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The Gardens' Bulletin

Singapore

VOL. 47 (Part 2) Dec 1995 ISSN 0374-7859

NATIONAL PARKS BOARD

Singapore Botanic Gardens Cluny Road Singapore 259569 Tel: 4741165 Telefax: 4754295

THE GARDENS’ BULLETIN

EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Chairman: Bernard T.G. Tan, B.Sc.Hons. (Singapore); D. Phil. (Oxon.)

Members: Syed Yusoff Alsagoff

C.J. Goh, B.Sc.Hons. (Singapore); Ph.D (Newcastle upon Tyne)

Leo W.H. Tan, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Singapore)

W.K. Tan, B.A. (Wms Coll., Mass.); M.Sc. (M.S.U., Mich.);

Ph.D. (U.M., FI.)

Lawrence C.C. Leong, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D. (Malaya)

Jennifer Ng-Lim Cheo Tee, B.Sc., M.A. (Dublin)

Editors : Chin See Chung, B.Sc.Hons (Singapore); M.Sc. (Malaya); MLS.,

M. Phil., Ph.D.(Yale)

S. Y Geh, B.Sc.Hons., M.Sc. (Singapore); Dip.Hort.Sc. (Massey)

Foong Thai Wu, B.Sc. Hons (Cant.); Ph.D. (Cant.); M.B.A. (UK)

Reviewer: S.C. Chin, National Parks Board, Singapore.

The Gardens’ Bulletin is published twice yearly by the National Parks Board, Singapore.

Neither the National Parks Board nor the Editorial Committee is responsible for the opinions

or conclusions expressed by the contributing authors.

The Gardens’ Bulletin is priced at Singapore $40.00 including postage. Overseas

subscribers are required to make payment in the form of bank drafts or international money

orders in Singapore currency payable to the Chief Executive Officer, National Parks Board,

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Instructions for contributing authors are found behind the Contents Table.

* = = ARNOLO

SEP 23 1997 ZABORETUM

The Gardens' Bulletin

Singapore

WW

VOL. 47 (Part 2) Dec 1995 ISSN 0374-7859

CONTENTS

TURNER, ILM.

A Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya

BAe AAGS Ss oP OF Ps ae SE Rete ee cee costes ABS LL 347— 655

Mishomikeierences.s9.245 sarees le AL a oe 657—702

BT ah AN oo od et wc x dce pdt Soce vb de tacvensbas buses tnaseviibovnsen 703—714

etdex OF Sy Otis Ue eee oo ee eke ee, Be 715—757

Note:

This paper is a continuation of VOL. 47 (Part 1) Jun 1995

Published by

National Parks Board

Singapore Botanic Gardens

Cluny Road

Singapoe 259569

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Singh, H. (1976). Sclereids in Fagraea. Gard. Bull. Sing. 22, 193-212.

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(London: Institute of Biology).

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Ridley, H.N. (1930). The Dispersal of Plants Throughout the World, L. Reeve;

Ashford, Kent: 242-255.

For literature citations in taxonomic papers the following style is required:

Medinilla alternifolia Bl, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. I:2(1849) 19.

Sterculia acuminatissima Merr., Philip. J. Sci. 21 (1922) 524.

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NATIONAL PARKS BOARD, SINGAPORE BOTANIC GARDENS, CLUNY

ROAD, SINGAPORE 259569.

A Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of

Malaya

I.M. TURNER

School of Biological Sciences,

National University of Singapore,

Singapore 119260

Abstract

An annotated check-list of the native and naturalized vascular plant species of Peninsular Malaysia

and the Republic of Singapore is presented. The catalogue includes important synonyms, a brief description

and notes on the habitat and distribution of each species.

The Catalogue

FMP = Flora of Malay Peninsula by H.N. Ridley (vols. 1-5)

FM = Flora of Malesiana, series I (vols. 4-12)

FM = Flora of Malesiana, series II (vols. 1-2)

TFM = Tree Flora of Malaya (vols. 1-4)

459:

139.1.1

139.2.1

139.2.2

1023

139.2.4

139.2.5

139.2.6

13977

139.2.8

139.2.9

139.2.10

139211

139.212

139215

MORACEAE

Antiaris toxicaria Lesch., FMP3 351, TFM3 120: tree to 45 m tall: lowland

forest; widespread.

Artocarpus anisophyllus Mig., J07 138, TFM3 123; Artocarpus superbus

Becc., FMP3 356; pinnate-leaved tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest; NS, M1.

Jh, Sp.

Artocarpus dadah Mig.. J08 91, TFM3 124: Artocarpus lakoocha auct. non

Roxb., FMP3 355: tree to 24 m tall: lowland and hill forest; throughout.

Artocarpus elasticus Reinw. ex Blume, J07 346, TFM3 124: Artocarpus

kunstleri King, FMP3 353; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forests and open

country; common throughout.

Artocarpus fulvicortex F.M. Jarrett, J08 116, TFM3 126; tree to 30 m tall:

lowland forest; Pk, Ph, NS, MI, Sp.

Artocarpus glaucus Blume, J08 118, TFM3 126; Artocarpus denisonianus

King, FMP3 355; tree to 40 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl,

Jh.

Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. ex Trécul, J08 88, TFM3 126: tree to 42 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, K1, Ph, NS, Jh, Sp.

Artocarpus hispidus F.M. Jarrett, J07 331, TFM3 127; tree to 20 m tall:

lowland forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Sp; endemic.

Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. var. silvestris Corner, J07 331, TFM3

129; Artocarpus polyphema Pers., FMP3 354; tree to 24 m tall, the wild

chempedak (var. integer being the cultivated tree); lowland to montane

forest; widespread.

Artocarpus kemando Mig., FMPS5 335, J07 354, TFM3 129: tree to 40 m

tall; swampy lowland forest; Tg, Ph, Sl. Jh, Sp.

Artocarpus lanceifolius Roxb., FMP3 354, J07 140, TFM3 129: tree to 36

m tall: lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Artocarpus lowii King, FMP3 353, J07 339, TFM3 131: tree to 25 m tall:

lowland forest; widespread but uncommon.

Artocarpus maingayi King, FMP3 354, J07 357, TFM3 131: tree to 30 m

tall; lowland forest, especially swamps; throughout.

Artocarpus nitidus Trécul ssp. griffithii (King) F.M. Jarrett, J08 128, TFM3

131; Artocarpus gomezianus auct. non Trécul, FMP3 355; tree to 30 m tall:

lowland forest; throughout.

347

348

139.2.14

139.2.15

139.2.16

189 2A

139.2.18

139.4.1

139.4.2

139.4.3

139.4.4

139.4.5

139.4.6a

139.4.6b

139.4.7a

139.4.7b

139.4.7¢

139.4.8

Artocarpus rigidus Blume, FMP3 352, J07 150, TFM3 131; tree to 45 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; throughout.

Artocarpus scortechinii King, FMP3 355, J07 344, TFM3 134; tree to 45 m

tall; lowland forest; widespread.

Artocarpus teysmannii Miq., J07 341, TFM3 134; Artocarpus peduncularis

Kurz, FMP3 353; tree to 45 m tall; lowland swamps; Pk, SI.

Artocarpus sp. A, TFM3 134; tree to 24 m tall; hill forest; once from Gg

Tampin, NS; ?endemic.

Artocarpus sp. B, TFM3 134; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Gg Ledang, Jh; ?endemic.

Bleekrodea malayana (Corner) C.C. Berg, B19 359; Streblus malayanus

Corner, C30 11; small tree; limestone; Gua Musang, KI; endemic.

Ficus albipila (Miq.) King, TFM3 139; tall tree; lowlands; scattered.

Ficus allutacea Blume, FMP3 344, TFM3 139; epiphytic shrub to 12 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk.

Ficus annulata Blume, FMP3 333, TFM3 140; strangler to 24 m tall; lowland

forest; widespread, commoner in the north.

Ficus apiocarpa Miq., FMP3 338, TFM3 140; climber; swampy lowland

forest; Tg, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Ficus araneosa King, FMP3 345, TFM3 140; slender climber; lowland forest;

Pk, SI.

Ficus aurantiacea Griff. var. angustifolia Corner, TFM3 140; climber;

montane forest; Main Range.

Ficus aurantiacea Griff. var. aurantiacea, FMP3 338, TFM3 140: Ficus

callicarpa Miq., FMP3 338; climber; lowland forest; widespread.

Ficus aurata Mig. var. aurata, TFM3 140; Ficus chrysocarpa Reinw. ex

Blume, FMP3 348; shrub or small tree to 9 m tall; secondary forest; K1,Tg,

Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

Ficus aurata Miq. var. longipilosa Corner, TFM3 141; shrub; lowland and

hill forest; Pk to Sp.

Ficus aurata Miq. var. pedunculata Corner, TFM3 141; shrub; lowland and

hill forest; Tg, Pk, Sl; endemic variety.

Ficus beccarii King, TFM3 141; shrubby earth-fig to S m tall; near rocky

streams; Tg to Jh.

139.4.9

139.4.10a

139.4.10b

139.4.11

139.4.12

139.4.13

139.4.14

139.4.15

139.4.16

139.4.17

139.4.18

139.4.19

139.4.20

139.4.21

139.4.22

139.4.23a

139.4.23b

Ficus benjamina L., FMP3 336, TFM3 141; large strangler; lowland forests

and on roadside trees; throughout.

Ficus binnendykii Miq. var. binnendykii, FMP3 336, TFM3 141; strangler;

lowland forest; Pk, Ph, NS, Jh.

Ficus binnendykii Miq. var. coriacea Corner, TFM3 141; strangler; lowland

forest; Pk, MI, Sp.

Ficus bracteata Wall. ex Mig., FMP3 331, TFM3 141; strangler; lowland

forest; Pk, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Ficus calcicola Corner, TFM3 142, C14 183; shrub or small tree to 8 m tall,

sometime epiphytic; limestone hills; Pk, Ph, Sl.

Ficus callophylla Blume, TFM3 142; scrambler; K1, Tg.

Ficus callosa Willd., TFM3 142: tree to 33 m tall: lowland forest, often near

the sea; Malaya north of Kuala Lumpur.

Ficus caulocarpa Miq., TFM3 142; strangler with many aerial roots;

widespread.

Ficus chartacea Wall. ex King, FMP3 350, TFM3 142; shrub or small tree to

9 m tall; lowland to montane forest; throughout.

Ficus concinna Mig., TFM3 144; strangler; Ph.

Ficus consociata Blume var. murtoni King, FMP3 331, TFM3 144; strangler;

lowland forests and seashores; throughout.

Ficus crassiramea Mig., TFM3 144; Ficus procera Blume, FMP3 332: big

strangler; lowland forest; throughout.

Ficus cucurbitina King, TFM3 144; scrambler; usually near the sea; Ph, Jh.

Ficus curtipes Corner, TFM3 144; Ficus obtusifolia (non H.B.K.) Roxb.,

FMP3 335; scrambler; lowland forest; P. Langkawi, Pn.

Ficus delosyce Corner, TFM3 144; tall strangler; lowland forest; Tg. Pk, Sl,

NS, Jh, Sp.

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. angustifolia (Mig.) Corner, C29 300, TFM3 145;

Ficus diversifolia Blume var. ovoidea Jack, FMP3 346; shrub to 4 m tall,

sometimes epiphytic; lowland and montane forest, common on seashores;

widespread.

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. bilobata Corner, C29 303, TFM3 145; shrub to 5

m tall; ridge forest at 1000-2000 m, also on limestone; Kd to Ph and Sl,

endemic variety.

349

350

139.4.23c

139.4.23d

139.4.23e

139.4.23f

139.4.24

139.4.25

139.4.26

139.4.27

139.4.28

139.4.29

139.4.30a

139.4.30b

139.4.31la

139.4.31b

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. deltoidea, C29 300, TFM3 145; Ficus diversifolia

Blume var. deltoidea (Jack) Ridl., FMP3 346; shrub to 2 m tall, often

epiphytic; seashores to mountain tops.

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. intermedia Corner, C29 304, TFM3 145; Ficus

burkillii Ridl., FMP3 330; Ficus diversifolia Blume var. lutescens auct. non

(Desf.) King, FMP3 346; shrub to 4 m tall, sometimes epiphytic; montane

forest.

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. kunstleri (King) Corner, C29 306, TFM3 145; Ficus

diversifolia Blume var. kunstleri King, FMP3 346; epiphytic shrub; lowland

and montane forest; Jh northward.

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. motleyana (Mig.) Corner, C29 308, TFM3 145;

Ficus motleyana Miq., FMP5 334; shrub to 6 m tall; montane forest; Gg

Tapis, Ph.

Ficus deltoidea Jack var. trengganuensis Corner, C29 310, TFM3 145; shrub

to 2 m tall, sometimes epiphytic; coastal areas, lowland and montane forest;

endemic variety.

Ficus depressa Blume, TFM3 145; Ficus pruniformis Blume, FMP3 333;

strangler; lowland forest; K1, Pk, Ph, Sl.

Ficus disticha Blume, TFM3 145; strangler; montane forest; Tg, Ph.

Ficus drupacea Thunb., TFM3 145; Ficus pilosa Reinw. ex Blume, FMP3

331; big tree; lowland and hill forest; north of Malaya.

Ficus dubia Wall. ex King, FMP3 333, TFM3 146; large scrambler or

strangler; lowland forest; scattered throughout.

Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem., FMP3 334, TFM3 146; large strangler;

lowlands; north Malaya, cultivated elsewhere.

Ficus excayata King, FMP3 344, TFM3 146; epiphytic climber; lowlands;

Tg and Pk to Sp.

Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume var. fistulosa, FMP3 343, TFM3 146; weedy

tree to 15 m tall; secondary forest, waysides; common throughout.

Ficus fistulosa Reinw. ex Blume var. tengerensis (Mig.) Kuntze, TFM3 147;

shrub or small tree; hills and mountains; widespread.

Ficus forstenii Miq. var. pacifica (Elmer) Corner, TFM3 147; strangler;

lowland forest; once from Larut, Pk.

Ficus forstenii Mig. var. villosa Corner, TFM3 147; strangler; lowland forest;

once from Kroh, Ph.

139.4.32

139.4.33

139.4.34

139.4.35a

139.4.35b

139.4.36

139.4.37

139.4.38a

139.4.38b

139.4.39

139.4.40

139.4.41

139.4.42

139.4.43a

139.4.43b

139.4.44

Ficus fulva Reinw. ex Blume, FMP3 347, TFM3 147; Ficus chrysocarpa

Reinw. ex Blume, FMP3 348; Ficus patens Ridl., FMP3 348; small tree to

18 m tall; secondary forests in the lowlands and hills; MI northwards.

Ficus glandulifera (Wall. ex Mig.) King, FMP3 347, TFM3 147; tree to 15

m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, M1, Jh, Sp.

Ficus globosa Blume, FMP3 333, TFM3 147; scrambler; sea coasts to

mountains; Pk and Ph southward.

Ficus grossularioides Burm.f. var. grossularioides, TFM3 148; Ficus alba

Reinw. ex Blume, FMP3 347; shrub to 9 m tall; secondary forest; common

throughout.

Ficus grossularioides Burm.f. var. robusta Corner, TFM3 148; shrub to 9 m

tall; montane forest at 1200 m; Fraser’s Hill, Ph.

Ficus heterophylla L.f., FMP3 339, TFM3 148; shrub to 6 m tall; sandy river

banks; NS northward.

Ficus heteropleura Blume, TFM3 148; Ficus urophylla Wall., FMP3 330;

epiphytic shrub; lowland to montane forest; common throughout.

Ficus hirta Vahl var. hirta, TFM3 148: small tree to 9 m tall; montane forest;

Main Range.

Ficus hirta Vahl var. malayana Corner, TFM3 148; small tree to 9 m tall;

montane forest; Pk, Ph.

Ficus hispida L.f., FMP3 342, TFM3 149; tree to 12 m tall; lowland forest;

SI] northward.

Ficus ischnopoda Miq., TFM3 149; Ficus pyriformis Hook. & Arn., FMP3

349 incl. var. angustifolia Ridl.; narrow-leaved shrub to 5 m tall; in and

near rocky streams; Central and North Malaya.

Ficus kerkhovenii Valeton, TFM3 149; large strangler to 36 m tall; lowland

and montane forest; Kd, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Ficus kurzii King, TFM3 149; scrambler; rocks near the sea; P. Tioman and

islands nearby.

Ficus laevis Blume var. laevis, FMP3 344, TFM3 149; small tree or epiphyte;

lowlands; Ps, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, Sp.

Ficus laevis Blume var. tomentosa King, FMP3 344, TFM3 149; small tree

or epiphyte; lowlands; Tg.

Ficus lamponga Miq., TFM3 150; Ficus lepidosa Wall. ex Kurz, FMP3 350;

tree to 24 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pk, SI, Jh, Sp.

352

139.4.45

139.4.46

139.4.47

139.4.48

139.4.49

139.4.50

139.4.51

139.4.52

139.4.53

139.4.54

139.4.55

139.4.56a

139.4.56b

139.4.57

139.4.58

139.4.59

139.4.60

Ficus lepicarpa Blume, FMP3 343, TFM3 150; tree to 12 m tall; lowland to

montane forest, usually near streams; widespread.

Ficus litseifolia Corner, FMP3 150; small tree to 8 m tall; montane forest;

Gg Padang, Tg.

Ficus lowii King, FMP3 332, TFM3 150; climber; hill forest; Pk, Ph.

Ficus maclellandii King, TFM3 150; strangler; lowland forest; Kd.

Ficus madurensis Mig., TFM3 151; Ficus copiosa Steud., FMP3 340; small

tree; lowland and montane forest; Ml northwards.

Ficus magnoliifolia Blume, TFM3 151; tree to 33 m tall; lowland forest; Sl

northward.

Ficus microcarpa L.f., TFM3 151; Ficus retusa auct. non L., FMP3 335; large

tree with aerial roots; swampy places; common and widespread.

Ficus microsyce Ridl., FMP3 335, TFM3 151; strangler to 36 m tall; lowlands;

Tg, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Ficus mollissima Ridl., FMP3 348, TFM3 151; tree to 12 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, NS; endemic.

Ficus montana Burm.f., TFM3 151; Ficus quercifolia Roxb., FMP3 339 incl.

var. inconstans (Miq.) Ridl.; shrub or creeper; by rocky streams; Ml

northward.

Ficus obpyramidata King, FMP3 343, TFM3 152; tree to 9 m tall; by rivers

of lowlands and hills to 1200 m; throughout.

Ficus obscura Blume var. borneensis (Mig.) Corner, TFM3 152; Ficus

obscura Blume, FMP3 339; Ficus pisifera Wall. ex Miq., FMP3 329; epiphyte

or strangler; lowland forest; common throughout.

Ficus obscura Blume var. kunstleri (King) Corner, TFM3 152; Ficus celebica

Blume var. kunstleri King, FMP3 330; epiphyte or strangler; montane forest;

Kd, Pk.

Ficus oligodon Miq., TFM3 152; Ficus pomifera Wall. ex King, FMP3 350;

tree to 12 m tall; by lowland and mountain streams; north of Malaya.

Ficus oreophila Ridl., FMP3 348, TFM3 152; shrub or small tree to 9 m

tall; montane forest above 1000 m; Kl, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Ficus parietalis Blume, FMP3 330, TFM3 153; climber or epiphytic shrub;

lowland forest; widespread.

Ficus pellucidopunctata Griff., TFM3 153; Ficus indica L. var. gelderi (Miq.)

King, FMP3 334; strangling fig to 24 m tall; lowland forest; widespread.

139.4.61

139.4.62

139.4.63

139.4.64

139.4.65a

139.4.65b

139.4.66

139.4.67a

139.4.67b

139.4.67c

139.4.68

139.4.69

139.4.70

139.4.71

139.4.72

139.4.73

139.4.74

139.4.75

Ficus pendens Corner, TFM3 153; slender climber; montane forest; Pn, Pk,

Ph, Jh.

Ficus pisocarpa Blume, FMP3 336, TFM3 153; Ficus microstoma Wall. ex

King, FMP3 334; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest near streams; Pk, Ph, Sl,

NS, MI, Sp.

Ficus punctata Thunb., FMP3 338, TFM3 154: large creeper; on tree trunks

in open country; widespread.

Ficus pubigera (Wall. ex Mig.) Mig., TFM3 153; climber; once from Ph.

Ficus pubilimba Merr. var. pubilimba, TFM3 153; big strangler; lowlands;

Pk and Pn northwards.

Ficus pubilimba Merr. var. ovata Corner, TFM3 154; strangler; once from

Pn; endemic variety.

Ficus racemosa L., TFM3 154; tree to 24 m tall; by rivers; north of Malaya.

Ficus recurva Blume var. bridelioides Corner, FMP3 345 in part, TFM3

154; epiphyte and rock climber; lowlands; Tg, Pk, Jh.

Ficus recurva Blume var. elegantior Corner, FMP3 345 in part, TFM3 154;

epiphyte and rock climber; lowlands; Tg.

Ficus recurva Blume var. ribesioides King, FMP3 345 in part, TFM3 154;

climber; Pk, Sp.

Ficus religiosa L., FMP3 337; large tree; around towns, widely planted;

naturalized from India.

Ficus retusa L., TFM3 154; Ficus truncata Mig., FMP3 335; tree to 18 m

tall; by rivers; Pk, Ph, Sl], Jh.

Ficus ribes Reinw. ex Blume, TFM3 155; Ficus staphylosyce Ridl., FMP5

334; small tree to 8 m tall; montane forest; NS northward.

Ficus ruginervia Corner, TFM3 155; climber; lowland forest; Jh, Sp.

Ficus rumphii Blume, FMP3 337, TFM3 155; large tree or strangler; rocky

coasts; Ps, P. langkawi.

Ficus sagittata Vahl, TFM3 155; Ficus ramentacea Roxb., FMP3 345; climber;

lowland forest; common throughout.

Ficus schwarzii Koord., TFM3 155; Ficus miquelii Hook.f., FMP3 341; small

tree to 12 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1200 m; widespread.

Ficus scortechinii King, FMP3 343, TFM3 156; Ficus fasciculata Hook.f,

FMP3 343; tree to 5 m tall; lowland forest; common throughout.

3353

354

139.4.76

139.4.77a

139.4.77b

139.4.77¢

139.4.78

139.4.79

139.4.80a

139.4.80b

139.4.81

139.4.82a

139.4.82b

139.4.83

139.4.84

139.4.85a

139.4.85b

139.4.85c

139.4.86a

Ficus semicordata Buch.-Ham. ex Sm., TFM3 156; Ficus cunia Buch.-Ham.

ex Roxb., FMP3 341; earth-fig tree to 12 m tall; secondary forest, often

near streams; north of Malaya.

Ficus sinuata Thunb. ssp. cuspidata (Reinw.) Corner, TFM3 156; Ficus

cuspidata Rienw., FMP3 340; small tree; montane forest; widespread.

Ficus sinuata Thunb. ssp. sinuata var. oblonga Corner, TFM3 156; small

tree; lowlands; Pk, Jh.

Ficus sinuata Thunb. ssp. sinuata var. sinuata, TFM3 156; Ficus rostrata

Lam., FMP3 340; epiphyte or small tree; lowlands to mountains; common

throughout.

Ficus spathulifolia Corner, TFM3 156; epiphytic tree; peat swamp forest;

Sl.

Ficus stricta Mig., TFM3 157; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pk.

Ficus stupenda Mig. var. minor Corner, TFM3 157; strangler; lowland forest;

Jh, Sp.

Ficus stupenda Mig. var. stupenda, TFM3 157; strangler to 30 m tall; hill

and montane forest; Tg, Pk, Sl.

Ficus subcordata Blume var. malayana Corner, TFM3 157; strangler; hill

forest at 600 m; once from near Fraser’s Hill, Ph.

Ficus subgelderi Corner var. rigida (Miq.) Corner, TFM3 157; Ficus rigida

Mig., FMP3 332; strangler; lowland forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Ficus subgelderi Corner var. subgelderi, TFM3 157; strangler; lowland

forest; Pk to Sp.

Ficus subtecta Corner, TFM3 158; big strangler; lower montane forest at

1200 m; Cameron Highlands, Ph.

Ficus subulata Blume, FMP3 329; large climber; lowland and hill forest;

widespread.

Ficus sumatrana Miq. var. circumscissa Corner, TFM3 158 ‘circumissa’; Ficus

acamptophylla Migq., FMP3 335; tree; Tg, Pk, Jh; endemic variety.

Ficus sumatrana Miq. var. microsyce Corner, TFM3 158; tree; Pk, Jh.

Ficus sumatrana Mig. var. sumatrana, TFM3 158; tree, epiphytic when

young; lowland forest; Pk, SI, NS.

Ficus sundaica Blume var. beccariana (King) Corner, TFM3 158; big tree;

lowland forest; Kd, Tg, Ph.

139.4.86b

139.4.87

139.4.88

139.4.89

139.4.90

139.4.91

139.4.92

139.4.93

139.4.94

139.4.95

139.4.96

139.4.97

139.4.98a

139.4.98b

139.4.99a

139.4.99b

139.4.99¢

139.4.100

Ficus sundaica Blume var. sundaica, TFM3 158; Ficus indica auct. non L.,

FMP3 334; big stilt-rooted tree; lowland forest; common throughout.

Ficus superba (Mig.) Mig., TFM3 159: big tree; rocky coasts; common

throughout.

Ficus tinctoria G. Forst. ssp. gibbosa (Blume) Corner, TFM3 159; Ficus

gibbosa Blume, FMP3 329; big tree with many aerial roots; lowlands, often

on rocky coasts; NS northwards.

Ficus trichocarpa Blume, TFM3 159; Ficus obtusa Hassk., FMP3 344:

climber; lowland and hill forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl.

Ficus tricolor Mig., TFM3 159; tree to 18 m tall; montane forest: Tg, Ph.

Ficus tristaniifolia Corner, TFM3 159; strangler; peat swamp forest: Ml,

Sh.

Ficus uncinata (King) Becc. var. strigosa Corner, TFM3 160; earth-fig tree

to 10 m tall; lowland forest margins; widespread.

Ficus uncinulata Corner, TFM3 160: climber; lowland forest; Jh.

Ficus uniglandulosa Wall. ex Mig., TFM3 160; small tree, sometimes

epiphytic; lowlands; widespread.

Ficus urnigera Mig.. TFM3 160; climber; swampy lowland forest; Ph, Jh.

Ficus variegata Blume, FMP5 335, TFM3 160; Ficus polysyce Ridl., FMP3

342; tree to 33 m tall; open country, forest margins; common throughout.

Ficus vasculosa Wall. ex Mig., FMP3 337, TFM3 160; tree to 45 m tall:

lowland forest; common throughout.

Ficus villosa Blume var. tonsa Corner, FMP3 345, TFM3 161: climber:

montane forest at 1300 m; Cameron Highlands, Ph; ?endemic variety.

Ficus villosa Blume var. villosa, FMP3 345, TFM3 161; climber: lowlands:

common throughout.

Ficus virens Aiton var. glabella (Blume) Corner, TFM3 161; Ficus infectoria

Migq., FMP3 337; Ficus glabella Blume, FMP3 336; big tree; lowland and

hill forest; common throughout.

Ficus virens Aiton var. sublanceolata (Mig.) Corner, TFM3 161; tree; rare.

Ficus virens Aiton var. virens, TFM3 161; Ficus infectoria Mig., FMP3 337;

tree; lowlands; P. Langkawi.

Ficus viridicarpa Corner, TFM3 161; tall tree: lowland forests and open

country; KI], Tg, Ph, NS.

355

356

139.4.101

139.4.102

18951

139.6.1

139.6.2

1S 957

139.7.2a

139.7.2b

139.8.1a

139.8.1b

139.8.2

139.9.1

139192

1391913

139.9.4

Ficus vrieseana Miq. var. chamaecarpa (Ridl.) Corner, TFM3 162; small

earth-fig tree; forest margins; widespread.

Ficus xylophylla Wall. ex Mig., FMP3 332, TFM3 162; strangler; lowland

and hill forest; frequent throughout.

Hullettia dumosa King, FMP3 358, J09 337, TFM3 162; shrub or small tree

to 10 m tall; forest from lowlands to mountains at 2000 m; widespread.

Maclura amboinensis Blume; C28 239, TFM3 120; spiny climber; hill and

montane forest; Pk, Ph.

Maclura cochinchinensis (Lour.) Corner; C28 239; Cudrania javensis Trécul,

FMP3 356; small tree; mostly on limestone; Ps, Kd, Pn.

Parartocarpus bracteatus (King) Becc., J09 324, TFM3 164; Artocarpus

bracteatus King, FMP3 352; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest to 600 m; Pn,

SI, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll & Moritzi) Becc. ssp. forbesii (King) FM.

Jarrett, J09 333, TFM3 165; Artocarpus forbesii King, FMP3 352; tree to 40

m tall; lowland and hill forest to 900 m; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Parartocarpus venenosus (Zoll & Moritzi) Becc. ssp. venenosus, J09 328,

TEMS 165; tree to 40 m tall; lowland forest; north of Malaya.

Prainea limpato (Mig.) Beumée ex K. Heyne var. limpato, J06 34, TFM3

167; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest; once from Baling, Kd.

Prainea limpato (Miqg.) Beumée ex K. Heyne var. longipedunculata

Kochummen, TFM3 167; tree to 18 m tall; hill forest; once from Ulu

Gombak, Sl; endemic variety.

Prainea scandens King, FMP3 358, J06 32; liana; lowland forest; Pk, SI;

endemic.

Streblus asper Lour., FMP3 323, TFM3 168; tree to 10 m tall; open country

including limestone; north of Malaya.

Streblus elongatus (Miq.) Corner, TFM3 168; Sloetia sideroxylon Teijsm.

& Binn. ex Kurz, FMP3 324; tree to 33 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Tg,

Pk, Ph, SI, NS, Jh, Sp.

Streblus glaber (Merr.) Corner, TFM3 168; Pseudostreblus caudatus Ridl.,

FMP3 324: shrub; montane forest above 1000 m; Pk, Ph, SI.

Streblus ilicifolius (Vidal) Corner, TFM3 167; Taxotrophis ilicifolia Vidal,

FMP3 322; small spiny tree; limestone and other rocky habitats; widespread.

189195

139.9.6

139197

139.9.8

139.10.1

140.

140.1.1

141.

141.1.1

141.2.1

141.2.2a

Streblus laxiflorus (Hutch.) Corner, TFM3 167; small spiny tree; lowlands

including limestone; north of Malaya.

Streblus macrophyllus Blume, TFM3 168; small tree; lowlands.

Streblus perakensis Corner, TFM3 168; small tree; lowlands; Pk, Ph;

endemic.

Streblus taxoides (K. Heyne) Kurz, TFM3 167; Phyllochlamys wallichii

King, FMP3 322; Phyllochlamys spinosa (Roxb.) Bureau, FMP3 323; spiny

tree to 10 m tall; lowlands, hills, also on limestone; widespread.

Trophis scandens (Lour.) Hook. & Arn., B19 354; Malaisia torulosa Blanco,

FMP3 325, TFM3 120; Malaisia scandens (Lour.) Planch., C14 185; spiny

scandent shrub; lowlands; Tg.

MYRICACEAE

Myrica esculenta Buch.-Ham., FM14 278, TFM2 295; Myrica farquhariana

Wall., FMP3 370; Myrica auriculata (Gamble) Ridl., FMP3 371; tree to 15

m tall; lowland forest, particularly secondary forest on poor soil, mountain

tops; widespread, commoner in the south.

MYRISTICACEAE

Endocomia canarioides (King) W.J. de Wilde, D13 190; Horsfieldia

canarioides (King) Warb., FMP3 55; Horsfieldia racemosa (King) Warb.,

FMP3 60; Embelia ridleyi King & Gamble, FMP2 234; Horsfieldia

macrocoma (Migq.) Warb. var. canarioides (King) J. Sinclair, TFM1 327; tree

to 35 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Gymnancranthera bancana (Miq.) J. Sinclair, TFM1 319, $10 463;

Gymnacranthera murtonii (Hook.f.) Warb., FMP3 61; tree to 40 m tall;

lowland forest; ?Ph, Jh, Sp.

Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb. var. eugeniifolia

(A. DC.) R.T.A. Schouten, $10 480; Gymnacranthera farquhariana auct.

non (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 62 in part; Gymnacranthera

eugeniifolia (A. DC.) J. Sinclair var. eugeniifolia, TFM1 320 in part; tree to

30 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1300 m; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk,

Ph, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp.

S57

358

141.2.2b

141.2.2c

141.2.3

141.3.1

141.3.2

141.3.3

141.3.4

141.3.5

141.3.6

141.3.7

141.3.8

141.3.9

141.3.10

Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb. var.

farquhariana, $10 477; Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook.f. & Thomson)

Warb. var. griffithii (Hook.f.) Warb., FMP3 62; Gymnacranthera eugeniifolia

(A. DC.) J. Sinclair var. eugeniifolia, TFM1 320 in part; tree to 30 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 900 m; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Gymnacranthera farquhariana (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb. var. zippeliana

(Miq.) R. T.A. Schouten, $10 482; Gymnacranthera farquhariana auct. non

(Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 62 in part; Gymnacranthera eugeniifolia

(A. DC.) J. Sinclair var. griffithii (Hook.f.) J. Sinclair, TFM1 320;

?Gymnacranthera contracta auct. non Warb., TFM1 320; tree to 30 m tall;

swampy lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Gymnacranthera forbesii (King) Warb., FMP3 61, TFM1 320, $10 472; tree

to 35 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Horsfie!dia brachiata (King) Warb., FMP3 59, TFM1 325, D16 3; tree to 35

m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Ml, Jh.

Horsfieldia crassifolia (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 59, TFM1 324,

D15 219; tree to 25 m tall; swampy lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh,

Sp.

Horsfieldia elongata W.J. de Wilde, D17 465; tree about 8 m tall; lower

montain forest at 1300 m; only known form type, Fraser’s Hill, Ph; endemic.

Horsfieldia flocculosa (King) Warb., FMP3 55, TFM1 324, D15 207; tree to

28 m tall; lowland forest; Ph, NS, SI, Jh; endemic.

Horsfieldia fulva (King) Warb., FMP3 56, TFM1 326, D15 199; tree to 20 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk, SI, NS, MI.

Horsfieldia grandis (Hook.f.) Warb., FMP3 56, TFM1 323, D15 203; tree to

25 m tall; lowland forest; Ph, Jh, Sp.

Horsfieldia irya (Gaertn.) Warb., TFM1 326,D14 55; Horsfieldia lemanniana

(A. DC.) Warb., FMP3 59; tree to 25 m tall; damp lowland forest; Kd, Pn,

KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

Horsfieldia macilenta W.J. de Wilde, D16 13; tree to 17 m tall; lowland forest;

K], Sh.

Horsfieldia majuscula (King) Warb., FMP3 57, D16 48; tree to 25 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; K1, Pk, Ph.

Horsfieldia parviflora (Roxb.) J. Sinclair, D14 69; Horsfieldia globularia

(Blume) Warb., FMP3 54; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; established in

the Botanic Gardens’ Jungle, Sp; introduced from the Moluccas.

141.3.11

141.3.12a

141.3.12b

141.3.13

141.3.14

141.3.15

141.3.16

141.3.17

141.3.18

141.3.19

141.3.20

141.3.21

141.3.22

141.4.1

141.4.2

Horsfieldia penangiana J. Sinclair, TFM1 324, D16 52; tree to 25 m tall; hill

and lower montane forest; Pn, Ph, Sl.

Horsfieldia polyspherula (Hook./.) J. Sinclair var. polyspherula, TFM1 325,

D16 19; tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp.

Horsfieldia polyspherula (Hook.f.) J. Sinclair var. sumatrana (Mig.) W.J.

de Wilde, D16 20; Horsfieldia subglobosa auct. non (Miq.) Warb., FMP1

60; Horsfieldia brachiata (King) Warb. var. sumatrana (Miq.) J. Sinclair ex

Whitmore, nom. inval., TFM1 325: tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, K],

Pk, Ph, SI, NS, Jh, Sp.

Horsfieldia pulcherrima W.J. de Wilde, D15 206; tree to 27 m tall; swampy

lowland forest; Ph, Jh.

Horsfieldia punctata W.J. de Wilde, D16 37; tree to 25 m tall; lower montane

forest at about 1000 m; Ph; endemic.

Horsfieldia punctatifolia J. Sinclair, TFM1 327, D16 54; tree to 30 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Pk, Sl, NS, Ml, Sp.

Horsfieldia ridleyana (King) Warb., FMP3 60, TFM1 324, D16 7: tree to 25

m tall; lowland forest on poor soils; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI.

Horsfieldia sparsa W.J. de Wilde, D15 194; tree to 40 m tall; lowland forest;

K], Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

Horsfieldia subalpina J. Sinclair, TFM1 325, D16 40; tree to 30 m tall;

montane forest at 800-1500 m; Pk, Ph, SI.

Horsfieldia sucosa (King) Warb., TFM1 328, D15 188; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland forest; KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp.

Horsfieldia superba (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 55, TFM1 328,

D15 200; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; absent from three states only.

Horsfieldia tomentosa Warb., FMP3 56, TFM1 324, D15 210; tree to 20 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, MI, Jh, ?Sp.

Horsfieldia wallichii (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 57, TFM1 330,

D15 204; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh,

Sp.

Knema andamanica (Warb.) W.J. de Wilde ssp. nicobarica (Warb.) W.J. de

Wilde, D12 370; tree to 16 m tall; once from Pn.

Knema communis J. Sinclair, TFM1 334, D12 461; tree to 16 m tall; lowland

forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh, Sp; endemic.

359

360

141.43

141.4.4a

141.4.4b

141.4.5

141.4.6

141.4.7

141.4.8

141.4.9

141.4.10

141.4.11

141.4.12

141.4.13

141.4.14a

141.4.14b

Knema conferta (King) Warb., FMP3 70, TFM1 335, D12 472; tree to 20 m

tall; swampy lowland forest; Pk, Ph, MI, Jh, Sp.

Knema curtisii (King) Warb. var. curtisii, FMP3 69 in part, TFM1 334 in

part, D12 416; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS,

MI, Sh.

Knema curtisii (King) Warb. var. paludosa J. Sinclair, D12 420; Knema

curtisti (King) Warb., FMP3 69 in part, TFM1 334 in part; tree to 10 m tall;

freshwater swamp forest; Pk, Jh, Sp.

Knema furfuracea (Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 70, TFM1 335, D12

387; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph,

Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Knema glauca (Blume) Warb., D12 452; Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var.

sumatrana auct. non (Blume) J. Sinclair, TFM1 334 in part; tree to 25 m

tall; lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh.

Knema glaucescens Jack, D12 462; Knema geminata (Miq.) Warb., FMP3

72 in part; Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. sumatrana auct. non (Blume)

J. Sinclair, TFM1 334 in part; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest; K1, Jh, Sp.

Knema globularia (Lam.) Warb., TFM1 336, D12 411; Knema missionis

(Wall. ex King) Warb., FMP3 71; tree about 10 m tall; usually coastal; P.

Langkawi, Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Ph, MI, Jh, Sp.

Knema hookeriana (Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson) Warb., FMP3 67, TFM1

336, D12 387; tree to 25 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph,

NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Knema intermedia (Blume) Warb., FMP3 68, TFM1 334, D12 427; tree to

10 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp.

Knema kunstleri (King) Warb., FMP3 69, TFM1 338, D12 468; tree to 25 m

tall; lowland and hill forest on poor soils; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Sh.

Knema lamellaria W.J. de Wilde, D12 389; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest;

Tg, Ph; endemic.

Knema latericia Elmer ssp. ridleyi (Gand.) W.J. de Wilde, D12 396; Knema

latericia Elmer, TFM1 332; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Jh, Sp.

Knema laurina (Blume) Warb. var. heteropilis W.J. de Wilde, D12 381; small

tree; lowland forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, SI, NS.

Knema laurina (Blume) Warb. var. laurina, FMP3 72, TFM1 338, D12 379;

small tree; lowland forest; P. Langkawi, Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

141.4.15

141.4.16

141.4.17

141.4.18

141.4.19

141.4.20

141.4.21

141.4.22

141.4.23a

141.4.23b

141.4.24

141.4.25

141.4.26

141.4.27

Knema malayana Warb., FMP3 69, TFM1 338, D12 456; tree to 15 m tall;

lowland forest; Kd, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Knema mandaharan (Miq.) Warb., TFM1 333, D12 404: tree to 20 m tall:

swampy lowland forest; Pk, Tg, Jh.

Knema oblongifolia (King) Warb., FMP3 71, TFM1 333, D12 369; Knema

oblongifolia (King) Warb. var. monticola Warb., FMP3 71, TFM1 333; tree

to 13 m tall; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Knema patentinervia (J. Sinclair) WJ. de Wilde, D12 456; Knema cinerea

(Poir.) Warb. var. patentinervia (J. Sinclair) J. Sinclair, TFM1 334; tree to 16

m tall; lowland forest; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, MI, Jh.

Knema plumulosa J. Sinclair, TFM1 332, D12 426: Knema cantleyi auct.

non (Hook.f.) Warb., FMP3 68; tree to 16 m tall; swampy lowland forest;

Pn, Tg, Pk, Sl, Jh; endemic.

Knema pseudolaurina W.J. de Wilde, D12 377; tree; lowland forest; Kd,

Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph; SL NS, Jh.

Knema pulchra (Mig.) Warb., D12 399; Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var.

cordata J. Sinclair, TFM1 333; tree to 13 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Jh.

Knema retusa (King) Warb., FMP3 72, TFM1 332, D12 384; tree to 18 m

tall; Pk; endemic.

Knema rigidifolia J. Sinclair ssp. camerona W.J. de Wilde, TFM1 339 in part,

D12 398; tree to 10 m tall; lower montane forest at 1500-1800 m; Cameron

Highlands, Ph; endemic.

Knema rigidifolia J. Sinclair ssp. rigidifolia, TFM1 339 in part, D12 398:

tree to 10 m tall: lower montane forest; Ph, Sl; endemic.

Knema rubens (J. Sinclair) W.J. de Wilde, D12 450; Knema cinerea (Poir.)

Warb. var. rubens J. Sinclair, TFM1 334; tree to 16 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Ph, Jh, sp.

Knema scortechinii (King) J. Sinclair, TFM1 339, D12 431; Knema conferta

(King) Warb. var. scortechinii Warb., FMP3 70; tree to 20 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh.

Knema stenophylla (Warb.) J. Sinclair, TFM1 334, D12 457; tree to 10 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS, Ml, Jh.

Knema sumatrana (Blume) W.J. de Wilde, D12 454; Knema wrayi (King)

Warb., FMP3 70: Knema cinerea (Poir.) Warb. var. sumatrana (Blume) J.

Sinclair, TFM1 334 in part; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest; K1, Pk.

361

362

141.5.1

141.5.2

141.5.3

141.5.4

141.5.5

141.5.6

141.5.7

141.5.8

141.5.9

141.5.10

142.

142.1.1

142.2.1

142.2.2

142.3.]

142.3.2

Myristica cinnamomea King, FMP3 65, TFM1 342; tree to 25 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; throughout.

Myristica crassa King, FMP3 66, TFM1 341; Myristica suavis King, FMP3

65; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Ml, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Myristica elliptica Hook.f. & Thomson, FMP3 65, TFM1 342; tree to 30 m

tall; swampy lowland forest; throughout.

Myristica gigantea King, FMP3 64, TFM1 342; tree to 45 m tall; lowland

forest; common throughout.

Myristica guatteriifolia A. DC., TFM1 341; tree to 20 m tall; beach forest;

TeyPhe wh:

Myristica iners Blume, FMP3 64, TFM1 343; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest;

common throughout.

Myristica lowiana King, FMP3 66, TFM1 344; stilt-rooted tree to 25 m tall;

peat swamp forest; scattered.

Myristica maingayi Hook.f, FMP3 64, TFM1 344; stilt-rooted tree to 45 m

tall; lowland forest; common throuhgout.

Myristica malaccensis Hook./., FMP3 64, TFM1 344; tree; lowlands; Kd,

Pk, Ph, SI, MI.

Myristica maxima Warb., FMP3 63, TFM1 345; tree to 35 m tall; lowland

forest; commonest in the south.

MYRSINACEAE

Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco, TFM4 266; Aegiceras majus Gaertn.,

FMP2 256; small tree to 5 m tall; tidal mud, river estuaries; widespread,

frequent on west coast.

Antistrophe caudata King & Gamble, FMP2 255, TFM4 268; slender shrub;

hill forest; Pk, Sl, NS, Ml; endemic.

Antistrophe curtisii King & Gamble, FMP2 256, TFM4 268; slender shrub;

hill forest at 1200 m; Kd, Pk; endemic.

Ardisia bambusetorum King & Gamble, FMP2 255, TFM4 270, Y07 248;

shrub to 60 cm tall; bamboo forest; Pk.

Ardisia barnesii Ridl., FMP2 244, TFM4 274; shrub; montane forest; Tg,

Pk, Ph; endemic.

142.3.3

142.3.4

142.3.5

142.3.6

142.3.7

142.3.8

142.3.9a

142.3.9b

142.3.9c

142.3.9d

142.3.9e

142.3.10

1423.11

142.3.12

142.3.13

142.3.14

142.3.15

142.3.16

Ardisia biflora King & Gamble, FMP2 244, TFM4 274; shrub to 3 m tall:

limestone hills: Pk: endemic.

Ardisia biniflora Ridl.,. FMP2 241, TFM4 274: shrub to 4 m tall: montane

forest; Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Ardisia calophylla Furtado, TFM4 272: shrub; lowland forest: Pk; endemic.

Ardisia cameronensis Yuen P. Yang, Y07 258; shrub 50—60 cm tall: forest at

1200-1400 m; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl: endemic.

Ardisia cardiophylla B.C. Stone, $54 104, TFM4 272; ?shrub; Sg Tahan, Ph;

endemic.

Ardisia chrysophyllifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 250, TFM4 272: shrub or

small tree; montane forest; Tg, Pk; endemic.

Ardisia colorata Roxb. var. colorata, FMP2 246, TFM4 276: shrub or small

tree to 8 m tall; lowland and hill forest; throughout.

Ardisia colorata Roxb. var. complanata C.B. Clarke, FMP2 247, TFM4 276;

shrub or small tree to 8 m tall: lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Ardisia colorata Roxb. var. elliptica King & Gamble, FMP2 247, TFM4

276: shrub or small tree to 8 m tall: lowland and hill forest; Pk.

Ardisia colorata Roxb. var. polyneura C.B. Clarke, FMP2 247, TFM4 276:

shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Ardisia colorata Roxb. var. salicifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 247, TFM4

276; shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pk, MI.

Ardisia crassa C.B. Clarke, FMP2 249 in part, TFM4 274; small tree; lowland

forest; NS, MI, Sp.

Ardisia crenata Sims, FMP2 253, TFM4 270; shrub: open areas; throughout.

Ardisia denticulata Blume, L02 162; Tetrardisia corneri Furtado, TFM4 284;

Tetrardisia denticulata (Blume) Mez, $63 4; shrub to 60 cm tall; swamp

forest; Jh.

Ardisia elliptica Thunb., TFM4 274; Ardisia littoralis Andr., FMP2 241; shrub

to 3 m tall; tidal areas, sea shores; coasts from Ps to Sp.

Ardisia ferox Furtado, TFM4 272; shrub; Gg Pulai, Jh: endemic.

Ardisia foliosa Furtado, TFM4 270, Y07 251; Ardisia linearifolia (non Miq.)

Ridl., FMP2 255: shrub to 20 cm tall; Pk, Kl, Jh; endemic.

Ardisia fulva King & Gamble, FMP2 250, TFM4 271; shrub to 4 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, KI, Pk; endemic.

363

142.3.17

142.3.18

142.3.19

142.3.20

142.3.21

142.3.22

142.3.23

142.3.24

142.3.25

142.3.26

142.3.27

142.3.28

142.3.29

142.3.30

142.3.31

142.3.32

143.3.33

Ardisia furtadoi B.C. Stone, $54 109, TFM4 274: small tree to 13 m tall;

lowland forest; Jh; endemic.

Ardisia gambleana Furtado, TFM4 275; shrub; lowland forest; Ph; endemic.

Ardisia glanduligera Ridl., FMP2 243, TFM4 275; shrub; montane forest;

Cameron Highlands, Ph; endemic.

Ardisia goodenoughii Furtado, TFM4 269; shrub; lowland forest; K1, Tg,

Rkaibbys!:

Ardisia hullettii Mez, FMP2 244, TFM4 275: shrub; NS, Jh; endemic.

Ardisia junghuhniana Miq. var. multiflora B.C. Stone, $54 111, TFM4 275;

shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest including swamps; Ph, SI,

Jh; endemic variety.

Ardisia korthalsiana Scheff., TFM4 276; Ardisia teysmanniana auct. non

Scheff., FMP2 241 in part; shrub or small tree; lowland and hill forest to

1400 m; Tg, Ph, Ml, Jh.

Ardisia kunstleri King & Gamble, FMP2 243, TFM4 275; shrub to 6 m tall;

hill forest at 600 m; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia laevigata Blume, TFM4 270; shrub; montane forest; Cameron

Highlands, Ph.

Ardisia lanceolata Roxb., FMP2 249, TFM4 276: tree to 8 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd to Sp.

Ardisia lankawiensis King & Gamble, FMP2 251, TFM4 271; tree; often

on limestone; P. Langkawi; endemic.

Ardisia linearifolia Mig., TFM4 273; once from Jh.

Ardisia longepedunculata King & Gamble, FMP2 254, TFM4 271; shrub;

montane forest; Gg Batu Puteh, Pk; endemic.

Ardisia lurida Blume, FMP2 242, TFM4 277; tree reaching 6-7 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk and Ph to Jh.

Ardisia maingayi King & Gamble, FMP2 254, TFM4 270, Y07 255; Ardisia

odontophylla auct. non Wall. ex A. DC., FMP2 255, TFM4 270; creeping

shrub to 1 m tall; lowland and montane forest; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh.

Ardisia mawaiensis Furtado ex B.C. Stone, $54 113, TFM4 274; shrub;

lowland swamp forest; Jh; endemic.

Ardisia metallica N.E. Br., Y07 261; shrub to 40 cm tall; lowland forest;

once from Tg.

142.3.34

142.3.35

142.3.36

142.3.37a

142.3.37b

142.3.38

142.3.39

142.3.40

142.3.41

142.3.42a

142.3.42b

142.3.43

142.3.44

142.3.45

142.3.46

142.3.47

142.3.48

Ardisia meziana King & Gamble, FMP2 253, TFM4 271: shrub to 60 cm

tall; on limestone; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia minor King & Gamble, FMP2 252, TFM4 271; shrub to 50 cm tall;

once from Pk; endemic.

Ardisia miqueliana Scheff., TFM4 273; shrub: Jh, Sp.

Ardisia montana King & Gamble var. montana, FMP2 246, TFM4 273;

shrub to 2 m tall; montane forest 1000-2000 m; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Ardisia montana King & Gamble var. selangorensis B.C. Stone, TFM4 274;

shrub; montane forest at 1100-1500 m; Genting Highlands, Ph/S1; endemic.

Ardisia monticola Ridl., FMP2 241, TFM4 274: shrub: montane forest; Ph,

Sl; endemic.

Ardisia mystica B.C. Stone, $54 114, TFM4 272; small tree to 10 m tall;

montane forest; Genting Highlands, Ph/SI; endemic.

Ardisia nurii Furtado, TFM4 273: shrub; montane forest; Fraser’s Hill, Ph;

endemic.

Ardisia oblongifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 243, TFM4 275; shrub; hill

forest; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia ophirensis Mez var. labisiifolia (King & Gamble) B.C. Stone, TFM4

273; Ardisia labisiifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 246; shrub; montane forest;

Pk; endemic.

Ardisia ophirensis Mez var. ophirensis, FMP2 245, TFM4 273; shrub;

montane forest, often on rocks; Pk, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Ardisia oxyphylla Wall. ex A. DC., FMP2 242, TFM4 275; shrub or small

tree; lowland and hill forest; widespread and common.

Ardisia pachysandra (Wall. ex Roxb.) Mez, FMP2 240, TFM4 277; shrub

or tree to 12 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, SI, Jh.

Ardisia pallidiflora Ridl., FMP2 245, TFM4 273; shrub; riverbanks; Jh;

endemic.

Ardisia pendula Mez, FMP2 244, TFM4 274; shrub; open country in the

lowlands; Ps, Ph, MI.

Ardisia perakensis King & Gamble, FMP2 252, TFM4 271; small shrub;

lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia petricola Ridl., FMP2 247, TFM4 273; shrub; montane forest; Ph;

endemic.

365

366

142.3.49

142.3.50

142.3.51

142.3.53

142.3.54

1423.55

142.3.56

142.3.57

142.3.58

142.3.60

142.3.61

142.3.63

142.3.64

142.3.65

Ardisia platyclada King & Gamble, FMP2 247, TFM4 273; shrub to 5 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia porosa C.B. Clarke, FMP2 248, L02 162; Tetrardisia porosa (C.B.

Clarke) Furtado, TFM4 284, $63 7; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland and hill forest;

Pn, Pk, NS, MI.

Ardisia praetermissa Furtado, TFM4 270; shrub; lowland swamp forest; Sl,

MI; endemic.

Ardisia punctata Jack, TFM4 269; Ardisia divergens Roxb., FMP2 247; small

tree to 6 m tall; hill forest at 800 m; Pn; endemic.

Ardisia retinervia Ridl., FMP2 241, TFM4 272: shrub to 4 m tall; montane

forest; Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Ardisia ridleyi King & Gamble, FMP2 253, TFM4 271; shrub to 4 m tall;

forests, commoner in the hills; Kd to Sp.

Ardisia rosea King & Gamble, FMP2 253, TFM4 271; shrub to 2 m tall; hill

and montane forest above 800 m; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Ardisia scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 243, TFM4 277; tree to 16 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia sessilis Scheff., TFM4 273; Ardisia crassa auct. non C.B. Clarke,

FMP2 249 in part; shrub or small tree; lowland forest; Sp.

Ardisia singaporensis Ridl., FMP2 251, TFM4 270; small tree; coastal; Jh,

Sp; endemic.

Ardisia sinuata King & Gamble, FMP2 246, TFM4 274; shrub to 4 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia solanacea Roxb., FMP2 242, TFM4 275: shrub to 3 m tall; lowland

forest; Pk, Sl.

Ardisia solanoides King & Gamble, FMP2 250, TFM4 271; shrub to 2 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Pk; endemic.

Ardisia solida B.C. Stone, $54 113, TFM4 272; shrub to 5 m tall; lower

montane forest at 1000 m; Gg Besar, Jh; endemic.

Ardisia suffruticosa Ridl., FMP2 243, TFM4 275: shrub to 30 cm tall; lowland

and hill forest; Pk, Ph, Jh (once each); endemic.

Ardisia sumatrana Miq., FMP2 249, TFM4 274; shrub or small tree to 6 m

tall; Pk, SI.

Ardisia tahanica King & Gamble, FMP2 242, TFM4 275; shrub; lowland

river banks; KI, Ph, Jh; endemic.

OOS!

142.3.66

142.3.67

142.3.68

142.3.69

142.3.70

142.3.71

142.3.72a

142.3.72b

142.3.73

142.3.74

142.3.75

142.3.76

142.3.77

142.4.1

142.4.2a

142.4.2b

142.4.3

Ardisia tetrasepala King & Gamble, FMP2 244, L02 162: Tetrardisia

tetrasepala (King & Gamble) Furtado, TFM4 284, S60 9; shrub; hill forest;

Jh; endemic.

Ardisia teysmanniana Scheff., FMP2 240 in part, TFM4 272; shrub or small

tree to 6 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ml, Jh, Sp.

Ardisia theifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 254, TFM4 270, Y07 236; slender

shrub to 2 m tall; montane forest, mostly above 1400 m; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Ardisia tuberculata Wall. ex A. DC., FMP2 245, TFM4 273: shrub to 4 m

tall; lowland forest; Ml, Jh, Sp.

Ardisia tumida Furtado, TFM4 270; shrub; lowland forest by streams; Tg;

endemic.

Ardisia vaughanii Ridl., FMP2 248, TFM4 272; shrub; hill forest; Ps, Kd,

K], Pk, Ph; endemic.

Ardisia villosa Roxb. var. glabrata Kurz, FMP2 251, TFM4 271; shrub to |

m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph.

Ardisia villosa Roxb. var. villosa, FMP2 251, TFM4 271: shrub to 1 m tall:

lowland forest; throughout.

Ardisia viminea Rid]l., TFM4 270; shrub; hill and montane forest; Ulu

Gombak and Genting Highlands, Sl; endemic.

Ardisia virens Kurz, FMP2 252, TFM4 271; large shrub; hill forest; Pk.

Ardisia wrayi King & Gamble, FMP2 252, TFM4 271; shrub to 2 m tall:

lowland and hill forest to 1200 m; KI to Jh; endemic.

Ardisia sp. X, TFM4 273; montane forest at 1300 m; once from Gg Lawit,

Tg; ?endemic.

Ardisia sp. Z, TFM4 273; Ardisia andamanica auct. non Kurz, FMP2 245;

shrub to 4 m tall; hill and lower montane forest; KI], Pk, Sl, M1, Jh; ?endemic.

Embelia angulosa King & Gamble, FMP2 234, TFM4 279; liana; montane

forest generally above 1400 m; Pk, Ph, SI.

Embelia canescens Jack var. canescens, FMP2 232, TFM4 279: slender liana;

lowland and hill forest; Pn, Pk, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Embelia canescens Jack var. glabrescens Ridl., FMP2 232, TFM4 279;

slender liana; lowland and hill forest; Ml, Sp; endemic.

Embelia coriacea Wall. ex A.DC., FMP2 233, TFM4 279; large liana; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, ?Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

367

368

142.4.4

142.4.5

142.4.6

142.4.7

142.4.8

142.4.9

142.4.10

142.4.11

142.4.12

142.4.13

142.4.14

142.5.1

142.5.2

142.5.3

142.6.1

142.7.1

142.7.2

Embelia dasythyrsa Miq., FMP2 232, TFM4 279; liana; lowland forest; Pk,

Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Embelia furculosa B.C. Stone, $54 116, TFM4 280; slender liana; montane

forest; Gg Benom, Ph; endemic.

Embelia macrocarpa King & Gamble, FMP2 234, TFM4 279; liana; lowland

and hill forest; P. Langkawi, Pn.

Embelia myrtillus Kurz, FMP2 235, TFM4 280; climbing shrub; montane

forest; mountain tops; Kd to Jh.

Embelia parviflora Wall. ex A. DC., FMP2 236, TFM4 280; slender liana;

montane forest above 1000 m; K1, Pk, Ph.

Embelia penangiana (Oliv.) Mez, FMP2 233, TFM4 279; large liana; lowland

and hill forest; Pn, Pk; endemic.

Embelia ribes Burm., TFM4 279; Embelia garciniifolia Wall. ex Miq., FMP2

232; liana; lowland forest; throughout.

Embelia rotundifolia Ridl., FMP2 235, TFM4 280; climbing shrub; montane

forest at 1500 m; Gg Kerbau, Pk; endemic.

Embelia rugosa (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 233, TFM4 279; liana; hill

and montane forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Embelia scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 233, TFM4 279; liana; Pk;

endemic.

Embelia subcordata Ridl., FMP2 236, TFM4 280; slender liana; lower

montane forest; Semangkok Pass, Sl; endemic.

Grenacheria amentacea (C.B. Clarke) Mez:; Embelia amentacea C.B. Clarke,

FMP2 234, TFM4 278; slender liana; lowland forest; widespread.

Grenacheria fulva (Mez) Airy Shaw, A01 514; Embelia fulva Mez, TFM4

279; climber; lowland forest; Jh, Sp.

Grenacheria lampani (Scheff.) Mez; Embelia lampani Scheff., FMP2 234,

TFM4 279; slender liana; lowland forest; Pn to Sp.

Hymenandra iteophylla (Ridl.) Furtado, TFM4 281; Ardisia iteophylla Rid1.,

FMP5 318; shrub; hill forest at 500 m; Gg Besidong, Jh; endemic.

Labisia acuta Ridl., FMP2 237, S62 47, TFM4 282: subshrub to 30 cm tall:

lowland forest; Jh; endemic.

Labisia longistyla King & Gamble, FMP2 237, S62 45, TFM4 281; shrub to

60 cm tall; montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

142.7.3

142.7.4a

142.7.4b

142.7.4c

142.8.1

142.8.2

142.8.3

142.8.4

142.8.5

142.8.6

142.8.7

142.8.8

142.8.9

142.9.1

Labisia paucifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 237, $62 47, TFM4 282: subshrub

to 40 cm tall; montane forest above 1000 m; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill. var. alata Scheff., $62 50; Labisia

pothoina Lindl. var. alata (Scheff.) Ridl., FM/P2 237; herbaceous undershrub;

lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill. var. lanceolata (Scheff.) Mez, $62 47,

TFM4 282; Labisia pothoina Lindl. var. lanceolata (Scheff.) Ridl., FMP2

237; herbaceous undershrub; lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Labisia pumila (Blume) Fern.-Vill. var. pumila, $62 47, TFM4 281; Labisia

pothoina Lindl., FMP2 237; herbaceous undershrub; lowland and hill forest;

Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Maesa arborea Ridl., FMP2 228, TFM4 283: small tree; lowland forest; K];

?endemic.

Maesa impressinervis King & Gamble, FMP2 228, TFM4 282; shrub to 7m

tall; mountain summits above 1500 m; Gg Bubu, Pk, Gg Brinchang, Ph;

endemic.

Maesa indica Wall., FMP2 229, TFM4 282: shrub; lowland and hill forest;

Ps & Kd to MI.

Maesa lancifolia Ridl., FMP2 228, TFM4 283: shrub; lowlands; K]; ?endemic.

Maesa macrophylla Wall. ex Roxb., TFM4 283; shrub; montane forest; Gg

Brinchang, Ph.

Maesa macrothyrsa Mig., FMP2 227, TFM4 283; slender liana; lowland

forest; Ph to Jh.

Maesa oocarpa Rid!., FMP2 229, TFM4 283; large shrub; lowland forest;

KI; ?endemic.

Maesa ramentacea Wall. ex Roxb., FMP2 227, TFM4 283; shrub or small

tree to 15 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1200 m; throughout.

Maesa striata Mez, FMP2 228, TFM4 283; Maesa pahangiana King &

Gamble, FMP2 229: shrub: lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph.

Stone [TFM4] considers M. arborea, M. lanceifolia and M. oocarpa nearly

impossible to separate from M. ramentacea and each other.

Rapanea perakensis (King & Gamble) B.C. Stone, TFM4 283; Myrsine

perakensis King & Gamble, FMP2 230; Myrsine wrayi King & Gamble,

FMP2 230; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; hill and montane forest at 700—

2100 m; KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

369

370

142.9.2

143.2.1

143.4.1a

143.4.1b

143.4.2

143.5.1

143.6.1

Rapanea porteriana Wall. ex A. DC., TFM4 284; Myrsine avenis (Blume)

DC., FMP2 230; Myrsine porteriana Wall. ex A. DC., FMP2 230; Myrsine

umbellulata (Wall.) DC., FMP2 231; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; coasts,

lowlands, hills and mountains to 1700 m; throughout.

MYRTACEAE

Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry; M33 361; Eugenia

acuminatissima (non Mig.) Kurz, FMP1 747; Eugenia cumingiana Vidal,

H36 260, TFM3 188; tree to 21 m tall; lowland to montane forest;

widespread.

Baeckea frutescens L., FMP1 712, TFM3 170; shrub or small tree to 6 m

tall; mountain tops, quartzite ridges and sandy lowland heaths; widespread.

Cleistocalyx nervosum (DC.) Kosterm., K06; Cleistocalyx operculata

(Roxb.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M33 363; Syzygium operculatum (Roxb.)

Niedenzu, H59 108; Eugenia operculata Roxb., FMP1 754, H36 264, TFM3

205; Syzygium nervosum DC., P03 299; tree to 39 m tall; lowland forest,

often near streams; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh.

Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) A.J. Scott var. caudatum A.J. Scott, $15

410; shrub; on limestone; Bt Takun, SI; endemic variety.

Decaspermum parviflorum (Lam.) A.J. Scott var. parviflorum, $15 409;

Decaspermum paniculatum Kurz, FMP1 717; Decaspermum fruticosum

auct. non J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., TFM3 171; shrub or small tree to 15 m tall;

secondary forest and primary forest margins; widespread.

Parnell and Nic Lughadha [P07 704] refer the Malayan material of

Decaspermum parviflorum to their subspecies quadripartitum.

Decaspermum montanum Ridl., FMP1 718, TFM3 172, $15 406; shrub;

montane forest above 900 m; Gg Jerai, Kd; Gg Ulu Kali, Ph; Gg Ledang,

Jh; ?endemic.

Leptospermum amboinense Blume, B15 653; Leptospermum flavescens Sm.

var. angustifolium Ridl., FMP1 713; Leptospermum flavescens Sm., TFM3

248 in part; Leptospermum javanicum Blume, T11 in part; shrub or small

tree; montane forest; Kd, Ml, Jh.

Leptospermum javanicum Blume, T11 390 in part, B15 652; Leptospermum

flavescens Sm., FMP1 713 incl. var. javanicum King, TFM3 248 in part;

shrub or small tree; montane forest at high altitudes; Ph, SI.

Melaleuca cajuputi Powell, TFM3 248; Melaleuca leucadendron L. sensu

lato, FMP1 713; shrub or tree to 24 m tall; swampy ground near the sea;

widespread.

143.7.1

143.7.2

143.7.3

143.8.1

143.9.1

143.9.2

143.10.1

143.10.2

143.10.3

143.10.4a

143.10.4b

Rhodamnia cinerea Jack, FMP1 716 incl. var. caudata Ridl., TFM3 250,

$14 435; tree to 15 m tall; lowland (secondary) forest, often near the sea:

common throughout.

Rhodamnia dumetorum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, $14 437; shrub or small

tree to 8 m tall; P. Langkawi.

Rhodamnia uniflora (Rid!.) Burkill, $14 440; Rhodamnia cinerea Jack var.

uniflora Ridl., FMP1 716; shrub to 9 m tall; montane forest at 600-1700 m;

Kd, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh.

Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hassk., FMP1 717,813 313; shrub to 3 m

tall; open sandy ground; common throughout, particularly on the East

Coast.

Stereocaryum symingtonianum (M.R. Hend.) A.J. Scott, $16 496; Eugenia

symingtoniana M.R. Hend.. H36 267, TFM3 218; tree to 13 m tall; hill and

montane forest; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Stereocaryum watsonianum (M.R. Hend.) A.J. Scott, $16 496; Eugenia

watsoniana M.R. Hend., H36 268, TFM3 222: tree to 10 m tall; lowland

forest; Sl; endemic.

Syzygium alyxiifolium (Ridl.) I.M.Turner, T22 15; Eugenia alyxiifolia Ridl.,

FMP5 309, H36 215, TFM3 182: shrub; montane forest; once from Fraser’s

Hill, Ph: endemic.

Syzygium anacardiifolium (Craib) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 592,

T22 15, C04 34; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; once from Ulu Trengganu,

Tg.

Syzygium anisosepalum (Duthie) I.M. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia anisosepala

Duthie, FMP1 736, H36 114, TFM3 183: tree to 20 m tall: lowland and hill

forest; Kd, Ph, Sl, NS, M1; endemic.

Syzygium attenuatum (Mig.) Merr. & L.M. Perry ssp. attenuatum var.

attenuatum, M34 185, M33 376, T22 15; Eugenia attenuata (Miq.) Koord.

& Valeton, H36 238, TFM3 183; Eugenia penangiana Duthie, FMP1 740, in

part; tree to 6 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest; Kd, Pn, Ph, Sl, MI,

Jh, Sp.

Syzygium attenuatum (Mig.) Merr. & L.M. Perry ssp. attenuatum var.

montanum (M.R. Hend.) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 593, C04 40,

T22 15; Eugenia attenuata (Mig.) Koord. & Valeton var. montana M.R.

Hend., H36 242, TFM3 183; small tree; montane forest, rocky ridges; Ph,

Sl.

SVAll

372

143.10.4c

143.10.4d

143.10.5

143.10.6

143.10.7a

143.10.7b

143.10.8

143.10.9

143.10.10

143.10.11

143.10.12

Syzygium attenuatum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry ssp. attenuatum var.

ophirense (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia attenuata (Miq.)

Koord. & Valeton var. ophirensis M.R. Hend., H36 241, TFM3 183; small

tree; montane forest; only known from Gg Ledang (Mt Ophir), Jh; endemic

variety.

Syzygium attenuatum (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry ssp. cirsumscissum

(Gagnep.) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 593, C04 41; Eugenia

rhamphiphylla Craib, H36 242, TFM3 214; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pn.

Syzygium ayene Miq., 122 15; Eugenia avenis (Miq.) M.R. Hend., H36 171,

TFMS3 184; Eugenia scoparia Duthie, FMP1 748; tree; lowland forest; Ml,

Jh, Sp.

Syzygium borneense (Miq.) Mig., C04 45, T22 15; Eugenia microcalyx

Duthie , FMP1 745 incl. var. obovata King in part, H36 205, TFM3 202;

Eugenia microcalyx Duthie var. irregularis (Craib) M.R. Hend., H36 207,

TEMS 202; tree to 16 m tall; lowland forest; Pn to Sp to west of Main Range.

Syzygium burkillianum (King) I.M. Turner var. burkillianum, T22 15;

Eugenia burkilliana King, FMP1 735, H36 116, TFM3 184; tree to 18 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Syzygium burkillianum (King) I.M. Turner var. garcinifolioides (M.R.

Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia burkilliana King var. garcinifolioides

M.R. Hend., H36 118, TFM3 184; tree; Ph, Sl; lowland forest; endemic.

Syzygium cameronum [.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia goniocalyx Ridl., FMP5

309, H36 165, TFM3 193; tree to 18 m tall; montane forest at 1500 m;

Cameron Highlands and Fraser’s Hill, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium campanulatum Korth., C04 47, T22 15; Eugenia myrtifolia (non

Salisb.) Roxb., FMP1 750; Eugenia oleina Wight nom. nud.,H36 150, TFM3

205; small tree; coasts; Pn, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium camptophyllum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

camptophylla M.R. Hend., H36 140, TFM3 184; tree to 15 m tall; lowland

forest; once from near Gopeng, Pk; endemic.

Syzygium castaneum (Merr.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 156,122 15; Eugenia

castanea Merr., H36 156, TFM3 185; small tree; swampy lowland forest;

Pk, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium cerasiforme (Blume) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 187, C04 49, T22

15; Eugenia cerasiformis (Blume) DC., H36 196, TFM3 185; Eugenia

expansa (non Mart.) Duthie, FMP1 745; Eugenia robinsoniana Ridl., FMP1

734; Eugenia evansii Ridl., FMP1 747; small tree to 6 m tall; lowland forest;

P. Langkawi to MI.

143.10.13a

143.10.13b

143.10.13c

143.10.14

143.10.15

143.10.16

143.10.17a

143.10.17b

143.10.17c

143.10.17d

Syzygium cerinum (M.R. Hend.) I-M. Turner var. cerinum, T22 15; Eugenia

cerina M.R. Hend., H36 168, TFM3 185; Eugenia punctulata (non FM.

Bailey) King, FMP1 747; tree to 27 m tall; swampy lowland forest; Pn to

Sp.

Syzygium cerinum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner var. montanum (M.R. Hend.)

I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia cerina M.R. Hend. var. montana M.R. Hend.,

H36 171, TFM3 186; tree; montane forest: Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh.

Syzygium cerinum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner var. turbinatum (M.R. Hend.)

I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia cerina M.R. Hend. var. turbinata M.R. Hend.:

H36 170, TFM3 186; tree; lowland forest; Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium chloranthum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 173; Eugenia

chlorantha Duthie, FMP1 734, H36 107, TFM3 186; tree to 24 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd to Sp.

Syzygium chloroleucum (King) Masam.; Eugenia chloroleuca King, FMP1

744, H36 189, TFM3 186; shrub or small tree: lowland and hill forest: Pk,

Ph, Sl, Jh.

Syzygium cinereum (Kurz) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 596, C04 51;

Eugenia cinerea Kurz, FMP1 744; Eugenia pseudosubtilis King, FMP1 746

incl. var. subacuminata King, H36 202 incl. var. montana M.R. Hend., TFM3

212; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest, sometimes in the mountains;

widespread.

Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.-M. Cowan & Cowan var.

claviflorum, M33 382, C04 53,122 15; Eugenia claviflora Roxb., FMP1 742,

H36 252, TFM3 186; Eugenia leptantha (non Benth.) Wight, FMP1 741:

Eugenia claviflora Roxb. var. leptalea (Craib) M.R. Hend., H36 255, TFM3

187; Acmenosperma claviflorum (Roxb.) Kausel var. claviflorum, H59 24:

medium-sized tree; lowland and hill forest; Ps, P. Langkawi, Tg, Kd, Pn,

Pk, Ph, Sp.

Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.-M. Cowan & Cowan var.

excavatum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia claviflora Roxb. var.

excavata King, H36 257, TFM3 187; medium-sized tree; lowland and hill

forest; Pn, Pk; endemic variety.

Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan var.

glandulosum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C02 590, T22 15; tree.

Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan var. maingayi

(Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 590, 122 15; Eugenia claviflora

Roxb. var. maingayi (Duthie) King, H36 257, TFM3 187; shrub or small

tree; lowland and hill forest; Pn, Kl, Ph, NS, Jh; endemic variety.

373

143.10.17e

143.10.17f

143.10.18

143.10.19a

143.10.19b

143.10.20

143.10.21a

143.10.21b

143.10.21c

143.10.22

143.10.23

143.10.24

Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan var.

montanum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia claviflora var.

montana M.R. Hend., H36 260, TFM3 187; tree; hill and montane forest;

Kd, Tg, Ph, Sl, Jh; endemic variety.

Syzygium claviflorum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan var. riparium

(M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia claviflora var. riparia M.R.

Hend., H36 257, TFM3 187; tree; river banks; Sg Tahan, Ph; endemic variety.

Syzygium clypeolatum (Ridl.) 1.M. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia clypeolata Ridl.,

FMP1 754, H36 227, TFM3 197; shrub; once from Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium conglomeratum (Duthie) I.M. Turner var. conglomerata, T22 15;

Eugenia conglomerata Duthie, FMP1 742, H36 198, TFM3 188; tree to 27

m tall; ?lowland forest; S1, MI, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Syzygium conglomeratum (Duthie) I.M. Turner var. paniculatum (M.R.

Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia conglomerata Duthie var. paniculata

M.R. Hend., H36 201, TFM3 188; tree; lowland forest; once from Sg Kayu

Ara, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium cordifoliatum (Ridl.) I1.M. Turner, 722 15; Eugenia cordifoliata

Ridl., FMP1 736, H36 95, TFM3 188 ‘cordifoliolata’; tree; once from Pk;

endemic.

Syzygium curtisii (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry var. curtisii,T22 15,M34 182;

Eugenia curtisii King, FMP1 749, H36 174, TFM3 188; tree to 25 m tall;

lowland forest; KI, Pk, Jh.

Syzygium curtisii (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry var. holttumii (Ridl.) I.M.

Turner, T22 15; Eugenia holttumii Ridl., FMPS5 309; Eugenia curtisii King

var. holttumii (Ridl.) M.R. Hend., H36 176, TFM3 189; montane forest;

Ph; endemic variety.

Syzygium curtisii (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry var. minus (King) I.M. Turner,

T22 15; Eugenia curtisii King var. minor King, FMP1 749, H36 175, TFM3

189; lowland forest; Pk, Ph, MI; endemic variety.

Syzygium cyrtophylloides (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

cyrtophylloides Ridl., FMP1 749, H36 167, TEM3 189; tree; montane forest;

once from Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium diospyrifolium (Wall. ex Duthie) S.N. Mitra, C04 57, T22 15;

Eugenia diospyrifolia Wall. ex Duthie, H36 67, TFM3 190; small tree;

lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Ph.

Syzygium duthieanum (King) Masam., C04 58,7122 15; Eugenia duthieana

King, FMP1 731, H36 118, TFM3 190; tree to 36 m tall; lowland and hill

forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh, Sp; endemic.

143.10.25

143.10.26

143.10.27a

143.10.27b

143.10.27c

143.10.28

143.10.29

143.10.30

143.10.31

143.10.32

Syzygium dyerianum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn.. C03 596. C04

59,122 15; Eugenia dyeriana King, FMP1 732 incl. var. oblonga King. H36

126, TFM3 190; Eugenia corrugata King. FMP1 732: Eugenia atronervia

M_R. Hend_, H34 91: tree to 24 m tall: lowland to lower montane forest at

1300 m; common throughout.

Syzygium fastigiatum (Blume) Merr. & L_M. Perry, M34 152.M33 389. C04

60, 122 15; Eugenia fastigiata (Blume) Koord. & Valeton. H36 190. TFM3

191: Eugenia bracteolata Wight, FMP1 747: tree to 25 m tall: lowland and

hill forest; widespread.

Syzygium filiforme (Wall. ex Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var.

clavimyrtus (Koord. & Valeton) LM. Turmer. T22 15: Eugenia filiformis Wall.

ex Duthie var. clavimyrtus (Koord. & Valeton) M.R. Hend.. H36 147. TFM3

191; tree: lowland and hill forest; Pn to Sp.

Syzygium filiforme (Wall. ex Duthic) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var.

constrictum (Kochummen) I_M. Turner, T22 15: Eugenia filiformis Wall. ex

Duthie var. constricta Kochummen, TFM3 191: tree: hill forest: once from

Ulu Gombak FE-R.. Sk endemic variety.

Syzygium filiforme (Wall. ex Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var.

filiforme. C03 598, C04 61: Eugenia filiformis Wall. ex Duthie, FMP1 740.

H36 145, TFM3 191: tree to 42 m tall: lowland forest: Pk to Sp.

Syzygium flosculiferum (M.R. Hend.) Sreek..T22 15: Eugenia flosculifera

M_R. Hend_., H36 237. TFM3 191: tree to 45 m tall: lowland and hill forest:

Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium foxworthianum (Ridl.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M32 168. C04 65.

T22 15, Eugenia densiflora (Blume) Mia. var. angustifolia Ridl.. FMP1 729.

H36 79. TFM3 189; Eugenia foxworthyi (non Elmer) Ridl.. FMP1 728:

Eugenia foxworthiana Ridl., FMP5 308; small bushy tree: riverbanks: KI.

Tg, Pk, Ph.

Syzygium fusticuliferum (Ridl.) Merr. & L.M. Perry. M34 184. T22 15:

Eugenia fusticulifera Rid|., H36 246, TFM3 192: tree to 15 m tall: lowland

forest; once from near Rompin, Ph.

Syzygium gageanum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15: Eugenia gageana King.

FMP1 729. H36 133. TFM3 192: tree to 15 m tall: lowland forest; once from

near Larut, Pk: endemic.

Syzygium garcinifolium (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry. M34 167, T22 15:

Eugenia garcinifolia King, FMP1 730, H36 83, TFM3 192: tree to 39 m tall:

lowland and hill forest; KI, Tg, Pk. Sl, NS, Jh.

(oS)

nn

376

143.10.33

143.10.34

143.10.35

143.10.36

143.10.37

143.10.38

143.10.39

143.10.40

143.10.41

143.10.42

143.10.43

143.10.44

Syzygium glaucum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 598, C04 66,

T22 15; Eugenia glauca King, FMP1 737, H36 112, TFM3 193; Eugenia

pseudoglauca (King) Ridl., FMP1 737; Eugenia glauca King var.

pseudoglauca King, H36 113, TFM3 193; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium goodenovii (King) Masam., T22 15; Eugenia goodenovii King,

FMP1 731 in part, H36 172, TFM3 193; tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest;

Pk, NS, MI; endemic.

Syzygium gracile (Korth.) Amsh., M33 392,122 15; Eugenia virens (Blume)

Koord. & Valeton, H36 249, TFM3 222; Eugenia fusiformis Duthie, FMP1

727; Syzygium fusiforme (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 176; tree to 30

m tall; lowland forest; Pk, MI, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium graeme-andersoniae (RidI.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia graeme-

andersoniae Ridl., FMP1 743, H36 111, TFM3 193: tree to 6 m tall: lowland

river banks; KI, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium grande (Wight) Walp., T22 15, M34 176, C04 68; Eugenia grandis

Wight, FMP1 729, H36 87, TFM3 195; tree to 30 m tall; sandy and rocky

coasts, also widely planted; throughout.

Syzygium gratum (Wight) S.N. Mitra, C04 70,122 15; Eugenia grata Wight,

FMP1 739, H36 233; Eugenia spicata auct. non Lam., TFM3 217 in part;

tree to 20 m tall; mostly on rocky and sandy shore; widespread.

Syzygium griffithii (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 174,722 15; Eugenia

griffithii Duthie, FMP1 731, H36 120, TFM3 195; tree to 36 m tall; lowland

and hill forests; Kd to Sp.

Syzygium haniffii (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia haniffti M.R.

Hend., H36 139, TFM3 195: tree to 18 m tall; hill forest; Pn, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium helferi (Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 599, C04 73,

T22 15; Eugenia helferi Duthie, FMP1 735, H36 109, TFM3 196; tree to 18

m tall; rocky forest, often near the sea; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn.

Syzygium hemsleyanum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 599, T22

15; Eugenia hemsleyana King, FMP1 732, H36 129, TFM3 196; tree to 10m

tall; lowland forest; Pk, Ph.

Syzygium hendersonii Merr., M33 369, T22 15; Eugenia auriculata Ridl.,

FMP 1 726, H36 54, TFM3 183; tree; lowland forest; once from near Lumut,

Pk; endemic.

Syzygium hoseanum (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 150,122 15; Eugenia

hoseana King, FMP1 733, H36 103, TFM3 196; tree to 15 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Pk, Jh.

143.10.45

143.10.46

143.10.47a

143.10.47b

143.10.48

143.10.49

143.10.50a

143.10.50b

143.10.51

143.10.52

143.10.53

143.10.54

Syzygium hulletianum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 601, C04

75, 122 15; Eugenia hulletiana King, FMP1 735; tree; lowland forest; Pk.

Syzygium inasense (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia inasensis King,

FMP1 751, H36 100, TFM3 196; small tree; montane forest at 1700 m; thrice

from Gg Inas, Pk; endemic.

Syzygium inophyllum DC. var. bernardii (King) I.M. Turner,T22 15; Eugenia

bernardii King, H36 142; Eugenia inophylla (DC.) Roxb. var. bernardii

(King) Ridl., FMP1 750, TFM3 197; tree; lowland to montane forest; Pn,

Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic variety.

Syzygium inophyllum DC. var. inophyllum, M34 188; Eugenia inophylla

(DC.) Roxb., FMP1 750, H36 141, TFM3 197; tree to 24 m tall; lowland to

montane forest; throughout.

Syzygium jasminifolium (Ridl.) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 602, C04

78, 122 15; Eugenia jasminifolia Ridl., FMP1 740, H36 223, TFM3 197; small

bushy tree; montane forest; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS, MI, Jh.

Syzygium kemamanense (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

kemamanensis M.R. Hend., H36 93, TFM3 198 ‘kemamensis’; tree to 18 m

tall; lowland forest; Kl, Tg, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium kiahii (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner var. angustifolium (M.R. Hend.)

I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia kiahii M.R. Hend. var. angustifolia M.R.

Hend., H36 116, TFM3 198; tree; lowland swamp forest; Jh: endemic.

Syzygium kiahii (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner var. kiahii, T22 15; Eugenia kiahii

M.R. Hend., H36 115, TFM3 198; tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest including

swamps; Tg, Ph, SI, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium klossii (Ridl.) Masam., T22 15; Eugenia klossii Ridl.. FMP1 744,

H36 179, TFM3 198; tree; forest; known only from type, Rantau Panjang,

Sl; endemic.

Syzygium koordersianum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia koordersiana

King, FMP1 732, H36 212, TFM3 198; tree to 39 m tall; lowland forest;

widespread; endemic.

Syzygium kunstleri (King) Bahadur & R.C. Gaur, T22 15; Eugenia kunstleri

King, FMP1 746, H36 209, TFM3 199; tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill

forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Tg, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium leptostemon (Korth.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 156, C04 82, T22

15; Eugenia urceolata [non (Korth.) Cordem.] King, FMP1 742; Eugenia

leptostemon (Korth.) Migq., H36 201, TFM3 199; tree to 21 m tall; lowland

to montane forest; Kd to Sp.

aTy

378

143.10.55

143.10.56

143.10.57

143.10.58

143.10.59

143.10.60

143.10.61

143.10.62

143.10.63

143.10.64

143.10.65

143.10.66

Syzygium leucoxylum Korth., M34 193, M33 398, T22 15; Eugenia

leucoxylon (Korth.) Mig., H36 235, TFM3 199; Eugenia verecunda Duthie,

FMP1 748 incl. var. major Ridl.; tree to 15 m tall; sea coasts and tidal rivers;

Pojdioy Pk Phe he Sp:

Syzygium lineatum (DC.) Merr. & L.M. Perry, C04 83, T22 15; Eugenia

longiflora (C. Presl) Fern.-Vill., H36 159, TFM3 201; Eugenia lineata [non

DC.] (Blume) Duthie, FMP1 738; tree to 22 m tall; secondary forests and

open country in the lowlands; common throughout.

Syzygium linoceroides (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia linoceroidea

King, FMP1 749, H36 163, TFM3 201; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest; Pk,

SI, Sp; endemic.

Syzygium maingayi P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 605, C04 84, T22 15;

Eugenia oblongifolia Duthie, FMP1 744 incl. var. parviflora King, H36 184,

TEMS 204; tree to 40 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS, MI,

Sp.

Syzygium malayanum (Gagnep.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia malayana

Gagnep., H36 50, TFM3 201; tree to 9 m tall; lowland forest; K1,Tg; endemic.

Syzygium millsii (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia millsii M.R.

Hend., H36 92, TFM3 202; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Ph, Sl;

endemic.

Syzygium muelleri (Miq.) Miq., M36 186, C04 88, T22 15; Eugenia muelleri

Mig., H36 186, TFM3 202; Eugenia venulosa Duthie, FMP1 746; tree to 22

m tall; lowlands, often near streams; Pk to Sp.

Syzygium myrianthum (King) I.M. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia myriantha King,

FMP1 745, H36 209, TFM3 202; tall tree; once from Pk; endemic.

Syzygium napiforme (Koord. & Valeton) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 183,

T22 15; Eugenia napiformis Koord. & Valeton, H36 247, TFM3 203; tree to

36 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh.

Syzygium nemestrinum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

nemestrina M.R. Hend., H36 192, TFM3 203; tree to 39 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; Tg, Ph, Sp; endemic.

Syzygium ngadimanianum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

ngadimaniana M.R. Hend., H36 108, TFM3 203; tree to 27 m tall; lowland

forest; K1, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Syzygium nigricans (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 194, 122 15; Eugenia

nigricans King, FMP1 751, H36 194, TFM3 203; tree to 39 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

143.10.67

143.10.68a

143.10.68b

143.10.69

143.10.70

143.10.71

143.10.72a

143.10.72b

143.10.73

143.10.74

143.10.75

Syzygium nitidulum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia nitidula Ridl.,

FMPS 308, H36 226, TFM3 204: shrub or small tree to 15 m tall: montane

forest; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium oblatum (Duthie) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan var. laevicaule

(Duthie) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C04 91,122 15; Eugenia oblata auct.

non Roxb., FMP1 749 in part; Eugenia laevicaulis Duthie, H36 138, TFM3

199; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, K1, M1, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium oblatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex A.M. Cowan & Cowan var. oblatum,

M34 187, 122 15; Eugenia oblata Roxb., FMP1 749, H36 136, TFM3 204;

Eugenia limnaea Ridl., FMP1 729; Eugenia laxiuscula Ridl., FMP1 750;

Eugenia brantiana M.R. Hend., H36 145; shrub or tree to 24 m tall; lowland

forest, mostly near the sea; KI] to Jh.

Syzygium oreophilum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia oreophila Ridl.,

FMP1 753, H36 61, TFM3 205; Eugenia jugalis Ridl., FMP1 727; shrub to 8

m tall; ridges above 1300 m; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium orites (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia orites Ridl., FMP5

308, H36 214, TFM3 205; shrub or small tree; montane forest; Gg Tapis,

Ph; Gg Belumut, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium pachyphyllum (Kurz) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 168, C04 92,T22

15; Eugenia pachyphylla Kurz, FMP1 733, H36 90, TFM3 206; tree to 13 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd and KI to Sp.

Syzygium pahangense (Ridl.) I.M. Turner var. fraseri (M.R. Hend.) I.M.

Turner, T22 15; Eugenia pahangense Ridl. var. fraseri M.R. Hend., H36

102, TFM3 206; small tree; montane forest; once from Fraser’s Hill, Ph;

endemic.

Syzygium pahangense (Ridl.) I.M. Turner var. pahangense, T22 15; Eugena

pahangensis Ridl. var. pahangensis, FMP1 751, H36 101, TFM3 206; small

tree; montane forest; Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium palembanicum Migq., 122 15; Eugenia palembanica (Miq.) Merr.,

H36 85, TFM3 206; Eugenia lepidocarpa Kurz, FMP1 730; Eugenia

selangorensis Ridl., FMP1 730, H36 84: tree to 24 m tall; lowland to montane

forest; Tg to Sp.

Syzygium pallidulum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia pallidula Ridl.,

FMP1 748, H36 192, TFM3 207: tree to 21 m tall: lowland forest; Pk, Ph;

endemic.

Syzygium papillosum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 157, C04 93, T22

15; Eugenia papillosa Duthie, FMP1 730, H36 77, TFM3 207; stilt-rooted

tree to 21 m tall; swampy lowland forest; Pk and Tg to Sp.

379

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143.10.86

Syzygium pauper (RidI.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia pauper Ridl., FMP1

745, H36 178, TFM3 207; small tree to 7 m tall; lowland and hill forest; NS,

Jh, Sp; endemic.

Syzygium pearsonianum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia pearsoniana

King, H36 134, TFM3 207; Eugenia prainiana King var. pearsoniana (King)

Ridl., FMP1 751; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium pendens (Duthie) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia pendens Duthie,

FMP1 726, H36 71, TFM3 209; small tree; lowland forest; KI and Pk to Sp;

endemic.

Syzygium perakense (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia perakensis King,

FMP 1 726, H36 51, TFM3 209; stilt-rooted tree to 15 m tall; swampy lowland

forest, river banks; Pk, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium pergamentaceum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 607,

C04 94,722 15; Eugenia pergamentacea King, FMP1 732, H36 130, TFM3

209; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Pk.

Syzygium perryae I.M. Turner; Eugenia benjamina King, FMP1 734, H34

152, TFM3 184: shrub or small tree; hill and montane forest; Pk; endemic.

Syzygium plumbeum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia plumbea King,

FMP1 727, H36 63, TFM3 209: tree; montane forest at 1200 m; once from

Gg Batu Puteh, Pk; endemic.

Syzygium politum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia polita King, FMP1

739, H36 221, TFM3 210; shrub or small tree sometimes to 25 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. var. polyanthum, M34 155, M33 409,

C04 95,722 15; Eugenia polyantha Wight, FMP1 742, H36 211, TFM3 210;

Eugenia balsamea auct. non Wight, FMP1 754; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

forest; P. Langkawi & KI to Sp.

Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. var. sessile (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner,

T22 15; Eugenia polyantha Wight var. sessilis M.R. Hend., H36 212, TFM3

210; tree; lowland swamp forest; once from Sg Kayu, Jh; endemic variety.

Syzygium praestigiosum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

praestigiosa M.R. Hend., H36 158, TFM3 210; tree; once from Pk; endemic.

Syzygium prainianum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 608, T22

15; Eugenia prainiana King, FMP1 750, H36 133, TFM3 210; tree to 48 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, K1, Pk, Ph, SI.

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143.10.98

Syzygium porphyrantherum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

porphyranthera Ridl., FMP1 727, H36 59, TEM3 211 ‘prophyranthera’; small

tree; hill forest; Ph, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium pseudoclaviflorum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

pseudoclaviflora M.R. Hend., H36 252, TFM3 211; tree to 7 m tall; lowland

forest; base of Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium pseudocrenulatum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

pseudocrenulata M.R. Hend., H36 216, TFM3 211; Eugenia crenulata (non

Willd.) Duthie, FMP1 751; stilt-rooted tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; Tg,

Pk, NS, MI, Sp; endemic.

Syzygium pseudoformosum (King) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 165, C04 98,

T22 15; Eugenia pseudoformosa King, FMP1 725 in part, H36 69, TFM3

211; tree to 10 m tall; lowland to montane forest; Tg and Pk to Sp.

Syzygium pseudomolle (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

pseudomollis M.R. Hend., H36 75, TFM3 212; Eugenia mollis (non Willd.

ex Berg.) King, FMP1 728; shrub or small tree; lowland forest; Pk.

Syzygium pulaiense I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia johorensis Ridl., FMP1

725, H36 73, TFM3 197; tree; once from Gg Pulai, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium pustulatum (Duthie) Merr., M33 421, 122 15; Eugenia pustulata

Duthie, FMP1 736, H36 188, TFM3 212: tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest:

Kd to Sp.

Syzygium pycnanthum Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 168, C04 100, T22 15;

Eugenia densiflora (Blume) Miq., FMP1 728, H36 78, TFM3 189,; tree to

21 m tall; lowland forests, seashores; Pn and Tg to Sp.

Syzygium pyrifolium (Blume) DC., M34 182, C04 100, T22 15; Eugenia

pyrifolia {non Desv.] (Blume) Duthie, FMP1 738; Eugenia tumida Duthie,

H36 161, TFM3 221; tree to 18 m tall; lowlands; Kd to Sp.

Syzygium quadratum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia quadrata King,

FMP1 730, H36 55, TFM3 214; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; once from

near Larut, Pk; endemic.

Syzygium quadribracteatum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

quadribracteata M.R. Hend., H36 166, TFM3 214; tree to 21 m tall; lowland

forest; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Syzygium rhomboideum (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia rhomboidea

Ridl., FMP1 753, H36 80, TFM3 214; shrub or small tree to 12 m tall;

montane forest at 1300 m; only known from Gg Mengkuang, SI; endemic.

381

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143.10.107

Syzygium ridleyi (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 608, C04 102,

T22 15; Eugenia ridleyi King, FMP1 735, H36 125, TFM3 214; tree to 30 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd to Sp.

Syzygium rostadonis (Ridl.) 1.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia rostadonis RidL.,

FMP 1 727, H36 65, TFM3 215; ?tree; lowland forest; once from Bundi, Tg;

endemic.

Syzygium rugosum Korth. var. cordatum (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22

15; Eugenia rugosa (Korth.) Merr. var. cordata M.R. Hend., H36 246, TFM3

215; tree; montane forest; KI, Ph, Sl; endemic variety.

Syzygium rugosum Korth. var. rugosum, M34 185; Eugenia rugosa (Korth.)

Merr., H36 244 incl. var. saxitana (Ridl.) M.R. Hend., TFM3 215; Eugenia

goodenovii King, FMP1 731 in part; Eugenia johorensis (non Ridl.) Ridl.,

FMPS5 308; tree to 38 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ps, Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl,

MI, Jh, Sp.

Syzygium salictoides (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia salictoides Ridl.,

FMP1 728, H36 82, TFM3 215; rheophytic shrub; in and near streams; Tg,

Ph; endemic.

Syzygium scalarinerve (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia scalarinervis

King, H36 57, TFM3 216; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Syzygium scortechinii (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var. cuneatum

(M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia scortechinii King var. cuneata

M.R. Hend., H36 67, TFM3 216; lowland forest; Tg, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh; endemic

variety.

Syzygium scortechinii (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var. scortechinii,

C03 609, C04 107, T22 15; Eugenia scortechinii King, FMP1 725 incl. var.

parvifolia King, H36 66, TFM3 216; tree to 16 m tall; lowland forest; Pn to

Jh.

Syzygium setosum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia setosa King, FMP1

755, H36 176, TFM3 216; shrub or small tree; peatswamp forest mostly; Pk,

Sl; endemic.

Syzygium siamense (Craib) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 609, C04

108, T22 15; Eugenia siamensis Craib, FMP1 726, H36 59, TFM3 217; shrub

or small tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; north Malaya.

Syzygium singaporense (King) Airy Shaw, A02 124,722 15; Aphanomyrtus

rostrata Mig., M32 109; Pseudoeugenia singaporensis King, FMP1 755,

TEMS 250; tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

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143.10.111b

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143.10.114

143.10.115

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143.10.117

Syzygium skiophilum (Duthie) Airy Shaw, A02 124,122 15; Aphanomyrtus

skiophila (Duthie) Valeton, M32 110; Pseudoeugenia perakiana Scotrt.,

FMP1 755, TFM3 250; tree to 5 m tall; lowland to montane forest; Pn, K1,

Pk Bhs

Syzygium spissifolium (Ridl.) .M. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia spissifolia Ridl.,

FMP1 753, H36 235, TFM3 217; shrub; montane forest at 1500 m; once

from Gg Mengkuang, SI; endemic.

Syzygium stapfianum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia stapfiana King,

FMP1 753, H36 228, TFM3 217: shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; montane

forest; KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium subdecussatum (Wall. ex Duthie) I.M. Turner var. montanum

(King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia subdecussata Duthie var. montana King,

FMP!1 752, H36 97, TFM3 218; montane forest, rarely in the lowlands;

throughout.

Syzygium subdecussatum (Wall. ex Duthie) I.M. Turner var. subdecussatum,

T22 15; Eugenia subdecussata Duthie, FMP1 752 incl. var. colorata King,

H36 95, TFM3 218; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest and rocky shores;

common throughout.

Syzygium subhorizontale (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 590,

122 15; Eugenia subhorizontalis King, FMP1 733, H36 124, TFM3 218; small

tree; lowland forest; Pk, NS.

Syzygium subrufum (King) Masam., C04 110,122 15; Eugenia subrufa King,

FMP1 733 incl. var. robusta King; tree.

Syzygium swettenhamianum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

swettenhamiana King, FMP1 755, H36 124, TFM3 218; tree to 21 m tall:

once from near Gg Pondok, Pk; endemic.

Syzygium syzygioides (Miq.) Merr. & L.M. Perry; M34 171, C04 111;

Eugenia syzygioides (Miq.) M.R. Hend., H36 154, TFM3 219; Eugenia

cymosa auct. non Lam., FMP1 737 in part; Eugenia pseudosyzygioides M.R.

Hend., H36 157; tree to 30 m tall; lowlands, often near sandy coasts; common

throughout.

Syzygium tahanense (Rid1.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia tahanensis Ridl.,

FMP1 752, H36 102, TFM3 219; shrub; high montane forest; Gg Tahan, Ph;

endemic.

Syzygium taipingense (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia

taipingensis M.R. Hend., H36 193, TFM3 219; shrub or small tree; lowland

forest; only knwon from near Taiping, Pk; endemic.

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143.10.127

Syzygium tectum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia tecta King, FMP1

739, H36 223, TFM3 220; tree; montane forest; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium tekuense (M.R. Hend.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia tekuensis

M.R. Hend., H36 48, TFM3 220; Eugenia trunciflora (non G. Don) Ridl.,

FMP1 724; small cauliflorous tree to 13 m tall; lowland forest; known only

from Kuala Teku, Ph; endemic.

Syzygium tenuifolium (Ridl.) Airy Shaw, A02 124,722 15; Aphanomyrtus

tenuifolia (Ridl.) Merr., M32 110; Pseudoeugenia tenuifolia Ridl., TFM3

250; tree to 6 m tall; lowland forest; once each from Kemasul F-R., Ph, and

Sg Lalang E-R., Sl; endemic.

Syzygium tetrapterum (Miq.) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var.

pseudotetrapterum (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia pseudotetraptera

King, FMP1 739; Eugenia tetraptera (Mig.) M.R. Hend. var.

pseudotetraptera (King) M.R. Hend., H36 220, TFM3 220; Syzygium

pseudotetrapterum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 590; tree to 9

m tall; mostly in the mountains; Ph, Jh.

Syzygium tetrapterum (Miq.) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn. var. tetrapterum,

C03 590; Eugenia tetraptera (Miq.) M.R. Hend., H36 218, TFM3 220; shrub;

lowland forest; Sg Buloh F-R., SI.

Syzygium thumra (Roxb.) Merr. & L.M. Perry var. penangianum (King)

I.M. Turner; Eugenia thumra Roxb. var. penangiana King, FMP1 734, H34

121, TFM3 220; tree; hill forest; twice from Penang Hill; endemic variety.

Syzygium tiumanense (RidI.) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia tiumanensis

Ridl., FMP1 725, H36 70, TFM3 221; large tree; lowland forest; twice from

P. Tioman; endemic.

Syzygium urophyllum Merr., M33 369; Eugenia caudata King, FMP1 740,

H36 148, TFM3 185; Syzygium enervosum P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn.

nom. superfl., C03 596; shrub or small tree to 12 m tall; hill and montane

forest, often on high ridges; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium valdevenosum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry, M34 182, T22 15;

Eugenia valdevenosa Duthie, FMP1 743, H36 180, TEFM3 221; Eugenia alata

Ridl., FMP1 743; tree to 9 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pn to Jh.

Syzygium variolosum (King) P. Chantaranothai & J. Parn., C03 590, T22

15; Eugenia variolosa King, FMP1 736, H36 105, TFM3 221; shrub or small

tree to 6 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium viridescens (Ridl.) ILM. Turner, 122 15; Eugenia viridescens Ridl..

FMP1 752, H36 97, TFM3 222; shrub; montane forest at 1500 m; only known

from Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

143.10.128

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~ 143.10.132

143.10.133

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143.10.136

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143.10.138

143.10.139

143.10.140

143.10.141

143.10.142

143.10.143

143.10.144

Syzygium wrayi (King) I.M. Turner, T22 15; Eugenia wrayi King, FMP1

753, H36 98, TFM3 222: shrub or small tree; montane forest above 1500 m;

Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Syzygium zeylanicum (L.) DC.,M34 159, C04 118,122 15; Eugenia zeylanica

(non Willd.) Wight, FMP1 738; Eugenia spicata Lam., H36 231 incl. var.

tenuiramis (Miqg.) M.R. Hend., TFM3 217; Eugenia longicaudata Ridl.,

FMP1 752; shrub or tree to 18 m tall; sea shores and river banks, rarely in

the mountains; Kd and Tg to Sp.

Eugenia sp. 1, TFM3 224: tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest; Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 2, TFM3 224; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; once from Jh;

? endemic.

Eugenia sp. 3, TFM3 224; tree to 27 m tall; bamboo forest; once from Ps;

? endemic.

Eugenia sp. 4, TFM3 224; tree to 27 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Tg, Ph,

Sl; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 5, TFM3 225; tree to 12 m tall; hill forest; Sl, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 6, TFM3 225; ?tree; once from Sepang, SI; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 7, TFM3 225; tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Sl; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 8, TFM3 225; tree to 48 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph,

Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 9, TFM3 227; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, K1, Pk, Ph;

? endemic.

Eugenia sp. 10, TFM3 227; tree to 10 m tall; lowland and hill forest; KI, Tg,

Ph, SI, NS, MI.

Eugenia sp. 11, TFM3 227; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; twice from Tg;

endemic.

Eugenia sp. 12, TFM3 227; tree to 18 m tall; hill and montane forest; Kl],

Tg, Ph, MI; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 13, TFM3 229; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; once from Ulu

Besut, Tg; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 14, TFM3 229; stilt-rooted tree to 21 m tall; lowland swamp

forest; Sl, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 15, TFM3 229; tree to 27 m tall; hill forest at 1000 m; once from

Gg Mandi Angin, Tg; ?endemic.

385

386

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143.10.149

143.10.150

143.10.151

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143.10.154

144.10.155

143.10.156

143.10.157

143.10.158

143.10.159

143.10.160

143.10.161

143.10.162

143.10.163

Eugenia sp. 16, TFM3 229; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Jh;

? endemic.

Eugenia sp. 17, TFM3 231; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Tg, Jh;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 18, TFM3 231; small tree; hill and montane forest over 700 m;

Gg Mandi Angin, Tg; Fraser’s Hill, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 19, TFM3 231; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Ph;

? endemic.

Eugenia sp. 20, TFM3 231; tree to 14 m tall; montane forest at 1700 m;

Cameron Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 21, TFM3 231; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest; once from Ulu

Muda FR, Kd; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 22, TFM3 233; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 23, TFM3 233; tree to 27 m tall; montane forest at 1000-1800

m; Cameron Highlands and Fraser’s Hill, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 24, TFM3 233; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; Ph, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 25, TFM3 233; shrub about 2.5 m tall; montane forest at 1500

m; only known from Gg Sagi, Kl; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 26, TFM3 233; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Mersing, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 27, TFM3 234; shrub to 6 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Kluang FR, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 28, TFM3 234; tree to 21 m tall; hill forest; Ph, N; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 29, TFM3 234; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 30, TFM3 234; small tree; lowland forest; once from Tasek Bera,

Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 31, TFM3 234; tree to 5 m tall; montane forest at 1200 m; Gg

Padang, Tg; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 32, TFM3 236; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; once from Tg;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 33, TFM3 236; tree to 42 m tall; lowland forest; Panti FR, Jh;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 34, TFM3 236; tree; lowland forest; Tg; ?endemic.

143.10.164

143.10.165

143.10.166

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143.10.181

Eugenia sp. 35, TFM3 236; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 36, TFM3 236; tree to 28 m tall: lowland forest; Pk, Ph, SI, Jh;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 37, TFM3 237; tree to 28 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ph, Jh;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 38, TFM3 237; large tree; hill forest above 1000 m; twice from

Gg Inas, Pk; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 39, TFM3 237; tree to 36 m tall; lowland forest; Jh, Sp; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 40, TFM3 237; tree to 33 m tall; lowlands; P. Langkawi, Kd;

endemic.

Eugenia sp. 41, TFM3 237; tree; montane forest; K], Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 42, TFM3 238; tree to 48 m tall; lowland and montane forest;

Ph, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 43, TFM3 238; tree to 9 m tall; montane forest at 1200 m; once

from Gg Lawit, Tg; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 44, TFM3 238; tree to 36 m tall; swampy lowland forest; SI, Jh;

endemic.

Eugenia sp. 45, TFM3 238; stilt-rooted tree to 18 m tall; peat swamp forest;

only known from Klang, Sl; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 46, TFM3 240; tree to 27 m tall; montane forest at 1700 m;

once from Cameron Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 47, TFM3 240; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Labis FR, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 48, TFM3 240; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Cabang Tongkat F-R., KI]; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 49, TFM3 240; shrub to 3 m tall; montane forest at 900 m; only

known from the summit of Gg Belumut, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 50, TFM3 240; tree to 15 m tall; montane forest at 1200 m; Gg

Padang, Tg; Fraser’s Hill, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 51, TFM3 240; tree to 27 m tall; once from Gg Arong FR., Ph;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 52, TFM3 241; tree to 21 m tall; hill forest at 600 m; once from

Ph; ?endemic.

387

388

143.10.182

143.10.183

143.10.184

143.10.185

143.10.186

143.10.187

143.10.188

144.10.189

143.10.190

143.10.191

143.10.192

143.10.193

143.10.194

143.10.195

143.11.1

143.11.2

143.11.3

Eugenia sp. 53, TFM3 241; tree to 36 m tall; once from Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 54, TFM3 241; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; once each from

Pk, Sl and Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 55, TFM3 241; ?tree; montane forest at 1200 m; once from Gg

Padang, Tg; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 56, TFM3 241; tree to 6 m tall; once from Pk; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 57, TFM3 242; tree to 18 m tall; lowland forest; once from Sg

Lallang F-R., Sl; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 58, TFM3 242; large tree; lowland forest; once from Lepar Hill

ER., Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 59, TFM3 242; tree to 18 m tall; once from Tg; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 60, TFM3 242; tree to 12 m tall; coastal forest; once from Jh;

?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 61, TFM3 242; tree to 12 m tall; montane forest at 1300 m;

once from Cameron Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 62, TFM3 242; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; once from Gg

Panti, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 63, TFM3 244; ?tree; montane forest at 1800 m; once from Gg

Berembun, Ph; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 64, TFM3 244; shrub about 2 m tall; montane forest at 1500 m;

once from Gg Mengkuang, SI; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 65, TFM3 244; tree to 3 m tall; hill forest at about 1000 m; once

from Labis FR, Jh; ?endemic.

Eugenia sp. 66, TFM3 244; tree about 12 m tall; lowland forest; Sl; ?endemic.

Tristaniopsis fruticosa (Ridl.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh., W21 439;

Tristania fruticosa Ridl., FMP1 715, TFM3 252; shrub to 1 m tall; montane

forest above 1350 m; Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh., W21 439;

Tristania merguensis Griff., FMP1 715, TFM3 252; Tristania subauriculata

King, FMP1 714; Tristania maingayi Duthie, FMP1 715; tree to 21 m tall;

rocky coasts to mountains; widespread.

Tristaniopsis obovata (R.Br.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh., W21 439;

Tristania spathulata Ridl., FMP1 715; Tristania obovata R.Br., TFM3 253;

tree to 45 m tall; lowlands; Kd, Tg, Jh, Sp.

143.11.4

143.11.5

143.11.6

144.

144.1.1

145.

145.1.1

145.1.2

145.1.3

145.1.4

145.155

145.1.6

145.1.7

145.1.8

145.1.9

Tristaniopsis pontianensis (M.R. Hend.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh.,

W21 440; Tristania pontianensis M.R. Hend., TFM3 253; tree to 27 m tall;

South Jh; endemic.

Tristaniopsis razakiana (Kochummen) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh., W21

440: Tristania razakiana Kochummen, TFM3 253; tree to 21 m tall; montane

forest; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Tristaniopsis whiteana (Griff.) Peter G. Wilson & J.T. Waterh., W21 440;

Tristania whiteana Grift., FMP1 716, TFM3 253; tree to 24 m tall; river banks

in the lowlands; widespread.

NELUMBONACEAE

Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn., N11 197; Nelumbium speciosum Willd. nom.

illeg., FMP1 118; large rhizomatous aquatic herb, leaves emergent; pools,

ditches, much cultivated, dubiously native; widespread.

NEPENTHACEAE

Nepenthes albomarginata Lobb ex Lindl., FMP3 21, D02 262; slender

climber; hills and mountains; Kd, Pn, Pk, MI.

Nepenthes ampullaria Jack, FMP3 21, D02 365; climber; secondary forest,

forest margins; Pn, Pk, MI, Jh, Sp.

Nepenthes gracilis Korth., FMP3 24 incl. var. arenaria Ridl., D02 290;

slender climber to 6 m long; secondary forest, forest margins in the lowlands;

Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Nepenthes gracillima Rid]., FMP3 22 incl. var. major Ridl., D02 296;

Nepenthes alba Ridl., FMP3 22; Nepenthes ramispina Ridl., FMP3 22;

climber; mountain ridges at 600-2100 m; K1, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Nepenthes hookerana Lindl., D02 309; climber; secondary forest; Sp.

Nepenthes macfarlanei Hemsl., FMP3 24, D02 323; stout climber;

mountains at 1200-1600 m; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Nepenthes mirabilis Druce, D02 330; Nepenthes phyllamphora Willd., FMP3

25; climber to 7 m long; lowlands; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, Pk, MI, ?Sp.

Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack, FMP3 24, D02 357; stout climber to 4 m or

more long; forest margins in lowlands and hills; Pk, MI, Jh, Sp.

Nepenthes sanguinea Lind!., FMP3 23, D02 366; climber; mountains at 900—

1300 m; Pk, Ph, Sl, MI; endemic.

389

390

145.1.10

146.

146.1.1

146.1.2

146.1.3

1462.1

146.2.2

146.2.3

147.

147.1.1

147.1.2

147.1.3

147.2.1

147.2.2

Nepenthes trichocarpa Miq., D02 389; climber; open places; widespread.

Danser cites the following hybrids N. gracillima x macfarlanei [D02 299]

{Gg Batu Puteh, Pk, Gg Tahan, Ph}, N. macfarlanei x sanguinea [D02 324]

{K1, Ph, SI, Ml}.

NYCTAGINACEAE

Boerhavia chinensis (L.) Asch. & Schweinf., FM16 455, TFM2 297;

Boerhavia repanda Willd., FMP3 2; erect herb to 1 m tall; on limestone; Ps.

Boerhavia diffusa L., FMP3 1, FMi6 454, TFM2 297; creeping or erect herb

to 1 m tall; dry sandy open places; widespread.

Boerhavia erecta L., FM16 454, TFM2 297, M47 366: erect herb to 80 cm

tall; roadsides, open sandy places; Sp.

Pisonia aculeata L., FMP3 3, FM16 467, TFM2 298; thorny scrambling liana

reaching to 20 m; on limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi.

Pisonia grandis R.Br., FMi6 464, TFM2 298; shrub or tree to 30 m tall;

coastal; both coasts and offshore islands.

Pisonia umbellifera (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Seem., FM16 460, TFM2 298;

Pisonia excelsa Blume, FMP3 3; shrub or tree to 28 m tall; bases of limestone

hills; Pk, Ph.

NYMPHAEACEAE

Barclaya kunstleri (King) Ridl., FMP1 117; Hydrostemma kunstleri (King)

B.C. Stone, $56 71; aquatic herb; shallow water; Pk, Ph, SI, Jh, Sp.

Barclaya longifolia Wall., FMP1 118; Hydrostemma longifolium (Wall.)

Mabb., M04 68; small aquatic herb; fast-flowing streams; P. Langkawi.

Barclaya motleyi Hook.f., FMP1 116; Hydrostemma motleyi (Hook.f.)

Mabb., M04 68; small aquatic herb; small slow-flowing streams in lowland

forest; Pn, Ph, MI, Sp.

Nymphaea pubescens Willd., M42 431; Nymphaea lotus L., FMP1 116;

aquatic rhizomatous herb with floating leaves; pools and ditches, often

cultivated; MI.

Nymphaea nouchali Burm.f., N11 198, M42 430; Nymphaea stellata Willd.,

FMP1 116; aquatic rhizomatous herb with floating leaves; pools and ditches;

widespread.

148.

148.1.1

148.1.2

148.2.1

148.3.1

148.3.2

148.4.1

149.5.1

149.

149.1.1

149.2.1

149.3.1

149.4]

OCHNACEAE

Brackenridgea hookeri (Planch.) A. Gray, FM17 102, TFM3 256; Gomphia

hookeri Planch., FMP1 366; tree to 27 m tall: lowland and hill forest to

1000 m:; throughout.

Brackenridgea palustris Bartell... FM17 102. TFM3 256: Gomphia corymbosa

(King) Ridl., FMP1 367; tree to 9 m tall; swampy lowland forest and

montane forest: Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Campylospermum serratum (Gaertn.) Bittrich & M.C_E. Amaral, B20 92;

Gomphia microphylla Ridl., FMP1 365; Gomphia sumatrana Jack, FMP1

365; Gomphia oblongifolia Ridl|., FMP5 296; Gomphia serrata (Gaertn.)

Kanis, FMi7 105, TFM3 258; tree to 25 m tall; lowland and hill forest to

1000 m, common near the sea; throughout.

Euthemis leucocarpa Jack, FMP1 368, FM17 108, TFM3 257; shrub to 2m

tall; lowland swamps, ridges and mountain sides to 1000 m; Kd, Pn, K1, Pk.

Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

Euthemis minor Jack, FMP1 368, FMi7 108, TFM3 257; prostrate shrub;

sandy forest; Chua Chu Kang, Sp.

Ochna integerrima (Lour.) Merr., FM17 99, TFM3 260; Ochna grandis Ridl.,

FMP1 365; shrub or small tree to 12 m tall; sandy beaches, swampy places;

Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd.

Sauvagesia serrata (Korth.) Sastre, $01 18; Neckia malayana Ridl., FMP1

134; Neckia serrata Korth., FM17 110, TFM3 260; shrub to 1 m tall; damp

shady places in lowland and hill forest; Tg, Ph, Jh.

OLACACEAE

Anacolosa frutescens (Blume) Blume, FMr10 25; Anacolosa heptandra

Maingay ex Mast., FMP1 425, TFM2 301; small tree to 15 m tall; lowland

and hill forest to 600 m; Kd, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh. Sp.

Erythropalum scandens Blume, FMP1 436, TFM2 299, FM110 17: scandent

shrub or liana to 10 m tall; lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Harmandia mekongensis Pierre ex Baill.. FM110 9: Harmandia kunstleri

King, FMP1 421, TFM2 301; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest to 240 m; Tg,

Ph, Pk, Sl, NS, MI.

Ochanostachys amentacea Mast., FMP 1 422. TFM2 302, FM110 14: tree to

30 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 900 m; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS,

MI. Jh, Sp.

391

392

149.5.1

149.5.2

149.6.1

149.7.1

149.7.2

149.7.3

149.8.1

150.

PSOne

150.1.2

1SOHES

150.1.4

150.1.5

150.1.6

Olax imbricata Roxb., FMP1 421, TFM2 300, FM110 8; unarmed climbing

shrub; lowland forest; scattered.

Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl, FM110 717; Olax scandens Roxb., FMP1

421, TFM2 300, FM110 7; prickly scandent shrub; open sandy country;

widespread.

Scorodocarpus borneensis (Baill.) Becc., FMP1 424, TFM2 303, FM110 15;

pungent tree to 36 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI,

Jh, Sp.

Strombosia ceylanica Gardn., FM110 22; Strombosia multiflora King, FMP1

425, TFM2 306; Strombosia rotundifolia King, FMP1 425; Strombosia

maingayi (Mast.) Whitmore, TFM2 306; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest;

widespread.

Strombosia javanica Blume, FMP1 425, TFM2 306, FM110 21; tree to 24m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

Strombosia sp. A, TFM2 307; shrub; lowland forest; Tg, Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Ximenia americana L., FMP1 424, TFM2 300, FM110 11; sprawling shrub

or small tree to 10 m tall; sandy shores; common on west coast, rare on

east.

OLEACEAE

Chionanthus calcicolus (Kerr) Kiew, K23 265, TFM4 287; shrub or small

tree to 5 m tall; on limestone; P. Langkawi, K], Pk.

Chionanthus callophylus Blume, K25 210, TFM4 287; Linociera paludosa

King & Gamble, FMP2 316; Olea platycarpa King & Gamble, FMP2 319;

Chionanthus platycarpus (King & Gamble) Kiew, K23 272; tree to 25 m

tall; lowland forest including swamps; Ph, Sl, Jh.

Chionanthus caudifolius (Ridl.) Kiew, K24 266, TFM4 287; Linociera

caudifolia Ridl., FMP2 317; tree to 13 m tall; montane forest at 1200-1600

m; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Chionanthus curvicarpus Kiew, K25 211, TFM4 287; tree to 23 m tall;

lowland forest; once from Sg Kayu, Jh.

Chionanthus evenius (Stapf) Kiew, K24 268, TFM4 288; tree to 50 m tall;

lowland swamp forest; Pk, SI, Jh.

Chionanthus grandifolius (Elmer) Kiew, K25 210, TFM4 287; Chionanthus

macrocarpus auct. non Blume, K24 271; tree to 7 m tall; lowland forest;

once from Batu Biwa, Tg.

150.1.7

150.1.8

150.1.9

150.1.10

-150.1.11

150.1.12

150.2.1

15022 2

150.2.3

150.2.4

150.2.5

150.2.6

150!2°7

150.2.8

150.2.9

150.2.10

Chionanthus lancifolius (Ridl.) Kiew, K24 269, TFM4 287: Linociera

lancifolia Ridl., FMP2 317; Linociera parvifolia Ridl., FMP2 317; shrub or

tree to 8 m tall; montane forest at 1500-1700 m; K1, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Chionanthus laxiflorus Blume, K24 270, TFM4 287: tree to 4 m tall: lowlands

and mountains; Ph, Jh (thrice in all).

Chionanthus lucens Kiew, W30 268; small tree; Gg Janing, Jh.

Chionanthus macrocarpus Blume, K25 209, TFM4 288; Linociera insignis

(Mig.) C.B. Clarke, FMP2 316 in part; Chionanthus elaeocarpus (Stapf)

Kiew, K24 267; tree to 42 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; Tg, Ph,

Jh, Sp.

Chionanthus ramiflorus Roxb., K24 274, TFM4 289; Linociera pauciflora

(Wall.) C.B. Clarke, FMP2 317; tree to 17 m tall; coastal, nverine and swamp

forest; throughout.

Chionanthus spiciferus (Ridl.) Kiew, K24 275; Linociera spicifera Ridl.,

FMP2 316; tree; lowland forest; only known from type, Rawang ER.., SI;

endemic.

Jasminum cordatum RidI., K41 4; limestone hills; West Coast.

Jasminum curtisii King & Gamble, FMP2 312; climber; Ipoh, Pk; endemic.

Jasminum decussatum Wall., FMP2 313; bushy climber; open country; Ps,

Kd.

Jasminum elongatum (Bergius) Willd., G16 572; Jasminum bifarium Wall.

ex G. Don, FMP2 313; Jasminum evansii Ridl., FMP2 313; Jasminum

arenarium Ridl., FMP2 313; Jasminum aemulum R.Br., K42 312; climbing

shrub; forest margins and clearings; common throughout.

Jasminum griffithii CB. Clarke, FMP2 311; slender climber; lowland forest:

Pk, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Jasminum insigne Blume, FMP2 314: stout liana; lowland forest; Pk, Ph.

Jasminum insularum Kerr, K41 7; on limestone; P.Langkawi, Kl.

Jasminum kedahense Ridl., FMP2 311; stout climber; Gg Jerai, Kd;

endemic.

Jasminum lanceolaria Roxb. ssp. scortechinii (King & Gamble) P.S. Green,

G16 576; Jasminum scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 315; climber; hill

forest; Pn, Pk, Ph.

Jasminum longipetalum King & Gamble, FMP2 314; slender climber;

lowland forest; Pk, Sp; endemic.

393

394

150.2.11

150.2.12

15023

150.2.14a

150.2.14b

150.3.2

150.4.1

150.5.1

150.6.1

Si.

ilSyledlea

151.1.2

SIRES

Jasminum maingayi C.B. Clarke, FMP2 311; stout climber; hill forest; Ps,

Po. Pky Phase

Jasminum malayanum Kiew, K40 77; Jasminum adenophyllum auct. non

Wall., FMP2 314; slender climber; hill forest on limestone; Kd; endemic.

Jasminum smilacifolium Griff. ex C.B. Clarke, FMP2 314: climber; lowland

forest; NS, Ml.

Jasminum wrayi King & Gamble var. axillare King & Gamble, FMP2 312

‘axillaris’, K41 13; climber; Maxwell’s Hill, Pk; endemic.

Jasminum wrayi King & Gamble var. wrayi, FMP2 312, K41 13; slender

climber; lowland forest; Pk, Sl; endemic.

Ligustrum confusum Decne., K22 144, TFM4 290; Olea puberula Ridl.,

FMP2 318; shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; on limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi,

Ph, SI.

Ligustrum glomeratum Blume, K22 147, TFM4 290; shrub or tree to 15 m

tall; open areas; Ps.

Myxopyrum nervosum Blume, FMP2 320, K26 505, TFM4 285; climbing

shrub; lowland forests and swamps; widespread.

Olea brachiata (Lour.) Merr., TFM4 291; Olea maritima Wall. ex Don,

FMP2 318; tree to 10 m tall; rocky shores; widespread.

Olea dentata Wall. ex DC., TFM4 292; Olea penangiana Ridl., FMP2 318;

tree to 20 m tall; rocky coasts; Pn.

Osmanthus scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 315 incl. var. oblonga King

& Gamble, TFM4 286; Olea capitellata Ridl., FMP2 319; shrub or small

tree; montane forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

ONAGRACEAE

Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H. Hara, FMi8 104, M47 368; Jussiaea repens L.,

FMP1 827; creeping or floating herb, ascending to 60 cm; pools, ditches

and swamps; widespread.

Ludwigia hyssopifolia (G. Don) Exell, FM18 104, M47 370; Jussiaea

suffruticosa auct. non L., FMP1 827; herb to 3 m tall; weed of shallow water

and wet places; widespread.

Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) PH. Raven, FMi8 101, M47 372; Jussiaea erecta

auct. non L., FMP1 827; Jussiaea villosa Lam., FMP1 828; herb to 4 m tall;

wet places, near rivers and ditches; widespread.

a)

aa ant

151.1.4

i515

151.1.6

¥S?.

1571.1

1522.1

1523-1

152.4.1

453.

193-121

1532.1

153.22

153.2.3

153.3.1

Ludwigia perennis L., FM18 103, M47 374; Ludwigia parviflora Roxb.,

FMP1 828; herb to 1 m tall; wet places; Pk, SI.

Ludwigia peruviana (L.) H. Hara, FMi8 100, M47 376; Jussiaea speciosa

Ridl., FMP1 828; shrub to 3 m tall; ditches, damp waste ground; Sp;

naturalized from tropical America.

Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., FMP1 829, FMi8 103; herb to 60 cm tall; water

margins; widespread.

OPILIACEAE

Cansjera rheedei J.F. Gmel., FM110 50, TFM4 294: Cansjera zizypholia

Griff., FMP3 172; liana or shrub to 5 m tall; coastal vegetation; Ph, NS, Ml,

Jh, Sp.

Champereia manillana (Blume) Merr., FM110 35, TFM4 294; Champereia

griffithii Planch. ex Kurz, FMP3 172; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland

forest; widespread.

Lepionurus sylvestris Blume, FMP3 172, FM110 43, TFM4 295; Lepionurus

oblongifolius (Griff.) Mast. var. angustifolius Ridl., FMP3 173; shrub to 3

m tall; lowland and hill forest to 600 m; throughout.

Melientha suavis Pierre, FM110 39, TFM4 296: small tree to 12 m tall;

lowland forest; Pn, KI, Ph (once each).

OXALIDACEAE

Averrhoa bilimbi L., FMP1 331, TFM1 348, FMi7 177; tree to 15 m tall;

lowland forest, often near rivers; native in the north, widely cultivated; Ps,

Kd.

Biophytum adiantoides Wight ex Edgew. & Hook.f., FMP 1 331, FM17 165;

woody-stemmed ‘herb’ to 30 cm tall; along rivers, forest clearings; Ps, Pk,

Ph.

Biophytum reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch, FMP1 331, FM17 164; herb to 35

cm tall; waste places, plantations; KI].

Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC., FMP1 331, FMi7 162; herb to 35 cm tall;

weed: Pn, Ml.

Dapania racemosa Korth., TFM1 347, FMi7 167; Dapania scandens Stapf,

FMP1 334; liana to 30 m long; swampy lowland forest; Pk.

395

396

153.4.1

153.4.2

1532522

153.5.3a

153.5.3b

15355:36

154.

154.1.1

154.1.2

Oxalis barrelieri L., FMP1 330, FM17 155, M44 378; erect herb to 1.5 m

tall; waste places; widespread; naturalized from tropical South America.

Oxalis corniculata L., FMP1 330, FM17 155, M44 380; small herb; garden

weed, waste places; Pn, Pk, MI, Sp.

Oxalis corymbosa DC., FMP1 330, FM17 159; bulbous herb to 30 cm tall;

waste places, lowlands and hills; scattered; naturalized from tropical South

America.

Sarcotheca glomerula Veldkamp, TFM1 348, FM17 170; Connaropsis

macrophylla King, FMP1 334; shrub or small tree to 9 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Sarcotheca griffithii (Planch. ex Hook.f.) Hallier f., TFM1 349, FMi7 170;

Connaropsis griffithii Planch. ex Hook.f., FMP1 332; tree to 42 m tall;

lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Sarcotheca laxa (Ridl.) Knuth var. hirsuta Veldkamp, TFM1 349, FMi7 171;

shrub or tree to 23 m tall; swamps and forest margins; Jh; endemic variety.

Sarcotheca laxa (Ridl.) Knuth var. laxa, TFM1 349, FMi7 171; Connaropsis

glabra Ridl., FMP1 332; Connaropsis laxa Ridl., FMP1 333; shrub or tree

to 23 m tall; swamps and forest margins; Ps, Kd, K], Tg, Pk; endemic variety.

Sarcotheca laxa (Ridl.) Knuth var. sericea (Ridl.) Veldkamp, TFM1 349,

FMh7 171; Connaropsis sericea Ridl., FMP1 334; Connaropsis simplicifolia

Ridl., FMP 1 334; shrub or tree to 23 m tall; swamps and forest margins; Tg,

Ph, Jh, Sp; endemic variety.

Sarcotheca monophylla (Planch. ex Hook.f.) Hallier f., TFM1 349, FMi7

172; Connaropsis monophylla Planch. ex Hook.f., FMP1 332; tree to 30 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml; endemic.

PANDACEAE

Galearia fulva (Tul.) Mig., FMP3 257, TFM2 98; Galearia affinis (R.Br.)

Miq., FMP3 255; Galearia lindleyana (Tul.) Hook.f., FMP3 255; Galearia

phlebocarpa (R.Br.) Mig., FMP3 255; Galearia minor Gage, FMP3 256;

Galearia ridleyi Gage, FMP3 256; Galearia wallichii (R.Br.) Kurz, FMP3

256; Galearia finlaysonii (R.Br.) Mig., FMP3 257; Galearia fusca Ridl.,

FMP3 257; Galearia pedicellata (R.Br.) Mig., FMP3 257; Galearia subulata

(Miull.Arg.) Hook.f., FMP3 258; small tree; lowland and hill forest to 690

m; throughout.

Galearia maingayi Hook.f., FMP3 255, TFM2 98; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

forest to 300 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

154.1.3

154.2.1

£55.

155-151

155.1.2a

155.1.2b

155.1.3a

155.1.3b

155/221

155:341

1552322

ilies he,

155.3.4

Galearia stenophylla Merr., TFM2 98; treelet; hill and montane forest; Ulu

Gombak and Klang Gates, SI.

Microdesmis caseariifolia Planch., FMP3 258, TFM2 118; shrub to 3 m tall;

lowlands, often on or near limestone; throughout.

PASSIFLORACEAE

Adenia cordifolia (Blume) Engl., FM17 430; Adenia populifolia var.

pentamera King, FMP1 841; liana to 50 m long; lowland forest margins and

clearings; widespread.

Adenia macrophylla (Blume) Koord. var. macrophylla, FM17 428; Adenia

acuminata (non Blume) King, FMP1 841; Adenia grandifolia Ridl., FMP1

842; liana to 25 m long; lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Adenia macrophylla (Blume) Koord. var. singaporeana (Wall. ex G. Don)

W.J. de Wilde, FM17 429; Adenia singaporeana (Wall. ex G. Don) Engl.,

FMP1 841; liana to 25 m long; lowland forest margins; Jh, Sp; endemic

variety.

Adenia penangiana (Wall. ex G. Don) W.J. de Wilde var. parvifolia (Pierre

ex Gagnep.) W.J. de Wilde, FM17 423; tuberous climber or creeper to 2 m

long; on limestone hills; Ps, Kd, P. Langkawi.

Adenia penangiana (Wall. ex G. Don) W.J. de Wilde var. penangiana, FM17

423; Adenia nicobarica (Kurz ex Trimen) King, FMP1 840; climber to 6 m

tall; lowland forest margins; widespread.

Paropsia vareciformis (Griff.) Mast., FMP1 842, FM15 14, TFM2 157; tree

to 24 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 500 m; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, M1.

Passiflora foetida L., FMP1 839, M47 384; slender hairy vine; waste places

in the lowlands; widespread; naturalized from tropical America.

Passiflora laurifolia L.; B02 290; wiry vine; forest margins; widespread;

naturalized from tropical America.

Passiflora perakensis Hallier f., FMI7 414; Passiflora horsfieldti auct. non

Blume, FMP1 839; slender climber to 15 m long; lowland and hill forest to

1000 m; Kd, Pk, Ph.

Passiflora suberosa L., B02 290, C26 662; vine; waste places; Sp; naturalized

from tropical America.

397

398

156.

156.1.1

156.1.2

157:

IS7EieN

Sel?

Seles)

157.1.4a

157.1.4b

SI7/Ales

158.1.1

159.

S59 sie

19a

PEDALIACEAE

Sesamum orientale L., S18 656; Sesamum indicum L., FMP2 553, FM14

217; herb to 2 m tall; waste places in the lowlands; naturalized probably

from Africa.

Sesamum radiatum L., FMi4 218, T05 131; herb to 1.2 m tall; waste places;

Sp; naturalized from Africa.

PENTAPHRAGMATACEAE

Pentaphragma aurantiacum Stapf, FMi4 521; Pentaphragma grande RidL.,

FMP2 203; herb to 90 cm tall; montane forest; Gg Tahan, Ph.

Pentaphragma begoniifolium (Roxb. ex Jack) Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 202,

FM14 525; herb to 20 cm tall; lowland forest to 600 m; north of Malaya.

Pentaphragma cyrtandriforme Airy Shaw, FM14 522, K37 549; prostrate

herb 10-20 cm long; montane forest to 1800 m; Gg Mandi Angin, Gg

Padang, Tg, and Gg Tapis, Ph; endemic.

Pentaphragma ellipticum Poulsen var. ellipticum, K33 7; Pentaphragma

ridleyi King & Gamble, FMP2 202; Pentaphragma ellipticum Poulsen, FM14

527; glabrous succulent herb to 40 cm tall; lowland forest to 550 m; Jh, Sp.

Pentaphragma ellipticum Poulsen var. flocculosum (King & Gamble) Kiew,

K33 7; woolly succulent herb to 40 cm tall; lowland forest to 1000 m; K1,

Tg, Ph, NS, MI, Jh; endemic variety.

Pentaphragma horsfieldii (Mig.) Airy Shaw, FM14 527, K33 9; Pentaphragma

scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 203; herb to 35 cm tall; lowland and

montane forest to 2000 m; Pk, Ph, SI, MI.

PENTAPHYLACACEAE

Pentaphylax euryoides Gardner & Champ., FM15 123, TFM2 308;

Pentaphylax malayana Ridl., FMP1 206; Pentaphylax arborea Ridl., FMP5

291; shrub or small tree to 12 m tall; montane forest at 975-1800 m; Ph, SI.

PHYTOLACCACEAE

Phytolacca octandra L., $48 255; herb to 60 cm tall; mountains above 1200

m; Cameron Highlands, Ph; naturalized from tropical America.

Rivina humilis L., FM14 229; erect herb to 1 m tall; waste places, usually

slightly shaded; Sp; naturalized from tropical America.

160.

160.1.1

160.1.2

160.1.3

160.1.4

160.1.5

160.1.6

160.1.7

160.1.8

160.1.9

160.2.1

160.2.2

160.2.3

160.2.4

160.2.5

160.2.6

160.2.7

PIPERACEAE

Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) H.B.K. var. leptestachya (Hook. & Arn.) Diill,

D44 110; Peperomia dindygulensis Miqg., FMP3 26, C14 197, K50 33:

succulent herb to 30 cm tall; on shaded limestone; Ph, SI.

Peperomia decumbens C. DC., FMPS5 327; creeping herb to 15 cm tall; Gg

Raya, P. Langkawi.

Peperomia kotana C. DC., FMP3 27, C14 198; creeping herb to 20 cm tall;

on rocks including limestone; Kd, KI, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Peperomia malaccensis Rid!., FMP3 27; succulent herb; on rocks; Batu Tiga,

MI; ?endemic.

Peperomia maxwelliana C. DC., FMP3 27, $48 248; succulent decumbent

herb; on shaded rocks; Maxwell’s Hill, Pk, and Bt Takun, SI (limestone);

endemic.

Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, FMP3 27; succulent herb to 20 cm tall;

common weed of damp shaded sites; throughout; naturalized from tropical

America.

Peperomia portulacoides (Lam.) A. Dietr., FMP3 26, C14 198; succulent

herb; on limestone; Gua Batu, SI.

Peperomia wrayi DC., FMP3 26; decumbent herb; on dead trees in lowland

forest; Ulu Batang Padang, Pk; ?endemic.

Peperomia sp. A, C14 198, K50 34; succulent herb to 30 cm tall; mostly on

limestone; Pk, Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Piper acre Blume, FMP3 44; climber; montane forest; Pk.

Piper aduncum L., M46 307, C11 3; shrub or small tree to 3 m tall; roadsides

and clearings in lowlands and hills; Sl; naturalized from tropical America.

Piper argyrites Ridl., FMP3 40; stout climber; lowland forest; Sl; ?endemic.

Piper bipedale C. DC., FMP3 33; subshrub to 60 cm tall; lowland forest;

Pk; ?endemic.

Piper boehmeriifolium (Mig.) DC., FMP3 41; shrub to 1 m tall; lowland

forest; Pk, Ph, NS.

Piper burkillii Ridl., FMP3 36; slender climber; hill forest; NS; ?endemic.

Piper caninum Blume, FMP3 38, C11 5; slender climber; lowland forest;

widespread.

399

400

160.2.8

160.2.9

160.2.10

160.2.11

160.2.12

160.2.13

160.2.14

160.2.15

160.2.16

160.2.17

160.2.18

160.2.19

160.2.20

160.2.21

160.2.22

160.2.23

160.2.24

160.2.25

160.2.26

160.2.27

Piper collinum C. DC., FMP3 36, C14 198; slender climber to 4 m; on

limestone; once from Gopeng, Pk; endemic.

Piper conibaccum C. DC., FMP3 48; hill forest; Ph; ?endemic.

Piper curtipetiolum C. DC., FMP3 46; Gg Inas, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper curtisii C. DC., FMP3 37; slender creeper; lowland and hill forest;

Pk, Sl, MI, Jh; ?endemic.

Piper cyrtostachys Ridl., FMP3 41; herb to 60 cm tall; montane forest; Gg

Berembun, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper dindingsanum C. DC., FMP3 38; ?climber; hill forest; Dindings, Pk;

? endemic.

Piper erecticaule C. DC., FMP3 43; ?shrub; montane forest; Gg Jerai, Kd;

?endemic.

Piper eucalyptolimbum C. DC., FMP3 49; scandent shrub; hill forest; Larut,

Pk; ?endemic.

Piper febrifugum C. DC., FMP3 39; scandent shrub; lowland forest; Pk;

? endemic.

Piper filipes C. DC., FMP3 49; ?; Larut, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper firmum C. DC., FMP3 31; ?climber; Tapah, Pk.

Piper flavibaccum C. DC., FMP3 49; ?; Gg Batu Puteh, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper flavimarginatum C. DC., FMP3 31; stout climber; lowland forest; Sp;

endemic.

Piper flayispicum C. DC., FMP3 46; herb to 60 cm tall; on limestone; Sg

Prya, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper globulistigmum C. DC., FMP3 43; ?; Pk; ?endemic.

Piper gymnocladum C. DC., FMP3 46; straggling climber; hill forest; Pk;

?endemic.

Piper gymnophyllum C. DC., FMP3 49; ?; Gg Bujong Malacca, Pk;

endemic.

Piper klossii Ridl., FMP3 35; scandent shrub; montane forest; SI; ?endemic.

Piper kotanum C. DC., FMP3 45, C14 198; herb to 20 cm tall; mostly from

limestone; Kd, KI, Ph; endemic.

Piper kunstleri C. DC., FMP3 SO; herb to 1 m tall; among rocks; Pn;

? endemic.

160.2.28

160.2.29

160.2.30

160.2.31

160.2.32

160.2.33

160.2.34

160.2.35

160.2.36

160.2.37

160.2.38

160.2.39

160.2.40

160.2.41

160.2.42

160.2.43

160.2.44

160.2.45

160.2.46

Piper kurzii Rid!., FMP3 43; small shrub; lowland and montane forest; KI],

Pk, Ph, Sl.

Piper lanatum Roxb., FMP3 38; creeper; lowland forest; scattered.

Piper larutanum C. DC., FMP3 37; scandent shrub; lowland forest; Larut,

Pk; ?endemic.

Piper leptonema Hook.f, FMP3 50; climber; hill forest; Pn, Pk.

Piper lonchites Wall., FMP3 49; slender woody climber; on rocks in hill

forest; Pn, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper longamentum C. DC., FMP3 48; scandent shrub; hill forest; Pk;

endemic.

Piper longibracteum C. DC., FMP3 37; climber; hill forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Piper longicaule C. DC., FMP3 51; climber; lowland forest; Pn, Pk, MI.

Piper lowong Blume, FMP5 328; climber; P. Langkawi, Pk.

Piper macropiper Pennant, C11 10; Piper miniatum Blume, FMP3 39; Piper

arborescens Roxb., Q02 20; climber; on rocks and trees in lowland and hill

forest; widespread west of Main Range.

Piper magnibaccum C. DC., FMP3 46; climber reaching to 4 m; hill forest;

Pk, Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Piper maingayi Hook.f, FMP3 31; ?climber; lowland forest; Sl, Ml, Sp;

?endemic.

Piper maxwellanum C. DC., FMP3 35; climber; hill forest; Taiping Hills,

Pk; ?endemic.

Piper minutistigmum C. DC., FMP3 43; large climber; Larut, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper mucronatum C. DC., FMP3 36; slender liana; lowland forest,

occasionally on limestone; Pk; endemic.

Piper muricatum Blume, FMP3 32; subshrub to 60 cm tall; lowland forest;

widespread.

Piper obovantherum C. DC., FMP3 47; ?; Penang Hill; ?endemic.

Piper oreophilum Ridl., FMP3 41; small shrub; montane forest; Gg Tahan,

Ph; ?endemic.

Piper pachyphyllum Hook.f., FMP3 31; ?climber; lowland forest; SI, MI.

Sp; ?endemic.

401

402

160.2.47

160.2.48

160.2.49

160.2.50

160.2.51

160.2.52

160.2.53

160.2.54

160.2.55

160.2.56

160.2.57

160.2.58

160.2.59

160.2.60

160.2.61

160.2.62

160.2.63

160.2.64

160.2.65

160.2.66

Piper paucistigmum C. DC., FMP3 35; slender creeper; bamboo forest;

Pk; ?endemic.

Piper pedicellosum Wall., FMP3 34; slender liana; lowland forest; Pk, Sl,

MI, Sp.

Piper penangense C. DC., FMP3 42; subshrub to 60 cm tall; hill forest; Pn,

Pk; ?endemic.

Piper pentandrum C. DC., FMP3 30; ?climber; Pk; ?endemic.

Piper polyganum C. DC., FMP3 31; large climber; hill forest; Pk.

Piper porphyrophyllum N.E. Br., FMP3 45; slender climber; lowland forest;

widespread; ?endemic.

Piper protractum C. DC., FMP3 33, C10 147; Piper malaccense C. DC.,

FMP3 33; shrub; lowland forest; NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Piper puberulirameum C. DC., FMP3 45; ?shrub; hill forest; Pn; ?endemic.

Piper ramipilum C. DC., FMP3 39; creeper to 6 m long; hill forest; Pn, Pk,

Jh; ?endemic.

Piper rarispicum C. DC., FMP3 32; ?climber; hill forest; Pn; ?endemic.

Piper retrofractum Vahl, Q02 106; Piper officinarum C. DC., FMPS5 328;

scandent shrub; coastal scrub; Ml, Jh.

Piper ribesioides Wall., FMP3 34; climber; common in lowland forest;

widespread.

Piper ridleyi C. DC., FMP3 33, C10 148; shrub; hill forest; Pk, SI.

Piper rufibracteatum C. DC., FMP3 48; MI; ?endemic.

Piper rufispicum C. DC., FMP3 42; Gg Hijau, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper sarmentosum Roxb., FMP3 40; creeping herb to 20 cm tall; banks,

waste ground, plantations; widespread.

Piper schizonephros C. DC., FMP3 32; ?climber; Pn, MI.

Piper scortechinii C. DC., FMP3 50; slender creeper; hill forest and

limestone; Pk; ?endemic.

Piper selangorense C. DC., FMP3 34; scandent shrub; montane forest; Sl;

?endemic.

Piper semangkoanum C. DC., FMP3 45; erect plant; hill forest; Pk, Sl;

?endemic.

rr

-160.2.67

160.2.68

160.2.69

160.2.70

160.2.71

160.2.72

160.2.73

160.2.74

160.2.75

160.2.76

160.2.77

160.2.78

160.3.1

161.

161.1.1

161.1.2

162.

162.1.1

Piper stylosum Miq., FMP3 42; herb to 40 cm tall; lowland forest;

widespread.

Piper subalbicans C. DC., FMP3 37; ?climber; montane forest; Gg Batu

Puteh, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper subfragile C. DC., FMP3 46; climber; Kurau, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper subgrande Ridl., FMP5 329: woody climber; lowland forest; Ulu

Batang Padang, Pk; ?endemic.

Piper subpenninerve (C. DC.) Ridl.. FMP3 47; climber; Pk, SI.

Piper subrubrispicum C. DC., FMP3 44; shrub to | m tall; Pk; ?endemic.

Piper subsessililimbum C. DC., FMP3 48; scandent shrub; Gopeng, Pk;

endemic.

Piper umbellatum L., FMP3 51; shrub to 2 m tall; damp rocky forest;

widespread.

Piper uncinulatum Ridl., FMPS5 329; scandent shrub; hill forest; Fraser’s

Hill, Ph; ?endemic.

Piper velutinervium C. DC., FMP3 44: ?shrub; among rocks in hill forest:

near Larut, Pk.

Piper venosum Ridl., FMP3 327; climber; Gg Angsi, NS; ?endemic.

Piper xanthocarpum C. DC., FMP3 36; climber; hill forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Zippelia begoniifolia Blume, C14 199; Zippelia lappacea Blume, FMP3 25:

herb to 30 cm tall; lowland forest; Pk.

PITTOSPORACEAE

Pittosporum ferrugineum W.T. Aiton, FMP1 136, FMi5 355, TFM2 310:

shrub or tree to 15 m tall; common near rocky or sandy shores, rarely on

limestone; throughout.

Pittosporum reticosum Ridl., FMP1 137, FMi5 354, TFM2 309: shrub 3-5

m tall; montane forest 1000-1800 m; Tg, Ph, SI.

PLANTAGINACEAE

Plantago major L., C26 662; Plantago asiatica Michx., FMP2 225; herb;

waste ground; widespread.

403

404

163.

163.1.1

164.

164.1.1

165.

165.1.1

165.2.1

165.2.2

165.2.3

165.2.4

165.2.5

165.2.6

165.2.7

165.2.8

165.3.1

PLUMBAGINACEAE

Plumbago zeylanica L., FMP2 225, FMi4 109; straggling shrub to 2.5 m

long; open sites, roadsides; widespread.

PODOSTEMACEAE

Malaccotristicha malayana (J. Dransf. & Whitmore) C. Cusset & G. Cusset,

C34 175; Indotristicha malayana J. Dransf. & Whitmore, D37 154; creeping

herb with leafy shoots to 2 cm tall; on rocks submerged in fast-flowing

rivers; Tg, Ph; endemic.

POLYGALACEAE

Epirixanthes elongata Blume, FMP1 140, FM110 490; violet or red

saprophytic herb to 25 cm tall; lowland to montane forest; quite widespread.

Polygala cardiocarpa Kurz, FMP1 139 in part, FM110 463; herb to 25 cm

tall; on limestone; P. Langkawi.

Polygala chinensis L., FM110 478; herb to 75 cm tall; waste places; Pn.

Polygala glaucoides L., FM110 480; Polygala brachystachya (non Poit.)

Blume, FMP1 139; erect or prostrate herb to 40 cm tall; waste places; Sp.

Polygala malesiana Adema, FM110 463; Polygala cardiocarpa auct. non

Kurz, FMP1 139 in part; herb to 25 cm tall; on open limestone; Pk, Ph, SI.

Polygala oreotrephes B.L. Burtt, FMi10 467; Polygala monticola (non

Kunth) Ridl., FMP1 138; shrub 30-90 cm tall; rocky places in the mountains;

Pk, Phy SI

Polygala paniculata L., FM110 475, M47 480; erect herb to 50 cm tall; waste

places; Sp; naturalized from Tropical America.

Polygala polifolia Presl, FM110 476; erect or prostrate herb to 50 cm tall;

roadsides, waste places; Jh.

Polygala venenosa Juss. ex Poir., FMP1 138, FM110 468; Polygala pulchra

Hassk., FMP1 138; shrub to 5 m tall; lowland and hill forest; widespread.

Salomonia cantoniensis Lour., FMP1 139, FM110 487; small herb to 30 cm

tall; open grassy places; widespread.

Salomonia ciliata (L.) DC., FMP1 140, FM110 487; Salomonia oblongifolia

DC., FMP1 140; herb to 25 cm tall; open sandy places; P. Langkawi.

165.4.1

165.5.1

165.5.2

165.5.3

165.5.4

165.5.5

165.5.6

165.5.7

165.5.8a

165.5.8b

165.5.9

165.5.10a

Securidaca inappendiculata Hassk., FM110 483; Securidaca tavoyana Wall.

ex Benn., FMP1 141; Securidaca bracteata Benn., FMP1 141: liana; lowland

and hill forest to 1000 m; scattered.

Xanthophyllum affine Korth. ex Miq., FMP1 143 in part, TFM1 354 in part,

FM110 503; tree to 30 m tall, usually smaller; lowlands and mountains;

widespread.

Xanthophyllum amoenum Chodat, TFM1 356, FMi10 533; tree to 35 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Kl], Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1.

Xanthophyllum bullatum King, FMP1 144, TFM1 356, FMi10 501; shrub

or small tree to 5 m tall; moist sites in lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Sl; endemic.

Xanthophyllum chartaceum Meijden, FM110 539; Xanthophyllum sp. E,

TEM1 366; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Ph.

Xanthophyllum cockburnii Meijden, FM110 502; tree 20 m tall; lowland

forest; only known from type, Sg Anak Endau, Ph; endemic.

Xanthophyllum discolor Chodat, FMP1 147, TFM1 356, FM110 520; shrub

or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Jh, Sp.

Xanthophyllum ellipticum Korth. ex Mig., TFM1 357, FMi10 530;

Xanthophyllum kingii Chodat, FMP1 143; tree to 30 m tall; lowlands,

sometimes at much higher elevations; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, SI, Sp.

Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Mig. ssp. eurhynchum, FM110 525;

Xanthophyllum verrucosum Chodat, FMP1 147; Xanthophyllum maingayi

auct. non Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn., FMP1 360 in part; shrub or tree to 20 m

tall; lowland to mountains, forest understorey; widespread.

Xanthophyllum eurhynchum Mig. ssp. maingayi (Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn.)

Meijden, FM110 525; Xanthophyllum palembanicum auct. non Miq., FMP1

149; Xanthophyllum maingayi Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn., FMP1 360 in part;

lowland to mountains, forest understorey; widespread.

Xanthophyllum flavescens Roxb., FM110 500; Xanthophyllum affine auct.

non Korth. ex Miq., FMP1 143 in part, TFM1 354 in part; tree to 36 m tall;

lowlands and mountains; widespread.

Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn. ssp. angustifolium (Ng)

Meijden, FM110 513; Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f.ex A.W. Benn., FMP1

149 in part; Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn. var.

angustifolium Ng, TFM1 358; tree to 27 m tall; lower montane forest to

1400 m; Pk, SI, NS, MI.

405

406

165.5.10b

165.5.11

165.5.12

165.5.13

165.5.14

L6s25515

165.5.16

165517

165.5.18

165.5.19

165.5.20

165.5.21

165/922

Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn. ssp. erectum Meijden,

FM110 514; Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn., FMP1 149 in

part; Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn. var. griffith , TFM1

359; tree to 27 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI,

Sp.

Xanthophyllum lanceatum (Miq.) J.J. Sm., FM110 527; Xanthophyllum

glaucum Wall. ex Hassk., FMP1 147, TFM1 357; shrub or tree to 12 m tall;

swampy lowland forest usually near streams; Ps, P. Langkawi, Pn, KI], Pk,

Ph.

Xanthophyllum malayanum Meijden, FM110 526; Xanthophyllum sp. A,

TFM1 365; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Ph, Jh; endemic.

Xanthophyllum monticolum Meijden, FM110 514; Xanthophyllum griffithii

Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn. var. montanum Ng, FMP1 359; tree to 10 m tall;

lower montane forest at 1000-1500 m; Ph; endemic.

Xanthophyllum ngii Meijden, FM110 526; Xanthophyllum sp. C, TFM1 365;

tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, NS, M1.

Xanthophyllum obscurum A.W. Benn., FMP1,; 144, TFM1 361, FM110 536;

Xanthophyllum scortechinii King, FMP1 143, TFM1 363; tree to 47 m tall;

lowland forest; Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Xanthophyllum pubescens Meijden, FM110 504; Xanthophyllum sp. B,

TFM1 365; shrub or small tree to 12 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest;

Ph, Jh; endemic.

Xanthophyllum pulchrum King, FMP1 146, TFM1 361, FMi10 521; shrub

or small tree to 8 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Jh.

Xanthophyllum retinerve Meijden, FM110 524; tree to 12 m tall; Pk, Tg,

Ph; endemic.

Xanthophyllum rufum Benn., FMP1 145, TFM1 361, FM110 505; tree to 32

m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Sh.

Xanthophyllum stipitatum A.W. Benn., FMP1 145, TFM1 363, FM110 535;

tree to 50 m tall; lowland and hill forest, usually on ridges; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl,

NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Xanthophyllum sulphureum King, FMP1 145, TFM1 363, FM110 502; tree

30-50 m tall; lowland forest; KI, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Xanthophyllum venosum King, FMP1 144, FM110 525; Xanthophyllum

wrayi auct. non King, TFM1 363 in part; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk, SI.

165.5.23

165.5.24

165.5.25

166.

166.1.1

166.2.1

166.2.2

166.2.3

166.2.4a

166.2.4b

166.2.5

Xanthophyllum virens Roxb., FM110 528; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest;

K], Pk.

Xanthophyllum vitellinum (Blume) Dietr., FM110 514; Xanthophyllum

hookerianum King, FMP1; 144, TFM1 359; Xanthophyllum curtisii King,

FMP1 146; Xanthophyllum kunstleri King, FMP1 146, TFM1 359;

Xanthophyllum griffithii Hook.f. ex A.W. Benn. var. curtisii (King) Ng,

FMP1 359: tree to 30 m tall: lowland to lower montane forest; Pn, K1, Pk,

Ph, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Xanthophyllum wrayi King, FMP1 148, TFM1 363 in part, FMr10 525;

Xanthophyllum puberulum Ridl., FMP1 146; shrub or small tree to 10 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

POLYGONACEAE

Aconogonum molle (D. Don) var. frondosum (Meisn.) H. Hara, H17 172;

Polygonum paniculatum Blume, D01 233, $46 254; herb; montane forest

clearings; Gg Brinchang, Cameron Highlands, Ph.

Persicaria attenuata (R.Br.) Sojak ssp. pulchra (Blume) K.L. Wilson, W20

629; Polygonum tomentosum (non Schrank) Willd., FMP3 11; Polygonum

pulchrum Blume ssp. hallieri Danser, D01 157; herb to 60 cm tall; wet places

in open country; Ps, Pn, Pk, MI.

Persicaria barbata (L.) H. Hara var. gracilis (Danser) H. Hara, H17 175;

Polygonum barbatum L. ssp. gracile Danser, FMP3 11, D01 145; herb to 3

m tall; wet open spots in lowlands and hills; widespread; herb to 1 m tall;

ditches and other damp places; widespread.

Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H. Gross, H17 175; Polygonum

capitatum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, FMPS5 326; tufted wiry herb; waste ground

at the hill resorts; Pk, Ph; naturalized from India.

Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross var. chinensis, H17 175; Polygonum

chinense L., FMP3 12, D01 209; scrambling herb; damp waste ground in

lowlands and mountains; widespread.

Persicaria chinensis (L.) H. Gross var. ovalifolia (Meisn.) H. Hara, H17

175; Polygonum malaicum Danser, D01 218; Polygonum auriculatum

Meisn., V18 357; herb to 1.5 m tall; damp open places in the mountains;

Ph.

Persicaria dichotoma (Blume) Masam., W19 179; Polygonum dichotomum

Blume, D01 222; Polygonum pedunculare Meisn., FMP3 14; slender aquatic

herb to 30 cm tall; ditches and ponds; widespread.

407

408

166.2.6

166.2.7

166.2.8

166.2.9

166.2.10

166.2.11

166.2.1

166.2.2

167.

167.1.1

167.1.2

167.1.3

167.2.1

168.

168.1.1

Persicaria hydropiper (L.) Spach, H17 176, W19 179; Polygonum hydropiper

L. ssp. microcarpum Danser, FMP3 12, D01 187; herb to 50 cm tall; damp

sandy spots; KI, Ph, NS

Persicaria nepalensis (Meisn.) H. Gross, H17 177, T19 126; herb; damp open

places; Cameron Highlands, Ph; probably naturalized from Continental

Asia.

Persicaria orientalis (L.) Spach, W19 179; Polygonum orientale L., DO1 168,

TOS 131; herb; waste ground; Sp.

Persicaria pubescens (Blume) H. Hara, H17 177; Polygonum flaccidum auct.

non Roxb., FMP3 12; Polygonum pubescens Blume, D01 193; herb; damp

places; widespread.

The Malayan plants are probably var. acuminata (Franch. & Sav.) H. Hara.

Persicaria strigosa (R.Br.) Nakai, H17 178; Polygonum strigosum R.Br.,

FMP3 13, DO1 227; straggling herb to 1 m tall; once from Pn.

Persicaria tenella (Blume) H. Hara var. kawagoeana (Makino) H. Hara,

H17 178; Polygonum minus Huds. ssp. micranthum Danser, D01 176, FMP3

11; slender herb to 30 cm tall; wet places; Pk, Ph, SI.

Rumex crispus L., $48 255; herb; weed of tea plantation; Cameron

Highlands, Ph; naturalized from Europe.

Rumex patentia L., $48 255; herb; weed of tea plantation; naturalized from

Central Asia.

PORTULACACEAE

Portulaca oleracea L., FMP1 151, FMi7 129, M47 490; fleshy herb to 40 cm

tall; waste places, weed of cultivation; widespread.

Portulaca pilosa L., FMPS5 289, FMi7 131; herb to 30 cm tall; open sandy

places; Sl, Jh; naturalized.

Portulaca quadrifida L., FMP1 151, FMi7 127; small creeping herb; open

sandy ground, weed of cultivation; widespread.

Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn., FMi7 124, T05 131; semi-woody plant

to 70 cm tall; waste places; Sp; naturalized from tropical America.

PRIMULACEAE

Lysimachia peduncularis Wall. ex Kurz, FM16 182, C14 201; herb to 30 cm

tall; on open limestone; twice collected at Batu Ayam on P. Langkawi.

169.

169.1.1

169.1.2

169.1.3

169.1.4a

169.1.4b

169.1.5

169.1.6

169.1.7

169.2.1

169.2.2

169.2.3

169.2.4

169.2.5

PROTEACEAE

Helicia attenuata (Jack) Blume, FMP3 141, FMi5 186, TFM2 313: Helicia

suffruticosa Ridl., FMP3 141; shrub or small tree to 20 m tall; lowlands and

mountains near streams; Ps, Kd, KI, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh.

Helicia excelsa (Roxb.) Blume, FMP3 143 incl. var. forbesii Gamble & var.

salicifolia (Prain) Gamble, FM15 174, TFM2 315; Alseodaphne crassipes

Hook.f., FMP3 100; small tree to 10 m tall; lowland forests; Kd, Pk, SI, NS,

MI, Sp.

Helicia maxwelliana Gibbs, FMi15 178, TFM2 312: small tree to 3 m tall;

montane forest at 1200 m; one sterile specimen from Gg Padang, Tg.

Helicia petiolaris Benn. var. kingiana (Prain) Sleumer, FMi5 189, TFM2

315; Helicia kingiana Prain, FMP3 142; tree to 27 m tall; montane forests

650-1300 m; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl.

Helicia petiolaris Benn. var. petiolaris, FMP3 141, FMi5 188, TFM2 315;

shrub or small tree to 18 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 900 m; Kd, Pk, Sl,

NS, MI.

Helicia robusta (Roxb.) R.Br. ex Wall., FMP3 142, FMi5 184, TFM2 315:

small tree to 10 m tall; lowland and hill forest, mostly near streams; Kd, KI],

Tg, Ph, Sl, MI, Sh, Sp.

Helicia rufescens Prain, FMP3 142, FMi5 171, TFM2 315; tree to 27 m tall;

lowland and montane forest to 1700 m; Kd, KI, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Helicia serrata (R.Br.) Blume, FMi5 176, TFM2 316; Helicia curtisii Gamble,

FMP3 142; Helicia scortechinii Gamble, FMP3 143; tree to 8 m tall; hill

forest; Pn, Pk (one collection each).

Heliciopsis cockburnii Kochummen, TFM2 317; tree to 24 m tall; lowland

and hill forest to 800 m; Tg, Pk; endemic.

Heliciopsis montana Kochummen, TFM2 317; tree to 26 m tall; montane

forest about 1300 m; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Heliciopsis ruficula Sleumer, FMi5 192, TFM2 319; tree to 33 m tall; lowland

and montane forest to 1500 m; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Heliciopsis velutina (Prain) Sleumer, FMi5 191, TFM2 320; Helicia velutina

Prain, FMP3 143; tree to 23 m tall; lowland forests; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh;

endemic.

Heliciopsis whitmorei Kochummen, TFM2 320; tree to 21 m tall; lowland

and hill forest 200-700 m; Tg; endemic.

409

410

170:

170.1.1

170.1.2

170.2.1

170.2.2

yal

VAL eIl

Fale 7Zall

EZ.

i7/iles yl

7S 2

LZ:

WM 7PZellall

WIZE?

M22

W222,

RAFFLESIACEAE

Rafflesia cantleyi Solms, M29 210; Rafflesia hasseltii auct. non Suringar,

FMP3 19; parasite of Tetrastigma lianas; lowland forest; widespread;

endemic.

Rafflesia kerrii Meijer, M29 210; parasite of Tetrastigma lianas; lowland

forest.

Rhizanthes lowi (Becc.) Harms, M30 335; Brugmansia lowi Becc., FMP3

20; parasite of Tetrastigma lianas; lowland and hill forest; Tg, Pk, Ph.

Rhizanthes zippelii (Blume) Spach, M30 339; parasite of lianas; lowland

forest; once from near Chenderiang, Pk.

Plants similar to Rafflesia hasseltii Suringar [M29 210] have recently been

reported from the Gerik area of Perak [L14 185].

RANUNCULACEAE

Anemone sumatrana de Vriese, FMP5 286, E02 10; herb to 60 cm tall;

mountains; Cameron Highlands, Ph.

Clematis papillosa H. Eichler, E02 50; climber; once from near Taiping,

Pk.

Clematis smilacifolia Wall., FMP1 1, E02 44; slender climber; open places;

Pn, Jh.

Narayelia dasyoneura Korth., E02 58; Naravelia axillaris Ridl., FMP1 2;

slender climber; hedges in ricefields; once from Kangar, Ps.

Naravelia laurifolia Wall. ex Hook.f. & Thomson, FMP1 2, E02 54; climber;

lowland to montane forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI.

RHAMNACEAE

Colubrina asiatica L. ex Brongn., FMP1 465, TFM4 298; shrub to 3 m tall;

sandy and rocky shores; all coasts.

Colubrina beccariana Warb., $76 312; Colubrina anomala King, FMP1 465,

TEM4 298; small tree to 15 m tall; hill forest; Pk.

Gouania javanica Miq., FMP1 469; slender woody climber; open country;

MI northwards.

Gouania leptostachya DC., FMP1 469; slender woody climber; lowland

forest margins; scattered localities.

172.3.la

172.3.1b

17232

172.4.1

172.5.1

i Pes ws

172.5.3

172.5.4a

172.5.4b

172.6.1

172.6.2

172.6.3

172.6.4

172.6.5

172.7.1

272

LI2I3

Rhamnus borneensis Steenis var. borneensis, TFM4 299: tree to 12 m tall:

montane forest; Gg Jerai, Kd.

Rhamnus borneensis Steenis var. estellare Steenis, TFM4 299: Oreorhamnus

serrulata Ridl., FMP1 464: tree to 12 m tall: montane forest; Ph, SI.

Rhamnus nipalensis (Wall.) Lawson, TFM4 299; liana; lowland forest;

Taman Negara, Ph.

Sageretia thea (Osbeck) M.C. Johnst., TFM4 297; Sageretia parviflora Don,

FMP 1 464; scrambling shrub; exposed limestone: only known from Gua

Batu, Sl.

Smythea lanceata (Tul.) Summerh., $72 389; Smythea pacifica Seem., FMP1

468; liana; seashores; widespread.

Smythea lancifolia Ridl., FMP5 300; slender climber; lowland and hill forest:

Pn; ?endemic.

Smythea macrocarpa Hemsl., FMP1 468; liana; lowland forest; Pn, Pk.

Smythea yelutina (Ridl.) S.P. Banerjee & P.K. Mukh. var. kingiana, B09

251; Ventilago velutina Ridl., FMP1 467 in part; woody climber; Pk; endemic.

Smythea velutina (Ridl.) S.P. Banerjee & PK. Mukh. var. velutina, B09

251; Ventilago velutina Ridl., FMP1 467 in part; woody climber; Pk; endemic.

Ventilago gladiata Pierre, FMP1 467; woody climber; lowland forest, mostly

on limestone; KI], Pk, Ph.

Ventilago kurzii Ridl., FMP5 300; woody climber; P. Langkawi.

Ventilago maingayi Lawson, FMP1 467; woody climber; lowland forest

margins; widespread.

Ventilago malaccensis Ridl., FMP1 466; woody climber: lowland forest:

widespread.

Ventilago oblongifolia Blume, FMP1 467; stout woody climber: lowland

forest, also on limestone; widespread.

Ziziphus affinis Hems!., FMP 1 464, TFM4 300; prickly liana; lowland forest:

Ps, Kd, Pk.

Ziziphus angustifolia (Migq.) Hatus. ex Steenis, TFM4 300; small tree without

prickles; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, KI, Pk, Ph.

Ziziphus calophylla Wall. ex Hook.f, FMP 1 463, TFM4 300; prickly liana

or scandent shrub; lowland forests; throughout.

411

412

172.7.4

Wi 2EES

WIJ)

172.7.8

172.7.9

73:

See

W/SSIEZ,

I7SHES

173.1.4

I/SBIES

173.2.1

WBZ

1/323

Ziziphus elegans Wall., FMP1 463, TFM4 300; slender thorny climbing

shrub; lowland forest margins; Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Sp.

Ziziphus grewioides (Warb.) L.M. Perry, V15 595, TFM4 300 ‘grewiodes’;

prickly liana or scandent shrub; lowland forests; Ps, Kd, Pk.

Ziziphus horsfieldii Mig., FMP1 463, TFM4 300; slender thorny liana;

lowland forest; Sl, MI, Sp.

Ziziphus kunstleri King, FMP1 462, TFM4 300; thorny scrambling shrub;

lowland forests; throughout.

Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill., FMP1 462, TFM4 300; rambling thorny bush;

thickets and open country; throughout.

Ziziphus pernettyoides Ridl., FMP1 463; thorny scambling shrub; on

limestone; Ps, Kd, Pk, Sl; endemic.

RHIZOPHORACEAE

Bruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume, FM15 467, TFM4 310; Bruguiera

caryophylloides Blume, FMP1 695; tree to 23 m tall; muddy mangroves;

widespread.

Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lam., FMP1 695, FM15 461, TFM4 310; tree

to 36 m tall; mangroves, usually to the landward fringe; widespread.

Bruguiera hainesii C.G. Rogers, FM15 468, TFM4 310; tree to 33 m tall;

inland edge of mangrove; Sl, NS.

Bruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. ex Griff., FMP1 695, FM15 464,

TEFM4 310; tree to 24 m tall; inner side of mangrove forests; all coasts.

Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir., FMi5 463, TFM4 312; Bruguiera

eriopetala Wight & Arn. ex Arn., FMP1 695; tree to 33 m tall; mangroves,

usually to the landward fringe; all coasts.

Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr., FM15 485, TEM4 313; Carallia integerrima

DC., FMP1 696; Carallia scortechinii King, FMP1 697; Carallia spinulosa

Ridl., FMP1 698; Carallia lancaefolia Roxb., TFM4 315; tree to 33 m tall;

lowland and hill forest, also in swamps; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Carallia eugenioidea King, FMP1 697, FM15 484, TFM4 313; Carallia

montana Ridl., FMP1 697; Carallia euryoides Ridl., FMP1 698, TFM4 313;

shrub or small tree to 21 m tall; montane forests above 1200 m; KI, Pk, Ph.

Carallia suffruticosa Ridl., FMP1 698, FMi5 485, TFM4 315; shrub 2-3 m

tall; lowland forest; Tg, Pk, SI.

we

173.3.1

17332

173.4.1

1735.1

173.6.1

173.6.2

173-71

1737.2

V3.3

174.

174.1.1

174.2.1a

174.2.1b

174.3.1

Ceriops decandra (Griff.) W. Theob., FMi5 471, TFM4 316, M06 154; small

tree to 15 m tall; mangrove; East Coast.

Ceriops tagal (Pers.) C.B. Rob., FM15 469, TFM4 316; Ceriops candolliana

Arn., FMP1 694; tree to 15 m tall; mangrove; commoner on West Coast.

Gynotroches axillaris Blume, FMP1 698, FMi5 488, TFM4 317; small tree

exceptionally reaching 36 m tall; lowlands, including swamps, to mountains

at 1400 m; throughout.

Kandelia candel (L.) Druce, FMi5 473, TFM4 319; Kandelia rheedei Wight

& Arn., FMP1 694 ‘rheedii’; shrub or small tree to 7 m tall; banks of tidal

rivers; sporadic.

Pellacalyx axillaris Korth., FMP1 699, FMi5 493, TFM4 320; tree to 24 m

tall; damp or wet lowland or hill forest; widespread.

Pellacalyx saccardianus Scort., FMP1 699, FMi5 491, TFM4 320; tree to 30

m tall; lowland and hill forest to 900 m; widespread; endemic.

Rhizophora apiculata Blume, FMi5 452, TFM4 322; Rhizophora conjugata

auct. non L., FMP1 693; stilt-rooted tree to 30 m tall; mangrove gregarious

on soft estuarine mud; all coasts.

Rhizophora mucronata Lam., FMP1 693, FMi5 453, TFM4 322; stilt-rooted

tree to 30 m tall; gregarious mangrove of muddy or sandy shores; all coasts.

Rhizophora stylosa Griff., FMP1 693, FM15 456, TFM4 323; stilt-rooted

tree to 10 m tall; sandy and rocky shores; P. Langkawi, Ml, Jh, Sp.

ROSACEAE

Eriobotrya bengalensis (Roxb.) Hook.f, FMP1 681, TFM2 326, FMi11 309;

shrub or large tree to 27 m tall; offshore islands, limestone hills and

mountains; scattered widely.

Photinia integrifolia Lind. var. integrifolia, $59 190; shrub; montane forest

at 1550 m; Gg Ulu Kali, Ph.

Photinia integrifolia Lind. var. sublanceolata Miq., TFM2 323, FMr11 314;

shrub or small tree to 15 m tall; montane forest at 1200 m; once from Gg

Benom, Ph.

Potentilla indica (Andr.) Wolf, FM111 291; Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke,

K09 27; stoloniferous rosette herb; waste places; scattered; naturalized from

elsewhere in tropical Asia.

413

414

174.4.1a

174.4.1b

174.4.1c

174.4.2

174.43

174.4.4

174.4.5

174.4.6

174.4.7

174.4.8

174.5.1

Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman var. arborea, TFM2 338 in part, FMi11

332; Pygeum parviflorum Teijsm. & Binn., FMP1 675; Pygeum persimile

Kurz, FMP1 675; Pygeum griffithii Hook.f., FMP1 676; tree to 30 m tall;

lowland to lower montane forest at 1300 m; Pk, SI, NS, MI, Sp.

Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman var. densa (King) Kalkman, TFM2 338

in part, FMr11 332; Pygeum patens Ridl., FMP1 676; Pygeum ovalifolium

King, FMP1 677; Pygeum rubiginosum Ridl., FMP1 677; tree to 26 m tall;

lowland to lower montane forest at 1300 m; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Prunus arborea (Blume) Kalkman var. stipulacea (King) Kalkman, TFM2

338 in part, FMi11 332; Pygeum stipulaceum King, FMP1 673; tree to 20 m

tall; lowland to lower montane forest at 1300 m; Kd, Pk, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Prunus glabrifolia Kalkman, TFM2 338, FMi11 337; Pygeum scortechinii

King, FMP1 674; Pygeum brevifolium Hook.f., FMP1 676; shrub or small

tree to 15 m tall; montane forest; Pk, $1, MI, Jh.

Prunus grisea (Blume) Kalkman var. tomentosa (Koord. & Valeton)

Kalkman, TFM2 337, FMi11 339; Pygeum lanceolatum Hook.f., FMP1 674

incl. var. maingayi (Hook.f.) Ridl.; Pygeum hookerianum King, FMP1 676;

Pygeum velutinosum Ridl., FMPS5 306; shrub or small tree to 15 m tall;

lowland forest to 600 m; widespread.

Prunus javanica (Teijsm. & Binn.) Mig., TFM2 338, FMi11 328; Prunus

martabanica Kurz var. scortechinii King, FMP1 672; tree to 35 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, Pk, Ph.

Prunus lamponga (Miq.) Kalkman, TFM2 338, FMi11 340; Pygeum

coriifolium Ridl., FMP1 675; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest to 750 m; Pk,

Ph, Jh.

Prunus malayana Kalkman, TFM2 338, FMi11 341; tree to 30 m tall; lower

montane forest at about 1200 m; Tg, Ph, Pk; endemic.

Prunus polystachya (Hook.f) Kalkman, TFM2 339, FMi11 343; Pygeum

polystachyum Hook.f., FMP1 674; tree to 36 m tall; lowland forest; KI and

Pk southward.

Prunus wallichii Steud., TFM2 337, FMr11 329; small tree to 9 m tall;

montane forest; Tg, Ph.

Prunus odorata (M.R. Hend.) Whitmore [TFM2 338, FM111 349] remains

a dubious species.

Rubus alceifolius Poir., FMP1 677, FM111 268; Rubus hasskarlii auct. non

Miq., FMP 1 679 in part; scandent shrub; forest margins; mostly in the hills;

Pk, Ph.

174.5.2

174.5.3

174.5.4a

174.5.4b

174.5.4c

174.5.4d

174.5.5

174.5.6

174.6.1

175:

7511

1IS12

175.2:1

Rubus elongatus Sm., FMP1 679, FMi11 272: thorny climbing or scrambling

shrub; forest margins, roadsides; Pn, Pk, Sl, Jh.

Rubus glomeratus Blume, FMi11 272; weakly prickly scrambling shrub to

3 m tall; forest margins and clearings in the mountains; Pn, Pk.

Rubus moluccanus L. var. angulosus Kalkman, FMil1 278; Rubus angulosus

(non Gremli) Focke, FMP1 678; climbing and scrambling shrub; forest

margins, riverbanks; KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Rubus moluccanus L. var. discolor (Blume) Kalkman, FMil1 278: Rubus

hasskarlii Mig., FMP1 679 in part; climbing and scrambling shrub; forest

clearings; Pn, Ph.

Rubus moluccanus L. var. moluccanus, FMr11 278; Rubus glomeratus auct.

non Blume, FMP1 679; climbing and scrambling shrub; forest margins in

the lowlands and hills; P. Langkawi, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, Sp.

Rubus moluccanus L. var. obtusangulus Mig.. FMi11 278; climbing and

scrambling shrub; montane forest margins; Cameron Highlands, Ph.

Rubus niveus Thunb., FM111 264; shrub, sometimes scandent, to 2 m tall:

open places in the mountains; Fraser’s Hill, Ph; naturalized from continental

Asia.

Rubus sumatranus Mig., FM111 266; Rubus rosifolius auct. non Sm., FMP1

680; erect or scrambling shrub to 2 m tall; forest margins and waste places;

hills and mountains at 500-2000 m; Pk, Ph, SI.

Sorbus corymbifera (Mig.) Khep & Yakovlev, K20 1188; Pyrus granulosa

Bertol., FMP1 680, TFM2 340; Micromeles malayensis Ridl., FMP5 307;

Micromeles corymbifera (Mig.) Kalkman, FMr11 311; tree to 30 m tall,

starting life as an epiphyte; montane forest at about 1200 m; quite

widespread.

RUBIACEAE

Acranthera pulchella (Ridl.) K-M. Wong, W22 29; Gardenia pulchella Ridl.,

FMP2 81; Gardenia virescens Ridl., FMP2 81; subshrub; lower montane

forest; Pk, Ph: endemic.

Acranthera didymocarpa (Ridl.) K.M. Wong, W22 30: Gardenia

didymocarpa Ridl., FMP2 81; subshrub; hill forest; Sl, NS; endemic.

Aidia acuminata (Blume) K.M. Wong, R20 167: Randia binata King &

Gamble, FMP2 76; Gynopachis binata (King & Gamble) Tirveng., T14 283;

Aidia binata (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong, W26 18 in part; climber: Pk,

Jh.

415

416

175.2.2

i523

175.2.4

175.2.5

E26

W237

N7/sysili

175.4.1

175.4.2

NIB

175.6.1

175.6.2a

Aidia auriculata (Wall.) Ridsdale, R20 16; Randia auriculata (Wall.) Steud.,

FMP2 75; Anomanthodia auriculata (Wall.) Hook.f., T14 277; Aidia

corymbosa (Blume) K.M. Wong, W26 19; liana to 30 m long; lowland forest;

Kd, Pk, Sl, NS.

Aidia densiflora (Wall.) Masam., R20 150; Randia densiflora (Wall.) Benth.,

FMP2 75; Aidia wallichiana (Wall.) Tirveng., T14 263, TFM4 338; Aidia

cochinchinensis auct. non Lour., W26 10; small tree to 15 m tall; lowland to

montane forest; throughout.

Aidia impressinervis (King & Gamble) Ridsdale, R20 168; Randia

impressinervis King & Gamble, FMP2 77; Gynopachis impressinervis (King

& Gamble) Tirveng., T14 283; Aidia binata (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong,

W726 18 in part; strangling root climber; lowland forest; Pk.

Aidia lancifolia K.M. Wong, W26 20, R20 16, T14 271; Anomanthodia

lancifolia (K.M. Wong) Tirveng., 714 279; climber to 30 m long; once from

Jh.

Aidia parvifolia (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong, W26 16, T14 271, TFM4

338, R20 152; Randia densiflora (Wall.) Benth var. parvifolia King &

Gamble, FMP2 76; small tree to 10 m tall; hill forest; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn,

P. Tioman.

Aidia racemosa (Cav.) Tirveng., R20 149; tree to 15 m tall; on limestone.

Aidiopsis orophila (Miq.) Ridsdale, R20 176; Randia forbesii King &

Gamble, FMP2 76; Aidiopsis forbesii (King & Gamble) Tirveng., T14 288;

Aidia forbesii (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong, W26 17; epiphytic strangler

or free-standing shrub; lowland forest; Pk, Sl, Jh.

Aleisanthia rupestris (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 20, TFM4 339; shrub to 1 m tall;

quartzite ridges; only known from Klang Gates, Sl; endemic.

Aleisanthia sylvatica Ridl., FMP2 20, TFM4 339; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Ulu Kelantan; endemic.

Antirhea atropurpurea (Craib) Chaw ex K.M. Wong, W27 493, TFM4 339;

Timonius hirsutus (non Merr.) Ridl., FMP2 115; Timonius atropurpureus

Craib, C15 150; Guettardella atropurpurea (Craib) M.E. Jansen, J03 571;

shrub to 3 m tall; lowlands, mostly on limestone; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, Pk.

Argostemma acuminatissimum Ridl., FMPS5 315; erect herb to 20 cm tall;

hill forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma aequifolium Ridl. var. aequifolium, FMP2 25, B07 333;

creeping herb; montane streams; Mount Ophir, Ml; ?endemic.

175.6.2b

175.6.3

175.6.4

175.6.5

175.6.6

175.6.7

175.6.8

175.6.9a

175.6.9b

175.6.10

175.6.11

175.6.12

75:06:13

175.6.14

175.6.15

175.6.16

175.6.17

Argostemma aequifolium Rid. var. albociliatum (Ridl.) Bakh.f., B07 333:

Argostemma albociliatum Ridl., FMP2 25; creeping herb; mossy rocks; Gg

Tahan, Ph; ?endemic.

Argostemma bicolor King; herb to 10 cm tall; Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma bifolium Ridl., FMPS5 314; Argostemma pictum auct. non Wall.,

FMP2 24 in part; small herb; montane forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma curtisii King, FMP2 33; erect herb to 20 cm tall; in rocky

mountain streams; Gg Bujong Malacca, Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma debile Rid1., FMP2 32; succulent herb to 20 cm tall; montane

forest; Gg Mengkuang Lebah, SI; ?endemic.

Argostemma denticulatum Ridl., FMP2 32; erect herb to 30 cm tall; lower

montane forest; Genting Simpah, SI; ?endemic.

Argostemma diversifolium Ridl., FMP2 23; succulent herb to 1.5 m tall; on

limestone; collected once at Lenggong, Pk.

Argostemma elatostemma Hook.f. var. elatostemma, FMP2 26, B33 14;

creeping herb to 10 cm tall; hill forest; Pk, NS.

Argostemma elatostemma Hook.f. var. obovatum King, FMP2 26 ‘obovata’;

creeping herb; hill forest; Pn, Pk.

Argostemma elongatum Ridl., FMP2 34; succulent creeping herb; montane

forest near streams; Ph; ?endemic.

Argostemma enerve Ridl., FMP2 33; creeping herb to 20 cm tall; montane

forests; Gg Angsi, NS; ?endemic.

Argostemma grandiflorum Rid!., FMP2 33; ascending herb; montane forest;

Gg Kerbau, Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma hirsutum Ridl., FMP2 33; slender creeping herb; Gg Bintang,

Kd; ?endemic.

Argostemma hookeri King, FMP2 33; slender creeping herb to 15 cm tall;

hill and montane forest; Pn, Ph, Sl, Jh; ?endemic.

Argostemma humile Benn., FMP5 314; small herb to 10 cm tall; hill forest;

Penang Hill; endemic.

Argostemma inaequilaterum Benn., FMP5 314; Argostemma acuminatum

King, FMP2 23 in part; erect herb; on rocks, often limestone; Pn, Pk, SI.

Argostemma invyolucratum Hemsl., FMP2 28; creeping herb ascending to

25 cm; hill and montane forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI.

417

418

175.6.18a

175.6.18a

INS opiy)

175.6.20

175.6.21

175.6.22

1-75.6.23

175.6.24

SIGS

175.6.26

175.6.27

175.6.28

175.6.29

175.6.30

173516:31

175.6.32

Argostemma johorense Ridl. var. johorense, FMP2 31; herb to 25 cm tall;

lowland forest; Jh; ?endemic.

Argostemma johorense RidI. var. kelsallii Ridl., FMP2 32; herb to 25 cm

tall; forest; Bt Hitam, Sl; ?endemic.

Argostemma klossii Ridl., FMP2 28; erect herb to 15 cm tall; lowland and

hill forest; NS, Jh; ?endemic.

Argostemma lanceolatum RidI., FMP2 29; erect herb to 20 cm tall; montane

forest; Cameron Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Argostemma longifolium Benn., FMP5 315; Argostemma spinulosum C.B.

Clarke, FMP2 29; erect herb to 20 cm tall; montane forest; Pk, SI, Jh.

Argostemma longistipulum Ridl., FMP5 315; woody-stemmed herb to 20

cm tall; hill forest; NS, Jh; ?endemic.

Argostemma muscicola Ridl., FMP2 25; small creeping herb to 5 cm tall;

wet mountain rocks; Gg Tahan, Ph; ?endemic.

Argostemma nervosum Ridl., FMP2 27; creeping herb to 20 cm tall;

montane forest; Sl; ?endemic.

Argostemma neurosepalum Bakh.f., B07 331; Argostemma acuminatum

auct. non King, FMP2 23 in part; herb about 20 cm tall; on limestone rocks;

only known from Lenggong, Pk; endemic.

Argostemma nigrum M.R. Hend., H30 220; creeping herb; montane forest;

Gg Benom, Ph; ?endemic.

Argostemma nutans King, FMP2 24; succulent herb to 30 cm tall; hill forest;

Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma oblongum King, FMP2 31; herb to 15 cm tall; hill forests; Pk,

Sl, NS, Jh; ?endemic.

Argostemma ophirense Maing. ex Hook.f., FMP2 32, B33 18; herb to 25

cm tall; montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh.

Argostemma perakense King, FMP2 31; herb; Pk; ?very dubious species.

Argostemma pictum Wall., FMP2 24 in part; succulent herb to 15 cm tall;

damp rocks in montane forest; widespread.

Argostemma propinquum Ridl., FMP2 29; erect hairy herb to 10 cm tall;

forest; Tg, Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma reptans Ridl., FMP2 34; slender creeping herb to 10 cm tall;

in rocky streams; Gg Jerai, Kd; ?endemic.

ico

175.6.34

175.6.35

175.6.36

175.6.37

175.6.38

175.6.39

175.6.40

175.6.41

175.6.42

175.6.43

175.6.44

175.6.45

L757 1

175.8.1

175.8.2

175.8.3

175.8.4

Argostemma rugosum Rid!., FMP2 30; herb to 10 cm tall; montane forest;

Gg Mengkuang Lebah, Sl; ?endemic.

Argostemma stipulaceum Ridl., FMP2 30; herb to 30 cm tall; lowland forest;

Kuala Lebir, Kl; ?endemic.

Argostemma subcrassum King, FMP2 30; succulent herb to 45 cm tall; lower

montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Argostemma subinaequale Benn., FMP2 23; fleshy herb to 20 cm tall; Pk.

Argostemma tenue Ridl., FMP2 26; small tuberous herb; on rocks in

streams; NS; ?endemic.

Argostemma trichanthum Ridl., FMP2 29: small creeping herb; hill forest;

Sl; ?endemic.

Argostemma unifolioide King, FMP2 26; tuberous herb to 20 cm tall; on

rocks in hill forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma unifolium Benn., FMP2 26; tuberous herb to 20 cm tall; on

rocks in hill forest; Kd, Pn, MI, Jh; ?endemic.

Argostemma urticifolium King, FMP2 25; herb to 30 cm tall; montane

forest; Pk, Ph, SI.

Argostemma viscidum Ridl., FMP2 25; sticky herb to 15 cm tall; on rocks

near mountain streams; Cameron Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Argostemma wrayi King, FMP2 34; slender procumbent herb; montane

forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Argostemma yappii King, FMP2 24; succulent herb to 30 cm tall; on banks

in montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Brachytome scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 70, W26 22,T14 293, TFM4

340; shrub to 4 m tall; montane forest above 900 m; Kd, Pk, Ph.

Canthium aciculatum Ridl., FMP2 124, C15 142, TFM4 341; spiny shrub;

on limestone; Kd, KI, Pk; endemic.

Canthium cochinchinense Pierre ex Pit., TFM4 342 ‘cochinchinensis’; shrub

or small tree; open areas and rocky places near the sea; P. Langkawi, Tg.

Canthium confertum Korth., FMP2 125, TFM4 342: tree to 18 m tall;

lowland to lower montane forest; throughout.

Canthium congestiflorum Ridl., FMP2 126, TFM4 342; small tree; lowland

forest; Jh; endemic.

419

420

175.8.5

175.8.6

175.8.7

175.8.8

175.8.9

175.8.10

175.8.11

175.8.12

175.8.13

175.8.14

175.8.15

175.8.16

75y2)Al

175292

175.10.1

it 7S

Canthium depressinerve Ridl., FMP2 124, TFM4 341; shrub to 4 m tall;

lowland forest; throughout.

Canthium glabrum Blume, FMP2 124, TFM4 343; tree to 25 m tall; lowland

to montane forest; widespread.

Canthium hirtellum Rid!., FMP5 317, TFM4 342; thorny shrub; lowland to

lower montane forest; K1, Ph, Sl, NS, Sh.

Canthium horridum Blume, FMP2 123, TFM4 341; spiny scrambling shrubs;

lowland forest margins; throughout.

Canthium molle King & Gamble, FMP2 123, TFM4 341; spiny liana;

lowland forest; M1, Sp; endemic.

Canthium pauciflorum King & Gamble, FMP2 123, TFM4 342; shrub or

small tree to 4 m tall; Pk; endemic.

Canthium scabridum Ridl., FMP5 317, TFM4 342; spiny shrub; Kluang,

Jh; ?endemic.

Canthium strigosum Craib, TFM4 341; shrub to 1.5 m tall; lowland forest;

P. Langkawi.

Canthium strychnoides Craib; FMP4 342; shrub or small tree; lowland to

lower montane forest; KI, Tg.

Canthium sp. 1, TFM4 341; shrub or small tree to 5 m tall; lowland forest;

Pk, Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Canthium sp. 2, TFM4 342; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest;

P. Langkawi; ?endemic.

Canthium sp. 3, TFM4 342; climber; hill forest; Bt Pengantin, Jh; ?endemic.

Catunaregam spinosa (Thunb.) Tirveng., W26 25; Randia oocarpa Ridl.,

FMP2 71; thorny shrub or small tree; lowland forest; Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd,

To Pk eheSiNs:

Catunaregam tomentosa (Blume ex DC.) Tirveng., W26 26; Randia

tomentosa (Blume ex DC.) Hook.f., FMP2 72; large spiny shrub; open sandy

places; KI, Tg.

Ceriscoides perakensis (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong, W26 27, TFM4 343;

Randia perakensis King & Gamble, FMP2 72; small spiny tree to 5 m tall;

twice collected in Pk; endemic.

Chassalia bracteata Ridl., FMP2 143; shrub to 60 cm tall; lower montane

forest; Semangkok Pass, Sl; ?endemic.

[TFM4 344 says probably Cephaelis].

175M12

75113

175.11.4

7S 1S

W516

175.12.1

i753

173513:2

175.14.1

175.14.2

175.14.3

Msi syal

175.16.1

175.16.2

i Fespily/eik

Chassalia chartacea Craib, TFM4 344; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland to lower

montane forest; widespread.

Chassalia curviflora ( Wall.) Thwaites, FMP2 142, TFM4 344; shrub to 2 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn.

Chassalia longifolia (Dalzell) K.M. Wong, TFM4 344; Chassalia curviflora

(Wall.) Thwaites var. longifolia (Dalzell) Hook.f., FMP2 142; shrub to 2 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; K], Pn, Pk, Ph, Jh.

Chassalia minor Ridl., FMP2 142, TFM4 344: shrub to 2 m tall; montane

forest at 1200-1600 m; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Chassalia pubescens Ridl., FMP2 143, TFM4 344; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland

forest; KI, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Coelospermum truncatum (Wall.) Baill. ex K. Schum., FMP2 121, J13 277;

Coelospermum biovulatum C.B. Clarke ex Ridl., FMP2 121; Coelospermum

scandens Blume, FMP2 121; liana climbing to 15 m; forest margins;

widespread.

Coptophyllum bracteatum Korth., P27 18; Pomazota rivularis M.R. Hend.,

H33 411, B27 201; Coptophyllum capitatum auct. non Migq., FMP2 43; shrub

to 30 cm tall; hill forest; Pk, Sl, Jh.

Coptophyllum sylvestre (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T24 222; Pomazota sylvestris

Ridl., FMP2 43, B27 199; sparsely-branched herb to 10 cm tall; open places

in lowland forest; Ph.

Coptosapelta griffithii Hook.f., FMP2 17; liana; lowland forest; widespread.

Coptosapelta parviflora Ridl., FMP2 18; lofty liana; lowland forest; Pn, Sp.

Coptosapelta tomentosa (Blume) Valeton ex K. Heyne, K09 153;

Coptosapelta flavescens Korth., FMP2 17; high-climbing liana; lowland

forest; widespread.

Dentella repens (L.) J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., FMP2 44, M44 500; small

prostrate herb; waste places; widespread.

Diodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bremek., K09 153; herb to

1 m tall; waste places, forest margins; Sp; naturalized from tropical America.

Diodia sarmentosa Sw., FMP2 174; scrambling herb; damp waste places;

widespread; naturalized from tropical America.

Diplospora beccariana King & Gamble, FMP2 86, TFM4 345;

Discospermum beccarianum (King & Gamble) S.J. Ali & Robbr., A08 300;

tree to 15 m tall; wet lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Jh.

421

422

ASI

SAGES

175.17.4

1757-5

IF SSIEO

175.17.7

175.17.8

175.18.1a

175.18.1b

SoH

Wp

175.19.3a

175.19.3b

Diplospora kunstleri King & Gamble, FMP2 87, TFM4 345; Diplospora

pubescens auct. non Hook.f., FMP2 88; shrub or small tree to 4 m tall;

montane forest 1100-1400 m; Pk, Ph, MI; endemic.

Diplospora lasiantha Rid!., FMP2 88, TFM4 345; shrub; lowland to montane

forest; Pk, Ph, NS, Jh; ?endemic.

Diplospora majumdarii M.G. Gangop. & Chakrab., G02 86; tree/shrub;

lower montane forest; Pk; endemic.

Diplospora malaccensis Hook.f., FMP2 86, TFM4 346; tree to 18 m tall;

lowland to montane forest at 1500 m; throughout.

[not Diplospora according to A08 298].

Diplospora stylosa Ridl., TFM4 345; Coffea viridiflora Ridl., FMP2 111 in

part; shrub; lowland forest; Kd.

Diplospora velutina King & Gamble, FMP2 87, TFM4 345; small tree to 5

m tall; lower montane forest; Selama, Pk; endemic.

Diplospora wrayi King & Gamble, FMP2 87, TFM4 345, A08 300; Coffea

viridiflora Ridl., FMP2 111 in part; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland to lower

montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Fagerlindia fasciculata (Roxb.) Tirveng. var. fasciculata, T13 458, W26 29,

TEM4 346; Randia fasciculata (Roxb.) DC., FMP2 73; Randia hirsuta Rid1.,

FMP2 73; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ps, Kd, K1],

Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, Ml, Sh.

Fagerlindia fasciculata (Roxb.) Tirveng. var. parviflora (King & Gamble)

K.M. Wong, W26 31, TFM4 346; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn; endemic variety.

Gaertnera grisea Hook.f. ex C.B. Clarke, FMP2 431, V01 373, TFM4 347;

shrub or small tree to 5 m tall; lowland and hill forest; SI, Jh, Sp.

Gaertnera obesa Hook.f. ex C.B. Clarke, FMP2 431, V01 381, TFM4 347;

shrub to 4 m tall; damp lowland forest, often near rivers; Ml, Jh. Sp; endemic.

Gaertnera oblanceolata King & Gamble var. diversifolia (Ridl.) Beusekom,

V01 384; Gaertnera diversifolia Ridl., FMP2 430; Gaertnera intermedia RidL.,

FMP2 430; Gaertnera lanceolata Ridl., FMP2 430; Gaertnera rigida Ridl.,

FMP2 430; Gaertnera ovata Ridl., FMP2 431; Gaertnera latifolia Ridl.,

FMP5 323; Gaertnera oblanceolata King & Gamble, TFM4 347 in part; shrub

to 3 m tall; hill and montane forest to 1500 m; Ph, SI, NS.

Gaertnera oblanceolata King & Gamble var. oblanceolata, V01 384;

Gaertnera oblanceolata King & Gamble, FMP2 429, TFM4 347 in part; shrub

to 3 m tall; hill and montane forest to 1500 m; Pk, SI.

175.19.4

7S)

7 519:6

175.20.1

175.20.2

175.20.3

175.20.4

175.20.Sa

175.20.5b

175 21.1

WS 22.1

175231

175.23.2

WiSt23:5

Gaertnera schizocalyx Bremek., V01 372, TFM4 347; shrub to 1.5 m tall;

riverine or swampy lowland forest; a few times from Jh.

Gaertnera vaginans (DC.) Merr. ssp. junghuhniana (Miq.) Beusekom, V01

385, TFM4 348; Gaertnera sessiliflora Ridl., FMP2 427; Gaertnera acuminata

Benth., FMP2 427 incl. var. oxyphylla (Benth.) Ridl. and var. montana Rid1.;

Gaertnera caudata Ridl., FMP2 429; Gaertnera pedicellata Ridl., FMP2 429;

Gaertnera ramosa Ridl., FMP2 429; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland

to montane forest; throughout.

Gaertnera viminea Hook.f. ex C.B. Clarke, FMP2 427, V01 377, TFM4 348;

shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest; NS, Jh, Sp.

Gardenia carinata Wall., FMP2 82, TFM4 349; small tree to 15 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; commonest in the north.

Gardenia coronaria Buch.-Ham., W22 27, TFM4 349; small tree; only known

from P. Langkawi.

Gardenia griffithii Hook.f, FMP2 83, TFM4 349; small tree; lowland forest;

south of Malaya; ?endemic.

Gardenia pterocalyx Valeton, W22 27, TFM4 349; small tree to 5 m tall;

swamp forest, heath forest, hill forest; Tg, Ph.

Gardenia tubifera Wall. var. subcarinata Corner, TFM4 350; Gardenia

tubifera Wall., FMP2 82 in part; Gardenia resinifera Korth., FMP2 82; tree

usually 8-15 m but sometimes to 25 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, K1],

Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Gardenia tubifera Wall. var. tubifera, TFM4 350; Gardenia tubifera Wall.,

FMP2 82 in part; Gardenia elata Ridl., FMP2 83; Gardenia speciosa [non

Salisb.] (Hook.) Hook.f., FMP2 83; tree usually 8-15 m but sometimes to

25 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Gardeniopsis longifolia Miq., FMP2 112, TFM4 350; shrub or small tree to

8 m tall; lowland to montane forest; throughout.

Gentingia subsessilis (King & Gamble) J.T. Johanss. & K.M. Wong, J15

352, TFM4 425; Prismatomeris subsessilis King & Gamble, FMP2 117, TFM4

395; shrub to 4 m tall; montane forest above 1200 m; Pk, Ph, SI; endemic.

Geophila humifusa King & Gamble, FMP2 146; slender creeping herb; Pk;

endemic.

Geophila melanocarpa Ridl., FMP2 147; creeping herb to 10 cm tall; hill

forest; Pk, Sl; ?endemic.

Geophila pilosa H. Pearson, FMP2 146; long-creeping herb; lowland forest;

Sp.

423

424

175.23.4

W255

175.24.1

Ws253l

175.26.1

175.26.2

oe

WS 27

175.28.1

175.28.2

175.28.3

175.28.4

175.28.5

175.28.6

175.28.7

175.28.8

Geophila repens (L.) I.M. Johnst. var. asiatica (Cham. & Schltdl.) Fosberg,

F14 58; Geophila reniformis D. Don, FMP2 147; Geophila herbacea (Jacq.)

K. Schum; creeping herb to 10 cm tall; lowland forest; widespread.

Geophila scortechinii King, FMP2 148; creeping herb; Pk; ?endemic.

Greenea corymbosa (Jack) K. Schum., TFM4 351; Greenea jackii Wight &

Arn., FMP2 19; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; rocky coasts and hill ridges

to 700 m; widespread.

Guettarda speciosa L., FMP2 112, W27 496, TFM4 351; tree to 10 m tall;

sea shores; all coasts.

Gynochthodes coriacea Blume, FMP2 122; high-climbing lana; lowland

forest; NS, Sp.

Gynochthodes macrophylla Kurz, FMP2 122; liana; lowland to montane

forest; Pk.

Gynochthodes sublanceolata Miq., FMP2 122; slender liana; open country,

forest margins; widespread, commonest in the south.

Haldina cordifolia (Roxb.) Ridsdale, R16 361, TFM4 353; tree to 40 m tall;

lowland forest; once from Ps.

Hedyotis andamanica Kurz, FMP2 49; slender creeping herb; montane

forest; Gg Senyum, Ph.

Hedyotis auricularia L., FMP2 49; wiry herb to 60 cm tall; open places,

roadsides; widespread.

Hedyotis biflora (L.) Lam., F18 333, F16 65; Oldenlandia paniculata L.,

FMP2 53; Oldenlandia biflora L., H01 689; herb; waste places; Pn, Sp.

Hedyotis brachypoda (DC.) Sivar. & Biju, $26 672; Oldenlandia diffusa

auct. non (Willd.) Roxb., FMP2 54 in part; straggling herb; open sandy

places; Sp at least.

Hedyotis capitellata Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 46, F18 326; scrambling herb;

lowlands to mountains; common and widespread.

Hedyotis coronaria (Kurz) Craib, F18 320, C15 143; Hedyotis coronata Wall.

ex Hook.f. & B.D. Jacks., FMP2 48; slender decumbent herb 15-20 cm tall;

lowland and hill forest, often on limestone; north of Malaya.

Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam., F18 333, F16 67, M47 502; Oldenlandia

corymbosa L., FMP2 54, V38 308, H01 690; herb to 30 cm tall; common in

open sandy places; widespread.

Hedyotis cyanantha Kurz, F16 69; Hedyotis caerulia auct. non (L.) Hook.,

FMP2 52; wiry herb to 20 cm tall; Pn.

175.28.9

175.28.10

175.28.11

175.28.12

175.28.13

175.28.14

175.28.15

175.28.16

175.28.17

175.28.18

175.28.19

175.28.20

175.28.21

175.28.22

175.28.23

Hedyotis dichotoma Koenig ex Roth, F18 332: Oldenlandia dichotoma

(Koenig ex Roth) Hook.f., FMP2 53; much-branched herb to 30 cm tall:

garden weed and open sandy places; widespread.

Hedyotis diffusa Willd., F18 333, $26 672, M47 504; Oldenlandia diffusa

(Willd.) Roxb., FMP2 54 in part: straggling herb; open sandy places;

widespread.

Hedyotis flexuosa Ridl., FMP2 47; slender herb to 30 cm tall; on rocks in

lowlands and hills; Kd, M1, Jh; ?endemic.

Hedyotis globiceps Rid!., FMP2 47, F18 336; herb to 30 cm tall; damp places:

P. Langkawi.

Hedyotis havilandii King, FMP2 50; herb to 30 cm tall; Pn, Pk, Ph.

Hedyotis herbacea L., F18 335; Oldenlandia heynei (R.Br. ex Wight & Arm.)

G. Don, FMP2 54; Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb., V38 305; bushy herb

to 60 cm tall; open sandy places, often near the sea; widespread.

It is possible that this is really Hedyotis lancifolia Schumach. [V38 292].

Hedyotis insularis (Spreng.) Deb & R. Dutta, D20 285; Hedyotis glabra

R.Br. ex Wall., FMP2 48, F18 312; slender branched herb to 60 cm tall; dry

places in lowland and hill forest; Ps, Kd, Pn, Pk.

Hedyotis kunstleri King, FMP2 50; herb to 45 cm tall; near hill forest

streams; Ulu Kerling, Pk; ?endemic.

Hedyotis lindleyana Hook. ex Wight & Arn., F18 327; Hedyotis stipulata

R.Br. ex Hook.f, FMP2 48; slender creeping herb; on rocks in mountain

streams; Pk, Ph.

Hedyotis maingayi Hook.f, FMP2 46; herb to 30 cm tall; open grassy places

on mountains; Gg Ledang, Ml; ?endemic.

Hedyotis mollis Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 45; scandent herb; hill forest; north

of Malaya.

Hedyotis nitida Wight & Arm., FMP2 51; diffuse wiry herb; Pn, Pk.

Hedyotis ovatifolia Cav., F18 334; Oldenlandia nudicaulis Roth, FMP2 53;

Oldenlandia ovatifolia (Cav.) DC.,C15 145; Oldenlandia rosettifolia Geddes,

C15 146; small herb to 15 cm tall; on limestone; P. Langkawi.

Hedyotis pachycarpa Ridl., FMP2 50, F18 314; herb to 30 cm tall: damp

forest near the sea; K1.

Hedyotis patens Ridl., FMP2 46; herb to 60 cm tall: rocky slopes on

mountains; Gg Tahan, Ph; ?endemic.

425

426

175.28.24

175.28.25

175.28.26

175.28.27

175.28.28

175.28.29

175.28.30

17926331

175.28.32

175.28.33

175.28.34

175.28.35

175.28.36

175.28.37

175.28.38

175.29.1

Hedyotis peduncularis King, FMP2 47; herb; open grassy places on

mountains; Gg Jerai, Kd; ?endemic.

Hedyotis philippinensis (Willd. ex Spreng.) Merr. ex C.B. Rob., F18 315,

H01 716; Hedyotis congesta R.Br. ex G. Don, FMP2 51 incl. var. nicobarica

King; herb to 60 cm tall; lowland and hill forests; widespread.

Hedyotis pinifolia Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 52, F18 324; Oldenlandia pinifolia

(Wall. ex G. Don) K. Schum.; diffuse wiry herb; open sandy places;

widespread.

Hedyotis prainiana King, FMP2 45, F18 324; scandent herb; once from Telok

Bahang, Pn.

Hedyotis pterita Blume, F18 332; Oldenlandia alata (non Koenig) Roxb.,

FMP2 53; Oldenlandia pterita (Blume) Miq., C15 146; succulent herb to 30

cm tall; open places, garden weed, on limestone; Ps, MI.

Hedyotis pumila L.f., TOS 131; Oldenlandia pumila (L-.f.) DC., V38 307;

herb; weed of lawns and waste ground; Sp.

Hedyotis rivalis Ridl., FMP2 47; rheophytic herb to 1 m tall; on rocks in

river; Ph, Jh; endemic.

Hedyotis similis Geddes, F18 324; scandent herb; locality unclear.

Hedyotis stelligera Ridl., FMP2 47; herb to 60 cm tall; open sandy places;

once from Besut, Tg.

Hedyotis tenelliflora Blume, FMP2 51, F18 322; slender erect herb to 40

cm tall; open dry places; widespread.

Hedyotis tetranda (Roxb.) Craib, F18 315; Hedyotis macrophylla Wall. ex

Wight & Arn., FMP2 50; herb to 30 cm tall; sporadic.

Hedyotis trinervia (Retz.) Roem. & Schult., K09 155; Oldenlandia trinervia

Retz., FMP2 55; small prostrate herb; open sandy places; quite widespread.

Hedyotis verticillata (L.) Lam., F18 322, F16 81; Oldenlandia verticillata

L.; Hedyotis hispida Retz., FMP2 52; herb to 60 cm tall; open places; north

of Malaya.

Hedyotis vestita R.Br. ex G. Don, FMP2 49, F18 312, F16 82; Oldenlandia

vestita (R.Br. ex G. Don) Drake; herb to 1 m or more tall; open ground;

common and widespread.

Hedyotis viarum (Craib) Fukuoka, F18 331; herb; waste places; Pn, Sp.

Hydnophytum formicarum Jack, FMP2 172; large tuberous myrmecophytic

epiphyte; forest near the sea, also in the mountains; widespread.

175.30.1

17S 311

i731 2a

175.31.2b

i75S1.3

175.31.4

175.31°5

175.31.6

Wosie7

175.31.8

7531-9

175.31.10

i foo |

i /syeilel 2

epsileits)

Hymenodictyon orixense (Roxb.) Mabb.,M04 66, N11 224; Hymenodictyon

excelsum (Roxb.) Wall. ex DC., FMP2 18, TFM4 353; tree to 12 m tall:

lowland forest; P. Langkawi, Kd.

Hypobathrum coniferum (Ridl.) Bakh.f., K09 156; Petunga conifera Ridl.,

FMP2 85; Hypobathrum sp. 11, TFM4 355; tree to 9 m tall; lowland forest:

only known from type; Botanic Gardens’ Jungle, Sp; endemic.

Hypobathrum longifolium (DC.) K.M. Wong var. hirtum (Ridl.) K.M.

Wong, TFM4 354 ‘hirta’; small tree to 4 m tall; lowland to hill forest; K1],

Pk, Ph.

Hypobathrum longifolium (DC.) K.M. Wong var. longifolium, TFM4 354;

Petunga longifolia DC., FMP2 84; small tree to 4 m tall; lowland to hill

forest; K], Pn, Pk, Ph.

Hypobathrum microcarpum (Blume) Bakh.f., TFM4 355; small tree;

lowland forest; once from Ps.

Hypobathrum racemosum (Roxb.) Kurz, TFM4 355; Petunga roxburghii

DC., FMP2 84; Petunga floribunda (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 85; small

tree to 12 m tall; wet lowland forest; widespread.

Hypobathrum venulosum (Hook.f.) K.M. Wong, TFM4 355; Petunga

venulosa Hook.f., FMP2 85; tree to 6 m tall; lowland and hill forest;

widespread; ?endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 1, TFM4 355; Diplospora minutiflora Ridl., FMP2 87;

small tree to 4 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Chaning, Kl; Kuala Lompat,

Ph: endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 2, TFM4 355; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, MI;

endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 3, TFM4 355; small tree to 11 m tall; lowland forest; Ph,

MI; ?endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 4, TFM4 355; small tree; swampy lowland forest; Pk, Jh;

? endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 5, TFM4 355; small tree to 4 m tall; Tasek Bera, Ph;

?endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 6, TFM4 355; shrub to 2 m tall; Kluang, Jh; ?endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 7, TFM4 354; shrub or small tree; lowland forest; Lemoi,

Ph; ?endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 8, TFM4 355; small tree to 4 m tall; lowland forest; K],

Tg; ?endemic.

427

428

175.31.14

17 SSIES

WSysYAil

MSZ 2

i75:323

175.32.4

175.32.S5a

175.32.5b

175.32.6a

175.32.6b

D327),

175.32.8a

175.32.8b

175329

Hypobathrum sp. 9, TFM4 355; shrub; hill forest at 700 m; Gg Tapis, Ph;

endemic.

Hypobathrum sp. 10, TFM4 355; shrub to 2 m tall; swampy forest; Mawai,

Jh; ?endemic.

Ixora brunonis Don, FMP2 91, TFM4 356: shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pn, Pk.

Ixora clerodendron Rid!., FMP2 91, TFM4 358; /xora pumila Ridl., FMP2

91; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland forest, also on limestone; Kd, Tg, Ph; endemic.

Ixora concinna Hook.f., FMP2 95, TFM4 360; shrub to 8 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; throughout.

Ixora congesta Roxb., FMP2 93, TFM4 361; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; throughout.

Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi var. grandifolia, FMP2 97, TFM4 364;

Ixora fluminalis Ridl., FMP2 97; Ixora crassifolia (non Merr.) Ridl., FMP2

98; Ixora elliptica Ridl., FMP2 98; Ixora ridleyi Merr., M28 132; shrub or

tree to 18 m tall; lowland and hill forest; throughout.

Ixora grandifolia Zoll. & Moritzi var. lancifolia Corner, TFM4 364; shrub

or tree to 18 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kl, Tg, Pn, Ph, NS, MI, Jh.

Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. var. javanica, TFM4 360; /xora stricta auct.

non Roxb., FMP2 94 in part incl. var. amoena (Don) Ridl.; shrub to 4 m

tall; lowland and hill forest, often cultivated; widespread.

Ixora javanica (Blume) DC. var. retinervia Corner, TFM4 360; shrub or

small tree to 9 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; widespread; endemic

variety.

Ixora kingstonii Hook.f., TFM4 358; shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; swampy

lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, M1, Jh; endemic.

Ixora lobbii King & Gamble var. lobbii, FMP2 93 incl. var. angustifolia

King & Gamble, TFM4 361; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; lowland to

montane forest at 1200 m; thoughout.

Ixora lobbii King & Gamble var. stenophylla Corner, TFM4 361; /xora

stenophylla sensu Ridl., FMP2 94; shrub to 2 m tall; rocky stream banks in

lowland forest; widespread.

Ixora micrantha Ridl., FMP2 98, TFM4 360; /xora patens Ridl., FMP2 98;

Ixora undulata auct. non Roxb., FMP2 98; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall;

hill and montane forest above 700 m; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

175.32.10a

175.32.10b

175.32.11a

175.32.11b

175.32.12

175.32.13a

175.32.13b

175.32.14a

175.32.14b

1753321

175.34.1

175.34.2

£7535.1

175.36.1

LW foe fa

429

Ixora nigricans Wight & Arn. var. nigricans, TFM4 359; /xora arguta King,

FMP2 92; Ixora plumea Ridl., FMP2 92; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland forest,

also on limestone; widespread.

Ixora nigricans Wight & Arn. var. ovalis Pit., TFM4 359; shrub to 3 m tall;

lowland forest, also on limestone; Kd, K], Pn, Pk.

Ixora pendula Jack var. montana (Ridl.) K.M. Wong, TFM4 359: [xora

montana Ridl., FMP2 97; shrub to 7 m tall: montane forest above 1200 m:

Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic variety.

Ixora pendula Jack var. pendula, FMP2 95 incl. var. opaca (Don) Ridl.,

TEFM4 359: [xora candida Ridl., FMP2 95; Ixora diversifolia sensu King &

Gamble, FMP2 96; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland and hill forest

to 600 m; throughout.

Ixora robinsonii Ridl., FMP2 92, TFM4 360; shrub or small tree to 7 m tall:

montane forest about 1100 m; KI, Tg, Ph; endemic.

Ixora scortechinii King & Gamble var. caulescens Corner, TFM4 358; shrub

to 4 m tall; lowland forest; K1, Pk, Ph, SI.

Ixora scortechinii King & Gamble var. scortechinii, TFM4 357; xora humilis

King & Gamble, FMP2 94 incl. var. scortechinii Ridl.; shrub to 1 m tall;

lowland forest; KI, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, MI; endemic variety.

Ixora umbellata Koord. & Valeton var. multibracteata (H. Pearson ex King

& Gamble) Corner, TFM4 358; Jxora multibracteata H. Pearson ex King &

Gamble, FMP2 92; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Pk.

Ixora umbellata Koord. & Valeton var. umbellata, TFM4 358: shrub to 4m

tall; lowland and hill forest, also limestone; throughout.

Jackiopsis ornata ( Wall.) Ridsdale, R18 296, TFM4 364: Jackia ornata Wall.,

FMP2 89; tree to 35 m tall; lowlands swamps or near rivers; widespread.

Kailarsenia campanula (Ridl.) Tirveng.. T13 464: Randia campanula Ridl.,

FMP2 81; shrub to 2 m tall; open sandy places; Ps, Ph.

Kailarsenia tentaculata (Hook-f.) Tirveng., T13 464; Gardenia tentaculata

Hook.f., FMP2 80: shrub to 1.5 m tall; river banks; widespread.

Keenania modesta Hook.f., H35 107; subshrub; once from Ps.

Klossia montana Ridl., FMP2 43: herb to 50 cm tall: montane forest; Ph,

Sl; endemic.

Knoxia corymbosa L., FMP2 177; erect herb; open grassy places; Pn, MI.

430

IMS ster

175.38.2

7538S

I/S-8)AL

175392

L7S39'3

175.39.4

175.39.5

175.39.6

7/a).3!2).J/

WRyer Re)

1523929

175.39.10

S39 ral

WS S9N2

Kochummenia parviflora K.M. Wong, W26 34, TFM4 366; shrub; lowland

forest; twice from Tg; endemic.

Kochummenia stenopetala (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong, W26 32, TFM4

366; Randia stenopetala (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 79; shrub; lowland

and hill forest; Pk; endemic.

Kochummenia sp., TFM4 366; shrub to 2 m tall; once from Tg; endemic.

Lasianthus angustifolius King & Gamble, FMP2 161, TFM4 368; Lasianthus

stercorarius auct. non Blume, FMP2 166; shrub; lowland and montane forest

to 1500 m; Kd, Pk, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Lasianthus appressus Hook.f, FMP2 156, TFM4 371; shrub to 3 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus attenuatus Jack, FMP2 156, TFM4 367: shrub to | m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Pk, Ph, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus barbellatus Ridl., FMP2 164, TFM4 368; shrub to 1 m tall;

lowland forest; P. Tioman, P. Pemanggil.

Lasianthus biflorus (Blume) M.G. Gangop. & Chakrab., G05 338;

Lasianthus gracilis King & Gamble, FMP2 169, TFM4 367; shrub about 1

m tall; lowland and hill forest; P. Langkawi, Pk, Ph.

Lasianthus bractescens Ridl., FMP2 154, TFM4 370; shrub to 2 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Pk, Sl; endemic.

Lasianthus conspicuus Ridl., FMP2 167, TFM4 369; shrub to 2 m tall;

montane forest at 1200 m; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Lasianthus constrictus Wight, FMP2 163, TFM4 369; shrub to 2 m tall;

throughout.

Lasianthus curtisii King & Gamble, FMP2 161, TFM4 369; Lasianthus

pseudolucidus King, FMP2 168; shrub to 2 m tall; hill and montane forest

to 1700 m; Pn, Pk; endemic.

Lasianthus cyanocarpus Jack, FMP2 153, TFM4 370; shrub to 1 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 1100 m, sometimes on limestone; throughout.

Lasianthus densifolius Mig., FMP2 156 incl. var. calycinus King and var.

latifolius King, TFM4 368; shrub or small tree to 5 m tall; lowland and hill

forest; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus ellipticus Wight, FMP2 159, TFM4 372; shrub; lowland and hill

forest; Pn, Jh, Sp; endemic.

175.39.13a

175.39.13b

175.39.14

175.39.15

175.39.16

S397

175.39.18

i799

175.39.20

WS3921

75-39-22

17539:23

175.39.24

Lasianthus filiformis King & Gamble var. bracteatus King & Gamble, TFM4

367 ‘bracteata’; Litosanthes filiformis (King & Gamble) Deb & M.G.

Gangop. var. bracteata (King & Gamble) Deb & M.G. Gangop., D22 222:

shrub to 1 m tall; lowland and hill forest, including swamps; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI,

NS; endemic.

Lasianthus filiformis King & Gamble var. filiformis, FMP2 169, TFM4 367;

Litosanthes filiformis (King & Gamble) Deb & M.G. Gangop. var. filiformis,

D22 222; shrub to | m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Lasianthus foxworthyanus Craib, TFM4 369; shrub to 2 m tall; KI.

Lasianthus glaber Ridl., FMP2 155, TFM4 373; shrub; lowland forest

including swamps; K1, Pk, Ph, NS, Sp; endemic.

Lasianthus griffithii Wight, FMP2 152 incl. var. latibracteatus King &

Gamble, TFM4 371: shrub or small tree to 4 m tall: lowland and hill forest:

KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus harveyanus King & Gamble, FMP2 162, TFM4 370; shrub;

montane forest; Pk, Ml; endemic.

Lasianthus inaequalis Blume, FMP2 155, TFM4 370; Lasianthus

subinaequalis King & Gamble, FMP2 155; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS.

Lasianthus lowianus King & Gamble, FMP2 167, TFM4 368; Lasianthus

glaberrimus Ridl., FMP2 166; Amaracarpus caudatus Ridl., FMP2 172;shrub

to 2 m tall; lowland and montane forest to 1500 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph,

SI, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus maingayi Hook.f., FMP2 160 incl. var. subglabrus (King) Ridl.,

TFM4 369; shrub or small tree to 3 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kl, Tg,

Pk, Ph, SI, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus malaccensis King & Gamble, FMP2 165, TFM4 368; shrub or

small tree to 3 m tall; hill tops and montane forest at 600-2100 m; KI, Tg,

Ph, NS, Ml, Jh; endemic.

Lasianthus mollis Ridl., FMP2 158, TFM4 373: shrub to 2 m tall; lowland

forest; Ml: endemic.

Lasianthus montanus King & Gamble, FMP2 163, TFM4 373; Lasianthus

coronatus King & Gamble, FMP2 157; Lasianthus caudiculatus Ridl., FMP2

167; shrub to 3 m tall; montane forest at 1200-1500 m; Pk; endemic.

Lasianthus myrtifolius Ridl., FMP2 161, TFM4 369; shrub to 2 m tall:

montane forest above 1300 m; Cameron Highlands, Ph; endemic.

43]

432

173925

175.39.36

IWS: 9:27],

WIS3928

1753929

175.39.30a

175.39.30b

175.39.31

175.39.32

525933

175.39.34

1753935

175.39.36

Lasianthus nervosus King & Gamble, FMP2 163, TFM4 367; shrub about 1

m tall; montane forest above 1500 m; Pk, Sl; endemic.

Lasianthus oblongus King & Gamble, FMP2 166, TFM4 368; shrub or small

tree to 9 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1200 m; Kd, Pk, Sl; endemic.

Lasianthus pendulus Ridl., FMP2 168, TFM4 372; Litosanthes pendula

(Ridl.) Deb & M.G. Gangop., D22 222 ‘pendulus’; shrub to 4 m tall; montane

forests at 1500-1900 m; Cameron Highlands and Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Lasianthus perakensis King & Gamble, FMP2 160, TFM4 372; Lasianthus

flavinervius Ridl., FMP2 162; shrub or small tree to 4 m tall; lowland to

mointane forest; Kd, K1, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Lasianthus pergamaceus King & Gamble, FMP2 164, TFM4 369; Lasianthus

chinensis auct. non Benth., FMP2 164; Lasianthus longifolius auct. non

Wight, FMP2 164 in part; Lasianthus crassifolius Ridl., FMP2 165; shrub

or small tree; hill and montane forest to 1700 m; K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Lasianthus pilosus Wight var. angustifolius King & Gamble, FMP2 157

‘angustifolia’, TFM4 372; shrub; lowland and hill forest; Pk, SI, MI.

Lasianthus pilosus Wight var. pilosus, FMP2 157, TFM4 370; Lasianthus

hirtus Ridl., FMP2 156; Lasianthus ferrugineus King & Gamble, FMP2 158;

Lasianthus robustus King & Gamble, FMP2 165; shrub or small tree to 7 m

tall; lowland forests; throughout.

Lasianthus politus Ridl., FMP2 158, TFM4 372; shrub or small tree to 6m

tall; hill and lower montane forest to 1100 m; Ph, Sl, NS; endemic.

Lasianthus pterospermus Wight, FMP2 160, TFM4 368; Lasianthus

longifolius auct. non Wight, FMP2 164 in part; shrub or small tree to 3 m

tall; lowland and hill forest to 1200 m; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Lasianthus retosus Wight, TFM4 371; Lasianthus pilosus Wight var. retosus

(Wight) Ridl., FMP2 157 ‘setosus’; shrub; lowland and hill forest; Pk, NS,

MI; endemic.

Lasianthus rhinocerotis Blume, FMP2 154, TFM4 372; shrub; montane

forest; 1200-1800 m; Pk, Ph, Sl.

Lasianthus ridleyi King & Gamble, FMP2 154, TFM4 371; Lasianthus

singaporensis King & Gamble, FMP2 159; Lasianthus maingayi Hook.f.

var. hirtus Ridl., FMP2 160 ‘hirta’; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland and hill forest

including swamps; Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Lasianthus robinsonii Ridl., FMP2 169, TEFM4 373; Litosanthes robinsonii

(Ridl.) Deb & M.G. Gangop., D22 222; shrub to 2 m tall; montane forest at

about 1200 m; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

175.39.37

175.39.38

175.39.39

175.39.40a

175.39.40b

175.39.41

175.39.42

175.39.43

175.39.44

175.39.45

175.39.46

175.39.47

175.39.48

175.39.49

175.39.50

I 7foysh2eyl|

Lasianthus salicifolius Ridl., FMP2 166, TFM4 367: shrub; montane forest

above 1500 m; Ph, Sl; endemic.

Lasianthus scabridus King & Gamble, FMP2 152, TFM4 370; shrub to 2m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Ml, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus scalariformis King & Gamble, FMP2 167, TFM4 369; Litosanthes

scalariformis (King & Gamble) Deb & M.G. Gangop., D22 222; shrub to 2

m tall; montane forest at 1800-2200 m; Main Range, Gg Tahan.

Lasianthus stipularis Blume var. hirtus Ridl., FMP2 153, TFM4 370; shrub

te 2 m tall; lowland forest, also on limestone; Sl; endemic variety.

Lasianthus stipularis Blume var. stipularis, FMP2 152, TFM4 368; shrub to

2 m tall; lowland and hill forest; KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Lasianthus subaureus Craib, TFM4 368; shrub; hill and lower montane

forest; P. Langkawi, Jh.

Lasianthus subspicatus King & Gamble, FMP2 168, TFM4 373; Litosanthes

subspicata (King & Gamble) Deb & M.G. Gangop., D22 223 ‘subspicatus’;

small tree; montane forest; Pk, Pn.

Lasianthus tomentosus Blume, FMP2 161, TFM4 371; Lasianthus chryseus

Ridl., FMP2 158; shrub or small tree to 5 m tall; lowland and hill forest;:Tg,

Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Sh, Sp.

Lasianthus velutinus Rid!., FMP2 159, TFM4 372: shrub to 1 m tall; lowland

forest; KI, Tg; endemic.

Lasianthus villosus Rid!., FMP2 168, TFM4 371; Litosanthes villosa (Ridl.)

Deb & M.G. Gangop., D22 223 ‘villosus’; shrub; lowland forest; Tapah, Pk;

endemic.

Lasianthus wrayi King & Gamble, FMP2 162, TFM4 369; shrub or small

tree; hill forest at 600-900 m; Kd, Ph; endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 1, TFM4 367; shrub about 1 m tall; lowland forest; Ph;

endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 2, TFM4 370; small tree to 5 m tall; lowland forest; Sg

Petuang, Tg; endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 3, TFM4 370; shrub; lowland forest; Gali, Ph; endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 4, TFM4 371; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland forest; KI, Ph, Sl,

NS; endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 5, TFM4 371; shrub; lowland forest; P. Tioman; endemic.

433

434

ISS 9152

175.39'53

175.39.54

175.40.1

175.41.1

175.41.2

175.41.3

175.41.4

175.42.1

175.43.1

175.43.2

175.44.1

175.45.1

175.45.2

175.46.1

175.46.2

175.46.3

Lasianthus sp. 6, TFM4 372; shrub to 3 m tall; montane forest at 1500-1900

m; Tg, Ph; endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 7, TFM4 372; shrub to 3 m tall; hill forest; Pk, Sl; endemic.

Lasianthus sp. 8, TFM4 373; shrub; lowland forest; Ph, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Lecananthus erubescens Jack, FMP2 57; epiphytic shrub; wet lowland forest;

widespread.

Lucinaea membranacea King, FMP2 56; slender climber; lowland and

montane forest; widespread.

Lucinaea morinda DC.; scandent shrub; open sandy spots; widespread.

Lucinaea paniculata King, FMP2 56; climber; Pk; ?endemic.

Lucinaea ridleyi King, FMP2 56; epiphytic climber; montane forest; Pk.

Metadina trichotoma (Zoll. & Moritzi) Bakh.f., R16 374, TFM4 374; Adina

polycephala Benth., FMP2 10; tree to 40 m tall; hill and montane forests to

1300 m; scattered.

Meyna grisea (King & Gamble) Robyns, TFM4 375; Vangueria grisea (King

& Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 126; shrub or small spiny tree; open sandy places;

Ps, P. Langkawi.

Meyna sp., TFM4 375; shrub or small spiny tree; lowland and secondary

forest; KI, Tg.

Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC., T19 127; Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) DC., M47

506; erect or spreading herb to 40 cm tall; sandy waste ground; SI, Jh, Sp;

naturalized from tropical America.

Mitragyna diversifolia (Wall. ex G. Don) Havil., R17 65, TFM4 375;

Mitragyne parvifolia auct. non (Roxb.) Korth., FMP2 6; small tree; Ps.

Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil., FMP2 6, R17 65, TFM4 375; tree to 25

m tall; wet lowland forest; KI, Pk, Ph, SI.

Morinda calciphila K.M. Wong, W25 97, TFM4 377; climber; on limestone;

P. Langkawi, Kd, KI], Pk, Sl; endemic.

Morinda citrifolia L., FMP2 117,W25 94, TFM4 376; tree to 9 m tall; lowland

forests and rocky coasts, often cultivated; scattered.

Morinda corneri K.M. Wong, W25 96, TFM4 376; small tree to 5 m tall;

forest margins and secondary forest in the lowlands; Tg, Ph; endemic.

175.46.4

175.46.5

175.46.6

175.46.7

175.46.8

175.46.9

175.46.10

175.47.1

175.47.2

175.47.3

175.47.4

175.47.5

175.47.6

175.47.7

175.47.8

175.47.9

175.47.10

Morinda elliptica (Hook.f.) Ridl., FMP2 118, W25 94, TFM4 377; tree to

16 m tall; lowland secondary forest and forest margins; widespread and

common.

Morinda hispida K.M. Wong, W30 269, TFM4 377; climber; heath forest;

only known from type, Padang Temambun, Jh; endemic.

Morinda lacunosa King & Gamble, FMP2 119, W25 95, TFM4 377; liana;

hill forest; a few collections from Pk.

Morinda ridleyi (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 118, W25 96, TFM4 377;

liana; lowland forest; south of Malaya; endemic.

Morinda rigida Mig., FMP2 118, W25 95, TFM4 377; liana; lowland to

montane forest; widespread and common.

Morinda scortechinii (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 118, W25 95, TFM4

377: liana; lowland forest; a few collections from Pk and Ph; endemic.

Morinda umbellata L., FMP2 119, W25 95, TFM4 377; climber; sea shores

to mountains; widespread.

Mussaenda angustisepala Ridl., FMP2 60; large climber; forest margins;

north of Malaya; ?endemic.

Mussaenda cordifolia Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 62: climbing shrub; hill forest;

widespread.

Mussaenda glabra Vahl, FMP2 61; shrub or climber; common in secondary

forests; widespread.

Mussaenda malaccensis Ridl., FMP2 59: shrub; lowland forest; MI:

?endemic.

Mussaenda mutabilis Hook.f., FMP2 58; scrambling shrub; lowland to

montane forest; widespread.

Mussaenda oblonga King, FMP2 62; large shrub; hill forests; widespread.

Mussaenda polyneura King, FMP2 62; large climber; hill forest; Pk.

Mussaenda purpurascens Rid]., FMP2 61; scrambling shrub; montane forest;

Sl; ?endemic.

Mussaenda spectabilis Ridl., FMP2 59; shrub; lowland forest; P. Tioman;

endemic.

Mussaenda villosa Wall. ex Hook.f., FMP2 60; shrub; lowland and hill forest;

widespread.

435

436

175.47.11

175.48.1

175.49.1

175.49.2

175.49.3

175.49.4

175.50.1

See

LS -ole2

WstsSel

IPSS S53!

Mussaenda wrayi King, FMP2 59; scandent shrub; montane forest;

widespread.

Mussaendopsis beccariana Baill., FMP2 19, TFM4 378; tree to 35 m tall;

swampy lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Mycetia cauliflora Reinw., TFM4 379; Mycetia scortechinii (King & Gamble)

Ridl., FMP2 63; shrub or small tree to 3 m tall; hill forest to 700 m; Ph, SI.

Mycetia flava (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 64, TFM4 379; shrub; hill to lower

montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Mycetia lanceolata (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 64, TFM4 379; shrub; montane

forest at 1000-1600 m; Ph, SI.

Mycetia malayana (Wall. ex Ridl.) Craib, TFM4 379; Adenosacme malayana

Wall. ex Ridl., FMP2 63; shrub or small tree to 4 m tall; lowland and hill

forest, also on limestone; Pn, Pk, Ph, SI, NS.

Myrmecodia tuberosa Jack, FMP2 173, H58 276; spiny ant-inhabited

tuberous epiphyte; lowland forest, usually near the sea; KI, Pk, Ph, Sp.

Nauclea officinalis (Pierre ex Pit.) Merr. & Chun, R16 328, TFM4 380;

Sarcocephalus junghuhnii auct. non Miq., FMP2 7; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; throughout.

Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud., R16 329, TFM4 381; Sarcocephalus

subditus (Korth.) Mig., FMP2 8; tree to 25 m tall; lowland and hill forest;

throughout.

Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, TFM4 381; Anthocephalus indicus

A. Rich., FMP2 8; Anthocephalus chinensis auct. non (Lam.) A. Rich.;

pagoda tree to 40 m tall; lowland and hill forest, often near rivers; Jh

northwards.

Neonauclea calycina (DC.) Merr., R19 200; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest;

scattered.

Neonauclea lanceolata (Blume) Merr. ssp. gracilis (Vidal) Ridsdale, R19

225; tree to 25 m tall; ?lowland forest; once collected in Malaya, ?Ph.

Neonauclea pallida (Reinw. ex Havil.) Bakh.f. ssp. malaccensis (Gand.)

Ridsdale, R19 199; Nauclea purpurascens auct. non Korth., FMP2 9;

Neonauclea purpurascens Ridl., FMP5 314 in part; Neonauclea pallida

(Reinw. ex Havil.) Bakh.f., TFM4 383; shrub or small tree to 12 m tall;

lowland to montane forest, often rheophytic; widespread.

Neonauclea sp. 1, TFM4 383; tree to 12 m; Pasoh FR., NS once.

Neonauclea sp. 2, TFM4 383; tree; Sp.

175.53.6

175.54.1

17555.1

175.56.1

175.56.2

175.56.3

175.56.4

175.56.5

175.56.6

175.56.7

175.56.8

175.56.9

175.56.10

175.56.11

175.56.12

175.56.13

175.56.14

Neonauclea sp. 3, TFM4 383; tree; Jh.

Nertera granadensis (Mutis ex L.f.) Druce, B03 348 ‘granadense’; Nertera

depressa Banks & Sol. ex Gaertn., FMPS5 318; densely tufted creeping herb

to 5 cm tall; banks on high mountains; Gg Tahan, Ph.

Ochreinauclea maingayi (Hook-.f.) Ridsdale, R16 332, TFM4 385;

Sarcocephalus maingayi (Hook.f.) Havil., FMP2 7; tree to 25 m tall; Tg,

Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Ophiorrhiza communis Rid!l., FMP2 39; herb; lowland and hill forest;

common and widespread.

Ophiorrhiza costata Ridl., FMP2 37; herb to 40 cm tall; lowland and hill

forest; widespread; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza discolor R.Br., FMP2 36; herb to 20 cm tall; lowland and hill

forest; widespread.

Ophiorrhiza fontinalis Ridl., FMP2 38; herb to 15 cm tall; on rocks in

streams; P. Langkawi.

Ophiorrhiza fruticosa Ridl., FMP2 41; much-branched shrublet; on

limestone; only known from Bt Takun and Gua Batu, SI; endemic.

Ophiorrhiza hispidula Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 40; herb to 20 cm tall;

montane forest; Pk, Ph.

Ophiorrhiza kingiana Ridl., FMP2 41; woody-stemmed “herb” to 40 cm

tall; near limestone; Pk; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza klossii Ridl., FMP2 37; herb to 30 cm tall; forest; Sl; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza kunstleri King, FMP2 41; woody-stemmed “herb” to 30 cm

tall; on limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi, KI.

Ophiorrhiza lancifolia Ridl., FMP2 38; subshrub to 20 cm tall; forest; K1.

Ophiorrhiza longerepens Ridl.; R15 258, C15 147; prostrate herb; on

limestone; only known from Gua Musang, K1; endemic.

Ophiorrhiza nervosa Ridl., FMP2 40; herb to 30 cm tall; montane forest;

Sl; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza pallidula Rid!., FMP2 38; slightly woody-stemmed herb; hill

forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Ophiorrhiza remotiflora Ridl., FMP2 37; Ophiorrhiza major Ridl., FMP2

36; herb; lowland and hill forest; widespread.

437

438

IN7S)510>1(5)

175.56.16

175.56.17

175.56.18

175.56.19

175.56.20

‘175.56.21

ARSED /e1

MSS P

(Saves:

175.57.4

WES

175.57.6

LS S7e7,

Ophiorrhiza rosacea Ridl., FMP2 38; much-branched woody-stemmed

‘herb’ to 30 cm tall; lowland forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza rugosa Wall., FMP2 40; herb to 15 cm tall; lower montane

forest; Pk.

Ophiorrhiza scabrella Rid!., FMP2 39; subshrub to 30 cm tall; lowland forest;

P. Langkawi.

Ophiorrhiza singaporensis Ridl., FMP2 39; herb to 30 cm tall; lowland

forest; south of Malaya.

Ophiorrhiza tenella King, FMP2 40; herb to 30 cm tall; lowland and hill

forest; widespread; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza tenuis Ridl., FMP2 42; herb to 20 cm tall; lowland and hill

forest; scattered; ?endemic.

Ophiorrhiza tomentosa Jack, FMP2 41; herb to 50 cm tall; hill forests;

widespread.

Oxyceros curtisii (King & Gamble) K.M. Wong, W26 43; Randia curtisii

King & Gamble, FMP2 74; Randia incurva Ridl., FMP2 76; spiny liana;

lowland and hill forest; KI, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph.

Oxyceros fragrantissima (Ridl.) K.M. Wong, W26 43; Randia fragrantissima

Ridl., FMP2 75; spiny liana; K1, SI, MI, Sp; endemic.

Oxyceros horrida Lour., W26 38; Randia kunstleri King & Gamble, FMP2

74; Oxyceros kunstleri (King & Gamble) Tirveng., T13 466; Oxyceros

pauciflora (Ridl.) Tirveng., T13 466; liana with curved spines; lowlands; P.

Langkawi.

Oxyceros longiflora (Lam.) T. Yamaz., W26 39; Randia longiflora Lam.,

FMP2 73; very thorny scrambling shrub; common along rivers and near

the sea; P. Langkawi, Pk, Ph, SI, MI, Jh, Sp.

Oxyceros penangiana (King & Gamble) Tirveng., T13 466, W26 39; Randia

penangiana King & Gamble, FMP2 72; liana with curved spines; lowland

and hill forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Oxyceros pubicalyx K.M. Wong, W26 40; ? climber; hill forest; known only

from type, MI; endemic.

Oxyceros scandens (Blume) Tirveng., T13 466, W26 42; Randia clarkei King

& Gamble, FMP2 72; high-climbing liana with recurved spines; lowland

forest; Tg, Pk, Sl, NS, MI, Sp.

175.58.1

175.58.2

175.59.1

175.59.2

175.59.3

175.59.4

h75:59-5

175.59.6

1753597

175.59.8

175:59-9

175.59.10

175.59.11

AS 59 12

i559 15

175.59.14

Paederia foetida L.. FMP2 173, P26 210; Paederia tomentosa Blume, FMP2

174; vine to 7 m long; open disturbed places and secondary forests in the

lowlands; Ps, Kd, KI, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, SI, M1, Sp.

Paederia verticillata Blume, FMP2 174, P26 282; vine to 30 m long; lowland

forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Pavetta graciliflora Wall. ex Ridl.. FMP2 100, TFM4 387; shrub or small

tree to 5 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 900 m; widespread.

Payetta humilis Hook.f., FMP2 101, TFM4 388; subshrub to 30 cm tall;

lowland and hill forest; Ph, M1; endemic.

Pavetta kedahica Bremek., TFM4 387: shrub to 3 m tall: islands off Kd:

endemic.

Pavetta montana Reinw. ex Blume, TFM4 387: shrub or small tree to 4m

tall; hill and montane forest, 700-1600 m; Tg, Pk, MI.

Pavetta napieri (Ridl.) Bremek., TFM4 388; Tarenna napieri (Ridl.) Ridl.,

FMP2 102; small shrub; lowland forest; mostly in the south.

Pavetta naucleiflora R.Br. ex G. Don, FMP2 101, TFM4 388: shrub to 4 m

tall: lowland forest, sometimes on limestone; Ps, Kd, Pn, Ph.

Pavetta pauciflora Rid]., FMP2 101, TFM4 387; shrub to 3 m tall; on

limestone; Ph, Sl; endemic.

Pavetta salicina (Ridl.) Bremek., TFM4 387; Jarenna salicina (Ridl.) Ridl.,

FMP2 104: shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; hill and lower montane forest to

1600 m; Main Range; endemic.

Pavetta siamica Bremek., TFM4 388; shrub to 4 m tall; exposed riverbanks;

Ps, Kd, K1, Tg, Ph, Jh.

Pavetta wallichiana Steud., TFM4 388: shrub to 4 m tall; lowland forest:

throughout.

Pavetta sp. 1, TFM4 388; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; lowland forest; Sl,

NS; ?endemic.

Pavetta sp. 2, TFM4 388: shrub to 3 m tall; swamp forest; Sg Kayu Ara, Jh;

?endemic.

Pavetta sp. 3, TFM4 388; shrub or small tree to 7 m tall; Kd, Pn; ?endemic.

Pavetta sp. 4, TFM4 388; shrub or small tree to 7 m tall; P. Langkawi;

?endemic.

439

440

175.60.1

175.61.1

175.61.2

175.62.1

175.63.1

175.63.2

175.64.1

175.64.2

175.64.3

175.64.4

17516551

175.65.2

175.65.3

175.65.4

Perakanthus velutinus (Ridl.) Robyns, TFM4 390; Canthium velutinum

Ridl., FMP2 124; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest; Kd,

Pk, Jh; endemic.

Pertusadina eurhyncha (Miq.) Ridsdale, R16 354, TFM4 391; Adina

rubescens Hemsl., FMP2 10; latticed tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest

to 400 m; scattered.

Pertusadina malaccensis Ridsdale, R16 356, TFM4 391; tree to 30 m tall:

lowland and hill forest; localities unclear.

Pleiocarpidia enneandra (Wight) K. Schum., B25 208, TFM4 392;

Aulocodiscus premnoides Hook.f., FMP2 64; small tree to 16 m tall; lowland

forest including swamps; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh; endemic.

Porterandia anisophyllea (Jack ex Roxb.) Ridl.,W26 45, TFM4 393; Randia

anisophyllea (Jack ex Roxb.) Hook.f., FMP2 77; Randia scortechinii King

& Gamble, FMP2 78; tree to 12 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Tg, Pn,

Pk, Ph, SI, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Porterandia sessiliflora Ridl., W26 46, TFM4 393: tree to 12 m tall; hill forest;

twice from Pk.

Prismatomeris glabra (Korth.) Valeton, J12 54, TFM4 395; shrub to 4 m

tall; lowland to montane forest; throughout.

Prismatomeris griffithii Rid|., J12 32, TFM4 395; shrub; dry deciduous forest

and on limestone; Ps.

Prismatomeris tetrandra (Roxb.) K. Schum. ssp. malayana (Ridl.) J.T.

Johanss., J12 29, TFM4 396; Prismatomeris malayana Ridl., FMP2 116; shrub

to 5 m tall; rocky shores, lowland forest, limestone; throughout.

Prismatomeris sp., TFM4 395; ?Coffea malayana Ridl., FMP2 111; shrub

to 2 m tall; lowland and hill forest, also on limestone; Ps, Pk, Sl, NS, MI.

Psychotria adenophylla Wall., TFM4 398; Psychotria siamensis Ridl., FMP2

138; shrub or small tree; lowland forest; Ps, P. Langkawi.

Psychotria albopedunculata I.M. Turner, T21 27; Cephaelis melanocarpa

Ridl., FMP2 144; shrub to 1 m tall; hill forest; Bt Tangga, NS; ?endemic.

Psychotria angulata Korth., FMP2 138, TFM4 398; Psychotria griffithii

Hook.f. var. angustifolia Ridl., FMP2 137;shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest,

also on limestone; throughout.

Psychotria atroviridis Ridl., FMP2 140; subshrub to 30 cm tall; hill forest;

Bt Tangga, NS; ?endemic.

175.65.5

175.65.6

175.65.7

175.65.8

175.65.9

175.65.10

175.65.11

175.65.12

175.65.13

175.65.14

175.65.15

175.65.16

175.65.17

175.65.18

175.65.19

175.65.20

175.65.21

175.65.22

175.65.23

Psychotria birchiana King & Gamble, FMP2 135; shrublet; montane forests;

Pk, Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria brachybotrys Ridl., FMP2 133; slender scandent shrub; montane

forest; Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria calocarpa Kurz, FMP2 133, TFM4 398; shrub; lowland forest;

Kd, K1, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Psychotria cantleyi Ridl., FMP2 130; scandent shrub; lowland and hil! forest;

widespread; ?endemic.

Psychotria condensa King & Gamble, FMP2 129; epiphytic shrub; montane

forest; Kd, Pk, Ph; ?endemic.

Psychotria coriacea Korth., FMP2 136; shrub; forest; Gg Puali, Jh.

Psychotria cuspidella Mig., FMP2 139; shrub; montane forest; Semangkok

Pass, Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria fulva Buch.-Ham. ex Hook.f., FMP2 136, TFM4 397; shrub;

montane forest; KI, Pk, Ph.

Psychotria fulvoidea King & Gamble, FMP2 136; small shrub; Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria griffithii Hook.f, FMP2 137, TFM4 399; shrub or small tree;

lowland forest; Tg, Pk, SI, NS, M1, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Psychotria helferiana Kurz, FMP2 134, TFM4 396; shrub; lowland and hill

forest; Pn, Pk, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

Psychotria inaequalis King & Gamble, FMP2 141; subshrub; Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria kunstleri King & Gamble, FMP2 132; epiphyte; Pk.

Psychotria lanceolaria Ridl., FMP2 134; slender shrub; lowland forest; Sl;

endemic.

Psychotria lasiocephala Ridl., TFM4 398; shrub; on limestone; Ps.

Psychotria laxiflora Blume, FMP2 133; slender climber; Pk.

Psychotria maingayi Hook.f., FMP2 131; slender climber; lowland forest,

often near the sea; S] southward; ?endemic.

Psychotria malaccensis I.M. Turner, T21 27; Cephaelis griffithii Hook-f.,

FMP2 144: shrublet; lowland forest; scattered.

Psychotria malayana Jack, FMP2 139, TFM4 397; Psychotria stipulacea

Wall., FMP2 140.

44]

442

175.65.24

175.65.25

175.65.26

175.65.27

175.65.28

175.65.29

175.65.30

175.65.31

175.65.32

175.65.33

175.65.34

175.65.36

175.65.37

175.65.38

175.65.39

175.65.40

Psychotria megacarpa Ridl., FMP2 140; shrub; montane forest; Gg Kerbau,

Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria montana Blume, FMP2 137, TFM4 397; Becheria parviflora

Ridl., FMP2 21 in part; shrub; lowland to lower montane forest; K1, Tg, Pk,

Ph, Sl, M1, Jh.

Psychotria morindiflora Wall., FMP2 131; large woody climber; lowland

forest; Pn, Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria multicapitata King & Gamble; shrub; Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria naviculiformis I.M. Turner, 121 27; Cephaelis ridleyi King, FMP2

144; shrub to 60 cm tall; montane forest; Pk, Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria obovata Wall., FMP2 129; climbing shrub; lowlands; widespread

and common.

Psychotria ophirensis I.M. Turner, T21 26; Cephaelis angustifolia Ridl.,

FMP2 145; sparsely-branched shrub to 50 cm tall; montane forest; NS, MI,

Jh; ?endemic.

Psychotria ovoidea Wall., FMP2 130; slender climber; lowland forest, on

trees or the ground; Pk southward; ?endemic.

Psychotria pachyphylla (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP2 129; large climbing

shrub; hill forest; Pn.

Psychotria penangiana Hook.f., FMP2 132; shrubby climber; lowland forest;

common and widespread; ?endemic.

Psychotria pilulifera King & Gamble, FMP2 130; small tree or climber; hill

forest; Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria polytricha Mig., FMP2 132; slender climber; on tree trunks in

lowland forest; Pk.

Psychotria porcata I.M. Turner, T21 27; Cephaelis elongata Ridl., FMP2

145; montane forest; Semangkok Pass, Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria rhinocerotis Reinw. ex Blume, FMP2 135, TFM4 396; shrub or

small tree to 3 m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Kl, Pk, Ph.

Psychotria ridleyi King & Gamble, FMP2 133; climber; lowland and hill

forest; scattered.

Psychotria robusta Blume, TFM4 397; shrub or small tree; lowland and hill

forest; Tg, Ph, Jh.

Psychotria rostrata Blume, FMP2 134, TFM4 397; shrub or small tree to 3

m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

175.65.41

175.65.42

175.65.43

175.65.44

175.65.45

175.65.46

175.65.47

175.65.48

175.65.49

175.65.50

175.65.51

175.65.52

175.65.53

175.65.54

175.65.55

175.65.56

175.65.57

175.65.58

Psychotria rudis Ridl.. FMP2 138; small shrub; hill forest: Gg Jerai, Kd:

endemic.

Psychotria sarmentosa Blume, FMP2 131: climber: lowland forest:

widespread.

Psychotria scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 130: climber: Pk: ?endemic.

Psychotria setistipula Ridl.. FMP2 138; shrub; montane forest; Gg

Mengkuang Lebah, SI: ?endemic.

Psychotria singapurensis (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T21 27; Cephaelis

singapurensis Ridl., FMP2 144: lowland and hill forest; Jh, Sp; ?endemic.

Psychotria sohmerana [.M. Turner, T21 26; Psychotria minutiflora (non

Mill.Arg.) Ridl., FMP2 141: small shrub; montane forest: Genting Simpah,

Sl; 2?endemic.

Psychotria subcoriacea (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T21 27: Cephaelis subcoriacea

Ridl.. FMP2 145; subshrub: montane forest: Gg Mengkuang Lebah, SI:

endemic.

Psychotria tahanica I.M. Turner, T21 26; Cephaelis albiflora Ridl., FMP2

146; shrub to 2 m tall; montane forest near streams; Gg Tahan, Ph; ?endemic.

Psychotria triceps (Ridl.) IM. Turner, 121 27; Cephaelis triceps Ridl., FMP2

145; shrub to 1 m or more tall; montane forest; Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria viridiflora Reinw. ex Blume, FMP2 139, TFM4 398: shrub or

small tree; lowland forest, also on limestone; throughout.

Psychotria vulpina Ridl., FMP2 136; shrub; lowland forest; Kuala Lebir,

KI; ?endemic.

Psychotria wrayi King & Gamble, FMP2 141; shrub; Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 1, TFM4 396; shrub to 3 m tall: lowland forest: Kl, Ph:

?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 2, TFM4 397; shrub to 3 m tall: lowland forest; K1, Tg. Pk,

Ph; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 3, TFM4 397; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Jh:

endemic.

Psychotria sp. 4, TFM4 397; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; hill forest: SI:

endemic.

Psychotria sp. 5, TFM4 397: shrub; lowland and hill forest: Pn, Sl; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 6, TFM4 397; shrub: lowland forest; Tg: ?endemic.

443

144

175.65.59

175.65.60

175.65.61

175.65.62

175.65.63

175.65.64

175.66.1

175.66.2

175.66.3

175.66.4

175.66.5

175.66.6

175.66.7

175.66.8

175.66.9

175.66.10

175.66.11

175.66.12

Psychotria sp. 7, TFM4 398; shrub; lowland swamp forest; Sg Kayu, Jh;

? endemic.

Psychotria sp. 8, TFM4 398; shrub; lowland forest; Kl, Pk; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 9, TFM4 398; shrub; lowland forest; Sp; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 10, TFM4 399; shrub; montane forest at 1300 m; Gg Padang,

Tg; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 11, TFM4 399; small tree; montane forest at 1800 m; Cameron

Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Psychotria sp. 12, TFM4 399; shrub; hill forest at 900 m; Gg Tahan, Ph;

? endemic.

Psydrax maingayi (Hook.f.) Bridson, TFM4 402; Mesoptera maingayi

Hook.f., FMP2 127; tree to 18 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest; Tg,

Ph, Pk, Sl, NS, MI, Jh; endemic.

Psydrax nitidum (Craib) K.M. Wong, TFM4 400; Canthium didymum sensu

Ridl., FMP2 126 in part; small tree to 5 m tall; lowland forest including

that on limestone; P. langkawi.

Psydrax sp. 1, TFM4 402; tree to 18 m tall; lowland and hill forest;

widespread; ?endemic.

Psydrax sp. 2, TFM4 403; tree to 12 m tall; hill forest at 800-1100 m; Gg

Jerai, Kd; endemic.

Psydrax sp. 3, TFM4 400; small tree to 6 m tall; montane forest at 1100-

1300 m; Main Range; ?endemic.

Psydrax sp. 4, TFM4 401; small tree to 4 m tall; montane forest; Ph;

? endemic.

Psydrax sp. 5, TFM4 403; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest, often near the

coast; Pn, Pk, Ph, Jh.

Psydrax sp. 6, TFM4 400; tree to 9 m tall; montane forest; Ph, Sl; ?endemic.

Psydrax sp. 7, TFM4 403; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest including swamps;

Pk, Sl, Jh; ?endemic.

Psydrax sp. 8, TFM4 403; tree to 15 m tall; lowland and hill forest, also on

limestone; widespread.

Psydrax sp. 9, TFM4 404; tree to 16 m tall; montane forest; Cameron

Highlands, Ph; ?endemic.

Psydrax sp. 10, TFM4 404; tree to 23 m tall; lowland forest; widespread.

175.66.13

175.66.14

175.67.1

175.67.2

175.67.3

175.67.4

175.68.1

175.68.2

175.68.3

175.68.4

175.69.1

MS:69)2

175.69.3a

175.69.3b

Psydrax sp. 11, TFM4 402; small tree to 9 m tall; freshwater and mangrove

swamps; Ph, Jh, Sp.

Psydrax sp. 12, TFM4 401; small tree; on limestone; P. Langkawi; ?endemic.

Rennellia elliptica Korth., J14 7; Rennellia speciosa (Wall. ex Kurz) Hook.f.

var. elongata King & Gamble, FMP2 120; ?Rennellia speciosa var.

angustifolia Ridl., FMP2 120; Rennellia elongata (King & Gamble) Ridl.,

TEM4 405; Rennellia paniculata King & Gamble var. condensa K.M. Wong,

TFM4 405; shrub or tree to 8 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest at

1500 m; widespread.

Rennellia microcephala (Ridl.) K.M. Wong, TFM4 405; Myrioneuron

microcephalum Ridl., FMP2 57; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland and hill forest

to 800 m; Kd, KI, Tg, Ph; endemic.

Rennellia morindiformis (Korth.) Ridl., J14 15; Rennellia paniculata King

& Gamble, FMP2 119, TFM4 405; Rennellia sp., TFM4 405; shrub or tree

to 8 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest; once each from KI], Pk, Ph.

Rennellia speciosa (Wall. ex Kurz) Hook.f., FMP2 120, J14 7, TFM4 405;

shrub or tree to 7 m tall; lowland and hill forest; south and east of Malaya.

Rothmannia kuchingensis (J.J. Sm.) K.M. Wong, W30 270, TFM4 406; tree

to 6 m tall; on sandstone plateaux; Ulu Endau, Jh.

Rothmannia macrophylla (R.Br. ex Hook.f.) Bremek., W26 48, TFM4 406;

Randia macrophylla R.Br. ex Hook.f., FMP2 78; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Kl, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Rothmannia malayana K.M. Wong, W26 51, TFM4 406; tree to 10 m tall;

lowland forest; once each from KI and Ph; endemic.

Rothmannia schoemannii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Tirveng., W26 49, TFM4 406;

Randia exaltata Griff., FMP2 78; tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest;

P. Langkawi, Kd, KI, Tg, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI.

Saprosma glomerulata King & Gamble, FMP2 170, TFM4 407; shrub to 3

m tall; lowland to lower montane forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp;

endemic.

Saprosma indica sensu Ridl., FMP2 170, TFM4 407; Amaracarpus saxicola

Ridl., FMP2 172, C15 141; shrub to 3 m tall; on limestone; Ps, Kd, K1, Pk,

Ph.

Saprosma pubescens Rid. var. hirsuta Ridl., FMP2 171, TFM4 408; shrub;

lowland and hill forest; Tg, Ml; endemic.

Saprosma pubescens RidI. var. pubescens, FMP2 171, TFM4 408; shrub to

3 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ph, NS, M1; endemic.

445

446

175.69.4

175.69.5

175.69.6

175:6957.

175.69.8

175.70.1

Ifill

1S 712

SSeS

175.71.4

WISTS

AEG

WS MN)

as 2A

W522.

Saprosma scortechinii King & Gamble, FMP2 170, TFM4 407; shrub to 2

m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Saprosma ternata (Wall.) Hook.f., FMP2 170, TFM4 407, G01 92; shrub to

3 m tall: lowland and hill forest; Pn, Kl, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Saprosma sp. 1, TFM4 407; shrub; lowlands; Sg Serai, KI; ?endemic.

Saprosma sp. 2, TFM4 407; shrub; lowland and hill forest; KI, Pk, Ph, Sl;

?endemic.

Saprosma sp. 3, TFM4 407; shrub; lowland forest; Krau, Ph; ?endemic.

Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea C.F. Gaertn., FMP2 89, TFM4 408; tree to 6

m tall, sometimes with stilt roots; sea shores and mangrove swamps; all

coasts except Pk.

Spermacoce articularis L.f.,$27 363; Borreria articularis (L-.f.) F.N. Williams,

K09 152; Borreria hispida auct. non (L.) K. Schum., FMP2 175; rough wiry

herb; sandy waste ground, common near the sea; throughout.

Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pay., F16 118, B39 315; Borreria laevis auct.

non (Lam.) Griseb., M28 132, M44 496; herb; waste places; widespread;

naturalized from tropical America.

Spermacoce exilis (L.O. Williams) C.D. Adams, B09 316; Borreria setidens

(Miq.) Bold., FMP2 177; Borreria repens DC., F19 133; Borreria ocymoides

auct. non (Burm.f.) DC., K09 152; Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon, V09

547; herb, often creeping, ascending to 30 cm; waste places, garden weed;

throughout.

Borreria laevicaulis (Miq.) Ridl., FMP2 176; wiry herb to 50 cm tall;

roadsides, waste places; common throughout.

The correct name in Spermacoce for this species remains unknown to me.

Spermacoce latifolia Aubl.,D21 1051; Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum.,

FMP2 175; Borreria alata (Aubl.) DC., M47 492; herb to 60 cm tall; waste

places; widespread; naturalized from tropical America.

Spermacoce parviceps (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, 124 222; Borreria parviceps Ridl.,

FMP2 176; slender erect herb; roadsides; Tg, NS, MI, Sp; ?endemic.

Spermacoce pilulifera (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T24 222; Borreria pilulifera Ridl.,

FMP2 176; slender herb about 30 cm tall; roadsides; Klang, Gates, Sl;

endemic.

Streblosa polyantha Korth., B28 176; Streblosa pubescens Ridl., FMP2 148;

Streblosa hirta Ridl., FMP2 149: herb to 25 cm tall; Pn, Pk.

Streblosa microcarpa Ridl., FMP2 148, B28 164; herb to 60 cm tall; Pn, Pk.

Ma13A

175.732

1773'S

175.73.4

175.73.5

75: 73:6

173.73.7

175.73.8

17SIS:9

175.73.10

S73

7/7

INS ais pils)

175.73.14

WS SA5

Tarenna adangensis (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 107, TFM4 412; Tarenna calcarea

Ridl., FMP2 108; shrub to 6 m tall; on limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi, K1, Pk,

Sl.

Tarenna adpressa (King) Merr., TFM4 411; Zarenna papillosa Ridl., FMP2

103; Stylocoryna adpressa King, FMP2 110; shrub to 4 m tall; peat swamp

forest; Ph, Sl, Jh; endemic.

Tarenna angustifolia (King) Merr., TFM4 412; Stylocoryna angustifolia

King, FMP2 109; shrub to 3 m tall; on limestone; K1, Pk, Ph, SI.

Tarenna costata (Mig.) Merr., TFM4 415; Stylocoryna costata Miq., FMP2

109; shortly buttressed tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ph, SI, NS,

MI, Jh, Sp.

Tarenna curtisii (King) FN. Williams, FMP2 107, TFM4 412: shrub to 3 m

tall; on limestone; P. Langkawi.

Tarenna evansii Ridl., FMP2 103, TFM4 410: subshrub to 50 cm tall;

montane forest; Gg Senyum, Ph; endemic.

Tarenna fragrans (Nees) Koord. & Valeton, TFM4 411; Stylocoryna fragrans

(Nees) DC., FMP2 108; shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; lowland forest,

often on river banks; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

Tarenna glabra Ridl., FMP2 106, TFM4 412; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; KI, Tg, Pk; endemic.

Tarenna hispidula Craib, TFM4 410; Zarenna adpressa auct. non (King)

Merr., C14 149; shrub; lowland forest; P. Langkawi.

Tarenna insularis (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 107, TFM4 412; shrub to 2 m tall;

lowland forest; Ps, P. Langkawi.

Tarenna lancifolia Ridl., FMP5 316, TFM4 411: shrub; hill forest at 600—

1000 m; Gg Jerai, Kd, Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Tarenna longifolia (G. Don) Ridl., FMP2 104, TFM4 409: shrub to 3 m tall;

lowland forest; Pn, Pk; endemic.

Tarenna maingayi (Hook.f.) Merr., TFM4 410; Stylocoryna maingayi

(Hook.f.) King, TFM2 110; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland and hill forest; SI, NS,

MI, Jh; endemic.

Tarenna mollis (Wall. ex Hook.f.) B.L. Rob., TFM4 416; Stylocoryna mollis

(Wall. ex Hook.f.) King, FMP2 109; shrub or tree to 16 m tall; lowland to

lower montane forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Tarenna mussaendoides (Craib) K.M. Wong, TFM4 411; shrub or small

tree; on limestone; Kaki Bukit, Ps.

447

448

175.73.16

WIE)

ISAS

175739

175.73.20

MSS A

175.73.22

IDe13:23

175.73.24

WS313-29

175.73.26

WISI PAT)

WS7328

17533:29

175.73.30

175.73.31

Sey

175.73.33

175.73.34

17573335

Tarenna odorata (Roxb.) B.L. Rob., FMP2 105, TFM4 410; Tarenna

grandifolia (Hook-.f.) Ridl., FMP2 104; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall;

lowland forest including swamps; Pn, Pk, SI, Ml, Jh, Sp; ?endemic.

Tarenna pulchra (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 104, TFM4 410; shrub to 3 m tall;

montane forest above 1200 m; Ph, SI.

Tarenna ridleyi (H. Pearson ex King) Ridl., FMP2 106 in part, TFM4 412;

shrub; lowland forest; Ph, Sp; endemic.

Tarenna rudis Rid!l., FMP2 103, TFM4 409: shrub to 4 m tall; lowland forest;

Sl; endemic.

Tarenna stellulata (Hook.f.) Ridl., FMP2 106, TFM4 412; shrub to 4 m tall;

lowland to montane forest at 1200 m; K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Tarenna wallichii (Hook.f.) Ridl., FMP2 106, TFM4 413; shrub to 3 m tall;

lowland forest; Pn, Pk, MI.

Tarenna wrayi (King) Ridl., FMP2 105, TFM4 411; shrub; Pk; endemic.

Tarenna yappii (King) Ridl., FMP2 105, TFM4 411; shrub; Pk; endemic.

Tarenna sp. 1, TFM4 409; shrub; Ulu Brang, Tg; ?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 2, TFM4 409; hill forest at 680 m; Gg Tapis, Ph; ?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 3, TFM4 410; shrub; lowland forest; Gg Lang, Kd; ?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 4, TFM4 410; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Ph, Jh;

endemic.

Tarenna sp. 5, TFM4 411; shrub; lowland forest; Bubu F.R., Pk; endemic.

Tarenna sp. 6, TFM4 411; shrub; montane forest; Fraser’s Hill, Ph; endemic.

Tarenna sp. 7, TFM4 411; shrub to 2 m tall; lower montane forest; Tg, Ph;

endemic.

Tarenna sp. 8, TFM4 412; shrub or small tree to 8 m tall; lowland and hill

forest, also limestone; Ps, Kd, Pn, Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh; endemic.

Tarenna sp. 9, TFM4 412; shrub to 4.5 m tall; on limestone; Lenggong, Pk;

endemic.

Tarenna sp. 10, TFM4 413; shrub to 3 m tall; on limestone; Pk; endemic.

Tarenna sp. 11, TFM4 413; shrub to 3 m tall; Pasoh F.R., NS; ?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 12, TFM4 413; shrub to 2 m tall; hill forest; Ulu Langat, SI;

endemic.

175.73.36

17573:37

175.73.38

175-7339

175.74.1

175.74.2a

175.74.2b

175.74.3

175.74.4

175.74.5

175.74.6

175.74.7

175.74.8

175.74.9

175.74.10

Tarenna sp. 13, TFM4 414: shrub to 3 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Ph:

?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 14, TFM4 415; shrub; montane forest; Gg Tahan, Ph; ?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 15, TFM4 415; shrub; montane forest at 1200 m; Gg Padang,

Tg; ?endemic.

Tarenna sp. 16, TFM4 412: tree to 8 m tall; on limestone; Batu Caves, Sl;

endemic.

Timonius compressicaulis (Mig.) Boerl., W27 514, TFM4 417; Timonius

finlaysonianus Hook.f., FMP2 113; shrub or small tree to 7 m tall; sandy

and rocky shores; all coasts.

Timonius corneri K.M. Wong var. corneri, W27 500, TFM4 419; tree to 18

m tall; lowland and hill forest; K1, Tg.

Timonius corneri K.M. Wong var. penangianus (RidI.) K.M. Wong, W27

502, TFM4 419; Timonius wallichianus (Korth.) Valeton var. penangianus

Ridl., FMP2 116; tree to 18 m tall; hill and montane forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph.

Timonius diffusus Ridl., FMP2 115, W27 503, TFM4 417: tree to 10 m tall:

montane forest at 1000-1500 m; Ph, Sl: endemic.

Timonius flayescens (Jack) Baker, W27 504, TFM4 418; Timonius

peduncularis Ridl., FMP2 113; tree to 12 m tall; on peaty soils in the lowlands

and mountains; throughout.

Timonius glabrior (Valeton) K.M. Wong, W27 505, TFM4 417; tree to 10m

tall; lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Timonius laxus King & Gamble, FMP2 115, W27 506, TFM4 418; tree to

10 m tall; lowland forest; only known from type, Ulu Bubong, Pk; endemic.

Timonius montanus Rid!., FMP2 114, W27 506, TFM4 418; shrub to 3 m

tall; montane forest above 1200 m; Gg Lawit, Tg; Gg Tahan & Gg Tapis,

Ph; endemic.

Timonius oreophilus Ridl., FMP2 114, W27 506, TFM4 418; shrub to 6 m

tall; hill and montane forest above 700 m; Ph, Sl; endemic.

Timonius wallichianus (Korth.) Valeton, FMP2 116, W27 507, TEM4 417:

tree to 7 m tall; lowland forests, common in secondary vegetation; Pk, Ph,

Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Timonius wrayi King & Gamble, FMP2 115, W27 512, TFM4 419: tree to

15 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh; endemic.

449

450

175.74.11

175.74.12

175.74.13

175.74.14

SEIS

173752

IWI/S-3)

175.75.4

WISTS

175.75.6

175.75.7a

175.75.7b

WS SL

175.75.10

175.75.11

175.75.12b

Timonius sp. A, W27 509, TFM4 418; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest; NS;

endemic.

Timonius sp. B, W27 509, TFM4 418; tree to 10 m tall; Jh; ?endemic.

Timonius sp. C, W27 512, TFM4 418; ?shrub; hill forest; Larut, Pk; ?endemic.

Timonius sp. D, W27 512, TFM4 417; ?shrub; Larut, Pk; ?endemic.

Uncaria acida (W. Hunt.) Roxb., R17 80; Uncaria ovalifolia Roxb., FMP2

14; slender liana; damp or swampy lowland forest; south of Malaya.

Uncaria attenuata Korth., FMP2 16, R17 79; slender liana; lowland forest;

scattered.

Uncaria barbata Merr., R17 80; liana; localities uncertain.

Uncaria borneensis Havil., R17 79; liana; localities uncertain.

Uncaria callophylla Blume ex Korth., R17 85; Uncaria wrayi King &

Gamble, FMP2 14; Uncaria jasminiflora Hook.f., FMP2 15; liana; lowland

forests; widespread.

Uncaria canescens Korth., FMP2 16, R17 80; slender liana; lowland forest;

Pn, Pk.

Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. var. cordata, R17 75; Uncaria pedicellata

Roxb., FMP2 12; liana; lowland forest; widespread.

Uncaria cordata (Lour.) Merr. var. ferruginea (Blume) Ridsdale, R17 76;

Uncaria sclerophylla auct. non Roxb., FMP2 12; big liana; common in

lowland forest; widespread.

Uncaria elliptica R.Br. ex G. Don, R17 81; Uncaria dasyoneura Korth.,

FMP2 16; liana; lowland forest; Pn, Pk, Ml.

Uncaria gambir (W. Hunt.) Roxb., FMP2 15, R17 82; liana; established in

southern lowlands as relic of former cultivation; naturalized but origins

obscure.

Uncaria homomalla Mig., R17 95; Uncaria parviflora (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2

12; liana; open country; Ps.

Uncaria kunstleri King, FMP2 14, R17 80; big liana; lowland forest including

peat swamps; Pk.

Uncaria lanosa Wall. var. ferrea (Blume) Ridsdale, R17 87; Uncaria ferrea

(Blume) DC., FMP2 14 incl. var. tomentosa King; slender hairy liana;

lowland forest margins; widespread.

175.75.12b

WasA2Zc

175.75.13a

175.75.13b

175.75.14

175.76.1

175.76.2

175.76.3

175.76.4

175.76.5

175.76.6

175.76.7

175.76.8

O19

Uncaria lanosa Wall. var. glabrata (Blume) Ridsdale, R17 86; Uncaria

glabrata Blume, FMP2 14; slender liana; lowland forest; south of Malaya.

Uncaria lanosa Wall. var. lanosa, R17 86; Uncaria lanosa Wall., FMP2 12:

hairy liana; forest margins; Pn, Pk, Ph, MI.

Uncaria longiflora (Poir.) Merr. var. longiflora, R17 82; Uncaria trinervis

Havil., FMP2 15: slender liana; hill forest; Pn.

Uncaria longiflora (Poir.) Merr. var. pteropoda (Miq.) Ridsdale, R17 82;

Uncaria pteropoda Miq., FMP2 15; big liana; lowland forest margins;

widespread.

Uncaria roxburghiana Korth., FMP2 11, R17 89; slender liana; lowland

forest margins; widespread.

Urophyllum blumeanum (Wight) Hook.f, TFM4 421; Urophyllum glabrum

Wall. var. blumeanum sensu Ridl., FMP2 69: shrub or small tree to 8 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 900 m; throughout.

Urophyllum corymbosum (Blume) Korth., FMP2 67, TFM4 422;

Maschalocorymbus corymbosus (Blume) Bremek.; B40 182, B03 307; shrub

or small tree to 9 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest at 1300 m; Ps, Ph,

SI, NS, Sh, Sp.

Urophyllum ferrugineum King & Gamble, FMP2 67, TFM4 421; shrub to

2 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest at 1300 m; Pk, Jh; endemic.

Urophyllum glabrum Wall., FMP2 68, TFM4 423: shrub or small tree to 5

m tall; lowland to lower montane forest at 1400 m; throughout.

Urophylium griffithianum (Wight) Hook.f, FMP2 69, TFM4 423; shrub or

small tree to 5 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh,

Sp.

Urophyllum hirsutum (Wight) Hook.f., FMP2 66, TFM4 422: shrub to 3 m

tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; throughout.

Urophyllum lasiocarpum Ridl., FMP2 66, TFM4 422: shrub to 2 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Urophyllum leucophloem Ridl., TFM4 423; Urophyllum coriaceum Ridl.,

FMP2 68; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; hill and montane forest to 1500 m;

Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml; endemic.

Urophyllum macrophyllum Korth., FMP2 66, TFM4 422: shrub to 4 m tall;

lowland to lower montane forest at 1300 m; KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS.

45]

452

175.76.10

175.76.11

175.76.12

175.76.13

1175.76.14

175.76.15

175.76.16

175.76.17

175.76.18

175.76.19

175.76.20

175.76.21

WSS G222

175.76.23

175.76.24

175.76.25

Urophyllum streptopodium Wall. ex Hook.f., FMP2 67, TFM4 421; shrub

or small tree to 7 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest at 1200 m; Pn, K1,

Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Urophyllum trifureum H. Pearson ex King & Gamble, FMP2 68, TFM4

422: shrub or small tree to 15 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest at

1200 m; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Urophyllum umbellulatum Mig., FMP2 68, TFM4 421; shrub to 4 m tall;

lowland to hill forest; Kd, Pn, SI, NS.

Urophyllum villosum Wall., FMP2 65, TFM4 422; Maschalocorymbus

villosus (Wall.) Bremek., B22 182; shrub or small tree to 6 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Bremekamp [B24 189] also mentions one specimen (Holttum 10795) of

Leucolophus tobingensis (Miq.) Bremek. from Gg Belumut, Jh.

Urophyllum sp. 1, TFM4 421; shrub; hill forest; Ulu Temango, Pk; ?endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 2, TFM4 421; shrub to S m tall; lowland to lower montane

forest at 1300 m; Tg, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Urophyllum sp. 3, TFM4 421; shrub; hill forest; Ulu Brang, Tg; ?endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 4, TFM4 422; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest; Kl, Jh;

endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 5, TFM4 422; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, Ph;

?endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 6, TFM4 422; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; Tg, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 7, TFM4 423; shrub to 2 m tall; montane forest; Tg, Ph;

? endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 8, TFM4 423; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland and hill forest; K1,

Pk.

Urophyllum sp. 9, TFM4 423; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland to lower montane

forest at 1300 m; Ph, P. Tioman, SI; ?endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 10, TFM4 424; shrub or small tree to 9 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; Tg, Ph, Jh, Sp; ?endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 11, TFM4 422; shrub to 4 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Ph;

?endemic.

Urophyllum sp. 12, TFM4 421; Urophyllum hirsutum (Wight) Hook.f. var.

longifolium Ridl., FMP2 67; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland to hill forest; Jh.

|

;

:

;

175.76.26

7.07

IST TZ

MDNLI-S

175.78.1

75.782

175.791

176.

176.1.1

176.2.1

176.2.2

176.3.1

176.4.1

176.4.2

176.4.3

176.4.4

Urophylium sp. 13, TFM4 421; shrub to 2 m tall; hill forest; Ulu Brang, Tg;

?endemic.

Wendlandia burkillii Cowan, TFM4 424; Wendlandia paniculata sensu Rid1.,

FMP2 19; tree to 25 m tall; montane forest above 1500 m; Main Range.

Wendlandia glabrata DC., TFM4 425; tree to 30 m tall; montane forest

above 1500 m; Main Range.

Wendlandia ternifolia Cowan, H35 108, TFM4 424; shrub to 5 m tall; rocky

coasts; scattered.

Xanthophytum biceps Ridl., FMP5 316; shrublet to 20 cm tall; Ulu Tahan,

Ph.

Excluded from Xanthophytum by A18.

Xanthophytum capitellatum Ridl., FMPS 316, A18 483; Xanthophytum

capitatum (non Valeton) Ridl., FMP2 55; slender woody-stemmed “herb”

to 30 cm tall; lowland forest; Kl, Tg; endemic.

Zuccarinia macrophylla Blume, TFM4 425; small tree; lowland forest; P.

Aor, Jh.

RUTACEAE

Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Mig., H19 549; Acronychia laurifolia Blume,

FMP1 347, TFM1 371; tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest; P. Langkawi,

Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Atalantia monophylla (L.) DC., FMP1 356, TFM1 373; spiny shrub to 6 m

tall; rocky and sandy coasts, dry open places; commonest in the north.

Atalantia roxburghiana Hook.f, FMP1 357, TFM1 373; weakly spiny shrub;

open country, also on limestone; Pk, Ph, MI, NS; ?endemic.

Burkillanthus malaccensis (Ridl.) Swingle, TFM1 373; Citrus malaccensis

Ridl., FMP1 359; sparsely thorny tree to 12 m tall; lowland forest; Ph, SI,

MI.

Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) Swingle, TFM1 375; small tree; perhaps wild.

Citrus halimii B.C. Stone, $68 106, $66 123; Citrus sp. A, TFM1 375; tree to

23 m tall; lower montane forest at 600-1200 m, lower on limestone; Kd,

Pk, Ph, NS.

Citrus hystrix DC., FMP1 358, TFM1 375; small tree; probably wild.

Citrus macroptera Montrouz., TFM1 374; small tree; lowland forest;

northern half of the Peninsula.

453

454

176.5.1

176.5.2

176.6.1

176.7.1a

176.7.1b

176.7.1¢c

176.7.1d

176.7.1e

176.7.2

176.7.3

176.7.4

176.7.5

176.7.6

Gna

176.7.7b

Clausena excavata Burm.f, FMP1 352, TFM1 375; foetid shrub or small

tree; lowland forest margins and open places; throughout.

Clausena harmandiana (Pierre) Pierre, M53 124; Clausena macrophylla

auct. non Hook.f., TFM1 376; small tree; rare in N. Malaya.

Fortunella polyandra (Ridl.) Tanaka, TFM1 380; Atalantia polyandra Rid1.,

FMPS5 295: shrub; lowlands; once each from Pk, MI and Jh; ?endemic.

Glycosmis chlorosperma Spreng. var. angustifolia Narayanas., $60 3; shrub;

lowland forest; Pk.

Glycosmis chlorosperma Spreng. var. chlorosperma, TFM1 382, $46 93;

Glycosmis malayana Ridl., FMP1 350; Glycosmis monticola Ridl., FMP1

350, TFM1 382; shrub; lowland to montane forest; widespread.

Glycosmis chlorosperma Spreng. var. lindleyana (Swingle) B.C. Stone, S60

3; Glycosmis macrophylla [non (Blume) Mig.] Lindl., FMP1 349; Glycosmis

lindleyana Swingle, TFM1 381; shrub; hill forest; Pn, Pk; endemic variety.

Glycosmis chlorosperma Spreng. var. macrorachis (King) B.C. Stone, $60

3; shrub; Pn; endemic variety.

Glycosmis chlorosperma Spreng. var. paraphyllophora B.C. Stone, $60 3;

shrub; Pn.

Glycosmis crassifolia Ridl., FMP1 349, TFM1 381, $63 124; small tree; once

each from MI and Ph; endemic.

Glycosmis collina B.C. Stone, $60 4, $66 124; Glycosmis macrocarpa auct.

non Wight, FMP1 349, TFM1 381; small tree; lower montane forest; Gg

Batu Puteh, Pk, Fraser’s Hill, Ph; endemic.

Glycosmis decipiens B.C. Stone, TFM1 381,846 106, $66 125; Phoenicimon

rubiginosus Ridl., FMPS5 301; small shrub to 6 m tall; lowland to lower

montane forest; Tg, Ph, P. Tioman, NS, Jh.

Glycosmis lanceolata Spreng., TFM1 381; Glycosmis citrifolia (Willd.)

Lindl., FMP1 349 in part; small tree; open country; KI to Sp.

Glycosmis macrophylla (Blume) Miq., $66 125; Glycosmis sapindoides

Lindl. ex Wall., FMP1 351, TFM1 381, $60 34; Glycosmis elata Ridl., FMP1

351, TFM1 381; shrub; lowland forest; P. Langkawi, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk.

Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka var. insularis (Kurz) Tanaka, $60 14;

shrub; once from Bt Sebukor, MI.

Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka var. mauritiana, $60 13, $66 124;

Glycosmis rupestris Ridl., FMP1 350, TFM1 381; shrub; usually on

limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, KI, Pk.

176.7.7¢

176.7.8

176.7.9

176.7.10

a

176.7.12

176.7.13a

176.7.13b

176.8.1

176.8.2

176.9.1

176.9.2

176.10.1

176.10.2

Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.) Tanaka var. tomentosa (Ridl.) B.C. Stone,

$60 14; Glycosmis rupestris Ridl. var. tomentosa Ridl., FMP1 350; shrub: P.

Langkawi; endemic variety.

Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.) DC., TFM1 382, $46 87, S60 16, $66 125:

Glycosmis citrifolia auct. non Lindl., FMP1 349 in part; small shrub; P.

Langkawi, Kd, KI.

Glycosmis perakensis Narayanas., TFM1 381, $60 16, 866 125; shrub,

possibly rheophytic; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Glycosmis puberula Lindl., FMP1 351, TFM1 381, $66 124: shrub; forest,

including that on limestone; Pn, Pk.

Glycosmis stenura B.C. Stone, $60 19; shrub to 4 m tall; only known from

Gg Lang, Kd; endemic.

Glycosmis tomentella Ridl.. FMP1 350, TFM1 382, $60 21, S66 126; shrub:

montane forest; Gg Menuang Gasing, Sl.

Glycosmis trichanthera Guillaumin var. kelantanica (B.C. Stone) B.C. Stone,

$60 22, $66 125; Glycosmis calcicola B.C. Stone var. kelantanica B.C. Stone,

TFM1 381, C15 152; shrub to 3 m tall; on limestone; KI; endemic variety.

Glycosmis trichanthera Guillaumin var. trichanthera, $60 21, $66 125:

Glycosmis calcicola B.C. Stone var. calcicola, TFM1 381, C15 152: shrub to

3 m tall; on limestone; P. langkawi, Pk, SI.

Luvunga crassifolia Tanaka; Luvunga eleutherandra Dalzell, FMP1 355;

big liana with hooks; swampy lowland forest; Pk, Sp.

Luvunga scandens Buch.-Ham., FMP1 355; liana; lowland and hill forest;

widespread.

Maclurodendron magnificum T.G. Hartley, H22 15, $66 127; Acronychia

sp. nov.; $48 252; tree to 4.5 m tall; upper montane forest at 1500 m; known

only from the summit of Gg Ulu Kali, Ph; endemic.

Maclurodendron porteri (Hook./.) T.G. Hartley, H22 8; Acronychia porteri

Hook-.f., FMP1 348, TFM1 371; tree to 25 m tall; lowland to lower montane

forest; throughout.

Melicope accedens (Blume) T.G. Hartley, H23 67, $66 132; Euodia pilulifera

King, FMP1 344, TFM1 377; Euodia latifolia auct. non DC., FMP1 342 in

part, TFM1 378 in part; shrub to 5 m tall; montane forest; KI, Pk, Ph, NS;

endemic.

Melicope corneri T.G. Hartley, $66 131; Euodia latifolia auct. non DC.,

FMP1 342 in part, TFM1 378 in part; shrub to 7.5 m tall: lowland and hill

forest to 750 m; Ph, Sl, NS, Jh; endemic.

455

456

176.10.3

176.10.4

176.10.5

176.10.6

176.10.7

176.10.8

176.10.9

176.10.10

176.11.1

176.12.1

176.13.1

176.13.2

176.14.1

176.15.1

Melicope glabra (Blume) T.G. Hartley, H23 60, $66 130; Euodia glabra

(Blume) Blume, FMP1 342, TFM1 377; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest;

widespread.

Melicope hookeri T.G. Hartley, H23 70, $66 133; Euodia robusta Hook.f,

FMP1 343, TFM1 379; tree to 6 m tall; lowlands and hills; NS, Sp.

Melicope latifolia (DC.) T.G. Hartley, H23 72; tree to 20 m tall; lowland to

lower montane forest; widespread.

Melicope lunu-ankenda (Gaertn.) T.G. Hartley, H23 61, $66 131; Euodia

malayana Ridl., FMP1 342; Euodia roxburghiana (Cham.) Benth., TFM1

379; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; throughout.

Melicope macrocarpa (King) T.G. Hartley, $66 133; Euodia macrocarpa

King, FMP1 344, TEM1 378; Euodia euneura auct. non (Miq.) Miq., TFM1

377; tree to 20 m tall; mostly in the lowlands; Pn, Pk, Ph, SI.

Melicope pachyphylla (Blume) T.G. Hartley, $66 134; Euodia pachyphylla

King, FMP1 344, TFM1 376; shrub to 4 m tall; upper montane forest; Pk,

Ph; endemic.

Melicope pahangensis T.G. Hartley, $66 135; Euodia simplicifolia Ridl.,

FMP1 345, TFM1 376; shrub to 2 m tall; upper montane forest; summit of

Gg Tahan and Gg Brinchang, Ph; endemic.

Melicope suberosa B.C. Stone, $57 94, $66 129; small tree to 10 m tall;

upper montane forest at 1550 m; only known from the summit of Gg Ulu

Kali, Ph; endemic.

Merope angulata (Willd.) Swingle, TFM1 382; Merope longispina Hook.f.,

FMP1 356; spiny shrub or small tree; mangrove swamps; Pk, NS, MI, Sp.

Merrillia caloxylon (Ridl.) Swingle, FMP1 354, TFM1 383; small tree;

lowland forest, often on riverbanks; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl.

Micromelum hirsutum Oliv., FMP1 352, TFM1 383; shrub to 2 m tall; open

country; MI and Ph northward.

Micromelum minutum (G. Forst.) Wight & Arn., TFM1 383; Micromelum

pubescens Blume, FMP1 352; shrub or small tree; hills, sometimes on

limestone; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl.

Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, TFM1 384, C15 152; Murraya exotica L.,

FMP1 353; shrub or small tree to 5 m tall; wild on limestone hills, also

widely cultivated; K1, Pk.

Paramignya cuspidata (Ridl.) Swingle, TFM1 384; Atalantia cuspidata Ridl.,

FMP1 357; prickly shrub; lowland and hill forest; Pk, Ml; endemic.

176.15.2

176.15.3

176.16.1

176.16.2

176.17.1

176.17.2

176.18.1

176.18.2

176.18.3

176.18.4

LT.

lel

172.

177.1.3

Paramignya lobata Burkill, TFM1 384; Atalantia hispida auct. non

Guillaumin, FMP1 357; scandent shrub; lowlands; widespread; endemic.

Paramignya scandens (Griff.) Craib var. ridleyi (Burkill) Swingle, TFM1

384; Paramignya griffithii Hook.f., FMP1 356; woody climber; lowlands;

MI, Sp; endemic variety.

Tetractomia majus Hook.f., FMP1 346, TFM1 385, H20 145; tree to 15 m

tall; lowland peat swamp forest; MI, Jh; endemic.

Tetractomia tetrandum (Roxb.) Merr., TFM1 385, H20 132; Tetractomia

roxburghii Hook.f., nom. illeg., FAP1 346; Terminthodia viridiflora Ridl.,

FMP1 345, TFM1 385; Tetractomia holttumi Ridl., FMP5 295: shrub or tree

to 35 m tall; lowlands and mountains; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh, ?Sp.

Tetradium glabrifolium (Champ. ex Benth.) T.G. Hartley, H21 109, S66 139;

Euodia meliifolia (Hance ex Walp.) Benth., TFM1 379; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland forest; Bt Enggang ER. and Gg Jerai, Kd.

Tetradium sambucinum (Blume) T.G. Hartley, H21 100, $66 139; tree;

montane forest; once from Gg Mandi Angin, Tg.

Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC., H18 209, S41 31, TFM1 386; prickly

scandent shrub; montane forest margins; Cameron Highlands, Ph.

Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook./., FMP1 347, H18 185, TFM1

386; prickly-trunked tree to 25 m tall; hill forest to 1000 m; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl,

NS, MI.

Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC., H18 180, TFM1 386; Zanthoxylum

hirtellum Ridl., FMP1 347; prickly climbing shrub; Pk, Ph, SI, NS, Sp.

Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb.) DC., TFM2 386; Zanthoxylum limonella

(Dennst.) Alston, H18 197; prickly tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest; K1.

SABIACEAE

Sabia erratica van de Water, FM110 684; ? liana; lowland forest; only known

from type; Bt Timah, Sp (dubiously localized); endemic.

Sabia limoniacea Wall. ex Hook.f., FMP1 513, FM110 685; liana to 10 m

long; hill forest; Pn, Pk.

Sabia sumatrana Blume, FMP1 513, FM110 689; liana; lowland and hill

forest; Pk.

457

458

178.

178.1.1

i:

179.1

WSR ala

179.2.1b

P/Q Alc

LID

179.2.3

Woe

L/S ez

W933

179.4.1

Desa

SALICACEAE

Salix tetrasperma Roxb., FMP1 393, TFM4 433; narrow-leaved tree to 25

m tall; along rivers (male trees only); dubiously native in Pk, Ph, SI.

SANTALACEAE

Dendromyza reinwardtiana (Blume) Danser, $36 59, TFM2 342; Henslowia

reinwardtiana Blume, FMP3 169; twining hemiparasite; lowland forest; once

from Pk.

Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Mig. var. buxifolia, $36 54, TFM2 342;

Henslowia buxifolia Blume, FMP3 170; yellowish hemiparasitic shrubby

twiner; dry open forest often near the sea; P. Langkawi, Pn, Jh, Sp.

Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Miq. var. minor (Ridl.) Stauffer, $36 58;

Henslowia minor Ridl., FMP3 167; slender twining hemiparasite; Kd, Tg,

Ph.

Dendrotrophe buxifolia (Blume) Mig. var. multinervis Stauffer, $36 59;

twining hemiparasite; montane forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI.

Dendrotrophe umbellata (Blume) Miq., TFM2 342; Henslowia umbellata

Blume, FMP3 167; Henslowia monticola Gamble, FMP3 169; twining

hemiparasite; forest; widespread.

Dendrotrophe varians (Blume) Mig., TFM2 342; Henslowia ridleyi Gamble,

FMP3 167; Henslowia philippinensis A. DC., FMP3 168; Henslowia wrayi

Gamble, FMP3 168; Henslowia lobbiana A. DC., FMP3 169; Henslowia

varians Blume, FMP3 170; hemiparasitic twiner; widespread.

Dufreynoya euryphylla (Danser) Stauffer, $36 67; hemiparasitic shrub; once

from Ph.

Dufreynoya oresitropha (Danser) Stauffer, $36 66; hemiparasitic shrub;

Ph:

Dufreynoya papillosa Stauffer, $36 66; hemiparasitic shrub; montane forest

at 1200 m; Cameron Highlands, Ph; endemic.

Phacellaria malayana Ridl., FMP3 170; small leafless hyperparasitic

epiphytic shrub; on mistletoes in montane forest; Ph, SI.

Scleropyrum pentandrum (Dennst.) Mabb., M02 533; Scleropyrum maingayi

Hook.f., FMP3 171; Scleropyrum ridleyi Gamble, FMP3 171; Scleropyrum

wallichianum (Wight & Arn.) Arn., TFM2 343; spiny tree to 21 m tall;

lowland forest; scattered throughout.

180.

180.1.1

180.2.1

180.3.1

180.4.1

180.5.1

180.5.2a

180.5.2b

180.6.1

180.7.1

180.8.1

180.9.1

180.9.2

SAPINDACEAE

Allophylus cobbe (L.) Raeusch., TFM4 436 incl. vars. glaber Corner, limosus

Corner, marinus Corner, velutinus Corner and villosus Corner, FM111 459;

Allophylus fulvinervis (Blume) Blume, FMP1 489; Allophylus glaber Roxb.,

nom. illeg., FAP1 489; Allophylus ternatus Lour., FMP1 489; Allophylus

villosus (Roxb.) Blume, FMP1 490; Allophylus scandens Ridl., FMP1 490;

shrub or small tree to 15 m tall; lowland forests, often coastal; throughout.

Amesiodendron chinense (Merr.) Hu, TFM4 437, FMi11 467; tree to 30 m

tall; hill forest at 300-400 m; Kd, Pk, Ph, SI, NS.

Arytera littoralis Blume, FMP1 507, TFM4 438, FMi11 473; tree to 30 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, SI, MI.

Cardiospermum halicacabum L., FMP1 488, TFM4 434, FM111 484; trailing

or climbing vine; cultivated ground, waste places near the sea; widespread.

Dimocarpus fumatus (Blume) Leenh., TFM4 439, FMi11 515; tree to 20 m

tall; lowland forest; once each from Baling, Kd, and Ulu Trengganu, Tg.

Dimocarpus longan Lour. ssp. longan, TFM4 439, FMi11 518; Nephelium

longana Camb., FMP1 499; tree; lowland forest (longan of cultivation);

twice from Pk.

Dimocarpus longan Lour. ssp. malesianus Leenh., TFM4 439, FMi11 519;

Nephelium malaiense Griff., FMP1 503; Nephelium echinulatum (Radlk.)

Ridl., FMP1 503; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest (mata kuching of

cultivation); Tg, Pk, Jh.

Dodonaea viscosa Jacq., FMP1 510, TFM4 440, FMi11 526; shrub or small

tree to 6 m tall; sandy shores; mostly East Coast.

Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, TFM4 440, FMr11 538; tree to 24 m tall:

coastal forest; once from Tg Penawar, Jh.

Glenniea penangensis (Ridl.) Leenh., TFM4 440, FMil1 542; Tristira

penangensis Ridl., FMP1 496; tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest to

1000 m; widespread; endemic.

Guioa bijuga (Hiern) Radlk., TFM4 441, FMil1 567; Guioa pleuropteris

(Blume) Radlk. var. bijuga (Hiern) Ridl., FMP1 505; tree to 10 m tall;

lowland forest; common throughout.

Guioa diplopetala (Hassk.) Radlk., FM111 570; Guioa fuscidula (Kurz)

Radlk., FMP1 506, TFM4 442; Guioa squamosa Radlk., FMP 1 506, TFM4

442; Guioa microphylla Radlk., FMP1 506; Guioa sp. 1, TFM4 443; Guioa

sp. 2, TFM4 443; ?Guioa sp. 3, TFM4 443; tree to 18 m tall; lowland and hill

forest; northern half of the Peninsula.

459

460

180.9.3

180.9.4

180.10.1

180.10.2

180.11.1

180.11.2

180.11.3

180.11.4

180.11.5

180.11.6

180.11.7

180.12.1

180.13.1

Guioa pleuropteris (Blume) Radlk., FMP1 505, TFM4 442, FMi11 584; tree

to 10 m tall; coastal and riverine forest; widespread.

Guioa pubescens (Zoll. & Moritzi) Radlk., FMP1 506, TFM4 442, FMr11

591; tree to 15 m tall; secondary forest; NS southward.

Harpullia arborea (Blanco) Radlk., TFM4 444, FMi11 601; tree to 20 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk, Ph.

Harpullia cupanioides Roxb., TFM4 444, FMi11 606; Harpullia confusa

Blume, FMP1 510; Walsura villosa auct. non Wall., FMP1 412; tree to 16m

tall; lowland forest; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS.

Lepisanthes alata (Blume) Leenh., TFM4 445, FMi11 646; small tree; once

from Jh (possibly merely in cultivation).

Lepisanthes amoena (Hassk.) Leenh., TFM4 445, FMi11 636; Otophora

imbricata Blume, FMP1 495; shrub to 3 m tall; Ph, SI.

Lepisanthes ferruginea (Radlk.) Leenh., TFM4 445, FMi11 634; tree to 15

m tall; hill forest; Gg Bubu, Pk; P. Tioman.

Lepisanthes fruticosa (Roxb.) Leenh., TFM4 446, FMi11 643; Otophora

resecta Radlk., FMP1 495; Otophora sessilis King, FMP1 495; Otophora

erythrocalyx Hiern, FMP1 496; tree to 6 m tall; lowland forest, usually on

slopes; Kd, Pn, K1, Pk, Ph, SI, MI.

Lepisanthes rubiginosa (Roxb.) Leenh., TFM4 446, FMi11 648; Evioglossum

edule (Blume) Blume, FMP1 492; Lepisanthes hirta Ridl., FMP1 494; tree

to 10 m tall; coastal forest, widely cultivated; widespread.

Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.) Leenh., TFM4 446, FMil1 651; Aphania

paucijuga (Hiern) Radlk., FMP1 492; tree to 20 m tall; lowland and hill

forest to 1000 m; widespread.

Lepisanthes tetraphylla (Vahl) Radlk., TFM4 447, FMPS 301, FMi11 630;

Lepisanthes cuneata Hiern, FMP1 493; Lepisanthes kunstleri King, nom.

illeg., FMP1 493; Lepisanthes scortechinii King, FMP1 493 incl. var. hirta

Radlk.; Lepisanthes longifolia (Hiern) Radlk., FMP1 494; shrub or small

tree to 8 m tall; lowland forest; widespread.

Litchi chinensis Sonn., TFM4 447, FMi11 654; tree to 30 m tall; hill forest;

Kd, Tg, Pk, SI, NS.

Mischocarpus pentapetalus (Roxb.) Radlk., TFM4 449, FMi11 662;

Mischocarpus sumatranus Blume, FMP1 508; tree to 20 m tall; lowland

and hill forest to 1500 m; scattered.

180.13.2

180.14.1

180.14.2a

180.14.2b

=e

180.14.3

180.14.4

180.14.5a

180.14.Sb

180.14.6

180.14.7

180.14.8

180.14.9

Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume, TFM4 449, FMil1 667; Mischocarpus

lessertianus Ridl., FMP1 508; tree to 6 m tall; sandy or swampy coastal

forest; widespread.

Nephelium costatum Hiern, FMP1 501, TFM4 451, FMi11 673; tree to 18

m tall: lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml; endemic.

Nephelium cuspidatum Blume var. cuspidatum, TFM4 451, FMr11 676; tree

to 20 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Sl, NS, Sh.

Nephelium cuspidatum Blume var. eriopetalum (Mig.) Leenh., TFM4 451,

FMil1 676; Nephelium eriopetalum Mig., FMP1 502; tree to 22 m tall;

lowland forest; KI], Ph, Sl, NS, Jh.

Nephelium cuspidatum Blume var. ophioides (Radlk.) Leenh., TFM4 451,

FMil1 677; Nephelium ophioides Radlk., FMP1 502; tree to 23 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Ph, NS, Jh.

Nephelium hamulatum Radlk., FMP1 501, TFM4 452, FMr11 678:

Nephelium herveyi Ridl., FMP1 500 in part; tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, M1, Jh; endemic.

Nephelium juglandifolium Blume, TFM4 452, FMi11 679; Nephelium

tuberculatum Radlk., TFM4 452: tree to 30 m tall: lowland forest; scattered.

Nephelium lappaceum L. var. lappaceum, FMP1 499, TFM4 453, FMi11

682; Nephelium glabrum Noronha var. sufferugineum (Radlk.) Ridl., FMP1

499: tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 600 m (ubiquitously

cultivated): scattered in the wild.

Nephelium lappaceum L. var. pallens (Hiern) Leenh., TFM4 453, FMii1

683; tree to 25 m tall; swampy lowland forest to 400 m; scattered widely.

Nephelium laurinum Blume, TFM4 453, FMr11 684; Nephelium herveyi

Ridl., FMP1 500 in part, not including type; Nephelium caudifolium Ridl.,

FMP1 500; Nephelium rubescens Hiern, FMP1 500; tree to 20 m tall; wet

lowland forest, often near streams; widespread.

Nephelium maingayi Hiern, TFM4 454, FMi11 685; Nephelium glabrum

auct. non Noronha, FMP1 499; tree to 35 m tall; swampy lowland forest; K1

and Pk to Jh.

Nephelium melliferum Gagnep., TFM4 454, FMi11 688; tree to 30 m tall;

sandstone ridge (350 m); Gg Kerbat, Tg, and one other collection.

Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh., TFM4 454, FMi11 679;

Nephelium mutabile Blume, FMP1 501; tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest,

riverbanks; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Sp.

461

462

180.14.10

180.14.11

180.14.12

180.15.1

180.15.2

180.15.3

180.16.1

180.16.2

180.17.1

180.17.2

180.18.1

180.18.2

181.

181.1.1

Nephelium subfalcatum Radlk., TFM4 455, FMi11 692; tree to 38 m tall;

lowland forest, hillslopes; Pk, Ph, Jh.

Nephelium uncinatum Radlk. ex Leenh., TFM4 455, FMi11 692; tree to 20

m tall; lowland forest; Ulu Gombak, Sl.

Nephelium sp. 1, TFM4 455, FMi11 693; tree to 45 m tall; hill forest; Tapah

Hills, Pk; endemic.

Paranephelium macrophyllum King, FMP1 509, TEM4 456, FMi11 696; tree

to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Pk, Sp.

Paranephelium spirei Lecomte, TFM4 456, FMil11 696; tree to 15 m tall;

lowland forest; Ps, Pk, Ph.

Paranephelium xestophyllum Miq., TFM4 457, FMi11 696; Paranephelium

nitidum King, FMP1 509; tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest, sometimes on

limestone; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS.

Pometia pinnata J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., FMP1 504, TFM4 457, FMi11 701;

Pometia macrocarpa Kurz, FMP1 503; Pometia alnifolia (Blume) King,

FMP1 504; tree to 40 m tall; damp forest in the lowlands and hills;

throughout.

Pometia ridleyi King ex Radlk., TFM4 458, FMi11 703; tree to 50 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 750 m; Pk, Ph, SI, NS.

Trigonachras acuta (Hiern) Radlk., FMP1 507, TFM4 459, FMi11 735; tree

to 18 m tall; swampy lowland forest, often near the sea; K1, Ph, Sl, Ml, Sh.

Trigonachras sp. 1, TFM4 459; tree; lowland forest; once from Jenangau

ER., Tg; endemic.

Xerospermum laevigatum Radlk., FMP1 497, TFM4 461, FMi11 748;

Xerospermum unijugum Radlk., FMP1 497; tree to 30 m tall; lowland and

hill forest to 700 m; throughout.

Xerospermum noronhianum (Blume) Blume, TFM4 461, FMr11 750;

Xerospermum echinulatum Radlk., FMP1 497; Xerospermum intermedium

Radlk., FMP1 497; Xerospermum wallichii King, FMP1 498; tree to 25 m

tall; lowland forest to 500 m; widespread.

SAPOTACEAE

Chrysopyllum roxburghii G. Don, FMP2 257; Chrysophyllum lanceolatum

[non Casar.] (Blume) A. DC., TFM1 396, P15 221; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, Ph, SI, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

181.2.1

181.3.la

181.3.1b

181.4.1

181.4.2

181.4.3

181.4.4

181.4.5

181.4.6

181.4.7

181.4.8

181.4.9

Diploknema sebifera Pierre, TFM1 396, P15 164; big tree to 40 m tall;

lowland forest; K1, Pk.

Isonandra perakensis King & Gamble var. kelantanensis Ng, FMP1 400:

tree to 10 m tall; summits of limestone hills; Kl, Ph; endemic.

Isonandra perakensis King & Gamble var. perakensis, FMP1 261, TFM1

400, P15 154; small tree to 10 m tall; summits of limestone hills; three

limestone outcrops in the Kinta Valley, Pk; endemic.

Madhuca aristulata (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 404, P15 156; Bassia

aristulata King & Gamble, FMP2 266; tree to 10 m tall; once each from Gg

Bintang, Kd and Gopeng, Pk; endemic.

Madhuca calcicola P. Royen, TFM1 405; small tree; on limestone; P.

Langkawi; endemic.

Madhuca cuprea (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 405; Bassia cuprea

King & Gamble, FMP2 270; tree to 20 m tall; once collected but type lost,

Pk; endemic but doubtful species.

Madhuca curtisii (King & Gamble) Ridl., FMP5 319, P15 157; Bassia curtisii

King & Gamble, FMP2 268; Bassia perakensis (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam,

FMP2 269; Madhuca chrysocarpa (Pierre ex Dubard) Ridl., FMP5 342:

Ganua curtisii (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 397; tree to 25 m tall; hill

forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph.

Madhuca decipiens J. Sinclair, TFM1 405, P15 157; Payena grandiflora Ridl.,

FMP2 262 in part; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; Jh, Sp.

Madhuca erythrophylla (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 405, P15 157;

Bassia erythrophylla King & Gamble, FMP2 272; tree to 35 m tall; lowland

forest; Pn, Ph, Jh (once each).

Madhuca hirtiflora (Ridl.) H.J. Lam, FMPS5 319; Bassia hirtiflora Ridl.,

FMP2 266; Ganua hirtiflora (Ridl.) P. Royen, TFM1 398; tree to 12 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk, Jh.

Madhuca kingiana (Brace ex King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, FMPS5 319, P15

157; Bassia kingiana Brace ex King & Gamble, FMP2 267; Ganua kingiana

(Brace ex King & Gamble) Van den Assem, TFM1 399; tree to 27 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Madhuca korthalsii (Pierre ex Burck) H.J. Lam, TFM1 406, P15 157; Bassia

braceana King & Gamble, FMP2 270; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; ?K],

Pk) Ph, St

463

464

181.4.10

181.4.11

181.4.12

181.4.13

181.4.14

181.4.15

181.4.16

181.4.17

181.4.18

181.4.19

181.4.20

181.4.21a

Madhuca kunstleri (Brace ex King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 406, P15

157; Bassia kunstleri Brace ex King & Gamble, FMP2 267; tree to 18 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pk.

Madhuca laurifolia (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 406, P15 157; Bassia

laurifolia King & Gamble, FMP1 269 incl. vars. typica Ridl. and obtusa

Ridl.; Bassia rupicola (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, FMP2 269; tree to 30 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS, Jh.

Madhuca longistyla (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 407; Bassia

longistyla King & Gamble, FMP2 270; tree to 30 m tall; lowlands and

freshwater swamps; Pk; endemic.

Madhuca malaccensis (C.B. Clarke) H.J. Lam, TFM1 407, P15 158; Bassia

malaccensis (C.B. Clarke) King & Gamble, FMP2 268; Bassia elongata auct.

non Miq., FMP2 272; tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl,

NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Madhuca motleyana (de Vriese) J.F. Macbr., P15 158; Bassia motleyana

(de Vriese) C.B. Clarke, FMP2 271; Ganua motleyana (de Vriese) Pierre

ex Dubard, TFM1 399; tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest and swamps;

widespread.

Madhuca obtusifolia (King & Gamble) P. Royen, TFM1 408; Payena

obtusifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 264; tree; only known from type, Pk;

endemic.

Madhuca penangiana (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 408; Bassia

laurifolia King & Gamble var. parvifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 269; Bassia

penangiana King & Gamble, FMP2 269; tree to 25 m tall; hill and montane

forest; Kd, Pn, Pk; endemic.

Madhuca penicillata (King & Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 408; Bassia

penicillata King & Gamble, FMP2 268; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; K1,

Tg, Pk, Sl, NS; endemic.

Madhuca ridleyi H.J. Lam, TFM1 409; tree to 15 m tall; usually on limestone

hills; Ps, Kd, Kl, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Madhuca rufa (King & Gamble) P. Royen, TFM1 409; /sonandra rufa King

& Gambie, FMP2 261; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; thrice from Pk;

endemic.

Madhuca selangorica (King & Gamble) J. Sinclair, TFM1 410, P15 158;

Payena selangorica King & Gamble, FMP2 264; tree to 15 m tall; lowland

forest; Ph, Sl, NS; endemic.

Madhuca sericea (Mig.) H.J. Lam var. ridleyi (Gand.) Ng, TFM1 410; tree

to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Jh, Sp.

181.4.21b

181.4.22

181.4.23

181.4.24

181.4.25

181.4.26

181.4.27

181.4.28

181.4.29

181.5.1

181.6.1

181.7.1

181.7.2

181.7.3

181.7.4

181.7.5

Madhuca sericea (Mig.) H.J. Lam var. sericea, TFM1 410, P15 159; Bassia

argentea auct. non de Vriese, FMP2 270; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest:

Pk, Ph, NS, Sp.

Madhuca sessiliflora P. Royen, TFM1 410; tree to 5 m tall: swampy lowland

forest; Jh; endemic.

Madhuca sessilis (King & Gamble) Baehni, B05 36; Ganua sessilis (King

& Gamble) H.J. Lam, TFM1 399; Payena sessilis King & Gamble, FMP2

265; tree; once from Singapore.

Madhuca tomentosa H.J. Lam, FMP5 342, TFM1 411; tree to 10 m tall;

swampy lowland forest; Ph, Jh; endemic.

Madhuca tubulosa H.J. Lam, TFM1 411, P15 159: tree to 20 m tall; lowland

forest; Tg, Jh; endemic.

Madhuca utilis (Ridl.) H.J. Lam, TFM1 411, P15.159; Payena utilis Ridl.,

FMP2 265; Madhuca stenophylla H.J. Lam, FMPS 342; tree to 40 m tall:

lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Madhuca sp. A, TFM1 412: tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Jh; ?endemic.

Madhuca sp. B, TFM1 412: tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Jh; ?endemic.

Madhuca sp. C, TFM1 412; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Labis F.R., Jh: ?endemic.

Manilkara kauki (L.) Dubard, TFM1 414, P15 133; Mimusops kauki L.,

FMP2 278; tree to 23 m tall; rocky shores; Ph, Jh.

Mimusops elengi L., FMP2 278, TFM1 414, P15 123; tree to 15 m tall; rocky

headlands; Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd.

Palaquium burckii H.J. Lam, TFM1 419, P15 150; tree to 27 m tall; peat

swamp forest; Pontian, Jh.

Palaquium clarkeanum King & Gamble, FMP2 274 in part, TFM1 419; tree

to 45 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh.

Palaquium confertum H.J. Lam, TFM1 419; tree to 27 m tall; once from

swamp forest in Jh.

Palaquium gutta (Hook.f.) Baill., FMP2 274, TFM1 420, P15 150; tree to

25 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

Palaquium herveyi King & Gamble, FMP2 276, TFM1 420; tree to 50 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI.

465

466

181.7.6

181.7.7

181.7.8

SHE729

181.7.10

IEF IU

181.7.12

181.7.13

181.7.14

181.7.15

181.7.16

181.7.17

181.7.18

181.7.19

181.7.20

Palaquium hexandrum (Griff.) Baill., FMP2 277, TFM1 421, P15 151; tree

to 50 m tall; mostly lowland forest, a few records from much higher; Kd,

Pn, Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Palaquium hispidum H.J. Lam, FMP2 421; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, KI], Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, M1, Sp.

Palaquium impressinervium Ng, TFM1 422; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, K], Pk, Ph, NS.

Palaquium leiocarpum Boerl., TFM2 422, P15 151; tree to 35 m tall; lowland

freshwater swamp forest; Kl, Tg.

Palaquium macrocarpum Burck, TFM2 422; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest;

Sl, Sh.

Palaquium maingayi (C.B. Clarke) King & Gamble, FMP2 273, TFM1 423,

P15 151; tree to 30 m tall; lowland anmd hill forest; Kd, K], Pk, Ph, Sl, NS,

MI, Jh; endemic.

Palaquium microphyllum King & Gamble, FMP2 276, TFM1 423, P15 151;

tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

Palaquium obovatum (Griff.) Engl., FMP2 273, TFM1 423, P15 151; tree

to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Palaquium ottolanderi Koord. & Valeton, TFM1 424, P15 151; tree to 45 m

tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pk, Ph.

Palaquium oxleyanum Pierre, FMP2 275, TFM1 424; tree to 25 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, Sp; endemic.

Palaquium regina-montium Ng, TFM1 425, P15 151; tree to 25 m tall;

montane forest; Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Palaquium ridleyi King & Gamble, FMP2 276, TFM1 426; tree to 40 m tall;

lowland swamp forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck, TFM1 426, P15 152; Bassia cuneata

auct. non Blume, FMP2 272; Palaquium bancanum Burck, FMP2 275;

Palaquium calophylloides Ridl., FMP2 276; tree to 50 m tall; lowland to

montane forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Palaquium semaram H.J. Lam, TFM1 427; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest;

KI], Tg, Ph, Jh.

Palaquium stellatum King & Gamble, FMP2 277, TFM1 427, P15 152; tree

to 50 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, K1, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh.

181.7.21

181.7.22

181.8.1

181.8.2

181.8.3

181.8.4

181.8.5

181.8.6

181.8.7

181.8.8

181.8.9

181.8.10

181.9.1

181.9.2

Palaquium sukoei C.E.C. Fisch., TFM1 427; tree to 35 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; Tg, Pk, Jh.

Palaquium xanthochymum (de Vriese) Pierre ex Burck, FMP2 275, TFM1

428; tree to 40 m tall; swampy lowland forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh, Sp.

Payena acuminata (Blume) Pierre, TFM1 429, P15 160; tree to 15 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Tg, Ph.

Payena dasyphylla (Miq.) Pierre, FMP2 264, TFM1 430, P15 160; Bassia

caudata Ridl., FMP2 267; tree to 27 m tall: lowland to montane forest; K],

Pk, Ph, NS.

Payena lanceolata Ridl., FMP2 264, TFM1 430, P15 160; tree to 40 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Ps, Kd, KI.

Payena leerii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Kurz, FMP2 263, TFM1 432; tree to 40 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk, ?Sp.

Payena longipedicellata Brace ex King & Gamble, FMP2 262, TFM1 432;

tree to 35 m tall; lowland forest; once from Pk (type).

Payena lowiana Pierre, TFM1 432; tree to 35 m tall; once from Bt Berapit,

Pk.

Payena lucida (G. Don) A. DC., FMP2 263, TFM1 433, P15 160; Payena

dasyphylla (Miq.) Pierre var. glabrata King & Gamble, FMP2 265; tree to

20 m tall; lowland to montane forest; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, MI, Jh,

Sp.

Payena maingayi C.B. Clarke, FMP2 262, TFM1 433, P15 160; Payena

grandiflora Ridl., FMP2 262 in part; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest; Kd,

Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Payena obscura Burck, TFM1 433; Payena havilandii King & Gamble,

FMP2 263; tree to 35 m tall; lowland to lower montane forest; Kd, Pn, Pk,

Ph, Sl, Jh, Sp.

Payena sp. A, TFM1 434; tree to 27 m tall; lowland forest; twice from Bt

Bauk, Tg.

Pouteria firma (Mig.) Baehni, P15 198; Sideroxylon firmum (Miq.) Pierre

ex Burck, FMP2 260; Planchonella firma (Miq.) Dubard, TFM1 435; tree

to 25 m tall; montane forests, once on rocky coast; Kd, Pn, Ph, Jh.

Pouteria glabra (Ridl.) I.M. Turner, T24 223; Planchonella glabra (Ridl.)

H.J. Lam, TFM1 435; Sideroxylon glabrum Ridl., FMP2 259; tree to 27 m

tall; montane forest; known only from Fraser’s Hill, Ph.

467

468

181.9.3

181.9.4

181.9.5

181.9.6

181.9.7

181.10.1

181.10.2

182.

182.1.1

182.1.2

183.1.2

183.1.3

Pouteria linggensis (Burck) Baehni, P15 199; Chrysophyllum curtisii King

& Gamble, FMP2 257; Sideroxylon littorale Ridl., FMP2 259; Planchonella

linggensis (Burck) Pierre, FMP2 436; tree to 20 m tall; rocky coasts and hill

forest; Pn, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Pouteria maingayi (C.B. Clarke) Baehni, P15 199; Sideroxylon maingayi

C.B. Clarke, FMP2 258; Planchonella maingayi (C.B. Clarke) P. Royen,

TFM1 436; tree to 35 m tall; lowland and hill forest; throughout.

Pouteria malaccensis (C.B. Clarke) Baehni, TFM1 438, P15 199; Sideroxylon

malaccense C.B. Clarke, FMP2 258; tree to 35 m tall; lowland to lower

montane forest; throughout.

Pouteria obovata (R.Br.) Baehni, P15 199; Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook.

& Arn., FMP2 259; Planchonella obovata (R.Br.) Pierre, TFM2 437; tree

to 25 m tall; rocky and sandy shores, also on limestone; all coasts.

Pouteria paucinervia Erlee, TFM1 438; tree to 27 m tall; swampy lowland

forest; Tg, Jh.

Sarcosperma paniculatum (King) Stapf & King, FMP2 260, TFM1 440, P15

180; tree to 35 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

Sarcosperma uittienii H.J. Lam, TFM1 441; tree to 15 m tall; hill forest;

Ulu Gombak and Ulu Langat, Sl.

SCHISANDRACEAE

Kadsura lanceolata King, FMP1 21, $28 203; slender liana; hill forest;

Taiping Hills, Pk; Fraser’s Hill, Ph.

Kadsura scandens Blume, FMP1 20, $28 199; Kadsura cauliflora Blume,

FMP 1 20; slender liana; lowland forest; widespread.

SCROPHULARIACEAE

Adnosma caerulea R.Br., FMP2 474, Y05 26, Y06 147; aromatic herb to 60

cm tall; grassy places; widespread.

Adenosma hirsuta (Miq.) Kurz, FMP2 475, Y06 148 ‘hirsutum’; robust herb

to 1 m tall; sandy places; P. Langkawi, Pn.

Adenosma indiana (Lour.) Merr., Y05 29, Y06 150 ‘indianum’; Adenosma

capitata (Benth.) Benth. ex Hance, FMP2 474; herb to 60 cm tall; sandy

waste ground; widespread.

183.1.4

183.1.5

183.2.1

183.3.1

183.4.1

183.4.2

183.5.1

183.5.2

183.6.1

183.7.1

183.7.2

183.7.3

183.8.1a

183.8.1b

Adenosma inopinata Prain, FMP2 474; herb to 60 cm tall; damp grassy

places; mostly in the south.

Adenosma javanica (Blume) Koord., Y05 35, Y06 152; Adenosma ovata

(Benth.) Benth., FMP2 474 ‘ovatum’; low creeping herb; on shaded banks;

widespread.

Aeginetia pedunculata Wall., FMP2 488; parasitic herb to 15 cm tall; hill

forest; Pk.

Artanema longifolium (L.) Vatke, Y05 76, Y06 176, M47 514; Artanema

angustifolium Benth., FMP2 484; herb to 1 m tall; marshy places; Ps, Pn,

K1, Pk, Ph. Sl, Jh, ?Sp.

Bacopa floribunda (R.Br.) Wettst., Y05 24, Y06 146; Herpestis floribunda

R.Br., H31 57; herb to 50 cm tall; waste ground.

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst., Y05 21, Y06 145; Herpestis monnieri (L.)

Kunth, FMP2 475; prostrate succulent herb to 15 cm tall; damp places;

widespread.

Centranthera hispida R. Br., C15 157; herb; once from Selat Panchur, P.

Langkawi.

Centranthera tranquebarica (Spreng.) Merr., Y05 177, Y06 226;

Centranthera humifusa Wall. ex Benth., FMP2 487; herb to 15 cm tall; short

grass; P. Langkawi, Ml, Sp.

Christisonia scortechinii Prain, FMP2 489; fleshy white parasitic herb; hill

forest; Pk, SI.

Cyrtandromoea grandis Rid!., FMP2 543, B43 85, Y06 154; shrub to 2 m

tall; lowland and hill forest; Kl, Tg, Pk, Sl, NS, Sh.

Cyrtandromoea megaphylla Hemsl., FMP2 543, B43 84; spreading shrub

to 3 m tall; hill forest; Pk, Ph; endemic.

Cyrtandromoea subsessilis (Miq.) B.L. Burtt, B43 86, Y06 155;

Cyrtandromoea acuminata C.B. Clarke, FMP2 542; shrub to 1 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS.

Limnophila chinensis (Osbeck) Merr. ssp. aromatica (Lam.) T. Yamazaki,

Y04 600; Limnophila gratissima Blume, FMP2 478; Limnophila aromatica

(Lam.) Merr., P18 145; herb to 50 cm tall; pools in lowland forest; Pk, Ml,

Sp.

Limnophila chinensis (Osb.) Merr. ssp. chinensis, P18 151, Y04 598;

Limnophila hirsuta (Heyne ex Benth.) Benth., FMP2 477; herb to 40 cm

tall; damp places; Pk, MI (once each).

469

470

183.8.2

183.8.3

183.8.4

183.8.5

183.8.6

183.8.7

183.8.8

183.8.9

183.8.10

183.8.11

183.8.12

183.8.13

183.9.1

183.9.2

Limnophila erecta Benth., FMP2 477, P18 157, Y04 593, M47 526; herb to

30 cm tall; streams and pools; K1, Tg, Pk, Sl, MI, Sh.

Limnophila glabra (Benj.) Kerr, P18 121, Y04 582, Y06 163; Limnophila

griffithii Hook.f., FMP2 479; small tufted aquatic herb to 10 cm long; muddy

pools; MI.

Limnophila heterophylla (Roxb.) Benth., FMP2 479, P18 124, Y04 580,

Y06 162; slender aquatic herb to 50 cm long; pools, rice-fields; Ps, P.

Langkawi, MI.

Limnophila hippuridoides Philcox, P18 150; aquatic herb to 60 cm long;

pools; Pk, Ml; endemic.

Limnophila indica (L.) Druce, P18 115, Y04 581, Y06 163; amphibious herb

to 15 cm tall; ditches; once from Kd.

Limnophila laxa Benth., FMP2 478, P18 161, Y04 589, Y06 168; slender

flaccid herb to 25 cm tall; damp open places; Ps, P. Langkawi, Pn, Tg, Pk,

NS, MI, Sp.

Limnophila micrantha (Benth.) Benth., FMP2 476, P18 144, Y04 585, Y06

166: slender herb to 10 cm tall; rice-fields; Kd, Ph.

Limnophila repens (Benth.) Benth., P18 154, Y04 589, Y06 169; herb to 40

cm tall; Pn.

Limnophila rugosa (Roth) Merr., P18 135, Y04 584; Limnophila roxburghii

auct. non G. Don, FMP2 476; stout herb to 60 cm tall; muddy places; P.

Langkawi, Pk.

Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume, FMP2 478, P18 112, Y04 579; aquatic

herb to 40 cm tall; rice-fields, ditches, pools; P. Langkawi, Sp.

Limnophila villifera Mig., FMP2 477, P18 140; herb to 70 cm tall; once

from Pk.

Limnophila villosa Blume, FMP2 477, P18 141, M47 528; aromatic herb to

40 cm tall; ditches and damp spots; common and widespread.

Lindernia anagallis (Burm.f.) Pennell, P17 45, Y06 192, M47 530; Vandellia

pedunculata Benth., FMP2 481; herb to 50 cm tall; marshy ground; Kd, Tg,

Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

Lindernia antipoda (L.) Alston, P17 57, Y06 199, M47 532; Bonnaya

veronicifolia (Retz.) Spreng., FMP2 486 incl. vars. grandiflora (Retz.)

Hook.f. and verbenifolia (Colsm.) Hook.f.; herb to 30 cm tall; damp grassy

places; P. Langkawi, Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, SI, M1, Sp.

5 i a ee

183.9.3

183.9.4

183.9.5

183.9.6

183.9.7

183.9.8

183.9.9

183.9.10

183.9.11

183:912

183.9.13

183.10.1

183.11.1

Lindernia caespitosa (Blume) Panigrahi, P02 320; Vandellia scabra Benth.,

FMP2 480; Lindernia pusilla (Willd.) Bold., P17 41; herb to 10 cm tall;

open sandy places; Pn, KI, Tg, NS, Sp.

Lindernia ciliata (Colsm.) Pennell, P17 51, Y06 200, M47 534: Bonnaya

brachiata Link & Otto, FMP2 485; herb to 20 cm tall; damp spots by streams;

Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, MI, Sp.

Lindernia crustacea (L.) F. Muell., P17 17, Y06 193, M47 536; Vandellia

crustacea (L.) Benth., FMP2 479; herb to 20 cm tall; sandy waste ground,

paths and drains; throughout.

Lindernia elata (Benth.) Wettst., Y03 20, Y06 187; Vandellia elata Benth.,

FMP2 481 in part; Lindernia urticifolia (Hance) Bonati, P17 31; herb to 25

cm tall; paddy-fields; once from near Besut, Tg.

Lindernia mollis (Benth.) Wettst., Y05 91, Y06 186; Vandellia mollis Benth.,

FMP2 480; Lindernia montana [non Hiern] (Blume) Koord., P17 44; herb

to 20 cm tall; pathways; Pk.

Lindernia multiflora (Roxb.) Mukerjee, P17 36; Vandellia multiflora (Roxb.)

G. Don, FMP2 480; herb to 15 cm tall; damp sandy places; once from near

Kangar, Ps.

Lindernia nummulariifolia (D. Don) Wettst.; $30 80; Lindernia sessiliflora

(Benth.) Wettst., P17 10; herb to 10 cm tall; short grass; MI, Sp; ?naturalized.

Lindernia procumbens (Krock.) Borbas, P17 29, Y05 82, Y06 181, M47

540: herb to 25 cm tall; once from Pn.

Lindernia ruellioides (Colsm.) Pennell, P17 54, Y06 201; Bonnaya reptans

(Roxb.) Spreng, FMP2 485; herb to 20 cm tall; wet spots in the lowlands

and hills; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Lindernia tenuifolia (Colsm.) Alston, P17 62; herb to 15 cm tall; marshy

ground; Tg.

Lindernia viscosa (Hornem.) Bold., P17 38, Y05 90, Y06 184; Vendellia

hirsuta Benth., FMP2 480; herb to 15 cm tall; open sandy places; KI, Tg,

Pk, Ph, Sp.

Mazus pumilus (Burm.f.) Steenis, Y05 45, Y06 159; Mazus rugosus Lour.,

FMP2 473; stoloniferous herb; weed of cultivation; Sp.

Microcarpaea minima (J. Konig ex Retz.) Merr., YO5 156, Y06 215, M47

542 ‘Mitracarpaea’; Microcarpaea muscosa R.Br., FMP2 486; small tufted

herb to 10 cm tall; pond margins, damp places; Pk, Sp.

47]

472

183.12.1

183.13.1

183.14.1

183.15.1

183.16.1

183.16.2

183.16.3

183.16.4

183.16.5

183.16.6

183.16.7

183.17.1

184.

184.1.1

184.1.2

Picria fel-terrae Lour., Y05 37, Y06 153 ; Curanga amara Juss., FMP2 484,

C15 157; herb to 30 cm tall; lowland forest, also on limestone; K1, Pk, Ph,

SI.

Scoparia dulcis L., FMP2 488, Y06 218, M47 544; herb to 60 cm tall; waste

ground; common throughout; naturalized from tropical America.

Stemodia verticillata (Mill.) Bold., Y05 72; herb to 30 cm tall; roadsides,

waste places; Sp.

Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze, Y06 232, M47 546; Striga hirsuta Benth., FMP2

487; slender hemi-parasitic herb to 15 cm tall; short sward; widespread.

Torenia atropurpurea Ridl., FMP2 483; Schizotorenia atropurpurea (Ridl.)

T. Yamaz., Y06 206; creeping herb; banks in montane forest; Kd, Pk, Ph,

SL.

Torenia bimaculata Ridl., FMP2 482; herb to 30 cm tall; river banks; Sg

Chaning, KI.

Torenia caelestis Ridl., FMP2 483; slender creeping herb; grassy paths; Kota

Tinggi, Jh.

Torenia ciliata Sm., FMP2 482; herb to 30 cm tall; waysides; Ps, Kd, Pn, K],

Pk.

Torenia flava Buch.-Ham. ex Benth., FMP2 483, Y04 606, Y06 207; herb to

30 cm tall; pathsides; Pk.

Torenia polygonoides Benth., FMP2 484; Legazpia polygonoides (Benth.)

T. Yamaz., Y05 154, Y06 214; slender prostrate herb; damp grassy places;

common throughout.

Torenia violacea (Azaola ex Blanco) Pennell, Y04 620, Y06 212, M47 548;

Torenia peduncularis Benth. ex Hook.f., FMP2 482; herb to 30 cm tall; by

forest streams; Kd, Pn, KI, Pk, NS, MI.

Wightia borneensis Hook.f., FMP2 472; climbing arborescent epiphyte; hill

forest; Pk, Ph, MI.

SIMAROUBACEAE

Ailanthus integrifolia Lam., FMi6 218, TFM2 346; tree to 24 m tall; lowland

forest; once from Seletar Reservoir, Sp.

Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston, FM16 219, TFM2 346; tree to 18 m

tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Pk.

184.2.1

184.3.1

184.3.2

184.4.1

184.6.1

185.

185.1.1

185.2.1

185.2.2

185.2.3

185.3.1

185.4.1

185.4.2

185.4.3

Brucea javanica (L.) Merr., FMi6 211, TFM2 348; Brucea sumatrana Roxb.,

FMP1 361; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; open country; throughout but

commoner in the north.

Eurycoma apiculata Benn., FMP1 363, FM16 206, TFM2 349; treelet to 5m

tall; usually in the mountains, about 1200 m; widespread.

Eurycoma longifolia Jack, FMP1 362, FMi6 205, TFM2 349; treelet to 5m

tall; lowlands and hills; throughout.

Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr., FM16 208, TFM2 350; Harrisonia

bennettii Benn., FMP1 360; ?Harrisonia brownii auct. non A. Juss., FMP1

360; scandent prickly shrub; open country; Ps, ?Kd, ?Pk.

Picrasma javanica Blume, FMP1 361, FMi6 214, TFM2 351; tree to 24 m

tall; lowland forest to 750 m; Pk, SI, NS, MI.

Quassia indica (Gaertn.) Noot., FM16 199, TFM2 352: Samadera indica

Gaertn., FMP1 363; tree to 20 m tall; tidal swamps; Jh, Sp.

SOLANACEAE

Browallia americana L., $53 144, T19 126; herb; weed of cultivation; hill

stations; Cameron Highlands and Genting Highlands, Ph; naturalized from

tropical America.

Lycianthes biflora (Lour.) Bitter, B03 476; Solanum biflorum Lour., FMP2

467, C15 158; Solanum decemdentatum Roxb., FMP2 466, C15 158; shrub:

mostly limestone; KI], Ph, SI.

Lycianthes laevis (Dunal) Bitter, $53 144; Solanum blumei Nees, FMP2

466; shrub to 2 m tall; hill and montane forest; widespread.

Lycianthes parasitica (Blume) Bitter, B03 476; Solanum parasiticum Blume,

FMP2 466; epiphytic shrub to 1 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Jh.

Physalis minima L., FMP2 470; herb to 45 cm tall; waste ground, sea shores;

widespread. .

Solanum capsicoides All.,H38 374; Solanum aculeatissimum auct. non Jacq.,

FMP2 468; prickly herb to 30 cm tall; sandy sea shores; widespread;

naturalized from tropical America.

Solanum coagulans Forssk., FMP2 468; prickly shrub; waste ground; K1],

Sp.

Solanum erianthum D. Don, H38 369; Solanum verbascifolium auct. non

L., FMP2 466; shrub to 3 m tall; open ground; Kd, Pn, KI, Ph, SI.

473

474

185.4.4

185.4.5

185.4.6

185.4.7

185.4.8

185.4.9

185.4.10

185.4.11

186.

186.1.1

186.1.2

187.

187.1.1

187.2.1

187.2.2

Solanum indicum L., FMP2 468; shrub to 2 m tall; waste ground; KI], Ph, Sl,

MI.

Solanum involucratum Blume, FMP2 467; prickly shrub; open places; Ps,

Pk.

Solanum lasiocarpum Dunal, H38 371; Solanum ferox sensu auctt., non L.,

FMP2 467; prickly shrub to 1 m tall; waste ground; widespread.

Solanum mammosum L., FMP2 467; shrub to 1 m tall; roadsides, waste

ground; naturalized from tropical America.

Solanum nigrum L., FMP2 465; herb to 1 m tall; waste ground; common

throughout.

Solanum sarmentosum Nees, FMP2 469; procumbent prickly shrub; garden

weed, waste ground; Ph, Ml, Sp.

Solanum torvum Sw., FMP2 468, H38 376; shrub to 2 m tall; waste ground,

sometimes cultivated; widespread.

Solanum trilobatum L., FMP2 469, H38 380; slender thorny climber; waste

ground; Pn, SI, MI; naturalized from continental Asia.

STAPHYLEACEAE

Turpinia ovyalifolia Elmer, FM16 58, TFM1 448; Turpinia trifoliata Ridl.,

FMP1 511; shrub or tree to 8 m tall; lowland and hill forest, sometimes on

limestone; P. Langkawi, KI, Pk, SI, NS.

Turpinia sphaerocarpa Hassk., FM16 57, TFM1 448; Turpinia latifolia Wall.

ex Ridl., FMP1 512; Turpinia laxiflora Ridl., FMP1 512; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp.

There is also one doubtful record of Turpinia pomifera (Roxb.) DC. [FM16

58, TFM1 448] from montane forest in Pk.

STERCULIACEAE

Abroma augusta (L.) Willd., FMP1 286, FMP2 355; shrub to 2 m tall; open

places; Pk, Ph, SI.

Byttneria brevipes Ridl., FMP1 287; slender liana; forest margins; Pk;

? endemic.

Byttneria curtisii Oliv., FMP1 287; slender liana; lowland and hill forest;

scattered.

187.2.3

187.2.4

187.2.5

187.2.6

187.3.1

187.4.1

187.5.1

187.5.2

187.5.3

187.5.4

187.6.1

187.6.2

187.6.3

187.6.4

187.6.5

187.6.6

187.6.7

Byttneria elegans Ridl., FMP1 288; slender liana; river banks; Pk, Ph.

Byttneria elliptica Mast., FMP1 288; climbing shrub; MI.

Byttneria jackiana Wall., FMP1 287; liana; lowland and hill forest;

widespread.

Byttneria maingayi Mast., FMP1 286; liana; lowland forest margins;

widespread.

Commersonia bartramia (L.) Merr., TFM2 357; Commersonia platyphylla

Andr., FMP1 288; tree to 12 m tall; lowland disturbed sites; widespread.

Firmiana malayana Kosterm., TFM2 357; Erythropsis fulgens (Wall. ex

Mast.) Ridl., FMP1 277; deciduous tree to 24 m tall; lowland and hill forest

to 1200 m; NS northward.

Helicteres angustifolia L., FMP1 282, C14 160; Helicteres lanceolata DC.;

H33 411; shrub to 1 m tall; sandy and rocky places, limestone; widely

scattered.

Helicteres hirsuta Lour., FMP1 281; shrub to 3 m tall; open country

including limestone; widespread.

Helicteres isora L., FMP1 281; shrub; open country; Pn, Pk, Ph.

Helicteres viscida Blume, FMP1 281; shrub to 2 m tall; open country; KI],

Ph.

Heritiera borneensis (Merr.) Kosterm., TFM2 360; Tarrietia unifoliolata

Ridl., FMP1 279; tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Ph, NS, Jh.

Heritiera elata Ridl., FMP1 280, TFM2 361; coppery-crowned tree to 33 m

tall; lowland forest; Tg, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Heritiera javanica (Blume) Kosterm., TFM2 361; tree to 42 m tall; lowland

forest to 600 m; Kd, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, Jh.

Heritiera kunstleri (King) Kosterm., TFM2 361; Tarrietia kunstleri King,

FMP!1 279; tree to 30 m tall; hill forest; once from Gg Bubu, Pk.

Heritiera littoralis Dryand., FMP1 279, TFM2 361; small bushy tree to 15

m tall; sea shores, mangrove swamps; all coasts.

Heritiera pterospermoides Kosterm., TFM2 363, C15 160; tree to 18 m tall;

on limestone hills; Kd, Pk.

Heritiera simplicifolia (Mast.) Kosterm., TFM2 363; Tarrietia simplicifolia

Mast., FMP1 278: tree to 45 m tall; lowland forest; Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS,

MI, Jh, Sp.

475

476

187.6.8

187.6.9

187.7.1

187.8.1

187.8.2

187.9.1

187.9.2

187.10.1

ihisi7/s EIT

187.11.2

187.12.1

187.12.2

18 7A2-3

187.12.4

187.12.5

Heritiera sumatrana (Miq.) Kosterm., TFM2 364; Tarrietia perakensis King,

FMP1 278; Tarietia curtisii King, FMP1 278; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest;

Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh.

Heritiera sp. A, TFM2 364; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; once from Ulu

Endau, Jh; ?endemic.

Kleinhovia hospita L., FMP1 280, TFM2 364; tree to 20 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, Pk.

Leptonychia caudata (Wall. ex G. Don) Burret, V33 451; Leptonychia glabra

Turcz., FMP1 289 incl. var. mastersiana King, TFM2 365; shrub or small

tree to 12 m tall; lowlands to lower montane forest; Ps, Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph,

Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

Leptonychia parviflora (Ridl.) Veldkamp & Flipphi, V33 455;

Leptonychiopsis parviflora Ridl., FMP1 290, TFM2 355; small tree;

disturbed sites in lowland forest; Gg Panti and Gg Pulai, Jh; endemic.

Melochia corchorifolia L., FMP1 284, G11 304, TFM2 366, M47 554;

subshrub to 60 cm tall; waste ground, open grassy places; throughout.

Melochia umbellata (Houtt.) Stapf, TFM2 366, G11 220; Melochia velutina

Wall. ex Bedd., FMP1 285; tree to 10 m tall; often near rivers, disturbed

sites; MI northward.

Pentapetes phoenicea L., FMP1 284; herb to 120 cm tall; open places; Ps.

Pterocymbium javanicum R.Br., FMP1 276, TFM2 366; tree; alluvial flats

of river floodplains; NS northward.

Pterocymbium tubulatum (Mast.) Pierre, FMP1 277, TFM2 367; tree;

lowland forest; K1, MI, Jh, Sp.

Pterospermum acerifolium (L.) Willd., TFM2 368; tree to 30 m tall; lowlands

and hills, also on limestone; Ps, K1, Ph, SI.

Pterospermum diversifolium Blume, FMP1 282, TFM2 368; tree to 20 m

tall; lowland forest; scattered.

Pterospermum jackianum Wall. ex Mast., FMP1 283, TFM2 369; tree to 15

m tall; lowlands, sometimes on limestone; P. Langkawi, Pn, KI.

Pterospermum javanicum Jungh., TFM2 369; Pterospermum blumeanum

Korth., FMP1 283; tree to 42 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; Kd,

Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Pterospermum lancifolium Roxb., TFM2 369; tree to 15 m tall; open country

and on limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd, Pk.

187.12.6

187.13.1

187.14.1

187.14.2

187.14.3

187.14.4

187.15.1

187.15.2

187.15.3

187.15.4

187.15.5

187.15.6

187.15.7

187.15.8

187.15.9

187.15.10

Pterospermum pectiniforme Kosterm., TFM2 369; tree to 23 m tall; on

limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi.

Pterygota alata (Roxb.) R. Br., TFM2 371; tree to 50 m tall; lowland forest

near rivers; NS and Ph northward.

Scaphium linearicarpum (Mast.) Pierre, FMP1 275, TFM2 374; tree to 36

m tall; lowland forest to 720 m; Kd, KI], Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh, Sp.

Scaphium longiflorum Ridl.. FMP1 276, TFM2 374; tree to 36 m tall:

swampy lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Sl, Jh; endemic.

Scaphium macropodum (Mig.) Beumée ex Heyne, TFM2 374; Scaphium

affine (Mast.) Pierre, FMP1 275; tree to 45 m tall; lowland and hill forest to

1200 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Scaphium scaphigerum (G. Don) Guibourt & Planch., TFM2 376; tree to

36 m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, K1, Pk.

Sterculia balanghas L.,T06 140; shrub, shale beach; once from P. Langkawi.

Sterculia coccinea Jack, TFM2 377, T06 129: Sterculia laevis Wall., FMP1

269; Sterculia elongata Ridl., FMP1 270, TFM2 377; Sterculia neriifolia Ridl.,

FMPS 292; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland forest ; common throughout.

Sterculia cordata Blume, TFM2 378, T06 63; Sterculia javanica R. Br., FMP1

274; tree to 30 m tall: lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Sl, MI, Jh.

Sterculia cuspidata R.Br., T06 126; Sterculia hyposticta auct.non Miq.,FMP1

269, TEM2 377; Sterculia microphylla Ridl., TFM2 377; Sterculia sp. D, TFM2

377; small tree to 10 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS,

MI, Jh.

Sterculia foetida L., FMP1 268, TFM2 378, T06 44; tree to 30 m tall; rocky

and sandy coasts; north and east of Malaya.

Sterculia gilya Miq., T06 106; Sterculia bicolor Mast., FMP1 274, TFM2

378; tree to 40 m tall; mostly swamp forest; Tg, Pk, Ph, Ml, Jh.

Sterculia hypochra Pierre, T06 53; tree to 30 m tall; on limestone; P.

Langkawi.

Sterculia lancaviensis Ridl., FMP1 270, TFM2 377, T06 145, C15 161; small

tree; limestone; P. Langkawi, KI.

Sterculia macrophylla Vent., FMP1 268, TFM2 382, T06 68; tree to 36 m

tall; lowland forest to 450 m; Kd, KI], Pk, Sl, M1, Jh, Sp.

Sterculia megistophylla Ridl., T06 93; Sterculia sp. B, TFM2 378; tree to 20

m tall; Sg Lembing, Ph, and Sg Kayu Ara, Jh.

477

478

187.15.11

187.15.12

1S7alsals

187.15.14a

187.15.14b

187.15.14¢

187.15.15

187.15.16

187.16.1

187.16.2

188.

188.1.1

189.

189.1.1a

Sterculia oblongata R.Br., T06 150; Sterculia kunstleri King, FMP1 270,

TEM2 382; Sterculia sp. A, TFM2 377 in part; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI.

Sterculia parviflora Roxb., FMP1 271, TFM2 382,106 50; Sterculia holttumii

Ridl., R14 471; briefly deciduous tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; P.

Langkawi, K1, Tg, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

Sterculia parvifolia Wall. ex R.Br., FMP1 270, TFM2 377, T06 128; small

tree to 10 m tall; hill forest; Pn, Pk, SI.

Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. var. ensifolia (Mast.) Ridl., FMP1 273, TFM2

378, T06 84; Sterculia angustifolia auct. non Roxb., FMP1 274, TFM2 378,

C14 161; tree to 12 m tall; lowland and hill forest, also on limestone;

widespread.

Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. var. rubiginosa, FMP1 271, TFM2 378, T06 80;

Sterculia brachycarpa Ridl., FMP1 273, TFM2 378; Sterculia rostrata Ridl.,

FMP1 273, TFM2 378; Sterculia sp. C, TFM2 378; tree to 10 m tall; lowland

to montane forest; throughout.

Sterculia rubiginosa Vent. var. setistipula (Merr.) Tantra, T06 86; Sterculia

hispidissima Ridl., FMP1 273; small tree; hill forest; SI.

Sterculia scortechinii King, FMP1 271, TFM2 377, T06 51; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland forest; Pk, Jh.

Sterculia stipulata Korth., T06 88; tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest; once

from Kuala Trengganu, Tg.

Waltheria arenaria Ridl., FMP1 285; wiry creeper; sandy places near the

sea; Kuala Kelantan, KI; ?endemic.

Waltheria indica L., FMP1 285; shrub to | m tall; sea shores; MI, Sp.

STYLIDIACEAE

Stylidium tenellum Sw., FMP2 197, FM14 530; slender herb to 20 cm tall;

wet grassy places, rice-fields; north of Malaya.

STYRACACEAE

Styrax benzoin Dryand. var. benzoin, FMP2 297, FM14 52, TFM3 263; tree

to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 800 m; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, M1,

Jh, Sp.

189.1.1b

189.1.2a

189.1.2b

18953

189.1.4

189.1.5

190.

190.1.1

190.1.2

190.1.3

190.1.4

190.1.5

190.1.6

Styrax benzoin Dryand. var. hiliferum Steenis, FM14 52, TFM3 263; tree to

30 m tall; lowland forest; Ph.

Styrax crotonoides C.B. Clarke ssp. crotonoides, FMP2 298, FM14 53, TFM3

263; tree to 30 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, Pk, Jh, Sp.

Styrax crotonoides C.B. Clarke ssp. fraserensis (RE. Putz & Ng) Steenis,

FM19 568; Styrax fraserensis F.E. Putz & Ng, TFM3 263; small tree; montane

forest at 1300 m; Fraser’s Hill, Ph; endemic.

Styrax paralleloneurus Perkins, FM14 53, TFM3 264; tree to 27 m tall;

montane forest at 800-1700 m; Kd, Pk, Ph, Sl.

Styrax ridleyanus Perkins, FM19 569 ‘ridleyanum’; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

forest; Tg, ?Ph.

Styrax serrulatus Roxb. var. rugosus Steenis, FMP2 296, FMi4 55, TFM3

264 ‘serrulatum vat. rugosunr ; tree to 17 m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Pn, Ph,

MI.

SYMPLOCACEAE

Symplocos adenophylla Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2 303 incl. vars. montana

Ridl. and virgata Wall. ex Brand, FMi8 239, TFM3 268; Symplocos fulvosa

King & Gamble, FMP2 300; Symplocos pruniflora Ridl., FMP2 304; shrub

or tree to 15 m tall; sea coasts to montane forest at 1500 m; widespread.

Symplocos anomala Brand, FM18 239, TFM3 268; Symplocos concolor

Brand, FMP2 304; shrub or tree to 12 m tall; lower montane forest at 1000

m; Pn, Pk.

Symplocos barringtoniifolia Brand, FM18 242, TFM3 268; Symplocos rigida

(non G. Don) C.B. Clarke, FMP2 306; tree to 24 m tall; lowland and hill

forest to 750 m; Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh.

Symplocos calycodactylos Brand, FMP2 305, FMi8 244, TFM3 268; shrub

to 3 m tall; hill forest at 900-1000 m; once each from Kd and Pk; endemic.

Symplocos celastrifolia Griff. ex C.B. Clarke, FMP2 302, FM18 244, TFM3

269; tree to 30 m tall; lowland to montane forest; Pn, KI, Tg, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh,

Sp.

Symplocos cerasifolia Wall. ex DC., FMP2 306, FM18 245, TFM3 269: tree

to 24 m tall; lowland to montane forest at 1200 m; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, NS,

MI.

479

480

190.1.7a

190.1.7b

190.1.8a

190.1.8b

190.1.8¢

190.1.8d

190.1.8e

190.1.9

190.1.10

190.1.11a

190.1.11b

190.1.12

190.1.13

Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore ssp. cochinchinensis, FM18

246, TFM3 269; Symplocos ferruginea Roxb., FMP2 302; tree to 18 m tall;

lowland to montane forest; Pn, KI, Tg, Ph, NS, M1.

Symplocos cochinchinensis (Lour.) S. Moore ssp. laurina (Retz.) Noot.,

FMi8 248, TFM3 269; Symplocos spicata Roxb., FMP2 301; tree to 18 m

tall; lowland and hills to 1500 m; P. Langkawi, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, MI.

Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke var. brandiana (King & Gamble) Noot.,

FMi8 257, TFM3 270; Symplocos brandiana King & Gamble, FMP2 304;

tree to 8 m tall; lowland to montane forest; Pk, Sl, Jh; endemic variety.

Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke var. crassipes, FMP2 305, FMi8 257, TFM3

270; shrub; only known from type, Jh; endemic variety.

Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke var. curtisii (Oliv.) Noot., FM18 257, TFM3

270; Symplocos monticola King & Gamble, FMP2 301; Symplocos curtisii

Oliv., FMP2 305; shrub to 5 m tall; lowland to montane forest, 300-1200 m;

Tg, Pk, Ph, SI. :

Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke var. ernae (Brand) Noot., FMi8 258, TFM3

270; small tree; lower montane forest; once from near Taiping, Pk.

Symplocos crassipes C.B. Clarke var. penangiana (King & Gamble) Noot.,

FMi8 258, TFM3 270; Symplocos penangiana King & Gamble, FMP2 306;

tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest; Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh.

Symplocos fasciculata Zoll., FMP2 301, FM18 259, TFM3 270; small tree to

15 m tall; lowland forest, common in secondary stands; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI,

Jh.

Symplocos glomerata King ex C.B. Clarke, FM18 260, TFM3 270; small tree

to 6 m tall; montane forest at 1500 m; summit of Gg Lawit, Tg.

Symplocos henschelii (Moritzi) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke var. henschelii, FM18

214, TFM3 270; Cordyloblaste scortechinii Ridl., FMP2 309; tree to 30 m

tall; montane forest; Kd, Ph, Jh.

Symplocos henschelii (Moritzi) Benth. ex C.B. Clarke var. maingayi (Benth.

ex C.B. Clarke) Noot., FM18 214, TFM3 272; Cordyloblaste maingayi (Benth.

ex C.B. Clarke) Ridl., FMP2 309; tree to 21 m tall; lowland forest; Pk, MI,

Jh.

Symplocos laeteviridis Stapf, FM18 261, TFM3 272; small tree; lower

montane forest at 1000 m; once from Maxwell’s Hill, Pk.

Symplocos lucida (Thunb.) Siebold & Zucc., FM18 264; Symplocos ridleyi

King & Gamble, FMP2 302; shrub or tree to 20 m tall; lowland forest; Sp.

190.1.14

190.1.15

190.1.16a

190.1.16b

190.1.16c

190.1.17a

190.1.17b

190.1.18

190.1.19

190.1.20

190.1.21

190.1.22

Symplocos nivea Brand, FMP2 300, FMi8 265, TFM3 272; tree to 18 m tall;

lowland forest; once each from Pn and Jh; endemic.

Symplocos odoratissima (Blume) Choisy & Zoll., FMP2 299, FMi8 266,

TEMS 272; Symplocos pulverulenta King & Gamble, FMP2 300; tree to 30

m tall; lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Jh.

Symplocos ophirensis C.B. Clarke ssp. ophirensis var. densireticulata Noot.,

FMi8 268, TFM3 272; shrub 2-4 m tall; montane forest at 1500 m; twice

from Cameron Highlands, Ph.

Symplocos ophirensis C.B. Clarke ssp. ophirensis var. ophirensis, FMP2

305, FM18 267, TFM3 272: shrub or small tree; montane forest above 1200

m; Pk, SI, Jh; endemic variety.

Symplocos ophirensis C.B. Clarke ssp. perakensis (King & Gamble) Noot.,

FMi8 268, TFM3 273; Symplocos caudata auct. non Wall. ex G. Don, FMP2

300; Symplocos perakensis King & Gamble, FMP2 304: tree to 18 m tall:

lowland forest; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS.

Symplocos pendula Wight var. hirtistylis (C.B. Clarke) Noot., FM18 215,

TEMS 273; Cordyblaste confusa (Brand) Ridl., FMP2 307; Cordyloblaste

obovata Ridl., FMP2 308; Cordyblaste crenulata Ridl., FMP2 309; shrub or

tree; montane forest above 1200 m; Ph, Jh.

Symplocos pendula Wight var. pendula, FM18 214, TEFM3 273; Cordyloblaste

pulcherrima (Ridl.) Ridl., FMP2 308; shrub or tree; montane forest above

1200 m; Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Sh.

Symplocos pyriflora Rid!., FMP2 307, FMi8 270, TFM3 273; small tree;

montane forest at 1450 m; once each from Gg Tapis and Gg Tahan, Ph;

endemic.

Symplocos rubiginosa Wall. ex DC., FMP2 306, FMi8 271, TFM3 273; tree

to 18 m tall; lowland to montane forest; Kd, Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh,

Sp.

Symplocos sumuntia Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don, FMi8 271, TFM3 274; shrub

or small tree; montane forest at 1800 m; once each from Cameron Highlands

and Gg Tahan, Ph.

Symplocos tricoccata Noot., FM18 272, TFM3 274; shrub to 4 m tall; twice

from Pk.

Symplocos wikstroemiifolia Hayata, FM18 263; Symplocos microtricha

Hand.-Mazz., TFM3 272; shrub or tree to 20 m tall: hill and montane forest;

Ph.

481

482

191:

OTE

1972.

192.1.1

192.1.2

1 7eS

192.1.4

1S2EIES

192.1.6

WOPE NaF)

O29

192.1.10

192.3.1

TETRAMERISTACEAE

Tetramerista glabra Mig., FMP1 367, TFM4 470; tree to 35 m tall; lowland

freshwater and peat swamp forests; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, MI, Jh, Sp.

THEACEAE

Adinandra acuminata Korth., FMP1 194, TFM3 277; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland to lower montane forest at 1200 m; Kd to Sp.

Adinandra angulata Ridl., FMP1 195, TFM3 278; tree to 16 m tall; montane

forest at 1700-1800 m; Gg Tahan, Ph; endemic.

Adinandra corneriana Kobuski, TFM3 278; tree to 10 m tall; lowland forest;

Tg, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Adinandra dumosa Jack, FMP1 194, TFM3 278; tree to 20 m tall; secondary

forest; throughout, commoner in the south.

Adinandra integerrima T. Anderson ex Dyer, FMP1 196, TFM3 279;

Adinandra hullettii King, FMP1 196; tree; lowland forest below 750 m; Kd,

Pn, Pk, Ph, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Adinandra maculosa T. Anderson ex Dyer, FMP1 195, TFM3 279; tree to

25 m tall; hill and montane forest below 1500 m; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, SI, Ph, Jh;

endemic.

Adinandra parvifolia Ridl., FMP1 195, TFM3 279; tree to 15 m tall; montane

forest at 1500-2000 m; Kd, Pk, Ph; ?endemic.

Adinandra phlebophylla Hance, TFM3 279; tree to 25 m tall; lowland forest;

P. Langkawi, Kd.

Adinandra sarosanthera Mig., TFM3 280; Adinandra macrantha Teijsm. &

Binn., FMP1 195; tree to 30 m tall; lowland to montane forest at 1500 m;

Po, KS tio Pk Physi} th:

Adinandra villosa Choisy, FMP1 196, TFM3 280; tree to 15 m tall; lowland

to montane forest at 1800 m; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI.

Anneslea fragrans Wall. var. crassipes (Hook.f. ex Choisy) Pierre, TFM3

280; Anneslea crassipes Hook.f. ex Choisy, FMP1 193; tree to 25 m tall;

montane forest at 800-2000 m; KI, Pk, Ph, SI, M1, Jh.

Eurya acuminata DC., FMP1 199, TFM3 282; Eurya monticola (Ridl.) Ridl.,

FMP1 199; Eurya wrayi King, FMP1 199; shrub or tree to 15 m tall; lowlands

to mountains tops; throughout.

192.32

192.3.3

192.4.1

192.42

192.4.3

1924.4

192.4.5

192.46

192.47

192.4.8

192.4.9

192.5.1

252

19253

192.5.4

192.5.5

192.6.1

Eurya nitida Korth.. TFM3 282: shrub or tree to 10 m tall; montane forest

above 900 m; Kd, Tg, Pk, Ph.

Eurya trichocarpa Korth., FMP1 200, TFM3 284: shrub or small tree:

montane forest at 1000-1300 m: P. Langkawi, Pk, Ph.

Gordonia concentricicatrix Burkill, FMP1 203. TFM3 285: tree to 33 m

tall: lowland forest: Pk, Ph, Sl, NS. Ml. Jh: endemic.

Gordonia hirtella Rid!.. FMP1 204. TFM3 285: tree: hill forest: Bt Kutu, Sl:

endemic.

Gordonia imbricata King. FMP1 203, TFM3 2835: tree to 15 m tall: hill and

montane forest above 600 m: KI. Tg. Pk, Ph, Jh: endemic.

Gordonia maingayi Dyer, FMP1 204. TFM3 285: tree to 18 m tall: lowland

to montane forest at 1600 m: KI. Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI; endemic.

Gordonia multinervis King. FMP 1 203, TFM3 286: tree to 30 m tall: lowland

forest below 800 m; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph. Ml, Jh, Sp: endemic.

Gordonia penangensis Rid!.. FMP1 203, TFM3 286: tree to 13 m tall:

lowland forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, Sp; endemic.

Gordonia scortechinii King, FMP1 204, TFM3 286: tree: lowland forest:

Pk, Ph; endemic.

Gordonia singaporiana Wall. ex Ridl.. FMP1 202, TFM3 286: tree to 40 m

tall: lowland forest; Pn, Pk, Ph, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp; endemic.

Gordonia taipingensis Burkill, FMP1 204. TFM3 288: tree to 20 m tall:

lowland and hill forest to 1400 m: Pk: endemic.

Pyrenaria acuminata Planch.. FMP1 200, TFM3 290: tree to 10 m tall:

lowland forest; Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Pyrenaria garrettiana Craib, TFM3 290: tree to 10 m tall; montane forest

at 1500 m; Ph.

Pyrenaria kunstleri King, FMP1 201, TFM3 291: tree to 15 m tall: lowland

forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, SI.

Pyrenaria pahangensis H. Keng, TFM3 291: shrub to 4 m tall: lowland forest

along streams; Ph; endemic.

Pyrenaria sp. A. TFM3 291: tree ; lowland forest: Jh: ?endemic.

Schima monticola Kurz, K10 83: Schima noronhae Reinw. ex Blume var.

rigida Ridl., FMP1 201: tree to 35 m tall: montane forest above 1400 m:Tg,

Ph, SL

483

484

192.7.1

LODZ

OPTS:

192.7.4

192.7.5

192.7.6

Me Tel

19 SEI?

LOBES

193.1.4

19315

193.2.1

Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth., TFM3 291, K10 85; Schima noronhae Reinw.

ex Blume, FMP1 201; shrub or tree to 45 m tall; lowlands to mountain

tops; widespread.

Ternstroemia bancana Miq., FMP1 197, TFM3 293; tree to 20 m tall; lowland

forest to 500 m; Pk, Ph, SI, MI, Jh.

Ternstroemia corneri H. Keng, TFM3 293; tree to 20 m tall; freshwater

swamp forest; S.E. Jh; endemic.

Ternstroemia evenia (King) A.C. Sm., TFM3 295; Iilicium evenium King,

FMPI1 19; Ternstroemia scortechinii King, FMP1 198; tree to 10 m tall;

lowlands to mountain tops; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Ternstroemia maclellandiana Ridl., FMP1 198, TFM3 295; tree to 10 m

tall; montane forest above 1000 m; K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI.

Ternstroemia montana Ridl., FMP1 198; shrub; montane forest about 1500

m: Kd, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Ternstroemia penangiana Choisy, FMP1 197, TFM3 295; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, Ml, Jh, Sp.

Ternstroemia wallichiana (Griff.) Engl., FMP1 198, TFM3 295; tree to 20

m tall; lowland forest; Ps, Kd, Pn, Tg, Ph, Jh, Sp.

THYMELAEACEAE

Aquilaria beccariana Tiegh., FM16 13, TFM2 385; tree to 20 m tall; swampy

lowland forest; S.E. Jh.

Aquilaria hirta Ridl., FMP3 148, FMi6 12, TFM2 385; tree to 15 m tall;

lowland forest; Tg, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Aquilaria malaccensis Lam., FMP3 147, FMi16 9, TFM2 385; tree to 36 m

tall; lowland and hill forest to 750 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh,

Sp.

Aquilaria microcarpa Baill., FM16 9, TFM2 385; tree to 36 m tall; lowland

forest; Sp.

Aquilaria rostrata Ridl., FMP3 148, FM16 13, TFM2 385; tree; montane

forest; dubious species known only from type collections, Gg Tahan, Ph;

endemic.

Daphne composita (L.f.) Gilg, FM16 37, TFM2 384; Daphne pendula Sm.

nom. illeg., FMP3 144; shrub to 5 m tall; montane forest; Pk, Ph, SI, MI.

193:3.1

193.4.1

193.4.2

193.4.3

193.4.4

193.4.5

193.4.6

193.4.7

1935.1

193.6.1

193 47 Al

1937-2

9357-3

193.6.4

Enkleia malaccensis Griff., FMP3 147, FMi6 25, TFM2 384; liana reaching

30 m long; lowland forest; MI, Sp.

Gonystylus acuminatus Airy Shaw, FMi4 356, TFM2 388; tree to 25 m tall;

one doubtful specimen from Kokmoi E.R., Kd.

Gonystylus affinis Radlk., FM14 357, TFM2 388; tree to 33 m tall; lowland

forest to 330 m; widespread.

Gonystylus bancanus (Miq.) Kurz, FMi4 361, TFM2 388; tree to 27 m tall

(sometimes even bigger); lowland peat swamp forest; Pk, Sl, Jh.

Gonystylus brunnescens Airy Shaw, FM14 356, TFM2 388: tree to 36 m tall;

lowland forest, often near the sea; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph.

Gonystylus confusus Airy Shaw, FM14 357, TFM2 391; tree to 30 m tall;

lowland forest to 600 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh, Sp.

Gonystylus macrophyllus (Mig.) Airy Shaw, FMi4 354, TFM2 388; tree to

45 m tall; lowland forest; once each from Kuantan, Ph, and Mawai, Jh.

Gonystylus maingayi Hook.f, FMP1 322, FM14 359, TFM2 391: tree to 40

m tall; lowland forest; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, Jh.

Linostoma pauciflorum Griff, FMP3 146, FM16 27, TFM2 384; liana to 30

m long; lowland forest margins, often near the sea; Ps, Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, Ml,

Sp.

Phaleria capitata Jack, FM16 20, TFM2 384, C31 221; shrub or small tree to

9 m tall; freshwater swamp forest; Jh.

Wikstroemia androsaemifolia Decne., FMi16 33, TFM2 384, C15 161: shrub

to 2.5 m tall; on limestone hills; K1, Ph, Sl.

Wikstroemia indica (L.) C.A. Mey., FM16 34, C15 162; Wikstroemia

viridiflora Meisn., FMP3 145; shrub to 3 m tall; lowland and hill forest

including limestone; widespread.

Wikstroemia polyantha Merr., FM16 32; Wikstroemia candolleana auct. non

Meisn., FMP3 145; shrub or small tree to 7 m tall; lowland to montane

forest; Kd, KI, Pk, Ph, Sl, Jh.

Wikstroemia ridleyi Gamble, FMP3 146, FMi6 34; shrub to 2 m tall; open

sandy places, forest margins; KI, Tg, Ph, (Sp introduced).

485

486

194,

194.1.1

194.2.1

194.2.2

194.2.3

194.2.4

194.2.5

194.2.6

194.3.1

194.3.2

194.3.3

194.4.1

194.4.2

194.4.3

194.5.]

194.5.2

TILIACEAE

Berrya cordifolia (Willd.) Burret, TFM2 393, P16 69; Berrya ammonilla

Roxb., FMP1 299; small crooked tree; lowlands including on limestone; P.

Langkawi, Kd.

Brownlowia argentata Kurz, TFM2 394; Brownlowia riedelii Hemsl., FMP1

292; shrub or small tree to 18 m tall; mangroves, tidal channels; widespread.

Brownlowia helferiana Pierre, TFM2 395; Brownlowia scortechinii King,

FMP1 292; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; Tg, Pk, SI, NS.

Brownlowia kleinhovioidea King, FMP1 292, TFM2 395; tree; lowland

forest; only known from type, Pk; endemic.

Brownlowia macrophylla King, FMP1 292, TFM2 395; small tree to 15 m

tall; lowland forest; Pk.

Brownlowia tersa (L.) Kosterm., TFM2 394; Brownlowia lanceolata Benth.,

FMP1 291; shrub to 5 m tall; mangrove; widespread.

Brownlowia velutina Kosterm., TFM2 395; small tree; known only from

type, Tg; endemic.

Colona javanica (Blume) Burret, TFM2 395, P16 61; Colombia integrifolia

Ridl., FMP1 306; small tree; on limestone; once from Lenggong, Pk.

Colona merguensis (Planch. ex Mast.) Burret, TFM2 395; Columbia curtisii

Ridl., FMP1 307; Columbia diptera Ridl., FMP1 307; Colona diptera (Ridl.)

Craib, P16 65; small tree to 12 m tall; mostly on limestone; Ps, P. langkawi.

Colona serratifolia Cav., TFM2 396; Columbia serratifolia (Cav.) DC.,FMP1

306; small tree to 15 m tall; near the sea; Ph, Jh.

Corchorus aestuans L.; P16 30; Corchorus acutangulus Lam., FMP1 306;

herb or subshrub; waste ground; widespread.

Corchorus capsularis L., FMP1 305, P16 32; shrub to 1 m tall; waste ground;

Ps, Pk.

Corchorus olitorius L., FMP1 305, P16 28; Corchorus tridens L., FMP1

305; shrub to 60 cm tall; open dry places; Pn, SI, Jh.

Diplodiscus hookerianus (King) Kosterm., TFM2 396; Pentace hookeriana

King, FMP1 294; tree; lowland forest; only known from type, Kinta River,

Pk; endemic.

Diplodiscus scortechinii (King) P.S. Ashton ex Kochummen, TFM2 396;

Pentace scortechinii King, FMP1 297; tree; twice from Pk; endemic.

-ieesiiie ann

194.6.1

194.6.2

194.6.3

194.7.1

194.7.2

194.7.3

194.7.4

194.7.5

194.7.6

194.7.7

194.7.8

194.7.9

194.7.10

194.8.1

Grewia laevigata Vahl, P16 26; Grewia acuminata Juss., TFM2 397; Grewia

umbellata Roxb. ex DC., FMP1 300; liana; lowland forest margins; common

and widespread.

Grewia viminea Wall. ex Burret, TFM2 397; Grewia polygama Roxb. var.

curtisit Ridl., FMPS5 294; shrub; limestone hills; Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd.

Grewia sp. noy.; Grewia sclerophylla auct. non Roxb. ex G. Don, FMP5

293, TFM2 397; shrub; twice from Grik area, Pk.

Microcos antidesmifolia (King) Burret, B40 780; Grewia antidesmifolia

King, FMP1 302 incl. var. hirsuta King, TFM2 399; tree to 24 m tall; lowland

forest, often near rivers; KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, Sh.

Microcos blattifolia (Corner) R.S. Rao; Grewia latifolia (non Muell. ex

Benth.) Mast., FMP1 300; Microcos latifolia (Mast.) Burret, B40 781:

Grewia blattifolia Corner, TFM2 399; small tree sometimes to 24 m tall;

lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; widespread.

Microcos erythrocarpa (Ridl.) Airy Shaw; Grewia erythrocarpa Ridl., FMP1

301; small tree to 5 m tall; lowland forest to 600 m; widespread; endemic.

Microcos fibrocarpa (Mast.) Burret, B40 782, P16 38: Grewia fibrocarpa

Mast., FMP1 301, TFM2 397; small tree; lowland forest; scattered widely.

Microcos globulifera (Mast.) Burret, B40 782; Grewia globulifera Mast.,

FMP1 302, TFM2 397; small tree; lowland forest; Pk to Jh; endemic.

Microcos hirsuta (Korth.) Burret, B40 782; Grewia omphacarpa Miq., FMP1

301; Grewia hirsuta [non Vahl] (Korth.) Kochummen, TFM2 397; small tree;

lowland forest; widespread.

Microcos lanceolata (Mig.) Burret, B40 778; Grewia miqueliana Kurz,

FMP 1 302, TFM2 397; shrub or small tree; lowland forest; mostly west coast

states.

Microcos latistipulata (Ridl.) Burret, B40 795; Grewia /atistipulata Ridl. ,

FMPS 293; tree; once from Klang, SI.

Microcos laurifolia (Hook. ex Mast.) Burret, B40 771, P16 39; Grewia florida

auct. non Miq., FMP1 303; Grewia laurifolia Hook. ex Mast., TFM2 399;

tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph,

SI, MI, Jh.

Microcos tomentosa Sm., B40 776, P16 37; Grewia paniculata Roxb. ex DC.,

FMP1 300, TFM2 397; small bushy tree; open places; common and

widespread.

Muntingia calabura L., K09 88, P16 43; shrub or small tree; waste ground,

around towns and villages; throughout; naturalized from tropical America.

487

488

194.9.1

194.9.2

194.9.3

194.9.4

194.9.5

194.9.6

194.9.7

194.9.8

194.9.9

194.9.10

194.9.11

194.9.12

194.9.13

194.9.14

194.9.15

194.9.16

194.10.1a

Pentace acuta Ridl., FMP1 297, TFM2 401; shrub or small tree; lowland

forest; Tg, Pk; endemic.

Pentace adenophora Kosterm., TFM2 401; tree to 30 m tall; swampy lowland

forest; Tg, Jh.

Pentace corneri Kosterm., TFM2 401: tree to 50 m tall; lowland forest; once

from S.E. Jh.

Pentace curtisii King, FMP1 296, TFM2 401; tree to 40 m tall; hill forest;

Ps, Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI.

Pentace excelsa Kochummen, TFM2 404: tree to 60 m tall; lowland and hill

forest; Gg Mandi Angin, Tg, Gg Tapis, Ph; endemic.

Pentace eximia King, FMP1 295, TFM2 404; tree to 30 m tall; coastal hills;

Pn, Pk, Ph; endemic.

Pentace floribunda King, FMP1 295, TFM2 404; tree to 27 m tall; hill forest;

Ki Pk, Ph, Sl. :

Pentace grandiflora Kochummen, TFM2 406; tree to 27 m tall; ridge-top

forest; Tg; endemic.

Pentace hirtula Ridl., FMP1 295, TFM2 406; tree to 23 m tall; hill forest;

Pie Pk

Pentace macrophylla King, FMP1 297, TFM2 406; tree to 40 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Tg, Pk, Sl, Jh.

Pentace microlepidota Kosterm., TFM2 407; tree to 60 m tall; lowland and

hill forest; Kl, Pk, Ph, Sl; endemic.

Pentace perakensis King, FMP1 295, TFM2 401; Pentace kunstleri King,

FMP2 296; small tree; lowland forest; Pk; endemic.

Pentace strychnoidea King, FMP1 296, TFM2 407; tree to 30 m tall; lowland

and hill forest; Kd, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS; endemic.

Pentace triptera Mast., FMP1 293, TFM2 407; tree to 45 m tall; lowland

forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Pentace sp. A, TFM2 407; tree to 36 m tall; once each from Tg and SI;

endemic.

Pentace sp. B, TFM2 408; tree to 24 m tall; lowland forest; once from

Rompin, Ph; ?endemic.

Schoutenia accrescens (Mast.) C.H. Curtis ssp. acerescens, TFM2 409;

Scoutenia mastersii King, FMP1 298; tree to 33 m tall; lowland to montane

forest; common and widespread.

194.10.1b

194.10.2

194.10.3

194.10.4

194.10.5

194.10.6

194.11.1

194.12.1

194.12.2

194.12.3

194.12.4

194.12.5

195.

195.1.1

Schoutenia accrescens (Mast.) C.H. Curtis ssp. borneensis Roekm., TFM2

410; tree; lowland forest; Ulu Endau, Jh.

Schoutenia corneri Roekm., TFM2 410; tree to 15 m tall: lowlands near

streams; Ps, Jh; endemic.

Schoutenia furfuracea Kochummen, TFM2 410; tree to 10 m tall; lowland

forest; only known from type, Ulu Sg Anak Endau, Jh; endemic.

Schoutenia glomerata King, FMP1 298, TFM2 410; tree to 15 m tall; along

=)

lowland streams; K1, Tg, Ph.

Schoutenia kunstleri King, FMP1 298, TFM2 410; tree to 15 m tall; lowland

forest; Pn, Tg, Pk, Ph, Jh; endemic.

Schoutenia leprosula L.G. Saw, W30 272; tree to 6 m tall; river banks in

lowland forest; Endau Rompin area of Ph and Jh; endemic.

Trichospermum javanicum Blume, TFM2 412, P16 49; Trichospermum

kurzii King, FMP1 307; Trichospermum cymbiforme Sprague ex Ridl.,

FMP1 308; tree to 30 m tall; lowland and hill forest, often in clearings; Pn,

K], Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Triumfetta grandidens Hance, FMP1 304, P16 40; prostrate shrublet; sandy

shores; East Coast.

Triumfetta pilosa Roth, FMP1 304, P16 46; herb to 1.5 m tall; open sandy

places; Pk, Ph.

Triumfetta repens (Blume) Merr. & Rolfe, P16 48; Triumfetta subpalmata

Sol. ex Hemsl., FMP1 304; prostrate shrub; sandy shores; East Coast.

Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacg., FMP1 303, L25 174; Triumfetta bartramia

L., nom. illeg., P16 49; shrubby herb; common weed of waste ground;

widespread.

Triumfetta tomentosa Bojer, L25 175; Triumfetta pseudocana Sprague &

Craib, FMP1 304; shrub to 1 m tall; waste ground; widely scattered.

TRIGONIACEAE

Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq., FMP1 142, FMi4 59, TFM1 449: tree to

30 m tall; lowland forest; Kd, Pn, Kl, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

489

490

196.

196.1.1

196.1.2

197.

Tesla

Oi le2

LOT 2A

O22

MO PAS

197.2.4

MS7/eSill

NOS 2

Were:

197.3.4

TURNERACEAE

Turnera subulata Sm., FM14 236; Turnera trioniflora Sims, FMP1 838; herb

to 80 cm tall; damp waste ground; widespread; naturalized from tropical

America.

Turnera ulmifolia L., FMP1 838, FM14 237; herb to 1.5 m tall; open sandy

places; widespread; naturalized from tropical America.

ULMACEAE

Celtis philippensis Blanco, TFM2 416, FMi8 62; Celtis collinsae Craib, FMP3

322; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; on limestone; Ps, P. Langkawi, Kd, K1],

he

Celtis rigescens (Miq.) Planch., TFM2 416, FMi8 58; tree to 40 m tall;

lowland and hill forest; Pk, Ph, Sl.

Gironniera hirta Ridl., FMP3 321, TFM2 417, FMi8 74; tree to 20 m tall;

lowland forest; K1, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Gironniera nervosa Planch., FMP3 320, TFM2 419, FMi8s 74; tree to 35 m

tall, usually smaller; lowland forest below 500 m; Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, S1,

NS, MI, Jh, Sp.

Gironniera parvifolia Planch., FMP3 321, TFM2 419, FMi8 75; tree to 20

m tall; lowland and hill forest to 900 m; Kd, Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, MI,

Jh, Sp.

Gironniera subaequalis Planch., FMP3 320, TFM2 419, FMi8 75; tree to 38

m tall; lowland and hill forest to 1100 m; Kd, Pn, K1, Tg, Pk, Ph, SI, NS, M1,

Jh, Sp.

Trema angustifolia (Planch.) Blume, FMP3 319, TFM2 421, FMi8 54; small

shrubby tree; roadsides and forest margins to 1200 m; Kd, Pn, Pk, Ph, Sl,

NS, MI.

Trema cannabina Lour., TFM2 421, FM18 50; Trema virgata Blume, FMP3

319; shrub or small tree to 10 m tall; secondary forest to 1000 m; throughout.

Trema orientalis (L.) Blume, TFM2 421, FMi8 51; tree to 27 m tall; lowlands

and hills; Main Range and near Kuala Lumpur.

Trema tomentosa (Roxb.) Hara, TFM2 423, FMi8 53; Trema amboinensis

Blume, FMP3 319; shrub or tree to 15 m tall; lowland forest margins, waste

places; Pn, KI, Tg, Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, M1, Jh, Sp.

198.

198.1.1

198.2.1

198.3.1

198.3.2

198.4.1

198.5.1

199:

199.1.1

1991.2

19913

199.1.4

OST IIES)

199.2.1

199122.

199.3.1

19952

UMBELLIFERAE.

Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., FM14 117,M47 48; Hydrocotyle asiatica L., FMP1

869; low slender, long-creeping herb; damp grassy places; throughout.

Eryngium foetidum L., FMP1 870, FMi4 126; spiny foetid herb to about 60

cm tall; sandy waste ground, roadsides; widespread; naturalized from

tropical America.

Hydrocotyle javanica Thunb., FMP1 869, FM14 115; creeping herb ascending

to 50 cm; damp clearings in lowland to montane forest; Pk, Ph.

Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., FM14 115, M47 50; Hydrocotyle

rotundifolia DC., FMP1 870; slender creeping herb; weed of short grass;

Sp.

Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., FMi4 136; Oenanthe stolonifera (Roxb.)

DC., FMP1 871; herb to 1 m tall; pool margins, swamps; Pk.

Sanicula europea L., FMP1 871, FM14 125; herb to 75 cm tall; montane

forest; Cameron Highlands, Ph.

URTICACEAE

Boehmeria clidemioides Miq., Y01 8; Boehmeria sidifolia Wedd., FMP3

365; shrub to 1.5 m tall; montane forest; Ph.

Boehmeria glomerulifera Miq., Y01 6; shrub to 1 m tall; once on P. Tioman,

Ph.

Boehmeria lanceolata Rid!., FMP3 365; shrub; sandy places; Temengoh,

Pk; ?endemic.

Boehmeria malabarica Wedd., Y01 5: shrub to 4 m tall: forest near streams.

Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich., C15 165, K09 67; shrub; quite common on

limestone, waste ground elsewhere; ramie of commerce; naturalized.

Debregeasia longifolia (Burm.f.) Wedd., TFM4 474; small tree to 7 m;

mountains above 1300 m; Ph; possibly recent escape.

Debregeasia squamata King ex Hook.f., FMP3 368, C15 165, TFM4 474;

shrub to 4 m; lowlands to 500 m, mostly on limestone; KI], Pk, SI.

Dendrocnide sinuata (Blume) Chew, C07 36, C15 165, TFM4 475; Laportea

pustulosa Ridl., FMP3 360; stinging tree to 10 m tall; on limestone; Pk.

Dendrocnide stimulans (L.f.) Chew, C07 11, TFM4 475; Laportea stimulans

(L.f.) Miq., FMP3 359; small tree to 7 m, with irritant hairs; Pn, SI.

49]

492

199.4.]

199.4.2

199.4.3

199.4.4

199.4.5a

199.4.5b

199.4.6

199.4.7

199.4.8

199.4.9

199.4.10

1995s

199'6.1

199:7.1

Elatostema acuminatum (Poir.) Brongn., FMP3 364, Y02 492; herb to 30

cm; near mountain streams.

Elatostema curtisii (Ridl.) H. Schrot., $12 35; Pellionia curtisii Rid|., FMP3

362; shrubby herb to 30 cm tall; on rocks near mountain streams; Pk, Sl;

endemic.

Elatostema garrettii Yahara, Y02 496; herb to 50 cm; forest on limestone;

Pk, Ph.

Elatostema inaequilobum Ridl., FMP3 364; succulent creeping herb to 30

cm tall; montane forest; SI.

Elatostema latifolium (Blume) H. Schrot. var. acaule (Hook.f.) H. Schrot.

‘acaulis’, $12 20; Pellionia javanica (Wedd.) Wedd. var. acaulis (Hook.f.)

Ridl., FMP3 362; small herb; Pn, Pk.

Elatostema latifolium (Blume) H. Schrot. var. latifolium, $12 17; Procris

latifolia Blume, FMP3 365; Pellionia javanica (Wedd.) Wedd., FMP3 362;

Pellionia helferiana Wedd., FMP3 361; Pellionia latifolia (Blume) Boerl.,

Y02 484; herb; hill forest; Pn, KI, Pk, Ph, SI, Jh.

Elatostema molle Wedd., FMP3 364, Y02 494: herb to 50 cm tall: on rocks

in unshaded streams; Pn, Pk, Ph.

Elatostema platyphyllum Wedd., FMP3 363; herb to 30 cm tall; lowlands;

Pn, KI], SI.

Elatostema repens (Lour.) Hallier f. var. pulchrum (N.E. Br.) H. Schrot.,

$12 25; Pellionia repens (Lour.) Merr., Y02 485; Pellionia daveauana N.E.

Br., FMP3 302 incl. var. viridis N.E.Br.; creeping herb; lowland forest; Kd,

K], Pk, Ph, SI, NS.

Elatostema sessile J.R. Forst. & G. Forst., FMP3 363; herb to 30 cm tall; on

rocks in streams; widespread.

Elatostema subscabrum H. Schrot., $12 85, K49 33: herb to 20 cm tall: on

limestone; Ph; endemic.

Laportea interrupta (L.) Chew, C08 145, TFM4 473; Fleurya interrupta (L.)

Wight, FMP3 359; herbaceous weed to 2 m tall; waste ground; widespread.

Nothocnide mollissima (Blume) Chew, C09 365, TFM4 473; Pipturus

mollissimus (Blume) Wedd., FMP3 367; scrambling shrub; lowland and hill

forest; Kd, Pn, Pk, Sl, Jh.

Oreocnide rubescens (Blume) Miq., G21 132; Villebrunea sylvatica Blume,

FMP3 367; Villebrunea rubescens (Blume) Blume, TFM4 478; tree to 15 m;

hill forests to 900 m; Pk, Ph, Sl, NS, MI.

ow

199.8.1

199.8.2

Se

199.10.1

199.10.2

199.10.3

199.11.1

199.11.2

200.

200.1.1

200.1.2

200.1.3

200.1.4

200.1.5

200.1.6

Pilea fruticosa Hook.f, FMP3 360, C15 166; Pilea calcarea Ridl., FMP3

361; herb to 1 m tall; shady places on limestone; north of Malaya; endemic.

Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm., K09 67; Pilea muscosa Lindl., FMP3 361;

herb to 20 cm; weed in damp shady places; naturalized from South America.

Pipturus argenteus (G. Forst.) Wedd., TFM4 476; shrub or small tree to 10

m; lowlands; Kd, Pn, Ph, Jh, Sp.

Pouzolzia hirta (Blume) Hassk., C12 88, G21 130; Pouzolzia bennettiana

Wight, FMP3 367; Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Mig., TFM4 472; erect herb;

Ph.

Pouzolzia sanguinea (Blume) Merr., B03 47, G21 128; Pouzolzia viminea

Wedd., FMP3 366; shrubby herb to 1.5 m tall; lowland and hill forest;

widespread.

Pouzolzia zeylanica (L.) Benn., G21 130; Pouzolzia indica (L.) Gaudich.,

FMP3 366; herb to 40 cm tall; damp waste ground; widespread.

Procris frutescens Blume, $11 272: shrub to 3 m tall: lowland and hill forest

including limestone; K], Pk, Ph, SI.

Procris pedunculata (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Wedd., $11 259; Procris

laevigata Blume, FMP3 364; shrub to 2 m tall; lowland and hill forest; Kd,

Pn, Ph, SI.

VERBENACEAE

Callicarpa angustifolia King & Gamble, FMP2 616, TFM3 301, C15 168;

shrub to 2 m tall; dry craggy limestone; Pk, SI.

Callicarpa candicans (Burm.f.) Hochr., TFM3 301; Callicarpa cana L., FMP2

616; shrub; open country, forest margins; widespread.

Callicarpa furfuracea Ridl., FMP2 615, TFM3 301; shrub; Gg Senyum, Ph;

endemic.

Callicarpa longifolia Lam., FMP2 616, TFM3 301; straggling shrub to 5 m

tall; open country; widespread.

Callicarpa maingayi King & Gamble, FMP2 615, TFM3 302: tree to 18 m

tall; lowland and hill forest to 1000 m; widespread; endemic.

Callicarpa pentandra Roxb.; Geunsia pentandra (Roxb.) Merr., TFM3 305;

Geunsia farinosa Blume, FMP2 614; tree to 18 m tall; open country and

forest margins; widespread.

493

“494

200.1.7

200.1.8

200.2.1

200.2.2

200.2.3

200.2.4

200.2.5

200.2.6

200.2.7

200.2.9

200.2.10

200.2.11