3 ^

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

The names given in clarendon type are those of plants described or renamed in

the work; an * is prefixed to the names of those not figured. Synonyms

are printed in italics ; names in roman characters are those of plants discussed

in the text.

Acer sycopseoides, Chun

Allium an isopodium, Ledeb.

- bidentatum, Fisch.

- dentigerum, Prokhanov

- omio8tema t Airy-Shaw

- polyrrhizum y Potanini ,

Regel.

- subangulatum. Regel .

- tenuissimum , Regel

- tenuissimum y purpureum,

Regel.

- Zimmermannianum, Oilg .

Anadelphia, Hack .

Andropogon sect. Lasiorrhachis,

Hack.

- Hildebrandtii , Hack. .

Anthenantia, P. Beauv. .

Ascopholis Gamblei, C. E. C.

Fischer .

Astragalus ajubensis, Bunge

- Durhamii, Turrill . . .

Astrebla lappacea, Domin . .

- pectinata var. triticoides,

F. M. Bailey . . • •

- squarrosa, C. E. Hubbard

- triticoides , F. M. Bailey .

- triticoides var. lappacea ,

Benth.

Plate

3160

8182

3181

3182

3121

3124

3125

3183

3115

3142

Barnhartia floribunda, Oleason .

Beloperone flaviflora, Turrill

-fragilis, Robinson .

- *tenera, Turrill • ♦

Blepharis Buchneri, Lindau

-glumacea, S. Moore

-menocotyle, Milne-Redhead

Bootia muricata, C. H. Wright .

- Schinziana, Aschers. et

Qurhe .......

Buddiej a gynandra, Marquand .

3172

3114

8188

3198

3101

3164

Canthium Gueinzii, Sond.

- hispidum, Benth. .

Cerinthe minor var. hispida,

Turrill .

Chamaeraphis hordeacea, R.Br. .

Clematis grata, Wall.

- rubilolia, C. H. Wright

-Wightiana, Wall. .

Commiphora abyssinica, Engl . .

- allophylla, Sprague

- candidula, Sprague

- crassispina, Sprague .

- crenulata, Chiov. .

- Drake-Brockmanii, ^ra^we

- erythraea, Engl.

- flaviflora, Engl.

- foliacea, Sprague . . .

- gowlello, Sprague .

- hodai, Sprague ....

- Myrrha var. molmol, Engl.

- Opobalsamum, Engl. .

- Seineri, Engl .

- socotrana, Engl.

- somalensis, Engl. .

- truncata, Engl.

- tubuk, Sprague

Consolida macedonica , So6 .

- olopetala var. paphlagonica,

Hayek.

Cotoneaster affinis, Lindl. . .

- Cooperi, Marquand

- foveolata, Rehd. et Wils. .

- nitidifolia, Marquand .

Cotyledon lassithiensis, Hayek

- pendulinus, Batt. .

Crassula aphylla , Schonl. et E. G.

Baker.

Cryptosepalum arboreum, E. 0.

Baker .

- pseudotaxus, E. C. Baker .

Plate

3170

3133

3140

3129

3111

3110

3106

3107

3106

3112

3106

3105

3109

3111

3110

3105

3109

3107

3110

3108

3152

3146

3145

3155

3171

3196

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Dalbergiella Gossweileri, E. G.

Baker .

- nyasae, E. G. Baker .

- Welwitschii, E. G. Baker .

Danthonia lappacea, Lindl.

Delphinium acutilobum, Turrill

- armeniacum , Stapf ex Huth

- holopetalum , Griseb.

- macedonicum, Halacsy et

Charrel .

- olopetalum, Boiss.

- paphlagonicum , Huth .

- Thirkeanum, Boiss.

Dianthus arborescens , Hoffmgg. .

- arboreus, L .

- Bisignaniy Ten.

- involueratuSy Poir. .

- rupicola, Biv .

- svJfrutico8uSy Willd.

Diclidanthera, Mart.

Dombeya brachystemma, Milne-

Redhead .

- parvifolia, K. Schum. .

- rosea, E. G. Baker

Dorisia, Gillespie (gen. nov.)

- rarissima, Gillespie

Plate

3169

3142

3151

3152

3151

3176

3172

3195

3190

Ectrosia mutica y Hack, ex Probst 3184

Elymandra, Stapf . . . .3121

Epimedium alpinum, L. . . . 3116

- alpinum var. pubigerumy

DC .3116

-pubigerum, Morren et

Decaisne .3116

Euphorbia epicyparissias, E.

Mey .3193

- Euryops, Bullock . . . 3193

- Schimperiana, Scheele . . 3193

Fagus orientalis, Lipsky . . . 3137

- sylvatica, L .3137

Ficus Bellingeriy Moore et Betche 3187

- cylindrica, Warb. . . . 3188

- glandifera, Summerhayes . 3188

- laevis, Bl .3189

- macrophylla, Desf.. . . 3187

- nasuta, Summerhayes . . 3189

- obtusa, Hassk. . . . 3189

- Watkinsiana, F. M. Bailey 3187

Fingerhuthia, Nees ex Lehrn. . 3122

Genista anxanticay Griseb. . . 3154

- eUitay Wender.3154

-- elatiory Koch . . . . 3154

- frutescensy Schloss. et Vuk. 3154

- gracilisy Poir. 3154

- 8ibirica y Reichb. . . . 3154

- tinctoria var. elata y Aschers.

et Graebn.3154

Plate

Genista tinctoria var. elatiory

Reichb.3154

- tinctoria var. virgata, Koch . 3154

- virgata y Willd.3154

Genistoides elata, Moench . . 3154

Gentiana heptaphylla, Balf. f. et

Forrest .3162

- setulifolia, Marquand . . 3162

Hemarthria compressa, R. Br. . 3139

Herpetacanthus, Nees . . . 3113

Hypericum afromontanum, Bul¬

lock .3192

- intermedium, Steud. . . 3192

IchnanthuB, P. Beauv. . . . 3123

Isotheca alba, Turrill . . .3113

Isotoma anethifolia, Summerhayes 3186

- axillaris, Lindl. . . . 3186

Jasione bulgarica, Stoy. et Stef. . 3132

- orbiculata, Griseb. . . . 3132

- orbiculata var orbelicu, Vel. 3132

Keetia transvaalensisy Phillips . 3170

Kingdon-Wardia codonopsidoides,

Marquand .3163

Lasiorrhachis, Stapf (gen. nov.)

- Hildebrandtii, Stapf

Lecomtella madagascariensis, A.

Camus .

Leptocoryphium, Nees .

Leptosaccharum filiforme, A.

Camus .

Leycesteriasubgen. Euleycesteria,

Airy-Shaw .

- subgen. Paralestera, Airy-

Shaw .

- sect. Fistularia, Airy-Shaw

- sect. Pentapyxis, Fritsch .

- series Crocothyrsae, Airy-

Shaw ......

- series Formosae, Airy-Shaw

- series Glaucophyllae, Airy-

3124

3123

3125

3165

Shaw

3165

series Stipulatae, A iry-Shaw 3165

crocothyrsos, Airy-Shaw . 3165

formosa, Wall .3165

- glaucophylla, Hook.f.

- gracilis, Airy-Shaw

- stipulata, Fritsch .

Lonicera glaucophylla, Lindl.

- graciliSy Kurz .

Lychnis OtiteSy Scop.

3165,3166

3166

3165

3166

3131

Magallana porifolia, Cav.

Mastixia, Bl. .

Mastixiodendron, Melch.

3150

3190

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Megaskepasma erythrochlamys,

Lindau .3128

Miscanthidium, Stapf . . . 3124

Neocheiropteris palmatopedata,

c • Christ ..

- Waltoni, Ching . . , 3153

Olyra, L .3123

Onopordon datum, Sibth. et Sin. 3156

- eriocephalum, Rouy . . 3156

- tauricum, Willd. . . 3156

“— DC..

Oreacanthus Mannii, Benth. . . 3197

- montifuga, Milne-Bedhead 3197

Othonna euphorbioides, Hutchin-

8on .3138

Paraphyadanthe coriacea, M ildbr. 3168

- flagellifiora, Mildbr. . . 3168

- lophocarpa, Gilg . . . 3168

- suffruticosa, Milne-Bedhead 3168

Pavetta uniflora, Bremekamp . 3194

Pelargonium frutetorum, B. A.

Pyer . 3200

- inquinans, L . 3200

- zonale, L . 3200

Pennisetum Basedowii, Summer-

hayes et C. E. Hubbard . 3185

- villosum, B. Br. . . . 3185

Pharus, P. Br .3123

Plectronia Gueinzii, Sim . . . 3170

Pleiadelphia, Stapf (gen. nov.) . 3121

- Gossweileri, Stapf . . . 3121

Polypodium clathratum var.

lobatum, Takeda , . . 3158

- hastatum , Hemsl. . . , 3158 |

Porphyrocoma, Schweidw. . . 3128

Primula Duclouxii, Petitmengin 3127

Pseudoraphis paradoxa, Pilger . 3140

Pseudoscolopia Fraseri, Phillips 3119

- polyantha, Gilg . . . 3119

Pterostyrax Cavaleriei, Guillaumin 3161

- corymbosus, Sieb. et Zucc. 3161

- hispidus, Sieb. et Zucc. . 3161 !

- hispidus, W. W. Smith . 3161

•- Leveillei, Chun . . . . 3161

Randia sooteponsis, Craib . , 3143

-• uranthera, C. E. C. Fischer 3143

Iihacodi8eu8, Lindau . • • 3128

Rhamnus infectorius var. pubes-

cens, Griaeb.3177

- rhodopeus, Vel. ... 3177

- rumeliaceus, Friv. . . . 3178

rupestrig var. rumeliacus,

Hayek .3178 I

Plate

Rhamnus saxatilis var. rhodopeus,

Stoy. et Stef.3177

-tinctorius, W. et K. . . 3177

- tinctorius var. pubescens.

Degen et Dorfler . . . 3177

Rhopalota aphylla, N. E. Brown 3171

Rottboellia compressa, Vanderyst 3139

- exaltata, Linn. f. . 3139

- purpurascens, Robyns . . 3139

Saccharum subgen. Lepto-

saccharum, Hack. .

- filiforme , Hack.

Sapium Acetosella, Milne-Red-

head .

- melanostictum, Pax et K.

Hoffm .

- 8uffruticosum, Pax

Scilla albanica, Turrill .

- messeniaca, Boiss. .

Scleria Barteri, Boeck.

- oruligera, Rendle .

- reflexa, Benth.

Setaria Haareri, Stapf et Hubbard

- longiseta, P. Beauv. .

Setosa erecla, Ewart ot Cookson

- hordeacea, Ewart .

Sideritis euboea, Heldr. . . .

- florida, Boiss. et Heldr. .

- scardica, Griseb. ,

Silene Otites var. pseudotites, Vis.

- pseudotites, Besser .

Sloanea Chingii, Hu ....

- dasycarpa, Hemsl. . . .

- elegans, Chun ....

Smilax megalantha, C. H. Wright

- stenopetala, A. Gray .

Sorghum, Pers .

Spinifex, L.

Stillingia, L. .

Struthiola epacridioides, C H

Wright .'

-erecta, L.

-floribunda, C. H. Wright

- longiflora, Lam.

- longifolia, C. H. Wright \

- ovata, Thunb .

Strychnos diaboli, Sandwith '.

- Melinoniana, Baill. \

- rhexioides, Klotzsch ! ]

- Solerederi, Gilg

tomentosa, Benth. . 3173

toxifera, Rob. Schomb. ex

Benth. .

-triplinervia, Mart. \

Styrax Cavaleriei, Uveille .' !

- Leveillei, Fedde ex Leveill6

Symplocos Maingayi, Benth

- Sukoei, C. E. C. Fischer \

3125

3199

3180

3191

3141

3140

3157

3131

3159

3130

3124

3123

3199

3102

3103

3104

3103

3102

3173

3174

3175

3174

3175

3173

3161

3144

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Plate

Tamarix Hampeana var. aegaea,

TurriU .3153

Taraktogenos calophylla, Ridley 3167

- Kurzii, King . . . • 3167

Teucrium brevifolium, Schreb. . 3179

- charamaniense , Cav. . . 3179

- creticum, L .3179

- hyssopifolium, Schreb. . 3179

- rosmarinifolium, Lam. . 3179

Thellungia advena, Stapf . . 3184

Tropaeolum pentaphyllum, Lam. 3150

Umbilicus lassithiensis , Gand. . 3155

Verbascum luteo-viride, Turrill 3134

- pinnatifidum, Vahl . . 3134

Veronica Chamaedrys, Linn. . 3118

- euxina, Turrill . . . . 3135

- orchidea, Crantz . . . 3136

Plate

Veronica rigida, Turrill . . . 3118

- spicata, L. . . . 3135,3136

-subsp. orchidea , Hayek 3136

Viguierella madagascariensis, A.

Camus et Stapf . . . 3122

Viola cazorlensis, Oand. . . . 3117

- coronifera, W. Becker . . 3147

- delphinantha, Boiss. . . 3117

- escondidaensis, W. Becker 3148

- Hillii, W. Becker . . . 3149

- Kosaninii, Degen . . . 3117

- sacculus, Skottsb. . . . 3148

Widdringtonia stipitata, Stapf . 3126

- Whytei, Rendle . . . 3126

Zygotritonia bongensis, Mildbr. . 3120

- crocea, Stapf .... 3120

- *praecox, Stapf . . . 3120

Printed in England at The Ballantyne Press

Spottiswoode, Ballantyne & Co. Ltd.

Colchester, London & Eton

Tabula 3101.

BOOTIA MURICATA, C. H. Wright.

Hydrocharitaceae.

B. muricata, (7. //. Wright in Thiselton-Dyer , FI. Trop. Aft, vol. vii.

p. 569 ; species B. Schimianae , Aschers. et Giirke, affinis, spatha

cylindrica breviore muricata differt.

Planla aquatica, floribus exceptis submersa. Folia lanceolata,

acuta, integra, circiter 7-nervia, 22 cm. longa, 4 cm. lata ; petiolus

elongatus, inermis ; vagina 15 cm. longa, muricata. Flores masculi

solitarii; pedunculus metralis vel ultra, muricatus ; spatha cylindrica,

bilobata, muricata, 6-5 cm. longa. Calycis tubus, 8 cm. longus, 2 mm.

diametro, cylindricus ; lobi lineares, obtusi, 2 cm. longi, 3 mm. lati,

virides. Petala obovata, alba, 3 cm. longa, 2*5 cm. lata. Antherae

oblongae, luteae. Flos femineus ignotus.

South Tropical Africa. Ngamiland : Botletle River, F. D. and

E. J. Fugard, 13 ; Okarango River, E. J. Lugard, 279 ; River Chobe,

Atherstone, 35, McCabe , 32. Rhodesia : Kafue River, C. E. F. Allen,

329.

This species was first discovered by Dr. Atherstone in 1856, but the

material he collected was insufficient for specific description, and it

was not until 1896 that adequate material for that purpose was collected

by Major F. D. and Lieut. E. J. Lugard. Since then specimens with

leaves have been found, but the female flower is still unknown. The

plant including the leaves is submerged to within 2 or 3 inches of the

flowers, which alone protrude into the air, and grows in water 10 to

12 feet deep. The nearest ally of this species is B. Schinziana, Aschers.

et Giirke, which has smaller thicker leaves and shorter ovoid spathes._-

C. H. Wright.

Fig. L leaf, natural size ; 2, male flower, natural size ; 3, stamen, much enlarged .

P'j,

£ .£3 • A «

Tabula 3102.

STRUTHIOLA EPACRIDIOIDES, C. H. Wright.

Thymelaeaceae. Tribus Euthymelaeeae.

S. epacridioides, C. H. Wright in Kew Bulletin , 1915, p. 387, and in

Thiselton-Dyer , FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 2, p. 29 ; species S. ovatae , Thunb.,

affinis, foliis patentibus floribusque in axillis fere foliorum omnium

dispositis differt.

Rami longi, primum pilosi, demum glabri. Folia patentia,

lanceolata, plana, acuminata, 1*2 cm. longa, 3 mm. lata, marginibus

ciliatis. Flores axillares ; bracteolae fere 4 mm. longae, subulatae,

leviter recurvae, ciliatae. Calycis tubus subrectus, glaber, 1-4 cm.

longus, 0-7 mm. diametro ; lobi ovati, obtusi, 2 mm. longi, 1-5 mm.

lati. Petala 8, 1*5 mm. longa, pilis aequilongis circumdatis instructa.

A ntlierae breviter oblongae, paullo super calycis faucem affixae. Ovarium

oblongum, glabrum ; stylus filiformis, calycis tubo brevior ; stigma

penicillatum.

South Africa, without precise locality, Mund , 19.

This is a very distinct species with the general appearance of an

Epacris. It differs from its nearest ally, S. ovata , Thunb., in bearing

flowers in the axils of most of the leaves, instead of their being con¬

gested into an inflorescence at the apex of the stem, and thus must be

a very attractive plant when in flower. The fleshy petals are entirely

surrounded by hairs. It is unfortunate that Mund, who collected

between 1827 and 1829, has not recorded the locality where he collected

this plant.— C. H. Wright.

Fig. 1, portion of the plant to show branching, reduced ; 2, 3 and 4, portions of

flowering branches, natural size ; 5, entire flower, enlarged three times ; 6 flower

cut open, enlarged ; 7, anther, enlarged ; 8, petal, enlarged four times, * *

Tabula 3103.

STRTJTHIOLA LONG-IFOLI A, C. II. Wright.

Thymelaeaceae. Tribus Eutuymelaeeae.

S. longifolia, C. II. Wright in Kew Bulletin , 1915, p. 389, and in

Thiselton-Dyer , FI. Caj). vol. v. sect. 2, p. 33 ; affinis S. erectae , L.,

foliis oblongis duplo longioribus differt.

Planla lignea, ramosa. Rami erecti, virgati, quadrangulares, glabri,

cicatricibus prominentibus foliorum delapsorum vestiti. Folia oblonga,

acuta, glabra, 1*2-1 *4 cm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata. Flores in axillis

foliorum plurium dispositi; bracteolae oblongae, obtusae, carinatae,

glabrae, 5 mm. longae, marginibus membranaceis. Calyx glaber;

tubus parte inferiore cylindricus, parte superiore inflatus, 1*2 cm.

longus ; lobi ovati, acuti, apice incrassati, 3 mm. longi, 2 mm. lati.

Petala 8, carnosa, glabra vcl basi pilis paucis brevibus vestita. Antherae

connectivo acuto coronatae. Ovarium oblongum ; stylus filiformis,

1 cm. longus ; stigma penicillatum.

South Africa. Caledon Division: Zoetemelks Valley, Burchell

7578.

This species is allied to S. erecta , L., but has the leaves at least twice

as long in proportion to their width, and its flowers are borne in the

axils of the leaves for a long distance down the stem, while those-of

S. erecta are generally confined to the region near the apex, thus giving

a different facies to each species. Further, the petals of S. erecta are

surrounded by hairs as long as themselves, while those of S. longifolia

are either glabrous^ or scantily hairy. Meisner has written on the

sheet of BurchoH's 7578 44 Struthiola erecta var. vulgaris , Meisn ” but

it is a totally different plant from Burchell’s 208 from the Cape Flats

on which he has written the same name.— C. H. Wright.

Fig. 1, portion of plant to show branching, reduced ; 2, upper part nf rUn^t

natural size ; 3, ft Pf x of Aowenng branch; 4, flower seen from above • 5 flower

laid open ; the last three much enlarged. ’ ’ 11 wer

3104

GA- del.el liH\

Tabula 3104.

STRUTHIOLA FLORIBUNDA, C. H. Wright.

Thymelaeaceae. Tribus Eutiiymelaeeae.

S. floribunda, C. II. Wright in Kew Bulletin, 1916, p. 43, and in

Thiselton-Dyer , FI. Cap. vol. v. sect. 2, p. 35 ; species S. longiflorae,

Lam., affinis, foliis oblongis, obtusis, pilosis differt.

Caulis ramosus, ligneus; rami primum pubescentes. Folia opposita,

approximata, oblonga, obtusa, 7 mm. longa, 1-5 mm. lata, primum

pilosa, demum dorso verrucosa. Flores axillares, secundum ramos

dispositi; bracteolae 6 mm. longae, 0'6 mm. latae, oblongae, obtusae,

longe ciliatae. Calyx pubescens; tubus tenuis, 1*7 cm. longus ;

lobi oblongi, obtusi, 5 mm. longi, 2 mm. lati. Petala 8, oblonga,

1*5 mm. longa, pilis aequilongis circumdata. Antherae obtusae.

Ovarium oblongum, glabrum ; stylus filiformis, 9 mm. longus ; stigma

penicillatum.

South Aerica. Clanwilliam Division : Zekoe Vley, Schlechter,

8506. Without locality, MacOwan , 2470.

This species is allied to the widely spread S. longiflora , Lam., which

differs in having ovate- or linear-lanceolate acuminate leaves, which

are ciliate in the early stage. The hairs at length break away from

S. floribunda, leaving asperities on the back of the leaves. The numerous

flowers clustered at the ends of the branches must make this a beautiful

object, and it is a matter for regret that so few of the showy-flowered

members of this family have found their way into cultivation._ C. II.

Wrigiit.

Fio. 1, portion of plant, natural .size ; 2, flower seen from above ; 3, flower seen

from side ; 4, flower cut open; 5, anther ; 6, petal with surrounding hairs.

2-6 much enlarged.

Tabula 3105.

COMMIPHORA FOLIACEA, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. foliacea, Sprague ; species nova, affinis C. Opobalsamo , (L.) Engl.,

a qua pedunculis longis gracilibus, bracteolis magnis foliaceis, pedicellis

longis gracilibus recedit.

Ramuli inermes, leviter flexuosi, longitudinal iter rugoso-costatuli,

fusci, glabri, satis graciles, circiter 3 mm. diametro 15 cm. infra apices.

Ramuli abbreviati usque ad 1*5 cm. longi, plerumque multo breviores,

cicatricibus foliorum asperati, apico minute pilosi, folia plura et

interdum inflorescentias 1-2 gerentes. Folia trifoliolata, 0*5-1 *5 cm.

longa, glabra; petiolus gracilis, 2-9 mm. longus; foliola sessilia,

terminali quam lateralibus majore; foliolum terminale obovatum

vel cuneato-obovatum, apice obtusum usque ad subtruncatum, in

basin cuneato-angustatum, in foliis majoribus 5-10 mm. longum,

4*5-7 mm. latum ; foliola lateralia late obovata vel suborbicularia,

apice obtusa vel rotundata, interdum apiculata, basi plus minusve

inaequilateralia, in foliis majoribus 3-6 mm. longa, 2*5-5 mm. lata;

nervi laterales utrinsecus 3-4,* arcuato-patuli, procul a margine in-

distincte anastomosantes. Pedunculi plerumque 1-flori, rarius 3-flori,

0 * 5-1 cm. longi, graciles, apice bracteolas 2 gerentes. Bracteolae

foliaceae, suborbiculares, apice obtusae rotundatae vel retusae, interdum

apiculatae, basi rotundatae vel leviter cordatae, 2 *5-5 *5 mm. diametro,

glabrae. Pedicelli floris solitarii vel terminalis graciles, circiter 1 cm.

longi, superne in basin floris sensirn ampliati; pedicelli florum lateralium

multoties breviores. Flores <J: Calycis tubus cupularis, 0*8 mm.

longus ; lobiO ‘6 mm. longi. Petala lanceolato-oblonga, apice uncinato-

inflexa, 3*2 mm. longa parte inflexa 0*3 mm. longa exclusa. Stamina

antepetala 1 *8 mm. longa ; antherae ovato-oblongae, obtuse apiculatae,

0 • 75 mm. longae ; stamina antesepala longiora. Discus intrastaminalis

crenulatus, calycis tubum vestiens. Pistillodium minimum, ima basi

calycis tubi situm. Flores 9 : Calyx extra minute sparse pilosulus ;

tubus patelliformis ; lobi deltoidei, 0*7-0 *8 mm. longi, obtuse carinati!

Stammodia antesepala 1*5 mm. longa, antherodiis oblongis, antepetala

1 mm longa, antherodiis ovato-acuminatis. Discus intrastaminodialis

crenulatus, crems cum stammodns alternantibus. Pistillum vix ultra

2 mm. longum ; ovarium ellipsoideum, 1 mm. longum, vix 1 mm.

diametro, bisulcatum; stylus 1 mm. longus, stigma capitatum,

indistincte bilobum, circiterO-5 mm. diametro.

Arabia. At the foot of the Dhofar Mountains, S.E. Arabia, Bent ,

137 (type).

C. foliacea is remarkable for its foliaceous bracteoles, which with

the slender peduncles and pedicels serve to distinguish the species

from C. Opobcilsamum, (L.) Engl., with which it has hitherto been

identified.—T. A. Sprague.

Fig. 1, branch with short-shoots bearing leaves and inflorescences ; 2, leaf;

3, female flower with one of the petals removed ; 4, petal; 5, interior of female

flower, with the petals and pistil removed ; 6, pistil; 7, a bracteole. All enlarged

except 1, which is of natural size.

3\0b

GArkl.it (■Hi

Tabula 3106.

COMMIPHORA CANDIDTJLA, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. candidula, Sprague ; species nova affinis C. flaciflorae , Engl.,

a qua cortice ramulorum candidulo, foliis multo minoribus et pro rata

magis incisis recedit; a C. crenulala , Chiov., forma et magnitudinc

foliorum difiert.

Arbuscula valde spinosa, 1* 8-2*1 m. alta. Rami subrecti, crassi,

circiter 8 mm. dia metro 20-25 cm. infra apices, longitudinal iter rugosi,

ceterum laeves, glabri, fusco-cinerci, juniores candiduli; intemodia

plerumque 0*5-1 cm. longa ; ramuli patentes spina valida terminati,

1-8*5 cm. longi, ima basi 2-3*5 mm. diametro, a basi usque ad apicem

sensim angustati, plus minusve longitudinaliter rugosi, candiduli,

glabri ; ramulorum internodia plerumque 3-5 mm. longa. Ramuli

abbreviati initio perbreves, applanati, breviter rufo-pilosi, demum

lente accrescentes ad 2 mm. longi, interdum tandem in ramulum

spiniformem plus minusve elongatum crescentes. Folia ad ramulos

abbreviatos plura, fasciculata, sessilia, cuneiformi-obovata, 4-7 mm

longa, 3-5 mm. lata, superne grosse inciso-dentata, inferne inte^ra

in basin angustata, chartacea, glabra, supra nervo medio et nervis

lateralibus leviter elevatis, subtus pallidiora, nervis reteque venularum

fuscis itaque manifestis; dentes plerumque ovati, 0*75-1*5 mm

longi. Flores et fruetus ignoti.

British Somaliland. Haud District, Drake-Brockman, 7yy (type).

C. candiclula belongs to § Subsessilifoliae, Engl, in Enel Uhvh

vol. xlvm. p. 460 (1912) and is easily distinguishable from the other

species of this Series by its small cuncate-obovate deeply incised leaves

It is a thorny tree, growing to a height of 6 or 7 feet and enllnri

Rahanreb by the Somahs. It yields a very dark yellowish-r’ed bdelliim

known as Habbak Rahanreb (vide Drake-Brock,nan, British Somali-

laud, p. 317 : iyi^).— l. A. Sprague.

Fig

1, leafy branch and branchlets, natural size ; 2, a loaf, enlarged.

Tabula 3107.

COMMIPHORA CRASSISPINA, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. crassispina, Sprague ; species nova, forsan e Serie Orbicularium ,

spinis nigris brevibus in basin valde incrassatis, foliis eutrifoliolatis

glabris, foliolis subintegris, lateralibus oblique ovatis obtusis distincta.

Dumus parvus, nigrescens, intricate ramosus, spinosus, glaber.

Rami seniores exstantes 5-7 mm. diametro, leviter flexuosi, longi-

tudinaliter rugosi, fusco-nigrescentes ; ramuli spiniformes 1-10 cm.

longi, basi 2*5-7 mm. diametro, satis recti, spina valida pungente

terminati, spinas ordinis inferioris et ramulos abbreviatos foliatos

gorentes. Ramuli abbreviati initio brevissimi, pulviniformes, tandem

usque ad 1*5 cm. longi, basi 2-2*5 mm. diametro, irregulariter rugosi,

cicatricibus foliorum subasperati. Folia trifoliolata, foliolis sessilibus ;

petiolus gracilis, 7-8 mm. longus; foliolum terminale transverse

ellipticum, apice obtusissimum, in basin abrupte breviter cuneatum,

usque ad 8-9 mm. longum, et 9-10 mm. latum, integrum vel brevissime

crenulatum ; nervi laterales utrinsecus circiter 4, e basi patula arcuato-

ascendentes, satis procul a margine anastomosantes, rete venularum

utrinque manifesto crebro venulis translucentibus ; foliola lateralia

late ovata, apice obtusissima, basi inaequilateralia, dimidio versus

basin petioli spectante basi rotundato, dimidio altero basi oblique

ascendente, usque ad 9 mm. longa, et 7-8 mm. lata ; petioli et foliola

supra juventute minute papillato-pilosi, demum glabrescentes. Fructus

(immaturi tantum visi) breviter pedunculati et pedicellati; pedunculus

1 mm. longus; pedicellus 3 mm. longus, vix 1 mm. ’supra basin

bibracteolatus.

British Somaliland. Nogai Valley, Drake-Brockman , 770 (type).

C. crassispina is a well-marked species which may provisionally be

referred to § Orbicnlares , Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. vol. xlviii. p. 454 (1912)

This and § Socotranae, Engl., l.c., are, however, closely allied and may

have to be united when they are better known. C. crassispina has the

outrifoholato leaves of the Orbicxdares, but the leaflets are sometimes

shortly eremdate, and the short-shoots resemble those of C. socotrana,

(I. B. Balf.) Engl., which is probably its nearest ally.

It is a small black thick-set thorny bush, with very black and stout

thorns. The Somali name is Aliboy, and it yields a gum known

as Habbak Aliboy, which is at first quite clear and colourless, but when

old becomes semi-opaque (vide Drake-Brockman, British Somaliland,

p. 318 : 1912).—T. A. Sprague.

Fig. 1, leafy branch, natural size; 2, leaf, enlarged.

l.nVUP*

G.A. d«l.tUh.

Tabula 3108.

COMMIPHORA TUBUK, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. tubuk, Sprague ; species nova affinis C. truneatae , Engl., seil

spinosa, ramulis foliisque patenter pilosis, foliis minoribus, foliolo

terminali orbiculari-obovato rotundato.

Arbuscula usque ad 1-8 m. alta vel ultra, valde spinosa, cortice

trunci et ramorurn majorum flavo exfoliante. Rami seniores exstantes

fusci, rugosuli, glabrati, circiter 7-8 mm. diametro 45 cm. infra apices,

ramulos plus minusve elongatos spiniformes et ramulos abbreviatos

inermes gerentes ; ramuli spini formes 1*5-13 cm. longi a basi ad apicem

angustati, primum fulvi, costati, dense patule pilosi, demum fusco-

brunnei, glabrati. Ramuli abbreriati initio pulviniformes tandem

usque ad 0*5 cm. longi, basibus foliorum persistentibus asperati,

nigrescentes, apice pilosi, interdum serins in ramulos spiniformes

crescentes. Folia trifoliolata, 1-2 cm. longa ; petiolus 4-7*5 mm.

longus, dense patule pilosus ; foliola grosse irregulariter crenato-serrata,

densiuscule pilosa, pilis suberectis; foliolum terminale obovato-

orbiculare, superne late rotundatum, in basin abrupte an<niste

cuneatum; foliola lateralia oblique elli])tica, dimidio versus basin

petioli spectante majore basi truncato vel rotundato, dimidio altero

e basi oblique ascendente. Fructus unicus oxstans sessilis, oblique

ovoideus, aliquantum plano-convexus, 7 mm. longus, glaber.

British Somaliland. Haud District, DraJce-Brochnan, 780.

(7. tubuk belongs to § Pilosac , Engl, in Engl. Jakrb. vol. xlviii p 464

(1912), and is closely related to C. truncata , Engl., from which it differs

in the presence of spines, the shape of the terminal leaflet, and the

spreading indumentum of the branchlets and leaves

“ The tree grows to a height of six feet or more.’ The bark of the

trunk and larger branches is of a yellow colour and usually seen to be

peeling off. It is found in the Haud, Western Nogal Valley, and Ogadvn

but is not very common. J 8 * *

The Somali name of the tree is Tubuk and if ^Lio

p"S:" iSSS T A b s1£ E Drake - Bro;:kmaQ ’ aoSES

Fia. 1, leafy branch, natural size; 2, leaf, enlarged.

Tabula 3109.

COMMIPHORA GOWLELLO, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. gowlello, Sprague ; species egregia, foliis sessilibus simplicibus

breviter dense pilosis crenato-serratis, floribus sessilibus facile

dignoscenda.

Arbuscula 1-1 *5 m. alta, spinosa. Rami crassi, fusci, longitudinaliter

rugosi, glabrati, seniores exstantes basi fere l cm. diametro ; ramuli

patuli, plerumque subrecti, citius seriusve spina valida pungente

terminati, 1-23 cm. longi, ramulos spiniformes vel spino terminates

ct ramulos abbreviates gerentes, juniores costati, cinerei, dense minute

pilosi. Ramuli abbreviate usque ad 1 cm. longi, basi 1 *5-2*5 min.

diametro, rugosi et cicatricibus foliorum asperati, apice breviter pilosi.

Folia sessilia, simplicia, anguste obovata, plerumque. circiter 1 cm.

longa et 5-6 mm. lata, apice rot undata, in basin cuneatim angustata,

conspicue crenato-serrata, utrinque breviter dense pilosa; nervi

lateralos utrinsecus circiter 4 , obliqui, procul a margine anastomosantes,

subtus manifestiores; rete venularum in sicco occultum. Flores

versus apices ramulorum abbreviatorum sessiles. Flores Calyx

cupulans, extra dense pilosus; lobi anguste triangulares, circiter

nim. longi. Petala extra pilosa, carinata, vix ultra 2-5 mm. longa,

u • /O mm. lata. Stamina in flore dissecto exesa. Pistillodinm stylodio

magno quara parte basali lat.iore. Flores 9 : Calycis lobi circiter

■ *f 1IU a < 7 r ^ 1 ^ ^tdUi circiter 3 mm. longa. Staminodia antesepala

circiter 0-7o mm. longa, antepetala duplo breviora. Ovarium late

ovoideum stigmate sessili. Fructus ignoti.

British Somaliland. Haud District, Drake-Brockman, 800 (type).

C. gowlello cannot be placed satisfactorily in any of the Series of

Go^phora as defined by Engler in Engl/jahrb. vol. xlviii. p. 451

(LJ12), but may be attached provisionally to § Subsessilifoliae, near

.if met i, e on y species of that Series having pilose leaves.

The specific name of 0. gowlello is the Somali name of the tree,

which yields a pa e opaque bitter gum known as Habbak Gowlello,

used by the Somalia in the preparation of ink (vide Drake-Erockman,

British Somaliland, p. 317 : 1912).—T. A. Sprague.

“ -I- m asss. neiTsSi 5r“ b “ k ■ “• °' ,yx

Tabula 3110.

COMMIPHORA ALLOPHYLLA, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. allophylla, Sprague ; species nova affinis C. somalensi , Engl.,

a qua foliis minoribus saepe bijugis, foliolis lateralibus sessilibus basi

maequaliter rotundatis, nervis lateralibus minus obliquis indumento

densiorc differt.

Arbor usque ad 3-3*6 m. alta. Rami seniores leviter sinuosi,

crassiusculi, circiter 6 mm. diametro 25-30 cm. infra apices, striato-

rugosuli, fusco-brunnei, puberuli, tandem glabrati; internodia 1*5-

2*5 cm. longa ; rami juniores satis graciles, circiter 3 mm. diametro

15 em. infra apices, leviter costati, brunnei, minute pubescentes vel

puberuli; ramuli patentes vel patuli, 5-8(-16) cm. longi, dense incano-

pu lescentes ; ramulorum internodia irregularia, saepius 0*5-2 cm.

longa. Ramuli abbreviati 3-5 mm. longi, dense pubescentes. Folia

p erumque 1-3 cm. longa, heteromorpha, plerumque trifoliolata, saepe

quinqucioholata ; petiolus 0*2-1 *4 cm. longus, dense pubescens;

foliola supra dense pubescentia, subtus subvelutina ; foliolum terminale

sessile vel pctiolulatum petiolulo usque ad 3 mm. longo, cuneato-

° i°i V r Uin? i a ^ 1Ce I^ erum( l ue rotundatum vel subtruncatum, usque

ad 1 *o cm. longum et 1-2 cm. latum, superne inconspicue crenulatum,

lnferne integrum, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 4, asccndentes,

satis procul a margine anastomosantes, rete venularum utrinque

inconspicuo; foliola lateralia oblique elliptica vel elliptico-ovata

usque ad 1 cm. longa et 0*7 cm. lata, basi valde inaequilateralia ,

margine inferiore rotundato vel subtruncato, superiore oblique

ascendente. bructus transverse ellipsoidei, circiter 5 mm. lon"i et

6 mm. lati, glabri, apice stylo persistente circiter 0*2 mm. lon<m cus-

pidatuli, uniloculares, carpello altero valde applanato loculo minimo

vacuo; endocarpium carpelli sterilis aspidiforme, lonmtudinaliter

costatum. Embryo cotyledonibus pluries conduplicatis &

British Somaliland. Maritime hills south of Berbern

m • 756 ( ‘ 7pe)> 75,176 °- 701;

C. allophylla is a tree which

in suitable localities, and is fairly

grows to a height of 10 or 12 feet

common on the maritime hills to the

south of Berbera, as far as the Golis range. Its Somali name is Hagar

Madow, and it yields a bdellium called Habbak Hagar which is some¬

times found mixed with Guban myrrh (C. Myrrha var. molmol , Engl.).

For further details see Drake-Brockman, British Somaliland, p. 308

(1912). — T. A. Sprague.

Fig. 1, leafy branch ; 2, a quinquefoliolate leaf ; 3, fruit, side view ; 4, endocarp,

showing the shield-shaped sterile segment; 5, longitudinal section of endocarp

showing the conduplicate embryo; 6, transverse section of endocarp, with an

immature embryo. All enlarged except 1, which is of natural size .

f* *# .•

0^ J G <+

6j r >' *

r 4 ?* ;A-A

>(L

xaSi

Wl^i

■*A*-***-e

Tabula 3111.

COMMIPHORA HODAI, Sprague.

Burseraceae.

C. hodai, Sprague ; species nova affinis C. abys&inicae , (Berg) Engl.,

3- qua habitu inermi, ramulis annotinis brunneis nitidulis, foliis

minoribus profundius crenato-serratis recedit.

y a

Arbor 2-2*4 m. alta, inermis, trunco ad 20 cm. diametro vel ultra.

Rami seniores rugosi, fusco-cinerei, unicus exstans 5-6 mm. diametro;

famuli annotini basi fere patentes demum ascendentes, satis graciles,

14-25 cm. longi, costati, laete brunnei, nitiduli, glabri, a basi 3-4 mm.

diametro ad apiccm sensim angustati, ramulos abbreviatos foliatos

Pnmum pulviniformes serius lente crescentes gerentes. Folia

papyracea plerumque 1-2 cm. longa, simplicia, nonnulla trifoliolata,

foliolis lateralibus pro rata minimis vel parvis ; petiolus gracilis,

1*5-3*5 mm. longus, supra canaliculatus, sparse ferrugineo-pilosus ;

mliolum terminal© (vel unicum) plerumque obovatum usque ad

°bjanceolatum, rarissime ovatum, 1-1*5 cm. longum, 5-9 mm. latum,

?P lce obtusum vel rotundatum, in basin cuneatim angustatum, grosse

irregulariter crenato-serratum, glabrum, nervo medio utrinque mani-

msto, supra nervis lateralibus inconspicuis rete venularum subocculto,

subtus nervis lateralibus et rete sub lente conspicuo ; nervi laterales

^rinsecus 4-6, satis procul a margine anastomosantes. Flores et

f r uclus ignoti.

British Somaliland. Maritime hills south of Berbera, Drake-

r °chnan, 688 ; Nogal valley, Drake-Brockman , 784 (type), 785.

0. hodai is evidently closely related to C. abyssinica , (Berg) Engl.,

fom which it may easily be distinguished by the coarser serration and

0 her characters mentioned above.

It is described as a tree 7 or 8 feet in height, and is said to

0 fair, y common on the maritime mountains to the south and south-

cst of Berbera, where it is known under the Somali name Hodai.

g ^ yields an opaque bdellium called Habbak Hodai and used by the

0 ° ma " women for washing their hair, and also as a liniment for rubbing

er an inflamed area. Some Somalis also give it in emulsion to their

as a purgative (vide Drake-Brockman, British Somaliland,

PP. 250-252, 310 : 1912J.-T. A. Sprague.

Leafy branch, natural size, ; a single ’eaf, enlarged.

Tabula 3112.

COMMIPHORA DRAKE-BROCKMANII, Sprague.

Bujrserackae.

C. Drake-Brockmanii, Sprague ; species nova affinis C. erythraeae ,

(Ehrenb.) Engl., a qua foliis simplicibus integris rete venularum

uiconspicuo necnon floribus subsessilibus differt.

Arbuscula circiter 1 m. alta. Ramuli exstantes 0*5-2 cm. longi,

broviter dense retrorsc pubescentes, alius abbreviatus, 0*5 cm. longus,

cicatricibus foliorum notatus, apice folia bracteas inflorescentiasque

a xillares gerens, alius circiter 2 cm. longus, inferno cicatricibus crebris

n °tatus, apice folia inflorescentiasque gerentes, internodiis intermediis

elongatis; folia intermedia hujus ramuli delapsa, de caule per

In ternodia duo decurrentia, cicatrice trilobato, parte decurrente valde

P r ominente tricostato costa media quam lateralibus majore. Falia

8 lI uplicia, longiuscule petiolata, suborbicularia vel subreniformia,

a pice obtusissima, rotundata vel levit-er retusa, basi subtruncata vel

8 a bcordata, 1 - 1*8 cm. diametro, coriacea, utrinque pilis valde curvatis

ense pubescentia ; nervi laterales utrinsecus circiter 4, satis irregulares,

P r °cul a margin© anastomosantes, utrinque praecipue subtus promi-

ne ntes, rete venularum in sicco inconspicuo ; petioli 4-6 mm. longi,

satis graciles, pubescentes vel tomentelli, basi in formam triangularem

Va Jdo incrassati. Injlorescentiae pleruraque triflorae, in axillis foliorum

y e bractearum solitariae ; bracteae suflulcientes cicatrice cordiformi

asa H lateraliter compressae, 2 - 2*5 mm. longae, tomentellae, a latere

^ 18ae interdum semilunares ; pedunculus 2-4 mm. longus, tomentellus ;

P^uicolli 0 • 5—1 mm. longi. Flore* 9 tanturn visi. Calyx in toto 3 mm.

t °ngus, extra retrorse tomentellus, intus sparse appresse pilosus;

1 !o Us ( a b ex 4eriore visus) 1*7 mm. longus; lobi ovato-deltoidei,

ru mm ‘ Petal® lanceolato-oblonga, 2*5 mm. longa, parte

Y P rerna 1 mm. longa marginibus inflexis, dorso incrassata, medio

j b*ta, apice inflexa. Staminodia antesepala longiora 1 • 1-1 *2 mm.

jat^ a an 4herodiis ovatis, antepetala breviora 0*6 mm. longa antherodiis

lon°r ° Va ^ 8 basi cordatis. Ovarium oblongum, ovoideum, 2 mm.

(cum stigmate subsesaili 2*3 mm. longum) basi 1*5 mm. dia-

loc |°’ P*bs brevibus plerumque retrorsis tomentellum, biloculare

0*2 ° a ^ ero biovulato altero vacuo; stylus subnullus (usque ad

l°ugus); stigma capitatum, circiter 0*5 mm. diametro.

Ovula ascendentia, J supra basin suam affixa. Drupa compresso-

ellipsoidea, 9-11 mm. longa, 9 mm. lata, 6-7 mm. crassa, epicarpio

velutino-pubescente, mesocarpio tenui carnoso valde reticulato, endo-

carpio lenticidari 5*5-7 mm. longo, G*5-7 mm. lato, 4-5 mm. crasso.

Semen solitarium. Cotyledones foliaceae, basi cordatae.

British Somaliland. Maritime hills S.E. of Berbera, Drake -

Brockman , 755 (type), 758.

C. Drake-Brock manii, though very different in appearance from

C. erythraea , (Ehrenb.) Engl., seems to be closely related to that species.

The indumentum is of the same character, and the drupes are almost

alike. The step from trifoliolate to unifoliolate (simple) leaves is a

small one in Commiphora , leaves of both types frequently being present

on the same species. The entire margin and indistinct reticulation of

the leaves, and the much reduced inflorescences with subsessile flowers,

form the best diagnostic characters of C. Drake-Brockmanii. It is

known by the Somalis under the name Dunkal, and is described by

the collector as a tree, seldom more than 3 or 4 feet in height,

with a sturdy gnarled appearance, and only scantily covered with

leaves. It yields a kind of bdellium known as Habbak Dunkal (vide

Drake-Brockman, British Somaliland, p. 311 : 1912).—T. A. Sprague.

Fia. 1, branchlet with female flowers; 2, branchlet with fruits; 3, leaf:

4, female flower; 5, do., laid open; 6, pistil; 7, 8, petals; 9, antepctalous

staminode ; 10, antesepalous staminode ; 11, bract; 12, 13, fruit, side and faco

views; 14, 15, endocarp, side and faco views; 16, 17, endocarp, longitudinal

and transverse sections. All enlarged, except 1 and 2, which are of natural size.

Tabula 3113.

ISOTHECA ALBA, Turrill.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Justicieae.

Isotheca, Turrill in Kew Bulletin , 1922, p. 187; ab Herpetacantho ,

Nees, floribus in thyrsum terminalem dispositis, staminum abaxialium

thecis aequalibus parallelis, pollinis granulis ad typum “ Stachelpollcn ”

pertinentibus differt.

Calyx 5-partitus, segmentis angustis acutis subaequalibus. Corollae

tubus elongatus, supeme parum ampliatus ; limbus 2 -labiatus, labio

adaxiali e segmentis 2 lateralibus composito, abaxiali breviter trilobo.

Stamina 4, didynama, filamentis basi per paria lateralia connatis ;

a ntherae staminum adaxialium monothecae, abaxialium dithecae,

thecis oblongis aequalibus parallelis muticis. Pollinis granula

sphaeroidea, e typo “ Stachelpollen.” Discus annularis, brevis. Stylus

filiformis, apice minute 2-dentatus ; ovula in quoque loculo 2. Capsula

(fere matura) oblongo-clavata, basi in stipitem longum solidum

contracts. Herba vel suffrutex, erecta. Folia integerrima. Flores

pedicellati, flavi, fasciculati vel solitarii, in axiilis bractearum parvarum

In thyrsum terminalem dispositi.

1* alba, Turrill , species unica.

Canles erecti, glabri. Folia elliptica, apice acute angustata vel

acuminata, basi in petiolum cuneato-angustata, usque ad 2*2 dm.

°nga (petiolo excluSo), costa nervisque in pagina superiore subimpressis,

n pagina inferiore^conspicuis, lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 12 marginem

crsus anastomosantibus, glaberrima ; petiolus usque ad 5 cm. longus,

lo 1 | Cr 1 ^ n fl orescen tia thyrsoidea, terminal is, cum pedunculo 3 cm.

s ^ dm. longa, glabra. Calycis segmenta 5, lanceolato-acicularia,

t u ^‘ le | ua ^ a » apice acuminata, 7 mm. longa. Corolla alba (ex Williams) y

Hie f 0 Cm ' ^ on ^.° ^ auce & mm. diametro glabro ; labii adaxialis seg-

a ^ a ^ era ^ a ’ " mm - longa, 2*5 mm. lata, labio abaxiali trilobo,

thep S ‘ 8 4 !le 4 Ua libus 1 *5 mm. longis. Stamina levitcr exserta ; antherae

circif 8 r*r lm ’ filamentis circiter 4*5 cm. longis ; pollinis granula

diarnT ^ i ametro * Ovarium cvlindricum, 3 mm. altum, 1-5

e ro, glabrum, loculis biovulatis ; stylus 5*5 mm. longus.

•o mm.

*55^ Turri!^ * heightS ° f Arip °’ 13 - L1922 - R - °-

®®otion of ahiiYioi ° P anfc l 0ft| y x 5 3, androeeium ; 4, anthers; 5, transverse

gynaeceum f ? ntaor ; transverse section of adaxial anther; 7, pollen grain ;

en targe4 except fig j >Var ^ r ln * on g»tudinal section and much enlarged stigma. All

Tabula 3114.

BELOPERONE FLAVIFLORA, Turrill.

Acantiiaceae. Tribus Justicieae.

B. flaviflora, Turrill in Keiv Bulletin , 1922, p. 187 ; a B. tenera ,

Turrill, planta fulvo-hirsuta, foliis multo majoribus, floribus flavis

facile distinguitur.

Herba (vel suffrutex) erecta, caulibus subteretibus junioribus dense

fulvo-hirsutis deinde subglabris. Folia oblongo-elliptica vel elliptica,

usque ad 2*75 dm. longa (petiolo excluso) et 1 *1 dm. lata, apice acute

acuminata basi cuneata vel acuta, costa nervisque in pagina utraque

conspicuis pilis fulvis in juventute praecipue instructis, nervis lateralibus

utrinsecus circiter 12 ; petiolus usque ad 6 cm. longus, fulvo-hirsutus.

Ivjlorescentiae axillares vel terminates; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae,

3 mm. longae, extra dense glanduloso-puberulae, caducae ; bracteolae

lineares, 2*5 mm. longae, dense glanduloso-puberulae. Calycis seg-

menta lanceolato-linearia, acuta, 5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, puberula.

Corolla anguste cylindrica, superne leviter ampliata, 2*8 cm. longa,

flava, extra glanduloso-puberula, labio adaxiali 1*2 cm. longo apice

emarginato, abaxiali 1*2 cm. longo leviter aequaliterque trilobato.

Stamina 2, leviter exserta, filamentis 1 *8 cm. longis interne pilis brevibus

reflexis instructis, antheris dithecis, thecis superpositis utrisque vix

2 mm. longis calcaratis ; pollinis granula ellipsoideo-oblonga, 55-58 jjl

longa, 32-33 p. diametro. Ovarium cylindrico-conoideum, 3 mm. altum,

basi 1*25 mm. diametro, puberulum ; stylus 2*2 cm. longus, interne

puberulus.

West Indies. Trinidad: heights of Aripo, 13.1.1922, R. 0

Williams .

This is a very distinct species of Beloperone. It is related to a plant

•collected by C. G. Pringle at Las Canoas, State of San Luis Potosi,

Mexico, 1891, no. 3933, and described by B. L. Robinson in Proc.

Amer. Acad. vol. xxvii. p. 183 (1892), as Belo'perone fraqilis, Rob.

Unfortunately this name cannot stand, since the same combination

had been used previously by Martius in Flor. Bras. vol. ix. p. 140 (1847),

to designate a plant, which, from the description, is a quite distinct

species, from Prov. Bahia, Brazil. For the Mexican plant it is pro¬

posed that the name Beloperone tenera , Turrill, should be substituted

for Beloperone fragilis , Robinson.—W. B. Turrill.

Pig. 1, portion of plant; 2, stamens; 3, pollen grains; 4, gynaeceum with

°vary in longitudinal section ; 5, lower lip of corolla; 6, calyx. All enlarged

except Jig . 1.

3115

\ J

U 1

V A

/1 i I

(I \ jjjr

(fl I dv]

LV\ /if \

II 1 /\ 1' 1 v 1

kWI /|J If 1

\\ III a fill

YlU] i;i «j|

SL A//

GA 4il.«r i^k.

Tabula 3115.

ASTRAGALUS DURHAMII, Turrill.

Leguminosae. Tribus Galegeae.

A* Durhamii, Turrill in Kew Bulletin , 1922, p. 294, et l.c. 1924,

P-320; ab A. ajubense, Bge, vexilli lamina elliptico-ovata latiore

uiffert.

Panics glabri, lcviter longitudinaliter costati, teretes. Folia caulina

Usque ad 1 *7 dm. longa, glabra vel fere glabra,folioliscirciter 30 elliptico-

anceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis apice obtusis saepe breviter apiculatis

usi rotundatis petiolulatis petiolulis 1 mm. longis costa in pagina

. ra que prominent© nervis lateralibus in pagina superiore impressis

, P a gina inferior© prominentibus; stipulae lanceolatae, apice

• ^nuatae, usque ad 2*7 cm. longae, interdum pilis albis longis paucis

8 r uctae. Irijlorescentiae axillares, multiflorae, globosae; pedunculi

^ 4 u e ad 5-5 cm. longi, pilis albis paucis dispersis praediti, bracteae

e ari-lanceolatae, apice attenuatae, circiter 1 cm. longae; margine

de^i a lko-ciliatae. Calyx longe albo-pilosus, tubo 9 mm. longo,

sub ' tl ^ U8 .bncan-acicularibus usque ad 9 mm. longis inter se

Lit ae 5 . ua ^bus. Corolla intense lutea, vexillo 2-2 cm. longo, lamina

e elliptico-ovata apice leviter emarginata 1 *5 cm. longa 1 -2 cm. lata,

alia 2-1

fila " A Cm ' * on gi s 4 mm - latis, carina 2*1 cm. longa 6 mm. lata basi

jo^nteru* tubo distincte adnata. Filamenta glabra. Ovarium

instru denseque albo-pilosum; stylus infeme pilis albis dispersis

Europe. Gallipoli Peninsula, Durham , 11 .

Infronn 01 8 P ec ^ me ns of this interesting plant were collected by Capt.

l ea g e t ^ on the cliff at Maidos in 1923 and show that the leaves and

leave * ^ some times larger than those of the original specimen. The

1.3 C S ar( ? U P to 3 dm. in length, and the leaflets up to 4 - 5 cm. long and

iu a m * . roa -d. Fruit was also collected. Each legume is enclosed

and c r8 ! s tont calyx, which becomes enlarged and membranaceous,

the Ul /° a> an( * I 1 * 1 ? l° n g white silky hairs which are much denser in

being P er P art *> it is slightly keeled on both sutures, the adaxial keel

lateral J° ac er than the abaxial; it is nearly ellipsoid with a slight

future f 0 m P f ress i° n , anc ^ Its length is 8 to 10 mm., its breadth from

0 8u tnre nearly 6 mm., and at right angles to the suture plane

5 mm. ; it is completely divided from suture to suture into two loculi

by a yellow shining septum. Apparently only one ovule in each

loculus normally matures to a seed. All the seeds examined had

collapsed.

The section Alopecias , to which our plant belongs, consists of two

series, A. Durhamii being placed in the Ebracteolati and in the sub-

series Megalotropi. In this subseries it is further delimited by its

globose and long peduncled inflorescences. From species with similar

characters, other than A. ajubensis , it is distinguished by its indu¬

mentum, the shape and teeth of the calyx, and the details of corolla

structure. Of species occurring in Europe it most nearly resembles

A. ponticus , Fall., from which it differs in its glabrous stems and nearly

glabrous foliage, its long peduncle, linear-acicular calyx teeth which

are subequal and approximately as long as the calyx-tube, the larger

corolla and broader vexillum, and in the lamina of the carina being

broader than that of the wings. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, plant; 2, flower; 3, standard; 4, keel; 5, wing; 0, androcciun 1 *

7, gynaeceum ; 8, calyx spread open ; 9, bract; 10, fruit and calyx ; 11, fruit >

12, transverse section of fruit. A ll enlarged except Jig. 1.

Tabula 3116.

EPIMEDIUM PUBIGERUM, Morren et Decaisne.

Berberidaceae. Tribus Berbereae.

E. pubigerum, Morren et Decaisne in Ann. Sci. Nat. 2 me Ser. vol. ii.

P. 355 (1834) ; Boiss. Flor. Or. vol. i. p. 101 (1867) ; Stoyanoff, N.,

e t Stcfanoff, B., in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. vol. lxx. p. 296 (1921),

e t in Flore de la Bulgarie, p. 468, t. 565 (1924). E. alpinum var.

pubigerum , DC. Syst. vol. ii. p. 28 (1821), et Prodr. vol. i. p. 110

0824) ; D’Urville in Mem. Soc. Linn. Paris, vol. i. p. 274 (1822) ;

J^anchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vol. xxxiii. p. 107 (1886); ab E. alpino ,

rhizomate breviore crassiore, foliis maturis latioribus valde

c ordatis subtus in axillis lanatis marginem versus linea rubra haud vel

Vl * instructis, floribus pallidioribus luteis differt.

Rhizoma horizontaliter vel subhorizontaliter repens, crassum, radices

n Umerosas emittens, squamarum vestigiis vestitum, nodosum, nodis

s 9Uamis subrotundatis concavis venosis fuscis foliorum basin circum-

da-ntibus instructis. Folia radicalia 1-2, usque ad 2*7 dm. longa,

8a epissime triternata, petiolo communi circiter 7-10 cm. longo ad

Pstiolulorum insertiones intumescenti piloso pilis mollibus coloratis

f°rtasse glandulosis, petiolulis lateralibus 3-5 cm. longis ad foliolorum

la sertionem piloso-lanatis ; foliola subrotundato-ovata, apice acuta vel

r ^viter acuminata, basi valde cordata, 4-4-5 cm. longa, 3-3-5 cm. lata,

^ ar gine acutissime dentata, dentibus ad folioli apicem curvatis, adulta

aa rtacea, supra viridia, subnitida, subtus glaucescentia, reticulato-

Ve nosa, venis prominulis, juniora submembranacea, pilis mollibus

bls inspersa ad petioluli insertionem dense lanata ; folium caulinum

^ ae pissime solitarium, foliis radicalibus simile sed brevius. In -

° Tes centia terminalis, laxiflora, erecta, pilis numerosis articulatis

P r °babiliter glandulosis instructa ; bracteae ovatae, 1-4 mm. longae.

° re s pedicellis 4-9 mm. longis suffulti. Sepala 4, inaequalia, ex-

, ri ora minora. Petala 4, aequalia, ovato-oblonga, obtusa, sepalis

rot ° ma i° ra > 5-7 mm - i° n g a > nectariis breviter cylindricis apice

0 H^datis. Stamina gynaeceo longiora. Ovarium ellipsoideo-

° l deum, stylo laterali.

j.B ulgaria. Strandja Planina, in wet forests of Fagus orientalis }

1921, N. Stoyanoff and B. Stefanoff.

The species figured in our plate is, so far as is known, limited, in the

Balkan Peninsula, to the south-eastern part from the Belgrade Forest,

north of Constantinople, to the north-western Strandja in S.E. Bulgaria.

It is also recorded from Asia Minor and the Caucasus. It was collected

in Thrace by D’Urville and by Sibthorp. An oversight in the Flora

Graeca requires attention. In the Sibthorp Herbarium at Oxford

there are two specimens of Epimedium , both without flowers and

fruits. One is certainly E. pubigerum , little doubt from the Belgrade

Forest, the other may or may not be this species. In the Flora

Graeca, t. 150 (1913), the plant figured is E. alpinum , and this is

the name correctly used there for the plate, though the locality is

given as “ in sylvis ad pagum Belgrad, in agro Constantinopolitano.”

It would thus appear that the plant figured and described was not

that collected by Sibthorp in Thrace, but was possibly a cultivated

specimen.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1. portion of plant, natural size ; 2, plant, reduced ; 3, flowers and young

fruit; 4, androecium; 5, longitudinal section of gynaeceum; 6, petal. AU

enlarged except Jigs. 1 and 2.

Tabula 3117.

VIOLA DELPHINANTHA, Boiss.

Violaceae. Tribus Violeae.

v. delphinantha, Boiss., Diagn. Ser. I. vol. i. p. 7 (1842), et Flor.

jj vol. i. p. 453 (1867) ; Hal. Consp. Flor. Gr. vol. i. p. 137 (1900);

Nervier in Bull. Acad. Internat. de Geogr. Bot. vol. xv. p. 58 (1905);

Violae Europeae 73 (1910), et in Fedde Repert. vol.xviii.p. 142

ab v Stoyanoff * n Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. vol. lxx. p. 110 (1921);

V. cazorlensi, Gdgr, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis acutis, dorso ad

iH8t m - ^boais, hasi rotundatis appendicibus minutis semilunaribus

lev'+ UC ^ 8 ’ P c ^ a ^ s obovatis, petalo infimo caeteris subaequali apice

der emarginato recedit.

'si t ^ 7”- a P er ennis, glabra, caulibus numerosis erectis vel suberectis

lijj'Pbeibus e rhizomate suffruticoso orientibus. Folia linearia vel

sp^'^blanceolata, usque ad 1-5 cm. longa et 1-5 mm. lata, acuta,

stir* } a ’ ,^ as ' n versus attenuata, uninervia, nervo subprominente;

bu!,7- ‘ n . superioribus integrae, folio persimiles, in foliis inferiori-

ped blpa rtitae partitionibus exterioribus folio minoribus. Flos singulus,

ttu , ( j Uncu, ° 2-5-5 cm. longo erecto ebracteolato e folii inferioris vel

11 ax >Ua oriens. SepaUi linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, acutiuscula,

oboy 1 7' longa ’ obtuse et brevissime appendiculata. Pelala persistentia,

a,j. a a > 1 ’ 1 cm. longa ; calcar 1 -5-2-5 cm. longum. Stamina ovario

] trnn^f’ ^! amen ^ s planis 1 mm. longis 1 mm. latis, antheris vix

inf eri ° ngis -. Ovarium ovoideum, 1 -25 mm. altum ; stylus in parte

re 8 e uiculatus, in parte superiore capitato-crassatus antice

Vlter rostratus.

12 7 °i In rupestribus calcareis mt. Ali-BotuS, prope Paril,

' aa2 0, N. Stoyanoff.

^^essal f et ?? r ^ a I , l e violet figured is limited to Mt. Olympus in

^estcrj?’ p ^^ los in S. Macedonia, and Mt. Ali-Botus, a south-

recentiy ?, ut ": r °I the Rodope Mountains in S. Bulgaria.'' It is only

to Wbon Ut ^ i*. aa been discovered on Mt. Ali-Botu3 by Dr. Stoyanoff,

Not 0 , We . are indebted for the specimens figured.

*°gicaii'''f 18 , tJl ° species geographically isolated, it is also morpho-

w ith oi^ble since it has important characters which are shared

j wo other known species: V. cazorlensis, Gandoger in Bull, de

1’Assoc. fran£. de Bot. vol. v. p. 226 (1902) non vidi, et in Bull. Acad.

Intern. Geogr. Bot. vol. xv. p. 57 (1905), and V. KoSaninii , Degen in

Mag. Bot. Lap. vol. x. pp. 109, 116 (1911). V. cazorlensis occurs in

South Spain, Prov. Jaen : in fissuris calcarura mont. diet. Sierra de

Castril et de Cazorla 15-1900 m.; Barrancon de Valentina, sources

du Guadalquivir ; Sierra del Poza ; Cerro Jilio, ad fontem del Tejo ;

Sierra de Cabrilla. The subsection Delphinoideae of the section

Nomimium was formed by Boissier in Flor. Or. vol. i. p. 451 (1867),

for V. delphinanlha, and V. cazorlensis has been placed by Becker, l.c.,

in the same subsection. A careful account by Ilervier, l.c., makes

clear the characters which separate the two species, and also clears up

certain mistakes in Gandoger’s original description of V. cazorlensis.

V . Kosaninii was described by Degen, l.c. p. 108, as V. delpkinantha

subsp. Kosaninii , but the specific combination is made as cited above,

and also by Hayek in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, vol. xciv. p. 155

(1918). It was originally described from specimens collected on Mt.

Solunska, the highest peak of the Jakupica, in the southern part of the

GoleSnica Planina, south of Ueskueb (Skoplje), by Dr. KoSanin. Dorfler

also collected it on the Albanian-Montenegrin boundary near Bap&i*

It differs from V. delphinanlha in having the petals much narrower, the

lower anticous one more deeply emarginate, nearly bilobed, and the

spur only half as long or even shorter.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, plant; 2, leaf; 3, abaxial petal and spur ; 4, an adaxial petal; 5, calyx »'

6, androeeium and gynaeceum ; 7, gynaeceum ; 8, longitudinal section of ovary*

All enlarged except Jig . 1.

Tabula 3118 .

VERONICA RIGIDA, TurriU.

SCROPIIULARIACEAE. Tribu8 DlGITALEAE.

V. rigida, Turrill in Kew Bull. 1922, p. 186 ; ab V. Chamaedrys , L.,

caulibus rigidioribus ramosioribus, foliis petiolatis, infructescentiis

saepe longioribus, pedicellis brevioribus, corollis minoribus differt.

Planta perennis (vel interdum biennis), caulibus cylindricis adscen-

dentibus ramosis rigidis inferne pilis in lineis duabus dispositis instructis

superne undique hirsutis. Folia oblongo-ovata vel ovata, apice

subobtusa, basi subcordata deinde in petiolum angustata, usque ad

3*8 cm. longa et 2*7 cm. lata (petiolo excluso), saepissime minora et

circiter 2 cm. longa et 1 *5 cm. lata, margine inciso-dentata, in pagina

superiore leviter hispida vel glabra nervis impressis, in pagina inferiore

nervis prominentibus valde hispidis ; petiolus 6-7 mm. longus, hispido-

hirsutus. Injlorescentia 3-12 cm. longa, glanduloso-hirsuta ; bracteae

lineari-lanceolatae, 4-5 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, glanduloso-hirsutae ;

pedicelli floriferi 2 mm. longi. Infructescentia usque ad 3*4 dm. longa ;

pedicelli fructiferi 4 mm. longi. Calyx 5 mm. longus, sepalis costis

extra prominentibus instructis. Corolla 8-10 mm. diametro, intense

eaerulea, lobis lateralibus adaxialique 3-5 mm. latis, abaxiali circiter

2 mm. lato. Stamina 3 mm. longa, caerulea. Ovarium biconvexum,

a mbitu circulare, 0 • 75 mm. altum, marginibus apiceque albo-hirsutum ;

stylus 3-5 mm. longus, inferne albus, medio purpureus, superne intense

°aeruleus. Capsula obcordata, 3*5 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, margine

^lbo-hirsuta, saepissime pubescens ; semina oblongo-orbicularia, pallide

nava.

Greek Macedonia. Southern slopes of Krusa Balkan; north of

Karamudli, Turrill , (seed-number) 49, seeds collected 18.6.17, in flower

a ud fruit at Kew from May to September.

This plant was originally described (in Kew Bull. 1920, p. 192) as

a variety of Veronica Chamaedrys , L. After cultivating it for five

Recessive years and finding that its important differential characters

* e uiain constant it was thought advisable to raise it to specific rank.

n cultivation it has behaved both as a biennial and as a perennial

owering the second and succeeding years after being sown. —

' • B. Turrill.

5 ! G * b plant, reduced ; 2, portion of plant, natural size; 3, leaf; 4, flower;

e L ar tyns; Q t gynaeceum ; 7, calyx and gynaeceum ; 8, fruit. All enlarged

* Ce Pt figs. 1 and 2.

3119 .

S.Gowtr dtl.,GA. IllK.

Tabula 3119.

PSEUDOSCOLOPIA POLYANTHA, Gilg.

Flacourtiaceae. Tribus Scolopieae.

^ Polyantha, Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. liv. p. 343 (1917) ; species

lca foliis oppositis placentis uniovulatis valde distincta.

lat^ f ^° r c ? rc ^ er & m - a ^ a > ramu li glabri. Folia 2-7 cm. longa, 1-3 cm.

Ve a ’ petiolata, lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, apice acuminata

q Su bacuminata, basi angustata, subintegra vel serrata, glabra.

glab^ 6 f ° liis hreviores. Pedicelli 1-2 cm. longi, pubescentes vel sub-

ri » hasi bracteolati. Sepala fere ad basin libera, 7 mm. longa,

Pet / mm ' ^ a ^ a ’ l ance °l a t' a > a pice obtusa, pubescentia, ciliata, venosa.

fJly ta sepalis subsimilia. Stamina oo ; filamenta 4-5 mm. longa,

t er ^ rrnia > glabra. Ovarium 1-loculare, ovulis 2 ; stylus 3 mm. longus,

a Pice a ^ 1Ce . hilobus. Capsula 9 mm. longa, basi 6 mm. lata, ovoidea,

Fra a . CUm ^ nata - Semina arillata, pilis stellatis tecta.— Pseudoscolopia

cn > fillips, Gen. South Afr. FI. PI. 416 (1926).

8, Af^ T p, Africa. Pondoland: Ntsubane Forest, Fraser in Herb.

r ‘ P° res t Dept. 3058, 3105, 3133; and in National Herbarium

500 n j) ^he ^ n hweni and in the Egosa Forest, along streams, up to

*’ Bachman , 1712, 1713. Beyrich , 116, 125 (Herb. Berlin).

c °Uect S P^ c * m< ; n f rom which the accompanying plate was drawn was

In f 0r ^ Y P° r ester G. Fraser in the Ntsubane Forest, Pondoland.

seen thif ' ln ^ ®P e . c i mens Forester Fraser writes: “ So far I have only

forest e( ] r ree y^hin 100 yards of the edge of the forest or on the actual

Well witr° exception of a few small individuals which grow

that it iS nn t'he forest among taller timber trees. It appears therefore

8 pecir nen n j Ura ^ habitat is on the fringe of the forest. The largest

a hout 15 f e across measured 3 ft. 10 in. in circumference and

!? re »t on o e( i ai gh, and this was growing about 30 yards within the

*he bark ^ ^°P e * The trees usually do not grow to this height,

ascertain r ° U ^ a an ^ ^ a hy, and the wood, as far as I have been able

^ > 18 n °t put to any economic use.”— E. P. Phillips.

k^anists, ancf ^udoseolopia has been described independently by two

1 is a remarkable coincidence that both of them should

have selected the same name for the plant in reference to the

affinity with the genus Scolopia. In the family Flacourtiaceae the

genus is well marked on account of its opposite leaves and uniovulate

placentas.—J. Hutchinson.

Fig. 1, flower seen from above ; 2, anther ; 3, pistil; 4, longitudinal section of

ovary showing the uniovulate placentas ; 5, seed ; 6, stigmas and stylo ; 7, open

capsule. All enlarged .

Tabula 3120.

ZYGrOTRITONIA CROCEA, Stapf.

Iridaceae. Tribus Ixieae.

Z. crocea, Stapf ; species nova Z. bongensi , Mildbr., proxima, sedcaule

slongato, foliis latioribus, floribus croceis, perianthii segmento postico

semper incurvato, nec demum erecto distincta.

Herba perennis, sub anthesi 2-4 dm. alta. Cormus globoso-bulbosus

c Um tunicis arete reticulato-fibrosis, ad 3 cm. diametro. Cataphylla

^'3-na, vaginantia, cinereo-brunnea, arete nervoso-striata, ore valde

°t>Uquo, summum ad 8 cm. longum, subacutum. Folia 2-na e vagina

?Umma exserta, aliud caulinum internodio ad 15 cm. longo remotum,

dla equitantia, e basi longissime anguste attenuata lanceolato-linearia,

ion ge acuta, 20-30 cm. longa, 12-25 mm. lata, breviter marginata,

n srvis crassioribus 3, rarius 4, hoc ad medium vel fere totum com¬

pose cymbiforine, 5-15 cm. longum, 5-8 mm. latum. Inflorescentia

P^dunculo 5-8 cm. longo suffulta, e spicis 3 (rarius 2 vel 1) distantibus

Vlr gatis laxis constituta ; spicae bracteis spathoideis anguste acutis,

jlUaruni infima 3-5^cm. longa (caeteris multo minoribus), sufTultae,

s-terales 10-16 cm. longae, terminalis paulo longior; spathae florales

£t° ovatae, 3-5 mm. longae, apice scariosae, adaxialis breviter 2-loba.

tores 5-8 mm. distantes, crocei (fide Dalziel). Perianthii tubus

e viter vel vix curvatus, 4-5 mm. longus; segmentum posticum

^ n guste galeatum, circiter 6 mm. altum, demum magis apertum, sed

1. ? lrne rectum, caetera spatulato-oblonga, obtusa, 4-5 mm. longa,

,0-1-75 mm. lata. Filamenta ad 6 mm. longa; antherae 3 mm.

tjgae. Receptaculum 2 mm. longum, spat his inclusum; stylus

gi ea brevior. Capsula subglobosa, 3-loba, lobis in dorso obtusissimis,

lllrn - diametro. Semen 1 (raro 2) pro loculo.

0 ^°Rthern Nigeria. Zungeru, Dalziel, 558; Abinsi, Katsina Allah,

a stony hills, Dalziel , 848 (19.6.12).

* Guinea. “ Bissikrima, ,, Pobeguin , 1123, p.p.

?b* ns i specimens have simple or nearly simple spikes and, like

flow ^ UlU 8 P^ an t» slightly less obtuse floral spathes, whilst the few

2 ^ rs preserved are more of the type of those of the Sudanese

n yensis , although smaller. Dr. Dalziel also collected near Abinsi>

and about the same time, another species, which differs rather

strikingly from Z. crccea as well as from Z. bongensis. This may be

diagnosed here briefly as Z. praecox, Staff (nov. spec.) :

Planta sub anthesi 15-35 cm. alta, gracilis. Cormus 1-5-3 cm.

diametro, tunicis laxe reticulato-fibrosis. Cataphylla 2 vel 3, tenuiter

striata, parte supravaginali 5-10 m. longa, acuta vel acutissima, apice

sum mi 5-12 cm. supra cormum. Folium basale unicum, caulem flori-

ferum praeiens, sub anthesi nullum, 15-20 cm. longum, 2*5-5 mm.

latum, longe acutum, nervis crassioribus 2 vel 3 ; folia caulina 1 vel 2

distantia, valde reducta. Spicae 3-1, terminalis 10-15 cm. longa,

laterales breviores, interdum pauciflorae. Spathae jlorales 2*5-3 mm.

longae, obtusae. Flores intermedii 5-6 mm. distantes, albi.

Perianthii tubus 3 mm. longus, anguste infundibuliformis ; segmentum

posticuin leviter incurvum vel demum rectum, 6 mm. longum, lateralia

3-4 m. longa. Capsula 4 cm. diametro, lobis in dorso sub dehiscentia

ipsa subcarinatis.

Northern Nigeria. Abinsi, on alluvial soil amongst grasses,

Dalziel , 847 (1.6.1912). I

The sheet of specimens collected by Pobeguin at “ Bissikrima ”

in French Guinea (no. 1123) contains a combination similar to that of

DalzieTs Abinsi collecting—namely, a flowering stem with a pair of basal

leaves, like Dalziel 848, and a flowering stem without basal leaves, like

Dalziel 817. The description on the label of the flowers as jaune

roux ” refers evidently to the former, the flowers of the latter being

very pale but not so uniformly white as in Dalziel 847.—0. Stapf. I

Fia. 1, corm and leaves, natural size ; 2, inflorescence, natural size ; 3, a flower

in front view, X 6 ; 4, the same in side view, X 6 ; 5, one of the lateral inner

perianth-segments, flattened out and (below) in its natural condition, X 9 ; 6, one

of tho lateral outer perianth-segments, flattened out, X 9 ; 7, the frontal perianth*

segment, flattened out, X 9 ; 8, part of the perianth tube with stamens and dors* 1

segment, straightened and flattened out; the pistil in front, X 9 ; 9, part of *

leaf, X 2 ; 10, floral spathes, X 6 ; 11, fruit in top and side view, X 4.

3121

WI T. d«t-it lit*

Tabula 3121.

PLEIADELPHIA GOSSWEILERI, Stapf

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

Pleiadelphia, Stapf ; genus novum cum Anaddphia , Hack., et cum

^yvnandra , Stapf, comparandum ; ab ilia racemis aliter constitutis,

^ s picularum paribus 3 vel 4 inferis neutris homomorphis et spicula

Oica fertili cum pedicellis 2-nis vacuis adiectis trionem terminalem

psrfectum formante compositis ; ab hac racemis solitariis, spiculis

P ar ium homomorphorum ad glumas reductis distinctum.

y piculac 2-natae; iliac parium inferiorum 3 vel 4 neutrae, homo-

t ri ° r ■ ae ’ una sessilis, altera pedicellata, summa fertilis pedicellis

r h° n , k ? terminalis vacuis adiectis ; paria sterilia secundum racemi

p j ln laxe disposita, rhachi inter ea tenace. Racemi solitarii,

foi: Uncu ^° gracili fere toto in spatheola incluso suffulti, in paniculam

Ped‘ ^ 8 P a ^ ea ^ am( l ue collecti, maturi infra spiculam fertilem cum

filifo^ 18 ad * ec ^ 8 deciduam disarticulati; articuli pedicellique tenuiter

r0 (i Orme8 * Anthoecia 2 in spicula fertili, inferius ad lemma vacuum

Bubtn Um * ® u P er ius nulla in spiculis neutris. Spicula fertilis

0^ re8 » aristata, callo longo pungente dense sericeo-tomentoso.

ec Rrin C f 8U ^ )a ?^ ua * e8 inferior subcoriacea, in dorso rotundata, tota

e sinu f a T* ce °l>tu8a, 6-nervis ; superior tenuior, minute emarginata,

recipi e ( i Uu ^ er anstata, utrinque leviter sulcata ad pedicellos adiectos

ciliatu C .° 8 * ^’ nerv i fl * Lemma inferius oblongum, hyalinum, 2-nerve,

attenunl ’ 8u Pfriu8 2-lobum, infra lobos hyalinos eciliatos valde

aiedio i Um, i e 8lnu l°borumaristatum, arista valida appresse pubescente

® ta mina q U o n . nam °t setam divisa. Lodiculae 2, minutae, glabrae.

Gar yopsi ^ f ^ ma ta lateraliter exserta ; styli subterminales, liberi.

8c Utellu n ) d' 13 ?^.^ n drioa, ob styli basin persistentem minute apiculata ;

a cutao ni V ni(lum car yopsis subaequans. Spiculae neutrae subulatae,

acuta vel ae .’ ? all ° . null o; gluma inferior explanata lanceolata,

'ateralibus J 1 / 111 • 8Ime bidenticulata, late involuta, ecarinata, nervis 9,

Co llectis sun V1 virides a nervo ct a margine aeque distantibus

CUlta 08ubvalM° r 8Unilis J ndnor » hyalina, 3-nervis.— Gramm annuum,

8 °luto, f 0 i: n _ lt 0 j ,r ° paaxima parte in paniculam foliatam decompositam

lon « i8 a ^g^tis duris. 1

* n Afnca tropica occidentali.

P. Gossweileri, Slap/ ; species nova, unica.

Gramen annuum, plerurnque pluricaule, ultra 1*5 m. altum, sub-

glabrum. Culmi erecti, multinodes, interne validiusculi, simplices

et teretes, superne (a nodo 3- vel 6°) ramosi et in latere ad ramos

spectante magis minusve sulcati; internodia infera 5-12 cm.,

supera ad 15 cm. longa ; rami simplices vel iterum ramosi, saepe

perlongi, erecti, uti ramuli 2-5-ni cincinnatim fasciculati; ramuli

omnes florentes. Foliorum vaginae 7-9 cm. longae, dorso rotundatae,

glabrae laevesque, firmae, infimae laxae, latae, intra rubro-castaneae,

superiores arctae ; ligulae brevissimae, truncatae, scaiiosae, ciliolatae ;

laminae lineares, e basi vix 5 mm. latiore longe attenuatae, acutae,

ad 30 cm. longae, facie virides, hicinde vel rubro sufTusae vel maculatae,

dorso subglaucae, ad ligulam plus minusve barbatae, j)ilis albis longi^t

costa albida facie basin versus latiuscula, dorso tenui, nervis lateralibus

primariis utrinque 3-4, margine asperulo. Panicula saepe 1 m.

excedens, decomposita, foliata foliis sursum gradatim angustioribus

et eorum landnis redactis, ultimis anguste spathuloideis ; spatheolaC

angustissime involutae, laminam setaceam gerentes vel subelaminatae,

circiter 8 cm. longae ; pedunculi tenuiter fdiformes, glabri, breviter

e spatheola exserti. Racemorum rhaclds G-10 mm. longa, glabra;

pedicelli tenuissimi, inferiores ad 3 mm. longi, laeves vel sublaeves,

ei trionis 2 mm. longi et ciliati. Spicula fertilis cum callo 14-16 mi¬

longa, callo fulvo-tomentoso 5-6 mm. longo ; gluma inferior mature

flavido-brunnea, 8-10 mm. longa, dense appresse pubescens, superior 8

aristula ad 3 cm. longa, scaberula ; lemmatis fertilis arista 8-9 cifl*

longa, medio geniculata, abhinc setosa ; antherae ad 6 mm. longa°*

Spiculae neutrae 6-7 mm. longae, ad nervos laete virides, caeteruR 1

pallidae. Caryopsis brunnea, circiter 6 mm. longa, 1 mm. diametro.

Tropical Africa. Portuguese Congo; Sumba, Peco, near the

Congo in sandy soil, 30 m. alt., Gossweiler 8739, coll. 1923.

The genus now proposed affords a further instance of the wealth

types of structure exhibited by the Andropogoneae of tropical Africa

where the factors governing the building up and grouping of tb©

racemes and spikelets of the tribe induce much diversity without

however, obscuring the essential linkages in which the tribal character

find expression. This diversity cannot, except along fractional

be reduced to such a direct course of evolution as might be render©

graphically in a phylogenetic tree.

By its general appearance Pleiadelphia suggests an Elynicw 1 ^

(see t. 3092 of this series) in which one member of the raceme-p 8,1

is tracelessly suppressed and the male spikelets either become n© 11 ^

or, in the terminal trio, are lost altogether. The spikelets too

call those of Elytnandra , except that, as in Anadelphia —anoth 6 ,

more distantly related type—the upper glume of the fertile

is notched and awned and the reduction of the hyaline wings of ,

upper lemma is less marked, whilst the distribution of the nerve* 0

the lower glume of the neuter spikelets points to derivation from

a dorsally more flattened, two-keeled state. Otherwise Anadelphia

differs typically in the absence of homogamous spikelets, all the pairs

being heterogamous. —0. Stapf.

Fia. 1, base of a plant, natural size ; 2, a portion of a leaf from the junction of

blade and sheath, natural size ; 3, a portion of a panicle, natural size ; 4, a raceme,

X 2 (awn cut); 5, a pedicelled spikelet, X 6 ; 6, a sessile neuter spikelet, X 6 ;

7, the lower glume of a neuter spikelet, X 6 (flattened out); 8, a portion of the

same in the fresh state, X 6 ; 9, upper glume of a neuter spikelet, X 9 (flattened

out); 10, a portion of the same in the fresh state, X 6 ; 11, a fertile spikelet,

X 2 (awn cut); 11a, the empty pedicels of a trio with the callus of the fertile

spikelet, X 2 (the ciliae of the pedicels are drawn too short); 12, lower glume of

a fertile spikelet, X 3 (flattened out and seen from within); 13, upper glume of

the same, X 3 (drawn in the same condition as 12); 14, lower lemma with the

lodicules of the upper floret attached, X 3 ; 15, upper (fertile) lemma, X 4 (awn

°ut); 16, a portion of the column of the awn, X 8 (the minute hairs of the awn

ar ° much more numerous than shown here, and they are closely appressed);

a flower and lower lemma, X 4 ; 18, diagram of a fertile spikelet; 19 and

^0, caryopsis in back and front view, X 5.

Tabula 3122.

VIGUIERELLA MADAGASCARIENSIS, A. Camus et Stop/.

Gramineae. Tribus Festuceae.

V. madagascariensis, A. Camus cl Slap/ in Butt. Bimens. Soc. Linn.

Lyon (1926), 11, cl in Bull. Soc. Bat. France , vol. lxxiii. p. 404 (1926) ;

species unica.

Oramen annuum, 10-20 cm. altum. Culmi e basi ascendente genicu-

plurinodes, ramosi, graciles, glabri. Foliorum vaginae summis

Umidulis exceptis angustae et quam internodia breviores, glabrae.

'H/ulae ad seriem pilorum redactae; laminae anguste lineares, ex-

sjccando involutae, 2-5-4 cm. longae, explicatae fere ad 2 mm. latae,

IPdulae, facie et dorso pilosae pilis illic crebris hie sparsis paucisque

e xuosis ultra 1 mm. longis tenuissimis, sursum scaberulae.

Worescentia basi vagina summa involuta, bracteata, spicata, densa

j l^xa, erecta, 4-5-5 cm. longa, axi angulato supra bractearum

I jsertionem canaliculato-excavato; bracteae explicatae oblongae,

^uscule acuminatae, 2 mm. longae, enerves, ciliolatae, spiculas

tot U C16n *t es ve ^ vacuae > persistentes. Spiculae sessiles solitariae,

a e deciduae, irregulariter dispositae, nunc 2-3 mm. distantes, nunc

er< ect‘ S a Pproximatae, nunc specie geminatae vel ternatae, oblique

ae > ca llo aristisque demptis 4-5 mm. longae, nonnullae varie

^ore r GC ^ ao m * Moresque, summa ad aristas redacta ; perfectae cum

pj] ] UniC0 » ca ll us fere acicularis, 1 mm. longus, dense appresse

in a ‘ u : s ; Glumae subaequales, oblongae, saepe obbquae, apice

infer Ul l ^ er minute bilobae, e sinu aristatae, 1-nerves, ciliolatae,

g p ac ijV r ^*b~l*75 mm. longa, superior paulo longior ; arista recta,

iHtern IS ’i^'^ mm - longa, scaberula. Anthoecia 2, rhachillae filiformes

«up e j ( 10 *’5 mm. longo glabro separata; inferius perfectum,

* 0tl gain S a< r . no ^ um redactum ; rhachilla ultra id in setulam ad 2 -5 mm.

°bli qu k P ro( lucta. Lemma fertile a latere valde compressum, carinatum,

8eu8i In i anc . e °ktum, explicatum ovato-oblongum, 3-4 mm. longum,

glabruu] 11 amtam rectam gracilem 6-7 mm. longam abiens, pallidum,

Car ina sc \ Uerve nerv i 8 prominulis viridi-marginatis, ciliolatum, in

2'Carixj u t a >en ^ am - Falca navicularis, oblique lanceolata, rostrata,

RUadratae Ca ^ m ^ 8 .approximate, 2-5 mm. longa. Lodiculae 2, sub-

^©ari-oblo t T tam ^ na ^ » fdamenta capillaria, 2 mm. longa ; antherae

n g } *-e, 0-4 mm. longae, vel breviter oblongae, minores.

Ovarium lageniforme ; styli ad 0*5 mm. longi, stigmata aequantia.

Lemma sterile 1 mm. longuin, arista ut in fertili, sine palea. Caryopsis

ignota.

Madagascar. Sakoa-be, on dry alluvial hills, Perrier de la Bat hie ,

889 ; near Majunga on the north-west coast, on limestone cliffs, Perrier

de la Bathie , 11044, 13018; near Amposimentera, on triassic sand¬

stone, Perrier de la Bathie , 11246.

The affinity of this remarkable little grass is evidently with Finger -

liuthia , a genus belonging to a group of Festuceae rich in peculiarly

modified and specialised types. The structure of the spikelets is,

apart from the very definite limitation of the nerves of the fertile

lemma to three, similar to that of Fingerhuthia , with which the grass

also shares the spicate inflorescence and the shedding of the spikelets

as wholes, no disarticulation occurring within them. It possesses,

however, this striking peculiarity, that each of the spikelets, whether

perfect or not, is supported by a small persistent bract. Moreover

this bract is also present whenever the spikelet has become entirely

suppressed and its presence is merely suggested by a groove, conforming

to the excavation of the rhachis which accompanies the insertion of

the spikelets which have actually developed. In our original descrip¬

tion these bracts were disguised in the term “ (spiculis) lateralibufl

reductis,” the assumption being that the spikelets occurred in triplets,

the central one being perfect and deciduous and the lateral reduced

to solitary persistent glumes. Some such arrangement is suggested

where two bracts owing to the extreme reduction of the intervening

internode become practically collateral and only one spikelet is present?

the other being either suppressed or having been shed. In such

case the spikelet may appear to rise from between the two bracts,

forming with them a “ triplet.” Renewed and more careful examine'

tion, however, indicates that in this we were mistaken. The spikelets

are arranged in an irregular alternately expanded and contract^

spiral. They are sessile on a rhachis which is grooved from the

insertion of each spikelet upwards, the collateral grooves being sepft

rated by narrow ridges which give the rhachis its angular appearance*

It is just below the theoretical insertion-point of the spikelets th#

those supposed “lateral reduced spikelets’’ occur, their inserting

stretching right across the corresponding groove and between tn^

accompanying ridges. Bracts, grooves and ridges are present in J llt

the same relative position, whether the spikelets are perfect, more o

less reduced or quite suppressed, but with this difference, that ^ j

grooves, and with them at least one of the corresponding ridges, becoDI

less marked and even faint whenever the co-ordinated spikelets a

reduced, and still more so when they are suppressed and at the

time situated in a contracted section of the rhachis. They are in c ve ^j

respect placed as one would expect bracts to be placed. They

small, membranous, nerveless, more or less involute along their marg g

when dry, but when wetted they assume the shape shown in fi£*

of the accompanying plate. Bracts are known to occur occasionally

in the inflorescences of grasses and particularly in the Festuceae. Godron

(in Mem. Soc. Nat. Sci. Nat. ex Math. Cherbourg, vol. xxii. pp. 247,

248 ; 1880) has given a list of genera (almost all Festuceae) in which

bracts are known to occur, but their occurrence was considered by him,

no doubt rightly, as anomalous. In Viguierella we have thus the very

exceptional case of a grass with a normally bracteate inflorescence.

A priori one would be inclined to see in this a “ primitive ” feature,

but it is difficult to reconcile such u primitiveness ” with the otherwise

highly specialised structure of the inflorescence and the spikelets. We

therefore prefer to treat Viguierella as an isolated type of Festuceae

approaching most nearly to Fingerhuthia , a genus with a wide but

remarkably disconnected area, the main area covering all South

Africa, whilst a very small subarea occurs on the Pun jab-Afghanistan

frontier.

Fia. 1, whole plant, natural size ; 2, top of an inflorescence, X 4; 3, middle part

of another inflorescence, X 4 ; 4, a pair of closely approximate spikelets, X 6 ;

6. a bract, expanded, X 20 ; 6, a perfect spikelet, X 6; 7 and 8, lower glumes,

expanded, X fl ; 7a and 8a, upper glumes expanded, X 6 ; 9, a spikelet without

Its glumes, opened out, X 6 ; 10, a spikelet in its usual closed condition, without

it* glumes, X 0 ; 11, lemma of the fertile floret with the awn cut off. flattened out,

* 0 ; 12, palca, X 6 ; 13, stamens and pistil of a cleistogamous (?) flower, X12 ;

i4, flower with the halved palea behind it and one of the lodicules detached to the

ri ght, x 12.

O.S.anal ,G A dcL.lt lith

Tabula 3123 .

LECOMTELLA MADAGASCARIENSIS, A. Camus.

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

madagascariensis, A. Camus in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, vol. lxxiii.

P- 405 (1926) ; species umca adhuc nota.

Stamen perenne, 1-2 mm. altum, multiramosum, undique glabrum.

fistulosi, teretes, internodiis superioribus vaginis inclusis.

chorum vaginae teretes, laeves, superiores 5-3 cm. longae ; ligulae

1 0 riiuam dense ciliatam redactae; laminae lineari-lanceolatae,

^pssiine acutae, 12-22 cm. longae, 1-1*8 mm. latae, chartaceae,

c ^argines cartilagineas scaberulae, nervis primariis utrinque 6 uti

int * g ra cilibus, nervis secundariis 6-9-nis arete approximatis

venis transversis nullis. Panicula contracta, angusta,

ar • ) Cln - l° n g a , ramulis saepius paucifloris ; pedicelli tenues, filiformes,

°bK G V * x crass i° re8 > truncati, 3-5 mm. longi. Spiculae lanceolato-

f 0rr ° n ^ ae » pallide virides, 2-florae, 9-10 mm. longae, omnes eadem

H 0n a ’ 8©d sexu diversae, nempe inferiores unisexuales summae

Blunto ae ^exuales, cum flore superiore $. Spiculae unisexuales:

a CUT ^ e tenu itcr herbaceo-papyraceae, a latere anguste lanceolatae,

1 0 * na * ae > inferior 3-nervis, 5 mm. longa, superior 7-nervis, 7 mm.

anu u ' a- ' ernm a inferius utriusque anthoecii glumarum indole nisi

8Uba e 1US ^ enu ' llS( l ue » * r )-nerve, spiculam aequans, vel superius earn

2-cari? U r ,ns » ptrifa lineari-lanceolata, hyalina, lemma subaequans,

late c , la a * oar ^ n ^ s angustissime alatis virescentibus. Lodiculae 2,

6 xurn n j a ^ ae * Stamina 3; filamenta 5 mm. longa; antherae 4*5-

V^iore. ° n ^ ae ‘ • spiculae bisexuales: glumae ut in spiculis (J, sed

H Piculi 8 eS ^ 8U P er i° r s P* cu l a paulo brevior; anthoecium inf erius ut in

(stipit e \ \ \ . ant h° ec ium superius $, breviter stipitatum, articulo

^ Uni mi nut 8 P lcl ^ ae # insertionem utrinque obtuse auriculato, in mucronu-

°btu 8Urn u , m c °ntinuato ; lemma ambitu oblongum. dorso convexum,

J *Um. l a ’tu ar ^ a< ? eum ve l demum crustaceum, 4-5 mm. longum, fere

tjale q cons* 1 .! 1 a b >lce cor °nula tuberculorum nota turn, obscure 5-nerve;

f er vi H , a l V‘ n ^ la longitudine lemmatis nisi ad margines tenirior,

f°*cufec 2 0 ^^culis 2-nis, lemmate more Panici arete implexa.

as i bberi t . mina nulla. Ovarium lineari-oblongum; styli a

cnuiter capillares, ad 5 mm. longi; stigmata ex apice

anthoecii exserta, laxe plumosa, 3-3*5 mm. longa. Caryopsis (ira-

matura ?) arete in anthoecio inclusa, plano-convexa, ambitu oblonga,

hilo basilari punctiformi, embryonis macula obscura.

Madagascar. Andringitra Massif, 1200-2400 m., Perrier de Id

Bathie , 74 (H. Kew); 10816,13589 (Hb. Paris).

Mile. Aimee Camus, who justly calls this grass “ extremement

curieux,” places it in Paniceae with affinities with Olyra and lehnanthus .

There seems to be no doubt as to its position in Paniceae , the structure

of the spikelets being decidedly panicoid. It differs, however, funda¬

mentally from lehnanthus in the sexual differentiation of the spikelet 9

into such as are purely male and others which possess a male lower

floret and a female upper floret. No approach to it is known in any

of the species of lehnanthus , whose spikelets are uniformly bisexual

the upper floret being always hermaphrodite. The affinity was pro¬

bably suggested by the presence of auricles at the base of the fertile

spikelet; but these auricles are in Lecomtiella borne on the rhachill*

and remain attached to it if the spikelet becomes detached, whereat

in lehnanthus the auricles are part of the lower glume. As to Ohp ih

1 would remark that this genus can hardly be included in the Paniceo e »

although the fertile floret is very similar to the fertile florets of a typic ft

Panicum. The spikelets are definitely one-flowered, having no tra c

of a second lower floret of either sex. They agree with those of Phar u

and Olyra has, for this and also for other obvious reasons, been pla c ®

in a special tribe, Phareae. I have failed to recognise an immedia ^

affinity with any of the paniceous genera and would suggest tb*

Lecomtiella should for the present be included in Paniceae as a " 9 e *!*

incertae sedis” as is the case with Spinifex . It may be the cnd-li ^

of a phylum whose earlier stages have been lost, but as to that wc

offer at present nothing more definite than speculation.—0. StaF**

Fiq. 1, a flowering branch, natural size ; 2, a portion of a leaf, X 2 ; 3, a p 01 ^

of an inflorescence showing two male and one bisexual spikelet, X 3; 4, 1 ^

spikelet, X 6; 5, a bisexual spikelet, X 6; 6, a palea of a male floret with stft *♦

still enclosed, X 6 ; 7 and 8 female floret, front and side view, X 7 ; 9, ‘ *

of a female flow-er with continuation of rhachis and auricles, X 7; 10, tip °

of a female floret, X 14; 11, pistil and lodicules, X 7; 12, lodicules, X 20;

14, immature caryopsis in side and back view, X 7.

Tabula 3124 .

LASIORRHACHIS HILDEBRANDTII, Stapf.

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

Lasiorrhachis, Stapf ; genus novum cum Sorgho , Pers., et Miscantkidio,

Stapf, comparandum; ab illo differt spiculis saepissime homozygis

glumis totis tenuiter chartaceis, lemmate fertili lato; ab hoc spiculis

Secundariis plane sessilibus, primariis saepe reductis et tunc q vel

Ueutris, glumarum nervatione, lemmate fertili lato brevissime aristulato:

potius inter Sorghastra ponendum ob spicularum indolem, cpiamvis

^Uoad rhizoma, caulcs, folia cum Miscanthidiw quibusdam bene

Quadrat.— Andropogon , sect. Lasiorrhachis , Hack, in Flora, vol. xxviii.

P- 142 (1885) (subgen. Lasiorrhachis , Hack, in A.DO., Mon. Phan.

v ol. vi. p. 472 ; 1889).

Species 1, madagascariensis.

L. Hildebrandtii, Stapf (nov. comb.) ; species unica.

yramen perenne, ad (vel ultra ?) 1 m. altum, compacte caespitosum,

hizoniate- brevi, internodiis brevissimis, innovationibus extrava-

8'Uantibus. Culmi erecti, simplices, 2-3-nodi, inferne compressi, glabri

ei ad nodos et paniculam versus molliter pilosi. Nodi magis minusve

uuiter sericei. Foliorum vaginae basalium valde compressae, obtuse

ttuatae, circiter ad 15 cm. longao, durae, inferne appresse pilosae

. glaberrimae laevesque, magis minusve glaucescentes, caulinorum

l o ,QUs compressae vel subteretes, vix carinatae, summa ultra 30 cm.

*> ligulae rotundato-truncatae, ad 3 mm. longae, scariosae, in

lj r ‘ So pilosae, pilis in barbam ad 5 mm. longum coilectis; laminae

ca ^ on 8 e acutae, acutissimae, foliorum basalium in petiolum

Rliculatum angustum ad 10 cm. longum sensim attenuatae, eo

ba!si^° 8ae l )e ll ^ ra 40 cm. longae, 8-15 mm. latae, foliorum superiorum

j. Vlx angustiores, multo breviores, omnes planae, pallide virides,

C08t .^ glabrae vel basin versus molliter pilosae, ad margines scaberulae,

Pa> U H ! bida * n facie latiuscula nervis primariis utrinque 4-6 tenuibus.

s Um Cl( ^ a demum longissime exserta, pedunculo vel caul is internodio

sa epe ultra 50 cm. longo, ambitu oblonga vel ovato-oblonga,

pilo Sa Ua » r hachis uti omnes axes inflorescentiae molliter sericeo-

10 Cm ’ rail )i ft d nodos 2-ni vel inferiores solitarii, flexuosi, infimi ad

• longi et ad 2 cm. indivisi, racemos 4-1 gerentes. Racemi

longiores breviter pedunculati, 3-1 cm. longi, 5-6-articulati, infra

spiculas fertiles ut videtur tarde disiuncti, articulis filiformibus 4-5 mm.

longis apice paulo incrassatis et recte truncatis. Spicnlae sessiles

semper cum flore unico oblongae, 5-5 mm. longae, pallidae, callo

brevi sericeo. Glumae aequales, chartaceae, sericeo-pilosae; inferior

dorso plana, apicem subtruncatum versus anguste implicata atque

2-carinata, carinis ciliolato-scabris, tenuiter 7-nervis ; superior similis,

sed magis acuta et supra medium subcarinata, nervis tenuissimis 7.

Anthoecium inferius ad lemma glumas aequans lanceolato-oblongum

subhyalinum tenuiter 2-nerve ciliatum reductum. Anthoecium superius

^ : lemma explicatum ellipticum, latum, subbilobum, 2 mm. longum,

tenuissimum, ciliolatum, 3-nerve, brevissime aristulatum, aristula

setiformi quam lemma plerumque breviore; palea ovata, ciliolata,

vix 1 mm. longa, enervis. Lodiculae 2-cornutae, ad cornu mains

barbatulae. Antherae 2 mm. longae. Ovarium anguste oblongum,

glaberrimum ; stigmata stylum aequantia, 1 mm. longa, e spicula late

hiante lateraliter exserta. Spiculae pedicellatae sessilibus consimiles

et tunc $ vel magis minusve reductae et <$ vel neutrae, interdum

subnullae ; pedicelli articulis simillimi, sed longiores .—Andropogon

Hildebrandtii , Hack. 11.cc.

Central Madagascar. Near Andrangoloaka, sunny bills on the

edge of virgin-forest, Hildebrandt , 3755 (Nov. 1880) ; Baron , 1991 >

2017,3871. Without exact locality. -

When describing this grass in Flora as Andropogon Hildebrandtii

Hackel said of it, “Nulli alii affinis, potius typus sectionis propria®

(Lasiorrhachis) habendus/’ A few years later, in his monograph of

the Andropogoneae he recognised its peculiar position in Andropogon

by founding on it a new subgenus inter Arthrolophin et Amphilcph 111

medium, pistilli indole ab utroque diversum,” the character of th®

pistil alluded to consisting in the presence of hairs at the top of th®

ovarium (“ ovarium pilis coronatum "). In this he was mistaken?

the ovary being in fact perfectly glabrous. It happens, however?

occasionally that some of the stiff hairs of the lodicules become attach®

to the ovary at an early state and are subsequently carried up wi

it as it lengthens out. This was no doubt the case with the young

flowers he examined. It may also explain his description of *

lodicules as glabrous. They had apparently given up their hairs

the ovary when this was still young and had still styli obsolete

Why he placed Lasiorrhachis between his sections Arthrolophin

Amphilophis is more difficult to understand, as the application of

key-characters of the subgenera of A ndropogon leads direct to Sorgn ,

It might indeed be included in this group but for the imperfect

differentiation of the spikelets, which points to the more prinii 1 ^

that is less specialised, Saccharastrae. In some panicles, as the o

used for the preparation of the present plate, the homogamy °f -

spikelets—they have all a bisexual flower—is complete; in others,^

in Hildebrandt's specimens, the pedicelled (primary) spikelets are ei

ttiale or neuter, showing all stages of reduction down to a subulate

rudiment barely 1 mm. long and consisting usually only of a much

reduced lower glume and a minute scale representing the upper glume,

whilst Baron 1991 and 3871 have nearly all the pedicelled spikelets

male. The reduction of the pedicelled spikelets from the perfect male

state to rudiments of glumes or even to complete suppression is common

enough in the Sorghastrae , but no case of variation equal to that observed

m Lasiorrhachis is known so far in this group. It seems nevertheless

appropriate to place Lasiorrhachis here rather than in Saccharastrae y

the structure of the panicle and of the spikelets has more in common

^ith certain types of Sorghum than with any other genus ; but the

disposition of the branches of the panicle, the thin texture of the glumes,

he broad fertile lemma with its minute bristle-like awn to which the

Jr oad lobes are almost completely adnate, are distinctive characters

^hich, in addition to the sexual condition referred to above, appear to

justify the procedure followed here, according to which Lasiorrhachis

8 Seated as a distinct genus, closely allied to Sorghum. The mode

g 8f°wth and the foliage are on the whole as in the South African

^pecies of Miscanthidium. This genus, however, differs widely from

^iorrhachis in having both spikelets of a pair pedicelled, in its dilTer-

It^y nerved glumes and its narrow distinctly awned fertile lemma.

8 spikelets are moreover always perfectly homogamous.—0. Staff.

a p_ .?• j a, yl 2, part of a tuft with a flowering culm, natural size ; 3, a joint and

5,)^ lce with spikelet, X 6; 4, a spikclet in side view not quite opened, X 0;

f}, u er ghime, back view, X 6 ; 6a, the tip of the same, seen from within, X 12 ;

hatton^^rback view, X 6 ; 7, lower lemma, X 6 ; 8, upper (fertile) lemma,

0< * ou t» X fl ; 9, palea and lodiculcs, X 6 ; 10, pistil, X 6.

3125

OS-anal CA del-el lith

Tabula 3125 .

LEPTOSACCHARUM FILIFORME, A. Camus.

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

Leptosaccharum, A . Camus in Bull. Soc. Bot . France , vol. lxx.

P- 737 (1923) (descr. emend.) ; Leptocoryphio , Nees, proximum, sed

panicula macra spiciformi rigida, lemmate fertili et eitis palea etiam

Riaturitatc tenuissime hyalinis, glumae nnicae et lemmati sterili

a dpressis et cum iis caryopsin laxe includentibus.

ftpiculae e callo barbato obscuro oblongo-lanceolatae, leviter a dorso

c °fnpressae, in paniculam angustam spiciformem macram dispositae,

^aturae totae deciduae. Anihoccia duo, inferius ad lemma redactum,

8u perius Gluma ob iuferioris abortum unica, tenuiter mcmbra-

• !? ea > inter nervos fere hyalina, aericeo-pilosa. Lemma anthoecii

Jenoris glumae simile, 5-nerve, brevius pilosum. Lemma anthoecii

*perioris oblongum, tenuissime membranaceum, hyalinum maturitate

si ?r ni0( ^° induratum, enerve, sursum pilosiusculum cum palea

q 111 . lma aequilonga. Lodiculae 2, late cuneatae, glabrae. Stamina 3.

8uh7r 1m °^^ on 8 um i styli quam stigmata breviores. Caryopsis

8 pj e jP 80 ^^, Hilo punctiformi, embryonis macula maiuscula, in

£ ( ) 1 * CU u ^ ax e inclusa.— Gramina perennia, compacte caespitosa

^ ^ am inis angustissimis duris; panicula aureo- vel fulvo-sericea,

1 tenaco gracili compreasa, ram is brevibus 3 - 1 -spiculatis.

ftliforme, A. Camus l.c. (descr. emend.); species unica.

caes|^f ien }lu ^ es * 40-70 cm. altum, e rhizomate brevi compacte

Oulmi filiformes, glabri, 2-3-nodi, internodiis elongatis,

^ a salin \ ^ Cm * ^ ongo - Nodi sericeo-barbati. Foliorum vaginae

l°Hg ae m , an gustae, laevissimae, arete nervoao-striatae, ad 30 cm.

ad 1 * 5 * i Urae ’ 8Umma v * x laxior, 8-10 cm. longa ; ligulae ovatae,

a v agi n .f 1111 ’ l? n ? ae> e c l«rao pilia atipatae ; laminae e baai aequilata

a d 30 cm Vl l X ( lst * ncta angustiasime linearea, acutae, culmeae inferiores

ifiio api Ce °!! gae> nim - latac* planae, exaiccando facile involutae,

2 ’3-1 .5 c 08u ^ ae , caeterum in dorao glabrae laevesque, summa

?0-30 Cm oa 8 a > innovationuin filiformes vel setaceo-convolutae,

ltl facie ’ n . gae > omnes Reiter 6 -nerves, nervis primariis craasiusculis

aUr eo- V( q -; 1080 -Puberulis albidia. Injlorescentia 4-7 cm. longa,

U °~ 8er icea ; rhachis ad nodos sericeo-pilosa, 6-7-nodis,

e nodis inferne et medio 1 cm. distantibus ramulos ad 1 cm. longos

subadpressos spiculas 3-2 (vel imprimis superne 1) gerentes edens;

pedicelli laterales brevissimi, terminales 3-4 mm. longi, omnes sericeo-

pilosi, apice incrassati et barbati. Spiculae oblongo-lanceolatae,

subacutae, 5-6 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae, aureo- vel rufo-sericeae, calli

pilis ad 3 mm. longis. Gluma in dorso undique pilosa, explicata ovato-

lanceolata, 7-8-nervis. Lemma iuferius glumae simile, sursum leviter

involutum, spiculae longitudine. Lemma superius explication

oblongum, 4 mm. longum, supra medium pilosulum cum palea simili

lineari-oblonga ad latera inflexa. Antherae lineares, 3 mm. longae.

Ovarium ovato- vel oblongo-ellipsoideum ; stigmata ad 2 mm. longa.

Caryopsis 2 mm. longa, subplano-convexa. Saccharum filiforrne,

Hack, in A.DC. Mon. Phan. vol. vi. p. 127 (1889).

South America. Brazil: Goyaz, between the rivers Rio Torto and

Parana, Glaziou , 32. Paraguay: Caaguazu, in marshy prairies,

Balaam, 231.

Hackel, in his monograph of the Andropogoueae , p. 127 (1889),

described from specimens, collected by Balansa (no. 231) in Paraguay?

an atypical Saccharum, S. filiforrne, for which he said he would have

proposed a new genus had he not suspected that the specimens

at his disposal were depauperate and that their lack of one of the

universal characters of Saccharum was due to their impoverished con'

dition and therefore taxonomically of doubtful account. In the cU'

cumstances he confined himself to the creation of a subgenus ( Lepl °'

saccharum ) for the reception of the species in question. The character

he had in mind was that in typical Saccharum the spikelets occurred

in pairs at each node, whilst in the subgenus Leptosaccharurn th e

spikelets were solitary. More recently Mile. Aimee Camus made tb®

grass the subject of a short article in the Bulletin of the Society

Botanique de France (vol. lxii. p. 737 ; 1923). Having ample materia

at her disposal she was able to establish the fact that Hackel s suspi® 10 *

was unfounded. She drew therefore the only conclusion that appear®

reasonable—namely, that of according the subgenus Leplosacchn

generic rank, adding as further but minor characters certain featur

which determine the habit of the panicles. Having had lately occas* 0

to examine part of Balansa's collecting referred to above, 1 have c °

vinced myself that the grass in question does not belong to the Andf°P

goneae , but to the Paniceae, and that it approaches indeed so cl (>>( ^

to Leptocoryphium that if we accepted the wider generic concepts

the Genera Plantarum we should have to merge it in Leptocorypht

and finally with this in Anthenantia. 1 The mistake arose f r( ? in i e t,

erroneous conception of the homology of the foliar parts of the spik f ^

according to which the upper glume of the grass became gluma

use Hackel s terminology, the lemma of the lower barren floret glunu

. fr‘ ),n

1 Beauvais, the author of Anthenantia , gives the derivation of the nani ^ ^

av0€oo and tv&vTAv. It is true he spells it Anthaenanthia in the text, hut \^ et c

index he corrects it to Anthenantia , and this is no doubt the proper spelling-

is no justification for the introduction of an “ a ” into the second syllable.

the lemma of the upper fertile floret gluma III and its palea gluma IV.

There was then still, if Hackel’s interpretation were right, the palea

to glume IV to be looked for. He actually records its existence and

describes it as “ minutula.” I have not been able to find an organ to

correspond to it and must assume that he was misled by a small piece

of the lemma or the palea of the fertile floret having become detached,

mimicking a very much reduced palea. I myself in dissecting the first

spikelet had the same experience. Now the palea of the upper floret

of an andropogoneous grass is sometimes entirely suppressed. Its

absence is therefore not decisive. In all such cases it is the orientation

of the lodicules and that of the ovary which, as fixed features, help

us in the construction of the diagram of the spikelet and the interpre¬

tation of its parts. The lodicules, where there are two, are always

placed to the right and the left of the ovary, so that they converge

dorsally to the ovary (that is towards the middle of its back), whilst

the ovary faces the palea ventrally, that is with its carpellary suture.

Here is where the hilum is formed, the embryo and consequently

the embryo-mark being dorsal. Applied to our grass, this allows only

°f one interpretation—namely, that, from the position of the lodicules

as well as that of the hilum and of the embryo-mark being what they

are , Hackel’g gluma IV is in fact the palea of the fertile upper floret,

whence gluma III becomes its lemma, gluma II the lemma of the lower

uoret, and gluma I the upper member of the glumal involucre, the lower

Uiernber being absent. This, however, is the structure of the

Anthenantia group. Bentham in Genera Plantarum, and Hackel,

°llowing him in the Natiirliche Pflanzenfamilien, extended the original

concept.of Anthenantia (Beauvais, Agnost. 48, t. x. f. 7; 1912) so as

o take in also Nees’s Leptocoryphium (Agrost. Bras. 83 ; 1829). Mrs.

lJ ise has since reseparated the two genera, and, as it seems to me, for

b oa reasons. According to her concept of them Anthenantia has

Wh i y. c l0 .ed indurated “ fruits ” much after the fashion of Panicum ,

in't ^ m ^ e 'Pt ocor yphium t'hc fertile floret remains thinly membranous

pi* 8 u PP er part and gapes at maturity. This accounts for the relative

am/tb^r 8 an< ^ heaviness of the mature spikelets of Anthenantia

fluite p •htness of those of Leptocoryphium , characters which impart

femrn/ Is * lnc ^ ve features to the ripe panicles. In Leptosaccharwm the

Hurii\r anf * ^he palea of the fertile floret undergo no change whatever

app i v ? mat ' 11 ration, remaining very delicate nerveless hyaline structures

close u n ^j emselves to the lower lemma and the upper glume, which

function ? n( f hy becoming more rigid take over the protective

Palea * n P (l nweae fall generally to the fertile lemma and its

c haracter tl U8 ma ^ ^. e ft dded as a minor but convenient diagnostic

false 8t)ik > ie con fraction of the panicle into a narrow rather scanty

Geogranh’* 1 ii 80 ^ 8 ^hy hairiness of the spikelets.

(2 species)* U( . • *k eso £ enera are so distributed that Anthenantia

^Vtocorunjr con<me d to the southern states of North America, whilst

a nd subtroni!I 7/ i \ 8 P. ec * es ) ranges widely over the whole of tropical

1 a America from Mexico and the West Indies to Uruguay

and Northern Argentina. Leptosaccharum , on the other hand, is

recorded so far only from one locality in Paraguay, Caaguazu, about

halfway between Assuncion and the river Parana, and another in

Brazil in the Serra do Parana, about 47° W. 15° 30' S. Both lie

within the wide area of Leptocoryphium. —0. Staff.

Fig. 1, part of a plant, natural size ; 2, part of leaf, unrolled, in face view X 10 ;

3, part of panicle with indumentum omitted and spikelets removed, X 3;

4, spikelet in side view ; 5, upper glume and fertile lemma inside it with lodicules

in front; 6, upper glume, flattened out, seen from within ; 7, sterile lemma,

flattened out, seen from within ; 8, fertile lemma, seen from back ; 9, palea ;

10, anther ; 11, pistil; 12, caryopsis ; 13, diagram of spikelet (II = upper glume,

III = lower (sterile) lemma, IV = fertile lemma, p = palea, 1 = lodicules,

c = caryopsis, e = embryo). Figs. 4-12 X 6.

Tabula 3126.

WIDDRINGTONIA STIPITATA, Stapf.

PlNACEAE. Tribus CUPRESSEAE.

W. stipitata, Stapf ; species nova, affinis W. Whytei , Rendle, sed

monoica (semper?), ramulis gracilioribus inter foliorum paria con-

strictis, foliis pro rata longioribus, conis maturis laxe et saepissime

racemose aggregatis bene stipitatis ovoideis, sursum attenuatis, semi-

nibus numerosis distincta.

Arbor. Folia juvenilia ignota ; adulta squamiformia, macrocladiorum

fere sua longitudine dissita, subadpressa, lanceolata, acuta vel

acuminata, parte libera circiter 2 mm. longa, brachycladiorurn arete

adpressa, quadrifaria, dorso bene rotundata ut ramulos teretes ( 0 * 6 -

1 mm. diametro) reddant, e basi cuneata ad medium adnata, oblonga,

acuta vel obtusiuscula, tota 2 mm. longa, subglauca, apice sub-

flavescentia, ductibus resiniferis. Strobili J cum fructibus maturis

coetanei, breviter cylindracei, ad 4 mm. longi, sessiles; squamae

eirciter 12 , decussatae, late rhomboideae, acutae, inferiores 1 mm.

longae lataeque, infra medium in dorso transverse depressae ; antherae

inter squamas protrusae, loculis 4. Strobili 9 florentes ignoti. Coni

maturi 3-5 laxe racemose aggregati, rhachi spuria 2-3 cm. longa, vel

laxe glomerati, stipitati, stipite robusto ad 6 mm. longo, castanei,

basin versus ut stipes glauco-pruinosi, ovoidei, apice obtusi et breviter

‘eornuti, 2 cm. longi, infra medium 1 *5 cm. lati; valvae plane apertae,

a picibus 2 cm. distantibus, duae ovato-oblongae ad 11 mm. latae, duae

ineari-oblongae ad 8 mm. latae, omnes obtusae, rarius subacutae,

'b mm. infra apicem breviter mucronato-cornutae. Semina 7-10

^ Uln quaque valva, ovato-oblonga vel oblonga, tenuiter rostrata,

e °jtro excluso ad 5-5 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata, nigro-brunneo, ala

^ Jasi angustissima secundum rostrum ad 3 mm. producta et ibi ad

m m. lata, biloba, lobis incurvis obtusis, flavo-brunnea.

Ihansvaal. Zoutpansberg, North Transvaal, Forest Dept. Herb. }

n *on S. Afr ., 7048, 7313.

grow * 3 ^ esent pl a l e was prepared from specimens taken from a tree

fron mg v 111 ^ r * Hansen’s garden at Piet Retief and originally obtained

le .^ out P a nsfierg. W. stipitata resembles the more northern

nytei rather than the southern species of South Africa. It

<?.

' 0 - 40 ,

can be easily distinguished by its distinctly stipitate, more loosely

clustered cones, and it is remarkable on account of its being apparently

monoecious, its congeners having been found so far to be dioecious.

Since the present plate was prepared, further specimens of the Piet

Retief plant have been communicated by Mr. J. J. Kotze. These

bear perfectly mature female cones and minute rudimentary male

cones, but otherwise they agree perfectly with the original specimens.

As stated above, the Piet Retief tree was originally “ obtained from

the Zoutpansberg,” no exact locality being stated. According to a

letter from Mr. Kotze (F.2149, R.2453), it was taken from the farm

“ Hillside ” near Louis Tricharat, but specimens collected there (F.D.

Herbarium No. 7297) represent typical W. Whytei , as also do specimens

taken farther west, in the Forest Reserve Hanglip, in the same range

of mountains (Zoutpansbcrg ; F.D. Herbarium No. 7298). Referring

to these, Mr. Kotze says they appear to him alike and that he is

informed that “ in general appearance the trees in the field also seem

to be the same.” He further adds that “ they do not possess the

markedly stipitate cones of the Piet Retief tree,” which he “ cannot

connect with either the Hillside or Hanglip specimens.” The appear¬

ance of W. Whytei in the Zoutpansbcrg is not surprising considering

that its nearest station is in the Melsetter district in South-eastern

Rhodesia. It appears, therefore, that there are two species of

Widdringtonia in the Zoutpansberg, one new to science, W. stipitata,

and the other W. Whytei , so far only known from the Mlangi Moun¬

tains, the Melsetter district and Gorongosa Mountains, Portuguese

East Africa.—0. Stapf.

Fig. 1, a branch with unopened fruits of last year's growth and with male catkins

of this year’s growth, natural size ; 2, a cluster of dehisced fruits, natural size ;

3, seeds in front, hack and side view, .X 2; 4, portion of a branchlet with male

strobili, X 3 ; 5, male strohilus, X 6 ; 6, a scale of a male strohilus with pollen

sacs in back view, X 12; 7, the same in front view, X 12; 8, back, front and

side view of a leaf, the middle figure (b) showing the extent to which the leaf is

adnate to the axis, X 6. f

Tabula 3127 .

PRIMULA DUCLOUXII, Petitmengin,

Primulaceae. Tribus Primuleae.

P. Duclouxii, Petitmengin in Monde d. PL 1908, p. 7 ; Handel-Mazzetti,

Naturbild. a. Sudwest-China, p. 11 (1927); inter species gregis Mala-

eoxdearum pedicellis demum 1-3 cm. longis refractis insignis, calyce

sub fructu 6-7 mm. longo, dentibus lineari-lanceolatis, corollae tubo

b-8 mm. longo, foliorum laminis lobulatis acute dentatis 1*5-4 *5 cm.

l°ngis, 1-2*5 cm. latis, petiolo 1-4 cm. longo.

Herba perennans, radice tenui, stolonifera, rosulans, e rosula scapos

P ures umbelliferos vel saepius verticilliferos emittans, omnibus partis

juagig minusve farinosa. Folia saepissime longiuscule petiolata;

ai uina ovata vel obovato-oblonga, basi rotundata, rarius subcordata,

a pJce obtusa, sublobulata, lobulis inaequaliter acute dentatis, 1*5-

5 cm. longa, 1-2*5 cm. lata, utrinque parce tenuissime glanduloso-

P) °sa, in dorso saepe dense albo-farinosa ; petiolus 1-4 cm. longus,

Pj osus. Scapi 1-5 cm. longi. Umbellae vel verticilli pedicellis 3-6

l^nubus minute pilosulis, sub anthesi suberectis, deinde patulis

la* ^ eiTlum refractis et ad 3 cm. longis, bracteis subulatis vel basi

^ceolato-dilatatis, ad 6 mm. longis. Calyx 4-6 mm. longus, fere

Cor^/ Um ^ ssus ’ dentibus lineari-lanceolatis, demum modice elongatis.

l 0 ^j° ae ^bus 6-8 mm. longus ; limbus roseus, 12-17 mm. diametro.

Ova* ^ ro ^ un< ^ e obcordatis. Stamina ad vel paulo infra medium inserta.

i n 8^°bosum; stylus in statu brevistylo ovario paulo longior,

eiUar^r l° n S* st yl° antheras valde superante. Capsula e calycis

CrUst C1( 1 brevissime exserta, 2-2*25 mm. diametro, tenuiter

M az a ^. a *. Semina globosa, obscure verruculosa. — P. refracta , Handel-

192 a ^r 1 ln ^-kad. Anzeig. Akad. Wiss. Wien, 1920, No. 15, p. 1 ;

17, p. 3.

Mentis A u ^ unnan > in fissuris humidis rupium calcearum umbrosarum

Yunnar r 81 " 8 ^ an a d litus occidentale lacus Kun-yang-hay prope

^i'lan 1 v U> m *> Ducloux , C. K. Schneider , Handel-Mazzetti, 351;

g ^a pTODe \ lUlUJin-fn P 1019

roi ^arkaH mem ^ )er °* the “ Malacoides Serie8 ,, of Primula,

*U°8t 0 f •/' on acc °nnt of its peculiar habit in the fruiting stage when

1 8 pedicels become refracted and often closely appressed to

the stem, the capsules opening earthwards. This naturally restricts

the area for dispersal, but at the same time enhances the chances of the

seeds falling into the moist rock-fissures, where the mother plant had

already found a suitable home.—0. Stapf.

Fig. 1, a whole plant in flower; 2, an inflorescence in a very advanced state;

3, a leaf in back view ; 4, a portion of the margin of the same in back view showing

marginal hairs and farina ; 5, a pin-eyed flower in longitudinal section ; 6, the

same without the corolla; 7, a thrum-eyed flower in longitudinal section ; 8, the

same without the corolla ; 9, capsule of a thrum-eyed flower ; 10, seed. Figs. 1,

2, 3, natural size ; figs. 4, 10, considerably enlarged ; figs. 5, 6, 7, 8, X 2J ; fig. 9, X 9.

Tabula 3128 .

MEGASKEPASMA ERYTHROCHLAMYS, Lindau.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Isoglosseae.

M. erythrochlamys, Lindau in Bull. Herb. Boiss. vol. v. p. 666 (1897);

species unica.

Frutex ultra 3 m. altus, plurimis partibus pube tenui adpressa

lulvida demum magis minusve evanescente indutis; rami teretes vel

obscure tetragoni, crassiusculi, ad angulos lineis decurrentibus glandu-

ugeris notati, ad nodos admodum constricti. Folia petiolata ; lamina

0 dongo-elliptica, apice basique acuta vel breviter acuminata, 15-30 cm.

°nga, 6-16 cm. lata, utrinque circiter 11 -nervia, venis transversis

omiibus laxe reticulata, pube in gemma densissima, in dorso ad nervos

Porsistente, caeterum mox evanida ; petiolus 2-4 cm. longus. Spicae

111 paniculam terminalem 20-30 cm. longam collectae, lateralium

8 Picarum paribus plerumque binis rarius ternis quam spica terminalis

? u lto brevioribus, omnes pedunculo 3-4 cm. longo suffultae, eximie

acteatae ; bracteae ovatae vel ovato-lanceolatae, utrinque acutae

Lp! su bacutae, trinerves, maiores 2*5-4 cm. longae, laete roseae ;

q acte °lae lanceolatae, basi longe attenuatae, quam bracteae breviores.

lat'^ a ^ a ^ ssus > segmentis 5 aequalibus lineari- vel subulato-lanceo-

1 i ^ 12-14 mm. longus, persistenter dense pubescens. Corolla bi-

tu -ta, b -8 cm. longa, alba vel levissime roseo-sufiusa, extra puberula;

j n t Us tenu is> 2 *5-3 *5 cm. longus ; labium superum lanceolato-lineare,

4 ^egrum, subacutam vel obtusiusculum vel minute 2 -dentatum, ad

parL ^ 1 ^ on £ um > subrectum ; labium inferum vix brevius, in tertia

insert* SU fi >era rev °i u ^ um J a pice 3-dentatum. Stamina 2, ad tubi os

8 upe d ’ ^ amen ^is basin versus decurrentibus, parte libera sub labio

l°buli° a y Cen< ^ en .^ e a( ^ ^ cm. l° n g a 5 antherae ad 4*5 mm. longae,

pori S 2 s . aequalibus basi minute apiculatis. Pollinis grana globosa,

basi d'^’ U ^ ue verruc ulis orbicularibus centro depresso tecta. Ovarium

5 Cm C \ 8Co arm ulari cinctum, ovoideum; stylus filiformis, circiter

dorso v ° n ^ U8 * 8t ^ ma punctiforme. Capsula ad 3*2 cm. longa, a

a dorso 184 fj^spatulata, acute apiculata, stipite 1*5-1 *7 mm. longo

ad 4 m Va i com P res so, valvis demum cymbiformibus; retinacula

glab

m k i°uga. Semina disciformia, margine paulo incrassato,

a > 5 mm. diametro.

et (culfr ULLA * ^ rov ince of Merida, 1600 m., Funck & Schlim , 1171 :

ln lns ula Trinidad), Broadway , 4403.

The plant from which the present plate was prepared has been

grown for a number of years in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew.

The label containing the entry number was lost, so that the origin of

the plant could not be traced with certainty, but there is very little

doubt that it was raised from seed communicated by Mr. W. E. Broad¬

way, who in 1913 sent dried specimens in flower and in fruit to Kew

with the statement that they were obtained from “ Lafond’s garden,

Valley Road, Belmont,” Trinidad. These specimens and the Kew

plant agree so completely with Lindau’s description of Megaskepasma

erythrochlamys that I do not hesitate to identify them. It is true that

Lindau says the pollen grains of Megaskepasma are devoid of pores ;

but this statement is a priori open to doubt and may be due to the

circumstance that he worked with dried specimens. In the fresh

Kew material the pores are easily demonstrated. The sculpturing

of the exine of the pollen is singular in that it is characterised by the

presence of numerous almost contiguous circular slightly concave

discs. The affinity is otherwise with Rhacodiscus , another member

of the Porphyrocotna group, easily distinguished by its inconspicuous

subulate bracts and echinate pollen grains.—0. Staff.

Fig. 1, terminal spike of an inflorescence; 2, a leaf with middlo cut out, the

upper portion showing the upper surface, and the other the lower; 3, calyx;

4, upper lip of corolla, with stamens; 5, corolla tube in side view ; 6, anther;

7, pollen grain ; 8, base of a pistil with the surrounding disc ; 9, the same seen

from above; 10, the ovary without the disc; 11, a capsule not yet dehisced;

12, the same after dehiscence ; 13, a seed. Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 11, 12,* natural size ;

figs. 3, 6, 8, 9, 10, 13, all X 2; fig. 7, X 270.

Tabula 3129.

CLEMATIS RUBIFOLIA, C. H. Wright.

Ranunculaceae. Tribus Clematideae.

C. rubifolia, G. H. Wright in Kew Bull. 1896, p. 21 ; C. gratae , Wall.,

affinis, foliolis non lobatis inflorescentiaque subsessili distinguitur.

Frutex sarmentosus. Caulis tenuis, tomentosus. Folia trifoliolata,

pdis appressis vestita ; foliola ovata, acuminata, dentata, trinervia.

Gymae axillares, 5-8-florae ; pedunculi brevissimi. Sepala oblonga,

acuta, dorso marginibusque dense tomentosa. Filamenta sepalis

aequilonga, pilis antheras attingentibus vestita. Stylus columnaris,

pilis altis rigidis hirsutus, in fructu 5 cm. longus.

China. Yunnan: Mengtze, 1800 m., rocky places, seemingly rare,

Rec. 1893, W. Hancock , 18; Kochin Mountains, 600 m., 24 Dec. 1895,

W. Hancock , 577.

This species is allied to the Northern Indian C. grata , Wall., from

which it is readily distinguished by its unlobed, but dentate, leaflets

^nd its almost sessile inflorescence. G. Wightiana } Wall., another

nciian species, differs in its leaves being much more densely tomentose

oneath.—C. H. Wright.

5 ^ Ia * b portion of a branch ; 2, two leaflets ; 3, old flower ; 4, head of achones ;

fiy 5° W *7° rtion °* tt 8 ^ n 8^ e achene. Figs. 1, 2, 4, natural size; fig. 3, X 2;

Tabula 3130.

SMILAX MEGALANTHA, C. H. Wright.

Liliaceae. Tribus Smilaceae.

S. (Eusmilax) megalantha, C. H. Wright in Kew Bull . 1895, p. 118,

et in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot., vol. xxxvi. p. 99 ; W. J. B. in Kew Bull.

1920, p. 124 ; S. stenopetalae, A. Gray, affinis, raccmo ex axilla folii

juvenilis oriente distinguitur.

Frutex scandens, ad 5 m. altus, sempervirens. Caulis flexuosus,

leviter sulcatus, spinis paucis brevibus compressis instructus. Folia

valde variabilia, ovata vel oblonga, acuta, nervis primariis 3-5 praedita,

subtus glaucescentia, 9-18 cm. longa, 5*5-12 cm. lata; petiolus

2-4 cm. longus, vagina 1-2 cm. longa cirrhis usque ad 16 cm. longis

terminata. Injlorescentia subumbellata, ex axilla folii juvenilis in

ramo laterali 2 cm. longo oriens, squama magna persistente folii

vaginae opposita; pedunculus 2*5 cm. longus; bracteolae subu-

latae. Flores <$: perianthium 6 -partitum, 1 cm. longum; segmenta

lanceolata, acuminata, exteriora latiora ; filamenta filiforinia, perianthio

paullo breviora. Flores 9 non visa. Fructus globosus, 1 cm. diametro,

corallinus.

China. Western Szechuen: near Tachienlu, between 2700 and

4000 m., A. E. Pratt , 811 ; Mount Omei, Rev. E. Faber ; Mount Wa,

111 thickets at 1500 m., E. II. Wilson , 3253 (young flowers, May) and

3254 (fruit, November).

This species is allied to S. stcno'petala , A. Gray, a native of Formosa,

he Luchu Archipelago, and Japan, from which it differs in its in-

I ores cence, which, instead of arising directly from the axil of a mature

ea f> consists of a much contracted raceme borne in the axil of a very

young leaf (rarely an inch long) situated on an axillary branch about

l° n g> at the base of which a large bud-scale persists opposite to

le h^af-sheath. The size and outline of the leaves vary considerably

T} 1 • 6 sa ? le plant, and the flowers are amongst the largest in the genus,

species has proved hardy in English gardens, where it is a valuable

er green climber.— C. H. W right.

flowed* ’ branch, natural size ; 2, flower seen from above, X 3 ; 3, side view of

6, ant £ ^ 3 ; 4, inner perianth-segment, X 6 ; 5, outer perianth-segment, X 5 ;

«t 2 €> er » * 10 ; 7, fruit, X 2 ; 8, transverse section of fruit, X 2 ; 9, leaf, natural

Tabula 3131.

SILENE OTITES, Sm., var. PSEUDOTITES, Vis.

Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae.

S. Otites, Sm ., var. pseudotites, Vis. Flor. Dalm. vol. iii. p. 170 (1850);

a planta boreali inflorescentiae ramis elongatis patentibus differt.

Herba erecta, dioica, usque ad 9 dm. alta, caulibus inferne minutissime

puberulis superne glabris plus minusve viscosis. Folia radicalia

°blanceolato-spathulata, apice rotundata saepe apiculata, basi in

petiolum gradatim angustata, usque ad 14 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata,

8a epissime circiter 8 cm. longa et 1*8 cm. lata, in pagina superiore

glabra vel leviter puberula, in inferiore plus minusve puberula;

lolia caulina gradatim minora, angustiora, acuta vel subacuta.

Lnflorescentia ramosa mascula praecipue, bracteis lanceolatis albo-

^embranaceo-marginatis ciliatis basi connatis. Flores masculi : calyx

^blongo-obconicus, 4 mm. longus, lobis ovato-orbicularibus rotundatis

c m. longis margine late scarioso-membranaceis minute ciliolato-

^ briatis; petala linearia, 4-5 mm. longa, viridi-lutea; stamina

^ longa, antheris oblongis 1 *5 mm. longis ; gynaeceuminchoatum,

^ mm. longum, stylis tribus instructum. Flores feminei: calyx

4 4. () ^ US Ve ^ °blongo-ellipticus, 4 mm. longus; petala linearia,

ell' ° mm ‘ * on S a > viridi-lutea ; gynaeceum perfectum, ovario oblongo-

T^ 01( ^ eo 2*5 mm. alto, stylis tribus 3 mm. longis. Capsula anguste

^mdeo-ellipsoidea, 6-7 mm. alta, 3 mm. diametro, dentibus patentibus.

« " nna subreniformia, vix 1 mm. longa, non acute tuberculata sed

p » U °’’— S - Pseudotites, Besser in Reichb. Flor. Germ. Excurs.

p i f " y832); Aschers. u. Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Flor. vol. v. sect. 2,

(1779\ Lychnis Otites Scop. Flor. Cam. ed. 2, vol. i. p. 305

)> e descr. et loc., excl. syn.

^ Vah st Trieste, Herb. Bentham\ Karstwiesen bei Triest, 26.5.65,

6 .g] V>° Monte Spaccato, 22.6.37, Bentham , 756; bei Bazovizza,

H-8 22 0S P} c ! la, l> * n dry stony pasture, near BrisSiki, seeds collected

seeds n’li ^ 1Vft ted at Kew as Turrill , K. 163 ; from the same locality,

0 ected 15.8.25, and cultivated at Kew as Turrill , K. 320.

The

c °llected a ^ e ^ ^ Gre H& ure d was originally described from specimens

Trie s t e p 1 s l° n y pasture on Mt. Spaccato near Bassowitza, east of

rom the writer’s observations and re-interpreting the remarks

of Pospichal ( Flora des 0esterr.-Kustenl. vol. i. p. 463: 1897), it appears

that this is the common variety on the dry stony limestone karstlands

of the northern Adriatic districts. That the variety extends south to

Dalmatia is indicated by Visiani’s conclusions and there are specimens

from Italy, France, and other European countries in the Kew Herbarium

which must either be placed in the same variety or considered as links

between it and the northern type variety. The leaves are not glabrous

as stated in a differential diagnosis attached to the original description

of Besser.

In the figure published by Reichenbach (Ic . Flor. German, vol. vi.

t. cclxxxix. : 1841) the flowers are shown as hermaphrodite—very

clearly so in the enlarged uncoloured drawing of a flower. Neither in

wild nor in cultivated material have other than dioecious plants been

found by the writer. The peculiarities of sex-behaviour in crosses

between the different varieties of S. Otites are being worked out at the

John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton. Sibs of the material

here figured ( Turrill , K. 163, 320) have been used in these experi¬

ments.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, plant, X J; 2, leaf, natural size ; 3, portion of male inflorescence,

natural size ; 4, portion of young infructescence, natural size ; 5, portion of stem,

X 3 ; 6, male flower, X 3 ; 7, female flower with corolla opened, X 3.

Tabula 3132 .

JASIONE BULGAItlCA, Stoy. et Stef.

Campanulaceae. Tribus Campanuleae.

J. bulgarica, Stoy. et Stef . in Oesterr. Bot. Zeilschr. vol. lxx. p. 105

(1921), et Flor. de Bulg. p. 1095 (1925); Stoy. in Notizbl. Bot. Gard.

Mus. Berlin-Dahlem, vol. ix. p. 555 (1926); a J. orbiculata rhizomate

repente saepe ramoso, foliis bracteis calycibusque omnino glabris,

staminis liberis distinguitur.

Herba perennis, glabra. Rhizoma tenue, repens, saepe ramosura.

Caulis erectus, teretiusculus, sulcato-striatus, ad medium vel supra

foliatus, 5-22 cm. altus. Folia radicalia rosulata, oblanceolata, apice

°btusa vel subacuta, basi gradatim attenuata, 1*5-2 *5 cm. longa,

5-6 mm. lata, integra vel obsolete et remote denticulata ; folia caulina

lanceolata vel oblongo-oblanceolata, integra vel leviter denticulata.

Flores in capitulum terminate 1*5-2 *2 cm. diametro aggregati ; in-

v olucri phylla elliptico-ovata vel elliptico-lanceolata, apice acuminata,

Cl rciter 7 mm. longa et 4 mm. lata, margine remote setaceo-denticulata ;

Pedicelli 2-2*5 mm. longi. Calyx laciniis lanceolato-subulatis acutis

* er e 3 mm. longis. Corolla 6 mm. longa, laciniis oblongo-linearibus

V( d apice obtusis linearibus primo erectis deinde divaricatis. Stamina

a ^theris liberis nec connatis, 3 mm. longa. Receptaculum oblongo-

yHionicum, 1*3 mm. altum, 1 mm. diametro; stylus 7 mm. longus.—-

''Qsione orbiculata Griseb. var. orbelica Vel. Flor. Bulg. Suppl. vol. i.

P* 188 (1898), pro parte.

Bulgaria. Rila Planina, in saxosis montis Mus Allah, 2000 m.,

^1-8.07, C. K. Schneider ; Musaila, in stony and rocky places in open

y e getation, 2200 m., 29.7.26, Turrill , 1263; Mt. Pirin, Spano Pole,

1X1 alpine meadow, 2000 m., 4.8.21, Stoyanoff & Stefanoff, 873.

^ Bi addition to the specimens represented at Kew and quoted above,

t°yanoff and Stefanoff record the species from : in pascuis regionis

Su Perioris J2000-2500 m.) montis Rila ad rivum Urdinam et sub

^ c Urnine Cader-Tepe, 7-9.19 (type); Rila in cacumine Ibar, 5.8.99,

^ribrny ; in lapidosis in Musaila, 1906, Urumoff ; in monte Kostenski

r^kan, Belmeken, 1910, Urumoff ; Kostenski Balkan, Kotlimite

j S. Georgieff ; Rila, subalpine Matten unter dem Gipfel Sari-Gjol,

> Pirin, in rupestribus alpinis montis Jel-Tepe, alt. 2100 m., 7.09,

^nie ; in graminosis alpinis montis Pirin, 27.7.18, Urumoff.

The species has often been confused with J. orbiculata , Griseb.,

from which it is quite distinct morphologically, and no intermediate

forms or possible hybrids have been recorded between the two species.

J . orbiculata has a wider distribution than J. bulgarica and is known

from mountains in Albania, N. Macedonia (S. Serbia), Bulgaria, Serbia,

Montenegro, Bosnia and Hercegovina, as the var. supinoides, Stoy.,

from Epirus, and as the var. italica , Stoy., from Mt. Serino in S. Italy.

Phytogeographically the group of species centering round J. supina ,

(Sieb.) Griseb., is of great interest. Stretching from Asia Minor to

S. Italy, the allied species and varieties exemplify the essential unity

of the flora of the Balkan Peninsula and Asia Minor, and indicate the

route along which so many species spread when the Balkan Peninsula

was joined by land to Asia. Stoyanoff (l.c. 1926) gives evidence that

J. bulgarica is one of the younger of this group of species, though it

must be noted that in the character of having free stamens it is related

to some Spanish species. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, involucral leaf, X 5 ; 3, flower, X 5 ; 4, stamens,

X 10 ; 5, gynaeceum, ovary in section, X 5.

Tabula 3133.

CERINTHE MINOR, L., var. HISPIDA, Tut rill

Boraginaceae. Tribus Borageae.

C. minor, L. Sp. PI p. 137 (1753), var. hispida, Turrill in Kew Bull

1924, p. 355 ; Hayek , Prodr. Flor. Penins. Balcan. vol. ii. p. 91 (1928);

pedicellis hispidis distinguitur.

Herba perennis, caulibus ascendentibus vel prostrato-ascendentibus

usque ad 5 dm. longis foliosis glabris. Folia oblongo-ovata, acuta

vel subacuta vel interdum obtusa, basi valde amplexicaulia, media

circiter 3-4 cm. longa et 1*5 cm. lata, glabra, saepe glauca, haud vel

vix aspera. Injlorescentia primum compacta deindc valde elongata;

bracteae foliis similes sed gradatim minores ; pedicelli 3-12 mm. longi,

bispidi. Sepala inaequalia, margine hispido-ciliata, externum ovato-

oblongum, acutum, 1 cm. longum, 5-5 mm. latum, media lanceolata,

^ mm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata, interna lanceolato-linearia, 7-8 mm. longa,

1~1*5 mm. lata. Corolla 1*1 cm. longa, lobis lineari-triangularibus

b*5 mm. longis conniventibus. Antherae 6 mm. longae. Gynaeceum

glabrum; stylus 1 • 1 cm. longus. Nuculae inaequaliter ovoideae,

^•75 mm. longae, atro-brunneae.

Balkan Peninsula. Greece: in rupestribus herbidis regionis

**up e riori8 Taygeti loco Koupartos dicto, July 1844, de Heldreich.

Macedonia: in dumetis ad Veles, June 1905, Adamovic. Thrace:

Gallipoli Peninsula, Angadere, 22-24 July 1923, C. M. Ingoldby , 450

(type of variety). N. Bulgaria, Varna, vineyards to the north of the

town, 20 May 1923, B. Gilliat-Smith, 108 ; hills to the north of Varna,

July 1924, B. Gilliat-Smith , 852 ; Varna district, cult. Herbarium

.Experimental Ground, Kew, 1925-1930, from seeds collected in 1924,

. * ^9. S. Bulgaria : prope Sliven in graminosis ad collum Sekerdze,

ft nr 1907, 0. K . Schneider , 456. liodopes: hills above Backova,

oOOm.,24 July 1926, W. B. Turrill f 1453. Dobruja : Tultscha, Steppe

oei Malkodz, 8 May 1872, Sintenis , 285.

south Russia. Crimea: Sebastopol, 1855, Saint-Supery; prope

omerdski, litus meridion., 25 May 1905, N. A . Busch. Prov. Kursk,

n aggeribus prope Kursk, 7 Jun. 1897, D. Kladbisczew , 127. In

1 odolia australi, W. Besser .

SIA Minor. Boli, Wiedemann ; Sabounjou-Kaive, entre Smyme

ct Magnesie, dans les terrains calcaires, 8 Jun. 1854, Balansa, 366 ;

ad Angora Galatiae, 1892, Bornmuller , 3076 ; Cilicia, 1896, Siehe , 422 ;

in monte Tauro, 1838, T. Kotschy , 366, 367 ; bords des champs humides

pres Ermenek, Jul. 1872, A. Peronin, 190 ; in monte Solyma, Lyciae,

Mai 1845, ote Heldreich ; Ali Dagh, a 7 kilom. au SE de Cesaree

(Cappadoce), vers 1400 metr. d’alt., Jul. 1856, Balansa, 967 (pro

parte) ; Arzani, Mitchell.

Armenia. Inter Baibont et Erzeroum, in valle Kassuklu, Mai 1853,

IIuet du Pavilion ; prope Zara (Wilajet Si was), 1300-1400 m., May

1893, Bornmuller, 3440 ; Egin, Kemengvep, 28 May 1890, Sintenis,

2423.

Caucasus. Paetigorsk, Becker ; sine loc., 1831, Prescot ; sine loc.,

Radde ; ex Iberia, 1824, Wilhelms.

Kurdistan. Sine loc., 1840, J. Brant, W. II. F. Strangways.

Syria. Inter Bludan et Palmyra in jugis fissuras rupium incolit

5500 ped. 12 Jun. 1855, Kotschy, 115 ; sine loc., 1846, Pinard.

Persia. Yam, north of Tabriz, 22.5.27, B. Gilliat-Smith, 1860 ;

21.8.27, B. Gilliat-Smith, 2125.

Cerinthe minor, L., is known to be a moderately polymorphic species.

The chief interest of the character of hispid pedicels lies in its geo¬

graphical distribution. The greater number of specimens from the

eastern part of the Mediterranean Region, from Asia Minor, Caucasus,

Armenia, Kurdistan, and Syria, as well as from S. Russia, and many

from the southern and eastern parts of the Balkan Peninsula have

hispid pedicels. On the other hand, all the numerous specimens

examined from the central and western parts of the Mediterranean

Region and from Central Europe have glabrous pedicels. The only

exception to this last statement is a plant from Steier, Upper Austria,

ex Herbario Brittingeriano, in which some of the pedicels have one

or two short hispid hairs. The geographical separation of the two

variants is not complete. Both occur in the Caucasus and in Greece

(Peloponnesus), and a few specimens from northern Asia Minor and

Armenia have glabrous pedicels, though the majority have hispid

pedicels. It is not without interest that the sheet of Balansa, 967, at

Kew, quoted above (pro parte), has one specimen with glabrous and one

with hispid pedicels. The pedicels of specimens from Kurdistan ”

range from hispid to slightly hispid or even doubtfully glabrous. It

is quite evident that the two variants meet and overlap, or alternately

diverge from the Balkan Peninsula, northern Asia Minor and southern

Russia.

•

The variety has been cultivated since 1925 in the Herbarium Experi¬

mental Ground at Kew from seed collected in 1924 near Varna by

Mr. B. Gilliat-Smith. Only one plant now survives and makes

luxuriant annual growth. It flowers from spring to late autumn and

is visited by enormous numbers of hive and other bees. In spite oi

this it has never set seed till 1929 when, in the latter part of the season,

a fair number of nutlets ripened. Why the self-sterility should thus

suddenly break down is unknown. The plant behaves as a hemicrypto-

phyte at Kew, but the new annual shoots appear very early in the

year. The figure has been made from living material (K. 119). The

flowers are pale yellow except for a reddish purple band around the

top of the tube and involving the bases of the corolla lobes.— W. B.

Turrill.

Fra. 1, upper portion of branch, natural size ; 2 and 3, flowers, X 2 ; 4, flower,

with calyx removed, X 2 ; 5, flower with corolla opened up, X 2 ; 6 and 7,

stamens, X 7 ; 8, ovary, X 7 ; 9, portion of pedicel, x 9 ; 10, fruit, X 3.

Tabula 3134.

VERBASCUM LUTEO-VIRIDE, Turrill.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. TribuS VERBASCEAE.

V. luteo-viride, Turrill in Kew Bull . 1924, p. 263; Stoyanoff et

StefanoJJ ’, Flor. de Bulg . p. 988 (1925); Hayek , Prodr, Flor. Benins.

Balcan. vol. ii. p. 119 (1929); species Sect. Lychnitidis , Benth. in

DC. Prodr. x. 230 (1846), Subsect. Thapsoideae , Benth. l.c., sensu

ttuitato Boiss. Flor. Or. iv. 299 (1879), a F. pinnatifido, Vahl, foliorum

ambitu, inflorescentia densiore valde differt.

Plania tota plus minusve albo-toraentosa, pilis umbellato-ramosis

sessilibus vel saepissime stipitatis instructa. Caulis erectus, inferne

teres, glabrescens, superne leviter angulatus, dense albo-tomentosus.

Folia radicalia oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, usque ad 4 dm. longa

^9*5 cm. lata, crenata, caulina acute acuminata, irregulariter crenata,

ln pagina inferiore dense albo-tomentosa, in pagina superiore minus

albo-tomentosa fere viridia vel luteo-viridia, inferiora ovata, basi

c ordata, 6*5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, vel in culto multo majora, usque

a d 3-5 dm. longa, et 1-4 dm. lata, superiora fere orbicularia, amplexi-

Ca ulia, 2*3 cm. diametro. Flores glomerati, sessiles, glomerulis in

Jacemum 4 dm. longum vel in paniculam ramis 3 dm. longis dispositis ;

r acteae inferiores foliis superioribus similes, superiores sessiles, late

ov atae, plus minusve acuminatae, circiter 1 cm. longae et 7 mm. latae,

^enato-dentatae vel crenato-serratae, luteo-virides, venosae. Calyx

ere a( i basin in sepala 5 subaequalia divisus, scpalis anguste oblongis

i e lanceolato-oblongis obtusis vel subacutis minute apiculatis 4-6 mm.

^° a gis 2-3 mm. latis, usque ad 2-3 mm. infra apicem dense albo-

2 °inentosis, apicem versus viridibus glabrisque. Corolla lutea, circiter

crr V diametro, extra albo-tomentosa, intus glabra. Stamina fila-

^cntis inferne pilis albo-flavidis obtectis, antheris omnibus reni-

do ^ibus. Ovarium ovoideum, 2*5 mm. altum, 2 mm. diametro,

eil «e albo-tomentosum ; stylus 7 • 5 mm. longus, glaber, superne leviter

Via vatus.

$ Ulgaria. District Rouscuck, near Shtrklevo (Strakliovo), 14.8.92,

r 0 )? eor 9 iev (typus); between Shtrklevo and Ivanovo, on limestone

He l . l8924 > D. Uopdanob & D. Jordanoff\ cultivated in the

W r ?u llm Ex P er imental Ground at Kew, 1926-27, from seeds col-

K. ^ Dopdanob and Jordanoff, l.c., in flower 21.7.27 and 1.11.27,

This very distinct species of Verbascum is of special interest as an

endemic of the Danubian plain of North Bulgaria. This district is

one of the poorest in plant endemics of the whole Balkan Peninsula,

partly because the habitat conditions on the opposite side of the

Danube are very similar, partly because of its flat uniformity, and

partly because of its high degree of cultivation. It is, of course, possible

that V. luteo-viride may be found in southern Roumania, but at present

it is accepted as one of the most striking endemics in Bulgaria north

of and excluding the Stara Planina.

Since the original description was published we have been fortunate

in procuring viable seeds, by the kindness of Mr. B. Stefanoff of Sofia,

and these have enabled us to study the living plant at Kew. Under

cultivation quite handsome plants can be obtained, much larger than

the wild material at first described. A study of the living plants has

resulted in some modifications of the original description—especially

with regard to the size of the leaves and the branching of the

inflorescence. The figure has been made from specimens cultivated

at Kew as K. 71 (see above).—\V. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, portion of inflorescence, X }; 2, inflorescence-branch, natural size ;

3, foliage leaf, natural size ; 4, bract, X 2 ; 5, calyx, slightly enlarged ; 6, corolla

spread open, slightly enlarged; 7, gynaeceum, X 3.

Tabula 3135 .

VERONICA EUXINA, Turrill.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribus DlGITALEAE.

V. euxina, Turrill in Journ. Bot. vol. lxiii. p. 161 (1925), el in Bull.

Soc. Bot. Bulg. vol. ii. pp. 22, 24 (1928); Hayek, Prodr. Flor. Penins.

Balcan. vol. ii. p. 158 (1929); a V. spicata , L., sensu stricto, caulibus

foliisque dense glanduloso-pubescentibus, foliis inferioribus latioribus,

omnibus sessilibus vel fere sessilibus, capsulis glabris differt.

Caules erecti vel ascendentes, usque ad 5 dm. alti, ima basi 3 mm.

diametro, subteretes, omnino dense glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia

late elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, apice obtusa, rotundata, vel subacuta,

basi angustata saepe semiamplexicaulia, media 4-6 cm. longa, 2-3 era.

lata, margine crenata, pagina utraque dense glanduloso-pubescentia,

costa nervisque in siccitate supra subimpressis subtus prominentibus,

nervislateralibus utrinque circiter 6, in folia superiora minora angustiora

acuta gradatim transientia. Injlorescentia usque ad 1*2 dm. longa;

8 picae densae, multiflorae, solitariae, vel usque ad 5 aggregatae; bracteae

angustissime ellipticae, apice acutae, 1-5 mm. longae, 0*5 mm. latae,

margine longe ciliatae, haud glandulosae ; pedicelli 0*5 mm. longi.

Sepala 4, glabra, margine conspicue albo-ciliata excepta, haud

glandulosa, 2 adaxialia ovata, 1*5 mm. longa, 2 abaxialia lineari-

e lliptica, 2 mm. longa. Petala 4, 3*5 mm. longa, abaxiale lineare,

a daxiale ovatum, lateralia lineari-oblonga. Filamenta 2*5 mm. longa ;

a Rtherae vix 1 mm. longae. Ovarium compresso-subsphaericum,

glabrum; stylus 4 mm. longus, glaber. Capsula compresso-sub-

®phaerica, apice leviter truncata, haud emarginata, 3 mm. longa,

” mm. diametro, glabra, stylo saepe persistente. Semina plana vel

^bplana, ambitu oblonga vel subrotundata, circiter 0*75 mm. longa,

luteo-brunnea.

Bulgaria. Hills south of Varna, in flower June 1924, Gilliat-

wnith, 671, 730, 752, 753, 879 (fruit); hills south of Varna, in flower

an £ fruit, 8.8.26, Turrill, 1590.

Hobruja. Tultscha, Steppe bei Malkodz, 20.6.72, Sintenis, 227

orn\ with narrower leaves).

Tins species is one of several allied to the Linnean V. spicata. In

as tern Bulgaria it grows in grassy places between shiblyak brush-

00(1 (see Turrill, Plant-Life of the Balkan Peninsula, pp. 152 seq..

Oxford, 1929) associated with V. orchidea , Crantz. From the latter

species it remains quite distinct, and in the wild habitat is easily dis¬

tinguished by the less erect habit, darker duller green and marked

glandulosity. Both species have been cultivated, from Varna material,

for four years in the Herbarium Experimental Ground at Kew and have

retained their distinctive characters. The figure has been prepared

from cultivated material obtained from the only known Bulgarian

locality near Varna.—W. B. Turrill.

Figs. 1 and 2, plant, natural size ; 3, flower, X 5 ; 4, calyx, and calyx and

bract, X 5 ; 5, fruits, X 5.

Tabula 3136.

VERONICA ORCHIDEA, Crantz.

SCROPHULARIACEAE. Tribus DlGITALEAE.

V. orchidea, Crantz Stirp. Austr. Fasc. iv. p. 333 (1769); Turrill

in Journ. Bot. vol. lxiii. p. 160 (1925), el in Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulg. vol. ii.

P- 22 (1928); a F. spicata , L., caulibus calycibusque glanduloso

pubescentibus recedit.

. Herba perennis. Rhizoma breve, plus minusve horizontale, leviter

mcrassatum. Caules erecti, simplices, teretes, usque ad 9 dm. alti

8(i d saepissime breviores, puberuli. Folia in planta juveni oblongo-

^ v ata, apice rotundata, basi in petiolum abrupte contracta, usque ad

. °m. longa, petiole 2 cm. longo excluso, et 4*5 cm. lata ; folia caulina

lri planta florifera lanceolata, elliptico- vel oblongo-lanceolata, acuta

Ve l subacuta, usque ad 7 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata ; inferiora abrupte

subgradatim in petiolum contracta ; superiora minores; omnia

ttlar gine crenata vel rarissime integra, plus minusve puberula vel in

P a gina superiore lucida glabra vel fere glabra, baud glandulosa, costa

^ er visque lateralibus in pagina superiore vix prominentibus in inferior©

P^minentibus. Inflorescentia multum ramosa, ramis densius puberulis

j Su P er ne glandulosis, spicis elongatis, multifloris; bracteae lanceo-

ae vel superiores lineares. Calycis segmenta elliptico-oblonga,

Cn u f 7 a v el subacuta, 2 mm. longa, 1*25 mm. lata, dense glandulosa.

(a°l° • atroviolacea, 7 mm. longa, lobis 4-5 mm. longis, 2*5 mm.

ant? Xl ^ e )~^ 5 mm. (abaxiale) latis, contortis. Stamina 6 mm. longa,

gl , eris 2 mm. longis inclusis. Gynaeceum 6*25 mm. altum; stylus

ovarium 1 mm. altum, pubescens. Capsulae glanduioso-

0 . escentes, 2-25 mm. longae. Semina complanato-ellipsoidea,

Pi ivr? 3 ” * 0 I 1 8 a *— spicata , L., subsp. orchidea , Hayek in Hegi 111.

J 3 *i Hlt * Eur. vol. vi. pars i. p. 46 (1915), et in Prodr. Flor. Pemns.

Cau * vol. ii. p . 157 (1929).

Czer} 1 RO oi E * Ital y> Austria, Hungary, Banat, Galicia, Germany,

I)obr °. ova kia, Houmania, Croatia, S. Russia, Albania, Bulgaria,

ru Ja> Serbia, Istria.

Tl ’

° u ltivf f I 1 Y cros P ec ies of the F. spicata group of speedwells has been

8 °Uth /v*' ^ ew f° r 8 ome years from seeds collected on the hills

0 Varna, eastern Bulgaria, where it grows in grassy places

between shiblyak, associated with V. euxina. Under cultivation it

retains its characteristic features and makes a plant of considerable

horticultural value. In its general distribution it is essentially

Pannonian-Caucasian so far as the available material allows us to

judge. Morphologically the relatively long and narrow often twisted

corolla-lobes of a dark violet-blue colour are very distinctive, and the

shortness of the hairs makes the living plant appear glabrous till a

lens is applied. Both V. orchidea and V. euxina normally over-winter

as hemicryptophytes.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, upper portion of flowering plant, natural size ; 2, lower portion of plant,

natural size ; 3, flower, X 3 ; 4, calyx, and calyx with bract, X 5 ; 5, fruit, X 5.

Tabula 3137.

PAGUS ORIENTALIS, Lipsky.

Fagaceae. Tribus Fageae.

F. orientalis, Lipsky in Acta Hart. Petrop. vol. xiv. p. 300 (1897) ;

Stefanoff in Oeslerr. Bot. Zeitschr. vol. lxx. p. Ill (1921); Stoyanoff

et Stefanoff , op. cit. vol. lxxii. p. 86 (1923); Turrill in Kew Bull.

1926, p. 102, et Plant-Life of the Balkan Peninsula , p. 139 (1929) ;

Stoyanoff in Jahrh. d. Univer. Sofia. Landwirtsch. Fakultat. vol. v.

pp. 345-394 (1927), et in May. Bot. Lap. vol. xxv. p. 131 (1927); a

P. silvatica , L., foliorum nervis utrinque saopissime 9-11, floribus

masculis perigoniis late et breviter campanulatis lobis brevioribus late

ovatis, fructus involucri laciniis majoribus inferioribus foliaceis divert.

Arbor alta, cortice cinerco. Folia elliptica, oblongo-, ovato-, vel

obovato-elliptica, apice acuta subacuta vel leviter attenuata, basi

rotundata vel plus minusve cuncata, lamina usque ad 12-5 cm. longa

et 7 *5 cm. lata, saepissime minore, venis lateralibus utrinque saepissime

9-11 in pagina inferiora prominentibus adpresse sericeis; petiolus

circiter 1 cm. longus. Flores masculi: perigonia late et breviter

campanulata, 3 mm. longa, lobis late ovatis 1*5 cm. longis 1*25 cm.

jatis ; stamina 9-12, 6 mm. longa ; antherae 1*25 mm. longae. Fructus

involucri laciniis majoribus dissimilibus, inferioribus foliaceis viridibus

nmltinerviis 1 cm. longis et usque ad 3 mm. latis interdum in fructus

pedicello sitis ; intermediis subsimilibus sed tenuioribus et acutioribus,

supremis subulatis ; pedicellus 2-7 cm. longus, adpresse sericens.

Bulgaria. In silvis monte Strandje, Jul. 1920, Stoyanoff et Stefanoff

(forma macrophylla); in silvis ad rivum Kamtschia, 9.7.22, Stoyanoff

e t Stefanoff ; south of the Aladza Monastery, north of Varna, 8.6.25,

& Qilliat-Smith , 1189 ; Central Rodope, in valley between Boju and

Baridere, c. 400 in., 17-18.6.26, Turrill , 1450, 1482, 1483, 1646.

Crimea. Woods of the Tchatir-Dagh, 30.9.46, no collector; in

descensu a monte Karabi-Jaila usque ad p. Kuczuk-Usen, 22.5.05,

A. Busch ; forest on the mountain Ai Petri, 13.7.25, Zizitne.

Asia Minor. Near the roadside from Brusa on Mt. Olympus, about

3°00-4000 ft., 30.8.24, C. W. James and Sir Henry Miers, F.R.S. ;

Ida, Troas, Tschai-Dere prope Kareikos, 24.7.83, Sintems , 581 (?);

Paphlagonia, Wilajet Kastambuli, Kurc-Nahas, in silvis ad Topschi-

Chan, 9.9.92, Sintenis , 5113 ; Paphlagonia, Kiire, between Kastarauni

and Ineboli, 1400 m., on the northern slope of Kush-Dagh, in mixed

forest with Taxus , Abies Bornmuelleriana , Carjpinus , Fraxinus , etc.,

5.8.25, //. Czeczott ; Phrygia, Tchabanne-Dagh, a l’Est de Guedis,

vers 1300 metres, 19.7.57, Balansa , 1141.

Caucasus. Kusary, distr. Ruba, prov. Baku, 31.7.26, Kariagin ;

Ossetia, in silvis prope Alagir, 4 u. 7.98, R. Marcowicz ; Terek, circa

►Shelesnowodsk, 28.8.98, F. Akivfiew , 438 ; Balkaria Dukh-Sou, in

mixed beech and birch copse, on the mountain above Dykhskaya

block-house, 1900 m., 18.7.27, E. and N. Buscli ; Karska region,

district of Ardagan, 20.8.14, E. T . Kikodse ; 6 versts from the village

of Djoubia in the Black Sea Government, 1913, Mdme. M. Lavrouve ;

in mountain gorges near Batum, Massalsky.

Syria. Monts Amanus: Kusliji Dagh, 5000-6500 ft., 8.08,

M. Haradjian, 2568.

Persia. Sylv. Ghilan, Auclier-Eloy , 5325.

The oriental beech has its main distribution in the Caucasus and

northern Asia Minor where it forms considerable forests. It was first

recorded in Europe from the Strandja mountains in eastern Bulgaria,

later near Dolen-Ciflik in the eastern Stara Planina, still later north

of Varna, and then in the Central Rodopes, north of Daridere. In

1927 Stoyanoff recorded it for many localities in the eastern parts of

the Stara Planina, near Cape Emine and the village of Gjozeken. In

the Balkan Peninsula the common beech ( F. silvalica , L.) grows

generally at higher altitudes (commonly above 1000 m.), and the

oriental beech only in the eastern parts and at lower altitudes. Geo¬

graphically their areas overlap in the Central Rodopes, and inter¬

mediates undoubtedly occur there ( Turrill , 1431, 1472, 1713, in Herb.

Kew). The writer suggested in 1926 that the beech recorded for the

northern Dobruja might be F. oriental is, and this suggestion has since

been confirmed by G. H. Grin^escu (Bui. Grad. Bot. Cluj. vol. vii.

p. 58: 1928). In the Dobruja the oriental beech is said to occur

especially at Luncavi^a (distr. of Tulcea), where it forms a small forest

of 200-250 individuals. Accounts of the oriental beech forest in the

Central Rodopes have already been published (Stoyanolf 1927, Turrill

19 29).

The beech or beeches of the Crimea arc still in dispute. E. Wulft

and T. Zyrina (Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. vol. lxxiii. p. 276 : 1924) conclude

that both F. silvalica and F. oricntalis occur in the Crimea. Wulu,

however, in Karsten u. Schenck, Vegetationsbilder , vol. xvii. t. 3b, says

“ Die Buchenwalder in der Krim werden von einer Form, die dor

Fagus oriental is Lipsky sehr ahnlich ist, gebildet.” It is understood

that further recent investigations on the Crimean beeches have been

made, but no publication dealing with the results has been traced.

The few Crimean specimens at Kew are insufficient to decide the rang 0

of characters found in the genus in the Crimea, but they app (>ar

indistinguishable from the more abundant Caucasian material, and

are here quoted as F. orienlalis.

The distribution of F. silvatica is given, fairly accurately, by Lammer-

mayr in Die PJlanzenareale , I. ii. Karte 17 (1926), and for F. orientalis ,

incompletely, in Karte 18.—W. B. Turrill.

Fia. 1, foliage branch, natural size ; 2, flowering branch, natural size ; 3, young

infructescence, natural size ; 4, bracts from cupule, X 2; 5, male flower, X 3;

6, fruits, natural size.

Tabula 3138.

OTHONNA EUPHORBIOIDES, Hutchinson.

Compositae. Tribus Senecioneae.

0. euphorbioides, Hutchinson in Ann. S. Afr. Mus. vol. ix. p. 412,

fig. 15 (1917) ; species insignis habitu Euphorbiae f foliis multo reductis,

pedunculis bifurcatis demum spinescentibus distinctissima.

Caules robusti, crassi, breves, duri, pedunculis bifurcatis per-

sistentibus spinosi, cortice laevi glabro obtecti. Folia reducta, pauca,

circum bases pedunculorum subverticillata, anguste oblanceolata, vel

spatulato-oblanceolata, 1-1-3 cm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, crassa et

probabiliter carnosa, glabra, e pul vino cano-tomentoso orta. Pedunculi

rigidi, superne plerumque bifurcati, ad 2-5 cm. longi, glabri. Capitula

minima, turbinato-campanulata, discoidea, circiter 5 mm. diametro.

Involucrum 3 mm. longum, 5-lobatum, lobis ovato-triangularibus

subacutis 1 mm. longis glabris. Flores radii breviter ligulati; corolla

pappo brevior, apice bifida. Achaenia brevia, 1 mm. longa, crassa,

glabra. Pappus copiosissimus, albus, plerumque 2-5 mm. longus,

minute barbellatus. Flores disci steriles; corollae tubus 'l mm.

longus, glaber, lobi oblongi, obtusi, 1 mm. longi. Achaenia ungusta,

clongata, glabra, 1-25 mm. longa. Pappus minus copiosus, ceterum

ut in floribus radii.

South Africa. Little Namaqualand : Khamiesberg; in clefts of

rocks on upper north-west slopes of Sneeuwkop, Pearson & Pillans ,

5795 ; south-east slopes above Modderfontein, Pearson <& Pillans ,

5858 ; Beacon Hill, north-west of Leliefontein, 1680 m., Pearson , 6326.

Among the many weird forms of African plants this is perhaps one

°f the most remarkable. In habit it resembles very closely some

s pccies of Euphorbia and of Crassulaceae. The peduncles are bifurcate

*md become hard and spinescent, a very remarkable feature in the

Lompositae. According to Pearson it forms a cushion-plant in the

Lhamiesberg. —J. Hutchinson.

a ? I(> - L portion of plant, natural size ; 2, loaf, X 5 ; 3, fiowor-heads, X 5;

’ nower > X 12; 5, stamen, X 30 ; 6, style, X 30.

Tabula 3139.

ROTTBOELLIA PURPURASCENS, Robyns.

Gramineae. Tribus Andropoooneae.

R. purpurascens, Robyns , Flor. Agrost. Congo Beige, pars i. p. 66

(1929), et Bull. Jard. Bo). Brux. vol. viii. p. 214 (1930); a R. exaltata ,

Linn.f., culmis crassioribus, vaginis foliorum valde tuberculato-

setulosis, racemis leviter compressis, et spiculae sessilis gluma inferiore

apice truncata satis distinguenda.

Gramen annuum. Culrni erecti, ad 1*5 m. alti, robusti, teretes,

sed internodiis facie folia epectante late canaliculatis vel applanatis,

superne ramosi, glabri, purpurascentes, nodis plus minusve appresse

pubescentibus. Foliorum vaginae teretes, striatae, setis deciduis basi

v alde tuberculatis dense indutae; ligulae brevissimae, truncatae,

glabrae ; laminae lineares, multi-plicatae vel planae, ad 55 (raro 70) cm.

longae, 4-19 mm. latae, ad apicem acutissimam sensim attenuatae,

glabrae, plus minusve purpurascentes, marginibus scabris, costa subtus

proniinente. Racemi solitarii, spiciformes, cylindrici, rigidiusculi,

leviter curvati et compressi, spiculis sessilibus stramineis exceptis

pallide virides, ad 13 cm. longi, 5 mm. diametro, glabri; articuli

'4*5 mm. longi, facie interiore concavi, interne complanati, apice

oxcavati, sectione triangulares, pedicello spiculae pedicellatae e basi

plus minusve alte lateraliter adnati; pedicelli articulis paulo breviores

l^tioies, complanati, facie interior*' leviter ooncevi. SpWMte

s essiles 5*5 mm. longae, callo brevi lato laevi incluso, elliptico-oblongae,

g »ibrae. Glumae 4*5 mm. longae, 2 mm. latae; inferior coriacea,

c r<issa, oHiptico-oblonga, truncata, leviter emarginata ad minute

ttiucronata, minute scabridula, usque 16-nervis ; superior cymbiformis,

Priori similis, carina superne anguste alata. Anthoecium inferius *,

ov Rtum, acutum, glabrum, hyalinum, 3-nerve, circiter 3*5 mm.

hy!^ nn ’ ^ mm * latum; palea oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, glabra,

su lr ^ a * ^" nerv ^ s > lemmati aequilonga, 1*5 mm. lata. Anthoecium

^ penu8 ^ ; lemma cymbiforme, hyalinum, uninerve, 3*5 mm. longum,

° nun, latum ; palea lanceolata, subacuta, hyalina, obscure 2-nervis,

m ati aequilonga, 1 • 3 mm. lata. Caryopsis rubro-brunnea, obionga,

wn. longa, 1 mm. lata. Spiculae pedicellatae sessilibus majores et

glii K c . orn Pressae, versus apicem racemi sensim magis imperfectae,

na ln feriore excepta spiculis sessilibus similes. Gluma inferior

ovato-lanceolata, acuta, membranacea, uno margine dimidium versus

medium reduplicato, 6-7 mm. longa, 2*8 mm. lata. Anthoecia

neutra vel partibus interioribus non evolutis valde imperfecta—

Rottboellia compressa , Vanderyst iu Bull. Agric. Congo Beige, vol. ix.

p. 236 (1918), non Linn. I

Tropical Africa. Belgian Congo : Kinshasa, Vanderyst , 6095 bis,

6407.

This grass was first described by Vanderyst as Rottboellia compressa ,

a name which had already been used by the younger Linnaeus for

another plant, Hemarthria compressa , (Linn.f.) R.Br. Although its

congener, R. exaltata , Linn.f., is a useful fodder grass, its own value

in this connection is not known. It is a much coarser grass than

R. exaltata , with an abundance of hispid hairs which Vanderyst

suggests may make it definitely dangerous for cattle.

Up to the present, it has been recorded only from the lower Kasai

region of the Belgian Congo and around Leopoldville. According to

Robyns, vernacular names for this grass in the neighbourhood of

Leopoldville are Toanga-Malag and Sembi-Boiki.—F. Ballard.

Fig. 1, upper part of a plant with flowering culms; 2, one of the larger lowor

leaves ; 3, a node ; 4, one of lowest nodes with stilt roots ; 5, part of a raceme ;

6, sessile spikelet in } back view, showing joint of rhachis; 7, lower glume from

within ; 8, upper glume from within; 9, lemma of lower floret from within;

10, palea of lower floret from within; 11, lemma of upper floret from within;

12, palea of upper floret from within ; 13, lower glume of pedicelled spikelet.

Figs. 1-4, yiatural size ; figs. 5-13, X 6.

Tabula 3140 .

CHAMAERAPHIS HORDE ACE A, R.Br.

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

C. hordeacea, R.Br. Prodr . Flor. Nov. Holl. p. 193 (1810); affinis

Pseudoraphi paradoxae , (R.Br.) Pilger, a qua pedicello spiculae ramulo

aristiformi adnato et ramulo cum spicula maturitate disarticulato

differt.

Gramen perenne e rhizomate horizontali glabro. Cuhni erecti, ad

60 cm. alti, graciles, nodis ipsis atque infra plus minusve pubescentes,

ceterum glabri, multinodes. Foliorum vaginae compressae, infimae

pubescentes, superiores glabrescentes; ligulae rotundato-truncatae,

scariosae ; laminae lineares, apice late rotundatae ad 10 cm. longae,

2-4 mm. latae, basi setis tuberculatis sparsis exceptis glabrae. Panicula

densa, spiciformis, ad 10 cm. longa (aristis inclusis), 6 mm. lata ; axis

valde complanatus, marginibus scabris ; ramuli distichi, sursum sensim

attenuati et aristam scabridulam formantes, ad 7-5 cm. longi, basi

spiculam singulam gerentes; pedicelli 3-4 mm. longi, deorsum attenuati

basi acutissimi, ramulo lateral iter adnati, plus minusve pubescentes.

Spiculae ambitu lineari-oblongae, 8-10 mm. longae, 1-1-5 mm. latae.

Glumae valde inaequales; inferior minuta, decidua, 0-5 mm. longa,

1*8 mm. lata, hyalina ; superior lanceolato-oblonga, apice anguste

truncata, carinis scaberulis, membranacea, 11-nervis, 8-10 mm. longa,

1-5-1-8 mm. lata. Anthoecium inferius <$; lemma glumae superiori

simile, ad 8 mm. longum, 1 -5 mm. latum, 11-nerve, apice obtusum vel

subacutum ; palea lanceolata, 2-nervis, tenuiter hyalina, ad 8 mm.

longa, 1 -3 mm. lata. Antherae 5-5 mm. longae. Anthoecium superius

pseudo-hermaphroditum, staminibus abortivis, ambitu lanceolato-

oblongum, acutum ; lemma et palea hyalina ; antherae vestigiales,

hlamentis longis, filiformibus, anthoecium superantibus. Setosa erecla ,

Ewart etCooksonin Ewart et Davies, Flor. North. Terr. p. 33, tt. 2, 3

(1917); S. hordeacea, Ewart in Proc. Roy. Soc. Viet. n.s. vol. xxxn.

P- 204 (1920).

Australia. Northern Territories: Islands in the Gulf of Carpen¬

taria (“ h ” and " 1 R. Brown , 6128 ; MacArthur River, G. F .

Hill, 705.

The present plant was the basis of Robert Brown s genus Chamae-

r uphis. Later on, Poiret extended the conception of the genus by

adding three more Australian plants which Brown had included in

Panicum. The spikelets in Chamaeraphis hordeacea occur singly on

the axis of a spikelike raceme, whereas in the added species the spikelets

are arranged in open panicles. Griffith, forty years later, proposed a

new genus, Pseudoraphis , for those species of Chamaeraphis which had

been added since Robert Brown’s day.

In 1917, Ewart and Cookson, who were evidently unacquainted with

the work of Robert Brown, redescribed Chamaer a phis hordeacea as

a new genus and species, Setosa erecta. Subsequently, Ewart made

the combination Setosa hordeacea (R.Br.), retaining the new generic

name because of the differences existing between the original plant

and the other species of Chamaer aphis (i.e. Pseudoraphis , Griff.).

Bentham, in his Flora Australiensis, did not accept Griffith’s genus,

which thus had become somewhat overlooked. It is clear that Ewart’s

amended name is invalid, since the plant concerned is the original

species of the genus Chamaer aphis, and Robert Brown’s original

generic name must therefore be retained for it.

One of the Australian species of Pseudoraphis , P. paradoxa , (R.Br.)

Pilger, bears a great resemblance to Chamaeraphis hordeacea , since the

panicle is a reduced one in which the individual branches bear only one

or two spikelets. In a number of cases the solitary spikelet is borne

low down on the branch near to its insertion, though there is never

any partial fusion between the pedicel and the branch as in

Chamaeraphis. The details of the spikelets are very similar in both

plants and it is apparent that the two are closely allied. Thus, the

Asiatic paniculate species of Pseudoraphis lead on quite naturally

by a process of reduction through the Australian P. paradoxa to

Chamaeraphis hordeacea.

The fusion of the pedicel with the base of the branch, though

incomplete, cannot logically be regarded as a further stage in this

reduction, whilst the disarticulation of the branch with the spikelet

attached, so that the former functions as an awn, can also scarcely

be connected with this retrogressive tendency. These two characters

are connected with a progressive specialization and result in the pro¬

duction of an “ awned ” spikelet of a peculiar kind. Such are the

grounds for treating Chamaeraphis as a monotypic genus. While it

is, in many ways, convenient thus to separate C. hordeacea from Pseudo -

raphis, Poiret's extended conception of Chamaeraphis might possibly

result in a more natural grouping.—F. Ballard.

Fig. 1, part of a tuft with flowering culms, natural size ; 2, disarticulated spike o

with attached “ awn,” X 2 ; 3, lower glume; 4, upper glume from within; 5, lemma

of male floret from within ; 6, palea of male floret with stamens enclosed ; 7,1 6 ** 1

of fertile floret from within ; 8, palea of fertile floret from within ; 9, fertile fl°^

with barren stamens cut off below ; 10, young fertile floret. Figs. 3-9, X y

fig. 10, X 20.

Tabula 3141.

SETARIA HAARERI, Stapf et Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

S. Haareri, Stapf et Hubbard in Pram , Flor. Trop. Afr. vol. ix. p. 834,

incd.; a S. longiseta , P. Beauv., habitu minore, laminis basi sagittatis,

spiculis majoribus differt.

Gramen perenne. Culmi erecti vel ascendentes, ad 1 m. alti, graciles,

scabridi et interdum infra inflorescentiam pubescentes, infra nodos

plus minusve pubescentes, ceterum glabri, 4-5-nodes, pedunculo ad

15 cm. longo. Foliorum vaginae compressae, glabrae vel leviter

pubescentes ; ligulae ad fimbriam ciliorum reductae ; laminae e basi

profunde sagittata lineares, lobis subulato-acuminatis ad 1 *8 cm. longis,

sensim attenuatae, apice longe et tenuiter setaceae, ad 30 cm. longae,

6-12 mm. latae, pubescentes, pilis basi paulo tuberculatis, marginibus

scabris. Panicula linearis ad lanceolato-oblonga, 15-25 cm. longa,

1*3-5 cm. lata ; axis striatus, sulcatus, scaberulus; ramuli solitarii

ad quaterni, suberecti, scaberuli, inferiores et intermedii 1*8-5 cm.

longi; spiculae omnes solitariae vel basi ramulorum in fasciculos

breviter pedunculatos trifloros dispositae ; rami et ramuli seta termi-

nati, praeterea seta nonnunquam spiculam subtendente ; setae graciles,

scaberulae, plerumque 0*6-1 *2 cm. longae ; pedicelli brevissimi, apice

dilatati. Spiculae ova to- ad elliptico-oblongae, subacutae vel hiantes,

a latere visae leviter obliquae, a dorso visae acutae vel apiculatae,

fere 3 mm. longae, 1*5 mm. latae, viridescentes vel purpurascentes.

Gluniae membranaceae, marginibus hyalinis; inferior late elliptico-

°blonga, obtusa et plerumque apiculata, fere 1*5 mm. longa, 5-6-nervis;

superior inferiori similis sed anthoecio superiori aequilonga, 7-8-nervis.

Anthoecium inferius ; lemma ambitu spiculae dorso visae simile,

°-7-nerve. Palea ovato-oblonga, lemmati aequilonga, carinis anguste

Hiarginatis. Antherae 2 mm. longae. Anthoecium superius ambitu

°vato-oblongum, acutum, mucronatum. Lemma et palea coriacea,

tenuiter transverse rugosa.

Tanganyika Territory. Pare District: Kiruru, 750 m., Haarer,

279. Moslii District: Arusha Chini, in shade, 750 m., Haarer ,

1188.

This species is a very distinct member of the section Panicatrix ,

being at once separable from its congeners by its pronouncedly sagittate

leaves. The spikelets also are larger and plumper than those of the

other members of the section.—F . Ballard.

Fig. 1, part of a plant with a flowering culm, natural size ; 2, a spikelet with

subtending bristle; 3, lower glume ; 4, upper glume ; 5, lemma of lower floret

seen from within ; 6, palea of lower floret seen from within ; 7 and 8, upper floret

seen from the back and in three-quarter profile. Figs. 2-8, X 10.

Tabula 3142.

ASTREBLA SQUARROSA, C. E. Hubbard.

Gkamineae. Tribus Chlorideae.

A. squarrosa, C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bull. 1928, p. 257 ; affinis

A. lappaceae , (Lindl.) Domin, sed foliis etuberculatis, racemis latiori-

bus, spiculis majoribus, lobis lemma turn inter se similibus tenuiter

acuminatis differt.

Qramen perenne, caespitosum, foliorum vaginis numerosis persistenti-

bus. Culrni e rhizomate brevi, primo erecti, deinde ascendentes,

glabri, plus minusve graciles, ad 1 - 5 m. alti, ad 7-nodes. Folia glabra ;

vaginae solidae, laeves; ligulae valde truncatae, ad 0*5 mm. longae,

ciliatae ; laminae lineares e basi angusta sensim attenuatae, acutissimae,

ad 40 cm. longae vel ultra, 3-6 mm. latae, laeves vel pagina superiore

et marginibus asperulae. Racemi solitarii, spiciformes, complanati,

7-18 cm. longi, cum setis 1*5-3 cm. lati. Rhachis 1-1*25 mm. lata,

dorso tenuiter striata, dense scaberula; pedicelii 1*5-2 *5 mm. longi,

appressi, dense scaberuli. Spiculae arete imbricatae, ovato-oblongae

ad late elliptico-oblongae, 8-11 mm. longae, 4-8 mm. latae (setis

exclusis), vel spicula infima ad 2*5 cm. longa. Gluma inferior lineari-

l&nceolata vel lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, 5-10 mm. longa (ilia

spiculae infimae excepta) glabra, 2-3-nervis. Gluma superior elliptico-

ovata vel elliptica, acuta vel acuminata, 6 -'5—11 mm. longa (ilia spiculae

infimae excepta), marginibus scariosis, 7-12-nervis. Anthoecia 6-9,

a *cte imbricata, sursum decrescentia, 3-4 infima perfecta, cetera

sterilia, su premum ad valvam integrand reductum. Lemma anthoecii

infimi 12-15 mm. longum, lobis exclusis late oblongo-ellipticum vel

ere quadra turn, 4 *5-6 *5 mm. longum, 4 *5-5 *5 mm. latum, 5-7-nerve,

dense et longe sericeo-villosum; lobi inter se similes, rigidi, tenaces,

a equilongi vel intermedius lateralibus longior, primo erecti, demum

r eflexi vel interdum uncinati; lobi late rales subulati, 5-8 mm. longi,

°bus intermedius e basi lata sensim angustatus apice setiformis,

'"10 mm. longus. Palea elliptica, acuminata, 6-7 mm. longa, carinis

dense ciliatis. Antherae 1-2*5 mm. longae. Caryopsis elliptica,

orsaliter compressa, 2*5-3 mm. longa, 1*6-2 mm. lata, brunnea.—

A- triticoides var. lappacea , Benth. FI. Austral, vol. vii. p. 603 (1878),

SUoad specim. et descr.; et A. lappacea , Domin in Biblioth. Bot.

Vo *- lxxxv. p. 372 (1915), quoad ic. et specim.; non Danthonia lappacea ,

Lindl. A. iriticoides , F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FI. p. 660 (1883) ? ;

Cat. Queensl. PI. p. 57 (1890) ? A. pectinata var. trilicoides, F. M.

Bailey in Queensl. Dept. Agric. Bot. Bull. no. xiii. p. 15 (1896).

Northern Australia. Sturt’s Creek and Hooker’s Creek, Mueller.

Queensland. Between Cloncurry and Camooweal, McKinlay

Ranges and Buckley River, June-Dee. 1889, Burton ; Muttaburra,

north of Longreach, April 1919, White ; Ififley Station, Gulliver ; Darr

River, near Longreach, Burgh-Bircli ; Longreach, April 1913, Bick

(type) ; Flinders River, Aug. 1926, White ; Georgetown, Green ;

Prairie, Raglan County, Chnsholm ; Suttor River, Mueller ; without

precise locality, Bowman.

New South Wales. Between Darling River and Cooper’s Creek,

Neilson.

The present grass is one of four species of an endemic Australian

genus, all of which, known as “ Mitchell Grasses,” form a dominant

feature of the drier parts of the continent. As a source of fodder they

are unrivalled, since their deep-rooting systems render them very

resistant to drought, while their growth after rain is particularly rapid.

Though not ranking as the best of these four grasses, our species is yet

highly prized in eastern Australia, particularly in Queensland, where

it is known as “ Bull or Wheat-eared Mitchell Grass.”

Its distribution, judging from the dried material in the Herbarium

at Kew, is restricted to areas in which the annual rainfall ranges from

10 to 20 inches, or rarely up to 30 inches.

The genus has been revised by C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bull. 1928,

p. 257, where more detailed information as to the somewhat complicated

synonymy of the species may be obtained.—F. Ballard.

Fig. 1, part of a tuft with a flowering culm, natural size ; 2, a spikelet, X 3 ;

3, an empty spikelet, x 3; 4, lower glume, X 3 ; 5, upper glume, X 3 ; 6, lowest

lemma seen from the back, X 3 ; 7, palea seen from within, X 3 ; 8, perfect flower,

X 6 ; 9 and 10, carvopsis in back and front view, X 6 ; 11, caryopsis in cross

section, X 6.

Tabula 3143.

RANDIA URANTHERA, C. E. C. Fischer.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Gardenieae.

R. ur anther a, C. E. C. Fischer in Kew Bull. 1929, p. 314; species

R. sootepensi , Craib, affinis, foliis floribusque majoribus, antheris

longioribus caudatis differt.

Arbor circiter 6 m. alta. Folia coriacea, lineari- vel elliptico-

lanceolata, longe acuminata, basi acuta, usque ad 18 cm. longa et

5*75 cm. lata, glabra ; petioli robusti, usque ad 1 cm. longi; stipulae

triangulares, acutae, 3 mm. longae. Pedunculi in axillis superioribus

fasciculati, brevissimi; flores apice pedunculorum sessiles, bini;

bracteolae 2, late ovatae, acutae. Receplaculum teres, usque ad

1 cm. longum, 3 mm. diametro. Calyx extra breviter appresso-

hirsutus, intus pilis appressis rigidis rufis dense indutus ; tubus 4-5 mm.

longus ; lobi triangulares, cuspidati, 2-5 mm. longi. Corolla glabra;

tubus 6-7 cm. longus, basi 2 mm. diametro, superne sensim dilatatus,

apicem versus abrupte infundibularis, fauce ultra 1 cm. diametro ;

lobi 5, oblongi, usque ad 2*5 cm. longi, 1*5 cm. lati. Antherae sub-

sessiles, 2-3 cm. longae, apice exsertae, basin versus in caudam acutam

sensim attenuatae. Ovarium apice applanatum; stylus filiformis;

stigma fusiforme, 1-2 cm. longum, semi-exsertum.

Burma. Tavoy : Ba Wa Forest Reserve, C. E. Parkinson , 8108

(Coll. Forester Ba Pe).

A handsome species. The stem is dark grey and the flowers, which

were found in February, are white and fragrant. It differs from

R. sootepensisy Craib, mainly by the longer corollas and the long-tailed

large anthers.—C. E. C. Fischer.

Fig. 1, twig in leaf and flower, X § ; 2, corolla opened out to show anthers and

8t yle, natural size ; 3, receptacle and calyx, X 1J ; 4, anther, lateral and ventral

aspects, x 2.

Tabula 3144.

SYMPLOCOS SUKOEI, C. E. C. Fischer .

Symplocaceae.

S. Sukoei, C. E. C. Fischer in Kew Bull . 1929, p. 315 ; species

S. Maingayi , Benth., affinis, ramulis et inflorescentia cinereo-puberulis,

foliis majoribus, corollis maturis extra fere glabris, tubo staminali

longiore diflert.

Arbor usque ad 22 m. alta. Folia elliptieo-oblonga vel elliptico-

obovata, basi attenuata, usque ad 19 cm. longa, 8 cm. lata, chartacea,

subtus costa nervisque minuta puberula, caeterum glabra. Cymae

axillares, pauciflorae ; rhachis usque ad 2 cm. longa, fuseo vel cinereo-

tomentosa; pedicclli brevissimi; bracteolae minutae, ensiformes,

cinereo-tomentosae. Receptaculum 3*4 mm. longum, cinereo-

tomentosum. Calyx camosus, extra cinereo-tomentosus ; tubus 2 mm.

longus; lobi 57 hemisphaerici, 1 mm. longi, cinereo-ciliati. Corolla

carnosa ; tubus cylindricus, usque ad 2-2 cm. longus ; lobi 5, ligulati,

usque ad 1-75 cm. longi. Tubus staminalis fauce corollae insertus,

cylindricus, 1 cm. longus ; antherae numerosae. Ovarium receptaculo

immersum, apice conicum breviter extrusum, dense cinereo-pilosum,

3 loculare ; stylus filiformis, tubum staminalem 2 # 5 mm. superans.

Burma. Mergui: Maliwun, Nalechaung, C . E. Parkinson , 7776

(Coll. Forester Sukoe).

The trunk is grey with white patches. The corolla is white and the

staminal tube yellow, the flowers are sweetly scented. The species

falls in the section Cordyloblastc. —C. E. C. Fischer.

Fio. 1, twig in leaf and flower, X f ; 2, flower, sectional view, X 1J * 3> stamina

tube, lower part cut away, X 6.

Tabula 3145.

COTONEASTER NITIDIFOLIA, Marqmnd.

Rosaceae. Subfamilia Pomoideae.

C. (Orthopetalum) nitidifolia, Marquand ; species nova ex affinitate

C. foveolatae , Rehd. et Wils., sed foliis supra glabris, in statu vivo

nitentibus, fructibus parvis globosis saturate rubris differt.

Frutex erectus. Rami annotini elongati, recti, patentes. Cortex

laevis, glabrescens, rubro-brunneus. Rami hornolini steriles terminates,

primum dense albo-tomentosi, mox glabri. Ramuli jloriferi plures,

laterales, breves, patentes vel penduli. Folia lanceolato-ovata,

a cuminata, basi cuneata, 4*5-6 cm. longa, 1*5-2 *5 cm. lata, tenues,

supra glabra, in statu vivo pernitentia, pallide virides, subtus parce

pubescentes; nervi laterales obliqui, utrinque circiter 6-8, supra,

u t costa, valde impressi; petioli 2-3 mm. longi, tomentosi. Stipulae

subulatae, ad 7 mm. longae, tomentosae, rubrae. Cymae parvae,

^-9-florae, primum albo-tomentosae ; pedunculi pedicellique breves ;

' j racteae subulatae, 3-4 mm. longae, pubescentes, rubrae. Flores

Penduli. Calyx 4 mm. diametro, tomentosus; lobi erecti, deltoidei,

ac uti, 2 mm. longi, 1*5-2 mm. lati. Petada erecta, subelliptica,

mm. longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata, basi cuneata, integra vel apice

sub-erosa, apice albescentia, basi rosea, utrinque glabra. Receptaculum

Vl * 2 mm. diametro. Stamina circiter 16, 2 mm. longa ; filamenta

uilata, inter se aequilonga, apice incurvata; antherae roseae.

. ar pidia 2, apice villosa ; styli 2 mm. longi. Fructus parvus, oblatus,

Cl rciter 5 mm. diametro, fusco-ruber. Pyrenae duae, lobis incurvatis

Cal ycis obtectae.

^ unnan. Flowering and fruiting specimens from the same shrub,

‘U tivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, October 1929 and

Ulle 19 30, Kew No. 526/1924, Forrest 24072 (seed no.).

Q^otoneasler nitidifolia is one of the most striking species of Sect.

' topetalum. It is in cultivation at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,

q e * e to was received in 1924 from Mr. J. C. Williams, of Caerhays

sent i ? ornwall > uru *er Forrest’s No. 24072, but that number is repre-

b y ? n Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,

an J^nature specimen of a species of Prunus y described in Mr.

res t 8 Eield Notes as a “ shrub of 12-20 ft. Flowers ? immature.

In open thickets by streams, Shweli-Salwin divide, lat. 25° N., long.

98° 50' E., alt. 9-10,000 ft. April 1924.” A specimen of Forrest’s

No. 24632, received from the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,

belongs to this species. It seems therefore not unlikely that the

numbers have been changed in horticulture. The collector’s note on

No. 24632 runs “ Shrub of 5-10 ft. Fruits crimson. In thickets by

streams on the Shweli-Salwin divide, 8-9000 ft. June 1924.”

C. nitidifolia fruited for the first time at Kew in 1929. The small

dark red fruits are rather sparingly produced and quite distinct from

those of C.foveolata, Rehd. & Wils., from which species it is also readily

separable by the very shining, pale, almost yellowish green upper

surface of the leaves.— C. Y. B. Marquand.

4 io. 1, portion of a branch of last year’s growth, with lateral flowering branch-

lets, natural size ; 2, a leaf, showing upper surface, natural size; 3, longitudinal

section of the flower, X 6 ; 4, fruit, X 6.

Tabula 3146 .

COTONEASTER COOPERI, Marqumd.

Rosaceae. Subfamilia Pomoideae.

C. (Chaenopetalum) Cooperi, Marquand ; species nova ex affinitate

C. qffinis, Lindl., a qua foliis angustioribus lanceolatis acuminatis,

inflorescentiis glabrescentibus, floribus minoribus, fructibus majoribus

turbinatis differt.

Frutex altus. Rami annotini elongati, arcuati, internodiis longis.

Cortex fusco-brunneus. Rami homotini steriles terminales et laterales,

primum albo-toraentosi, mox glabri. Ramuli homotini Jloriferi plures,

laterales, erecti vel patcntes. Folia elliptico-lanceolata, breviter

acuminata, basi cuneata, 5-7 cm. longa, 1*5-2 cm. lata, supra glabra,

R ubtus primum albo-tomentosa, mox glabrescentia, glauca, leviter

Papillosa; petioli 5-7 mm. longi, primum pubescentes. Stipuhe

8 ubulatae, 3-4 mm. longae, glabrae, rufescentes. Cymae multiflorae,

^*4 cm. diametro, primum parce pubescentes, mox glabrescentes;

Pedunculus elongatus ; pedicelli breves ; bracteae minutae, deciduae.

Flores parvi. Calyx 2-2*5 mm. diametro, glabrescens; lobi late

triangulares, acuti, vix 1 mm. longi. Pelala patentia, late ovata vel

^borbicularia, 2*5-3 mm. lata, integra, alba, intus pubescentia.

j ? ece ptaculum 1*5 mm. diametro. Stamina 16-20, vix 2 mm. longa ;

lamenta inter se aequilonga ; antherae pallide purpureae. Carpidia 2,

j^pice villosa ; styli 1 *5 mm. longi. Fructus tufrbinatus, 1 cm. longus,

^rm. diametro, atro-purpureus. Pyreime duae, 4-5 mm. longae, in

a pice fructus inter lobos incurvatos calycis conspicuae.

Bhutan. Flowering specimens, cultivated in Royal Botanic Gardens,

( ‘w May 1924, Cooper , 3311 (type) ; fruiting specira "

warden, Glasnevin, Oct. 1929, Cooper , 3311.

Botanic

oloneaster Cooperi is a rather handsome shrub, very distinct from

nea rest ally both in the inflorescence and the leaves. The barren

of^r? 8 muc h resemble a species of Salix. No wild specimens are known

jr °°per’s No. 3311, but a fruiting specimen of Cooper’s No. 3315 in

cerfcollected at Timpu, 8000 ft. alt., on Aug. 5, 1914,

ainly belongs to this species.

species has been in cultivation in this country for at least eight

years, the Kew plant having been received in 1922 from the Hon.

Vicary Gibbs, Aldenham House, Herts. It was soon recognised as a

new species, but publication was withheld until the fruit was known.

This was first produced at Glasnevin, whence specimens were received

in 1929 from Mr. Besant.—C. V. B. Marquand.

Fig. 1, end of a branch of last year’s growth, showing about one-half of the

flowering branchlets with the young terminal growth of the present year ; 2, mature

leaf from a plant in the fruiting stage ; 3, longitudinal section of the flower;

4, fruit, showing the incurved calyx-lobes not completely covering the apices of

the pyrenes. Figs. 1, 2, 4, natural size ; fig. 3, X 5.

Tabula 3147 .

VIOLA CORONIFERA, W. Becker.

Violaceae. Tribus Violeae.

V. coronifera, W. Becker in Kew Bull. 1928, p. 137 ; species inter

ceteras sect. Andinium , W. Becker, ob calcar longum valde distincta.

llerba perennis, rhizomate verticali crasso lignoso; caul is 7-9 cm.

altus, densissime praesertim inferne foliis vetustis siccatis nigrescentibus

foliatus, in medio 5-6 cm. latus, formarn clavatam vel ovoideam apice

rosularem praebens. Folia longe petiolata, circiter 2 cm. longa petiolis

inclusis, juniora dilute viridia ; lamina orbiculari-spathulata, circiter

5-6 mm. longa atque lata, margine albo-cartilagineo, apice sub¬

acuminata et in mucronulum albo-cartilagineum transiens, in petiolum

circiter 1-5 cm. longum subabrupte angustata; margo cartilagineus,

vix 0-5 mm. latus, nec denticulatus nec ciliatus, neque versus folii

apicem angustatus. Flores subconspicui, numerosi, 1*2 cm. lati,

laete flavi vel aurantiaci, apice plantae coronam formantes, folia

rosulata vix superantes. Sepala lanceolata, circiter 8 mm. longa,

trinervia, pallidissime viridia, margine hyalina. Pel ala 7-9 mm. longa ;

superiora oblique oblongo-obovata, unguiculata ; lateralia obovata,

apice subtruncata, basi distincte barbata ; petalum infimuin late

obcordatum, apice emarginatum, basi horreolum pollinis non pilosum

gerens, longe calcaratum; calcar circiter 1 cm. longum, deorsum

recurvatum, apice sulcatum. Stamina eciliata. Ovarium sub-

ovoideum; stylus basi vix geniculatus, clavatus, apice breviter

erecto-rostellatus et crista infundibuliformi tamen in fronte aperta

circumdatus.

Argentina. Lat. 38°-41° S., Cerro Colohuincul, between San

Martin do los Andes and Lago Huechulafquen, 2250 m., December

1026, II, F. Comber , 881 ; Vega Lolog, 840 m., December 1926, II. F.

Comber , 854.

Mr. Comber writes that this species grows in stones, gravel and

^and ; the specimens figured were found on a bare, windy, mountain

top.-—N. Y. Sandwith.

4 « 10 * w holo plant; 2, apical leaf-rosette and flowers ; 3, flower, lateral view ;

at i° W ^j °P° ne d at back, showing shape and insertion of petals; 5-7, ovary and

laf* i e ’ * ront ai *d back views ; 8, style-crest; 9-11, an anterior stamen, inner,

ra, l am * outer views. Figs. 1 and 2," natural size ; 3 and 4, X 2 ; 5-11, X 6.

Tabula 3148.

VIOLA ESCONDIDAENSIS, W. Becker .

Violaceae. Tribus Violeae.

V. escondidaensis, W. Becker in Kew Bull. 1928, p. 138 ; species

V. sacculus , Skottsb., affinis, indumento albido-hispido, foliis peduncu-

lisque longioribus distinguitur.

Herba perennis, pallide viridis, plus minusve dense albido-hispida ;

rhizoma subterraneum, ramosum, in caules circiter 8-10 cm. altos

suberectos subdense foliatos transiens. Folia superiora circiter 2 cm.

longa, inferiors sensim breviora, petiolo 1*5-2 mm. lato, turn lamina

a petiolo vix distinguenda elongato-spathulata atque apiculata 3-4 mm.

lata, integerrima, crassiuscuia, supra sublaevia atque glabrescentia,

subtus distincte saepe dense albido-hispida; stipulae non visae.

Flores versus apicem caulium axillares, longe pedunculati, teste lectore

pallide virides, violaceo-lineati; pedunculi ad 2 cm. longi, plus minusve

dense hispidi, basi infima brevissime bracteolati. Sepala oblongo-

lanceolata, 4-6 mm. longa, dense albido-hispida vel glabra, margine

hyalina. Petala omnia dense longitudinaliter nervata, nervis versus

apicem saepius ramosis ; superiora spathulata, 7 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata,

versus basim usque ad 3 mm. iatitudinem angustata, basi violaceo-

maculata ; lateralia late spathulata, 8 mm. longa, 7 mm. lata, versus

basim usque ad 2*5 mm. Iatitudinem angustata, basi pilis paucis

ornata ; petalum infimum calcari recurvo 3 mm. longo, elongato-

obcordatum, apice profunde emarginatum, violaceo-lineatum, versus

basim aurantiaco- atque flavo-maculatum et horreolum pollinis bifariam

longe et dense pilosum gerens. Stamina breviter pilosa ; connectivi

processus aurantiacus, basi dilatatus et hyalinus. Ovarium globuloso-

conoideum; stylus basi geniculatus, valde clavatus, apice derupte-

deplanatus et breviter acuteque rostellatus, lobulis binis angustis

retroversis subdivaricatis adhaerentibus munitus.

Argentina. Territory of Neuquen, lat. 38°-41° S., Valle Escondida,

1925-6, II. F. Comber , 241. — N. Y. Sandwith.

I 1 IQ. 1, whole plant except for base of rhizome, natural size ; 2, leaf ; 3, unopened

Mower with peduncle and bracteoles, lateral view ; 4, front view of flower ; 5, flower

M profile; 6-8, ovary and stylo; 9, top of style; 10-12, stamens, bigs. 2-5,

* * » 6-12, much enlarged.

Tabula 3149.

VIOLA HILLII, W. Becker .

Violaceae. Tribus Violeae.

V. Hillii, W . Becker in Kew Bull. 1928, p. 134 ; species ab omnibus

speciebus sect. Andinium , W. Becker, remota.

Herba perennis; rhizoma crassum, verticale, lignosum, circiter

10 cm. longum, circiter 5 mm. crassum, parte summa breviter 2-4-

partitum et reliquiis foliorum demortuorum obtectum ; rosulae parvae,

circiter 1-5 cm. latae, foliis erectis angustis formatae. Folia lineari-

oblonga, circiter 8 mm. longa, utrinque pilosula, crassiuscula, supra

subfoveolata ; lamina 4-5 mm. longa, circiter 1 mm. lata, insigne

4-5-repando-crenata ; stipulae rudimentariae. Flores flavi, vix 5 mm.

longi, breviter pedunculati, basi bracteolati; bracteolae oblongae,

subciliatac ; pedunculi retrorsum hispidi, circiter 6 mm. longi. Sepala

oblonga, acutiuscula, pilosula. Petala superiora atque lateralia

anguste oblonga, longe trinervia; petalum infimum obcordato-

triangulare, valde dilatatum, plane emarginatum, brevissime cal-

caratum. Ovarium globosum, distincte longinervium; stylus basi

distincte geniculatus, subhorizontaliter rostellatus, apice utrinque

lobulo rotundiusculo breviter stipitato ornatus.

Boundary of Peru and Bolivia. On red sandstone hills between

Moho and Vilque Chico, north-east of Lake Titicaca, 4050-4200 m.,

February 1903, A. W. Hill , 28.—N. Y. Sandwith.

.Fig, 1, whole plant; 2 and 3, leaf ; 4, flower, in side view, with peduncle and

racteoles ; 5, flower, front view ; 0, flower, J front view ; 7, anther, from within ;

» top of atylo ; ovary and style ; 10, peduncle with fruit. All enlarged, except 1,

™ch, is of natural size .

•l

"&V . *>Vwv\. & 'PfeXa. ZZ ( 2 3 ^i£2g) .

/3 4.61 ,f./-v faty'

Tabula 3150.

MAGALLANA PORIFOLIA, Cav.

Tropaeolaceae.

M. porifolia, Cav. /c. Descr. PL vol. iv. p. 51, t. 374 (1797); species

unica.

Herba perennis, glabra, radice carnosa, caulibus repentibus vel

scandentibus 1-3-pedalibus filiformibus gracillimis flexuosis atque con-

tortis. Folia alterna, peltato-digitata, 2-5-partita, laciniis linearibus

integerrimis gracillimis, apice acutis saepius falcatis, basi brevissime

connatis, vulgo 0*8-2 cm. longis, 0-5-1 *2 mm. latis, 1-3-nervis, sub

lente plus minusve dense poriferis; petiolus vulgo 2-4 cm. longus.

Flores axillares, solitarii, teste lectore luteo-virides; pedunculi 1*5-

2*5 cm. longi. Calyx bilabiatus, 5-lobus, lobis 2 anticis superioribus

^ere liberis, divaricatis, ellipticis, 5-6 mm. longis, 2-5 mm. latis, lobis

3 posticis in labium apice tridentatum coalitis, partibus liberis triangu-

laribus acutis circiter 2 mm. longis ad 2-5 mm. latis inferne in calcar

8 iccitate violascens ad 1 cm. longum sensim attenuatis. Petala 5,

laciniis calycinis alternantia; 3 antica, pedunculi tortione superiora,

U nguiculata, circiter 8 mm. longa, lamina obovato-elliptica ad 3 mm.

lata ; 2 postica anguste obovato-spathulata, paullo breviora. Stamina

j h ypogyna, ad 4 mm. longa, postica paullo breviora. Ovarium

glabrum, 1-5 mm. longum, latitudine vix 1 mm. superans, 3-loculare,

r dobulatum (unum nonnunquam abortivum) loculis dorso 3-alatis;

^ v ula in loculis solitaria, ab angulo interno apice pendula; stylus ad

. ttun. longus, apice trilobato-stigmatosus, lobis 2 anticis brevissimis

tnucronem crassiusculum rectum connatis, lobo postico patenti-

. lv aricato dimidium styli fere aequans. Fructus carpello unico evoluto,

j^igne late trialatus, alis venosis atque maculis siccitate violaceis

°tatis, cum alis ad 1-5 cm. longus, ad 1-2 cm. latus.

Argentina. Territory of Neuquen : Cerro Lotena, Zapala, 240 m.,

Au gust 1925, H. F. Comber , 39.

sa^!^ S ^ eres tl n g plant is widely spread over Patagonia, growing in

^ndy places, where it climbs over small bushes. Although the genus

as well described and figured by Cavanilles, Bentham and Hooker

ig ^lant. i. 274) were incredulous of the existence of any ally of the

° genus Tropaeolum with so curious a fruit, and seeing in the

figure a superficial resemblance to Tropaeolum pentaphyllum, Lam.,

they decided that Cavanilles had added a fruit from some totally

different plant to his drawing of a depauperate specimen of T. penta¬

phyllum. This erroneous and, in view of Cavanilles , reputation, un¬

justifiable conclusion was accepted by Buchenau in his monograph of

the Tropaeolaceae in Engler, Pflanzenreich, Abt. iv. 131: p. 30 (1902) ;

but in the meantime the genus Magalloma had been fully reinstated as

a very well-marked genus by Spegazzini in Plant. Nov. Nonn. Amer.

Austr. pp. 6-8 (1883). The specific epithet porifolia , referring to the

pores in the leaf-segments, has been repeatedly misspelt porrifolia,

“ leek-leaf.”—N. Y. Sandwith.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, ovary and style; 3, front view of flower;

4, stamen ; 5, flower in profile ; 6-8, fruit. Figs. 2-8 enlarged.

Tabula 3151.

DELPHINIUM ACUTILOBUM, Tut rill,

Ranunculaceae. Tribus Helleboreae.

D. acutilobum, Turrill in Kew Bull. 1929, p. 223 ; a D. Thirkeano ,

Boiss., petali lobis mediis divaricatim productis elongato-triangularibus

subacutis differt.

Herba erecta, caulibus rigidis divaricatim ramosissimis inferne

adpresse et breviter hirtis supeme patule denseque velutinis glandulosis,

ramulis ultimis unifloris plus minusve 2 cm. longis. Folia palmatim

tri- vel multipartita, adpresse puberula, laciniis linearibus vel oblanceo-

lato-linearibuB. Bracteae saepissime integrae, lanceolatae, acutae,

2-3 mm. longae, hispidulae ; bracteolae bracteis similes sed minores,

a flore remotae. Sepala abaxialia lateraliaque oblonga, apice rotundata,

7 mm. longa, 2-3 mm. lata, nervis 5-6 gracilibus viridibus hispidulis

instructa. Sepalum adaxiale saccatum, extra hirsutulum. “ Petalum ”

calcaratum 1*5 cm. longum, glabrum, quinquelobatum, calcaris apice

clavato circinato-revoluto ; lobus superior leviter retusus ; lobi medii

divaricatim producti, elongato-triangulares, subacuti; lobi inferiores

membranacei, elongato-rotundati. Stamina inaequalia, filamentis ob-

spathulatis leviter pubescentibus. Carpellum unicum, glabrum, vix

3 mm. longum, vix compressum. Folliculus subcompressus, oblongo-

obovoideus, basi attenuatus, apice abrupte rostratus, 1 • 1 cm. longus,

glaber, nitens. Semina squamis longiusculis distinctis densissime

obtecta.

N. Persia. Near Yam, Tabriz District, 21.8.1927, Gilliat-Smith ,

2086 ; Yam, mid-July 1928, Gilliat-Smith , 2365 ; .Yam, end of July

1928, Gilliat-Smith , 2388.

The Subgenus Consolida , “Tribus” Involuta, to which, following

Ihe classification of Huth in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. xx. p. 337 (1895),

j'bis species belongs, contains a small number of known species, all of

hem with an oriental distribution. The shape of the “ petal ” and the

Mature of the indumentum of the stem are the best diagnostic characters ;

t , e features distinguishing this plant from other species of the same

tribe ” have been described previously (Kew Bull. 1929, p. 223).

ff 9

<b • , 3 *.

Since the publication of the original description, additional material

has been received from Mr. Gilliat-Smith, and the technical characters,

confessedly rather “ critical,” suggested as sufficient to distinguish the

species from others of the “ tribe,” are well developed in the better

material collected in 1928. In addition the plant has been cultivated

from seed in the Herbarium Ground at Kew, and the characters have

been shown to be reproduced under conditions very different from

those of the Yam district. The plant does not flourish in the English

climate, and like many other N. Persian species is difficult to bring

to the flowering condition before the damp, cold, and fogs of autumn

damage or kill the specimens.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, upper portion of plant; 2, cauline leaf; 3, 4, flower, front and side

views ; 5, adaxial sepal; 6, lateral sepal from within ; 7, “ petal ” ; 8, stamen ;

9, carpel, longitudinal section ; 10, follicle ; 11, seed. Fig. 1, x f ; fig. 2, natural

size ; figs. 3-7, X 2 ; figs. 8 and 10, X 3 ; figs. 9 and 11, x 6.

Tabula 3152 .

DELPHINIUM MACEDONICUM, Haldcsy et Chanel.

Ranunculaceae. Tribus Helleboreae.

D. macedonicum, Haldcsy et Chanel in Oesterr. Bat. Zeitschr. vol. xli.

p. 374 (1891); et in Abd-ur-Rahman Nadji Effendi , Empire Ottoman

Geogr. Bot., Faits nouv. relatifs d la prov. Salonique, p. 8 (1892); a

D. olopetalo, Boiss., “ petalo ” elongato obscure trilobato differt.

Herba annua, usque ad 3 dm. alta, plus minusve ramosa, caulibus

ramisque adpresse pubescentibus. Folia multipartita, pubescentia vel

glabrescentia, 1 *5-2*7 cm. longa, laciniis linearibus acutis. Inflores-

centia 4-10 cm. longa, 3-9-flora ; bracteae inferiores tripartitae, superi¬

ors integrae, lineares ; pedicelli 1*3-3 cm. longi; bracteolae lineares,

acutae, 0*5-0 *9 mm. longae, a flore 1-5 mm. remotae. Sepala

caerulea, extus adpresse pubescentia ; sepala abaxialia lanceolata,

acuta, 1 *4 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata, interdum leviter inaequalia; lateralia

ovata, apice subrotundata, 1 *4 cm. longa, 8 mm. lata ; adaxiale 1 *3 cm.

longum, 4*5 mm. latum, calcari 1*6-2 cm. longo. “ Petalum 99 obscure

trilobatum, lobis lateralibus deorsum curvatis, 1 *2 cm. longum, 1*3 cm.

latum, caeruleo-violaceum. Stamina circiter 17 ; filamenta 4-6 nun.

longa, in parte inferior 2*5-4*5 mm. longa 1*5 mm. lata leviter

Pubescent© plana; antherae 1*25 mm. longae, luteae. Car'pellum

c ylindricum, 4*75 mm. longum, dense adpresse pubescente-strigosum ;

stylus in floribus vetustis elongatus. Fructus cylindricus, 1*3 cm.

l°ngus, adpresse strigosus. Semina oblique obconica, 1*3 mm. longa,

e Xacte lamellata.— D . holopetalum, Griseb. Spic. Flor. rumel. et bithyn.

v °l* i. p. 319 (1843). D . holopetalum, Huth in Engl. Bot. Jalirb.

y°l- xx. p. 381 (1895), partim. D. paphlagonicum , Ilut-h in Bull. Herb.

^°iss. vol. i. p. 328 (1893). D. armeniacum, Stapf ex Huth in Engl. Bot.

•lahrb. vol. xx. p. 380 (1895). Consolida olopetala , var. paphlagonica,

^ayek, Prodr. Elor. penins. Balcan. vol. i. p. 313 (1924). Consolida

cedonica , Soo in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. vol. lxxi. p. 245 (1922).

Tiir ace> Xanthie (Soune Mahalla), rocky hill slopes, 90 m., 11.7.1930,

Tedd, 476.

Anatolia. Soulouserai, in apricis, 1000 m., 4.8.1889, J . Bornmidler,

p Paphlagonia : Wilajet Kastambuli, Tassia, in montosis, 7.1892,

• Sintenis, 4547.

Armenia. Gumusehkane: Koesoedagh, 18.7.1889, P, Sintenis ,

1320 ; Sipikordagh, in declivibus, 30.7.1890, P. Sintenis , 3177.

This very beautiful species of larkspur has a complicated synonymy

the elucidation of which has been made more difficult by the absence

from Kew of the type of Delphinium macedonicum and of Frivaldsky’s

specimen referred to D. holopetalum by Grisebach and to D. olopetalum

and (later) to D. tomentosum by Boissier. Fortunately specimens

which must be accepted as types of D. olopetalum , Boiss., and D.

armeniacum , Stapf ex Huth, are preserved at Kew.

The botanical history of D. macedonicum is as follows. In 1841

Boissier’s description of D. olopetalum appeared. This was based on

a specimen of Aucher-Eloy’s 44 absque numero in Coll. Musaci Parisi-

ensis, cum D. tomentoso mixtum, e Persia probabiliter. ’ ’ A specimen in the

Kew Herbarium under Aucher-Elog , No. 77, agrees well with Boissier’s

description. The only locality given on the label is “ Persia.” It

should also be mentioned that Aucher-Elog, No. 77—referred by

Boissier (Flor. Or. vol. i. p. 80 : 1867) to D. oliganthum —is, indeed,

one of the types of this species. Since the Kew specimen of No. 77

is not D. oliganthum , as is evident from a comparison of it with the

original description and with Haussknecht’s Syrian material, which is

also quoted by Boissier, it would appear that at least two species were

distributed under this number. The supposed connection of the plant

here figured with D. olopetalum dates from a remark of Boissier attached

to the description of Aucher-Eloy's Persian material : 4k eandern

speciem in Macedonia a cl. Frivaldsky lectam sub nomine D. pubescent

habeo.”

In the first part of the Spic. Flor. rumel. et bithyn. p. 319 (1843),

Grisebach published a description of Frivaldsky’s plant under the name

D. holopetalum , Boiss. He notes, however, that the petal shape does

not agree with that given in Boissier's description (of Aucher-Eloy^

plant). Later, in Flor. Or. vol. i. p. 80 (1867), Boissier refers Frivaldsky ®

specimen to D. tomentosum , Auch. in Boiss. ex parte (i.e. so far as

Syrian plant is concerned). In 1891 (Bot. Zeitschr. vol. xli. p* 1

Charrel (Abd-ur-Rahman Nadji Effendi) published, as a 110n1 ^

nudum, Delphinium macedonicum , Halacsy et Charrel, with the reina

44 ab Aucher et Boissier cum planta asiatica confusum.” There c‘

be little doubt that the confusion referred to is that ^ IlV0 !^ 11 jg

Frivaldsky’s specimen mentioned above, and any possible dou

removed in a later publication, Empire Ottoman Geogr. Bot-,

nouv. relatifs a la prov. Salonique, p. 8 (1892), in which the ° ogurrl

appears: 44 Delphinium macedonicum Halacsy et Nadji, nec tornen ^

Boissier. Plante magnifique, bicolore, a fleurs unilaterales de . f e

haute elegance, confondue a tort par Boissier avec la plante asia 1 *

et, fide von Halacsy 1, differente. Kiel-tepe. 700 m.” The l ate

Wettstein of Vienna kindly sent on loan to Kew Nadji s s P ec * ft i

of D. macedonicum from Kiel-tepe. This agrees with Tedd s in ^^ OIlj

as figured here, except that the petals are, in the dried con

straw-coloured, tinged near the apex and sometimes also near the base

with blue violet, and the leaves more strongly pubescent.

We are thus able to trace back the connection between the name

D. macedonicum and Grisebach’s description of Frivaldsky s material,

and it is proposed that the name be applied in this sense. The remain¬

ing synonyms given above require no further comment.

The general shape of the u petal ” appears to be a well-fixed and

useful taxonomic character and is particularly valuable in separating

D. macedonicum from D. olopetalum. The only morphological features

which call for comment as showing a certain degree of fluctuation in

D. macedonicum , as the species is here accepted, are flower size and the

position of the bracteoles. The Asia Minor specimens have slightly

smaller flowers, including slightly shorter spurs, than those from Thrace

and Armenia. In Sintenis , No. 4547 (the type of D. paphlagonicwn ,

Huth), the bracteoles are, as Huth describes them, “ a flore paulum

remotis.” In the other specimens quoted they are situated on the

pedicel up to about 5 mm. below the calyx. However, in the Armenian

specimens there is sufficient fluctuation to include all the other variants

of this character. — W. B. Turrill.

Fia. 1, a small plant; 2a, 2b, leaves ; 3, flower, lateral view ; 4, lateral sepal,

inner surface ; Ga, 5b, abaxial sepals, inner surface ; 6, flower with abaxial and

lateral sepals removed ; 7, flower with perianth removed ; 8, stamen ; 9, young

fruit; 10, seed. Fig. 1, natural size ; figs. 2-7 and 9, X 2 ; Jigs. 8 and 10, X 6-

Tabula 3153 .

TAMARIX HAMPEANA, Boiss. et Hddr., var. AEGAEA, Turrill.

Tamaricaceae.

T. Hampeana, Boiss. et Heldr. in Boiss. Diagn. Ser. I, No. x. p. 8

(1849), var. aegaea, Turrill ; var. nov. floribus saepissime pentameris

vel liexameris, stylis plerumque 3-4 exceptis, bracteis e basi triangu-

lari- vel oblongo-lanceolata longe acuminatis distincta.

Frutex 2-2*5 in. altus, glaber. Caules teretes, cortice brunneo.

Folia vetusta sessilia, triangularia, acute et saepissime longe acuminata,

6 mm. longa, basi 4 mm. lata ; juniora adpresse imbricata vel leviter

patentia, lineari-lanceolata, acuta vel acuminata, basi saepe subcordata,

3-5 mm. longa, 0*5-1 mm. lata, glauco-viridia. Racemi secus ramos

hornotinos vel annotinos paniculam subspiciformem longam formantes,

multiflori, 2-5 cm. longi, pedunculis 0-3-0-7 cm. longis instructi;

bracteae e basi triangulari- vel oblongo-lanceolata longe acuminatae,

2*5-3 mm. longae, sessiles ; pedicelli 1-1*5 mm. longi. SepaJa 5

(vel 6), ovata, subobtusa, 1*5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, dorso viridia,

margine albo-membranacea crenulata. Petala 5-6 (vel rarissime 7),

alba, patula vel erecto-patula, elliptica vel oblonga, apice rotundata

vel leviter emarginata, basi saepe leviter cuneata, 2*5 mm. longa,

1*5-1*75 mm. lata. Stamina 5-9; filamenta gracilia, basi vix

dilatata, 4 mm. longa, in disco inserta id est mesodiscica ; antherae

ambitu ovatae, apiculatae, purpureo-rubrae. Ovarium elongato-

oonicum; styli 3-4 (rarissime 5), obovato-spathulati, 1 mm. longi,

omnes basi cohaerentes, interdum 2 plus minusve coaliti. Capsula

saepissime 4-valvis, 5 mm. longa. Semina oblongo-cylindrica, 0*7 mm.

longa, coma 3 mm. longa.

W. Thrace. Bouloustra (Bulustra), 1.6.30 (flowers and buds),

U. G. Tedd y 230A (type of variety). Also No. 230C, from eastern

shore of Lake Boru, sands at water’s edge, 6.6.1931 (fruits); No. 250,

from Buyuk Osmanli, 1.6.1930 (flowers and fruits).

The difficulties of a taxonomic study of the genus 7 amarix are greater

*han appear from published accounts, because of the lack of stability

the characters considered as diagnostic by most authors. Thus we

find that in some species the number of sepals, petals, stamens, and

styles frequently varies in the same raceme. The shape of the leaves

is easily modified by position and age. Even the disk characters have

been over-emphasized and in epilophicous species the degree of bi-lobing

fluctuates. The occurrence of the racemes on the present or past year s

wood is not always easy to determine, and does not appear always to be

constant, as in the species a variety of which is here described. Indeed,

in the material of our new variety it is difficult to say what is old and

what is new wood.

T. Hampeana was described by Boissier who quotes specimens from

Phalerum, collected by Spruner and Heldreich, and from “ Argolis ad

Astros ” collected by himself. In his Diagnoses it is placed in the

section Oligadenia , but in the Flora Orientalis (1867) this section is not

accepted and the species is placed in Sect. Vernales § 1. Anisandrae

(vol. i. p. 767), thus following the classification of Bunge (Tent. Gen.

Tamar., Dorpat, 1852). Bunge divides the species into three varieties

which he names a Phalerea , from Greece, (3 Marmorissae , from W. Asia

Minor, and y Syriaca from Syria. Boissier, in the Flora Orientalis,

makes T. syriaca a distinct species, and has two varieties (smyrnaea

and composita, both from Asia Minor, and the former doubtfully the

equivalent of Bunge’s var. marmorissae) in addition to the Greek type.

The next published account relevant to our subject is that of Nicdenzu

(Ind. Sect. Lyc. Reg. Hos. Brunsberg. 1895), who keeps T. syriaca

distinct and separates as two distinct species plants collected by Pickier

and Haussknecht in Greece and distributed as T. Hampeana. One of

the proposed species, T. phalerea , is reduced to T. Hampeana both by

Halacsy (Consp. Flor. Graec. vol. i. p. 563 : 1900) and by Hayek (Prodr.

Flor. penins. Balcan. vol. i. p. 520: 1925). The other, T . II aussknechtiana,

is the subject of a note by Halacsy (l.c. 564), who says the plant is

unknown to him, but is accepted as a species by Hayek (l.c. p. 52l)>

under the name T. Haussknechtii. After making a close study of the

excellent material available at Kew, I believe that T. Hampeana must

be accepted as a species in a sufficiently wide sense to include hot

T. phalerea and T. Hampeana as these plants are represented jv

specimens at Kew collected by Pichler and Haussknecht, and accept^ »

from localities and dates, as equivalent to the types of Niedenzu m ^

strict sense. How far varietal names should be used is a matter

immediate convenience or need. In addition to fluctuating characters,

it is obvious, from numerous dissections, that different combinatio

of characters with a probably genetic basis occur in plants both ro

Greece proper and from other Aegean countries. . * s

The var. aegaea is especially remarkable for the shape of the ’

whose broader base passes more or less abruptly or, sometimes, g ra

into a long tapering acumen, the whole bract exceeding in leng ^

axillary pedicel. The sepals, petals, and stamens, especially t e

vary in number, though most often they are pentamerous or hexamer^^

Boissier, in his original description of the species, gives the sepal ^ - lQ

as 4, the petal number as 4, and the stamen number as 6 to 8. ^

most often correct for specimens from Attica, but even in these ' I

are not absolutely constant in number. Bunge (l.c.) allows the same

range of variation in numbers of the floral parts within the species as

is recognized here.

In addition to the type material quoted above, a specimen collected,

according to the label, “in rivularibus ad Thessalonicam ” by

Adamovi6, vi. 1903, and preserved at Kew, has to be included in the

var. aegaea.

A factor in preventing the var. aegaea from being considered as a

species distinct from T. Hampeana is the presence in Tedd’s 1930

collection of specimens Nos. 230 and 230B, from Porto-Lagos, 21.4.30,

“ common on the edge of lagoon (brackish) and in marsh land of coastal

districts,” which are decidedly nearer to the original T. Hampeana than

the specimens accepted as syntypes of the new variety. Thus the

Porto-Lagos specimen has the racemes definitely arising on the old

wood, and the bracts are subobtuse and not long acuminate.—W. B.

Turrill.

Figs. 1, la, flowering branch, natural size; 2, vegetative portion of branch,

X 3 ; 2a, an unusually short inflorescence, X 3; 3, intermediate leaf, X 3 ;

4, calyx, x 4; 5, flower from above, X 4; 6, flower from the side, X 4; 7, androe-

cium (with parts of some stamens removed) and gynoecium, X 10; 8, fruit,

X 4; 9, seed, X 4; 10, bract, X 10.

Tabula 3154.

GENISTA TINCTORIA, L., var. VIRGATA, Koch.

Leguminosae. Tribus Genisteae.

G. tinctoria, L. Sp. PL p. 710 (1753), var. virgata, Koch in Rohlings

Deutschl. Flor. vol. v. p. 90 (1839); Hayek , Prodr . Flor. penins.

Balcan. vol. i. p. 914 (1926) ; a planta Linnaeanea statura majore,

panicula valde ramosa, foliis saepe majoribus latioribusque, stipulis

persistentibus differt.

Frutex inermis, erectus, usque ad 2 m. altus, valde ramosus, ramis

virgatis superne plus minusve adpresse vel subadpresse pilosis deinde

glabrescentibus longitud,inaliter striatis. Folia omnia spiralia ; laminae

semper simplices, lanceolatae, lanceolato-ellipticae, vel ellipticae,

apice acutae, subacutae, vel (in foliis latioribus) obtusae, basin versus

angustatae, 1-5-5 cm. longae, 0-4r-2-5 cm. latae, pagina utraque

leviter pilosae vel fere glabrae, nervis subproniinentibus ; petiolus

nullus ; basis persistens valde trinervis, 1-3 mm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata,

saepissime leviter pilosa ; stipulae persistentes, acuminato-subulatae,

fere spinescentes, 2-3 mm. longae. I njlorescentia paniculam magnam

pyraniidalem formans ; race mi laterales usque ad 26 versus ramorum

apices collocati, 7-13 cm. longi, 6-20-flori; racemus terminalis0*6-2 dm.

longus, 13-35-florus ; tlores in bractearum axillis solitarii, pedicello

1-2-5 mm. longo sufiulti; folia superiora in bracteas lineari-lanceolatas

acutas vel acuminatas pcdetentim minores gradatim transients;

bracteolae angustissime lineari-lanceolatae, 2 mm. longae, pedicelli

apice positae. Calyx 6 mm. longus, margine et hinc inde etiam in

superficie subpilosus, dentibus adaxialibus lanceolato-triangularibus

v alde divergentibus 3 mm. longis, tribus abaxialibus 2-75 mm. longis

augustioribus. Corolla flava; vexillum late ovatum, 1*5 cm.

l°ngum, 9 mm. latum, apice rotundatum concavum, basi subito con¬

tractual, glaberrimum ; alae 1-5 cm. longae, glabrae ; carina 1-5 cm.

l°nga, ad summum subsericca. Stamina 10, monadelphia ; antherae

® uiajores 2 vel fere 2 mm. longae, 5 alternae minores vix 1mm. longae,

^Danes minutissime apiculatae. Ovarium anguste cylindricum, 5 mm.

longum, glabrum; stylus cum stigmate capitato 7 mm. longus.

Tyumen 1-5-4 cm. longum, 4—6 mm. latum, glabrum, brunneum vel

*tro-brunneum. Semina compressa, ambitu elliptica, 3-5 mm. longa,

^*5 mm. lata, atro-brunnea.— Genistoides data , Moench, Meth. p. 133

(1794). Genista virgala, Willd. Berl. Baumz. ed. 2, p. 159 (1811), non

Lam. ; Bornmiiller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. lix. p. 462 (1925). G.

gracilis , Poir. Encycl. Suppl. vol. ii. p. 715 (1811). G. sibirica, Reichb.

Flor. Germ. Excurs. p. 519 (1832), non L. G. elata , Wender. in Linnaea,

vol. xv. Litt.-Ber. p. 100 (1841). G. elatior , Koch, Syn. ed. 2, p. 441

(1843) ; Boiss. Flor. Or. vol. ii. p. 44 (1872); Vel. Flor. Bulg. p. 122

(1891). G. anxantica , Griseb. Spic. Flor. rumel. et bithyn. vol. i. p. 3

(1843), non Ten. G. frutescens, Schloss. et Vuk. Syll. p. 124 (1857).

G. tinctoria , L., var. elatior , Reichb. Icon. vol. xxii. p. 22, t. 2088,

fig. Ill (1903) ; Stoy. et Stef, in Ann. archiv. Minist. de l’Agric. Bulg.

vol. iii. p. 13 (1922), et Flor. Bulg. vol. ii. p. 618 (1925). G. tinctoria ,

L., var. elata f Aschers. et Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. Flor. vol. vi. pars 2,

p. 261 (1907).

Bulgaria. Hills north of Varna, cultivated in the Herbarium

Ground, Kew, seeds collected by B. Gilliat-Smith in 1924, specimens

preserved as K. 82.

Genista tinctoria , in the broad sense in which it is accepted by most

modern authors, is both highly polymorphic and decidedly plastic.

With our present imperfect knowledge of this species, opinions as to

the classification of its variations are bound to differ. The plant here

figured and described is accepted as a variety and not as a species

because the series of herbarium specimens available indicate that the

differential characters are not associated in constant combinations, and

that the geographical distribution does not isolate groups of individuals,

with the character combinations given, from other varieties. More¬

over, it is doubtful if plants to w'hich the trivials virgata } elata , ot

elatior are respectively applied by modern authors are always equivalent.

The variety virgata appears to be spread in Central and South-Eastern

Europe, and to be particularly characteristic of the northern and central

parts of the Balkan Peninsula. Its most noteworthy features are the

tall, erect habit and numerous slender twigs—characters not weU

shown in many herbarium specimens. Experience of plants grow* 1

from seed collected in Eastern Bulgaria, and cultivated for five years

the Herbarium Ground at Kew, has also shown that habit and inheres

cence branching are modifiable to a certain extent under altere

environmental conditions. It is only specimens grown in go° a * £

and well spaced out which reach their maximum development both

stems and of panicles.

Attention should be called to two interesting morphological featur •

At Kew, within the series of about a dozen plants which have e _

grown to maturity, a considerable range of leaf-shape and size occ

In two or three of the plants such leaf differences occur, on du e _

shoots of the same individual, as to warrant the use of the term he

phylly ” when comparing the lanceolate leaves of some shoots wi . j

elliptic ones of others. The androecium shows another morpho Oj> ^

feature, which has been ignored by many authors, though hg ure

G. tinctoria by H. Muller (see Knuth, Handbook of Flower Pollination,

Engl, edit., vol. ii. p. 265 : 1908). The free parts of all the 10 filaments

are approximately equal in length, but the anthers are of two distinct

sizes. Five are smaller, ovate in outline, and alternating in position

with five which are twice their length and oblong-linear in outline.

Both kinds of anthers carry pollen-grains which appear to be viable.

The different sizes of the anthers are easily seen both before and after

the shedding of the pollen. Bentham and Hooker, Gen. PI. vol. i.

p. 439 (1865), refer to the character of the alternate stamens having

larger anthers in their description of the tribe.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, x f ; 2, one of the lower leaves, natural

size ; 3, flower, lateral view, x 2; 4, vexillum, X 2; 5, one of the alae, X 2;

6, carina, opened out, X 2; 7, androecium with pistil inside, X 4; 8, legume,

natural size ; 9, seed, X 2.

Tabula 3155.

COTYLEDON LASSITHIENSIS, Hayek.

Crassulaceae.

C. lassithiensis, Hayek , Prodr. Flor. penins. Balcan. vol. i. p. 632

(1925); a C. pendulino , Batt., bracteis argute serratis differt.

Herba erecta, 3*5 dm. alta, glabra. Caulis floriferus teres, 3 mm.

diametro basi (vel radice ?) carnosa valde tuberosa. Folia basalia 4 ;

lamina orbiculata, cordata, 6*5-8 cm. diametro, breviter grosse

crenata ; petiolus 1-1 * 1 dm. longus ; folia caulina 3, remota, truncata,

petiolo 1-2 cm. longo instructa. Racemus 1 dm. longus, floribus

50-60 praeditus ; bracteae inferiores ovato-lanceolatae, mediae et

superiores lanceolatae circiter 1*1 cm. longae, omnes pedicellis alte

adnatae argute serratae ; pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi. Sepala lanceolata,

acuminata, 4 mm. longa, 1*5 mm. lata. Corolla cylindrico-tubulosa,

1-1 • 1 cm. longa, lutescens, ad medium fissa, lobis lanceolatis acuminatis

5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis. Stamina longiora 4*5 mm., breviora 2 mm.

l°nga. Carpella anguste cylindrica, ovario 7 mm. longo, stylo 2 mm.

tongo, stigmate capitato.— Umbilicus lassithiensis , Gandoger, Flor.

^et. p. 40 (1916).

Crete. Lassithi: ad rupes et muros coenobii Kronstallenia,

Gandoger, 2093 ; in praeruptis ad Hagios Constantinos, Gandoger , 2309 ;

^ontium Aloida, Gandoger , 2386 ; Lazaro, Gandoger , 2683.

Thrace. Atmadjali, among moss on rock face, 150 m., 21.5.30,

0. Tedd, 320.

. _ specimen figured is the last of those quoted above, and has been

Identified from description only. Since Gandoger’s original description

somewhat meagre and Hayek (l.c.) does not say that he has seen the

ypo material, it is advisable to state that the description of our plant

Agrees with those published by Gandoger and Hayek in such impor-

ant c haracters as the leaf shape, long dense raceme, lobing of the

orolla, and above all in the shape and acute serration of the bracts.

Th° ^ rase U flores subsessiles ” can, however, only be applied to the

rj-acian specimen in a relative sense.

ly, , 111 a> IClallVC £5CUOC.

he interesting geographical distribution which follows

ontatively accepted is similar to that known for

for the species

other plants.

Gandoger’s material, as the trivial given by him indicates, came from

the Lassithi Mountains in eastern Crete.

The present writer (Plant-Life of the Balkan Peninsula, pp. 330-337 :

1929) has given many examples of plants whose distribution “ jumps

the Aegean ” from Crete to Thrace. It is stated that the list given

“ is sufficient to prove the existence of a route or routes of dispersal

resulting in a north and south distribution, which, it must be noted, is

not continued south to or from the African continent.” The now dis¬

continuous distribution of Cotyledon lassithiensis } and of many other

species, across the Aegean—north and south, or east and west—is well

explained as a relict “ of a more continuous distribution when the

Aegean was a land area/’

Taxonomically C. lassithiensis seems quite distinct from its allies.

The acutely serrated bracts distinguish it from C. Umbilicus-veneris ,

L., and C. horizontalis , Guss., C. intermedins , (Boiss.) Stefanoff, and

C. pendulinus , (DC.) Batt. Hayek’s key-character “ corolla calyce

4-5-plo longior” is an exaggeration so far as our material is concerned.

The vexed question whether or not the genus Cotyledon , L., should be

split into Cotyledon sensu stricto, Umbilicus , Rosularia , etc., cannot be

discussed here, and it must suffice to say that, for those who accept

Umbilicus as a valid genus, the correct name of C . lassithiensis is

Umbilicus lassithiensis , Gandoger.— W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, lower part of plant, X §; 2, inflorescence, X if; 3, flower and subtending

bract, X 3; 4, gynoecium, X 3 ; 5, corolla, laid open, showing stamens, X 3.

Tabula 3156.

ONOPORDON TAURICUM, WiUd.

Compositae. Tribus Cynareae.

0. tauricum, Willd. Sp. PI. vol. iii. p. 1687 (1804); Boiss. Flor. Or.

vol. iii. p. 559 (1875); Rouy , Revision du Genre Onopordon , p. 14, t. xiii.

(1896); ab 0. eriocephalo , Rouy, capitulis majoribus glabrescentibus

glandulosis, involucri phyllis inaequalibus spinoso-acuminatis distin-

guitur.

Herba biennis, viridis, usque ad 2*5 ra. alta. Caules erecti, valde

r amosi, glanduloso-viscidi, 2-3 alis 0*5-1 *5 cm. longis lobatis spinosis

niarginati. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, grosse et irregulariter lobata,

margine spinosa, apice gradatim acuminato-spinosa, costa valde pro mi-

nente, nervis lateralibus marginem versus anastomosantibus in pagina

®Uperiore vix conspicuis in inferiore prorninentibus. Capitula globosa,

5-7 cm. diametro ; involucri phylla inaequalia, virentia vel purpura-

®centia dense glanduloso-viscida, foliis superioribus in phylla externa

lariceolata spinoso-acuminata plus minusve gradatim transientibus ;

Phylla media 2*5 cm. longa, 4 mm. lata, externa ultimo reflexa. vel

P&tenti-reflexa. Flosculi numerosissimi, involucri phyllis longiores.

V°rolla 2*7 cm. longa, glabra, purpurea, tubi parte angustata inferiore

j 5 cm. longa, lobis linearibus 5 mm. longis. Antherae circiter 1 cm.

*°ngae, appendice terminali subulata 1*5 mm. longa. Cypselae com-

P^esso-tetragonae, ambitu oblanceolatae, 5 mm. longae, 2*75 mm.

^tae, atro-brunneao, transverse nigosae ; pappus caducus, albo-fulvus,

^fens, 1 cm. longus, setis scabris in annulum concretis.— 0. datum ,

k l 5th. et Sm. Prodr. vol. ii. p. 156 (1813), et Flor. Graec. vol. ix. t. 833

U837). o. virensy DC. Flor. Fr. vol. v. p. 456 (1815).

^garu. Grown in the Herbarium Ground, Kew, from seeds

fleeted on the hills north of Varna, 9.8.26, by B. GilluU-Smith and

• B. Turrill. Flowered at Kew, 31.7.28 and 3.10.28.

. ^he specimen figured in our plate is from one of a considerable number

o Ph*ts grown in the Herbarium Ground at Kew from seed collected

culf- immediately north of Varna in eastern Bulgaria. Under

in 1Va ^ on this thistle grows much taller and more luxuriantly than

*et^ H n . a ^ ura ^ habitats in Bulgaria, but always, in our experience,

aina its biennial habit and produces abundance of good seed.

As its trivial suggests, the species was first described from Crimean

specimens. It is now known to have a wide distribution through

Italy, South and Central Russia, Slavonia, Crete, Greece, the Cyclades,

Macedonia, Thrace, Serbia, Bulgaria, Dobruja, Roumania, Bosnia,

N. Asia Minor, and Chios. Its occurrence in the western Mediterranean

as a native plant is doubtful. It is naturalized in southern France and

is recorded by some authors for Aragon, though the records from Spain

are probably due entirely to the acceptance of 0. corymbosum , Willk.,

and 0. humile, Loscos, as synonyms, varieties, or subspecies of

O. tauricum (see, for example, Rouy, l.c.). Boissier, and following

him Rouy, makes two varieties in addition to the type. It is doubtful

if these are more than habitat forms.—W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, upper part of plant, X £ ; 2, leaf, natural size ; 3, inflorescence, natural

size ; 4, flower (except ovary), X 2 ; 5, androecium, spread open, X 4 ; 6, pollen

grain, much enlarged ; 7, pappus, X 2 ; 8, cypselas, X 2.

Tabula 3157.

SIDERITIS SCARDICA, Griseb.

Labiatae. Tribus Stachydeae.

S. scardica, Griseb. Spic. Flor. rumel. et bithyn. vol. ii. p. 144 (1844);

Boiss. Flor. Or. vol. iv. p. 710 (1879); Wettstein in Bibl. Bot. Heft 26,

p. 85 (1892); Halacsy , Consp. Flor. Graec. vol. ii. p. 498 (1902);

Stoyanoff iStefanqff ', Flor. na Balg. vol. ii. p. 933 (1925); HayeJc , Prodr.

Flor. penins. Balcan. vol. ii. p. 257 (1929); species a S. euboea , Heldr.,

foliis bracteisque longioribus, spica latiore facile distinguenda.

Ilerba perennis, basi suffruticosa, dense albo-lanata. Caulis usque

a d 4 dm. altus, interne sublignosus dense foliosus, simplex vel leviter

ta ttiosus. Folia caulina oblongo-linearia, apice obtusa, brevissime

^ucronulata, 7-12 mm. lata, inferiora, 7 *5-8 *5 cm. longa basi in

Petiolum 3-4 cm. longum angustata, superiora sessilia 3 *5-4 *5 cm.

! 0n ga, margine integerrima vel leviter crenata. Verticillastri 4—10-flori

JJ* 8picam breviter cylindricam densam usque ad 1*4 dm. longam

£"3 cm. diametro congesti, interdum 1-2 infimi 1-3 cm. remoti;

ktacteae late cordato-ovatae, gTadatim attenuatae, patentes vel leviter

r ecurvae, pallide virides, reticulato-venosae, pubescentes et glandulosae,

Margine longe sericeo-ciliatae. Calyx tubulosus, 9 mm. longus, longe

J^iceo-pubescens, dentibus 5 fere aequalibus lanceolatis acutis

, 3 *5 mm. longis. Corolla flava, extus sericeo-pubescens, 1*3-1 *5 cm.

? n ga, tubo sursum gradatim ampliato ima basi 1*75 mm. fauce 5 mm.

parnetro, labio superiore vix 2 mm. bifido, inferiore leviter trilobo,

j i® subaequalibus. Stamina inclusa, longiora 3 mm. breviora 2 mm.

0ll ga. Stylus 4 mm. longus, ramis stigmaticis inaequalibus truncatis

5 et 0-75 mm. longis inclusis, ramo inferiore dilatato superiorem

^plectente.— S.Jlorida , Boiss. et Heldr. in Boiss. Diagn. Ser. II. vol. iv.

P * 3 1 (1859); Heldr. Nutzpfl. p. 34 (1862).

j. Thessaly. M. Olympi Thessal. reg. sylvat. pr. coenobium Hag.

rJ°*yaii, 20-23.7.1851, Heldreich , 2517 ; in reg. infer, m. Olympi

aessaliae, 1230 m., 7-8.1857, Orphanides, 539 ; Mt. Olympus, Hag.

Ol 10l *ysius, 30.7.1891, Sintenis et Bornmueller , 1429 ; in subalpims mt.

y yrapus, 7.1905, Adamovii ; in monte Olympo Thessaliae, in valle

1 7*10 u j^ ra ^ aum S piii a usque, substrato calceo, 1100-1500 m.,

7 ] f ’ Dibowski. In regione media mb. Pelion supra urbem Volo,

•1893, Leonis (var. pelia Hal.).

Macedonia. In Scardo : pratis montanis m. Ljubatrin sparsim

in angusta regione alt. 920 m. Grisebach.

Thrace. Near Xanthie, Tedd, 64 ; Tchal Dagh, 25.6.31, 700 m.,

rocky treeless slopes, north-east side of the mountain, Tedd, 691.

Bulgaria. Mt. Pirin (sensu lato), sold in packets for tea in Sofia.

In addition to the specimens (all in the Herbarium at Kew) quoted

above, the species has been recorded from Mt. Ossa and Godaman in

Thessaly, from Mirftevica Planina, 6 eganska Planina, Batecina, Huma,

Dobro Pole, CauSovo, prope Ueskub and Jakupica in Macedonia, from

Korab in Albania, and from Ali-Botu5, the Central Rhodopes, and the

Belasitsa (as var. pelia) in Bulgaria.

In the countries around the Aegean Sea there is a group of species of

Sideritis all of which are closely related one to another. These include

the plant here figured, S. euboea , Heldr. [known only from the upper

region of Mt. Dirphys (Delphi) and Mt. Xerovuni in the island of

Euboea], S. syriaca , L. (from Crete), S. Roeseri , Boiss. et Heldr. (from

Greece, Thessaly, Epirus and Albania), S. theezans , Boiss. et Heldr.

(from Greece), S. taurica , M. Bieb. (from Asia Minor eastwards to the

Caucasus and Crimea), and S. sipylea , Boiss. (from Asia Minor). These

together with S. sicula , Ucria (from Italy and Sicily), may well furnish

another example of hamagenesis (vide Turrill, Plant-Life of the Balkan

Peninsula, p. 361: 1929).

Sideritis scardica is collected in considerable quantity in Bulgarian

Macedonia and used for making an infusion which is drunk as “ tea.

The dried inflorescences are sold in packets in Sofia under the name

“ Pirinski tchaj,” i.e. “ Pirin tea.” Markgraf (In Albaniens Bergen*

p. 40 : 1930) records a similar use for this species, and for S. Roeserh

Boiss. et Heldr., under the Albanian names $aj malet (“ mountain tea )

or 9 a] shqyptare (“ Albanian tea ”). Heldreich (l.c.) refers to

species (under the name S.Jlorida) and to other species of the group *

yielding material for tea-making. The best results are obtained

Pirin tea when the dried inflorescences are boiled in four or five ti

their bulk of water for about fifteen minutes. The yellow-brown 1 ( l l ^

is then decanted and drunk hot, preferably without the addition

m i lk . from

The variety pelia , from Mt. Pelion and (according to Urumoi ) ^

the Belasitsa, is rather a distinct-looking plant and may prove w0 ^ c ^’ a

specific rank when more material is available for examination.

plant, No. 64, has bracts not or scarcely longer than the flowers. ^ er

is probably an abnormal state due to late-flowering or s°m

cause.— \V. B. Turrill.

X 2 J

Figs. 1,1a, lower and upper parts of flowering shoot, natural size ; ™ Jj^^jal

3, flower, X 2 ; 4, flower, laid open, X 2 ; 5, a, b, c, lateral, adaxia

views respectively of stigma, X 18.

Tabula 3158.

NEOCHEIROPTERIS WALTONI, Ching.

POLYPODIACEAE.

N. Waltoni, Ching ; species nova, affinis N. palmatopedatae y (Baker)

Christ, a qua statura minore frondibusque hastato-trilobis difiert.

Rhizoma late repens validum pennae anserinae crassitie, nigrum,

squamis clathratis nigris versus apicem patulis ceterum subimbricatis

denticulatis e basi latissima lanceolatis longe acuminatis densissime

vestitum. Folia seriata, sparsa vel subfasciculata, stipite nudo tenui

flexuoso pallide stramineo anguloso 4-6 cm. longo basi vix 1 mm.

diametro ; lamina 4-7 cm. longa, basi 2-3 cm. lata, ambitu hastata,

3- vel rarissime 5-lobata, lobo centrali 3-6 cm. longo 5-8 mm. lato

lanceolato apice rotundato vel obtuso, duobus lateralibus multo brevi-

oribus fere erectis basi dilatato-cordatis, margine plus minusve leviter

lepando-undulato, costa principali subtus prominente supra inconspicua,

ftonnunquam leviter impressa, nervis occultis sed luce transeunte dis-

tinctis abunde anastomosantibus, areolis inter costam et marginem

2-3-seriatis plus minusve pentagonis nervulos clavatos liberos indivisos

Vel raro furcatos plerumque costam spectantes includentibus, tcxtura

Wbacea, utraque pagina pallide viridi, pagina superiore glaberrima

inferiore in planta juvenili paleis iis rhizomatis sed minoribus

°Uspidatisque laxe obtecta. Sori magni, superficiales, costales, basales

^ajores suboblongi, supremi rotundati, plerumque sese tangentes,

brunnei, juveniles paleis peltatis nigris tecti. Sporangia longe pedun-

Cl *lata, globosa, annulo brunneo latissimo completo .—Polypodium

hastatum, Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. vol. xxxv. p. 206 (1902),

Thunb. Polypodium clathratum, var. lobatum, Takeda in Notes Roy.

^°t. Gard. Edinb. vol. viii. p. 282 (1915).

Tibet. Kyichu Valley, 15 miles east of Lhasa, August

~ a pt . H. J. Walton (type). Lhasa, 3450 m., 18 Sept. 1904,

L > 0. Waddell

A critical examination of the material now at hand shows at once

proper systematic position of the present species. The genus

A e ocheiropteris y Christ, has hitherto been regarded as a monotypic one.

represented by N. palmatopedata from Yunnan, lately known also from

West Szechwan and Kweichow. The new species differs from its relative

chiefly by its decidedly smaller dimensions and hastately trilobed

frond.—R. C. Ching.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, ramentum from rhizome, X 27 ; 3, part of a frond,

showing venation, X 3 ; 4, part of lower surface of a frond, with sori, X 3;

5, sporangia, much enlarged ; 6, spore, much enlarged .

Tabula 3159.

SLOANEA ELEG-ANS, Chun .

Elaeocarpaceae. Tribus Elaeocarpeae.

S. elegans, Chun ; species nova affinis S. dasycarpae , (Benth.) Hemsl.,

quae foliis multo majoribus oblongis coriaceis serratis valde venosis,

floribus majoribus sepal is orbicularibus, capsulis majoribus valvis

crassioribus distinguitur; affinis etiam S. Chingii, Hu, cujus tamen

capsulae in pedunculo communi umbellatim sunt dispositae.

Arbor 7-8 m. alta. Innovationes dense pubescentes, cito glabrae.

Gemmae dense sericeo-pilosae, pallide fulvae. Ramuli graciles, leviter

angulati, cinereo-brunnei, pilis brevibus pallidis patulis plus minusve

pubescentes. Folia decidua, petiolata, lanceolata, oblanceolata vel

^liptico-lanceolata, in basin acutam vel subobtusam longe attenuata

j 11 apice graciliter longe vel breviter acuminata, raro acuta, 6-11 cm.

° n ga, l-5-3 # cm. lata, margine integro subirregulariter undulato,

c uartacea, utraque pagina statu juniore minute puberula, cito glabra

Pdis caespitosis in venarum axillis subtus nonnunquam persistentibus

? x ceptis, pagina superiore surde viridi costa immersa venis lateralibus

ffidistinctis, pagina inferiore pallide viridi, costa venisque lateralibus

^acilibus sed conspicuis, venis lateralibus 7-8 irregularibus adscendent-

ffius anastomosantibus sparse reticulatis ; petiolus gracilis, subteres,

^pice leviter dilatatus, 1-2 cm. longus, plus minusve sordide puberulus.

e dunculi in ramis hornotinis orti, in axillis foliorum inferiorum

®°htarii, 2-5-4 cm. longi, graciles, teretes, adscendenti-patentes, recti,

°rdide puberuli. Flores 1 -8-2 cm. diametro. Sepala 5, ovata usque

^ toideo-ovata, acuta, 4-5 mm. longa, 3-4 mm. lata, utraque pagina

j 6 uuiter sericeo-pubescentia. Petala 5, leviter imbricata, 19-12 mm.

ouga, latitudine valde inaequalia, oblique cuneata, apice truncata

*°, 8a vel in lobos lineari-oblongos irregulariter lacerata, utraque pagina

P berula, longitudinaliter 8-14-nervia. Stamina pernumerosa (cir-

Pat r con ^ er ^ a > 6-7 mm. longa, interiora subbreviora, pilis brevibus

ter 61 ^* 18 s P arse strigosa ; antherae 2-5 mm. longae, introrsae, rimis

ae Itlln . a ^^ )U8 dehiscentes, apice prominenter apiculatae, thecis subin-

5 ^ Ua ^^ u s ; filamenta 3-5-4-5 mm. longa, filiformia. Discus circiter

Pub ? ( ^ ame ^ ro > lenticulari-discoideus, dense minute foveolatus, obscure

eru lufi. Ov&rium circiter 3 mm. altum, conico-ovoideum, dense

°“8ericeo-pilosum; stylus exsertus, subulatus, circiter 6 mm.

longus, basin versus hispidulus, superne glaber ; stigma minutum,

punctiforme. Capsulae solitariae, pedunculis gracilibus plus minusve

puberulis 2*5-4 cm. longis ovoideo-globosae, circiter 1*8 cm. longae

ac paullo minus diametro, 4-5-valves, valvis styli fissi residuo, saepe

coronatis, tenuiter lignosis, intus pallide fulgido-luteis, margine pur-

pureo-rubris, extra spinis brevibus mollibus barbellatis circiter 2 mm.

longis facile deciduis dense vestitis. Semina in quaque capsula 1-3,

ellipsoidea, circiter 12 mm. longa et 6 mm. lata, nitide purpureo-nigra,

tribus partibus arillo tenui carnoso aurantiaco-miniato inclusis.—

W. Y. Chun.

South China. Kwangtung : Kook Kiang District, Lung-Tou Shan,

roadside near temple, tree 8 m. high, in flower, 3 April 1930, Ko , 50302

(type) ; same locality, at edge of wood, side of ravine, tree 7 m. high,

in fruit, 1 Sept. 1930, Ko , 50796.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, with young leaves, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower surface,

natural size; 3, flower, X 2 ; 4, flower, with perianth and half of the stamens

removed, showing pistil, X 2 ; 5, stamen, X 6 ; 6, capsule, after dehiscence, X 2 ;

7, bristle from capsule, X 15; 8, seed, with aril, X 2.

Tabula 3160.

ACER SYCOPSEOIDES, Chun.

Aceraceae.

A. sycopseoides, Chun ; species nova ab omnibus speciebus adhuc

descriptis remota.

Arbor 6 m. alta. Cortex cinereo-albus. Ramuli teretes, dense fulvo-

tomentosi, annotini glabri vel glabrescentes purpureo-brunnei; ramuli

Vetustiores sparse minute lenticellati. Folia persistentia, etiam novella

jam coriacea, longi- vel brevi-petiolata, 3-nervia, 5-8 cm. longa, 2 • 5-4 cm.

lata, ovata, oblongo-ovata vel obovata, basi rotundata, apice obtuse

acuminata, margine valde revoluta integra vel supra laminae medium

Utrinque lobulo unico angulari obtuso praedita in quern solet excurrere

v ena lateralis basalis, pagina superiore statu juniore plus minusve

tomentosa demum glabra, surde viridia, statu vivo subbullata, siccitate

minute dense reticulata, pagina inferiore glauca, minute foveolata, dense

sericeo-puberula, secundum venas longe sericeo-pilosa ; costa venaeque

laterales graciles, supra impressae, subtus prominentes, a petiolo robusto

Paullo supra basin laminae abrupte discedentes, venis secundariis

Sracilibus brevibus indistinctis, paribus 2 vel 3 superioribus prope

c °8tae apicem ramificantibus exceptis, omnibus irregulariter anastomo-

®antibus ; petioli robusti, teretes, leviter sulcati, longitudine variabiles,

Primuni dense fulvo-tomentosi, dein glabrescentes; petioli foliorum

^periorum circiter 1 cm. longi, inferiorum usque 2-5 cm. longi.

Vf ru ctescentia corymbiformis, terminalis, foliis brevior, oligocarpa,

achi pedunculis pedicellisque dense fulvo-tomentosis; pedicelli

longi. Samara demum glabra, circiter 1 -8 cm. longa ; nuculus

j o 'ptico-oblongus, turgidus, haud angularis, tenuiter reticulatus, 5 mm.

^8^8, 3 mm. latus ; ala adscendenti-patens, 7—8 mm. lata.

‘South China. Kwangsi; Tia Lian Shan, N. Luchen, elevation

^336^ m i me ^ um ‘ s ^ ze( ^ ^ ree > * n wood 8 * rare, 25 May 1928, Ching ,

t rema ?‘ kab ly distinct species having leaves reminiscent of those of

c species of Sycopsis . The comparatively small, thickly coriaceous,

more or less angular leaves glaucous beneath, the densely tomentose

branchlets, and the small samara with ascending spreading wings,

constitute a unique combination of distinctive characters which readily

separates this from all described species.—W. Y. Chun.

Fig. 1, upper part of a branch, in the fruiting condition, natural size ; 2, lower

surface of leaf, natural size ; 3, fruit, x 2.

Tabula 3161.

PTEROSTYRAX LEVEILLEI, ( Fedde ) Chun .

Styracaceae.

P. Leveillei, (Fedde) Chun , comb. nov.; species P. hispido , Sieb. et

Zucc., affinis, foliis tricuspidatis, floribus sublongioribus, sepalis anguste

lanceolatis nec deltoideo-ovatis, petalis late ellipticis, fructibus aliter

formatis distincta.

Arbor 9 m. alta, trunco cortice cinereo aspero praedito. Ramuli

subteretes, statu juniore pilis stellatis parvis fulvo-tomentelli et pauci-

oribus majoribus breviter hirsuti, annotini glabrescentes, brunnescentes.

Folia chartacea, 6-11 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, forma variabilia, plerum-

que elliptico-oblonga usque ovato- vel obovato-oblonga, basi cuneata

usque subrotundata atque in petiolum anguste decurrentia,apicetricus-

pidata lobis triangularibus acutis vel breviter acuminatis calloso-mucron-

atis, margine minute calloso-denticulata, pagina superiore pallide viridi

primum dense stellato-pilosa demum glabrata, pagina inferiore multo

pallidiore plus minusve glauca secundum costam venasque pilis stellatis

flavescentibus tomentella ac subhirsuta ceterum pilis stellatis minute

cinereo-tomentella indumento hoc arete adpresso pilis stellatis majoribus

hinc inde inspersis ; venae laterales 6-11, adscendentes, subparallelae,

superiores singulae ad apices loborum lateralium excurrentes, inferiores

prope marginem anastomosantes, omnes cum costa subtus prominentes,

v enulis sparsis subparallelis ; petiolus semiteres, supra canaliculatus,

1^2 cm. longus, juventute dense a tel 1 ato-tomen t ellus, tandem pubescens.

Paniculae multiflorae, anguste pyrami dales, circiter 12 cm. longae,

axillis foliorum delapsorum superiorum ramuli annotini ortae,

r hachi ramulis pedicellis calyce pilis stellatis flavescentibus subhirsuto-

toinenteliis, ramulis sparsis brevibus vix 3 cm. longis secundifloris ;

P ( -<licelli 1-2 mm. longi, infra ealyeem articulati; bracteae bracteolaeque

paducae. Flores 12-14 mm. longi, albidi. Calycis tubus 2 mm. altus,

^fundibuliformi-campanulatus, ovario adnatus, margine truncatus

^“postatus, costis cum lobis alternantibus ; lobi 5, distincti, anguste

Wangulares, acuminati, vix 1 mm. longi, textura petalis homogenei,

e viter pilosi. Pctala 5, basi subcohaerentia vel libera, utraque pagina

^ e nse albido-pilosa, elliptico-spathulata, apice obtusa vel acutiuscula,

longa, 2 mm. lata. Stamina 10, exserta, inaequilonga, 5 longiora

^ mm. longa ; filamenta tenuia applanata, utrinque sparse pilosa,

superne libera, sursum sensim angustata, inferne in tubum brevem

connata ; antherae parvae, anguste oblongae, tandem arcuato-reflexae.

Ovarium pro majore parte inferum, parte libera conica dense cinereo-

pilosa in stylum sensim dilatata ; stylus longus, cylindrico-subulatus,

staminibus brevior, parte inferiore dense pilosa, apicem versus glaber ;

stigma truncatum vel obsolete trilobum. Fructus (immaturus) cylin-

drico-fusiformis, supra medium leviter constrictus, stylo incluso

3-3*5 cm. longus, parte inferiore (id est infera) obscure 5-costata,

dimidium fructus aequante, pilis patule adscendentibus flavis dense

sericeo-villosa.— Styrax Leveillei , Fedde ex Leveille, Flore du Kouy-

Tcheou, p. 407 (1915). Styrax Cavaleriei , Leveille in Fedde, Repert.

Sp. Nov. vol. ix.p. 447 (1911), non$. Cavaleriei, Leveille, op. cit. vol. iv.

p. 331 (1907). Pterostyrax hispidus, W. W. Sm. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard.

Edinb. vol. xii. p. 238 (1920), non Sieb. et Zucc. Pterostyrax Cavaleriei,

Guillaumin in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1923, vol. lxx. p. 886 (1924).

South China. Kweichow : Pin-Fa road to Tou-Yun, rare, May

1905, J. Cavalerie, 2992 (type). Kwangsi: Bin Long, Miao Shan,

north of Luchen, border of Kweichow, 1200 m., in open wood along

stream, very rare, 14 June 1928, Ching, 5962.

In inflorescence and fruit this species is clearly allied to Pterostyrax

hispidus, Sieb. et Zucc., rather than to P. corymbosus as stated by

Guillaumin. Besides the characters mentioned in the diagnosis,

P. hispidus may be further distinguished by the calyx-lobes being

continuous with the calyx-tube ; in the present species as well as in

P. corymbosus, the calyx-lobes are abruptly differentiated from the

truncate calyx-tube, the sepals having the consistency and texture of

the corolla, a character of diagnostic value hitherto unnoticed.-^

W. Y. Chun.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, lower surface of leaf, X 4 ; 3, flower,

X 4; 4, anthers, X 10 (a, seen from outside, b, from inside, c, lateral view);

5, young fruit, X 2.

Tabula 3162.

GENTIANA SETULIFOLIA, Marquand.

Gentianaceae. Tribus Swertieae.

G. setulifolia, Marquand in Kew Bull. 1928, p. 56 ; affinis G. hepta-

phyllae, Balf.f. et Forrest, sed foliis angustioribus, calycisque lobis

margine setis multo longioribus cinctis differt.

Herba perennis, nonnihil serpens. Stolones cataphylla hyalina ovata

acuta 3-4 mm. longa gerentes. Rami steriles plurimi, breves. Rami

Jloriferi erecti, scabri, 10-15 cm. longi, internodiis 2-4 mm. longis. Folia

rosularum desunt. Folia caulina verticillata, 7 pro verticillo, sessilia,

patentia, linearia, acuminata, e basi ad apicem ramorum gradatim

majora, usque ad 9 mm. longa, 0*5-1 mm. lata, margine subulato-

setosa ; folia verticillorum superiorum calycem occultantes. Flores

magni, solitarii, terminates, sessiles. Calyx purpurascens; tubus

7-9 mm. longus, 5-6 mm. diaraetro ; lobi 7-8, lineari-acuminati,

6- 8 mm. longi, 0-5-0*7 mm. lati, margine setosi, sinu lato obtuso.

Corolla campanulato-infundibuliformis, caerulea; tubus albidus,

caeruleo-vittatus, 4—4*5 cm. longus, 1*5 cm. diametro; lobi 7-8

(rarius 6), ovati, acuminati vel brevissime cuspidati, 5 mm. longi,

4 mm. lati, margine minute erosi; plicae breves, laciniatae. Stamina

7- 8, circa 2*5 cm. longa; antherae oblongae, 3-3*5 mm. longae.

Ovarium stipitatum. Se?nina matura non visa.

S.E. Tibet. Valley of the Seinghku, near the frontier of Burma,

lat. 28° 10' N., long. 97° 20' E., 3600-3900 m., 13 Oct. 1926, F. Kingdon

Ward (with No. 7385) (type) ; valley of the Seinghku, on granite slabs

in shelter under cliffs, but in the open, 3000 m., F. Kingdon Ward ,

7485.

This species, which belongs to the verticillate-leaved series of Sect.

Frigida, is unique in the genus in having cilia on the margins of the

leaves and calyx-lobes. The number of leaves in a whorl and the

^Umber of parts in the corolla are never absolutely constant in the

8 pecies of Series Verticillatae , but vary within narrow limits.

The previously known species of this Series are natives of Western

a ^d North-Western China and the adjoining portions of Eastern Tibet,

80 that the discovery of G. setulifolia has extended the known range of

the Series considerably further southwards. The district where this

plant grows has been very little explored botanically, and is of special

phytogeographical interest in connecting the floras of the Eastern

Himalaya and South-West China.

Captain Kingdon Ward unfortunately was unable to obtain ripe seed

in 1926, but he informs me that he collected living roots on a sub¬

sequent expedition from which he has just returned. This fine species

was not previously known in cultivation.

Duplicate specimens comprising part of the original gathering

have been sent to the Herbarium of the Koyal Botanic Garden,

Edinburgh.—C. V. B. Marquand.

Fig. 1, portion of plant, natural size; 2, leaf, X 5; 3, calyx, natural size ;

4, corolla opened out and seen from the interior, natural size ; 5, transverse section

of ovary, x 5.

Tabula 3163.

KINGDON-WARDIA CODONOPSIDOIDES, Marquand.

Gentianaceae. Tribus Swertieae.

K. codonopsidoides, Marquand in Joum. Linn. Soc. t Bot. vol. xlviii.

p. 207 (1929); species unica.

Herba annua. Caulis erectus, inferne tortilis, 25-35 cm. altus.

Folia basalia nulla, caulina opposita, sessilia, lanceolato-oblonga,

3-4 cm. longa, 0*7-1 cm. lata, subacuta. Pedunculi axillares, 2-3 cm.

longi, flores 2-3 breviter pedicellatos gerentes. Calyx tubuloso-

campanulatus, usque medium quinquefidus, lobis inaequalibus, sub-

glaber ; tubus 3-4 mm. longus ; lobi 5, inaequales, subulato-deltoidei,

2*5-4*5 mm. longi, 4-6 mm. lati, saepius duo majores et tres minores.

Corolla tubuloso-campanulata, 8-10 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. diametro,

circiter ad quartam partem lobata, pallide purpurea ; tubus basin versus

foveolis 5 glandulosis superne ciliato-fimbriatis infra lobos sitis prae-

ditus ; lobi 5, aequales, ovati, 3-4 mm. longi, 2*5-3 mm. lati, subacuti,

*ategri. Stamina 5, corollae basi affixa, 6-7 mm. longa ; filamenta

8 ubulata, inferne in annulum 1 mm. longum connata, ceteruin libera ;

^ntherae oblongae, 1 mm. longae. Ovarium stamina superans;

stigma subsessile. Capsula ignota.

S.E. Tibet. Pa La (Tra La), in colonies under juniper or Picea tTees,

^ the edge of the meadow in damp shady situations, 3600 m.,

^ Sept. 1924, F. Kingdom Ward , 6205 (type). Previously found in

1882 by “ Dr. King’s collector ” in Tibet, without precise locality.

p The genus occupies a somewhat intermediate position between

e ntia na and Swertia, differing from the former in the presence of a

eibriate foveola towards the base of the corolla below each corolla-

°pe, and from the latter in the conspicuous calyx-tube surmounted by

•pangular lobes as well as in the well-marked corolla-tube. From

Qeschkea it is readily distinguished by the position of the stamens,

i h^ch arise from the base of the corolla instead of from the sinus

°®tween the lobes.

^ is possible that this species may be less rare than might be inferred

from the fact that the only two specimens known to exist are in the

Kew Herbarium, since large areas of this part of Tibet are still un¬

explored botanically.—C. V. B. Marquand.

Figs. 1, la, upper and lower portions of plant, natural size ; 2, leaf, natural

size ; 3, young flower ; 4, calyx ; 5, corolla, opened out to show fimbriate foveolae

and drops of nectar ; 6, foveola, X 6 ; 7, androecium ; 8, gynoecium. Figs . 3,

4. 5. 7. 8, X 3.

Tabula 3164.

BUDDLEJA GYNANDRA, Marquand.

Loganiaceae. Tribus Euloganieae.

B. gynandra, Marquand in Kew Bull. 1930, p. 184 ; species distinctis-

sima staminibus ovario nec corollae affixis.

Frutex. Rami subteretes, graciles, primura tomentosi. Folia oppo-

sita, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, basi attenuata, ad

13 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, integra vel interdum paullum sinuata,

novella utrinque stellato-tomentosa, adulta supra glabrescentia, subtus

parce tomentella ; petioli 5-8 mm. longi. Stipulae in annulum redactae.

Thyrsi caulem et ramulos laterales terminantes, compositi ramis

lateralibus circiter 4 ascendentibus pro rata longiusculis, laxi; cymae

5-7-florae ; bracteae lineares, superiores 6-8 mm. longae, inferiores

niajores foliaceae. Flores ochroleuci, fragrantes, pedicellis tomentosis.

Calyx ad tertiam partem lobatus ; lobi 4, subobtusi, deltoidei. Corolla

extra parce stellato-tomentosa ; tubus 4-5 mm. longus, circiter 1 mm.

diametro, intus parce pubescens ; lobi 4, obovato-spathulati, integri,

circiter 2 mm. longi, 1*5 mm. lati. Stamina 4, in latere ovarii inserta,

circiter 1*5 mm. longa; filamenta interne adnata, parte superiore

libera gracili antheris subdeltoideis subbreviore. Ovarium tomen-

tosum, stylo staminibus duplo longiore, stigmate clavato. Fructus

hon visus.

Tonkin. Langson, in rocky places, 27 Jan. 1886, B. Balansa , 930.

This interesting species, on which a monotypic Series of the genus

(§ Gynandrae) has been established, is very distinct from all the other

^embers of the genus in the position of the androecium. When the

£°rolla-tube is separated by dissection of the flower, the stamens are

*°Und to adhere to the gynoecium, not being attached to the corolla-

^Ube as they are in all Asiatic species of Buddieja. Only a single

fleeting of this remarkable plant is known to exist, but it is not a

l ^tle strange that it should have escaped the notice of all systematists

nearly fifty years. The type sheet, which is in the Kew Herbarium,

J^-rs a label, “Buddieja asiatica Lour, determinavit Kriinzlin, in

^^t botanist’s handwriting, and this may account for the fact that the

plant was overlooked until 1930, when a critical study of the Asiatic

species of the genus was published by the author.

Some systematists might possibly consider this plant to belong to a

new genus, but as it is only an extreme condition of a series ranging from

those species in which the stamens are inserted near the mouth of the

corolla-tube to those where the point of insertion is near the base of the

latter, it seems preferable to retain it in the genus Buddleja.—C. V. B.

Marquand.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, flower, X 6 ; 3, androe*

cium and gynoecium, X 6.

Tabula 3165.

LEYCESTERIA CROCOTHYRSOS, Airy-Shaw,

Caprifoliaceae.

L. (Euleycesteria) crocothyrsos, Airy-Shaw ; species nova, ab omni¬

bus congeneribus corolla aurantiaca basi valde 5-saccata distinctis-

sima ; a L. fonnosa , Wall., cui quam ceteris forsan propior, stipulis

Uiagnis, stylo pubescente statim distinguenda ; inter species stipulatas,

a L. glaucophylla , (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Hook, f., pseudo-verticillis

6-floris, et a L. stipulata , (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Fritsch, foliis subtus

baud lanuginosis, stylo pubescente diversa.

Frutex parvus, laxus, statura ignota. Rami annotini ignoti. Rami

hornotmi fistulosi, teretes, usque 4 dm. longi (inflorescentia terminali

^iclusa), circiter 4 mm. diametro, sparse breviter glanduloso-pilosi vel

Shibrescentes, basi perulis scariosis late triangularibus usque lanceolatis

^10 mm. longis raro apice foliaceis circiter 2 cm. longis cincti; inter-

bodia circiter 8 cm. longa. Folia iis L. formosae similia, ovata usque

°Wonga raro fere ovato-lanceolata, basi rotundata vel vix angustata,

^pice acuminata conspicue caudata, usque 12-5 cm. longa (cauda circiter

cm. longa inclusa), 5 cm. lata, margine (basi caudaque exceptis)

( ;Viter et subremote dentata dentibus glanduloso-apiculatis, sparse

^uiata, pagina superiore olivacea pilis persparsis circiter 1 mm. longis

Paedita, costa densiuscule breviter pubescente, nervis glabris, pagina

bferiore glaucescente tota minutissime pubescente (costa manifestius),

^ r vis utrinque circiter sex ; petioli brevissimi, 3-5 mm. longi, ple-

l nique anguste alati, pubescentes praecipue supra pilis plus minus

Stipulae interpetiolares maximae, latissime reniformes vel

‘ ul) orbiculare8, usque 2 cm. latae et 1 cm. longae, basi utrinque petiolis

lat )rum breviter adnatae, margine integrae vel indistincte crenu-

Jj l f ae , supra olivaceae, subtus glaucescentes. Inflorescentia terminalis,

°ugata, plus minus pendula, usque 12*5 cm. longa, rhachide dense

^bluloso-villoso-pubescente. Flores sessiles in pseudo-verticillis

0lT ,)r * 8 (cymulis binis trifloris) dispositi ; pseudo-verticilli circiter 7,

^Jugs bracteis binis late ovatis acuminatis vel acutis integris basi

bio VUA inigustatis usque 4 cm. iougis et i um. iu,via

Dj a lr \ jranace i s glabrescentibus dilute purpurascentibus margine dense

sed subduplo minoribus. Receptaculum ovoideum, apice

subattenuatum, densissime glanduloso-villoso-hispidiim, circiter 5 mm.

longum, 3 mm. diametro. Calycis seymenta breviter connata, maiuscula,

aequalia, ovato-oblonga, subacuta, circiter 5 mm. longa et 3 mm. lata,

herbacea, margine glanduloso-ciliata, extra sparse breviter pilosa,

intus glabra. Corolla actinomorpha, laete aurantiaca (teste lectore),

alabastro late clavata circiter 1*5 cm. longa ; tubus sub anthesi late

infundibuliformis, circiter 1*5 cm. longus, fauce 1*5 cm. diametro,

basi truncato-intrusa in sacculos nectariferos 5 sepalis alternantes

conspicue gibboso-ampliatus, 4-5 mm. latus, extra dense glanduloso-

pilosus, intus ad staminum filamenta et ad nervos 5 praecipuos glandu-

loso-pilosus ceterum glaber; lobi imbricati, patentes, ovato-triangulares,

obtusi vel rotundati, circiter 5 mm. longi et lati, extra plus minus

glanduloso-pilosi, intus glabri. Staminum filamenta corollae tubo usque

ad basin adnata, circiter 1 *3—1 *4 cm. longa, dense barbata, parte sexta

suprema libera, ipso apice ovoideo-tumidula, dein acuta ; antherae

oblongae, utrinque obtusae, 3-4 mm. longae, 1-1*5 mm. latae. Styh s

in alabastro circiter 1 cm., sub anthesi usque 1*7 cm. longus, satis

validus, parte tertia suprema glabra, ceterum dense pubescens ; stigma

magnum, capitatum, lobatum, circiter 3 mm. diametro. OvariuM

quinqueloculare, multiovulatum. Fructus non visi.

Assam. Delei Valley, 28° 20' N., 96° 37' E., 1800 m., growing on tho

steep sheltered gneiss face, in dense thickets, 8 May 1928, F. Kingdom

Ward , 8180. A small lax shrub. Flowers bright orange.”

The genus Leycesteria, Wall., was subdivided by Fritsch (in Engl* &

Prantl, Pflanzenfam. vol. iv. pt. 4, p. 169 : 1891) into two sections,

Euleycesteria , Fritsch, and Pentapyxis , (Hook, f.) Fritsch, based upo*j

the absence or presence respectively of pith in the stems, the usua

absence or presence of stipules, and the zygomorphy or comparative

actinomorphy of the corolla. Though Fritsch was undoubtedly r, »j

in reducing Pentapyxis to Leycesteria, his two subdivisions are sc# rc . e £

satisfactory in the light of further investigation. The foH° VVlI1 °

arrangement is therefore proposed. (See Kew Bull . 1932, p. 1^*)

Subgenus I. EULEYCESTERIA (Fritsch pro sect., emend.), subg ^ y

nov. Ovary 5-locular, glandular-pubescent. Flowers in sixes, rarefy

in pairs. Bracts more or less broadly ovate, longer than the ovary-

Type-species : L. formosa, Wall.

* Section i. Fistularia, sect. nov. Pubescence of lower surfac^

of leaves consisting of sparse, straight, more or less adpres .

hairs. Branches subherbaceous, markedly fistular.—T yp e ' s P ec

L. formosa, Wall. „

i f Corolla

Series 1. Formosae, ser. nov. Stipules absent. ^

white or pinkish, slightly enlarged above the conical

inconspicuous nectaries ; style glabrous.—Type-species.

mosa, Wall.

Series 2. Crocothyrsae, ser. nov. Stipules present. Corolla

bright orange-yellow, much dilated at the truncate base into

5 very prominent nectariferous sacs; style pubescent.—Type-

species : L. crocothyrsos, Airy-Shaw.

** Section ii. Pentapyxis, ( Hook.f.) Fritsch y emend. Pubescence

of lower surface of leaves consisting of sparse or lanuginose,

more or less crisped or erect hairs, with apparently bulbous bases.

Branches not herbaceous. Corolla as in Series 1.—Type-species :

L. stipulata, (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Fritsch.

Series 3. Stipulatae, ser. nov. Plant densely lanuginose.

Branches solid. Inflorescence of several 6-flowered false whorls.

Style glabrous.—Type-species: L. stipulata , (Hook. f. et Thoms.)

Fritsch.

Series 4. Glaucophyllae, ser. nov. Plant pubescent. Branches

fistular. Inflorescence of at most two 2-flowered false whorls.

Style pubescent.—Type-species: L. glaucophylla , (Hook. f. et

Thoms.) Hook. f.

Subgenus II. PARALESTERA, subgen. nov. Ovary 8-locular,

glabrous. Flowers in pairs. Bracts very small, subulate, shorter than

the ovary. Corolla as in Series 1,3 and 4. Style glabrous. Pubescence

as in Section i.—Type-species : L. gracilis , (Kurz) Airy-Shaw.

The orange colour of the corollas of L. crocothyrsos is unique in the

genus ; they appear also to be larger than those of any other species,

and the basal nectariferous sacs are very marked. The stipules, which

are not developed in the other species of Sect. Fistularia, approach in

size those of L. stipulata , (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Fritsch (Sect. Pentapyxis).

The character of a hairy style is shared only with L. glaucophylla ,

(Hook. f. et Thoms.) Hook. f. (Sect. Pentapyxis).

L. crocothyrsos appears to be extremely restricted in its distribution,

and it is difficult to suggest whether it is more probably a “ young

or a “ relict ” species. In its vegetative characters and inflorescence it

approaches L.formosa , Wall., but this affinity can scarcely be regarded

as a close one.—H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch ; la, node, showing stipules and bases

°f petioles ; 2, leaf, lower surface ; 3, corolla, opened out to show stamens and

style ; 4, ovary and calyx ; 5, ovary, transverse section. Figs. 1,2, X § ; fig • la>

natural size ; figs. 3, 4, 5, X 2.

Tabula 3166.

LEYCESTERIA GRACILIS, (Kurz) Airy-Shaw.

Caprifoliaceae.

L. (Paralestera) gracilis, (Kurz) Airy-Shaw, comb. nov.; ovario

7-8-loculari, bracteis bracteolisque ovario brevioribus, floribus praeter

calycis lobos glanduloso-ciliatos glaberrimis in genere unica ; floribus

praeterea in inflorescentias graciles foliis multo breviores decussatim

dispositis porro distinguenda.

Frutex glaber, gracilis, subscandens, 1-3-metralis. Rami subsim-

plices, inde a basi fere arcuati, teretes, graciles, subherbacei, fistulosi,

in spcciminibus exstantibus raro usque 5 mm. diametro, nodis haud

constrictis ; intemodia 7-11 cm. longa. Folia ovato-lanceolata usque

oblongo-lanceolata, basi (raro levissime angustata) rotundata usque

subtruncata (raro subcordata), apice acuminato-caudata, acuta, usque

17-5 cm. longa, 8 cm. lata, margine levissime et remote glanduloso-

dentata, rarissime (in speciminibus sinensibus) fere integra, pagina

8uperiore surde viridia, glaberrima, pagina inferiore conspicue glauca,

glaberrima vel costa basin versus piiis sparsis praedita, nervis utrinque

circiter quinque ; petioli usque 1*8 cm. longi, supra sulcati, basi in

annulum connati. Injlorescentiae axillares, oppositae, vel raro

terminales, graciles, erecto-patentes, usque 7 cm. longae (pedunculo

1-3 cm. longo incluso), foliis multo breviores, simplices, bracteis

binis ad ipsam basin vel paullo supra basin transversim positis (raro

etiam pari altero paullo superiore decussato) siccis deltoideis carinatis

acuto-acuminatis basi connatis circiter 1-2 mm. (rarissime usque 5 mm.)

longis semper praeditae. Flores sessiles, per paria usque sex decussata

<lispositi, internodiis 5-9 mm. longis sejuncti. Bractea sub quoque

flore unica, herbacea, subulata usque ovato-lanceolata, 3-4 mm. (raro

^sque 6 mm.) longa, brevissime sparsiuscule ciliata, apice acuta saepe

Acuminata, basi 1 mm. lata cum bractea floris alterius brevissime

Jonnata, angulo recto a rhachide patens. Bracteolae sub quoque flore

^inae, oppositae, bracteis simillimae sed tantum 2-3 mm. longae,

8 ubglanduloso-ciliatae. Receptaculum sessile, angustc ovoideum usque

^lipsoideum, sub anthesi 4-5 mm. longum, 1-2 mm. diametro, glaber-

^mum, apice attenuato-constrictum. Calyx ex apice receptaculi

^brupte ortus, 2-3 mm. longus ; segmenta inferne in cupulam apertam

^eviter connata, superne libera, patula, subulata, subacuta, sparse

8l&nduloso-ciliata, sinubus rotundatis. Corolla albida, infundibuli-

°rniis, circiter 1*5 cm. longa, glabra, basi fere 2 mm. diametro gibbis

°blongis circiter 1 mm. longis vix prominulis praedita, fauce 5—8 mm.

diametro, limbi lobis ovatis erectis vel vix patulis 3—4 mm. longis et

latis rotundatis. Staminum filamenta glaberrima, paullo sub sinubus

corollae limbi inserta, sed manifeste corollae usque ad basin adnata,

parte libera circiter 2 mm. longa ; antherae oblongae, utrinque obtusae,

circiter 2 mm. longae. Stylus exsertus, circiter 12 mm. longus, glaber-

rimus ; stigma magnum, capitatum, lobatum, 1-2 mm. diametro.

Bacca ovoideo-ellipsoidea, usque 8 mm. longa et 4 mm. diametro,

glaberrima, calyce persistente coronata.— Lonicera gracilis , Kurz in

Journ. As. Soc. Beng. vol. xxxix. part 2, p. 77 (1870). Lonicera glauco-

phylla , [? Lindley] in Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz. [vol. xviii.] p. 700

partim, fig. 2 sinistr., non dextr. (1858), non Hook. f. et Thoms, in

Journ. Linn. Soc. vol. ii. p. 165 (1858). Leycesteria glaucophylla ,

Hook. f. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook, f., FI. Brit. Ind. vol. iii. p. 16 (1880),

pro parte.

Sikkim. Yoksun [near base of Kinchinjunga, alt. 1500 m.], 1857,

T. Thomson. Simonbong, [Anderson in] Herb. S. Kurz (type). Labah,

Dumsong, 1800 m., March 1875, Gamble , 3073A : “ Very pretty small

shrub ; fruits blue.” Chota Rimitti, Darjeeling, 2100 m., Nov. 1879,

Gamble, 7451. Labah Ridge, 2100 m., Dec. 1904, II. II. Ilaines ,

BB 2002.

Bhutan. Without definite locality, Booth in Herb. Nuttall.

Yunnan, W. On hills to west of Tengyueh, amongst scrub, lat*

25° N., 1800 m., June 1912, Forrest , 8261 : “ Shrub of 3-6 ft., in fruit.”

Open situations in thickets on western flank of Shweli-Salwin Divide,

lat. 25° 20' N., 2100-2400 m., Nov. 1912, Forrest , 9377 : “ Shrub of

3-9 ft. Flowers white.” Amongst scrub by streams on the Shweli^

Salwin Divide, lat. 25° 10' N., 2400 m., July 1918, Forrest , 17527 :

44 Shrub of 4—7 ft. Flowers white, flushed rose exterior.” Open situa¬

tions by streams on the Shweli-Salwin Divide, lat. 25° 45' N., long-

98 0 50' E., 2400 m., Nov. 1924, Forrest , 26032 : “ Shrub of 6-9 ft.

Branches arched almost from base. Flowers white.”

Yunnan, S.E. South of Red River from Manmei, 1800 m., Ilenr

9767 : Shrub, 10 ft.; white flowers.”

This species (long known erroneously under the name of L. gl auC( F

phylla , Hook, f.) occupies a rather isolated position in the genus. A

is chiefly remarkable for the tendency to pleiomery of the gynoecium*

The inflorescence presents a strikingly different appearance from those

of the other species, being virtually glabrous, with extremely shor^

bracts and bracteoles and the flowers arranged in pairs. L. g} ai * c0

phylla , (Hook. f. et Thoms.) Hook, f., is also notable for this 1^

character, but has otherwise no close affinity with the present species.

H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, X § ; 2, leaf, lower surface, .

3, inflorescence, natural size ; 4, corolla, opened out to show stamens and s y

5, ovary and calyx ; 6, ovary, transverse section ; 7, fruit, with persisten c y

Tabula 3167.

TARAKTOGENOS CALOPHYLLA, Ridley.

Flacourtiaceae. Tribus Pangieae.

T. calophylla, Ridley ; species nova, T. Kurzii , King, affinis, a qua

*°liis maximis, floribus e trunco exortis differt.

Rrutex 3 m. altus, caule simplici. Ramuli angulati, profunde

sulcati, puberuli, apices versus circiter 2*5 mm. diametro, cortice pal-

l do. Folia oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, abrupte cuspidata, cuspide

^ c ute acuminato 2*5 cm. longo basi 5-6 mm. lato medio 2-2*5 mm.

a *j°> basi inaequilateralia, latere altero obtuso altero rotundato, vel

s ubcuneata, 30-35 cm. longa, 9-13 cm. lata, coriacea, costa in

a picem cuspidis producta, utrinque praecipue subtus elevata, nervis

^teralibus utroque latere costae 8 supra prominulis subtus prominen-

1 nervis tertiariis transversis copiosis parallelis conspicuis, rete

er *ularum utrinque elevato manifesto ; petioli 1-2 cm. longi. Racemi

pauciflori, bracteis persistentibus ovatis coriaceis tecti; pedicelli

r* a ciles, 1 -5 cm. longi, puberuli. Flores $ :—Sepala 4, ovata, 8 mm.

puberula, coriacea. Petala 5, subaequalia, oblonga, squama

j n gula basali crassa rotundata hirsuta. Stamina 21 ; filamenta 5 mm.

^ga, glabra ; antherae lineares, basi retusae. Flores $ :—Sepala

r ^ lora patentia vel deflexa, oblonga, 1 cm. longa. Petala minora,

*»data. Ovarium basi angustatum, superne incrassatum, costatum,

, ^tinum ; stigmata 4, late oblonga, 3-4-loba. Staminodia pauca,

v eviora » fil am entis gracilibus, antheris abortivis. Bacca fusiformis,

r sus apicem et basin angustata, 4 cm. longa, 2 cm. lata (in siccitate).

circiter 13.

^auawak. Kuching, unbranched shrub 20 feet high, polygamo-

eci °us, Haviland , 1795 (type), Havilarid and Hose , 3241.

l e J v ^ n ? w no other species at all like this. It is a shrub with the largest

lj v^ s j* 1 the genus, and the flowers in short racemes on the stem.—

* Ridley.

i'i(

® 0r esc ( >n * * ea ^’ 8howin S u PP^‘ r surface, and node with stipules, X J; 2, £ in-

>de 8ize ' 3 > Pseen from within, X 4; 4, stamen from

k&Bitnds f ; 5 ' 8tam inode, X 8 ; 6, pistil, X 21; 7, fruit, natural size ; 8, fruit,

nal section, natural size.

Tabula 3168.

PARAPHYADANTHE SUFFRUTICOSA, Milne-Redhead.

Flacourtiaceae. Tribus Oncobeae.

P. suffruticosa, Milne-Redhead ; species nova a P. JlagelliJlora y

Mildbr., et P. coriacea , Mildbr., fasciculis florurn in axillis foliorum nec

111 caulibus propriis ortis distincta; a P. lophocarpa , (Oliv.) Gilg, foliis

8 ubsessilibus basi cordatis recedit.

Svffrvtex deciduus, rhizomate crasso lignoso, caulibus multis erectis

8l QipUcibu3 vel pauciramosis usque 90 cm. longis, cortice longitu-

^'^aliter costato brunneo. Folia subsessilia, stipulata, elliptica usque

°yato-oblonga, nonnunquam subobliqua, apice brevissime obtuse cus-

P lf ^ta, basi cordata sinu 2-8 mm. alto, 13-26 cm. longa, 7*5-16 cm.

integra sed verosimiliter subundulata ; costa et nervi laterales

Cinque prominentes; nervi laterales utrinque 6-10, e basi patente vel

Patula versus marginem arcuantes, medii 1*3-2 *8 cm. intra marginem

ari a.stomosantes ; nervi tertiarii e lateralibus patule orti, quaternarii

f ^timi rete conspicuum formantes ; folia juvenilia utrinque valde

^. u tinoso-nitenia, perjuvenilia dense tuberculata ; stipulae subulatae,

Reiter 2 mm. longae, caducae. Flores alii masculi alii hermaphroditi,

1 ? ae pe raajores, in axillis foliorum delapsorum 3-6-fasciculati;

cm * l^ngi, bracteis singulis minutis triangularibus

^ u Jti, praesertim juventute dense purpureo-glandulosi. Flores :—

lat/* * m kricata, valde concava, late elliptica, 12 mm. longa, 9 mm.

0 i , a ( 8t& tu explanato), parte in alabastro externa glandulosa. Petala 8,

j ] ° n go-elliptica, margine irregulariter undulato, circiter 2 cm. longa,

g Jftta, alba, basin versus aureo-venosa. Stamina circiter 50,

ditl mm ‘ * on £ a > filamenta subfiliformia, 2-4 mm. longa ; antherae

Jo ? cac > basifixae, 6-8 mm. longae, vix 1 mm. latae, secus to tarn

pj S l tudinem fissae sed apice tantum porum dehiscentiae formantes.

8 ed ><?S ^ : ~—Sepala et stamina iis floris $ similia. Petala etiam simiba,

C i rc aetate auc ta usque 3 cm. longa et 1 • 3 cm. lata. Ovarium ovoideum,

p au |, ^ mm - longum et 5 mm. diametro, longitudinaliter costa turn,

U | tuberculatum, apicem versus parce ac inconspicue puberulum,

vi^ ocular ; placentae 3-7, ovulis numerosis ; stylus 4 mm. longus,

^uin lmn * c ^ amc ^ ro » superne modo cornus copiae expansus margine

queplicato unde stigma primo visu peltaturn videtur. Capsulae

circa basin caulium ortae, magnae, subcarnosae, immaturae laeves,

virides, obovoidcae vel subglobosae, obscure longitudinaliter costatae,

maturae usque 12 cm. diametro, pericarpii muro lacunis vacuis 5-7

placentis alternantibus instructo, tandem per medias lacunas vacuas

loculicide dehiscentes ; valvae post dehiscentiam basi connatae, apice

plus minusve connatae ; pedicelli capsularum usque 5 cm. longi,

7 mm. diametro. Semina subglobosa, angulata, dense tuberculata,

7 *5 mm. diametro ; testa Crustacea, circiter 1 mm. crassa ; tegmen

brunneum, membranaceum ; endospermium copiosum, 6 mm. longuin,

5-3 mm. diametro ; embryo 5*3 mm. longum, cotyledonibus ellipticis

2*6 mm. longis apice strato endospermii 1 mm. crasso a tegmine dis-

junctis ; radicula cylindrica, 2*7 mm. longa, 1 mm. diametro, apic e

valde depresso-conica tegmen attingens.

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District; in dry dambo (grassland)

at Solwezi Boma, before burning, mature leaves and unripe fruit’

10 June 1930, Milne-Redhead, 470 ; in open Brachystegia woodland

between R. Mumbezki and R. Lumwana, to the west of Solwezi Boina,

flowers and young leaves, 16 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead, 1133 (typus) >

in dambo at Solwezi Boma after burning, young shoots and mature

fruit, 24 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead, 1133A. Also seen near R. Mutanda>

west of Solwezi Boma, in open Brachystegia woodland. Vernacular

name “ Munkolokolo ” (Chikaonde).

The genus Paraphyadanthe, described by Mildbraed in Notiz •

Bot. Gart. Berl. vol. vii. p. 402 (1920), was based on specimens collect^

by him in the Cameroons, representing two new species, namely * *

JlagelliJlora, Mildbr., and P. coriacea, Mildbr. A third species, P- l°V j

carpa, (Oliv.) Gilg, also a native of the Cameroons, was doubtm L

transferred to the genus from Oncoba by Gilg in 1925. The genus di ^

from Oncoba and its segregated genera in the flowers arising on s

shoots, and in the apical dehiscence of the anthers.

P. coriacea, Mildbr., is described as being an arborescent shrub* ^

P. lophocarpa, (Oliv.) Gilg, is a tree up to 12 m. in height, win

JlagelliJlora, Mildbr., is a small tree bearing its flowers on P rocU ^ un k.

terrestrial shoots, 10 m. long or more, arising from the base of the ^

The subject of this plate, however, is a subshrub less than 1 in - ^ ug

apparently adapted to withstand savannah conditions. The 1111 V llC ^lon

erect shoots, arising from a woody rootstock, seldom escape des ^ ^

when the annual grass fires sweep the country at the end of ' ^

season. Before the start of the rains, however, buds at the base ^ * a

burnt-off shoots have come into growth, and not only is t c P £ rU it,

full flower but the new leafy shoots are rapidly developing* ^j^sced*

when first seen early in June, was fully grown but had no < res ting

It was deep green, smooth, and almost spherical, and wa*

among the fallen leaves which surrounded the leafless shoo j^d

seen in September, after the grass fires, the fruit was c r> ^^ re ly

dehisced, but apart from slight external scorching, it w

Undamaged, and the seeds, having fallen out, were scattered on the

bare soil around the plant. When the one-year-old shoots escape

destruction, the flowers occur on short shoots in the axils of the fallen

leaves all up the stem.—E. Milne-Redhead.

Pig. 1, portion of flowering stem showing young leaves, natural size; 2, leaf,

Plural size; 3, hermaphrodite flower, cut longitudinally, X 1} ; 4 a, b, anthers,

X 4 ; 5, fruit, with portion of pericarp removed to show seeds, X 5; 6, seed, X 2.

Tabula 3169.

DALBERGIELLA NYASAE, E. G. Baker.

Leguminosae. Tribus Dalbergieae.

Wlt '«y*S*e, E. G. Baker , Leg. Trop. Afr. p. 535 (1929); a D. Wei-

le it l S (Baker) E. G. Baker, foliolis paucioribus, magis coriaceis,

§ u ttnnum pilis plumosis differt.

cor/ 6or P arva > circiter 5 m. alta, decidua, ramis diffusis. Ramuli

Ion 1CC P^ um ^ eo ve l cinereo tecti. Folia imparipinnata, 14-24 cm.

Pul ’ P e ^ 0 H us 9 ue 3 cm. longi, primum brunneo-tomentosi, demum

eru ^ i rhachides 10-17 cm. longi, primum brunneo-tomentosi,

Ve j puberuli; foliola subopposita, 6-10-juga, petiolulata, oblonga

r oti i ti ca ’ P arum inaequilateralia costa subcentrali, apice obtusa vel

bru ^ta, basi late cuneata vel rotundata, petiolulis 1-2 mm. longis

lata neo ‘ tomentos i s > margine revoluta, 1-5-3 *5 cm. longa, 1-1-8 cm.

PPbe C °^ acea » su P ra glabra, nitidula, subtus margine et nervis leviter

subt r« exceptis glabra ; costa et nervi laterales supra prominuli,

8tin u ] 8 Va ,. e conspicui; foliola immatura discoloria, utrinque puberula ;

Per.si 8 f ? ^ neares > circiter 2 mm. longae, dense brunneo-tomentosae,

r acem enteS * l n fl orescen ti<ie densiflorae, anguste paniculatae vel sub-

li 8que °^> 12-28 cm. longae, rhachidibus bracteis pedunculis pedicel-

)runneo " tomen l ;08 i s - Calyx usque 6 mm. longus, brunneo-

l° b Uiri ? SUS * ^ en ^ e i n l er i° re paulo longiore, duobus superioribus in

diam e tr conna tis. Vexillum late suborbiculare, circiter 8 mm.

5 mm i°’ Un 8 ue 3 mm. longo ; alae obovatae, longe unguiculatae,

8imili 8 ' °[! gae> . 2*5 mm. latae, ungue 5 mm. longo ; carina alis sub-

0-5 nini ^toniina diadelpha, vexillari libro, 7-8 mm. longa ; antherae

stylus o* ’ ^ ame tro. Ovarium lineare, tomentosum, 4-ovulatum;

mm. longus, stigmate terminali.

r ? cta Vel j 1 4 lnmaturura ) late oblongum, sutura dorsali plus minusve

gjuata sir 0Vlt ? r curva ta, sutura ventrali magis curvata quasi ernar-

^ita, ovulo U P 1C0 c * rca . me( lium latissimo (sed baud rotundato) prae-

Sen sim ^ ° | lnico fertili sinus angulo affixo, sinu semine maturescente

°pmin 0 Xi\° P r °l un( liore facto, apice late acutum, basi cuneatum,

^ a Phanurn nUn ^i ^ ^ cm - longum, 2-3 cm. latum, firme papyraceum,

^Psissimig Ve * ^kcscenti-viride, sutura ventrab pilis insignibus

P a ide fulvis valde plumosis irregulariter undulatis 3 mm.

longis vestitum, sutura dorsali pilis similibus multo brevioribus vestitum,

pagina utraque pilis simplicibus pubescente pilis majoribus bifurcatis

stellatisque inspersis.

Nyasaland. Lukoma, Lake Nyasa [Likoma Island, E. of Lake

Nyasa], Aug. 1887, IFm. Bellingham, sine numero. (Typus in Herb.

Mus, Brit.)

Northern Rhodesia. Chilanga District: several trees near King

Edward’s Copper Mine, Native Reserve Country, 11 Sept. 1929, Mrs.

Sandwith, 4. Trees with few leaves and loaded with rather sweet-

scented flowers. Mazabuka District: in Acacia grassland at Mazabuka,

6 Oct. 1930, Milne-Redhead, 1209. Small tree up to 5 m. high, with

young leaves and unripe soft greenish fruits ; a few mature leaves also

obtained. Vernacular names “ Kafundula ” (Chila), “ Mwambanongo ”

(Chitonga).

The genus Dalbergiello , E. G. Baker, was founded on Ostryocarpus *

Welwitschii, Baker in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. vol. ii. p. 240 (1871). This

and D. nyasae, which have obtuse or rounded leaflets, appear to be

closely related. The third species, D. Gossweileri, E. G. Baker, differs

in having acuminate leaflets. Both D . Gossweileri and D . Welwitsch 1

are described as scandemt shrubs, whereas D. nyasae is a small tree

attaining a height of about 5 metres.

It is surprising that this interesting tree, which is very conspicuous

when in flower and fruit, and is by no means uncommon, should not

have been collected in Northern Rhodesia before the year 1929, wheu

Mrs. Sandwith obtained good flowering material from the Chilang*

District. The writer collected it in fruit in Oct. 1930, during a shor

stay at Mazabuka, where it was common, growing with Lonchocarp^

Menyharthii, Schinz, and L. Capassa, Rolfe. The fruits of Dalbergwl 0

nyasae were hitherto unknown, and are here described and figured 1°

the first time. In general shape and texture they are similar to thos

of D. Welwitschii, but are remarkable in being fringed with P

hairs. In the figure of D. Welwitschii given in Journ. Bot. June 1 ^

Suppl. I. p. 129, the seed is inadvertently shown as though R w

attached to the dorsal suture. v

There is some doubt as to the exact position of the typeJ° c ^^

given by Bellingham as “ Lukoma, Lake Nyasa.” It is probably vv ^ ^

is now known as Likoma Island, situated towards the eastern 8

Lake Nyasa, but belonging to Nyasaland, although there is a p°s

that Lukoma Bay, situated in Tanganyika Territory to the nor

island, was the locality concerned.^—E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, leafy branch ; 2, part of flowering branch ; 3, a, b, flower, ante^ .

lateral views ; 4, calyx, cut open ; 5, a, b, vexillum, lateral and pop < g a> gb>

6, ala, from inside; 7, petal of carina, from inside; 8, androeciu ^ * 0 gterior

anthers, exterior and lateral views ; 9, pistil ; 10, legumes ; H» P°| q° natural 8%& >

margin of legume; 12, marginal hair of the same. Figs. 1, 1 *

Jigs. 3-8, 9, 11, X 3 ; figs. 8a, 8b, X 12 ; Jig. 12, X 20.

Tabula 3170.

CANTHIUM GUEINZII, Sond.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Vanguerieae.

C. Gueinzii, Sond. in Linnaea , vol. xxiii. p. 54 (1850); et in Harv. et

Sond., FI. Cap. vol. iii. p. 16 (1864-65); a C. hispido , Benth., ramorum

indumento multo densiore breviore nec laxe strigoso-villoso nec

persistente facile distinguenda.

Frntex scandens, ramis angulo recto insertis, ramulis junioribus

fi ubteretibus, ferrugineo-tomentosis usque hispido-tomentosis, demum

glabresccntibus vel leviter pubescentibus. Folia oblonga usque

°blongo-elliptica vel obovata vel ovata, apice acute longe acuminata,

basi subcordata usque satis profunde cordata, 4 • 5-9 cm. longa, 2-4 • 5 cm.

lata, supra glabrescentia, subtus costa et nervis lateralibus (utrinsecus

^-9) praesertim pubescentia ; petioli circiter 5 mm. longi. Stipulae

jhox caducae, triangulari-ovatae, apice longe acuminatae, 7-9 mm.

*°ngae, intus glabrae, extra pubescentes. Cymae axillares, dichotomae,

^ultiflorae, congestae, pedunculis tomentellis circiter 1-1 *5 cm. longis,

P^dicellis tomentello-pubescentibus gracilibus 5-7 mm. longis. Calyx

ate campanulatus, 5-denticulatus, 1-5 mm. longus, denticulis margine

ptosis. Corolla alba vel luteo-alba, 5-loba, alabastro circiter 6 mm.

. 0ll ga, apice rotundata ; tubus cylindrico-turbinatus, circiter 3-5 mm.

0li gus, fauce villosus; lobi oblongi, circiter 2*5 mm. longi, apice sub-

ac Uti, 8 ub anthesi reflexi. Ovarium 2-loculare ; stylus longe exsertus,

, longus, stigmate capitato-mitriformi 1*5 mm. longo. Fructus

j^paceus, didymus vel subglobosus, 2-locularis vel abortu 1-locularis,

^ c ulis 5-8 mm. diametro.— Pleclronia Gueinzii , (Sond.) Sim, For. FI.

^ a pe Col. p. 241 (1907); Sim, Native Timbers S. Afr. p. 223 (1921);

e ! a . rl °th # Diet. FI. S. Afr. p. 129 (1917); Wood, FI. Natal, p. 62 (1907),

Vf ^ rans - S. Afr. Phil. Soc. vol. xviii. p. 164 (1908). Keetia trans -

Vn ? 1e *! sis ’ fillips, Gen. S. Afr. FI. PI. p. 587 (1926), et in Bothalia,

u - P- 368 (1927).

l ( j f ll i0PICAL Africa. Uganda : Mt. Elgon, Bumoni, 1800 m., 23 March

Fir ’ ^ now d en > 861 ; Ruwenzori, Wimi Forest, 2400 m., June, Scott

Li^° * ^913. Kenya Colony : Embu, 1650-1950 m., Battiscombe , 20 ;

m *> 21 June 1918, Snoxoden , 634 ; Kisumu, 2100 m.,

1915, Diinmer , 1685 ; Aberdare Mts., 1500-1800 m., Moon , 752.

Tanganyika Territory : N. of Lake Nyasa, higher plateau, Thomson ,

s.n. ; near Ufiume Mt., 1650 m., 21 Jan. 1928, Burtt , 1229 ; forest,

Kinyassi Scarp, Kondoa District, 1800 m., 7 Jan. 1928, Burtt , 960.

Nyasaland : Plains of Zomba, 750-900 in., Whyte , 90, et s.n. ; Shire

Highlands, Buchanan , s.n. Portuguese East Africa : Mt. Pene, 2100 ni.,

Oct., Swynnerton y 6101.

South Africa. Transvaal : Houtbosch, Rehmann , 6471, Nelson,

432 ; Barberton, 1050-1500 m., Sept. 1889, Galpin , 519. Natal:

Durban, Gueinzius , s.n. (type), Gerrard , 535 ; Inanda, Wood, 305 ;

Dumisa, 540 m., 28 Oct. 1908, Rudatis , 435a ; Zululand, Wylie in

Herb. Wood , 8550.

The masses of creamy or yellowish-white flowers produced by this

liane, and its wide distribution as a member of a genus the species of

which are relatively local in occurrence, constitute its main claims to

distinction. It is, however, of no less interest from the purely taxo¬

nomic point of view, on account of its close alliance with other species,

notably C. hispidum , Benth., and C. sylvaticum , Hiern, and one or two

others at present undescribed. This group of species is widely dis¬

tributed over the whole of Tropical Africa, and the individual species

overlap to a considerable extent. In the regions of overlap, it is often

extremely difficult to assign a herbarium specimen to one or other ol

these species, though perfectly distinct examples of each occur in the

same locality. Typical C. Gueinzii is readily distinguished from

other species by the reddish tomentum of the young branchlets aim

by the tertiary nerves being impressed in the glabrous upper surface

of the mature leaves. n

The locus classicus is Durban, where the plant was collected by I

Gueinzius. Since then it has been collected many times, and its range

throughout the eastern half of tropical and subtropical Africa naus

now be almost completely known. »

In South Africa C . Gueinzii is known popularly as “ Monkey

a name aptly indicating its widely scrambling habit. The Zulus * n °

it as “um-Nyizi,” and in Tropical Africa numerous native names ha^

been recorded for it which, however, do not appear to be speci ic.

A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, portion of branch, showing two flowering branchlets, X B ^ 4;

X 4 ; 3, part of corolla, thrown open and showing insertion of a ^^jt^yerae

4, longitudinal section of ovary showing the calyx and disk, X 12 ; flVer8 o

section of the same, X 12 ; 6, stigma, X 8 ; 7, infructescence, X 3 \ »

section of fruit, X 2.

Tabula 3171.

RHOPALOTA APHYLLA, N. E. Brown.

Crassulaceae. Subfamilia Crassuloideae.

a ®^opalota, N. E. Brown in Cactus & Succ. Journ. vol. iii. p. 7 (1931);

c r( issula y L., caulibus aphyllis, glandulis carpella superantibus,

r P^llis apice truncato-convexis uniovulatis recedit.

c j ^ er ba perennis, succulenta, aphylla, aquatica, caule ramulisque

t r ; Vat ! s * Elores in quoque ramulo singuli, terminales, tetrameri, raro

jo . eri » ooinino isomeri. Calycis lobi brevissimi, multo latiores quam

giores, crenas 4 efformantes. Petala cum calycis lobis alternantia,

*** patentia, tandem ad superficiem calycis reflexa. Stamina

dula a lbernantia, erecta, apices carpellorum superantia. Gian -

Car 6 77 Cor ! 8 P lcuae > petalis oppositae, apices carpellorum superantes.

8ll T>e * * n cal y cis slve in a P lce ramuli clavati immersa, sed

t riln lora libera, a latere visa subcuneatim subquadrata, apice

ir 1 i ri ^ ato ." convex a, transverse secta trigona* angulo interiore stylo

18811110 terminata. Ovula in carpella singula.

^yua, N. E. Brown , l.c., species unica adhuc nota.

sing^if 5 S^bra, viridis, omnino aphylla, haud 2*5 cm. alta. Caulis

3 Gim 8> erectus > clavatus, 6-10 mm. longus, superne subpyriformis

Patenti Cr ^ SS ^ S ’ a P lce ostlo ^° minuto centrali praeditus, unde exorti rami

liter fl l881IU * cauli similes sed saepius minores, quoque ramo simi-

longi V T> circiter 3 mm. diametro pariente. Calycis lobi 0*5 mm.

alb a voj Jrevi °res. Petala 1*5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, ovata, acuta,

0*5 r osea, crassiuscula, minute coruscantia. Stamina circiter

® av Uni > antherae rubrae, marcescendo nigrescentes ; pollen

s Ubdelto' an ^ ae ln alabastro clavatae, superne applanatae inverse

^ ar pell a * Gae> ^ an( lem subcylindricae truncatae, brunneo-aurantiacae.

®°honl. 10 ^ ore Pl ana > viri dia ; styli minuti.— Crassula aphylla ,

Soltis * v Baker in Journ. Bot. 1898, p. 371 ; Schonl. in Ann.

^rb. vol. ii. p . 54> t . 3> f 7 (1916)

oOUxh A

^65 ( Qot o f y? A ‘ Clanwilliam Division : Boontjes River, Schlechter ,

r e l°ng s j- 0 pj as 18 wrongly quoted by Schonland, as that number

111 ^ke Ced^ri arn U(xum pusillum, Schlechter); top of the Tafelberg,

er g Range, Mrs. Levy ns.

This very remarkable and very small Crassulaceous plant was

originally discovered by R. Schlechter in 1896, and was described as

Crassula aphylla from dried material by Schonland and E. G. Baker in

1898. Recently the species has been found again by Mrs. M. R. Levyns,

who brought living plants of it to Kew, where they flowered in May

1931. The description given above was drawn up from this living

material. The figure published by Schonland in 1916 was prepared

from dried material and represents a piece of a totally different and

leafy plant mixed with the Rhopalota. This mixture was doubtless

responsible for Schonland’s statement that Crassula aphylla sometimes

has leaves, and it is quite probable that it was from this leafy plant that

he may have obtained carpels bearing 2-4 ovules. All the carpels of

two living flowers that I dissected had but one ovule in each.

Apart from its odd appearance, R. aphylla is remarkable as being

a succulent plant that is aquatic. Mrs. Levyns’ account of it is as

follows : “ The Kew specimens came from the summit of the Tafelberg,

the second peak in height (6500 ft.) in the Cederberg Range, Clanwilliam

District. The top of the Tafelberg is composed of horizontally placed

sandstone, which is much fissured. At the bottom of these fissures

rock-pools occur and the Crassula grows in these pools. When

visited the mountain in September the pools were fringed with ice, and

snow lay in sheltered places. The Crassulas were about 9 inches under

water; some were just beginning to produce flower-buds. The

Tafelberg, of course, is frequently covered with S.E. clouds during

the summer months, but I must confess that I was surprised to hear

that the water was still to be found in these pools at the end of summer.

I assume that the flowers are produced when the pools are relatively

dry, but I have no information on this point. It flowered with nie

when growing on damp sand.” At Kew the sand in which the plan

is growing stands in a shallow pan full of water, so that the soil ^

kept saturated. ,

This quaint little plant differs from Crassula by being leafless, by t ^

glands rising above the top of the carpels instead of being seated a

their base, by the carpels being truncate at the apex instead of taper* ©

into a short style, and by having only one ovule in each carpel,

the undissected flower only the transversely oblong apex ot

glands is visible.

The generic name is derived from the Greek, po7raXcoT<k, clubliK e >

allusion to the shape of the stem and branches.—N. E. Brown.

». 1, an entire flowering plant and three young plants, X 3 ; s id 0

3, X 9 ; 3, flower (immersed in swollen upper part of a stem segme » ^

Fig.

above, X 9 ; 3, flower (immersed in swollen upper part ui » « , pe tai»

view, X 9 ; 4, old flower, showing the reflexed petals, X 9 ; 5, flower, Wl •j.jdjpal

removed, X 27 ; 6, the same, transverse section, X 27 ; 7, flower, o g

section, x 27.

Tabula 3172.

BARNHARTIA FLORIBUNDA, Gleason .

POLYGALACEAE.

Gleason in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, vol. liii. p. 297 (1926) ;

. nis Diclidantherae , Mart., a qua floribus subzygomorphis, petalo

4 ^nto libero ceteris 4 interne per paria connatis, staminibus 8, ovario

bll ocula*i recedit.

floribunda, Gleason, l.c., species

unica.

a ^ e scan ^ ens » nonnunquam per summas arbores pervagans ;

int U 1 b ? rn °ti n i dense minute pubescentes, annotini glabrescentes,

VeM n0< ^ 8 1-3 cm. longis. Folia alterna, anguste elliptico-oblonga

sensim

v e i 1

ac anceo ^ ata > * n apicem rotundatum breviter apiculatum

t eni ni * nata > basi cuneata, 9-14 cm. longa, 2-2-5 cm. lata, integra,

8 i l T ) ^ (ir . cor i ace a, glabra vel juventute utrinque secus costam puberula,

circit ^^da, subtus nitidula, nervis primariis utroque costae latere

cete ,6r a margine satis longe anastomosantibus, his cum nervis

peti^ Ve Hulisque utrinque elevatis atque conspicue reticulatis;

Utro Us pubescens, demum glabrescens, 5-10 mm. longus, apice

p° 8 itJ Ue . mar gine nectario circulari parvo instructus. Racemi com-

Pyran ^ rm * na l es ©t axillares, paniculam multifloram terminalem

Par 8 . em interne foliatam cfformantes, ubique dense pubescentes ;

^flor(f rmina ^ S a P h > rlla 4—? cm - l° n ga, rhachi obtuse angulata sulcata ;

Vej bin^ Cn ^^ e a . x ^ ares (revera singulae, ramis basalibus singulis

CUr ** b 18 a< ^? c ^ 8 )» pedunculi proprii 0-5-1-5 cm. longi; bracteae

va ^ e concavae, superiores minores deltoideo-ovatae,

j r * an 8 u .l ar i‘ su hulatae, 1*5-2 mm. longae, basi utrinque glan-

deltoi^ 1 tum ^ a nigrescente orificio circulari instructa ; bracteolae

^lor es * ^~°. Vatae > obtusae, ad 0-8 mm. longae ; pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi.

0 75 m ^ eri gyni, toro extra dense pubescente intus carnoso glabro

a Pice ro l f * j 0, Sepala quincuncialia, ascendentia, elliptico-oblonga,

^ b escent Un • ^ mm - l° n ga, 1*5-2 mm. lata, extra dense

V ^ v ° crem*’ ln .^ tomentella. Petala imbricata, ascendentia, statu

8 Pathul a j. ea> aicc ^ate brunneo-rubra usque purpurascentia, lineari-

> apice rotundata, 3-6-5 mm. longa ungue 2 mm. longo

incluso, 1*3-1-5 mm. lata, grosse albo-ciliata, extra lamina glabra

ungue albo-piloso basi excepta, intus albo-pilosa basi ac apice exceptis ;

petalum anticum superne patulum, supra unguem stamina 2 gerens ;

utriusque lateris petala lateralia et postica filamento staminis cum

iis alternantis conjuncta, praeterea stamina singula medio gerentia.

Stamina 8 (posticum et anticum deficientia) 2 mm. supra basin inserta ;

filamenta circiter 0*5 mm. longa, intra valde pilosa, extra glabra;

antherae oblongae, adhuc clausae circiter 1 mm. longae, post deliis -

centiam 0*6 mm. longae ; lobuli interiores thecarum exterioribus

breviores ; antherae ab apice inter lobulos exteriores et interiores

deorsum dehiscentes, muro lobulorum interiorum secedente. Pistilluffl

e fundo tori ortum ; ovarium compresso-subglobosum, inconspic ue

subdidymum, 0*8-0*9 mm. longum, 1*2 mm. latum, 0*7 mm. crassuim

carnosum, glabrum, nitidum ; stylus tandem 3*5-4 mm. longus, rectus,

breviter hispidus ; stigma discoideo-capitatum, 0*7 mm. diamctro,

rima mediana indistincte bilobulatum. Fructus ignotus.

British Guiana. Demerara River : Malali, about 5° 35' N., DeI Jl

Cruz , 2727. Essequibo River : Moraballi Creek, above Bartica, in

mixed forest, fl. Oct., Sandwith , 507. A giant bush-rope. Caly*

greenish-white; corolla cream-coloured, whitish woolly within. UpP er

Mazaruni River : Kamakusa, about 59° 50' W., De La Cruz , 2852.

Brazil. Amazonas : Fonteboa, in humid virgin forest, fl. No vf *>

Ducke , 22332. A tall stout climbing shrub. Flowers white, foetid*

The genus Barnhartia was placed by Gleason (1926) beside Dich '

anthera , to which undoubtedly it is closely related. Diclidanthera ha

had a chequered history : originally referred by Martius to the fa* 111 ^

Ebenaceae, it was afterwards transferred by Reichenbach to

Styracaceae, and unaccountably removed by Miers to the Hamaiuc

daceae. It was generally treated as an anomalous genus of Sty**

caceae until 1907, when Perkins excluded it from that family, ,

without suggesting a better position for it. Finally in 1924 Gilg *

& Gilg, Syll. ed. 9-10, 323) proposed a new family, Diclidantheracea >

for its reception, placing this immediately after Ebenaceae. g

Comparison of Barnhartia with Chodat’s summary of the charac

of Polygalaceae (Nat. Pflanzenfam. vol. iii. 4, p. 323), however, s

no single point of disagreement. We may add that nectaries ^ m are

to those occurring on the bracts in Diclidanthera and Barnhar 1 ^ ^

found in the same position in at least six genera of Polygalaceae , ^

the facies of Diclidanthera and Barnhartia i very much the &

that of various woody climbers belonging to that family , an ' , Qe

floral diagram of Barnhartia closely resembles that of y.fan*

fig. 4). There can be little doubt, accordingly, that the t

theraceae should be included in the Polygalaceae. It is sl ? :

that Diclidanthera was associated by Martius (Fl. Bras. ? l '\ & oeae*

1856) with Moutabea , a genus long since assigned to the 1 0 ^ era wa^

and that he then suggested that the true affinity of both gc

^ith that family. The discovery of Barnhartia affords a striking con¬

ciliation of the correctness of his view.

account of Diclidanthera and Barnhartia will appear else-

mean ^i me the precise position of these genera within

e P°lygalaceae is left open.— T. A. Sprague, N. Y. Sandwith.

Fig. 1,

upper part of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, an axillary inflorescence,

y, o „ ri r***” umuvu, ivii ui u i okc , —, an aAiuaij muuuiowuww,

4 fl * r ! lac k^ s of inflorescence with bract, two bracteoles, and nectary, X 7;

indi°T e j ( ^ a 8 ram * i'ke position of the suppressed anterior and posterior stamens

g j) C - f W crosses ; 5, flower-bud, X 3 ; 6, flower, X 3 ; 7, anterior petal, X 3 ;

a * I re(i petals, united by intervening stamen, X 3 ; 9, stamens before dehiscence :

c » exterior, lateral and interior views, X 14; 10, a, b, c, stamens after

ue uiacence, x 14.

Tabula 3173.

STRYCHNOS DIABOLI, Sandwith.

Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae.

S. (§ Longiflorae) diaboli, Sandwith in Kew Bull . 1931, p. 486 ;

species nova, inter S. tomentosam , Bentli., atque S. triplinerviam ,

l^art., ponenda ; ab ilia foliis latioribus subtus haud dense lanatis,

^florescentiis densis, laciniis calycinis august is, floribus multo brevi-

0r ibus, staminibus inclusis, ab Lac foliis haud coriaceis, indumento

btriusque foliorurn paginae, venatione, floribus brevioribus, staminibus

l bclugig diflert.

Frutex altissime scandens, ramulis teretibus dense tomentosis,

®Ummis novellis fulvis ad 12 cm. longis ad 2 mm. diametro ; cirrhi

Wsei vel griseo-fulvi, dense tomentosi, circiter 9 cm. longi. Folia in

ra mulis novellis per paria 1-3 disposita ; cataphylla basi ramulorum

j°nspicua, acuminata, concava, 4-5 mm. longa ; internodia 2-5 cm.

i .**8® ; lamina late ovata vel ovato-elliptica, nonnunquam fere subor-

Iculans, apice vulgo obtusa vel rotundata atque breviter (2-8 mm.)

^°Ute cuspidata, in exemplis subellipticis attenuata acuminata, in

^ernplis suborbieularibus rotundata vix cuspidata, basi obtusa,

°nnunquam obliqua uno latere rotundato, vel cuneata, 4-5-12 cm.

3-7-5 cm. lata, tenuiter chartacea, supra siccitate obscure

jyacea vel purpurascentia, dense regulariter molliter pilosula, subtus

£.! 8 brevibus fulvis dense molliter velutino-pubescentia haud lanata,

g 18 9 Uft m in pagina superiore haud multo densioribus, venatione ut in

^onientosa saepius septuplinervia, nervis binis intimis a costa in tnedio

J 10 circiter 0-7 ad fere 2 cm. distantibus, intermediis his paullo magis

^/^P^imatis, extimis prope marginem vel cum margine conjunctis,

VlS secun( ^ ar ^ s subhorizon tali bus subparallelis sinuatis subtus cum

] 0 e v enularum prominentibus ; petiolus fulvo-tomentosus, 2-6 mm.

v" U8 ‘ I n fl oresc€n tiac ramulos terminantes, congeste corymboso-

j^soideae, densiflorae, 2-4 cm. diametro, ubique indumento ramulorum

^ “tomentoso praeditae ; pedunculus primarius 0-7-3 cm. longus ;

Btj.v. 1 Primarii 1-9 mm. longi, apice ramosi cymis compluribus arete

18 * bracteae imae lanceolatae, 4-6 mm. iongae, circiter 1-5 mm.

8ll periores bracteolaeque ovato-lanceolatae vel ovatae, 1-5-2 mm.

l*ti ^rciter 1 mm. latae. Flares pentameri, vix ad 1 mm. pedicel-

* a lbi, sed siccitate fauce excepta omnino fulvi. Calyx laciniis

lanceolatis 2 mm. longis vix ad 1 mm. latis extra fulvo-tomentosis intus

glabris. Corolla extra indumento simili fulvo-tomentoso praedita,

pilis ut in S. triplinervia brevibus homogeneis patulis, nec ut in

S. tornentosa pilorum serie altera conspicua longiore patente ; tubus

8 mm. longus, 1*5 mm. diametro, intus apice basique glaber, ceterum

adpresse pilosus ; lobi lanceolati, acuti, 3-3*5 mm. longi, 1-1*25 mni.

lati, flore aperto patentes, extra indumento tubi, intus basi lana densa

conspicua nivea induti, ceterum pulverulento-tomentelli. Antherae

subsessiles, fauce sub lana insertae, inclusae nec cernendae, oblongae,

1 mm. paullo excedentes. Ovarium glabrum, ovoideum, circiter 1 mm-

altum, ad 0*75 mm. diametro ; stylus glaber, cum stigmate capitato

circiter 8 mm. longus. Fructus non visus.

British Guiana. In dense forest, Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River,

24 Aug. 1929, Sandwith , 109.—Bush-rope with tendrils. Branchlets

dark-rusty. Flowers white, whitish woolly at the throat. Vernacular

name “ Black Devil-Doer.”

The name “ Devil-Doer ” is given by the Arawak Indians of British

Guiana to numerous species of Strychnos found in the Colony, ° n

account of their poisonous properties. Three species were collected

in perfect flowering condition by members of the Oxford University

Expedition to British Guiana in 1929 : one of these, S. tornentosa

(t. 3175), is a rediscovery ; a second, S. Melinoniana (t. 3174), is a fi rst

record for the Colony; while the present species is described here fp r

the first time. Duplicates of S. diaboli are distributed to the Herbaria

of New York, Rio de Janeiro, Utrecht, Berlin, Paris, Washingt 011 '

Stockholm, Leningrad, and Geneva. The “ Devil-Doers ” are gi* in

bush-ropes climbing to the forest canopy, where the flowering branches

sprawl over a wide area, beneath which the forest-floor is littered wit

their fallen corollas.— N. Y. Sandwith.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, X § ; 2, calyx, showing one of the bracteoles, x

3, corolla laid open, showing insertion of stamens, X 4; 4, part of corolla • ,

within, showing lanate base of lobe, x 4; 5, pistil, x 4; 6, upper surface ot

X 22-5; 7, lower surface of leaf, X 22*5.

Tabula 3174.

STBYCHNOS MELINONIANA, Baill.

Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae.

(§ Intermediae) Melinoniana, Baill. in Bull. Soc. Linn. Par.

^ P- 256 (1880); Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1931, p. 487 ; inter species

sectionis hucusque cognitas foliis magnis, laciniis calycinis

sndatis vel obtusis, lobis corollae ubique densissime albo-lanatis,

ari ° diinidio superiore piloso distinguenda.

» ,

c - ru f e z altissime scandens, ramulis summis teretibus glaberrimis

purpurascentibus ad 2*5 mm. diametro; internodia

1 0 cr n. longa ; cirrhi glabri, 4-7 cm. longi. Folia in eodem frutice

ba a d ovata, apice attenuate acuta vel nonnunquam acuminata,

sit'd CUnea ta, 7*5-20 cm. longa, 3*5-10 cm. lata, coriacea, utrinque

8uH a ’ K^berrima, supra siccitate paliide olivacea vel brunnescentia,

Sery' 18 8ae P* U8 glaucescentia, quinquenervia usque conspicue quintupli¬

ng! 51 ’ jugo intimo a costa prope medium folium 1*5-3 cm. distante,

Cu 18 secundariis regulariter subhorizontalibus parallelisque, his

gU} 1 VenuIi8 ^rinque praesertim subtus valde reticulatis; petiolus

sigrescens, 5-11 mm. longus. Irjlorescentiae axillares, race-

br ey - a y r soideae, saepe a basi ramosae, cymis apice ramulorum

cm ' ^ on S ae » 1-2*5 cm. latae, ubique dense

Prim 6 * ^ r ^ e ^ ae » vel inf erne glabrescentes nigrescentes ; bracteae

ra riu ari{lG ovatae > obtusae, concavo-cymbiformes, ad 2 mm. longae,

*Sibri 0va ^°-lanceolatae, ad 3 mm. longae ; bracteae cymarum propriae

^Sgae 11 ^ *• k racte °l ae rotundato-ovatae, obtusae, vix ad 1*5 mm.

&lor €s y Clrc ^ er 1*2 mm. latae, extra hirtellae, conspicue ciliatae.

V{ Ude P^tameri, albi, suaveolentissimi. Calyx extra hirtellus, laciniis

C *^ a ^* s semiorbicularibus rotundatis vel late ovatis

except A mm * ^ on gis fere ad 1*5 mm. latis. Corolla extra basi glabra

Cat span P u Veru l en t°"tomentella i tubus cylindricus vel fere sub-

glab JAtUS ’ ^ ram * l°ngus, applanatus, ad 3 mm. latus, intus

* e dc;xi V? 1 ? xce P^ a albo-pilosus; lobi flore aperto patentes, demum

inti, 1 . ° i n ^ ores ’ lanceolati, acuti, 4-5 mm. longi, basi ad 1 *2 mm.

sbi^ue per totam longitudinem sed praesertim in medio

°^°rum ° a J0 'l ana, ti. Stamina flore aperto exserta, fauce inter bases

u stbera e yi 1 ] 11 ^ amen ti s conspicuis glabris 2-2*5 mm. longis ;

* altu 0n ? ae> * ^ mm * longae. Opartum ovoideo-subglobosum,

1 inm. diametro, diinidio superiore valde albo-pilosum ;

stylus interne pilosus, ceterum glaber, cum stigmate capitato 3-5-6 mm-

longus. Fructus immaturus viridis, obovoideus, apiculatus, ad 11 mm-

longus, ad 8 mm. diametro.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, 26 Sept-

1929, Sandwith , 342. Bush-rope with hard hook-like tendrils in mora-

morabukea forest. Flowers white, white-woolly within, strongly and

sweetly scented of Philadelphus. Moraballi Creek, in mixed forest,

5 Oct. 1929, Sandwith , 377. Young fruit green. Vernacular name

“ White Devil-Doer.”

French Guiana. Without locality, Melinon (Herb. Paris.).

The original description of S. Melinoniana , Baill., was based 011

material without flowers, and is somewhat misleading, the leaves being

described as three-nerved at the base, and the sepals as acute. When

the fine flowering material collected by the Oxford Expedition in

British Guiana, upon which the above description is based, was coni'

pared with the type of S. Melinoniana in the Paris Herbarium,

were found to agree remarkably well. The sepals of the type were,

in fact, rounded or obtuse, and could not reasonably be described a 9

acute. An important feature of this species is the great variability 1 ^

the venation of the leaves which, on the same plant, may be fl u1 ^

quenerved or very conspicuously quintuplinerved, the inner pa* r

nerves arising a long distance above the base. This breaks down 0

character that has been used for separating the closely allied S.

deri , Gilg, of French Guiana, which was also described without floW e J

The type collection ( Melinon , 430) of S. Solerederi has been exaIllin ^ 0

in the Paris Herbarium, and it is certainly remarkably c ^? se - IlC t

S. Melinoniana ; but it may be retained for the present as a distij^

species on the ground of the narrower, more acute sepals ana-

glabrous apex of the very young fruit. ..

The leaves of S. Melinoniana resemble also those of S. ^^ sc ^.n^ ra e.

Rich. Schomb., and S. smilacina , Benth., in the section Long 1 ] 1

S. cogens , Benth., which was described without flowers, differs i

indumentum of the branchlets and the veins of the lower surface o ^

leaves, which have a much finer and more intricate reticulation* ^

other possibly allied species described without flowers, S. pan 117

Sprague et Sandwith, differs in the narrow, somewhat acute cal) x

and the glabrous ovary; while S. gigantea , Barb. Rodr., lia ner veS

acuminate leaves, more rounded at the base, their secondary j.

ascending, instead of subhorizontal, and far less regular and P ara . ,' 0l j

It is satisfactory to be able to emend and complete the t

of S. Melinoniana , after an examination of the type, and to | j ane jyo,

flowering material to many Herbaria (New York, Ri° e p elie v»>

Utrecht, Berlin, Paris, Washington, Stockholm, Leningra ,

Vienna, Chicago).—N. Y. Sandwith.

o. 3, flower*

FlO. 1, flowering branch, with tendrils, X § ; 2, inflorescence, X ' » ^ g.

X 4 ; 4, interior of corolla, with stamens, X 4 ; 5, pistil, X 6 ; *

Tabula 3175.

STRYCHNOS TOMENTOSA, Behth.

Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae.

8 * (§ Longiflorae) tomentosa, Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc. f Bot. vol. i.

P- 104 (1857); Progel in Mart. FI. Bras. vol. vi. pars i. p. 271 (1868) ;

* hxiferae , Rob. Schomb. ex Benth. affinis, ramulis pubescentibus

° c patenti-hirsutis, foliis supra pubescentibus subtus dense lanato-

^ntosis, laciniis calycinis ovatis brevibus differt.

r utex altissirae scandens, ramulis summis novellis pilis fulvis

e 88 i B P u k escen tik U8 ; cirrhi juniores dense pubescentes. Folia

ata usque elliptica vel oblonga, apice acuta, obtusa atque mucronata,

tot ^^dato-truncata atque breviter cuspidata, basi obtusa vel

sic Un <iata, 2-8 cm. longa, 1 - 3-6 cm. lata, membranacea, opaca, supra

8 Ubt^ e °^ vaceo ' n *g rescen ti a pilis brevibus haud densis pubescentia,

fulvo-viridia dense molliter lanato-tomentosa, quintuplinervia

8 aepixx s septuplinervia, nervis in medio folio fere aequidistantibus

Petn lmpres 8 issu ^ tlls P r °minentibus venulis satisconspicuereticulatis ;

W°. lua fulvo-pubescens, ad 5 mm. longus. Injlorescentiae ramulos

4.5 nan tes, satis laxe corymboso-thyrsoideae atque pauciflorae, ad

Cn . 1 - diametro, ubique adpresse fulvo-pubescentes; pedunculus

0 Uiu ar - 8 vulgo 2-3 cm. longus. Flores pentameri; laterales cymae

ex Ce ! C ! Ue c °nspicuc ad 5 mm. pedicellati, siccitate limbo intus albo

a<l jJp? * er *uginei. Calyx laciniis ovatis acuminatis ad 2-5 mm. longis

tuV> u 0 lnm * latis, extra fulvo-pubescentibus intus glabris. Corollae

8 uh a j a( * ^ “1 cm. longus, 1*5-2 mm. latus, extra dense patule vel

P rae ditus, intus superne dense lanatus inf erne glaber, apice

ptg^u 0 J08 coronam 1 mm. altam apice densissime albo-lanatam

praed}f ' U8 ’ ^ ance °l a ti, patentes vel reflexi, extra indumento tubi

8 aep e *’ ln tus breviter albo-lanati, pulverulenti, basin versus siccitate

8 Picu e ^ )l J r J >urasce ^ es - Stamina sub lana coronae affixa, e fauce con-

*Vato,!? erta ’ Hl aine utis glabris 0-75 mm. longis; antherae late

HUb g , o ;; on ^> 0*6 mm. longae, 0-5 mm. latae. Ovarium glabrum,

Sg U8 a d 1 mm. altum ; stylus glaber*'longe exsertus, ad 1 -6 cm.

^ e isen ^ \ U f$ us ignotus. — S. rhexioides , Klotzsch in Rich. Schomb.

* v °l- m. p. 1144 (1848), nomen.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, 25 Oct. 1929,

Sandwith , 524 : a bush-rope with tendrils, in mixed forest on hill;

leaves soft and tomentose (pale greenish in the fresh state) beneath ;

corolla-tube green with spreading rusty hairs ; limb a beautiful p ure

white within, brownish-sericeous on the back. Roraima, 1843,

Schomburgk , 723 (1095B), in Herb Kew., Cantab., Paris. Rich-

Schomburgk (l.c.) gives the locality as “ stony wooded slopes near

Pirara.”

This rare and beautiful species had apparently not been collected,

since Schomburgk met with it, until its rediscovery in 1929. As

Schomburgk’s specimen in the Kew Herbarium is very poor, the fine

material gathered by the Oxford University Expedition to British

Guiana is particularly welcome. Specimens have been distributed t°

the Herbaria at New York, Rio de Janeiro, Utrecht, Berlin, Paris*

Washington, Stockholm, Geneva, and Leningrad.—N. Y. Sandwith.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, X § ; 2, calyx, showing one of the bracteoles, >< ’

3, corolla laid open, showing corona and stamens, X 4 ; 4, part of corolla

within, showing insertion of corona-lobe, X 4; 5, pistil, X 4 ; 6, upper suria

of leaf, X 30; 7, lower surface of leaf, X 30.

Tabula 3176.

DIANTHUS RUPICOLA, Biv.

Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae.

o ru Pic°l a , Biv. Sic. PL cent, prima , p. 31, t. 1 (1806); Presl , Flor.

(ISftQ VoP P* *45 (1826); Pojero , Ftor. Sicula, vol. i. pars 1, p. 163

88 ); Fieri et Paoktti, Flor. Anal. Ital. vol. i. p. 377 (1898) ( rupicolus ),

a ®’ (1899); a D. arboreo , L., foliis lanceolato-linearibus vel

s^stissime oblanceolatis valde acutis fere planis facile distinguitur.

\ yffrutex glaberrimus, viridi-glaucus, inferne lignosus, superne

. a ^us, usque ad 5*5 dm. altus, valde ramosus, ramis dense caespi-

8U | ls ^™is erectis vel e rupibus dependentibus inferne teretibus superne

obi etra ^ on ^ s * Folia numerosa, lanceolato-linearia vel angustissime

7 ance olata, valde acuta, inferne angustata, usque ad 6 cm. longa et

<*• lata, coriacea, vix carnosa, supra encrvia, infra leviter sub-

la^ exa carinata, caulina remotiuscula ; vagina 2-3 mm. longa et

b ra .\ Flores 4-23, dense fasciculati, saepissime in ramulis binis superne

congesti; bracteae 6 - 10 -jugae, imbricatae, infimae lineares,

cu 8 p U ] atae » sequentes gradatim majores, oblongo-ovatac, abrupte

cyij. * i atae > nmltinerviae, margine membranaceae et ciliolatae. Calyx

tubo 2-2*5 cm. longo longitudinaliter tenuiter sulcato-

° 8 ae P e P^ us Diinusve purpureo, dentibus lanceolatis acute

al iqu ma ^ 4 mm. longis 1*5 mm. latis 10-11-nerviis saepissime

ob ^ 11 Um . c ^*°^ a ^ 8 * Fetala 3*5 cm. longa, lamina late obovata

* ac i 8 o«d Va ^ ^ an ^ ar * * * Cm ‘ ^ on ^ a * cm - lata letter irregulariter

Ru R*ri en ^ c ^ a ^ a pallide purpureo-rosea vel albida inferne in pagina

e ^ ter P u b e 8 ceiite. Antherae 2 mm. longae. Ovarium cylin-

lo^gj » ey iter sulcatum, 9 mm. longum, 2 mm. diametro ; styli 2 cm.

plan a • c ylindrica, 2 cm. longa, valvis patentibus. Semina fere

Ten. n ltu olliptica utrinque rotundata vel acuta.— D. Bisignani ,

Plor xr * Jrto hot. Princ. di Bisign. p. 13 (1805), nomen nudum, et

v°l. vi V ? 1 1 P* 228, t. 39 (1811-15), descr.; Reichb. PI. Crit.

29 nKRft\ C1 ’ S' (1828); Bot. Reg. vol. xxiv. (new series, vol. xi.)

WiI barnR * ; T Gu88one> Flor * Sic - Syn- vol. i* P* 478 (1842); F. N.

Mico*? 1 ^ nn * ®° c *» ^ 0t * v °l* p. 362 (1893). Z>.

* v\ ilid. Enum. Hort. Berol. p. 466 (1809) ? D. involucratus

Poir. in Lam. Encycl. suppl. vol. iv. p. 132 (1816) ? D. arborescens,

Hoffmgg. Verz. Pflanzenkult. p. 56 (1824) ?

Italy. “ Calabria,” Tenore ; Calabria, ad rupes maritimas prope

Scillam, 2.6.1877, Biondi.

Sicily. Sine loc., 1828, Jan . ; sine loc., 1830, Gussone ; rochers

calcaires a S. Maria del Gesu pres Palerme, 29.8.1834, A. Richard ;

in rupium fissuris ad littora maris, Termini, 7.7.1840, Herb. Heldreich ;

Palermo, 9.4.1845, Herb. R. C. Alexander Prior ; rochers a Taormina

26.7.1846, Cosson ; sine loc. et coll., 1847 ; Palermo, 1847, Todaro ;

ex rupibus praeruptis Siciliae, juxta Panormum (monte Pelegrino)>

11.1853, J. Ball ; in rupibus calcareis, Palermo, Herb. Churchill '

Palermo, Parlatore ; ad rupes calcareis Misilmeri, 25.7.1855, E. ct A-

Huet du Pavilion ; in rupibus calcareis, Palermo a S. Giro, Todaro , 1333.

in rupibus calcareis erectis sub Taormina, 100-200 m., 30.6.1377,

Huter, Porta et Rigo , ex itinere italico III., 459 ; in rupibus calc& r *

marit. M. Pellegrino, 10.1879, Lo Jacono in F. Schultz , herb, norm . 749,

in rupibus calcareis reg. inferiors, Palermo, 8.1898, H . Ross, ljjj \

Taormina, in rupibus montium solo calc., 14.7.1898, G . Rigo , 47* >

Panormum (Palermo), in rupibus montis Pellegrino, alt. 50-300 &•*

solo calcareo, 14.9.1912, A. Vaccari in Flor. Ital. Exsicc. ser. II. 1331 •

Crete. Cape Maleka, P. L. Giuseppi (cult, in hort. “ Trevor

Felixstowe/’ 26.9.1930).

The species here figured is of very considerable phytogeograp} 110 * 1 .

interest. It was placed, with ten other species, in the Sect. Suffrut lCOi

Subsect. Tubulosi by F. N. Williams (l.c.). The species of the su

section are, with one exception (D. rigidus , Bieb. from S.E. R us91 ,g

inhabitants of the Mediterranean basin, chiefly of its eastern P ar .

Williams’s classification has been somewhat modified by more reC ^

research, but the relationship of D. rupicola with D. fruticosus ,

D. arboreus , L. can scarcely be doubted. D. fruticosus is kno^ 11 rD

certainty only from rocks in the island of Seriphos, in the eC .

Cyclades, above the town of the same name. Sibthorp (Flor. ^

Prodr. vol. i. p. 289: 1806; et Flor. Graec. t. 407 : 1825) re . c °j[ or p’s

in insulae Seriphi rupibus, at rarissime. In insula Creta.” Sib

plant is correctly named (see Shaw and Turrill in Kew ; ne d.

p. 126), but no confirmation of its occurrence in Crete has been ° AaflO i fl

Heldreich (Flor. Cephal. p. 24 : 1882) records it from n ear ^ been

Cephalonia, but again confirmation is lacking as no specimen ‘

seen. Halacsy (Consp. Flor. Graec. Suppl. p. 19 : 1908) a ^

island Pholegandros, in the south-western Cyclades. D. ar p vc j a deS

a wider distribution, being known from several islands of the .^^ re te,

(Naxos, Paros, Cythnos, and Amorgos), from several localities i ^

from Cerigo, from Messenia, from Karpathos, and from n oted

Turning now to the distribution of D . rupicola , it shoul ’ r p eDor e

that the species has been known for a long time in cultivation. ^ 0 f

when he first recorded it, as D. Bisignani , did so as a gart en 1

Unknown origin. Bivona, in his account of the species, quotes “ Caryo-

Phyllus sylvestris vulgaris latifolius floribus conglobatis sive copulatis.

Hort. Calk. p. 40” (1696) as a synonym, probably correctly,

ivona himself does not quote an exact Sicilian locality for D. rupicola .

^he difficulty of being certain that the names D. suffruticosus , D. in -

volucratus, and D. arborescens are correctly referred to the synonymy

°* D. rupicola is partly due to their being based on garden material of

Unknown origin. Thanks, however, to the energy especially of Italian

c °llectors the distribution of D. rupicola , Biv. (D. Bisignani , Ten.) can

be mapped with a fair degree of accuracy. It occurs sporadically

°u maritime rocks, igneous and calcareous, on the northern and eastern

Q 0ast s of Sicily, in the Lipari and Egadian islands and in Lampedusa.

u the Italian mainland it is found in several localities in Otranto,

l^^ ca ta, and Calabria. Munby (Cat. Plant. Algeria, ed. 2, p. 6 :

p 66 ) records it from Algeria, “ prov. Alger r. r. (loc. Babor),” and

^ttandier an( I Trabut, Flor. de l’Alg^r. p. 144 (1888), give a short

Inscription an d quote Munby’s record without comment. In their

v 0r * Anal, et Synopt. p. 61 (1902), they record D. Bisignani , Ten.,

ar * fermaeensis for Tunis and do not refer to Munby. It is possible

a t all the North African material is D . hermae'ensis , Cosson, Ill. Flor.

8 o i.J nt - vol. i. p. 121, t. 76 (1890), which from the description, figure, and

Co 1 ar ^ 8 ^ ee ^ K ew appears to be a distinct, though allied species.

civ>° n recor( ^ s ^ from Cape Bon, near El Haouiria “ juxta locum a

jv 1 *te eversa (Hermamm) olim occupatum,” and from the island of

If e ^ eiret "Djamour (Zembra). Finally Dr. P. L. Giuseppi sent to

at a s P e cimen of D . rupicola , which he had growing in his garden

s ee i rev ose, Felixstowe, with the information that he grew it from

iute C °^ ectec * by himself at Cape Maleka in western Crete. The special

1S ^ a P e Maleka (and perhaps other parts of the Akrotiri

b eet | nsu ^ a ) is a well-known locality for D. arboreus , that species having

It ?? * ec t e< i there by Sieber, Heldreich, Baldacci, and Gandoger.

cl 08e i aus . appears that we have a small group of morphologically

vi Pft species, showing in the main a distinct but essentially

Cari o U8 distribution:

j) f^wosus : W. Cyclades.

ccw a? c ° k reus : Crete, S. Greece, Cyclades eastwards to islands off the

of Asia Minor.

B, • Sicily and Sicilian islands, S. Italy, W. Crete.

mae znsx8 : Tunis (and ? Algeria).

• C °*Uinon mS a reasona ble conclusion that these have evolved from a

*^ r asp e ‘ l 5 1Ce8t;o r> niOrphological differences not being amalgamated into

^°cks C11C P°ly mor phism because of essential isolation of diverging

K, c a ' m m° r variations within D. rupicola have been recorded,

^cily. las a variety albijloruSy with white flowers, from near Termini,

folii8 na T s a variet r virescens f with the description

loribus virentibus angustioribus,” and quotes for it many

Sicilian islands. Williams (I.c.) ranges, without descriptions, the

following under D. Bisignani : (a) glaucus (presumably what he regards

as the typical plant); (b) mridescens , Guss. (presumably = var. virescens ,

Guss.) ; (c) albiflorus , Presl; and (d) hermae'ensis, Coss. (sp.).

W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size; 2, bracts, X 2; 3, a single bract, X

4, calyx, X 2 ; 5, apex of calyx-lobe, X 20; 6, petal, X 2 ; 7, stamen, X -»

8, pistil, X 2 ; 9, young seeds, X 10.

Tabula 3177.

RHAMNUS RHODOPEUS, Vel.

Rhamnaceae. Tribus Rhamneae.

R. rhodopeus, Vel. Flor. Bulg. p. 119 (1891), et Suppl. p. 63 (1898);

.tyyanojy in God. Sof. Univ. vol. xv.-xvi. p. 107 (1921); Bornmuller

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. lix. p. 459 (1925); Hayek , Prodr. Flor. penins.

Ualcan. vol. i. p. 612 (1925) ; Bornmuller in Fedde , Repert. vol. xxix.

P- 37/341 (1931); a R. tinctorio , W. et K., foliis utrinque velutino-

Pubescentibus differt.

Erutex vel arbor parva, usque ad 4*6 m. alta, valde ramosa, ramulis

Priino dense pubescentibus deinde laevibus griseo-rubro-nigris apice

^pissinie spinescentibus. Folia late elliptica vel elliptico-obovata,

gpice rotundata vel obtusa, basi rotundata vel (subvar. subcuneatus ,

cr^ rnrn ’ l.c. p. 459 : 1925) cuneata, petiolo excluso saepissime 1 *5-3*3

• sed usque ad 3*8 cm. longa (Tedd, 585), 0*9-2*5 cm. lata, in pagina

ra que pj ug m i nusve dense velutino-pubescentia, margine serrulato-

^ e &ulata, costa nervisque supra leviter impressis infra prominentibus,

te ^ Vls lateralibus gracilibus utrinque 3-5 arcuatis mox vel tarde in

^ venosum dissolutis; petioli 0*3-1 *4 cm. longi, breviter pubes-

tetr ° S Elores axiHares, fasciculati, ramulorum apices versus aggregate

ft atri eri > pedicelli circiter 5 mm. longi, leviter papilloso-puberuli.

Se 7 )^/ acu ^ um ( cal y cis tubus) obconicum, 1*25 mm. longum, glabrum.

tata ^ ^ n 8 u ste elliptico-lanceolata, subacuta, 3 mm. longa, 1*25 mm.

P^Z« tr ^ nerv i ft , nerv ^ 8 lateralibus ad marginem arcuatis obscuris.

Eilu s P at bulato-linearia, emarginata, 1*5 mm. longa, 0*3 mm. lata.

0y r ^ ler !' ta subulata, 1*25 mm. longa; antherae 0*75 mm. longae.

big c | )ecmm i parvum, 1*25 mm. longum; stylus circiter ad medium

ior ius*\ ^ rucius obovoideus, 3-4 mm. longus, niger .—Rhamnus infec-

p. ’ Va r. pubescens , Griseb. Spic. Flor. rumel. et bithyn. vol. i.

in l) 0 }t843). R . tinctorius, W. et K., var. pubescens, Degen et Dorfler

R, ^ nks ^ hr * Math.-Naturw. Cl. K. Akad. Wiss. vol. lxiv. p. 717 (1897).

p. 74o^i9^g)^ ac ^'» Var * r h°d°P eus > Stoy. et Stef. Flor. Bulg. vol. ii.

in dum In colIi . nis ad Tekir, 9.6.1895 et 26.7.1897, Stfibrny;

18 8u bmontanis mt. Rodope, 5.1906, Adamovit.

^esto. CE *i. Mes t a ValJ ey, rocky side-valley off main river valley, on

e > 17.5.1931, a tree, height about 15 ft., Tedd, 585.

In addition to the above specimens, preserved in the Herbarium

at Kew, the following records must be noted : Grisebach, l.c., gives

“in fruticetis pr. Ruskoi Chersonesi thracici sparsim alt. 6-800' (substr.

sax. aren.), rarius in sylva mixta m. Athus alt. 1200'-2600' (substr.

marm.); in Macedonia (Friv.) FI. Maj. Jun. M.” Velenovsky, in

addition to Tekir, records the species from “ in rupestribus calidis

calcareis supra Stanimaka (yel.). ,, This would be from the northern

foot-hills of the Rodope and is Velenovsky’s type. Degen and Dorfler

(l.c.) record it from “ Macedonia centralis. In declivibus rupium inter

RoSzdan et Allchar; 21 Jun.” Stoyanoff, l.c. 1921, collected &

rhodopeus from near Gabrovo, on the northern foot-hills of the Belasica

(Belasitsa) Planina.

Bornmuller, l.c. 1925, collected it in 1891 on Athos and in 1918-19

in various localities in North Macedonia (Southern Serbia or Vardar),

in the districts of Veles, Drenovo, Demirkapu, and Lake Doiran.

Lastly he records it, l.c. 1931, from the arid region of the high plain of

Central Anatolia, in the district around Angora (Ankara).

It is of interest that R. rhodopeus has been reduced by different'

authors to varietal rank under at least three distinct species, R • in “

fectorius (presumably of Visiani, non L., i.e. R. intermedins, Steud. et

Hochst.), R. tinctorius , and R. saxatilis. The indumentum of t^ e

mature leaves is an important taxonomic character and, though some¬

what variable according to age and habitat, distinguishes the spec ieS

from all its Near Eastern relatives. Velenovsky described the leaves as

broadly elliptic and obovate-elliptic, obtuse, and shortly attenuated a

the base. The size and especially the breadth of the leaves and the sbap

of the leaf-base vary very considerably. Bornmuller (1925) pubh s11

the name subvar. subcuneatus for specimens collected near Dreij 0 ^

and on the Marianska Planina, with narrower leaves (2-3 times as 1 p

as broad), whose cuneate base passes into a short petiole. Howev ^

there is such variation amongst leaves on the same specimen t <

extensive field-studies are essential before the taxonomic value ol ^

characters can be determined. The leaves in Tedd’s Thracian naateri

are larger than those in any other flowering specimens at Kew.

W. B. Turb ilL *

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, lower surface of leaf, X 19 ; & ^ .

of upper surface, X 10; 4, flower, X 6 ; 5, longitudinal section of flower, .

6, petal, adaxial view, X 12 ; 7, stamen, abaxial view, X 20; P 1S 1 ’

9, fruit, X 4.

Tabula 3178.

R HAMNUS RUPESTRIS, Scop., var. RUMELIACUS, Hayek.

Rhamnaceae. Tribus Rhamneae.

f^PGstris, Scop. FI. Carniol. ed. 2, vol. i. p. 164, t. 5 (1772), var.

a | acus , liayek , Prodr. Flor. penins. Balcan. vol. i. p. 1087 (1927);

CO rY*ta ®copoliana partibus omnibus majoribus, foliis saepius sub-

atror^K^ US( l Ue ad 3 m. altus, ramis vetustis cinereis glabris, jumoribus

)r °|brunneis leviter pilosis glabrescentibus. Folia elliptica,

emareit °b ov ato-elliptica, apice rotundata vel subobtusa rarissime

e xclu S0 T su bcordata ve l truncata, usque 7 cm. longa (petiolo

supra s ] ,r> . cm * lata, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-11, costa nervisque

P a gina ^ < ?^. 8 8U btus prominentibus, in pagina superiore glabra, in

glabres ^ * 0re cos ^ a nervisque inf erne praecipue pubescentia vel

Pctiolus^n 1 ^ mar S* ne inconspicue et irregulariter crenato-denticulata ;

Injloresce r ^ ^ cm * l° n 8 U8 > dense pubescens vel fere glaber.

pedunculu’ n ^°^ orum superiorum axillis positae, 3-10 florae;

lineares J* • cm * longus ; bracteae rarissime foliaceae, saepissime

cai ^panulat Cltei i * mm * longae ; pedicelli 3-4 mm. longi. Calyx sub-

2 mrn. i on U8> mm * longus, lobis 5 acutis ovato-triangularibus

Antherae 0 ^ eta ^ late obcordata, 1 mm. longa, 1*75 mm. lata.

1 mm. | f 0 mm * longae, filamentis subaequilongis. Stylus indivisus,

ftiv in pT gUs ; Fructus immaturus subglobosus. — R . rumeliaceus ,

0ra > J ahrg- xviii. vol. i. p. 332 (1835).

bush 4-(Wf ^authie-Shahin Road, 93 m., rock crevices, 10.6.1931,

ft. high, H. 0. Tedd, 614.

*U the na\vh\ U P e \ r i S was originally described from material collected

p8cripti on r ?f! r i00c * °* ^°rizia by P. Wulfen. It is obvious that the

leaves, which ers , to dwarf unarmed shrub, with relatively small

?? the Adriati 8 ° 1 i racte . r * s f ; i c °f the Karst areas to the north and east

, w and consid 'T. Xum * nat i on °f the rich material of the species at

? Ve ry polymnr^v 10n 8Ca ttered literature force one to recognise

fi ea * size and ^ 10 8 P ec * es - Variation is especially apparent in habit,

the other 8hape * anc * indumentum ; Q

extror f indumentum. The specimen here figured is

cine of variation, in habit and leaf size, from Scopoli’s

type. Frivaldszky (l.c.) described a Rhamnus from the Rodopes as

R. rumeliaceus. His description is not a very full one, but the

characters given agree with those shown by Tedd’s material except

for the words “ foliis . . . acutis .” Hayek (l.c.) quotes Simonkai,

Novem. Kozl. vol. vi. p. 57 (1907), as the author of the variety rumeliacus,

but Simonkai does not appear actually to have made the combination.

It must remain for future detailed field-work to describe how far varietal

names are desirable within this species, the more so that most collectors

have given no details of the habit of the plants from which their

specimens were taken. While Tedd’s specimens have the leaf apices

rounded, subobtuse, or, rarely, emarginate, it is probable that this is

a fluctuating character, since other sheets of the species at Kew show

a range from acute to rounded and emarginate. This is particularly

well seen in material collected by J&vorka in northern Albania

(M. Hekurave, in saxosis calc, ad faucem vallis Valbora ad pa£*

Margegaj, 450 m., 1.9.1918), and which is referred by the collector to

“ var. rumeliacus , (Friv.).”

The species, R. rupestris, as a whole, is distributed from northern

Italy and Carniola through Istria, Croatia, Dalmatia, Bosnia, Herce*

govina, Montenegro, Serbia, the Rodopes, N. Macedonia, Albania and

Epirus, to Greece. An interesting account of the typical (northern/

plant is given by Hegi, Illustr. Flor. Mittel-Eur. vol. v. part 1, p- ™

(1925). Ilegi keeps the genera Frangula and Rhamnus distinct, ant

evidently intended to use the name Frangula rupestris (Scop-/

Brongniart for the species under consideration. Actually the name

Rhamnus rupestris , Scop, heads the description within the g enUS

Frangula .—W. B. Turrill.

20 *

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, portion of lower surface of leaf, X * J

3, flower, X 6; 4, longitudinal section of flower, X 6; 5, 6, petal, abaxial

lateral views, X 12; 7, stamen, adaxial view, X 20; 8, pistil, X 12 ; 9 , fruit, X

Tabula 3179.

TEUCRIUM CRETICUM, L.

Labiatae. Tribus Ajugeae.

T. creticum, L. Sp. PI. p. 563 (1753); Sibth. et Smith , Flor. Graec.

rrodr. vol. i. p. 391 (1806) ; et Flor. Graec. t. 529 (1826); DC. Prodr.

/i°, Xl1 - P- 576 (1848); Unger et Kotschy , Die Insel Cypern , p. 275

U865); Holmboe , Stud. Veg. Cypr. p. 151 (1914); a T. brevifolio ,

I ,foliis linearibus vel elliptico-lincaribus supra glabris vel

e^brescentibus subtus dense albo-tomentosis, inflorescentiis saepe

e °ngatis facile distinguitur.

• ru tex erectus, ramosus, ramis elongatis, internodiis 1-7 • 5 cm. longis,

j. v enilibus dense albo-tomentosis, vetustis glabris. Folia, sessilia,

^ n ^aria vel elliptico-linearia, acuta, inferne angustata, usque ad

• °. crri - (saepissime circiter 3 cm.) longa, usque ad 5 mm. (saepissime

Ce rci ^ er 3-5 mm.) lata, marginibus revolutis, supra glabra vel glabres-

subtus dense albo-tomentosa, costa supra plus minusve impressa,

1 - 4 ^ 118 P rorn ^ nen ^ e * Inflorescentia 4-30 cm. longa, internodiis in anthesi

. c . In * longis, multiflora, in quaque superiore axilla floribus 1-3

b r . lSSllrie pluribus; folia superiora in bracteas gradatim transientia ;

^ a cteae floribus aequales vel paullo longiores ; pedunculus (1-3-florus)

7 ^ Ug a( ! 5 mm. longus ; pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi. Calyx campanulatus,

t r j 01 • lougus, extra albo-tomentosus, dentibus subaequalibus ovato-

^^luribus acuto-spinosis 2*5 mm. longis 2 mm. latis utrinque

lonT*^ 08 * 8, Corolla 1-4 cm. longa, pallidc purpurea, tubo 4 mm.

9 su perne abaxialiter saccato, labello 5-lobato. Filamenta 8 et

gK,j lrtl ‘ l°uga, glanduloso-hispidula. Ovarium dense albo-tomentosum ;

tom ll V cm \ l° n £ us * Nuculae 4 mm. longae, superne dense albo-

v ^rtJ u? Sae> - * n ^ erne glabrescentes.— T. hyssopifolium , Schreb. Plant,

fin hi ‘ unda, k* gon. et sp. p. 28 (1774). T. rosmarinifolium , Lam.

T Y cl - vol. ii. p . 693 (1786); Boiss. Flor. Or. vol. iv. p. 806 (1879).

nar ama7iien.se, Cav. Descr. p. 82 (1827).

Ca lcii! A ^ 1N0R * Village de Bouloukli, pres de Mersina (Cilicie). Coteaux

(W 8 de Ia chaude, 8.6.1855, Balansa , 526.

Rot Sc i 1 qo ® <re< l uens inter Panteleimon et Paleo Milo, 24.5.1862,

’ ad ru P es P r - Bellapais, 27.5.1880, Sintenis et Rigo, 565 ;

Svft lA n 8 f7 renia » 3.1902, Lascelles ; Kyrenia, 6.1926, Houston.

e ntr e u ' ^ lne l° c -» 1845, Pinard ; collines calcaires, Kherbet-Besre

»in e loo 1 o' et Maktara > 14.6.1853, Blanche , 1598 (Reliquiae Mailleanae);

fi^Usairv * • 19-1860, Hooker and Hanbury ; Liban, GaHlardot. Monts

env. de Massiaa, 610-760 m., 6.1910, Haradjian , 3431.

Palestine. “In deserto S. Joannis ” et “ Arimath.,” Sieber ;

desert de St. Jean, Aucher-Eloy , 1587; Carmel, 4.1846, Boissier ;

Judaea, in montibus calc, ad Bab-el-Wad ditionis Latrun, 16.5.1897,

Bornmuller , 1323. Mt. Carmel, rocky hill-sides, 9.5.1913, Meyers,

B. 2818 ; “ from the country round Jerusalem,” 1919, Campbell.

It is unfortunate that Linnaeus, apparently through accepting

Bauhin’s Folium angustifolium creticum as a synonym, adopted the

trivial creticum for this species. Halacsy, Consp. Flor. Graec. vol. b*

p. 470 (1902), says “ indicatur a Linnaeo in Creta, ubi tamen sec.

Boiss fl. or. iv. p. 806 non crescit.” Hayek, Prodr. Flor. penins. Balcan-

vol. ii. p. 242 (1929), describes the species, and gives Crete with ft

question mark. I have seen no Cretan material and no reliable record

of the plant from Crete. The nomenclature has been further confused

by Lamarck describing as T. creticum , Lam. non L., the congeneric

but quite distinct species T. brevifolium , Schreb., which is not un¬

common in Crete, though not endemic there. Lamarck’s name

the plant here figured, T . rosmarinifolium, is adopted by Boissier,

Nyman, and other authors as descriptively accurate and therefore p re '

ferable to Linnaeus’s “ nomen incongruum.” Some of the figures

quoted in the Index Londinensis under Teucrium creticum represent

T. creticum , L. and others T. creticum , Lam. (T. brevifolium, Schreb.)*

T. creticum , L. is essentially a plant of the countries bordering the

eastern Mediterranean. It is not uncommon in parts of Cyprus, Syr ia >

and Palestine, and extends north to Cilicia. According to Nyman, & lK

also to Fiori and Paoletti (Flor. Anal. Ital. vol. iii. p. 11: 1903), it occurs

also in the island of Lampedusa to the south of Sicily. Sommier in his

work, “ Le isole pelagic Lampedusa, Linosa, Lampionc e la loro flora

(Boll. Ort. Bot. Palermo, vol. v. Append. 1906, p. 132), states that i

has been collected on Lampedusa by Gussone. Striking and undoubte

instances of discontinuous distribution occur in the eastern Medite

ranean area, but further confirmation of the accuracy of Gussone

record is much to be desired.

The plant flourishes especially in dry, rocky and stony P^ aC . ’

particularly on calcareous hill-slopes. Holmboe (l.c. 280) records *

in Cyprus, as a constituent of the Shinia-Maquis, i.e. maquis or macc

with Pistacia Lentiscus as a dominant shrub. i ( , r

The leaves, with their glabrous or glabrescent, apparently ra ^

dark green upper surfaces and tomentose under surfaces, bear a s r ^ a |jy ?

superficial resemblance to those of Rosmarinus officinalis. Structure ^

the peculiar abaxial, erect, sac-like enlargement of the upper pait ° ^

rather short corolla-tube is the most interesting feature. 1111

if any, must be studied in living material.—W. B. Turrill.

Fio. 1, la, flowering branch, natural .size ; 2, 3, flower, abaxial and

X 2 ; 4, corolla, laid open, showing stamens and pistil, X 2 ; o, coro L; 0 o of

view, X 2; 6, calyx and nutlets, from above, X 6; 7, transverse

nutlets, X 6.

Tabula 3180 .

SCILLA ALBANICA, Turrill.

Liliaceae. Tribus Scilleae.

S. albanica, Turrill in Kew BuU. 1932, p. 197 ; a S. messeniaca , Boiss.,

u lbo elongato, floribus minoribus, ovario late obpyramidato differt.

Bulbus elongatus, 3*5 cm. longus, 1-1 cm. diametro, tunicis pallide

r bnneis instructus. Folia 3, synanthia, linearia, plana, apice breviter

^abrupte acutata, basi longe attenuata, 10 cm. longa, 4-8 mm. lata,

S a bra, nervis 13-19. Scapus gracilis, glaber, 10*5 cm. longus, racemo

v at° 12 -floro, pedicellis erecto-patulis 3*5 mm. longis, bracteis minu-

88 iixi e deltoideis 0 • 5 mm. longis. Perigoniiphylla subpatentia, oblongo-

^ptica, apice subobtusa et papillosa, 5 mm. longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata,

atf Vl ^ G ^ Ur caeru ^ eo “ v ^°^ acea * Filamenla 3 mm. longa, apicem versus

enuata, basi vix dilatata, caeruleo-violacea; antherae atro-

X° *****> 1*5 mm. longae. Ovarium late trigono-obpyramidatum,

mm - longum, 1*75 mm. diametro ; stylus 2*5 mm. longus.

Alb

Cori - e 8 pecies, S. messeniaca , Boiss., with which S. albanica has been

Lac ra - 8tec * ft bove, is known only from the Peloponnese (Messenia,

its v° ma ’ * anc ^ Arcadia). The more widely spread S. bifolia , L.—with

otho ‘ lrie ties nivalis (Boiss.) Baker and pohjphylla, Boiss.—is the only

$ i y species calling for comment here. S . albanica differs from

t^ e la * n the shape of the bulb, the larger number of smaller flowers,

It P ec ^ ce i 8 > an( l the reduced number of ovules.

Up ^ he remarked that three ovaries were dissected in drawing

Uo t T ° ^ escr iption. In one a single ovule was found, in the others

ace °I °vules could be discovered.—W. B. Turrill.

^ 4 ; 3^'fl n ^* re natural size ; 2, portion of rhachis, with bracts and flower,

°" er » 8 een from above, X 4 ; 4, transverse section of ovary, X 12.

IAN ia. Oloman, rocks, 1900 m., 23.6.1930, Giuseppi 39.

Tabula 3181 .

ALLIUM BIDENTATUM, Fisch.

Liliaceae. Subfamilia Allioideae.

(Rhiziridium) bidentatum, Fisch. apud Prokhanov in Prokhanov

, on nikov-Galitzky y Compte rendu prelim, exped. Mongol. 1926 , in

a ter. Commiss. Etude Rep. Mongol, etc ., vol. ii. p. 83 (1929), in adnot. ;

A %n J ar d- Bot. Princ. URSS , vol. xxix. p. 564, fig. v. (1930) ;

•$wo< angulato, Regel, proximum, sed perianthii segmentisinaequilongis

qn i lC f. °btu8iusculis, bulborum tunicis nunquam in fibras reticulatas

Sol utis distinctum.

I Perennis. Rhizoma non visum. Radices fasciculatae, circiter

crass* ip r ? ssae ‘ Bulbi aggregati, angustissimi, subcylindrici, 2-3 mm.

e q lj *°liorum vaginis fibroso- (haud reticulato-) solutis vestiti. Folia

brevi°^ Ue plerumque 3-4, angustissime plano-filiformia, scapo

i^Voluf 8, vel raro ei subaequilonga, striatula, marginibus inferne saepe

Scap u , °~ a Pproximatis sub lente minutissime papilloso-scaberulis.

an gulis i U8que 3*7 dm. altus, erectus, strictus, tenuiter angulatus,

aequ ang Spatha parva, hyalina, pedicellos sub anthesin vix

Perianth* ^mbella capsulifera, hemisphaerica, pedicellis subaequilongis

viyj (t ^ su ^ >aec I uan tibus gracilibus laevibus. Flores siccitate rosei,

^aeq u ij GS e Prokhanov) saturate purpurei. Perianthii segmenta

8 u bacut° n ^ a - : exter ^ ora adscendentia, elliptica, subobtusa usque

elliptic^’ a piculata, 4-5 mm. longa ; interiora erecta, late

^ ev iter e Ve ov &to-elliptica, apice rotundato-obtusa, nonnunquam

a nnulnn i r } )Sa ’ m ^ nu ^ e apiculata, 6-7 mm. longa. Filamenta basi in

exterior reven ? ?°nnata, perianthii segmentis interioribus subbreviora:

°l ) cuneat 81In P^ c1a > subulato-filiformia, interiora anguste usque late

Tiasi hurn SU ^ erne cuspide antherifera truncata et denticulo vel

°. v °ideum le - ru .° utr i n que praedita; antherae oblongae. Ovarium

s ^plici. , ^ lrcite 7 r ^ mm - longum, stylo filiformi 3 mm. longo, stigmate

lente . obovoideo-globosa, circiter 3-5 mm. diametro,

vel U t U f 18S * me P unctu l ata - Semina in quoque loculo gemina,

? la ttietro nit? etra S on °-cuneiformia, circiter 2-5 mm. longa, 1 mm.

p v * 2] p llT^ /ewu ^ imwM » Regel in Act. Hort. Petrop. vol. iii.

p art ^ non Linn. A. polyrrhizum , Turcz., y

Alr y-Sha’w in M 1 ! Ac £ Hort - Petrop. vol. x. p. 340(1887). A.omiostema,

n Notes R °y- Bot. Card. Edinb vol. xvi. p. 144 (1931).

Siberia. Transbaikalia: “ Dahuria,” Fischer (syntype ?) ; in

campis apricis transbaicalensibus, 1833 [ Turczaninov]; lacus Baical,

pars borealis, Radde ; Nertschinsk, in Steppen, 1889, F. Karo , 120.

China. Chihli: Mt. Gulick, Kalgan, 11 Aug. 1921, N. H. Cowdnj ,

1889 ; high exposed rocks, Kalgan, Aug. 1921, N. H. Cowdnj , 1982.

Przhevalsky’s specimen from Kansu, cited by me (l.c. 145) under

Allium omiostema , Airy-Shaw, is probably A. dentigerum , Prokhanov

(Bull. Jard. Bot. Princ. URSS, vol. xxix. p. 563, fig. iv.: 1930).

and may be syntype material: if so, I am unable to find sufficient

distinctions to separate it specifically from A. hidentatum , Fischer.

In the absence of definitely authenticated material, however, I am

unwilling to make the reduction.—H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, flowering stem, natural size; 2, base of flowering stem, natural size \

3, habit, X 1; 4, outer porianth-sogment, x 4 ; 5, inner perianth-segment, X 4 ;

6, perianth and stamens, from within, X 4 ; 7, pistil, X 6 ; 8, longitudinal section

of pistil, X 6 ; 9, capsule, X 4 ; 10, seed, X 8.

Tabula 3182.

ALLIUM ZIMMERMANNIANUM, Gilg.

Liliaceae. Subfamilia Allioideae.

A. (Rhiziridium) Zimmermannianum, Gilg in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.

v °b xxxiv. suppl. 75, p. 23 (1904); Loesener in Beih. Bot. Centralbl.

T? 1 - xxxvii. sect. 2, p. 99, tab. 2, fig. B-D (1919); Airy-Shaw in Notes

f°.V- Bot. Gard. Edinb. vol. xvi. p. 145 (1931); ab A. anisopodio,

R <lcb., caulibus pedicellisque sub lente valdo papilloso-scabris, floribus

Pmchre roseo-sanguineis distinguitur.

i . er b(i perennis. Rhizoma circiter 4 mm. crassum. Radices fascicu¬

li b 1 mm. crassi. Bulbi solitarii vel bini, angustissimi, caulis basi

^ x crassiores, foliorum vaginis hyalino-membranaceis parallelinerviis

reticulatis inclusi. Folia linearia, angustissima, plana, circiter

tot scapo plerumque breviora, nervis marginibusque fere

lon <l on S^ u dine papilloso-scabra, inferne in vaginas circiter 12-14 cm.

terf aS ^ US m * nus 8U bito dilatata. Scapus erectus, usque 5 dm. altus,

acabj* e eVa t°“Pluristriatus, angulis (maxime superne) valde papilloso-

ls ’ a Picem versus fuscescens, ipso apice subito ampliatus. Spatha

m em | Va ’ °vata, plus minus acuminata, circiter 1*2 cm. longa,

fi ub»l vf nacea , a ^ida. Umbella capsulifera, hemisphacrica usque

adi n ° t Josa > multiflora, pedicellis plus minus aequilongis nigrescentibus

f osei 8 ft p^ r ? ae P er angulos papilloso-scabris. Flores saturate sanguinco-

inferj / erian }hii segmenta subaequilonga, suberecta, nervo medio

ac uta l< P rom i nen te percursa, exteriora anguste elliptico-oblonga, sub-

subcu Usc ^ Ue R ubobtusa, circiter 4 mm. longa, interiora vix longiora,

lo ng a ^’oblonga, apice obtusissima subito subtruncata, 4*5 mm.

mentis , , mtwa subaequilonga, ima basi connata et perianthii seg-

eir c it e ^ na ^ a * ex teriora late subulata, basi abruptiuscule expansa,

ovato-o CiUaS P artes perianthii longitudinis aequantia, interiora late

ae< lUant C i UI • 11Ila ^ a, *"’*'** mm. lata, circiter tres partes perianthii

circit er T k an ^erae ovato-oblongae. Ovarium globoso-ovoideum,

ae 9uilong ° mi ?‘ diametro, siccitate nigrum ; stylus filiformis, sub-

ttim. diamt 8 ^® ma ^ e simplici. Capsula late obovoidea, obtusa, 2*5

n *gra J ne , ro ’.°^ 8cure 3-sulcata, sub lente minutissime foveolata,

vol x ^-tenunsimum

’ X ‘ P- 3*2 (1887) ?

Y purpureum , Hegel in Act. Hort. Petrop.

China. Chihli: Kalgan, mountain side, 7 July 1921, N. H. Cowdry,

1625 ; Kalgan, high rock ledges, 29 July 1921, N. H. Cowdry , 1830 :

“ Flowers crimson.” Shensi: Wu-tai-shan, 1876, W. Hancock (Kew

Distrib. no. 78).

This very beautiful and apparently rare species is a close ally of

Allium anisopodium , Ledeb. and A. tenuissimum , L. Other species

show the same type of scabridity on either the pedicels or the leaves

(e.g. A. Farreri , Stearn, A. anisopodium , Ledeb.), but not to the same

remarkable extent. Under a lens the pedicels look like a coarse file-

A. Zimmermannianum was originally described from specimens collected

by Nebel and by Zimmermann in the vicinity of Kiau-tschau, Shantung.

Being now known from three provinces of northern China, it may be

expected to occur in the intervening and adjacent provinces.

Loesener’s figure, drawn apparently from a poor specimen in bud,

is hardly recognizable.—H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, portion of pedioel, X 20 ; 3, perianth-leaves (two

outer and one inner) from without, X 4 ; 4, the same, from within, showing

stamens, x 4; 5, pistil, X 6; 6, longitudinal section of pistil, X 6 ; 7, capsule,

X 4; 8, seed, X 8.

Tabula 3183 .

ASCOPHOLIS GAMBLEI, C. E . C. Fischer .

Cyperaceae. Subfamilia Scirpoideae.

Ascopholis, C . E. C. Fischer in Kew Bull. 1931, p. 104; genus inter

Mariscum et Ascolepidem medium ; ab illo squamella utriculari evoluta,

a b hoc caulis basi tumida, spiculis 1-floris, ab utroque gluma secunda

8 pathiformi differt.

Spiculac anguste lanceolatae, uniflorae, floribus omnibus hermaphro-

^itis. Glumae 2, oppositae, subhyalinae, inferiori vacua, altera florifera

lS Pathacea. Rhachilla supra glumas 2 vacuas disarticulans, tuberculo

^bboso relicto. Squamella hypogyna utriculiformis, glumam excedans,

8u btus integra, supra longitudinaliter aperta florcm includens. Seta

v el unica, brevis. Stamina 3 ; antherae lineares, paullo exsertae.

stylus cum ovario continuus, basi haud incrassatus, ramis stigmatosis

v el 3 filiformibus. Nux squamella inclusa, sessilis, anguste oblonga,

Plano-convexa vel obtuse subtrigona.— Herbae ; caules solitarii, basi

Urn idi, squamis carnosis involuti. Folia angusta ad basi caulis

j^nferta. Spiculae in spicas breves oblongas densissime confertae,

err *dnales, intra bracteas lineares foliaceas valde inaequales sessiles.

^amblei, C. E. C. Fischer , l.c. 105, species unica.

^ ^ er ba erecta, glabra, radicibus fibrosis. Caulis solitarius, striatus,

? Sl tumidus, vaginis interne carnosis albis superne scariosis ferru-

c^o^punctatis 4-10 cm. longis involutus. Folia compluria, supra

u is basin turgidam conferta, filiformia vel anguste linearia, caulem

^ Uan tia vel superantia ; vaginae membranaceae, ore truncatae.

lcae °blongae, circiter 1 cm. longae, 3 usque complures in capitulo

80 su hgloboso sessiles. Bracteae 4, lineares e basi lata, acuminatae,

]on^ Ua ^ es » ^inimae circiter 1 cm. longae, maximae circiter 7 cm.

8 T>ir*^r Spiculae lineares, uniflorae, in rhachillam satis robustam

re j- a ^ er insertac, jam delapsae tuberculo parvo interdum marginato

(’lumae 2, oppositae, hyalinae, punctis ferrugineis plus minus

a cut a ^ ae ’ Ven °sae ; gluma inferior abaxialis, oblonga vel lanceolata,

fo c ^ nca va, carinata, 2*7-3 mm. longa, vacua ; adaxialis spathi-

mm ' longa, rotundata, parte inferiore 0*5-0*8 mm.

ubulari. Squamella solitaria, utricularis, 3 *5-3 *8 mm. longa,

facie adaxiali circiter ad medium supra aperta, apice obtusa, venosa,

pallide brunnea, punctis ferrugineis saepe maculata, florem includens.

Seta 0 vel unica, abaxialis, capillaris, alba, levis, ovario multo brevior.

Stamina 3, adaxialia ; antherae lineares, 1-2-1-5 mm. longae, paullo

exsertae. Stylus cum ovario continuus, 0-75-1 mm. longus ; stigmata

2 vel 3, 1-1-5 mm. longa, glabra. Nux anguste oblonga, plano-

convexa vel obtuse subtrigona, circiter 2-5 mm. longa, fusco-brunnea ;

cellulae extimae minutae, obtuse hexagonae.

India. Madras Presidency at Ootacamund in the Nilgiri Hills,

2100 m., June 1884, J. S. Gamble , 14279.

The generic name Ascoj)holis is derived from darx6<;, sack, and

90 Xls, scale, in allusion to the sack-like squamella.—C. E. C. Fischer.

Fig. 1, an entire plant, natural size; 2, spikelet; 3, lower glume; 4, upper

glume ; 5, flower enclosed in squamella ; 6, squamella, with flower removed,

adaxial view ; 7, young flower, with seta ; 8, nut. Figs. 2-8, X 12.

Tabula 3184.

THELLUNGIA ADVENA, Staff.

Gramineae. Tribus Eragrosteae.

T. advena, Stapf ex Thell. in Viertelj. Nat. Ges. Zurich , vol. bxiv.

p. 814 (1919), nomen ; et ex Probst in Mitteil Naturf. Ges. Solothurn ,

1914-19, Heft vi. Ber. xviii. p. 17, cum tab. (1920), nomen, et m

Kew Bull. 1920, p. 98, fig. p. 99, descr.; species generis unica.

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum, inflorescentia inclusa ad 1 2 m.

altum ; innovationes intravaginales, basi leviter bulboso-mcrassa ae.

Culmi e rhizomate brevi erecti vel leviter geniculati, graciles, ere es,

rigiduli, simplices, raro ramosi, 2 - 4 -nodes, glabri laevesque. o ta

pallide viridia vel glauca, glabra vel pilis paucis ore vaginarum in u ,

vaginae basales persistentes, inferne dilatatae, leviter compressae,

pallidae vel flavae, coriaceae, laevissimae, nitentes, superiores m c

nodiis breviores, teretes, arete appressae, tenuissime stnatae, ft c

vel superne paulo scaberulae ; ligula ad seriem ciliorum minu o^

densorum redacta ; laminae anguste lineares, in acumen longe a _ c

tae, 4-25 cm. longae, 2 - 4*5 mm. latae, planae vel convolutae, t ‘ •

rigidae, supra et margin!bus superne minute scaberulae, sub us

Panicula demum e vagina superiore exserta, angustissima, ens

inferne interrupta, spiciformis, 15-65 cm. longa, 0 * 4 r- 0 *o cm.

erecta vel plerumque curvata et nutans, glabra, albido-viri 1S » .

purpureo-suffusa ; rhachis gracilis, laevis ; rami solitarn, '

dense spiculati, erecti, inferiores ad 4*5 cm. longi, interno

3 cm. longis sejuncti, superiores sensim breviores et app ’

pcdicelli filiformes, ad 1*5 mm. longi. Spiculae solitanae <- >

subsessiles vel brevissime pedicellatae, lateraliter c 0 F*P res i ong ae

imbricatae, muticae, anguste oblongae vel oblongae, 3-0 m ■ ’

ad 1 mm. latae, 3 - 4 -florae, nitentes, jplerumque albdo-ymdes, rhachflla

flexuosa, supra glumas et inter anthoecia continua ye ar e ,

lata. Glumae lineari-lanceolatae vel lanceolato-oblongae, * g

°btusae, delicate membranaceae, uninerves vel in erio ’

carinatae, carina scaberula; inferior 1 *8-2*5 mm. on ^ 0 j a t a

^*8-3*5 mm. longa. Lemmata glumis subsimilia, exp ana l 0 nga,

lanceolato-oblonga vel ovata, acuta vel obtusa, - * r j nae

*nembranacea, uninervia, supra dimidiam vel tertiam p . * nter

scaberula. Paleae dorso curvatae, 2-1 mm. longae, bicannatae,

carinas plicatae. Antherae oblongae, 0-3-0*5 mm. longae. Caryopsis

oblique ovato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, lateraliter compressa,

0*8-1 mm. longa, pallide brunnea ; pericarpium tenue, siccum semini

appressum.— Ectrosia ? mutica , Hack, ex Probst in Mitteil. Naturf.

Ges. Solothurn, 1911-14, Heft v. Ber. xvii. p. 169 (1914), nomen.

Queensland. Burke District: Mt. Emu Plains, 54 miles N. of

Hughenden, 2.1931, Hubbard and Winders , 7487 ; Mt. Emu Plains

Station, 64 miles N. of Hughenden, 2.1931, Hubbard and Winders ,

7502. Kennedy District: without precise locality, Daintree. Leich¬

hardt District: Clermont, 3.1927, White, 3446 ; between Emerald and

Capella, 3.1931, Hubbard , 7942 ; Emerald, 3.1931, Hubbard , 7921 ;

Malvern Downs, Emerald, 8.1929, Finlay and Farquhar , 20 ; Wandoan,

1930, Belson ; 2.1930, Hubbard , 4922. Warrego District: Victoria

Downs, near Morven, 1930, Lord. Maranoa District: Mungallala,

420 m., 12.1930, Hubbard and Winders , 6031 ; between Amby and

Eurella, 375 m., 1.1931, Hubbard and Winders , 6353 ; Mitchell, 330 ni.,

1.1931, Hubbard and Winders , 6302. Darling Downs District: Pick-

anjinnie, near Wallumbilla, 1930, Belson ; Macalister, 320 m., 1.1931,

Hubbard and Winders , 6452 ; Dalby, 4.1916, White , K. 31.

New South Wales. Courallie County : Moree, 5.1914, Carrie ;

Gilgil Creek, near Moree, 3.1898, Campbell.

Switzerland. Derendingen Mill, near Solothurn, on wool refuse,

1918, Probst (type).

In 1907 Dr. Probst, whilst investigating the adventive and ruderaj

flora of Solothurn in Switzerland, collected undeveloped specimens ot

this grass, which he listed as Ectrosia ? mutica , Hack., without

description. Eleven years later good flowering material was found

growing on wool refuse from the worsted mill at Derendingen, near

Solothurn. It was from this material that Thellungia advena was

described. The rich alien flora around the mill included many plants

of Australian origin, and this led to the suggestion that Australia wa

the source of the new grass; a supposition which has since been pro ve

correct. i

Whilst studying Queensland grasses in the Brisbane, Sydney an

Melbourne Herbaria, specimens of Thellungia advena were observed ij 1

the covers of the genus Sporobolus. They were usually confused wi

Sporobolus elongatus , R. Br., to which they bear a superficial resemblance

on account of their densely tufted habit and narrow spiciform panic e.

Thellungia advena is more or less confined to the belt of soils kno

as the Black Earths which extend from Northern N.S. Wales throng^

the greater part of the Maranoa, Darling Downs, and Leich ar

Districts of Queensland to south of Charters Towers in North ^ eIin ^

District. These soils are mainly of basaltic origin. They vary so^ ^

what in colour and texture, but are usually dark brown or black, an ^

a heavy nature. Pockets of similar soils occur north of Hug evi

where Thellungia advena has also been collected. The vege a

associated with the Black Earths is mainly Brigalow (Acacia liarpo-

phylla) scrub, alternating with savannah and Eucalyptus woodland.

Thellungia advena is usually found as scattered tufts in open Brigalow

scrub or on the margin of Brigalow scrub and Eucalyptus woodland

where the vegetation is less dense. It is frequently abundant on savan¬

nah which has been heavily stocked. In such cases over-grazing has

resulted in the less palatable Thellungia advena becoming the dominant

grass. The average rainfall of the area in which it occurs, ranges from

22-28 inches, but the major portion of this falls during the summer

naonths.

Both Sporobolus and Eragrostis are very closely allied to Thellungia.

Prom the former it differs in having more than one floret in each spikelet,

whilst the one-nerved lemmas alone serve to distinguish it from the

latter.—C. E. Hubbard.

Pio. 1, complete plant, natural size ; 2, spikelet, X 14 ; 3, lower glume; 4, upper

glume ; 5, floret, lateral view ; 6, lemma ; 7, palea, lateral view ; 8, stamens anc

pistil; 9, caryopsis ; 10, transverse section of caryopsis. Figs. 3-10, X lo.

Tabula 3185.

PENNISETUM BASEDOWII, Summerhayes et C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

Basedowii, Summerhayes et C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bull. 1926,

P- 440; species affinis P. villoso, It. Br., sed annua, setis eciliatis,

s piculis brevioribus, gluma superiore 9 - 11 -nervi differt.

Gramen annuum. Culmi laxe caespitosi vel solitarii, erecti vel

Reniculati, usque 70 cm. alti, graciles vel validiusculi, subteretes vel

P crumque uno latere sulcati, e nodis plurimis ramosi, ramis solitariis

? * as ciculatis, 3 - 5 -nodes, paniculam versus tenuiter striati scaberuli

^ pubescentes, ceterum glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae internodiis

e 5 L , Vl0res > laxae, leviter compressae, carinatae, tenuiter striatae,

q a )rae laevesque vel superne scabcrulae ; ligiilae truncatae, usque

v ? rnni * longae, dense ciliatae ; laminae lineares, acutissimae, acutae

l^t raro . 8 U bobtusae, apice leviter callosae, 5-40 cm. longae, 5-7 mm.

mar^' ^!f i(le8 ve ^ subglaucae, moderate firmae, glabrae, scaberulae vel

form* i Us a pi c ibus exceptis plerumque laeves. Panicula spici-

lata ( • I18a Ve l laxiuscula, cylindrica, erecta, 3-8 cm. longa, 3-6 cm.

Aach * • .^ nc ^ U8 ^ s )» pallide straminea vel leviter purpureo-tincta ;

basil 18 ri ?^ a > angulata, scaberula, angulis ciliolatis, fasciculorum

Patent 8 subpatelliformibus laxe adspersa ; fasciculi demurn

810 ^ . es » Pedunculis usque 1 *5 mm. longis pilis appressis densis brevis-

Pallid lllc » involucri setae numerosae, densae, ad basin liberae,

l° n „ ae apicibus purpureae, exteriores breviores, 0*5-18 mm.

^ 0 n Kae 5 S ri . c . tae » fibformes, scaberulae, interiores saepe 3-4, 2-3*8 cm.

ciliolat ri ^ 1 ^ ae * basin versus triquetrae leviter dilatatae et scabrido-

lanceo / 1 * 5 8 U P erne fill formes et scaberulae. Spiculae solitariae, sessiles,

6 - 7.3 m * 10 1 ^ an 8 u ®t' e lanceolatae, acutissimae vel acuminatae,

P r °min • ’ on 8 ae > pallidae vel uno latere purpureo-suffusae, glabrae,

et enerv^ ^ nerv ? sae - Gluma inferior nulla vel minutissima, hyaiina

acuminaf 8 * 8 u P er * or explanata late lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata,

^"lRneiV ^*5-6 *8 mm. longa, membranacea, marginibus hyalinis,

fd lemmali ervLs P aralleli8 , apice scaberula. Anthoecium inferum

tanceolatum 6 ac ^ um * ^ enil na spiculae aequilongum, explanatum late

a pice scab * 1 ova *' um > acuminatum, membranaceum, 7-9-nerve,

ru urn > palea nulla. Anthoecium superum lanceolatum,

acuminatum, infero subaequilongum : lemma explanatum late lan-

ceolatum vel ovatum, acuminatum, tenuiter crustaceum, marginibus

membranaceis, minute obscureque rugulosum, 5-nerve, apice

scaberulum ; palea lemma paullo brevior, apice minute bifida, scaberula.

Lodiculae nullae. Antherae lineares, usque 0-7 mm. longae, apice

glabrae. Styli basi breviter connati, superne liberi. Caryopsis oblonga,

2 mm. longa.

Western Australia. Northern Kimberleys : King Sound ; May

Kiver, 4.1916, Basedow , 13 (type).

Queensland. Cook District: Gilbert River, Wildash . Burke

District: Nonda, between Hughenden and Cloncurry, in grassland on

heavy dark-brown soil, 515 ft., 2.1930, Hubbard and Winders , 7207,

7252. Flinders River, 8.1916, White. Mitchell District: Wantalanya,

50 miles south of Winton, 1930, Pollock , 12. Muttaburra, 4.1919,

White.

The discovery of this grass by Dr. Basedow has increased the number

of indigenous Australian species of Pennisetum to three, the other

two being P. alopecuroides (L.) Spreng. (P. compressum , R. Br.) and

P. arnhemioum , F. Muell. The former differs in being a perennial

grass with simple densely-tufted culms and long strongly-compressed

basal leaf-sheaths, whilst the latter may be readily distinguished by its

densely-plumose and shorter involucral bristles. P. villosum , R. Br.,

with which our plant is compared, is a species from the mountainous

region of North-East Tropical Africa, which is now commonly

naturalized in parts of the coastal districts of temperate and sub¬

tropical Australia.

The eastern stations for P. Basedowii are more than 1200 miles

away from the type locality in Western Australia. On this account

it is very probable that when the botanical composition of the grass¬

lands of Northern Australia is investigated, additional stations f° r

our species will be recorded linking up the two distant areas.

Queensland this species occurs mainly on Mitchell Grass downs,

association with Astrebla lappacea , A. elymoides , A. squarrosa , and

species of Panicum , Eriochloa , Dichanthium, etc. It is one of a number

of annual grasses which are prominent after the summer rains amongst

the perennial Mitchell Grasses (Astrebla sp.).

As with many other species of Pennisetum , P. Basedowii is apparent y

protogynous.—C. E. Hubbard.

Fig. 1, entire plant, natural size; 2, fascicle of bristles (reduced

surrounding a spikelet, X 2 ; 3, spikelet, lateral view, X 6 ; 4, lower g ’

X 20; 5, upper glume, X 6; 6, lemma of lower floret, X 6; 7, lemma o U II

floret, X 6 ; 8, palea of upper floret, X 6 ; 9, pistil, X 6.

Tabula 3186 .

ISOTOMA ANETHIFOLIA, Summerhayes.

Campanulaceae. Subfamilia Lobelioideae.

I. anethifolia, Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, p. 318; affinis

/. axillari , Lindl., a qua foliis angustioribus segmentis longioribus,

floribus albis, corollae lobis anterioribus oblanceolatis latioribus, tubo

circiter 1 *4 cm. longo differt.

Herha perennis (?), erecta, usque 50 cm. alta,fere glabra. Caules multi,

satis ramosi, teretes. Folia alterna, pinnatipartita, ambitu elliptico-

lanceolata, usque 8 cm. longa, parte media indivisa usque 2 mm. lata,

segmentis valde inaequalibus, longioribus utrinsecus 3-4 distantibus

linearibus usque 2 cm. longis et 1-5 mm. latis basin versus interdum

dente brevi instructis, brevioribus usque dentiformibus. Flores ex axillis

foliorum superiorum orti; pedicelli suberecti, usque 15 cm. longi.

Sepala lineari-subulata, acuta, recurvata, 6-7 mm. longa, basi 1 -5 mm.

lata, inferne anguste alata alis plus minusve in dentem desinentibus.

Corolla alba ; tubus cylindricus, medio leviter constrictus, 1 *3-1 -5 cm.

longus, 3 mm. diametro ; lobi 2 posteriores oblongo-elliptici, acute

acuminati, 1*2-1 *5 cm. longi, 4-5 mm. lati, 3 anteriores oblanceo ati,

cuspidato-apiculati, 1*3-1 *6 cm. longi, 6-9 mm. lati, intermedio basi

callis duobus semicircularibus instructo. Antherae pubescentes, 2 in-

feriores apice seta singula recta instructae. Stylus inferne pubescens,

superne glaber; stigma apice dilatatum, bilabiatum, annulo pi orum

instructum ; ovarium obconicum, circiter 5 mm. longum. apsu a

obconica vel cylindrico-obconica, circiter 1 cm. longa ; semina nigra,

oblongo-cylindrica, 0*7 mm. longa.

Queensland. Stanthorpe, in crevices of granite rocks id

on an exposed mountain top, 990 m., 3.1930, Hubbard , ( ype; ,

flowered at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, 6.1932, from seed o same.

New South Wales. Near Tenterfield, C. Stuart.

The flowers are white, with a faint mauve line down the cen re ° .

a nterior corolla-lobes. The calli at the base of the median an e

lobe are bright green. T ; n

This species was included by Bentham under /. axil ns,

^lora Australiensis, but is easily distinguished by the c arac

in the diagnosis. It stands in the genus as the culmination of a morpho¬

logical series showing increasing dissection of the leaves. At the

opposite extreme is /. Brownii , G. Don, with entire linear leaves, next

follow /. pusilla , Benth., and I. scapigera , G. Don, with slightly toothed

leaves, and these are succeeded by /. longijlora , Presl, I. petraea ,

F. Muell., and finally I. axillaris , Lindl., in which the leaves are very

similar to those in /. anethifolia . In the latter species, however, the

lateral segments are longer and narrower, while the portion on each side

of the midrib has been reduced in width until the central part is little

wider than the lateral segments.

The species was collected by Mr. Hubbard on a rocky hill not far

from Stanthorpe in Southern Queensland, where it was growing in the

crevices of the large granite blocks scattered about the summit. The

soil was very dry at the time of collecting, but the plants were covered

with blossom and obviously flourishing. It was seen only at this locality

but was exceedingly common there. The lower slopes of the hill bore

the usual open type of Eucalyptus forest.

The species is known only from the neighbourhood of the Queensland-

New South Wales border, there being a specimen in the Kew Herbarium,

under the name of /. axillaris , Lindl., collected by C. Stuart near

Tenterfield in northern New South Wales. It is possible that it may

also occur farther south along the New England plateau.

V. S. SUMMERHAYES.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering stem, natural size ; 2, upper surface of leaf, X 27;

3, calyx-segment, from without, X 6; 4, mouth of lower lip of corolla, showing

calli, X 4 ; 5, androecium, X 6 ; 6, upper part of androecium, and style, X 6;

7, style, X 4; 8, longitudinal section of ovary, X 4 ; 9, transverse section of

ovary, X 6.

Tabula 3187 .

FICUS WATKINSIANA, F. M. Bailey.

Moraceae. Tribus Ficeae.

F. Watkinsiana, F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Dept. Agric., Bot. Bull.

no. ii. p. 18 (1891); F. M. Bailey , Queensl. FI. p. 1472 (1902); et

Comprehens. Cat. Queensl. PI p. 487, fig. 485 (1913); Francis , Austral.

Rain Forest Trees , p. 69, fig. 32 (1929); F. macrophyllae , Desf. similis,

sed foliis basi cuneatis oblongo-ovoideis, receptaculis apice in

mamillam productis facile distinguenda.

Arbor magna, usque 50 m. alta, trunco usque 2 m. diametro basi

obtuse carinato, cortice griseo leviter ruguloso. Ramuli crassi, glabri,

cicatricibus folioruin et stipularum delapsorum valde notati. Folia

alterna, longe petiolata, omnino glabra, elliptica, oblongo-elliptica vel

elliptico-lanceolata, utrinque angustata, apice breviter obtuseque

acuminata, basi cuneata, 8-20 cm. longa, 2-7 cm. lata, costa supra

impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 11-16 paral-

lelis e costa angulo 45-60° exeuntibus pro rata inconspicuis prominulis

prope marginem in nervum submarginalem conjunctis, rete venularum

indistincto, utrinque viridia ; stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae, con-

cavae, usque 9*5 cm. longae, glabrae; petioli graciles, supra canali-

culati, 4-7 cm. longi,inferne transverse costulati. Receptacula axillaria,

singula vel bina, stipitata, oblongo-ovoidea, apice in mamillam pro-

ducta, 2*5-4 cm. longa, 1*5-3 cm. diametro, lenticellis orbicularibus

et ellipticis valde notata, bracteis basalibus in discum truncatum

1-1*7 cm. diametro basi receptaculi adnatum connatis. Flores <$,

? et $ cecidiophori commixti; receptaculum intus inter flores squamis

linearibus acutis membranaceis 2*5 mm. longis praeditum. Ilores <$

1 -5-3*5 mm. longe pedicellati, perianthii segmentis 4 ovatis subacutis

circiter 1 mm. longis ; stamen singulum, anthera reniformi, filamento

brevi. Flores $ cecidwphori floribus 9 similes sed pericarpio tenuiore,

stylo breviore, stigmate parvo capitato. Flores ? sessiles, penanthn

segmentis 4 e basi latiore linearibus acutis ovario brevioribus, ovano

^bpsoideo 2*5 mm. longo, stylo infra-apicali cum stigmate ^otuso

2 mm. longo.— F. BeUingeri , Moore et Betche, Handb. FI. N.S. Wales,

P- 81 (1893).

Queensland. Mooloolah, Aug. 1892, Bailey . Springbrook, slopes

of Macpherson Range, near an old homestead, 900 m., 29 Sept. 1930,

Hubbard , 5413.

According to Francis (l.c.) the species is distributed from Gympie in

Queensland in the north, as far south as the Bellinger River in New

South Wales. It is mostly found in rain forest near the coast, but also

extends as far inland as the Bunya Mts., which are 100 miles from

the sea. The specimen from which the drawing was prepared, was

obtained from an isolated tree in the middle of a clearing in the rain

forest on the north slopes of the Macpherson Range. For the general

affinities of this species see under F. glandifera , Summerhayes (t. 3188).

F . Watkinsiana may be distinguished among its allies by the elliptical,

relatively narrow leaves, cuneate at the base, and by the rather long-

stipitate and hard receptacles which have the ostiole placed on a

nipple-like projection at the apex.—V. S. Summerhayes.

Fig. 1, branch with leaves and receptacles, natural size ; 2, stipules from terminal

bud, X 3, longitudinal section of a receptacle, natural size ; 4, scales from the

inside of the receptacle, X 8 ; 5, male flower, with one perianth-segment turned

back to show the anther, X 8 ; 6, a perianth-lobe from the same, X 8 ; 7, galled

female flower, X 8 ; 8, female flower, X 8.

Tabula 3188.

FICUS GLANDIFERA, Summerhayes.

Moraceae. Tribus Ficeae.

F. (§ Urostigma) glandifera, Summerhayes in Joum. Am. Arb. vol. xiii.

p. 99 (1932); affinis F. cylindricae, Warb., a qua foliis late ovatis

pctiolis brevioribus, receptaculis sessilibus, cupula magis evoluta differt.

Arbor magna, habitu F. indicae , L. similis. Ramuli crassi, juniores

sparsiuscule pubescentes, demum glabrescentes, cortice brunneo

obtecti, cicatricibus foliorum et stipularum delapsorum valde notati.

Folia petiolata, late ovata, apice brcviter acuminata, acuta, basi

obtusissima vel saepius rotundata, 7-14 cm. longa, 4-8 cm. lata, costa

supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 20-30

parallelis e costa angulo 70-80° exeuntibus utrinque distinctis supra

prominulis nervo subraarginali curvato conjunctis, nervis secondariis

numerosis subparallelis crebris, rete venulamm subtus distincto,

coriacea, supra subnitentia, utrinque glabra ; petiolus pro rata gracilis,

supra leviter canaliculatus, 3-4*5 cm. longus, glaber; stipulae non

v isae, ut videtur caducae. Rcceptacula axillaria, singula vel gemina,

sessilia vel subsessilia, oblongo-ellipsoidea, circiter 4*5 cm. longa,

2*5 cm. diametro, apice in mamillam 5 mm. diametro products,

ostioloipso leviter depresso bracteis haud manifestis, bracteis basalibus

in cupulam circiter 1 cm. longam breviter pubescentem receptaculo

adnatam connatis, receptacula ergo glandes Querci specierum snnu-

iantia; pedunculus usque 4 mm. longus, saepius brevissimus, 4 mm.

diametro. Flores $ et $ cecidiophori commixti. Flores J longi-

pedicellati, pedicello bracteis duabus lanceolatis instructo , pcriant n

segments 4, libera, elliptica vel ovata, valde concava, vix 1 mm. longa,

glabra, stamen singulum arete includentia. Flores ? cecidxopion

Pedicellati vel rarius sessiles, perianthii segmentis eis florum simi us,

°vario sessili, stylo brevi, stigmate clavato. Flores $ sessiles, ovari

°voideo 1*5 mm. longo, stylo infra-apieali 2*5 mm. longo, s lgma

^inuto.

New Hebrides. Tanna : Lenakel, 200 m., rain forest,

6 March 1928, Kajewshi , 80. Aneityum : Anelgauhat 13ay,

ra in forest, common, 21 Feb. 1929, Kajewshi , 802 (type).

common,

sea level,

F. glandifera belongs to a group of species in Sect. Urostigma ,

possessing large leaves and fruits ; the other members of the group

are natives of Queensland. These species exhibit in various degrees

two modifications: firstly, the prolongation of the ostiolar region into

a proboscis-like structure and, secondly, the fusion of the basal bracts

to form a kind of disk or collar. The former feature is best seen in

F. Watkinsiana , F. M. Bailey (t. 3187) and F. crassipes , F. M. Bailey,

but is less well developed, although clearly evident, in F. glandifera.

The cupular development of the bracts, on the other hand, reaches

its maximum for this group, perhaps indeed for the whole genus,

in F. glandifera , in which species the receptacle bears a strong

resemblance to an acorn. F. cylindrica and F. crassipes have a

strongly-developed bracteal disk, and the same type of structure is

also present in F. Baileyana , Domin and F. Watkinsiana , although to

a less degree. This disk-like fusion of the bracts is found less strongly

developed in many species of Urostigma.

In F. glandifera the receptacles are practically sessile, in which

respect it approaches closely to F. crassipes , but the leaves and re¬

ceptacles in that species otherwise show many points of difference.

F. cylindrica has acorn-like fruits with short thick stalks, but the leaves

are longer and relatively narrower than those of F. glandifera.

It will be seen that F. glandifera is known only from the southern

islands of the New Hebrides archipelago. So far as can be ascertained

the floras of the northern and southern islands differ considerably, so

that it is possible that the species is restricted to the latter region.

V. S. SUMMERHAYES.

Fig. 1, branch, with leaves and receptacles, natural size ; 2, longitudinal section

of receptacle, natural size ; 3, male flower, with one perianth-segment turned back

to show the anther, X 15 ; 4, galled female flower, X 10 ; 5, female flower, X 15.

Tabula 3189.

FICUS NASUTA, Summerhayes.

Moraceae. Tribus Ficeae.

F. (§ Eusyce) nasuta, Summerhayes ; species nova affinis F . laevi , Bl.

et F. obtusae , Hassk., ab hac foliis orbiculari-ovatis breviter acumi-

natis basi leviter cordatis supra fere laevibus, pedunculis gracilioribus,

ab ilia foliis pro rata brevioribus et latioribus, petiolis satis brevioribus,

receptaculis distincte umbonatis differt.

Frutex scandens, silvarum primaevarum incola. Caulis truncos

arborum arete amplectens, ramis patenti-dependentibus; ramuli

subteretes, leviter longitudinaliter rugosuli, annotini cortice atro-

brunneo obtecti, cicatricibus prominentibus foliorum delapsorum et

stipularum notati. Folia alterna, petiolata; laminae ovatae vel

orbiculari-ovatae, apiculatae vel breviter acuminatae, basi rotundatae

usque leviter cordatae, 8-10 cm. longae, 6-9 cm. latae, basi tri- vel

subquinque-nerviae, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis

lateralibus utrinsecus 4 e costa angulo 40-50° exeuntibus incurvatis

prope marginem arcuatim conjunctis, rete venularum crebro distinctis-

simo, tenuiter coriaceae, supra glabrae vel pilis sparsissimis praeditae,

subtus praesertim in venis pilis plus minusve adpressis sparsiuscule

obtectae ; petioli graciles, supra anguste et leviter canahculati, W

1*6 cm. longi, ferrugineo-puberuli; stipulae lanceolatae, acuminatae,

7-8 mm. longae, dense adpresse ferrugineo-hirsutae. necep cu

solitaria vel saepius bina, pedunculata, globosa, apice angus e e

prominenter umbonata, 2 cm. diametro, matura sordide purpurea,

densiuscule puberula, basi bracteis tribus triangulari-ovatis su acu i

instructa, bracteis osteolaribus manifestis; pedunculi graci es, ®n

ferrugineo-puberuli, circiter 1 cm. longi. Flores <J et ? C ^.q P mm

commixti; receptacula inter flores pilis setuliformibus Qn fhii

iongis dense obtecta. Flores sessiles, acuminato-ovoidei, P erl n

segmenta 3-4, plus minusve connata, 4-5 mm. longa , s , *

filamentis brevibus leviter arcuatis 1 mm. anthens s .

triangularibus acuminatis 3-5 mm. longis. blores 2 lon^a *

8essiles ; perianthii segmenta 4, linearia, subacuta, 4 *

ovarium 0*7-2 mm. longe stipitatum, compresse ^

1 *7 mm. longum ; stylus plus minusve apicalis, 0 5

fi tigmate minuto leviter excavato coronatus.

Santa Cruz Islands. Vanikoro, 50 m., common vine growing

on rain-forest trees, main thick stem clinging close to trunk, branches

hanging out up to 2 m., fruit dirty-purple when ripe, 24 Oct. 1928,

Kajewski , 525.

A species chiefly notable for the proboscis-like projection of the

ostiolar region of the receptacle. Its affinity is with F. laevis , Bl.

and F. obtusa, Hassk., both natives of the Malay Archipelago. The

differences are set out in the diagnosis. There are several specimens

from Borneo in the Kew Herbarium which are named F. fiperijolia ,

Miq., but which do not seem to agree with the description of that species,

which is reduced to F. obtusa , Hassk. by King in his monograph.

These specimens agree closely with F. nasuta in external characters,

differing mainly in the much longer setae on the inside of the receptacles.

It is, however, clear that this group of species requires further

investigation. I have not seen any close allies from New Guinea, so

that as far as is known at present the Santa Cruz species is widely

separated geographically from its nearest relatives.

V. S. SuMMERHAYES.

Fia. 1, branch with leaves and receptacles, natural size; 2, portion of lower

surface of leaf, X 4; 3, longitudinal section of receptacle containing male and

galled female flowers, X 2; 4, male flower, showing setae on receptacle, X 8 ;

5, perianth of male flower, spread out, X 8 ; 6, male flower, with perianth removed,

showing stamens, X 8; 7, a stamen, seen from within, X 8; 8, galled female

flower, with bract, X 8 ; 9, the same with perianth segments opened out, X 8.

Tabula 3190.

DORISIA RARISSIMA, Gillespie.

Cornaceae. Tribus Mastixioideae.

Dorisia,* Gillespie ; genus novum, Mastixiae , Bl. et Mastixiodendro ,

Melch., affine, ab ilia ovario biloculari, ab hoc ovario omnino lnlenore

et calycis segmentis liberis differt.

Flores epigyni, hermaphroditi. Calycis tubus nullus; sepala 4,

parva, aperta. Petala 4, libera, valvata. Stamina 4, alternipeta a,

filamentis liberis, antheris dorsifixis longitudinaliter dehiscentibus.

Ovarium inferum, biloculare, ovulis in loculo solitariis supra medium

affixis. Drupa anguste ellipsoidea, carnosa, annulo prope apicem

distincto, sepalis persistentibus.— Arbor parva. Folia opposita,

stipulae in gemmis magnae, mox caducae. Flores parvi, in tliyrsis

terminalibus et axillaribus dispositi.

D. rarissima, Gillespie , species unica.

Arbor parva, glabra ; ramuli recti, crassiusculi, ad extremitates \ aklt

compressi, in siccitate rugosi, cicatricibus magnis. Folia e Uipttca

oblongo-elliptica, apice obtusa vel subacuminata, basi acuta pau

decurrentia, 13-20 cm. longa, 4-7 cm. lata, subcoriacea, supra ni i .

viridia, subtus pallidiora, nervis primariis utroque costae later ® ^j nu jj s

10 fere rectis ad marginem arcuatis cum venulis supra P r . ugcu | ug

conspicue reticulatis subtus minus distinctis; petiolus crassi

compressus, 2-3 cm. longus ; stipulae oblongo-lanceo a ae,

longae, mox caducae. Thyrsi terminals vel in summia \

subaequantes, multiflori, ramulis ultimis trifloris ; pe un F'

(usque «d 8 cm. lougi) et parti.le. graciles, I'S' d ^ ul |' ” . pic e

circiter 1 mm. longae ; pedicelli gracillinu, 3 5 -miculata,

bibracteolati. Flores inconspicui. Sepala late e °* ’ m longa,

vix 1 mm. longa. Petala lutea, ovata, acuta, x ^ latus,

coriacea, intus papillato-verrucosa, extus laevia. bilobatus.

leviter elevatus. Stylus crassus, 1-6 mm. 0 blongae, longi-

Stamina 1*5 mm. longa ; filamenta crassa ; An . ‘ » longum,

tudinaliter dehiscentes. Ovarium clavato-tur ina u ,

pi -r\ a yyoll'kllOWD

* Named in honour of my wife, Doris Kildale Gillespie,

Californian plant-collector.

carnosum. Drupae (immaturae) ellipsoideo-cylindraceae, 12-16 mm.

longae, circiter 6 mm. crassae, laeves, carneae, 1- vel 2-loculares, disco

prominenti 2-3 mm. longo et lato acuto, sepalis persistentibus coronatae.

Fiji. On the northern coast of Vanua Levu, at the edge of a clearing,

vicinity of Lambasa, about 60 m., 17 Sept. 1922, Greenwood , 517.

Only a single tree seen.

The species is also represented by Horne , 608, from Vanua Levu, at

the top of mountains between Waiwai and Lomaloma, and Horne , 441,

from the forests of Rambi. Horne , 1132, from Vanua Levu in the

vicinity of Mbua, is certainly of the same genus and possibly the same

species, but the leaves are pubescent beneath.

The essential differences between Dorisia and its allies Mastixia , Bl.

and Mastixiodendron, Melch. are given below :

Mastixia. Flowers 4-5-merous ; calyx-tube turbinate or sub-

campanulate ; ovary inferior, 1-locular.

Mastixiodendron. Flowers 4-merous ; calyx-tube patelliform ;

ovary semi-inferior, 2-locular.

Dorisia. Flowers 4-merous ; calyx-tube none ; ovary inferior,

2-locular.

The known geographical range of the three genera is interesting.

Mastixia occurs in the Indo-Malayan region from Ceylon, the Philippine

Islands, Java and Borneo; Mastixiodendron is found in New Guinea ;

Dorisia is known from Fiji, occurring there only on Vanua Levu and the

adjacent island of Rambi.

Fruits in the glabrous-leaved specimens are immature, but those of

Horne , 1132, are similar to Mastixiodendron pachyclados (Iv. Schum.)

Melch.* in that frequently only one of the two ovules develops, so that

a 1 -celled 1 -seeded fruit arises; they also agree in having the seed attached

to the axis for nearly its entire length. The little “ flap 57 of tissue pro¬

jecting from the axis of the ovary immediately below each ovule is not

explained : apparently it is not an abortive ovule.—J. W. Gillespie. f

lio. 1, flowering branchlet, natural size ; 2, pedicel with bracteoles and flower,

corolla and androecium removed, X 6; 3, expanded flower, X 6 ; 4, petal, from

within, x 6; 5, stamen, X 6; 6, longitudinal section of pistil, X 6; 7, fruit,

X 2 ; 8, 9, seed, lateral and adaxial views, X 2.

* Engl. Bot. Jahrb. vol. lx. p. 168, t. 1 (1925).

t Dr. Gillespie died in September 1932.

Tabula 3191.

SCLERIA BARTERI, Boeck.

Cyperaceae. Tribus Sclerieae.

S. Barteri, Boeck . in Linnaea , vol. xxxviii. p. 504 (1874); C. B. Cl.

in Durand et Schinz , Conspeet. FI. Afr. vol. v. p. 669 (1894); et in

FI Trop. Afr. vol. viii. p. 507 (1902); Th. et Hel. Durand , Syll. hi.

Congol. p. 595 (1909); species caule alte scandente angulis vaginorum

et foliorum marginibus minute retrorse denticulatis, nuce purpurascente

minute pubescente distinctissima.

Caulis alte scandens, triangularis, angulis vaginorum anguste

retrorso-denticulatis, inter angulos glaber vel parce pilosus. Folia

linearia, ad apicem sensim angustata, usque ad 25 cm. longa, 4-5 mm.

lata, utrinque circiter 12-nervia, marginibus et interdum costa media

infra crebre retrorso-denticulatis ; ligula magna, usque as 6 mm. Ionga,

sicco brunnea et scariosa, extra nervoso-reticulata. Paniculae axillares,

pedunculatae, pyramidales, circiter 6 cm. longae et 3-4 cm. la >ae,

pubescentes ; pedunculi triquetri, angulis retrorso-denticulatis ve ere

laevibus ; rhachis molliter pubescens ; bracteae primariae basin versus

paniculae foliaceae, superiores abrupte minores et fere lineari-n i ? rn ? e ®’

ciliolatae, spiculis multo longiores. Spiculae atropurpureae, o cir ^ 1 , •

5 mm. longae, breviter pedunculatae, glumis subaequalibus o

carinatis atropurpureis, antheris apice longe aristatis, V .*

glumis inaequilongis exterioribus minoribus oblongis interme ^

ovatis interioribus longissimis ovato-lanceolatis; ovarium -

oblongum, glabrum ; stylus infra medium tripartitus, ram

Nux alba vel purpurascens, late ovoidea, parce et minu . f ' i ev iter

Discus bypogynus dupliciter patelliformis, parte supe non

triloba et recurva .-S rejlexa, Benth. in Hook. Niger. H-P-

H. B. et K. 5. omdigera, Rendle in Cat. Talb. Nig. PL P- non

Tropical Africa. Sierra Leone: Kanibia, ^carc 1 ^,

Elliot, 4388 ; Central Province, July-Aug., Dawe,o , locality,

Thomas, 1195 ; Mabum, Aug., Thomas, 1589 ; ^^^^2010 ;

Sept., Deighton , 2112. Liberia : Grand Bassa, ; ug-> May,

without definite locality, country, July,

Chevalier, 16454 ; Dabou, Feb., Chevalier l7259 lep . 238 ;

Chevalier, 19548. Gold Coast: Assin Yan Kumasi, Cumm

Tarkwa, Dec., Johnson , 1000 ; Angje Oil Plantation, Oct., Howes , 988.

Dahomey: Atacora Mts., June, Chevalier , 24184. S. Nigeria : Onitsha,

Barter, 1786 (type) ; Onia Olona, Oct., Thomas , 1854 ; Oban, Talbot ,

855. Fernando Po, Nov., Vogel , 87 ; Mann , 113. Cameroons: Bipinde,

Zen&er, 3651; Yaunde, 800 m., Zenfcer and 376; 423; Batanga,

common, Aug., Bates , 342. Uganda : Entebbe, lake shore near forest,

Aug., Maitland , 78 ; Sesse Islands, Lake Victoria, Nov., Brown , 120 ;

Dawe, 955; Maitland, 443; Sezibura Falls, Nov., Dummer, 1079. Pemba

Island, Vaughan , 622 ; Greenway , 1458. Belgian Congo : Jangambi,

Michiels , 74.

Vernacular names.—Sierra Leone : Ingiwoya (Sc. Miof); Njewe

(Dawe; Thomas; Deighton).

Scleria Barteri is a very remarkable species on account of its peculiar

habit. It is a climber, sometimes as much as 20 ft. long, and occurs

mainly in dense, damp forests. According to Barter it even renders

passage through the forest impossible, and is said to form the impene¬

trable thickets of the Timne country, in the Southern Province of

Nigeria. It climbs by means of minute reflexed barbs on the angles

of the leaf-sheaths, and on the margins and sometimes the midrib of

the leaves, after the manner of the common “ Goosegrass,” Galium

Aparine , Linn.

The numerous tributaries of the Ubangui and Congo rivers support

a narrow belt of evergreen vegetation, even in the dry savannah

regions, and these streams form the connecting link for the migration

of species from the great forest area of the west to that around the East

African lakes. Scleria Barteri follows closely the distribution of this

evergreen forest, ranging from its extremity in Sierra Leone through

Upper Guinea and the Cameroons to the shores of the Victoria Nyanza

in Uganda, and in the island of Pemba off the east coast of Africa.

According to Belgian authors it is found in most of the lower-lying

districts of the Congo. Its occurrence in the isolated island of Pemba

is interesting. According to Greenway it is fairly common in woodlands

and damp shady places throughout the island.—J. Hutchinson.

tio. 1 , upper part of flowering branchlet, natural size; 2, margin of lamina,

a 10 ; 3, branch of inflorescence, with £ and 9 spikelets, X 4 ; 4, stamen, X 14 ;

.), nut with its subtending glumes, X 6 ; 6, nut with upper half of hypogynous

disk, X 6 ; 7, hardened base of disk, X 6.

Tabula 3192.

HYPERICUM AFROMONTANUM, Bullock.

Hypericaceae. Tribus Hypericeae.

H. afromontanum, Bullock in Kew Bull. 1932, p. 492 ; H. intepnedio ,

Steud. affinis, floribus capitato-congestis, petalis multo majoribus,

sepalis latioribus, glandulis stipitatis brevioribus et crassioribus, stylis

brevioribus, caulibus simplicibus, foliis valde ascendentibus multo

minoribus utrinque puberulis facile distinguitur.

Herba perennis usque 45 (raro 60-90) cm. alta. Cattles annui,

simplices vel apicem versus parce ramosi, ramis semper floriferis,

glabri vel praesertim inferne minute puberuli, teretes, graciles, inter-

nodiis basin versus circiter 1 cm. longis sed superne saepe multo

longioribus. Folia valde ascendentia, sessilia, oblonga vel oblongo-

lanceolata, apice rotundata (praesertim inferiora) usque subacuta,

basi truncata vel leviter auriculato-amplexicaulia, usque 2*3 cm.

longa, sed plerumquo circiter 1 *5-2 cm. longa et 5-7 mm. lata, utrinque

puberula, glandulis oleiferis dense pellucide punctata, plerumque

(marginibus praesertim) glandulis resiniferis nigro-punctata; folia

summa interdum basi stipitato-glandulosa. Flores 5-meri, in cymas

capituliformes terminales aggregati; pedunculi usque 10 cm. longi

sed saepe minores, circa vel supra medium bracteis duabus oppositis

praediti; bracteae foliis subsimiles sed multo minores, basi glandulis

nigris stipitatis dense indutae, laminis glandulis sessilibus praeditis,

marginibus laevibus vel glandulis stipitatis ciliatis ; bracteolae semper

satis dense glanduloso-ciliatae. Sepala ovato-lanceolata, apice acuta,

5 mm. longa et fere 2 mm. lata, glandulis stipitatis ciliata. Petala

lutea, rubro-vittata, inaequilateralia, oblanceolato-obovata, apice

rotundata, circiter 1*3 cm. longa et usque 5 mm. lata, glandulisi nigris

parce punctata. Stamina 35; filamenta fere libera. Ovarium ovoideum,

1 *5 mm. longum, glabrum, apice glandulis stipitatis circiter 6 ornatum,

styli 3, circiter 3 mm. longi. Fructus maturi non visi.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon : 3500 m., Dec. iuou,

Mrs. Cyril Lugard , 338a (typus); moorland, 3300-3600 m., Feb. 1930,

II. M. Gardner , 2259. , ™ o fi0 0m

Uganda Protectorate. Mt. Elgon: short grass-land, Wiwiwn

22 Oct. 1916, J. D. Snowden, 479; grassy swamp on the west

Mt. Elgon : 3500 m., Dec. 1930, Major E. J.and

of the crater, 3600 m., Jan. 1918, R. A. Dummer , 3301 ; grass country

below Madangi Camp, 3500 m., March 1930, L. C. C. Liebenberg , 1622.

This interesting species has been collected only at high altitudes

on Mt. Elgon, between 10,000 and 12,000 ft. The small erect leaves

and the dense head of yellow flowers render it strikingly distinct in

general appearance from any other African member of the genus, but

detailed examination at once reveals its relationship with the widely

distributed H. intermedium , Steud.

The simple stems, which are often purplish in colour, sometimes

branch slightly in the upper part, such branches, like the main stem,

terminating in a dense cymose head of flowers up to about two inches

in diameter. Each yellow petal has a red streak running down the

back. The two bracts about the middle of the peduncle form an

interesting morphological feature. In shape they are similar to the

ordinary leaves, but are provided, at any rate at the base, with a dense

fringe of black-headed stipitate glands which are otherwise confined

to the bracteoles and sepals. In some cases the uppermost pair of

otherwise ordinary foliage leaves have also a few of these peculiar

glands at their bases. Sessile black glands may accompany the

stipitate ones, but these are scattered over the surface.

The specific epithet, afromontanum , refers to its resemblance, par¬

ticularly in habit, to the British and European H. montanum, Linn.

A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, upper part of a flowering stem, natural size ; 2, uppermost part of another

stem with a single inflorescence, natural size ; 3, lower surface of leaf, X 20 ; 4, part

of calyx, from within, X 3 ; 5, marginal glands of sepals, X 14 ; 6, petal, X 3 ;

7, portion of androecium, from within, X 8; 8, pistil, X 8.

Tabula 3193.

EUPHORBIA EURYOPS, Bullock.

Euphorbiaceae. Tribus Euphorbieae.

E. Euryops, Bullock in Kew Bull. 1932, p. 492; E. Schimperianae ,

Scheele, affinis, caulibus simplicibus dense foliatis, foliis anguste

oblongis usque oblanceolatis, petiolis prominentibus tuberculiformibus

foliorum delapsorum valde distincta ; habitu ramulorum floriferorum

E. epicyparissias , E. Mey., sed foliis majoribus, inflorescentiis majoribus

multo laxioribus facile distinguitur; ab ambabus ovario 2-loculari

differt.

Herba perennis, usque 6 dm. alta ; caules pilis crispis leviter pubes-

centes, simplices, lignosi, dense foliati, petiolis tuberculiformibus

foliorum delapsorum conspicue notati; rami floriferi cymam terminalem

4-7-radiatam efformantes, bracteis foliaceis oblongo-lanceolatis 2*5

cm. longis suffulti, ramis aliis similibus infra umbellam ex axillis

foliorum ortis. Folia brevissime petiolata, alterna, spiraliter disposita,

utrinque minute densissime papilloso-pustulata, exstipulata, anguste

oblonga usque oblanceolata, apice obtusiuscula, mucronulata, basin

versus angustata, 3*5-4’5 cm. longa, 4*5 mm. lata, interne decidua.

Rami inflorescentiae 5-10 cm. longi, ramulis brevibus secundariis

1-3 vel 4 praediti. Bracteae (saltern maturae) saturate sanguineo-

coloratae, oppositae, altera saepe mox decidua persistente altera,

sessiles, ovatae usque rhomboideo-ovatae, apice subobtusae, mucronu-

latae, basi cuneatae usque fere rotundatae, usque ad 1*5 cm. longae

et 8 mm. latae. lnvolucra solitaria, subsessilia, campanulata, 1 mm.

longa et circiter 1 mm. diametro, glandulis 4 et glandula abortiva

minima cum lobis 5 inflexis oblongis vel ovatis ciliatis apice obtusis

vel bifidis alternantibus; glandulae ambitu suborbiculares, 1 • 1 mm.

diametro, superne crescentiformes. Pedicelli florum masculorum

filiformes, glabri. Filamenta brevia, basi leviter incrassata, glabra.

Antherae in alabastro suborbiculares, 0*4 mm. diametro, loculis ellip-

soideis transverse dehiscentibus. Ovarium 2-loculare ; styli 2, biramosi.

Capsula exserta, graciliter pedicellata, glabra, bilocularis, leviter com-

pressa, inter loculos valde constricta, ambitu quadrato-suborbiculans,

circiter 2 mm. longa et lata, emarginata, basi truncata latissima, sursum

satis angustata, saepe marginibus apice leviter recurvata, obtuse

subrostrata. Semina oblongo-ellipsoidea, 1*5 mm. longa, apice um-

lateraliter carunculata, basi cordata, pallide cinerea, laevia.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 3000 m., Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and

Mrs. Cyril Lugard , 280.

The simple erect stems, up to about two feet high, clothed except

in the lower part with crowded, spirally arranged, narrow leaves, and

branching above to form a considerable inflorescence with numerous

deep crimson-coloured bracts, render this species strikingly distinct

in general appearance from its close ally E . Schimperiana , Scheele.

There is a superficial resemblance to the flowering branches of several

South African species, notably E. epicyparissias , E. Mey., but it is

doubtful whether this indicates affinity or merely parallel development.

The bilocular ovary appears to be a constant character, but as only

two flowering stems, very probably taken from the same rhizome,

are available for study, it may not be so. The fruit is more or less

square in shape, but very frequently the shoulders become somewhat

produced into short, recurving, blunt beaks.

The specific epithet, Euryops , is given to indicate the superficial

resemblance of the leafy portions of the stem to some species of the

genus Euryops , Cass. (Compositae).—A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, upper, leafy part of stem and inflorescence, natural size; 2, lower part of

stem, showing persistent petioles, natural size ; 3, a cyathium, X 12 ; 4, the

same, opened, with flowers removed showing the glands and the inflexed involucral

lobes, X 6; 5, young male flower, X 20; 6, anther, after dehiscence, X 20;

7, 8, capsules, X 6 ; 9, seed, adaxial view, X 6 ; 10, seed, lateral view, x 6.

Tabula 3194.

PAVETTA UNIFLOBA, Bremekamp.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Ixoreae.

P. uniflora, Bremekamp; species nova ab omnibus congeneribus

hactenus cognitis floribus solitariis distinguenda.

Frutex scandens, circiter 3 m. altus, omnibus parti bus facie interiore

stipularum et bractearum excepta glaber. Ramuli lonyi sympodiales,

ex internodiis concatenatis 3-5 cm. longis constantes ; internodia

singula in ramulos abbreviatos usque ad 0*6 cm. longos desinentia.

Ramuli abbreviate apice plerumque foliis quattuor coronati. Folia

brevissime petiolata ; lamina obovata, 2-2*5 cm. longa, 0*7-1 *2 cm.

lata, apice obtusa, calloso-mucronulata, basi cuneata, membranacea,

nervis utroque latere costae 2-3, domatiis nullis, nodulis bacteriorum

paucis linearibus irrcgulariter dispersis; petiolus usque ad 0*3 cm.

longus; stipulae ovatae, cuspidatae, intus sericeo-villosae. Flores

ramulos abbreviatos ordinis secundae perbreves in parte defoliata

ramulorum abbreviatorum primariorum dispositos terminantes, solitarii,

subsessiles, parte inferiore bracteis stipularibus connatis circumdati,

inodori. Calycis tubus 0*6 mm. longus ; lobi filiformes, 9 mm. longi.

Corollae tubus 3*5 cm. longus, tenuissimus; lobi 0*5 cm. longi, acuti.

Stylus 5*5 cm. longus.

Tropical Africa. Kenya Colony: Arabuko, in undergrowth of

Brachylaena forest, R. M. Graham , 1856.

The solitary flowers distinguish P. unifiora from all previously

described species of Pavetta. They are subtended at the base by a

pair of connate bracts such as subtend the inflorescence in the other

species. The flowers terminate minute “ short shoots ” which are borne

on the older, leafless part of the primary “ short shoots.”

The “ long shoots ” of P. unifiora are sympodial, formed by a

chain of axes each consisting of a single internode. The upper part

of each axis develops into a pseudo-lateral short shoot, from the

base of which the next axis of the sympodium arises as a lateral

branch.— C. E. B. Bremekamp.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size; 2, leaf, upper surface, showing bacterial

41 nodules,” X 2; 3, receptacle and calyx, X 2; 4, upper part of corolla, with

stamens, X 4; 5, stamen, X 6.

Tabula 3195.

DOMBEYA BRACHYSTEMMA, Milne-Redhead.

Sterculiaceae. Tribus Dombeyeae.

D. (Eudombeya) bracliystemma, Milne-Redhead ; species nova

affinis D. parvifoliae y K. Schum. et D. roseae , E. G. Baker, ab ilia fob is

rotundatis vel obtusissimis, pedunculis petiolis multo brevioribus, ab

hac ramis glabris, foliis indivisis differt.

Frulex subscandens, deciduus, usque 6 m. altus. Rami tenues,

pauciraraosi, glabri, cortice longitudinaliter costato brunneo ; rami

juniores minute puberuli. Folia longe petiolata, late ovata vel sub-

orbiculata, indivisa, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, basi cordata sinu

2-2*5 cm. alto, 8-11 cm. longa, 8-11 cm. lata, crenulato-dentata, supra

pilis stellatis velutino-pubescentia, subtus glauco-tomentella ; costa

et nervi laterales utrinque 6-7 (tribus e basi costae inclusis), utraque

patina tomentelli, subtus prominentes; petioli teretes, vix 11 cm. longi,

glabri, prope apicem minute puberuli et sparse hirsuti; stipulae

caducae, subulatae, circiter 1 cm. longae, inferne ut innovations dense

f/landuloso-papillatae et, pracsertim superne, sparsiuscule stellato-

hirsutae. Inflorescentiae umbelliformes, 3-5-florae, ex axillis foliorum

ortae, foliis breviores ; pedunculi 2*5-3 cm. longi, stellato-pubescentes

et glanduloso-papillati; pedicelli 1*2-1 *5 cm. longi, minute stellato-

tomentelli, pilis longis simplicibus hinc inde inspersis; bracteolae 3,

deciduae, lanceolato-subulatae, usque 9 mm. longae, utrinque dense

tomentellae. Flores conspicui, 4*5 cm. diametro ; alabastra ovata,

acuta, circiter 1-7 cm. longa et 0*9 cm. lata. Sepala 5, lanceolata,

acuta, 1 *9 cm. longa, 3 mm. lata, extra dense tomentella, intus glabra.

Retain 5, pallide rosea, rotundato-triangulata, basi late cuneata, 2*2 cm.

longa, 1*7 cm. lata, glabra, nervis siccitate prominentibus. Stamina

15 per tria cum staminodiis 5 alternantia ; triadis stamen medium

breve extra tubum paulluin infra apicem insertum, staminum lateralium

alterum breve, alterum longum; filamentorum tubus sinibus valde

inaequalibus itaque 2-3*5 mm. longus ; staminodia spathulato-linearia,

1 *5-1*7 cm. longa (tubo incluso); staminum filamenta subulata,

longiora 9 mm. longa, breviora 6-7 mm. longa (tubo incluso); antherac

lineares 3 *5-4 *5 mm - l° n g a c. Ovarium late ovoideum vel sub-

globosum, usque 6 mm. altum et 6 mm. diametro, obscure 5-lobatum,

horride hirsuto-tomentosum, 5-loculare, ovulis 6 pro loculo ; stylus

circiter 1 cm. longus, inferne densissime stellato-hirsutus, superne

glaber, stigmatibus 5 recurvatis sparse longihirsutis. Capsula non visa.

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District: among shrubs in evergreen

vegetation by Mbulungu Stream, west of Mutanda Bridge, 3 July 1930,

Milne-Redhead, 657.

During the months of July and August, Dombeya brachystemma forms

a conspicuous feature of the evergreen fringing forests in the Solwezi

District of Northern Rhodesia. It is a weak shrub, sometimes only

2 m. high, but frequently reaching as much as 6 m., gaining support

from the evergreen shrubs among which it grows. The large pale-pink

flowers, which much resemble wild roses, are very fragrant.

E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, X §; 2, petal, natural size ; 3, part of androeoium,

seen from without, showing a staminode and a group of three stamens, x 4;

4, pistil, x 3.

Tabula 3196.

CRYPTOSEPALUM PSEUDOTAXUS, E. G. Baker.

Leguminosae. Tribus Amherstieae.

C. pseudotaxus, E. G. Baker in Journ. Bot. vol. lxvi. suppl. I, p. 148

(1928); a C. arboreo , E. G. Baker, habitu semper vi rente, foliis et

floribus minoribus, foliolis apice obtusis vel rotundatis, racemis axil-

laribus vel pseudoterminalibus recedit.

Arbor parva vel interdum magna, usque 30 m. alta, sempervirens,

trunco recto simplici interdum usque 20 m. alto, supra copiose

ramosa, ramis horizontalibus densissime foliosis. Hamuli pills cmereis

rectis patentibus densiuscule hirsuti. Stipulae lineares vel subulatae,

usque 1-5 cm. longae, hirsutae, caducae. Folia abrupte pinnata,

4-7-iugata, circiter 3 cm. longa, 1 -5 cm. lata ; petiolus 1-2 mm. longus ;

rhachis usque 2-5 cm. longa, cum petiolis cinereo-birsuta ; foliola

subaequalia subsessilia, oblonga, parum inaequilateralia costa sub-

centrali, apice rotundata, basi leviter inaequilateralia, usque 1-7 cm.

lonca 0-5 cm lata, coriacea, supra glabra, mtidula, subtus margine

et costa sparse birsutis exceptis glabra ; costa supra prommula, subtus

valde conspicua ; nervi laterales utraque pagina inconspicui; petioluli

minuti hirsuti. Ilacemi pcrulati, multiflon, densissimi, axillares vel

pseudoterminales; perulae ovatae, concavae, apice acutae, usque

7 mm longae, ferrugineo-hirsutae; bracteae florum singulorum

lineari-lanceolatae vel subulatae, vix 1 cm. longae, hirsutae, caducae ;

nedicelli usque 5 mm. longi, pubescentes ; bracteolae 2, concavae,

alabastrum includentes, ovatae, obtusae vel subacutae, circiter 6 mm.

lnnuae 3-5 mm latae, pubescentes. Calyx brevis, cupuliformis,

IrnLatus lobo unico adaxiali deltoideo acuto 1-5 mm. longo excepto,

nonnunquam denticulis 3 (2 lateralibus et 1 anteriori) additis. Petalum

unicum calycis lobo oppositum, prope apicem tubi insertum, ellipticum

vel ovatum, apice rotundatum basi cuneatum, usque 6 mm longum

3 5 mm latum glabrum, ochroleucum. Stamina 3, perfecta vel

interdum 1-2 sta'minodiales ; filamenta filiformia usque 5 mm. longa ;

longae, rubro-brunneae. Ovarium inconspicue

antherae vn ‘ oblongum, circiter 1 mm. longum,

suturis bTr’sutis 1 circHer 2-3-ovulatum ; stylus circiter 1 mm. longus,

glaber, superne recurvatus stigmate oapitato instructs Ugume » late

oblongum vel obovato-oblongum, usque 6 cm. longum et 2-5 cm. latum,

lignosum, glabrum, saepiss.me 1-spermum.

Angola. T’Chirondongombe, Rio Luassingua, 18 June 1906,

Gossweiler , 2709 (type in Herb. Mus. Brit.). An evergreen tree of total

height of 60 ft. ; head small, densely branched ; branches spreading,

recalling the habit of a Cedar of Lebanon ; flowers whitish ; petal

white, one only ; calyx greenish-white, tomentose; anthers purplish-

violet ; filaments white ; slightly fragrant. It is this species that

gives the phytological and physiographical characters to the country

known as Ganguellas and Umbuellas. Native name “ Mucuwe.”

Cavange, 27 Aug. 1905, Gossweiler , 1900 (Herb. Mus. Brit.). The

“ Mucuwe ” of the Ganguellas, a dwarf evergreen tree and as such

resembling a Cedar or Taxus at a first glance ; leaves remarkably dusky

green ; trunk erect, head broad, branches spreading dilately ; flowers

white, scented ; an early-flowering specimen from Cavange. It is this

tree that so distinctly characterizes the woods ; it is common in the

dense secondary woods and constitutes, with a few other Caesalpinieae,

the primeval densely wooded grassless forests of this region; underneath

its densely leaved crown only mosses occur. On an ant-hill east of

Fte. P. Amelia, Sept. 1905, Gossweiler , 1900 a (Herb. Mus. Brit.).

A small and dwarf evergreen tree branched from the base ; branches

densely branched again, short, spreading; flowers whitish. Native

name “ Mucuwe.” In thickets together with Diplorhynchus sp. at

Cuito by Capunda, 1 July 1906, Gossweiler , 3032 (Herb. Mus. Brit.).

A dwarf evergreen tree resembling a conifer ; flowers white, anthers

blackish-purple. Cutchi, near Fte. Conselheiro Barja, in fruit, Nov.

1906, Gossweiler , 3486 (Herb. Mus. Brit., Herb. Kew.).

Northern Rhodesia. Mwinilunga District: dominant on areas of

sand between R. Kabompo and R. Kasingiko, 1 Aug. 1930, Milne-

Redhead , 810. A flat-topped cedar-like evergreen tree, up to 9 m.

high, not yet in flower, and no fruits seen ; young and previous season s

foliage present together on the tree. The dominant tree of the

“ Mavunda ” sand country about 60 Km. south of Mwinilunga, and

19 lvm. west of R. Lunga, 15 Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead, 916. An ever¬

green tree usually about 15 m. high, but sometimes met with as much

as 30 m. high ; flowers cream-coloured, anthers red-brown. Vernacular

name “ Mukwechi ” (Chikaonde).

Cryptosepalum pseudotaxus is the dominant tree of the woodlands,

occurring on the so-called Kalahari sand in the Mwinilunga District

of ^Northern Rhodesia and the adjacent portion of Eastern Angola.

This tree at times grows to a great height, and beneath its shade a dense

growth of evergreen shrubs, knit together by species of Landolphia ,

forms an almost impenetrable tangle. Below this evergreen shrub

layer the shade is so dense that the loose sand is practically destitute

of any herbaceous vegetation, two species of moss (Leucobryum

madagassum , Besch. and Campylopus inandae , Rehm.) alone appearing

able to enjoy the very unfavourable conditions. This Cryptosepalum

woodland is known by the Kaonde natives as “ Mavunda,” and is

almost entirely uninhabited. Associated with Cryptosepalum pseudo -

iaxus in these woodlands are Copaifera coleosperma , Benth., Marquesia

acuminata (Gilg) R. E. Fr., Parinari mobola , Oliv., Pterocarpus ango-

lensis , DC., Afrormosia angolensis (Bak.) Harms, and one or two species

of Brachystegia , to mention only some of the more important timber

trees. It is interesting to note that Cryptosepalum pseudotaxus has not

been recorded from the Kalahari sand area to the south of Northern

Rhodesia, where the rainfall is considerably less than it is in the

Mwinilunga District, and conversely that the two common trees of this

southern area of similar sand, Baikiaea plurijuga, Harms, and Pterocarpus

Stevensonii , Burtt Davy, were not noticed in the Cryptosepalum wood¬

land, and that neither species appears to have been collected by

Gossweiler in Angola.—E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, flowering branchlet, natural size ; 2, one of the perulao from the base of

the inflorescence, X 4 ; 3, subtending bract of flower, X 4 ; 4, flower with pedicel

and pair of bracteoles, anterior view, X 4; 5, flower, with braoteoles and upper

part of stamens removed, lateral view, X 8; 6, median longitudinal section of

flower, showing attachment of petal and pistil, and placentation, X 8 ; 7, petal,

X 4; 8, stamen, from the back, x 8; 9, part of infructescence, showing mature

legume and persistent basal part of a second one after dehiscence, natural size ;

10, seeds, natural size.

Tabula 3197.

OREACANTHUS MONTIFUGA, Milne-Redhead,

Acanthaceae. Tribus Isoglosseae.

0. montifuga, Milne-Redhead ; species nova, affinis 0. Mannii ,

Benth., sed habitu humili, foliis minoribus, inflorescentiis dense

purpureo-glanduloso-pilosis, floribus magis confertis, tubo corollae

paullo longiore differt.

Herha perennis, vix 3 dm. alta ; caules decumbentes, nodis inferio-

ribus radicantibus, infra paniculam puberuli vel glabrescentes. Folia

ovata vel ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, in petiolum cuneatim angustata,

vix 5 cm. longa, 2 cm. lata, utrinque parce puberula ; petioli usque

6 mm. longi. Thyrsi oblongi, 5-6 cm. longi, circiter 3 cm. lati, pilis

purpureis crispatis glandulosis dense pubescentes. Calyx fere usque

ad basin 5-partitus, 4 mm. longus, segmentis linearibus subaequalibus

purpureo-glanduloso-pilosis. Corolla alba vel subcaeruleo-alba, glabra,

loborum apicibus parcissime hirsutis, 11 mm. longa ; tubus cylindricus,

4 mm. longus; limbus 7 mm. longus, labiis aequilongis; labium

posticum anguste lanceolato-oblongum, integrum, suberectum ; anticum

patens, alte trifidum, lobis planis anguste lanceolato-oblongis 3*5 mm.

longis. Staynina 2, fauci inter labia affixa ; filamenta filiformia, 9 mm.

longa, limbo hiante conspicua; antherae monothecae, oblongae,

dorsifixae, purpureo-caeruleae; staminodia nulla. Discus minutus,

cupularis. Stylus filiformis, usque ad 18 mm. longus, subinteger;

ovarium circiter 2 mm. longum, 4-ovulatum. Capsula elliptica, in

basin attenuata, 8 mm. longa ; semina abortu 2, compressa, rugoso-

tuberculata, 2 mm. diametro.

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District: in evergreen vegetation

by stream just east of River Kabompo near Mebwanki’s village,

1400-1600 m., 31 July 1930, Milne-Redhead , 807. Perennial herb,

growing in dense shade of evergreen shrubs on damp ground rich in

humus ; flowers white or bluish-white.

The discovery in Northern Rhodesia of a second species of Oreacanthus

extends the known distribution of this hitherto monotypic genus by a

distance of no less than 2400 Km., for 0. Mannii , Benth. is known only

from the Cameroons Mountain.

In Bentham’s description of Oreacanthus Mannii (Hook. Ic. PI.

t. 1211: 1877), the stamens are said to be attached near the bottom

of the tube. An examination of the type material proves, however,

that the point of attachment of the stamens is near its mouth. As

the tube in that species is very short the point of attachment is conse¬

quently not far from the bottom of the corolla, which is in agreement

with the generic description in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. vol. ii. p. 1104.

In Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vol. v. p. 176, the capsule of Oreacanthus is

said to be 4-seeded. In Gen. PI., l.c., Bentham describes the capsule

as being 4-seeded, or by abortion, fewer-seeded, and an examination

of the typ6 material reveals that 2~seed.ec!. capsules are most frecjuent

0. Mannii is described by Mann in his field notes as being an

“ herbaceous pi. 12 ft. high ” (Mann, 1259), and an “ herb. pi. 10-12 ft.

high ” (Mann, 1971), whereasC.B. Clarke in FI. Trop. Afr., l.c., describes

it as a shrub. According to Dunlap (No. 50 in Herb. Kew.), it is very

common on the Cameroons Mountain, “ forming thickets 12-15 ft.

high, from 3000 ft. up to the timber line.”—E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, flower, lateral view, X 4 ; 3, corolla, laid open,

showing insertion of stamens, X 4 ; 4, ovary and disk, X 10; 5, capsule after

dehiscence, showing the two seeds, X 4 ; 6, a seed, X 6.

Tabula 3198.

BLEPHARIS MENOCOTYLE, Milne-Redhead.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Acantheae.

B. (Acanthodium) menocotyle, Milne-Redhead ; species nova a

B. Buchneri , Lindau, foliis pseudo-verticillorum subaequalibus margini-

bus espinosis, foliis duobus infimis cum cotyledonibus persistentibus

pseudo-verticillum formantibus, inflorescentiis saepe ex axillis cotyle-

donum exortis, floribus multo minoribus recedit.

Herba annua, erecta ; caules simplices, usque 26 cm. longi parte

hypocotylari 5-14 cm. longa superne hirsuta inclusa, hirsuti. Cotyle-

dones persistentes, cum foliis infimis pseudo-verticillatae, lunato-

flabelliformes, 1-1 cm. longae, 3*5 cm. latae, glabrae, inferne aspere

ciliatae. Folia pseudo-verticillata, sessilia, subaequalia, oblonga vel

linearia, usque 14 cm. longa, 1-3 cm. lata, apice acuta vel apiculata,

sparsiuscule albo-hirsuta vel glabrata, minute serrulato-ciliata, venis

perinconspicuis. Injlorescentiae 1 2, ex axillis cotyledonum vel

foliorum inferiorum exortae, valde confertae, usque 4-5 cm. diametro ;

bracteae lanceolatae, 6-15 mm. longae, apice et margine valde spi-

nosae, glanduloso-hirsutae. Calyx usque ad basin 4-partitus, parce

glanduloso-hir8utus ; segmentum posticum oblongo-lanceolatum, apice

minute dentatum, apiculatum, 3-nerve, 1-7 cm. longum, 3-2 mm.

latum ; anticum binerve, apice bifidum, margine valde spinoso bracteis

simile, 1*3 cm. longum, 5 mm. latum ; segmenta lateralia uninervia,

oblongo-lanceolata, apice obtusa, apiculata, 1-4 cm. longa, 2*2 mm.

lata. Corolla caerulea, 1*3 cm. longa; tubus 3 mm. longus, extra

glaber annulo pilorum apicali excepto, fauce pilis horizontalibus clausa ;

labium oblongum, apice 3-lobum, utrinque breviter pubescens, intus

basin versus lamellis duabus parallels longitudinalibus 3 mm. longis

instructum. Stamina quatuor, fauce affixa ; filamenta postica arcuata,

sursum angustata, 3 mm. longa, basin versus 1 mm. lata ; filamenta

antica subrecta, 3 mm. longa, 1 *2 mm. lata, lobo antherifero 0*5 mm.

longo, lobo altero curvato obtuso 1 mm. longo ; antherae monothecae,

puberulae, valde ciliatae, 2*5 mm. longae. Ovarium late ovoideum,

1*5 mm. altum, 1*2 mm. diametro, glabrum, apice postice glandulis

duabus papillatis instructum; stylus ensiformis, breviter bifidus.

Capsida ovoidea, leviter compressa, 1 cm. longa, 6x4 mm. diametro,

glabra, nitidula. Semina duo, alba, compressa, ovato-orbicularia,

7 mm. longa, 5*5 mm. lata, 2 mm. crassa, pilis inconspicuis arete

adpressis dense induta, pilis post humectandum patentibus satis

longis albis mucilaginosis subtiliter plumosis.

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District: among grass in Brachy-

stegia woodland at Mutanda Bridge, 20 June 1930, Milne-Redhead,

537 (type). Erect annual, 2 dm. high, leaves smooth, linear ; persistent

cotyledons just below the flower-heads; flowers blue. Mumbwa

District: near Mumbwa, 1911, Mrs. Macaulay , 648, pro parte.

This species, which is known only from Northern Rhodesia, is remark¬

able in having part of its inflorescence borne in the axils of the persistent

cotyledons. The hypocotyl is frequently 10 cm. or more in length,

and the persistent crescent-shaped cotyledons form a false whorl

in conjunction with the lowest pair of foliage leaves ; in the axils of

this false whorl the inflorescence is frequently but not invariably borne,

as it sometimes occurs in the axils of the next false whorl of foliage

leaves. Blepharis glumacea , S. Moore, with which B. menocotyle was

found growing, also has persistent cotyledons, but they do not form a

false whorl nor bear the inflorescences in their axils.

Both species were found growing in very hard dry ground in partial

shade of species of Brachystegia and other deciduous trees. B. meno¬

cotyle was both flowering and fruiting, and in every specimen the

cotyledons were alive and functioning as assimilatory organs.

The seeds, while still dry, appear smooth and glabrous, but after

soaking in water are seen to be densely hispid with mucilaginous hairs

(fig. 11). The hairs are present in the dry condition, but escape notice

owing to their being closely appressed to the testa. This peculiar

phenomenon occurs also in various other genera of Acanthaceae such

as Asteracantha, Chaetacanthus , Dyschoriste and Ruellia , according to

Lindau (Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. vol. iv. 3B, p. 284 :

1895). *

The presence of two glands at the apex of the ovary on its posticous

surface is a generic character of Blepharis , according to C. B. Clarke

(FI. Trop. Afr. vol. v. p. 94 : 1899).—E. Milne-Redhead.

. , IG * 1» an entire plant, showing the persistent cotyledons forming a false whorl

wi h the first pair of foliage leaves, natural size ; 2, bracts, X 2 ; 3, bifid anticous

ca yx segment, X 2 ; 4, a lateral sepal, X 2 ; 5, posticous sepal, X 2 ; 6, corolla

r ° m . f back, x 4 ; 7, the same laid open, X 4 ; 8, an anticous stamen,

, 11 pistil, x 4 ; 10, capsule, lateral view, X 2 ; 11, moistened seed, showing

the mucilaginous hairs, x 2.

Tabula 3199.

SAPIUM ACETOSELLA, Milne-Redhead.

Euphorbiaceae. Tribus Hippomaneae.

S. (Armata) Acetosella, Milne-Redhead ; species nova a S. suf -

fruticoso , Pax habitu humiliore, foliis minoribus subsessilibus eglandu-

losis, bracteis (J unifloris, floribus ? sessilibus, seminibus carunculatis

diflert.

Herha perennis, valde caespitosa, tota glabra ; caules multi, erecti,

e caudice crasso lignoso valde ramoso orti, simplices vel parte inferiore

ramis paucis axillaribus instructi, circiter 10-15 cm. longi, usque ad

basin foliiferi. Folia elliptica vel elliptice ovata vel obovata vel lanceo-

lata, usque 1-8 cm. longa et 0-9 cm. lata, vel usque 2-3 cm. longa

et 6 mm. lata, apice acuta, basin versus attenuata, vix petiolata,

margine minutissime serrulata, eglandulosa, plus minusve glauco-viridia

venis perinconspicuis; stipulae minutissimae, lineari-subulatae, mox

deciduae. Inflorescentiae terminales, 2-3 cm. longae, interne flores

$ 1-4 gerentes, floribus ceteris <J. Flores :— Bracteae uniflorae,

superne triangulares, acutae, irregulariter denticulatae, interne bi-

glandulosae; glandulae breviter compresse cornucopiitormes, 1 mm.

longae. Calyx trifidus lobis triangularibus irregulariter denticulatis".

Stamina 3, filamentis liberis. Flores $:—Bracteae superne sub-

rhomboideae, medio utrinque dente grosso instructae, interne biglandu-

losae; glandulae stipitatae, cornucopiitormes, leviter compressae.

Calyx e sepalis 3 liberis late triangularibus denticulatis compositus",

glandulis 1-2 sepalis alternantibus instructus. Ovarium glabrum*

grosse 6-appendiculatum appendiculis aliformibus; styli basi in

columnam brevem connati. Capsula tricocca, circiter 8 mm. alta

8 mm. diametro, Crustacea (nec lignosa nec drupacea), breviter 6-corni-

culata. Semina subcylindrica, circiter 5 mm. longa, 4 mm. diametro

valde et conspicue carunculata.

Northern Ehodesia. Mwinilunga District: in sandy plain after

early burning, east of Mwinilunga and about 25 Km. west of

R. Kabompo, 11 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead , 1105. Tufted perennial

forming patches 3 dm in diameter; leaves glaucous; inflorescence

resembling that of Rumex Acetosella ; fruits corniculate; seeds

carunculate.

In the key to the genera of the tribe Hippomaneae of Euphorbiaceae

in Engl. Pflanzenreich, vol. iv. 147 V. p. 13, Pax and Hoffmann separate

the genus Sapium from Stillingia on account of the former having

ecarunculate seeds. Yet they include under Sapium the Madagascan

plant, Sapium melanostictum (Baill.) Pax et K. Hoffm., which has

carunculate seeds. S. Acetosella agrees with S. melanostictum in this

character, and can be distinguished from Stillingia by the base of the

pericarp not being persistent after the dehiscence of the fruit.

The affinity of Sapium Acetosella appears to be with S. suffruticosum,

Pax, an Angolan species the fruit and seed of which are unknown.

S. suffruticosum has been placed by Pax and Hoffmann in their section

Armata , the numbers of which are characterized by having six spiny

outgrowths on their capsules. The ovary of S . suffruticosum has six

wing-like appendages, which it is presumed would develop into the

spines as the capsule ripens. Similarly S. Acetosella has an appendicu-

late ovary, and its capsule is known to be spiny. However, the capsule

of S. Acetosella differs from all those that are known in the section

Armata in its texture, being neither woody nor drupaceous, but

crustaceous.

Not only is S. Acetosella of interest in connection with its taxonomic

position, but it is remarkable on account of its very reduced habit, it

being by far the smallest member of the genus. It is an undershrub with

a woody underground rootstock, and forms large patches on the sandy

plains in the Mwinilunga District of Northern Rhodesia. After the

annual fires, and before the beginning of the rains, the plant sends up

large numbers of flowering shoots, and at the same time leafy shoots

develop from their lower buds. The shoots at the time of collecting

were about 10-15 cm. high, and apparently were not yet mature, whilst

the plant was in full flower, and a number of capsules were already

ripe.— E. Milne-Redhead.

tio. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, portion of rhachis with bract and male flower,

X 21 ; 3, 4, bract of male flower, flattened, abaxial and adaxial views, X 12 ;

calyx of same, from below, x 6 ; 6 , portion of rhachis with bract and female

flower, x 12 ; 7, female flower, abaxial view, showing calyx with intersepaline

glands, x 12 ; 8, the same, with calyx removed, showing the wing-like appendages

o the carpels, x 12; 9, dehiscing capsule, X 2; 10, a single coccus, X 2; 11, seed,

adaxial view, x 2.

Tabula 3200 .

PELARGONIUM FRUTETORUM, R. A. Dyer.

Geraniaceae. Tribus Pelargonieae.

P. frntetorum, R. A. Dyer in Kew Bull. 1932, p. 446 ; affine P. in -

quinanti , L. et P. zonali , L. ; ab illo foliis zonatis, petalis salmoneis nec

crucnto-rubris, ab hoc petalis latioribus, florum colore, sepalis oblongo-

linearibus apice rotundatis vel breviter apiculatis, foliis mollius

pubescentibus lobis crenatis differt.

Herba suffrutescens, sparse ramosa, ramis plus minusve scandentibus

usque 1-25 m. alta. Caules pubescentes, pilis brevibus glandulosis et

longioribus eglandulosis instructi, teretes, 5-7 mm. crassi, carnosulo-

sublignosi. Folia orbiculata vel reniformi-orbiculata, basi cordata

5-Iobata, lobis crenatis vel crenato-dentatis, basalibus sese imbricantibus|

usque 5 cm. longa, 4-7-5 cm. lata, vix carnosula, zonata, utrinque

indumento molli satis induta ; stipulae late vel latissime ovatae,

1 -1-1 *8 cm. longae, 0*9-1 -3 cm. latae,abrupte acuminatae,acutae, mox

membranaceae. Pedunculi 8-20 cm. longi, pubescentes, pilis glandulosis

brevibus et eglandulosis longis instructi, usque 14-flori. Bracteae

plerumque 6, stipulis similes sed multo minores. Flares pedicellati

pedicellis 3-5-5-5 cm. longis, infra calcar pilosis, calycis calcare tenui*

3-3-4-7 cm. longo eis adnato, pilis brevibus glandulosis et perpaucis

longioribus eglandulosis ornato. Sepala oblongo-linearia, 6-8 mm.

longa, circiter 1-5 mm. lata, breviter apiculata extra pilosa. Petala

subaequalia, obovata, vel obovato-cuneata, apice plerumque rotundata,

3 inferiora usque 2 cm. longa, 1 cm. lata, leviter emarginata, extra

dilutissime rosea, intus roseo-salmonea, 2 superiora saturatius colorata.

Stamina 10, antheris fertilibus 7, 5 antesepala calyci fere aequilonga,

2 antepetala posteriora breviora. Ovarium dense villosum. Fruetus

fere 3 cm. longus, rostro pilis patulis albidis hirsuto.

South Africa. Cape Province : Bathurst Div.; near the Kowie

River, 9 Oct., Burchell , 4029, 4090 (type); in Kowie bush near Salt

Vlei, shady, Britten , 6891. Alexandria Div.; in bush at Bushmans

River mouth, occasional, 12 May, Galpin , 10664.

In the wild state this species is found as a member of the middle tier

of the coastal scrub vegetation. In consequence of its shady habitat

it assumes a somewhat scandent habit and seldom flowers profusely,

and is never very abundant in one place. It was from a living plant

from the type locality, brought to Kew by Miss E. M. Hill during

1931, that the accompanying figure was drawn. A specimen has been

preserved in the Kew Herbarium under the number P. 103. As

compared with wild specimens, the cultivated plants show a more

compact growth, and a more pronounced zonal leaf-marking, and the

sepals are more uniformly narrowed towards the apex. The beautiful

salmon-pink colour of the flowers, combined with the dark zonal leaf-

marking, make it a very desirable species for cultivation.

In the diagnosis, P.frutetorum has been compared with P. inquinans

and P. zonule , both of which occur in the Eastern Cape Province, rather

than with cultivated species with no “ wild ” history and which may

well have originated by hybridization. Although P. inquinans and

P. zonale occur in the same botanical region, neither species has been

found in the coastal bush to which P.frutetorum is restricted.

The true relationship between the wild species of this group has

certainly been obscured by the presence of artificial hybrids and

possibly of natural hybrids also. The classifications of Harvey (Harv.

and Sond. FI. Cap. vol. i. p. 198: 1860) and Knuth (Engl. Pflanzenr.

vol. iv. 129, p. 439 : 1912) include too many forms under P. inquinans

and P. zonale , but owing to the delicate nature of the flowers and the

absence of adequate herbarium material accompanied by good field

notes, the solution of the various problems concerned lies more in the

hands of residents than with overseas botanists.—R. A. Dyer.

Fig* 1, a branch showing the spreading scandent tendency of the plant, natural

size ; 2, pedicel and flower, with petals removed, the solid basal part of the pedicel

long-pilose, the portion fused with the calyx-spur glandular-pubescent with only

a few long hairs, and the pilose sepals with fewer glandular hairs, X 1*5; 3, staminal

tube opened out, 3 staminodes and 2 posterior stamens viewed from the back ;

the two short filaments fused on the outside of the staminal tube, their anthers

dehiscing extrorsely; the anthers of the longer stamens opening in a circle round

the immature style, X 3; 4, ovary with rostrum and 5-branched style, X 4.