broad, acute or shortly acuminate

or sometimes obtuse at apex, obtuse or almost cordulate at base,

ferruginous tomentose on both sides when young, later glabrous

or glabrescent along the nerves, 5-11 nerved on each side;

petiole 3-6 mm long. Panicle pyramidal or sub-pyramidal,

10-40 cm long, 4-22 cm broad, ferruginous tomentose, bearing

small, deciduous bracteoles. Flower bud turbinate, abruptly

pedicelliform at base, 10-12 mm long (including 3-4 mm long

base), 6-ridged, prominent with 1 mm long nipple at apex.

Calyx in flower 10-13 mm long (including 4-6 mm long base),

5—6 mm in diam., (longer and larger in the mid-flowers); lobes 6,

3 mm long, patent or reflexed, thickened along the margin outside,

glabrous within, often provided at the sinus inside with a short

reniform pouch. Petal oblong about 16 mm _ long (including

5-6 mm long claw), 10 mm broad, rounded or retuse at base.

Stamens many, subequal. Ovary sub-globose, tomentose. Fruiting

calyx sparsely tomentose, cupular or funnel-shaped above the

pedicelliform base, 10-15 mm long (including 5-10 mm long

base), with prominent straight ridges. Capsule oblong or elliptic,

15-18 mm long, + 10 mm in diam., somewhat with a brittle

nipple, 5—6 valved.

AUSTRALIA: Mitchell & Hodgkinson Rivers (Carr s.n.: A).

NEW GUINEA: Northern Territory, Morobe Distr., Lowe’s

Ford (Brass 32,313: A & LAE); Gusap (Womersley 4,746: A

& LAE). Papua, Port Moresby, Trans-Laloki (Womersley 4,504:

LAE & SING; Havel 17,377: LAE; Havel & School NGF

17,377: SING); loc. incert. (Brass 888: A); Obu (Carr 11,442:

BM & SING); Mt. Lawes (Schodde 2,645: LAE): Brown River

(Gray 12,907A: LAE): Daru Isl. (Brass 6,239: BM & LAE).

ARCHIPELAGOS IN THE FLORES SEA: Tanimber islands,

I]gnei-Otimmer (Neth. Ind. For. Serv. b.b. 24,246: A & SING):

Jamdena island at Norkese (Borssum Waalkes 3,249: BM).

Timor, Kupang, Noil Mina (Neth. Ind. For. Serv. b.b. 27,083:

A & SING).

300 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV ( 1969) :

JURAIMI DEL-

Fig. 42. L. archeriana Bailey (Brass 888 in A).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower, C, Longitudinal section of flower. D,

Anther. E, Petal. F, Part of calyx to show external structure.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 301

Koehne (1883 p. 24 obs.) recognized that the tomentum on

the inflorescence of L. engleriana is not of the type of Section

Pterocalymma, but was akin to that of L. floribunda. However

he had only a fruiting specimen and it is not rare to see the

fruits and leaves becoming completely glabrous with age. The

calyx lobes also have various stages of pubescence along the

margins and the tips of the sepals within, even in the same

inflorescence, but they cannot be said to be tomentose; the

hairs on the lobes are few and fall off soon and some become:

completely glabrous within. Blume’s t. 41B identified by Koehne

as that of L. floribunda Jack is also this species.

The holotype of L. engleriana was Zeyl’s collection from

Kupang, Timor, but Mansfeld has erroneously stated it to be

Taffenback 80 from New Guinea. In Koehne’s t. 14 (1889)

quoted above the filaments are shown adhering to the capsuie,

a condition seen also in younger capsules of L. archeriana and

sometimes also in the fully mature ones. Bailey (Queensl. Agric.

Journ. XV, 1905 p. 898) described a glabrescent variety (var.

glabrescens) with glabrous or nearly glabrous leaves and smaller

flowers, a description that agrees partly with our Timor and

Tanimbar specimens. But since the branches in this species tend

to root and from a shrubby clump, we are including to believe

that specimens from shrubby growth have more cordate and

hairy leaves and bear slightly larger flowers, while when the

tree grows tall and woody (it would happen thus in a thick jungie):

the specimens are glabrescent or nearly glabrous and the flowers

somewhat smaller stalked. A field inquiry is therefore needed.

The episepalous costae seen in the flowering calyx are not

of a permanent nature and seems to be due to a bulging caused

in shrinking of the calyx. Even in the type depicted by Bailey

has six-redged fruiting calyx, though the flower-buds seem to:

have a multicostate calyx. Hence L. dielsiana Mansf. in Engl.,

Bot. Jahrb. 61 (1927) 24 may belong here. I have not seen any

authentio specimen but there is no material difference in the

description.

Subsect. Trichosepalum

Subsection. Trichosepalum Furtado et Montien.

Ovarium dense pilosum. Calycis lobi intus supra medium dense

tomentosi, interdum tomento deciduo.

DISTRIBUTION: Burma, North Malaya, Thailand, Indochina,

& South China.

TYPE SPECIES: L. loudonii Teysm. et Binn.

This subsection differs from Subsect. Vrichocarpidium in that

the calyx lobes are tomentose in the superior half within, but

sometimes bear a few hairs along the margins and the tips of the

puberulous or even giabrous.

The sepals in the species of Subsect. Trichocarpidium might

sometimes the tomentum falls off to make the sepal look like

sepals.

302

la.

1b.

za.

Ja,

3b.

4a.

Ab.

5a,

5b.

6a.

6b.

Ta.

7b.

8a.

8b.

9a.

9b.

10a.

10b.

lla.

11b.

124.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Key to the Species

Calyx obscurely ribbed or nearly smooth with ferruginous tomentose.

Inflorescence shortly pyramidal or cylindrical with a few branches 2.

Calyx with prominent ribs or wings. Inflorescence large with many

Tong, irnegular DYARORCE oa. Pelt vens-fn--cucccascodub ti Gebscdsae?casaasacnne 9.

Inflorescence terminal or sometimes axillary at the end of a large

side branch. Calyx without ribs or nearly so. Flower-buds funnel-

shaped. Leaves pubescent when young, later glabrous or glabrescent;

adult leaves upto 18 cm long, 2.2-7 cm broad, narrow, generally

bfoadest Delow the” mitele -....,..-..-->s«gx«fenhceminedinths ussatoumementen .

Inflorescence on axillary branches. Calyx slightly ribbed. Flower-buds

turbinate. Leaves large 15-27 cm long, 8-12 cm broad, broadly

elliptic, almost rounded at apex or acute, sometimes broader in the

upper half, yellow tomentose on both sides when young, later sparsely

tomentose on the midrib above and pubescent beneath. (Fruiting

calyx 12 mm long, narrowed abruptly into a pedicelliform base,

base 4-6 mm long, lobes 6-7. Capsule subglobose upto 15 mm xX

DEES “ys. eds, - » sce tends caw teas tas > +o xsdaticce eee: ane Ben L. loudonii.

Inflorescence with dirty brown tomentum. Flower obconical, sessile.

Capsules about 8 mm long, 5 mm in diam. ............... L. calyculata.

Inflorescence with rusty ferrugineous or yellowish tomentum. Flower

buds abruptly narrowed into a pedicelliform base, pedicellate. Capsules

TCE fo. an hi vdps tt ovat Panky s x00 alte as nse wene apace tus ally sane near 4.

Adult leaves glabrous. Tomentum on fiowers usually lighter coloured.

Flower buds with a nipple over 1.5 mm long (L. collinsae shorter) 6.

Adult leaves hairy or glabrescent beneath. Tomentum rusty coloured.

Nipple in flower buds shorter, up to 1 mm long ..................... 5.

Leaves elliptic or narrow lanceolate, acuminate or acute at apex,

grey and glabrous above, dark brown and hairy beneath, 5-7 cm

long, 2-3 cm broad ............ L. cochinchinensis var. cochinchinensis.

Leaves broadly ovate or ovate oblong, subacuminate and obtuse at

apex; glabrous and grey or brown above, yellowish or light coloured

and glabrescent beneath, specially with persistent hairs and some

tomentum in the lower nerves and midribs; 4-11 cm long, 2-6 cm

broad’ SA .. Fatt Pe eee, Bere ne L. cochinchinensis var. ovalifolia.

Flower buds shortly nippled, nipple less than 1 mm long. (Capsule

12-13 mm long, 10-11 mm in diam., tomentose at apex)...............

RO he Oe | eRe ee Pee Bert? hee ee Sos L. collinsae.

Flower-buds with..a nipple ‘over 1 ‘mrt lOne sce). oon esi. tes ps8eearmecee b

Inflorescence long. Petioles more than 3 mm long ..................... 8.

Inflorescence short about 3 mm long. Petiole up to 2 mm long.

(Leaves 6-8 cm long, 3—4 cm (broad). Nipple 2 mm long ..................

ei recrenem: smear tk Wee OT TS L. noei var noei.

Leaves ovate-elliptic, usually larger and elongate. Inflorescence usually

pyramidal, many branched, generally thinly tomentose and with long,

slender peduncles. Nipple of flower bud 2 mm long. Capsule 16 mm

long, 12 mm ‘in diam., ‘tomentose (tall haweri (3204 (sy SONI...

eo a ee rae a eee ee S| ... L. noei var longifolia.

Leaves narrow elliptic. Inflorescence generally shorter, fewer branched

with thicker tomentum and thicker peduncles. Alabaster nipple up

to 1.5 mm long. Capsule 14 mm long, 10 mm in diam., glabrous

except at the tp. eae... c. emcee. « ae L. balansae.

Calyx 12-14 permanently ridged, equal or unequal; (lobes not

thickened «in the “mai@in) ..5. ... senge:cccele oe) - <p Cee 10.

Calyx with 6 permanent ridges, any ribes, if intervening superficial,

not seen in fruit. (Fruiting calyx reflexed) .................. L. lecomtei.

Calyx acutely ridged with auriculate appendices at the sinuses ...... 11.

Calyx broadly ribbed without any auriculate appendix at the sinus 14.

Auricules patent or knobbed; calyx ridges not winged . ............. 12.

Auricules incurved above the sinus: ridges winged at least in part

eT ee eT ee ae L. spireana.

Auricles slightly ‘knobbed or warted at the sinus or slightly patent

wes o.nias oop clus ain elvis dalache te bearers sors Eee weolk capa renee ees ae er L. anisoptera.

= a Recall ——_——

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 303

126. Ausicles ypatent) ..... 22.3. A Se Pe Pe ee ne ee 13.

13a. Leaves oblong about 10-14 cm long, 5-7 cm broad. Calyx tube in

fruit about 7 mm deep, 10-12 mm broad. Capsule about 14 mm long,

ee i ei S91 See A L. siamica.

13b. Leaves lanceolate or shortly oblong, 8-18 cm long, 2.5-6 cm broad.

Fruiting calyx larger, tube about 10 mm deep, 10-14 mm broad.

Capsule 15—22'mm long, 10-13 mm broad ............ L. langkawiensis.

ida. Fruitinpeealy< conspicuously tidged .;......:.........0.04 L. floribunda.

(i) Leaves somewhat shorter; indumentum of the calyx, pale

yellowish rusty. The ridges unequally prominent in the calyx

Mile Ar eel, cee. CET ORAM oo, var brevifolia.

(11) Leaves longer, indumentum ferruginous coloured. Ridges equally

promuncotria, cares. tube “5.4 Ge. Ay fh oh oo. od. var. floribunda

14b. Fruiting calyx obscurely ridged.

(i) Fruiting calyx almost ridgeless

(ii) Fruiting calyx slightly ridged

WE hele BE ccxierctet var. sublaevis.

SR a ae ea var. subecostata..

42. Lagerstroemia loudonii Teysm. et Binn. in Nat. Tijdschr.

Nederl.-Ind. XXV (1863) 425 et Cat. Hort. Bog. (1866) 241;

Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. XLVI (1877) 88 & For. FI.

Burma I (1877) 523; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 32 &

Engl. Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 264; Gagnep. in FI.

Indoch. IT (1921) 954; Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. I (1931) 724.

— Fig. 43.

L. tomentosa Presl. var loudonii Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit.

Ind. II (1879) 578.

L. rottleri Clarke in op. cit. IL (1879) 576; Koehne op. cit.

(1883) 22 et (1903) 263; Gamble, Fl. Madras I, 3 (1919) 513.

Tree. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, sometimes sub-orbicular,

variable in length 4-20 cm long, 3.5-8 cm broad, paler beneath,

acute or sub-rounded at apex, often mucronate, acute or rounded

and even subcordate at base, densely yellow stellately tomentose

on both surfaces when young, later glabrous above with a

tomentulose midrib, and tomentose beneath, 6-12 nerved on each

side; petiole 2-5 mm long. Panicle subpyramidal, terminal or

axillary, 10-30 cm long, 8-20 cm broad, deciduous yellow

tomentose, bracteate and bracteolate. Flower bud _ subglobose

long attenuate towards the base, 7-12 mm long (including +

3 mm long pedicelliform base), 5-8 mm in diam., obscurely

ridged, curved above, shortly nippled at apex. Calyx in flower

about 10 mm long (including + 5 mm long base), 7 mm in diam.;

lobes 6-8, acute, + 6 mm long, patent or reflexed, whitish

yellow tomentose in the superior half within. Petal obovate,

slightly narrowed to the top and the base about 25 mm long

(including + 4 mm long claw), + 18 mm broad, undulate and

fringed in the margin. Stamens many, subequal, 5-8 thicker and

longer stamens. Ovary subglobose with densely whitish yellow

tomentose, style long, slender. Fruiting calyx cup-shaped, about

10 mm long (+ 4 mm long base), 9 mm in diam., tomentulose,

slightly ridged; lobes usually patent or slightly curved upwards

at the tip, often glabrous inside, 5-6 mm long. Capsule varying

in size 12-20 mm long, 9-15 mm in diam., elliptic or oblong,

almost glabrous or sparsely tomentulose, 4-6 valved.

304 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 43. L. loudonii Teysm. et Binn. (A-G: Alston 17,075 in PNH).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower. D, Longitudinal section

of flower. E, Lobe to show inside. F, Petal. G, Twig with capsules.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 305

THAILAND: Central: Nakhon Sawan Prov., (King 5,420:

GH & UC). Saraburi Prov., (Dee 4 = BKF 1,217: BKF);

Chibadan (Kerr 8,030: BM & UC). Petchaburi Prov., (Marcan

622: BM). Prachuabkirikhan Prov., Hui Wa Toon (Winit 662:

BKF); Kaw Lak (Hamid 3,795: SING); Kao Tao (Marcan 2,458:

BM); Huay Yang (Kerr 10,879: BM & E); Limestone hill (Put

233: E). North-Eastern: Chiyapum Prov., King Ban Zang (Kerr

20,190: BM). Nakornracha-sima Prov. (Korat), (Smitinand 2,501:

BKF); Ban Chun Seng (Put 2,838: BM & E). Burirum Prov.,

Nang Rong (Suksakorn 940: BKF). Eastern: Prachinburi Prov.,

Krabin, Kao Sakan (Kerr 9,755: SING). Cholburi Proy., (Din

175 = BKF 8,346: BKF & 232 = BKF 7,107: BKF; Chit 259

Ee 14.305... E.:.209, =, BKE, 7,079: BRE: Sriracha

(Kerr s.n.: BM & 2,082: E; Collins s.n.: E; Marcan 122: BM;

Din 175 = BKF 8,346: KEP); Nowng Nam Kio (Collins 961: E).

Chanburi Prov., (Dee 1,144 = BKF 21,153: SING, & BS 648

= BKF 18,243: SING); Pong Nam Rawn (Smitinand 3,376 =

BKF 15,646: SING). Prov. & loc. incert (Haase s.n.: BM, Kerr

s.n.: BM; Bradley 219: UC).

INDOCHINA: Laos, Strung-Streng (Thorel 2,181: A, E & GH).

Cambodia, Prov. Pen-Lovier et Samrong-tong (Pierre 503: A).

CULTIVATED: Thailand, Bangkok, (Kerr 6,769: BM;

Charoon, Thai For. Dept. No. 146,650: BKF). Malaysia, Penang

Hort. Bot. (Abdul Kadin s.n.: SING; Uppaveé s.n.: SING;

Kamarudin 295: SING). Singapore Hort. Bot. (Mazuki s.n.: SING;

Furtado 34,895: PNH & SING). Indonesia, Hort. Bot. Bogor

(Alston 17,075: BM & PNH; Beumee’ VII. D. 31: SING; Wit s.n.:

PNH & SING). Philippines, Mt. Makiling, Laguna Prov. (Mendoza

7,708: A, Sulit 81,715: SING).

L. rottleri has been correctly reduced by Craib to L. loudonii,

and certainly this is not native of the Deccan in India. It must

have been a cultivated plant.

Fruiting specimens of L. loudonii and L. tomentosa might

also be easily confused since both these have forms which

produce large and small fruits. However in L. Joudonii fruiting

calyx is saucer-shaped, its ridges often almost obscure, and lobes

5-6 mm long and capsule normally subglobose, upto 17 mm

long, 14 mm in diam. Leaves also are generally acute or

mucronate. In L. tomentosa the leaves are acuminate, fruiting

calyx cup-shaped, ridges generally prominent, its lobes about

3 mm long, and capsule elongate 10-15 mm long, 8-10 mm

in diam.

The holotype was collected by Teysmann on a hill at Petchaburi

or Phetburi near Kanburi Province of Siam. Apparently from

the seed of this type specimen plants were grown in the Bogor

Gardens. There are plants in Bogor numbered VII. D. 31, XV,

JA XIII and others. In 1941 De Wit distributed as type specimens

from one of these plants growing in the private garden of the

Hortulanus House.

306 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

43. Lagerstroemia calyculata Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng.,

XLI. 2, (1872) 307 & For. Fl. Burma I (1877) 522; Clarke in

Hookf., Fl. Brit. Ind. IL (1879) 576; Koehne in Engler,

Pflanzenr., 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 257; Brandis in Ind. Trees

(1911) 339: Gagnep in FI. Indoch. If (1921) 959: Craib, FI.

Siam. Enum. I (1931) 719. — Fig. 44.

L. angustifolia, Pierre ex Laness., Pl. Util. Col. Fr., (1886)

322 et Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. XLI (1907) 102 — nom. nud.;

ex Gagnep. in Not. Syst. III p. 355 (1918); Fl. Indoch. II (1921)

956, fig. 103.

A tree. Leaves 10-20 cm long, 2-8 cm broad, lanceolate, long

acuminate or acute at the apex, obtuse or rounded at base,

entire or slightly undulate in the margin, hairy brown on both

sides when young, later excepting glabrescent midrib, glabrous

above, hairy beneath, 8-16 nerved on each side, reticulation

more prominent beneath; petiole 5-10 mm long, ferruginous

hairy. Panicle brown tomentose in axis, 10-30 cm long with

oblique or nearly horizontal branchlets; bearing sessile or

subsessile flowers. Flower bud pyriform 4-5 mm long, 3 mm in

diam., slightly nippled at apex. Calyx in flower, funnel shaped,

+ 6 mm long, + 4 mm broad, brown tomentose, obscurely 12

ridged; lobes 6 erect, not thickened in the margin. Petal obovate

but acute at apex, 5-8 mm long (including 2-3 mm long claw),

+ 5 mm broad, undulate in margin. Stamens many, subequal,

exert. Ovary oblong, slight tomentose. Fruiting calyx -+ 6 cm

long, + 6 cm in diam., not ridged, adpressed to the fruit; lobes

6, patent or reflexed, brittle. Capsule about 10 mm long, 6 mm

in diam., oblong, black, 5—6 valved.

BURMA: Yamethin, Mintyin (Lace 4,524: CAL & BE);

Yanaungmyin (Smales s.n.: A, CAL & E). Pegu (Kurz 1,344/6:

CAL); loc. incert. (Mg Kha No. 1: E).

THAILAND: Northern: Mae Houng Sorn Proy., Muang Pai

(Kerr 5,505: BM & E); Pang-Mu (Smitinand 4,612: BKF).

Lampoon Prov., Mae Lee (Winit 191: BM & E). Lampang Prov.,

Ngao, Ban Pong (Bunnak 74 = BKF: 9,841: KEP & SING).

Prae Prov., Mae Yom (Swat 9 = 2,518: A & SING; Vanpruk

198: BKF); Pang Pui (Kerr 3,616: E). Kampang Pet Prov. (Kerr

5,967: BM, E, PNH & UC & Thaew BKF 8,761: BKF).

South-Western: Kanburi Proy., Kawe Noi River at Wang ka

(Kostermans 82: A, PNH & SING). Eastern: Ubol Prev.

(Rananand 17 = BKF 11,895: SING). Srisaket Prov., Kantralak

(Prayad 271: SING). North-Eastern: Korat Prov. = Rachasima

(Pong 32 = BKF 22,897: SING & Phengklai 565: BKF —

28.672: BKF). Loei Prov., (Din 121 = BKF 5,306: SING).

Nong Khai Prov. Phonpisai (Adisai 433: SING). South-Eastern:

Cholburi Prov., loc. incert. (Din 236 = BKF 8,328: SING &

179 = BKF 8,347: BKF & KEP): Sriracha, Kaw Loi (Collins

392: E). Chanburi Prov., Pong Nam Rawn (Smitinand 3,345

= BKF 8,347: BKF & 3,375 = BKF 14,714: SING); Chantabun

(Noe 62: E). Southern: Surattani Prov., Ban Kawp Kep (Kerr

13,341: E). Trang (Vanpruk 811 = Flor. Siam. No. 5,378: BKF).

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 307

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 44. L. calyculata Kurz (A-H: Swat 2,518 in SING).

A, Fertile twig. B, Twig with capsules. C, Flower bud. D, Flower.

E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, Lobe to show inside. G, Petal.

H, Capsule.

308 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

INDOCHINA: Anam, Dalat (Squires 820: A. BM & SING).

Cochinchina, Prov. Bien Hoa at Bao Chiang (Pierre 4,993: A,

BM & GH — isosyntypes of L. angustifolia). Tayninh at Souida

(Pierre 4,993; perhaps 4,994: A — isosyntypes of L. engustifolia);

Thanh-uyen (Robert 14: A, E & UC). Laos, Borikhane near

Weing Chan (Kerr 21,305: BM). Cambodia, loc. incert. (Bejeaud

698: A).

This is easily distinguished by its sessile or subsessile flowers.

Gagnepain (1921) placed L. calyculata as insufficiently known

species.

44. Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis Pierre in Lanessan, Plant.

Util. (1886) 321 et Koehne, Engl. Jahrb. XLI (1907) 102

nom. nudum; Gapnep. in Not. Syst. III (1918) 356 et FAI.

Indoch. II (1921) 956; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. I (1931) 719

sub observ. L. balansae.

L. balansae Koehne sec. Craib, Fl. Enum. Siam. I (1931)

718 p.p.

‘A tree. Leaves elliptic or narrow-lanceolate, or ovate oblong,

5—9 cm long, 2.5 cm broad, greenish brown or grey above and

paler beneath, stallate tomentose on both surfaces when young,

later glabrous or glabrescent above, hairy or glabrescent beneath,

shortly acuminate or acute at the apex, sub-rounded at base,

6-9 nerved on each side; petiole 2-5 mm long. tomentose.

Panicle terminal, densely ferruginous stellate tomentose, 8-15 cm

long; branchlets stout and unequal; pedicel about 5 mm long in

lateral flowers. Flower bud pyriform, obconical and almost

truncate at first, shortly nippled at tip, thickly ferrugineous

tomentose. Calyx in flower, obconical, narrowed into a short

pedicelliform base, usually smooth or very obscurely ridged;

lobes 4 mm long, yellow tomentose in the superior half within,

glabrous lower down. Petal orbicular or obovate, 15-20 mm long

(with 3.5-5.0 mm long claw), 8-13 mm broad, undulate in the

margin. Stamens many, 4-6 thicker and longer, others subequal,

inserted at the bottom of the calyx tube. Ovary subglobose, densely

light yellow tomentose; style slender and longer than stamens.

Fruiting calyx cup-shaped, abruptly narrowed into the base, about

6 mm deep, 12 mm broad, densely ferruginous tomentose outside;

lobes 6, reflexed triangular. Capsule short, oblong or ovoid,

15-17 mm long, 12 mm in diam., deciduous tomentulose, often

densely tomentose at the tip, 6-7 valved.

44a. Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis var. cochinchinersis —

Fig. 45.

Leaves elliptic or narrow lanceolate, acute or acuminate at

apex, more or less rounded at base, dark brown or grey and

glabrous above, lighter and hairy beneath, 5-7 cm long, 2.5-3

cm broad; petiole 2-3 mm long (in the lectotype) and up to

5 mm in the other.

INDOCHINA: Cochinchina: Tayninh at Souida, cult. in Hort.

Bot. Saigon (Pierre 820: BM — isolectotype).

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 309

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 45. L. cochinchinensis var. cochinchinensis (Cult. in Bot. Saigon 820

in BM-isolectotype; D: Winit 515 in BKF).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower. C, Longitudinal section of flower. D,

Twig with capsule.

310 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

THAILAND: Central: Nakawn-Chaisee (Winit 515: BKF).

We are very grateful to Mile. M. F. Capitaine for sending us

a photocopy of the lectoholotype from the herbarium of the

Museum National D’Histoire Naturelle of Paris. It agrees well

with its duplicate in the British Museum though differing in that

the leaves here are loose and the main inflorescence is more

branched and bears open flowers. Mile. Capitaine also sent us

a line drawing of a young bud which shows a depressed apex

and a similar drawing of a fruit. Young buds with depressed

apices are also seen in the specimens of var. ovalifolia and the

fruiting calyx has lobes which shows that it has a very short

nipple to flower bud.

The lectotype specimen and its duplicate bear only flowers;

and so we have described the fruit from Winit 51S.

L. balansae with which this species has been confused by

Craib has narrower and glabrous leaves (adult) and flower buds

with longer nipples so that the calyx lobes of the capsules have

elongated apices.

44b. Lagerstroemia cochinchinensis Gagnep. var. ovalifolia

Furtado et Montien — Fig. 46.

Differt a var. cochinchinensis foliis latioribus ovato-oblongis,

supra virido-griseis, subtus glabrescentibus luteo-viridescentibus,

tomento stellato ochraceo deciduo praeditis.

Holotypus: THAILAND: Kanburi (P.S. 2,101 = BKF 28,791:

SING).

Folia late ovato elliptica, apice subacuminata vel acuta, basi

subrotundata, 6-9 cm longa, cm lata, utrinsecus 7-11 nervata,

supra glabra griseo-viridia, subtus luteo-viridescentia glabrescentia

cum tomento deciduo ochraeeo stellato; petiolus 3—5 cm longus.

Inflorescentia 6-10 cm longa, in ramos 3—6 cm longos subdivisa.

Alabastrum 10-12 mm longum, 7-8 mm latum, apice cum

mammillo circa 1 mm longo.

Leaves broadly ovate elliptic, subacuminate or acute at apex,

subrounded at base, 6-9 cm long, 3-6 cm wide, 7-11 nerved

on each side, glabrous and greenish grey above, glabrescent and

yellowish green beneath often with ochraceous stellate hairs;

petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence terminal, 6-10 cm long, with

3-6 cm long branches. Flower bud 10-12 mm long, 7-8 mm broad

with a nipple about 1 mm long.

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai, Doi-Sutep (Kerr 718:

BM). South-Western: Kanburi (P.S. 2,101 = BKF 28,791: SING

— holotype); Ta-Salao (Marcan 2,511: BM; Kerr 19,490: BM).

INDOCHINA: Laos, Pakse (Jeffrey 5,104: UC).

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 311

JURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 46. L. cochinchinensis var. ovalifolia (A-G: Smitinand 28,791 in

SING — holotype; Jeffrey 5,104 in UC).

A, Fertile twig. B, Twig with flower buds and flowers. C, Flower

bud. D, Flower. E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, lobe shows

inside. G, Petal. H, twig with capsules. I, Capsule.

312 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

45. Lagerstroemia collinsae Craib in Kew Bull. (1914) 282 and

in Fl. Siam. Enum. I (1931) 720. — Fig. 47.

A tree about 15 m high. Leaves elliptic or ovate-elliptic,

acuminate at the apex, nearly rounded or cuneate at base,

4-8 cm long, 1.5—3.5 cm broad, deciduously tomentose on both

sides when young, later glabrous, 6-9 nerved on each side;

petiole 3-8 mm long. Panicle, terminal, borne generally on

congested branchlets, about 5 cm on each branch, yellow tomentose

with axillary cymes; bracts small, linear, + 7 mm long, yellow

tomentose, deciduous; pedicels 5-7 mm long. Flower buds about

9 mm long, 8 mm broad ochraceous tomentose; nipple less than

1 mm long. Calyx in flower 7-9 mm long, obscurely ridged,

abruptly narrowed into a short base (2-3 mm long); lobes 6,

patent or recurved. Petals oblong or sub-rounded, purple, undulate

in the margin, + 16 mm long (including 4-5 mm long claw),

10 mm _ broad. Stamens many, exserted, subequal. Ovary

subglobose, light yellow tomentose; style slender, long. Fruiting

calyx tube 6-8 mm long (including + 3 mm long pedicelliform

base), cup shaped, lobes 6, patent or reflexed. Capsule globose

or oblong, 10-14 mm long, 10 mm in diam., usually light brown

tomentose at the apex, and sometimes also tomentulose lower

down, 5-6 valved.

THAILAND: Northern: Petchabun Prov. (Kerr 6,378: BM).

Central: Saraburi Proy., Muok Lek (Marcan 813: BM).

North-Eastern: Loei Prov., Phukrading (Smitinand 2,142 =

BKF 9,628: KEP & SING). South-Eastern: Cholburi Prov.,

Sriracha (Collins 38: E — syntype & 190: E & BM — syntypes).

The flowers are borne on small branchlets crowded together

on the top of a branch and this seems to be easiest way to

distinguish the species in herbarium. Marcan 813 is taken from

a cultivated tree in ““Muok Lek” which is the name of the

Public Park; this specimen bears larger leaves having larger

petioles. The fruits are borne on leafless branchlets.

46. Lagerstroemia noei Craib in Kew Bull. (1930) 327 et FI.

Siam. Enum. I-(1931) 725.

A shrub about | m high. Leaves 5.0-7.5 cm long, 2-4 cm broad,

ovate or ovate-elliptic, acuminate at apex, gradually cuneate or

sub-rounded at base, slightly glabrescent along the midrib beneath,

4-7 nerved on each side; petiole 2-3 mm long, yellow tomentose.

Panicle terminal 3.0 cm long, 2.5 cm broad, light brown stellate

tomentose; pedicel in lateral flower 5 mm long. Flower bud

turbinate, narrowed abruptly into a 2 mm long, pedicelliform

base, light brown or yellowish, stellate-tomentose, apiculate with

about 2 mm long nipple. Calyx in flower obconical, obscurely

ridged, light yellow tomentose in the superior half within; lobes 6,

5-7 mm long. Petals suborbicular, 12-15 mm long (including

+ 5 mm long claw), + 11 mm broad, undulate in the margin.

Stamens many, subequal. Ovary pilose, surmounted with a long

slender filament.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 313

URAIML1 DEL.

Fig. 47. L. collinsae Craib. (A-F: Collins 190 in E — syntype G:

Smitinand 2,142 in SING).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower. C, Longitudinal section of flower. D,

Anther. E, Petal. F, Hair. G, Capsule.

314 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

46a. Lagerstroemia noei Craib in Kew Bull. (1930) 327 & in FI.

Siam. Enum. I (1931) 725. var. noei — Fig. 48.

A shrub about 1 m high. Leaves green, paler beneath, 2.5—7.5

cm long, 1.5-3.6 cm broad, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, acuminate

or subacuminate at apex, obtuse or sub-rounded at base,

glabrous or slightly stellate puberulous beneath, 4-9 nerved,

petiole 2-3 mm long. Panicle short 3 cm long, brown stellate

tomentose. Flower bud turbinate, 10 mm long, 8-9 mm broad,

obscurely ridged, brown with stellate tomentum, apiculate with

about 2 mm long nipple. Calyx in flower obconical, tube about

8 mm deep, 8 mm broad, slightly ridged at base; lobes 6, erect,

paler tomentose in the superior half within, 5 mm long. Stamens

many, subequal. Ovary tomentose.

THAILAND: Korat, Ban Chum Seng (Noe 246: BM —

holotype).

This appears to represent an early flowering stage of the plant.

Further studies are necessary to see whether this species will

grow and become var. longifolia which has similar flowers.

Sometimes the sepals remain united to give the appearance of

5 as described in the protologue and as seen in the above quoted

type specimen.

46b. Lagerstroemia noei Craib var. longifolia Furtado et Montien

— Fig. 49.

L. noei var noei foliis majoribus fusco brunneis, glabris paniculis

longioribus ramosis, floribus longiore pedicellates haec varietas

sat distincta.

Holotypus: THAILAND: In Provincia Loei ad Wangsaphung

prope flumen Huay Som (Dee 707 = BKF n. 12,388: SING).

Arbor 5-10 m alta. Folia elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, 5-15 cm

longa, 2-4 cm lata, apice acuminate vel subacuminata, obtusa,

basin versus curvato angustata vel subrotundata, imo obtusa,

utrinque 7-11 nervata, primo utrinque glabrescentia dein glabra.

Panicula terminalis, saepe pyramidalis, 7-20 cm longa, ramosa

basin versus saepe breviter foliata axi fusco tomentulosa;

pedunculis circa 0.5—3 cm et pedicellis 0.5—2 cm longis praedita.

Alabastrum, fulvo tomentosum, obscure costatum, circa 10 mm

longum, 7 mm in diam., basin versus cuneatum, apice

rotundato-convexum, summo circa 7 mm mammillatum. Calyx

6 lobatus, lobis intus apicem versus tomentosis. Petala (cum

unguiculo circa 5 mm longo) 12-15 longa, 11 mm lata, margine

undulata. Ovarium subglobosum, tomentosum. Capsula oblonga

circa 17 mm longa, 12 mm in diam. apice tomentosa.

A tree 5-10 m or more tall. Leaves dark brown, paler beneath,

elliptic or ovate elliptic 5-15 cm long, 2-4 cm broad, acuminate

or subacuminate at apex, sub-rounded at base, eventually glabrous

on both sides, 7-11 nerved on each side; petiole 4-7 mm long.

Panicle terminal, often pyramidal, 7-20 cm long, tomentulose

in the axis; peduncles distant once or twice dichotomous, up to

3 cm long, pedicel up to 2 cm long in lateral flowers. Flower bud

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 315

SURAIMI DEL.

Fig. 48. L. noei var. noei (A-B: Noe 246 in BM — holotype).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower.

1.5 mm

JURALML DEL.

Fig. 49. L. noei var. longifolia Furtado et Montien (A-I: Dec 707 = BKF

12,388 in SING holotype J: Smitinand 4,813 in BKF).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud with long nipple at the apex. C-D,

Flower. E, Longitudinal section of flower. F, Lobes to show inside.

G, Petal. H, Anther. I, Hair. J, Capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 317

turbinate 10 mm long, + 7 mm broad, slightly ridged, tulvous

stellate tomentose; nipple + 2 mm long at apex. Calyx in flower

tube 8 mm deep, 8 mm in diam., obconical, slightly 12 ridged:

lobes 6, light brown tomentose in the superior half within.

Petal sub-rounded, 12-15 mm long (including + 5 mm long claw),

+ 11 mm broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens many, subequal.

Ovary subglobose, densely light yellow tomentose. Fruiting calyx

cup-shaped, 8-10 mm long (including + 2-3 mm long base),

+ 12 mm in diam., abruptly narrowed into the base, lobes 6,

recurved. Capsule oblong, about 17 mm long, 12 mm wide,

tomentose at apex.

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai, Doi Sutep (Smitinand

4,184: BKF); Chieng Mai to Chieng Rai (Rock, 1554: A & UC;

1,640: A). Lumpang (Winit 645: BKF). Lumpoon (Luan 6 =

BKF 11,207: BKF). Prae (Pricha 2 = BKF 1,202: BKF);

Ma chwa (Vanpruk 54: BKF). Central: Saraburi (Dee 103 =

BKF 3,705: BKF); Chaibadan at Dong Pya Yen (Kerr 8,028:

BM). North-Eastern: Udon, Nong-Harn (Lakshnakara_ 1,039:

BM). Loei, Wangsaphung (Dee 5 = BKF 8,634: SING, & 707

= BKF 12,388: BKF & KEP — isoholotypes & SING —

holotype; Din 19 = BKF 3,441: BKF); Phu Krading (Thai For.

Dept. n. 344 = BKF 2,495: A & BKF); Pha Nok Kao (BS. 32

= BKF 936: BKF); loc. incert (Dee 918 = BKF 16,149: SING):

Nawng Bua, Kwawnkaen (Smitinand 4,813: SING — type of fruit).

INDOCHINA: Tonkin, Hoa Binh at Cho Bo (Petelot 1.596: A).

Laos: Mekong Bank (Talbot de Malahide 46: BM & SING).

The holotype of L. noei var noei was a shrub whereas L. noei

var. longifolia is a tree 5-10 m long. Possibly the var. longifolia

represents the adult form of var. noei.

47. Lagerstroemia balansae Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. XXIII Beibl.

57 (1897) 35, & in Engl. Plfanzenr. 17 = IV 216 (1903) 263:

Gagnep. in Fl. Indoch. II (1921) 957; Craib, Fl. Enum. Siam.

I (1931) 718 p.p. — Fig. 50a, 50b.

Shrub or tree. Leaves elliptic, acuminate or acute at apex,

narrowed and acute or sometimes nearly abtuse at base, 7-11 cm

long, 2.5-4.5 cm broad, ferruginous tomentose on both sides

when young, later glabrous or glabrescent; nerves 7—10 pairs;

petiole 4-10 mm long. Panicle terminal, thickly ferruginous

tomentose, 8-15 cm long, few branched, longest branchlets about

5 cm long, slightly curved upward; pedicel short + 4 mm long.

Flower bud turbinate, slightly ridged with ferruginous tomentose

with a brush-like nipple at apex. Petals subglobose 15-20 mm

long (including 4-6 mm long claw), 14-17 mm broad, undulate

in the margin. Stamens many, subequal. Ovary _ subglobose,

tomentose. Fruiting calyx cup-shaped 10-15 mm long, 10 mm

in diam., lobes 6, slightly recurved at the top with a short

acuminate apex about 1 mm long. Capsule ovate, 12 mm long,

10 mm in diam., glabrescent, tomentose at apex, 6 valved.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

318

Fig. 50a. L. balansae Koehne (Petelot 5,914 in A).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower. C, Longitudinal section of flower. D,

Lobe shows inside. E, Petal. F, Hair.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 319

* JURALML DEL,

Fig. 50b. L. balansae Koehne (A-B: Liang 66,032 in E; C-F: Lau 27,491

in A; Lau 27,241 in A).

A, Twig with capsules. B, Capsule enlarged. C, Flower. D, Longi-

tudinal section of flower. E, Part of calyx to show inside. F, Petal.

G, Hair. H, Flower bud.

320 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore —.X XIV. (1969)

CHINA: Hainan, Ch’ang-Kiang (Lau 1,210: A & BM); Lok

Tung (Lau 27,241 & 27,491: A); loc. incert. (Wang 33,163,

33,500 & 33,875: A; McClure 8,325: A; Liang 63,927: A &

‘66,032: E); Lai (McClure 709 = L.U. 18,243: A).

INDOCHINA: Sontoy Proy. route to Notre Dame Rocks.

humid plot (Petelot 5,914: A).

THAILAND: Northern: Chiengmai Proy., Me Klang Fall

(Prayad 14: SING). Central: Saraburi Proy., Khao Sawng-Phi-

Nawng (Smitinand & Sleumer 1,359: SING). Eastern: Ubon Prov.,

‘Chiet (Kerr 21,552: BM).

Petelot 5,914 was collected in the Sontoy Province of Tonkin

on the route to the Notre Dame Rocks in a humid spot, the tree

being 4-5 m high. The holotype Balansa 3,865 (seen only in

photocopy) was also collected in the same region.

The nipple of the flower buds varies from 1-2 mm, but this

species is easily separated from L. noei by its thicker, ferrugineous

coloured indumentum on the buds, long petioled and longer and

narrower elliptic, acuminate leaves and smaller, glabrescent

capsules. Generally the ridges of flower buds do not become

visible because of the thick indumentum, whereas in L. noei the

buds have thinner indumentum and so the ridges usually become

slightly conspicuous.

Apparently young vegetative twigs are winged, but the wings

seem to fall off soon.

Gagnepain seems to have referred the fruiting specimens of this

to L. cochinchinensis. But we have not seen two of the syntypes

of this species.

48. Lagerstroemia lecomtei Gagnep. in Nat. Syst. III (1918) 360

& in Fl. Indoch. II (1921) 949 fig. 102 — 1 & 2.

A short tree. Leaves ovate acuminate, rounded or cordate at

base, shortly acuminate-acute at apex, glabrous, concolourous,

7 nerved on each side; 2.5-5.5 cm long, 2-3 cm broad: petiole

glabrous, about 1 mm long. Jnflorescence 5 cm long, few flowered;

branchlets 1-2, about 10-15 mm long, shortly yellowish tomentose,

1-2 flowered. Flower buds globose, about 8 mm in diam.,

5—6 ridged, apiculate, yellow tomentose. Calyx sessile, 5-6 mm

deep, yellow-tomentose, 10-12 sulcate within, with wings

conspicuous, abruptly desinent near the sinus; lobes 5-6,

triangular, tomentose above the middle within. Petals orbicular,

subcordate at base, undulate in the margin. Stamens numerous,

subequal. Ovary tomentose with stellate hairs. Fruit not known.

INDOCHINA: Annam between Phan-rang & Tourcham

(Lecomte et Finet 1,406: P — holotype).

We have not seen any representatives of this species.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia : say 321

49, Lagerstroemia spireana Gagnep. in Nat. Syst. III (1918) 362

et. in Fl. Ind. II (1921) 951 Ic. 102 fig. 4-6; Craib. Fl. Siam.

Enum. I (1931) 726. — Fig. 51.

L. spireana Gagn. var. armata Craib op. cit. (1931) 726

Syn. nov.

Type Specimen: INDOCHINA: Laos, Cam-Keut (Spire 326: P).

A tree. Leaves oblong-elliptic, 4-12 cm long, 4-5 cm broad,

acute or rounded at the apex, slightly cuneate or rounded at the

base, glabrous above, tomentose beneath then glabrous: nerves

5-8 pairs, prominent on both surfaces; petiole 2-4. mm _ long.

Panicle terminal cylindrical, 20-30 cm long with branches about

5 cm long or less. Flower bud, ridged and winged, tomentose

with stellate hairs, alternisepalous ridges with appendiced incurved.

Petals 6, oboval, attenuate at base, wavy margined, 12 mm long

(with a 2.5 mm long claw), 8 mm broad. Stamens placed at the

base of calyx. Fruiting calyx 7-9 mm long (including 2-4 mm

long pedicelliform base), 10-12 mm in diam., broadly undulated

wing from each sinus to the base and also amidst of the lobes but

not reached to the apex, not decurrent into the base, lobes 6,

reflexed. Capsule short oblong, 12-14 mm long, 8-11 mm in diam.,

slightly short brownish hairy; 6 valved.

THAILAND: North-Eastern: Nakawn Panom Prov., Ta Uten

(Kerr 8,466: BM); Tat Panom (Kerr 8,423: E — isoholotype of

var. armata).

Differs from L. siamica by 5-7 nerved leaves, flower bud

being globose and winged, non decurrent at base, wings twice

larger at the top and by its stamens arising at the base of the tube.

We have had only poor specimens of these varieties. According

to Craib’s notes the armata bears stout spines on the trunk and

is an evergreen plant growing by a creek, whereas the type var.

is a deciduous plant.

50. Lagerstroemia anisoptera Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883)

407 & Engl. Pflanzenr. 17 = IV. 216 (1903) 264 fig. 57B;

Gagnep. in FI. Indoch. II (1921). — Fig. 52.

L. floribunda Jack sec. King, Mat, Fl. Mal. Pen. III (1898) 351;

Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. I (1922) 823; Craib, Fl. Siam. Enum. I (1931)

721 omnino pro parte.

A tree + 10 m tall. Leaves oblong or elliptic-oblong, 10-20 cm

long, 4-10 cm broad, obtuse or acute at apex, sub-rounded rarely

acute at base, ferruginous stellate-tomentose on both sides when

young, later glabrescent or glabrous, 6-11 nerved on each side:

petiole 3-5 mm long. Panicle ferruginous stellate tomentose,

terminal, subpyramidal, 10-35 cm long, 8-25 cm_ broad:

branchlets up to 25 cm long; pedicel unequal + 5 mm long

in lateral flower. Plower bud similarly tomentose, 8-11 mm long

(including + 3 mm long pedicelliform base), 6-7 mm in diam.,

turbinate above the base, sub-rounded at the top, brush-like

nipple at apex, usually 12 ridged, alternisepalous ridges longer,

warted at the sinus outside. Petal obovate, gradually cuneate at

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

322

JURAIMI DEL.

spireana Gagnep. (Kerr 8,466 in BM).

A, Twig. B, Twig with capsules. C, Capsule.

Fig. 51 L.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia | 323

Se i ft

Fig. 52. L. anisoptera Koehne (Curtis 2,602 in SING).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower. D, Longitudinal section

of flower. E, Petal. F, Capsule.

324 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

base, + 15 mm long (including 3-4 mm long claw), + 8 mm

broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens many, subequal. Ovary

subglobose, densely tomentose with yellowish hairs. Fruiting calyx

cup-shaped above the abruptly pedicelliform base; lobes recurved.

Capsule short-oblong or slightly narrowed towards the apex,

10-12 mm long, 8-9 mm in diam., glabrescent but densely

ferruginous tomentose at apex, 5-6 valved.

THAILAND: Peninsula: Ranawng Prov., Kao Talu (Vanpruk

813: BKF). Surat Prov., loc. incert. (Sanan 391 = BKF 15,262:

SING & 480 = BKF 18,259: SING; Kerr s.n.: BM). Trang Prov.,

loc. incert. (Smitinand 2,969 = BKF 17,205: SING); Huay Yawt

(Smitinand 4,136: SING); Chong (Burn Murdoch? 3,840: SING).

Pattani Prov., Bukit Besar (Gwynne Vaughan 442: UC).

MALAYSIA: Langkawi, loc. incert. (Curtis 2,602: CAL &

SING); Kuah (Curtis s.n.: SING). Kedah, Gunong Raya (Idris

Kep. 33,175: SING); Bukit Wang (Din 33,009: SING). Penang,

road side (Curtis 1,514: SING).

We have seen neither type nor authentic specimen from

Indochina and so our identification of the species is based

entirely on the description.

The holotype was Lanessan’s collection from Condor island

(Pulau Condor) off the Coast of Cochinchina. It was described

as having both its calyx lobes within and its leaves completely

glabrous. However Gagnepain who examined the holotype in

Paris described the species as having leaves which are tomentose

at first and then glabrous on both surfaces; the calyx lobes are

described as being fugaceously tomentose in the third part within.

It appears therefore Koehne’s had only an old specimen where

the indumentum on the leaves and inside of the calyx lobes

had fallen off to make them “‘very glabrous” (glaberrimi). The

important character on which this species is separated from

L. floribunda is that the calyx bud is unequally costate so that

only 6 out of 12 ridges become visible in the top view.

L. anisoptera differs from L. siamica in that the alternisepalous

ridges (longer ones) are warted at the end, not patently cuspidate.

Gagnepain mentions here a specimen from Chiung-duing in

the Tran Prov. of Cambodia.

51. Lagerstroemia siamica Gagnep. in Not. Syst. III (1918) 361

& Fl. Indoch. II (1921) 950 fig. 102-3; Craib. Fl. Siam. Enum.

I (1931) 726. — Fig. 53.

L. cuspidata (Clarke) Craib, Fl. Enum. Siam. I (1931) 721:

Syn. nov.

L. floribunda Jack sec. Griff., Posth. Pap. IV (1854) 509;

Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. ITV (1883) 34 & in Engl., Pflanzenr.

17 = IV. 216 (1903) 266 fig. 55U & fig. 57D; King, Mat. Fl. Mal.

Pen. III (1898) 351 p.p.; Ridl., Fl. Mal. Pen. I (1922) 823 p.p.;

Craib, Fl, Siam. Enum, I (1931) 721 p.p.

L. floribunda Jack var. cuspidata Clarke in Fl. Brit. Ind. I

(1879) 577: syn. nov.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia | 325

JURAIMI DEL. } | 0O-3mm

Fig. 53. L. siamica Gagnep. (Thaew 3,899 in BKF).

A, Fertile twig. B, Flower bud. C, Flower. D, Longitudinal section

of flower. E, Anther. F, Hair. G, Petal.

326 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

A tree + 12 m high. Leaves elliptic-oblong or oblong, 9-23 cm

long, 4-10 cm broad, acute or obtuse at apex, sub-rounded or

acute at base, yellow or ferruginous stellate tomentose on both

sides when young, later glabrous or glabrescent, 7-12 nerved

on each side; petiole 3-6 mm long. Panicle terminal, subpyramidal

20-50 cm long, yellow or ferruginous stellate tomentose all over,

branchlets usually curved; pedicel unequal + 3 mm long in

lateral flower. Flower bud similarly tomentose, 8-10 mm long

(including pedicelliform base), 6 mm in diam., turbinate, abruptly

narrowed into + 3 mm long base, with 12-14 acute ridges,

equilong, episepalous broader, epipetalous acuter and patently

cuspidate at the sinus; brush-like nippled. Calyx in flower

campanulate with 3 mm long base, bearing a patent cusp at

each sinus; lobes usually 6, slightly recurved. Petal subglobose,

+ 12 mm long (including + 2 mm long claw), + 9 mm broad,

undulate in the margin. Stamens many, subequal. Ovary short

oblong, densely yellow tomentose. Fruiting calyx cup-shaped

above the pedicelliform base; epipetalous ridges much more

prominent; lobes recurved. Capsule oblong + 15 mm long,

10 mm in diam., glabrescent but densely tomentose at apex,

usually 6 valved.

BURMA: South: Tavoy District (Keenan, Aung & Rule,

1,046, 1,283, 1,321, 1,348 & 1,404: E; Parker 2,173: A); Karen

(Brandis 1,368: CAL); Mergui (Griffith 105: E); loc. incert.

(Griffith K 2,235: GH; Kurz s.n.: CAL; Blinkworth 21: BM;

Leg.? s.n.: BM).

THAILAND: South-Eastern: Kanburi Prov., Sai Yok

(Kostermans 1,036 & 1,150: A; Larsen 8,706: A: BKF; E &

SING); Ban Kar (Larsen 8,156: BKF). Prachuabkirikhan Provy.,

Bangtaphan (Keith 363: SING); loc. incert. (Thaew 53 = BKF

3,899: BKF); Hua Hin (Kerr 13,468: E). Chumphon Prov.,

Ban La Ngan (Kerr 11,448: BM). Peninsular: Ranawng Prov.,

La-un (Kerr 16,462: BM). Surattani Proy. loc. incert. (Sanan

470 = BKF 14,935:°SING); Ban Kawp Kep (Kerr 13,188: E).

Trang Prov., loc. incert. (Put 250 = BKF 1,203: SING). Songkla

Prov., Natawi (Kerr 15.818: BM & E); loc. incert. (Van Nooten

18: A).

MALAYSIA: Kedah, Bukit Tanjong Terai (Ishak 7,654: KEP).

CULTIVATED: Formosa (Leg. ? s.n.: A). Thailand, Bangkok,

canal bank (Marcan 2,136: BM); loc. incert. (Kerr 11,026:

BM & E£). Australia, Brishbane, Kangaroo Point (Trapnell s.n.: A).

There is a great deal of variation in this species so that it is

extremely difficult to separate neatly the form on the characters

of calyx ridges, leaves and twigs. Some forms which have very

prominent cusps to the ridges, have broad, almost cordulate

leaves, while others have narrower leaves rounded or somewhat

cuneate at base. Some specimens named by Craib as L. cuspidata

cannot be separated from those he has named as L. siamica.

Also their separation on any of these characters give a mixed

distribution.

Griffith K. No. 2,235 in GH is probably a duplicate of

Griffith 105 in E, on which Griffith (1854) had apparently based

is description of L. floribunda.

52. Lagerstroemia langkawiensis Furtado et Montien sp. nov. —

Fig. 54.

A L. floribunda sensu lato cui affinissima, calycibus

majoribus, costis subaequalibus, eis apice alternisepalis patenter

appendiculatis, alteris ad sepalis basin evanescentibus, fructibus

majoribus, foliis ovato-lanceolatis saepe obliquis, costis nervisque

subtus rubescente brunneis haec species facile distinguenda.

Arbuscula ut videtur. Folia utrinque glabra, ovate lanceolata,

basi saepe oblique rotundata, obscure cordulata vel infima

~ ibreviter angustata, apicem sensim angustata, margine sinuata,

summo acuta vel obtusa, 6-18 cm long, 2.5-6 cm lata, nervis

utrinsecus 7-11, ascuatis, subtus rubescentibus; petiolus 3-5 mm

longus, glaber. Jnfructescentia terminalis, subpyramidalis vel

cylindrica, ramulis primo brunneo tomentosa, dein glabrescens;

flores ignotae. Calyx fructiferus, 12-16 costatus, brunneo

tomentosus, campanulatus 15 mm latus, circa 10 mm altus,

‘costis alternisepalis apice patenter cuspidatis, alteris ad sepalis

basin evanescentibus; sepala 3-4 mm longa, reflexiuscula vel

patentia. Capsula glabrescentis, apice tomentosa, 20-25 mm longa,

oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, cum segmentis 6 divisi. Pedicellus

2-5 mm longus, tomentosus.

A treelet. Leaves lanceolate or oblong, 6-18 cm long, 2.5—6.0

cm broad, acute at the apex, sub-rounded or obtuse at base,

glabrous on both surfaces, 7-11 nerved on each side; petiole

3-5 mm long. Panicle terminal, subpyramidal, flower not seen.

Fruiting calyx ferruginous stellate tomentose, campanulate,

10-15 mm long (including 4-5 mm long pedicelliform base), 11-14

mm in diam.; 12-16 acute ridged, not decurrent into the base;

6-8 lobes with cusps often persistent at each sinus. Capsule

glabrescent, elliptic-oblong, 20-25 mm long, 10-13 mm in diam.,

usually brown stellate tomentose at apex; 6 valved, each valve

sometimes bearing at its apex a vestige of the style.

MALAYA: Langkawi, Pulau Timun (Henderson 29,119: SING

— holotypus); Batu Ayam (Corner s.n.: SING — sterile); loc.

incert. (Dolman 21,468: SING & KEP).

In the type specimen which is taken from a plant growing in

quartzite and shale beach the leaves and the fruits are larger,

while Corner’s sterile specimen has smaller leaves. Apparently

Dolman’s collection is also from a limestone hill; it has smaller

leaves and fruits.

This is the closest species to L. siamica. This species differ

from L. siamica in having larger capsules and fruiting calyces,

with more conspicuous cusps at the sinus, and ovate-lanceolate

leaves. L. floribunda has also smaller capsules and calyces.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

328

JURAIM1 DEL.

Fig. 54. L. langkawiensis Furtado et Montien (Henderson 29,119 in SING

— holotype).

A, Twig with capsules. B, Capsule. C, Hair.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 329

53. Lagerstroemia floribundia Jack, Malay. Misc. I (1820-22) 38:

DC., Prodr. III (1828) 93; Jack in Hk., Bot. Misc. II (1831)

82 (reprinted); Bl, Mus. Ludg. Bat. II (1852) 126 quoad

partem typicam; Clarke in Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind. II (1879)

577 p.p.; Koehne in Engl. Jahrb. IV (1883) 34, in Engl. &

Prantl. Ill. 7 (1891) 14 & Engl., Pflanzenr. Heft. 17 = IV.

216 (1903) 266 pro parte typica; King in Mat. Fl. Mal. Pen.

(1898) 345 p.p.; Gagnep. in Fl. Gen. Indoch. IT (1921) 953 p.p.;

Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. I (1922) 823 p.p. Craib, Flor. Siam.

Enum. I (1931) 721 p.p.

L. turbinata Koehne in op. cit. [IV (1883) 34, and in Engl.

& Prantl, Pflanzenf. Ill, 7 (1891) 14 fig. 5-v, et Engl. Pfianzenr-

17 = IV. 216 (1903) 266 figs. 55-v & 57-c.

53a. Lagerstroemia floribunda var. floribunda — Fig. 55, 56D.

A tree + 10 m high. Leaves 6-23 cm long, 3-10 cm broad,

oblong or elliptic-oblong, rarely ovate or sub-rounded at base.

obtuse, rarely acute at apex, when young stellate pubescent above

and along the nerves beneath, later glabrescent or glabrous,

6-12 nerved on each side; petiole 3-7 mm long. Panicle large

20-40 cm long, cylindrical on each branchlet, short and

deciduously tomentose with ferruginous, stellate hairs: pedicel

unequal + 3 mm long. Flower bud similarly tomentose, 9-10

mm long, 6-7 mm in diam., turbinate, abruptly narrowed in

the 2-3 mm long base, 10-12 ridged, up to the sinus, 6 sutured

above, nippled. Calyx in flower campanulate with 3-4 mm long

pedicelliform base; lobes 6, ferruginous stellate tomentose in the

superior half within. Petal oblong with gradually cuneate to the

base, 10-16 mm long (including + 3 mm long claw), 7-12 mm

broad, undulate in the margin. Stamens many, subequal. Ovary

subglobose with densely ferruginous tomentose. Fruiting calyx

cup-shaped above the abrupt pedicelliform base; lobes patent or

recurved. Capsule elliptic-oblong, 12-16 mm long, 7-11 mm in

diam., sparsely tomentose all over, but densely at the top, usually

6 valved.

THAILAND: Northern: Prae Prov. (Tawngbai sn. = BKF

1,205: BKF). Sukothai Prov. (Silp sn. = BKF 1,209: BKF).

Kumpeng Pet Proy., Meh Ping River (Kerr 2,034: BM). Central:

Chinat Prov. (Put 2.643: BM). Saraburi Prov. (Rananand 8 =

BKF 10,719: BKF). South-Eastern: Cholburi Prov., Sriracha

(Collins 23: BM & E). Chanburi Prov. (B.S. 182 = BKF 9.648:

SING & 461 = BKF 12,210: SING): Chantaboon (Vesterdal

10-L: SING). Peninsular: Surat Prov. (Luaangsamarn 21 =

BKF 1,201: SING). Ranaung Prov., Kao Talu (Kerr 11.784:

BM). Songkla Proyv., Hat Yai (Kingdon Ward 37.501: SING).

Yala Prov. (Leg. ? 1,210: BKF & Thieb 25 = BKF 1.209: BKF).

Pattani Prov. Banang Sta (Kerr 7.315: E).

330 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

“5mm

JURALMI1 DEL.

Fig. 55. L. floribunda var. floribunda Jack (A-C: Hooker 5,112 in GH;

D-I: Collins 23 in BM).

A, Twig with capsules. B, Capsule. C, Hair. D, Flower bud. E,

Flower. F, Longitudinal section of flower. G, Lobe to show inside.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 33E.

MALAYSIA: Kedah, Alor Star (Allen s.n.: SING & Corner

31,518: SING); Kuala Muda (Hanafi 91,704: KEP, PNH &

SING); Kuala Getil (Meh 10,185: E); Perlis (Saad 89,407: KEP’

& Ku-Ibrahim 89,405 & 89,406: KEP & Henderson 22,855:

SING). Penang (Wallich 2,115A: BM), base of Penang Hill

(King s.n.: SING — neotopotype). Malacca (Maingay Kew

n. \OS3/2:, Sar):

CULTIVATED: Thailand, Bangkok, Temple (Marcan 294:

BM); Wat Nong Kut (Smitinand 3,442: BKF). Borneo, Sabah,

Jesselton (Mikil 41,940: SAN & SING). Singapore, Hort. Bot.

(Kiah s.n.: SING). East Indies, loc. incert. (Hooker 5,112: GH).

Indonesia, Java, Cult. in Hort. Bogor. (Sutrisno 107: SING &.

Van Nooter s.n.: SING); West Java, Bodjong Gedeh (Nedi et.

Idjan 450: SING).

Though no type specimen has been traced of this species,

from Jack’s description one has to agree with Gagnepain,

Ridley and Craib as to its typification. Jack described the calyx

being “‘turbinate, regularly marked with many deep longitudinal

furrows or ribs’; also he stated that “before expansion, the

calyx is obconical and nearly flat at top’, or again that “the

flower buds flat and even depressed at top.”

Koehne’s L. floribunda is the form that was described by Clarke

as var. cuspidata, where the calyx ridges are irregular, the

alternisepalous ones being cuspidate, and the flower buds cannot

be said to be flat at the top. It is referred here to L. siamica.

Jack’s type was from Penang which is apparently lost. Hence

King’s collection from Penang may be regarded as neotopotype.

53b. Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack var. brevifolia Craib, FI.

Siam. Enum. I (1931) 722. — Fig. 56A.

L. floribunda Jack v. floribunda sec. Gagnep. in FI. Ind. II

(1921) 955 pp; Craib op. cit. p. 721 pp.

L. turbinata Koehne sec. Hosseus in Bot. Centrabl. Beih.

XXVII, 2 (1910) 475 & XXVIII, 2 (1911) 416 pp; Craib in

Kew Bull. (1911) 54.

This var. differs from var. floribunda in having smaller flower

buds with golden or pale yellow tomentum, more acute and

uniform ridges, the alternisepalous ones being slightly more

prominent at the sinus, a prominence noticed also in fruits. The

fruit is slightly smaller (12-14 mm long, 8-10 mm broad).

CHINA: Loc. incert. (cult.?) (Macartney s.n.: BM).

INDOCHINA: Cochinchina, Baria (Pierre 1,819: A, PNH &

SING); Tintinh (Pierre 1,819: A); Bien-hao (Thorel 173 =

1,819: GH). Cambodia, Prov. Pen-Lover (Pierre 1,819: A).

THAILAND: Northern: Prae Prov., East Mae-Yom (Thai

For. Dept. no. 2,507: A). Eastern: Srisaket Prov., Kantralak

(Prayed 191 & 273: SING); Sisaket by the Menam (= river),

(Hosseus 4: BM & E). Central: Nakawn Nayok Prov. (Smitinand

7,796: BKF). loc. incert. (Haase s.n.: BM).

332 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

JURAILMI DEL.

Fig. 56. A, L. floribunda var. brevifolia (A-A2: Hosseus 4: BM).

A. Flower bud. A!, Flower to show distinctly ridges. A2, Capsule.

B, L. floribunda var. sublaevis (B-B!: Vanapruk 958 in BKF; B2:

Kerr 9,166 in E — isoholotype).

B, Flower bud. B!, Flower obscurely ridged. B2, Capsule.

C, L. floribunda var. subecostata (C: Kerr 13,618 in BM — holotype).

C, Capsule with faint ridges in calyx.

D, L. floribunda var floribunda (D-D2: Tawngbi 1,205 in BKF).

D, Flower bud. D1, Flower bud subequally ridged D2, Capsule.

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 333

CULTIVATED: West Pakistan, Lahore, Govt. Gardens,

(Parker s.n.: A). Thailand, Bangkok (Marcan 2,134: BM —

isoparatype). Indochina, Tonkin, Hanoi, Bot. Gardens (McClure

s.n.: A). Philippines, Rizal City (Quisumbing 2,108: SING).

Thorel’s specimen was numbered 173 which has been crossed

and made to 1,819 which is given also to Pierre’s collection.

Pierre’s 1,819 is given to three different collections, one from

Baria and one from Tintinh near Sang — both in South

Cochinchina, and the third from Province of Pen-Lover in

Cambodia.

The leaves are sometimes short, the sole character given by

the author to distinguish this variety, but larger-leafed specimens

are also found; the latter specimens were cited by Craib under

var. floribunda.

53c. Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack var. sublaevis Craib FI. Siam.

Enum. I (1931) 722. — Fig. 56B.

This variety differs from var. floribunda in having dirty

ferrugineous tomentum in flower buds which are also obscurely

ridged, the ridges remaining also obscure in fruit.

The lobes of the fruiting calyx are longer, reaching nearly to

the base of the cup. Capsule is oblong, almost truncate above.

THAILAND: South-Eastern: Trat Prov., Koh Chang, Tung-

Klong-Makok (Smitinand 2,235: BKF), loc. incert. (Vanpruk

958: BKF — isoparatype); Klawng Nonsi (Kerr 9,166: E —

isoholotype).

From plant geographical reasons Craib thinks that Schmidt

628? listed under L. floribunda Jack in Schmidt, Fl. Koh Chang

VI p. 243 in this variety. The holotype and one paratype were

collected in Koh (= Kau) Chang, while the third paratype was

from a cultivated plant in Bangkok.

53d. Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack var. subecostata Craib, FI.

Siam. Enum. I (1931) 722. — Fig. 56C.

This variety has the longest capsules among the varieties of

L. floribunda and though one may describe the capsules as

oblong, they are much more curved at the tip so that they are

not truncate at the top. The ridges in fruiting calyx are more

prominent than those in var. sublaevis but much less than in

the other two varieties. The cup of the fruiting calyx is deeper

than in all the other varieties, while its lobes are short, about

4+ to 4 as long as the cup.

THAILAND: Padang Besar (Kerr 13,618: BM — holotype).

The collector notes that the tree is about 20 m high and

‘quite common in the evergreen forest.

The tomentum in the fruiting calyx is light brown, and capsules

in the specimen are also tomentose.

334 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the Directors and Curators of the following institutions.

for the loan of herbarium specimens and/or photocopies of

specimens:

1. Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University, Cambridge 38,

Massachusetts, U.S.A. (A).

2. Botanischer Garten und Museum, Berlin-Dahlem,

Germany. (B).

3. Botanical Survey of India, Western Circle, Poona 1.,.

India. (BIP).

4. Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department, Bangkok,

Thailand. (BKF).

5. British Museum of Natural History, London, S.W.7,

England. (BM).

Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta, India. (CAL).

Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research

Organisation, Canberra, Australia. (CANB). —

Photocopies.

8. Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland. (E).

9. Herbarium of the University of Florence, Firenze, Italy.

; (FI). — Photocopies.

10. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge 38,

Mass., U.S.A. (GH). .

11. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. (K).

12. Forest Research Institute, Kepong, Malaya. (KEP).

13. Department of Forests, Papua and New Guinea (LAB).

14. National Museum and Herbarium, Manila, Philippines.

(PNH).

15. Forest Department, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia. (SAN).

16. University of Tokyo, Botany Department, Tokyo, Japan.

(TI). — Photocopies.

18. Herbarium of the University of California, Berkeley 4,

California, U.S.A. (UC).

We also acknowledge the help of Dr. R. C. Bakhuizen van der

Brink of the Rijksherbarium, Leiden, for supplying a photocopy

of the protolog of Munchausia speciosa L; of Mme M. F.

Capitaine of the Laboratoire de Phanerogamie, Paris, for

photographs, drawings and notes of the holotypes of some species

preserved there; and of Che Juraimi bin Samsuri, Artist, Botanic

Gardens, Singapore, for preparing the drawings published in this

work.

The second author wishes to record his gratitude to the

Government of Singapore for the grant of Colombo Plan

Fellowship, and to Mr. H. M. Burkill, Director, and Dr. Chew

Wee Lek, Keeper of the Herbarium, for putting at his disposal

the facilities of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore. He also

acknowledges a special debt of gratitude to Dr. C. X. Furtado

for general guidance and assistance in making translations from

Latin, French, German and Spanish and_ subsequently in

collaboration.

a oD

Furtado — Lagerstroemia 335

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Some new desmid taxa from Malaya and Singapore

G. A. PROWSE

Tropical Fish Culture Research Institute,

Malacca, Malaysia

The Malay Peninsula and Singapore have generally acid waters

and because of this the aquatic flora is rich in desmids. From

the material now being studied I estimate that there are at least

200 taxa, some of which are undoubtedly new. A number differ

in detail from forms already described and therefore need more

critical study. The nine taxa being described here are however so

distinctive that I feel it worthwhile publishing them in advance of

a general paper.

All the specimens were examined under an Ortholux microscope,

and the drawings, my own including the inking, were made with

a camera lucida on the same microscope, corrected where necessary

by direct observation. Thus any defects in the drawings are my

own responsibility. The photographs were taken through the

same microscope using the Orthomat automatic camera, and

I am grateful to Mr. Mathew Chow Tian Pow of this Institute

for developing and printing the film for me.

Pleurotaenium burmense (Josh) Krieg var. elegans, var. nov.

Varietas a planta typica differens multo brevior, tenuior, 7

undulationes aequabiles in quaque semicellula habens; poli plus

minusve recti, a undulationes aeque lati vel paululum angustiores,

circulo dentium 6 vel 7 acutissimorum praediti. Cellulae 260-280 u

long., undulationes 23-24 p» lat., depressiones et isthmus 17 p lat.,

ad polos 22-24 uw lat.

This variety differs from the species in being much shorter and

narrower, with 7 uniform undulations on each semicell. The

poles are more or less straight, equal to or only slightly narrower

than the width of the undulations, and are surrounded by 6-7

sharp teeth. Cells 260-280, long, undulations 23-24, wide,

depressions and isthmus 17 wide and the poles 22-24, wide.

Malacca river (2 specimens only), Tasek Bera (Negri Sembilan).

Fig. 1 (a), Pl. 1.

This beautiful variety first appeared in a plankton net haul

taken in 1956 when the Malacca river was in flood. Only two

specimens were seen in this sample, identical in measurements,

and one was immediately drawn using the camera lucida. The

variety did not recur until 1967, this time in samples from Tasek

Bera, a forest swamp lake 50 miles distant from the Malacca.

A number of specimens have been examined, although they are

not common, and there appears to be no difference in size and

100)| “

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(b) Pleurotaenium spit. nov.

Fig. 1. (a) Pleurotaenium burn) Krieg. var. elegans var. nov.

(d) Micrasterias alata

Nida fa, nov.

(e) Micrasterias americ) Ralfs var, macrodon var. Nov.

340 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

proportions from the Malacca specimens. The figure and plate are

from the Tasek Bera material. Scott & Prescott (1958) have

described a variety from Arnhem Land, but this present variety

differs in the extreme uniformity of the undulations, and the fact

that the poles are more or less straight and hardly narrower than

the undulations.

Pleurotaenium spinosissimum, sp. nov.

Cellula spinosissima, in quaque semicellula 9 undulationes

aequalibes habens ad polos parum angustiores, rotundati. Spinae

4-5 w longae, seriales, ad undulationes juxta isthmum 6-seriebus,

ad polos 3-seriebus, ad undulationes sub-polis 4-seriebus, et ad

ceteros undulationes 5-seriebus. Cellula 286 » long., undulationes

26 w lat., depressiones et isthmus 22» lat., ad polos 24» Jat.

Cell very spiny, with 9 uniform undulations on each semi-cell,

the poles slightly narrower, rounded. Spines 4—5 » long, arranged

in rows on the undulations, 6 rows next to the isthmus, 3 rows

at the poles, 4 on the sub-polar undulations and 5 on all the others.

Cell 286 » long, undulations 26 » wide, depressions and isthmus

22 and poles 24 wide. Malacca river (only 1 specimen).

Fig. 1 (5).

.Only one specimen was found in a net haul taken during the

flooding of the Malacca river in 1956, but it was so distinctive

that it was immediately drawn with the aid of the camera lucida.

Unfortunately no photographic equipment was available, so this

description is based on notes taken at the time and on the drawing.

Normally I would not erect a species on the basis of a single

specimen, but it was so strikingly different from other species

described that I feel justified in giving it specific status. Other

species which occurred as 1 or 2 specimens in the same sample

have since turned up again, particularly in the forest swamp lake

Tasek Bera, so it is possible that this species will recur. The

only previously described species with which Pleurotaenium

spinosissimum can be compared is Pleurotaenum spinulosum first

described by Wolle in 1884 and redescribed by Brunel (1949)

as P. spinulosum (Wolle) Brunel together with its variety

madagascariense Brunel. Both differ markedly from this species

in having fewer and less uniform undulations, and the spines

finer and much more irregularly arranged. The regular rows

of prominent spines is very characteristic of Pleurotaenium

spinosissimum, as are the uniform undulations, and it is therefore

worthy of specific rank.

Triploceras splendens, sp. nov.

Species crassa, in quaque semicellula 6-7 undulationes habens,

spinas longos prominentes verticillatim ferens, spinae juxta

isthmum paulo breviora. Poli 3-partibus procurrentibus divisi,

unusquisque ferens unam spinam terminalem longam extrorsus

curvam et 4 spinas breviores binatim dispositas sursum curvas.

Cellulae 250-300 » long., undulationes sine spinis 30-50 wp lat..

cum spinis 50-90 » lat., depressiones et isthmus 25-30 yu lat.

Prowse — Desmids 341

A stout species, with 8 undulations on each semicell and bearing

whorls of long prominent spines, those next to the isthmus being

shorter. Each pole divided into three projecting parts, each of

which bears a long terminal spine curving outwards, and four

shorter spines arranged in pairs and curving unwards. Length

250-300 » long, undulations without spines 30-50 » wide, with

spines 50-90 », depressions and isthmus 25-30 p.

Tasek Bera Fig, 1 (c) Pl. 2.

This magnificent species has occurred only in the forest swamp

lake Tasek Bera and nowhere else. It is much stouter than other

species, and is clearly a member of the genus Triploceras by

virtue of the division into three parts at the poles. Borge (1897)

has described from Australia a plant which he called Docidium

australianum, later transferred by Krieger (1937) to the genus

Triploceras. Scott & Prescott (1958) rightly point out that it has

rounded poles and have renamed it Pleurotaenium australianum.

This species has occurred together with Triploceras splendens

in the same samples and there is no possibility of confusing

them. The species described here is clearly a Triploceras while

the other species is clearly a Pleurotaenium.

Micrasterias alata Wall fa. tumida, fa. nov. |

Forma a planta typica differens lobis subterminalibus tumescen-

tibus juxta lobum terminalem. 200-212 long., 175-185 w lat.,

isthmus 25-30 p lat.

This form differs from the species by a bulge at the base of

the subterminal lobes next to the terminal lobe. 200-212 » long,

175-185 » wide, isthmus 25-30» wide.

Tasek Bera. Fig. 1 (d) Pl. 3.

Although this form occurred together with the typical species

in the same samples it was much commoner and there were no

intermediate forms. I therefore feel justified in separating it off

as a definite form.

Micrasterias foliacea Bail. var spinosa, var. nov.

Varietas formis ceteris differens isthmo multo apertiore, spatia

inter lobos subterminales et lobos terminales latius hians. Juxta

isthmum et ad basim lobi terminali utrinqgue dentes acutissimos

prominentes binatim ferens, dentes ad extremitates loborum

acutissimi. Cellulae 72-75 » long., 68-70, lat., isthmus 8 » lat.

This variety differs from all other forms in the wide open

isthmus and the wide gap between the subterminal and terminal

lobes. Pairs of prominent sharp teeth are borne on either side

of the isthmus and on both sides of the base of the subterminal

lobe, with sharp teeth at the ends of the lobes. 72-75 » long,

68-70 » wide, isthmus 8 » wide.

Tasek Bera Fig. 2 (a) Pl. 4.

This variety is unmistakeable, particularly for the wide isthmus,

large gap between the terminal and subterminal lobes, and

prominent teeth which are so thickened and often brown as to

Fig. 2. (a) Micrasterias foll®t. spinosa var. nov.

(b, c) Xanthidium MV. var. centricornis var. Nov.

(d, e, f) Streptoner laris sp. nov.

(g, h) Phymatodoci4 Wolle var. triangularis var. nov.

344 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

give the whole plant a spiny appearance. There are a number

of varieties of Micrasterias foliacea which have been described,

but none have such an open appearance or such prominent teeth.

The variety has so far occurred nowhere else in Malaya, but

appears to be common in Tasek Bera.

Micrasterias americana (Ehrbg.) Ralfs var. macrodon, var. nov.

Varietas a planta typica et formis ceteris differens, ad aperturas

isthmi, et juxta aperturas inter medi-lobos et lobos subterminales

dentes curvos manifestos ferens, similiter ad extremitates loborum

terminalium. Ad isthmum ferens duo paria tumorum super-

positorum unusquisque in dentem terminans. 115 long., 108 »

lat., isthmus 21 p lat.

This variety differs from the species and all other forms in

bearing a row of prominent curved teeth either side of the

isthmal and midlobar openings and along the end of the terminal

lobe. At the isthmus are two pairs of over-lapping swellings,

each ending in a tooth or spine. 115 » long, 108 » wide, isthmus

21 p

Malacca river (only two specimens.)

Fig. 1 (e).

‘ Only two specimens were found in a net haul taken after

floods in the Malacca river in 1956, and one of these was

immediately drawn with the aid of the camera lucida and

measured. With no photographic equipment available at the time

it was not possible to photograph the specimens, and _ this

description is taken from notes and the drawing. Although forms

of Micrasterias mahabuleshwarensis Hobs. are quite common in

Malaya this form is clearly quite different in shape and proportions,

and comes close to Micrasterias americana. Accordingly I have

placed it under the latter species, and since it has features

distinct from any previously described form I feel justified in

separating it off as’ a new variety. It is hoped that like other

desmid forms found in the same sample it may eventually recur.

Xanthidium superbum Elfv. var. centricornis, var. nov.

Varietas a planta typica differens spinas longas plus numerosas

(utringue 8 paria) ferens, ad isthmum duo tumores oppositos

habens, uterque duo, raro 3-4, spinas longos ferens. In quaque

semicellula aream centralam inspissatam habens irregulatim

ochraceam maculatam. Cellulae sine spinis 85-100» long., cum

spinis 125-140 p» long., sine spinis 55—60 p lat., cum spinis 85—90 u

lat., isthmus 10 » lat., tumor centralis sine spinis 10» lat., spinae

10 » long.

This variety differs from the species in having more numerous

long spines (8 pairs on each side), and bearing at the isthmus

two opposite swellings each bearing a pair, rarely three or four,

prominent spines. The central area of each semicell is thickened

with irregular yellowish-red areas. Cells without spines 85-100 »

long, with spines 125-140 » long, without spines 55-60» wide,

with spines 85-90 » wide, isthmus 10, wide, central swellings

without spines 10 wide, spines 10 long.

Prowse — Desmids swe 345

Tasek Bera. Fig. 2 (b) (c) Pl. 5.

This particular variety of Xanthium superbum was fairly

common in the Tasek Bera, but the type species has not yet been

seen in Malaya.

Phymatodocis nordstedtiana Wolle var. triangularis, var. nov.

Varietas a planta typica differens a vertice visa triangularis,

paries cellulae et vagina mucilagina ferruginei. Cellulae 40 » long.,

35 uw lat., isthmus 18 » lat.

This variety differs from the species in the triangular end view,

and the rusty iron coloured cell wall and mucilage sheath. 40 »

long, 35 wide, isthmus 18, wide.

Singapore, Sungai Besi Selangor, Malacca. Fig. 2 (g) (h). Pl. 6.

When this was first discovered in the mass in a shallow stream

in Singapore, it looked much more like some rusty coloured

blue-green algae, and only the microscope revealed its desmid

nature. The normal form of Phymatodocis nordstedtiana also.

occurs in Malaya, but it is never impregnated with iron to give

the rusty colour, and it has never occurred in the same water

or even the same vicinity as the triangular form. I feel justified

in describing the new plant as a definite variety and not as a

mere form.

Streptonema quadrangularis, sp. nov.

Species a Streptonema trilobatum differens a_ vertice visa

semper quadrangularis, processus mucilagini intercalares longiores,

aperturae isthmi latiores. Brachia semicellularum leviter a se ex

adverso flexae. Cellulae 28-30 » long., 60m lat., isthmus 17 Ilat.,

aperturae isthmi 10-12 p» lat., processus intercalares 10-12 » long.

This species differs from Streptonema trilobatum in the end

view always being quadrangular, in the longer intercalary mucilage

processes, and the wider isthmal openings. Arms of semicells

lightly curved in opposite directions. Cells 28-30 long, 60 u

wide, isthmus 17 ». wide, isthmal opening 10-12 » wide, intercalary

processes 10-12 » long.

Malacca, Negri Sembilan, Singapore, Johore. Fig. 2 (d) (e) (f). Pl. 7.

Streptonema trilobatum occurs in Java, in Sumatra and Northern

Australia, but has not been seen at all in Malaya and Singapore.

On the other hand Streptonema quadrangularis is the only form

which occurs here and does not appear to extend into Indonesia

and Australia. Although taxomic status might be debatable,

because of the restricted range and the distinguishing

morphological characters I would prefer to regard it as a new

species.

346 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969 )

Bibliography

‘Brunel J. 1949 The rediscovery of the desmid Pleurotaen-

ium spinulosum with description of a new

variety from Madagascar.

Inst. Bot. Univ. Montreal 64 : 3-19.

renée-Marie I. C. 1952 Contribution a la connaissance des Desmi-

diées de la region du Lac-St. Jean.

Hydrobiologia 4 : 1-208.

Krieger W. 1932 Die Desmidiaceen der deutschen limnolo-

gischen Sunda — Expedition.

Arch, Hydrobiol. Suppl. 11 : 129-130.

Krieger W. 1935-7-9 Die Desmidiaceen Europas mit Berucksichti-

gung der ausser-europaischen Arten.

In L. Rabenhorst Kryptogamenfiora von

Deutschland, Osterreich und der Schweiz.

Bd 13.

‘Scott A. M. and 1958 Some freshwater algae from Arnhem Land

G. R. Prescott in the Northern Territory of Australia.

Rec. Amer.-Austral. Exped. Arnhem Land

3 : 9-136.

Scott A. M. and 1961 Indonesian desmids

G. R. Prescott Hydrobiologia 17 : 1-132 Pl. 1-63.

Also consulted was the comprehensive collection of illustrations

of algae gathered by the late F. E. Fritsch and housed in the

Freshwater Biological Association, Windermere but here available

as I.D.C. microfiche 1—1133. |

Numerous other published works on desmids were consulted,

but as these proved to have no immediate relevance to the taxa

described here they are not cited.

Acknowledgements

I wish to thank all those who have helped in collecting

material — Dr. J. Richardson, George Tay Seng Hock and

Lim Teck Jin. My thanks are also due to Mathew Chow Tian Pow

for developing and printing the photographs, and to Mr. Hong

Por Kang for numbering and lettering the drawings and plates.

To Mr. Humfrey Ball I am grateful for his checking my Latin

diagnoses. Finally to the Director of the Botanic Gardens,

Singapore, I express my gratitude for permission to publish this

paper in the Gardens’ Bulletin.

Plate 1. Pleurotaenium burmense (Josh). Krieg. var. elegans var. nov. x 800.

Plate 2. Triploceras splendens sp. nov. x 340.

Plate 3. Micrasterias alata Wall. fa. tumida fa. nov. x 420.

Plate 4. Micrasterias foliacea Bail. var. spinosa var. nov. x 400.

Plate 5. Xanthidium superbum Elfv. var. centricornis var. nov. x 850.

Plate 6. Phymatodocis

nordstedtiana Wolle var. triangularis var. nov. x 500.

Plate 7. Streptonema quadrangularis sp. nov. x 450.

Notes on the flowers of Orchidantha longiflora

(Lowiaceae)

HSUAN KENG

Department of Botany, University of Singapore

The monogeneric family Lowiaceae (or according to some:

authors, the subfamily Lowioideae of the Musaceae, e.g. Winkler

1930) is represented by the genus Orchidantha N. E. Brown.

‘It comprises of only three* species: one, O. borneensis N. E.

Brown from Borneo; two, O. longiflora (Scort.) Ridl. and O.

maxillarioides (Hook. f.) K. Schum., from the Malay Peninsula.

This distribution pattern can be best interpreted as one of the

botanical evidences to illustrate that Borneo was once directly

connected with the East coast of Malaya during the later Tertiary

period (cf. Merrill 1923, Ridley 1937). ees:

Following the description of Orchidantha longiflora, Ridley

(1924) noted: ‘(This species is) common in forests in wet spots,

but rarely flowering’. It is indeed very true that most plants.

of this species encountered in the damp forests in Malacca,

Selangor and Perak appear to be sterile all the time.

Between February and March, 1968, the author observed that

six pots of Orchidantha longiflora in the Botany Department,

University of Singapore, were sporadically in blooming. The

two or three flowered cymes are at ground level on a short

underground stalk, and are hidden by the leafbases, only the

stout, needle-shaped flower buds emerged above the surface,

one at a time, with the intervals of about ten days to two weeks.

These flowering buds are subtended and tightly wrapped by the

stiff, deep-purple coloured bracts and bracteoles.

Although each flower possesses six perianth-lobes, the most

conspicuous part of the flower, however, is the lip — the enlarged

and specialized median perianth-lobe. It is spoon-shaped, pale:

lilac in colour, prominently veined, more or less wrinkled even

in full expansion; the central portion of which is strongly ridged.

The upper part is shallowly trilobed; the mid-lobe is broadly

dentate, with a medial tail-like projection (i.e., a continuation of

the central ridge) on the notch. The lower margin is entire,

and narrowed towards the base into a claw which is dark

purple in colour. The lip expanded and remained rigid for only

about six to eight hours, usually from late morning to afternoon,

then turned yellow and curled up and withered immediately

* A fourth species, O. calcarea Henderson (in Gard. Bull. Str. Settl.

7:125, 1933) from the limestone hill in Upper Perak, Malaya, is probably

not specifically distinct from O. longiflora.

348 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Fig. 1. Orchidantha longiflora Ridley (Lowiaceae)

a. flowering plant; a, leaf; b. flower (showing, from top, the feathery

stigmas, lip, three outer perianth-lobes, and the inferior ovary) and

subtending bracts and bracteoles; c. lip (note the prominent central

ridge and the dentate midlobe with a tail-like extension) and two

much smaller inner pe rianth-lobes; d. androecium and upper part of

gynoecium; e. stamen; f. style and stigmas; g. floral diagram.

(drawings by Mrs. R. S. Keng).

Plate 1. Orchidantha longiflora Ridley.

A. Habit; B. a flower. (Scale: 1 cm divisions) Photo by Mr. D. Teow.

Keng — Orchidantha 349

afterwards. Therefore the flower of this plant is ephemeral, and

this likely accounts for the fact that it is “‘rarely flowering’.

No fruit or seed was set after flowering, possibly due to the

lack of necessary pollinating agents under cultivated condition.

Line drawings based on, and photographs taken from the

fresh material, are presented. (see Fig. 1, and Plate 1).

Literature cited

MerRRILL, E. D. 1923: Distribution of the Dipterocarpaceae.

Origin and relationships of the Philippines flora and causes

of differences between the flora of eastern and western

Malaysia. Philip. J. Sc. 23: 1-33.

RIpLey, H. N. 1924: The flora of the Malay Peninsula. vol. 4,

Monocotyledons.

RipLey, H. N. 1937: Origin of the flora of the Malay Peninsula.

Blumea, Suppl. 1 (J. J. Smith Jubilee vol.): 183-192.

WINKLER, H. 1930: Musaceae, in Engler & Prantl, Die naturlichen

Pflanzenfamilien, 2d. ed., 15a: 505-541. —

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A narnis

The Status of the Genus Catanthera F.v.Muell

(Melastomataceae)

M. P. NAYAR

Industrial Section, Indian Museum,

Botanical Survey of India,

Calcutta-13

The genus Catanthera was founded by Baron F. v. Mueller

(in Journ. Bot. 24: 289 (1886)) on the basis of specimens.

Forbes 451 and Forbes 419 from New Guinea and he named the

type species as Catanthera lysipetala. According to F. v. Mueller

the “perfectly separated’? petals and ‘“‘completely bent’’ anthers

of the taxon “demand for this vacciniaceous plant a distinct

generic position.’ Mueller (/. c.) however, did not mention the

reasons for assigning this taxon to the family Vacciniaceae, but

he indicated its anomalous position by mentioning that the

inwardly resupinate anthers of the taxon was “‘quite exceptional

in the tribes Ericeae and Vaccinieae’’. Mueller’s description of

the genus was quite good, but he erroneously assigned the genus

Catanthera to the family Vacciniaceae. The family Vacciniaceae

is characterised by sympetalous corolla, by its baccate and

drupaceous fruits and presence of copious fleshy endosperm.

Nine years later, Stapf (in Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 25: t. 2415 &

2416 (1895) ) proposed a new genus Hederella on the basis of

Hederella multiflora Stapf, H. tetrandra Stapf, H. quintuplinervis

(Cogn.) Stapf and H. forbesii Stapf. Stapf (/. c.) appropriately

assigned the genus Hederella to the family Melastomataceae

because of its polypetalous corolla, the presence of 2 or more side

nerves parallei to the margins and the appendaged stamens; and

Stapf further placed the genus in the tribe Dissochaeteae because

of its baccate fruits with numerous seeds, axile placentation and

apical porose dehiscence. According to Stapf this homogenous

group of species is characterised by 4 or 8 stamens (if 8 with

dimorphic anthers), ivy-like habit and the prominent staminal

appendages. Gilg (in Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenfam. 3.7: Nachtr.

266 (1897) ) referred Hederella Stapt to Dissochaeta B\. Mansfeld

[in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 60: 113, (1925)] while describing the

Melastomataceae of Papua, combined Hederella with Medinilla

since his concept of Medinilla was a broad one. Bakhuizen fil.

[ in Meded. Bot. Mus. & Herb. Utrecht, No. 91: 26 (1943) ]

with hesitation referred Hederella to a section of Medinilla, since

in his opinion it is more closely allied to Medinilla than to

Dissochaeta; however he did not study the genus in detail on

account of insufficient material. Nayar (in Kew Bull. 20: 235

(1966) ) considered that Stapf’s concept of the genus Hederella

352 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

is justified. It is seen that, among the four species proposed by

Stapf (J. c.) while establishing the genus Hederella, Hederella

forbesii Stapf was found to be conspecific with the type species

of Catanthera F. v. Muell. ie. C. lysipetala F. v. Muell. Since

a validly published earlier generic name Catanthera F. v. Muell.

(1886) is available, it is proposed to consider Hederella Stapf

(1895) as a synonym of the former.

Mansfeld (in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 60: 113 (1925)) proposed the

monotypic genus Phyllapophysis on the basis of specimen

Schlechter 20117 from New Guinea. In the key to the Papuan

Dissochaeteae he grouped the new genus with Omphalopus Naud.

The nature of anthers and the shape and orientation of the

phylloid staminal appendages in the genus Omphalopus are quite

characteristic. The genus Omphalopus has reticulate and bullate

anthers, whereas in the genus Phyllapophysis the anthers are not

reticulate. It is presumed that Mansfeld might have been misled

by the shrivelled anthers in the herbarium material. The nature

of the staminal appendages, the presence of extra-ovarial chambers

descending to the base of the ovary and the ivy-like habit

indicate that the taxon Phyllapophysis schlechteri Mansf. should

be transferred to the genus Catanthera. Hence it is proposed to

reduce the monotypic genus Phyllapophysis Mansf. to a synonym

of Catanthera F. v. Muell. The nomenclature and the synonymy

of the genus Catanthera are as follows:

Catanthera F. v. Muell. in Journ. Bot. 24: 289, 1886.

Hederella Stapf in Hook. f., Ic. Pl. 25 Lt. 2415, 1895. Synon. nov.

Phyllapophysis Mansf. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 60: 113, 1925.

Synon. nov.

Enumeration of species of Catanthera

1. Catanthera lysipetala F. v. Muell. in Journ. Bot. 24: 289, 1886.

Type: syntypes. Forbes 419 & Forbes 451 (BM.).

Medinilla anomala Cogn., in DC., Monogr. Phan. 7: 1185,

1891. Type: Forbes 45] (K., BM.).

Hederella forbesii Stapf in Hook. f., Ic. Pl. 25: t. 2415,

1895. Type: Forbes 451 (K., BM.).

Hederella lysipetala (F. Muell.) Nayar in Kew Bull. 20:

ZIT, TOO.

2. Catanthera multiflora (Stapf) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella multiflora Stapf in Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 25: t. 2415,

1895: Merrill in Journ. St. Br. Roy. As. Soc. 1921,

Spec. No.: 446, 1921; Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 236, 1966.

Type: Haviland 154 (K.).

Medinilla multiflora (Stapf) Mansf., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 60:

124, 1926.

Nayar — Catanthera | 353

3. Catanthera quintuplinervis (Cogn.) Nayar comb. nov.

Dissochaeta quintuplinervis Cogn. in DC., Monogr. Phan.

7: 556, 1891. Type: Beccari 1802 & 3274 (isosyntypes K.).

Hederella quintuplinervis (Cogn.) Stapf in Hook. f. Ic. PI.

25: t. 2416, 1895: Merrill in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As.

Soc. 1921, Spec. No.: 446, 1921: Nayar in Kew Bull.

20: 236, 1966.

4. Catanthera tetrandra (Stapf) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella tetrandra Stapf in Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 25: t. 2415,

1895; Merrill in Journ. Str. Br. As. Soc. 1921, Spec. No.:

446, 1921; Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 237, 1966. Type:

Beccari 304 (isotype K.).

5. Catanthera kinabaluensis (Nayar) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella kinabaluensis Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 237, 1966.

Type: R.S.N.B. No. 76 (holotype K.).

6. Catanthera longistylis (Mansf.) Nayar comb. nov.

Medinilla longistylis Mansf. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 60: 113,

1925. Type: Schlechter 19258 (isotype K.).

Hederella longistylis (Mansf.) Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 238,

1966.

7. Catanthera brassii (Nayar) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella brassii Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 238, 1966. Type:

Brass 7044 (holotype K.).

8. Catanthera ovata (Nayar) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella ovata Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 238, 1966. Type:

Brass 12726 (holotype K.).

9. Catanthera paniculata (Nayar) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella paniculata Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 239, 1966.

Type: Carr 14189 (holotype BM., isotype K.).

10. Catanthera endertii (Nayar) Nayar comb. nov.

Hederella endertii Nayar in Kew Bull. 20: 240, 1966.

Type: Endert 4390 (holotype K.).

11. Catanthera schlechteri (Mansf.) Nayar comb. nov.

Phyllapophysis schlechteri Mansf. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.

60: 114, 1925; Ohwi in Jap. Bot. Mag. 57: 5, 1943.

Type: Schlechter 20117 (isotype K.).

Acknowledgements

I wish to express my gratitude to Sir George Taylor, Director,

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, for all facilities and kindness during

my stay in U.K. from 1961-67. I must gratefully acknowledge

354 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

the helpful discussions I have had with Mr. H. K. Airy Shaw,

Kew on the nomenclature and the status of Catanthera F. v. Muell.

Later on Dr. R. D. Hoogland, CSIRO, Canberra, has also

kindly informed me about the status of Catanthera and I must

thank him for the information. I wish to extend my thanks to

the Directors and Staff of the Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens,

Edinburgh, The British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London, and the

Rijksherbarium, Leiden, Netherlands, for their hospitality and

help during my visits there. My thanks are also due to Dr. K.

Subramanyam, Director, Botanical Survey of India for his

encouragement.

Discocnide (Urticaceae)

W.-L. CHEW (CHEW WEE-LEK)

Botanic Gardens, Singapore

This very small genus of Central America was first established

by Liebmann who named it Discocarpus in 1851, quite unaware of

the fact that this name had already been used by Klotzsch for an

euphorbiaceous genus also of the same region. This genus, however,

was not acceptable to Weddell who reduced it to a section of

Laportea in 1856.

Having studied the latter genus on a monographic basis, I found

that Liebmann was quite correct in keeping this separate from

Laportea. In my paper in 1965, reasons were given for maintaining |

its generic status. It suffices here to merely mention that Discocnide

distinguishes itself from all the others of the family in the achenes

being very thin and disc-like with a hyaline pericarp.

This genus, now found to have only one species, is quite closely

related to Urera with which it has many characters in common

such as the habit of growth, leaf-form and size, twigs and the

female flowers. The somewhat ligulate stigma is perhaps the only

link between this and Laportea or Dendrocnide.

Due to the fact that the bulk of the materials here listed were

not available for my study till end of 1965, a full treatment of this

genus could not be presented in my preliminary paper of that year.

This short paper is based on the materials of the following

herbaria:

Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium

(BR).

Botanical Museum & Herbarium, Copenhagen, Denmark (C).

Chicago Natural History Museum, Chicago, U.S.A. (F).

The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, U.K. (K).

University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan,

U.S.A. (MICH).

New York Botanical Garden, New York, U.S.A. (NY).

Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (P).

Naturhistoriska Riksmuseum, Stockholm, Sweden (S).

Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC., U.S.A. (US).

Botanischer Garten, Zurich, Switzerland (Z).

Opportunity is here taken to thank the Directors and Curators

of these institutes for their generosity in the loan of their valuable

materials.

DISCOCNIDE Chew

in Gard. Bull. Sing. 21: 207 (1965). — Discocarpus Liebm. in

Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk, Skrift. ser. 5. 2: 308 (1851), non Klotzsch

(1841). — Laportea sect. Discocarpus Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Hist.

Nat. Paris 9: 132 (1856) et in DC. Prodr. 16 (1): 84 (1869).

356 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Monoecious ligneous shrubs or small trees with irritant hairs.

Leaves simple, petiolate, chartaceous, alternate, with symmetrical

lamina. Stipules wholly connate, intrapetiolar. I/nflorescences

unisexual, pedunculate, axillary, branched racemes with minute

peduncular bracts. Male flowers 5-merous, with a rudimentary

ovary. Female flowers 4-merous, with ovoid ovaries and ligulate

stigmas; pedicels simple. Achenes flat, very thinly chartaceous,

with smooth pericarp, reflexed over elongated pedicels.

Species 1: D. mexicana

Discocnide mexicana (Liecbm.) Chew in Gard. Bull. Sing. 21: 208

(1965). — Discocarpus mexicanus Liebm. in Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk.

Skrift. ser. 5. 2: 309 (1851). — D. nicaraguensis Liebm. in op. cit.

(1851). — Urera platycarpa Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 3. 18: 202

(1852). — Laportea platycarpa (Wedd.) Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat.

ser. 4. 1: 182 (1854) et in Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 132

(1856). — L. liebmannii Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9:

133 (1856). —— L. mexicana (Liebm.) Wedd. in DC. Prodr. 16 (1):

84 (1869). — L. nicaraguensis (Liebm.) Wedd. in op. cit. (1869).

— Urticastrum mexicanum (Liebm.) O.K. & nicaraguense (Liebm.)

O.K. Rev. Gen. Pl. 635 (1891).

Distribution: Mexico, Yucatan, Guatemala, El Salvador and

Nicaragua.

Small trees or shrubs to 5 metres high. Twigs puberulous,

sparsely covered with fairly long, rigid irritant hairs; petiolar scars

very prominent. Lamina (5—) 10-13 (—16) cm. long, (3—) 5-8 (—12)

cm. broad, ovate, chartaceous; the upperside sparsely covered with

short irritant hairs, the lowerside densely covered with rather long

ones, both sides dense with punctiform cystoliths; base rounded to

slightly truncate; apex acute; margin crenate: lateral veins 5—7 pairs,

the basal pair most prominent, reaching to about half the length of

the lamina; intercostals few, faint. Petioles 4-7 (-10) cm. long, dense

with long irritant hairs. Stipules less than 1 cm. long, light

puberulous, with very short irritant hairs. Inflorescences unisexual,

rarely bisexual, branched racemes, to 25 cm. long, 10 cm. broad,

axillary, solitary to numerous; peduncle dense with long irritant

hairs. Male flowers pedicellate; perianth ca. 2 mm. long and broad,

puberulous to pubescent, the apex usually with a few long irritant

hairs, 5-tepalled: stamens 5, with slightly reflexed filaments; pistil-

lode ca. 0.5 mm. long, 0.75 mm. broad, cup shape; interfloral bracts

minute; pedicels to 2 mm. long. Female flowers pedicellate,

arranged in loose fascicles; perianth ca. 0.4 mm. long, 0.3 mm.

broad, 4-lobed, puberulous, the lateral tepals slightly long and

broader than the medial ones; ovary ca. 0.8 mm. long, 0.5 mm.

broad, somewhat ovoid; stigma ligulate, ca. 0.8 mm. long; inter-

floral bracts minute; pedicels ca. 1 mm. long, simple, puberulous

to glabrous. Achenes to 4 mm. long and broad, very shortly

stipitate, somewhat sigmoid, flat and thin chartaceous, with a

smooth often hyaline pericarp; the perianth forming a minute

cupule at the base; pedicel 2 to 3 mm. long.

Vernacular names: Chichicaste and Ortiga.

Chew — Discocnide

Fig. 1.— D. mexicana:

A = fruiting twig; B = leaf:

C = echene.

357

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

358

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Chew — Discocnide 359

Mexico: — Hidalgo Distr.: Huejustla: Seler 921, April 1888 (F).

— Oaxaca Distr.: Cerro de S. Felipe: Liebmann herb. 14222

(holotype in C, isotype in F.) — Marquesado: Conzatti 5231, Feb.

1937 (MICH). — Sine Loc.: Galeotti 7128 (holotype of U.

platycarpa: in P). — Temascaltepec Distr.: Manchititla: Hintow

3417, Feb. 1933 (Z). Temascaltepec: Hintou 634, May 1932 (Z)

& 3676, March 1933 (NY). — Vera Cruz Distr.: Orizaba: Botteri

793 (US). — Cordova Valley: Bourgeau 2280, April 1866 (BR, P..

S; US).

Yucatan: — Sine lov.: Gaumer 50] (US).

Guatemala: — Peten Distr.: La Libertad: Lunell 3104, April

1933 (F, MICH). Uaxactum: Bartlett 12763, April 1931 (MICH).

— Santa Rosa Dept.: Santa Rosa: Heyde & Luz 1467, April 1892

(US). — Lake Omatitlan: Pittier 109, April 1905 (US).

El Salvador: -—— near San Salvador: Standley 22403 & 22797,

April 1922 (NY & US). — Ahuachapan: Padilla 323 (US). — Sine:-

loc.: Renson 204 (US).

Nicaragua: — near Managua: Gardiner 1068 (US). — near

Matagalpa: Orsted herb. 14223, Jan. 1848 (holotype of D. nicara--

guensis: holotype in C).

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Nothocnide (Urticaceae) in Malesia

W.-L. CHEW (CHEW WEE-LEK)

Blume established this genus in 1856 with one species N. repanda

which he had previously described as Urtica repanda. Weddell in

his Monograph of the Urticaceae considered this congeneric with

Pipturus and had it reduced accordingly. Here in Pipturus the

genus Nothocnide stayed and was subsequently forgotten.

It was not till 1933, that the genus (though not its name) was

brought out again. Skottsberg, while revising the genus Pipturus,

discovered, independently and quite unaware of Blume’s publica-

tion, that that genus was unnatural and that a small group of

climbing species could easily be distinguished from the others as

a distinct genus. Thus Pseudopipturus was established to accom-

modate these climbers with Blume’s Urtica repanda as the type

species. This was followed by all subsequent authors including

the compilers of Index Genericorum without their realising that

the name Pseudopipturus is quite superfluous.

Credit for the discovery of this “‘lost’? name goes to Backer and

Bakhuizen who, in their joint work Flora of Java (1965) quite

rightly re-established it in place of Pseudopipturus. Only one

combination, however, was made by them.

It is partly for this reason that this paper is now presented

i.e. to effect the remaining combinations. At the same time,

opportunity is here taken to have the malesian species of the genus

revised as a further material towards an ultimate monograph of

the whole family.

Nothocnide Blume

Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: tab. 14 (1856); Backer & Bakh. v/d.

Brink, Fl. Java, 2: 49 (1965). — Pipturus Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat.

ser. 4. 1: 196 (1854), partim. — Pseudopipturus Skottsberg in

Acta Hort. Gothoburg. 8: 117 (1933); Hutchinson, Genera Flow.

Pl]. 2: 191 (1967).

Closely related to Pipturus from which it differs in the following

characters: — (a) climbers or scramblers, (b) lamina margin

smooth, not toothed, (c) except for N. discolor, undersides of

lamina without the white felt, (d) the female perianth fleshy and

adnate to the ovary.

Species 5, mainly Malesia. Type species: N. repanda (B1.) B1.

Dioecious soft-woody climbers devoid of irritant hairs. Leaves

spirally arranged, stipulate, petiolate, simple. Lamina elliptic to

obovate, prominently 3-veined, with fine intercostals almost per-

pendicular to the midrib; margin smooth; the upperside side often

362 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

dense with punctiform cystoliths, usually strigose. Stipules connate,

intrapetiolar, bifid at the apex, the two ridges on the outside

strigose. Inflorescences spicate, axillary, with flowers in glomerules

at regular intervals all the usually unbranched peduncle. Male

flowers sessile to subsessile, ca. 1 mm. long and broad, 4-merous;

the rudimentary ovary surrounded by long thin white hairs. Female

flowers sessile; perianth minutely toothed at the apex, ca. | mm.

long, adnate to the ovary; stigma long ligulate. Achenes 1—1.5 mm.

long and broad, obovoid often spherical.

Key to the Species

1-a. Undersides of lamina covered with a dense

Pit ie 2 | i ae ear. Liab afro N. discolor

—b. Undersides of lamina glabrous to villose but without the

SENSE Tie EAI; «cho inncert batt} iiaeht ted nae « B heiep <pbaeeas nan

2—a. Undersides of lamina dense pubescent to villose; twigs,

‘petioles and peduncles densely strigose ......... N. mollissima

—b. Not this combination of characters ...................20:eeeeeee: J

3-a. Lamina with only one pair of main lateral veins arising from

the base and reaching to the apex ......... N. melastomatifolia

—b. Lamina with 2 to 3 pairs of main lateral veins; one pair

arising from the base as in (3a) above but the others arising

from the mid-rib mear”the apex. [ctl aes. N. repanda

1. Nothocnide repanda (B1.) Bi. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 2: tab.

14 (1856); Backer & Bakh. v/d Brink f. Fl. Java, 2: 49 (1965)..

— Urtica repanda Bl. Bijdr. 501 (1825); Steud. Nom. Bot. ed. 2.

2: 736 (1841). — Boehmeria repanda (Bl.) Hasskl.. Cat. Hort.

Bot. Bog. 79 (1844). — Boehmeria trinervis Mig. Pl. Jungh. 36:

(1851). — Pipturus repandus (Bl.) Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser.

4.1: 196 (1854) et in Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 448 (1857)

et in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 23519 (1869). — Pipturus ellipticus

Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 4. 1: 197 (1854). — Pipturus

succulentus Elm. Leafl. Philip. Bot. 3: 897 (1910); Robinson in

Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 6: 15 (1911); Merr. Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2: 95

(1923). — Pseudopipturus repandus (Bl.) Skottsb. in Acta Hort.

Gothob. 8: 117 (1933). — Pseudopipturus succulentus (Elm.)

Skottsb. in op. cit. (1933). — Pipturus subalpinus Elm. Leafi.

Philip. Bot. 9: 3221 (1934).

Woody climber with obovate lamina, scarbrous on the lower

side and on the veins only of the upper side, with at most 3 pairs

of main lateral veins, 2 of which branching off above the mid-

point and usually towards the apex. — Fig, 1.

Distribution: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Borneo, Philippines, Celebes,

Moluccas, New Guinea, Bismark Archipelago and Solomon:

Islands.

Chew — Nothocnide 363

Fig. 1.— N. repanda:

A = twig; B & C = female flowers;

D = female flower (v.s.); E = stipule.

364 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Twigs closely strigose. Lamina ca. 12-15 cm. long, 5-7 cm.

broad, obovate; the upperside strigose only on the veins, dense

with punctiform cystoliths; the lowerside generally strigose, more

so on the veins, also dense with punctiform cystoliths; main lateral

veins at most 3 pairs, one pair at the base, the other 2 near the

apex; margin lightly crenate; apex shortly acuminate; base cuneate.

Petioles ca. 3 cm. long, usually dense strigose. Stipules to 6 mm.

long, 1.5 mm. broad, lightly strigose, early caducous. /nflorescences

axillary, 2 to 4 at each axil, to 10 cm. long, spicate, peduncle

sparsely to closely strigose, the females usually longer than the

males. Male flowers shortly pedicellate; perianth ca. 1 mm. long

and broad, 4-tepalled, closely strigose at the apex; stamens 4, with

very long reflexed filaments; rudimentary ovary thin, ca. 0.8 mm.

long, the base with long white hairs; pedicel to 0.4 mm. long,

densely covered with long white hairs. Female flowers subsessile;

perianth ca. 1 mm. long, ca. 0.8 mm. broad, minutely 4-toothed

and strigose at the apex, obovoid; stigma ligulate, to 3 mm. long,

usually early caducous; the very short pedicels bearing numerous

long white hairs. Achenes ca. 1.25 mm. long, 1 mm. broad,

obovoid to almost spherical.

I have studied the type materials of Elmer’s succulentus and

subalpinus very closely but have failed to find any valid reason

for their separation from this species.

This merges somewhat imperceptibly into the next, particularly

in West Sumatra where some plants have been observed to have

somewhat pubescent lamina.

Sumatra: — Bengkoelen: Soeban Ajam: Ajoeb 294. — G.

Merapi: Bunnemeyer 5040, Oct. 1918. — Sine loc.: Junghuhn 10

(isotype of B. trinervis).

Java: — Madioen: Koorders 23336, June 1896. — Mt. Muria:

Kostermanns 6242, Nov. 1951. — Mt. Salak: Bakh. v/d Brink

3641, May 1920. — Tyibodas: van Steenis 2669, Jan. 1929.

Bali: — van Steenis 8145, April 1936.

Borneo: — West Koetai: Endert 2512 & 3339, Sept. 1925.

Philippines: — Luzon: Mt. Pinatubo: Elmer 220/36, May 1927

(isotype of P. subalpinus). — Mindanao: Mt. Apo: Elmer 10739,

May 1909 (isotype of P. succulentus).

Celebes: — Talaud Isls.: Pulau Karakelang: Lam 2583, April

1926. — Menado: sine loc.: Koorders 19064 & 19069, Jan.—Feb.

1895.

Moluccas: — Amboina: Robinson, P!. Rumph. Amboin 321 &

322, July—Nov. 1913. — Ceram: Rutten 2063, Feb. 1919. —

Ternate: Goeni Senang: Beguin 1277 & 1322, Jan. 1921.

West New Guinea: — Rouffaer River: Docters van Leeuwen

9742 & 10080, Aug. 1926.

East New Guinea: — Sepik Distr.: Blini River: Darbyshire &

Hooegland 8285, July 1961.

Chew — Nothocnide 365

Papua: — Milne Bay: Goodenough Island: Brass 25119, Oct.

1953.

Bismark Archip.: — New Britain: Torlu River: Sayers NGF.

24216, March 1965. — Mussau Isl.: Koie & Sandermann 1407 &

1605, Jan.—Feb. 1962.

Solomon Islands: — Kolombangana Isl.: Hunt RSS. 2461, Aug.

1965. — San Cristobal Isl.: Whitmore RSS. 6138, July 1965.

2. Nothocnide melastomatifolia (K. Sch.) Chew, comb. nov. —

Pipturus melastomatifolius K. Sch. Fl. Kais. Wilhelm. 37 (1889),

basionym; Winkl. in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 593 (1922). — Pseudopip-

turus melastomatifolius (K. Sch.) Skottsb. in Acta Hort. Gothob.

BS: Liv G935ax

Closely related to the preceding species from which it can easily

be distinguished by (a) the plant almost glabrous and (b) the main

lateral veins near the apex of the lamina very faint or absent. —

Fig. 2.

Distribution: New Guinea.

Twigs sparsely strigose to subglabrous. Lamina (5—) 8-10 (—15)

cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad, elliptic, rarely ovate, almost glabrous,

dense with punctiform cystoliths; main lateral veins | pair, arising.

from the base, reaching to the apex; margin smooth to undulate;

apex shortly acuminate; base broadly cuneate to rounded. Petiole

3-4 cm. long, very sparsely strigose to subglabrous. Stipules to 5

mm. long, ca. 1.5 mm. broad, subglabrous, caducous. Inflorescences

axillary, 2 to 4 at each axil, to 10 cm. long, spicate, peduncle

subglabrous, the females usually longer than the males. Flowers

and achenes as in N. repanda.

Hatusima (ined. 1944) considered this conspecific with N.

repanda, an opinion I cannot entirely agree. I find no difficulty in

distinguishing these two species on the characters mentioned in the

diagnosis above. This occurs from sea-level to ca. 1,500 metres.

in altitude.

West New Guinea: — Vogelkop Peninsula: Kebor Valley: van

Royen & Sleumer 7328, Nov. 1961. — Hollandia: Lake Sentani:

Versteegh BW. 3921, Sept. 1956.

East New Guinea: — Sepik Distr.: Sepik River: Hollrung 802

(isotype of P. melastomatifolius). — Morobe Distr.: near Bulolo:

Millar NGF. 23006, Jan. 1964.

Papua: — Central Division: Koitaki: Carr 11963, April 1935.

— Northern Division: Isuarara: Carr 15424, Feb. 1936.

3. Nothocnide mollissima (Bl.) Chew, comb. nov. — Urtica

mollissima Bl. Bijdr. 501 (1825), basionym. — Pipturus

mollissimus (Bl.) Wedd. in Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 9: 449

(1857) et in DC. Prodr. 16(1): 235-19 (1869); Hk. f. Fl. Br. Ind.

5: 589 (1888); Ridl. Fl. Mal. Pen. 3: 367 (1924). —Pipturus

repandus var. Rufescens Wink]. in Bot. Jahrb. 57: 593 (1922). —

Pseudopipturus mollissimus (Bl.) Merr. in Papers Mich. Acad.

Sc. 23: 177 (1938).

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore--- XXIV (1969)

366

Fig. 2.-— N. melastomatifolia.

Chew — Nothocnide 367

This species distinguishes itself by the twigs, petioles and

peduncles being densely strigose and the undersides of the lamina

dense pubescent to villose.

Distribution: Borneo, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, Bali,

New Guinea and Solomon Islands.

Twigs densely strigose. Lamina ca. 10-15 cm. long, 6-9 cm.

broad, broad elliptic to slightly obovate; the upperside dense

appressed strigose, the lowerside dense pubescent to villose; main

lateral veins ca. 3 pairs, one pair at the base, the others near the

apex; margin smooth; apex bluntly acuminate; base broadly

cuneate. Petioles to 4 cm. long, densely strigose. Stipules to 5 mm.

long, ca. 2 mm. broad, subglabrous, caducous. Inflorescences

axillary, 2-4 at each axil, less than 9 cm. long; peduncle densely

strigose, the females slightly longer. Flowers and achenes as in

N. discolor.

I do not agree with J. J. Smith and Bakhuizen v.d. Brink that

this species is conspecific with N. repanda. These two are very

easily separated from each other on the characters enumerated

above.

From collections available for my study, this species seems

more common in the Malay Peninsula than in Java where the

holotype was collected.

Borneo: — Sarawak: Bau Distr.: Chew Wee-Lek CWL. 554 &

564, July 1963; Sinclair 38461, March 1949. — sine loc.: Ridley

42320, wept. 1909.

Malay Peninsula: Kedah: Inchong Estate: Spare 37606,

Aug. 1941. — Penang: Balik Pulau: Ridley 8024, March 1896.

— Perak: Larut River: Wray 2464, July 1888. — Selangor: Batu

Caves: Ridley 395, June 1889. — Johore: Kukub: Burkill 118,

Aug. 1913.

Sumatra: — Asahan: Hoela Padang: Krukoff 4446, Dec. 1932.

— Lampong: Wai Lima Estate: Iboet 444, Dec. 1921. — Sibo-

langit: Lorzing 5466, Dec. 1917.

Java: — Bantam: Danoe-moeras: Koorders 40603, May 1912.

— Besoeki: Djember: Koorders 20736, Nov. 1895.— Kurupang:

Blume s.n. (Leiden herb. 908-189-1402, type of Urtica mollissima).

Bali: — Mt. Batukau: Kostermans et al. KKSS. 121, June 1958.

New Guinea (West): — Geelvink Bay: near Nabire: Kanehira

& Hatusima 11772, Feb. 1940.

New Guinea (Papua): — Milne Bay: Mt. Daymanu: Brass

23336, July 1953.

Solomon Islands: — Santa Ysabel: Beer BSIP. 7723, Jan. 1967.

368 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

4. Nothocnide discolor (C. B. Rob.) Chew, comb. nov. —

Pipturus discolor C. B. Rob. in Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 6: 15 (1911)

basionym; Merr. Enum. Phil. Fl. Pl. 2: 95 (1923). — Pseudo-

pipturus discolor (C. B. Rob.) Skottsb. in Acta Hort. Gothob. 8:

117 (1933).

This species distinguishes itself by the lamina being covered on

the underside with a white felt and the petioles and twigs densely

strigose, often with reddish-brown hairs.

Distribution: Philippines & New Guinea.

Twigs densely reddish-brown strigose. Lamina (5-) 8-12 (-15)

cm. long, (3-) 4-6 (-8) cm. broad, obovate, rarely broad elliptic:

the upperside strigose only on the veins, dense with punctiform

cystoliths; the lowerside densely strigose on the veins and inter-

costals, the interspaces covered with a fine dense white felt; main

lateral veins 2 to 3 pairs, one pair arising from the base, the other

2 near the apex; margin smooth to undulate; apex blunt acuminate

to acute. Petioles ca. 3-4 cm. long, dense reddish-brown strigose.

Stipules less than 5 mm., densely woolly, caducous. Inflorescences

axillary, 2 to 4 at each axil, up to 8 cm. long, spicate, peduncle

dense reddish-brown tomentose, both sexes of about the same

length. Male flowers fairly dense strigose at the apical half, the rest

as in N. repanda. Female flowers and achenes as in N. repanda.

I have compared the New Guinea populations with those of the

Philippines and am quite satisfied that they are conspecific. The

disjunct distribution is probably due to lack of collections from

the Celebes and the Moluccas.

Philippines: —- Mindanao: Lake Lanao: Clemens 676, Sept.

—Oct. 1906 (type of P. discolor).

New Guinea (North-East): — Morobe Distr.: Kipu: Streimann

& Kairo NGF. 26146, Jan. 1966.

New Guinea (Papua): — Northern Div.: Isuarara: Carr 1591],

March 1936.

Extra — Malesian Species

Pseudopipturus rotundifolius (Poir.) Skottsberg in Acta Hort.

Gothoburg. 8: 117 (1933). — Urtica rotundifolia Poir. Encycl. 4:

644 (1798). — Pipturus rotundifolius (Poir.) Wedd. in Ann. Sci.

Nat. ser. 4. 1: 197 (1854).

Distribution: Mauritius

This climbing species is claimed to belong to this genus. As I

have not seen it, I refrain from having it transferred.

Chew — Nothocnide 369

INDEX OF COLLECTIONS EXAMINED

Ajoeb:

294 = repanda

Backer, C. A.:

1794 = repanda

4357 = repanda

7369 = mollissima

Jal3 = repanda

8776 = repanda

11862 — repanda

11928 = repanda

16266 = repanda

33012 = repanda

Bakhuizen v.d. Brink, R. C.

3248 Se repanda

3641 = repanda

Beer, W.:

BSIP. 5104 = mollissima

BSIP. 7723 a mollissima

Beguin, V.:

1277 = repanda

i = repanda

Blume, C. L.:

L. herb. 908-189-1402 = mollissima

L. herb. 908-189-1434 = mollissima

Boerlage, J. G.:

118 = repanda

125 = repanda

DIZ = repanda

Brass, L. J.:

23336 = mollissima

25119 = repanda

Bunnemeyer, H. A. B.:

5040 = repanda

Burkill, I. H.:

118 = mollissima

Carr, C. E.:

11963 = melastomatifolia

13972 = melastomatifolia

15424 = melastomatifolia

15911 = discolor

16145 = melastomatifolia

16475 = melastomatifolia

Carrick, J.:

IC. 1493 = _ mollissima

Chew Wee-Lek:

CWL. 554 = mollissima

CWL. 564 = mollissima

370 Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Clemens, M. S.:

676 (type!)

Curtis, C.:

673

1032

Danser, B. H.:

6722

Darbyshire & Hoogland:

8285

Dissing et al.:

2362

Docters van Leeuwen, W. M.:

9742

10080

12158

Elmer, A. D. E.:

7468

7786

10043

10241

10739 (type!)

13859

14467

17531

17639

22016

Endert, F. H.:

2512

3339

Eyma, P. J.:

2398

3172

Hollrung, M.:

802

Holttum, R. E.:

19881

Hume, H. L.:

7134

Hunt, P. F.:

RSS. 2461

Iboet:

254

378

444

Junghuhn, Fr.:

discolor

mollissima

repanda

repanda :

repanda

discolor

repanda

melastomatifolia

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

repanda

Chew — Nothocnide

Kanehira & Hatusima:

11772

14219

Koens, A. J.:

306

Koie & Sandermann:

1407

1605

Koorders, S. H.:

19064

19069

20736

23336

23939

24426

29109

32241

40464

40543

40603

Kornassi:

908

1003

1086

1550

Kostermans, A.:

6242

Kostermans et al.:

KKSS. 121

Krukoff, B. A.:

4446

Lam, H. J.:

2583

Lorzing, J. A.:

5466

Mendoza, D. R.:

18362

Millar, A. N.:

NGF. 23006

Millard, A. H.:

1670

Mousset, J. P.:

743

Nakissi, A.:

BSIP. 8078

Nur, Md.:

SFN. 33968

371

mollissima

melastomatifolia

repanda

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

repanda

melastomatifolia

mollissima

repanda

mollissima

2¢2

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore — XXIV (1969)

Oldenborgh, J. van:

Pleyte, D.:

133

Rahmat si Toroes:

Ramos, M.:

39404

Ramos & Edano:

30760

49545

75310

Rant, A.:

155

804

Ridley, H. N.:

395

3360

8024

10199

12326

Robinson, C. B.:

Pl. Rumph. 321

Pl. Rumph. 322

Royen, P. van:

NGF. 18249

Royen & Sleumer:

7328

Rutten, L. M. R.:

330

336

1586

2063

Sayers, C. D.:

NGF. 18070

NGF. 24216

Schlechter, R.:

14603

Sinclair, J:

38461

Spare, G. H.:

37606

Steenis. C. G. G. J. van:

2669

8145

12667

]

repanda

melastomatifolia

mollissima

repanda

discolor

repanda

mollissima

repanda

melastomatifolia

repanda

melastomatifolia

repanda

melastomatifolia

mollissima

repanda

Chew — Nothocnide 373

Streinmann & Kairo:

NGF. 26146 = discolor

Sulit, M. D.:

2769 = repanda

Teona, R.:

BSIP. 6219 = repanda

Teysmann, J. E.:

6758 = repanda

Versteeg, G.:

1733 = repanda

Versteegh, Chr.:

BW. 3921 = melastomatifolia

Vesterdal, A.:

19 = mollissima

Whitmore, T. C.:

BSIP. 2270 = repanda

RSS. 6138 = repanda

Winckel, W .F.:

1440 = repanda

Womersley & Taylor:

4786 é = repanda

Wray, L.:

2464 = mollissima

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