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Trogia (Basidiomycetes)

E.J.H. CORNER

91 Hinton Way, Great Shelford

Cambridge CB2 SAH

England

EFFECTIVE PUBLICATION DATE: 23 MAR 1992

Abstract

73 species (38 new) of Trogia are recorded from tropical Asia and Australasia, and 17 (3 new) from

the neotropics. Keys to identification are given and, for most species, descriptions. The sarcodimitic fruit-

body is regarded as a refinement to the lignicolous habitat, and tending, consequently, to simplification

by loss of stem and gills, as well as by diminished size. Its origin is considered along with the polypore

Meripilus and a possible explanation is found in the ancestry of pteruloid fungi with inflating hyphae.

Heimiomyces, with marasmioid affinity, is compared. Rimbachia is considered along with Rhodoarrhenia

(one new species) and Skepperiella.

New species — 7rogia aurantiphylla, T. basivillosa (neotropical), T. brevipes, T: carminea, T. decipiens

with var. pleurotella, T. delicata, T. diminutiva, T. endocystidiata, T. exigua, T. fusciceps, T. fuscoalba

with var. metuloidea, T. fuscolutea with var. minor, T. icterinoides, T. laeta (neotropical), T. lateralis,

T. latifolia, T. limonospora, T. limonosporoides, T. macra, T. mamillata, T. marasmioides, T. minima,

T. nigrescens with var. violascens, T. nitrosa, T. obfuscata, T. octava, T. odorata, T: omphalinoides with

var. confertifolia, T. pallida, T: perpusilla (neotropical), T: polyadelpha, T. pusilla with var. sublateralis,

T. raphanolens, T. revoluta, T. rosea, T. seriflua, T. sublateralis, T. subtomentosa, T. subtranslucens,

T. tenax, T. venulosa — Rhodoarrhenia solomonensis.

Other new varities — Trogia alba Corner var. brasiliensis and var. minor, T. anthidepas (Berk. et Br.)

Corner var. brasiliensis, T; aphylla Corner var. solomonensis, T. fulvochracea Corner var. brasiliensis and

var. solomonensis, T. impartita Corner var. griseola and var. major, T. subglobospora Corner var. mellea.

New combinations — Trogia guadelupensis (Heim) with var. nov. subincarnata.

Introduction

My treatment of this genus in 1966 brought an outburst of indignation. That anyone

should assemble in one genus agarics with and without gills along with stereoid or

sessile forms on the grounds of a sarcodimitic construction was considered a farce. I

replied (Corner 1968) and the matter has rested until the recent contribution by Redhead

(1987). I am not deterred because I have had numerous other collections of these fungi,

on which I now report. They link even more closely the variety that is to be found in

this alliance and confirm my understanding of the genus.

According to Singer (1975), the species which I put in 7rogia should be dispersed

in Gerronema, Hemimycena, Hydropus and Mycena, to which one can add Marasmiellus

and Neoclitocybe. His reason is that what he refers to as the supposed sarcodimitic

construction occurs widely in Tricholomataceae and, if accepted as a generic distinc-

tion, then 7rogia would be augmented by many more species. I agree and look forward

to the revelation because I have no faith in those genera, unless in Mycena. I cannot

discover any clear distinction between them, even though dispersed in three or four

tribes, and I doubt their natural content when I find such as the simply monomitic

Omphalina fibula and Cantharellus albidus placed in Gerronema along with species that

have the sarcodimitic structure of 7rogia; when the common Trogia infundibuliformis,

of wide acceptance, is described as a new species of Neoclitocybe, namely N. mem-

branacea Sing. et Grisl. (Pegler 1977); when 7: cantharelloides is still maintained in

7 TROGIA AS A GENUS

Trogia, though it is, as originally described, a species of Panus (Corner 1981); and when

Vanromburghia is unexplained. Indeed the concatenation of species in Trogia is far

closer than that which leads to the inclusion of Cyphellostereum in the same tribe as

Tricholoma. In practice, as I have ascertained by studying hundreds of different agarics,

the sarcodimitic construction is easily recognised and extracts a close alliance of agarics

with a characteristic waxy-cartilaginous appearance that is readily detected in the field.

If a strip of stem-tissue is detached from a living specimen, or from one preserved in

alcohol-formalin, and teased apart, the very long and more or less thick-walled fusiform

cells can be seen at once under a moderate magnification. It is a very useful guide to

identification because it extracts from the welter of collybioid, clitocyboid, mycenoid,

omphalinoid, pleurotoid and tricholomatoid agarics and gives precision. Indeed, sooner

or later in the course of specific identification, it is necessary to examine the hyphae

and, as their behaviour characterises the fruit-body, so I regard it as a primary con-

sideration. My first enquiry on studying any fruit-body microscopically is to find out

what kind of hyphae make it. I note that with dried material only of Trogia, this may

be impossible because the hyphae often stick firmly together; hence, doubtless, the

neglect of the sarcodimitic construction. It required the passage of thirty years before

the importance of hyphal construction was realised in connection with polypores.

The species of 7rogia are abundant lignicolous fungi in South East Asia, probably

throughout the tropics, and they come at once to the notice of the mycologist and

ecologist concerned with decomposition on the forest floor. Though the fruit-bodies

are usually small, they are often densely gregarious or caespitose and may occur in

large troops on fallen trunks. They prefer, it seems, wood in the later stages of decay

and, as it may then moulder into soil, so some species appear to be terricolous, e.g.

T. cyanea, T. delicata, T limonosporoides, T: pallida and T: subgelatinosa. The largest

fruit-bodies that I have met are those of 7. fuliginea and T. /atifolia with the pileus

up to 11 cm wide. The smallest are those of 7) minima and T. perpusilla with the pileus

1-3 mm wide. I list about 73 species for tropical Asia and Australasia and an under-

estimated 17 for the neotropics. There are certainly more to be found and many im-

provements to be made, but the keys and descriptions are the initial guides. In the

monograph (Corner 1966) only Latin descriptions were given for new species. These

I have translated in the following account but, where the description was in English,

I have referred to that monograph (with figures and plates), unless later collections

have enabled me to improve. The identification of the species with white or yellowish

fruit-bodies is intricate because they are variously depigmented and reduced from several

alliances; recourse to microscopic detail is inevitable. Rhodoarrhenia is an uncertain

genus which holds some species allied with Trogia.

Trogia as a genus

In spite of the criticism that I have lumped too many different kinds of fruit-body

into this genus, I am still unable to find any distinction sharp enough to separate them

into genera; there are in all cases intermediates and they cannot be ignored. Modern

taxonomy imposes humanistic limits which are shown, sooner or later as mycological

discovery progresses, to be unreal; its track is strewn with waste genera. In 7rogia the

one isolated feature is the asperulate spore of 7: pleurotoides. The asperulate spore,

as opposed to the smooth spore, is often taken to distinguish two genera without con-

sideration why the spore should be asperulate. In the case of Boletus and polypores,

I have found evidence that, as one might expect from its predominance in modern

basidiomycetes, the smooth spore has evolved from the ornamented and bitunicate

(Corner 1972, 1989). Ornamented and smooth, or nearly smooth, spores are admitted

for instance, in Jnocybe, Lepista, Melanoleuca, Ramaria and some genera of polypores.

Therefore, the asperulate spore may be expected in 7rogia.

INDECISIVE CHARACTERS 3

The ideas of Vanromburghia, based on Trogia silvestris, and of Inflatostereum, based

on a stereoid species of Trogia, are also vapid. The first is a mesopodal Trogia without

gills, but there may be traces of gill-folds about the stem-apex, and such gill-folds

are better developed, though also disappearing, in the allied 7? rosea, T. pallida and

T. macra (as here desribed), and similarly in 7 aphylla. There are enough microscopic

details among these five species to split off three microgenera, if no others were known,

but all link up with fully lamellate alliances. Gill-less species occur, for instance, in

Laccaria and the alliance of Marasmius without generic effect. The fruit-body of

Inflatostereum is not only devoid of gills but is pleuropodal or sessile and unilaterally

flabelliform; microscopically, it is toughly sarcotrimitic with thickening hymenium;

thus, it appears stereoid except for the inflating hyphae and, in T. rivulosa, the slightly

incurved margin of the pileus which is a relict agaric feature. Several species of Trogia,

as given in the keys, have variously simplified and narrowed gills to excentric, sublateral

and lateral stems, and among these 7. pleurotoides approaches in form and colour

what one would expect as ancestral to 7. stereoides. In parallel, there is the transition

from mesopodal 7. infundibuliformis through T. venulosa and T. subtranslucens to the

stereoid 7. cervina. The idea of Inflatostereum seems to have been achieved twice by

Trogia. The sarcotrimitic construction is incipient in the lamellate 7 obfuscata. The

thickening hymenium occurs in the gill-less 7. silvestris, the partly gilled JT rosea and

T, pallida, and in the lamellate 7. /ateralis and T. pleurotoides where it is most con-

spicuous in the gill-intervals. Thus, with loss of gills, the thickening hymenium may

compensate loss in spore-output, if that is material. The thickening hymenium appears

to be a primitive feature in basidiomycetes and traces may be expected in Trogia.

Indeed, I see in Trogia a genus no more varied than Thelephora with its transition from

fully clavarioid forms to mesopodal pileate, stereoid and fully resupinate, with or

without the pseudo-hydnoid hymenial papillae; the reason is that there are many species

bridging these humanistic distinctions. A natural genus is found, not dictated.

As some indecisive characters in 7rogia, I note the following: —

1. Pileus-shape, whether plane, umbonate or umbilicate to infundibuliform. These

differences can be specific but several species are variously intermediate. Why the

pileus should be umbonate in 7rogia is not known. In terricolous agarics it com-

monly results from the subterranean origin of the fruit-body with conical pileus

thrusting through the soil, but this cannot be the case with lignicolous fruit-bodies

of superficial origin.

2. Lateral stem. This distinguishes some species but in others the stem is sublateral

in that there is a small development of the pileus on the side towards the sub-

stratum. Some species are variable in the position of the stem, e.g. 7. decipiens

and 7. pleurotoides.

3. Gills, whether well-formed or pliciform. The first state seems to be the distinction

between Gerronema-Hydropus and Trogia as originally defined but some species

have both kinds of gill in the same pileus, e.g. 7) inaequalis (Pegler 1986), 7. macra,

T, pallida and T. rosea. In the fully laminate species the gills may be narrow in

some to fairly wide or very wide in others. Some care is needed, however, in the

use of this feature because the gills may begin to function when narrow and, then,

widen considerably by intercalary growth of the hymenium. In so doing, the at-

tachment of the gill may change from decurrent or adnate to sinuate and ventricose,

even adnexed, e.g. 7. fuliginea, T: revoluta. This widening, of course, thrusts the

limb of the pileus upwards and alters its shape.

4. Spores, amyloid or not. The reaction may be so weak that it is impossible to

decide, especially if some glycogen inside the spore gives a slight vinaceous brownish

colour, e.g. 7) aphylla var. solomonensis. In T. straminea the spores may or may

not be slightly amyloid. 7; impartita has pale amyloid spores but they are inamyloid

TROGIA AS A GENUS

in the very similar 7, raphanolens; likewise with the species-pairs 7. omphalinoides-

T. octava and T. tricholomatoides-T. latifolia. In T. alba the spores are not amyloid

but slightly so in its var. minor; similary, 7) ceraceomollis and its var. amylospora.

The amyloid reaction seems to be caused by a very thin coat of mucilage as a

remnant of an exospore.

. Cheilocystidia, as a sterile gill-edge or not. The variability of this feature is shown

by 7. subglobospora with sterile, partly and wholly fertile gill-edge. In some species

the cheilocystidia collapse early, even before sporing has begun, and mature fruit-

bodies appear to lack them.

. Pleurocystidia, present or absent. Their presence is a useful mark for numerous

species but in others they may be so sparse as easily to be overlooked, e.g. 7

calyculus, T: polyadelpha and T. subdistans; they may even be as evanescent as the

cheilocystidia. Then, 7: /imonosporoides has pleurocystidia and its ally 7. /imono-

spora lacks them; similarly 7) fuscoalba with T. subdistans and T. seriflua with

T. icterinoides. The thick-walled pleurocystidia of 7: fuscoalba var. metuloidea

suggest a good distinction but they are slightly thick-walled in several species, e.g.

T fuscolutea.

. Pileus-structure, with or without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. This is

also a useful character but it may be confined to the centre of the pileus and it

is variable in the complex of 7? umbrino-alba. Generally, the rugulose surface of

the pileus results from this hypodermis.

. Pileus-surface, with or without ‘rameales structure’. Such a surface is well-developed

in 7: marasmioides and T: subtomentosa, \ess so in T. venulosa and vestigial in its

ally 7. infundibuliformis.

. Fusiform cells. These are the long, inflating and, usually, thick-walled cells which,

in my monograph, I called the skeletal cells; they certainly support the fruit-

body. They may be limited to the stem or developed throughout the fruit-body or

variously extended into pileus and gills. They vary in length and width in every

species but in some they are noticeably very wide or long. It would be desirable

to test specific alliances by the maximum length of the fusiform cells but this is

difficult to ascertain because the longer are nearly impossible to extract without

breaking. I have not used the feature in the analytic keys.

. Sarcotrimitic construction. While this distinguishes most stereoid species, it is

present in varying degree in the stem if not also in the pileus, of some lamellate

species, e.g. 7. obfuscata.

Specific alliances. These are given under the specific descriptions. I note the following

more extensive alliances but, in the generality of the construction of the fruit-body and

in the uncertainty of the limits of the alliances, they are not separable as genera: —

With bluish green or fuliginous green fruit-bodies — 7. odorata, T: subviridis,

T. cyanea, T. pleurotoides and T. stereoides.

With lilaceous fruit-bodies without cystidia — 7. infundibulifomis, T: venulosa,

T. subtranslucens and stereoid 7. cervina.

With pleurocystidia — 7. aurantiphylla, T. fulvochracea, T: fuscolutea, T. silvestris,

T. rosea and T. macra, both the last with narrow gills or none.

Without pleurocystidia — 7: furcata and T. pallida.

Mycenoid — T. delicata, T- omphalinoides, T. revoluta.

With endocystidia — 7. endocystidiata, T. limonospora, T. limonosporoides.

Xerulaceae

In his recent contribution to the problem of 7rogia, Redhead places the genus

in a primitive position in the family Xerulaceae which has, as advanced members,

MERIPILUS 5

Oudemansiella and Mycena. His thesis is that the sarcodimitic construction advances,

or simplifies, into the monomitic with inflating hyphae as in Oudemansiella and the

inflating but secondarily septate as in Mycena. Inflatostereum may be a primitive stereoid

member of the family. Thus, 7rogia is supposed to be in the process of developing

stem, gills and centric pileus. This is quite contrary to my original view that Trogia

displayed the degeneration of the agaric into the gill-less and stereoid state (Corner

1966). I do not find this Xerulaceous argument at all convincing; a morphological series

can be read in either direction and time’s arrow is needed for evolutionary sequence.

The essence of the sarcodimitic state lies in the specialisation of tissue enlargement

by means of the fusiform cells and not in the conjunction of ordinarily enlarged and

unenlarged hyphae, for that is a monomitic construction, as I illustrated for Clavulinopsis

(Corner 1950). The clavarioid comparison is seen in Prerula which, if its long skeletal

cells inflated, would be sarcodimitic. I note that Redhead’s inclusion of Lentinus tigrinus

in the sarcodimitic category is misleading (Corner 1981). In complaining as others have

done, that I have lumped too many genera in 7rogia, Redhead prunes off without

explanation how this can be done and overlooks the bridging species. What he has left

in 7rogia is not clear. In any case, the fruit-bodies of this genus with thin flesh, hollow

stem, and small spores and basidia cannot be antecedent to those of Oudemansiella

with thick flesh, massive and solid stem, large spores and large basidia. The. construc-

tion of 7rogia reveals specialisation and not primitive evolution among its modern

species. Nevertheless, in his valuable contribution, Redhead indicates sarcodimitic

species in Baeospora, Clitocybula, Mycena s. |., and Xeromphalina. From my studies

of English species, I add Mycena crispata Kuehner and M. delectabilis (Peck) Kuehner,

both of which are placed in Hemimycena by Singer. They are small white species which

would come in Group D of my key on microscopic characters and near to 7. octava

and 7. exigua respectively. The interest lies in discovering how the temperate species

of Trogia fit in with the tropical.

Meripilus

This genus of polypores introduces a problem which, if it can be solved, will lead

to much better understanding of basidiomycetes. The fruit-bodies have the sarcodimitic

construction but, so far as known, consistently without clamp-connections (Corner

1984). Either Meripilus is a parallel evolution from a monomitic source of polypores,

such as the ancestry of Grifola might supply, or it is connected with the ancestry of

Trogia. My preference is to think of the pre-Preru/a and pre-Deflexu/a with inflating

hyphae whence an extinct hericioid ancestor might have diverged into the poroid

Meripilus and the lamellate Trogia. The only evidence that I can find for such a hericioid

ancestor lies in the microfibrillar flesh of M. giganteus, as if the fruit-body were com-

pounded of clavarioid branches. Parallel instances are Panus s. str. and Rigidoporus

with uninflated hyphae and Lentinus s. str. and Polyporus s. str. with their peculiar

hyphae.

Thus, I differ profoundly from Redhead’s view that /nflatostereum evolved into

Meripilus and Trogia. He gives no explanation how tubes (or gills) were evolved and

disregards the difference in basidia and spores in the case of Meripilus. That tubes may

variously degenerate in resupinate fungi with uninflated hyphae is no proof that they

were originally so easily evolved. Moreover, the idea that a stem is an advantage in

lignicolous basidiomycetes is not borne out by Hymenochaete, Stereum s. |., Thelephora

and polypores in general, or by the great abundance of resupinates. Already raised on

woody supports, the fruit-body does not require a stem.

It is to be noted that, in many species of Trogia, the caulocystidia and pileocystidia

form a close palisade or hymenioderm in the unexpanded fruit-body. Then, on expan-

sion, the layer becomes disrupted into the pruina-like clusters on the stem, the

6 HEIMIOMYCES

furfuraceous centre of the pileus, and the scattered pileocystidia over the limb. That

such a hymenioderm is the result of reduction from an original trichoderm is shown

by diverse genera, e.g. Boletus, Entoloma, Pluteus and Amauroderma. It is part of the

sterile cortication of the ancestral fruit-body, and the loss of the trichoderm is shown

in Meripilus. Thus, Trogia marasmioides and T. subtomentosa are relatively primitive

in this respect, parallel with 7richolomopsis. The state with smooth pileus, lacking

cystidia, is the advanced. So Oudemansiella and Xerula are more primitive in this

respect than most species of 7rogia.

Heimiomyces

The type-species of this genus, H. tenuipes (Schw.) A.H. Smith, is a frequent pan-

tropical fungus with which I have been acquainted since 1929, but it was not till some

years after I published the account of Trogia that I realised the Trogia-like construction

of the stem. The inner tissue of the hollow stem has long, fusiform clamped cells

8-28 pm wide, with thin or slightly thickened walls. They become subdivided by many

broad clampless secondary septa into cells 60-750 ym long. Unfortunately, I have not

had material young enough to reveal at what stage secondary septation begins or how

long the initial fusiform cells may be. Among these inflated cells there are many

uninflated hyphae, 2-5 um wide, with thickening walls and often branched from the

clamp; thus the stem is approaching the sarcotrimitic state. In contrast, the hyphae

of the pileus and gills are monomitic and uninflated with more or less mucilaginous

walls. Redhead gives the species, under the name Xeromphalina tenuipes, as sarcodimitic

‘in stipe, modified’. Thus, Heimiomyces might be regarded as a trichodermatous Trogia.

However, H. tenuipes has the acerose basidioles of Marasmius, which are absent from

Trogia, and the peculiar uninflated gelatinous tissue of the pileus which is also found

in the alliance of Marasmius. Until such fungi have been analysed more fully, I prefer

to keep Heimiomyces distinct. Xeromphalina lacks the acerose basidioles and has

monomitic short-celled hyphae with broad septa, inflating in all parts of the fruit-body,

as in Flammulina and Omphalina, though Flammulina may have some secondary

septation in the stem.

References

Corner, E.J.H. (1950). A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera. Ann. Bot. (London)

Mem. 1.

. (1966). A monograph of cantharelloid fungi. Ann. Bot. (London) Mem. 2.

. (1968). Mycology in the tropics. New Phytol. 67: 219-228.

. (1972). Studies in the basidium. Gdns’ Bull. Singapore 26: 159-194.

. (1981). The agaric genera Lentinus, Panus and Pleurotus. Nova Hedwigia,

beth. 69.

. (1984). Ad Polyporaceas III. Nova Hedwigia, beih. 78.

Pegler, D.N. (1977). A preliminary Agaric Flora of East Africa. Kew Bull. Additional

Series VI.

. (1983). Agaric Flora of the Lesser Antilles. Kew Bull. Additional Series LX.

. (1986). Agaric Flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bull. Additional Series XII.

Redhead, S.A. (1987). The Xerulaceae (Basidiomycetes), a family with sarcodimitic

tissue. Can. J. Bot. 65: 1551-1562.

Singer, R. (1975). The Agaricales in modern taxonomy. J. Cramer; Vaduz.

Trogia in tropical Asia and Australasia

KEY TO THE SPECIES ON MACROSCOPIC FEATURES

. Gills absent or as slight folds disappearing in the outer half of the pileus ............. Group A

. Gills present, not so disappearing.

DRE TCULO POM hae eee et ee oe ee ee ee ee tls Se ES 2 Group B p. 7

2. Mesopodal, varying excentric in some species.

3. Pileus orange or red, mostly small, —10 mm wide.

4. Pileus and stem orange. Gills decurrent, ochraceous. Ceylon ........ T. inaequalis p.

4. Pileus rose red. Stem white. Gills adnexed, pink. Borneo ............ T. carminea p.

3. Larger, differently coloured.

5. Pileus pinkish vinaceous, then pallid. Gills narrow.

6. Stem becoming hollow with the pileus pervious .......... T. infundibuliformis p.

Gee SLEMMNOL NOMOW PM SOLOMONMIS 6: ccecc os cs oie; oxo cy 2a res 52 aye ora be a ose weaniogs T. venulosa p.

5. Fuliginous green to indigo (see below).

7. Gills —0.5 mm wide. Mesopodal to pleuropodal .............. T. pleurotoides p.

7. Gills 1-3 mm wide, subdistant.

Se Smells Olranisceds SOLOMON NSlevas lc sce vs cee ee secs ss ee T. odorata p.

8. No such smell. Flesh of pileus agglutinated. Malay Peninsula

wu ate Hac Ny ere ee eb ORR RR OES acl eee T. cyanea p.

5. Differently coloured.

9. Stem or gills yellow. Pileus yellowish, often clouded fuscous or fuliginous, mostly concave

tonmiundibulitorme: Gills mostly dectitrent’ [22> 2.5. 4--¢- 2 s5s464- oe Group C p. 8

9. Gills and stem not yellow.

LOSeieuss brown tO 1nueiMOus- OF Prey ee cme ese reece aes eee see Group D p. 8

LO Pilevuscwinteron yeuowish) winter eee nie. see cc esses ec es Group E p. 9

Group A

1. Pleuropodal, flabelliform ascending, shortly stipitate to subsessile, stereoid.

2. Fuliginous olivaceous, at least towards the pileus margin ................. T. stereoides p. 73

DRmuUSCOUS WIth PICY NYINEMIUM cris noon oe acces ocee eee ee sete eee eres T. rivulosa p. 69

2. Brownish to ochraceous tan, sometimes with a mycelial skin spreading over the wood

eee a a re a= ae ws (ade cree sais eat state a tale cee lece Serie ood T. cervina p. 23

PerGrevish tinsed: vinaceous, subiransiucent ..2-. 0... eee acstaa esse eee T. subtranslucens p. 79

DMVIMILC EVEN ESIIANL | GENCALG panacea nte Seas soa ta aaa ah oon Dias eee T. minima p. 52

Mesopodal or, if pleuropodal, with slender stem (7: aphylla).

3. Pileus usually papillate-umbonate and rugulose.

Ara ENEUSEGUIMSON tOLrOSE-PID Kare seen an oe mee Se oem e ete a eee eeeeese T. rosea p. 69

4s Pyleus cinnamon: fawn to pale @chraceous =---=---.--st-- sesh reese mee T. silvestris p. 73

3. Pileus neither papillate nor rugulose.

5. Fuscous olivaceous to fuliginous yellowish, mostly without gills. Stem 0.5-1 mm thick

F OCIS BACON a ea Paria Enc O ais AC Stock eieain isla aetna ie ea ae Berar T. aphylla p. 18

5. Pileus pink, yellow or white, mostly with slight gill-folds.

6. Pileus —9 cm wide, pale clear yellow. Stem 2-4 mm thick .............. T. macra p. 47

Semstera d—lsSimpmisthicks cece eek ores coke cee Se hue GER ee T. pallida p.

Se. Stem O05 smmbthicks Pileus+2—=ssmm wide. .secencereee es - T. diminutiva p.

Group B

IeeBuliginousspreenito indigo Gillsiveny narrows. 4: sce" cnrresemiels seems ce T. pleurotoides p.

i= Pileusefascous: brownish. iGills: ochraceous... + pee seme 2s see es cree T. ochrophylla p.

6. Pileus smaller, not yellow.

7. Pale livid pink, subochraceous with age. Stem —8 x 2-3 mm, short

Saree oeare Sore S SSG Catan nS eke Ne ae Sis SMO ee Pte: areeyen: ihre’ ser. T. venulosa p.

7. Pallid white.

8 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

1. Yellowish white to white.

2. Stem sublateral, brownish at the base. Gills 0.5 mm wide ............... T. sublateralis p. 77

2. Stem truly lateral, not brown at the base.

Se Pileus#1=3imiiwides:Gillstasi2—4 afaintefoldss eee eerie eee T. minima p. 52

3. Larger.

4 Gills: —2.mmi Wide... ..c.. cee es Hod at eee eee T. lateralis p. 41

4 1Gills#2—44mmy wide: Stem vanyingacentrall ss. see einer eine ites T: marasmioides p. 50

Group C

1. Gills adnate to adnexed, mostly with clear yellow edge. Pileus papillate-umbonate.

2 GillssoraneestOsnichnyellowsSOlOn One| S lamer aereeteene er rae ee T. aurantiphylla p. 18

2. Gills white.

3. Gills —4 mm wide, edge yellow. Pileus with fuscous centre ............ T. fuscolutea p. 36

3. Gills —1.5 mm wide, not yellow. Pileus and stem yellow ................ T. papillata p. 63

1. Gills decurrent. Pileus not papillate-umbonate.

4. Small. Pileus —20 mm wide. Stem —1.5 mm thick. Gills —2 mm wide.

5. Pileus not fuscous, —12 mm wide.

6. Pileus primrose yellow, mesopodal. Gill-interstices subrugulose ...... T. primulina p. 65

6. Pileus pale ochraceous, excentric. Gills not veined. Stem brownish at the base

Seep A IG Sr AIG oes OOS SIS Sel oiata Soste ho ake a Grater T. sublateralis p. 77

5. Pileus fuscous in the centre. Gill-interstices not or scarcely veined.

7. Pileus —7 mm wide. Gills 0.5 mm wide, whitish.

8. Basidia 2-spored. Spores 7-9 x 5.5-7 um. Stem central to sublateral

3b gubuish guev'ee pod Sy feSeee iw Lglstenay tee aT isn ey egret del aa ow ATA e ee eR Oa Meee ee T. pusilla p. 66

82 ‘Basidia4-sporedsspOresy4—siy puri Oy Dayana nee een eee T. fuscomellea p. 37

7. Larger. Gills —2 mm wide, honey-yellow. Basidia 4-spored. Spores 7-9 um long

ee ere ONIN CaS OS e Ie AeA oo Sa gn os Mae oe oe a lr. mellea p. 50

4. Larger in all parts.

9. Pileus and stem greenish yellow. All parts reddening with potash. Ceylon

eee Om Ie eras COR SOG ONGOes Gt.c OOOOH IDC ROC OU SOO ne T. holochlora p. 38

9. Not so. Gill-interstices often veined to poroid-reticulate. Pileus fuscous to yellowish. Stem and

gills yellowish.

105 ‘Spores; subeloboses4—s- 5a eer re ere tee eee T. subglobospora vy. mellea p. 77

10. Spores ellipsoid.

11. Pileus with dark innate fibrils. Stem fuliginous pruinose ...... T. anthidepas p. 17

Is Without such fibrils on proinalesere eerie cee a eieeernein T. straminea p. 74

(Rileus with) tomate fib mils ieee eee ere ee eee eee T. aff. straminea p. 75)

(Stem white, yellowish in age. Gills grey then white ........ T. umbrino-alba p. 83)

Group D

1. Gills adnexed, sinuate or adnate, rather wide, rather crowded.

2. Smell@strones mitrouss Etleus iDLOWAlISHi ee areata eee niente er eee T. nitrosa p. 56

2. Not nitrous.

3. Gills 10-20 mm wide. Pileus 5-11 cm wide.

4. Pileus acutely umbonate, yellowish white clouded fuscous in the centre. Ceylon

eT eer ee ITS ao 25 6.6 OGRE tks op Gut T. tricholomatoides p. 83

4. Pileus subumbonate, pale fuscous brownish. Borneo ................. T. latifolia p. 43

3. Gills not so broad. Pileus not so large.

5. Pileus finely fibrilloso-squamulose to subtomentose, pale brownish subochraceous with

fUSCOUS A COMUNE lore iss 5 te 2e10.0:4. 60 epereire fe Lee epee Ee TERE T. subtomentosa p. 79

5. Pileus not subtomentose.

6. Pileus acutely umbonate, cinnamon ochraceous to fulvous fawn or fuscous grey. Stem

11) on ee oO eee Ce Orn St a ten Oe eA oo OS T. fulvochracea p. 31

6. Pileus umbonate or not, of dull colour.

7. Pileus greyish lilaceous. Stem 3-7 cm, —9 mm wide at the base. Smell farinaceous,

strong. Gills) =—7omm wide’.s..-- +o. oe aoe eee ae ee T. lilaceogrisea p. 44

KEY ON MACROSCOPIC FEATURES 3)

7. Pileus fuscous umber to greyish. Stem smaller. Gills usually narrower.

8. Pileus, stem and gills hispidulous. Smell farinaceous or none

SBC Mee eee ee ae ee ne ee eee T. hispidula p. 38

8. Pileus not hispidulous.

9. Pileus rugulose. Stem white. Gills greyish

Shs HES RE CaS ao er eee T. fulvochracea vy. fuscogrisea p. 32

9. Pileus not rugulose. Stem fuliginous pruinose. Gills white

JaSR ART Re ease Ree 22 eS roe ne T. mycenoides p. 53

1. Gills more or less deeply decurrent.

10. Stem sublateral, short. Pileus —25 mm wide, cinnamon brown to somewhat orange or ferruginous

+ Se ResSobgeme eS eh Ae Oh eee A eet ee eee ee T. tenax p. 81

10. Mesopodal. Pileus more or less infundibuliform.

11. Gills narrow 0.5-1 mm wide. Fruit-bodies small.

12. Pileus —6 mm wide, honey-yellow with fuscous centre. Stem yellow ... 7: fuscomellea p. 37

12. Pileus and stem not yellow.

13. Gills forked 1-3 times, 0.5 mm wide, subdistant ............... T. furcata p. 33

13. Gills not or rarely forked.

14. Pileus —11 mm wide, grey with innate grey-green streaks .. 7. calyculus p. 21

12> Pileystlarper: LuSCOUS UMIDEn..-c - .- - Soee es earn as os T. umbrino-alba p. 83

11. Gills wider.

15. Pileus with greenish or bluish tints.

16. Pileus fuliginous cyaneous. Gills and stem paler ............... T. cyanea p. 24

16. Pileus grey tinged greenish ochre. Gills and stem white ....... T. subviridis p. 80

15. Pileus not so tinted.

17. Stem fuscous or fuliginous pruinose.

18. Gill-edge fuscous fuliginous pruinose as the pileus and short stem

a ee te SE ae ee INE corer e tO DE, cla ci anesa T. brevipes p. 20

18. Gill-edge not darker pruinose.

19. Gills whitish, —2.5 mm wide. Stem whitish .......... T. fusciceps p. 33

19. Gills —6 mm wide, paler concolorous with the pileus

SE Se ee tae eas eles T. ceraceomollis p. 22

17. Stem whitish pruinose.

20. Uniformly grey, firmly waxy subgelatinous. Pileus —7 cm wide. Gills 2.5-6 mm

Wider Ree Saree: ce. RES ES ee wat T. subgelatinosa p. 75

20. Not so.

21. Spores subglobose 4-5.5 x 3-5 um. Gills 1-2 mm wide, white, interstices

OVO) Gaeta ee a rays J Soa so T. subglobospora p. 76

21. Spores ellipsoid.

22. Spores 4.5-5.5 x 2.7-3.3 ym. Gills —2.5 mm wide, thick, distant, white

ERICH LUSCOUS Wo seer ee a= Baca e ieee ciara es weiner = T. obfuscata p. 58

22. Spores larger. Gills 2-4 mm wide, interstices not or scarcely veined.

23. Pleurocystidia thick-walled .... 7: fuscoalba v. metuloidea p. 35

23. Pleurocystidia thin-walled.

24. Spores 8-10 x 6-7 um. Stem greyish .... 7. cystidiata p. 25

24. Spores 6-8 x 4.5-5S.5 um.

25. Gills 2-4 mm wide, subdistant ..... T. subdistans p. 75

25. Gills —2 mm wide, crowded, hispidulous. Pileus papillate-

UNI bONALC eet sae5 sere SS evens oe T. fuscoalba p. 34

Group E

1. All parts of the fruit-body blackening. Flesh with watery juice turning red or violaceous on exposure.

Gillsvadnate;1—2 mm: wide; very crowded. 2.7252 ce te 2 se Sa eebe eee cee ex T. nigrescens p. 54

1. Not blackening.

2. Gills free, adnexed or sinuate.

3. Pileus acutely umbonate.

4. Gills —1.5 mm wide, very crowded. Smell strong ...................-. T. papillata p. 63

10 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

4° Gillstmuchiwiders subdistant =e soee toe ee ee eee T. tricholomatoides p. 83

3. Not papillate-umbonate.

5. Gills in | rank, distant, adnexed or free. Pileus sulcate, delicate ....... T. delicata p. 26

5. Gills in 3-4 ranks, sinuate, crowded. Pileus firm, not sulcato-striate

Sie og bsinlove tebe ov ekewen ald vee tora vat es i MRP aia sea ayoaravane td a eee OPM eee aya T. endocystidiata p. 29

2. Adnato-decurrent to deeply decurrent.

6. Gills 0.5 mm wide. Pileus 2-20 mm wide.

7. Pileus acutely umbonate, —5 mm wide. Gills in 1 rank, often fold-like

ROC et eo TCE ICL oe OE: Oke cat og cao DET DRPOIS ROLES Co dco T: mammillata p. 49

7. Not so.

8. Gills in 1 rank, not forked.

9s Spores 4—5:5) pm) widesspalevamylotdie geese reas T. omphalinoides p. 61

(Not amyloid, see 7: octava).

9. Spores 3.5-4.3 x 2-2.3 wm, not amyloid. Smell nitrous ...... T. diminutiva p. 28

8. Gills in 2-3 ranks, often forked. Spores 2.5-3.5 wm wide, not amyloid

PE a OE On OAM oa doe ROTC. aD DOO sooo On OEM come Ee T. alba p. 16

6. Gills broader.

10. Pileus 4-9 cm wide, pale yellow, thin. Gills often fold-like, disappearing outwards

te ec eee as Cor Ear oe dome On AG ooo Oca nm aaa ook T. macra p. 47

10. Not so.

11. Flesh with copious watery juice. Stem more or less excentric ...... T. seriflua p. 70

11. Not so.

12. Pileus sulcato-striate.

13. Gills 2-6 mm wide in 2 ranks, thick. Stem —25 mm long 7: revoluta p. 68

13. Gills 1-2 mm wide, mostly 1 rank, edge fimbriate. Stem —11 mm long

PION ace tea RR Toye TOC cI Ca elie oie lg vib Ae T. polyadelpha p. 64

12. Not sulcato-striate.

14. Gills in 1(—2) ranks.

15. Spores 4.7-6 x 4.5-5 pm, not amyloid .............. T. exigua p. 31

Sin Sylow (G7) SC BIV/ELES) prio, BWC! 7 saeco ocaneoe T. impartita p. 40

15. Spores 6-9 x 4.5-6 wm, not amyloid ........... T. raphanolens p. 67

14. Gills in 2-4 ranks.

16. Base of stem with a fibrillose arachnoid felt. Spores pale amyloid

FS REO do OO aN Ole ER SS T. omphalinoides v. confertifolia p. 61

16. No such basal felt.

17. Cheilocystidia as a sterile gill-edge. Spore not amyloid.

[82 Pleurocystidias presente sense tsa earn enon T. decipiens p. 25

18. Pleurocystidia absent.

19S Gills lesen Wid elem eretetar ae seen T. limonospora p. 45

19% (Gills)2=4"mmni widew a.) > meena T. marasmioides p. 50

17. Cheilocystidia none or sparse; gill-edge fertile. Spores pale amyloid.

20. Pileus pale yellowish. Spores 5.5-6.5 wm wide T. icterinoides p. 39

20. Pileus white or greyish. Spores 3.5-5 um wide 7: impartita p. 40

KEY TO THE SPECIES ON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS

il,

2. Spores amyloid.

3. Fruit-bodies white

3, Fruitsbodiesncoloune dl. wcrc cie« axon cysheus ovara > cher here art eee Group C p. 13

2. Spores not amyloid.

4. Fruit-bodies white

4 BruitsbodiesnCoOlouneds . scij cee «hohe cis cPevtienel ote cr clone larapcl teers erecta erst enone rane eT aeRe Group E p. 14

Pleurocystidia present or, if without gills, then with hymenial cystidia ................. Group A

Pleurocystidia absent.

en oan Ter ie Nia Ne Bin ote, OO ie ona Ga Group B p. 12

ERAT Sor EE MPa ca 6 Sidi ds cainiion cioo.chaltes oe Group D p. 13

KEY ON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS ll

Group A

1. Fruit-bodies white, yellowish to pale ochraceous, in one species blackening. Gills well formed but often

sterile for some time. Pileus not umbonate, without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

2. Fruit-body blackening, exuding a watery juice turning red or violaceous, then blackening. Gills

adnate, very crowded, narrow. Spores 5-6 x 4-5 um, amyloid ............ T. nigrescens p. 54

2. Not blackening.

3. Flesh of

pileus with endocystidia. Spores not amyloid.

4. Gills sinuate, 2-4 mm wide. Cheilocystidia clavate to ventricose fusiform, appendaged. Spores

alae Se LITT Th ap ca it ln Oke gr Be ar Sd T. endocystidiata p. 29

4. Gills adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm wide. Cheilocystidia mostly with a subglobose apex. Spores

6.5-9

3. Without

PASS), PITA oe ee, ee ee. = SR EAT Pe Ba T. limonosporoides p. 46

endocystidia.

5. Pileus small, 7-15 mm wide. Stem very short, sublateral.

6. Spores 4 x 2.5 um, amyloid. Caulocystidia with pale brown walls, turning pink in KOH

Se ee RR neeeEG Sake as ss eR RSSe eee eee ees os T. sublateralis p. 77

6. Spores 7-9 x 3.5-4.5 um, ? not amyloid. Caulocystidia colourless. Gills —2 mm wide

Cee ee Ses sas ote e aeR ewe. Cee eS, T. decipiens v. pleurotella p. 26

5. Mesopodal or somewhat excentric.

7. Pileus shallowly sulcato-striate, —20 mm wide. Stem —10 x 1.5 mm. Secondary gills

fold-like. Spores 7-9 x 5.5-6.5 um, amyloid. Basidia 2-spored. Pleurocystidia sparse

ee SS ee: 5 Si AO ee SS CURR, 2 es T. polyadelpha p. 64

7. Not sulcato-striate. Secondary gills well developed. Basidia 4-spored.

Spores subglobose c. 6 x 5.5 um, amyloid. Tissue with stout oleiferous hyphae 8-20 um

wide, ending as hymenial cystidia. Stem usually excentric. Flesh with copious watery

UNC ee Stet ana ee eres oh PE Pe cee Ee ete, artes ee T. seriflua p. 70

Spores ellipsoid. Without such oleiferous hyphae.

9. Spores 6-9 x 4.5-5.5 um, not amyloid. Pileus —22 mm wide. Gills —2 mm wide.

Plenrocystidiatabundantiz aeons ee ee Oe ee ee es ee T. decipiens p. 25

9. Spores 5.5-7 x 2.7-3.5 um, very faintly amyloid. Pileus —8 mm wide. Gills —0.5 mm

wide. Pleurocystidia none but with scattered ends of oleiferous hyphae in the

Hy nremaieee. oo tae aa es So. es Se Ee ...2o T. alba v. minor p. 16

1. Pileus coloured or, if pale yellowish, then with a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis and fold-like gills

(7. macra). Spores not amyloid (except T- tenax).

10. Stem short, almost lateral. Wholly cinnamon fawn tinged orange. Pileus —25 mm wide. Spores

BA SGne-2- Sigunspale Amyloid 94/5 scs sek sn KOS AS es MS Sn SEG LO T. tenax p. 81

10. More or less mesopodal. Spores larger.

11. Pileus

umbonate or, if not, then the gills not decurrent; with a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis (except 7: subtomentosa). Gill-edge sterile.

12. Pileus acutely umbonate, often rugulose.

13.

. Gills absent or as slight folds. Spores 7-11 x 4-6 um.

A> Pileus. crimsonto'rese jpink(s 245: 32. Bee Sees Se Fak. ss SE T. rosea p. 69

14. Pileus brown, fuscous, ochraceous or greyish ............. T. silvestris p. 73

Gills well formed.

15. Spores globose 8-10 um. Gills orange to deep yellow. Solomon Isl.

a TL ASSESS FIEE. IGS, AS OP Be 8 88 T. aurantiphylla p. 18

15. Spores ellipsoid 6-9 x 4-6 um (except T. carminea).

16. Gills decurrent, crowded, 1-2 mm wide, white. Pileus pale fuscous umber.

Stemiwhite: 422. - 2. - eee eer ee ees. Sue eeo T. fuscoalba p. 34

(pleurocystidia thick-walled ..... levee 25 rt RGAE var. metuloidea)

16. Gills adnexed, adnate or subdecurrent, usually wider.

17. Pileus yellow with fuscous centre. Stem yellow. Gills white, edge yellow.

Pleurocystidia —200 um long with clavate apex 10-17 um wide

Shee ards otek terse ens Re eis ms wt. T. fuscolutea p. 36

17. Differently coloured. Gills without yellow edge.

18. Pileus —9 mm wide, rose-red. Gills nearly free. Stem white. Spores

Se e235 ps See oe beast ee ae T. carminea p. 21

12 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

18. Larger, differently coloured.

19. Pileus fulvous cinnamon to fawn ochraceous, fuscous or greyish.

Stemiewhite’, 2 Acct tavteey- cae enna «a T. fulvochracea p. 31

19. Pileus fuscous umber tinged lilaceous ... T. lilaceogrisea p. 44

12. Pileus not so strongly umbonate. Gills adnexed, adnate or subdecurrent.

20. Pileocystidia none. Caulocystidia —50 x 17 wm, widely clavate. Pileus —3 cm wide,

fuscous grey, stem) fuliginous prummoser. -- 4 escmiee ace cre el T. mycenoides p. 53

(smaller ypileusprosesredi= sae eke eee eee oe oe ee T. carminea)

20. Pileocystidia present. Caulocystidia longer, subclavate to ventricose.

21. Pileus subtomentose with septate hyphal ends, fawn ochraceous to fuscous or

sepia. Gills ventricose. Spores 5.5-7 x 4.2-5.5 um, slightly amyloid

FA AR) ahs Ee OO cei PPR OOS GENES 6S aoc T. subtomentosa p. 79

21. Pileus not subtomentose.

22. Pleurocystidia thick-walled. Pileus fuscous brown. Spores 7-9.5 x 4-5.5 um,

notvamyloide Ase. eee: T. fuscoalba v. metuloidea p. 35

22. Pleurocystidia thin-walled. Smell often farinaceous.

23. Pileocystidia —250 um long, with supporting hyphae at the base. Pileus

—3 cm wide, fuscous umber to fuscous ochraceous. Stem 1-3 mm thick

+ ageettiencatnGGue vie tens Peay ers captors ope ap vars ees... T. hispidula p. 38

23. Pileocystidia shorter, not so supported. Pileus —9 cm wide, fuscous

vinaceous to greyish lilac. Stem 2-7 mm thick. Smell strong

weld . Len wemeshe 206, adstere CR « SNe T. lilaceogrisea p. 44

11. Pileus infundibuliform, not umbonate. Gills usually deeply decurrent.

24. Wholly pale yellowish. Pileus 3-9 cm wide, thin. Gills 0.5-1.5 mm wide, often fold-like,

edge fertilesisporessd—l 0-425 Oy ae ieee eee T. macra p. 47

24. Not so. Gill-edge with cheilocystidia. Pileus fuscous, greyish brownish or greenish.

25. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. Spores ellipsoid.

26. Pileus —10 mm wide. Pleurocystidia scarce. Cheilocystidia mostly clavate as a

Sterileyedgem Spores!6=765) >e4—Siym eee eee T. calyculus p. 21

26. Larger. Cheilocystidia ventricose lanceolate, not as a sterile edge. Spores larger.

27. Pileus grey green. Gills —3 mm wide. Spores 7-10 x 4-5 um, not amyloid

5.2L AD GRRL EAS ee ee ee eee, BE T. subviridis p. 80

27. Pileus fuscous. Gills 0.5 mm wide, often forked. Spores 8-10 x 6.5-8.5 ym,

palecamyloidwan. C292 Se ee NP T. furcata p. 33

25. Pileus with a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis, not greenish.

28. Spores 8-10 x 6-7 um, ellipsoid. Cheilocystidia more or less ventricose. Flesh

Waxy-soft, tough) therpills/ secre eee ele ree eee T. cystidiata p. 25

28. Spores 6-8 x 5.2-7 wm, subglobose. Cheilocystidia mostly clavate. Flesh tough,

subgelatinous. Lignicolous or humicolous ........... T. subgelatinosa p. 75

Group B

1. Gills none or as slight folds not reaching the stem. Hymenium thickening. Cystidia none. Pileus

—]5 mimi Wides Spores: d—8:9) e429 —O 9 Mile seyeeeeee) eevee te eeade sesiarais ini eestepeenes <a oe T. pallida p. 62

1. Gills distinct. Hymenium not thickening.

2. Pileus 1-S cm wide, sulcato-striate, delicate. Stem —7 cm long, base subbulbous. Gills adnexed or

free, 1 rank, 1-6 mm wide. Spores 6.5-8.5 x 5-7.5 wm. Fragile ............. T. delicata p. 26

Without such character; texture firmly waxy.

3. Cheilocystidia forming a sterile gill-edge.

4. Pileus —4cm wide, sulcato-striate. Gills decurrent, then widening and adnate to adnexed,

2-6 mm wide, thick, veined at the base. Spores 5.7-6.7 x 5-6.3 wm .................-

Ben EE AR ORS Ra. 2 ee Dc ere Cie rte eee T. revoluta p. 68

4. Pileus 4-20 mm wide, not sulcato-striate. Gills decurrent, 0.5-1.5 mm wide, not or scarcely

veined at the base.

5. Spores 5.5-7 x 2.7-3.5 um, ? amyloid. Pileus —8 mm wide. Gills crowded, 14-18 primaries,

FIST C1 Co ee eae ent A PA nao aslo as oar Aino Seago T. alba v. minor p. 16

KEY ON MICROSCOPIC FEATURES 13

5. Spores 5-7 x 3.7-5.5 pm, pale amyloid. Pileus 4-20 mm wide. Gills distant or rather

Crowded ia ke of 8%. gd: 2sise apse et). < - Sh T. omphalinoides p. 61

3. Cheilocystidia sparse or none.

6. Wholly pale cream to pale bistre ochraceous. Pileus —22 mm wide. Spores 6-7 x 5.5-6.5 um,

subglobose. Cheilocystidia —18 wm wide, clavate ................. T. icterinoides p. 39

6. White to pale yellowish or pale grey. Spores 5.5-8 x 3.5-5.2 um, ellipsoid. Cheilocystidia,

if present, generally narrower.

7. Pileus —5 mm wide, acutely umbonate. Cystidia none ......... T. mammillata p. 49

7. Pileus not umbonate, usually larger. Cystidia sparse or none ...... T. impartita p. 40

Group C

1. Cheilocystidia absent.

2. Pileus —8 cm wide, strongly umbonate, pale yellowish clouded fuscous in the centre. Stem white,

—7 mm thick. Gills —15 mm wide, usually emarginate, white to yellowish. Spores 5-6.5 x 4.7-5.2 um.

MOON eee ee ie = ects = ate orice une ese ie Ss Seas ms ayoye se clele, Sais ey As arses. 6 T. tricholomatoides p. 83

2. Pileus not umbonate, 2-6 cm wide. Gills not so wide.

3. Spores subglobose.

4. Spores 6-7 ym. Wholly cream drab to pale bistre ochraceous ...... T. icterinoides p. 39

4. Spores 4-5.5 ym. Fuscous or fuliginous brown fading greyish white

SSA Be 2 oe ee One Ee ae ae OU ie ae re ieee eee T. subglobospora p. 76

3. Spores ellipsoid 6-8.5 x 4-5.5 um.

5. Gills citron yellow, 2-3 mm wide, often furcate, not veined. Pileus and stem fuscous yellow.

ROMCETIS ANIC Mee ts SO ree eee Ne ee ee ee re ae ee oe T. aff. straminea p. 75

5. Gills white, 3-6 mm wide, shallowly veined or reticulate at the base. Pileus sepia brown then

paler. Stem greyish to brownish .................- T. ceraceomollis v. amylospora p. 22

1. Cheilocystidia present, sparse to abundant or as a sterile gill-edge.

6. Spores 4.3-5.5 x 2.7-3.3 um. Pileus —28 mm wide, fawn drab. Gills white, then fuscous cream,

shallowly reticulate at the base. Cheilocystidia mostly clavate. Hyphae sarcotrimitic

a+ tn tls Soe Sa area te ons ee aera ee Sea T. obfuscata p. 58

6. Spores longer, wider or subglobose.

7. Gills adnexed, pale fawn brown to brownish honey-colour as the pileus 1-5 cm wide. Smell strong

BILFONS SE SPOLCSH=7 | PX 4 SSN MITN Sree eke SEP ee Fe Oe eee SOUS sob sisiewig T. nitrosa p. 56

7. Gills adnate to decurrent. Smell not nitrous.

8. Spores 8-10 x 6.5-8.5 um. Pileus —25 mm wide, fuscous as the stem. Gills 0.5 mm wide,

2-3 times furcate, white. Cheilocystidia as sterile basidia .............. T. furcata p. 33

8. Spores smaller.

9. Spores ellipsoid, 6-7 * 3.5-4.3 ym. Pileus —35 mm wide, pale greyish white. Stem and

OHISEWIN Caen mircteeke es oe en ene eee On ok oe ces T. impartita v. griseola p. 40

9. Spores subglobose.

10. Spores 6-7 pm. Fruit-body pale cream or ochraceous drab. Cheilocystidia —18 ym

WidessmoOSthusClavale SCALCIEG set et seas tae anes T. icterinoides p. 39

10. Spores 4-5.5 um. Pileus and stem fuscous fuliginous or fuscous brown, fading greyish

white. Gills white, poroid reticulate at the base. Cheilocystidia —30 x 4-9(—14) um,

clavate to subventricose, scattered or as a sterile gill-edge

Fo Lae SE TOR ES ICO FIA ae. SAG SEER aaa ae ae T. subglobospora p. 76

(Erit-bodyasntiused =vellowisiescre eet ts cote colt cence ne oe v. mellea)

Group D

1. Gills crowded in 3-4 ranks, mostly more than 20 primaries, —1.5 mm wide. Stem 1-2 mm thick.

2. Gills adnexed, 45-60 primaries. Pileus —28 mm wide, papillate-umbonate, yellowish white. Stem

20-48 mm long. Spores 4-4.5 x 3-3.5 wm. Cheilocystidia none ............ T. papillata p. 63

2. Gills subdecurrent.

3. Pileus with endocystidia. Gill primaries 22-24. Spores 8-11 x 4.5-5.5 um

Rape se oranda sol SA ie Oe Eo Nein conor cee oe T. limonospora p. 45

14 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

3. Without endocystidia.

4. Gill primaries 28-34, —0.5 mm wide. Spores 5-6 x 2.5-3.5 ym .......... T. alba p. 16

4. Gill primaries 10-16, 2-4 mm wide. Stem varying short and lateral. Spores 6-8 x 4-4.7 um

Ded GRIER SL a ee re ee ee ee ee T. marasmioides p. 50

1. Gills more or less distant in I-2(-3) ranks, less than 20 primaries. Without endocystidia. Stem

0.3-1(-1.5) mm thick.

5. Cheilocystidia present.

6. Cheilocystidia mostly over 50 zm long, more or less ventricose. Pileus 3-15 mm wide. Gills with

11-18 primaries.

7. Smell of radish. Spores 6-9 x 4.5-6 um. Gills 1-2 mm wide ...... T. raphanolens p. 67

7. Smell none. Spores 5.5-7 x 2.7-3.5 wm. Gills —0.5 mm wide .... 7. alba v. minor p. 16

6. Cheilocystidia shorter.

8. Stem lateral, 2-3 x 1 mm. Pileus —12 mm wide, convex with a mucilaginous upper layer.

Spores 6-7.5 x 4-4.5 um. Cheilocystidia as a sterile edge ............. T. lateralis p. 41

8. Stem central, longer. Pileus without a mucilaginous layer.

9. Spores 4.7-6 x 4.5-5 ym. Cheilocystidia as a more or less sterile gill-edge. Pileus 10-30 mm

wide= Gillsprimantes: S—lilen1—4 ania Wild Guarana aetna ee T. exigua p. 31

9. Spores 3.5-4.3 x 2-2.3 wm. Cheilocystidia sparse. Pileus 2-5 mm wide. Gill primaries

12-18, 0.3 mm wide or fold-like. Smell nitrous ................. T. diminutiva p. 28

5. Cheilocystidia absent.

10. Stem central. Pileus 8-12 mm wide. Gill primaries 9-13, 0.5 mm wide. Spores 4-5.5 x 3-4 nm

REN TREO oy Oo ne CP Oe en ee ee ont 6 EOE Oo OO en Cee T. octava p. 59

10. Stem lateral, | x 0.3 mm. Pileus 1-3 mm wide, subcucullate. Gills as 2-4 slight folds. Spores

(OLD ee. Ses Pei ee Seo Oe ON mee ce eos cook oe Ooo odcmomone we T. minima p. 52

Group E

1. Fruit-body bluish or greenish, often more or less fuliginous.

2. Stereoid, pleuropodal, without gills, sarcotrimitic. Spores 4.7-5.5 x 3-3.5 um

aR Ee Rare erry Shan en ring i re ene cr LY ea chr Amin Dicom Blais T. stereoides p. 73

2. Gills distinct, decurrent.

3. Gills 0.5 mm wide, very crowded. Fruit-body centric to pleuropodal. Spores 4.5-5.5 x 3-4.3 um,

Ej ola (UE ern o mits. Rann ceME aos oaseE eed acm band T. pleurotoides p. 64

3. Gills wider. 1-3 mm (except 7: calyculus). Mesopodal. Spores smooth.

4. Spores 4-4.7 x 3.5-4 pm. Fruit-body dark fuliginous indigo in age, smelling of aniseed.

Cheilocystidia as sterile basidia. Caulocystidia brown-walled ........... T. odorata p. 60

4. Spores 6-8 x 4.5-5 um. Cheilocystidia distinct. Fruit-bodies fading in age.

5. Pileus —35 mm wide, at first fuliginous cyaneous. Gills 1-3 mm wide

ee ee a iis i RI CISP mena OO ara po du ere Gm SOREN T. cyanea p. 24

5. Pileus —12 mm wide, grey with green streaks. Gills narrower ...... T. calyculus p. 21

1. Fruit-bodies not bluish or greenish.

6. Hymenium smooth or with slight folds.

7. Mesopodal or, if occasionally pleuropodal, with slender stem.

8. Spores 3.7-4.5 x 3-3.5 ym. Fruit-bodies fuliginous yellowish to fuscous olivaceous or

yellowish drab, infundibuliform varying flabelliform .................. T. aphylla p. 18

8. Spores 7-10 x 5-6 um. Fruit-body livid pink, gill-folds slight ........ T. venulosa p. 85

7. Pleuropodal with short stem or sessile, stereoid, sarcotrimitic.

9. Spores 6-9.5 x 4-5 pm.

10. Fawn to subochraceous tan, sometimes with a mycelial skin spreading over the wood

Se ee Re ans Cid ck er Deer oo. bo 5.0 OL oO he T. cervina p. 23

LOS Palevereyishwlivid stingedivinaceOusi. see eee serene rier T. subtranslucens p. 79

9. Spores 5-6 x 3-4 pum.

11. Fuliginous olivaceous. Hymenium bluish green towards the margin of the pileus

Suita, Sahel 0% Rha a Serer ORR Ae eee T. stereoides p. 73

[ieeBuscous--ELymeniumeerey) x. sce reenter ae ee nere eens ere T. rivulosa p. 69.

KEY ON MICROSCOPIC CHARACTERS 15

6. Gills distinct.

12. Pleuropodal, small.

13. Gills whitish, edge sterile with cheilocystidia. Pileus yellowish white. Spores 6-7.5 x 4-4.5 ym

I an Be ee ai exch aSo Ws oles coke We /er8 sie T. lateralis p. 41

13. Gills ochraceous or yellowish without cheilocystidia.

14. Gills bright ochraceous. Pileus fuscous brown. Spores 5-7 x 2.5-3 ym

eR Be a Se A es BOS SO eS Ee Nee Sie Sci speis T. ochrophylla p. 58

14. Gills dingy honey-yellow. Pileus honey-yellowish flecked fuliginous in the centre.

SPOLeESA 8 Ore PRN oe oe ae Sc a ee T. pusilla vy. sublateralis p. 66

12. Mesopodal.

15. Pileus and stem orange. Gills —1 mm wide, ochraceous. Spores 6-8 x 3.5-4.5 um. Ceylon

She Sa arate Stahare 2 Sie aise = Sj Stare e tegen ro a peal erie ee ose T. inaequalis p. 41

15. Pileus pink, lilac or vinaceous, infundibuliform with narrow gills. Hymenial cystidia

absent. (See below).

16. Pileus becoming pervious to the hollow stem. Gills —1 mm wide. Spores 7-8.5 x

4.7-6 um. Caulocystidia scarcely developed ........... T. infundibuliformis p. 41

16. Pileus not pervious, stem stuffed. Gill-folds —0.2 mm wide. Caulo- and pileo-cystidia

well developed. Spores similar, —10 pm long ................. T. venulosa p. 85

15. Fruit-body fuliginous, grey, brown or yellow.

17. Fruit-body without yellow colour, except the white stem turning ochraceous in age in

T. umbrino-alba.

18. Stem fuscous fuliginous pruinose.

19. Basidia 4-spored. Hyphae clamped.

20. Gills crowded, 1-2 mm wide, with fuliginous sterile edge. Spores 7-9 x

T_ ON ae cote a tee eee RT ee Bc cee eee T. brevipes p. 20

20. Gills more or less distant, 2-5 mm wide, fertile edge not darker. Spores

GS OG4a Se me eS Se T. ceraceomollis p. 22

19. Basidia 2-spored. Hyphae without clamps. Gills 1-2.5 mm wide, edge not

fuliginous.

21. Spores 9-11.5 « 7.5-10 um. Cheilocystidia none

nee Ciay doce eceeg as aevaaresciags ease tea axe = T. ceraceomollis v. bispora p. 23

21. Spores 4.5-7 x 3.7-5 yum. Cheilocystidia present .. 7: fusciceps p. 33

18. Stem white pruinose, or fuliginous only at the base.

22. Cheilocystidia present, often as a sterile gill-edge.

23. Gills 2-4 mm wide. Pileus 10-35 mm wide. Spores 6.5-8 x 4.5-5.5 pm

Seackip at sii PP es nd i taeda oie eek T. subdistans p. 75

23. Gills 0.5-1.5 mm wide. Pileus 2-20 mm wide.

24. Pileus fuscous umber. Stem white, yellowish in age. Oleiferous hyphae

abundant. Spores 7-8 x 4.5-S wm ....... T. umbrino-alba p. 83

24. Pileus pale grey with innate grey-green fibrils. Stem fuscous fuliginous

pruinose at the base. Spores 6-7.5 x 4-5 um .. T. calyculus p. 21

22. Cheilocystidia absent. Gills more than 10 mm wide, emarginate-adnate. Pileus

8-11 cm wide.

25. Pileus acutely umbonate, pallid yellowish clouded fuscous in the centre.

Spores.6)5<¢-5) pure Geylonye . --2- soe creer T. tricholomatoides p. 83

25. Pileus subumbonate, pale fuscous brown. Spores 5.5-7 x 3.5-4 um.

SYS TTS estes Rn? ae ei ee I es ee a T. latifolia p. 43

17. Fruit-body more or less yellow.

26. Tissue reddening strongly in KOH. Pileus greenish yellow with fuscous streaks.

Spores) 6—8:9 14'S S<7 ome, Ceylon. saa otis aad seas T. holochlora p. 38

26. Tissue not or slightly reddening in KOH.

27. Cheilocystidia absent.

28. Gills adnexed, white. Pileus papillate-umbonate, yellowish white. Spores

gL Oi 5 es ES sof 711) Uae eae er Sie en oe eer T. papillata p. 63

28. Gills adnate to decurrent.

29. Pileus —7 mm wide, central to sublateral, fuscous grey then yellowish

honey-colour. Stem and gills yellowish. Spores 7-9 x 5.5-7 um.

Basidia 2-spored, without clamps ............... T. pusilla p. 66

16 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

29. Pileus larger, 1-5 cm wide. Basidia 4-spored.

30. Gills and stem rufescent on bruising. Flesh with watery juice.

Pileus fuliginous olivaceous. Stem and gills yellowish honey-

colour. Caulocystidia with brown walls. Spores 7-10 x 4.5-6 wm

or 5.5-7.5 x 3.3-4 um. (Vv. parvispora)

Bei erie enriasi gh nena ice yc finn Atle T. subrufescens p. 93

30. Not so. Fruit-body pale yellow. Pileocystidia 30-120 x 12-30 um.

SPOKES: WS) Xe ZSIAG 0 socdecosceacvens T. straminea p. 74

27. Cheilocystidia present.

31. Spores 4-5 x 3-3.5 um. Pileus —6 mm wide. Gill intervals not veined

at oy svauthone aeRO ese oa kone ciaanac car skereae teres coe ee T. fuscomellea p. 37

31. Spores 7-11 x 4-6 um.

32. Cheilocystidia forming a broad sterile gill-edge. Pileus 4-23 mm wide.

Gill intervals not or scarcely veined ............. T. mellea p. 50

32. Gill-edge becoming fertile with scattered cheilocystidia. Gill intervals

becoming reticulately veined.

33. Fruit-body wholly pale yellow. Gills distant, —1 mm wide. Basidia

MLOStlyM2-SPOledwaem cease itera er T. primulina p. 65

33. Pileus fuscous or fuliginous in the centre, with innate dark

streaks. Gills 2-6 mm wide. Stem fuscous pruinose. Basidia

mostlywa=sporedinvenem erie peters eee T. anthidepas p. 17

T. alba Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 195, 95, f. 93a.

Fruit-bodies white, yellowish in age. Pileus 8-20 mm wide, plano-convex to sub-

infundibuliform, smooth, striate, drying subpruinose; margin incurved, pruinoso-

puberulous, subcrenulate. Stem 20-30 x 1.5-2 mm, cylindric, hollow, base abrupt,

fibrilloso-arachnoid, apex pruinoso-fibrillose, softly cartilaginous. Gills decurrent,

narrow, crowded, often forked, transversely rugulose in the interstices, 28-34 primaries

0.5 mm wide, 3-4 ranks. Flesh hygrophanous, slightly tough in the gills. Smell none.

On dead wood in the forest. Singapore (Bukit Timah).

Spores 5-6 x 2.5-3.5 ym, not amyloid. Basidia 27-32 x 6.5-7.5 wm; sterigmata

(2-)4, 3.5-4.5 wm long. Cheilocystidia 25-35 x 3-10 wm, subcylindric, subclavate

or subventricose, mostly with slender filiform apex 1-2 um wide, sparse, not as a

sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia 10-50 x 4-10 pm, as the cheilo-

cystidia, or —45 x 2-3.5 wm and cylindric. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, in a

disrupted layer. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 300-2000 x 10-30 wm, wall —1 um

thick; oleiferous hyphae 3-4 um wide, few. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis.

var. brasiliensis v. nov.

(see p. 88)

var. minor var. nov. Figure |

Different statu minori, lamellis subdistantibus, interstitiis haud rugulosis, cheilocystidia plerumque in

acie sterili instructs. Ad truncum delapsum in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Kolombangara, 23 Aug. 1965,

RSS 1022; herb. Corner.

Pileus 5-8 mm wide. Stem 8-18 x 0.5-0.8 mm. Gills adnato-decurrent, subdistant,

14-18 primaries 0.5 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, often irregular, with smooth intervals. Spores

5.5-7 x 2.7-3.5 um, possibly very faintly amyloid. Basidia 18-22 x 4.5-5.5 um;

sterigmata 4, 5 um long. Cheilocystidia 30-70 x 6-10 ~m, more or less ventricose with

obtuse apex, varying clavate, many with yellowish opalescent contents, often surrounded

Fig. 1. Trogia alba var. minor. Fruit-body, x 2.

Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia (above) and

caulocystidia, x 500. Collection RSS 1022.

with hyphal processes 1-2 »m wide from the subhymenium. Pleurocystidia none, but

with scattered ends of oleiferous hyphae in the hymenium. Caulocystidia —35 x

3-9 ym, as the cheilocystidia but shorter and without appendage, with somewhat

yellowish opalescent contents, becoming more or less invested with branched or lobulate

processes 1-2 ym wide from the superficial hyphae of the stem. Pileocystidia as the

caulocystidia, scattered. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —1200 x 6-20 um in the stem,

—30 pm wide in the pileus; oleiferous hyphae frequent in the pileus and gills, with

tapered or subclavate ends in the hymenium and on the pileus.

As originally noted, this species is close to the north temperate 7. gypsea, which

is placed in Hemimycena by Singer. It is, also, close to 7. infundibuliformis. Unfor-

tunately, I have only a single collection each of the typical state and the two varieties.

Var. minor seems, at first, to be a distinct species but var. brasiliensis combines the

features of var. minor and var. alba.

T. anthidepas (Berk. et Br.) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 195, f. 83, 89-92, 96; pl. 4 F, G.

Hydropus anthidepas (Berk. et Br.) Singer (1975) 400; Pegler, Agaric Fl. Sri Lanka (1986) 186.

var. anthidepas

Stem fuscous pruinose. Gills light yellow. Spores 6-10 « 3.5-5.5 um. Tropical Asia

and America.

var. brasiliensis var. nov.

Stipes albopruinosus. Lamellae luride ochraceoflavae. Sporae 7.5-8.5 x 3-3.5 um. Brazil, Mato Grosso,

pr. Chavantina, 31 Jan. 1968, Corner s.n.; herb. Corner.

(see p. 88).

var. saturatior Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 196, f. 97; pl. 4e.

As var. anthidepas but with densely fuscous pruinose pileus and stem. Singapore.

18 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

For this species, which seems to be pantropical and not uncommon, I refer to my

description and illustrations in 1966. Though referred to Hydropus by Singer and Pegler,

I cannot see any generic difference from Gerronema, placed in another tribe, to which

the closely allied 7: icterina is referred.

T. aphylla Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 198, f. 99.

Fruit-bodies entirely pale fuliginous yellowish to fuscous olivaceous, sometimes merely

yellowish isabelline, turning brown in decay. Pileus 10-30 mm wide, mostly centric and

infundibuliform but occasionally lateral and flabelliform, smooth, with innate radiating

fuliginous or brownish streaks; margin slightly incurved at first, minutely crenulate.

Stem 8-12 x 0.5-1 mm, —1.5 mm at the abrupt and slightly swollen base, cylindric

or compressed, solid or fistulose, smooth or sparsely fuscous pruinose, often rather

greenish. Hymenium smooth, shortly decurrent, without gills. Flesh 0.2-0.4 mm thick

in the pileus, rather tough and pliant. Smell none.

On very rotten wood in the forest. Malay Peninsula (Pahang, Singapore).

Spores 3.7-4.5 x 3-3.5 um, not amyloid. Basidia 25-30 x 4-5 ym; sterigmata 2-4,

4 wm long. Cystidia none. Hymenium not or slightly thickening. Caulocystidia —35

x 5-12 um, subclavate, with fuscous sap, sparse. Pileocystidia —10 x 3-5 um in the

centre of the pileus, sparse. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 100-1200 x 5-12 ym in

the stem, —25 um in the pileus, walls —1.5 »m thick. Surface of pileus with radiating

hyphae, with fuscous sap and yellowish walls; no pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

var. solomonensis var. nov.

Differt hymenio saepe lamellis 7-12 pliciformibus praedito, sporis subglobosis, cellulis fusiformibus

longioribus. Ad lignum putridum in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Kolombangara 400 m alt., 8 Sept. 1965,

RSS 1340; herb. Corner.

Pileus —25 mm wide, pale sordid ochraceous to isabelline, centre with short innate

fuscous streaks. Stem —11 x 1 mm. Hymenium smooth or with 7-12 slight gill-folds

near the stem. Spores 3.5-4.2 x 3-3.7 um, subglobose, not amyloid or very faintly

violaceous brown from disperse glycogen in the cytoplasm. Basidia 27-35 = 5-5.5 um;

sterigmata 4, 4-5 wm long. Hymenium slightly thickening —60 ym. Fusiform cells

—2000 x 28 um, walls 1-2 ~m thick; narrow hyphae in the stem 2-4 »m wide with

somewhat thickened binding processes; oleiferous hyphae 2-4 «m wide, rarely branched,

scattered.

This species would qualify for Vanromburghia but, without pleurocystidia or hypo-

dermal pseudoparenchyma to the pileus, it links with another group of Trogia com-

pared with 7. silvestris. Thus, T. fuscata with larger spores is close. The slight gill-folds

in var. solomonensis are certainly not the evolutionary beginnings of agaric gills, but

their relics. Compare, 7? obfuscata.

Trogia aurantiphylla sp. nov. Figure 2

Pileus —25 mm latus, convexus dein conicus, papillato-umbonatus, radiatim rugulosus, subviscidus,

cervinoluteus fuscoluteus vel livido-aurantiacus, marginem versus claro luteus. Stipes 15-50 x 1-2.5 mm,

basi abrupto 2-4 mm subdilatato, fistulosus pruinosulus luteus. Lamellae adnatae, ascendentes vel uncinato-

adnexae, dein ventricosae, subdistantes, 18-23 primariae —5 mm latae, ordinibus 3(-4), haud venosae,

aurantiacae vel alte flavae, Caro in umbone 2.5-6 mm crassa, ceracea firma hygrophana scissilis, in stipite

lamellisque subcornea. Odor nullus. Sporae 8-10.5 pm latae, subglobosae, intus oleaginosae, inamyloideae.

Basidia 40-55 x 9-10 um; sterigmata 4, 5 pm longa. Cheilocystidia —90 x 8-12 um, ventricosa, apice

elongato —60 x 4-8 jm, primo in acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia —130 x 19 um, ut cheilocystidia,

copiosa. Caulocystidia —70 x 8-20 .m, subcylindrica, clavata vel ventricosa, copiosa. Pileocystidia —50

Fig. 2. Trogia aurantiphylla. Fruit-body, «x 1%. Spores, x 1000.

Cheilocystidia and pleurocystidia (right), x 500. Collection,

RSS 1573.

x 5-10 um. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 300-2000 x 10-30 um, tunicis —1 »m

crassis. Ad lignum ramosque dejectos in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Guadalcanal, Mt. Popomanasiu

1700-2200 m alt., 24-26 Oct. 1965, RSS 1573 (typus), 1573A, 1573B; herb. Corner.

Pileus —25 mm wide, convex to conical, papillate-umbonate, radially rugulose from

the umbo, subviscid, fawn yellow, fuscous yellow or livid orange with clear yellow striate

margin exceeding the gills. Stem 15-50 x 1-2.5 mm, 2-4 mm at the somewhat inflated

abrupt base, cartilaginous, hollow, canary yellow, finely pruinose. Gills ascending ad-

nate or uncinate-adnexed, becoming ventricose, subdistant, 18-23 primaries —5 mm

wide, 3(-4) ranks, not veined, orange yellow to deep chrome yellow with clear yellow

edge. Flesh 2.5-6 mm thick in the umbo, waxy-firm, watery, scissile, rather horny in

the stem and gills. Smell none.

On sticks, fallen branches and bits of wood in the forest. Solomon Islands, Guadal-

canal, Mt. Popomanasiu 1700-2200 m alt.

Spores 8-10.5 ~m wide, more or less globose, smooth, with oleaginous contents

(? guttulate when fresh), not amyloid. Basidia 40-55 x 9-10 um; sterigmata 4, 5 pm

long. Cheilocystidia —90 x 8-12 »m, ventricose with prolonged cylindric obtuse apex

—60 x 4-8 um, at first as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia —130 x 19 um, as the

cheilocystidia, projecting —70 um, not guttulate, abundant. Caulocystidia —70 x

8-20 um, clavate to subcylindric-ventricose, thin-walled, vacuolate, abundant. Pileo-

cystidia —SO x 5-10 um, as out-turned ends of the superficial radiating hyphae or

as short processes from them, obtuse, thin-walled, rather crowded over the umbo,

scattered over the limb, not in a palisade. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells

300-2000 x 10-30 um, walls —1 um thick. Surface of pileus with a compact pseudo-

parenchymatous hypodermis overlain by a submucilaginous layer —100 »m thick com-

posed of narrow radiating hyphae 3-7 um wide.

If it were not for the large globose spores, this could be regarded as a variety of

T. fulvochracea or T. fuscolutea, with yellow stem and richly coloured gills.

20 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Trogia brevipes sp. nov. Figure 3

Pileus 15-40 mm latus, infundibuliformis, sordide fuligineo-ochraceus vel fuscogriseus, ex integro

fuscofuliginoso-furfuraceus vel pruinosus, substriatus. Stipes 12-22 x 2-4 mm, basi abrupto, fistulosus,

concolor vel pallidus, ex integro fuligineo-pruinosus. Lamellae decurrentes angustae subconfertae crassius-

culae, primariae 19-30, 1.5-2 mm latae, ordinibus 2-4, aliquando marginem pilei versus subreticulatae,

pallide concolores vel albidae, acie fuscofuliginea. Caro c. 1 mm crassa in centro pilei, ceraceo-tenax

hygrophana. Odor nullus. Sporae 7-9.5 x 4.7-6 um, inamyloideae. Basidia 33-46 x 7-8.5 um; sterigmata

4, 4-5 um longa. Cheilocystidia 30-55 x 6-10 »m, subcylindrica clavata vel subventricosa, intus succo

brunneo-umbrino, ut acie angusta sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia et pileocystidia

30-100 x 5-10(-14) um, cylindrica vel clavata, succo brunneo-umbrino. Ad ramos dejectos in silva. Borneo,

Mt. Kinabalu 1400-1600 m alt; Ins. Solomonenses, Mt. Gallego 400 m alt. Typus, Borneo, RSNB 8070A;

herb. Corner.

Pileus 15-40 mm wide, infundibuliform almost from the first, hygrophanus, sub-

striate, fuliginous bistre or pale fuscous grey, wholly finely darker fuscous fuliginous

scurfy pruinose; margin slightly incurved at first. Stem 12-22 x 2-4 mm, short, cylin-

dric, hollow, becoming baggy, base abrupt, concolorous or whitish, finely fuliginous

scurfy pruinose. Gills decurrent, narrow, rather crowded, rather thick, 19-30 primaries

1.5-2 mm wide, 2-4 ranks, often slightly veined in the interstices, often somewhat

forked and irregularly poroid reticulate towards the margin of the pileus, paler con-

Fig. 3. Trogia brevipes. fruit-body, x 1%. Spores, x 1000. Pileocystidia,

x 500. Collection, RSNB 8070A.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 21

colorous to whitish with fuscous fuliginous edge. Flesh c. 1 mm thick in the centre

of the pileus, hygrophanous, waxy-tough. Smell none. Tissue not reddening in KOH.

On fallen branches in the forest. Borneo, Solomon Islands.

Spores 7-9.5 x 4.5-6 um, inamyloid. Basidia 33-46 x 7-8.5 um; sterigmata 4,

4-5 um long. Cheilocystidia 30-55 x 6-10 um, clavate, varying subcylindric or sub-

ventricose, without an appendage, sometimes flexuous, mostly with umber-brown sap,

as a sterile gill-edge but finally collapsing or becoming obscured by basidia. Pleuro-

cystidia none. Hymenium not thickening (or slightly?). Caulocystidia and pileocystidia

30-100 x 5-10(-14) um, cylindric to clavate, with umber-brown sap, forming a disrupted

palisade, derived from the outcurved ends of narrow superficial hyphae 3-5 ~m wide

or as processes from them, often curved. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells

200-1400 x 8-30 um, walls 1-2 um thick in the stem; narrow hyphae 2-6 nm wide,

the narrow interweaving branches developing slightly thickened walls in the stem. Pileus

without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. Marginal hyphal ends of the pileus

cylindric to subclavate 3-6 ~m wide, mostly with umber sap.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau, 1400-1600 m alt., 2 April 1964, RSNB

8070; 1 May 1964, RSNB 8070A; 17 April 1964, RSNB 8316. — Solomon Islands,

Mt. Gallego 400 m alt., 8 July 1965, RSS 601.

This species, in the affinity of 7 anthidepas, is tending towards T. infundibuliformis.

T. calyculus Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 201, f. 87, 100.

Pileus 2-11 mm wide, 2-7 mm high, obconica, deeply infundibuliform, minutely

pruinose, grey with innate greyish green fibrils, paler towards the margin. Stem 3-10

x 0.5-0.8 mm, cylindric with abrupt base, minutely pruinose, hyaline white, fuscous

pruinose downwards. Gills deeply decurrent, abruptly delimited, narrow, subdistant, not

veined, 11-14 primaries 0.5—0.8 mm wide, 2-4 ranks, often vein-like towards the margin

of the pileus, greyish white. Flesh 0.2-0.4 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, some-

what horny, fissile, hygrophanous.

On dead wood in the forest. Malaya (Johore).

Spores 6-7.5 x 4-5 um, not amyloid. Basidia 22-27 x 5.5-7 um; sterigmata 4,

4 um long. Cheilocystidia 20-40 x 8-15 um, clavate to subventricose, rarely with pro-

longed obtuse apex, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia similar, sparse. Caulocystidia

20-65 x 8-20 um, clavate, rarely subventricose, the wall slightly thickened, scattered

or crowded, with fuscous sap in the lower part of the stem. Pileocystidia —60 x

25 wm, as the caulocystidia, sparse. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 300-1000 x

9-40 pm, walls —1 pm thick; narrow hyphae rather few. Pileus without a pseudo-

parenchymatous hypodermis.

This minute fungus, in the affinity of 77 cyanea and T. subviridis, has distinct gills

of hyphal downgrowth.

Trogia carminea sp. nov.

Pileus —9 mm latus, conicus dein convexo-planus, subumbonatus glaber striatus rubroroseus. Stipes

14-22 x 1 mm, basi tenuiter strigoso abrupto vix incrassato, subpruinosus albus. Lamellae adnexae

subliberae subdistantes subventricosae, primariae 14-15, —1.5 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3, ad basim sub-

reticulatae, pileo concolores, aciem versus albidae. Sporae 5-7 x 2.7-3.5 um, angustae ellipsoideae,

inamyloideae. Basidia 18-22 x 5-5.5 .m; sterigmata 4, 4-5 »m longa. Cystidia —45 x 6-11 um, lanceolata

vel ventricosa subacuta, haud in acie sterili instructa, superficie lamellae sparsa. Caulocystidia —28 x

7-15 um, clavata. Pileocystidia nulla. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 600-1300 x

2-23 um in stipite, tenuiter tunicatae. Ad folia emortua in silva montana. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu c. 1800 m

alt., Typus, RSNB 5545; herb. Corner.

DD TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Pileus —9 mm wide, conical then convexo-plane and subumbonate, smooth, striate,

deep clear rose-red or carmine. Stem 14-22 x 1 mm, finely and thinly pruinose, with

the slightly thickened abrupt base thinly white strigose, white. Gills adnexed, nearly

free, subdistant, subventricose, 14-15 primaries —1.5 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, slightly

reticulately veined at the base, rose-red or carmine, paler and whitish towards the edge.

Flesh thin, waxy-firm. Smell none.

On dead leaves in montane forest, solitary. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu.

Spores 5-7 x 2.7-3.5 ym, narrowly ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 18-22 x

5-5.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4-5 wm long; no acerose basidioles. Cystidia —45 x 6-I1 um,

lanceolate to ventricose, subacute, not or shortly appendaged, scattered along the

fertile gill-edge and on the surface. Caulocystidia —28 x 7-15 um, more or less clavate,

scattered or in small clusters. Pileocystidia none. Hyphae sarcodimitic in stem and

pileus, clamped; fusiform cells 600-1300 x 2-23 ym, thin-walled, closely adherent,

tapered. Surface of pileus with minute cylindric projections from the narrow radiating

and interwoven superficial hyphae; hypodermal tissue as an almost pseudoparenchy-

matous thin layer.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu c. 1700 m alt., Mesilau and Bembangan rivers,

28 Feb. 1964, RSNB 5545; 6 May 1964, RSNB 8685.

This is an ally of 7. acicula, which is customarily referred to Mycena, but it has

shorter spores and lacks yellow colour in stem and gills. It may be Mycena roseocandida

(Pk) Sacc. as described by A.H. Smith (North American Species of Mycena 1947, 178).

I have a collection from Japan, on pine needles, which is identical microscopically with

T. carminea, but which has a long pale yellow stem —45 x 1 mm (p. 88). It seems

likely that these are but variations of the widespread 7. acicula.

T. ceraceomollis Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 203, pl. 4D.

Pileus 10-45 mm wide, convex then plano-umbilicate, revolute, undulate, sometimes

with a small papilliform umbo, rarely pervious to the base of the stem, subvillous to

fuscous pruinose in the centre, striate, dark grey or fuscous fuliginous then paler on

expansion, greyish white in age, the centre and striae fuscous brown; margin slightly

incurved, then subdentate-crenulate. Stem 15-40 x 1.5-3(-4) mm, often compressed,

soon hollow, waxy-tough, minutely fuscous pruinose, paler concolorous then whitish,

base abrupt and strigose-villous. Gills adnate-decurrent to deeply decurrent, distant,

sometimes forked, more or less strongly transversely reticulate at the base and on the

sides especially towards the margin of pileus, waxy-soft, 12-27 primaries 1.5-5 mm

wide, 2-3 ranks, paler concolorous. Flesh 0.5-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus,

waxy-soft in the pileus and gills. Smell none.

On dead wood and sticks in the forest. Malay Peninsula, widespread.

Spores 6-8 x 4-5 um, subcylindric to narrowly pruniform, not amyloid. Basidia

25-33 x 6-8 um; sterigmata 4, 5-6 wm long. Cystidia none; gill-edge fertile. Caulo-

cystidia 30-90 x 8-20 um, clavate towards the stem-apex, subventricose to subcylindric

downwards with obtuse apex, even subcapitate 3-6 »m wide, —120 um long at the base

of the stem, with umber sap. Pileocystidia similar, mostly narrowly clavate, scattered

over the limb. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —2000 x 7-35 yum in the stem,

—700 ~m in the pileus, —400 pm in the gills, walls 0.5 um thick. Pileus without a

pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

var. amylospora var. nov.

Differt sporis pallide amyloideis. Malaya, Ins. Solomonenses; Typus, Malaya, Selangor, Ulu Gombak,

Corner P-199; herb. Corner.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 23

Pileus —6S5 mm wide, brownish or greyish with sepia centre and striae. Gills

—6 mm wide. Spores 6-8 x 4.5-5.5 um, pale violaceous blue amyloid. Oleiferous

hyphae 4-5 um wide, scattered.

Collections: — Malaya, Selangor, Ulu Gombak, 2 Sept. 1972, Corner P-199. — Solomon

Islands, Kolombangara, up to 600 m alt., 25 Aug.—5 Sept. 1965, RSS 1068 and RSS 1271.

This variety approaches 7 subglobospora which has smaller spores, more poroid

reticulate interstices to the gills, and a pale yellow colour to the fruit-body.

var. bispora Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 203, f. 101, pl. SE.

Spores 9-11.5 x 7.5-10 um, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, not amyloid. Basidia

38-45 x 8-9 um; sterigmata 2, 7-8 um long. Hyphae without clamps. Pileus —25 mm

wide. Stem —1I5 x 2.5 mm. Gills with 25-27 primaries 2-2.5 mm wide, scarcely

crowded, not or scarcely veined. Malaya, Pahang, Kota Glanggi, 5 Dec. 1930.

This is acommon species in the Malay Peninsula, close to 7. anthidepas but without

its yellow colour, without hymenial cystidia, and with softer tissue. The large spores

of var. bispora are evidently the consequence of its 2-spored and larger basidia.

T. cervina Corner Figure 4

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 203.

? Inflatostereum Reid, Nova Hedwigia Beih. 18 (1965) 143.

Fruit-bodies stereoid, sessile or shortly pleuropodal, without gills, at first white then

sordid fawn to sordid brownish ochraceous. Pileus —60 mm in radius, flabelliform,

ascending, smooth, subhygrophanous, finely streaked with innate darker fibrils, drying

pallid with the margin strongly incurved. Stem 2-5 x 3-4 mm, with a subdiscoid white

to pale pinkish bulbous base 3-5 mm wide, sometimes arising from a widespread, rather

waxy, pale cream to subochraceous, pinkish tan, and brownish mycelial skin with white

byssoid margin and whitish rhizomorphs. Hymenium abruptly delimited, smooth. Flesh

1-2 mm thick at the base of the pileus, fissile, then coriaceous from the base outwards,

drying hard. Smell none or slightly aromatic.

On dead wood and branches in the forest. Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Solomon

Islands.

Spores 7-9.5 x 4-S wm, not amyloid, Basidia 40-70 x 7-9 um; sterigmata 4,

4-5 ym long. Hymenium thickening —300 ym. Cystidia none. Caulocystidia and

Fig. 4. Trogia cervina. Pileocystidia (left) and caulocystidia, x 500.

Collection, RSS 1019.

24 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

pileocystidia —60(-80) x 4-8(-9) um, cylindric to subclavate, sometimes submoniliform

or lobulate, crowded towards the margin of the pileus. Hyphae sarcodimitic then

sarcotrimitic, clamped; fusiform cells 100-1100 x 8-28 ym, walls —4 um thick; binding

processes —1100 x 2.5-6 um, thick-walled, not or sparingly branched, with thin-walled

tapered ends; marginal hyphae of the pileus 1-3 ~m wide; mycelial hyphae 1.5-4 pm

wide, thin-walled, agglutinated at the surface of the mycelial skin. Colour caused by

the pale brown sap of the superficial hyphae.

It seems that this is not uncommon in Malesia. My collections from Johore and

the Solomon Islands were remarkable for the very extensive mycelial skin. It spread

from the dead tree-trunk, on which the fruit-bodies were growing, over the living part

of the trunk for distances up to 3 and 5 m and on to the surrounding living shrubs

and lianes; rather indistinct rhizomorphs led to adjacent twigs and stems. Yet, this

mycelial skin did not appear to be parasitic. The fruit-bodies developed in clusters only

from the skin on the dead wood. According to the Solomon islanders, young fruit-

bodies are edible.

This might be the fungus intended as /nflatostereum but what were given as skeletal

hyphae in the description appear to have been the binding hyphae; they develop as in

Piptoporus. The construction is impossible to make out satisfactorily from dried

material. The allied stereoid 7? swbtranslucens has slight relict gill-folds, thus showing

that 7. cervina is a stereoid agaric, and the shortly stalked, more or less centric pileus

of 7: venulosa with rather better developed gill-folds makes the transition to 7? infundi-

buliformis. In contrast, the blue-green stereoid 7: sfereoides seems related to the blue-

green lamellate species of Trogia. Thus, at best, /nflatostereum is merely a form-genus.

T. cyanea Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 205, f. 93b, pl. 5D.

Pileus 20-35 mm wide, convex then deeply infundibuliform, sometimes pervious,

smooth or minutely pruinose towards the margin, with innate fibrils, hygrophanous,

substriate towards the margin, fuliginous blue, often spotted blue; margin at first in-

curved. Stem 25-45 x 1.5-4.5 mm, often compressed, hollow, cartilaginous, minutely

pruinose, paler concolorous to pallid fuliginous ochraceous, base abrupt and slightly

swollen. Gills deeply decurrent, scarcely crowded, narrow, often forked, tough, the

interstices not or scarcely veined, 21-30 primaries 1-2 mm wide, 3-5 ranks, pale con-

colorous or tinged flesh colour. Flesh 1-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, firm,

elastic. Smell none.

On dead wood and sticks and on the earth by rotten trunks. Malay Peninsula

(Pahang, Singapore).

Spores 7-8 x 4.5-5 ym, not amyloid. Basidia 35-50 x 6.5-8 um; sterigmata (2-)4,

4 um long. Cheilocystidia 30-60 x 5-10 um, subcylindric to subventricose, often lobed

or subcapitate, at first as a sterile gill-edge, then with basidia intercalated. Hymenium

slightly thickening —90 pm. Caulocystidia —70 x 5-10 um, as the cheilocystidia,

collapsing in the lower part of the stem. Pileocystidia —60 x 7 um, similar, scattered.

Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 250-1000 x 10-23 um, walls 1-3 um thick; oleiferous

hyphae —300 x 9-20 um, aseptate, scattered in pileus and gills; hyphae on the surface

of the stem and throughout the pileus subagglutinated. Blue green colour caused by

a slight incrustation on the superficial hyphae.

This striking fungus has the form and consistency of 7. infundibuliformis but the

blue-green colour of 7 odorata, T. subviridis, T. pleurotoides, T. calyculus and T:

stereoides. The hymenium thickens slightly, particularly in the gill-intervals. The hyphae

of the pileus are entirely subagglutinated in a toughly mucilaginous matrix and seem

to be composed mainly of inflated cells 40-500 x 6-25 pm.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 25

T. cystidiata Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 206, f. 102.

Hydropus cystidiatus (Corner) Pegler, Agaric Fl. Sri Lanka (1986) 185.

Pileus 20-30 mm wide, convex then plane or umbilicate, striate to the often rugulose

centre, subsulcate towards the margin, finely pruinose then subviscid, at first fuscous

fuliginous, then paler and greyish or light yellowish; margin at first slightly incurved.

Stem 20-40 x 2-3 mm, subcartilaginous, hollow, base abrupt and slightly swollen

—4 mm wide, pruinoso-puberulous, greyish to greyish white. Gills adnato-decurrent

to shortly decurrent, distant, thick, tough, subcartilaginous, interstices not veined or

slightly towards the margin of the pileus, 20-24 primaries 2-4 mm wide, 2-3 ranks,

greyish white. Flesh thin, hygrophanous, rather soft in the pileus, tough in the gills.

Smell none or slight.

On dead wood and branches in the forest. Ceylon, Malaya (Johore).

Spores 8-10 x 6-7 um, not amyloid. Basidia 30-38 x 7-8 ym; sterigmata (2-)4,

5 wm long. Cheilocystidia 35-75 x 6-15 um, conical or subventricose with obtuse and

often subcapitate apex 3-6 um wide, as a narrow sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 60-120

x 7-15 wm, immersed or projecting —50 pm, lanceolate-subventricose, the obtuse

apex 3-7 um wide, the base deeply immersed in the trama, frequent. Hymenium not

thickening. Caulocystidia and pileocystidia —50 x 7-12 um, cylindric to subventricose,

the apex obtuse and often subcapitate. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —2000 x

10-35 um, wall —0.5 pm thick. Pileus with a thin pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis,

2-4 hyphae thick, with cells 40-120 x 15-40 pm, just below the narrow layer of

appressed hyphae 3-8 »m wide. Colour in the fuscous sap of the pseudoparenchyma.

According to Pegler, this is close to the Brazilian Hydropus dissiliens Singer with

narrow spores and pleurocystidia. It seems to be placed in Hydropus because of the

colour of the pileus which is said usually to be bright in Gerronema or colourless. This

is not true of the type-species of Gerronema and, clearly, the difference is not a generic

character.

Trogia decipiens sp. nov. Figure 5

Receptacula alba, aetate flavidula. Pileus —22 mm latus, convexus dein planus, saepe subumbilicatus,

substriatus. Stipes —23 x 1-2 mm, aliquando subexcentricus, puberulus. Lamellae breviter decurrentes,

confertae, aliquando furcatae, primariae 20-27, —2 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4. Caro hygrophana ceraceo-

subcornea. Sporae 6-9 x 4.5-5.5 ~m, inamyloideae. Basidia 20-25 x 6-7 um; sterigmata 4, 4 »m longa.

Cheilocystidia —35 x 8-13 »m, clavata, vel — 60 »m longa ventricosa, in acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia

ut cheilocystidia ventricosa. Caulocystidia et pileocystidia —50 x 5-11 »m, plerumque subcylindrica vel

subventricosa. Hyphae fibulatae, sarcodimiticae, tunicis in KOH flavescentibus; cellulae fusiformes 300-2300

x 7-25 um. Ad truncos putridos in silva. Ins. Solomonensus, Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego, 11 Jul. 1965,

RSS 530A; herb. Cantab.

Fruit bodies white, yellowish in age. Pileus —22 mm wide, convex then plane, the

centre slightly depressed, smooth substriate. Stem —23 x 1-2 mm, central or slightly

excentric, puberulous. Gills shortly decurrent, crowded, sometimes forked near the

stem-apex, 20-27 primaries —2 mm wide, 3-4 ranks. Flesh hygrophanous, rather

waxy-horny.

On rotten trunks in the forest. Solomon Islands, common.

Spores 6-9 x 4.5-5.5 wm, not amyloid. Basidia 20-25 x 6-7 um; sterigmata 4,

4 um long. Cheilocystidia —35 x 8-13 um clavate, or —60 ~m long and ventricose

with prolonged obtuse apex 3-7 »m wide and scattered among the clavate ones, as a

sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia as the ventricose cheilocystidia, abundant. Caulocystidia

and pileocystidia —50 x 5-11 um, mostly subcylindric to subventricose with prolonged

obtuse apex, narrow, abundant but the pileocystidia collapsing. Hyphae sarcodimitic,

Fig. 5. Trogia decipiens. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia, x 500. Collec-

tion, RSS 530A.

clamped, the walls yellowish in KOH: fusiform cells 300-2300 x 7-25 um in the stem;

pileus with shorter cells 40-250 x 7-16 um, not forming a pseudoparenchyma, with

a lax superficial layer of hyphae 1.5-3 ym wide.

var. pleurotella var. nov.

Different stipite brevi, fere laterali, 1-2.5 <x 1-1.5 mm; sporis angustioribus 3.7-4.5 ym latis; cellulis

fusiformibus brevioribus 150-800 x 5-20 »m. Malaya, Johore, Gunong Pulai, 24 Sept. 1966, Corner s.n.;

herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies pale cream whitish. Pileus —15 mm wide, strongly excentric, opaque,

smooth, rather thick. Stem 1-2.5 x 1-1.5 mm, very short, almost lateral, pruinose.

Gills adnate to subdecurrent, crowded, 13-16 primaries —2 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, edge

entire. Flesh —1.5 mm thick at the thickest part of the pileus, firm.

On dead wood in the forest. Malaya, Johore, Gunong Pulai.

Spores 7-9 x 3.7-4.5 um, not or ? very slightly brownish amyloid. Basidia 20-24

x 6-7 wm; sterigmata 4, no acerose basidioles. Cheilocystidia 24-55 x 8-15 um, clavate

to ventricose and obtusely appendaged, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 30-60 x

5-10 um, ventricose, appendaged, obtuse, the apex 3-5 »m wide, projecting, scarce to

frequent in parts of the same gill. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia. Surface of pileus

with appressed radiating hyphae 3-7 um wide and scattered cystidia as the cheilo-

cystidia; no pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

Superficially, this is very like 7) seriflua but the spores are ellipsoid and not amyloid,

and wide oleiferous hyphae with hymenial branchings are lacking. Var. pleurotella bears

comparison with 7. /ateralis without pleurocystidia.

Trogia delicata sp. nov. Figures 6, 7

Receptacula alba. Pileus 10-50 mm latus, conicus dein campanulatus, ultimo planus vel revolutus, ali-

quando umbonatus, laevis hygrophanus, ad centrum pellucidum sulcato-striatus. Stipes 20-70 x 1-5 mm,

basi subbulboso 2-6 mm lato, cartilagineus sed fragilis, fistulosus, minute furfuraceo-pruinosus. Lamellae

adnexae, fere liberae, emarginatae distantes, raro furcatae, interstitiis haud vel vix rugulosis, primariae

21-43, 1-6 mm latae, ordinibus 1(-2). Caro 1-1.5 mm crassa in pilei centro, ceraceo-cartilaginea sed fragilis.

Odor nullus. Sporae 6.5-8.5(-9.5) x 5-7.5 um, subglobosae vel late lacrymiformes, e basidiis 2-sporigeris

—9.5 x 5-6 um, pallide violaceo-amyloideae. Basidia 27-35(-40) x 6-8 ym; sterigmata (2-)4, 4-5 um

longa. Cheilocystidia —60 x 8-12 «m, clavata vel ventricosa, in acie fertili sparsa. Pleurocystidia nulla.

Caulocystidia —50 x 7-14 um, ut cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia nulla vel sparsa, vix evoluta 4-6 ym lata.

Hyphae sarcodimiticae, fibulatae; cellules fusiformes 350-1200(-2000) x 7-40 :m, tunicis vix incrassatis,

in pileo cellulis 35-150 x 15-40 pm. Ad truncos putridos, ad ramulos, vel ad terram prope lignum

putridissimum. Borneo, Ins. Solomonenses. Typus, Borneo, RSNB 8547; herb. Cantab.

Fig. 6. Trogia delicata. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, x 1000.

Collection, RSNB 8547.

WW Ze

Fig. 7. Trogia delicata. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores and basidium,

x 1000. Collection, RSS 1574; upper spores from RSS

J40A.

28 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Fruit-bodies white. Pileus 10-SO mm wide, conical then campanulate, finally plane

or revolute, sometimes umbonate, smooth, hygrophanous, su/cato-striate to the pellucid

disc. Stem 20-70 « 1-5 mm, the subbulbous base 2-6 mm wide, cartilaginous, brittle,

finely scurfy pruinose or subpruinose only towards the apex, hollow. Gills adnexed or

nearly free, distant, emarginate, not or rarely branched, interstices smooth or slightly

veined transversely towards the margin of the pileus, 21-43 primaries 1-6 mm wide,

1(-2) ranks. Flesh 1-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-cartilaginous but

brittle and fragile. Smell none.

On dead trunks and sticks in lowland and montane forest, also on earth by very

rotten trunks. Borneo, Solomon Islands.

Spores 6.5-8.5(-9.5) x 5-7.5 um, subglobose or widely lacrymiform, —9.5 x

5-6 wm on 2-spored basidia, pale violaceous amyloid. Basidia 27-35(-40) x 6-8 um;

sterigmata (2-)4, 4-5 wm long. Cheilocystidia —60 x 8-12 ym, clavate to ventricose,

very scattered along the fertile gill-edge or absent. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia

—50 x 7-14 um, clavate to subventricose, collapsing, at the stem-apex mostly as sterile

basidia. Pileocystidia none or as sparse subdivergent subventricose hyphal ends 4-6 pm

wide. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells 350-1200(-2000) x 7-40 um, the

walls not or slightly thickened; inflated hyphae of the pileus mostly with short cells

35-150 x 15-40 um, scarcely pseudoparenchymatous; oleiferous hyphae narrow, occa-

sional in the stem. Surface of pileus with appressed radiating hyphae 3-8 ym wide.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1600 m alt., 9 April 1964, RSNB 8204;

4 May 1964, RSNB 8547. — Solomon Islands, San Cristobal, Warahito R., July 1965,

RSS 711, 740 and 740A; Kolombangara, 26 Aug. 1965, RSS 1089; Guadalcanal, Popo-

manasiu 1800 m alt., 24 Oct. 1965, RSS 1574; Guadalcanal, low alt., Tsuva, 10 Nov.

1965, RSS 1795, 1795A.

The fruit-bodies of this species are solitary or merely 2-3 together. They appear as

a white-spored Coprinus but they evidently last for several days. The Bornean specimens

had subglobose spores and scattered cheilocystidia. Those from the Solomon Islands

had either such spores (RSS 711, 740 and 740A) or distinctly ellipsoid spores which,

in the case of the 2-spored basidia, were elongate pip-shaped. The Solomons’ specimens

lacked cheilocystidia but had better developed caulocystidia. 7? polyadelpha appears

to be closely allied in spite of its decurrent gills. 7 revoluta connects T. delicata with

more typical 7rogia. Compare Mycena dennisiti of Venezuela and Corrugaria (Mycena

sect. Radiatae Singer 1975).

Trogia diminutiva sp. nov.

Receptacula alba. Pileus 2-5 mm latus, saepe excentricus, convexus dein plano-umbilicatus, laevis

substriatus. Stipes 2-8 x 0.5 mm, hyalinus laevis, basi abrupto mycelio tenui affixo. Lamellae decurrentes

subconfertae pliciformes, marginem pilei versus evanescentes, primariae 12-18, —0.3 mm latae. Caro

ceracea hygrophana. Odor fortis nitrosus. Sporae 3.5-4.3 x 2-2.3 um, ellipsoideae inamyloideae. Basidia

17-20 x 4 um; sterigmata 2-4, 2.5-3 »m longa. Cheilocystidia 25-32 x 4-8 .m, ventricosa apice obtuso,

sparsa vel nulla. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia —16 x 3-6 um, subclavata vel subventricose, sparsa.

Pileocystidia nulla. Hyphae sarcodimiticae, fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes in stipite 400-1500 x 7-18 .m,

in pileo —30 um latae. Ad lignum putridum, saepe dense gregaria, in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Guadal-

canal, RSS 507; typus, herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, with strong nitrous smell. Pileus 2-5 mm wide, convex then

plano-umbilicate, often excentric, smooth, substriate. Stem 2-8 x 0.5 mm, central or

excentric, cylindric, smooth, hyaline, the abrupt base attached by a slight mycelium.

Gills decurrent, rather crowded, disappearing towards the margin of the pileus, fold-

like, 12-18 primaries c. 0.3 mm wide, or merely 5-9 slight folds in small fruit-bodies.

Flesh thin, waxy-hygrophanous.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 29

Gregarious, often densely, on rotten wood in the forest. Solomon Islands, Guadal-

canal, San Cristobal.

Spores 3.5-4.3 x 2-2.3 um, ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 17-20 x 4 um; sterig-

mata 2-4, 2.5-3 um long; no acerose basidioles. Cheilocystidia 25-37 x 4-8 um, more

or less ventricose with short obtuse apex, very scattered and absent from some fruit-

bodies. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia —16 x 3-6 um, subclavate to subventricose,

scattered. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells in the stem 400-1500 x

7-18 yum, in the pileus —30 ym wide. Surface of pileus with radiating appressed

hyphae, without cystidia.

That so small a fungus still carries the mark of Trogia is evidence of the reality

of the genus. Presumably, it goes in Hemimycena for those who disregard hyphal

structure, but it is not separable generically from 7. infundibuliformis.

Collections: — Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Monitor Creek, 2 July 1965, RSS 507;

San Cristobal, Warahito R., 23 July 1965, RSS 737.

Trogia endocystidiata sp. nov. Figure 8

Receptacula cremeo-alba, lamellis primo flavidulis. Pileus 10-30 mm latus, semper convexus, laevis

opacus; margine paullo incurvato. Stipes —40 x 1.5-3 mm, vel —5 mm applanatus, fistulosus cartilagineus,

minute pruinosus. Lamellae sinuato-adnatae subconfertae, primariae 27-32, 2-4 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4.

Caro —2 mm crassa in pilei centro, ceracea firma, in stipite subtenax. Odor farinaceus, vix fortis. Sporae

7-10 x 4.5-5.7 um, inamyloideae. Basidia 22-28(-35 in interstitiis) x 6- um; sterigmata 4, 4 um longa.

Cheilocystidia —48 x 5-11 um, clavata vel ventricosa cum apice elongato 1.3-3(-8) um lato, primo ut

acie sterili instructa dein basidis intercalatis. Pleurocystidia similia, immersa vel —10 um projicientia,

copiosa sed facile praetermissa. Caulocystidia —100 x 3-7 um, cylindrica vel attenuata, apicem stipitis

versus ut cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia vix evoluta. Endocystidia 35-80 3-10(-14) um, lanceolata-ventricosa,

basi saepe elongato 1-3 um lato, apice saepe filiformi 1-2 »m lato, tenuiter tunicata, intus oleaginosa,

copiosa in pilei stipitidque carne immersa, in lamellis sparsa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae

fusiformes 250-700 x 12-30 um, tunicis —1 pm crassis. Ad truncos putridos in silva montana. Borneo,

Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1400 m alt., 13 April 1964, RSNB 8269; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies pale cream-white, the gills at first yellowish. Pileus 10-30 mm wide,

persistently convex, smooth, dry, opaque; margin at first slightly incurved. Stem —40

x 1.5-3 mm, or flattened —5 mm wide, cartilaginous, hollow, minutely pruinose. Gills

sinuato-adnate, rather crowded, 27-32 primaries 2-4 mm wide, 3-4 ranks. Flesh 2 mm

thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-firm rather tough in the stem. Smell slight,

mealy.

On rotten trunks in montane forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1400 m alt.

Spores 7-10 x 4.5-5.7 ym, not amyloid. Basidia 22-28(-35 in the gill interstices)

x 6-8 wm; sterigmata 4, 4 »m long. Cheilocystidia —48 x 5-11 um, clavate to ventri-

cose with appendaged apex 1.3-3(-8) um wide at the subacute or obtuse tip, at first

as a Sterile gill-edge but the edge becoming partly fertile. Pleurocystidia similar,

reaching the hymenial surface or projecting —10 ym, hyaline, vacuolate, abundant or

scattered, easily overlooked. Caulocystidia —100 x 3-7 pm, cylindric or tapered, or

irregular in width, apex 2-5 y~m wide, abundant as a disrupted palisade, becoming

clavate like the cheilocystidia at the stem-apex. Endocystidia 35-80 x 3-10(-14) um,

lanceolate-ventricose, or fusiform with long narrow base 1-3 nm wide and tapered to

the often filiform apex 1-2 ~m wide, thin-walled with oleaginous contents, abundant

throughout the tissue of pileus and stem, oriented in any direction, but longitudinal

in the surface tissue of the stem, sparse in the subhymenial tissue of the gills, absent

from the central tissue of the stem and from the gill-trama. Hyphae strongly sarco-

dimitic in the stem apparently monomitic in the pileus, clamped; fusiform cells in the

stem 250-1700 x 12-30 um, tapered, walls —1 um thick, the narrow hyphae often with

walls 0.5-1 ym thick; in the pileus with cells variously inflated 3-35 um wide, densely

Fig. 8. | Trogia endocystidiata. Fruit-body, x 1%. Spores and

surface of pileus (below), x 1000. Cheilocystidia (upper

centre), caulocystidia (upper right), basidia and pleuro-

cystidia, x 500. Collection, RSNB 8269.

interwoven, without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis; in the gill-trama 5-15 wm

wide, rather long and fusiform. Surface of pileus with narrow, 2-4(-5) um wide,

appressed radiating hyphae rather loosely arranged in a layer c. 40 um thick in the

centre of the pileus with a few scattered pileocystidia as the cheilocystidia, and more

or less permeated by endocystidia, sometimes developing narrow processes —25 X

1-2 »m from the superficial hyphae; marginal cells 6-9 ~m wide, clavate.

This species of collybioid form introduces the remarkable feature of immersed

cystidia with oleaginous contents. The gill-edge is at first sterile but becomes invaded

with basidia and shows, thus, how difficult it can be to use this feature in classifica-

tion. Compare 7) /imonospora and T. limonosporoides.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 31

Trogia exigua sp. nov.

Receptacula alba. Pileus 15-30 mm latus, convexo-planus, centro depresso, laevis striatus. Stipes —15

x 0.5-1.5 mm, basi abrupto, puberulus. Lamellae adnato-decurrentes distantae crassiusculae, primariae

8-11, —1 mm latae, dein 3-4 mm, ordinibus 1-2(-3), marginem pilei versus saepe pliciformes, haud

yenosae. Odor nullus. Sporae 4.7-6.3 x 4.5-5.3 um, subglobosae inamyloideae. Basidia 28-36 « 6-7 um;

sterigmata 4, 4.5-5 um longa. Cheilocystidia —55 x 4-9 um, subclavata vel subventricosa, plus minus

in acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia ut cheilocystidia, copiosa; pileocystidia similia

sparsa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —700 x 22 um, in pileo —28 um. Ad lignum

emortuum in silva montana, subcaespitosa. Borneo, Ins. Solomonenses. Typus, Borneo, RSNB 1599;

herb. Cantab.

Fruit bodies white. Pileus 15-30 mm wide, convexo-plane, centre depressed, smooth,

striate, slightly sulcato-striate in age. Stem —15 x 0.5-1.5 mm, cylindric, puberulous,

base abrupt. Gills adnato-decurrent distant, rather thick, 8-11 primaries —1 mm, then

widening 2-4 mm, 1-2(-3) ranks, often fold-like towards the margin of the pileus, the

interstices smooth. Flesh thin. Smell none.

On rotten logs in montane forest, subcaespitose. Borneo, Solomon Islands.

Spores 4.7-6.3 x 4.5-5.3 um, subglobose, not amyloid. Basidia 26-36 x 6-7 um;

sterigmata 4, 4.5-5 um long. Cheilocystidia —55 x 4-9 ym, subclavate to subventricose,

with short or somewhat prolonged obtuse apex, more or less as a sterile gill-edge.

Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia, abundant. Pileocystidia similar,

sparse. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells in the stem —700 x 22 um,

—28 um in the pileus. Surface of pileus with appressed radiating narrow hyphae and

scattered pileocystidia, without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, east ridge, 1000 m alt., 1 Aug. 1961, RSNB 1599.

— Solomon Islands, Kolombangara 600 m alt., 7 Sept. 1965, RSS 1323.

Compare 7: omphalinoides with pale amyloid spores and 7. raphanolens with

ellipsoid spores.

T. fulvochracea Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 207, f. 103-106, pl. 4A.

Pileus 1-5 cm wide, conical then plane, acutely umbonate, smooth, subviscid, vary-

ing subpruinose or minutely appressedly squamulose, striate to the centre, bright fawn,

fulvous- or cinnamon-ochraceous, margin slightly incurved at first, then as a narrow

piloso-dentate fringe. Stem 20-60 x 1-5 mm, cylindric, hollow, cartilaginous, base

abrupt and slightly swollen, minutely pruinose, white, becoming sordid subochraceous

downwards. Gills adnexed, almost free, becoming sinuate to adnate, crowded, thin, not

veined in the interstices, 23-40 primaries 3-5 mm wide, merely 15-16, —1 mm wide,

in small specimens, 3-4(-5) ranks, white to pallid concolorous with the pileus but white

towards the edge and near the margin of the pileus. Flesh 1-3 mm thick in the centre

of the pileus, waxy-firm, hygrophanous, more or less concolorous. Smell none.

On dead wood and branches in montane forest. Malaya, Borneo, Brazil.

Spores 7-9.5 x 4.5-6 um, inamyloid. Basidia 27-32 x 6.5-8 ym; sterigmata 4,

5 wm long. Cheilocystidia 30-65 x 9-16 um, subventricose with obtuse apex 5-8 »m

wide, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia —110 x 18 yum, as the cheilocystidia, the base

deeply immersed in the gill-trama. Hymenium not thickening; subhymenium c. 20 pm

thick, with interwoven hyphae 2-3 ym wide. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia or

subcylindric to subclavate, the wall often slightly thickened. Pileocystidia —70 x

9-15 um, subcylindric to subventricose, often reduced to lobules from the superficial

hyphae, obtuse, thin-walled, hyaline. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —1500 x

10-30 ym, the wall slightly thickened; oleiferous hyphae 4-7 nm wide, sparse; hyphae

of the stem entirely slightly agglutinated. Surface of the pileus with a superficial layer,

32 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

20-30 um thick in the centre of the pileus, composed of narrow colourless appressed

radiating hyphae, and a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis c. 100 um thick in the

centre of the pileus. Colour caused by the brownish ochraceous sap in the radiating

hyphae of the flesh of the pileus.

Key to the species on macroscopic features

1. Pileus smooth to minutely squamulose, fulvous or cinnamon ochraceous. Spores 7-9.5 x 4.5-6 um

PE ae eT OO oti he EPEC On MAGE io MICOU ap ner ome CL Ooo E broaT ate noe v. fulvochracea

1. Pileus radially rugulose.

2. Pileus fawn ochraceous. Spores 7-8 x 5-6.5 wm. Solomon Is. .............. v. solomonensis

2. Pileus fuscous.

3. Pileus fuscous grey. Stem white pruinose. Spores 7-9 x 4.5-6 um. Borneo .... v. fuscogrisea

3. Pileus fuscous ochraceous with darker fuscous umbo. Stem brownish pruinose in the lower part.

Spores::8=10 ox: s4:5=5 Stam Brazile. ean tees cece Cd oo ee ee hoe v. brasiliensis

var. fulvochracea

As above. Malaya, Pahang, Cameron Highlands. — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1300-1800 m

alt.

var. brasiliensis var. nov.

Pileus 20-30 mm latus, fusco-ochraceus, umbone fusco-obscuro, rugulosus, ex integro puberulus.

Stipes 30-35 x 1.5 mm, albus, basim versus brunneo-pruinosus. Lamellae ventricosae emarginatae, vix

confertae, primariae 24-27, —4 mm latae, ordinibus 3, albae. Sporae 8-10 x 4.5-5.5 um. Basidia 35-45

x 7.5-9 wm, guttulata; sterigmata 4. Cheilocystidia —55 x 8-11 «m, subclavata. Pleurocystidia 65-130

x 8-14 um, cylindrica vel subfusiformia, vix ventricosa, apice obtuso 5-8 «m lato, intus guttulis sparsis.

Caulocystidia —55 x 8-15 um, subcylindrica vel subclayata, basim stipitis versus succo brunneolo. Pileo-

cystidia —50 x 8-15 um, ut caulocystidia sed sine succo brunneolo, curvatim ascendentia. Pileus strato

pseudoparenchymatico vix evoluto. Ad lignum emortuum in silva. Brazil, Estado do Rio, Niteroi, 21 Sept.

1947, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

This agrees essentially with the Asian species, and differs merely in the colour and

slightly longer spores, but the colour of the pileus resides in the slight pseudoparen-

chyma of the pileus and in the narrow superficial hyphae. Another collection which

I made in Brazil (Mato Grosso, 27 Jan. 1968) agreed with var. fulvochracea except that

the pileocystidia were up to 180 wm long and there were, besides the pleurocystidia,

numerous more or less immersed and fusiform cystidia —55 x 9 »m. Unfortunately,

this collection was immature without spores.

var. fuscogrisea Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 209.

Pileus fuscous grey, radially rugulose. Gills greyish white. Stem white. Cheilocystidia

mostly elongate clavate. Pileocystidia sparse. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, 1200 m alt.

var. solomonensis var. nov. Figure 9

Pileus e centro marginem versus radiatim rugulosus. Stipes albido-pruinosus. Lamellae subdistantes,

primariae 18-19, vel comfertae, primariae 22-26, —2 mm latae. Sporae 7-8 x 5-6.5 um, late ellipsoideae.

Basidia 32-40 x 7-8 um; sterigmata 4. Cheilocystidia 50-90 x 7-13 .m, anguste ventricosa, apice alongato

3-7 «wm lato. Pleurocystidia 45-155 x 7-16 um, ut cheilocystidia, intus saepe oleaginosa (haud guttulata).

Caulocystidia 25-55 x 7-12 um, clavata vel plerumque ventricosa. Pileocystidia ut cheilocystidia, sparsa.

Insulae Solomonenses, Kolombangara 1200 m alt., 3-4 Sept. 1965, RSS 1215, 1216, 1259 (typus); herb.

Cantab.

This differs from var. ful/vochracea in the rugulose pileus, the rounder spores and

the longer cheilocystidia with the form of the pleurocystidia. A fourth and, unfortu-

Fig. 9. Trogia fulvochracea var. solomonensis.

Fruit-body x 1%. Spores, x 1000.

Cheilocystidium and pleurocystidium

(right), x 500. Collection, RSS 1259.

nately, sterile collection from the Solomons (RSS 823, San Cristobal, Warahito R..,

27 Aug. 1965) differed in growing on the ground at low altitude. It had multiguttulate

basidia and pleurocystidia (as in var. brasiliensis), clavate cheilocystidia, very abundant

pileocystidia almost in a palisade over the centre of the pileus, and, yet, no pseudo-

parenchymatous hypodermis to the pileus.

Evidently, 7. fulvochracea is a widespread species, probably pantropical, with many

minor variations. Compare 7. aurantiphylla with globose spores.

T. fureata Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 210, f. 107, 108.

Pileus —25 mm wide, infundibuliform, smooth or subpruinose, inoderm, fuscous,

margin finally undulate. Stem 8-14 x 1.5-2.5 mm, hollow, subpruinose, base abrupt,

fuscous. Gills decurrent, very narrow, subdistant, often 1-3 times forked, primaries c.

20, 0.5 mm wide, in 2-3 irregular ranks, whitish. Flesh thin, waxy-soft.

On rotten wood in the forest, gregarious. Brunei (Ulu Belalong).

Spores 8-10.5 x 6.5-8.5 um, or —13 x 10 um (? from 2- and 3-spored basidia),

broadly ellipsoid, slightly violaceous amyloid. Basidia 35-46 x 7-8.5 um; sterigmata

4, 5-7 wm long, or 1-3 and 7-10 um long. Cystidia sparse on gill-edge and surface,

like sterile basidia with a sterigma-like process 7-16 um long; gill-edge fertile. Caulo-

cystidia —40 x 4-12 um, subcylindric, clavate or ventricose, as a sterile hymenium.

Pileocystidia similar, sparse. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells very long, —20 um wide,

wall —0.5 ym thick; narrow hyphae 2.5-S wm wide, walls —1 pm thick.

This quaint little fungus suggests 7? aphylla with gills, but it has the large spores

of T. cystidiata. Its alliance may rather be with 7. calyculus.

Trogia fusciceps sp. nov.

Pileus — 20 mm latus, convexus dein infundibuliformis, fuscogriseus, inodermeus, centro furfuraceo-

pruinosus. Stipes —50 x 3-3.5 mm, cylindricus fistulosus, pallide albus, ex integro fuscopruinosus, basi

subcyaneo strigoso. Lamellae decurrentes, saepe furcatae, saepe ad latera subreticulatae, primariae 25-30,

34 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

1.2-2.5 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3, albidae. Caro concolor, ceraceo-firma, in stipite cartilaginea. Odor nullus.

Sporae 4.5-6.5 x 3.7-4.5 um, (—7 x 5 um, ? monosporae), late ellipsoideae, inamyloideae. Basidia 32-45

x 5-6.5 um, afibulatae; sterigmata 2(-3), 8-10 .m longa erecta. Cheilocystidia 28-42 x 5-10 «um, cylin-

drica vel clavata, raro subventricosa, vix prominentia, haud (vel primo ?) in acie sterili instructa. Pleuro-

cystidia nulla. Hymenium haud incrassatum. Caulocystidia ut cheilocystidia, succo fusco-umbrino praedita.

Pileocystidia 40-130 x 8-27 yum, clavata, pyriformia vel subglobosa, in centro pilei dense instructa,

marginem versus appressa sparsa, succo fusco-umbrino praedita. Hyphae sarcodimiticae afibulatae;

cellulae fusiformes —1500 x 8-30 «m, tenuiter tunicatae. Superficies pilei haud pseudoparenchymatica.

Ad radicem emortuuam in silva, caespitosa. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1700 m alt., 31 March 1964,

RSNB 8004; herb. Cantab.

This fungus resembles in shape 7. cyanea and T. subviridis, but it is cyaneous only

at the base of the stem, and it has smaller spores on, mainly, 2-spored basidia without

clamps. It has the large pileocystidia of 7 subviridis, but lacks its pleurocystidia.

It may be a 2-spored state of 7? subglobospora comparable with var. bispora of

T. ceraceomollis. | describe it because it is necessary to record for future consideration

all findings of this intricate group.

Trogia fuscoalba sp. nov. Figure 10

Pileus 10-50 mm latus, convexus dein concavus, umbone parvo vel papilliformi acuto, laevis, marginem

versus Striatus, pallide fusco-umbrinus vel sublividus, umbone brunneolo. Stipes 30-80 x 1-3 mm, basi

abrupto subtumido 1.5-4 mm lato, fistulosus pruinosus albus. Lamellae decurrentes angustae confertae

hispidulae, primariae 20-40, 0.5-2 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4, aliquando hinc inde conjunctae, albae. Caro

tenuis hygrophana ceracea firma. Odor nullus. Sporae 6-8(-9) x 4.5-5.5 um, vel 7.5-9 x 5.5-6.5 um

(basidia 2-sporigera), inamyloideae. Basidia 27-30 x 5.5-6.5 um; sterigmata 4, 3 1m longa, vel 2, 6-7 »m

longa. Cheilocystidia —110 x 6-11 y»m, ventricosa, apicibus obtusis —45 x 4-8 um elongatis, intus

granuloso-guttulata, in speciminibus Malayanis plerumque clavata, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia

ut cheilocystidia, 9-15 » lata, —65 »m projicientia, tunica haud vel paullo incrassata. Caulocystidia — 70

x 10-16 um, clayata vel ventricosa sine apice elongata, primo intus granuloso-guttulata, tunica vix in-

crassata. Pileocystidia ut cheilocystidia sparsa vel nulla. Hyphae sarcodimiticae, fibulatae vel afibulatae

(basidis 2-sporigeris); cetlulae fusiformes —1800 x 7-27 um; oleiferae angustae sparsae. Pileus hypoder-

mate pseudoparenchymatico plus minus bene instructo. Ad ramulos dejectos in silva. Malaya, Ins.

Solomonenses. Typus, Ins. Solomonenses RSS 508A; herb. Cantab.

Pileus 10-50 mm wide, convex then concave, with a small or acutely papilliform

umbo, smooth, striate towards the margin, pale fuscous umber to fuscous livid with

brownish umbo. Stem 30-80 x 1-3 mm, 1.5-4 mm wide at the abrupt and slightly

swollen base, cylindric, hollow, pruinose, white. Gills decurrent, often rather deeply,

narrow, crowded, minutely hispid, sometimes anastomosed in places, 20-40 primaries

0.5-2 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, white. Flesh thin, hygrophanous, waxy-firm, pliant. Smell

none.

On sticks in the forest, lowland and montane. Malaya, Solomon Islands.

Spores 6-8(-9) x 4.5-5.5 um, or 7.5-9 x 5.5-6.5 ~m on 2-spored basidia, not

amyloid. Basidia 27-30 x 5.5-6.5 ym; sterigmata 4, 3 um long, or 2, 6-7 pm long.

Cheilocystidia —110 x 6-11 pm, ventricose with an obtuse appendage 4-8 »m wide

at the tip, projecting —45 ym, contents at first granular-guttulate, forming a sterile

edge to the gill; in Malayan collections mostly clavate, —20 um wide. Pleurocystidia

similar, 9-15 ~m wide, projecting —65 um, with the obtuse apex 3-8 um wide, varying

subclavate —9 um wide, the wall thin or slightly thickened, at first with granular-

guttulate contents, colourless. Caulocystidia —70 x 10-16 um, clavate to subventricose,

not appendaged, at first finely granular-guttulate then vacuolate, with slightly thickened

colourless wall, often in tufts. Pileocystidia as the cheilocystidia, very scattered, often

rudimentary or almost none. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped or without clamps (2-spored

fruit-bodies); fusiform cells —1800 x 7-27 pm; oleiferous hyphae narrow, few. Pileus

with a more or less well developed pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis 2-3 cells thick

Fig. 10. Trogia fuscoalba var. metuloidea. Fruit-body,

x 1. Spores, x 1000. Basidia and pleurocystidia,

x 500. Collection, RSNB 5620.

(feebly developed in the 2-spored RSS 508), with a superficial layer 10-15 um thick of

narrow radiating hyphae 3-7 wm wide; marginal cells 7-11 um wide, clavate. Colour

in the sap of the pseudoparenchymatous hyphae and those immediately underlying.

Collections: — Malaya, Pahang, Cameron Highlands 1700 m alt., 2 Oct. 1966. —

Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego, July 1965, RSS 508 (2-spored), SO8A,

508B; Tsuva, Nov. 1965, RSS 1745.

var. metuloidea var. nov.

Different pleurocystidiis tunicis 2-5 »m valde incrassatis, guttulatis. Ad truncos delapsos. Borneo,

Mt. Kinabalu, 1600 m alt., Feb. 1964, RSNB 5620; herb. Cantab.

Pileus —25 mm wide, fuscous brown with pallid white umbo. Stem white or sub-

fuscous pruinose. Gills with 20-24 primaries 1.5-3 mm wide, slightly reticulate at the

base towards the margin of the pileus, pale fawn grey, whitish towards the edge. Spores

7-9.5 x 4-5.5 um. Basidia 26-30 x 6.5-7.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4 um long. Cheilocystidia

40-100 x 8-16 um, with thin or slightly thickened wall, internally with opalescent oil-

droplets, as a wide sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 35-120 x 10-16 um, the longer pro-

jecting —75 ym, narrowly ventricose with obtuse apex 8-11 um wide, the wall 2-5 um

thick in the middle part of the cystidium, the shorter pleurocystidia more or less

immersed in the hymenium and clavate to subcylindric, with abundant oil-droplets.

Caulocystidia —80 x 10-16 um, as the cheilocystidia but more ventricose, scattered

or clustered. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, sparse to fairly numerous. Fusiform cells

—30 ym wide, wall —2 wm thick. Surface of pileus with narrow hyphae 3-S(-6) nm

wide in a thin layer, collapsing in old pilei and often with secondarily septate ends;

marginal cells of the pileus 7-15 ~m wide, clavate.

Collections. — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Bembangan R., 3 March 1964, RSNB 5620;

Mesilau, 4 Feb. 1964, Corner s.n.

This species has much in common with both 7: fulvochracea and T. lilaceogrisea,

having the guttulate cystidia so evident in the latter. It is close, also, to 7? fuscolutea

with yellow stem and gill-edge, but with longer and non-guttulate pleurocystidia. The

collection RSS 508 may be a 2-spored state of var. metuloidea because the pleuro-

36 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

cystidia were distinctly thick-walled. The species seems close to the South American

Hydropus funebris (Speg.) Singer with spores 5.5-9.5 um wide (Persoonia 4, 1967,

364 footnote).

Trogia fuscolutea sp. nov. Figure 11

Pileus 10-42 mm latus, convexus dein planus, umbone acuto, radiatim rugulosus, citrinoflavus, centro

saepe fusco, fibrillis fuscis innatis. Stipes 20-80 x 1.5-4 mm, ad basim 2-6 mm, fistulosus, pruinosus

citrinoflavus. Lamellae adnatae confertae, saepe angustae, interstitiis haud vel vix venosis, primariae 18-30,

1-4 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4, albidae, acie flava. Sporae 7-9 x 5-6 um, inamyloideae. Basidia 34-38 x

7-8 um; sterigmata 4, 4-5 »m longa. Cheilocystidia ut pleurocystidia breviora, acie sterili instructa.

Pleurocystidia —200 x 9-15 ym, fusiformia ventricosa, —100 m projicientia, apicibus plus minus clavata

10-17 ym latis, tunica haud vel paullo incrassatis, haud guttulata, copiosa, etiam clavata in hymenio

immersa. Caulocystidia —110 x 8-22 um, subcylindrica, clavata vel subventricosa. Pileocystidia —50 x

5-12 um, subcylindrica vel subventricosa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —2500 x

27 wpm. Ad ramulos dejectos in silva. Ins. Solomonenses. Typus, San Cristobal, RSS 752A; herb. Cantab.

Pileus 10-42 mm wide, convex to plane, acutely umbonate, rugulose round the

umbo or almost to the margin, /emon yellow, often fuscous in the centre, with fine

innate fuscous streaks. Stem 20-80 x 1.5-4 mm, 2-6 mm at the abrupt base, carti-

laginous, hollow, /emon yellow, finely yellow pruinose. Gills adnate, crowded, often

narrow, not or scarcely veined at the base, 18-30 primaries 1-4 mm wide, 3-4 ranks,

pallid white with yellow edge. Flesh thin, waxy-horny. Smell none.

On fallen twigs in the forest. Solomon Islands.

Fig. 11. Trogia fuscolutea. Fruit-body, x 1%. Spores, x 1000. Pleuro-

cystidia, x 500. Collection, RSS 752A.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 37

Spores 7-9 x 5-6 um, not amyloid. Basidia 34-38 x 7-8 ym; sterigmata 4, 4-5 pm

long. Cheilocystidia as the pleurocystidia but not so long, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleuro-

cystidia —200 x 9-15 um, fusiform ventricose, projecting —100 »m with a more or

less clavate, obtuse or subacute, apex 10-17 »m wide, thin-walled distally, the immersed

part with slightly thickened wall, very abundant, with transitions to clavate cystidia just

reaching the surface of the hymenium, not guttulate. Caulocystidia —100 x 8-22 um,

clavate, subcylindric to subventricose, obtuse, not appendaged, thin-walled, vacuolate,

abundant. Pileocystidia —SO x 5-12 um, as out-turned ends of radiating hyphae or

as lateral processes, subcylindric to subventricose, obtuse, very scattered over the limb,

more numerous in the centre but not as a compact layer. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped;

fusiform cells —2500 x 27 um, walls slightly thickened; shorter in the pileus and

forming a compact pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis overlain by a discontinuous

layer of narrow hyphae 3-8 ym wide; marginal cells of the pileus clavate, 7-14 »m

wide. Fuscous colour of the pileus centre caused by pale brown sap of the hyphae

below the pseudoparenchyma.

Collections: — Solomon Islands, San Cristobal, Warahito R., July 1965, RSS 752,

752A, 752B; also seen on Guadalcanal, Kolombangara and Santa Ysabel.

var. minor var. nov.

Differt pileo —10 mm lato, conico-conyexo, subumbonato, haud ruguloso, pallide cervinoflavo; stipite

—30 x 1 mm, flavidulo; lamellis uncinato-adnexis albis vel subincarnatis; sporis angustioribus, 7-9 x

4.3-5 um; cystidiis brevioribus —75 x 8-14 »m. Ad ramum delapsum inter muscos in silva montana.

Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, fl. Bembangan 1800 m alt., 25 Feb. 1964, RSNB 5489; herb. Cantab.

This was a common species in the Solomon Islands, relating 7 fu/vochracea with

T. fuscoalba. Compare, also, T- aurantiphylla. | describe var. minor for convenience

of record; it needs more collections to ascertain its position.

T. fuscomellea Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 212, f. 109, 110.

Pileus 3-6 mm wide, convex to plane and concave, mostly with a small umbo, striate

towards the margin, pale sordid honey-colour or ochraceous isabelline, centre fuscous

and minutely fibrillose. Stem 5-10 x 0.5-0.7 mm, base abrupt and byssoid, hollow,

pruinoso-puberulous, pale honey-colour to pale yellowish isabelline. Gills shortly

decurrent, scarcely crowded, narrow, often once furcate, 15-19 primaries 0.5 mm wide,

2-3 ranks, pallid white. Flesh 0.2-0.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, very thin,

waxy-soft, hygrophanous, concolorous. Smell none.

On a rotting trunk of Shorea (Dipterocarpaceae) in the forest. Singapore, Bukit

Timah.

Spores 4-5 x 3-3.5 um, pruniform, not amyloid. Basidia 18-26 x 5-6 um; sterig-

mata 4, 3-3.5 um long. Cheilocystidia 25-45 x 8-13 um, subcylindric, subclavate to

subventricose, some with a slender appendage —10 x 2-3 wm, numerous near the

stem but absent near the margin of the pileus, gill-edge fertile. Pleurocystidia none.

Caulocystidia —40 x 5-10 um, subcylindric to subventricose with a subcapitate apex

2-6 «m wide, some with pale umber sap. Pileocystidia similar but sparse, with umber

sap. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 200-700 x 10-30 um, walls —0.5 um thick,

70-250 ym long in the gills; oleiferous hyphae absent. Pileus without a pseudoparen-

chymatous hypodermis.

This species comes in the alliance of 7? anthidepas and T. mellea, and is distinguished

by the very small size of the fruit-body, the white gills, and the smaller spores. The

small size must be characteristic because hundreds of fruit-bodies grew along the large

fallen trunk. The yellow colour resides in the internal hyphae but I could not decide

if it was in the walls or the cytoplasm.

38 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

T. hispidula Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 214, f. 94a, 111, 112, pl. 51.

Pileus 10-28 mm wide, conical then convex to plane or concave, often subumbonate,

puberulous, striate towards the margin, at first fuscous umber to almost black, on ex-

pansion fuscous ochraceous; margin slightly incurved at first, puberulous. Stem 10-50

x 1-3 mm, attenuate upwards, hollow, waxy-tough, white puberulous, white, or slightly

fuliginous pruinose. Gills nearly free, adnexed to adnate, rather crowded, not veined,

cartilaginous, hispidulous, 12-24 primaries 2-4 mm wide, 3-5 ranks, fuscous umber

then white at maturity. Flesh 1 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-soft, in stem

and gills cartilaginous to almost toughly gelatinous, hygrophanous, concolorous, the

pileus pelliculose. Smell none.

On dead wood in montane forest. Malaya (Pahang, Cameron Highlands), Borneo

(Mt. Kinabalu).

Spores 6-8 x 4-5.5 um, not amyloid. Basidia 22-30 x 6-8 um; sterigmata (2-)4,

4 um long. Cheilocystidia 50-150 x 13-25 um, cylindric to subclavate, the obtuse apex

15-27 pm wide, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia similar but somewhat ventricose,

the obtuse apex 7-15 um wide, copious. Caulocystidia and pileocystidia —250 x

25-45 ym, the obtuse apex 15-33 wm wide, subcylindric to subconic, the subventricose

base set with short supporting hyphal ends —30 x 3-10 um, wall slightly thickened,

with densely oleaginous cytoplasm at the apex. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —2000

x 10-25 um in the stem, —40 um wide in the pileus, walls —1.5 »m thick and sub-

gelatinous; oleiferous hyphae 3-6 »m wide, few. Surface of pileus with radiating hyphae

3-7 pm wide, with submucilaginous walls, forming the colourless pellicle 20-30 »m

thick in the centre of the pileus; hypodermis pseudoparenchymatous, 150-200 »m

thick in the centre of the pileus, the cells 30-120 x 15-50 um, walls —1.5 wm thick

and submucilaginous, with umber cell-sap; narrow hyphae internal in the pileus also

with umber sap.

var. bispora Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 216, f. 88, 113, 114, pl. 3B.

Spores 7-10 x 4.5-6 ym. Basidia 23-30 x 6-8 pm; sterigmata 2, 4 um long.

Singapore.

Among the species with fuscous brown pileus this is distinguished not only by the

non-decurrent gills but by the minutely hispidulous surface to all parts of the fruit-

body, caused by the cystidia which are the largest in the genus. It is related with

T. fulvochracea.

In the primordial state of the fruit-body, stem and pileus are covered with a palisade

of colourless, clavate or subventricose, cells —50 x 7-15 um, as a sterile hymenium.

Some of these enlarge into the long mature cystidia which do not form a palisade. As

the inner tissues inflate, so spaces appear in the original palisade and new elements

are added. Finally, on full expansion, the original palisades are disrupted and the short

clavate cells collapse, though it seems that the narrow superficial hyphae continue to

produce more throughout the life of the fruit-body. The original structure can be seen

at the margin of the pileus.

T. holochlora (Berk. et Br.) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 218.

Gerronema holochlora (Berk. et Br.) Pegler, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. 6 (1977) 85; Add. Ser. XII (1986) 85.

T. rubida (Berk. et Br.) Corner, Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 233.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 39

This species is redescribed by Pegler who gives the spores as 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-5.7 »m

and inamyloid. It is remarkable for the reddening of the tissues on drying and on treat-

ment with dilute alkali. It occurs in East Africa and Ceylon which suggests, as I suspect

in many species of 7rogia, that the mycelium grows only on the wood of particular

trees. In the case of 7 rubida, I noticed that the hyphae were encrusted with yellow

granules, but this is not noted for 7. holochiora.

Trogia icterinoides sp. nov. Figure 12

Receptacula pallide cremea vel pallide ochracea. Pileus —20 mm latus, convexus dein planus, centro

depresso, laevis subviscidus striatus. Stipes —28 x 1.5-2.5 mm, primo puberulo-pruinosus mox laevis,

basi abrupto. Lamellae decurrentes arcuatae distantes, interstitiis haud venosis, primariae 14-19, —2.5 mm

latae, ordinibus (1-)2. Caro ceraceo-cartilaginea. Odor nullus. Sporae 6-7 x 5.5-6.5 um, subglobosae,

pallide amyloideae. Basidia 38-47 x 7-8.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4-5 »m longs. Cheilocystidia —18 ,m lata,

clavata, sparsa vel nulla, acie !amellae fertili. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia —110 x 7-22 um, clavata

vel ventricosa, copiosa sed collabefientia. Pileocystidia nulla sed ad marginem pilei ut caulocystidia colla-

befientia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —1500 x 30 ym; oleiferae sparsae. Ad

lignum putridum gregaria in silva montana. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1600 m alt., Feb. 1964, RSNB 5364;

herb. Cantab.

Wholly pale cream drab or very pale ochraceous bistre. Pileus —22 mm wide, con-

vex then place, centre depressed, smooth, subviscid, striate. Stem —28 x 1.5-2.5 mm,

finely puberulous pruinose but soon smooth, hollow, base abrupt, dry. Gills decurrent,

arcuate, rather distant, not veined, 14-19 primaries —2.5 mm wide, (1I-)2(-3) ranks.

Flesh waxy subcartilaginous. Smell none.

On rotten wood, in troops, in montane forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu.

Spores 6-7 x 5.5-6.5 wm, subglobose, pale violaceous brown amyloid. Basidia

38-47 x 7-8.5 ym; sterigmata 4, 4-5 wm long. Cheilocystidia —18 »m wide, clavate,

very scattered along the fertile gill-edge or absent (even from young gills). Pleurocystidia

none. Caulocystidia —110 x 7-22 pm, clavate to subventricose with obtuse apex,

abundant, collapsing. Pileocystidia none or at the margin of the pileus as the caulo-

cystidia and collapsing; margin of pileus with clavate cells 8-20 ~m wide. Hyphae

sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —1500 x 28 um (? longer); oleiferous hyphae

el,

Fig. 12. Trogia icterinoides. Fruit-body, x 2. Spores,

x 1000. Caulocystidia, « 500. Collection, RSNB

5364.

40 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

few, narrow. Surface of pileus without a special layer, the fusiform cells approaching

the surface.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1600 m alt., Bembangan R., 19 Feb. 1964, RSNB

5364; 25 Feb. 1964, RSNB 5364A.

Superficially this is very like 7 seriflua which has a sterile gill-edge, abundant

pleurocystidia, and copious oleiferous hyphae. They seem to be extremes of one species.

T. impartita Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 219.

Fruit-bodies white, then sordid or greyish. Pileus 2-20 mm wide, plane, smooth,

striate. Stem 6-25 x 0.5-2 mm, hollow, minutely pruinose to glabrous. Gills decurrent,

subdistant, interstices smooth, 7-20 primaries 1-2 mm wide, 1(-2) ranks. Flesh thin,

subcartilaginous. Smell none.

On dead wood in the forest. Borneo to the Solomon Islands, Brazil.

Spores (4.5-)6-8 x (3.5-)3.7-5 um, pale amyloid. Basidia 25-30 x 6 um; sterigmata

4. Cystidia none or scattered cheilocystidia —50 x 7-11 um (Brunei collection). Caulo-

cystidia and pileocystidia —40 x 5-8 um, clavate to subventricose, sparse. Hyphae

clamped; fusiform cells much elongate, —20 um wide, walls scarcely thickened.

Key to the varieties of 7? impartita

PPileus: 2=20immiiwides Gills ini l(—2) transis eee eee eee eee ee v. Impartita

1. Pileus 20-35 mm wide. Gills in 2-3 ranks.

2. Pileus white to yellowish. Gills —2 mm wide, interstices poroid reticulate ......... var. major

2. Pileus*ereyishe Gills’ 2=4\ am) Wider tee sere eerie setae ars = ene eee eee Petcare var. griseola

var. impartita

As above.

Collections: — Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 24 Oct. 1948, Corner 243; pileus 2-5 mm

wide; stem 6-25 x 0.5-0.7 mm; gills with 11-15 primaries 1.5-2 mm wide, 1(-2) ranks;

spores 6-7 x 4-5 um; gill-cystidia none. — Brunei, Ulu Belalong, 17 Feb. 1959,

Corner s.n.; pileus —5 mm wide; stem —12 x 1 mm; gills with 7-10 primaries —1 mm

wide, 1(-2) ranks; spores 4.5-6.5(-7) x 3.5-5 pm; cheilocystidia —SO x 7-11 pum,

subventricose with short obtuse to subfiliform appendage 2-3 ym wide, scattered.

— Solomon Islands, Santa Ysabel, Tetamba, 28 Sept. 1965, RSS 1465; pileus —10 mm

wide; stem 6-9 x 0.5 mm; gills with 9-12 primaries —1 mm wide, 1(-2) ranks; spores

6-8 x 4-5 pm; cystidia none. — New Guinea, Lae (original description).

I have given these details to show that here is a widespread species, probably pan-

tropical. Being simplified and colourless, it is difficult to relate with others but var.

griseola with a vestige of colour suggests affinity with 7 obfuscata and T. subglobo-

spora. Maybe it merges into 7: raphanolens.

var. griseola var. nov.

Pileus 20-35 mm latus, pallide griseofuscus vel griseolus. Stipes 15-22 x 1.5-3 mm, albus. Lamellae

adnato-decurrentes distantae, primariae 11-14, 2-4 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3, raro furcatae, interstitiis haud

vel vix rugulosis. Sporae 6-7 x 3.5-4.3 «m, pallide amyloideae. Cheilocystidia —70 x 15 .m, clavata vel

subventricosa, obtusa, inappendiculata, sparsa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia —50 x 13 ym, ut

cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia —35 «.m longa, subcylindrica obtusa sparsa. Hyphae ut in var. impartita. Ad

lignum putridum in silva. Borneo, Sarawak, Gunong Matang 700 m alt., 20 Aug. 1972, Corner P-117;

herb. Cantab.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 41

var. major var. nov.

Ut var. impartita sed pileo —30 mm lato; stipite —30 x 2 mm; lamellis primariis 15-18, 1.5-2 mm

latis, ordinibus 2-3, interstitiis leniter poroideo-reticulatis. Ad lignum in silva. Nova Guinea, Lae, 4 Sept.

1960, Corner s.n.

T. inaequalis (Berk. et Br.) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 219; Pegler (1986) 119.

This species of Ceylon is retained in Trogia by Pegler. The genus is said to differ

from Gerronema in having very narrow or pliciform gills. Those of 7 inaequalis are

now given as linear venose to distinctly lamellate 0.2-1 mm wide; thus, it bridges the

generic difference.

T. infundibuliformis (Berk. et Br.) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 220, f. 115, pl. SH; Pegler, Agaric Flora Sri Lanka (1986) 121.

I refer to my description of this fairly common paleotropical species. Pegler (1977)

records it from East Africa and adds other synonyms. He regards T. grisea (Berk.) Pat.

as, possibly, only the young state of T. infundibuliformis. In my monography (p. 220),

the reference of Fig. 115b to 7 grisea was a mistake; it should be 7. subgelatinosa.

Compare the closely allied 7 venulosa.

Trogia lateralis sp. nov. Figure 13

Receptacula parva, breviter pleuropodalia, flavidulo-alba vel alba. Pileus —12 mm latus, convexus

laevis subviscidus, haud striatus. Stipes 2-3 x 1 mm, puberulus. Lamellae adnato-decurrentes distantae,

interstitiis haud venosis, primariae 7-9, 1.5-2 mm latae, ordinibus 2(-3). Caro in stipite ceraceo-firma,

in pileo subtenax, haud hygrophana. Sporae 6-7.5 x 4-4.5 um, late ellipsoideae, inamyloideae. Basidia

27-35 x 5.5-6.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4 um longa. Cheilocystidia —35 x 6-15 um, clavata vel ventricosa,

obtusa, apice aliquando sublobata, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Hymenium —100 um

incrassatum. Caulocystidia —100 x 4-12 um, subcylindrica vel fusiformi-subventricosa. Pileocystidia nulla.

Hyphae in stipite sarcodimiticae, in pileo lamellisque monomiticae; cellulae fusiformes 90-800 7-23 um,

tunicis —1 »m crassis. Adlignum putridissimum in silva montana. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1600 m

alt., 8 March 1964, RSNB 5685; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies very small, shortly pleuropodal, pale yellowish white to white or drab

white. Pileus —12 mm wide, convex, smooth, subviscid, not striate. Stem 2-3 x 1 mm,

puberulous. Gills adnato-decurrent, distant, with flat smooth interstices, 7-9 primaries

1.5-2 mm wide, 2(-3) ranks. Flesh waxy-firm in the stem, rather tough in the pileus,

not hygrophanous. Smell none.

On very rotten wood in the montane forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu.

Spores 6-7.5 x 4-4.5 um, rather pruniform, broadly ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia

27-35 x 5.5-6.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4 1m long. Cheilocystidia —35 x 6-13 um, clavate

to ventricose, obtuse, apex sometimes obtusely lobed, as a broad sterile gill-edge.

Pleurocystidia none. Hymenium thickening —100 wm. Caulocystidia —100 x 4-12 um,

subcylindric to fusiform-subventricose, obtuse, unevenly inflated, occasionally branched

or lobed, as a fairly compact palisade passing at the stem-apex along the gill-edges

as cheilocystidia and, by septation of the hyphal ends, into the hymenium. Pileocystidia

none. Hyphae sarcodimitic in the stem, monomitic in the pileus and gills; fusiform

cells 90-800 x 7-23 um, occasionally with broad septa, walls —1 wm thick and

minutely uneven; narrow hyphae 2-5(-6) wm wide, with cells —250 um long, the walls

often 0.5-1 wm thick; hyphae in the trama of pileus and gills —7 »m wide or, in places,

slightly inflated. Surface of the pileus with a mucilaginous layer, —60 um thick in the

centre of the pileus, composed of hyphae 1-2.5 um wide with lobed tips as the ends

of short inflated processes 4-9 »m wide and derived from hypodermal hyphae (as if

Fig. 13. Trogia lateralis. Fruit-body, x 2. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia,

x 500. Sterile hymenium at stem-apex (upper centre) and caulocystidia

(upper right), x S00. Surface of pileus (lower left) and stem-tissue

(lower right), x 1000. Collection, RSNB 5685. ~

a palisade of transformed pileocystidia); hypodermis —70 um thick, composed of in-

flated cells —120 x 18 um, not pseudoparenchymatous; margin of pileus with clavate

cells 4-9 wm wide, those on the upper side developing the excrescent mucilage-processes.

This is a degenerate Trogia that might be put in Marasmiellus, but the stem retains

the sarcodimitic construction. Compare 7. decipiens var. pleurotella with pleurocystidia.

T. marasmioides has the same kind of surface to the pileus.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 43

Trogia latifolia sp. nov. Figure 14

Pileus —11 cm latus, planus subumbonatus virgatus, in centro furfuraceo-pruinosus, hygrophanus

fuscibrunneolus, marginem versus substriatus albidus. Stipes —60 x 9 mm, fistulosus fibroso-cartilagineus,

basi abrupto, pallide concolor. Lamellae emarginato-adnatae latissime subconfertae costatae, interstitiis

subreticulatis, acie dentata, primariae c. 50, —20 mm latae, ordinibus 4, pallide concolores, marginem

versus albidae. Caro in centro pilei 4-5 mm crassa, hygrophana subfissilis, in stipite firma, concolor. Odor

fragrans, subsaponaceus. Sporae 5.7-7 x 3.5-4 um, inamyloideae. Cystidia nulla, acie lamellae fertili.

Caulocystidia et pleurocystidia —45 x 6-10 um, cylindrica, clavata vel ventricosa, collabefientia. Hyphae

sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —2200 x 17-28 um, tunicis —1 um crassis; oleiferae 4-7 p.m

latae. Pileus since hypodermate pseudoparenchymatico. Ad truncum putridum in silva montana. Borneo,

Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1700 m alt., RSNB 8217; herb. Cantab.

Pileus —11 cm wide, plane, swubumbonate, pale fuscous brownish, pallid whitish and

substriate at the margin, fibrillosely streaked, over the disc finely scurfy pruinose,

hygrophanous, not viscid. Stem —6cm x 9 mm, cylindric, hollow, fibrous-cartilaginous,

paler concolorous, slightly scurfy pruinose downwards, base abrupt. Gills emarginate,

adnate, very broad, rather crowded, becoming strongly ribbed on the sides with

subreticulate interstices, edge uneven and dentate, c. 50 primaries —20 mm wide, 4

ranks, pale fuscous fawn drab, paler to the whitish margin. Flesh 4-5 mm thick in the

centre of the pileus, thin over the limb, hygrophanous, firm in the stem and somewhat

fissile, concolorous. Smell slightly soapy, fragrant.

On a rotten trunk in the forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1700 m alt., 10 April 1964.

Spores 5.7-7 x 3.5-4 wm, not amyloid. Cystidia none, the gill-edge fertile. Caulo-

cystidia and pileocystidia —45 x 6-10 um, cylindric, clavate or ventricose, collapsing.

Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —2200 x 17-28 um, walls —1 um thick;

narrow hyphae 2-6 um wide, many with walls —1 um thick; oleiferous hyphae 4-7 »m

wide. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

Fig. 14. Trogia latifolia (right) and T. tricholomatoides. Fruit-bodies, x 1. Spores, x 1000.

Pileocystidia of T. tricholomatoides, x S00. Type-specimens.

44 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

This has the lustiest fruit-bodies that I have yet found in tropical Trogia. It is close

to T. tricholomatoides of Ceylon which has whitish fruit-bodies and slightly amyloid,

wider spores. Both resemble the north temperate Collybia platyphylla Fr., placed in

Tricholomopsis by Singer and Megacollybia by Kotlaba and Pouzar; it is probably

sarcodimitic and, thus, quite different from 7 rutilans, as the type of Tricholomopsis.

If it were not for its narrow spores, I would regard 7. /atifolia as a massive form of

T. ceraceomollis.

T. lilaceogrisea Corner Plate 1

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 221.

Pileus —9 cm wide, conical to convexo-plane, then concave and undulate, often

subumbonate, minutely furfuraceo-squamulose in the centre, the limb virgate with

innate fibrils, opaque, greyish lilaceous or fuscous vinaceous to vinaceous livid; margin

not or slightly incurved, exceeding the gills. Stem —SO x 2.5-7 mm above, 4-9 mm

at the abrupt base, hollow, white, white to pale fuscous vinaceous pruinose. Gills

uncinato-adnexed, sinuato-adnate, to adnato-decurrent, subdistant, not or scarcely

veined at the base, not forked, 24-30 primaries 3-7 mm wide, 3(-4) ranks, white. Flesh

1-2.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, hygrophanous, cartilaginous. Smell strong,

farinaceous.

On fallen trunks and branches in montane forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu.

Spores 6.5-8.5 x 4.5-5.5 um, broadly ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 20-26 x

6.5-8 wm; sterigmata 4, 4 1m long. Cheilocystidia 35-140 x 7-30 um, mostly cylindric-

subclavate, varying subventricose with obtuse apex 7-16 »m wide, as a wide sterile gill-

edge. Pleurocystidia caulocystidia and pileocystidia similar, some with the wall slightly

Aintutaan rin

Plate 1. Trogia lilaceogrisea. Borneo, Kinabalu, 3 March 1964.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 45

thickened. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells much elongate, —25 um wide, wall —1 ym

thick. Pileus with pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis, the cells with pale fuscous sap;

the narrow superficial hyphae with many oil-drops (? giving the lilac tint).

var. bispora Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 221, f. 116-118, pl. 5C.

Pileus —4.5 cm wide, su/cato-striate to the subvillous rugulose centre, sometimes with

papilliform umbo, fuscous umber with lilaceous tint or merely fuscous grey, paler on

expansion. Stem —20 x 3.5-5 mm. Gills sinuate to adnato-decurrent, distant, with

13-16 primaries in 2-4 ranks, or rather crowded with 25-32 primaries in 3-5 ranks,

paler concolorous with the pileus, whitish towards the edge. Smell ?

On fallen wood in lowland and montane forest. Malay Peninsula (Singapore; Pahang,

Cameron Highlands).

Spores 8-11 x 6-7 pm. Basidia 33-48 x 7-8 pm; sterigmata 2, 5-6 um long.

Cystidia with conspicuous oil-drops; pleurocystidia wholly immersed or projecting

—65 wm, some with a tramal stalk —200 x 3-5 ym. Hyphae without clamps; fusiform

cells 200-1100 x 15-65 um in the stem with walls 1-2 um thick, 1S0-SO00 x 15-50 um

in the pileus and gills with walls —0.5 pm thick; narrow hyphae 1.5-5 wm wide,

becoming slightly thick-walled in the stem. Surface of pileus with an ill-defined layer

of narrow hyphae 3-6 pm wide and 1-3 hyphae thick, producing the pileocystidia, with

oil-drops; hypodermis pseudoparenchymatic, 2-4 cells thick, the cells 45-100 x

15-45 ym, with pale fuscous umber sap.

Later collections have enabled me to improve the original descriptions. The species

is rather common on Mt. Kinabalu at 1200-1700 m alt., and I add the collections RSNB

5536, 5536A and 5536B, but I have not met with it elsewhere. Var. bispora seems

limited to the Malay Peninsula and may prove to be a separate spcies; its fusiform cells

are exceptionally wide. The species is allied with 7: cystidiata and T- fulvochracea. The

umber pileus with lilaceous tint and the farinaceous smell are characteristic.

Trogia limonospora sp. nov. Figure 15

Receptacula albida dein cremeo-flavidula. Pileus —18 mm latus, convexo-planus laevis striatus. Stipes

12-18 x 1-2 mm, fistulosus pruinosus basi villoso. Lamellae adnatae vel adnato-decurrentes tenues

angustae, primariae 21-34, —1.5 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4. Caro tenuis ceracea firma. Odor nullus. Sporae

8-11 x 4.5-5.5 um, ellipsoideae pruniformes subacuminatae inamyloideae. Basidia 22-26 x 7-8 um;

sterigmata 4, 3 um long. Cheilocystidia —45 = 6-10 um, subventricosa, in acie sterili instructa. Pleuro-

cystidia nulla. Caulocystidia ut cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia nulla. Endocystidia ut in 7. endocystidiata,

—12 um lata. Ad truncum delapsum in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Guadalcanal, Tsuva, 8 Nov. 1965, RSS

1759; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, then cream yellowish. Pileus —18 mm wide, convexo-plane,

smooth, striate. Stem 12-18 x 1-2 mm, cylindric, hollow, wholly pruinose, base white

villous. Gills adnate to adnato-decurrent, crowded, thin, narrow, primaries 21-24

—1.5 mm wide, 3-4 ranks. Flesh 1.5-2 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy, firm.

Smell none.

On a fallen trunk in the forest. Solomon Islands (Guadalcanal).

Spores 8-11 x 4.5-5.5 um, ellipsoid pip-shaped, often subacuminate, not amyloid.

Basidia 22-26 x 7-8 um; sterigmata 4, 3 wm long. Cheilocystidia —45 x 6-10 ym,

subventricose with subcapitate apex 4-9 um wide, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia

none. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia, the apex —11 ym wide, abundant. Pileo-

cystidia apparently absent. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —1100 x

25 wm, walls 0.5-1 wm thick; narrow hyphae often with slightly thickened walls;

oleiferous hyphae absent; in the pileus monomitic with cells —350 um long, and with

Fig. 1S. Trogia limonospora. Fruit-bodies,

x 2. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia,

x 500. Collection, RSS 1759.

abundant endocystidia as in 7: endocystidiata, —12 um wide. Pileus without a pseudo-

parenchymatous hypodermis.

This small species, allied with 7 endocystidiata, is very close to T: limonosporoides

which has larger fruit-bodies, smaller spores, pleurocystidia and larger endocystidia.

Nevertheless, they may be extremes of one species.

T. limonosporoides sp. nov. Figure 16

Receptacula alba dein flavo-alba, aetate subochracea. Pileus —35 mm latus, concavus subumbonatus

vel planus, laevis, marginem versus striatus. Stipes 10-25 x 1.5-2.5 mm, basi subtumido subvilloso,

pruinosus. Lamellae adnatae vel adnato-decurrentes, tenues confertae angustae, haud venosae, primariae

26-31, 1-2 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4(-5). Caro ceraceo-cornea dura. Odor nullus. Sporae 6.5-9 x 4-5.5 »m,

pruniformes inamyloideae. Basidia 18-23 x 7-8.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4-5 »m longa. Cheilocystidia 25-40

x 5-9 um, cylindrica vel subventricosa, saepe subcapitata, in acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia —75 x

7-10 um, clavata vel ventricosa, obtusa, intus dextrinoidea et aliquando guttulata, saepe plus minus

immersa, copiosa. Caulocystidia —50 x 4-8 um, anguste clavata, saepe subcapitata. Pileocystidia ut

cheilocystidia. Endocystidia —180 x 7-20, fusiformia multiguttulata, in pileo copiosa, in stipitis super-

ficie sparsa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 100-1500 x 7-20 um. Ad lignum

emortuum, ad petiolum palmae emortuum (Cocos nucifera) etiam ad terram. Insulae Solomonenses. Typus,

RSS 528; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white to pale yellowish, subochraceous in age. Pileus —35 mm wide,

convex, subumbonate, then plane, smooth, striate towards the margin. Stem 10-25 x

1.5-2.5 mm, central or excentric, finely pruinose, base slightly thickened and villous.

Gills adnate to adnato-decurrent, crowded, thin, narrow, 26-31 primaries 1-2 mm wide,

3-4(-5) ranks. Flesh waxy-horny, hard. Smell none.

On dead wood in the forest, on dead petioles of coconut palm, and on the ground.

Solomon Islands.

Spores 6.5-9 x 4-5.5 ym, citroniform, not amyloid. Basidia 18-23 x 7-8.5 um;

sterigmata 4, 4-5 nm long. Cheilocystidia 25-40 x 5-9 um, cylindric to subventricose,

mostly more or less capitate, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia —75 x 7-10 um,

clavate to ventricose with an obtuse apex 4-8 »m wide, guttulate, red-brown dextrinoid

in Melzer’s iodine, often more or less immersed, abundant. Caulocystidia —50 x

4-8 um, narrowly clavate to capitate as the cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia as the cheilo-

Fig. 16. | Trogia limonsporoides. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia (left),

caulocystidia and endocystidium, x 500. Collection, RSS 528.

cystidia, not in a compact palisade. Endocystidia —180 x 7-20 um, fusiform, thin-

walled, multiguttulate, abundant throughout the tissue of the pileus, scattered among

and just below the narrow superficial hyphae of the stem. Hyphae sarcodimitic in the

stem, monomitic in the pileus with cells —300 x 17 um; fusiform cells 100-1500 x

7-20 pm; oleiferous hyphae few, narrow. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis.

Collections: — Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego, 3 July 1965, RSS 528; Nuhu, 4 Nov. 1965,

RSS 1728. — Santa Ysabel, Cockatoo Anchorage, 19 Sept. 1965, on coconut petioles,

RSS 1409.

This species is similar to 7: decipiens but differs in the shape of the spores and

cheilocystidia and in the presence of large endocystidia. The difference from T. /imono-

spora are given under that species. The pleurocystidia of 7: /imonosporoides are

rendered very conspicuous in Melzer’s iodine. Perhaps, all three species belong in one

complex allied with 7 endocystidiata and T. seriflua.

Trogia macra sp. nov. Figure 17, Plate 2

Receptacula pallide primulino- vel citrino-flavida, etiam mellea, ceraceo-cornea, putrescentia, hygro-

phana. Pileus 3-9 cm latus, conico-conyvexus dein planus, submembranaceus laevis, striatus vel sulcato-

striatus, sicco centro subsquamuloso. Stipes 20-45 x 2-4 mm, saepe compressus, fistulosus pruinosulus,

basi abrupto. Lamellae breviter decurrentes, angustae, marginem pilei versus pliciformes evanescentes,

subdistantae, saepe irregulariter furcatae et subreticulatae, interstitiis plerumque laevibus, primariae 13-20,

prope stipitem 0.5-1.5 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3(-4). Caro 0.5-1 mm crassa in centro pilei. Odor nullus.

Sporae 7-10 x 4.5-6 .m, inamyloideae. Basidia 42-55 x 6-7.5 um; sterigmata 4, 4 um longa. Cheilo-

cystidia nulla. Pleurocystidia 60-140 x 9-15 um, —50 um projicientia, saepe immersa, cylindrica vel

subyentricosa, apice obtuso 7-12 ym lato, raro attenuato, copiosa. Hymenium haud incrassatum. Caulo-

cystidia et pileocystidia —100 »m longa, ut pleurocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae

fusiformes —1800 x 45 um, tunicis 1-3 um crassis; angustae 1.5-5 um latae. Ad truncos emortuos in silva

montana. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1700 m alt. Typus, RSNB 5109B; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies wholly pale primrose or lemon yellow, also honey-colour, subtrans-

lucent, waxy-horny, hygrophanous. Pileus 3-9 cm wide, conico-convex then plane,

submembranous, striate or sulcato-striate, smooth or drying subsquamulose in the

centre. Stem 20-45 x 2-4 mm, cylindric, often flattened, hollow, base abrupt, wholly

minutely pruinose. Gills shortly decurrent, swbdistant, narrow, vein-like and disappearing

Plate 2. Trogia macra. Borneo, Kinabalu, RSNB 5109.

ZED

Fig. 17. Trogia rosea, (above and lower right, RSNB 5100B) and

T. macra (lower left, RSNB 5109B). Fruit-bodies, x 1.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 49

towards the margin of the pileus, often irregularly forked or subreticulate, the interstices

mostly smooth, 13-20 primaries 0.5-1.5 mm wide near the stem, 2-3(-4) ranks. Flesh

0.5-1 mm thick in the centre of the pileus. Smell none.

On fallen rotting trunks in montane forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu.

Spores 7-10 x 4.5-6 um, not amyloid. Basidia 42-55 x 6-7.5 ym; sterigmata 4,

4 um long. Cheilocystidia none, gill-edge fertile. Pleurocystidia 60-140 x 9-15 ym,

projecting —50 um but many immersed, cylindric to subventricose with obtuse apex

7-12 wm wide, rarely attenuate, thin-walled, contents cloudy-vacuolate, abundant.

Caulocystidia and pileocystidia —100 um long, as the pleurocystidia. Hymenium not

thickening. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —1800 x 45 um, walls

1-3 um thick; narrow hyphae 1.5—-5 ym wide. Surface of pileus with radiating appressed

hyphae 3-8 um wide, the cylindric or subclavate ends appressed or divergent, occa-

sionally subfasciculate over the centre of the pileus; without a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis. Tissue not reddening in KOH.

Collections: — Pinosuk Plateau, 25 Jan. 1964, RSNB 5109, and 28 Feb. 1964, RSNB

5109A; Mesilau, 8 April 1964, RSNB 5109B, 10 April 1964, RSNB 5109C, and 24 April

1964, RSNB 5109D.

The specific epithet refers to the skinny appearance of the fruit-body (macer,

not macros). It is like a yellowish 7. silvestris with vestigial gills and without an

umbonate pileus. As a typical 7rogia, it shows the superfluity of Vanromburghia.

Microscopically the two species are almost identical but 7; macra lacks the hypodermis

on the pileus and its hymenium does not thicken. 7) rosea is another ally. The three

are fairly common in the mountain forest of Kinabalu and there appear to be no

intermediates.

T. mammillata sp. nov.

Receptacula alba. Pileus —5 mm latus, convexus, acute umbonatus, striatus. Stipes —12 x 0.5 mm,

centralis, basi abrupto. Lamellae decurrentes distantae, saepe pliciformes, interstitiis planis, primariae 8-12,

ordinibus 1(-2). Odor nullus. Sporae 5.5-8(-9) x 4-5.2 um, paullo amyloideae. Basidia 23-28 x 7 um;

sterigmata (?1-)2-4. Cystidia nulla. Caulocystidia ut basidia sterilia, sparsa. Pileocystidia nulla. Hyphae

sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes in stipite —1100 x 6-16 »m. Ad ramum dejectum in silva

montana. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, 3100 m alt., 13 Jul. 1961, RSNB 814; typus, herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white. Pileus —5 mm wide, convex, acutely umbonate, smooth, striate.

Stem —12 x 0.5 mm, central, base abrupt. Gills decurrent, distant, shallow, often fold-

like, with smooth interstices, 8-12 primaries, 1(-2) ranks. Smell none.

On a fallen branch in montane forest, gregarious. Borneo, mt. Kinabalu, east ridge,

3100 m alt.

Spores 5.5-8(-9) x 4-5.2 um, ellipsoid or pip-shaped, drying 1l-guttate with very

hyaline thin wall, pale vinaceous amyloid. Basidia 23-28 x 7 ym; sterigmata (?1-)2-4.

Hymenium not thickening; no basidioles. Cystidia none. Caulocystidia as small scat-

tered sterile basidia. Pileocystidia none. Hyphae sarcodimitic clamped; fusiform cells

in the stem —1100 x 6-16 wm. Surface of pileus with appressed radiating narrow

hyphae; no special hypodermis.

This tiny little toadstool resembles a diminutive 7) impartita, except for the very

prominent umbo, thus showing that the form of the pileus has no generic significance

in the alliance of 7rogia. | found it but once at the high altitude on Kinabalu where

the forest was composed mainly of podocarp, oak, laurel, myrtaceous trees, and

rhododendron.

50 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Trogia marasmioides sp. nov. Figures 18, 19

Pileus 10-20 mm latus, mesopodalis concavus vel sublateralis reniformis vel flabelliformis, laevis

substriatus, sordide flavido-albus. Stipes 3-6 x 1.5-2.5 mm sublateralis vel —18 <x 2 mm cum basi 3 mm

centralis, solidus pruinosulus concolor, dein e basi villoso subfuscus. Lamellae adnatae vel subdecurrentes

distantae crassiusculae obtusae, primariae 10-16, 2-4 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4, albidae dein flavidulae.

Caro tenax. Odor ut Ganoderma. Sporae 6-8 x 4-4.7 um, pseudo-amyloideae. Basidia 30-42 x 6-7 um;

sterigmata 4, 4 1m longa. Cheilocystidia —55 x 5-8 ym, subcylindrica subclavata aut irregulariter ramoso-

lobulata, ut acie sterile instructa sed collabefientia. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia 35-200 x 5-9 »m,

ut cheilocystidia sed multo ramoso-lobulata, hyphis 1.5-2.5 »m investita. Pileocystidia nulla. Hyphae sar-

codimiticae dein plus minus sarcotrimiticae, fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes in stipite 120-600 x 6-18 pm,

tunicis 0.5-1 «m crassis; angustae 3-6 «m latae, ramulis subligativis. Superficies pilei strato agglutinato

40-70 »m crasso ex hyphis 1-2 ym latis obtecta. Ad truncum delapsum in silva montana. Borneo,

Mt. Kinabablu, Mesilau 1700 m alt., 16 March 1964, RSNB 5821; herb. Cantab.

Pileus 10-20 mm wide, centric and concave to sublateral and reniform or flabelli-

form, smooth, substriate, pale dingy yellowish white. Stem 3-6 x 1.5-2.5 mm when

lateral or nearly so, —18 x 2 mm and 3 mm at the base when more or less centric,

subcylindric, solid, concolorous then subfuscous from the villous base, somewhat

pruinose. Gills adnate to subdecurrent, rather thick and distant, obtuse, firm, 10-16

primaries 2-4 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, pallid white then dull yellowish. Flesh c. 11 mm

thick in the centre of the pileus, firm, tough. Smell somewhat of Ganoderma.

On a fallen trunk in the forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1700 m alt.

Spores 6-8 x 4-4.7 um, ellipsoid, obtuse, with oleaginous contents, pseudo-amyloid

(pale brownish in Melzer’s iodine). Basidia 30-42 x 6-7 yum, narrowly clavate; sterig-

mata 4, 4 wm long; no acerose basidioles; subhymenium 30-50 pm thick, composed

of 1.5-3 »m hyphae divergent and radiating from the trama of longitudinal hyphae,

rather compact, subagglutinated (? thickening hymenium). Cheilocystidia —55 x

5-8 ym, subcylindric or subclavate, variously and irregularly lobed at the apex, ir-

regularly branched or nodular, as a sterile gill-edge but eventually collapsing. Pleuro-

cystidia none. Caulocystidia 35-200 x 5-9 wm, subcylindric, often irregular and

nodulose, developing short lobes or obtuse hyphal processes with thin or slightly

thickened walls, separated into groups by the elongation of the stem, becoming invested

with narrow excrescent hyphae 1.5-2.5 »m wide with thin or slightly thickened walls,

simple or branching, with forms intermediate to the caulocystidia; narrow excrescent

hyphae copious at the base of the stem. Pileocystidia none. Hyphae sarcodimitic, then

more or less sarcotrimitic, clamped; in the stem strictly longitudinal, compact, with

fusiform cells 120-600 x 6-18 um, walls 0.5-1 um thick, with tapered ends or sub-

truncate; narrow hyphae 3-6 »m wide, with intricate narrower branches 1-2 wm wide,

distantly septate with slightly thickened walls; in the pileus with shorter fusiform cells

— 300 nm long, becoming separated in a mass of narrow hyphae and binding processes,

many developing from the stiffly branched and often irregular inflated cells; gill-trama

as the flesh of the pileus. Surface of pileus with an agglutinated layer 40-70 um thick,

composed of fine branched hyphae 1-2 »m wide with toughly subgelatinous walls,

arising from narrow hypodermal hyphae and from rows of inflated short-celled hypo-

dermal hyphae (cells 20-50 x 7-20 um); no distinct pseudoparenchyma or pileocystidia.

This species has the structure of TJrogia modified by the great production of narrow

insinuating hyphae, like binding hyphae, which permeate the internal tissue and invest

the cystidia on stem and gill-edge, where they assume more or less the form of the

cystidia. The agglutinated surface of the pileus resembles that found in 7: /ateralis.

T. mellea Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 223, pl. 4H.

Pileus 4-23 mm wide, convex then plane, often umbilicate, sometimes umbonate,

at first fuliginous furfuraceous or pruinose, then on expansion pale honey-yellow with

Fig. 18. | Trogia marasmioides. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, <x 1000. Hymenium

and cheilocystidia, x 500. Surface of stem (left) and of pileus (right),

x 500. Collection, RSNB 5821.

brownish centre and the limb streaked with innate fuliginous fibrils, striate; margin

incurved at first, often lacerate on expansion. Stem 3-10 x 0.5-1 mm, cylindric or

slightly swollen at the abrupt base, fuscous to fuliginous pruinose, honey-yellow. Gills

shortly decurrent, subarcuate, subdistant, not or slightly venose-reticulate in the inter-

stices, 11-16 primaries 0.5-2 mm wide, 1-3 ranks, honey-yellow. Flesh thin, waxy-soft,

rather tough in the gills, hygrophanous, concolorous.

On dead sticks in the forest. Malay Peninsula, widespread.

Spores 7-9.5 x 4.5-5.5 wm, not amyloid. Basidia 35-40 x 6.5-7.5 um; sterigmata

(2-)4, 5-6.6 wm long. Cheilocystidia 26-44 x 7-10 um, subclavate to subventricose,

obtuse, thin-walled, hyaline, as a sterile gill-edge 65-90 um wide. Hymenium not

thickening. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia —70 x 7-12 um, as the cheilocystidia

but with umber sap. Pileocystidia 20-63 x 9-23 ym, clavate to subventricose, thin-

Fig. 19. | Trogia marasmioides. Hyphae of stem (left) and of pileus with lax

branching (right), x 500. Collection, RSNB 5821.

walled, with umber sap. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —2000 x 10-30 ym, walls

0.S-1 um thick; narrow hyphae abundant, at the base of the stem with walls —1 »m

thick. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

This is close to 7? anthidepas but the fruit-bodies are smaller, of more uniform

colour, and have larger cystidia on stem and pileus. Both of these have umber sap in

the cells and they form a continuous palisade over the primordium. Though common

in the Malay Peninsula, I have not met with the species elsewhere.

Trogia minima sp. nov.

Receptacula alba, pleuropodalia. Pileus 1-3 mm latus, subcucullatus convexus laevis. Stipes —1 x

0.3 mm, basi abrupto, puberulus. Lamellae ut plicis 2-4 prope apicem stipitis. Caro c. 250 um crassa in

centro pilei. Odor nullus. Sporae 4-5.5 x 3.7-4.5 jm, late ellipsoideae, haud vel vix amyloideae. Basidia

23-26 x 6-6.5 «um; sterigmata 4. Cystidia nulla. Caulocystidia —45 x 5-9 ym, clavata vel ventricosa,

basim stipitis versus apice prolongato filiformi. Pileocystidia vix evoluta, sed ad marginem pilei ut caulo-

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 33)

cystidia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —500 x 15 »m. Ad ramum dejectum in

silva, dense gregaria. Ins. Solomonenses, Kolombangara 600 m alt., 6 Sept. 1965, RSS 1291; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, pleuropodal. Pileus 1-3 mm wide, subcucullate, convex, smooth.

Stem —1 x 0.3 mm, puberulous, base abrupt. Gills as 2-4 faint folds about the stem-

apex, subdecurrent, the hymenium not venose-reticulate. Flesh c. 250 um thick in the

centre of the pileus, c. 100 ~m thick at the margin. Smell none.

On a rotting log in the forest, densely gregarious. Solomon Islands, Kolombangara

600 m alt.

Spores 4-5.5 x 3.7-4.5 um, broadly ellipsoid, not or very faintly amyloid. Basidia

23-26 x 6-6.5 um; sterigmata 4; no acerose basidioles. Cystidia none in the hymenium

(not thickening). Caulocystidia —45 x 5-9 wm, clavate to ventricose with more or less

prolonged filiform apex, passing into excrescent hyphae at the base of the stem, thin-

walled, smooth; mycelial hyphae at the base of the stem 3-6 um wide with slightly

thickened walls, almost forming a minute disc. Surface of pileus with appressed narrow

radiating hyphae producing short processes —20 x 1.5-3 wm; margin of pileus with

cystidia like the caulocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped: fusiform cells in the

stems —500 x 15 um, the outer stem-hyphae with short cells 22-150 um long with

broad septa (not secondarily septate). Pileus without pseudoparenchyma.

This minute fungus has the typical structure of Trogia of which it is almost a

cyphelliform derivative.

T. montagnei Fr.

Corner, Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 224; Pegler, Kew Bull. Add. Ser. VI (1977).

I refer to the brief description which I gave. Nothing more seems to be known about

the species which was said to have come from south India. Pegler gave the neotropical

T. buccinalis as a synonym, but that seems to have been a mistake.

T. mycenoides Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 226, f. 94b, 119-122, pl. 4B.

Pileus 5-30 mm wide, conical or subcylindric then plane and discoidal, smooth,

hygrophanous, striate, subsulcate, at first fuscous grey then, on expansion, pale livid

grey with fuscous striae; margin slightly incurved, then subcrenulate. Stem 20-50 x

1-1.5 mm, base abrupt and often slightly swollen and substrigose, cylindric, hollow,

pellucid white, fuliginous pruinose, the apex white pruinose. Gills uncinate, adnexed,

adnate or adnato-decurrent, subventricose, scarcely crowded, interstices not veined,

17-22 primaries 1.5-3 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, white. Flesh thin, waxy-soft but rather

tough in the stem. Smell none.

On rotten wood in the forest. Malay Peninsula (Johore, Singapore).

Spores 6-8 x 4-5 ym, not amyloid. Basidia 18-25 x 5-6.5 wm; sterigmata 4,

3-4 wm long. Cheilocystidia 30-70 x 10-30 um, clavate to ventricose, some appendaged

and with subcapitate apex 3-9 wm wide, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 60-100

x 10-25 pm, ventricose with obtuse apex 3-7 wm wide, projecting —70 um, rather

sparse. Caulocystidia 15-50 x 8-17 ym, clavate to subglobose, many with umber sap.

Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia but soon evanescent. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells

300-1500 x 10-30 nm, wall —1 um thick. Surface of pileus with a discontinuous layer

of narrow appressed hyphae 3-8 ym wide; hypodermis pseudoparenchymatous, 200 »m

thick in the centre of the pileus, composed of cells 40-100 x 15-45 um, in oblique

rows divergent to the surface and with the end-cells at the margin of the pileus forming

the evanescent pileocystidia. Colour of the pileus in pale umber sap of the narrow

superficial hyphae and those of the pseudoparenchyma.

This Mycena-like species is related with 7. fulvochracea.

54 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Trogia nigrescens sp. nov. Figures 20, 21

Receptacula sordide subochraceo-alba nigrescentia. Pileus 10-40 mm latus, convexus dein planus,

laevis sed in aetate rugulosus, hygrophanus opacus; margine primo incurvo. Stipes 20-50 x 2-4 mm, basi

abrupto subclayato subvilloso 4-8 mm lato, cartilagineus fistulosus subtenax pruinosus. Lamellae adnexae,

sinuatae vel adnatae, anguste confertissimae, raro furcatae, interstitiis haud venosis, primariae 35-50,

1-3 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4(-5). Caro 1.5-2.5 mm crassa in centro pilei, subtenax fissilis aquosa; succo

aquoso brunneo-griseo rufescenti dein nigrescenti. Odor nullus. Sporae (4.3-)5-6 x (3.7-)4-5 um, late

ellipsoideae, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 23-30 x 5-6 «m; sterigmata 4, 3 »m longa. Cheilocystidia —65

x 5-13 um, clavata vel ventricoso-appendiculata, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia ut cheilocystidia

ventricosa, collabefientia. Caulocystidia —35 x 2-5 ym vel —40 x 4-11 ym (RSS 657), cylindrica sub-

clavate vel subventricosa. Pileocystidia —40 x 7-12 um, ut cheilocystidia, in strato compacto dein disrupto.

Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 300-2000 x 12-40 .m, tunicis paullo incrassatis;

oleiferae vel succiferae 3-35 ym latae, copiosae. Ad truncos putridos in silva, solitaria vel subcaespitosa.

Borneo, Ins. Solomonenses. Typus, Borneo RSNB 5012; herb. Cantab.

ZZ)

Fig. 20. Trogia nigrescens. Fruit-body, x 1%. Spores and pileocystidia,

x 1000. Collection, RSNB 5012.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 55

Fruit-bodies sordid subochraceous white, reddening then blackening on bruising or

cutting. Pileus 10-40 mm wide, convex then plane, smooth or rugulose with age,

hygrophanous, opaque; margin at first incurved. Stem 20-50 x 2-4 mm above, 4-8 mm

wide at the abrupt subclavate subvillous base, often rather excentric, cartilaginous,

rather tough, hollow, wholly finely pruinose. Gills adnexed, sinuate or adnate, narrow,

very crowded, occasionally forked near the stem, interstices smooth, 35-50 primaries

1-3 mm wide, 3-4(-5) ranks. Flesh 1.5-2.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, rather

tough, fissile, very watery, exuding a copious brownish grey watery juice (on cutting)

turning red then black on exposure. Smell none.

On rotten trunks in the forest, solitary or subcaespitose. Borneo, Solomon Islands.

Spores (4.3-)5-6 x (3.7-)4-5 um, broadly ellipsoid, pale violaceous amyloid. Basidia

23-30 x 5-6 um; sterigmata 4, 3 um long. Cheilocystidia —65 x 5-13 um, forming

a broad sterile gill-edge, ventricose along the middle of the edge with a filiform ap-

pendage (blackening with age) —20 x 1.5-3 um, mostly clavate and shorter along the

sides of the gill-edge. Pleurocystidia as the ventricose cheilocystidia, —16 ~m wide,

infrequent, collapsing, easily overlooked. Hymenium not thickening, without acerose

basidioles. Caulocystidia as unbranched cylindric, subclavate to subventricose processes

—35 x 2-5 um, or (in RSS 657) —40 x 4-11 wm, abundant as a disrupted palisade,

a few ventricose cystidia towards the stem-apex. Pileocystidia —40 x 7-12 pm, clavate

Fig. 21. Trogia nigrescens. Gill-edge in section, x 1000. Collection, RSNB 5012.

56 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

and ventricose as the cheilocystidia, at first in a compact palisade, then disrupted

except near the margin of the pileus. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells

300-2000 x 12-40 um, some even longer, walls thin or slightly thickened, very abund-

ant; narrow hyphae 2-5 wm wide, some more or less inflated as transitions to the

fusiform cells (especially in the lower part of the stem); oleiferous or succiferous hyphae

3-35 ym wide, abundant throughout the tissue. Surface of pileus with a hypodermis

of short-celled inflated hyphae not compacted into a pseudoparenchyma; marginal cells

of the pileus 5-9 um wide, clavate; most of the flesh of the pileus sarcodimitic.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1300-1600 m alt.; Mesilau, 19 Jan. 1964, RSNB

5012; Kundasang, 13 Sept. 1961, RSNB 3015. — Solomon Islands, low alt., Guadalcanal,

Monitor Creek, 10 July 1965, RSS 657; Kolombangara, 23 Aug. 1965, RSS 1023.

var. violascens var. nov.

Receptacula alba, fractu violascentia dein nigrescentia. Pileus umbonatus. Sporae 3.3-4.5 ym latae.

Pilei hypodermis fere pseudoparenchymaticum. Ad lignum emortuum in silva, solitaria vel caespitosa. Ins.

Solomonenses, Kolombangara, RSS 1332; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, violaceous (not rufous) on cutting, then blackening. Pileus

10-30 mm wide, rather strongly or subacutely umbonate. Spores 5-6.5 x 3.3-4.5 um,

pale vinaceous amyloid. Caulocystidia —40 x 4-17 um, with slightly thickened walls.

Pileus with an almost pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis 100-150 um thick, composed

of rounded to oblong cells 8-37 »m wide. Solomon Islands.

Collections: — Kolombangara, sea-level, 30 Aug. 1965, RSS 1166 (immature) 700 m

alt., 7 Sept. 1965, RSS 1332; 800 m alt., 3 Sept. 1965, RSS 1223.

This well-defined species is an ally of 7 seriflua. Var. violascens is easily distinguished

in the living state. The collection RSS 1332 of this variety was peculiar in two ways.

The pileus was not umbonate. The surface of the pileus, in material preserved in

alcohol-formalin, had a firmly mucilaginous superficial layer 10-40 um thick, com-

posed of excrescent hyphae 2-3 wm wide and short pileocystidia, —35 x 5-12 um,

projecting from the almost pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis into the mucilage, but

not as a continuous palisade.

Trogia nitrosa sp. nov. Figure 22

Pileus 9-50 mm latus, conicus dein convexoplanus, vix umbonatus, hygrophanus, fere ad centrum

striatus, primo puberulus, pallide cervino-brunneus vel brunneo-melleus, centro obscuriori vel ferrugineo-

cervino, marginem versus albidus. Stipes 10-50 x 1-5 mm, basi abrupto vel (e radicibus emortuis) sub-

radicanti attenuato, minute puberulo-pruinosus, subconcolor, apicem versus albidus. Lamellae adnexae,

fere liberae, ventricosae subdistantes, interstitiis subreticulatis, primariae 10-20, 1-10 mm latae, ordinibus

2-3, acie puberulo, concolores. Caro 1-2 mm crassa in centro pilei, ceraceo-mollis dein firma. Odor fortis,

fractu nitrosus. Sporae 5-6 x 4-4.8 um, vel 6-7.5 x 4-5.5 um (Singapore), pallide amyloideae. Basidia

20-26 x 5.5-6.5 ym; sterigmata 4. Cheilocystidia —95 x 16-25 um, ventricoso-conica, apice obtuso

5-9 «m lato, tunicis saepe leniter incrassatis, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia

et pileocystidia 65-230 x 20-44 um, ut cheilocystidia, apice obtuso 7-14 »m lato. Hyphae sarcodimiticae,

fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 250-1500 x 8-20 um vel —40 pm (Singapore); angustae in stipite paucae.

Ad lignum putridum vel e radicibus emortuis in silva. Singapore, Sarawak. Typus, Sarawak, Corner P-101;

herb. Cantab.

Pileus 9-50 mm wide, conical then convex to plane, not or scarcely umbonate, at

first wholly minutely puberulous, hygrophanous, more or less striate to the disc, pale

fawn brown or brownish honey-colour, deeper or ferruginous fawn in the centre, whitish

near the minutely pilose margin at first incurved and then revolute-undulate. Stem

10-50 x 1-5 mm, subcylindric, hollow, the base abrupt or subattenuate and rooting,

wholly minutely white pilose, paler concolorous, whitish upwards. Gills adnexed, nearly

Fig. 22. Trogia nitrosa. Fruit-body, x 1. Caulocystidia, x 500.

Collection, Corner P-101.

free, ventricose, subdistant, interstices slightly transversely veined, edge puberulous,

10-20 primaries 1-10 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, pale fawn brown or pinkish brown. Flesh

1-2 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, hygrophanous, waxy-soft then firm, con-

colorous. Smell nitrous, strong when crushed.

On rotten wood and from dead roots in the forest. Singapore, Sarawak.

Spores 5-6 x 4-4.8 um or 6-7.5 x 4-5.5 wm (Singapore collection), pale blue

amyloid. Basidia 22-26 x 5.5-6.5 um; sterigmata 4; no acerose basidioles. Cheilo-

cystidia —95 pm long, 16-25 ym wide near the base, 5-9 wm at the obtuse apex,

ventricose-conic, with thin or slightly thickened walls, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleuro-

cystidia none. Caulocystidia and pileocystidia 65-230 x 20-44 um, as the cheilocystidia

but the obtuse apex 7-14 ym wide, walls thin or slightly thickened, wholly vacuolate,

hyaline. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells in the stem 250-1500 x 8-20 nm

(—40 pm wide in the Singapore collection), wall —1 um thick, in the pileus 60-300 x

8-30 »m and not forming a pseudoparenchyma.

Collections: — Singapore, Reservoir Jungle, 25 Aug. 1940. — Sarawak, Semenggoh

Forest, 19 Aug. 1972, Corner P-101; Gunong Matang, 400 m alt., 20 Aug. 1972, Corner

P-112.

This species comes in the alliance of 77 subglobospora where it is distinguished by

the strong smell, the adnexed gills and the long cystidia on stem and pileus. It can be

mistaken for Marasmius but lacks acerose basidioles and has the construction of 7rogia.

58 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Trogia obfuscata sp. nov. Figure 23

Pileus —28 mm latus, convexus dein planus, centro depresso, laevis hygrophanus, pallide cervino-

brunneolus, marginem revolutum versus albidus. Stipes —38 x 1.5-2.5 mm, fistulosus laevis albus dein

subfuscus. Lamellae adnato-decurrentes distantae crassiusculae, interstitiis leniter reticulatis, primariae

17-20, —2.5 mm latae, ordinibus 1-2(-3), pallide cremo-albidae dein subfuscae. Caro in pileo ceracea,

in stipite cartilaginea. Odor nullus. Sporae 4.3-5.5 x 2.7-3.3 um, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 22-26 x

4.5-5.5 um, subagglutinata; sterigmata 4, 4 »m longa. Cheilocystidia 25-65 x 7-20 um, clavata, pauca

subventricosa, haud in acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia ut cheilocystidia, sparsa,

plerumque apicem stipitis versus. Pileocystidia nulla. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes

150-870 x 8-23 um, tunicis —1 pm crassis; angustae in stipite processibus ligativis 1-3 »m latis tunicis

incrassatis copiosis. Ad truncum delapsum in silva montana, caespitosa. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau

1500 m alt., 10 March 1964, RSNB 5720; herb. Cantab.

Pileus —28 mm wide, convex to plane, centre often depressed, smooth, hygrophanous,

pale fawn drab, pallid white towards the crenulate margin exceeding the gills. Stem —38

x 1.5-2.5 mm, cylindric, hollow, smooth, white then subfuscous. Gills adnato-decurrent,

distant, rather thick, the interstices shallowly reticulate, 17-20 primaries —2.5 mm

wide, 1-2(-3) ranks, pallid drab white then pale fuscous cream. Flesh waxy in the

pileus, tough and cartilaginous in the stem. Smell none.

On fallen trunks in montane forest, densely caespitose. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu

1500 m alt.

Spores 4.3-5.5 x 2.7-3.3 ym, pale violaceous brown amyloid. Basidia 22-26 x

4.5-5.5 um, subagglutinated in the tough hymeniun;; sterigmata 4, 4 »m long. Cheilo-

cystidia 25-65 x 7-20 um, clavate, a few ventricose but not appendaged, clustered,

not forming a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia,

scattered, mostly near the stem-apex, the narrow superficial hyphae of the stem also

producing frequent short, often curved and irregularly inflated, processes mostly —20

x 1-2.5 um. Pileocystidia none. Hyphae sarcodimitic to more or less sarcotrimitic in

the stem, clamped; fusiform cells 150-870 x 8-23 ym in the stem, many with rather

broad septa, walls —1 um thick; copious narrow thick-walled binding hyphae, 1-3 wm

wide, mostly aseptate, produced from the thin-walled narrow hyphae 3-7 um wide.

Surface of pileus with a thin layer, 1-3 hyphae thick, of narrow radiating hyphae

3-5 um wide and a hypodermis of inflated cells 40-170 x 12-55 pm, c. 150 wm thick

in the centre of the pileus but not compacted into a pseudoparenchyma.

If the fruit-body lacked gills, the species would be similar to 7? aphylla. See the note

under 7. raphanolens.

T. ochrophylla Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 228, pl. 2F.

Pileus —15 mm radius, 20 mm wide, pleuropodal, flabelliform becoming lobed,

smooth, substriate, pale fuscous brown, drying greyish silky; margin crisped. Stem 1-3

x 0.5-0.8 mm, lateral, expanding abruptly into the pileus, subpruinose, fuscous brown.

Gills decurrent, rather thick, subdistant, the interstices not or slightly veined, sometimes

furcate, 7-11 primaries 1-2 mm wide, 3 ranks, bright ochraceous. Flesh 0.7-1.5 mm

thick at the base of the pileus, rather tough. Smell none.

On dead petioles of the palm Pinanga. Singapore Botanic Gardens.

Spores 5-7 x 2.5-3 ym, not amyloid. Basidia 25-30 x 4.5-5.5 um; sterigmata 4.

Cystidia none, the gill-edge fertile. Caulocystidia and pileocystidia none, but with

sparse narrow, more or less projecting hyphae —50 x 2-3 wm. Hyphae clamped;

fusiform cells 8-18 »m wide, much elongate, walls —1 ym thick; narrow hyphae

2-6 wm, abundant.

This seems allied with the mesopodal 7; inaequalis of Ceylon. Gill-less, it would be

Inflatostereum.

Fig. 23. Trogia obfuscata. Fruit-bodies, x 2. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia and caulocystidia

(lower left), x 500. Hyphae of stem (lower right), x 1000. Collection, RSNB 5720.

Trogia octava sp. nov.

Receptacula alba. Pileus 4-12 mm latus, convexus dein plano-umbilicatus, subundulatus, vix striatus,

laevis; margine recto. Stipes 4-28 x 0.5-1 mm, basi abrupto subincrassato, pruinosus. Lamellae decur-

rentes distantae angustae crassiuculae, interstitiis haud vel vix venosis, primariae 9-13, —0.5 mm latae,

ordinibus 1(-2), aliquando marginem pilei versus furcatae. Sporae 4-5.7 x 3-4 um, late ellipsoideae vel

subglobosae, sicco 1-guttatae, inamyloideae. Basidia 17-20 x 5-5.5 um. Cystidia nulla. Caulocystidia —35

x 3-6 um, subcylindrica copiosa. Pileocystidia non visa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusi-

formes multo elongato. Ad truncos delapsos in silva, gregaria. Malaya (Pahang), New Guinea (Morobe,

Oomsis). Typus, Malaya, Pahang, Tembeling, 2 Dec. 1930, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

This was ‘Omphalia 8’ of my notes of long ago when I was beginning to study the

Malayan fungi. Having only dried material to examine, I have been unable to add

some microscopic details.

60 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

Trogia odorata sp. nov. Figure 24

Receptacula intense indigo-coerulea vel cyanea, in aetate fuliginea, lamellis primo pallidis. Pileus

15-60 mm latus, convexus dein planus, centro depresso, furfuraceo-pruinosus substriatus. Stipes 15-25

x 3-5 mm, basi subincrassato 3-7 mm lato, fistulosus, furfuraceo-pruinosus. Lamellae decurrentes

arcuatae angustae subdistantes, raro furcatae, interstitiis haud venosis, primariae c. 25, 2-3 mm latae,

ordinibus 3. Caro in centro pilei 2-3 mm crassa, ceraceo-cornea, firma, hygrophana concolor. Odor fortis

anisetus. Sporae 4-4.7 x 3.5-4 .m, ovoideae vel subglobosae, inamyloideae. Basidia 30-40 x 4.5-5.5 um;

sterigmata 4, 3 um longa. Cystidia nulla, acie lamellae basidiis sterilibus instructa. Caulocystidia —60 x

4-7(-8) um, clavata fasciculata tunicis brunneolis. Pileocystidia —40 x 5-10 um, clavata vel subventricosa,

tunicis brunneis, ut hymenioderma interruptum. Hyphae sarcodimitica fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes

200-2000 x 7-30 um, tunica vix incrassata. Ad lignum putridum in silva, caespitosa. Ins. Solomonenses,

Kolombangara, 23 Aug. 1965, RSS 1007; typus, herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies entirely deep indigo or blue green, the gills at first pallid or whitish,

entirely dark fuliginous indigo in age, or the stem varying violaceous indigo. Pileus

15-60 mm wide, convex to plane with the centre depressed, wholly finely scurfy pruinose

with darker particles, substriate. Stem 15-25 x 3-5 mm, the slightly thickened base

3-7 mm wide, hollow, finely scurfy pruinose. Gills decurrent, arcuate, narrow, subdis-

tant, interstices smooth, c. 25 primaries 2-3 mm wide, 3 ranks, occasionally forked.

Flesh 2-3 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-horny, firm, hygrophanous, con-

colorous. Smell strong, of aniseed.

‘On very rotten wood, caespitose. Solomon Islands, Kolombangara.

Spores 4-4.7 x 3.5-4 um, ovoid to subglobose, not amyloid but with slight glycogen

content. Basidium 30-40 x 4.5-5.5 um, elongate clavate; sterigmata 4, 3 um long.

Cystidia none but the gill-edge with sterile basidia. Caulocystidia —60 x 4-7(-8) um,

more or less clavate, with smooth brown walls, fasciculate, abundant. Pileocystidia

—40 x 5-10 um, clavate or subventricose, with smooth brown walls, as a disrupted

palisade, with many subsequent cystidia and short lobes with brown walls developing

Fig. 24. Trogia odorata. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, x 1000. Caulo-

cystidia (upper right) and surface of pileus, x 500.

Collection, RSS 1007.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 61

from the narrow superficial hyphae of the pileus. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped;

fusiform cells 200-2000 x 7-30 um, thin-walled; narrow hyphae on the surface of the

stem and pileus often with slightly thickened brownish walls; marginal hyphae of the

pileus 2.5-5 ~m wide, cylindric to subclavate. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis.

I found this striking species but once, and then in abundance; it is hardly to be

overlooked. It resembles 7 cyanea but the colour is more intense, the smaller spores

tend to be subglobose, cheilocystidia are lacking, and the smell is distinctive. It ap-

proaches 7. pleurotoides but is strictly mesopodal with well formed gills and smooth

spores. In the brown walls of many of the cystidia and narrow hyphae on stem and

pileus, it resembles the Brazilian 7 subrufescens, especially its var. parvispora, but that

has yellow gills and stem and ellipsoid spores. Noteworthy, however, are the rather long

basidia in all these species. The flora of the Solomon Islands certainly introduces

connections with South America, as opposed to the main run of Malesian affinity.

Trogia omphalinoides sp. nov. Figure 25

Receptacula alba, in aetate pallide cremea. Pileus 4-12 mm latus, convexus dein planus, plus minus

umbilicatus, subpruinosus striatus; margine paullo incurvato, dein crenulato. Stipes 5-17 x 0.5-1 mm,

basi 1.5-2 mm subincrassato, puberulus. Lamellae decurrentes angustae distantae, interstitiis haud vel vix

yenosis, haud furcatae, primariae 11-16, 0.2-0.8 m latae, ordine 1, secondariis nullis vel vix evolutis. Care

mollis. Odor nullus. Sporae 5-6 x 3.7-5 um, ovoideae vel subglobosae, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 27-35

x 5-6 um; sterigmata 4, vel 1-4 (RSNB 664; monospores 8-9 x 5.5 um). Cheilocystidia —65 x 7-12 um,

clayata vel ventricosa, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia nulla. Caulocystidia 25-65 x 6-11 um, clavata

vel subventricosa. Pileocystidia ut caulocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes

—1200 x 25 um, tunicis —1 um crassis; oleiferae 3-10 »m latae in stipite paucae. Ad lignum emortuum

in silva, saepe dense gregaria. Malaya (Johore), Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu). Typus, Johore, Gunong Panti,

26 Sept. 1966, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, pale cream in age. Pileus 4-12 mm wide, convex to plane and

more or less umbilicate, subpruinose, striate; margin at first slightly incurved, becoming

crenulate. Stem 5-17 x 0.5-1 mm, 1.5-2 mm at the slightly thickened abrupt base,

puberulous. Gills decurrent, narrow, distant, not forked, interstices smooth or slightly

veined as the sides of the gills, 11-16 primaries, 0.2-0.8 mm wide, | rank, secondaries

absent or vague. Flesh rather soft. Smell none.

On dead wood in the forest, often densely gregarious. Malaya, Borneo.

Spores 5-6 x 3.7-5 um, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pale bluish amyloid.

Basidia 27-35 x 5-6 um; sterigmata 4, but 1-4 in the collection RSNB 664 with

monospores 8-9 x 5.5 um. Cheilocystidia —65 x 7-12 um, clavate to ventricose with

obtuse apex, as a wide sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia 25-65 x

6-11 um, more or less subventricose with obtuse, rarely tapered, apex, varying clavate,

towards the base of the stem slightly thick-walled and with filiform appendage 1.5-2 »m

wide. Pileocystidia similar but mostly —30 yum long, abundant to rather sparse,

developed from narrow 3-5 um superficial hyphae forming an interrupted layer over

the inflated hyphae of the flesh. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —1200

x 25 ym, walls —1 um thick; narrow hyphae 2-7 um wide; oleiferous hyphae 3-10 »m

wide, sparse in the stem; pileus without pseudoparenchyma; endocystidia none.

Collections. — Malaya, Johore, Gunong Panti low alt., 26 Sept. 1966. — Borneo,

Mt. Kinabalu, east ridge 1100 m alt., 22 June 1961, RSNB 664.

var. confertifolia var. nov.

Lamellae confertae, primariae 20-28, —1.5 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3, haud venosae. Cheilocystidia —55

x 4-8 um, subcylindrica vel anguste subventricosa. Ad lignum putridum, gregaria. New Guinea, Lae

Botanical Garden, 25 Sept. 1960, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Fig. 25. | Trogia omphalinoides. Fruit-bodies,

x 2. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia

(above) and caulocystidia (right,

from the base of the stem), x 500.

Collection, Johore 26 Sept. 1966.

Pileus —20 mm wide. Stem —18 x 1-2 mm, centric to excentric, the abrupt base

attached by radiating white mycelial fibrils forming a thin arachnoid felt —12 mm wide.

Spores 5.5-7 x 4-5 pm, pale violaceous amyloid. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia

but the apex often prolonged and the whole measuring up to 120 um long.

This needs comparison with 7. alba var. minor and T. octava (non-amyloid spores,

no hymenial cystidia).

Trogia pallida sp. nov. Figure 26

Receptacula pallide alba. Pileus —15 mm latus, convexus dein planus vel subrevolutus, laevis hygro-

phanous; margine primo deflexo, haud incurvo, ultimo plus minus inciso. Stipes 12-18 x 1-1.5 mm, basi

abrupto subincrassato, laevis vel aliquando basim versus subpubescens. Hymenium decurrens laeve vel plicis

5-7 vix evolutis distantibus simplicibus praeditum. Caro tenuis ceraceo-firma scissilis hygrophana. Odor

nullus. Sporae 7-8.5 x 4.5-6.5 um, ellipsoideae subclavatae, leniter violaceo-amyloideae. Basidia 30-38

x 5-6.5 wm; sterigmata 2(-3-4), 6-7 nm longa (4-5 um in basidiis 4-sporigeris). Hymenium —100 um in-

crassatum. Cystidia nulla. Caulocystidia et pileocystidia ut basidia sterilia, copiosa sed mox collabefientia.

Hyphae sarcodimitica fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —1500 .m vel ultra, 6-27 ym latae, tunicis tenuibus

vel in stipite —1 »m crassis. Ad terram solitaria et ad radices lignosas emortuas gregaria in silva. Borneo,

Mt. Kinabalu 1500 m alt., 27 April 1964, RSNB 8469; typus, herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies pallid white. Pileus —15 mm wide, convex then plane and subrevolute,

smooth, hygrophanous; margin at first deflexed, not incurved, then incised. Stem 12-18

x 1-1.5 mm, base abrupt and slightly thickened, smooth or puberulous downwards.

Hymenium decurrent, smooth or with 5-7 slight simple and distant folds. Flesh waxy-

firm, scissile, hygrophanous. Smell none.

Solitary on the ground or gregarious on dead woody roots. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu

1500 m alt.

Spores 7-8.5 x 4.5-6.5 ym, ellipsoid-subclavate, slightly violaceous amyloid. Basidia

30-38 x 5-6.5 ym; sterigmata 2(-3,-4), 6-7 wm long or 4-5 wm on 4-spored basidia.

Hymenium thickening —100 »m. Cystidia none. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusi-

Fig. 26. Trogia pallida. Fruit-bodies, x 3. Spores and basidium,

x 1000. Collection, RSNB 8469.

form cells —1500 x 6-27 um, walls —1 um thick in the stem. Surface of pileus and

stem set with rather copious sterile basidia but soon collapsing. Pileus without a

pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

This is close to 7: furcata but the colourless fruit-bodies are almost or quite devoid

of gills, the spores and basidia are slightly smaller, and the hymenium thickens. The

slight amyloid reaction of the spores seems to be caused by their slight glycogen con-

tent rather than by an amyloid wall. Without cystidia and pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis the species is parallel with 7: silvestris in the loss of the gills. Though the

basidia are mostly 2-spored, the hyphae are clamped.

Trogia papillata Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 228, f. 93d.

Pileus 10-18 mm wide, convex then plane, papillate umbonate, smooth, striate

towards the margin, yellowish white then more ochraceous yellow, drying pruinose;

margin strongly incurved, soon expanding. Stem 30-48 x 1.5-2 mm, often excentric,

cylindric or compressed, hollow, waxy cartilaginous, white pruinose, pale yellowish white,

then straw-colour, base slightly thickened. Gills adnexed or nearly free, varying sinuate,

narrow, very crowded, neither branched nor veined, c. 48-60 primaries 1.3-1.5 mm

wide, 4 ranks, white. Flesh 0.8-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-firm.

Smell strong, of radish or Ganoderma.

On rotten wood in the forest, densely caespitose. Malaya, Johore (Tebrau 24 Sept.

1939).

Spores 4—4.5 x 3-3.5 um, broadly ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 18-22 x 5-6 um;

sterigmata (2-)4, 3 um long. Cystidia none, gill-edge fertile. Caulocystidia 12-50 x

4-10 um, subcylindric, subclavate or subventricose, some with filiform apex —10 x

1.5-2 um or entirely filiform. Pileocystidia similar, sparse. Hyphae clamped; fusiform

cells —2000 x 10-25 pm, walls slightly thickened; narrow hyphae 3-7 um wide,

abundant, slightly thick-walled at the base of the stem; oleiferous hyphae few. Surface

of pileus with a layer 20-30 um thick, composed of interwoven hyphae 1.5—4 »m wide,

without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

The surface of the pileus has an unusual structure and is not composed simply of

appressed radiating hyphae. The species would go in Hemimycena, but I can see no

sharp separation of this genus from the long run of Trogia.

64 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

T. partita (Berk.) Pat.

Corner, Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 230.

I refer to the brief description that I was able to give. The species came from New

Ireland.

T. pleurotoides Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 230, pl. SA.

Fruit-bodies indigo to greenish cyaneous, fuliginous in age, finally fading sub-

ochraceous. Pileus 8-40 mm wide, pleuropodal and flabelliform ascending, to meso-

podal infundibuliform, not pervious, smooth, innately streaked, substriate towards the

margin, drying minutely pruinose; margin slightly incurved at first. Stem 3-15 x

1-3 mm, lateral, excentric or centric, slightly attenuate downwards, rarely furcate,

stuffed, minutely pruinose, base abrupt and thinly villous; mycelium white. Gills deeply

decurrent, very narrow and crowded, often forked, not veined, thin, 13-30 primaries

0.2-0.5 mm wide, 3-6 ranks; hymenium at stem-apex as a smooth band 1-3 mm wide.

Flesh 0.5-1 mm thick, waxy-tough to cartilaginous, drying hard. Smell bitter.

On rotten wood in the forest, often caespitose. Malay Peninsula (Pahang, Singapore),

Borneo (Brunei, Sabah).

Spores 4.5-5.5 x 3-4.3 um, finely asperulate, broadly ellipsoid, 1-guttulate, not

“amyloid. Basidia 33-44 x 6-8 yum; sterigmata 4. Hymenium slightly thickening

—70 wm. Cheilocystidia 20-26 x 6-8 um, as sterile basidia. Pleurocystidia none.

Caulocystidia —40 x 4-8 yum, subclavate, scattered or aggregated. Pileocystidia —35

x 5-10 um, clavate, sparse, thin-walled. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 300-1400 x

12-30 um, walls —2 ym thick; narrow hyphae 2-8 ym wide, some with walls —2 »m

thick. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. Blue colour in the hyphal

walls and as a slight incrustation on the superficial hyphae of stem and pileus, becom-

ing washed out with rain.

In the manner of modern taxonomy, the asperulate spores of this species would

justify a new genus. As its alliance is clearly with the blue-green species of Trogia,

from T. odorata to T. stereoides, | do not follow that lead.

Trogia polyadelpha sp. nov. Figure 27

Receptacula alba. Pileus —22 mm latus, convexo-planus, centro depresso, laevis sulcato-striatus,

margine undulato. Stipes 7-11 x 1-1.5 mm, basi abrupto, puberulus, aetate subochraceus. Lamellae

arcuato-decurrentes distantae, interstitiis subrugulosis, primariae 6-11, 1-2 mm latae, acie denticulata,

secondariae pliciformes, aliquando furcatae et vix evolutae. Caro tenuis ceracea, in stipite subtenax. Odor

nullus. Sporae 7-8.7 x 5.5-6.5 um, late ellipsoideae, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 26-35 x 6-7 »m, without

clamps; sterigmata 2, 6-7 «.m longa. Cheilocystidia 30-70 x 7-13 »m, plerumque clavata, nonnulla ven-

tricosa obtusa, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia 40-70 x 5-8 um, lanceolato-ventricosa, apicibus

elongatis 2-4 ym latis sparsissima. Caulocystidia —70 x 5-10 um, clavata vel ventricosa, copiosa. Pileo-

cystidia similia sparsa collabefientia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae sine fibulis; cellulae fusiformes 60-1600 x

8-20 um in stipite pileoque, tunicis —1 »m crassis. Ad lignum putridum in silva montana, dense gregaria.

Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1400 m alt., 27 March 1964, RSNB 8473; typus, herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, the stem subochraceous in age. Pileus —22 mm wide, convexo-

plane, the centre depressed or umbilicate, radially su/cato-striate over the main gills,

smooth; margin undulate. Stem 7-11 x 1-1.5 mm, cylindric, finely puberulous, base

abrupt. Gills arcuate-decurrent, distant, 6-11 primaries 1-2 mm wide, with finely fim-

briate denticulate edge, the secondaries as vague, often furcate, folds, the interstices

slightly rugulose. Flesh waxy, rather tough in the stem. Smell none.

In dense troops on rotten trunks in the montane forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu

1400 m alt.

Fig. 27. Trogia polyadelpha. Fruit-bodies, x 2. Spores, x 1000. Basidia,

pleurocystidia, surface of pileus (lower left) and caulocystidia (lower

right), x 500. Collection, RSNB 8473.

Spores 7-8.7 x 5.5-6.5 ym, broadly ellipsoid, pale violaceous brown amyloid.

Basidia 26-35 x 6-7 um, without clamps; sterigmata 2, 6-7 um long. Cheilocystidia

30-70 x 7-13 um, mostly clavate, some more or less ventricose with broad obtuse

apex, occasionally with brownish walls, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 40-70 x

5-8 um, lanceolate-subventricose, the prolonged and projecting apex 2-4 um wide,

very sparse. Caulocystidia —70 x 5-12 um, clavate to ventricose with obtuse apex,

some rather narrowly appendaged, abundant. Pileocystidia similar, sparse, collapsing.

Hyphae sarcodomitic in pileus and stem, without clamps, fusiform cells 60-1600 x

8-20 um, walls —1 ym thick; narrow hyphae 2-6 um wide, rather thick-walled at the

base of the stem; hyphae near the surface of the stem with short cells and broad septa.

Surface of pileus with a discontinuous layer, 1-2 hyphae thick, of radiating hyphae

3-5 um wide bearing the evanescent pileocystidia and many with a few short cylindric

to subventricose processes —12 x 1-2.5(-4) um. The inflated hyphae near to or reaching

the surface, not as a pseudoparenchyma; endocystidia none; marginal cells 6-10 um

wide, clavate.

This must be related to 7. delicata with larger fruit-bodies, more numerous broader

adnexed gills with scattered cheilocystidia and no pleurocystidia, clamped hyphae and

mostly 4-spored basidia, yet the spores are about the same size.

T. primulina Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 231, f. 123, 124.

Fruit-bodies pale citron- or primrose-yellow, gills becoming whitish. Pileus 5-12 mm

wide, convex then plano-umbilicate to infundibuliform, minutely pruinoso-puberulous

striate to the centre; margin slightly incurved, then crenulate-undulate. Stem 3-16 x

66 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

0.5-1.5 mm, often excentric, hollow, minutely pruinose, base abrupt and byssoid or

strigose. Gills decurrent, distant, narrow, some furcate, interstices subrugulose, 12-16

primaries 0.6-1 mm wide, 1-3 ranks. Flesh thin, waxy and rather tough, hygrophanous.

Smell none.

On dead wood and twigs in the forest, gregarious. Malaya (Perlis, Bukit Besi Hangit),

Singapore (Botanic Gardens).

Spores 8-9.5 x 5-5.5 um, inamyloid. Basidia 30-40 x 7-8.5 um; sterigmata 2(-3,

-4), 6-7 um long. Cheilocystidia 30-70 x 5-8 ym, subclavate to subventricose and

often with a filiform apex 1.5-3 wm wide, even entirely filiform, not as a sterile gill-

edge. Caulocystidia as the cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia —50 x 5-8 um, subventricose

with filiform and sometimes shortly branched apex. Hyphae without clamps; fusiform

cells 150-850 x 9-30 um, walls —1 wm thick. Pileus with a layer of narrow radiating

hyphae, 2-3 hyphae thick, without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. Yellow colour

as a diffuse cytoplasmic pigment, not vacuolar.

Though the fruit-bodies are yellow and the pileus is not sulcato-striate, yet this

species has much in common with 7. polyadelpha.

Trogia pusilla sp. nov. Figure 28

Pileus 3-6 mm latus, convexo-planus, centro saepe depresso, laevis, minute virgatis, substriatus,

- fuscigriseus flavidulo-tinctus. Stipes —8 x 0.5 mm, pallide flavidulus. Lamellae alte decurrentes subdis-

tantae crassiusculae ceraceae, nec venosae nec furcatae, primariae 9-14, 0.5 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3,

albidae dein flavidulae. Odor nullus. Sporae 7-9 x 5.5-7 um, ellipsoideo-mangiformes, inamyloideae.

Basidia 26-40 x 7-8 um; sterigmata 2, 5 »m longa. Cystidia nulla, acie lamellae fertili. Caulocystidia —35

x 6 um, subclavata vel subventricosa, sparsa. Pileocystidia —50 x 5-10 ym, ut caulocystidia sed succo

fuscibrunneo. Hyphae sarcodimiticae sine fibulis; cellulae fusiformes —600 x 7-20 um, tunicis tenuibus

subgelatinosis. Ad truncum putridum in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego, 11 July

1965, RSS 686; herb. Cantab.

Pileus 3-6 mm wide, convexo-plane, often depressed in the centre, smooth, minutely

streaked, substriate, fuscous greyish tinged yellowish. Stem —8 xX 0.5 mm, pale dingy

yellowish. Gills deeply decurrent, subdistant, rather thick, waxy, neither veined nor

forked, 9-14 primaries —0.5 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, pallid white then yellowish. Flesh

thin. Smell none.

On a rotten trunk in the forest. Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego.

Spores 7-9 x 5.5-7 um, ellipsoid mango-shaped, not amyloid. Basidia 26-40 x

7-8 ym; sterigmata 2, 5 um long. Cystidia absent from the hymenium, gill-edge fertile.

Caulocystida —35 x 6 wm, subclavate to subventricose, obtuse, rather sparse, with

narrow filiform processes 1-2 ~»m wide from the narrow superficial hyphae of the stem.

Pileocystidia —50 x 5-10 um, similar but with fuscous brown sap, more or less

decumbent, abundant over the centre of the pileus, with slender hyphal processes

towards the margin of the pileus as on the stem. Hyphae sarcodimitic, without clamps;

fusiform cells —600 x 7-20 um, wall scarcely thickened but toughly mucilaginous.

Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

var. sublateralis var. nov.

Pileus excentricus, etiam fere lateralis, albidus dein mellei-flavidulus centro fuliginei-furfuraceo. Stipes

—25 x 0.3 mm, concolor. Ad corticem emortuum lianae, gregaria. Borneo, Sarawak, Setapok, 27 Aug.

1972, Corner P-124; herb. Cantab.

Pileus —7 mm wide, more or less pleuropodal, scarcely striate, whitish then dingy

honey-colour, the centre minutely fuliginous-flecked. Stem 15-25 x 0.3 mm, con-

colorous. Gills adnato-decurrent, 6-9 primaries 0.8 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, concolorous.

On dead bark of a liane in the forest, gregarious. Sarawak, Setapok.

Fig. 28. Trogia pusilla. Fruit-bodies,

x 2. Spores and basidium,

x 1000. Caulocystidia, x 500.

Collection, RSS 686.

Spores 7-8.5 x 5-5.7 um, drying 1-guttate, not or very slightly pale vinaceous

amyloid. Basidia 30-35 x 6.5-7 um, multiguttulate; sterigmata 2. Hyphae without

clamps; fusiform cells 55-240 x 8-17 um in the stem, —400 um long in the pileus,

walls slightly thickened.

This species comes near to 7 mellea and T. primulina and may, indeed, be a 2-

spored state of 7: mel/lea though that has a sterile gill-edge and larger cystidia on stem

and pileus.

T. raphanolens sp. nov.

Receptacula alba, aetate flavidula. Pileus 3-15 mm latus, convexus dein planus, saepe subumbilicatus,

laevis, ad centrum striatus vel subsulcato-striatus, sicco pruinosulus. Stipes 3-16 x 0.5-1.5 mm, basi

abrupto subincrassato, pruinosulus. Lamellae decurrentes distantae crassiusculae, aliquando furcatae,

interstitiis rugulosis, primariae (6-)11-15, (0.5-)1-2 mm latae, ordinibus 1-2(-3). Odor raphanaceus, saepe

fortis. Sporae 6-9 x 4.5-6 um, inamyloideae. Basidia 22-30 x 6-8 um; sterigmata 2-4, saepe 3, 4 .m

longa. Cheilocystidia 40-80 x 6-18 um, ventricosa apice obtuso elongato 3-6 um lato, copiosa sed acie

lamellarum fertili. Caulocystidia —50 x 5-12 um, cylindrica vel clavata, copiosa. Pileocystidia ut caulo-

cystidia, plerumque 3-5 .m lata, saepe sparsa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 180-650

x 7-23 um, tunicis vix incrassatis; oleiferae 5-12 »m latae, numerosae. Ad lignum emortuum in silva.

Peninsula Malayana (Singapore, Johore, communis); Typus, Singapore, Bukit Timah, 17 June 1940,

Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies wholly white, yellowish with age. Pileus 3-15 mm wide, convex then

plane, often slightly umbilicate, smooth, striate to the disc or slightly sulcato-striate,

drying minutely pruinoso-puberulous; margin slightly incurved at first. Stem 3-16 x

0.5-1.5 mm, slightly thickened at the abrupt base, wholly finely pruinoso-puberulous,

opaque. Gills decurrent, sharply delimited, distant, rather thick at the base, sometimes

forked, (6-)11-15 primaries (0.5-)1-2 mm wide, 1-2 ranks, occasionally with slight

linear tertiaries, interstices becoming irregularly rugulose or shortly transversely veined,

edge thin and entire. Flesh thin, rather waxy firm. Smell strong, fresh, of radish, but

sometimes rather faint.

On rotten wood in the forest. Singapore, Johore, common.

Spores 6-9 x 4.5-6 um, ellipsoid, not guttate, not amyloid. Basidia 22-30 x

6-8 ym; sterigmata 2-4, commonly 3, 4 um long. Cheilocystidia 40-80 x 6-18 nm,

more or less ventricose with the apex often prolonged 3-6 nm wide and obtuse, often

misshapen to submoniliform, abundant but not forming a sterile gill-edge (? in young

specimens). Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia —50 x 5-10 um, cylindric to clavate,

abundant. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, mostly 3-5 wm wide, irregular, often

68 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

sparse. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells 180-650 x 7-23 um in the stem,

rather shorter in the pileus and —30 ym wide; oleiferous hyphae 5-12 ym wide, rather

frequent in all tissues; endocystidia none. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis.

Collections: — Singapore, Gardens’ Jungle, Reservoir Jungle, Bukit Timah, June and

Nov., common. — Johore, Mawai, 10 Nov. 1940.

This small white species is readily distinguished by the smell of radish. It is close

to T. alba and T: octava and, possibly, all are variants of one species. In microscopic

structure, 7) raphanolens is so much like 7. obfuscata that it suggests the derivation

of these white species.

Trogia revoluta sp. nov. Figure 29

Receptacula alba dein sordide cremeo-alba. Pileus —40 mm latus, planoconcavus, centro subumbilicato,

dein revolutus, sulcato-striatus. Stipes 10-25 x 2-4 mm, saepe excentricus, fistulosus pruinosulus. Lamellae

decurrentes, dein adnatae vel adnexae, distantes, crassiuculae, interstitiis rugoso-costatis, primariae 11-19,

2-6 mm latae, ordinibus 1-2(-3). Caro ceraceo-firma. Odor nullus vel leniter piscium. Sporae 5.7-6.7 x

5-6.3 »m, subglobosae, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 36-42 x 6-7 um; sterigmata 2-4, 4-5 ym longa.

Cheilocystidia 35-70 x 6-12 um, ventricosa, ut acie sterili instructa sed collabefientia. Pleurocystidia

nulla. Caulocystidia —90 x 4-10(-13) um, ventricosa, basim stipitis versus —150 »m longa et leniter

crassitunicata. Pileocystidia similia collabefientia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes

90-1200 x 12-33 um, tunicis —1 pm crassis. Ad lignum emortuum in silva montana. Malaya (Pahang),

Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu). Typus, Borneo, RSNB 5227; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, then dull cream-white. Pileus —40 mm wide, plano-concave

becoming revolute, centre more or less umbilicate, su/cato-striate. Stem 10-25 x

2-4 mm, often excentric, hollow, pruinoso-puberulous. Gills decurrent then adnate to

adnexed, coarse, thick, distant, becoming rugulose costate at the base towards the margin

of the pileus and in the interstices, 11-19 primaries 2-6 mm wide, 1-2(-3) ranks. Flesh

thin, waxy-firm. Smell none or slight, of fish.

On dead wood in montane forest. Malaya, Borneo.

Spores 5.7-6.7 x 5-6.3 wm, subglobose, pale violaceous amyloid. Basidia 36-42 x

6-7 wm; sterigmata 2-4, 4-5 pm long. Cheilocystidia 35-70 x 6-12 ~m, more or less

ventricose with obtusely tapered apex, as a broad sterile gill-edge but collapsing.

Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia —90 x 4-10(-13) um, —150 um towards the base

of the stem and becoming slightly thick-walled, ventricose, often flexuous, abundant.

Pileocystidia as the cheilocystidia but sparse, collapsing. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped;

fusiform cells 90-1200 x 12-33 um, walls —1 wm thick. Pileus without a pseudoparen-

chymatous hypodermis; no endocystidia.

Fig. 29. Trogia revoluta. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores,

x 1000. Caulocystidia, x 500. Collection,

Pahang 2 Oct. 1966.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 69

Collections: — Malaya, Pahang, Cameron Highlands 1700 m alt., 2 Oct. 1966, Corner

s.n. — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1700 m alt., 5 Feb. 1964, RSNB 5227.

This is close to 7. delicata but is coarsely constructed with short stem and thicker

gills. It comes between that species and 7: omphalinoides. The revolute pileus results

from the widening of the gills.

T. rivulosa Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 232, pl. SC.

Fruit-bodies sessile to shortly pleuropodal, stereoid without gills, imbricate. Pileus

—5 cm radius, —9 cm wide, flabelliform, ascending, smooth, fuscous to fuliginous

livid, innately streaked and rivulose, drying not or slightly incurved; margin slightly

incurved at first, entire. Stem —5 x 5 mm concolorous. Hymenium smooth, grey.

Flesh 1-2 mm thick at the base of the pileus, horny-coriaceous, scissile, pallid wood

colour.

On dead wood in the forest. Malaya (Pahang, Trengganu).

Spores 5-6 x 3.5-4 wm, not amyloid. Basidia 30-45 x 5-6 um; sterigmata 4.

Cystidia none. Hymenium thickening —200 pm. Hyphae sarcodimitic to sarcotrimitic,

clamped; fusiform cells —1100 x 10-30 um, walls 2-5 um thick; narrow hyphae with

the walls thin or thickened 2-5 ym; all the hyphae more or less contiguous, but no

pseudoparenchyma.

Collections: — Pahang, Kuala Tekai, 7 June 1931; Trengganu, Kemaman, Sungei Banum,

22 June 1932, Corner 1004.

The Trengganu fungus had an extensive mycelium such as I have described for

T. cervina; it grew over the bark of small dead branches and sticks which became

mummified with its hyphae.

Trogia rosea sp. nov. Figure 17, Plate 3

Ut T. silvestris (Holterm.) Corner sed pileo coccineo rubro vel roseo pallescenti; sporis latioribus

5-6.5 um. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, 24 Jan. 1964, RSNB 5100; typus, herb. Cantab.

Pileus —50 mm wide, convex, usually papillate-umbonate, then plane to revolute

and cyathiform, finely and closely radially rivulose or subrugulose, hygrophanous,

atomate on drying, dull crimson to rose-red, fading with age; margin straight or, at

first, very slightly incurved, entire to minutely denticulate. Stem 30-70 x 2-5 mm,

cylindric, hollow, becoming flattened and twisted, cartilaginous, opaque white, wholly

minutely pruinose, base 4-8 mm wide, abrupt. Hymenium slightly decurrent, pallid

white (the red colour of the pileus showing through), smooth or with 12-24 slight vein-

like primary gills —O.S mm deep, often not reaching the stem, forking irregularly and

not reaching the margin of the pileus. Flesh thin, cartilaginous, rather tough, con-

colorous. Smell none.

On dead trunks and branches in montane oak forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1700 m

alt.

Spores 7.5-9.5(-11) x 5-6.5(-6.7) um, not amyloid. Basidia 45-60 x 6.5-7.5 um;

sterigmata 4, 4-5 »m long. Pleurocystidia —170 x 7-16 wm, projecting —100 um but

many immersed, more or less ventricose with prolonged attenuate, obtuse or subacute,

apex, thin-walled, vacuolate, smooth, very abundant. Hymenium thickening slightly

—120 ym. Caulocystidia —80 x 5-14 um, cylindric to clavate or subventricose, thin-

walled, colourless, crowded at the stem-apex and passing into the pleurocystidia. Pileo-

cystidia as the caulocystidia, scattered. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells

very long as in 7. silvestris, —40 1m wide in the stem, walls —3 ym thick with a sub-

diffluent outer layer, similar in the pileus. Surface of pileus as in 7. silvestris but with

red sap in the superficial hyphae; marginal cells 7-10 wm wide, clavate.

mace IN ft

Plate 3. Trogia rosea. Borneo, Kinabalu, RSNB 5100.

Collections: — 24 Jan. 1964, RSNB 5100; 27 Jan. 1964, RSNB 5100A; 22 Feb. 1964,

RSNB 5100B; 6 April 1964, RSNB 5100C.

This fungus is closely allied with 7. silvestris and differs mainly in colour. Both were

frequent on mt. Kinabalu and I saw no intermediates. 7: rosea shows well the vestigial

gills giving way to the smooth hymenium; if pleuropodal or sessile, it would be stereoid.

The red colour bleaches in alkali and is not intensified on so treating dried specimens.

Thus, 7: rosea is not allied with the neotropical 77 papyracea which lacks pleurocystidia.

Trogia seriflua sp. nov. Figures 30, 31

Receptacula albida dein cremeo-albida vel subincarnata. Pileus 10-30 mm latus, convexus dein planus,

centro subdepresso, vix striatus. Stipes 5-15(-20) x 1-2.5 mm, saepe excentricus, basi abrupto subtumido

disco subfibrilloso-strigoso 3-5 mm lato affixo, fistulosus pruinosulus. Lamellae adnatae vel decurrentes,

subdistantae, interstitiis marginem pilei versus subyenosis, primariae 17-34, 1-2.5 mm latae, ordinibus 3-5,

breviores saepe pliciformes. Caro 1-2 mm crassa in centro pilei, ceraceo-cartilaginea, fractu succum aquosum

exudans. Odor acidus vel nullus. Sporae 5.5-6.7 x 5-6 ym vel 5-6 x 4.5-5 um (Ins. Solomonenses),

subglobosae, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 26-38 x 6-7 .m; sterigmata 4, 5 um longa. Cheilocystidia — 70

x 7-17 um, clayata vel irregulariter ventricosa, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia —110 x 6-11 um,

ventricosa, etiam clavata et vix projicientia. Caulocystidia ut cheilocystidia, basim stipitis versus —150 x

7-16 um. Pileocystidia ut cheilocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —2500 x

8-25 um, tunicis —1 «m crassis; oleiferae 4-20 »m latae, multo elongatae, sparsim ramosae, intus vitreosae.

Ad truncos delapsos in silva. Borneo, Ins. Solomonenses. Typus, Borneo RSNB 5817; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies pallid white becoming cream white or tinged flesh colour. Pileus

10-30 mm wide, convex to plane with the centre slightly depressed, not umbonate,

smooth, opaque, not or scarcely striate; margin slightly incurved at first. Stem 5-15(-20)

Fig. 30. - Trogia seriflua. Fruit-bodies, x 1%. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia

(upper right), caulocystidia (lower right), and pileocystidia, x 500.

Collection, RSNB 5817.

x 1-2.5 mm, more or less excentric, not lateral, cylindric, hollow, finely pruinose, the

base abrupt and silghtly thickened with a fibrillose-substrigose disc 3-5 mm wide. Gills

adnate to decurrent, subdistant, interstices slightly veined towards the margin of the

pileus, 17-22, 19-23, 20-27 or 25-34 primaries 1-2.5 mm wide, 3-4 or 4-5 ranks, the

shorter gills often fold-like. Flesh 1-2 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-

cartilaginous, firm, rather hard, exuding a copious watery colourless juice on cutting.

Smell sour or none.

On fallen trunks in the forest, in troops or subcaespitose. Borneo, Solomon Islands.

Spores 5.5-6.7 x 5-6 wm or 5-6 x 4.5-5 um (Solomon Islands), subglobose, pale

violaceous brown amyloid. Basidia 26-38 * 6-7 um; sterigmata 4, 5 long. Cheilocystidia

—70 x 7-17 um, clavate to irregularly ventricose with obtuse apex 4-6 um wide,

occasionally with 1-4 short obtuse processes like abortive sterigmata, forming a broad

sterile edge to the gill, often more or less invested with hyphal processes 1-2 ~m wide

from the gill-edge. Pleurocystidia —110 x 6-11 um, rather narrowly ventricose with

obtuse apex 4-7 um wide projecting —55 ym, but some clavate and just reaching the

surface of the hymenium, many with opalescent vitreous contents and some of these

as branches from the oleiferous hyphae of the gill-trama. Caulocystidia as the cheilo-

cystidia but, in the lower part of the stem, lengthened —150 x 7-16 um and mostly

subcylindric with uneven inflation, hyaline, vacuolate, copious in a fairly close pile,

but the caulocystidia rather short and clavate —55 x 11 um in some Solomon Islands’

collections (RSS 530, 1107 and 1109). Pileocystidia as the cheilocystidia, as a more or

Fig. 31. Trogia seriflua. Hymenium with pleurocystidia, and oleiferous hyphae, x 500. Collection,

RSNB 5817.

less disrupted palisade, sometimes more or less overgrown with narrow hyphae 1-2 »m

wide from the superficial hyphae of the pileus. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusi-

form cells —2500 x 8-25 um, but some longer, with firm walls 0.5-1 ~m thick, very

abundant; oleiferous hyphae 4-20 ym wide, frequent, with opalescent contents, very

long, sparingly branched, sometimes coiled (as if intrusive) especially in the gill-trama,

with scattered branches ending among the pleurocystidia, caulocystidia and, occasionally,

the pileocystidia. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1600 m alt., 16 March 1964, RSNB 5817.

— Solomon Islands, San Cristobal, Warahito R., 28 July 1965, RSS 853; Kolombangara,

27 Aug. 1965, RSS 1107 and 1109; Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego, July 1965, RSS 530.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 73

The following six species with white fruit-bodies, yellowish in age, and without a

pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis to the pileus, are so much alike as to appear as

one species, but there are the following microscopic differences: —

—

Oleiferous

Spores (um) Pleurocystidia | Endocystidia hyphae

5-6.7 xX 4-6

pale amyloid

6-7 x 5.5-6.5 f al

pale amyloid ad

6-9 x 4.5-5.5

not amyloid

Sain =i

6-9 x 4.5-5.5

present none

T. seriflua present abundant

T. icterinoides

T. limonosporoides present present none

T. decipiens

not amyloid

8-ll x 4.5-5.5

not amyloid

5-6 X 2.5-3 |

T. limonospora

T alba not amyloid few

5.5-7 X 2.7-3.5

? faintly amyloid abundant

T. alba v. minor

T. silvestris (Holterm.) Corner Plate 4

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 233, f. 84, 86, 125, 126; Horak Ann. mycol. ser. II, 33 (1980) 46 (as

Vanromburghia).

I refer to the description which I gave in 1966. The species is widely distributed

throughout Malesia to the Solomon Islands where I found it on Kolombangara (4 Sept.

1965, RSS 1254). That it can be separated from Trogia as Vanromburghia is disproved

by the variously lamellate and non-lamellate species 7? rosea, T: pallida, T; macra and

T. aphylla. In general, it is close to 7; fulvochracea with well developed gills.

T. stereoides Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 235, f. 85, 127. pl. 5B.

Fruit-bodies sessile to shortly pleuropodal, stereoid without gills. Pileus —4 cm in

radius, —6 cm wide, flabelliform, ascending, often inciso-lobate, smooth, fuliginous

olivaceous to fuscous fuliginous, virgate with innate fibrils, drying fuscous and horny;

margin straight or slightly revolute. Stem —3 mm long, tomentose, with villous or

tomentose discoid base 2.5-5 mm wide. Hymenium smooth, abruptly delimited, dark

greenish cyaneous then fuliginous, drying pale fuliginous ochraceous. Flesh —1 mm

thick at the base of the pileus, softly coriaceous, scissile towards the margin, paler

concolorous.

On dead wood in the forest. Malay Peninsula (Negri Sembilan, Johore, Singapore).

Spores 4.7-5.5 x 3-3.5 um, pruniform, not amyloid. Basidia 30-45(-50) x

4.5-6.5 ym, projecting —8 pum; sterigmata (2-)4, 4-4.5 um long. Cystidia none.

Hymenium thickening —200 um. Hyphae sarcotrimitic, clamped; fusiform cells

250-1100 x 10-30 um, walls 2-4 um thick; narrow hyphae 2.5-8 um wide with cells

Plate 4. Trogia silvestris. Borneo, Kinabalu, RSNB 5178.

40-300 um long, walls thin or —2 nm thick as binding hyphae. Surface of pileus with

appressed radiating narrow hyphae; no pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. Tomen-

tum on the stem composed of hyphae 1.5-4 wm wide, not or rarely branched, rarely

septate, walls 1-1.5 ym thick.

In form and colour of the fruit-body, 7 pleurotoides in the cyaneous group of

species supplies a narrowly lamellate ancestor.

T. straminea Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 236, f. 128, pl. 4C.

Pileus 20-SO mm wide, convex then plane or concave, rarely umbilicate, sometimes

campanulate, at first dark fuliginous cinereous and subvelutinate, on expansion pale

yellowish or straw-colour with fuliginous fuscous subvillous disc, not darker streaked,

striate towards the yellowish margin. Stem 30-60 x 2.5-4 mm, cylindric, hollow, white

to pale straw-colour, white fibrilloso-pruinose upwards, pale fuliginous fibrilloso-pruinose

downwards to the abrupt base. Gills shortly decurrent, rather crowded, often once furc-

ate, interstices veined and towards the margin of the pileus reticulate, 16-22 primaries

3-5 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, pale ochraceous yellow to straw-colour, whitish towards the

margin of the pileus. Flesh 1.5-2.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-soft

in the pileus, firm in the stem, rather cartilaginous-tough in the gills, hygrophanous,

concolorous.

On dead wood in the forest. Malay Peninsula, widespread.

Spores 7-9 x 4.5-6 um, not amyloid. Basidia 38-48 x 7-9 wm; sterigmata (2-)4,

5-6 wm long. Cystidia none. Caulocystidia 15-80 x 5-13 um, subcylindric, subclavate

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 75

or sublanceolate, some with filiform apex —10 x 2-4 um, in the lower part of the

stem with pale umber sap. Pileocystidia 30-120 x 12-30 um, as the caulocystidia, with

umber sap, at first in a compact palisade, then disrupted over the limb on expansion.

Yellow colour cytoplasmic.

This is close to 7 anthidepas and, perhaps, only a variety, but it has a better de-

veloped palisade of pileocystidia, longer caulocystidia, no cheilocystidia and no innate

dark streaks on the pileus. A collection from Queensland, (near Brisbane, on fallen

wood in Eucalyptus forest, Corner s.n. 20 June 1964), would pass as T. anthidepas with

virgate pileus but it also lacked cheilocystidia and the spores were pale indigo amyloid.

T. subdistans Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 231, f. 129.

Pileus 10-35 mm wide, convex to plano-umbilicate or concave, striate to the centre,

subsulcate, at first fuscous grey to fuliginous, on expansion paler to whitish and fuli-

ginous pruinose, somewhat yellowish towards the centre; margin slightly incurved, then

crenulate. Stem 15-45 x 1.5-4 mm, cylindric, hollow, waxy-cartilaginous, often com-

pressed, base abrupt, white, pruinose. Gills decurrent, abruptly delimited, subdistant,

interstices slightly veined, sometimes furcate near the margin of the pileus, waxy-tough,

15-24 primaries 2-4 mm wide, 2-4 ranks, grey then whitish. Flesh 1-2 mm thick in

the centre of the pileus, waxy-soft, tough in the gills, hygrophanous, concolorous. Smell

slightly sebaceous.

On dead wood in the forest. Malay Peninsula (Johore, Singapore), Borneo.

Spores 6.5-8 x 4.5-5.5 um, not amyloid. Basidia 30-38 x 7-8 um; sterigmata (2-)4,

4-5.5 um long. Cheilocystidia 35-80 x 8-15 ym, clavate or ventricose, often with a

filiform process with clavate to subcapitate apex S-25(-40) x 1.5-8 um (at the apex),

not as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none or sparse and as the cheilocystidia. Caulo-

cystidia 10-50 x 5-12 um, clavate or ventricose often appendiculate, towards the stem-

apex as the cheilocystidia. Pileocystidia 30-90 = 7-17 um, as the cheilocystidia, often

flexuous, with umber sap. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells 350-1200 x 10-30 um, walls

0.5-1.5 wm thick.

This is close to 7; anthidepas but lacks its yellow colour, the cheilocystidia are dif-

ferently formed and the caulocystidia are colourless. A collection from Borneo (Kinabalu

1600 m alt., RSNB 5299) had all the distinctions of 7: subdistans but the spores were

narrower, 6-7.5 x 3.7-4.7 ym, and the pleurocystidia, 60-120 x 9-16 wm, were more

frequent; thus, it approaches 7. mycenoides. | think that 7) subdistans may grade into

the neotropical 7. guadelupensis (p. 91).

T. subgelatinosa Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 239, f. 115b (in error called 7: grisea), pl. SF; (p. 220, in error as T- grisea).

Fruit-bodies greyish or brownish fuscous, fading white, or the gills soon white. Pileus

40-70 mm wide, soon deeply umbilicate to infundibuliform, never umbonate, not

pervious, smooth or sometimes rugulose in the centre, striate to the centre; margin

incurved then slowly revolute. Stem 25-40 x 4-5 mm, cylindric, hollow, cartilaginous,

base abrupt. Gills decurrent, rather distant, not furcate, edge obtuse and rather thick,

interstices slightly veined transversely, waxy-soft subgelatinous, 13-18 or 16-24 primaries

2.5-6 mm wide, 2-3 ranks. Flesh 0.5-1.5 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, waxy-

subgelatinous, tough but becoming rather fragile in the stem. Smell none.

On fallen trunks in the forest, often in troops, sometimes on the ground. Malaya,

Sarawak, Solomon Islands.

Spores 6-9 x 5.2-7 um, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 30-40

x 6-7.5 um; sterigmata (2-)4, 4-5 um long. Cheilocystidia —60 x 7-14 um, clavate

to subventricose, rarely with a short obtuse appendage, sometimes mainly cylindric

76 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

—75 um long, at first finely multiguttulate and forming a sterile edge to the gill but

evanescent. Pleurocystidia —70 x 8-15 um, clavate and projecting —30 um or not at

all, or 40-130 x 5-15 um, subfusiform to ventricose with prolonged obtuse apex

3-9 wm wide, projecting —80 um, with transitions to the clavate form and to sterile

basidia with 1-2 abortive sterigmata, at first finely multiguttulate. Caulocystidia —60

x 15 um, clavate to subventricose, at first finely multiguttulate then hyaline, evanescent.

Pileocystidia —90 um long, as the caulocystidia, abundant in the centre of the pileus,

sparse over the limb, evanescent. Hyphae clamped; fusiform cells —1800 x 45 ym in

the stem, walls 1-3 ym thick, in the pileus and gills with toughly subgelatinous walls;

narrow hyphae 2-7 ym wide with rather diffluent walls, on the surface of stem and

pileus at first finely multiguttulate. Pileus with a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis,

several cells thick in the central part, thinning or disappearing towards the margin.

Collections: — Malaya, Pahang, Tembeling, 1 Dec. 1930, on the ground (type); Penang,

300 m alt., 31 July 1972, on rotten wood, Corner P-82. — Sarawak, Kuching, 20 Aug.

1972, on rotten wood, Corner P-109. — Solomon Islands, San Cristobal, Warahito R.,

25-27 July 1965, RSS 798 on a fallen trunk, RSS 816 in humus; Santa Ysabel, Cockatoo

Anchorage, 20 Sept. 1965, on a-fallen trunk of Casuarina papuana, RSS 1419.

Further discoveries of this species have enabled me to improve the original descrip-

tion, which was based on mature and ageing specimens. The species comes into line

_ with T. lilaceogrisea and especially T. cystidiata because it has hymenial cystidia, a sterile

gill-edge initially, and the pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis which is the cause of

the rugulose centre of the pileus. These features are clear in the half-expanded fruit-

body but the cystidia then begin to collapse. The toughly subgelatinous consistency

and the finely guttulate superficial hyphae are characteristic. The change of habitat

from rotten wood to humus probably results from the mouldering of the trunk into

the soil. Unfortunately, a mistake crept into my original description, for I had intended

to call the species 7. grisea until I found that name pre-occupied.

T. subglobospora Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 239.

Pileus 6-35 mm wide, convex then deeply umbilicate, smooth or finely furfuraceous

squamulose in the centre, striate, at first fuscous fuliginous to fuscous brown, on ex-

pansion paler to greyish, buff white or livid white, slightly innately fuscous virgate;

margin slightly incurved at first. Stem 8-50 x 1-4 mm, cylindric, hollow, cartilaginous,

minutely pruinose, fuscous pruinose towards the slightly swollen substrigose base

2-6 mm wide, concolorous then whitish. Gills shortly to deeply decurrent, scarcely

crowded, narrow, often furcate or joined, interstices becoming strongly (if delicately)

poroid reticulate 8-12 or 19-30 primaries 1-2 mm wide, 2-4 ranks, concolorous then

whitish. Flesh very thin, almost membranous in the pileus, rather tough, hygrophanous.

Smell none.

On rotten wood in the forest, often densely caespitose. Malaya, Borneo, Solomon

Islands.

Spores 4-5.5 ym, subglobose, or 4-4.7 x 3-3.5 wm or 6 X 5S wm and pruniform,

pale violaceous amyloid. Basidia 18-36 x 5-7 um; sterigmata 4, 4-5 um long. Cheilo-

cystidia —30 x 4-9(-14) ym, clavate to subventricose, as a narrow sterile gill-edge or

scattered or none. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia —50 ym long, as the cheilo-

cystidia, sometimes more or less capitate, towards the base of the stem with fuscous

sap. Pileocystidia —75 x 16 um, as the cheilocystidia, as a disrupted palisade. Hyphae

clamped; fusiform cells 400-1500 x 8-25 um. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous

hypodermis.

Additional collections: — Solomon Islands, Kolombangara, 25 Aug.-7 Sept. 1965, RSS

1058, 1158 and 1329; Guadalcanal, Mt. Popmanasiu 1800 m alt., 25 Oct. 1965, RSS 1594.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS WT

var. mellea var. nov. Figure 32

Pileus stipes lamellaeque pallide melleo-flavidi, centro pilei fuscato. Borneo, Ins. Solomonenses. Typus,

Ins. Solomonenses, RSS 510; herb. Cantab.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1600 m alt., 6 April 1964, RSNB 8144. — Solomon

Islands, Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego 500 m alt., 2-8 July 1965, RSS 510 and 510A.

The additional collections, cited above, have improved the original description. The

species is evidently common in Malesia. It is distinguished among the fuscous brownish

species by the small, subglobose and slightly amyloid spores and by the poroid-reticulate

gill-interstices. Concerning the cheilocystidia, some collections lack them entirely (as

those cited in the original description and the two collections RSS 1058 x RSS 1329);

others have scattered cheilocystidia like sterile basidia along the mainly fertile gill-edge

(RSS 1158 and var. mellea RSNB 8144), while in RSS 1594 there was a continuous

sterile gill-edge of such cystidia.

Fig. 32. Trogia subglobospora var. mellea. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, x 1000. Caulo-

cystidia, x 500. — Var. subglobospora, caulocystidia, a from RSS 1594,

b from RSS 1329.

Trogia sublateralis sp. nov. Figure 33

Pileus 7-12 mm latus, excentricus usque fere lateralis, convexo-umbilicatus laevis striatus, pallide

ochraceus. Stipes 3-5 x 1 mm, brevis puberulus, flavus dein ochraceus, basi tumido ultimo brunneolo.

Lamellae decurrentes subdistantae, haud venosae, primariae c. 12, 0.5 mm latae, ordinibus 3-4, pileo con-

colores. Caro tenuissima. Odor nullus. Sporae 3.3-4.3 x 2.3-2.7 um, ellipsoideae, pallide amyloideae.

Basidia 14-18 x 3.5-4.5 um; sterigmata 4, 1.5 »m longa. Cheilocystidia —35 x 6-9 yum, clavata, raro

subventricosa, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia 20-40 x 4-9 ym, ventricosa, apice obtuso 2-4 pm

lato, copiosa vel sparsa. Caulocystidia 45-90 x 11-27 um, clavata vel subfusiformia, tunicis brunneolis

(in KOH incarnato-brunnescentibus). Pileocystidia —110 x 11-18 um, ut caulocystidia. Hyphae sarco-

dimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 110-700 x 12-32 um in stipite, tunicis 0.5 »m crassis, in pileo

—45 .m latae; contextus in KOH plerumque incarnatus sed stipitis superficies rubida. Ad lignum putridum

in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, Guadalcanal, Tsuva, 8 Nov. 1965, RSS 1752; typus, herb. Cantab.

Pileus 7-12 mm wide, excentric to nearly lateral, convexo-umbilicate, smooth, striate,

pale ochraceous. Stem 3-5 * 1 mm, short, stout, puberulous, yellow then ochraceous,

finally brownish from the swollen base. Gills decurrent, subdistant, interstices not veined,

Fig. 33. Trogia sublateralis. Fruit-bodies, x 6. Spores, basidium and

pleurocystidium, x 1000. Cheilocystidia and surface of stem,

x 500. Collection, RSS 1752.

c. 12 primaries —0.5 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, concolorous with the pileus. Flesh very thin.

Smell none.

On rotten wood in the forest. Solomon Islands.

Spores 3.3-4.3 x 2.3-2.7 um, ellipsoid, pale indigo amyloid. Basidia 14-18 x

3.5-4.5 ym, without acerose basidioles; sterigmata 4, 1.5 »m long; subhymenium

9-12 wm thick. Cheilocystidia —35 x 6-9 wm, more or less clavate, few ventricose and

not appendaged, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 20-40 x 4-9 ym, ventricose with

projecting obtuse apex 2-4 »m wide, thin-walled, colourless, abundant to rather sparse,

easily overlooked. Caulocystidia 45-90 x 11-27 um, clavate to subfusiform, with

smooth pale brown walls, turning pink to madder brown in KOH at the base of the

stem, forming a continuous palisade at the base of the stem, scattered or subfasciculate

upwards. Pileocystidia —110 x 11-18 um, as the caulocystidia and changing colour in

KOH, but longer and as more or less decumbent hyphal ends, not in a palisade.

Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells in the stem 110-700 x 12-32 ym, walls

—0.5 wm thick, —45 wm wide in the pileus but not forming a pseudoparenchyma;

oleiferous hyphae none. Surface of pileus and stem without a layer of narrow hyphae,

the inflated cells lying along the surface, those on the pileus often with a slight sub-

annular incrustation; marginal cells of the pileus 6-9 um wide, clavate subattenuate.

Most of the tissue of the fruit-body turning pink in KOH, the surface of the stem

turning dark crimson.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 79

This is related with 7: tenax, under which the differences are contrasted. Both seem

connected by the reddening of the tissue in potash with 7; inaequalis of Ceylon, which

has a mesopodal fruit-body with larger spores and no hymenial cystidia. Brown-walled

caulo- and pileo-cystidia occur also in the Brazilian 7? swbrufescens (p. 93).

Trogia subtomentosa sp. nov.

Pileus 20-50 mm latus, conico-convexus dein planus, obtuse umbonatus, fibrilloso-squamulosus vel

subtomentosus, subhygrophanus, pallide cervino-ochraceus, in centro fuscus vel sepiicolor. Stipes 20-45

x 3-5 mm, sursum attenuatus, fibrosus fistulosus, tenuiter pruinoso-subtomentosus, pallide cervino-

subochraceus. Lamellae sinuatae ventricosae subdistantes crassiusculae hispidulae, ad bases subreticulatae,

primariae 28-38, 3-7 mm latae, ordinibus 3(—4), pallide cremeae. Caro 2.5-4 mm crassa in centro pilei,

fibrosa subtenax subdura concolor. Odor nullus. Sporae 5.5-7 x 4.2-5.5 um, late ellipsoideae, pallide

amyloideae. Basidia 26-30 x 6 um; sterigmata (2-)4. Cheilocystidia 35-90 x 9-20 um, fusiformia sub-

yentricosa, apice 1-3 »m lato, copiosa sed haud in acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia —150 .m longa,

ut cheilocystidia, copiosa. Caulocystidia 60-130 x 12-25 um, plerumque subcylindrica, etiam subclavata

vel subventricosa. Pileocystidia ut caulocystidia vel ut hypharum septatarum apices — 350 .m projicientia.

Hyphae in stipite sarcodimiticae, fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes —1500 x 33 um; in pileo lamellisque

monomiticae, cellulis 50-200 x 5-35 um, saepe moniliformes. Ad basim arboris emortui in silva montana.

Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1400-1800 m alt., 10 March 1964, RSNB 5712; typus, herb. Cantab.

Pileus 2-5 cm wide, conico-convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, subhygrophanous,

wholly finely fibrilloso-squamulose to subtomentose, pallid dingy fawn ochraceous, the

disc fuscous fawn to sepia. Stem 2-4.5 cm x 3-5 mm, slightly tapered upwards, fibrous,

subcylindric, hollow, finely pruinoso-subtomentose, pale dingy fawn subochraceous. Gills

sinuate, ventricose, more or less emarginate, subdistant, hispidulous, slightly reticulate

at the base, 28-38 primaries 3-7 mm wide, 3(-4) ranks, pale dingy cream, sometimes

brownish at the uneven edge. Flesh 2.5-4 mm thick in the centre of the pileus, fibrous,

rather tough and hard, concolorous. Smell none.

Caespitose at the base of a dead tree in montane forest. Borneo (Mt. Kinabalu).

Spores 5.5-7 x 4.2-5.5 wm, broadly ellipsoid, pale vinaceous amyloid. Basidia 26-30

x 6 wm; sterigmata (2-)4; no acerose basidioles. Cystidia 35-150 x 9-20 um, fusiform

subventricose, tapered gradually to an obtuse or subacute apex 1-3 um wide, thin-

walled, colourless, smooth, abundant on the gill-surface and edge but 35-90 um long

on the fertile gill-edge. Caulocystidia 60-130 x 12-25 um, mostly subcylindric varying

subclavate and subventricose, smooth, with firm walls, often on irregularly projecting

hyphae composed of cells 3-6 ~m wide (many without clamps), or decumbent, scattered

and in groups as a disrupted pile of hyphal ends projecting —200 um or —400 pm

towards the base of the stem. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, projecting —350 nm

as septate hyphae with cells 30-80 x 7-18 um, many without clamps, forming a dis-

rupted subtomentose pile over the whole pileus, denser than on the stem. Pileus without

a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis. Fruit-bodies turning fuliginous in alcohol-

formalin, with the walls of the subtomentum on stem and pileus becoming fuscous

brownish.

In modern taxonomy, this would probably be placed in 7richolomopsis, if no account

is taken of the sarcodimitic stem. In 7rogia, the thick flesh and subtomentose surface

of pileus and stem indicate the primitive construction of the hymenioderm prevalent

in other species. The fruit-bodies resemble those of 7: latifolia and T. tricholomatoides,

but differ in the presence of pleurocystidia.

Trogia subtranslucens sp. nov. Figure 34

Receptacula breviter pleuropodalia, stereiformia, pallide livido-grisea vinaceo-tincta subtranslucentia.

Pileus —25 mm latus, flabelliformis ascendens laevis margine undulato. Stipes —3 x 2.5 mm, basi dis-

coideo breviter albo-strigoso. Hymenium laeve vel ad basim lamellis pliciformibus vix evolutis sulcatum.

Sporae 6-8 x 4-4.7 .m, inamyloideae. Basidia 40-50 x 7-8 .m; sterigmata 4, 3-4 »m longa. Hymenium

80 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

—80 «um incrassatum. Cystidia nulla. Caulocystidia —65 x 3-6(-10) ym, ut in 7. cervina, capitata vel

moniliformia. Pileocystidia ut processus —20 x 1-3.5 um, saepe lobulatis. Hyphae in stipite sarcotrimiticae

ut in 7. cervina, in pileo sarcodimiticae, fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 150-1100 x 10-40 um, tunicis

1-3 um crassis. Ad trunci caudicem emortuum in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, San Cristobal, fl. Warahito,

27 July 1965, RSS 828; typus, herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies shortly pleuropodal, stereiform, wholly pale greyish livid tinged vinaceous

especially in the hymenium, subtranslucent. Pileus —25 mm wide, flabelliform, ascend-

ing, smooth, undulate at the margin. Stem —3 x 2.5 mm, the base as a shortly white-

strigose small disc. Hymenium smooth or with faint short gill-folds at the base.

On a dead stump in the forest. Solomon Islands, San Cristobal.

Spores 6-8.5 x 4-4.7 um, ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 40-50 x 7-8 um; sterig-

mata 4, 3-4 »m long. Hymenium thickening —80 pm, without cystidia. Caulocystidia

—65 x 3-6(-10) um, as in T. cervina, capitate and moniliform. Pileocystidia as short

excrescent, often lobulate, processes —20 x 1-3.5 wm. Hyphae sarcotrimitic in the

stem, sarcodimitic in the pileus, clamped; fusiform cells 150-1100 x 10-40 ym, walls

1-3 um thick in the older tissue. Pileus without pseudoparenchyma.

This species is interesting because it has vestigial gill-folds such as are improved in

T. venulosa and T. infundibuliformis. Thus, it makes the transition to T. cervine, of

which it may be regarded as a pale variation.

-T. subviridis Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 240, f. 130-132.

Pileus 15-40 mm wide, convexo-plane then umbilicate to infundibuliform, pruinoso-

villous and striate over the limb, greyish tinged greenish ochraceous to greenish bluish,

in age subochraceous; margin at first incurved. Stem 20-40 x 1.5-4 mm, often ex-

centric, cylindric, hollow, waxy-cartilaginous, base abrupt, white pruinose, white then

yellowish in age. Gills deeply decurrent, subdistant to rather crowded, thin, interstices

often reticulate especially towards the margin of the pileus, subcartilaginous, 22-36

primaries 1.5-3.5 mm wide, 2-3(-4) ranks, white to yellowish. Flesh 0.7-1.5 mm thick

in the centre of the pileus, rather tough, fissile, hygrophanous, concolorous. Smell none.

On dead wood and sticks in the forest, affixed by a thin white mycelium. Malay

Peninsula, widespread.

Spores 7-10 x 4-5 ym, not amyloid. Basidia 32-40 x 7-8 um; sterigmata (2-)4,

4-5 wm long. Cheilocystidia 45-100 x 7-15 um, narrowly ventricose with apex 3-7 »m

wide, scattered along the fertile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia as the cheilocystidia, the base

deeply immersed, numerous. Caulocystidia —80 x 3-15 um, clavate to elongate ven-

tricose. Pileocystidia 25-100 x 8-30 um, clavate, rarely ventricose, some slightly thick-

walled, forming a compact palisade in the centre of the pileus. Hyphae clamped;

hab de

ee = pe ene wep ete

Fig. 34. Trogia subtranslucens. Fruit-body, x 2. Spores, x 1000. Pileocystidia

and caulocystidia (right), x 500. Collection, RSS 828.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 81

fusiform cells —2000 x 10-30 um, walls —1 um thick. Surface of pileus with appressed

radiating hyphae 3-8 um wide with pale fuscous umber vacuoles; no pseudoparen-

chymatous hypodermis.

The greenish tint of the grey pileus leads to the recognition of this species and it

is confirmed by the large cystidia.

Trogia tenax sp. nov. Figure 35

Receptacula excentrica pleurotoidea, cervino- vel cinnamomeo-brunneus, saepe aurantiaco- vel ferrugineo-

tincta, lamellis pallidis. Pileus —18 mm radio, —25 mm latus, spathulato-flabelliformis vel subdiscoideus,

primo margine incurvo, hygrophanus, opacus, tenuiter fibrilloso-pruinosus, in centro furfuraceus. Stipes

2-7 x 1-3 mm, aliquando fere nullus, sublateralis solidus pruinoso-puberulus, basi abrupto. Lamella alte

decurrentes, vix confertae, etiam subdistantes, crassiusculae, aliquando connexae, nec furcatae nec venosae,

primariae 7-14, —1.3 mm latae, ordinibus 2-5. Caro dura tenax, succo aquoso exudans, in KOH rufescens.

Odor nullus. Sporae 3-4 x 2-2.5 um, ellipsoideae, pallide amyloideae. Basidia 12-18 x 3.5-4.5 »m;

sterigmata 4, 3-3.5 u.m longa. Cheilocystidia —50 x 7-13 um, clavata vel subventricosa, tunicis in KOH

saepe incarnatis, ut acie sterili instructa. Pleurocystidia 25-65 x 7-13 um, projicientia, plerumque subven-

tricosa, copiosa. Caulocystidia 30-95 x 9-25(-40) um, clavata, obtusa vel subattenuata, tunicis brunneolis

et in KOH rufescentibus, copiosa. Pileocystidia 30-200 x 8-40 um, ut caulocystidia sed longiora, saepe

decumbentia, tunicis aliquando leniter incrustatis. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes

70-800 x 18-45 um, tunicis 0.5-3 um crassis, in matrice subgelatinoso hypharum angustiarum 1.5-5 u.m

latarum immersae; oleiferae 2-7 »m latae, aliquando ramosae et fibula-septatae; contextus in KOH

rufescens. Ad truncos delapsos in silva, saepe dense gregaria. Borneo, Ins. Solomonenses. Typus, Ins.

Solomonenses, RSS 526; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies wholly fawn brown to cinnamon fawn, often tinged orange or fer-

ruginous, the gills paler and whitish near the edge, strongly excentric, pleurotoid.

Pileus —18 mm in radius, —25 mm wide, spathulate-flabelliform or subdiscoid, at first

convex with incurved margin, finely fibrilloso-pruinose, scurfy over the centre, hygro-

phanous, opaque. Stem 2-7 x 1-3 mm, almost lateral, sometimes almost absent,

clavate with abrupt base, solid, pruinoso-puberulous. Gills deeply decurrent, scarcely

crowded to subdistant, rather thick, sometimes joined, neither furcate nor veined, 7-14

primaries —1.3 mm wide, 0.5 mm thick at the base, 2-5 ranks. Flesh hard, becoming

rubbery, waxy-juicy, exuding a watery juice when cut, distinctly rufescent in KOH

(especially the surfaces and gill-edges). Smell none.

On fallen trunks in the forest, often densely gregarious. Borneo, Solomon Islands.

Spores 3-4 x 2-2.5 um, ellipsoid, pale blue amyloid. Basidia 12-18 x 3.5-4.5 um;

sterigmata 4, 3-3.5 »m long. Hymenium not thickening; no acerose basidioles; sub-

hymenium c. 10 »m wide, composed of interwoven hyphae 1.5-2.5 wm wide. Cheilo-

cystidia —50 x 7-13 um, clavate or subventricose, obtuse, not appendaged, the walls

often pinkish in KOH, as a broad sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia 25-65 x 7-13 um,

projecting —25 um, as the cheilocystidia but mostly subventricose with obtuse apex,

very abundant but inconscpicuous, some merely subclavate and scarcely projecting,

thin-walled, smooth. Caulocystidia 30-95 x 9-25(-40) um, as the cheilocystidia but

with pale brownish walls rufescent in KOH, very abundant, as a more or less continuous

palisade derived from a thin layer of narrow superficial hyphae. Pileocystidia 30-200

x 8-40 um, clavate, obtuse or subattenuate, as the caulocystidia but very variable, very

abundant as an irregular disrupted palisade but more or less decumbent in the outer

part of the limb, some with slightly encrusted walls. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped;

fusiform cells 70-800 x 18-45 ym, walls 0.5-3 »m thick, embedded in a tough sub-

gelatinous matrix formed by the narrow hyphae 1.5-5 ym wide; oleiferous hyphae

2-7 um wide, sometimes branched and clamped, frequent in the pileus and gills. Sur-

face of pileus with a discontinuous layer of narrow hyphae producing the pileocystidia,

overlying the very large inflated cells often with a plaque-like or subannular incrustation

(pale rufous in KOH), not pseudoparenchymatous. Tissue turning reddish in KOH.

Fig. 35. Trogia tenax. Fruit-bodies, x 2. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia, pileocystidia

and stem-tissue, x 500. Collection, RSS 526.

Collections: — Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu, Mesilau 1600 m alt., 7 April 1964, RSNB 8102.

— Solomon Islands, Guadalcanal, Mt. Gallego, 3 July 1965, RSS 526; San Cristobal,

Warahito R., 24 Aug. 1965, RSS 768.

This is allied with 7? sublateralis but the fruit-bodies are more richly coloured with

better developed gills and tougher consistency. They may be merely varieties of one

species which resembles 7: inaequalis of Ceylon in the reddening of the tissue in potash,

though 7. inaequalis lacks hymenial cystidia and has larger spores. This reddening

reminds me of the neotropical and gill-less 7? papyracea, usually regarded as a distinct

genus Hymenogloea, which Singer allies with Marasmius without noting the sarcodimitic

construction. The slight incrustation on many of the large outer hyphae of the pileus

cause them to appear like ‘spiral tracheids’.

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 83

Trogia tricholomatoides sp. nov. Figure 14

Pileus —8 cm latus, convexo-planus, acute umbonatus, siccus, radiatim rugulosus, marginem versus

striatus, pallide flavido-albidus, centro ruguloso subfuscus. Stipes —5 cm xX 7 mm, cylindricus fibrosus

fistulosus, basi abrupto subvilloso, albidus. Lamellae sinuato-emarginatae subdistantes latissimae, lateribus

subrugulosis, primariae c. 22, —15 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3, albidae dein flavidulae. Caro tenuis fissilis

alba. Odor subfragrans. Sporae 5.5-6.5(-7) x 4.7-5.2 um, subglobosae, non amyloideae. Basidia 25-30

x 6.5 um; sterigmata 4. Cystidia nulla, acie lamellae fertili. Caulocystidia —45 x 6-11 um, cylindrica,

clayata vel subventricosa, collabefientia. Pileocystidia ut caulocystidia, copiosa. Hyphae sarcodimiticae

fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes in stipite 370-2300 x 17-40 um, tunicis —1 um crassis. Ad lignum emortuum

sub arboribus. Ceylon, Yala National Park, 3 Jan. 1969, Corner s.n.; typus, herb. Cantab.

Pileus —8 cm wide, convexo-plane, acutely umbonate, dry, pale yellowish white

or pale bistre, clouded fuscous over the rugulose disc, radially rugulose and innately

streaked to the thin substriate margin. Stem 5 cm xX 7 mm, cylindric, fibrous, hollow,

the abrupt base white subvillous, pallid white. Gills sinuate-emarginate, subdistant, very

broad, subrugulose on the sides, c. 22 primaries —15 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, pallid white

to yellowish, edge entire. Flesh relatively thin, fissile, white. Smell slightly fragrant.

On dead wood under trees. Ceylon.

Spores 5.5-6.5(-7) x 4.7-5.2 um, subglobose, oleaginous, not amyloid. Basidia

25-30 x 6.5 um; sterigmata 4. Cystidia none, the gill-edge fertile. Caulocystidia —45

x 6-11 pm, cylindric to clavate or subventricose, often irregular, collapsing, many

merely incipient. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, abundant but not in a palisade,

apparently persistent. Hyphae sarcodimitic in all parts, clamped; fusiform cells in the

stem 370-2300 x 17-40 um, walls —1 um thick; narrow hyphae 2-6 um wide, walls

—1 pm thick, interweaving. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

This is very close to 7. /atifolia under which the differences are given. It does not

seem to be in Pegler’s work on the agarics of Ceylon (1986), but compare Dermoloma

scotodes.

T. umbrino-alba Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 243, f. 93c, 133, 134.

Pileus 8-14 mm wide, convex then plane and concave, varying umbilicate to sub-

umbonate, substriate, dark fuscous to umber, paler towards the margin, drying minutely

pruinose; margin incurved at first. Stem 10-23 x 0.7-1 mm, cylindric, hollow, carti-

laginous, puberulous, base abrupt with a few fibrils, white then fuscous yellowish or

ochraceous from the base. Gills deeply decurrent, crowded, rarely furcate, thin, inter-

stices smooth, 18-24 primaries 1 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, grey then white. Flesh rather

thick, soft, hygrophanous, yellowish in age. Smell none.

On dead wood. Singapore, ? Brazil (p. 93).

Spores 7-8 x 4.5-5 um, not amyloid. Basidia 20-25 x 6-7 um; sterigmata 4, 3 pm

long. Cheilocystidia 35-75 x 9-18 um, mostly ventricose with the apex 3-6 nm wide

and often shortly lobed, varying clavate, as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none.

Caulocystidia 15-55 x 6-15 um, subcylindric to subventricose, hyaline or with pale

umber sap. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, varying subglobose, with umber sap.

Hyphae calmped; fusiform cells —2500 x 9-30 um, walls —0.5 um thick; oleiferous

hyphae 3-8 zm wide, in places —13 »m, numerous, often furcate in the pileus. Surface

of pileus with a discontinuous layer of narrow radiating appressed hyphae 3-6 um wide

and an imperfectly compacted hypodermal pseudoparenchyma of cells 30-100 x

15-39 pm with umber sap, this layer c. 100 um thick in the centre of the pileus.

Key to the varieties

1. Spores 7-8 x 4.5-5 um. Cheilocystidia often lobate. Pileus fuscous umber. Stem yellowing. Gills deeply

deeurrent, prey then White. SIMPApPOLe = seein tells el ale ele iia aiele ies win = var. umbrino-alba

1. Spores 5-7 x 3.7-5 um. Cheilocystidia not lobate. Pileus fuscous grey. Stem not yellowing. Gills white.

84 TROGIA IN TROPICAL ASIA AND AUSTRALASIA

. Gills adnate or subsinuate, 20-23 primaries —3 mm wide, often veined at the base. Pileus with

papilliform:, umbo:. “Borneojse.c.. <5 seers oe aie ee oe ee eee var. A

2. Gills adnato-decurrent, 16-18 primaries —1 mm wide, not veined. Pileus not umbonate. Solomon

GEG ee Aneel oSoe Sse Rocce Goce eed OMSL ome gaa eo ode var. B

var. A Figure 36

Pileus —16 mm wide, with papilliform umbo, fuscous grey. Stem —20 x 2 mm,

white, fuscous pruinose downwards. Gills adnate or sinuate, slightly ridged at the base

towards the margin of the pileus and even subreticulate, white. Spores 5.5-7 x 4-5 um.

Basidia 24-28 x 5.5-6.5 um; sterigmata 4, 3 um long. Cheilocystidia —50 x 7-13 um,

clavate to ventricose with short obtuse or filiform apex attenuate —30 x 1.5-3 um,

not lobate. Caulocystidia —85 x 7-15 um, subcylindric, clavate or ventricose, not

appendaged. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, the walls often slightly thickened. Fusi-

form cells —1000 x 25 ym in the stem, —40 um in the pileus. Surface of pileus with

a layer 20-30 um thick, composed of 2-5 um radiating hyphae; hypodermis composed

of short cells 50-250 x 12-30 um, compacted into a pseudoparenchyma 50-60 pm

thick in the central part of the pileus; marginal cells 7-14 um wide, clavate.

On dead wood in the forest. Borneo, Mt. Kinabalu 1600 m alt., Bembangan R..,

25 Feb. 1964, RSNB 5459.

Fig. 36. | Trogia umbrino-alba var. A. Fruit-body, x 2. Spores, x 1000.

Cheilocystidia and caulocystidia (right), x 500. Collection, RSNB

5459.

var. B Figure 37

Pileus —10 mm wide, conical, not umbonate, striate, fuscous grey. Stem —14 x

1 mm, puberulous, base subbulbous, white. Gills adnato-decurrent, rather crowded, not

veined, 16-18 primaries —1 mm wide, white. Spores 5-6 x 3.7-4.5 um. Basidia 20-25

x 5-6 um; sterigmata 4. Cheilocystidia —30 x 7-10 um, clavate to ventricose, often

with a slender tapering appendage —17 x 0.5-1 um, not lobed. Caulocystidia —35 x

7-13 um, as the cheilocystidia but not appendaged, with pale brown sap towards the

stem-base. Pileocystidia —55 x 7-15 um, as the caulocystidia, apex obtuse, wall slightly

thickened, abundant in the centre of the pileus, scattered over the limb, colourless.

Fusiform cells —1300 x 7-20 um. Surface of pileus as in var. A, with thin but well-

formed pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis, the cells with fuscous sap.

On sticks in the forest. Solomon Islands, San Cristobal, Warahito R., 23 July 1965,

RSS 743.

Fig. 37. Trogia umbrino-alba var. B. Fruit-body,

x 2. Spores, x 1000. Cheilocystidia and

pileocystidia, x 500. Collection, RSS 743.

It seems that there is considerable variation about the idea of 7. umbrino-alba and

more collections are needed in evaluation. The two varieties resemble 7: subdistans but

have the sterile gill-edge of 7’ umbrino-alba, and they differ from this species especially

in the construction of the surface of the pileus with its skin of narrow hyphae over

the well-formed pseudoparenchyma.

Trogia venulosa sp. nov. Figure 38

Receptacula pallide livido-incarnata, aetate sordida ochracea. Pileus —45 mm latus, plano-umbilicatus

dein infundibuliformis, laevis hygrophanus, sicco tenuiter subtomentosus; margine recto integro. Stipes

5-8 x 2-3 mm, brevis farctus, plus minus centralis. Lamellae decurrentes, pliciformes, aliquando furcatae,

interstitiis laevibus, c. 30 primariae —0.2 mm latae, ordinibus 1-2(-3). Caro 1 mm crassa in centro pilei,

fissilis, in stipite tenax. Odor nullus. Sporae 7.5-10 x 5-6 ym, inamyloideae. Basidia 45-58 x 7.5-9 um;

sterigmata 4, 4-5 .m longa. Cystidia in hymenio nulla, acie lamellae fertili. Hymenium paullo incrassatum,

dein hyphis 1-3 ym latis e subhymenio — 200 um longis vestitum. Caulocystidia —65 x 3-5 ym, hinc inde

—9 um lata, cylindrica, clavata vel subventricosa, capitata vel moniliformia, tunicis nonnullis paullo in-

crassatis, ut hymenio hyphis angustis vestita. Pileocystidia ut caulocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae;

in stipite fere sarcotrimiticae; cellulae fusiformes 100-800 x 9-26 um, tunicis in stipite 1-2.5 m crassis;

hyphae angustae in stipite crasse tunicatae processos ligativos emittentes. Ad truncum delapsum in silva.

Ins. Solomonenses, Kolombangara, 25 Aug. 1965, RSS 1057; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies wholly pale livid flesh pink, pale sordid ochraceous in age. Pileus

—45 mm wide, plano-umbilicate to infundibuliform, smooth, hygrophanous, drying

finely subtomentose; margin straight, entire. Stem 5-8 x 2-3 mm, more or less central,

short, stuffed. Gills decurrent, as faint radiating obtuse ridges —0.2 mm high, c. 30

primaries in 1-2(-3) ranks, sometimes, furcate, the interstices smooth. Flesh c. 1 mm

thick in the centre of the pileus, fissile, tough in the stem.

On a fallen trunk in the forest. Solomon Islands, Kolombangara.

Spores 7.5-10 x 5-6 um, ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia 45-58 x 7.5-9 um; sterig-

mata 4, 4-5 um long. Cystidia none in the hymenium, the gill-edge fertile. Hymenium

thickening slightly, then in old specimens overgrown with a dense pile of narrow cylin-

dric hyphae 1-3 »m wide, excrescent from the subhymenium to a distance of 200 um.

Caulocystidia and pileocystidia —65 x 3-5 um, swollen in places —9 um, cylindric,

clavate or subventricose, capitate or moniliform, with thin or slightly thickened walls,

some appearing as sterile basidia, becoming overgrown as the hymenium with a super-

Fig. 38. | Trogia venulosa. Fruit-bodies, x 1. Basidium, x 1000. Surface of

pileus, x 500. Collection, RSS 1057.

ficial felt of narrow hyphae —100 um thick. Hyphae sarcodimitic, almost sarcotrimitic

in the stem, clamped; fusiform cells 100-800 x 9-26 um (? longer), the walls 1-2.5 »m

thick in the stem; narrow hyphae becoming thick-walled in the stem, some nearly solid,

and producing rather infrequent, sparingly branched, binding hyphae; hyphal ends at

the margin of the pileus 2.5—4.5 um wide, slightly deflexed, developing directly into the

incipient sterile hymenium on the upperside of the pileus, without pseudoparenchyma.

This species comes between T. infundibuliformis and T; subtranslucens which leads

in turn to 7; cervina. The stuffed stem not becoming hollow, the very slight gill-folds

(which disappear on drying), and the better developed cystidia on stem and pileus

are the distinctions from T. infundibuliformis, and these cystidia have the capitate to

moniliform shape found in 7. subtranslucens and T. cervina. Thus, here is a line of

Trogia from the mesopodal and narrowly lamellate form to the pleuropodal with

smooth hymenium, distinguished by the lack of brown or umber colour and the lack

of hymenial cystidia; in the process, as the gills are lost, so the hymenium thickens

and the tissue becomes sarcotrimitic. It is possible that 7 venulosa is the uncertain

T. partita of New Ireland.

Trogia — neotropical

The following key to such species as have been recognised as Trogia is largely

artificial. As Singer has remarked, many more will have to be added.

KEY TO IDENTIFICATION

1. Pleurocystidia present.

PeBELt DOGS, Small apUueus reds Stemi-vellOWorafevass, «ii easoue <ucatiesiens «bles oes 5 6 T. acicula (p. 88)

2. Medium size to large; pileus not red.

3. Pileus fuscous ochraceous with darker fuscous umbo. Spores 8-10 x 4.5-5.5 pm

BC OR ORO Ean CERNE RST CMI RRCEE cee acre th Re eaten coer T. fulvochracea vy. brasiliensis (p. 90)

3. Pileus fuscous fuliginous, not umbonate. Spores 5-6.5 x 3-4 wm...... T. fuliginea (p. 90)

1. Pleurocystidia absent.

4. Pileus less than 12 mm wide.

5. White.

6. Gills —2 mm wide. Spores 6-7 x 4-5 ym, pale amyloid. Cheilocystidia none

BS CS DIGIC SLSR SR Beis CRRA ocr AL aa ne ie SN em dade T. impartita (p. 91)

6. Gills —0.7 mm wide. Spores 4.7-5.5 x 3.7-4.7 ym, not amyloid. Cheilocystidia as a sterile

TVG \TS | age bl eereniictr deers Bu ss mictinice:, content cables Sacer cnens. A oases T. alba vy. brasiliensis (p. 88)

5. Pileus brown or fuscous.

7. Pileus —2.5 mm wide, excentric to sublateral, pale fawn. Stem —2 mm long. Spores 5-7 x

SESS ES PLETE tee eee VASE PT. SAUD ee: WS Sh. OU, tA MED ENED HERS PRE T. perpusilla (p. 92)

7. Larger, mesopodal. Spores 4-5 nm wide.

8. Pileus fuscous brown. Spores 7-8 um long. Cheilocystidia as a sterile gill-edge

he pi. yes 0). aes oskis oie es bees eden aeee T. umbrino-alba (p. 93)

8. Pileus fuscous with darker disc. Spores 6-7.5 wm long. Cheilocystidia absent

Be etter oko 0 ETERS CGE ERE TEER CODE PC Ee eae ee a T. buccinalis (p. 90)

4. Pileus larger.

9. Gills more or less yellow.

10. Gills and stem subrufescent on bruising or with age. Pileus fuscous olivaceous fuliginous.

Watery sap copious.

DIYS pores v7 =10\ 64 S=6i pm eee He Pa ee a I T. subrufescens (p. 93)

be Spores:Si5=7:5 ex $33 4 mas See Aes ee a Lae aL var. parvispora

10. Not subrufescent.

12eeSpores(8=9..5¢) G=7ipmit eercva at eipecersetecese ccs, Sovek | Sats. ware shedhiers T. icterina (p. 91)

12. Spores 3.5-4.3 um wide.

13. Spores 7.5-8.5 um long. Pileus umber to fuscous yellowish, innately streaked

SE RS TARO Oe Oe I So Soe Cee on or T. anthidepas vy. brasiliensis (p. 88)

13. Spores shorter.

14. Fruit-body pale fawn ochraceous. Spores 5-6.5 um long, pale amyloid

PAE aa ee POE ts ee eee eee T. laeta (p. 91)

14. Fruit-body citron yellow, pileus fuscous in the centre. Spores 6-7.5 um long.

Basidia 2-spored, but hyphae clamped ................. T. citrina (p. 90)

9. Gills white, grey or brownish.

15. Fruit-bodies dingy fawn brown. Stem thickly brownish villous at the base. Gills —2 mm

wide, reticulate at the base. Spores 6.5-8 x 3.7-S um. Cheilocystidia none

Pater ELITE SENS PORTA FCPS Re RTP RL EC ene ee nati eee es T. basivillosa (p. 89)

15. Not so. Cheilocystidia as a sterile gill-edge (except 7. aquosa)

16. Gills reticulate-poroid at the base.

17. Wholly dark grey, paler with age. Gills —3 mm wide. Spores 6-7 x 4.5-5.5 um

SO eee a Te Ott oh tee Cee, SeE ere eae T. guadelupensis (p. 90)

17. Wholly fuscous tinged flesh colour. Gills —1.5 mm wide. Spores 5.5-7.5 x 4.2-5 wm

ten eae Ih LB AS: Sea ey Arne |S SEA a in REI ea v. subincarnata

16. Gill-interstices not or scarcely veined.

18. Pileus fuliginous black. Stem white, black pruinose. Spores 5.5-6.3 x 2.7-3 um,

Pale*amyloid@ 12: We eee tens hoe nt see ee te T. atropruinosa (p. 89)

88 TROGIA, NEOTROPICAL

18. Pileus fuscous umber to fuscous brown. Stem not black pruinose. Spores 4-5 ym wide.

19. Pileus becoming livid to sordid ochraceous. Spores 4-6 pm long, pale amyloid.

Cheilocystidia 7-10 1m wide, not as a sterile gill-edge.

20% Gillsy—4imnimywide-ssubdistanteiant eres eee ae T. aquosa (p. 89)

20 Gills) S'S mn widecrowdedies-e ne eee v. confertifolia

19. Not so. Spores 5.5-7.5 um long, not amyloid. Cheilocystidia as a sterile gill-edge.

Gills —2 mm wide.

21. Cheilocystidia 9-25 ~m wide. Pileus fuscous brown

Be ee ESA eran eee Pniinthnc ona Gua «3 aoalc T. umbrino-alba (p. 93)

21. Cheilocystidia as sterile basidia 3-7 »m wide. Pileus grey to greyish brown

sis’ gis aaile on alicte SP RRBS PN ces decor eee Te T. buccinalis (p. 90)

T. acicula (Fr.) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 194.

Mycena acicula Fr.; Maas-Geesteranus, Persoonia 11 (1980) 114.

That this species is peculiar in Mycena is shown by the fact that it is made the type

of a particular section Aciculae, and this section has been transferred also to Hemi-

mycena and Marasmiellus, as listed by Maas-Geesteranus. That it is a species of Trogia

is clear from its sarcodimitic hyphae. Although my conclusion has not been acceptable,

no one has explained why this species should be Mycena and not Trogia or why, in

Mycena, it should have the construction of Trogia. In Hokkaido, in the north of Japan,

I found a fungus on the dead needles of Picea yedoensis which was very like 7: acicula

except for its shorter spores 6-7.5 x 3-4 um. It had fusiform cells —2500 x 27 um

in the stem and sparse oleiferous hyphae 2-5 um wide. The pleurocystidia, —55 x

8-13 um, were ventricose with a short subacute appendage mostly capped with an oily

globular excretion, as in 7; acicula. This collection (Corner s.n., 14 Sept. 1966) comes

very close to 7. carminea of Borneo (p. 21).

T. alba Corner (see p. 16)

var. brasiliensis var. nov.

Ut T. alba var. minor sed sporis 4.7-5.5 x 3.7-4.5 um late ellipsoideae vel subglobosae; cheilocystidia

—22 x 8-13 um, clavata; caulocystidia —37 x 3-6 um. Ad truncum delapsum in silva, gregaria. Brazil,

Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt., 19 Noy. 1948, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies white, pallid ochraceous with age. Pileus 3-8 mm wide, convex to

plane, not umbonate, minutely pruinoso-puberulous then smooth, striate. Stem 3-11

x 0.5 mm, minutely puberulous, base abrupt. Gills decurrent, scarcely crowded, inter-

stices smooth or slightly reticulately veined towards the margin of the pileus, 10-14

primaries 0.5-0.7 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, sometimes furcate, the secondaries often vague.

Spores not amyloid. Basidia —25 x 6-7 ym; sterigmata 4. Cheilocystidia as a sterile

gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia but sparse. Hyphae

sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —1100 x 7-25 um; oleiferous hyphae 4-7 pm

wide, scattered. Surface of pileus with a thin pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis of

short cells —30 ~m wide.

This variety combines features of 7. alba var. alba and var. minor and differs from

both in the spores. Thus, it has small fruit-bodies with few gills as in var. minor, short

clavate cheilocystidia as in var. a/ba but set in a sterile gill-edge as in var. minor, and

the short caulocystidia of var. a/ba. Perhaps the slight pseudoparenchymatous hypo-

dermis of var. brasiliensis is another distinction.

T. anthidepas (Berk. et Br.) Corner

var. brasiliensis var. nov. (p. 17)

Pileus 20-50 mm wide, convexo-umbilicate then more or less cyathiform, smooth,

fuscous umber then fuscous yellow on expansion, innately streaked. Stem —40 x

SPECIFIC DESCRIPTIONS 89

3-6 mm, cylindric, hollow, waxy-horny, base abrupt, pale yellow, wholly white pruinose.

Gills decurrent, subdistant, more or less veined at the base, 18-21 primaries —4 mm

wide, 3 ranks, primose yellow to lurid ochraceous yellow. Flesh waxy cartilaginous

without watery juice. Smell none.

On fallen branches in the forest, solitary. Brazil, Mato Grosso, pr. Chavantina,

31 Jan. 1968.

Spores 7.5-8.5 x 3-3.5 um, ellipsoid-cylindric, not amyloid. Cystidia none in the

hymenium, gill-edge fertile. Caulocystidia —70 x 4-7 um, subcylindric, flexuous,

irregularly inflated in places, in the lower part of the stem longer and compacted in

minute tufts. Hyphae as in var. anthidepas.

T. aquosa Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 199.

A collection from Mato Grosso pr. Chavantina, in Brazil (Corner s.n. 21 Jan. 1968)

showed that the pileus is at first greyish brown and becomes paler livid to sordid

ochraceous on expansion. Microscopic details were: — spores 5-6.2 x 3.7-4.2 um,

pale bluish amyloid; pileocystidia as the cheilocystidia but soon collapsing; oleiferous

hyphae —11 pm wide.

var. confertifolia Corner, l.c.

I collected this variety also on Corcovado, Rio de Janeiro, on 19 Nov. 1948.

T. atropruinosa Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 200.

Trogia basivillosa sp. nov.

Receptacula sordide cervino-brunnea, aetate pallescentia. Pileus 10-25 mm latus, planus dein infundi-

buliformis, striaius, seape striis innatis fuscis virgatus et furfuraceus. Stipes 10-15 x 1-2 mm, furfuraceo-

pruinosus dein laevis, e basi fusco-fuligineus, basi abrupto dense albobrunneo-villoso. Lamellae decurrentes

distanta crassiusculae, interstitiis venoso-subreticulatis, aliquando furcatae, primariae 17-20, 1-2 mm latae,

secondariae saepe pliciformes vel nullae. Caro mollis aquosa, in pileo lamellisque fere subgelatinosa. Odor

nullus. Sporae 6.5-8 x 3.7-5 »m, inamyloideae. Basidia 4-sporigera. Cystidia nulla, lamellae acie fertili.

Caulocystidia —50 x 4-9 um, ventricosa, saepe subcapitata, irregularia, tunicis subincrassatis brunneolis.

Pileocystidia ut caulocystidia, tunicis saepe brunneolis. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; celluae fusiformes

7-29 .m latae, tunicis in KOH diffluentibus. Ad ramum emortuum in silva, subcaespitosa. Brazil, Rio

de Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt., 18 Nov. 1948, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Fruit-bodies wholly dingy fawn brown, pale fawn drab with age, the stem becoming

fuscous or fuliginous from below upwards. Pileus 10-25 mm wide, plane then infundi-

buliform, striate, often with innate darker streaks and scurfy particles, weathering

smooth; margin undulate repand. Stem 10-15 x 1-2 mm, scurfy pruinose weathering

smooth, the abrupt base thickly brownish white villous. Gills decurrent, distant, rather

thick, interstices veined and shallowly subreticulate, sometimes forked, 17-20 primaries

1-2 mm wide, the secondaries usually fold-like or none. Flesh soft, watery, almost

subgelatinous in the pileus and gills. Smell none.

On a dead branch in the forest. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt.

Spores etc. as above. Surface of pileus and stem with narrow hyphae developing

brownish walls. Pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

Structurally, this is near to 7? ceraceomollis but the fawn brown colour, the villous

base of the stem, the subgelatinous flesh and the browning of the walls of the super-

ficial hyphae and cystidia are different.

90 TROGIA, NEOTROPICAL

T. buccinalis (Mont.) Pat.

Corner, Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 200; Dennis, Fung. Fl. Venezuela (1970) 23; Pegler, Kew Bull. Add.

Ser. IX (1983).

The following description of a collection from Iquitos, Peru, seems to fit this little

known species, though it had better developed gills and it grew from the ground in

the open. Pegler, however, gives the gills as 0.5-2 mm wide with cylindric to clavate

cheilocystidia 30-40 x 3-7 um.

Pileus 7-11 mm wide, convexo-plane to infundibuliform, subvillous in the centre,

the limb smooth, faintly striate near to the margin, fuscous with darker disc. Stem

10-22 x 1-1.5 mm, base subbulbous 1.5-2.5 mm wide, puberulous, pale fuscous. Gills

shortly decurrent, subdistant, often forked, slightly veined in the interstices, 16-19

primaries —1.5 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, dirty white, fuscous at the base. Flesh thin, rather

firm, fuscous. Smell none.

On bare earth in a pasture. Peru, Iquitos, 10 April 1948, Corner 16/48.

Spores 6-7.5 x 4.5-S um, not amyloid. Basidia 4-spored. Cystidia none, the gill-

edge fertile. Caulocystidia —26 x 4-8 ym, subcylindric to subclavate. Pileocystidia ?

none. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells —1000 x 12 um, walls —1 pum

thick, firm and subagglutinated. Surface of pileus with radiating appressed hyphae,

some with rather divergent ends especially over the disc, without a pseudoparenchy-

matous hypodermis.

T. citrina Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 204; Pegler (1981) ut Gerronema.

T. fuliginea Corner Figure 39

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 207; Singer, Agar, Mod. Tax. (1975) 400 as Hydropus.

I give the following notes on large specimens in Brazil. The gills widen by intercalary

growth and change from being adnato-decurrent to sinuato-ventricose. The pleuro-

cystidia have oleaginous contents. Pileus 4-11 cm wide. Stem 15-40 x 2-5 mm. Gills

adnato-decurrent when narrow, then widening and sinuate-ventricose, 12-15 or c. 20

primaries 6-20 mm wide, 2-3-4 ranks. Flesh 1.5-3 mm thick in the centre of the

pileus, watery, juicy.

On logs in the forest. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt., 11 and 19 Dec.

1948, Corner s.n.

Spores 5S-6.7 x 3-4 um, very slightly bluish amyloid. Cheilocystidia —65 x 4-10 um.

Pleurocystidia 50-75 x 6-15 um, subobtuse, with oleaginous cytoplasm.

T. fulvochracea Corner var. brasiliensis var. nov.

This is described on p. 32.

Trogia guadalupensis (Heim) comb. nov.

Dictyoploca guadalupensis Heim, Rev. Mycol. Paris n.s. 10 (1945) 20; Dennis, Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc.

34 (1951) 473.

Marasmiellus guadalupensis (Heim) Singer, Agar. Mod. Tax. (1975) 321; Dennis, Fung. Fl. Venezuela

(1970) 31.

Pileus 20-65 mm wide, plano-umbilicate, smooth, striate to the centre, dark grey

then fuscous drab or livid on expansion. Stem 10-35 x 1.5-5 mm subcylindric, smooth,

rather fibrous, hollow, base abrupt and slightly thickened, pale livid, sometimes yellowish

towards the base. Gills rather shortly decurrent, narrow, distant, often forked, beautifully

transversely reticulate in the interstices with meshes 0.3-1 mm deep and 1-2 mm wide,

Fig. 39. Trogia fuliginea. Fruit-body, x 1. Spores, x 1000. Pleurocystidia, x 500. Collection,

Rio de Janeiro 11 Dec. 1948.

17-22 or 24-29 primaries 2-3 mm wide, 2-3 ranks, dark grey then pale livid white to

drab flesh-colour or greyish with pale fuscous edge. Flesh thin, concolorous.

On rotten logs in the forest. Neotropics.

Spores 6-7 x 4.5-5.5 um, subglobose to broadly ellipsoid, not amyloid. Basidia

7.5-8.5 ym wide; sterigmata 4. Cheilocystidia —45 x 5-11 um, subcylindric, clavate

or subventricose, more or less as a sterile gill-edge. Pleurocystidia none. Caulocystidia

—95 um long, as the cheilocystidia but more elongate and some with ventricose base

—20 wm wide. Pileocystidia as the cheilocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped;

fusiform cells —23 um wide. Pileus without a pseudoparenchyma.

Collection: — Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt., 21 Nov. 1984, Corner

s.n.; 8 Dec. 1948, Corner 372.

var. subincarnata var. nov.

Differt receptaculis incarnato-tinctis, caulocystidiis brevibus ut cheilocystidiis. Ad lignum putridum.

Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus, 24 Oct. 1984, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Pileus 20-25 mm wide, concave, somewhat sulcate. Stem 10-12 x 2-2.5 mm, short.

Gills with 13-15 primaries 1-1.5 mm wide, 3-4 ranks. Spores 5.5-7.5 x 4.2-5 um,

rather mango-shaped. Cheilocystidia —36 x 4-7 um, subclavate, as a sterile gill-edge.

Fusiform cells —800 x 6-18(—28) um, wall 1-2 um thick in the stem.

This has the pale colour and wide spores of 7- aquosa but the reticulate gill-interstices

of 7. atropruinosa with which it agrees better in construction. Compare 7. subdistans

prs:

T. icterina (Singer) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 218.

Marasmiellus icterinaus Singer, Sydowia 2 (1948) 30. — Gerronema icterinum Singer, Fl. Neotrop.

Monogr. 3 (1970) 31.

T. impartita Corner

See p. 40 for the description of a Brazilian collection.

Trogia laeta sp. nov.

Pileus —25 mm latus, convexo-umbilicatus laevis (sicco pruinosulus), striatus, laete pallide cervino-

subochraceus. Stipes 25-50 x 1.5-2 mm, fistulosus tenax, albido-pruinosus, concolor. Lamellae adnato-

decurrentes subconfertae, haud venosae, primariae 16-23 2-4 mm latae, ordinibus 2-3, pallide concolores,

92 TROGIA, NEOTROPICAL

aciem versus albidae. Caro tenuis firma, in stipite tenax, hygrophana concolor. Odor subaromaticus. Sporae

5-6.5 x 3.5-4.3 wm, pallid amyloideae. Basidia 4-sporigera. Cheilocystidia —60 x 4-9 um, cylindrica

subclavata vel ventricoso-attenuata, primo ut acie sterili instructa dein dispersa. Pleurocystidia nulla.

Caulocystidia et pileocystidia ut cheilocystidia. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes

longissimae —20 ym latae; oleiferae 5-14 »m latae sparsae sed in pileo conspicuae. Ad lignum putridum

in silva. Brazil, Mato Grosso, pr. Chavantina, 29 Jan. 1968, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Pileus —25 mm wide, convexo-umbilicate, smooth, drying finely pruinoso-puberulous,

striate, light pale fawn subochraceous. Stem 20-50 x 1.5-2 mm, cylindric, hollow,

tough, wholly whitish pruinose, concolorous. Gills adnato-decurrent, rather crowded,

interstices smooth, 16-23 primaries 2-4 wide, 2-3 ranks, paler concolorous, whitish

towards the edge. Flesh thin, firm, not waxy, tough in the stem, hygrophanous, con-

colorous. Smell faint, aromatic.

On rotten wood in the forest. Brazil, Amazonas, pr. Manaus.

Spores 5-6.5 x 3.5-4.3 um, ellipsoid, pale vinaceous amyloid. Basidia 4-spored.

Cheilocystidia —60 x 4-9 um, cylindric, clavate or mostly ventricoso-attenuate with

apex 3-4 ym wide, often subflexuous, at first as a sterile gill-edge then scattered in

small tufts. Pleurocystidia none. Caulo- and pileo-cystidia as the cheilocystidia, evidently

as the remains of a continuous palisade in the primordium. Hyphae sarcodimitic,

clamped; fusiform cells very long, —20 um wide; oleiferous hyphae 5-14 »m wide, con-

spicuous in the pileus. Surface of pileus without a pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

This seems near to 7. anthidepas but the fruit-body is more brightly coloured and

not fuscous, and the spores are slightly amyloid.

T. papyracea (Berk. et Curt.) Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 229.

Hymenogloea papyracea (Berk. et Curt.) Singer, Lilloa 22 (1951) 243; Agar. Mod. Tax. (1975) 367.

Dennis, Kew Bull. 18 (1961) 100; Fung. Fl. Venezuela (1970) 33.

While maintaining that this fungus is allied with Marasmius, Singer remarks that

it has no connection with Trogia and that it is completely known. As he omits the

hyphal construction, however, this is hardly true. As a mesopodal sarcodimitic agaric

without gills, it is comparable with 7. si/vestris and its allies; that is with Vanromburghia

which he excludes from Agaricales as uncertain, though entering it dubiously under

Marasmius, e.g. M. silvestris Singer. T. papyracea lacks cystidia and has a hymenioderm

on the pileus, both features of 7rogia. I see no reason to change my opinion; hopefully

closer allies will be found.

Trogia perpusilla sp. nov.

Pileus 1-2.5 mm latus, excentricus vel fere lateralis, convexus laevis, pallide cervinus. Stipes 1-2 x

0.2-0.3 mm, basi abrupto, albo-furfuraceus concolor, basim versus fuscus. Lamellae adnatae paucae

distantes, haud venosae, primariae 6-8, ordinibus 1-3, albae, acie furfuracea. Caro tenuissima mollis

subtenax. Sporae 5-7 X 3-3.5 ».m subfusiformes inamyloideae. Basidia 18-22 x 5.5-6.5 um, 4-sporigera.

Cheilocystidia et caulocystidia ut basidia sterilia fasciculata. Pleurocystidia nulla. Hyphae sarcodimiticae

fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes in stipite 60-250 x 8-14 um, tunicis —1.5 ~m crassis. Superficies pilei ex

hyphis 5-8 ym latis inodermea. Ad folia ramulos caulesque bambusarum in silva. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro,

Corcovado 500 m alt., 30 Noy. 1948, Corner s.n.; herb. Cantab.

Pileus 1-2.5 mm wide, excentric to almost lateral, pale fawn, convex, smooth. Stem

1-2 x 0.2-0.3 mm, cylindric, slender, abrupt at the base, finely white scurfy pruinose,

pale fawn, apex whitish, base fuscous. Gills adnate, few, distant, thin, well-formed, not

veined, 6-8 primaries in 1-3 ranks, white, pale fawn at the base, edge white scurfy.

Flesh very thin, soft, rather tough. Smell not noticed.

On dead twigs, bits of stems and leaves of bamboo in the forest. Brazil, Rio de

Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt.

RHODOARRHENIA 93

Spores 5-7 x 3-3.5 um, subfusiform, aguttate, not amyloid. Basidia 18-22 x

5.5-6.5 um, 4-spored; no acerose basidioles. Cheilocystidia and caulocystidia as clusters

of sterile basidia on the gill-edge and stem. Pleurocystidia and pileocystidia none.

Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped, not dextrinoid, not gelatinous; fusiform cells in the

stem 60-250 x 8-14 um, walls —1.5 um thick; narrow hyphae 3-7 um wide, in the

pileus mostly with walls 0.5-1 zm thick. Surface of pileus with loose appressed, simple

or branched, hyphae 5-8 pm wide, walls 0.5-1 um thick, often with somewhat divergent

subclavate ends 7-10 um wide; no pseudoparenchymatous hypodermis.

The fruit-bodies look like those of Panellus and would be ascribed to Marasmiellus,

but in their sarcodimitic construction in the stem are clearly diminutive and simplified

examples of 7rogia. the species bears comparison with T. /ateralis of Borneo except in

the superficial structure of the pileus which, in 7 perpusilla, is distinguished by the

wide hyphae.

T. subrufescens Corner

Mon. Canth. Fungi (1966) 240, cum var. parvispora.

T. umbonata Rick

Iberingia 8 (1961) 273.

I do not know what this may be.

T. umbrino-alba Corner

(See p. 83).

I give descriptions of two Brazilian collections which seem to be this species, though

the first has shorter spores and longer cheilocystidia than normal, and both lack

oleiferous hyphae. Amazonas, pr. Manaus, Corner s.n. 31 Oct. 1948. — Pileus 15-20 mm

wide, convex then concave, hygrophanous, striate near the margin, smooth, fuscous

umber. Stem 20-25 x 2-2.5 mm, cylindric, hollow, base abrupt and shortly strigose,

white or pallid ochraceous, wholly finely white pruinose. Gills shortly decurrent, scarcely

crowded, narrow, c. 28 primaries 1.5 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, pallid white, fuscous near

the base. Flesh rather thick, water-juicy, concolorous. Smell not strong but distinct.

Spores 5.5-7.5 x 4-5 um, inamyloid. Cheilocystidia —110 x 9-25 um, clavate to ven-

tricose with obtuse apex 4-9 ym wide, as a broad sterile gill-edge. Caulocystidia similar.

Fusiform cells —2800 x 23 um. Pileus without pseudoparenchyma.

Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Corcovado 500 m alt., on a dead root, Corner s.n. 20 Nov.

1948. — Pileus 7-10 mm wide, plane, undulate, opaque or subatomate towards the

margin, fuscous brownish. Stem —30 x 1 mm, cylindric, paler concolorous, puberulous

towards the pale apex, base white strigose. Gills decurrent, scarcely crowded, rarely

forked, interstices not veined, c. 20 primaries 1 mm wide, 3-4 ranks, dingy white. Flesh

concolorous, hygrophanous. Smell none. Spores 7-8 x 4-5 ym, not amyloid. Basidia

c. 30 x 7-8 um, 4-spored. Cheilocystidia 20-65 x 5-9 um, cylindric to subclavate,

or ventricose —12 ym wide with obtuse apex, rather scattered but probably as a sterile

edge to the young gill. Caulocystidia —38 x 6-l1 um, subclavate to subventricose,

some with brown sap. Pileocystidia as the caulocystidia, scattered, more crowded over

the disc, some with brown sap. Pileus without pseudoparenchyma.

Rhodoarrhenia Singer

Sydowia 17 (1964) 142; Reid, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 50 (1967) 333-4; Dennis, Fung. Fl. Venezuela (1970)

102; Pegler, Kew Bull. 28 (1973) 258; Redhead, Can. J. Bot. 62 (1984) 880.

According to Reid, the fungus which I described in 1966 as Rimbachia paradoxa

Pat. is Rhodoarrhenia flabellula (Berk. et Curt.) Singer. Singer’s article came too late

94 RHODOARRHENIA

for inclusion in my monograph. However, this raises a tricky point. According to the

account of Rimbachia given by Redhead (1984), the one important difference between

that genus and Rhodoarrhenia flabellula lies in the monomitic construction of the

former and the sarcodimitic of the latter. Thus, there is vindication of my contention

that without hyphal analysis neither the classification nor the identification of basi-

diomycetes will be correct. Nevertheless, if hyphal construction is disregarded and

preference is given to the form of the fruit-body, as in the cases of Gerronema and

Mycena, then Rhodoarrhenia flabellula can be introduced into Rimbachia alongside

R. paradoxa. | cite the case of monomitic Cantharellus albidus Fr. placed by Singer

and Redhead in Gerronema along with sarcodimitic Trogia icterina. | prefer consistency

and, if all species of Rhodoarrhenia are sarcodimitic, which is not known, regard the

genus as a close ally of 7rogia: indeed, the strongly poroid-reticulate interlamellar space

in some species of Trogia, such as T. guadalupensis, suggest that intermediates may

exist between the two genera.

Concerning my misidentification of Rimbachia paradoxa, in the first place the type

was not available to me; in the second place, Patouillard’s spore-measurements were

very inaccurate, as Redhead has corrected. Then in connection with Rhodoarrhenia,

the only account available to me when my manuscript on cantharelloid fungi was given

to the printer was that by Singer in 1962 where the type-species R. pezizoides was

described with spores purplish red in the mass (Singer 1964). As the fungus was re-

‘garded as merulioid and there was nothing ‘rhodo’ in my interpretation of R. paradoxa,

it could not be Rhodoarrhenia; indeed, | have a tiny cyphelloid fungus with reddish

pink spores and monomitic hyphae from South America, which might be Rhodoarrhenia.

As regards R. flabellula, it was described as Arrhenia by Dennis in 1952 and, as that

genus is monomitic, identification with my interpretation of R. paradoxa did not seem

possible. Dennis put Rhodoarrhenia in Cyphellaceae. Subsequently, Pegler (1973) com-

pared Rhodoarrhenia, Rimbachia and Skepperiella. Rhodoarrhenia was transferred to

Collybieae and distinguished from Skepperiella by the gelatinised context and the lack

of hymenial cystidia; neither the red spores nor the hyphal construction were mentioned.

According to my specimens, R. flabellula has dry context but the hymenial trama and

subhymenium are subgelatinous and, thus, intermediate with Skepperiella in this respect.

Skepperiella was said to be monomitic with inflating hyphae; that is, presumably, in

the stem and pileus because the three illustrations of the genus show uninflated hyphae

in the hymenial trama, just as in my collections referred to R. flabellula. Then in

Pegler’s figures of S. cochlearis and S. spathularia, inflated fusiform cells are shown

in the flesh of the pileus, very like those of Trogia. | am not convinced that Skepperiella

is not sarcodimitic and believe that R. flabellula may be Skepperiella without hymenial

cystidia; such a variation is admitted in several agaric genera, just as in my concept

of Trogia where subgelatinous flesh may occur.

With these uncertainties unresolved, for | am no longer able to undertake micro-

scopic analysis, I give my notes on a new species of Rhodoarrhenia, on the assumption

that the fungus which I described as Rimbachia paradoxa is Rh. flabellula.

Rhodoarrhenia solomonensis sp. nov. Figures 40, 41

Receptacula alba stipitata dorsifixa decurvata, tenaciter subgelatinosa. Pileus —12 mm latus, —10 mm

altus, conico-cupularis; margine integro dein inciso. Stipes 2-5 x 1-1.5 mm, horizontalis vel decurvatus,

puberulus, basi fusco. Hymenium laeve dein e centro radiatim ruguloso-reticulatum. Caro —0.4 mm crassa.

Odor nullus. Sporae 9-11.5 x 7.5-9 jm, albae ovoideo-ellipsoideae, tunica —0.3 »m incrassata, inamy-

loideae. Basidia 40-55 x 8.5-10 um; sterigmata 4, 6-7 «m longa. Cystidia nulla. Hymenium haud in-

crassatum. Hyphae sarcodimiticae fibulatae; cellulae fusiformes 150-1200 x 6-45 um. Superficies stipitis

ex hyphis angustis breviter lobulatis vel tuberculatis instructa, vix ut caulocystidia. Superficies pilei similis.

Ad lignum emortuum in silva. Ins. Solomonenses, San Cristobal, fl. Warahito, 28 July 1965, RSS 739A;

typus, herb. Cantab. Etiam RSS 739, 23 July 1965.

Fig. 40. Rhodoarrhenia solomonensis. Fruit-bodies, x 5. Collection, RSS 739.

Fig. 41. Rhodoarrhenia solomonensis. Spores, x 1000. Surface of

stem, x 500. Collection, RSS 739.

96 RHODOARRHENIA

Fruit-bodies white, decurved, dorsifixed, rather toughly subgelatinous. Pileus —12 mm

wide, —10 mm high, conico-cupular, smooth; edge entire then usually split. Stem 2-5

x 1-1.5 mm, horizontal or sloping downwards, dorsifixed to the pileus, puberulous,

the base fuscous. Hymenium smooth then faintly radially rugulose or subreticulate

(without definite gill outgrowths) from the centre outwards. Flesh 0.2-0.4 mm thick.

Smell none.

On the sides and top of logs in the forest, gregarious to subcaespitose. Solomon

Islands, San Cristobal.

Spores 9-11 x 7.5-9 um, white, smooth, ovoid-ellipsoid, the wall slightly thickened

—(0.3 um, not amyloid. Basidia 40-55 x 8.5-10 um; sterigmata 4, 6-7 »m long; some

basidia sterile with 2-3-4 finger-like sterigmata —8(-14) um long. Hymenium not

thickening. Cystidia none. Hyphae sarcodimitic, clamped; fusiform cells 150-1200 x

6-45 um, more or less embedded in a submucilaginous reticulum of branching and

anastomosing narrow hyphae 1-2.5 »m wide. Stem with the inflated fusiform cells

longitudinal in a peripheral layer 80-100 um thick, the centre filled with the muci-

laginous narrow hyphae; surface composed of narrow hyphae, here and there inflated

—7 um wide, set with small irregular, often crowded, tubercles or processes —5S x

1-2.5 wm, the end-cells projecting —25 um and set with similar processes; no distinct

caulocystidia; surface hyphae at the base of the stem with brownish walls. Pileus

composed mostly of narrow hyphae, with a thin layer (2-3 hyphae thick) of inflated

‘fusiform cells near the surface and overlain by a thin layer of narrow hyphae set with

processes as on the stem; no distinct pileocystidia.

This specis differs from R. flabellula, as | described it under the name Rimbachia

paradoxa, in the distinctly gelatinous flesh, the less reticulate hymenium, the larger

spores with slightly thickened wall, the more densely set processes from the superficial

hyphae of stem and pileus, and the absence of distinct caulocystida.

POSTSCRIPT

Since the submission of this account for publication, another criticism of my inter-

pretation of 7rogia has appeared, this time in connection with Mycena acicula. In the

course of his monograph on the north temperate species of Mycena, Maas-Geesteranus

(1990) concluded that this species might well belong to another genus but would not

accept for it a place in 7rogia. He considered that I was not justified in treating that

genus as sarcodimitic. He pointed out, as I have emphasized from the outset, that the

hyphal structure of the type-species, 77 montagnei, was not known. The original and

only collection has not recently been found but it seems that Patouillard had seen it

because he listed six other species in the genus. As he was the authority on tropical

agarics and subsequent mycologists have followed his idea of the genus, I followed suit.

I examined the types of four of the seven species which he had listed, namely 77.

bicolor, Tr. buccinalis, Tr. infundibuliformis and Tr. partita, and found all to be sar-

codimitic. The position of these four in Trogia has never been disrupted. More recently

I have shown that another of the seven, namely 77. cantharelloides, is a species of

Panus s.str., as it was originally described, or possibly a species of Pleurotus (Corner

1981). A sixth species, 77. grisea, has been retained in Trogia by Pegler (1986) who con-

sidered that it might be only a young state of 77 infundibuliformis. Concerning the

type, I indicated that it might be what I had described as 77 mellea (Corner 1966).

Unfortunately, a temporary error suggested that 77 buccinalis might be a synonym of

Tr. montagnei (Pegler 1977), but 77. buccinalis with fuliginous pileus and stem came

from French Guiana (see p. 53) and it is extremely improbable that it could be 77

montagnei with apricot yellow stem and gills from southern India. I note, too, that the

customary error about 77. cantharelloides has been made by Singer (1975) who has

omitted the well-known and fairly common 77. infundibuliformis, described in 1975,

the generic position of which has always been accepted.

Thus, so far from having no grounds for regarding 7rogia as sarcodimitic, I had

no alternative but to treat it as such.

REFERENCES

Corner, E.J.H. (1981). The agaric genera Lentinus, Panus and Pleurotus. Nova Hed-

wigia Beiheft 69.

Maas-Geesteranus, R.A. (1990). Conspectus of the Mycenas of the Northern Hemisphere

— 14. Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. v. Wetensch. 93 (2): 163-186.

Pegler, D.N. (1977). A preliminary agaric flora of East Africa. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. VI.

. (1986). Agaric flora of Sri Lanka. Kew Bull. Add. Ser. XII.

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Index to genera and species

(main references in italics)

Arrhenia 94 pezizoides 94

solomonensis 94

Cantharellus albidus 1, 94 Rimbachia 94

Collybia platyphylla 44 paradoxa 93

Corrugaria 28

Cyphellostereum 2 Skepperiella 94

Dermoloma scotodes 83

Dictyoploca guadelupensis 90 Tricholoma 2

Tricholomopsis 44, 79

Trogia 2, 7, 87

acicula 22, 88

Gerronema 1, 18, 25, 41, 90, 94 alba 68.073

Rolochionas v. brasiliensis 88

v. minor /6, 62, 73

anthidepas /7, 21, 23, 37, 52, 75, 92

Heimiomyces 6 v. brasiliensis I7, 88

Hemimycena 1, 29, 63, 88 v. saturatior /7

Hydropus 1, 18, 25, 90 aphylla 3, 18, 58, 73

anthidepas 17 v. solomonensis /8

cystidiatus 25 aquosa 89, 91

dissiliens 25 aurantiphylla /8, 33, 37

funebris 36 atropruinosa 89, 91

basivillosa 89

brevipes 20

buccinalis 53, 90

Flammulina 6

icterinum 91

Hymenogloea 82

papyracea 92

Inflatostereum 3, 23, 58 calyculus 21, 33

cantharelloides 1, 96

Marasmiellus 1, 42, 88 carminea 21, 88

guadelupensis 90 ceraceomollis 22, 44, 89

icterinus 91] V. amylospora 22

Marasmius 3, 56, 82 v. bispora 23

silvestris 92 cervina 3, 23, 69, 80, 86

Megacollybia 44 citrina 90

Meripilus 5 cyanea 2, 21, 24, 34, 61

Mycena 1, 94 cystidiata 25, 45, 76

acicula 88, 96 decipiens 25, 47, 73

dennisii 28 v. pleurotella 26, 42

roseocandida 22

Neoclitocybe 1

Omphalina fibula 1

Panus 2

Rhodoarrhenia 2, 93

flabellula 93

delicata 2, 26, 65, 69

diminutiva 28

endocystidiata 29, 47

exigua 3/

fuliginea 2, 90

fulvochracea 19, 3/, 35, 37,

38545553

v. brasiliensis 32, 90

v. fuscogrisea 32

v. solomonensis 32

100 TROGIA

(Trogia) omphalinoides 31, 6/, 69

furcata 33, 63 v. confertifolia 6/

fusciceps 33 pallida 2, 3, 62, 73

fuscoalba 34, 37 papillata 63

v. metuloidea 35 papyracea 70, 82, 92

fuscolutea 19, 35, 36 partita 64, 86

v. minor 37 perpusilla 2, 92

fusco mellea 37 pleurotoides 2, 3, 61, 64, 74

grisea 41 polyadelpha 28, 64, 66

guadelupensis 75, 90, 94 primulina 65

v. subincarnata 9/ pusilla 66

gypsea 17 y. sublateralis 66

hispidula 38 raphanolens 31, 40, 58, 67

v. bispora 38 revoluta 28, 68

holochlora 38 rivulosa 3, 69

icterina 9/, 94 rosea 3, 8, 49, 69, 73

icterinoides 39, 73 rubida 38

impartita 40, 49, 91 seriflua 26, 40, 47, 56, 70

v. griseola 40 silvestris 3, 49, 63, 70, 73, 92

v. major 4/

inaequalis 4/, 58, 79, 82

infundibuliformis 3, 17, 4/, 80, 86

laeta 9/

lateralis 3, 26, 4/, 50, 93

latifolia 2, 43, 79, 83

lilaceogrisa 35, 44, 76

v. bispora 45

limonospora 45, 73

limonosporoides 2, 46, 73

stereoides 3, 73

straminea 74

subdistans 75, 85, 91

subgelatinosa 2, 41, 75

subglobospora 23, 34, 40, 57, 76

v. mellea 77

sublateralis 77, 82

subrufescens 61, 79, 93

subtomentosa 79

de 3.47. 73 subtranslucens 3, 79, 86

eRe Tt subviridis 21, 34, 80

tenax 79, 8/

marasmioides 42, 50 : .

mellea 37, 50 tricholomatoides 79, 83

umbonata 93

minima 2, 52

umbrinoalba 83, 93

montagnei 53

mycenoides 53, 75 var. A 84

nigrescens 54 var. B. 84

v. violascens 56 venulosa 3, 41, 80, 85

nitrosa 56

obfuscata 3, 40, 58, 68 Vanromburghia 1, 3, 18, 49, 73, 92

ochrophylla 58

octava 59, 62, 68 Xeromphalina 6

odorata 60 Xerulaceae 4