V

0059654

IROTM, BOTANIC iftAHDEirs,

BLEW.

/% Or

!

ICONES PLANTARUM

OR

FIGURES, WITH DESCRIPTIVE CHARACTERS AND REMARKS,

OF NEW AND RARE HANTS

SELECTED FROM THE

KEW HERBARIUM

FIFTH SERIES

EDITED FOR THE BENTHAM TRUSTEES BY

SIR ARTHUR W. HILL, K.C.M.G., Sc.D., F.R.S.

DIRECTOR, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW;

HONORARY FELLOW. KING’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.

VOL. III.

OH VOL. XXXIII. OF THE ENTIRE WORK.

DULAU & CO., Ltd.

32 OLD BOND STREET, LONDON, W.l.

y Sr / i

~p '

'X/v<^v i

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

The names given in clarendon typo are those of plants described or renamed in

the work ; an * is prefixed to the names of those not figured. Names in

roman characters are those of plants discussed in tho text. All synonyms

are printed in italics ; an * is prefixed to synonyms belonging to plants

not figured.

Plate

Adhatoda Engleriana, C. B.

Clarke . .‘1207

Agapetes angustifolia, A iry-Shaw .*1255

- brachypoda. Airy -Shaw . 3257

- buxifolia, Nutt. . . . 3259

- - Hosseana, Diels . 3250, 3259

- Kanjilali, A, Dus . . . 3269

- linearifolia, C. B. Clarke . 3255

- Mannii, Hemsl . 3256

- noriifolia, Airy -Shaw . . 3255

- nutans, Dunn . . . .3255

- pensilis, A iry-Shaw . . 3256

- spissa, A iry-Shaw . . . 3258

- Wardii, W. W. Sm. . . 3258

- yunnanensis, Branch. 3256, 3259

*Agrostis ovata , G. Forst. . . 3261

Allium Bornmulleri, Hayek . 3279

- moschatum, L . 3279

Alloteropsis, Presl . . . .3210

Amaracus amanus, Bornm. . . 3204

- cordifolius, Benth. . . . 3204

- *pulcher , Briq . 3204

- - scaix'r. Briq . 3294

*A?nblyachyrum , Hochst. ex

Steud . 3262

*A ndropogon binatus, Rotz. . . 3262

- infirmus , St< u(l. . . . 3263

Anisotes bracteatus, Milne-Red-

htad . 3208

- umbrosus, M line- Bedhead 3267

- Zenkori, C. B. Clarke . . 3267

*Anthisliriay L. f . 3286

- *membranacea, Lindl. . . 3286

- - - var. * trichopus, Benth. 3286

*Apocopis, Nees . 3262

Asplenium longicauda, Hook. . 3287

- paueijugum. Ballot ■/ . . 328 7

♦Aster Eylesii, M ilne- Bedhead . 3243

Astragalus apollinous, Boiss. et

Heldr . 3202

I

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Plate

Brachy podium, sect. Lepto-

rhachis, Nevaki . . . 3280

- sect. Trachynia, Nym. . 3280

- pinnatum, Beauv. . . . 3280

- serpentini, G. E. Hubbard 3280

- sylvaticum, R. et S. . . 3280

Calyptochloa, C. E. Hubbard

(gen. nov.) . 3210

- gracillima, G. E. Hubbard . 3210

( 'ant Ilium, Lam . 3242

Cephaelis Duckei, Standley . . 3300

- potaroensis, Sandwith . . 3300

Cephalorrhynchus Candolleanus,

Boise . 3277

- cataractarum , Simk. . . 3277

- glandulosus, Boise. . . 3277

- var. cataractarum ,

.Simk . 3277

- hispidus, var. cataractarum ,

Simk . 3277

Ceropegia abyssinica, JJecne. . 3219

- - fllicalyx, Bullock . . . 3219

*Chionachne Sclerachne, b\ M.

Bailey . 3209

Chorisandra, Benth. et Hook. f. . 3250

Cicerbita, Wattroth .... 3277

- glandulosa , Beauverd . 3277

*Cinna ovata, Kunth . . . 3201

Cleistochloa, C. E. Hubbard

(gen. nov.) . 3209

- *Sclerachne, C. E. Hubbard 3209

- subjuncea, C. E. Hubbard 3209

*Coelarthron , Hook. f. 3262

Costera cyclophylla, J. J . Smith

et Airy -Share .... 3281

- ovalifolia, J. J. Smith . 3281

Coutarea, Avbl . 3295

- hoxandra, K. Sr hum. . . 3295

- *lati flora, Sessd et Moc. ex

DC . 8228

- *latiflora, Standley, non

Sess6 et Moc . 3295

- *Lumacana, Bail]. . . . 3295

- +mexicana, Zucc. et Mart. 3295

- *octomera, Homsl. . . . 3295

- *pterosperma , Standley . 3295

Crassula aquatica, Schonl. . . 3218

- natans, Thunb. . . . 3218

- Vaillantii, Roth . . . 3218

- Wrightiana, Bullock . . 3218

Crotalaria annua* Mil nr -Redhead 3243

- argyrolobioides, Baker . 3243

- axillaris, Dryand. . . . 3245

- bicolor, /. Johnston . 3244

- phyllostachys, Baker . . 3243

- praecox, Milne- Redhead . 3244

Plate

Crotalaria streptorrhy ucha, M line-

Redhead . 3245

Cuphea, sect. *Diploptychia,

Koehne . . 3294

- subsect. Leio-

ptychia, Koehne 3294

- subsect. Orni-

thocuphca ,

Koehne . . 3294

- aubseet. Tri-

choptychia,

Koehne . . 3294

- sect. Ornithocuphea, Bui-

took . 8224

- avigera, Robins, et Seaton . 3294

- Hintoni, Bullock . . . 3294

Cyananthus macrocalyx var.

pilosus, Marquand . . . 3205

- Wardii, Marquand . . . 3205

Cymothoi , Airy- Shaw . . . 3281

- cyclophylla . Airy-Shaw . 3281

Cynorchis Barlaeae, Schltr. . . 3230

- debilis, Summerhayc a . . 3230

- parva. Summer ha yes . . 3230

Cyperu8 Bowmanni , F. Muell. . 3200

- hyalinus , Vahl .... 3208

- pumilus, Noes, non L. . 3208

Diclidium, Schrad . 3200

Digastrium , A. Camus . . . 3203

- fragile , A. Camus . . . 3203

Digitaria, Hall. . . . 3210, 3231

Disperis cardiopetala. Summer-

hayes . 3270

- cordata , Summorhayes, non

Sw . 3270

- dicerochila, Summer hayes . 3272

- Johnstoni, Rchb. f. . . 3209

- katangensis, Summerhayes 3271

- Kerstenii, Rchb. /. . . . 3272

- louconeura, Schltr. . . . 3272

- mozambicensis, Schltr. 8209,3271

- Nelsonii, Rolfe .... 3272

- oppoeitifolia, Lindt. . . 3272

- - Reichenbachiana, Welw, ex

Rchb.f, . 3209

- Stolzii, Schltr. . . 3209,3271

- togoensis, Schltr. . . . 3270

- virginalis, Schltr. . . . 3272

Duroia saccifera. Hook. f. . . 3241

Echinopogon *asper% Trin. . . 3261

- *caespitosus, G. E. Hubbard 3201

- var- *Cunninghamii,

C. E. Hubbard . . 3201

- ’"Cheelii, G. E. Hubbard . 3201

- intermedius, G. E. Hubbard 3201

- *McKiei, C. E. Hubbard . 3201

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Plate

Echinopogon *novae-zelandiae ,

Gandoger . 3261

- * nutans, C. E. Hubbard . 3261

- var. * major, C. E.

Hubbard .... 3261

- — *ovatus, Beauv. . . . 3261

- var. *pubiglumis, C.

E. Hubbard . . . 3261

- *phleoides, C. E. Hubbard 3261

- *purpurascens , Gandoger . 3261

- *Sieberi, Steud. . . . 3261

- * virens, Gandoger . . . 3261

Ectrosia, It. Br . 3283

Elytrophorus, Beauv. . . .3283

Encephalartos grains, Praia . 3220

- kosiensis. Hutch. . . . 3220

Entolasia, Stapf . 3200

- marginata, Hughes . . 3209

- stricta, Hughes . . . 3209

- subjuncea , C. E. Hubbard . 3209

* Ephebopogon , Neos ot Meyenox

Steud . 3262

Eragrostis, Host . 3283

Erlangea Quarrei, Hutch, et B. L.

Burtt . 3217

- sengensis, S. Moore . . 3217

*Eulalia, Kunth . 3262

*Eulaliopsis, Honda .... 3262

— *angustiJolia , Honda . . 3262

- *binata, C. E. Hubbard . 3262

Exochogyne, C. B. Clarke . . 3273

- amazonica, C. B. Clarke . 3273

- decandra, Tutin . . . 3276

- megalorrhyncha, Tutin . 3274

* Felicia Eylesii, S. Moore . . 3243

Festuca, sect. Variae, Hack. . 3280

- flaveseens, Bellardi . . 3280

Fockea * capensis , Endl. . . . 3221

- crispa, K. Schum. . . . 3221

- cylindrica, R. A. Dyer . 3221

- cdulis, K. Schum. . . . 3221

- * glabra, Beene. . . . 3221

- gracilis, R. A. Dyer . . 3222

- sinuata, Druce .... 3222

- *undulata , N. E. Br. . . 3222

*Gaimardiu minima, Colenso . 3264

Gaultheria, series Dumicolae,

A iry-Shaiv . 3207

- codonantha. Airy- Shaw . 3207

- dufnicola, auett. ... 3206

- dumicola, W. W. Smith 3206, 3207

1 dumicola, var. petano-

neuron, Airy-Shaw . . 3206

- — - notabilis, Anlh . . . . 3207

Cenipa echinocarpa , A. Gray . 3298

Gentiana calyculata, Ehronb. , non

La LI. et Lex . 3299

- calyculata, La LI. et Lex. . 3299

- salpinx, Griseb . 3299

Geranium aristatum, Freyn el

. 3276

- bohemicum, L . 3276

- reflexum, L . 3276

Germainia, Balansa el Poitrnss . . 3286

*Glecoma arvensis, L. ... 3229

Habenaria ambiyua, Kraenzl. . 3239

- cultriformis, Kraenzl. . . 3237

- Engleriana, Kraenzl. . . 3212

- geniculata, D. Don . . 3212

- incompta, Kraenzl. . . 3237

- longirostris, Summerhayes 3211

- prionocraspedon, Summer¬

hayes . 3212

- rhombocorys, Schltr. . . 3211

- Tweedieae, Summerhayes . 3237

Heterachne abortiva, Druce . . 3283

- *Baileyi, C. E. Hubbard . 3283

- Brournii, Benth. . . . 3283

- *Gulliveri, Benth. . , . 3283

- var. * major, C. E.

Hubbard .... 3283

Hintonia, Bullock (gen. nov.) . 3295

- *latiflora, Bullock . . 3295

- var. leiantha, Bullock 3295

- *Lumaeana, Bullock . . 3295

- *octomera, Bullock . . 3295

- *Standleyana, Bullock . 3295

Homopholis, C. E. Hubbard . . 3231

I - Belsonii, C. E. Hubbard . 3231

*Homoplitis, Trin . 3262

*Homozeugos, Stapf .... 3262

*Hyacinthus con collar ioides , L. f. 3247

Hypericum thasium, Griseb. . . 3251

*Hy8terici na alopecuroides , Steud. 3261

laera , H. F. Copeland . . . 3281

Ischaemum, subgen. Digastrium,

Hack . 3263

- *angustifolium. Hack. . 3262

- *Baileyi, C. E. Hubbard . 3263

- fragile, R. Br . 3263

- rug08um, Salisb. . . . 3263

- truncatiglume , F. Muell. . 3262

*Ischnochloa. Hook. /. . . . 3262

Iseilema *actinostachys , Domin . 3286

- calvum, C. E. Hubbard . 3286

- *ciliatum, C. E. HubUird . 3286

- *convexum. C. E. Hubbard 3286

- dolichotrichum, C . E.

Hubbard . . • • • 3285

- *macratherum, Domin . 3286

- membranaceum, Domin . 3286

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Plate

Iseilema * membra naceum var.

trichopus, Domin . . . 328G

- *Mitchellii, Anderss. . . 3280

- var. * trichopus , Hack. 3280

- *trichopus, C. E* Hubbard 3280

- *vaginiflorum, Domin . 3280

— — Windersii, C. E. Hubbard 3284

Ixora anemodesma, K. Schum. . 3241

- divaricate, Hutch, et J. M.

Dalz . 3241

- hippoperifera, Bremekamp 3241

- laxiflora, Sm . 3241

- longipedunculata, De Wild. 3241

- ncmatopoda, K. Schum. . 3241

- rosea, K. Schum. . . . 3241

- viridiflora, K. Schum. . . 3241

Jasminum apocnse, Merr. . . 3282

- crassifolium, Bl. . . . 3282

- Cumingii, Merr. . . . 3282

- pellucidum, Airy-Shaw . 3282

- sarawaconse, King et

Gamble . 3282

Lucluca cataraclarum , Simk. . 3277

Lactueopsis, Schultz Bip. . . 3277

*Leptatherum, Noes . . . .3202

Leptoloma, Chase .... 3231

- cognatum, Chase. . . . 3231

- papposum, Hughes . . 3231

Lepturus *cylindricus, Trin. . 3233

- geminates, C. E. Hubbard 3233

- mincurvatus , Trin. . . . 3233

- *repcns, B. Br. . . . 3233

- *xerophilus, Domin . 3233

Liebrechtsia Ringoeti , Do Wild. 3213

*Lophopogon, Hack . 3202

• - *intermediust A. Camus . 3202

- Kingii, Hook. f. 3202

- *tcnax, BalanBa . . . 3202

- tridentatus, Hack. . . 3202

- truncatiglumis, Hack. . 3202

Lychnis Cyrilli , Degon et Ddrfl.,

non Richt. ox Reichb. . 3228

■ - Cyrilli, Richt. ex Reichb. . 3228

- subsp. subintegra ,

Jiornin. . . . ♦ 3228

- Flos cuculi, L. . . . . 3228

_ subsp. Cynlli , \ elcn. 3228

- subsp. subintegra,

Hayek .... 3228

_ _ _ _ var. Cyrilli , Polak . 3228

- subintegra, Turrill . . 3228

Mariscopsis hyalinus, Ballard . .1208

. — ■ suaveolens, Chonnczon . 3208

Mariscus Bowmanni, C. B.

Clarke . .

Plate

Mariscus Dietrichiae, C . B.

Clarke . . . . 3200

- subsp. Bowmannii,

Domin . . . . 3200

- subsp. brevibractoa-

tus, Domin . . . 3200

Molica, L . 3283

Microlaena polynoda, Hook. f. . 3200

Micromeria f ormosana, M ar-

quand . 3230

- Wardii, Marquand et A iry-

Shaw . 3230

*Microstegium, Nees . . . . 3202

Mulgedium, Cass . 3277

Mycolis, Cass . 3277

- glandulosa , Hayok . . . 3277

Myrtus Borbonis, JSennen . . 3203

- communis, L . 3203

- var. microphylla,

Willk. et Lange . . 3203

- var. tarentina, L. . 3203

- tarentina , Mill . 3203

emastachys, Steud. . . . 32 02

Nissolia Hintoni, Sandwilh . . 3248

- laxior, Rose . 3248

- montana, Rose .... 3248

Origanum amanutn , Post . . 3204

- * scab rum, Boiss. ot Holdr. 3204

Oryza australiensis, Domin . . 3232

- saliva , auctt . 3232

- saliva, L., var. fatua, Drain 3232

Oxygonum dclagoenso, O. Kuntze 3210

- Drogeanum, Meissn. . . 3210

- fruticosum, Dammtr ex

Milne- Redhead . . . .3215

- pachybasis, M ilne- Redhead 3215

- pubescens, C. H. Wright . 3215

- tenerum, Milne- Redhead . 3210

Palicouroa, Aubl . 3300

*Fan icum marginatum var. stric-

lum, F. M. Bailey, non

Bentb . 3200

- subjunceum, Domin, non

Ekman . 3200

Paspalum vaginatum, Sw. . . 3204

Pentas carnosa, Benth. . . . 3205

- graniticola, E. A. Bruce . 3205

- longituba, K. Schum. . . 3205

- magniflea. Bullock . . 3205

- nobilis, S. Moore . . . 3205

- purpurea, Oliv . 3205

Physostigma mesoponticum,

Taub . 3214

- venenosum, Balf. . , , 3214

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Plate

Platycoryne ambigua, Summer-

hayes ...... 3230

- megalorrhyncha, Summer-

hayes . 3238

- tonuicaulis. Rolfe . 3238,3230

Platymiscium *ellipticum , Rusby 3240

. - fragrans, Rusby . . . 3240

- hebestachyum, Benth. . 3240

- lasiocarpum. Sandwith 3240

- pubescens, Michel i 3240

Boa abortiva, R. Br . 3283

♦Pogonatherum, Beauv. . 3262

*Pogonop8%s , J. B. Presl . . 3262

* Pollinia , Trin., non Spreng. . 3262

* Pollinidium, Stapf ox Haines . 3262

- *angu8tifolium, Haines . 3262

- *binatumf C. E. Hubbard . 3262

*Polliniopsis, Hayaia .... 3262

Polygonum oquisotiformo, S. et S. 3254

- icaricum, K. H. Rechinger 3254

- longipes, Hal. et Charr. . 3254

- maritimum, L . 3254

- sctosum, Jacq. . . • 3254

- var. rostionoides,

Boise . 3254

*Polytoca Sclerachne, F. M.

Bailey . 3200

♦Polytrias, Hack . 3262

Portlandia, P. Br . 3205

- *Lumaeana, Baill. . . . 3295

- *ptero8perma , S. Wats. . 3295

*Pseudopogonatherum, A. Camus 3262

Psychotria, L . 3300

*Puliculum, Stapf ex Haines . 3262

Pycreus hyalinus , Domin . . 3208

- - pumilus , Nees .... 3208

Pygmaeothamnus concrescens,

Bullock . 3242

- Zoyheri, Robyns . . . 3242

Queenslandiella hyalina, Ballard 3208

- mira, Domin .... 3208

Randia, L . 3298

- aculoata, L . 3208

- echinocarpa, Sess6 et Moo. 3208

Remijia physophora, Benth. . . 3241

Rhadamanthus convallarioides,

Salisb . 3247

- urantherus, R. A. Dyer . 3247

Rhynchospora confusa, Ballard . 3250

- globosa, Britton . . . 3250

- hirta, Boeck . 3250

- m inarum, Steud. . . . 3250

- 'monadelpha , C. B. Clarke 3250

- W allichiana, Kunth . . 3250

*Rottboellia uniflora , A. Cunn. . 3264

Rouhamon peduncu latum, DC. . 3225

E.

Saponaria Aster ias , Griseb

Satyria, Klotzsch . . .

Satyrium flmbriatum. Summer-

hayes ....

- membranaceum, Sw.

- princeps, Bolus

Sclerandrium, Stapf et C,

Hubbard (gen. nov.

- ^intermedium, C.

Hubbard

- truncatiglume, Stapf

C. E. Hubbard ....

Senecio Cottonii, Hutch, et Taylor

- Johnstoni, Oliver

- Johnstoni , auett.

- kilimanjari, Mildbr

Silene Asterias. Oriseb.

- compacta, Friv.

- glareosa, Jord.

- *juvenalis, Del.

- maritima, With.

- olympica, Boiss.

- Roemeri, Friv. .

- Sendtneri, Boiss.

- var. emarginata,

Beck .

- subconica, Friv .

- var. Grisebachii,

David.

- ventricosa, Adamovit

- vulgaris, Garcke

Solenanthus albanieus, Deg

Bald .

- apenninus, Hohmack

- Biebersteinii, DC. .

- petiolaris, DC. .

- Reverchonii, Degen

- scar die us, Bornm. .

- stamineus, Wettsl. apud

Stapf .

Sorghum dimidiatum, Stapf

- purpureo-serieeum,.' t schers.

etSchweinf. .

- versicolor, Anderss.

*Sphaeroschoenu8 Wallichii, Nees

*Spodiopogon angustifolius , Trin.

Stachys arvensis, L. .

- hirta, L.

- serbica. Pand. .

SteptorhampkuB, Bunge

Strychnos asperula. Sprague et

Sandwith

- cogens, Benth. .

- divaricans, Ducke .

- - longissima, ljoes. .

- Mitacherlichii, Rich .

Schomb. . . . •

- panamensis, Seem. .

- pedunculata, Benth.

Plate

3226

3255

3240

:5lmo

3262

3290

3288

3289

3226

3201

3227

3201

3227

3201

3278

3234

3250

3262

3229

3277

3224

3223

3224

3223

3225

3223

3225

INDEX TO THE PLATES AND NAMES

Plate

Strychnos ramentifera, Ducke . 3224

- rondeletioides, Spruce ex

Benth . 3224

- Schomburgkiana , Klotzsch 3225

- smilacina, Benth. . . . 3225

- tabascana, Sprague etSand-

with . 3223

- trichostyla, Ducke . . . 3224

- trinilensi8, Griseb. . . . 3225

- triplinervia, Marl. . . . 3223

Syntrinema braailiense , Radik, et

Pfeiff . 3250

Tkomeda, Forsk . 3280

Trachynia, Link . 3280

Uragoga, L . 3300

Urgineopsis, Compton . . . 3247

Verbascum Dingleri, Mattf. et

Stef. . 3253

Verbascum gracile, Turrill .

- Nikolovii, Stoy. . . .

- nobile, Vel .

- psoudonobile, Stoy. et Stef.

- - var. acutiloba, Stoy.

et Stef. ....

Vigna esculenta, De Wild, ex Th.

et Hel. Durand

- nuda, N. E. Br.

- Ringoeti , E. G. Baker .

Zoisia Broumiit C. Muell.

- iodo8tachys> Gandogor .

- japonica, Steud.

- macrantha, Desv. . . .

- Matrella, Men.

- paucifiora, Mez

- pungen8y auctt.,non Willd.

- sedoideey C. Muoll. .

- sinica, Hance ....

- tenuifolia, Trin. . . .

Plate

3263

3253

3258

3253

3213

3204

3264

3204

Printed in England at The Ballanttke Press

Spottiswoode, Ballanttne Si Co. Ltd.

Colcheitec, London A Etna

*

Tabula 3201.

SILENE SUBCONICA Friv. var. GRISEBACHII David.

Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae.

S. subconica Friv. var. Grisebachii David, in Trud. na Big. Prirod.

Druz. viii. 53 (seorsum impr. 10) (1915) ; a planta Frivalskyana

petalorum unguibus longe exsertis differt.

Herba annua, a basi ramosa, caulibus 2-4 dm. longis erectis vel

suberectis inferne densissime albo-puberulis superne ut pedicelli

glanduloso-puberulis. Folia linearia vel lanceolato-linearia, subacuta,

inferiora 2-7 cm. longa et 1*5-2 mm. lata, superiora breviora utrinque

dense puberula. Inflorescentia 2-7-flora ; bracteae subherbaceae,

glandulosae ; pedicelli usque ad 1*3 cm. longi. Calyx cylindricus,

1- 5-1 *6 cm. longus, bre viter glandulosus, dentibus lanceolatis leviter

scarioso-marginatis ciliatis 7 mm. longis 1-1*25 mm. latis. Petala

rosea, unguibus 2 cm. longis 6-7 mm. supra calycis dentes exsertis

apice biauriculatis auriculis erectis 1 mm. longis, laminis 9 mm. longis

8 mm. latis 3*5 mm. lobatis ; coronulae 2*25 mm. longae, ad basin

bilobatae. Filamenta 1 *8 cm. longa, inferne pubescentia. Gynophorum

2- 2*5 mm. longum. Ovarium subcylindricum, 2*5 mm. longum,

1*25 mm. diametro ; styli 3, 1*2 cm. longi.

Thrace. Porto Lagos, dry sandy places, 23 May 1930, H. G. Tedd

334.

An account of the synonymy and specific history of Silene subconica

Friv. has been published in Kew Bull. 1933, 40. It is there shown

that S. juvenalis Del. is a synonym of this species, which — apart from

occurrences as an alien — has a distribution from S.E. Italy, through

Greece, Thessaly, N. and S. Macedonia, Thrace, N. and S. Bulgaria,

the Rodope Massif, Dobruja, Serbia, Hercegovina, and Asia Minor,

east to Armenia. The supposed long dormancy of the seeds under the

old scoriae from the silver mines at Laurion is also considered and

refuted.

The plant figured is a somewhat striking and apparently well-defined,

though rather local, variation from S. subconica which, as described

by Frivaldszky, is found with a fairly general distribution in the

countries round the north of the Aegean Sea and extending east, north

2

and west from there. Davidoff collected his material from near

Dedeagach, Maori, and Porto-Lagos. He remarks that the variety

flowers 10 to 15 days later than the typical kind, and is met with in

small communities along the sands of the Aegean in western Thrace.

It seems very probable that the variety arose mutationally in this

area. Flower mutations involving petal size, recessive to the normal,

so far as tested, are known for S. maritima and add to the poly¬

morphism of that species. It is of interest to record that a variation

very similar to that of S. subconica var. Grisebachii has appeared in one

plant in a large generation of S. vulgaris s.l. (probably a segregate

from S. glareosa X S. vulgaris s.s.), grown in the Herbarium Ground,

Kew, from seed collected by the writer on 7 Aug. 1931, above St. Nizier,

Hautes Alpes, France. Material is preserved at Kew under the number

K.1099, Plant 4. The character will, it is hoped, be studied genetically,

and its “ parallel ” occurrence in another species is alone noted here.

Davidoff’s statement that his specimens are provided with “ carpo-

phoro longiore (vix 2 mm.) ” needs further elucidation. In our material

the true gynophore (carpophore) in the flowering condition is 2 to

2*5 mm. long, but the apparent gynophore, i.e. from the base of the

calyx and thus including the calyx invagination and the very tightly

fitting “ corolla-tube/’ is quite 4 mm. long. It is probably the develop¬

ment of the internode, if such it be, between the calyx and corolla

and the corresponding elongation of the true gynophore which causes

the protrusion of the petals beyond the calyx teeth. Detailed inves¬

tigation must await the receipt of material suitable for anatomical

examination. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, whole plant, natural size ; 2, calyx, x 2 ; 3, two calyx-teeth and upper

portion of tube from inside, x 2 ; 4, calyx split open, showing invagination over

top of pedicel, “ corolla-tube ” and lower parts of filaments, gynophore, and

gynoecium, x 2 ; 5, petal, x 2 ; 6, stamen, x 2.

■

Tabula 3202.

ASTRAGALUS SERICOPHYLLUS Griseb.

Leguminosae. Tribus Galegeae.

A. sericophyllus Griseb. Spic. FI. rumel. et bithyn. i. 52 (1843) ; ab

A. apollineo Boiss. et Heldr. caulibus foliisque dense adpresse sericeis

differt.

Planta humilis, dense adpresse sericea, radice elongata lignosa,

caulibus inferne suffruticosis ramosis caespitosis vel subdiffusis. Folia

usque ad 4*7 cm. longa, nitidissime argentea ; foliola 2-6-juga, oblongo-

linearia, linearia, vel fere oblonga, subobtusa vel acutiuscula, 6-18 mm.

longa, 1-2 mm. lata, costa dorso prominula ; stipulae ovato-triangu-

lares vel ovato-oblongae rare oblongo-lineares, 1 *5-2 mm. longae, intus

glabrae et virides vel vetustae fuscae. Injlorescentia 1-10-flora ;

pedunculus 2*5-12 cm. longus ; bracteae oblongo-ovatae, circiter

2 mm. longae pilis albis nigrisque obtectae ; bracteolae plus minus

obsoletae. Calyx cylindricus, dorso circiter 1*5 mm. fissus, 7-11 mm.

longus, pilis albis nigrisque obtectus, dentibus anguste subulato-

triangularibus vel fere subulatis 1*5 mm. longis (in fructu usque ad

2*5 mm. longis) marginibus anguste membranaceis hirsutis instructus.

Corolla purpurascens ; vexillum 1*9 cm. longum, parte superiore

1*1 cm. longa 6 mm. lata oblonga, deinde triangulari-auriculatum,

parte inferiore gradatim cuneato-angustatum ; alae 1*7 cm. longae,

lamina 7 mm. longa 3 mm. lata; carina 1*4 cm. longa. Gynoeciurn

1*4 cm. longum; stylus complanatus ; ovarium cylindricum, 5 mm.

longum, 1*25 mm. diametro, dense adpresse hirsutum. Fructus

immaturus, 1*8 cm. longus (stylo excluso), 3 mm. latus, subadpresse

villosus.

North Macedonia. “ Scardus ” Grisebach ; Prilip, in saxosis m.

Sivec, copiose, 22 June 1921, Sollka.

South Macedonia. Near Gomichevo, west of Lake Ostrovo,

920 m., rocky limestone slopes by the Fiorina road, 15 June 1932,

Alston and Sandwich 867 ; Krystallopegae (Smrdesh), 1540 m., lime¬

stone cliffs, summit of slopes on south side of valley, east of the village,

19 June 1932, Alston and Sandwith 909. .

Greece. In m. Kythaerone supra Villia Atticae, in reg. abietina,

30 Maj. 1856, J. Guieeiardi , in Heldr. Herb. Graec. norm. 510;

Mt. Parnes, 1200 in., among fir woods, June 1932, S. C. Atchley 1600.

2

The attractive species figured here has an interesting distribution,

still incompletely known, from the southern parts of North (Serbian)

Macedonia, known also as South Serbia and as Vardar, through western

South (Greek) Macedonia, to Greece proper in Attica. In addition

to the records of specimens cited above, all in the Kew Herbarium, the

following are important : “ In regione montana Macedoniae occidentalis ;

in m. Nidg<$, cum Junipero Oxycedro , alt. 2650/-3000/ (substr. marmor.) ! ;

inter Trojaz-chan et Perlepe (substr. calc.) (Friedr.). FI. Jun. E.”

(Griseb. l.c.) ; “ In regione superiore mt. Ossa Thessaliae ” (Hal.

Consp. Flor. Graec. i. 431 : 1900) ; Pletvar in M. (Vandas, Reliq.

Formanek. 172 : 1909). It may be noted that Perlepe is another

name for Prilip, that Trojaci is a village lOi miles to the east of Prilip,

and Pletvar a place 5 miles to the east of Prilip. It is probable that

Grisebach’s specimen written up “ Scardus ” in the Kew Herbarium

is not from Scardus proper, i.e. the Shar Planina, but is a type specimen

from “ m. Nidge.” In his Reise durch Rumelien, ii. 164 (1841),

Grisebach lists his Astragalus sericophyllus as collected on 28 June 1839,

between 2650 and 3000 ft., above Zejjen. In tracing Grisebach’s

route for this part of his journey it appears probable that he crossed

the Malka Nidge and not the higher range of the Nidge proper to the

north-east. It is evident that the species may be expected to occur

on mountains between those of South Macedonia and Attica. The

record for Mt. Ossa indicates an intermediate station, but no specimen

from Thessaly has been seen.

A certain range of variation is apparent in the available material,

more especially in the shape of the leaflets. These are relatively long

and narrow in the specimens under Alston and Sandwith 909, and

relatively short and broad in those under Atchley 1600. The remaining

specimens are more or less intermediate in this respect. The proportion

of white to black hairs on the calyces and the extent to which they are

adpressed also show some variation. Alston and Sandwith describe

the flowers of their No. 867 as “ reddish-purple ” and of their No. 909

as “ standard mauve ; keel and wings whitish.” — W. B. Turrill.

Fiq. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, leaflet, x 4 ; 3, vexillura, x 2 ; 4, ala, x 2 ;

5, carina, x 2 ; 6, androecium, x 2 ; 7, gynoecium, x 2 ; 8, immature fruit,

natural size.

Tabula 3203.

MYRTUS COMMUNIS L. var. TARENTINA L.

Myrtaceae. Tribus Myrteae.

M. communis L. var. tarentina L. Sp. PI. 471 (1753). M. tarentina

Mill Gard. Diet. ed. 8 (1768) ; Bertol. FI. Ital. v. 120 (1842) ; Rouy

et Fouc FI. de France, vii. 155 (1901), “ une forme.” M. Borbonis

Sennen, Plantes d’Espagne, 3052 in Herb. Mus. Brit.— A planta

vulgari foliis multo angustioribus leviter crassioribus paullo magis

coriaceis differt.

Frutex ramosissimus, ramis junioribus densissime puberulis, inter-

nodiis 5-10 mm. longis. Folia opposita vel supeme praecipue plus

minusve spiralia, august© lanceolato-elliptica, acuta vel leviter apicu-

lata, 1*1-2 -4 cm. longa, 4-7 mm. lata, subcoriacea, glabra, costa

supra impressa, infra prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis ;

potiolus 0 • 5-1 • 5 mm. longus, puberulus. Flores in foliorum superiorum

axillis solitarii ; pedicelli 5-8 (raro 10) mm. longi, minute puberuli ;

bracteolae 2, pedicelli apice sitae, angustissime lineari-lanceolatae,

lineares vel fere subulatae, vix 0*75 mm. longae. Receptaculum

obconicum, 4—4-5 mm. longum, 3 mm. diametro, glabrum. Calyx

5-lobus, lobis late triangularibus obtusis 1 mm. longis 2 mm. latis

glabris ciliolatis. Petala 5-7, saepissirae late ovato-elliptica vel fere

orbicularia, 7 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata, interdum minora, ciliolata.

Stamina 8 mm. longa, antheris vix 0*75 mm. longis. Discus minutis-

sime hispidulus. Stylus 6*5 mm. longus, apice rccurvus (an semper),

ima basi leviter hispidulus. Fruetus subellipsoideus, 7-8 mm. longus,

4*5-5 mm. diametro. Semina convoluta, circiter 2 mm. diametro.

Dalmatia. Island of Lacroma, near Dubrovnik (Ragusa), 6 Aug.

1925, Turrill 1062.

Myrtus communis L. has been recognized from ancient times to be

a polymorphic species, and it is of interest that some of its variations,

including that figured here, can be traced back in literature to a period

nearly two thousand years ago.

The variety tarentina is primarily distinguished from other varieties

by the smaller and narrower leaves. All specimens examined which

have been definitely placed in this variety have also a fine thick indu¬

mentum on the young branches. This character, however, is not

limited to var. tarentina , being seen in other specimens, preserved at

2

Kew, with leaves of or approximating to the average shape and size

for the species. The pedicels are on the whole shorter and the flowers

slightly smaller than in the more usual varieties, but no constant

characters, limited to the variety, have been found in the shape of the

calyx segments or fruits, although it should be noted that little fruiting

material is available for study. Structures intermediate between

sepals and petals, and between petals and stamens, have been observed

in cultivated material. The internodes are frequently rather short,

giving the leaves a crowded appearance. There is in some specimens

a tendency for the leaves, especially in the flowering parts of the

branches, to lose their definite opposite decussate arrangement. Plants

seen by the writer in Dalmatia were somewhat smaller than most of

those of the commoner kind.

It is difficult to speak with certainty of the natural distribution of

the variety, partly because of the paucity of herbarium material and

partly because it has been widely cultivated. It occurs here and there

in the macchia on the Dalmatian coast, mixed with specimens of the

broader-leaved variety, having been found, for example, near sea-

level on the island of Lacroma, in 1925 (Turrill 1062). In Italy it is

recorded from near Taranto and from the Naples district. For Sicily,

Pojero, FI. Sicula, i. pt. 2, 225 (1891), says “ La var. tarentina la

cito solo per farsene ricerca in Sicilia, ove non dovrebbe mancare.”

Moris, FI. Sardoa, ii. 79 (1840), records the variety in Sardinia as

growing “ in aridis circa S. Rocco di Pula,” but also says “ Varietas

tarentina , in hortis cultura persistens, alienam a vulgari stirpe faciem

refert. Sed stipites ejus, in statu naturae folia ramea inferiora

identidem promunt ut in varietate vulgari , praeterea occurrunt foliis

baccisque minoribus majoribusve quibus ad typum accedent.” Rouy

and Foucaud (l.c.) record our plant from various localities in the

Bouches-du-Rhone, Aude, and Corsica. It is doubtful if the variety

occurs wild in Spain. Laguna, FI. For. Espan. 153, t. 9 (1872), says it is

cultivated at Granada and (probably) in Cataluna at S. Miguel del Fay.

In the herbarium of the British Museum (Natural History) there is" a

specimen from Cataluna (Monroig, garigues de Miramar, 1917 — iv et vii,

F. Sennen — Plantes d’Espagne 3052), under the name Myrtus Borbonis

Sennen, which is indistinguishable from M. communis var. tarentina .

The var. microphylla \V illk. et Lange, Prodr. FI. Hisp. iii. 191 (1874),

is most probably a different variety from var. tarentina . Lowe, Manual

FI. Madeira, 268 (1868), says that var. tarentina occurs frequently in

gardens. A specimen in Herb. Kew. collected in Teneriffe (in rupibus

siccis Metceca, Aug. 1845, Bourgeau 513) shows that the plant is known

from the Canaries, but probably only as an escape from cultivation.

The varietal name “tarentina” was taken over by Linnaeus (Sp. PI.

47 J : 1753) from C. Bauhin (Pinax 469: 1623), and by C. Bauhin from

Mattioli (Comment. ed.Bauh. 196: 1598). Linnaeus’s reference is simply

“y Myrtus minor vulgaris. Bauh. pin. 469.” Fortunately in Mattioli,

l.c. 195, under the title “ II. Myrtus Tarentina,” there is an excellent

figure which enables the variety to be fixed without doubt. The text

3

no

*

comments on the plant are “ Quod Dioscoridi Myrtidanum nominatur,

vulgo notissimum est, ubi scilicet myrtus frequens nascitur. Sunt

et alia veteribus Myrti genera, nobis quoque non ignota, nempe

Tarentinum, et exoticum. Tarentina a Tarento Apuliae civitate, ubi

copiosa provenit ita vocata, folio est nostrate longe minutiore, robustio-

reque : fructu minore, copiosiore, et in summitate pluribus apicibus

coronato, colore ex nigro purpurascente, minutis, crebris, albicanti-

busque intus ossiculis : floribus communi Myrto similibus.,,

This description is, in part, the same as that in Dalechamps, Hist.

Gen. 237-38 (1587)— where (on p. 237) there is also a good figure of our

plant under the name Myrtus Tarentina — and is evidently derived from

Mattioli’s Comment, ed. 1565, p. 232 (figure on p.229). This figure

is similar to, but not the same as, that in Bauhin’s edition, but is a

reproduction of that in Mattioli, New Kreiiterbuch, 81 (1563). On

p. 80 of this work the following words occur :

“ Es sindt auch noch andere geschlecht bey den alten erfunden,

nemlich bey dem Plinio lib. 15. cap. 29. der erzelet noch Myrtum

Tarentinam, und Exoticam.

Myrtus Tarentina, allso genandt von der herrlichen stadt Apuliae,

hat vil kleiner und steiffer Blotter dann der einheymische. Auch

runder und kleiner friichte, die sindt am oberteil gekronet, an der farb

schwarz purpur, haben inwendig vil weisse kleinc steinkernlen. Er

bliiet wie der gemeine Myrtenbaum.”

This reference to the name Myrtus Tarentina most certainly, as indi¬

cated by the description, locality, and figure, refers to the plant here

figured. The reference to Pliny, however, allows the variety to be traced

back to near the beginning of the Christian era (Pliny: a.d. 23-79).

Pliny’s words are : “ Sati varum genera topiarii faciunt : Tarentinam,

folio minuto : nostratem, patulo : hexasticham densissimo, senis

foliorum versibus,” ed. Harduin. i. 753 (1723). It would seem that

Pliny regarded the Tarentine myrtle as a cultivated plant. Be that as

it may, it is a matter of considerable interest that the same variety is

still in existence after nearly two thousand years. The Tarentine

myrtle was also mentioned in Mattioli, Comm. 129 (1554), and the

name may occur in other early herbals than those here quoted.

In Museum No. I at Kew, specimens of Myrtus communis are pre¬

served from ancient, especially Egyptian, tombs. Material received

from Prof, (now Sir) Flinders Petrie, from “ animal burials of Roman

age Lahun,” has hairy shoots and leaves smaller than the average for

the species, but, in the writer’s opinion the leaf shape is not that of the

var. tarentina.

The variety is said to be hardier under cultivation in the British Isles

than other varieties (see Bean, Trees and Shrubs Hardy in the British

Isles, ii. 91 : 1921).— W. B. Turrill.

Fiq. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, flower bud, x 4; 3, petal, adaxial

translucent view, x 4; 4, stamen, x 8 ; 5, gynoecium and calyx, x 4 ; o, iruit,

x 2 ; 7, seed, x 6.

*

3204

Tabula 3204.

AMARACUS AMANUS (Post) Bornm.

Labiatae. Tribus Saturejeae.

A. amanus (Post) Bornm. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, vii. 26 (1917).

Origanum amanum Post in Bull. Ilerb. Boiss. iii. 161 (1895). — Ab

A. scabro (Boiss. et Heldr.) Briq., foliis infra nervis hispidis, marginibus

hispido-ciliatis, inflorescentiis saepissime simplicibus, corolla 3*2 cm.

longa, staminibus in tubo inclusis facile distinguitur.

Planta perennis, inf erne suffruticosa. Radix lignosa. Caules

numerosi, e basi decumbente vel ascendente erecti, usque ad 1*6 dm.

longi, juniores purpurei deinde brunnei, hispidi, inferne ramosi, inter-

nodiis 0 • 7-2 cm. longis. Folia ovata, acuta vel subacuta, basi cordata,

sessilia, saepissime circiter 1*3 cm. (usque ad 1-7 cm.) longa et 1 cm.

(usque ad 1*3 cm.) lata, supra glabra vel glabrescentia, infra in nervis

hispida, utrinque glanduloso-punctata, nervis infra prominentibus

supra subprominentibus, marginibus hispido-ciliatis. Injlorescentia

simplex vel rarissirae ramosa, compacta, 1*5-2 -7 cm. longa, 1-1*7 cm.

lata ; bracteae inferiores foliis subsimiles sed minores et purpuras-

centes, llorales imbricatae, anguste ovatae vel elliptico-ovatae, acutae,

basi cuneatae vel truncatae, 0*5-1 *5 cm. longae, 2*5-9 mm. latae,

utrinque glabrae vel glabrescentes, supra glanduloso-punctatae, infra

haud vel sparse glanduloso-punctatae, membranaceae, marginibus

ciliatis, purpureae. Calyx anguste campanulatus, 9 mm. longus,

tubo 1 mm. diametro extra sparsissime setoso intus fauce leviter piloso,

labio superiore 2*5 mm. longo dentibus 3 subaequalibus triangularibus

acutis 0*5 mm. longis saepe ciliatis instructo, inferiore dentibus 2 sub¬

aequalibus triangularibus acutis 2 mm. longis saepe ciliatis praedito.

Corolla 3*2 cm. longa, tubo 2*8 cm. longo 1*5 mm. diametro hispidulo

haud glanduloso-punctato, labio superiore transverse elliptico breviter

bifido, 2 mm. diametro, labio inferiore lobis 3 subaequalibus (medio

lateralibus leviter majore) orbicularibus 0*25 cm. diametro instructo,

lobis omnibus vix crenulatis. Stamina in corollae tubo inclusa, 2 • 3 cm.

et 2*45 cm. supra basin inserta, filamentis 0*5 mm. longis. Stylus

juvenilis apice aequaliter bifidus.

Syria. Amanus : Gaiour Dagh, Aug.-Sept. 1892, Post 323 ; mont.

de Drildril, 1500-2000 m., Aug. 1911, Haradjian 3884.

2

The very striking species here figured is especially remarkable for

the elongated corolla-tube, which far exceeds in length that of any

other known species of Amaracus or of the allied genera Origanum and

Major ana. Apparently in correlation with the long corolla-tube, the

stamens have very short filaments and are included in the tube.

The affinity of A. amanus is with A. scaber (Boiss. et Heldr.) origin¬

ally described from Mt. Taygetos in the Peloponnese. Orphanides

also collected it on Mt. Malevo, Laconia. A. pulcher (Boiss. et Heldr.)

Briq., from Mt. Dirphys (Delphi) and Kandyli, Euboea, has usually

been regarded as a distinct species. A careful examination of the

material now available at Kew has, however, led to the conclusion

that it is not specifically distinct from A. scaber . The earliest name

for the species as thus accepted is Origanum scabrum Boiss. et

Heldr. removed to Amaracus by Briquet in Pflanzenfam. iv. 3A, 306

(1896). Another species showing some morphological affinity with

Amaracus amanus is A. cordifolius (Montbr. et Auch.) Benth. from

Cyprus (probably the record from Syria is incorrect). This is a much

taller plant with broader floral bracts and shorter corollas.

The plate and description have been prepared from Haradjian’s

material preserved at Kew. President Dodge, of the American

University of Beirut, kindly lent the type specimen from Post’s Her¬

barium, and there is no doubt that Haradjian s and Post s material

represent the same species. The former has the vegetative parts

slightly more hispid, the leaves and bracts less acute, the calyx-teeth

slightly broader, and the corolla-tube less hairy than in the type. One

of the three pieces of the type sheet has the bracts and calyx-teeth

exceptionally narrow, the former being almost acuminate.

A. K. Jackson.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, portion of lower surface of leaf, x 4 ; 3, flower

bud, x 2 ; 4, calyx, x 4 ; 5, upper portion of calyx opened out, x 4 ; 6, corolla

opened out, x 2 ; 7, stamen, dorsal view, x 8 ; 8, gynoecium, x 4 ; 9, ovary, x 12.

3205

Tabula 3205

CYANANTHUS WARDII Marquand.

Campanulaceae. Tribus Campanuleae.

C. Wardii Marquand in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. xlviii. 196 (1929) ;

S. macrocalyci Franch. var. piloso Marquand e provincia Yunnan

affinis, a quo foliis scssilibus ellipticis dense et longe pilosis cataphyllis

magnis subscariosis inter alia differt.

Planta perennis. Caudex raraosus cataphyllis obtusis spathulatis

submembranaceis 1-1-5 cm. longis 3-3*5 mm. latis dense vestitus.

Caules floriferi et steriles multi, graciles, adscendentes, sparse pilosi,

circiter 8 cm. longi. Folia caulina infra minuta, sursum increscentia,

oblanceolata, subobtusa, usque 11 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, subsessilia,

utrinque dense albo-pilosa. Flares solitarii, terminals, brevissime

pedicellati. Calyx extra densissime pilosus ; tubus circiter 7 mm.

longus, 6-7 mm. diametro, intus glaber ; lobi 5, 4-5 mm. longi, basi

3*5-4 mm. lati, apice subacuti, intus pilosi. Corolla caerulea,

3-4 cm. longa, usque ad tertiam partem in lobos 5 oblongos mucronu-

latos circiter 5 mm. latos divisa, fauce albido-tomentosa, extra apice

pilosa. Stamina 5, filamentis gracillimis corollae tubo dimidio brevi-

oribus ; antherae ovoideae, 3-3*5 mm. longae. Stylus glaber, corollae

tubum vix excedens. Ovarium ovoideo-oblongum, 1 cm. longum,

glabrum.

S.E. Tibet. Nambu La, 3400-3600 m., 13 Aug. 1924, Kingdon

Ward (with no. 6082).

This interesting species was found with specimens of Microula

siickimensis Hemsl. collected by Capt. F. Kingdon Ward, by whom it

was also introduced into cultivation. It is the most densely hairy

species known in this aberrant genus, which differs from all other genera

of Campanulaceae in having the ovary wholly superior, and is confined

to the interior of Asia. The rather striking habit of the plant is doubt¬

less a response to the conditions under which it grows, where, at an

altitude of 12,000 feet, it would be under deep snow in the winter and

exposed to the high winds prevalent in Tibet during the comparatively

short summer period. — C. V. B. Marquand.

Fig. 1, portion of a plant, showing the caudex with cataphylls. and the flower¬

ing stems, natural size ; 2, flower in longitudinal section, x 1*6 ; 3, stamen, seen

from without, x 3 ; 4, gynoecium, x 2.

■

J

3206

Tabula 3206.

GAULTHERIA DTJMICOLA

var. PETANONEURON Airy-Shaw.

Ericaceae. Tribus Gaultherieae.

G. dumicola W. IV. Smith in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. ix. 106

(1916), var. petanoneuron Airy-Shaw. G. dumicola auctt. Edin. in

Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. xvii. 158, 286, 360 (1930). — Varietas

nova, foliis latioribus cordatis, nervis lateral ibus a costa angulo fere

recto divergentibus margini (praecipue basali) subparallelis distincta.

Frutex 0 • 6-1 • 2 m . altus . Ramuli arcuati (teste Forrest) , subteretes,

subtiliter striati, glabri, usque 5 mm. diametro, levissime anfractuosi,

internodiis 3-5*5 cm. longis. Folia late ovata, usque 14 cm. longa et

9 cm. lata, basi cordata, acuminata, margine minute denticulata denti-

culis setula caduca terminatis apicem folii versus in dentes manifes-

tiores transeuntibus, valde coriacea, olivacea (infra pallidiora), utrinque

glabra, nervis supra impressis infra prominulis costa valida valde pro-

minente \ nervi laterales utrinque solitarii, ab ipsa basi angulo fere

recto exorti atque laminam margini fere paralleli percurrentes, a margine

circiter 5-8 mm. (raro usque 11 mm.) distantes ; nervi tertiarii inter

hos et nervum tenuem stricte marginalem plus minus crebre scalari-

formes ; nervi alii tertiarii a costa irregulariter adscendentes, saepe

furcati, inter se anastomosantes ; petioli robusti, circiter 2-4 mm.

longi, 2-3 mm. crassi, basi distincte articulati, ex area ramuli elongato-

elliptica laevi fusco-castanea orti. Inflorescentiae axillares, brevissime

racemosae vel fere fasciculares, multiflorae, glabrae ; rhachis usque

1 *8 cm. longa ; bracteae bracteolaeque parvae, deltoideo-subulatae,

0*5-1 *5 mm. longae, dorso carinatae, plus minus scariosae et fimbriatae

vel glanduloso-ciliatae ; pedicelli patuli, usque 8 mm. longi. Flores

officio feminei tantum noti. Calyx cupularis, 2-3 mm. longus et iatus,

basi in umbonem cum pedicello articulatum subito truncato-attenuatus,

glaber, lobis triangulari-ovatis acutis. Corolla calyce paullo longior

eique aequilata, late campanulata potius quam urceolata (ub in descrip-

tione originali speciei), glabra, lobis triangularibus acutis leviter recurvis.

Stamina minima, sterilia, circiter 1 mm. longa, subulata, supra

basin dilatata, minutissime puberula, antheris minutissimis ovoideis

exappendiculatis. Ovarium subglobosum, 1—2 mm. diametro, dense

2

adpresse albido-pilosum ; stylus paullo ultra 1 mm. longus, satvalidus,

stigma te incrassato subcapitato. Capsula depresso-globosa, 3-4 mm.

diametro, sparse pilosa.

China : Yunnan. Without locality, July 1917, Forrest 15785 ;

Shweli-Salwin divide, 25° 30' N., 2700-3000 m., July 1918, Forrest

17773 ; amongst scrub and rocks in side valleys on the N’Maikha-

Salwin divide, 26° N., 2400-2700 m., Nov. 1919, Forrest 18832 (type) : —

“ Shrub of 2-4 ft. Branches arched. In fruit, fruits black.”

This variety is distinguishable by its broader, very definitely cordate

leaves, the two lateral nerves of which leave the midrib at the extreme

base at an angle of 80°-90° and follow a course practically parallel to

the margin. In the type of the species the leaves are rounded-truncate

to broadly cuneate at the base (though very slightly cordate in Forrest

9568), and the nerves diverge from the midrib, generally distinctly

above the base, at an acute angle (40°-45°). Though inhabiting

much the same geographical area as the type, the variety petanoneuron

seems to favour higher altitudes : 2400-3000 m. as against 1800-2100 m.

The anthers of G. dumicola were originally described as biaristate,

but in none of the material examined, either of the typical plant or of

the variety, has any sign of appendages been observed ; indeed, in

most cases the stamens consist of the minute filament only. Func¬

tionally unisexual flowers are of course known in other species of the

genus, but in G. dumicola “ female ” flowers seem to be the rule.

H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, portion of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, bract and bracteoles, x 6 ;

3, corolla, opened out, showing abortive stamens, x 4 ; 4, abortive stamen, x 30 ;

5, gynoccium and disk, x 8; 6, capsule and persistent calyx, x 4.

Tabula 3207.

GAULTHERIA CODONANTHA Airy-Shaw.

Ericaceae. Tribus Gaultherieae.

G. codonantha Airy-Shaw ; species nova insignis, G. dumicolae

W. W. 8m. affinis, sed corolla latissime campanulata maxima, ramis

foliisque saltern subtus hispido-pubescentibus distinctissima.

Dumus magnus, statura ignota. Hamuli (partibus superioribus

tantum notis) modice graciles, subteretes, 1-2 vel vix 3 mm. diametro,

le viter anfractuosi, sparse vel dense subtiliter vel valde patulo-

ferrugineo-setosi, internodiis 2-5 cm. longis. Folia disticha, latissime

ovata usque elliptico-ovata vel lanceolata (superiora raro fere elliptica),

6 cm. longa et 2*2 cm. lata usque 18 cm. longa et 15 cm. lata, basi

leviter cordata usque truncato-rotundata (superiora raro cuneata),

apice acuminata, acuta, margine levissime revoluta brevissime dissite

abrupt© dentata, dente majore cum minore saepe alternante, dentibus

patentibus sub lente obtusis primum setula terminatis demum varie

apiculatis, chartaceo-coriacea, pagina superiore siccitate surde griseo-

viridia, setulis adpressis 1-1*5 mm. longis 1-2 mm. inter se distantibus

vestita vel ima basi tantum setularum persistente glabrescentia, pagina

inferiore colore laetiora, setulis ferrugineis suberectis quam pagina

superiore densius vestita ; nervi supra (foliorum superiorum fere

bullatim) impressi, infra prominentes et dense setulosi, rete fere ut in

G. dumicola effornmntes ; foliorum latiorum nervi laterales a basi

orti utrinque 3, duo validiores totum folium usque ad apicem per-

currentes, tertius tenuissimus, margini arete approximatus, juxta

medium evanidus ; nervi tertiarii praecipui inter costam et nervos

laterales (et inter hos) infoliis latioribus laxe scalariformes, subparalleli,

circiter 1 cm. distantes, in foliis minoribus adscendentes ; petioli

robusti, 2-6 mm. longi, plus minus dense ferrugineo-setosi. Inftores-

centiae axillares, quaque sub folio suo subcelata, brevissime racemosae

vel corymbosae, 4r-7-florae, basi bracteis paucis parvis sterilibus

mstructae ; rhachis 5-15 mm. longa, cum bracteis bracteolisque

minutissime cinereo-velutino-tomentella ; bracteae suffulcientes late

deltoideae usque ovato-triangulares, usque 8 mm. longae et 5 mm.

latae, basi incrassatae, apice breviter acute acuminatae, margine

minute ciliolatae et sparse denticulatae, dorso obtusiuscule carina tae ;

2

bracteolae binae, ima basi pedicelli affixae, suborbiculares, 3-4 mm. '

longae, 4-5 mm. latae, valde imbricatae, apice nonnunquam ut videtur

breviter irregularitcr 2-3-lobu latae, late membranaceo-marginatae,

margine ciliolato et paucidenticulato, dorso carinatae, carina in

cuspidem breviusculam terminalem excurrente ; pedicelli patuli,

robusti, usque 1-7 cm. longi, glaberrimi. Calyx sub anthesin breviter

cupularis, usque 1*3 cm. diametro (explanatus), in lobos 5 deltoideo-

ovatos 3-4 mm. longos et latos acuminatos apice minutissime cinereo-

tomentellos ceterum glabros margine submembranaceos paullo ultra

medium divisus. Corolla in genere maxima, siccitate ei Zenobiae

persimilis, alabastro ovoideo-conica, sub anthesin late campanulata

inde a basi ampliata, usque 1-8 cm. longa et lata, extra et intus glaber-

rima, alabastro (teste Ward) ochroleuca, sub anthesin saepe rubro-

vittata ; lobi late deltoidei, usque 8 mm. lati et fere aequilongi, dorso

leviter carinati, apice incrassatuli brevissime recurvo-acuminati.

Starninum filamenta subulata, $-4 mm. longa (connectivo incluso),

valde complanata, basi in dilatationem rhomboideo-orbicularem 1 mm.

latam subito expansa, sub lente minutissime tomentella ; antherae

lanceolato-oblongae, 4-5 mm. longae, basi rotundatae 1 mm. latae,

infra medium dorsifixae, siccitate laete aurantiacae, glabrae, sub lente

minute punctulatae vel areolatae, thecis superius 2 mm. inter se liberis

biaristatis aristis minute asperulis circiter 1-5 mm. longis fere angulo

recto deflexis. Ovarium depresso-globosum, 5- vel nunc 6-loculare,

circiter 2 mm. longum, 5 mm. diametro, glabrum, disco obsoleto ;

stylus columnaris, usque 9 mm. longus, stigmate truncato vix expan so ;

ovula numerosissima, angulosa, castanea, per totam placentam in

quoque loculo densissime conferta. Capsula non visa.

Assam. Camp, Chibaon, Delei valley, 28° 10' N., 96° 30' E., in

thickets on the steep slope of the hill, 1500 m., 6 Apr. 1928, F. Kingdont

Ward 8024. “ A large bushy shrub. Flowers cream in bud, banded

with red (often) when fully open ; very large.”

An investigation into the relationships of the two species of Gaul -

thena figured in this and in the preceding plate has shown the necessity

for considerable readjustments in the classification of the Asiatic

species of the genus. It is hoped to publish elsewhere a paper on this

subject. Here it may suffice to observe that the two species now

figured, together with G. notabilis Anth. from Yunnan and an un¬

described species from Sumatra, form a natural group which it is

proposed to distinguish as follows : —

Series Dumicolae Airy-Shaw , ser. nov. Pedicelli ima basi (raro

paullo supra basin) bibracteolati, bracteolis haud connatis. Folia

infra medium latiora (plus minus ovata). Flores in racemis brevibus

corymbosis dispositi. Corolla campanulata. — Typus : G. dumicola

W. W. Sm. .

It should be pointed out that none of the above characters (with

the possible exception of the inflorescence) is actually confined to

3

this group. In combination, however, they clearly delimit the four

constituent species from the remainder of the genus.

G . codonaniha is readily distinguishable from the two Yunnan species

by the very large size of the flowers. The specimens collected by Ward

show some variation in indumentum : this may be due to differences

of light-intensity in the habitat. G. notabilis Anth. differs from

G. dumicola W. W. Sm. in its dwarf habit, slender branches, sparse

ferrugineous indumentum, small leaves and few-flowered inflorescences.

H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, portion of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, upper surface of leaf, showing

indumentum, x 2 ; 3, bract and bracteoles, x 4 ; 4, corolla, opened out, natural

size ; 5, flower, with corolla removed, x 2 ; 6, anther, abaxial view, x 4 ; 7, the

same, adaxial view, x 4 ; 8, gvnoecium, x 3.

Tabula 3208.

QUEENSLANDIELLA HY ALINA ( Vahl ) Ballard.

Cyperaceae. Tribus Cypereae.

Q. hyalina ( Vahl) Ballard, comb. nov. Cyperus hyalinus Vahl,

Enum. ii. 329 (1806). C. pumilus Nees in Wight, Contrib. 74 (1834),

excl. syn., non L. Pycreus pumilus Nees in Linnaea, ix. 283 (1834),

quoad specim., excl. syn. Queenslandiella mira Domin in Bibl. Bot.

lxxxv. 416 (1915). Pycreus hyalinus Domin, l.c. 417 (1915). Maris-

copsis suaveolens Cherm. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat., Par. xxv. 60 (1919).

M. hyalinus Ballard in Kew Bull. 1932, 457. — Species generis unica.

Planta annua, siccitate Trigonellam Foenum-graecum intense olens.

Culmi caespitosi, erecti vel suberecti, usque 40 cm. alti, basi bulbosi!

triquetri, striati, glabri. Folia numerosa, basalia, culmum fere

aequantia, usque 6 mm. lata, flaccida, glabra, marginibus et costis

plus minusve scabra. Bracteae involucrales 4r-6, valde inaequales,

usque 20 cm. longae, foliis similes, suberectae vel patulae. Anthela

simplex, 4-8-radiata ; radii paullum inaequales, patuli, usque 12 cm.

long1, graciles. Spicae 8-18 mm. longae, 7-17 mm. latae, 8-15-spicu-

latae. Spiculae valde laxae, patulae, ovatae vel ovato-ellipticae,

valde compressae, 4-9 mm. longae, 1 '5-2-5 mm. latae, 3-9-florae;

rhachilla late alata, supra squamas steriles articulata. Squamae

steriles 2, usque 1-5 mm. longae, persistentes. Squamae fertUes imbri-

catae, 2 -5-3 -5 mm. longae, ambitu lanceolato-ovatae vel late ovatae,

valde carinatae, lateribus laete luteis vel luteo-viridibus, prominenter

3 4-nervatis, marginibus scariosis. Stamina 2; antherae acutae.

Stylus profunde bifidus, ramis elongatis exsertis. Nux dimidium

squamae aequans vel paullo superans, asymmetrica, suborbicularis

vel rotundo-quadrata, apice rotundato-truncata et leviter eraarginata,

compre8sa, biconvexa, angulis obtusis, dense et subtiiiter punctulata,

brunnea.

India. Bombay Presidency : Bombay, Sion suburb, Woodrow (fide

Clarke) ; without locality, Leith 25 ; T. Cooke 25 (fide Clarke). Madras

Presidency : Chingleput District, Nungambakam, Jan. 1900, ex Herb.

Madras ; Coimbatore District, Satiamangalam, March 1902, A. W.

Lushirujton ; Palni Hills, Shembaganur, 1800 m., L. Anglade 1097B.

2

Laccadive Islands, Prain (fide Clarke). Without precise locality,

Wight 1808, 2864 pro parte ; Herb. Rottler ; Wallich 3336c, pro parte.,

Ceylon. Anuradhapura, Dec. 1881, Trimen.

Mascarene Islands. Mauritius : near Mare Samson, growing in

sand by track leading to Pt. aux Sables, sea level, April 1926, R. E-

Vaughan B. 46 ; and June 1930, R. E. Vaughan B. 46a. Madagascar :

damp meadows to the north of the Island, Bernier 33 (fide Clarke et

Chermezon).

Tropical Africa. Zanzibar, Last , Botvin (fide Chermezon) A

Mozambique: sandy flat, April 1921, Dummer 4639; 0. Kuntze 303

(fide Clarke) ; Prelado 5 (fide Clarke). Tanganyika Territory: Dar-i

es-Salaam, Holst 300 (fide Clarke).

Malay Islands. Dutch Borneo, Motley (fide Merrill). Java: in I

the flat country around Batavia, Backer (fide Koorders). Timor:!

Coepang, 1803, R. Brown; Soe, 1929, M. E. Walsh 168a; without]

locality, Forbes (fide Clarke ).

Australia. North Queensland : Chillagoe, short grassy track on]

chalk, Feb. 1910, Domin (fide Domin).

Under the name Mariscopsis hyalinus the present plant formed the I

subject of an article by the writer in Kew Bull. 1932, 456. At that]

time, however, Domin’s genus Queenslandiella had not been studied!

nor, indeed, could it have been surmised that a new genus of Australian]

Cyperaceae was identical with a long-established Indian species.]

Unfortunately, it has not been found possible to obtain on loan the type]

of Queenslandiella mira from Dr. Domin’s herbarium at Prague, and]

no authenticated specimen of Queenslandiella exists in the Kew Her-1

barium. There can, however, be no doubt, from the drawing repro-l

duced in Bibliotheca Botanica and the very full description thereinj

that Domin’s plant is identical with Mariscopsis hyalinus.

The extension of the distribution of Queenslandiella to North Queens']

land is not surprising since it had already been recorded from Timor,

while distributions similar to that of Queenslandiella are already known

for certain grasses. Mr. C. E. Hubbard, who collected in Queensland 1

during 1930-1931, found that in the neighbourhood of Chillagoe, the |

type locality of Queenslandiella , many species of grasses occur, of which

the following have the same distribution as Queenslandiella : Alloter I

op sis cimicina (Retz.) Stapf (Axonopus Maidenianus Domin) ; ErCr

grostis pilosa Beauv. ; Imperata cylindrica Beauv. var. Koenigii Dur* |

& Schinz ; Eriochloa procera (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard. Of these*

Eragrostis pilosa has been introduced to Chillagoe, but the others are

probably native. f

The introduction of an annual weed such as Queenslandiella is easily

understandable when it is remembered that Chillagoe is a mining district |

where great quantities of materials of all kinds must have been imported

in the past. C. E. Hubbard, when he visited the area twenty ye***

after Domin’s discovery, was unable to find a single plant, although

he made a special search for it.

3

The systematic position of the genus has been discussed in Kew

Bull. 1932, 457. There seems little doubt that it comes nearest to

Kyllinga , which agrees in possessing a biconvex nut and a spikelet

which disarticulates in one piece at maturity.

In accordance with the rule of priority, the genus must bear the name

Queenslandiella in place of Mariscopsis Chermezon. This is somewhat

unfortunate, since the plant is undoubtedly Indian in origin.

As mentioned in the previous paper, the plant possesses the strong

and characteristic odour of Trigonella Foenum-graecum. The same

smell occurs also in Cyperus aristatus Rottb., another annual member

of the Cyperaceae found in India. — F. Ballard.

Fig. 1, entire plant, x 0*5; 2, a flowering culm, natural size ; 3, portion of

rhachis with persistent sterile squamae, x 10 ; 4, young floret, lateral view, x 6 ;

5, flower, x 10 ; 6, mature disarticulated spikelet, lateral view, x 6; 7, the same*,

abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, empty fertile squama showing inner surface, x 6 ;

9a and b, ripe nut, lateral and median views, x 10 ; 9c, transverse section, x 10.

32 09

Tabula 3209.

CLEISTOCHLOA SUBJUNCEA C. E . Hubbard .

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

Cleistochloa C. E. Hubbard. Genus novum Entolasiae Stapf affine,

sed spiculis cleistogamis in axillis vaginarum plurimarum et spiculis

chasmogamis in rhachi racemi simplicis ortis, gluma superiore emar-

ginata vel truncata vel obtusa, lemmate superiore fere glabro divergens.

Spiculae dimorphae, chasmogamae in rbachi gracili subtriquetra

vel leviter compressa racemi spiciformis simplicis terminalis, cleisto-

gamae abunde in axillis vaginarum ortae, omnes dorso compressae,

muticae, demum totae a pedicellis persistentibus disarticulatae.

Anthoecia duo : inferum ad lemma redactum ; superum Spiculae

cbasmogamae brevissime pedicellatae, alternae, distichae, adaxiales.

Glumae valde inaequales ; inferior minuta, lata, membranacea, enervis ;

superior spiculae aequilonga vel paullo brevior, 5-7-nervis, nervis

parallelis, firme membranacea. Anthoedum inferum : lemma spiculae

aequilongum vel paullo brevius, 7-nerve, firme membranaceum.

Anthoedum superum : lemma spiculae aequilongum vel paullo brevius,

5-7 -nerve, tenuiter coriaceum, papillosum, apice et plerumque margini-

bus tenuibus planis ciliolatum ; palea lemmati aequilonga, 2-nervis.

Lodiculae duao. Stamina tria. Ovarium glabrum ; styli distincti ;

stigmata plumosa, supra medium anthoecii exserta. Caryopsis ignota.

Spiculae deistogamae solitariae, breviter pedicellatae, abaxiales, fere

glabrae. Glumae valde inaequales ; inferior ad marginem latam

brevissimam tenuem enervem redacta ; superior spicula paullo brevior,

conspicue 4-7-nervis, nervis parallelis, firme membranacea vel tenuiter

coriacea. Anthoedum inferum : lemma spiculae subaequilongum et

figura simile, incrassatum, obscure 5-nerve, apice breviter rostellatum

et depressum, dorso primum convexum, siccitate dorso cicatriciformi,

cartilagineum, obtuse bicarinatum, inter carinas depressum et medio

leviter convexum vel inter nervum medium plerumque prominentem

et carinas depressum, marginibus arete inflexis. Anthoedum superum :

lemma spiculae aequilongum, obscure 5— 9-nerve, tenuiter coriaceum,

papillosum, apice et plerumque marginibus tenuibus planis ciliolatum ;

palea lemmati subacquilonga, 2-nervis, tenuiter coriacea. Lodiculae

duae. Antherae minutae. Caryopsis ovoidea, dorso compressa, inter

2

lemma et paleam arete inclusa, scutellum circiter tertiam partem

caryopsis aequans ; hilum basale. — Gramina perennia ramosissima ;

innovationes plerumque intravaginales ; culmi rigidi et duri, gracillimi ;

laminae breves, rigidae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum redactae ; racemi

laxe pauci-spiculati, erecti.

Species duae, Queenslandiae incolae. Typus: C. subjuncea C. E.

Hubbard.

Spiculae chasmogamae fere glabrae ; gluma superior et lemma inferius

emarginata vel truncata . 1 . C. subjuncea.

Spiculae chasmogamae dense et breviter pubescentes ; gluma superior

et lemma inferius obtusa . 2. C. Scleraehne .

1. Cleistochloa subjuncea C. E. Hubbard , nora. nov. (t. 3209).

Panicum subjunceum Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 314, fig. 70

(1915), non Ekman (1911). Entolasia subjuncea C. E. Hubbard in

Journ. Ecol. xxi. 223 (1933), nomen tantum.

Culmi 30-60 cm. alti, basi cataphyllis coriaceis glabris vel minute

hirsutis obtecti, laxe vel dense caespitosi, erecti vel plerumque geniculati,

teretes, multinodes, e nodis plurimis ramosi, ramis solitariis vel fasci-

culatis erectis vel plerumque patentibus, virides, striati, pilis rigidis

brevibus ascendcntibus e tuberculis ortis dense vel laxe hispidi vel

glabri, scaberuli vel raro fere laeves. Foliorum vaginae internodiis

plerumque multo breviores, 0*5-3 -5 cm. longae, teretes, striatae,

primum virides et arete appressae, demum stramineae laxae et culmos

detegentes, pilis albis ascendentibus vel patentibus saepe e tuberculis

ortis laxe vel dense hirsutae vel glabrae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum

brevium redactae ; laminae lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, in apicein

obtusum subcallosum attenuatae, 1-5 cm. longae, 1-2*8 mm. latae,

planae vel plerumque convolutae, demum e vagina disarticulantes,

virides, pilis rigidis brevibus e tuberculis ortis laxe hispidae, nonnun-

quam subtus puberulae vel glabrescentes, inarginibus scaberulis car-

tilagineis. Racemi graciles, stricti, 0*7-2 *5 cm. longi, 2-6-spiculati,

virides; rhachis subtriquetra, scaberula ; pedicelli 0*25-0*5 mm.

longi, puberuli, apice subdiscoidei. Spiculae chasmogamae erectae,

laxae, lanceolato- vel anguste elliptico-oblongae vel oblongae, sub-

acutae vel obtusae, 3 *5-4 *5 mm. longae, fere glabrae. Gluma inferior

oblata, emarginata vel truncata, 0*3-0 *7 mm. longa ; gluma superior

(explanata) oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, emarginata vel truncata,

3-3*8 mm. longa, 5-nervis, asperula, apice ciliolata. Anthoeciuifl

inferum ; lemma (explanatum) ellipticum vel elliptico-oblonguni,

emarginatum, 3*5-4 mm. longum, asperulum, apice et plerumque

marginibus apicem versus ciliolatum. Anthoecium superum ellipticum,

subacuminatum, apice obtusum : lemma spiculae aequilongum, late

ellipticum (explanatum), obtusum, 5-7-nerve ; palea elliptico-lanceo-

lata, subacuminata, apice et plerumque marginibus ciliolata. Anther**

lineares, circiter 2*5 mm. longae. Spiculae cleistogamae ovatae.

3

oblongae, vel elliptico-oblongae, obtusae, plerumque apiculatae, 4-6 mm.

longae ; pedicelli 1*5-2 mm. longi, puberuli, apice discoidei. Gluma

inferior usque ad 0*3 mm. longa ; gluma superior (explanata) oblonga

vel ovato-oblonga, truncata, 3-4*5 mm. longa, 4^6-nervis, apice glabra

vel ciliolata. Anthoecium inferum : lemma dorso inter Carinas primum

fiavido-fuscum, demum atrofuscum. Anthoedum superum anguste

ellipticum vel lanceolato-ellipticum, subacuminatum, apice obtusum :

lemma 5-7-nerve, marginibus ciliolatum ; palea supra medium margini-

bus ciliolata. Antherae 0 • 5-1 mm. longae. Caryopsis circiter 2 • 8 mm.

longa.

Queensland. North Kennedy District : near Gregory Springs

Station, abundant on sandstone slopes of the Great Dividing Range,

in open Eucalyptus forest, Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7702 ; on

sandy slopes of the Great Dividing Range near Pentland, Feb. 1910,

Domin (type) ; Warrigal, on Great Dividing Range, 420-450 m., in

Acacia forest, on rocky conglomerate slopes, very common, Feb. 1931,

Hubbard and Winders 7128. Burke District : Mt. Sturgeon Station,

north of Hughenden, on quartzite hill slopes, in Eucalyptus forest,

Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7746. Mitchell District: east of

Jericho, on Great Dividing Range, 410 m., abundant in Acacia forest,

on hard brown sandy soil, Feb. 1931, Hubbard 7853. Leichhardt

District : Bluff, on rocky hill in Eucalyptus forest, 210 m., Feb. 1931,

Hubbard 7991. Burnett District: Mundubbera, 1930, Bloxsome 94.

Darling Downs District : near Gurulmundi, on Great Dividing Range,

on stony soil in open Eucalyptus forest, 360 m., Nov. 1930, Hubbard

5058. Moreton District: Blackheath, near Ipswich, April 1908,

White ; near Moggill, on stony sandstone hills, 180 m., in open Eucalyptus

forest, Nov. 1930, Hubbard 4904; April 1931, White 7598, Hubbard

8108.

2. Cleistochloa Sclerachne (F. M. Bailey) C. E. Hubbard , comb. nov.

Chionachne Sclerachne F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Dept. Agric. Bull. no. 7

(Bot. Bull. no. 2), 21 (1891). Polytoca Sclerachne F. M. Bailey, Queensl.

FI. vi. 1849 (1902) ; Compr. Cat. Queensl. PI. 616 (1913). Panicum

marginatum var. strictum F. M. Bailey in Queensl. Agric. Journ.

xxvii. 69 (1911), non Benth.

Culmi usque ad 70 cm. alti, basi cataphyllis coriaceis brevibus glabris

vel plus minusve pubescentibus obtecti, erecti vel geniculati, teretes,

multinodes, multiramosi, virides, glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae

lntcrnodiis multo breviores, 1-4 cm. longae, demum laxae et culmos

detegentes, teretes, latae, striatae, glabrae laevesque vel pilis patentibus

e tuberculis ortis laxe hirsutae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum minutorum

redactae ; laminae lineares, in apicem callosum attenuatae, 1 • 5-9 • 5 cm.

longae, 1-4 • 5 mm. latae, planae vel convolutae, e vaginis disarticulantes,

obscure puberulao vel glabrae, laeves vel marginibus cartilagineis

plerumque minute scaberulae. Racemi graciles, stricti, 1-2*5 cm.

4

longi, 3-6-spiculati ; rhachis leviter compressa, scaberula ; pcdicelli

usque ad 0*3 ram. longi, minute puberuli. Spiculae chasmogamae

anguste elliptico-oblongae, obtusae, 4-4*5 mm. longae, pubescentes.

Gluma inferior ovata vel ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 1-2 mm. longa ;

gluma superior (explanata) ovato-elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa,

spiculae aequilonga, minute tuberculata, dense et bre viter pubescens,

5-7-nervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma glumae superiori simile sed

ellipticum et 7-nerve. Anthoecium superum oblongum vel ellipticum,

acuminatum : lemma (explanatum) late ellipticum, 3*5 mm. longum,

marginibus ciliolatis ; palea anguste elliptica, supra medium marginibus

ciliolata. Spiculae cleistogamae ovato-oblongae vel oblongae, 5-7 mm.

longae ; pedicelli usque ad 1*5 mm. longi. Gluma inferior 0*3 mm.

longa ; gluma superior (explanata) ovato-oblonga, obtusa, 5-6 mm.

longa, 5-7-nervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma demum stramineum.

Anthoecium superum ellipticum, acuminatum : lemma 5-9-nerve, apice

ciliolatum. Antherae 1 mm. longae.

Queensland. Cook District : Badu Island, May 1911, Bick 96 ;

Lloyd Bay, April 1886, Gulliver (type).

There is no doubt that Cleistochloa is most closely allied to Entolasia

Stapf, a genus originally described from tropical Africa and to which

Miss D. K. Hughes added two Australian species, E. marginata (R. Br.)

Hughes and E . slricta (R. Br.) Hughes. Some Australian species of

Entolasia are very similar in habit to Cleistochloa suhjuncea , and in

southern localities are found growing with it. No cleistogamous

spikelets, however, have been found by me in any species of

Entolasia.

Cleistochloa suhjuncea probably occurs throughout the greater part

of the Dividing Range, the adjacent ranges and their offshoots in

Queensland. It is usually abundant in dry localities amongst sand¬

stone or similar rocks and stones on the upper slopes or summits. In

such situations the vegetation is open Eucalyptus forest with an under¬

growth of scattered shrubs and isolated tufts of xeromorphic species

of Entolasia , Aristida , Eragrostis , Eriachne , etc. It is well adapted to

withstand the periods of drought which occur in the area of its dis¬

tribution. The thick wiry roots, which penetrate deeply into the soil

or rock-crevices, are covered with a layer of dense root-hairs ; these

together with adhering particles of sand provide a protective sheath.

The small leaf-blades readily disarticulate from the sheaths, and their

work is apparently carried on by the dark green culms. Individual

plants present a characteristic bushy appearance due to the much'

branched rigid wiry culms.

The cleistogamous spikelets are abundantly produced in the axils

of almost all the leaf-sheaths, and at maturity largo numbers may be

seen on the ground beneath the plants. They are not, however,

usually developed in the axil of the terminal leaf-sheath immediately

below the inflorescence, but a rudimentary pedicel has been found

5

there in the specimens examined. In the type specimen of Panicum

subjunceum, kindly lent by Dr. Domin for examination, the cleisto-

gamous spikelets have already fallen, but their pedicels are visible.

Several special features are found in the cleistogamous spikelet. The

lower gluma is reduced to an obscure rim at the base of the spikelet

The sterile lemma in the fresh condition is rather thick with a smooth

convex back. At maturity it hardens, the soft tissues become depressed

leaving a more or less prominent midrib, two keels and an apical dorsal

projection. A scar-like dorsal surface is thus produced which changes

in colour from yellow to brown on maturity. This indurated sterile

lemma closely embraces the fertile floret and serves to protect the grain

In the mature fertile floret the minute anthers are found entangled

with the stigmatic hairs at the apex of the caryopsis, the whole being

enclosed by the lemma and palea. As the cleistogamous spikelet

develops it pushes out the leaf-sheath and causes the culm to assume

a slightly bowed appearance, thus permitting the spikelet to fall to the

ground at maturity.

In Cleistochloa subjuncea the cleistogamous spikelets are probably

produced more or less continuously (except under very unfavourable

conditions), and form the normal method of reproduction When *

however, there is a sufficient supply of water such as is received durins

the summer rains, then the chasmogamous terminal inflorescences are

freely formed. In the chasmogamous spikelets examined no grains

have been found, but it is very probable that they may be produced

as a well-developed ovary is present. P ’

Cleistochloa Sclerachne was originally described as a species of

Chionachne by F. M. Bailey from material collected by Gulliver at

Lloyd Bay. The type specimen in the Brisbane Herbarium consists

oi a tew small pieces of culm and some cleistogamous spikelets This

material proved insufficient to give Bailey a clear idea of the species

Later he transferred it to the genus Polytoca. Both Chionachne and

lolytoca belong to the tribe Maydeae and are readily distinguished by

their unisexual spikelets of quite a different structure. Still later

Bailey referred complete plants of this species collected by Bick on

■uadu Island to Panicum marginatum var. slrictum Benth. (= Enlolasia

I ric.[a Hu8^es), failing to connect them with his Chionachne Sclerachne.

n lek s specimens both chasmogamous and cleistogamous spikelets

are represented, the latter agreeing with those from Gulliver’s plant.

e .amended description given above is mainly drawn up from Bick’s

specimens. According to Bailey (Compr. Cat. Queensl. PI. 616), this

species is a troublesome spear grass at Somerset, Cape York, but

iere are no specimens from this locality in the Brisbane Herbarium.

‘ 1 *n Meded* Riiks Herb., Leiden, No. 67, 17 (1931), has

ic entitled with Chionachne Sclerachne Bailey a specimen collected at

oturts Creek in North-West Australia by Mueller. This, however,

represents a new species of Chionachne.

In describing certain American cleistogamous grasses, Mrs. Chase

states that most of the species so far found are plants of arid regions

6

or of dry places in humid regions. This is the case with all the cleisto-

gamous grasses which have been observed in Australia. A somewhat

similar type of cleistogamous spikelet to that described above is pro¬

duced in the axils of the leaf -sheaths of Microlaena polynoda Hook, f .

C. E. Hubbard.

Addendum.

The following additional material of Cleistochloa subjuncea was

received from Mr. C. T. White after the preceding text was in type

Mitchell District : Torrens Creek ; on rocky sandstone hills, March

1933, White 8749, 8754. These specimens show slight differences in

the size and shapes of various parts, of which details are given here

to supplement the specific description : — Foliorum laminae usque ad

7 cm. longae et 3*5 mm. latae. Racemi usque ad 5 cm. longi. Spiculae

chasmogamae 3-4-5 mm. longae, gluma inferiore nonnumquam nulla

vel minutissima. Spiculae cleistogarnae late oblongo-ellipticae, usque

ad 7 mm. longae et 3-8 mm. latae. — C. E. H.

Cleistochloa subjuncea.

Fio. 1, an entire plant, showing habit, x 2, portion of plant, the minute

pilosity omitted, natural size ; 3, terminal raceme, x 3 ; 4, leaf and portion of

culm, showing cleistogamous spikelet in situ, x 3 ; 5, chasmogamous spikelet,

ventral view, x 8 ; 6, chasmogamous spikelet, dorsal view, x 8 ; 7-14, details

of chasmogamous spikelet: — 7, lower glume, x 8 ; 8, upper glume, x 8 ; 9, lower

lemma, x 8; 10, upper lemma, x 8; 11, upper lemma (flattened), x 8; 12, palea,

x 8 ; 13, flower, x 8 ; 14, diagram of chasmogamous spikelet ; 15, cloistoga-

mous spikelet, dorsal view, x 8; 16, cleistogamous spikelet, ventral view, x 8 ;

17, cleistogamous spikelet, lateral view, x 8 ; 18-24, details of cleistogamous

spikelet : — 18, lower glume, x 8 ,- 19, upper glume, x 8 ; 20, transverse section

of sterile lemma in fresh condition, x 8 ; 21, upper floret, x 8 ; 22, flower, x 8 ;

23, caryopsis, x 15 ; 24, diagram of cleistogamous spikelet enclosed by leaf-

sheath.

_

3210

Tabula 3210.

CALYPTOCHLOA GRACILLIMA C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Paniceae.

Calyptochloa C. E. Hubbard. Genus novum e tribu Panicearum ,

ceterum sedis dubiae ; distinguitur spiculis dimorphis, aliis adaxialibus

in rhachi racemi spiciformis solitarii, aliis solitariis in axillis vaginarum

superiorum, gluma inferiore minutissima vel nulla, anthoecio infero

ad lemma redacto, lemmate anthoecii inferi cuspidato vel breviter

aristato demum tenuiter coriaceo marginibus planis.

Spieulae dimorphae, chasmogamae vel cleistogamae in rhachi

gracillima subangulata racemi spiciformis simplicis terminalis et

cleistogamae singulae plerumque in axillis vaginarum superiorum ortae

Anthoecia duo : inferum ad lemma redactum ; superum Spieulae

racemorum solitariae, brevissime pedicellatae, adaxiales, demum totae

a pedicellis persistentibus disarticulatae, ovatae vel ovato-ellipticae

demum hiantes, cuspidatae vel breviter aristatae. Glumae valde

inaequales ; inferior brevissima, hyalina, minute pilosa; superior

(explanata) late ovata vel late elliptica, obtusa, spieulae subaequilonga,

apice tenui excepto firme herbaceo-membranacea, 7-nervis, infra

medium pilis albis appressis vel paullo patentibus e tuberculis ortis

dense pilosa. Anthoecimn inferum : lemma glumae superiori simile

sed (explanatum) ovato-oblongum et 5-6-nerve. Anthoecium superum

anguste ellipticum : lemma (explanatum) oblongo- vel ovato-ellipticum,

apice cuspidatum vel breviter aristatum, spieulae aequilongum, demum

tenuiter coriaceum, 5-nerve, glabrum ; palea elliptica, marginibus

m cxis acuta, lemmate paullo brevior, demum tenuiter coriacea,

nervis , lodiculae minutae ; stamina tria ; antherae parvae ; ovarium

g abrum ; styli distincti, breves, terminales ; stigmata plumosa ;

caryopsis anguste subovoidea vel ellipsoidea. Spieulae axillares sub-

p?fS1 • j8 80^tariae in vagina folii arete inclusae, adaxiales, lanceolatae,

spi a ae vel breviter aristatae, fere glabrae. Gluma inferior nulla ;

8 Perior oblata vel lanceolata, obtusa vel emarginata, minutissima vel

usque ad medium spieulae attinens, raro deficiens, hyalina vel mem-

oranacea, enervis vel raro uninervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma

anguste oblongum vel lanceolato-oblongum, obtusum vel truncatum,

spicula paullo brevius, dorso complanatum vel bicarinatum et inter

2

Carinas subsulcatum, chartaceum, 3-5-nerve. Anthoecium superum

lanceolatum : lemma lanceolatum, apice cuspidatum vel breviter

aristatum, spiculae aequilongum, tenuiter coriaceum, 5-nerve,

marginibus planis ; palea oblongo-elliptica, acuta, lemmate paullo

brevior, bicarinata et inter Carinas sulcata, 4— 6-nervis, nervis lateralibus

anastomosantibus, tenuiter coriacea ; lodiculae nullae ; stamina tria ;

antherae minutae, inter plumas stigmaticas implicatae ; caryopsis

subovoidea, leviter lateraliter compressa, facie paullo sulcata, inter

lemma et paleam arete inclusa, hilo basali, scutello circiter tertiam

partem caryopsis aequante. — Gramen perenne, ramosum, gracillimum,

humile ; culmi multinodes, infra nodos superiores tandem plerumque

disarticulantes ; foliorum vaginae infeme dilatatae et incrassatae ;

ligulae ad seriem ciliorum brevissimorum redactae ; laminae lanceo-

latae vel lineari-lanceolatae, planae, demum disarticulantes ; racemi

solitarii, graciles, laxe pauci-spiculati ; spiculae parvae.

Species unica, Queenslandiae incola.

C. gracillima 0. E. Hubbard , species nova.

Culmi e basi prostrata geniculato-ascendentes, e nodis inferioribus

radicantes, usque ad 30 cm. longi, gracillimi vel filiformes, teretes, 1

rigidiusculi, flexuosi, laxe ramosi, ramis solitariis vel fasciculatis, j

internodiis usque ad 4 cm. longis, tenuiter striati, minute scaberuli, I

pilis mollibus appressis vel patentibus laxe vel dense pilosi vel j

glabrescentes. Foliorum vaginae demum internodiis breviores, arete j

appressae, 0*7-1 *6 cm. longae, striatae, inter costas pilis rigidiusculi^

vel mollibus e tuberculis ortis hirsutae, marginibus molliter ciliatis,

inferiores teretes, superiores inferne durae et flavescentes, superne

attenuatae tenuiores et glauco-virides ; laminae basi abrupte contracts*

vel subrotundatae, apice subobtusae vel acutae, 1*5— 3*5 cm. longae

2- 4*5 mm. latae, firmae, glaucae, prominenter nervatae, pilis brevibu*

rigidiusculis e tuberculis ortis laxe vel dense hirsutae vel glabrescentes,

marginibus cartilagineis minute scaberulis. Racemi 1—1*5 cm. long*!

5-7-spiculati, albido-virides, e vagina summa breviter exserti vel ba*j

inclusi ; rhachis flexuosa, scaberula ; pedicelli 0*2-0 *3 mm. long1*

Spiculae racemorum 3-3 • 5 mm. longae. Gluma inferior circiter 0 • 2 ra&\

longa ; gluma superior 3 mm. longa. Lemma anthoecii sujtf*

3- 3*5 mm. longum, cuspide vel arista usque ad 2 mm. longa strict*

vel flexuosa scaberula ; palea circiter 2*5 mm. longa ; antherae

1 mm. longae ; caryopsis 1*6-1 *8 mm. longa, pallide fusca. Spicule

axillares 4-5*5 mm. longae. Gluma superior 0*5-1 *5 (raro 2*8) &&

longa. Lemma anthoecii inferi 4-5 mm. longum, basi earmark

minutissime pilosa. Lemma anthoecii superi 4-5*5 mm. long1*10*

cuspide vel arista stricta scaberula usque ad 2 mm. longa ; anther*

usque ad 0*3 mm. longae ; caryopsis 3-3*5 mm. longa.

Queensland. Burnett District : Mundubbera, April 1931, Bfa&m

9 (type). Darling Downs District: Chinchilla, in patches una

Wilga ( Gcijera jyarvijlora) trees, June 1931, Beasley 168A, 169.

3

The precise position of this genus in the Paniceae is somewhat

doubtful. The flattened margins of the upper lemma recall the genera

grouped around Digitaria Hall. Of these the only genus with which

it shows affinity is Alloteropsis Presl ; this also occurs in Australia.

Calyptochloa differs from Alloteropsis in having solitary racemes, a

minute nerveless lower glume, a 7-nerved eciliate upper glume and

a barren lower floret which is reduced to the lemma.

The spikelets of the terminal inflorescence are apparently either

chasmogamous or cleistogamous. Unfortunately the material is in¬

sufficient to warrant an extensive examination of several spikelets at

different stages of development. In the spikelets, however, which

have been dissected, the anthers vary in size from 0-5 to 1 mm * Those

spikelets with shorter anthers were definitely cleistogamous as the

latter were enclosed in the mature floret and entangled among the

hairs of the stigmas at the apex of the caryopsis. The lower glume of

the terminal spikelets is a very minute hyaline rim hidden by hairs

and at first examination is easily overlooked. J

The axillary cleistogamous spikelets are tightly embraced by the

leaf-sheaths. Their external structure is rather different from that

of the terminal spikelets. The lower glume is suppressed whilst thl

upper is small but somewhat variable in size. The lower lemma is

dorsally flattened or two-keeled, no doubt owing to pressure from the

culm, otherwise it is somewhat similar to the lower lemma „(.* • ,

?p“t, -rwet

indurated and thickened downwards. The dispersal of the grain is

effected by the joints of the culm disarticulating at the base of oach

leaf-sheath. Mrs. Chase has noted that in species of Triplasis which

have axillary cleistogamous spikelets (“ cleistogenes ”/ the culms

readily disarticulate at the lower nodes.— C. E. Hubbard.

f 1 ’ nalur<l\ ; 2, spikelet from terminal inflorescence ; 3-9a details

of that spikelet 3, lower glume ; 4, upper glume ; 5, lower lemma 6 „

floret; 7, upper lemma (flattened) ; 8, palea (opened out) ; 9, flower • 9a ’ inmm-

termhmnnfl 8 W‘th shnV1e led anthfr8.at its aP« ! 10, diagram of spikelet from

IXw *?®ore*°fnoe ; ■1,1’,a Slngle lcafl with it8 9heath enclosing an axillary

Jlnm aX‘ary 8Plkelet : l3_18> details of axillary spikelet:— 13, upper

glume; 14, lower lemma ; 15, upper lemma (flattened) ; 16, palea ; 17, caryopsis ;

sheath118 jrS° T7'°n <>f cary°Psis 1 19. diagram of axillary spikelet enclosed by

32 U

Tabula 3211.

HABENARIA LONGIROSTRIS Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

H. longirostris Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, 192 ; species

valdo insignis, perianthii segmentis angustis elongatis linearibus vel

lanceolatis acuininatis, petalis longiuscule ciliatis, rostelli lobo inter-

medio elongato truncato apice leviter 3-dentato supra antheram valde

eminente, stigmatibus pro rata brevibus distinctissima.

Herba terrestris, usque 75 cm. alta. Folia 4-9, 2-3 infima ad vaginas

rcdacta, intermedia lanceolato-ovata usque late ovata acuta" vel

subacuminata, basi vaginantia, usque 16 cm. longa et 5 (rarius 8) cm

la U, versus inflorescentiam subito decrescentia, suprema bracteis

similia. Racemus cylmdncus, subdense vel dense multiflorus

lTgUS’ Culter 6 Cm' diametr°; bracteae late lanceolatae

Si l ’ ValdC a,cummatae> 15-3-5 cm. longae, ovarium

pedicellatum aequantes vel superantes. Flores adseendentes vel erecto-

patentes, magm petalis et sepalo intermedio albidis exceptis virides

t l SePaluw intermedium lanceolatum, acutum, concavum!

12-18 mm longum, 2-5-3 mm. latum, trinervium ; sepala lateralia

oblique falcatim lanceolata, basi margine antico rotundato dilatata

acuminata 16-20 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata. Petala supra trientem

mhmum biloba, dimidio infenore cum sepalo intermedio conglutinata,

marginibus praesertim superne dense longiuscule ciliata, in toto 13-

T8*’ ba^1w1*25"2 mm- lata; lobi lineares, acuti, posterior

mni. ongus, 0 • 75 mm. latus, anterior 7-10 mm. longus, posteriore

angustior. Labellum ex parte basali 4-5 mm. longa et 2 mm. lata

ripa ltum, partitionibus anguste linearibus acutis plus minusve

incurvatis, intermedia 17-23 mm. longa, lateralibus 15-18 mm. longis ;

lo™ ba81 .ten_ue’ superne modice ampliatum, subacutum, 15-20 mm.

ie rtn m i-?^era erpcta, 2-5-3 mm. alta, apice retusa apiculo inter-

1 .Us ^racilibus leviter incurvatis 2-5-3 mm. longis, stami-

s o j ongis brevibus circiter 0-7 mm. longis. Brachia stigmatifera

c ssiuscula, apice incrassata, 3-4 mm. longa ; rostelli lobus intermedius

asi triangularis, superne anguste oblongus, apice truncatus leviter

o-(lentatus, 4-5 mm. longus, antheram valde superans, dense papillatus.

Uvanum 10-16 mm. longum, saepius curvatum.

2

Northern Nigeria. Naraguta, July 1921, Lely 462 (type) ; Vom,

Bauchi Plateau, 900-1350 m., Dent Young ; Plains, August 1930,

Lely P630 ; without locality, August 1912, Nelson 13.

Uganda. Serere Teso, in cleared land among grass, 1080 m., July

1932, Chandler 819. '

Habenaria longirostris seems to occupy a somewhat isolated position

among the African representatives of the genus. The only species

which appears to resemble it at all closely is //. rhombocorys Schltr.,

an inhabitant of Nyasaland and southern Tanganyika Territory. The

latter has been placed in Sect. Multipartitae ( Tacnianthera Schltr.) —

erroneously, in the writer's opinion. H. longirostris and II. rhombocorys

agree in general habit and type of inflorescence, in the general features

of the lip and of the sepals, and in the exceptional hairiness of the petals.

In II. longirostris , however, these are bilobed in the upper two-thirds,

whereas in II. rhombocorys they are simple. It is significant that the

petals in the latter species have the anticous margin much dilated,

forming what might be considered as the beginning of an anticous

lobe. In column structure the two species show many points of

resemblance, the stigmas are similar, and in each the rostellum is

large and truncate, and projects above the anther loculi.

When first described, H. longirostris was known only from Northern

Nigeria, but specimens have recently been received from Uganda and

it can thus be -numbered among the many species common to East

Africa and Nigeria. A large number of East African species extend

as far west as the Bauchi Plateau in Northern Nigeria, especially the

Savannah types such as most of the African representatives of

Habenaria. A few species are also found in the Gold Coast and it is

possible that H. longirostris may be one of these. — V. S. Summerhayes.

Fiq. 1, flowering stem, lower leafless part and upper 2 inches of raoomo omitted,

natural size ; 2, dorsal sepal and petals, x 3 ; 3, gynostegium, lateral view, x 6 ;

4, rostellum, spread out, x 6 ; 5, one pollinium, x 8 A, anther ; CV, caudicle

and viscidium ; Rm, median lobe of rostellum ; Rl, lateral lobes of rostellum ;

5, staminode ; St, stigma tic processes.

I

32/2

I

Tabula 3212.

HABENARIA PRIONOCRASPEDON Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

H. prionocraspedon Summerhayes in Kow Bull. 1932, 342; H .

Englerianae Kraenzl. affinis, a qua floribus minoribus, labelli lobis

lateralibus semi-ovatis, calcari 5-6 cm. longo facile distinguitur.

Hcrba terrestris, erecta, ultra 35 cm. alta, basi non visa. Caulis

teres, fere usque inflorescentiam foliatus. Folia 5, elliptico- vel

oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, apice ipso breviter setaceo-acuminata, basi

vaginantia, 12-18 cm. longa, 3 -5-5 -5 cm. lata. Racemus 13 cm.

longue, io cm. diametro, dense multiflorus ; bracteae inferiores foliosae,

ceterae minores, lanceolatae, acuminatae, pedicello cum ovario saepius

breviores. Flores subpatentes, ut videtur albi. Sepalmn intermedium

late lanceolatum, acutum, concavum, erectum, 16-17 mm. longum,

6 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia deflexa, oblique semi-ovata, falcatim

acuminata, 18 mm. longa, 7 mm. lata. Petala simplicia, lineari-

lanceolata, leviter recurvata, acuta, 16 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata. Ijibcl-

lum ex ungue angusto trilobatum, in toto 3 cm. longum, 2*5 cm.

latum ; lobus intermedius ligulatus, acutus vel subacutus, 15 mm.

longus, 3 mm. latus ; lobi laterales late semi-ovati ex intermedio leviter

divergentes, basi integri, superne serrato-pectinati, 16 mm. longi, infra

medium 11 mm. lati ; calcar inferne gracile, dimidio superiore sensim

inflatum, clavatum, apice obtusum, satis incurvatum, 5-6 cm. longum.

Anthem erecta, 5-6 mm. alta, canalibus crassiusculis leviter incurvatis

2-5 mm. longis ; staminodia parva, rotundata, 1 mm. longa et lata.

Brachia stigmatifera clavata, obtusa, apice interdum connata, circiter

7 mm. longa ; rostelli lobus intermedius anguste triangularis, acutis-

simus, leviter concavus, 2*5 mm. longus.

Southern Nigeria. Ogoja District, Boshi, 1050 m., Rosevear 61/29.

The section Plantagineae , to which this species belongs, contains a

number of very striking and beautiful species of which H. mihtans

Rchb. f. and //. carnea N. E. Br. are occasionally cultivated. The

flowers are characterised by the usually pectinate or serrate but broad

lateral lobes of the lip, while the leaves are generally radical and more

or less rosulate and therefore somewhat resembling those of species of

2

Plantago. The section is distributed throughout the Indo-Malayan

region and is represented in West Africa by a second species, namely,

H. Engleriana Kraenzl., which possesses a spur about 15 cm. long.

Up to the present, however, no Habenaria of this section has been re¬

corded from East Africa, and the two West African species are therefore

isolated geographically. The Indian representatives of section Planta-

gineae possess flowers of similar type, but much smaller, H. geniculata

D. Don being a good example. The flowers of some of the Malayan

and Indo-Chinese species, on the other hand, although as large as those

of the African ones, tend to have a rather differently shaped lip with a

bilobulate middle lobe. In both H. Engleriana and H. prionocraspedon

the leaves, instead of being in a basal rosette or cluster, extend up the

stem to immediately below the inflorescence, in which respect they

approach H. geniculata , which has the leaves scattered along the lower

part of the stem. — V. S. Summerhayes.

Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size; 2, dorsal sepal, x 1-5; 3, lateral sepal,

x 1-5; 4, petal, x 1-5; 5, labellum, spur removed, x 1-5; 6, column, with

perianth members removed, x 4 ; 7, rostellum, flattened out, x 4 : — A, anther ;

S, staminodo ; St, stigmas ; V, viscidia.

32/3

Tabula 3213.

VIGNA NUDA N. E. Br.

Leguminosae. Tribus Phaseoleae.

V nuda N E. Br. in Kcw Bull. 1901, 121 ; E. G. Baker, Leg. Trop.

Afr’ 415 (1929) Liebrechtsia Ringoeti De Wild, in Fedde, Rep.

xd ' 113 (1914) De Wild. Notes FI. Kat. iv. 27 (1914). Vigna

MngoS (De Wild.) E. G. Baker, Leg. Trop Afr. 415 (1929).-

Habitu et magnitude V. esculenlae (De Wild.) De Wild ex Th. et

Hel. Durand similis, sod floribus asymmetncis carma et stylo per

angulo 90° contorta facile distinguenda.

Herba perennis, praecox, caudice subterraneo lignoso repente.

C antes maturi foliosi usque 1 m. longi, glabn vel puberuli. Stipulae

ovatae vel deltoideae, acutae, haud auriculatae, parvae, circiter 4 ram.

longae et 3 mm. latae, striatae, parce pubescentes. Folia trifoliolata ;

petrnli circiter 5 cm. longi, puberuli ; foliola oblongo-ovata vel subrhom-

boidea, usque 8 cm. longa, 3 cm. lata, minute puberula, hispidula,

breviter petiolulata ; rhachis circiter 1 *2 cm. longa, ut petiolus valde

sulcata ; stipellae subulatae, 2 mm. longae. Caules floriferi e basi

caulium maturorum (saepissime ustorum) orti, aphylli, erecti, basi

ramosi, breviter pubescentes, usque 20 cm. longi sed saepe brevissimi.

Pedunculi erecti, usque 20 cm. longi, minute et parce retrorsim pubes¬

centes, praecipue apicem versus, vel inferne subglabri. Flores in verti-

cillo 2-5-floro, rarius in verticillis duobus internodio brevi dispositi ;

pedicelli usque 3 mm. longi, pubescentes, apice bibracteolati. Bracteolae

circiter 1 mm. longa, velutinae, caducae. Calyx late campanulatus,

8 mm. longus, parce pubescens, dentibus deltoideis subaequalibus

acutis 2—3 mm. longis. Vexillum transverse ellipticum, breviter

emarginatum, unguiculatum, usque 2 cm. altum, 3 cm. latum, dimidio

altero majore. Aloe rotundato-triangulatae, basi anguste unguiculatae,

ungue usque 4 mm. longo, et breviter calcaratae, in toto usque 2*4 cm.

longae, 1*1 cm. latae, subaequales. Petala carinae lunata, valde

incurva, basi in unguem attenuata, superne lateraliter contorta,

inaequalia, altero versus medium pustula 3 mm. diametro instructo,

altero piano, circiter 2 cm. longa, 1 cm. diametro. Stamina ^circi er

3 cm. longa, cum carina contorta, antheris vix 1 mm. longis. yianf*-

lineare, minute velutinura, circiter 1*5 cm. longum ; stylus in ,

2 cm. longus, fere glaber sed postice valde barbatus, laterali wco »

stigma leviter obliquum, pilis valde annulatum. Lcgumen

lineare, breviter velutinum.

2

Southern Rhodesia. Mashonaland, without locality, abundant in

dry pastures, May 1896, Bryce s.n. (type of Vigna nuda) : — Flowers

purplish-blue and whitish. Mazoe, on burnt veld, 1350 m., Aug. 1905,

Eyles 179 : — Flower-stalks in erect clusters ; no leaves ; flowers red-

purple with a patch of yellow in throat of standard ; keel strongly

curved upwards and sideways (always to the left) ; roots long, woody.

Salisbury, 1440 m., Sept. 1927, Eyles 5059 .-—Perennial with woody

rootstock ; flowers red-purple ; keel twisted.

Northern Rhodesia. Chilanga District : Chilanga, on clay soil

1200 m., Aug. 1909, Rogers 8490. Ndola District : R. Kashitu and

elsewhere on sand, 1200 m., July 1909, Rogers 8303 Flowers only

springing up after the grass is burnt. Mwinilunga District : about

22 miles east of Mwinilunga, on burnt ground in open Brachystegia

woodland, 10 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead 1077 : — Perennial with thick

rootstock, flowers in clumps, rosy-mauve ; no leaves at time of flower¬

ing ; keel and style twisted. About 40 miles south of Mwinilunga and

12 miles west of R. Lunga, on burnt ground in Brachystegia woodland,

15 Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead 911 : — Old unburnt shoots up to 1 m. long

with dead leaves attached ; perennial with running rootstock ; flowers

from base of dead shoots, large, dull mauve ; keel and style twisted.

Belgian Congo. Katanga. On sandy ground at Nieudorp, Aug.

1912, Ringoet 6 (typo of Vigna Ringoeti). Elisabethville, Aug. 1911,

Rogers 10017, pro parte. Elisabethville, June 1920, Rogers 26006.

This species is remarkable in the genus Vigna on account of its having

the standard asymmetrical and the keel twisted through a right angle,

characters which give the flower a most untidy and bizarre appearance.

The style, however, is essentially that of Vigna, and not that of Phaseolus

or Physostigma, genera to which this plant bears considerable super¬

ficial resemblance. The ripe fruits of Vigna nuda are unknown, but

partly mature pods are similar to those of many species of Vigna.

In consequence of V. nuda producing its flowers before the leaves

prevalence of grass fires in the region where it grows, leaves

of this species were unknown until the writer was fortunate enough to

collect some dead ones still attached to the previous season’s shoots

which by chance had escaped the fire. They are now described for the

first time.

The twisting of the keel is far from obvious in herbarium specimens,

an as lerefore escaped the notice of previous authors. The flowers

seem always to twist towards the left, and the left-hand petal of the keel

as a j is er on its otherwise even surface, and is smaller than the right'

hand one, which is outside it.— E. Milne-Redhead.

,2' leanf- from below; 3, flower, with petal* remoi

of the alae ; 6, right-hand petal of Carina, from outaido ; 7,

i, lrora outside ; 8, UDDer nart of wtvlo nmi afinma Pigs.

4, vexillum ; 5, one ui uie mac ; u i

1 I _ i 1 / . , K4- 1*“ ui uarum.irum out}

ncUural^ze^ fig^xT* J 8’ Uppcr Part of 8tyle> stigma

_

3214

Tabula 3214.

PHYSOSTIGMA MESOPONTICUM Taub.

Leguminosae. Tribus Phaseoleae.

P. mesoponticum Taub. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. xii. 81 (1894) ;

Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr. C. 222 (1895) ; 11. E. Fries in Wiss.

Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exped. 1911-1912, i. 105 (1914);

E. G. Baker, Leg. Trop. Afr. 386 (1929).— -Ab affiui P. venenoso Balf.

praecipue habitu erecto herbaceo, floribus ante folia evolutis, nodis

i nflorescentiarum non conspicue incrassatis difTert.

Herba erecta vel forsan subscandens, praecox, caudice subterraneo

lignoso repente. Caules maturi foliosi non visi. Stipulae (ex descrip¬

tion Friesiorum) deltoideo-lanceolatae, circiter 1 cm. longae et 3 mm.

latae, apice obtusae, valde striatae. Folia (ex descriptione Friesiorum)

trifoliolata ; petioli usque 5 cm. longi, pilis brevibus patentibus fulvis

dense induti ; foliola terminalia oblonga, circiter 5-5 cm. longa et 1 cm.

lata, apice rotundata et valde emarginata, basi late cuneata vel rotun-

data, lobis basalibus duobus oblongis 1-1*5 cm. longis apice rotundatis

instructa ; foliola lateralia aliquanto similia sed minora et lobo unico

1 *5 cm. longa et 1 cm. lato extrinsecus retrorsum spectante instructa ;

foliola breviter petiolulata, pilis brevibus albis induta; rhachis 1-1 • 5 cm.

longa; stipellae ovatae, obtusae, 2-3 mm. longae, striatae. Caules

floriferi e basi caulium maturorum (saepissime ustorum) et e caudice

ipso orti, aphylli, erecti, ramosi, leviter compressi, obscure striati, pilis

brevissimis patentibus vestiti, usque 45 cm. longi (racemo incluso).

Racemi laxi, in paniculam amplam dispositi vel interdum simplices,

usque 30-flori. Flores singuli vel bini ex axillis bractearum vix incras¬

satis orti ; pedicelli 2-10 mm. longi, densiuscule brevissime hirsuti.

Bracteolae minutissimae, caducae. Calyx infundibuliformis, usque

8 mm. longus, dentibus triangularibus, acutiusculis, dense breviterque

pubescens. Vexillum suborbiculatum, usque 2 • 5 cm. longum et 2 • 3 cm.

latum, profunde emarginatum, basi cordatum, vix unguiculatum.

Alae late falcatae, obovato-oblongae, usque 2*3 cm. longae, apice rotun¬

da tae, basi unguiculatae, ungue circiter 3 mm. longo, et inferne breviter

calcaratae. Carina fere 90° curvata, 2*5 cm. longa (statu curvato),

basin versus in calcar circiter 1 cm. longum et 3 mm. diametro producta,

basi unguiculata ungue 3 mm. longo ; petala carinae inaequaha.

Stamina circiter 4*5 cm. longa, tubo circiter 3 cm. longo, cum carina

2

contorta ; antherae 1 mm. longae. Ovarium sessile, lineare, 1 cm.

longum, dense pubescens, circiter 9-ovulatum ; stylus 4 cm. longus,

apicem versus in circulum contortus, fere glaber sed postice apicem

versus valde barbatus ; stigma terminate appendice retrorsa lineari

acuta, 4 mm. longa, carinata, carina membranacea undulata instructa.

Legumen ignotum.

Tanganyika Territory. Kigoma Province : in burnt grasslands

near Itimbury in the Ugalla’s country, Boehm 27a (type in Herb.

Berlin). Kigoma District : Tongwe, Sept. 1926, Grant s.n. (Herb.

Brit. Mus.). Tabora District : near Tabor*, Stuhlmann 584a. Rungwe

District : in stony bushland at Bulambya, 1200 m., Sept. 1912, Stolz

189. Lindi District : in wooded grassland fringing bush of Kindope

stream, Tendaguru, 150 m., 16 Aug. 1930, Migeod 804 (Herb. Brit.

Mus.) : — Leafless twiner in grass ; flowers brilliant pink.

Nyasaland. Zomba, 1901, Sharp 22.

Northern Rhodesia. Tanganyika Province : with no information,

Cameron s.n. Mumbwa District : near Mumbwa, 1911, Mrs. Macaulay

1119 : — A tall herb ; flowers 25-35 in compound spikes ; calyx dark

red ; standard and wings dark pink ; keel white or pink ; leaf tri-

foliolate, with rough hairs on the upper surface and prominent veins.

Ndola District: Bwana Mkubwa, 1911, Fries 494; Ndola, 1911,

Fries 494a ; Ndola, common all over the country, Oct. 1906, Allen

386. Solwezi District : on burnt ground in dambo and on termite

hills at Solw'ezi, 20 Sept. 1930, Milne- Redhead 1159 : — Perennial with

running rootstock forming clumps 60 cm. in diameter ; flowers light

crimson, very conspicuous. Mw’inilunga District : in degenerating

Cryptosepalum woodland on burnt ground at Matonchi Farm, 31 Aug.

1930, Milne-Redhead 995 : — Perennial with running rootstock, flowering

before its leaves ; flowers very conspicuous, deep pink.

Belgian Congo. Katanga: Kangenge, 12 Aug. 1931, de Witte

542 (Herb. Brit. Mus.) ; Elisabethville, Aug. 1911, Royers 10017, pro

parte ; Mushoshi, 1350 m., Oct. 1912, Rogers 10379.

Angola. On the left bank of R. Chitanda, 1108 m., in sandy places

among quartz, flowrering without leaves, Sept. 1899, Baum 133 (type of

var. Baumii Harms). Abundant in open grassy woods of Combretum

and Caesalpineae near the rivulet Songque at Soba Gumbe, Anha,

12 July 1905, Gosswciler 1745 : — A perennial with subterranean w’oody

rootstock from which arise one or more 1-2 ft. high deciduous flowering

stems, but without leaves ; flowers a brilliant reddish-purple colour.

Physostigma mesopo)Uicum Taub. is a plant of very great morpho¬

logical interest. The development of the peculiar spur along the fused

part of the upper edge of the two keel petals at a point not far from the

basal claw is dealt with by Taubert (l.c. 83). It is, however, of interest

to drawr a comparison between this plant aud Vigna nuda N. E. Br.,

a species which, like Physostigma mesoponticumt possesses a twisted

keel, and accordingly has the keel petals unequal. But V . nuda has,

3

in place of the long spur of P. mesoponticum , a much shorter outgrowth

resembling a blister, situated on the surface of the inner keel petal,

and not at the point of fusion of the two petals as in this species. The

ovary of P. mesoponticum with the staminal tube wrapped round it

frequently protrudes through the lower unfused portion of the keel.

The shape and texture of the stigmatic appendage are somewhat variable

as is also the size of the flowers. The variety Baumii of Harms differs

from the typo only in possessing rather larger flowers.

The leaves of Physostigrna mesoponticum were first described, as lobed

by R. E. Fries (l.c.), but apparently, as in many species of’ the tribe

Phaseoleae , the degree of lobing of the leaflets is very variable. Leaves

are not represented in the Kew Herbarium.

Physostigrna mesoponticum has a more northerly distribution than

Vigna nuda , being found as far north as Tabora in Tanganyika Terri¬

tory, whilst it is not known to extend to Southern Rhodesia in the

South. The two species have a similar life form, and are frequent on

dry burnt ground at the end of the winter season. It is probable that

Physostigrna mesoponticum during the wet summer season develops

twining leafy shoots which scramble about among the grass with which

it grows, but it is not a subshrub, as was suggested by Taubert.

E. Milne-Rediiead.

Fig. 1, plant in flowering stage ; 2, vexillum ; 3, ala, from within ; 4, carina

lateral view ; 5, 6, the two carina petals separated, from within ; 7, androecium*

enclosing gynoecium ; 8, style and stigma. Figs. 1-7, natural size ; fig. 8, x 2. ’

32 is

Tabula 3215.

OXYGONUM PACHYBASIS Milne- Redhead.

POLYGONACEAE. Tribus POLYGONEAE.

0. pachybasis Milne-Redhead ; species nova, ab affinibus 0.

pubescente C. H. Wright et 0. Dregeano Meissn. ocreis majoribus

longius setosis, pedicellis sub fructu longioribus distinguendum ; ab

ilia etiam omnibus partibus pubescentibus differt.

Ilerba perennis, pubescens, caudice crasso lignoso brunneo plus

minusve repente. Caules annul plures ; caules primarii usque ad

inflorescentiam redacti, efoliati, basin versus cataphyllis ocreiformibus

circumdati, in toto 8-20 cm. longi, leviter curvati ; caules secundarii

ex axillis cataphyllorum superiorum caulium primariorum exorti

foliiferi, erecti, sub anthesin immaturi, circiter 15 cm. longi, breviter

et parce pubescentes; cataphylla obconico-cylindrica, truncata

b-8 mm longa, leviter inflata, firme chartacea, apice breviter setoso-

ciliata, brunnea, extra breviter et parce pubescentia. Ocreae foliorum

herbaceae cylindncae, truncatae, in toto 1-1*3 cm. longae, apice

setoso-ciliatae wins brunneis usque 7 mm. longis, breviter pubescentes.

tolia sessilia lanceolata, apice valdo acuta vel apiculata, in basin

valde attenuata, usque 6 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, utraque pagina

breviter et parce pubescentia. Spicae fasciculorum terminates, usque

17 cm longi ; fasciculi cymosi, 10-14, usque 4-flori. Bratteae generates

ocreis foliorum similes sed minores et plerumque haud setoso-ciliatae,

et apice oblique truncatae, saepe apiculo terminatae, 5-8 mm. longae *

oracteae propriae floruin hyalinae, setis brevibus 1-2 instructae ;

p( i lceili maturi circiter 4 mm. longi. Flores longistyli (<£) : — Peri -

tubus circiter 2 mm. longus ; lobi ovato-elliptici, circiter 4 mm.

3 int ^1Ce P^us m^nusve acuti. Stamina 8, quorum 5 exteriora

versusri°ra ’ ^amen^a filiformia, omnia, praesertim interiora, basin

^vGnumX^ail-8a 9 ^ ~ ^ 5 mm* l°nga I antherae circiter 1 mm. longae.

longa r C1^Clter \ n*m- l°nKunb glabrum ; styli pars inferior 2 mm.

Flores br ^ circiter 4 mm. longis ; stigmata minuta, capitata.

antliiig n€Vt8ty^ (verosimiliter <$) : — Perianthia plus minusve peri-

longa swUm kcrmaphroditorum similia. Stamina circiter 5 mm.

formis r^mi exciter 2 mm. longi. Fructus iramaturus ampulli-

recurv* t' ^ri80nus nec spinosus, breviter pubescens, pedicellis

2

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District : in dambo, after burning,

at Solwezi, 20 Sept. 1930, Milne-Redhead 1162 : — Perennial herb with

thick woody rootstock ; flowers white, opening in sunshine.

Whilst most of the known species belonging to this genus are annuals,

this plant, together with 0. tenerum Milne-Redhead, is a perennial

with a woody underground rootstock well suited to thrive in the con¬

ditions offered by the open grasslands, known as dambos, which occur

throughout the savannah woodland areas of Northern Rhodesia.

Were it not for the annual grass fires it is possible that both these

species might develop into shrubs of similar habit to 0. frutxcosum

Dammer ex Milne-Redhead, which grows in the evergreen Crypto -

sepalum woodlands of Angola and Northern Rhodesia, into which the

grass fires never penetrate on account of the lack of a continuous

ground vegetation on the loose sandy surface.

On examination of a number of flowers of 0. pachybasis it was found

that they were heterostylous, but inspection of the developing fruits

showed that these had all come from flowers with long styles, the ovary

of the short-styled flowers apparently being abortive. The species is

therefore polygamous, although at first sight it does not appear so.

E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, flower, x 3 ; 3, long-styled flower, laid open, with

gynoecium removed, x 3 ; 4, gynoecium of long-styled flower, x 3 ; 5, short-

styled flower, laid open, with gynoecium removed, x 3; 6, gynoecium of short-

styled flower, x 3 ; 7, unripe fruit, x 2.

32 It!

Tabula 3216.

OXYGONUM TENERUM Milne- Redhead.

POLYGONACEAE. Tril>US POLYGONEAE.

0. tenerum Milne- Redhead ; species nova, 0. pachybasi Milne-

Redhead babitu similis, sed foliis linearibus glabris, fructibus trigonis

distinguenda ; ab 0. delagoensi 0. Kuntze, quod fructus trigonos

similes profert, habitu pumilo, foliis linearibus integris recedit.

Herba perennis, glabra, caudice crasso lignoso brunneo plus minusve

repente. Caides annui plures ; caules primarii inflorescentia terminati

paucifoliati, basin versus cataphyllis ocreiformibus circumdati in

toto circiter 6 cm. longi, plus minusve erecti ; caules secundari’i ex

axdlis cataphyllorum supenorum et folium caulium primariorum

exorti, folnferi, erecti, sub anthesin immaturi, circiter 4 cm lonei •

cataphylla late obcomca vel subcylindrica, aliquantum inflata, firme

chartacea, apice truncata, breviter setoso-ciliata, brunnea Ocreae

ohorum subherbaceae, cylindricae, truncatae, in toto usque 1-2 cm

ngae, apice longe setoso-ciliatae cilns brunneis usque 9 mm longis

Folia sessilia, lineana, apice valde acuta vel apiculata basi vix

angustata, usque 4-5 cm. longa et 1 mm. lata. Spicae fasciculorum

terminales, circiter 3 cm. longi ; fasciculi ^orlZciZZneX

setos8 f° Tm 8imi 68 -8ed apiCe obliclue truncatae, plerumque hnud

setoso-ciliatae, saepe apiculo terminatae, usque 6 mm. longae ■ bracteae

propnae florum hyalinae, setis brevibus 1-2 instructae pedicelli

nm\oMu?-ribIT-'i1°nglm ^ $ ; Ferianthii tubus circiter

filamentTfilif’ ^ elbPtico-oblongi, circiter 6 mm. longi. Stamina 8 ;

2-5 mm f formia’ basin ver8US aliquantum expansa, hirsuta, 1-5-

OuJZ-ZT \ ant leyae brunneo-roseae, circiter 1 mm. longae.

longa r.im 'T -1 n'IU' ongum’ glabrum; styli pars inferior 3 mm.

Flores t n8 ^ C-lT.Clte* mm* ^ongis ; stigmata minuta, capitata.

circitor 7 v 0n V,1S1* Fructus ovoideus, conspicue trigonus, espinosus,

altus, 4 mm. diametro, pedicellis erectis.

early bur ,N ^H0DESIA- Mwinilunga District : in sandy plain, after

Kabnmr ni??,r(ea8^ Mwinilunga and about 16 miles west of R.

woodv ^eP^- 1930, Milne- Redhead 1115: — Perennial herb with

flowers r°j°. ock croeping underground ; shoots up to 8 cm. high ;

2

Although of exactly similar habit, this species is strikingly different

from 0. pachybasis. It was found growing on burnt ground on sandy

soil in an open situation along with Sapium Acetosella Milne-Redhead,

Ochna angustifolia Engl, et Gilg, and Ochna Hockii De Wild., all

plants of the same life form ; but whereas the genera Sapium and

Ochna are most commonly trees or large shrubs, the genus Oxygonum

is largely composed of species which are annual herbs.

Only hermaphrodite flowers were discovered on the material col¬

lected, so the functionally male flowers have to remain undescribed

until further material is available. — E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, § flower, x 3 ; 3, § flower laid open, with

gynoecium removed, x 3 ; 4, gynoecium, x 3 ; 5, fruit, x 2.

3217

Tabula 3217.

ERLANGEA QUARREI Hutch . et B. L. Burtt

Compositae. Tribus Vernonieae.

E. Quarrei Hutch. et B. L. Burtt-, species nova, affinis E. sengensi

S. Moore, sed foliis ovatis basi late rotundato-cordatis, involucri

bracteis exterioribus latioribus ovatis distinguenda.

Caules e rbizomate duro lignosi, stricti, usque ad 7 dm. alti, obtuse

costati, inferne laxe superne dense crispato-pubescentes, internodiis

plerumque circiter 5 cm. longis. Folia opposita, sessilia, discoloria

ovata, basi late rotundato-cordata, apice obtusa supremis late lanceo’

latis exceptis, 6-10 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, marginibus obscure crenatis

leviter recurvis plus minusve bullata, supra scabrida et tenuiter

pubescent, a, infra cinereo-tomentosa ; nervi laterales patub supra

obscuri, infra prominentes, utrinsecus circiter 12, flexuosi CaS

brevissimo .etaceo moS“ duco 8 ' aP‘“ CUpul“t*' PaH>°

Belgian Congo. Katanga

1932, P. Quarre 2998.

Kainina, on the Lovoi River, April

uT168 T rCCeived in a Seneral collection of

of the Comm M th ^lglan Congo communicated by the Director

ne Lon go Museum, Tervueren, Belgium.

and IJ\'T .I"1*'19™ is dlstinKnished from Vernonia by the scanty

somewhat la:Jf°U;S PaPP,U8' . The use this character results in a

°f species r lbCla, classification, as it brings together an assemblage

the class, fi!°!ne of P'luch show very slight relationship. Following

ssification adopted by Muschler,* E. Quarrei falls into the

* Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xlvi. 58 (1911).

2

section Bothriocline on account of its opposite leaves. It is, however,

but distantly related to the typical members of this section, since it

has large solitary or subsolitary capitula, whereas they have much

smaller capitula arranged in corymbs.

J. Hutchinson and B. L. Burtt.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, a pair of Jower leaves, natural size ;

3, portion of upper surface of leaf, x 20 ; 4, portion of lower surface of leaf,

showing recurved margin, x 4 ; 5, flower, with ovary detached, x 4 ; 6, part of

androecium, x 6 ; 7, achene, with two pappus bristles still persisting, x 6 ;

8, one of the pappus bristles, x 40.

e.

Tabula 3218.

CRASSULA WRIGHTIANA Bullock.

Crassulaceae. Subfamilia Crassuloideae.

C Wrightiana Bullock in Kew Bull. 1932, 487 ; affinis C. natanti

Thunb sed habitu robustiore, caulibus foliisque camosioribus, sepalis

longioribus pro rata angustioribus, petalis angustioribus oblongis vel

oblongo-ellipticis, carpellis leviter bialatis majonbus distincta.

Herba erecta vel procumbens, omnino glabra, 6-30 cm. vel ultra

alta, caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis, internodiis 1-5 mm. —

3. 5’ cm. longis, radicibus adventitiis e nodis praecipue inferioribus

ortis. Folia opposita, decussata, basi in vaginam usque 2 mm. longam

connata, oblonga vel oblongo-spathulata, apice acuta usque rotundata,

5*5-18 mm. longa, 1*5-5 mm. lata. Flores axillares, solitarii vel in

fasciculis paucifloris dispositi, minuti, tetrameri, pedicellis 5-10 mm.

longis. Sepala basi connata, oblonga vel sursum leviter angustata,

obtusa vel subacuta, usque 1 mm. longa. Petala oblongo-elliptica

vel oblonga, apice obtusa vel rotundata, sepalis duplo longiora. Fila-

menta applanata, sursum angustata j antherae parvae, subglobosae.

Squamulac nectariferae spathulatae, 0*5-0 *6 mm. longae, ovariis

singulis adpressae. Carpella ovoidea, leviter bialata, 1-1 • 2 mm. longa,

stylo brevi leviter uncinato coronata, uniovulata. Semina oblonga,

utrinque rotundata, dense minutissime tuberculata.

Kenya Colony. Nairobi, 1800 m., Dowson 476 (type). Aberdare

Mts. and the base of Mt. Kenya, Dowson 73. Eldama Ravine, 2100—

2250 m., Oct. 1898, Whyte s.n. Third day’s march from Eldama

Ravine, Whyte s.n. Between Nandi and Mumias, Whyte s.n. Limuru,

10 June 1918, Snowden 582. Mau, Nov. 1905, Baker 339. Mau

forest, Mettam 236. Mt. Elgon : 1950-2250 m., Oct. 1930, Lugard

5 ; 1920 m., 28 Feb. 1931, Lugard 538. ltumuruli District, 1800 m.,

July 1931, Napier 1229.

Uganda Protectorate. Behungi Swamp, 2400 m., and common

ft altitude throughout the Virunga Mts. area, 1 Dec. 1930, B. D.

1288^ Kitakata, Shema County, Ankole, 24 Jan. 1929, Snowden

qiJANGANYIKA Territory. Arusha, 1500 m. : Dec. 1927, Roarer

19 ’ ®c^* 1925, Roarer 79b. Kamachuma Road, Bukoba District,

AAK) m*» Sept. 1931, Roarer 2296.

9

In the original publication of this species, Crassula Wrightiana

was placed provisionally in the BuUiarda group of the section

Tillaea (Linn.) Schonl. beside C. aquatica (Linn.) Schdnl., which it

closely resembles in habit. Further investigation shows, however,

that, on account of its uniovulate carpels, it must be assigned to the

Helophytum group of the same section, and is nearly related to C. natans

Thunb., from which it differs as indicated in the diagnosis. Some

specimens of C. Wrightiana and some of C. natans are strikingly similar

in general appearance, but the differential characters appear to be con¬

stant. It seems not unlikely that Schonland’s conception of C. natans

included the plant figured here. There are no specimens of C. natans

Thunb. from East Africa in the Kew Herbarium, and the “ distinct

robust variety which Engler mistook for a variety of C. Vaillantii

(Willd.) Roth ” * may have been C. Wrightiana.

C. Wrightiana is a more or less amphibious plant of the high swamps

and watercourses of East Africa, and the great range of variation in

habit corresponds with varying amounts of water in the habitat.

When growing in comparatively deep water, the internodes elongate

to bring the upper portions above the surface, whilst in drier situations

the internodes remain very short. The plant evidently grows in dense

masses, the individual stems providing mutual support, in addition

to that given by the water to the aquatic form. It is assumed that

the erect, unbranched habit is normal for the plant ; the procumbent,

slightly branched habit is apparently produced by the lowering of the

water-level in seasonal ponds and streams, thus removing the support

necessary for the weak, succulent stems.

The plant is named in honour of Mr. C. H. Wright, late of the

Herbarium, Kew, whose notes on his dissection of Mr. Dowson’s

specimens are attached to the type sheet. — A. A. Bullock.

Tig. 1, a long unbranched stem (Lugnrd 215), natural size ; 2, a stouter branched

form (Burtt 2924), natural size ; 3, a dwarf form (Lugard 538), natural size ;

4, partially expanded flower, x 8 ; 5, expanded flower, with one petal bent back

to snow the androecium and gynoecium, x 8; 6, stamens, x 12; 7, gynoecium

ami squamae, x 12 ; 8, longitudinal section of a carpel, showing ovule, x 12 ;

9, seed, x 20.

* Schonland in Ann. Bolus Herb. ii. 49 (1916).

'I

32/9

4

Tabula 3219.

CEROPEGIA FILICALYX Bullock.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Ceropegieae.

C. fllicalyx Bullock in Kew Bull. 1933, 145 ; C. abyssinicae Decne.

affinis, sed calyce duplo longiore, corollae lobis minoribus, indumento

densiore, habitu majore differt.

Herba erccta, usque 1 m. alts , caulibus simplicibus satis dense paten-

terque hirsutis. Folia, angustissime oblonga vel anguste oblongo-

oblanceolata, apice satis acuta, basin versus angustata, 6-12 cm. longa,

circiter 1-1 -5 (raro 2) cm. lata, supra subappresse pilosa, infra patenter

pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinsccus circiter 7, petiolis hirsutis 1 cm.

longis. Flores 3-5 ex axillis foliorum fasciculati, pedicellis gracilibus

usque 2 cm. longis patenter albido-villosis. Calyx fere ad basin divisus,

segmentis 5 filiformibus circiter 1 cm. longis, cum glandulis triangulari-

lanceolatis satis carnosis circiter 0-6-0-7 mm. longis altemantibus.

Corollae lobi 5, oblongi, inflexo-apiculati, apiculis inter se cohaerentibus

7-5-8 mm, longi, apicem versus extra leviter pubescentes, marginibus

undulatis, extra ochroleuci, intus carinati, brunneo-purpurei ; tubus

oblongo-ovoideus, 1 cm. longus, medio 4 mm. diametro, glaber, brunneo-

purpureus sed annulo ochroleuco notatus. Corona duplex, tubo

stamineo a ffixa ; exterior ex saccis 5 minutis, antheris altemantibus ;

interior in lobos 5 caudiformes 1 • 1-1 -2 mm. longos antheris oppositos

supra gynostegium products, apice inter se conniventes. Anlherae

supra gynostegium incurvae ; pollinia minuta, e glandula valde ad-

scendentes. Fructus ignotus.

7<TtNoG,ANYIKA Territory- Kikori, 1260 m., 14 May 1930, B. D.

UrU 2755 (type). Moshi, 900 m., June 1928, A. E. Haarer 1493.

Ceror

the fihealyx is one of the comparatively few erect species of

obvious U8*l *8 interesting phytogeographically on account of its

known8 | a^10n8hip with C. abyssinica Decne., a native of Abyssinia,

stock 0f°5 i rom Schimper’s collections in 1843 and 1853. The root-

as8Um , i jc ^atter species is a fleshy or half woody tuber, and it may be

the 1- ° r > • is a similar structure. AMorphologically,

ar£e intersepaline glands (figures 2 and 6) form an interesting

2

feature : their function, if any, is unknown . The position of the glandu¬

lar pollen-carriers on the rim of the peltate top of the gynostegium

is well indicated in figure 3, showing that each bears a pollinium from

adjacent pollen-sacs of different anthers, a fact which is not made

clear in some of the published figures of plants in this family.

Mr. B. D. Burtt, who has collected so many undescribed species in

Tanganyika Territory, describes this plant as a very local erect herb

2£ ft. high, growing in woods of Acacia usambarensis Taub.

A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering stem, natural size ; 2, flower, x 3 ; 3, flower

with perianth removed, showing outer and inner corona, anthers and pollinia,

x 16 ; 4, the same, with an inner corona lobe and a stamen removed, showing

the peltate stigmatic disk, x 16 ; 5, pair of poilinia, x 45 ; 6, gynoecium sur¬

rounded by intersepaline glands, x 16.

32 2 0

Tabula 3220.

ENCEPHALARTOS KOSIENSIS Hutch.

Cycadaceae. Tribus Encephalarteae.

E. kosiensis Hutch, in Kew Bull. 1932, 512, et in Hill FI. Cap. v.

sect*. 2, Suppl. 34, fig- 5 (1933) ; species foliolis supeme subaequaliter

3-5-lobatis, inferioribus ad aculeos sensim redactis, strobilis pro genere

parvis $ ovoideis distinctissima.

Truncus usque ad 3*5 m. altus, ultra 30 cm. diametro. Folia apice

caulis dense aggregata, 0*8-1 m. longa, petiolo 5-8 cm. longo ; rhachis

recta vel leviter recurva, apice leviter producta ; foliola circiter

30-juga, erecto-patentia et leviter imbricata, superiora minora et sub-

falcata, inferiora ad aculeos sensim redacta, majora late oblonga, circiter

8 cm. longa et 2*5 cm. lata, basi circiter 8 mm. longa et supra rhachin

longitudinaliter inserta, rigide coriacea, margine inferiore lobis spinosis

rigidis breviter triangularibus 5-7, margine superiore lobis similibus

minoribus 1-3 armata, nervatione parallela. Strobilus breviter

pedunculatus, ellipsoideus, 10-13 cm. longus, 2 *5-3 cm. diametro, rubro-

salmoneus ; axis circiter 6 mm. diametro ; squamae paucis basalibus

exceptis fertiles, cuneatae, supeme rhomboideae, planae, inferne

ubiquo microsporangiis (usque ad 200) 2-3-4-natis indutae, majores

circiter 1*3 cm. longae et latae. Strobilus $ breviter pedunculatus,

late ovoideus, maturus circiter 20 cm. longus et 15 cm. diametro, rubro-

salmoneus ; axis circiter 2 • 5 cm . diametro ; squamae fertiles circiter 70,

reliquis numerosis ad basin et apicem infertilibus, circiter 5 • 5 cm. longae

et 4*5 cm. latae, stipite gracili usque ad 3 cm. longo, parte exteriore

rhomboidea areola media depressa laevi exeepta rugosa, firme carnosae.

Semina oblonga, e basi ad apicem sensim angustata, leviter angulata,

truncata, circiter 4 cm. longa et 2 cm. diametro, tegumenti parte

exteriore carnosa et aurantiaco-rubra, intermedia oblonga utrinque

rotundata circiter 2*5 cm. longa et 1*2 cm. diametro ossea venis

superficialibus longitudinalibus notata, interiore membranacea.

South Africa. Northern Zululand, near Kosi Bay, in coastal sand-

dunes and bush, Aitken and Gale 63 (type) ; Col. Lugge in Natal Herb.

2

16507. Cultivated by Col. G. Molyneux at the “ Old Fort,” Durban,

and in the Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden, Newlands, Cape Province.

This remarkable Cycad was first recorded by Colonel Lugge at Kosi

Bay, and a leaf specimen collected by him is preserved in the Natal

Herbarium (16507). In 1920 R. D. Aitken and G. W. Gale made a

journey to the Ingwavuma District of Zululand and collected further

material, the record in their report (Bot. Survey S. Afr., Mem. 2, 18 :

1921) being “ (63) Encephalartos sp. Right on coast and in sand-dune

bush, E. Ingwavuma.” In FI. Cap. v. sect. 2, Suppl. 34 (1933), the

locality is recorded as “ behind sand-dune bush near Kosi Lake,” and

the collectors are quoted for the statement “ stems at most a few inches

high.” The description of the species given by Hutchinson is founded

on the leaf specimen mentioned above and on this statement by Aitken

and Gale.

The existence of this species was brought to my notice by Brig.-

General J. Wylie, and in 1932 Colonel G. Molyneux of Durban con¬

tributed five living specimens to the National Botanic Garden, Kirsten¬

bosch, where they have established themselves satisfactorily and pro¬

duced new leaves. One of these, with a trunk 16 inches high and a

crown of 21 leaves, is figured in the accompanying plate. Two more

large plants and several seedlings were received at Kirstenbosch during

1933 from General Wylie. Colonel Molyneux also gave me magnificent

specimens of the male and female cones in July 1932, from which

coloured drawings were made by Miss F. M. Leighton at the Bolus

Herbarium. These form the basis of the present plate. Prior to the

receipt of the plants now at Kirstenbosch, Colonel Molyneux had

succeeded in establishing this species in cultivation in the garden of

the Old Fort at Durban.

The material and information received from Colonel Molyneux

enable the original description to be considerably amplified. The

following statements are quoted from Colonel Molyneux’ letters : —

“ Encephalartos kosicnsis grows on the sea-shore on the sand-dunes

and in the coastal bush within 250 yards of the sea. ... It is common

in the coast sand-dunes in scattered groups for a matter of 15 miles,

and a few specimens have been observed up to 10 miles inland within

a few milos of the Portuguese border. . . . The coast belt of northern

Zululand is unhealthy in the wet summer, and in the dry winter, prior

to the introduction of motor-cars, was rather inaccessible, for there is

80 miles of sand to be got over which is soft when dry. These facts

are sufficient to explain why this Cycad should have remained unknown

for so long.” Aitken and Gale (l.c.) also refer to the difficulties of

transport through this region, so that “ a day's journey rarely exceeds

twelve miles.” “ . . . The tallest plant seen was 11 feet in height and

about 3 feet 6 inches in girth. Plants from 6 to 9 feet are common.

Seed brought to Durban has germinated freely. ... Its foliage is

distinctive enough, something like that of E. latifrons , but the leaves

are longer and do not curve : but the really interesting point is that the

3

cones are a flaming scarlet, male and female. The nearest I know to

this is E. grains from British Central Africa of which the cones (in the

Durban Botanic Garden) are a pale pink. . . . Apart from the red

colour of its cones and its distinctly shaped pinnae, the very numerous

leaves in its crown, which may even be described as crowded, and a

more circinate arrangement of the young pinnae than is usual in the

Cycads I know, may be worthy of remark.”

The genus Encephalartos has been divided by Pilger (in Engler u.

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2, xiii. 80 : 1926) into three sections

on the basis of the form of the exposed end of the female cone-scales.

E. kosiensis would fall into Section B, along with the Central African

species E. grains Prain, E. Hildebrand tii A. Braun et Bouche, and

E. Barteri Carruthers.

The information here given with regard to the stature of E. kosiensis

necessitates the revision of the clavis in FI. Cap. v. sect. 2, Suppl. 28,

and also modifies the conjecture made in the addendum-slip inserted

therein.— R. H. Compton (Kirstenbosch).

Since the receipt of Professor Compton’s description and notes

Mr. Cyrus R. Barrett, of Durban, has written to the Editor as follows :

“ I collected a dozen or so specimens [of E. kosiensis ] at Kosi Bay last

year. I also got three seed-cones from which I obtained 250 seeds ;

these I planted last November [1932] and now have just over 200 seed¬

lings, which are doing well.

1 visited the area again early this month [July 1933], and examined

the plants there. It appears to me that those plants growing within

three miles of the Bay and five from the sea-shore are different from

those growing twenty-two miles from the shore. Those found near the

Bay were growing in the open on sandy grass-veld ; the stems ranged

from 12 inches to 50 inches high ; leaves up to 3 ft. long. Those grow¬

ing in bush about twenty-two miles inland have practically no stem

showing above ground, the leaves are longer, running up to 5 ft.,

and the leaflets longer and narrower. The line of bush in which these

were found runs parallel with the sea-shore, and no plants were seen

farther than this from the coast, and no seed-cones were seen although

a thorough search was made. In the space of a mile I counted roughly

250 plants, in some parts so close together that it was impossible to

walk through the bush.”

This information is particularly valuable because it confirms the

sta^6men^ °f Aitken and Gale, published in the Supplement to

u e *h>ra Capensis, that plants of this species have in some localities

Wk** at m°8t a *eW “lc^es high.”

'V hen this species was described for the Flora Capensis I had seen only

the upper half of a leaf in the Natal Herbarium, and was unfortunately

not aware that living specimens had been sent to the Kirstenbosch

Botanic Garden. But the leaf material was sufficient to show that the

species was distinct, and the bright red cones amply confirm this view.

4

E% kosiensis differs from all others in that the middle leaflets show no

definite terminal lobe, but are equally lobed all round the top. The

gradual reduction of the lower leaflets to prickles is a good diagnostic

feature, other South African species showing the same character being

E. villosns Lem., E. Woodii Sander, and E. paucidentatus Stapf et

Burtt Davy. — J. Hutchinson.

Fig. 1, whole plant, showing habit, much reduced ; 2, basal part of leaf, showing

reduction of lower leaflets to prickles, x } ; 3, upper leaflets, x §; 4, one leaflet

from near the middle of the ieaf, x J ; 5, male cone, x J; 6, scale from male

cone, natural size ; 7, female cone, x | ; 8, scale and seeds, x f .

Tabula 3221.

FOCKEA CYLINDRICA R. A. Dyer.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Marsdenieae.

F. cylindrica R . A. Dyer in Kew Bull. 1933, 459 ; affinis F. eduli

(Thunb.) K. Schum. et F. crispae (Jacq.) K. Schum., ab ilia foliis

supra paullum glaucis, corollae segmentis linearibus 7-8 mm. longis,

coronae tubo quam corollae tubo breviore, ab hac foliis glabris et

paullum glaucis, ab ambabus corollae tubo cylindrico 4 mm. longo

differt.

Herba perennis, radice tuberosa magna. Caules perennes, sublig-

nosi, sparse ramosi ; rami annui, graciles, herbacei, minutissime

puberuli, usque ad 25 cm. longi vel verisimiliter longiores. Folia

opposita, brevissime petiolata, ovata vel oblongo- vel elliptico-ovata,

acuta vel acute apiculata, 1*6-2 cm. longa, 0*8-1 cm. lata, glabra,

supra paullum glauca, marginibus plus minusve undulatis. Flores

2-4-ni, in fasciculis axillaribus dispositi ; pedicelli 2 mm. longi, puberuli.

Calycis segmenta lanceolata, 2-2*5 mm. longa. Corolla extra dense

puberula, lobis intus glabris vel faucem versus puberulis ; tubus cylin-

dricus, 4 mm. longus ; lobi lineares, 7-8 mm. longi, in alabastro valde,

flore aperto minus tortis, marginibus revoluto-plicatis. Corona tubu-

losa, tubo ejus quam corollae tubo breviore, basi circiter 1 mm. cum hoc

conjuncta, intra appendicibus 5 filiformibus instructo ; lobi 5, triden-

tati, 3 mm. longi, dentibus 5 parvis alternis. Antherae breves, erectae,

membrana maxima elliptica hyalina terminatae.

South Africa. Albany Division : amongst karroid scrub on dry

flats, near Committees in the Fish River Valley, 20 miles from

Grahamstown, rare, Aug., Dyer 1635 (type).

The two species, Fockea edulis (Thunb.) K. Schum. and F. crispa

(Jacq.) K. Schum., to which F. cylindrica is most nearly allied, are

recorded under the names F. glabra Decne. and F. capensis Endl.

respectively in Dyer, FI. Cap. iv. sect. i. 779-780. The former specific

epithets have priority under the International Rules. Although

F . crispa has been in cultivation in the Imperial Garden at Schonbrunn

near Vienna for about 150 years, the native habitat was unknown

until 1906, when the late Dr. R. Marloth rediscovered it in the Prince

2

Albert Division (Kew Bull. 1909, 349). Since then it has been

collected in the same area by Miss Oosthuizen, who sent a large tuber

to the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, where it is now growing in the

Experimental Garden. A young plant presented to Kew by the Hon.

Mrs. A. D. Ryder during 1932 will probably prove to be this species.

F. cylindrica is known only from the single collection recorded above.

Duplicate material of the type is in the Albany Museum, Grahamstown.

R. A. Dyer.

Fig. 1, stem with leafy shoots, natural size ; 2, flowering branch, natural size ;

3, calyx, x 6 ; 4, corolla, x 4 ; 5, part of corona from within, x 6 ; 6, androecium,

x 8 ; 7, stamen from within, with pollinia removed, x 8 ; 8, caudicle and pollinia,

x 40 ; 9, gynoecium, x 8.

3222

Tabula 3222.

FOCKEA GRACILIS R. A. Dyer.

Asclepiadaceae. Tribus Marsdenieae.

F. gracilis R. A. Dyer in Kew Bull. 1933, 459; affinis F. sinuatae

(E. Mey.) Druce, a qua caulibus superne tortuosis, marginibus foliorum

minus undulato-sinuatis, coronae tubo lobis longiore differt.

Herba perennis, radice tuberosa. . Tuber plus minusve oblongum,

15-20 cm. crassum, radicibus paucis tenuibus instructum ; caudex

perennis, subterraneus, sparse ramosus, usque ad 20 cm. longus, circiter

1 cm. crassus, succulentus vel sublignosus. Caules annui, graciles,

superne tortuosi, 15-30 cm. longi, leviter carnosi, minute puberuli.

Folia sessilia, linearia, 2-3 cm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, supra minute

puberula, infra glabra, apice incurvata, acuta, marginibus undulato-

sinuatis reflexis vel revolutis. Flores axillares, 2-6-ni, in racemis

brevissimis dispositi vel fasciculati ; pedicelli 1-2 • 5 mm. longi, puberuli

Calycis segmenta anguste oblongo-lanceolata vel lineari-oblonga, 2 mm.

longa, sinubus glandulis singulis minutissimis ima basi instructis

Corolla campanulata extra puberula ; tubus 3-3*5 mm. longus ; lobi

lineares, 6-7 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati, obtusi, intus glabri vel sparse et

mmutissime puberuli, viridi-fusci. Corona tubulosa, 5 mm. longa

basi cum tubo corollae 1 mm. conjuncta ; tubus 3*5 mm. longus, ex

corollae tubo paullum exsertus, intra appendicibus 5 subulatis in¬

structs ; lobi 5, 1 *5 mm. longi, tridentati, dente medio quam laterali-

bus multo longiore. Antherae breves, erectae, membrana maxima

elliptica hyalina terminatae.

Sou™ Africa. Albany Division : amongst short Karroo bushes

on Dikkop Flats, 22 miles from Grahamstown, rare, March, R. A.

Dyer 1251 (type).

Up to the present time Fockea gracilis has been recorded only from

ie sing e locality cited above, an arid sandy plain in the Great Fish

er. Valjey, where the rainfall seldom exceeds 12 in. per annum and

occasionally is as low as 5 in. As would be expected, the vegetation

is decidedly karroid in habit, in fact the locality is at the south-eastern

unit of typical Karroo vegetation. The flowering stems of F. gracilis ,

which twine on the small bushes 6-12 in. high, are produced annually

from the underground perennial stock.

2

The species most closely allied to F. gracilis is F. sinuata (E. Mey.)

Druce (= F. undulala N. E. Br.). As far as records go, the latter is

known only from the Beaufort West and Prince Albert Divisions and

was last collected over 100 years ago.

As a rule, species of Fockea seem to be represented by comparatively

few individuals. All have tuberous rootstocks, which in some cases

attain a size of about 2 ft. in thickness, and as has been recorded on

more than one occasion previously, Bushmen, Hottentots and other

natives of Southern Africa make use of the tubers of certain species

as a source of food. No doubt certain animals such as baboons seek

Fockea species for the same reason. It is probable, therefore, that

this is an important factor in their distribution. Early colonists soon

learnt the value of Fockea tubers, and even up to the present day they

are sought and uprooted for the preparation of preserve (“ confeit ”).

Duplicate material of F . gracilis is in the National Herbarium,

Pretoria, and the Albany Museum Herbarium, Grahamstown.

R. A. Dyer.

Fiq. 1, flowering shoot with upper part of caudex, natural size ; 2, flower, x 3 ;

3, corona, from within, showing the tridentate lobes and the appendages, x 6 ;

4, androecium, x 8 ; 5, stamen, from within, with pollinia removed, x 8 ;

fl[ caudicle and pollinia, x 20 ; 7, gynoecium, x 8.

322 3

Tabula 3223.

STRYCHNOS TABASCANA Sprague et Saiidwith.

Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae.

S. (§ Longiflorae) tabascana Sprague et Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1927,

128 ; S. triplinerviae Mart, e Brasilia affinis, a qua foliis minus

coriaccis longius acuminatis, corollis longioribus gracilioribus sparsius

indutis, staminibus longius exsertis filamentis manifests, fauce glabra

differt ; a S. longissima Loes. corollae indumento valde diversa.

Frutex verisimiliter scandens ; ramuli annotini 2-3 mm. diametro,

pubescentes ; ramuli hornotini gracillimi, pubescentes ; internodia

3-4 • 5 cm. longa. Folia ovata, ovato-lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata,

acutissime acuminata, basi cuneata usque rotundata vel etiam leviter

cordata, 5-11*5 cm. longa, 2 *7-4 *8 cm. lata, utrinque costa nervisque

lateralibus breviter pilosa, mesophyllo marginibusque pilis raris induta,

nitidula, supra minute granuloso-punctulata, quintuplinervia, nervis

tertiariis conspicuis subparallelis ; petioli dense pubescentes, 3-5 mm.

longi. Inflorescentiae ramulos breves paria foliorum 1-3 gerentes

terminantes, et terminales et in axillis foliorum summorum, corymboso-

thyrsoideae ; pedunculi pubescentes, cymarum terminalium 3-9 mm.

longi, axillarium 8-12 mm. longi ; cymulae ultimae triflorae, flore

medio subsessili, lateralibus cum pedicellis dense pubescentibus 2-

mm. longis ; bracteae lineari-subulatae, dense pubescentes,

2-3*o mm. longae. Calycis segmenia subulato-lanceolata, extra pilosa

atque longe ciliata, circiter 3 mm. longa. Corolla gracilis, hypocrateri-

formis ; tubus fulvo-pilosulus, praeterea serie pilorum longorum

patente vel ascendente conspicua praeditus, intus basi ac apice excepto

albo-lanatus, 1-5-1-7 cm. longus, ad 1 mm. diametro; lobi demum

reflexi, lineari-oblongi, obtusi, ad 4 mm. longi, extra indumento tubi

praediti, intus cinereo-pulverulenti. Stamina summo tubo inserta,

tonspicue exserta ; filamenta 1*5-2 mm. longa, glabra; antherae

nim. longae. Ovarium glabrum, 0*75 mm. diametro ; stylus glaber,

r um st,1gmate capitato 2-2 • 1 cm. longus, igitur fere ad 4 mm. e corollae

fauce exsertus.

Mexico. Tabasco; San Sebastian, fl. Feb. 16, 1889, Rovirosa 361.

Ibis species belongs to a rather distinct group in the section

longiflorae , the members of which are characterised by terminal

2

inflorescences, by ascending pubescence on the young branchlets and

petioles, and by their leaves being more or less glabrous except for the

main nerves and for scattered hairs on the margins, and verruculose-

punctate above. Other members of this group, evidently allied to

S. tabascana , are S. panamensis Seem., S. cogens Benth. of British

Guiana (the flowers of which are still unknown), and S. triplinervia

Mart. — N. Y. Sandwith.

Fia. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, calyx, x 4 ; 3, corolla, laid open, x 4 ;

4, gynoecium, x 4.

Tabula 3224.

STRYCHNOS ASPERULA Sprague et Sandwith .

Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae.

S. (§ Longiflorae) asperula Sprague et Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1927,

131; S. rondeletioidi Spruce ex Benth. affinis, corollis haud pul-

verulentis fauce haud lanata, foliis minus coriaceis supra subtilissime

tantum reticulatis, nervis tertiariis inconspicuis differt.

Frutex scandens ; ramuli hornotini ascendentes, graciles, glabri;

annotini obtuse quadrangulares, dense lentieellati, cortice cinereo.

Folia ovata vel elliptica, acuminata, basi cuneata vel subrotundata,

8-10 cm. longa, 3*8-5 cm. lata, tenuiter coriacea, utrinque vix nitidula,

glabra, quintuplinervia, nervis tertiariis inconspicuis, sed rete venularum

elevato subtilissimo, supra punctis elevatis creberrimis asperula ;

petioli graciles, 4-8 mm. longi, 0*75-1 mm. lati. Injlorescentiae

terminates, dense corymboso-thyrsoideae, floribus fere sessilibus ;

pedunculi 1 *5-2*5 cm. longi, glabri; rhachis cum ramis suis acute

angulata, pubescens ; bracteae 1-2-5 mm. longae, connatae, ciliatae.

Calycis segmenta rotundato-ovata, obtusa, 0*75 mm. longa, ciliata.

Corolla ochroleuca, hypocrateriformis ; tubus utrinque glaber, 8*5 mm.

longus, 0*5-0*75 mm. diametro, fauce haud lanata ; lobi patentes vel

subreflexi, lineari-lanceolati, 2*5 mm. longi, obtusi, intus cinereo-

pulverulenti, praesertim marginibus ac apicem versus. Stamina in

fauce inserta, filamentis brevissimis ; antherae e fauce exsertae,

1*75 mm. longae. Ovarium ovoideo-ellipsoideum, glabrum, 1 mm.

longum, circiter 0*5 mm. diametro; stylus glaber, cum stigmate

capitato 1 cm. longus.

Brazil. Amazons basin : Rio Acre ; Seringal Sao Francisco, fl.

Sept. 1911, Vie 9838.

A well-marked species, clearly allied to S. rondeletioides Spruce ex

Benth., but easily distinguishable by the absence of wool at the throat

of the corolla and the other characters indicated in the diagnosis.

The glabrous tube of the corolla is an important feature which is

rare in tropical American species of the section Longi florae. It is

shared by two very interesting and distinct species recently described

by Dr. Ducke (Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Par. s&r. 2, iv. 745), from

2

the Amazons basin, which are represented in the Kew Herbarium.

Of these, S. trichostyla Ducke is immediately distinguished from

S. asperula by its axillary inflorescences and hairy style ; while

S. ramentifera Ducke differs in its leaves and its much longer stouter

corollas. A third new species of this section, S. divaricans Ducke,

with terminal inflorescences, is interesting since its tube is glabrous in

the lower half, and minutely papillose-tomentellous in the upper half ;

this again differs widely from S. asperula in characters of the foliage

and inflorescence. — N. Y. Sand with.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, portion of lower

surface of leaf, x 3; 3, calyx and bracteoles, x 8 ; 4, corolla, laid open, x 4 ;

5, gynoecium, x 4.

32ZS

Tabula 3225.

STRYCHNOS PEDUNCULATA (DC.) Benth .

Loganiaceae. Tribus Strychneae.

S. (§ Longiflorae) pedunculata (DC.) Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc.,

Bot. i. 105 (1857) ; Progel in Mart. FI. Bras. vi. pars i. 275 (1868) ;

Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1933, 397. Rouhamon pedunculatum DC. in

DC. Prodr. ix. 561 (1845). Strychnos Schomburgkiana Klotzsch in

Rich. Schomb. Reisen, iii. 1144 (1848), nomen. S. trinitensis Griseb.

FI. Brit. W. Ind. 407 (1861). — S. Mitscherlichii Rich. Schomb. (S.

smilacinae Benth. pro majore parte) affinis, foliis plerumque minoribus

firme chartaceis tantum vel vix coriaceis intricatius reticulatis,

rhachi ramisque inflorescentiae conspicue pubescentibus nec glabris,

calycis segmentis extra et pubescentibus et ciliatis differt.

Frutex scandens ; ramuli hornotini pubescentes vel glabrescentes.

Folia ovata usque elliptico-oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, breviter

obtuse acuminata, basi abrupte cuneata, 4-12 cm. longa, 2-6 cm. lata,

firme chartacea, vix subcoriacea, nitida, glabra, quintuplinervia,

utrinque intricate reticulata, supra haud granuloso-punctata ; petiolus

minute pubescens, demum glabrescens, usque 7 mm. longus. In -

Jlorescentiae axillares, usque 4-5 cm. longae, anguste thyrsoideae,

ubique conspicue pubescentes ; ramuli oppositi, horizontales vel

ascendentes, breves, vulgo cymis simplicibus trifloris terminati ;

bracteae 1*5-4 mm. longae, pubescentes; pedicelli 1-3 mm. longi.

Calycis segmenta inaequalia, ovata usque subanguste ovato-lanceolata,

ad 1*3 mm. longa, 0*6-1 mm. lata, obtusa, extra pubescentia atque

ciliata. Corolla alba, hypocrateriformis ; tubus gracillimus, 3-6 mm.

longus, extra minutissime papilloso-tomentellus, intus basi glabra

excepta pilosiusculus ; lobi vix 3 mm. longi, intus triente inferiore

dense lanati ceterum papilloso-tomentelli. Stamina in fauce sub lana

loborum inserta, subsessilia ; antherae inclusae. Ovarium glabrum ;

stylus cum stigmate capitato glaber, sub anthesi breviusculus.

British Guiana. Roraima, fl. Nov., Scliomburgh 482 (= 792B)

m Herb. Kew., Mus. Brit., Cantab., Paris., isotypus speciei. Cotinga

River, W. of Pirara, Richard Schomburgk sine nurnero in Herb. Kew.,

Cantab., sub nurnero 792 in Herb. Paris. Rupununi Savannahs,

2

Pirara, fl. Sept. 1931, Davis in Forest Department no. 2184, Herb. Kew.,

typus iconis ; a bush-rope in savannah forest, with sweet-scented

white flowers.

Trinidad. Caura, fl. Sept. 1849, Crueger in Herb. Kew., typus vel

isotypus S. trinitensis Griseb.

Mr. Davis’ material, from which the accompanying figure was drawn,

is of value, not only as the rediscovery of a rare species, but also as proof

that the corolla-tube may be much longer than described by Progel in

the Flora Brasiliensis from the Schomburgk material at Berlin. The

Kew specimens of Schomburgk 482 (= 792B) are equally short, being

about \\ lines (3 mm.) long ; but De Candolle originally described the

tube as 3 lines (6 mm.) long from material of the same collection at

Geneva. Even, however, with such short corollas before him, Progel

was quite unjustified in placing S. pedunculata in his section Rouhamon ,

since its corolla-tube is always longer than the lobes, and its affinity

is clearly with the species of the Longijlorae which bear axillary in¬

florescences. S. pedunculata was correctly placed in the Longijlorae

by Solereder in Engl. Pflanzenfam. iv. 2. 39 (1895), and this

writer also indicated the very close affinity of S. trinitensis Griseb.

Careful comparison of S. pedunculata and S. trinitensis fails to show

any characters by which they can be kept apart as distinct species.

N. Y. Sandwitii.

Figs. 1, 2, flowering branchlets, natural size; 3, flower, x 4 ; 4, calyx, x 4 ;

5, corolla, laid open, x 4; 6, gynoecium, x 4.

Tabula 3226.

SILENE ASTERIAS Griseb .

Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae.

S. Asterias Griseb. Spic. FI. Rumel. et Bithyn. i. 168 (1843) ; Boiss.

FI. Or. i. 654 (1867) ; Rohrbach, Monogr. Silene, 150 (1868) ; PanSitf,

FI. Princip. Serb. 166 (1874) ; Nyman, Consp. FI. Eur. 89 (1878), et

Suppl. 51 (1889) ; Velenovsky, FI. Bulg. 66 (1891) ; Rouy, Illustr.

PI. Eur. Rar. fasc. i. 2, t. 4 (1895) ; F. N. W illiams in Joum. Linn. Soc.,

Bot xxxii. 109 (1896) ; Giirke in Ricbter, PI. Eur. ii. 304 (1899) ; Beck

in Glasnik, xix. 20 (1907) ; Rev. Hortic. 1908, 111, fig. 35 ; Vandas,

Reliq. Formanek. 61 (1909) ; AdamovnS in Engl. u. Drude, Veget. der

Erde, xi. 82, 105, 367, 481, 500 (1909) ; Kosanin in Pros. Glasnika,

1910,' 28 ; KoSanin, Elem. Vlasinske Flore, seorsim impr. 28 (1910) ;

Degen ex Fritsch in Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Steiermark xlvi. 307 (1910) ;

Ko§anin in Glas. Srp. Kralj Akad. Beograd, lxxxv. 234 (1911) ; Aschers.

u. Graebn. Syn. FI. Mittel-Eur. v. 2, 156 (1921) ; Velenovsky, Reliq.

MrkviSk. 7 (1922) ; Stoyanofl et Stefanoff, Flor. Bulg. 378 (1924) ;

Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 272 (1924) ; Bornmiiller in Engl.

Bot. Jahrb. lix. 409 (1924). — Sapwwria Asterias Griseb. Reise durch

Rumelien und nach Brussa, ii. 110 (1841). — Ab S . compacto Friv.

duratione perenni, inflorescentia minore flor i bus paucioribus praedita,

pedunculo multo longiore facile distinguitur.

Ilerlxi perennis, glaber. Rliizoma repens, bre viter stoloniferum,

surculis sterilibus praeditum. Caules erecti, simplices, 5 *4-6 -2 dm.

alti, basi 6-8 mm. superne 1-4 mm. diametro, internodiis sursum

longioribus 4*5-20 cm. longis (pedunculo excepto) teretibus longi-

tudinaliter striatis sub nodis viscosis. Folia oblanceolata, vel suprema

elliptico-lanceolata, acuta vel ima obtusa, suprema bre viter acuminata ,

inferne gradatim angustata, basi in vaginam 5-12 mm. longam inter-

nodii basin libere amplectentcm connata, ima 6 cm. longa et 2 cm.

lata, media usque ad 16*4 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, suprema 6 cm.

longa et 1*8 cm. lata vel minora, laete virentia, integra vel parce

minute denticulata, costa nervisque supra inconspicuis infra sub-

prominentibus, nervis lateralibus e costa angulo valde acuto excur-

rentibus. Cyma terminalis, multi- (20-40-) flora, 3-3*5 cm. diametro,

capituliformis, floribus fere sessilibus ; bracteae exteriores involu-

crantes, ovato-lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, plus minusve scarioso-

2

membranaceae, apice attenuato- vel cuspidato-acuminatae, circiter

2 cm. longae et 0*8 cm. latae ; interiores lincari-lanceolatae, 4-5 mm.

longae vel breviores ; pedunculus 2-2*7 dm. longus. Calyx clavatus,

1*4 cm. longus, superne rubens, dentibus ovato-lanceolatis apice

subulato-attenuatis 3-4 mm. longis. Petala oblanceolato- vel oblongo-

spathulata, apice fere truncata vel crenulato-truncata, inferne in unguem

sensim attenuata, 1*2 cm. longa, 1*75 mm. lata, squamis coronae

2 brevissimis praedita. Stamina subinaequalia ; filamcnta alterna

petalis basi adnata, 8 et 10 mm. longa; antherae 1*5 mm. longae.

Ovarium cylindricum, 4*5 mm. longum, 1*75 mm. diametro ; styli

6*5 mm. longi ; carpophorum circiter 6 mm. longum. Capsula inferior

clavato-cylindrica, 6 mm. longa, dentibus 6 ovatis exsiccando superne

valde recurvis 1*5 mm. longis instructa ; carpophorum 5 mm. longum.

South Macedonia. Malka Nidje, west of Lake Ostrovo, 1350-

1500 in., Grisebach ; Pisoderion, 12 June 1932, 1230 m., swampy spots

in upland meadows in valley, very handsome deep crimson flowers,

Alston and Sandwith 811.

This very distinct species is endemic in the central parts of the Balkan

Peninsula. It appears to be fairly widespread in Bulgaria, having

been recorded from the Rila Dagh, Stara Planina, Sredna gora, Osogovo,

and Plana Planina. In Serbia it is known from Vlasina, Ostrozub,

and Kopaonik. In Northern Macedonia, Bornmuller found it on the

Gole§nica and Dudica Planinas and on Peristeri, while KoSanin lists

it from Jakupica. Alston and Sandwith’s specimens, quoted above,

are from the southern limit of the species, so far as known at present.

The records from Albania, Montenegro, and Hercegovina are doubtful.

Grisebach, in his Spicilegium, gives the habitat and locality as “ in

regione alpina Macedoniae : socialis in pratis humidis juxta rivulos m.

Nidg6 alt. 4400'-4870' (substr. marmor.) (unde descendit cum aquis

nonnunquam in regionem Pinus) ! FI. Jun.” In his Reise, ii. 166,

the plant is listed, in a footnote, as Saponaria Asterias nov. sp. Reading

pp. 163-174 of this most interesting book, it becomes clear that Grise¬

bach never crossed or climbed the Nidje (Nid2e or Nidge) Planina proper,

as the name is now applied, and which rises in Mt. Kaymakchalan

to 2549 m. (8284 ft.). He crossed the Malka Nidje, to the west of

Lake Ostrovo, from Zejjen (Chegan) to Cruscherat (probably Krusho-

grad). Grisebach’s specimen at Kew is written up “ Scardus,” but

this is certainly erroneous if, as is generally held, the name Scardus

should be accepted as synonymous with that of the Shar Planina.

S. Asterias appears to be limited to the zones from the damp upland

to the subalpine meadows, most often at between 1200 and 1700 m.

altitude, though Bornmuller records it from 1000 m. on the Dudica

Planina. No close relationship can be traced for the species except

that with S. compacta Fisch., which has a much wider distribution than

S. Asterias and is a commoner plant. The geographical ranges of the

two species overlap in Bulgaria and Macedonia, but that of S . Asterias

3

is on the whole the more north-western in the Balkan Peninsula.

S. compacta extends widely outside the Peninsula to Syria, Asia Minor,

and the Caucasus as well as northwards to the Banat and Transsilvania,

and within the Peninsula occurs generally at lower altitudes. Since

the perennial habit of S. Asterias is an important (i.e. a constant)

taxonomic character and is undoubtedly correlated with the habitat

conditions under which the plant grows, one may postulate an ecotypical

segregation of S. Asterias from the more widely spread S. compacta .

W. B. Turrill.

Fiq. 1, entire plant, xj; 2, lower part of plant, natural size ; 3, peduncle and

inflorescence, natural size ; 4, flower, x 2 ; 5, section of flower (calyx removed),

x 2 ; 6, petal and stamen, x 4 ; 7, gynoecium, x 6 ; 8, soaked capsule (calyx

opened), x 2 ; 9, seeds, x 12.

5227

Tabula 3227.

SILENE VENTRICOSA Adamovi6.

Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae.

S. ventricosa Adatrwvi6 in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lv. 180 (1905) ;

Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 278 (1924) ; a S. Roemeri Friv!

caulibus basi sublignescentibus, surculis foliiferis numerosis, calyce

pruinoso-puberulo distinguitur.

Herba perennis, basi caespitosa, multicaulis, caulibus inferne sub¬

lignescentibus ramulos steriles dense foliatos subrepentes edentibus,

floriferis erectis (15-)23-30 cm. altis simplicibus tenuibus dense

puberulis. Folia radicalia fere rosulata, elongato- vel spathulato-

obovata, obtusa vel leviter apiculata, in petiolum attenuata, 2-4*5 cm.

longa, 0*4-1 *5 cm. lata, utrinque dense puberula ; caulina diminuta,

remota, lineari-lanceolata vel fere linearia, acuta vel suprema attenuata'

basi 1*5 mm. connato-amplexicaulia, inferne longe ciliata, suprema

et albo-marginata et ciliata, 1-3*7 cm. longa, 1-5 mm. lata. Cyma

ovata, fere capitata, compacta vel imo tantum verticillastro remo-

tiusculo 2*3-3*6 cm. longa, 1*5 cm. dia metro ; bracteae ovatae^el

lanceolato-ovatae, in apicem attenuatae, 5-8 mm. longae, 1-5-3 mm

latee, puberulae, inferne praecipue ciliatae. Calyx ovatus, ventricoso-

infla,tus, pruinoso-puberulus, 10-nervius, usque ad 7 mm. longus

4 5 6 mm. diametro, dentibus obtusis vel subobtusis fere 2 mm longis

rune^mms a** Ut® “embranaceis ciliatis. Petaki alba, oblanceolato-

cuneata, 8 9-5 mm. longa, 2-25 mm. lata, unguibus valde ciliato-

arbatis, lamina biloba lobis 1-1 -5 mm. longis. Stamina (in floribus,?)

damentis 2-5-7 mm. longis hirsutis (inferne praecipue) antheris

lon&18 P^edita. Ovarium (in floribus ?) oblongum, circiter

. ' °n8um> \'5 mm- diametro, glabrum ; stigmata tria, 4-5 mm.

longa. G apsula (ex Adamomi) ovata, 4 mm. longa, 3 mm. diametro,

carpophoro incrassato circiter 1 mm. longo suffulta.

193->UTH Macedonia- Mountains above Pisoderion, 1850 m., 2 July

an j ’.,°n f-'ratllte rocks and in turf on summit ridges between Kibanitsa

m R i" ' uS°-slavian frontier, Alston and Sandwith 1096; in alpinis

\ at)a 1 lanina (loc. cl.), July 1904, O. Bierljach (Herb. Mus. Brit.).

, ALII''fW' Gramos Mts., bushy slope (sandstone), 1380 m., 27 June

• ■ • , Alston and Sandwith 1937 ; Ostrovice Range, on grassy sandstone

slopes, 2000 m., 4 July 1933, Alston and Sandwith 2079.

2

Adamovi<5 collected the type material of this species “ in graminosis

praealpinis et sulmlpinis montis Baba Planina Macedoniae australis. ”

Alston and Sandwith collected their first (1932) excellent flowering

material in what is essentially the southern part of the Baba Planina.

Later material, collected by them in 1933, came from farther west in

southern Albania. The 1932 material has only female flowers, whilst

both the 1933 numbers consist of plants with male flowers, that is

to say, the flowers have fully developed stamens but a reduced and

probably non-functional gynoecium.

Some of Adamovi6’s measurements do not tally with those obtained

from Alston and Sandwith’s material — notably the calyx, which is

given by him as “ 4-5 mm. longus, 3-5-4 mm. latus,” and the petals

as “ 5-6 mm. x 2 mm.” The new specimens show a greater range

in leaf shape and size, especially in maximum dimensions, than is

indicated in the original description. Adamovi<5 contrasts the species

with S. olyrnpica Boiss., a species from Asia Minor and not known from

the Balkan Peninsula. This belongs to the same group of the Oiiles

section as S. ventricosa , which appears to be at least as close morpho¬

logically to S. Roemeri Friv., a species widely spread through the

central parts of the Balkan Peninsula. Typical S. Sendtneri Boiss.

has entire petals (“ petalis . . . ovato-oblongis obtusis ”) but Beck

(Glasnik xviii. 21 : 1906) describes a var. (vel forma) emarginata with

emarginate petals from Bosnia, and similar material has been collected

in northern Albania. Indeed, I suspect that S. Roemeri , S. Sendtneri ,

S. ventricosa , and perhaps other members of the Otites group in the

Balkan Peninsula are not sharply distinguishable one from another,

although most specimens can be definitely placed. It is not possible

to determine the significance of this from a study of herbarium material

only. With regard to Thessalian material I am inclined to regard

Sintenis , Iter thessalicum 1896, No. 817b, from Mt. Zygos, as S. ventri¬

cosa Adamovid and Hausskneckt , Iter Graecum 1885, from Mt. Zygos,

above Metzovo, as either the same or as intermediate between S. ventri¬

cosa and S. Roemeri.

It should also be noted that Alston and Sandwith describe the calyx-

teeth as “ purple.” In their dried material from all three localities

the calyx-teeth and the upper parts of the calyx-tube, especially

on the adaxial sides, are of a deep reddish purple. Adamovi6 in the

original description of S. ventricosa says “ calyce . . . albido,” and

again “ calycis fabrica toto coelo abhorret,” and Bierbach’s material

in the British Museum (Natural History) herbarium agrees with these

statements. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, part of a plant, natural size ; 2, part of lower surface of leaf, x 8 ; 3, male

flower, x 4 ; 4, petal and stamen of male flower, x 4 ; 5, androecium and abortive

gynoecium of male flower, with one stamen removed, x 4 ; 6, female flower, x 4 ;

7, petal and staminode of female flower, x 4 ; 8, abortive androecium, and

gynoecium of female flower, x 4.

3228

Tabula 3228.

LYCHNIS SUBINTEGRA (Hayek) Turrill

Caryophyllaceae. Tribus Sileneae.

L. subintegra (Hayek) Turrill , status novus. Lychnis Cyrilli Degen

et Dorfl. in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. lxiv.

13 (1897) ; Stoyanoff in God. Sofij. Univ. xv.-xvi. 88 (1918-1920) ;

Velen. Reliq. Mrkviftk. 7 (Prague, 1922) ; nonRicht.exReichb.Icon.vi.

55 (1844). L. Flos-cuculi L. subsp. Cyrilli Velen. FI. Bulg. 57 (1891) ;

Vandas, Reliq. Formanek. 58 (1909). L. Flos-cuculi L. var. Cyrilli

Polak in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xliii. 379 (1893) ; Stoyanoff et Stefanoff,

FI. Bulg. 383 (1924). L. Flos-cuculi L. subsp. subintegra Hayek in

Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lxx. 14 (1921), in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien,

Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. xcix. 120(1924), etin Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan.

i. 288 (1924). L. Cyrilli Richt. ex Reichb. subsp. subintegra Bornra.

in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lix. 411 (1924). L. Flos-cuculi Hal. Consp. FI.

Graec. i. 151 (1900) pro parte, non L.— A L. Flos-cuculi L. petalis

albis vel pallide roseo-lilacino-suffusis multo brevioribus subintegris

leviter quadrilobatis recedit.

Herba perennis, erecta, usque ad 6-7 dm. alta, fere glabra. Caules

1-4, longitudinahter sulcati, angulis leviter retrorso-hispidis praecipue

infra nodos. Folia caulina basi in vaginam 0-5-3 mm. longam

connata, lineari-lanceolata vel lineari-oblanceolata, superne saepissime

angustata, apice subobtusa, basi abrupte leviter angustata, sessilia

lnfenora 3-6-5 cm. longa et 0-5-1 -2 cm. lata, superiora gradatim

breviora angustioraque et in bracteas transeuntia, costa prominente

nervis lateralibus indistinctis. 1 njlorescenlia 3-multiflora; pedicelli

usque ad 4 • 6 cm. longi, plerumque multo breviores ; bracteae inferiores

anguste lineares, superiores lanceolatae, acutae, margine ciliatae et

plus minusve membranaceae. Calyx anguste campanulatus, 0-9 cm.

longus, apice 0-6 cm. diametro, dentibus ovato-triangularibus 3 mm.

ongm et usque ad 2*75 mm. latis margine membranaceis glanduloso-

( l latis. Petala alba, squamis coronae pallide lilacinis exceptis, vel

pa K(» roseo-lilacino-suflusa, circiter 1-2-1 -6 cm. longa, lamina

> b mm. lata leviter quadrilobata ; squamae coronae lanceolatae,

valde acutae vel acuminatae, 2-3 mm. longae, plus minusve dentatae.

Stamina 9 (an semper ?), filamentis 5-7 mm. longis, antheris 1-75 mm.

Jongis. Ovarium elongato-ellipsoideum, 4 mm. longum, 2-5 mm.

2

diametro ; styli 5, 4 • 5 mm. longi ; gynophorum 1 mm. longum. Capsula

anguste ellipsoideo-ovoidea, 9 mm. longa, 4 mm. diametro, dentibus 5

anguste triangularibus 1 • 5 mm. longis instructa ; carpophorum 1 • 5 mm.

longum. Semina complanata, reniformia vel suborbicularia, tubercu-

lata.

Thessaly. Pindus tymphaeus, Said Pascha, in prat, humidis,

9 July 1896, Sintenis 814.

Albania. District of Moskopole, west of Kor$e : Moskopole,

1170 m., wet meadow, July 1933, Alston and Sandwith 2019.

North Macedonia. In locis paludosis prope Allchar, 16 June 1893,

Dorfler 78.

South Macedonia. Armensko, in meadows and hayfields in the

bottom of the valley, 1000 m., 2 June 1932, Alston and Sandwith 621.

Bulgaria. In pratis ad Dragalevtzi non procul a Sofia, 24 May

1915, Stoyanoff.

Lychnis Cyrilli Richt. ex Reichb. was named (p. 55) and figured

(t. cccvi. fig. 5129b) in Reichenbach’s leones in 1844 and described

(in synonymy) by Rohrbach in Linnaea xxxvi. 182 (1869). It is said

in these publications to grow near Tergestum (Trieste), in Sicily, near

Idria, and near Belgrade. Specimens at Kew are from “ near Rome,”

“ Napoli (nella valle di S. Rocco),” and Corsica. It is characterized

chiefly by its slender pedicels, and Briquet (Prodr. FI. Corse, i. 565 :

1910) will not sustain it even as a variety of L. Flos-cuculi L. Degen

and Dorfler were apparently the first authors to associate, wrongly,

the plant here figured and described with L. Cyrilli Richt. ex Reichb.

Under one or another combination the epithet Cyrilli has been used by

many authors writing on the flora of the Balkan Peninsula, even since

Hayek pointed out its inaccuracy in 1921.

Some justification must be given for raising Hayek’s subspecies to

full specific rank. In addition to the specimens quoted above, all of

which are in the Herbarium at Kew, the following records may be

accepted as most probably representing our plant : NidSe-Gebirge :

zwischen Al§ar und dem Tribor, auf feuchten Wiesen, 800-1000 m.

(25 Juni 1918 ; Scheer), and Peristeri-Gebiet : bei Dolenci, auf Wiesen

haufig, 800 m. (Juni 1918 ; Gross n. 225), recorded by Bornmiiller in

Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lix. 411 (1924). Albania : in pratis montanis inter

Trektani et Kruma, ca 600-700 m. s.m., leg. Dorfler, recorded by

Hayek in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lxx. 14 (1921). Bulgaria: Wiesen

bei Knezewo, recorded by Polak in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xliii. 379

(1893) ; Kamenicki Alcek in mt. Rh. Bg. (xi. 95), recorded by Vandas,

Reliq. Formanek. 58 (1909) ; and Belasitza Planina, in a damp meadow,

near the village of Gabrovo, with flowers 23*7*1917, recorded by

Stoyanoff in God. Sofij. Univ. xv.-xvi. 88 (1918-1920). It will be

noticed that the plant is limited, so far as is known, to the Balkan

Peninsula, where it occupies a fairly extensive but relatively continuous

area in the central parts including Thessaly, Albania, North and South

3

Macedonia, and western Bulgaria (with the Rodopes). Lychnis Flos-

cuculi L. has, of course, a much wider general distribution, but one

which probably overlaps that of L. subintegm in the Balkan Peninsula.

It is agreed that the morphological characters distinguishing L. sub¬

integm from L. Flos-cuculi are few, and might, indeed, be correlated

with a single gene difference or at most a few gene differences. On

the other hand Sandwith and Alston have informed the writer in very

definite terms that L. subintegm forms an entity most distinct in the

field, in southern Albania and South Macedonia, from L. Flos-cuculi,

with' which they never found it associated. In addition to the charac¬

ters noted in the differential diagnosis, it seems, from dried material,

that the texture of the petals may be thicker in L. subintegm than in

L Flos-cuculi. Alston and Sandwith also noted that the petal laminae

lie in a markedly flat plane in the living flowers. It is uncertain from

available material if the short gynophore, slightly extended as a

carpophore in the fruit, has any real diagnostic value. The known

distribution and the field evidence suggest that a status higher than

that of variety should be given to our plant. This is not the place to

enter upon a discussion of the ambiguous term “ subspecies ” and it

must suffice to point out that those who wish to retain L. subintegm

within the species L. Flos-cuculi can use Hayek’s combination.

W. B. Turrill.

Fio. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, calyx, x 3 ; 3, petal, x 3 ; 4, androecium and

gynoecium, x 3 ; 5, oalyx and capsule, x 2 ; 6, seed, x 16.

6229

Tabula 3229.

STACHYS SERBICA Pant.

Labiatae. Tribus Stachydeae.

S. serbica Paul f. FI. Princip. Serb. 563-4 (1874) ; Nyman Consp. FI.

Eur. 579 (1881) ; Hausskn. in Mitt. Tliiir. Bot. Yer. N. F. xi. 43 (1897) ;

Hal. Consp. FI. Graec. ii. 531 (1902) ; Podpera in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges.

Wien, lii. 672 (1902) ; Degen in Math. u. Naturw. Ber. Ungarn, xix.

369 (1904) ; Stoyanoff et Stefanoff, Flor. Bulg. 949 (1925) ; Hayek,

Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. ii. 301 (1929) ; a S. htrta L. et S. arvensi L.

floribus capitatis vel inflorescentia verticillastris perpaucis praedita

differt ; a priore corolla purpurea, a posteriore calycis dentibus longi-

oribus angustioribus facile distinguitur.

Ilerba annua, 7—30 cm. alta. Cauhs erectus, simplex vel inferne

raraosus, tetragonus, subpatule reflexo-hirsutus, praecipue infra nodos.

Folia oblongo-ovata vel raro ovata, obtusiuscula, parum cordata,

1 *3-3-5 cm. longa, 0*8-2 cm. lata, manifeste crenato-dentata, dentibus

obtusiusculis in foliis floralibus paullo acutioribus, utrinque adpresse

vel subadpresse hirta, nervis in pagina superiore inconspicuis, in pagina

inferiore prominentibus, inferiora petiolo usque ad 2*8 cm. longo

patule hirsuto, superiora petiolo gradatim breviore, folia verticil last ros

subtendentia petiolo 1-3 mm. longo instructa. Verticillastra terminalia

2-l()-flora, capitulum subglobosum formantia, verticillastris inferioribus

saepe nullis interdum 5-7-floris ; bracteae lanceolatae vel anguste

lanceolatae, acute attenuatae, demuin spinulosae vel subspinulosae,

8-9*5 mm. longae, 1*75-3 mm. longae, longe pilosae. Calyx tubuloso-

campanulatus, extra pilosus, 1*3 cm. longus, dentibus oblongo-lanceo-

latis superne sensim angustatis apice spinuloso-acuminatis 6 mm. longis

basi 1*75-2 mm. latis utrinque pilosis, fructifer accretus, rigidulus,

campanulatus, crebre nervulosus, dentibus rigidis subpatentibus leviter

recurvis spinescentibus. Corolla purpurea, 1 *7 cm. longa, tubo anguste

cylindrico 1*1 cm. longo fauce leviter ampliato breviter pubescente,

a >us extra pubescentibus ; labium superius ellipticum, 4 mm. latum,

mterdum leviter emarginatum ; labium inferius trilobatum lobo medio

ere ^ mrn- lato lobis lateralibus fere 2 mm. latis. Filamenta adaxialia

l lnm*» abaxialia 3 mm. longa, glabra vel fere glabra. Stylus 1 *4 cm.

A^n^US’ 8UI)erne praecipue latere abaxiali pubescens, inferne glaber.

Nuculae compresso-trigono-ovatae, 3*75 mm. longae, 2*5 mm. diametro,

casta neo-fuscae.

2

Thessaly. Agrapha (Dolopia veterum) : in reg. infer, m. Pindi

circa monasterium Korona, in nemorosis quercinis alt. 1080-1140 m.

substratu schistoso, Junio 1885, Haussknecht.

Albania. District of Gjinokastre, above Gjinokastre, June 1933,

770 m., open stony slopes of Mali Gjer, usually around low bushes,

Alston and Sandwith 1544 ; Qajup (Mali Lunxheries), June 1933,

1230 m., stony bush ground by the meadow, Alston and Sandwith 1576 ;

Nemer^ka Range, above Biovishde, 1400 in., June 1933, Alston and

Sandwith 1849 ; above Leskovik, June 1933, 1230 m., bare rocky

limestone slopes of Melesin, Alston and Sandwith 2250 ; Moskopole,

west of Kor^e, 1400 m., June 1933, stony sandstone bush slopes near

the Hagios Prodromos Monastery, Alston and Sandwith 2007.

North Macedonia. Troi'aci, near Prilep, May 1917, T. Nikoloff.

South Macedonia. Pisoderion, stony slopes in open beech-woods

near Hagia Trias Monastery, very local, 1230 m., Alston and Sandwith

584.

Bulgaria. In aridis calcareis ad Karaseli, Maio 1926, N. Stoyanojf.

Serbia. Alexinatz, waechst auf Aeckern, April 1870, Pan&io .

Stachys serbica is a very distinct species endemic in a fairly well-

marked area practically in the centre of the Balkan Peninsula. In

addition to the localities given above, PodpSra records the species

from a light oak-wood on dry forest soil northwards of Haskovo, in

South Bulgaria. Although it is morphologically nearest to S. arvensis

L. (Glecorna arvensis L.) it is certainly not a mere doubtful segregate

from this. Rather it appears to be a relict type of natural open wood¬

lands whose widespread destruction by man in the Balkan Peninsula

may well have reduced and restricted the area of distribution of

S. serbica in an artificial manner, and may certainly be a cause of its

relative rarity within the known contours of its present territory. It

may be noted that while Pan£i6 records the plant “ auf Aeckern ”

(label in Herb. Kew.), most other collectors whose labels or records

have been traced describe the habitat as forest of oak or beech.

W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, part of leaf, lower surface, x 4 ; 3, bract, x 3 ;

4, calyx, x 3 ; 5, anterior half of corolla, x 3; 6, posterior half of corolla, with

stamens, x 3; 7, gynoecium, x 3 ; 8, ovary, x 12 ; 9, nutlet, x 4.

_

Tabula 3230.

MICROMERTA FORMOSANA Marquand.

Labiatae. Tribus Saturejeae.

M. formosana Marquand ; species nova inter asiaticas distinctissima,

a M. Wardii Marquand et Airy-Shaw habitu multo breviore ramoso,

foliis minoribus, calyce corollaque multo minoribus, bracteolarum

absentia recedens.

lierba perennis, usque 12 cm. alta. Cattle* erecti vel adscendentes,

ramosi, teretes, rubro-purpurascentes, sparse crispule pubescentes.

Rosula basalts nulla. Folia caulina petiolata, ovata, subobtusa, basi

subcuneata, usque 7 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata, supra scaberula, utrinque

glandulis depressis punctata ; petioli 2-3 mm. longi, scaberuli. In-

Jlorescentiae pauciflorae, caulem et ramulos laterales terminantes ;

bracteae foliiformes ; bracteolae nullae ; pedicelli graciles, puberuli,

vix 1 mm. longi. Calyx cylindrico-infundibularis, purpurascens,

puberulus, 2 *5-3 mm. longus, fauce 1 mm. diametro, glandulis numerosis

minutis sessilibus aureo-nitentibus obsitus, fauce pilis longis albis

praeditus ; dentes quinque, ovato-deltoidei, subacuti, usque 1 mm.

longi. Corolla pallide violacea, 5-7 mm. longa, extra pubescens*

glandulis paucis minutis sessilibus aureo-nitentibus vel hyalinis obsita,

labio superiore ovato bilobato circiter 2-5 mm. diametro, labio inferiore

trilobato lobis subrotundatis circiter 1-5 mm. diametro. Stamina

didynama, anteriora labio superiore subbreviora, posteriora faucem

tubi vix superantia ; filamenta glabra ; antherarum lobi divaricati.

Discus aequalis. Ovarium breviter quadrilobatum. Nuculi ellipsoideo-

oblongi, laeves, vix 0*5 mm. longi. Stylus filiformis, 8 mm. longus.

F ormosa. Described from a living plant grown in the Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, from seed received from Mr. K. Yashiroda (No. 31).

This is the only species of Micromeria known from the island of

Formosa. — C. V. B. Marquand.

Ho. 1, part, of plant, natural size ; 2, upper surface of leaf, showing glands and

hairs, x 6 ; 3, flower w ith subtending bract, lateral view', x 4 ; 4, flower, front

\a*w\ x 4; 5, calyx, x 8 ; 6, interior of calyx, and gynoecium, x 8 ; 7, anterior

part of corolla (flattened out), showing insertion of stamens, x 8 ; 8, posterior part

of corolla, x 8; 9, anther, ventral view, x 16; 10, anther, dorsal view, x 16;

11, lower part of gynoecium and disk, x 16.

—

6231

Tabula 3231.

HOMOPHOLIS BELSONII C. E . Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Panice ae.

Homopholis C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bulletin, 1934, 126 ; genus

LeptoUmati Chase affine, sed gluma inferiore spiculae aequilonga vel

paullo breviore arete 7-nervi, anthoecio supero infero multo breviore

lemmate superiore apice calloso differt.

Spiculae omnes similes, dorso anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceo-

latae, acutae, muticae, dorso compressae, abaxiales, solitariae, longe

pedicellatae, demuni totae a pedicellis persistentibus disarticulatae,

in ramis longis gracillimis paniculae ortae. Anthoecia duo ; inferum

sterile, ad lemma et paleam minutam redactum ; superum £, infero

multo brevius. Glumae similes, spiculae aequilongae vel inferior vel

ambae paullo breviores, lineari- vel anguste oblongo-lanceolatae et

obtusae (explanatae), crebre et prominenter 7-nerves herbaceae

marginibus angustis hyalinis ; gluma inferior dorso plana, superior

dorso leviter convexa. Anthoecium inferum : lemma spiculae aequi-

longum vel paullo brevius, ambitu anguste lanceolatum, sub-

acuminatum, marginibus superne involutis, apice obtusum,. dorso

planum, explanatum glumae superiori simile ; palea minuta, biloba

ve emargmata, hyalina. Anthoecium superum anguste elliptico-

o longum, subapiculatum : lemma late ellipticum (explanatum), apice

callosum, tenuiter 5-7-nerve, laeve, chartaceum, marginibus latis

tenuibus planis ; palea lemmati aequilonga, acuta, dorso plana, 2-nervis,

marginibus late inflexis. Lodiculae duae, minutissimae. Stamina

tria ; antherae lineares. Ovarium glabrum ; styli distincti, terminales ;

stigmata plumosa, ex apice anthoecii exserta. Caryopsis anguste

elhpsoidea, inter lemma et paleam arete inclusa ; scutellum circiter

junndiam partem caryopsis aequans ; hilum basale. — Gramen perenne,

^axe caespitosum ; culmi multinodes ; laminae lineares, planae ; ligulae

ar)ni?lter .mem^ranaceae i panicula laxissima ; rami longi, plerumque

superne 3-1-spiculati ; pedicel li solitarii ; spiculae fere

Species unica, Queenslandiae incola.

H. Belsonii C. E. Hubbard , l.c. 127. Culmi erecti vel plerumque

tfeniculato-ascendentes, nonnunquam e basi prostrata nodis inferioribus

2

radicantibus, usque ad 40 cm. alti, gracillimi, teretes, basin versus laxe

ramosi, rigidiusculi, usque ad 9-nodes, straminei, glabri laevesque.

Folia glabra; vaginae plerumque internodiis longiores, teretes, arete

appressae vel demum laxae, laeves ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 • 5 mm.

longae ; laminae basi ieviter contractae, acutae, usque ad 8 cm.

longae, plerumque 2-2*5 mm. latae, subglaucae, minute scaberulae.

Panicula valde effusa, ambitu latissime obovata vel demum latissime

elliptica, tandem a culmo disarticulata, usque ad 25 cm.longa et 20 cm.

lata ; axis primarius gracillimus, strictus, angulatus et Ieviter sulcatus,

minute scaberulus ; rami numerosi, stricti, rigidiusculi, oblique patentes,

demum horizontaliter patentes vel Ieviter deflexi, solitarii vel 2-3 ap¬

proximate applanati vel subtriquetri, marginibus scabridis, basi in

axillis minute pubescentes, inferiores usque ad 15 cm. longi, superiores

gradatim breviores ; pedicelli ramis similes, 1*3-6 cm. longi, apice

subdiscoidei. Spiculae 4*5-6 mm. longae, atro-virides. Gluma inferior

basi serie pilorum minutissimorum praedita, nervis superne scaberulis ;

gluma superior inter nervos pilis minutissimis rigidis instructa ; inter-

nodium rhachillae inter glumas usque ad 0*5 mm. longura. Lemma

anthoecii inferi glumae superiori simile vel fere glabrum ; palea circiter

0*5 mm. longa. Lemma anthoecii super i usque ad 3 mm. longum.

Antherae 1*5 mm. longae. Caryopsis 2 mm. longa.

Queensland. Darling Downs District : head of Dogwood Creek,

east of Gurulmundi, November 1930, Belson.

Homopholis is most closely allied to Leptoloma Chase, a genus repre¬

sented in North America by L. cognaium (Schult.) Chase and in Northern

Australia by L. papposum (R.Br.) Hughes. Leptoloma cognaium and

Homopholis Belsonii are indeed very similar in general appearance, but

the well-developed lower glume and comparatively small fertile floret

of the latter readily distinguish it. The same characters and in ad¬

dition the paniculate inflorescence serve to separate Homopholis from

Digitaria Hall. In both leptoloma and Ligitaria the lower glume is

very small or suppressed.

This species commemorates Mr. E. H. Belson, who, whilst engaged on

a land-survey, rendered considerable assistance to the writer in collecting

grasses in the Leichhardt District of Queensland. The name Homo¬

pholis was given in allusion to the three similar scales of the spikelet.

C. E. Hubbard.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2 and 3, spikelet, front and back views respectively,

x 8 ; 4, upper glume, x 8 ; 5, lower lemma, x 8 ; 6, palea of lower tloret, x 1(5 ;

7, upper floret, x 8 ; 8, flower, x 16 ; 9, caryopsis, x 10.

SR-C.

Tabula 3232.

ORYZA ATJSTRALIENSIS Domin .

Gramineae. Tribus Oryzeae.

0. australiensis Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 333 (1915) ;

Roshev. in Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. & Pl.-Breed. xxvii. pt. 4, 45, 125,

figs. 17b, 32, 33 (1931) ; Chevalier in Rev. Bot. Appl. et Agric. Trop.

xii. 1016 (1932). 0. saliva F. Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral, viii. 115

(1873) et l.c. xi. 130 (1882) ; Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 550(1878) ; Maiden,

Usef. Nat. PI. Austral. 49 (1889); F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. vi. 1844

(1902), et Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 612 (1913) ; Ewart & Davies,

FI North. Territ. 41 (1917) ; omnes partim, non Linn.— Species affinis

O. sativae Linn. var. fatxiae Prain, sed perennis, ligulis brevioribus,

paniculae ramis et pedicellis scabrido-ciliolatis, gluniis majoribus,

lemmatis arista graciliore subcapillari, palea apice cuspidata differt.

Descriptio hie emendata.

Gramen perenne, usque ad 1*6 m. altum ; rhizomata repentia,

gracilia, usque ad 3 mm. diametro, multinodia, glabra, cataphyllis

brevibus papyraceis glabris obtecta. Cxdmi fasciculati, erecti vel

ascendentes, validi, teretes, simplices, 4-5-nodes, glabri laevesque.

Foliorum vaginae intemodiis longiores, usque ad 45 cm. longae, laeves,

glabrae vel *>re pilis paucis rigidiusculis pilosae ; ligulae 3-6 mm.

longae, apice totundatae demum laceratae ; laminae lineares, in acumen

tenue attcnuatae, usque ad 65 cm. longae et 1*7 cm. latae, planae vel

conduplicatae, firmae, glabrae vel ligulam versus pilis brevibus sparsis

pilosae, supra scaberulae, subtus laeves, marginibus cartilagineis

scaberrimae. Panicula laxa, oblonga, e vagina summa demum

exserta, 20-45 cm. longa, multiramosa ; rhachis basin versus laevis vel

leviter scaberula, superne angulata et scaberrima ; rami graciles, in

axillis pubescentes, angulati, valde scabrido-ciliolati, inferne ramulis

brevibus vel simplices, laxe vel dense spiculati, usque ad 25 cm. longi,

lnferiores subverticillati ; pedicelli inaequales, 1-8 mm. longi, scabrido-

ciliolati. Spiculae oblongae, oblique acuminatae, 6-7*5 mm. longae,

albidae, stramineae vel demum fuscae. Glumac suborbiculares, circiter

0*5-0* 8 mm. longae, tenuiter membranaceae, enerves. Lemmata

steriha lanceolata vel anguste ovata (explanata), acuta, 1 *5-2*5 mm.

longa, coriacea, laevia. Lemma fertile oblongum, in aristam flexuosain

capillarem usque ad 4*5cm.longam oblique attenuatum, cartilagineum,

2

prominenter 5-nerve, inter nervos depressum, subtiliter granuloso-

striatum, leviter rugulosum, nervis et carinis pilis rigidis minutis erectis

praeditum. Palea lineari-lanceolata, cuspidata (cuspide usque ad

2*5 mm. longa), carina pilis rigidis minutis scabrido-ciliolata. Antherae

3* 5-4* 5 mm. longae. Caryopsis oblonga, 4-5 mm. longa.

Northern Australia. Sturt's Creek, Mueller (type).

Queensland. Burke District : Normanton, Wildash. Cook Dis¬

trict : Georgetown, May 1914, Green ; Gilbert River, Feb. 1922, White

1473 ; Forest Home Station, Gilbert River, 1931, Brass 1885 ; without

precise locality, Pollock.

Domin, when describing Oryza australiensis y stated that his descrip¬

tion was based on specimens collected by Mueller at Sturt’s Creek.

This type material is in the Kew Herbarium. It consists of four

specimens, each without the base. Three of the four represent the same

species and are taken as the type of 0. australiensis Domin ; the fourth

specimen, however, is a wild variety of the cultivated rice (= 0. saliva

L. v&r.fatua Prain). The measurements of the ligule of the latter were

unfortunately included in the original description of 0. australiensis.

This accounts for the length of that organ being given as 5 to 20 mm.,

whereas it is only 3 to 6 mm. long. The presence of two wild rices at

Sturt’s and Hooker’s Creeks was noted by Mueller (Fragm. Phyt.

Austral, viii. 115), who stated that there were two varieties, one with

larger spikelets and stouter awns and the other with almost capillary

awns and a long-cuspidate palea. These are some of the characters

which distinguish 0. saliva L. var. fatua Prain from 0. australiensis

Domin.

The perennial habit of 0. australiensis was unknown until Mr. L. J.

Brass collected an excellent series of specimens at Forest Home Station

on the Gilbert River. These show a well-developed system of rhizomes.

There seems no doubt that Stapf's interpretation of the structure of

the spikelet of Oryza is correct, at least so far as the glumes and sterile

lemmas are concerned (see Hook. f. in Trimen, FI. Ceyl. v. 182 : 1900,

and A. Arber, The Gramineae, 184 : 1934). The glumes in 0. australiensis ,

although very small, are larger and more distinct than in any other

species of Oryza. They are free from each other, the lower glume being

usually slightly larger, whilst its margins at the base overlap those of the

upper. The internode of the rhachilla is slightly produced above the

glumes and can be readily seen between them.

Roshevicz (Bull. Appl. Bot. Genet. & Pl.-Breed. xxvii. pt. 4, 125 :

1931) points out that none of the diagnostic characters seen in Oryza

australiensis Domin are met with in any of the cultivated rices, and on

this account he supposes that it has played no part in the formation of

any varieties or groups of cultivated rice.

Oryza australieims probably occurs along rivers and creeks and in

swamps throughout northern Australia. In Australian literature it is

usually referred to as a wild form of 0. saliva L. or placed under that

3

species. Mueller (Fragm. Phyt. Austral, viii. 1 15) records it from Sturt’s

and Hooker’s Creeks ; later (l.c. xi. 130) he states that it is spontaneous

and abundant in the Einasleigh and Herbert Rivers, where it was col¬

lected by Armit. Cowley (Queensl. Agric. Journ. i. 236 : 1897) writes

that he has seen the native wild rice of Queensland and that enormous

flocks of wild geese indigenous in Northern Queensland build their

nests in places adjacent to the depressions where the rice grows, choosing

the time when the grain will be ready as food for their offspring. F. M.

Bailey first refers to the wild rice in a list of Queensland grasses pub¬

lished in 1877. He mentions that his only specimen is from Mr. Gulliver,

Normanton. In the Queensland Flora, vi. 1844, Bailey points out that

it is common in the Gulf Country swamps and that the stockholders

there consider it an excellent fodder. Later (Compreh. Cat. Queensl.

PI. 612) he notes that two forms of wild rice are met with in the tropical

swamps of Queensland, one having dark- and the other light-coloured

inflorescences. The latter is without doubt 0. auslraliensis , whilst the

former may be more mature specimens of that species or specimens of

0. sativa L. var .fatua Prain. — C. E. Hubbard.

Fig. 1, entire plant, excluding 6 cm. of culm, x j ; 2, ligule, x 3 ; 3, spikelet,

with portion of awn removed, x 6 ; 4, 5 and 6, glumes, x 12 ; 7 and 8, sterile

lemmas, x 6 ; 9, stamens, x 6; 10, gynoeeium, x 16 ; 11, caryopsis, x 6.

cT £ 33

Tabula 3233.

LEPTURUS GEMINATUS C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Leptureae.

L. geminatus C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis L. repenti (Forst.)

R.Br., sed foliis plerumque pilosis, spicis submoniliformibus breviori-

bus, spiculis per paria oppositis oblongis vel lanceolato-oblongis, gluma

superiore longiaristata dorso convexa minute pubescente differt.

Gramen perenne, usque ad 60 cm. altum. Culmi e basi longa pro-

cumbente ascendentes vel suberecti et laxe caespitosi, compressi,

rigidiusculi, ramosi, 4-6-nodes, glabri vel internodio supremo pilosi,

laeves vel nodos versus minute scaberuli. Folia pilis debilibus e

tuberculis minutis ortis laxe vel sparse pilosa vel fere glabra ; vaginae

laxae, tenues, internodiis breviores, compressae et carinatae, minute

scaberulae ; ligulae truncatae, brevissimae ; laminae lineares, tenuiter

acutae, usque ad 18 cm. longae et 5 mm. latae, planae vel siccitate

convolutae, tenues, subglaucae, leviter scaberulae. Spica submonili-

formis, gracilis, 2-4*5 cm. longa (aristis inclusis), viridis ; rhacbis

articulata, internodiis valde compressis 5-6*5 mm. longis circiter

2 ram. latis et 0*75 mm. crassis, lateribus canaliculatis minute

pubescentibus. Spiculae per paria oppositae (spicula terminali excepta),

uni florae ; callus minute et dense pubescens. Gluma inferior in spicula

terminali glumae superiori similis, in spiculis lateralibus nulla ; gluma

superior oblonga vel lanceolato-oblonga, acuminata, 5-6 mm. longa,

apice in aristam 1—1*7 cm. longam scaberulam products, dorso leviter

convexa, minute et dense pubescens, coriacea, arete multinervis.

Anthoecium ellipticum : rhachilla products, anthoecium rudimentarium

gerens : lemma ovato-ellipticum et obtusum vel minute truncatum

(explanatum), 4-4*3 mm. longum, 3-nerve, membranaceum, inter

nervos laterales et margines et apicem versus minute pubescens ; palea

o ) longa, obtusa, lemma subaequans, 2-nervis, carinis superne ciliolatis;

antlierae 2 mm. longae.

Queensland. Cook District: Thursday Island, April 1931,

Hoc kings.

tour species of Lepturus are now recorded from Australia. They are

the following : 1. Lepturus geminatus C. E. Hubbard ; 2. L. repens

2

(Forst.) R.Br. (Northern Australia, Queensland, Polynesia, Malaya,

Ceylon, Mascarene Islands and East Africa ; on sea-shores) ; 3. L. xero-

philus Domin (Queensland ; Cook District) ; 4. L. cylindricus (Willd.)

Trin. (Mediterranean Region ; introduced into Australia, South Africa,

North America, etc.). Lepturus incurvatus (L.) Trin. (Benth. FI.

Austral, vii. 668) is now referred to the genus Pholiurus. The following

key is given to assist in identifying the Australian species : —

Spikelets paired and opposite on each internode of the rhachis ; spikes

constricted between the pairs of spikelets ; upper glume long-awned

(awn 10-17 mm. long), minutely pubescent . 1. L. geminaius.

Spikelets usually solitary or most of them solitary on each intemode of

the rhachis ; spikes more or less cylindrical ; upper glume tapering into

an awn up to 8 mm. long, or awnless, scaberulous or smooth :

Perennial ; upper glume lanceolate, acuminate, usually awned :

Spikelets usually 1 -flowered ; upper glume 6-14 mm. long ; lemma

4*5-5 mm. long; leaf-blades up to 20 cm. long and 4-10 mm.

wide; spikes 5-15 cm. long, very stiff and rigid . . . 2. L. repens.

Spikelets 2-flowered ; upper glume 4-6 mm. long ; lemmas

2*8-3 mm. long ; leaf-blades 2* 5-5 cm. long and 3*5-5 mm. wide ;

spikes 5-7 cm. long, becoming flexuous . 3. L. xerophilus.

Annual ; upper glume lanceolate-oblong, acute, awnless, 4-7 mm.

long ; spikelets 1 -flowered . 4. L. cylindricus.

The most interesting morphological feature of L. geminaius is the

presence of two spikelets on each intemode of the rhachis. In the other

species of Lepturus the spikelets are usually solitary, but examples with

two spikelets to each intemode are occasionally seen in specimens

of L. cylhidricus and L. repens. In such cases the paired spikelets

usually occur in the lower or middle portion of the larger spikes, whilst

in the upper part of the spike, and on smaller spikes, the spikelets are

solitary. The presence of paired spikelets in these species appears to

be unusual, whereas in L. geminaius it is quite nofmal.

C. E. Hubbard.

FlO. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, pair of spikelets and intemode of rhachis, x 4 ;

3, intemode of rhachis, x 6 ; 4, terminal spikelet, x 6 ; 5, upper glume from

inside, x 6 ; 6, floret, x 6 ; 7, lemma, opened out, x 6 ; 8, palea, x 6 ; 9, lodi-

cules, x 18.

C J£Sf

S.R-C.

Tabula 3234.

SORGHUM DIMIDIATUM Staff .

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

S. dimidiatum Staff in Prain, FI. Trop. Afr. ix. 140 (1917) ; Massey,

Sudan Grasses, 16 (1926) ; Broun et Massey, FI. Sudan, 446 (1929) ;

affine S. purpureo-sericeo (Hochst.) Aschers. et Schweinf., a quo spiculis

plerumque paullo minoribus, gluma inferiore spiculae sessilis infra

medium demum incrassata et eartilaginea supra medium abrupte

multo tenuiore et plus minusve ehartacea differt.

Gramm annuum, fasciculatum vel solitarium, usque ad 1 -5 m. altum.

Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati et e nodo infimo radicantes, graciles

vel validi, teretes, simplices vel ramosi, 3-7-nodes, “ nodis vaginarum 99

pilis albidis patulis usque ad 6 mm. longis dense barbatis, ceterum

glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae internodiis demum breviores,

teretes, ore barbatae, marginibus ciliatae, ceterum glabrae vel in-

feriores plerumque superne pilis e tubereulis ortis pilosae ; ligulae

brevissimae, membranaceae, glabrae ; laminae lineares, in apicem

tenuissimum longe attenuatae, usque ad 40 cm. (vel ultra) longae et

1 cm. latae, planae, virides, pone ligulam pilis longis pilosae, ceterum

pubescentes, marginibus scaberulis, costa media supra lata et albida.

Panicula anguste lanceolata vel anguste lanceolato-oblonga, 6-25 cm.

longa, contracta ; rhachis gracilis, laevis vel scabrida, nodis plerumque

pilosis exceptis glabra ; rami filiformes, verticillati, simplices, erecti,

glabri, fere laeves vel scaberuli, inferiores usque ad 7*5 cm. longi.

Racemi usque ad 5-nodes ; internodia (“ articuli ”) usque ad 5 mm.

longa, pilis rubellis vel pallidis dense ciliata ; pedicelli internodiis

similes. Spiculae sessiles lanceolatae vel anguste elliptico-lanceolatae,

subacuminatae, 7-9 mm. longae ; callus dense barbatus. Gluma

inferior 8-14-nervis, infra medium primum carnosa et pallide viridis,

demum incrassata et eartilaginea, nitens, glabra, rubro-fusea vel atro-

fusca, supra medium valde abrupte et conspicue tenuior, plus minusve

ehartacea, pallide viridis, dorso glabra, carinis rigide ciliata, ad margines

pins erectis pilosa ; gluma superior inferiori subsimilis et subaequi longa

' c‘d paullo angustior et supra medium (saepius gradatim) tenuior et

pubescens, 5-7-nervis. Lemma anthoecii inferi (explanatum) ovatuiA,

minute truncatum, 6-7*5 mm. longum, tenuiter membranaceum,

marginibus hyalinis supra basin molliter ciliatis, 2-nerve. Lemma

anthoecii superi (explanatum) late ellipticum, bilobum, usque ad 3 mm.

2

longum, hyalinum, supra medium ciliatum, 3-nerve ; arista gracilis,

geniculata, usque ad 4 cm. longa, columna atrofusca, seta pallida ;

palea hyalina, usque ad 1 *5 mm. longa, vel nulla ; lodiculae truncatae,

apice dense ciliatae ; antherae usque ad 4 mm. longae ; caryopsis

anguste ovoidea, dorso compressa, 4*5-5 mm. longa. Spiculae pedi-

cellatae vel steriles, anguste lanceolatae vel anguste ellipticae, acutae,

6-8 mm. longae, pallide virides vel purpureae ; callus barbatus. Glumae

firme membranaceae, minute pubescentes ; inferior 7-11-nervis;

superior 5-7-nervis. Lemmata (explanata) lanceolata, tenuiter mem-

branacea, ciliolata ; inferum obtusum, 2-nerve ; superum minute

bilobum vel integrum et acuminatum, 1-nerve ; palea nulla.

Sudan. Fung Province, Punter ; without precise locality, Broun

(type) ; cultivated at Isleworth, Middlesex, from seed communicated by

the Director of Agriculture and Forests , Khartoum (type of t. 3234, fig. 1 ) .

When describing this species, Stapf suggested that it was perhaps

a hybrid between Sorghum versicolor Anderss. and some cultivated

Sorghum , but as S. versicolor has not been found in the Sudan, it is

very probable that he intended to write Sorghum purpureo-sericeum

Aschers. et Schweinf. The latter is a closely allied species which has

been recorded from the Sudan, and which, according to Massey (Sudan

Grasses, 16), has been collected in the same locality as Sorghum dimidi -

alum Stapf (Fung Province ; Jongol’s Port). Mr. A. W. Punter, how¬

ever, who has had considerable experience with Sudanese Sorghums,

informs us that S. dimidiatum does not grow in association with any

other wild or cultivated Sorghum. In a note on these grasses he states

that S . purpureo-sericeum is found over a wide area east of the Blue

Nile up to the Abyssinian frontier, but that he has not seen it west of

the Blue Nile. On the other hand, he has only found S. dimidiatum

west of the Blue Nile and between the Blue and W hite Niles, where it

occurs as far north as lat. 13° 30' N. in the Jebel Moya District of the

Blue Nile Province and as far south as lat. 10° N« In this area it is

fairly common on the open cotton-soil plains.

An opportunity to grow S. dimidiatum occurred when seed of that

species was communicated to Kew in October 1932 by the Department

of Agriculture and Forests, Khartoum. A small quantity sown in the

open in 1933 germinated readily and during the warm summer months

produced plants about 3 ft. high, but only a few developed exserted

panicles before being killed by cold weather. These plants had all

the characters exhibited in the type-specimen and showed no signs of

hybridization with any other species. This confirmed the results

obtained by Punter at the Gezira Research Station in 1930, where he

raised plants from seed which grew true to type.

Prof. C. L. Huskins has kindly supplied the following note on the

chromosome numbers of S. dimidiatum and allied species. “ Sorghum

dimidiatum in common with S. versicolor and S. purpureo-sericeum has

2n = 10 chromosomes. All the species of grain sorghums so far

3

examined have 20 chromosomes, as have the grass sorghums S. vir-

gaium , S. verticillijloruni , S. Vogdianum , S. lanceolatum , $. arundi-

naceum and $. sudanense (see Huskins and Smith in Journ. Genetics,

xxv. 241-249 : 1932, et J.c. xxviii. 387-395 : 1934), while £. lmlepense

has 40 chromosomes. Longley (Journ. Agric. Res. xliv. 317-321 :

1932) reports 20 chromosomes in S. Drutnmondii and S. Hewisonii ,

and 40 in S. purpureo-sericeum . The origin of his material is not stated.

Dr. L. J. Stadler in a recent personal communication states that young

plants of Longley s 40-chromosome S. purpureo-sericeum look quite

different from those of the 10-chromosome S. purpureo-sericeum

obtained from Kew. The chromosomes of the 10-chromosome species

are much larger than those of the 20-chromosome group and of very

different shapes. Further detailed studies are necessary, but it appears

highly improbable that the relationship of these two groups is a simple

polyploid one, as it apparently is between the 20- and 40-chromosome

grass sorghums. The 10-chromosome sorghums appear to constitute

a closely inter-related group very distinct cytologically from the

remainder of the genus.” It should be noted that the seeds from

which Prof. Huskins raised his plants of S. dimidiatum and S. purpureo-

sericeum were compared at Kew with type-material of these species

and found to be correctly named. The plants of S. dimidiatum referred

to in the preceding paragraph were raised from the same sample of seed.

Thus there is no evidence to support the suggestion, made by Stapf,

of a hybrid origin for S. dimidiatum .

The differentiation of the lower glume of the sessile spikelets into a

thick dark-coloured lower half and then abruptly into a thin pale

upper half is most striking and gives the inflorescence a variegated

appearance. The reason for this peculiar modification is not obvious.

There is no doubt that it affords considerable protection to the grain

during its development and also at maturity, but less than is the case

with many other species of Sorghum in which the lower glume is wholly

coriaceous.

Sorghum dimidiatum belongs to a group of about 8 to 10 annual

and perennial species, of which the area of distribution extends from

Northern Transvaal to Sudan, through India to China, the Malayan

Region and Australia. This group is distinguished from the remainder

of the section Eu-Sorghum (sensu Stapf) by the bearded nodes, the

simple branches of the panicle and the brownish spikelets. The three

species hitherto examined cytologically have 10 chromosomes (see

above). — C. E. Hubbard.

Fig. 1, an entire plant, natural sizt ; 2, a pair of spikelets, x 4 ; 3, pedicel, x 4 ;

4-14, details of sessile spikelet : — 4, lower glume, from inside, x 4 ; 5, transverse

section of lower half of same, x 8 ; 0, longitudinal section of same, x 8; 7, upper

glume, x 4 ; 8, lower lemma, x 5 ; 1), upper palea, x 7 ; 10, upper lemma, x 7 ;

11, lodicules, x 12; 12, tlower, without the lodicules, x 8; 13, caryopsis, x 4;

14, transverse section of caryopsis, x 4 ; 15-21, details of pedicelled spikelet : —

15, lower glume, from outside, x 4 ; 16, the same from inside, x 4 ; 17, transverse

section of same, x 4; 18, upper glume (flattened), x 4; 19, lower lemma, x 4;

20, upper lemma, x 4 ; 21, apex of same, x 12.

3235

Tabula 3235.

BOTRYCHIUM CHAMAECONIUM Bitt. et Hieron.

Oph iogloss aceae .

B. chamaeconium Bitt. et Hieron. ex Bitter in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat.

Pflanzenfam. i. Abt. 4, 471 (1900) ; F. K. Butters in Rhodora xix. 216

(1917) ; arete affine B. lanuginospe Hk. et Grev., sed minus, gracilius,

folio fertili sterilem superante, stipite fertili e basi laminae sterilis orto.

Filix £-28 cm. alta. Radices numerosae, validae, funiformes, statu

vivo verisimiliter carnosae. Petiolus communis 5-12 cm. longus,

praecipue basin versus pilis paucis albidis debilibus conspersus. Vagina

stipularis demum castanea, plus minusve persistens. Gemma in petioli

basi stipulari vaginante oinnino inclusa, dense albido-sericeo-pilosa.

Lamina sterilis herbacea, ambitu late subdeltoidea vel pentagona,

usque ad 18 cm. lata, bipinnata, pinnulis pinnatifidis, demum basi

tripinnata, rhachibus anguste alatis ; segmenta ultima ambitu late

elliptica usque ovata, valde lobata, lobis oblongis vel suboblongis,

apice dentatis, dentibus ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis acutis. Folium

fertile e basi vel prope basin folii sterilis ortum, bi- vel tripinnatum

usque ad 15 cm. longum, stipite usque ad 5 cm. longo. Sporangia

sphaenca, pallide brunnea, usque ad 1*5 mm. diametro maturitate

ad medium fissa, dimidiis late hiantibus subreflexis. Sporae pallide

luteae, superficie leviter undulata, 35-40 p diametro.

British Cameroons. Cameroons Mountain, Buea, 2200 m., in a

gorge, in fissures of very steep rock slope, Preuss 1037.

Uganda. Bulago District, Mount Elgon, Bugishu, 1970 m., moist

soil over rocks, also seen at Butandiga, Aug. 1932, A. S. Thomas 350.

Rotrychium chamaeconium was originally described in 1900 from

«mmjwhat poor material collected on Cameroons Mountain by Preuss.

10 HI)ecies was unrepresented in the Kew Herbarium until quite

ecently, when specimens were received from Mr. A. S. Thomas, a

amst in the Department of Agriculture, Uganda, who collected

em on the slopes of Mount Elgon at an altitude of 6500 feet. The

ganda plants are much larger than those of the type-collection,

probably as the result of more favourable environmental conditions,

though in other respects they are similar.

2

A member of the B. virginianum group, B. chamaeconium finds its

nearest ally in the Indian B. lanuginosum Hk. et Grev., to which it

bears a strong resemblance. It may be readily distinguished by the

characters given in the differential diagnosis. F. K. Butters has

pointed out that B. virginianum and its allies have a typical boreal

distribution, the tropical members having travelled down from the

north. There is no evidence, however, that such has been the case in

B. chamaeconium.

It seems unlikely that the species is restricted to these two localities

in tropical Africa. Only in the mature fruiting condition can it be

said to be at all conspicuous, while in the early stages it might readily

be taken for the leaf of a young umbellifer. Its presence on other

mountain masses in tropical Africa will no doubt be demonstrated in

course of time. — F. Ballard.

Fig. 1, upper part of plant, natural size ; 2, lower part of plant, natural size ;

2a, sheathing base opened to show the enclosed bud, x 2 ; 3, portion of the

sporangiophore from the front, x 4 ; 4, portion of sporangiophore from the

back, x 4 ; 5, group of dehisced sporangia, x 4 ; 6, 6a, spores from the Uganda

plant, and 7, 7a, spores from the Cameroons plant, x 400.

<3236

Tabula 3236.

CYNORCHIS PARVA Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

C. parva Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, 338 ; statura parva,

racemis 1-2-floris, labelli forma, calcari quam labellum circiter duplo

longiore valde distincta.

Herba terrestris, parva, usque 15 cm. alta. Tubera cylindrico-ellip-

soidea, circiter 1 cm. longa. Folia radicalia, 3-5, late linearia vel

anguste lanceolata, acuta, plus minusve recurvata, 1-2*5 cm. longa,

2-4 mm. lata. Scapus erectus, gracilis, apice 1-2-florus, saepissime

infra medium cataphyllo singulo lanceolato acuminato instructus ;

bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 4-8 mm. longae, ovario pedicellato

multo breviores. Flores erecti, partim virides, partim albi ; pedicellus

cum ovario 1*3-2 *7 cm. longus. Sepalum intermedium erectum

ovatum, acutum, 4-5*5 mm. longum, 2*75-4*5 mm. latum; sepala

lateralia patentia, oblique lanceolato-ovata, acuta, 5-6*5 mm. longa

2 *5-3 *5 mm. lata. Petala lineari-ligulata, acuta, leviter incurvata’

3*5-0 mm. longa, 0*7-1 mm. lata. Labellum album, trilobum, ambitu

obtriangulare ; pars basalis indivisa, 1*6-2 *5 mm. longa ; lobus inter-

medius e basi angusta plus minusve subito dilatatus, fere flabellatus

apice obcordatus apiculo interjecto, 4-6 mm. longus, 4-5 mm. latus :

obi laterales lmean-oblongi vel ligulati, obtusi vel subacuti, basi a

obo intermedio angulo 45° divergentes, 4*5-6*5 mm. longi, 1-1*6 mm.

lati ; calcar dependens, cylindricum, dimidio inferiore paullo inflatum,

subacutum, 11-16 mm. longum. Anthera erecta, apice rotundata,

1*6-2 *5 mm. alta, canalibus leviter incurvatis 1-1*5 mm. longis.

Stigmata crassa, apice clavato-truncata, 1*5-1 *8 mm. longa, latere

superiore per duos trientes inferiores rostelli lobis lateralibus adnata ;

rostelli lobus intermedius triangulari-dentiformis, brevis vel brevis-

simus.

Crunch Guinea. Timbo, July 1907, Pobeguin 1692.

y <>KrHERN Nigeria. Vom, Bauchi Plateau, 900-1350 m., Dent

^a^ns ^et,ween Hepham and Ropp, 1380 m., July 1921,

( 1/ ol ; Bauchi Plateau, grass plains, June 1930, Lely P337 (type) ;

exact locality,* Nelson 9.

hitish Cameroons. Bamenda District, Bum, in grassland among

boulders, 1200 m., May and June 1931, Maitland 1398, 1669.

2

This species has the distinction of being the most westerly member

of the genus, only two others occurring in West Africa, namely, C.

debilis Summerhayes, which is found on the Cameroons Mountain, and

C. Barlaeae Schlechter, a native of Angola. The other Tropical African

representatives of Cynorchis occur in East Africa, particularly Tanga¬

nyika Territory, while the majority of the species inhabit Madagascar.

It is interesting to find that a species so far from the centre of distribu¬

tion of the genus possesses such a striking combination of characters

as does C. parva. These consist of the dwarf habit, the few-flowered

inflorescences, the labellum with its large cuneate-flabellate central

lobe and ligulate side-lobes, and the long spur. I have not yet been

able to find any other Cynorchis which seems at all closely allied to

C. jparva , although different species approach it in single characters.

V. S. Summerhayes.

Figs. 1 and la, flowering plants (tubers missing in la), natural size ; 2, flower,

x 2 * 3 column, side view, x 6 ; 4, column, rostellum arms spread out, front

view*, x 6 : — A, anther ; Lab, base of labellum ; R, rostellum ; St, stigma.

3237

Tabula 3237.

HABENARIA TWEEDIEAE Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

H. Tweedieae Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1933, 248 ; affims H. cultri -

formi Kraenzl. et H. incomptae KraenzL, a quibus sepalis lateralibus

semi-ovatis vel semi-orbicularibus subacutis nec lateraliter apiculatis,

sepalo intermedio longiore, petali partitione postica baud fimbriata,

partitione antica basi haud subito dilatata, rostelli lobo intermedio

antheram bene superante differt.

Herba terrestris, robusta, erecta, 45-70 cm. alta ; tuber elongato-

ovoideum, 4 cm. longum, ultra 1 cm. diametro. Caulis teres, basi

cataphyllis paucis instructus, 6-8-foliatus. Folia lanceolata, acuminata,

basi vaginantia, intermedia usque 27 cm. longa et 7 cm. lata, sursum

sensim decrescentia in bracteas abeuntia. Racemus 15-30 cm. longus,

circiter 5 cm. diametro, subdense multiflorus ; bracteae lanceolatae,

acuminatae, ovarium pedicellatum subaequantes vel paullo superantes,

extra et praesertim marginibus glanduloso-ciliatae et pubescentes.

^ lores suberecti, partim virides partim albi ; ovarium pedicellatum,

2*5-4 cm. longum. Sepalum intermedium ovatum, acutum, carinato-

concavum, 5 • 5-7 mm. longum, 2 • 5-4 mm. latum, extra sparse pubescens,

carina et nervis praesertim basi scabridulis ; sepala lateralia serni-

ovata vel semi-orbicularia, margine anteriore valde dilatata, oblique

obtuse acuminata vel cuspidata, &-10 mm. longa, 5-6*5 mm. lata,

extra sparse pubescentia. Petala bipartita ; partitio posterior ligulata,

subacuta, 6-6*5 mm. longa, 0*7-1 *5 mm. lata, papilloso-puberula ;

partitio anterior multo major, subfalcatim lanceolato-cultriformis,

obtusa, 10-11 mm. longa, basin versus 1 *8-2*5 mm. lata, papilloso-

puberula. Labellum ex ungue circiter 1 mm. longo tripartitum ; par¬

titio intermedia linearis, obtusa, 10-12 mm. longa, 0*8-1 *4 mm. lata,

subcarnosa ; partitiones laterales anguste lineares, 5-6*5 mm. longae,

1*3-0 *5 mm. latae ; calcar dependens, dimidio inferiore cylindricum,

apice clavato-inflatum, obtusum, circiter 2*5 cm. longum. Anthera

su )(ieclinata> 2*5-3 mm. alta, obtusa, canalibus apice leviter incurvatis

1 longis ; staminodia biloba. Brachia stigmatifera crassa,

avata, 3*5-5 mm. longa, antherae canales aequantia vel paullo

excedentia. Rostelli lobus intermedius ligulatus, apice triangulari-

acutus, 2 • 5-3 • 2 mm. longus, antheram bene superans ; lobi laterales

ab intermedio angulo recto divergentes.

2

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 2010 m., Nov. 1931, Mrs. Tweedie 25

(type). Nandi District, 1800 m., Nov. 1898, Whyte.

Uganda. Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, on rocky knoll, 2100 ra., in fruit,

Jan. 1918, Dummer 3646. Ruwenzori, 2100 in., Dawe 670a. Toro,

Ibonde, 2250 m., Oct. 1932, Thomas 774.

The section Cultratae Kraenzl., which seems to be entirely African,

remains rather ill-defined. On the whole the species show a close re¬

semblance to many of those belonging to section Bilabrellae Kraenzl.,

but usually have somewhat larger flowers. Perhaps the most character¬

istic feature of the group is the hairiness of the inflorescence, particularly

the bracts, sepals and petals, but in this as in other respects there is

great variability, certain of the species being little more hairy than some

members of Bilabrellae. In H. Tweedieae and its immediate allies

(II. cult rata A. Rich, and H. cultrifonnis Kraenzl.) the bracts have a

more or less irregularly denticulate or almost spinulose margin as well

as being hairy on the surface. In II. Tweedieae these hairs (both

marginal and superficial) are mostly gland-tipped, a feature which

recalls many species of Cynorchis but is decidedly uncommon in

Habenaria .

Another important characteristic of the section is the relatively long

middle lobe of the rostellum which in several species projects above the

apex of the anther and is strongly developed in H. Tweedieae (fig. 4).

This feature is also found in H. longirostris Sum merh ayes (t. 3211),

which, however, differs considerably in other respects.

So far as can be ascertained, II. Tweedieae is the first member of the

Cultratae to be discovered in Kenya or Uganda, the great majority of

the species being inhabitants of Abyssinia, while one or two others

(perhaps rather doubtfully referable to the section) have been re¬

corded from Central Africa. From the data available it appears that

II. Tweedieae occurs on most of the mountains of Uganda and Western

Kenya at altitudes of about 2000 m., but more, records are required to

enable us to state its detailed distribution. — V. S. Summerhayes.

Fig. 1, lower part of a plant (Dawe 670a), x } ; 2, inflorescence from another

plant (Tweedie 25), x § ; 3, portion of bract, to show margin, x 6 ; 4, a single

flower with one anterior petal-lobe turned down, x 2 ; 5, rostellum (spread out),

x 3.

Tabula 3238.

PLATYCOBYNE MEGALOBRHYNCHA Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

P. megalorrhyncha Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1933, 250 ; affinis

P. tenuieauli Rolfe, a qua caule magis foliato, floribus minoribus,

anthera obtusa nec longe apiculata canalibus brevioribus, brachiis

stigmatiferis apice ovato-dilatatis antherae canales excedentibus,

rostelli lobo intermedio antheram bene superante differt.

Herba terrestris, gracilis, omnino glabra, 20-30 cm. alta. Caulis

foliatus, erectus, teres, basi cataphyllis paucis acutis vaginantibus

instructus. Folia lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, acutissima, basi

caulem amplectentia, usque 5 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, superiora minora.

Racemus 3-4 cm. longus, circiter 2 cm. diametro, dense 6-7-florus ;

bracteae lanceolatae, subaristato-acuminatae, ovario pedicellato saepius

breviorcs, usque 2 cm. longae. Flores suberecti, ovario pedicellato cir¬

citer 1 -7 cm. longo. Sepalum intermedium ovatum, acutum, carinato-

concavum, 7 mm. longum, 4*5 mm. latum; sepala lateralia oblique

oblongo-lanceolata, subacuta, 7*5 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata. Petala

e basi latiore falcatim ligulata, acuta, 6*5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata.

Labellwn simplex, anguste linguiforme, carnosum, marginibus recurvatis,

6-5 mm. longum, 1-3 mm. latum (explanatum) ; calcar dependens,

cylindricum, dimidio superiore clavato-inflatum, obtusum, 1*4 cm.

longum. Anthera erecta, obtusa, 3*5 mm. alta, canalibus porrectis

crassiusculis 2*5 mm. longis. Braehia stigmatifera crassa, apice ovata

vel spathulato-ovata dilatata, 2*5 mm. longa, antherae canales paullo

excedentia. Rostelli lobus intermedius e basi latiore oblongo-lanceo-

atus, acutus, 2*4 mm. longus, 1-2 mm. latus ; lobi laterales basi

atissimi, ab intermedio sinu lato rotundato sejuncti.

1 <£'"**** Nigeria. Bamenda District, Fougom, in boggy ground,

UDU m., April 1931, Maitland 1509 (type).

In habit and general floral structure this species is a very ordinary

em Jt r genus. It is unique, on the other hand, in possessing an

enormous middle lobe of the rostellum, overtopping the column, and

a mg the latter appear quite insignificant. In this and some other

8pecie8 with a relatively large rostellum placed in front of and more or

2

less separated from the anther, the same evolutionary trend is seen as in

the genus Bonatea where, however, the rostellum is more or less cucullate.

Both Platycoryne and Bonatea are considered by some taxonomists to

be merely sections of the large and polymorphic genus Iiabenaria ;

each may be separated generically because the species referred to it

exhibit, to varying degrees, correlated modifications in particular direc¬

tions resulting in a readily recognized assemblage of characters. In

Platycoryne the species show considerable diversity in certain features,

some of which are paralleled in various sections of Habenaria. There

is, nevertheless, no doubt as to whether any given species should be

referred to Platycoryne or Habenaria in spite of the paucity of exact

differential characters. — V. S. Summerhayes.

Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size ; 2, flower, lateral view, x 3 ; 3, petal,

x 4 ; 4, column, lateral view, x 6 ; 5, stigma, from inside, x 12 ; 6, rostellum,

spread out, x 6 : — A, anther ; R, rostellum ; S, staminode ; St, stigmata ;

V, viscidia.

cJJ’cT?

Tabula 3239.

PLA.TYCOB.YNE AMBIGUA (Kraenzl.) Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

P. ambigua {Kraenzl.) Summerhayes , comb. nov. Habenaria ambigua

Kraenzl. in Engl. Jahrb. xxviii. 175 (1900). Affinis P. tenuicauli

Rolfe, a qua sepalo intermedio longiore angustiore subfalcato-incurvato,

sepalis lateralibus angustioribus, labello longiore, anthera mutica,

rostelli lobis latioribus differt.

Herba perennis, paludicola, usque ad 40 cm. alta ; tubera ellipsoidea,

circiter 1 cm. longa. Caulis erectus, gracilis, leviter flexuosus, basi

cataphyllis vaginantibus 1 vel 2 instructus, trientibus duobus

inferioribus 4-5-foliatus. Folia linearia vel lineari-lanceolata, basi

dilatata vaginantia, apice acuminata, usque ad 14 cm. longa et 9 mm.

lata, suberecta vel adscendentia. Inflorescentiae simpliciter race-

mosae, subdense 3-8-florae, 5-10 cm. longae ; bracteae foliaceae,

lanceolatae, acuminatae, infima usque ad 4 cm. longa, ceteris minoribus

ovario pedicellato saepius brevioribus. Flores suberecti, flavidi,

ovario pedicellato 1*5-2 *5 cm. longo. Sepalum intermedium lanceo-

latum vel lanceolato-ovatum, acuminatum, valde concavum, subfalcato-

incurvatum, circiter 15 mm. longum, 6-7 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia

deflexa, oblique oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, apice leviter carinata,

14 mm. longa, circiter 2*5 mm. lata. Petala linearia vel lineari-

lanceolata, acuta, 13-15 mm. longa, 1*3 mm. lata, ad sepalum inter¬

medium agglutinata. Labellum simplex, lineare, obtusum, saepius

incurvatum, 13-14 mm. longum, 1*5 mm. latum, marginibus recurvatis ;

calcar dependens, apice clavato-inflatum, 15 mm. longum. Anthera cir¬

citer 6 mm. alta, mutica, loculis parallelis, canalibus leviter incurvatis,

4*5 mm. longis. Brachia stigmatifera apice dilatata, ovata, convexa,

mm. longa, 2 mm. lata (explanata) ; rostelli lobus intermedius

°’ong0-lanceolatus, acutus, apice incurvatus, 3 mm. longus, lobi

a era*es oblique triangulares, truncati.

Tanganyika Territory. Uhehe, Wem, in open Bush, in damp

depression, 1600 m., Feb. 1899, Goetze 700 (type). Msalala, Hanning -

Ion Manyoni District, Kazikazi, in seasonally-wet bog in drainage

valley, 1260 m., March 1933, Burtt 4621.

2

A striking member of the genus, easily recognized by the long narrow

leaves and the long narrow perianth members, of which the dorsal

sepal somewhat resembles a scimitar in lateral view. The species is

probably allied to P. tenuicaulis Rolfe, which comes from the same

region but has smaller flowers with broader parts and a long apiculus

to the column. In P. ambigua the rostellum is in front of and quite

separated from the anther, but it is relatively much smaller than in

P. megalorrhyncha Summerhayes, figured in tab. 3238.

V. S. Summerhayes.

Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size; 2, flower, lateral view, x 2 ; 3, column,

lateral view, x 4 ; 4, rostellum, spread out, x 4 : — A, anther ; Rm, rostellum,

median lobe ; Rl, rostellum, lateral lobe ; St, stigma ; V, viscidium.

Tabula 3240.

SATYRIUM FIMBRIATUM Sumtnerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

S. fimbriatum Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1932, 348 ; affinis S. mem -

bfanaceo Sw. et S. principi Bolus, ab illo rostelli lobo intermedio

triangulari acuto nec ampliatim semiorbiculari, ab hoc statura, foliis

floribusque minoribus, colore florum, stigmate integro differt.

Herba terrestris, usque 40 cm. alta ; tubera ovoidea, circiter 1 cm.

longa. Folia 2, radicalia, humistrata, ovata vel suborbicularia, sub-

acuta vel obtusa, 3-7 cm. longa, 2*5-7 cm. lata, ut videtur subcarnosa.

Scapus erectus, teres, glaber, vaginis 3-5 lanceolatis acuminatis mem-

branaceis subdistantibus instructus. Racemus cylindricus, 6-13 cm.

longus, circiter 2*5 cm. diametro, subdense 5-18-florus ; bracteae

lanceolatae vel elliptico-lanceolatae, acutae vel acuminatae, ovarium

pedicel latum superantes, sub anthesi dimidio superiore recurvatae

Sepalum intermedium ligulato-oblanceolatum, obtusum, 8-10 mm!

longum, 2-2-5 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia curvatim oblongo-lanceo-

lata, subacute, 8-11-5 mm. longa, 2-5-3 mm. lata; sepala omnia

basi petal,* adnata. Petala elliptico-oblanceolata, subacuta, superne

marginibus lacerato-fimbriata, 8-10-5 mm. longa, 2 -5-3-5 mm. lata.

Labellum late ellipsoideum, leviter cucullatum, totum 9-5-12 mm.

longum, mferne 6-7 mm. latum, in apicem suborbicularem ± reflexura

marginibus lacerato-fimbriatis 3-5-4 mm. longum productum ; cal-

cana gracilia, ovario ± parallela, cylindrica, circiter 3 cm. longa.

Lolumm incurvata, 3-5 mm. longa ; labium stigmatiferum transverse

oblongo-ellipticum, 1-5-2 nun. altum, 3-4 mm. latum ; rostellum basi

quadra turn, lobis lateralibus brevissimis dentiformibus, lobo inter¬

medio triangulari acuto, totum rostellum 1-5-2 mm. longum, basi

1-25-2 mm. latum. 6

Jenya. (.QLQjfY- Kinangop Plateau, Aberdare Mts., lower slopes of

'n °Pen grassland close to forest edge, 2490 m., Honore 1877

H nvi * kltlangop, open land on grassy hillside, 2520 m., May 1932,

Tinderet, Mrs . Maintoaring 1287. Cherangani, 1800-

l a moiJune 1932, Tweedie 36, J ex-Blake 2129. Londiani, in grass¬

lands, 2340 m., July 1932, Graham 2879.

T he section Eusatyrium of Satyrium is characterized by the possession

0 0110 or ^wo orbicular or broadly ovate radical leaves which are adpressed

2

closely to the ground rather in the manner of Plantago major L. on

a lawn. These leaves are often fleshy and act as organs for water

storage, being frequently exhausted by the rapid elongation of the spike

before flowering and therefore either withered or partially so when the

flowers are expanded. There are about a dozen species in the tropical

parts of Africa and perhaps another twenty in South Africa, there is

a considerable amount of variation in the size of the flowers and other

characters, but on the whole the section is a fairly natural one. The

species here figured is of especial interest because although it is

restricted, so far as is known, to Kenya Colony, it possesses certain

features in common with two species (S. membranaceum Sw. and

S. princeps Bolus) which are natives of the Cape Province and are not

known to occur in either Natal or the Transvaal. The chief feature is

the finely fimbriate or almost lacerate margins of the petals and of the

flattened apex of the lip, this being restricted to these three species.

The Kenya species is a much smaller and more slender plant than its

two relatives but in general respects resembles them very closely.

The important differences are given in the differential diagnosis.

S. fimbriatum is an inhabitant of grassland at and above 2000 m. in

western Kenya Colony. It possesses rather pretty pink unscented

flowers.— V. S. Summerhayes.

Fio. 1, flowering plant, large leaf drawn upright to show shape, natural size ;

2, a single flower, x 2 ; 3, 4 and 5, gynostegium in front, three-quarter front, and

back views, x6; 6, a pollinium with gland, x 8.

I

<5241

S.R-C.

Tabula 3241.

IXORA HIPPOPERIFERA Bremekamp.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Ixoreae.

I. bippoperifera Bremekamp ; species nova, affinis I. laxiflorae Sm.,

I. anemodesmati K. Schum., I. viridijlorae K. Schum., I. nematopodae

K. Schum., /. roseae K. Schum., I. longffpedunculatae De Wild.,

I. divaricatae Hutch, et Dalz., sed panicula angusta, floribus sessilibus

ad apicem ramulorum brevium congestis ab his speciebus facile dis-

tinguenda, parte basali foliorum sessilium in sacculos binos utroque

latere costae hippoperarum instar dispositos mutata ab omnibus con-

generibus hactenus cognitis conspicue diversa.

Frutex glaber, ramis novellis praesertim parte superiore internodiorum

bisulcatis. Folia sessilia, membranacea, oblanceolato-obovata, 20-

28 cm. longa, 7*5-10 cm. lata, apice acuminata, dimidio inferiore

cuneata, ad basin tamen dilatata et utroque latere costam versus

reduplicata, hoc modo pagina superiore sacculos binos formantia

supra nitidula, subtus opaca, nervis utroque latere costae 10-12 subtus

prominentibus, venulis sparsis ; stipulae late ovatae, arista longi-

tudme partem basalem paullo superante munitae. Inflorescentia

termjnalis, longe pedunculata, anguste paniculata ; pedunculus basi

jugo foliorum parvorum 0*5-0*8 cm. longorum munitus, 10-16 cm.

longus; ramuli paniculae breves, inferiores ab aliis 4 cm. remoti

superiors ad apicem agglomerati ; ramuli secundarii brevissimi ;

bracteae parvae, lineares ; bracteolae minutae, ovario multo breviores.

* lores sessiles, ad apicem ramulorum fasciculati. Receptaculum

ambitu cupulare 0*8 mm. altum. Calyx 1 mm. longus, lobis late

tnangularibus tubo subaequilongis. Corollae tubus gracilis, 2 cm. longus,

acn/mn^ametr°^ ^n^us S^^er ; lobi oblongi, 6 mm. longi, 2*5 mm. lati,

1b damenta 1*5 mm. longa ; antherae 4 mm. longae, apiculatae,

parte c?^or^ae* Stylus glaber, usque ad 5*5 mm. exsertus,

bifid i ' incrassata 2 *5 mm. longa, in lobis recurvaturos profunde

rupa bisulcata, dipyrena, 8 mm. alta, 11 mm. lata.

Cameroons. Bipinde, Zenker 4124 (flowering), 4841 (fruiting).

t0^ saddlebags ” at the base of the leaf show a close resemblance

le srnall bags found at the base of the leaves of Duroia saccifera

2

(Mart.) Hook. f. and Remijia physophora Benth., where the entrance,

however, is at the lower side of the leaf. They suggest myrmecophily,

but I must add that I have not found the ants.

The presence of a pair of reduced leaves at the base of the peduncle

is a peculiarity found in a large number of species ; it is doubtless of

taxonomic importance, and is shown by all the species to which I have

referred above. These plants resemble one another moreover in the

considerable length of the peduncle of the more or less pendulous

inflorescence and usually also in the colour of the flowers : these are

white or greenish, except in I. rosea , where they are pink. The in¬

florescences are corymbose or paniculate, and their branchlets and

pedicels are long and slender : in the new species, however, the

branchlets are short, and the flowers sessile. They are all West-

African. — C. E. B. Bremekamp.

Fig. 1, upper part of branch, with inflorescence, x $ ; 2, longitudinal section of

flower, x 3 ; 3, flower with corolla removed, x 12 ; 4, longitudinal section of

same, x 12 ; 5, stamen, x 6 ; 6, upper part of stylo, x 12 ; 7, infructescence,

natural size.

Tabula 3242.

PYGMAEOTHAMNUS CONCRESCENS Bullock.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Vanguerieae.

P. concrescens Bullock in Kew Bull. 1933, 471 ; a P. Zeyheri (Sond.)

Robyns foliis oppositis, floribus multo majoribus facile distinguitur.

Suffrutex nanus, erectus, 15-25 cm. altus ; caules annui, simplices,

lignosi, glabri, e rhizomate subterraneo orti, internodiis 2-5(-7) cm.

longis. Stipulae intus villosae, ceterum glabrae, longe subulatae,

inferne in vaginam intrapetiolarem truncatam connatae, caudis acutis

erectis usque 6*5 mm. longis. Folia opposita, glaberrima, leviter

discoloria (subtus ut videtur glauca), elliptica vel anguste obovata

apice acute cuspidata, basi in petiolum circiter 1 cm. longum sensim

angustata, 8-10 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, inferne cataphyllaria, costa et

nervis lateralibus (utrinque circiter 5) satis prominenti’bus rete venu-

larum conspicuo. Flores albi, 5- vel saepe 6-meri, in cymas dichasiales

axillarea pedunculatas circiter 10-15-floras dispositi ; pedunculi sub

anthesni 2 cm. longi, satis crassi, statu fructifero usque 5 cm lonui

et basin versus cum caule coaliti ; pedicelli crassi, 3 6 mm. longf-

bracteae et bracteolae lmeares. Calyx glaber, campanulatus • tnhiw

(rcceptaculo incluso) 4-5 nun. longus, apice 3 mm. diametro basin

versus levitef puberulus ; lobi anguste triangulares, 4 mm. longi C

7 ‘ lat1’ aPice acuti. Corollae tubus subconico-cylindricus 5 ’mm

ongus, usque 3-5 mm. diametro, intus circa medium pilis’ villosis

leflexis annulatus ; lobi oblongi, subacuti, 5 mm. longi, mm. lati

am„l!ataSUba . Fihmenta brevi8sima; basin versus

mpliata , antherae alabastro circa stigma cohaerentes, sub anthesin

1 mm ’l anceo,atao- aP»ce acutae, basi subsagittatae, 2 mm. longae,

solT;,- T,r"Ule h>’?lmae- 0varium 2-loculare ; ovula in loculis

anmistae Pcnc “ a > st-v*us " mm- longus, apicem versus leviter

diamotr U8 ’ • stlF ^ caPltatum, 2 mm. longum, circa medium 2 mm.

unilociilnraplCei ^rwAus drupacei, carnosi, plerumque abortu

es> subglobosi, usque 2 cm. diametro.

^r\ANGANYIKA Territory. Iringa Prov i

lyroocl i f . “*£»**> "“u icaiucxy leaves, LUIIlIllUIl

8 Uud> fr- Aug. 1931, Mr. and Mrs. 11. E. Hornby 65.

2

The genus Pygmaeothamnus was established by Dr. Robyns (Bull.

Jard. Bot. Brux. xi. 29 : 1928) to accommodate four South African

species, three of which had been previously described by various

authors under the generic names Canthium , Plectronia , Vangueria ,

Fadogia and P achy stigma. Robyns admitted three varieties of P.

Zeyheri (Sond.) Robyns, a species occurring in Angola, Belgian Congo

and Rhodesia, as well as in South Africa, and one variety of P. Chamae -

dendrum (0. Kuntze) Robyns. Some of the varieties had previously

held specific rank.

The chief difference between Pygmaeothamnus Robyns and Canthium

Lam. (= Plectronia Auctt., non Linn.) given in Dr. Robyns’ “ Con¬

spectus generum ” ( l.c . 21), is in the inflorescence : —

“ Flores solitarii vel in inflorescentias simplices haud ramosas dis-

positi . Pygmaeothamnus etc.

“Flores in umbellas vel plenunque in inflorescentias conspicuas

ramosasque dispositi . Canthium etc.”

A detailed examination of the African species of Canthium (Bullock

in Kew Bull. 1932, 353-389) shows that the inflorescence is even

more variable than Dr. Robyns* key suggests, and it is equally so in

Pygmaeothamnus , which makes the separation of the two genera very

difficult. It is nevertheless convenient to retain Pygmaeothamnus as

a genus distinct from Canthium , the points of difference being briefly

summarized as follows : —

Arbores vel frutices erecti vel scandentes ; flores 4-5-meri ; drupae

plus minusve globosae, lignosae vel rarius carnosae, saepe

didymae . Canthium

Suffruticesnani, erecti ; flores 5-6-meri ; drupae plus minusve obovoi-

deae vel globosae, valde carnosae, haud didymae . Pygmaeothamnus

The most striking feature of Pygmaeothamnus is the subherbaceous

habit, which at once separates it from the climbing and erect shrubs

and trees included in Canthium. Herbarium specimens of Pygmaeo¬

thamnus concrescens show a striking resemblance to those of Canthium

crassum Hiern, which is a tree with fire-resisting bark, widely dis¬

tributed in the grasslands and deciduous forests of Tropical Africa

(Bullock, l.c. 379). In texture, shape and venation the leaves are

remarkably alike in the two species, whilst the inflorescence and flowers

approximate very closely.

The specific name concrescens refers to the union of the peduncle

and main stem which becomes more marked in the fruiting stage.

A. A. Bullock.

Fia. 1, part of a plant, in the flowering stage, natural size

flower, x 4 ; 3, part of corolla, from within, x 4 ; 4 and 5,

transverse sections of ovary, x3; 6, stamen, abaxial view,

infructescence, natural size.

; 2, hexanierous

longitudinal and

x 8 ; 7, part ot

—

i

Tabula 3243.

CROT All ARIA ANNUA Milne-Red head.

Leguminosab. Tribus Genisteae.

C. (Sphaerocarpae) annua Milne- Redhead ; species nova C. phyllo-

stachyi Baker habitu et floribus similis sed fructu raajore polyspermo

recedens.

Herba annua, scopiformis, caule erecto usque 1 m. alto. Rami

erecto-adscendentes, simplices, 25-50 cm. longi, virgati, ut caulis

striati, dense crispule pilosi. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata, circiter 2 cm.

longa, secundum caules dispersa, stipulata, stipulis minutissimis

tomentosis caducis ; petioli adscendentes, 5-8 mm. longi, supra plani,

parce tomentosi ; foliola sessilia, oblanceolata, apice acuta et longe

mucronata, basi cuneata, usque 1*5 cm. longa et 4 mm. lata (lateralia

minora), supra parcissime pilosa, subtus longe adpresse pilosa, costa

et mucrone densius ; costa supra sulcata, subtus prominens * ’ nervi

laterales utrinque inconspicui. Inflorescentiae longe racemosae

caulem et ramos terminates, floribus solitariis vel paucis ex axillis

fol.orum superiorum exortis, circiter 25 cm. longae, erectae, virgatae

rhachibus dense crispule pilosis ; bracteae subulatae, 2-5 mm longae’

adpresse pilosae ; pedicelli erecti. circiter 5 mm. longi, densius induti’

bneus dd t 1 mra, ParCC tomentosus> intus gl^er ; tubus 3 mm.

S 77 d rC'I- afe°la,ti‘1 acutl> 6 mm- l°ngi, basi 1-5 mm. lati

o?na nm -8 rblCU) ire’ iT' <liametro- luteum> extra nervis rubris

l°f “°ng*ei 12 mm- longae> a pice in versus

4 5 mm. latae, luteae ; canna infra medium rectangulata, apicem

versus m rostrum rectum tortilem 10 mm. longum prolata, basin versus

rotundata, 12 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, lutea. Stamina fertilia antheris

ultra 1 mm. longis praedita ; stamina abortiva fertilibus 3 mm. longiora,

in k ns \ aide redactis. Ovarium circiter 4 mm. longum, villosum,

u is -20 , stylus circiter 10 mm. longus, basin versus angulatus,

glob m Ve7SU8 Utnn^ue PilosU8> stigmate glabro. Leyumen oblongo-

intno * mm* *on8um» ^ diametro, extra densiuscule pilosum,

g a >rum ; semina 10-16, parva, 1 *5 mm. diametro.

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District: on bared ground in

racnystegia woodland at Solwezi, 5 June 1930, Milne-Redhead 422

rga e woody annual up to 1 m. high ; flowers yellow and red.

2

The available material of Crotalaria phyllostachys Baker is unfortu¬

nately lacking in the basal part of the stems and in the rootstock, but

the upper portions so strongly resemble those of C. annua that one is

led to expect that the former species is really an annual and not an

undershrub as stated by Baker. In the flowering condition it is hard

to distinguish these two species, but when in fruit they are easily

separable, the legumes of C. phyllostachys being subglobose, about

4 mm. in length, and usually only 2-seeded, whilst C. annua has pods

7 mm. long, slightly less in diameter and containing up to 16 seeds.

The pods of C. annua are almost identical with those of C. argyro -

lobioides Baker, a species which, in the writer’s opinion, should be

placed in the section Sphaerocarpae.

Crotalaria annua was found growing on very hard dry ground in

Brachystegia woodland, the turf of which had been removed a year or

so previously. Associated with it were Crotalaria Jilicaulis Welw. ex

Baker, C. Bequaertii E. G. Baker, Aster Eylesii (S. Moore) Milne-

Redhead,* Eragrostis Chapelieri Nees, Melinis macrochaeta Stapf et

Hubbard, and Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C. E. Hubbard (syn.

R. roseum (Nees) Stapf et Hubbard). — E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, upper part of plant, natural size ; 2, terminal leaflet showing upper

surface, x 2 ; 3, terminal leaflet showing lower surface, x 2 ; 4, vexillum, anterior

view, x 2 ; 5, ala, from outside, x 2; 6, carina, lateral view, x 2 ; 7, portion of

androecium, seen from within, x 4 ; 8, gynoecium with calyx x 2 ; 9, upper

part of style, x 4; 10, legume, natural size; 11, longitudinal section of legume

showing placentation, natural size ; 12, seed, x 6.

* Aster Eylesii (S. Moore ) Milne- Redhead, comb. nov. : Felicia Eylesii S. Moore

in Journ. Bot. lxiv. 304 (1926).

Tabula 3244.

CROTA LABIA PRAECOX Milne -Redhead.

Leouminosae. Tribus Genisteae.

C. (Sphaerocarpae) praecox Mibie- Redhead ; species nova, peraflinis

C. bicolorx I. M. Johnston, a qua rhizomate repente, foliolis latioribus

et brevioribus differt.

Herba perennis, rhizomate repente crasso. Caules valde numerosi

erecti vel decumbentes, subsimplices, circiter 15 cm. longi, vetustiores

longiores, minute sulcato-striati, puberuli vel parce canescenti-

pubescentes, internodiis 5-15 mm. longis. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata

stipulata, stipulis minutissimis caducis ; petioli adscendentes, 2-6 mm

longi, supra late excavati, parce adpresse pubescentes ; foliola obovata

vel oblanceolata, apice subacuta vel obtusa vel truncata, vix mucro-

nulata, basin versus in petiolulum minutissimum tomentosum cuneata

3-10 mm long., 1-5-3-5 mm. 1.,., »„p„ gl.bra, ral„„T X* ’

pubescentes ; costa supra sulcata, subtus prorninula ; nervi Iaterale*

utrinque mconspicui. Racemi terminales, densiusculi VeHaxl 1-9 cm

!™gV rl,ache8 PllIS mmusve angulati, pubescentes ; bracteae lineares’

, 2 mm' lo^ac- pubescentes; pedicelli adscendentes 1-4 mm’

longi, parce adpresse pubescentes. Calyx 5-dentatus 1 mm

elabrum TLmT m‘ latum- extra Pa™ pubescens, intus

glabrum Iuteum purpureo-hneatum ; alae obovato-obloimae 6 mm

Sndato aSir46’ ‘“T' P^pUreo'lineatae 5 marina infra ’medium

m r°8trUm1.leVlter curvatum prolata, 6 mm. longa,

1 mm i ’ U ’ PurPureo-lmeata. Stamina fertilia antheris ultra

valde ; Jg!S ; fiamina ab°rtiva Circiter 2 mm- longiora, antheris

2-3-ovnll 8: °?nT CirClter 2 mm' lon“unb parce pubescens,

Leaumrn Um-i* 8t^!us ® mm* l°ngus, apicem versus utrinque ciliatus.

2-5 mn, 1se^slle> elhpsoideum, postice applanatum, 3-5 mm. longum,

n> 1-2-spermum.

Bracing ERN ^II0DESIA- Mwinilunga District : in open space in

1930 i ^^dland, after grass fire, near Matonchi Farm, 1 Sept,

thick rl *l ne'^e^lca^ 1010 : — Perennial herb with running habit and

shnn*0 UZorae ; flowers yellow with purple veinings ; old unburnt

much longer than young flowering shoots.

2

C. praecox is one of the few perennial species belonging to the section

Sphaerocarpae , and is very closely allied to the Angolan C. bicolor

Johnston. It differs from C. bicolor , however, in possessing under¬

ground horizontal stems, from buds on which new plants develop,

resulting in the production of colonies of the species by vegetative

means. The plant figured was collected early in the season, when it

flowers profusely. At a later date, probably during the rains, it pro¬

duces shoots considerably longer than those shown in the figure, but

whether it bears flowers on these or whether they are just sterile leafy

shoots is not known. The fruits develop and ripen very quickly, the

plants being in fruit before the later flowers have opened.

E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, plant in flowering stage, natural size; 2, vexillum, x 4; 3, ala, from

without, x 4 ; 4, carina, x 4 ; 5, androecium opened out, posterior view, x 4 ;

6, calyx and gynoecium, x 4 ; 7, gynoecium, x 4 ; 8, upper part of style with

stigma, x 6 ; 9, portion of fruiting branch, x 2 ; 10, legume, opened showing

seeds, x 4 ; 11, seed, x 8.

J

C J246

Tabula 3245.

CROTALARIA STREPTORRHYNCHA Milne-Redhead.

Leguminosae. Tribus Genisteae.

C. (Sphaerocarpae) streptorrhyncha Milne-Redhead; species nova,

a ceteris speciebus africanis hujus sectionis inflorescentiis densis sub-

fasciculatis vel brevissime racemosis ex axillis petiolorum persistentium

exortis differt.

Herba annua, caule erecto simplici circiter 5 dm. alto plus minusve

striato adpresse albo-pubescente basin versus puberulo vel glabro,

internodiis 1-2 cm. longis. Stipidae minutissimae, adpresse albo-

pubescentes. Folia petiolata, trifoliolata, 5-5*5 cm. longa ; petioli

adscendentes, 1-5-2-5 cm. longi, supra profunde sulcati, p’arce ad¬

presse albo-pubescentes ; foliola oblongo-obovata, apice rotundata vel

subtruncata, basin versus in petiolulum minutissimum attenuata

2-3 cm. longa, 9-11 mm. lata, supra glabra, subtus adpresse albo-

pubescentes; costa supra letter sulcata, mconspicua, subtus prominula-

nervi laterales supra valde inconspicui, subtus vix prominuli Inflores-

centiae densae, brevissime racemosae vel subfasciculatae ex axillis

petiolorum persistentium exortae • rhaches 2 3 mm l X u 8

itrr “t 4 1 £Si

4 mm. longae albo-pubescentes; pedicelli vix 2 mm. longi albo-

1 lescentes, bracteolae infra calyccm subulatae, 3 mm. longae" ' Calm

adpresse al bo-pubescens. intus glaber; tubS

5 r o g S; dentes lanceolati vel ovato-lanceolati, acuminati,

Hiigustior gFcr H 1 ’ P US minU8Ve imbricati> anticus ceteris

baL vI', f f Um °bovatum’ aP‘cem versus truncato-rotundatum,

superne nn ^ ^ c“eatum’ 9 mm- longum, 7 mm. latum, luteum,

9 mm lnnJ* ltMQ *?e<*lum versus pubescens ; alae obovato-oblongae,

Medium * i mm’ ,ae* luteae> purpureo-lineatae ; carina infra

tortilem V !” oUn aD?U ata’ aP^cem versus in rostrum rectum

fertilia U f mm' ^on^a> ^*5 mm. lata, pallide lutea. Stamina

primum for! rfnt i 8 - ^ mm* l°ng*8 instructa ; stamina abortiva 5,

redactm m* 1 °US- ^viora, demum iis 2 mm. longiora, antheris valde

subclabrn* nut.lsslmis P^nicillatis. Ovarium circiter 4 mm. longum,

apicem ^ V° Pos^!ce sParse hirsutum ; stylus circiter 6 mm. longus,

^ersus utrinque bre viter pubescens. Legumen maturum

’ inunaturum sphaericum, ovulis 2.

2

Northern Rhodesia. Solwezi District : by path through Brachy-

stegia woodland at Mutanda Bridge, 21 June 1930, Milne-Redhead

569 : — Erect annual with trifoliolate leaves and yellow flowers in

axillary clusters. Only one specimen seen.

Although fruits of this species are unknown, it seems safe to place it

in the section Sphaerocarpae on account of its biovulate ovary. Within

this section, however, it is not easy to find an affinity for it, as, on account

of the fasciculate inflorescence in the axils of the old leaves, C. streptor¬

rhyncha does not fit into any of the eight subdivisions of the section

used by E. G. Baker in his account of the African species of Crotalaria

(Journ. Linn. Soc. xlii. 273). Amongst African Crotalariae , C. axillaris

Dryand. alone has a somewhat similar habit, but it is a member of the

section Eucrotalaria , and is not nearly related to C. streptorrhyncha.

A feature well shown in this Crotalaria is that the filaments of the

small-anthered stamens continue to lengthen after those bearing the

large anthers have reached their full length. If a bud or young flower is

examined, the former set will be found to be shorter than those bearing

the larger anthers, whilst in an old flower they will have grown out to

nearly double their length. The small anthers are penicillate-hairy,

and it is possible that they help to brush the pollen up towards the

stigma and out at the end of the keel when they grow up past the

dehiscing fertile anthers, which are situated considerably below the

stigma within the beak of the keel. In one of the flowers examined

six fertile stamens were present (fig. 6). The twisting of the beak of

the keel is very noticeable in this species, a character which is not in¬

frequent in certain sections of the genus, but which is seldom mentioned

in descriptions.

Crotalaria streptorrhyncha is another of the numerous annuals which

are endemic in the great plateau area of southern tropical Africa, the

flora of which is, at the present moment, very incompletely known.

In this area the distribution of many of the annual species is remark¬

ably local. In the course of covering about 300 miles on foot in the

Solwezi and Mwinilunga Districts of Northern Rhodesia, the writer found

this plant only once, although one would expect it, as a weed of waste

places, to be of frequent occurrence.— E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size; 2, calyx, x 2; 3, vexillum, from within, x4;

4, ala. x 4 ; 5, carina, x 4 ; 6, staminal sheath from within, first stage, with one

additional perfect stamen, x 4 ; 7, part of staminal sheath, later stage, with the

filaments of the staminodes elongated, x 4 ; 8, antherode, x 16 ; 9, gynoecium,

x 4

<3246

Tabula 3246.

BOLUSIA RESUPINATA Milne- Red head.

Leguminosae. Tribus Genisteae.

B. resupinata Milne- Red head ; species nova, a B. amboensi (Schinz)

Harms floribus resupinatis, carina basin versus incurva, caulibus et

foliis albo-pilosis valde distincta.

Herba perennis, usque 9 dm. alta. Caules erecti vel adscendentes,

plus minusve ramosi, teretes, inconspicue striati, breviter albo-pilosi,

demum glabrescentcs, foliosi ; internodia 1*5-3 cm. longa. Stipulae

a petiolo liberae, conspicuae, foliosae, oblique ovatae, postice gibbosae,

acute apiculatae, basi rotundatae vel subcordatae, usque 13 mm.

longae et 8 mm. latae, albo-pilosae. Folia digitatim 3-foliolata, albo-

pilosa ; petioli usque 9 mm. longi, teretes ; foliola oblanceolata, apice

rotundata et conspicue apiculata, basi in petiolulum brevissimum

attenuata, usque 3 cm. longa et 13 mm. lata, lateralia aliquanto minora ;

costa utrinque prominula ; nervi laterales circiter 5, inconspicui>,

exsiccando prominuli. Racerni axillares, abortu uniflori ; pedunculi

l-2*o cm. longi, albo-pilosi ; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, circiter

5 mm. longae et 1 mm. latae ; pedicellus 3-4 mm. longus, valde re-

curvatus flore itaque inverso, basin versus bibracteolatus, parce albo-

pilosus ; bracteolae lanceolatae, acutae, circiter 4 mm. longae. Calyx

infundibuliformis, circiter 9 mm. longus ; lobi liberi, lanceolati, acuti,

circiter o mm. longi, postici vexillo expanso valde recurvati ; calyx

extra albo-pilosus, intus glaber. Vexillum alte cucullatum, apice pro-

funde bifidum, basi unguiculatum, ungue 4 mm. longo valde (per 180°)

recurvato et in basin conca^am vexilli valde adpresso, circiter 1 cm.

ahum et 7 mm. diametro, postice extra medium versus albo-pilosum,

ceterum glabrum. Aloe obovatae, basi in unguem valde angustatae,

>asin versus auriculatae, auricula 2 mm. longa valde reflexa, circiter

nmi longae et 6 mm. latae. Carina basin versus incurva, superne

in cyclos tres spiraliter contorta, angustissima, circiter 5 cm. longa

e y mrn- lata. Stamen vexillare a basi liberum, cetera connata ;

sanunum longiorum antherae ovatae, minutae, filamenta circiter

1 ,).^m* l°nga, breviorum antherae lineari-lanceolatae, 1*5 mm. longae,

la.Mtixae, filamenta usque 3 cm. longa; vagina medium versus circiter

' lx}- l°nga ; stamen vexillare anthera minuta ovata instructum.

Wnutn sessile, circiter 5 ram. longum, multiovulatum ; stylus circiter

2

4-5 cm. longus, ut carina ter spiralitcr contortus, glaber ; stigma

oblique terminale, dense barbatum. Legumen ut flos inversum,

oblongum, apice styli basi persistente rostratum, turgidum, 2- valve,

intus continuum. Semina rotundata, compressa, vix 4 mm. diametro,

basi valde cordata, estrophiolata, funiculis filiformibus circiter 2 mm.

longis.

Northern Rhodesia. Mpika District : on poor white soil derived

from quartzites and sandstones near the top of a rocky ridge, Musha

Hills near Kanona on the Mpika-Broken Hill road, about 1700 m.,

8 April 1932, St. Clair Thompson 1283 : — Erect herb up to 9 dm., but

usually 6 dm. high ; petals yellow ; stamens and style enclosed in a

spirally twisted envelope ; fairly frequent on ground incompletely

colonized by herbs and grasses, growing with Anthephora acuminata

Robyns, Cyperus sp. and Xyris sp.

In the absence of flowers, this plant appears to be practically indis¬

tinguishable from the subsection Stipulosae of Crotalaria , section

Eucrotalaria , for the legumes and seeds, although not quite mature in

the available material, are remarkably similar to those of the latter

genus, and their inversion might be thought to be accidental. How¬

ever, on examination of the flowers, one finds a number of very striking

and taxonomically important distinctions. The keel petals are very

long and narrow, and form a tube which is at first sharply bent upwards

and backwards, as in Crotalaria , but is then coiled spirally into three

complete turns. At the first bend of the keel there are two small out¬

wardly projecting prominences on to which the reflexed auricles of the

two wing petals are hooked. The vexillary stamen is free, and ap¬

parently bears a small anther, although one was not actually seen

attached to the filament in the flowers examined. The five long anthers

are on short filaments, and the small anthers are on long filaments and

reach to the end of the keel tube. The style follows the keel exactly,

and is quite glabrous, the stigma alone being hairy. The deeply hooded

standard, with a strongly reflexed claw which fits into the groove above

it, has no parallel in Crotalaria. The inversion of the flowers — brought

about by the bending backwards of the pedicel, so that the subtending

bract appears above and behind the flower — is probably connected with

the pollination mechanism.

It was at first thought that this plant represented a new genus in the

Genisteae , but investigation shows that it belongs to the small and

little known genus Bolusia Benth., endemic in southern Africa, and

hitherto placed in the Galegeae. Bolusia was based on B. capensis

Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1163 (1873). Two additional species have

since been described, but it is probable that B. rhodesiana Corbishle)

will have to be reduced to B. amhoensis (Schinz) Harms. Although in

many respects B. resupinata strongly resembles the other species, i

differs from them in having its flowers inverted. However, the P°.sse®

sion of an additional bend towards the base of the keel in B. re&upma

3

results in the spiral mechanism being in the same position relatively to

the ground in all the species. The inflorescence is, by reduction, one-

flowered, which makes it possible for the pedicels to bend backwards.

After careful consideration I feel satisfied that the most natural

position for Bolusia is in the Genisteae near Crotalaria , and not, as was

suggested by Bentham, next to Sylitra in the Galegeae* In the

Genisteae it is exceptional in having the vexillary stamen free, but it

agrees in the unifoliolate or digitately trifoliolate leaves and in the

dimorphic anthers. — E. Milne-Redhead.

1. flowering stem, natural size; 2, portion of fruiting branch, natural

size ; 3, 4, vexillum, anterior and lateral views, x 2 ; 5, ala, from within, x 2 ;

o, carina, lateral view, x 2 ; 7, androecium, natural size ; 8, gynoecium, lateral

view, x 2 ; 9, stigma, x 12.

i * key to Leguminosae in “The Flowering Plants of Africa ” Thonner

placed Bolusia in the Genisteae.

C 1247

Tabula 3247.

EHADAMANTHUS UBANTHERUS R. A. Dyer.

Liliaceae. Tribus Scilleae.

R. urantherus R A. Dyer ; species nova, affinis R. convallarioidd

Sal is b., a quo flonbus multo minonbus, antheris basi plus minusve

caudatis, stylo brevissimo differt.

Bulbus tunicatus, subglobosus, 1-5-3 cm. diametro, collo 0-5-1 cm

longo, nonnunquam in duos bulbos divisus. Folia 2-8, filiformia

teretia, acuta, recta vel superne curvata, 4-6 cm. longa, 0-5-0*75 mm'

diametro, glabra. Scapus gracilis, simplex vel subsirnplex, 12-30 cm

altus, minutissime puberulus, statu aphyllo editus. Flores 12-20 in

racemum terminalem 3-12 cm. longum dispositi ; bracteae inferiors

1-1-75 mm. longae, glabrae, basi infra insertionem in calcar 1-1 -5 mm

longum productae, superiores minores ; pedicelli gracillimi 0-75

1-5 cm longi Perianthium in alabastro globosum ; tubus’ basalis

circiter Imm. longus ; lobi subcampanulato-conniventes vel natentes

subaequales vel exteriores paullo angustiores, suborbiculati vel late

oblongi, apice rotundati, circiter 3-5 mm. longi, 3 mm. lati, dilute fusci

medio colons intensions vittati, 1-nervii. Stamina basi Ioborum affixa

filamenta 1 mm. longa, basi paullum dilatata ; antherae oblongae basi

sagittatae et in caudas breves vel brevissimas productae circa st’vlum

ZSTSSSr P" |X,r',!‘,l,liqUC" intror™"> d.hisceites. ojL„

South Africa. Cape Province : Oudtshoorn Division ; bulbs

growing amongst stones one mile east of Oudtshoorn, Miss W. Barker

(type). Specimens cultivated at Kew under the number 933/32.

• JJ" im„P®rtant diagnostic character of the genus Rhadamanthus

ins ul o^r of dchl8c.encf of ,the others by means of oblique pores,

was mil by,i u o3,1'1, the r® ated genera of Scilleae. This character

was mentioned by Salisbury (Gen. 37 : 1866) in the original description

C fCI1U8 antherae filamento confluentes superne foramine

cuneato ut in jralmia dehiscentes.” Bentham and Hooker (Gen.

Bl. in. 808 ; 1883) and Baker (Dyer, FI. Cap. vi. 444: 1897) merely

statea that the dehiscence was introrse, and some difficulty was therefore

experienced in assigning the present species to the right genus. Rhada-

nianthus was founded on Hyacinthus convallarioides L.f., which was

2

based on specimens collected by Thunberg south of the Roggeveld in

the Cape Province. The type was kindly sent on loan from the Natural

History Museum, Uppsala, and it is now possible to confirm the state¬

ment that the anthers open by oblique pores about half their length.

An examination of Bolus 7567 in the Kew Herbarium, cited by

Baker, Z.c., under R. convallarioides , shows that the anthers open by

longitudinal slits, an essential character which excludes it from the

genus and suggests that it should be placed in Urgineopsis Compton.

There has since been received, however, a specimen, Bolus 13210,

collected “ in declivibus lapidosis in convalle flum. Hex ” which agrees

in detail with Thunberg’s plant from the same region. Masson’s

specimen in the British Museum (Natural History), also cited by Baker,

Z.C., consists of two inflorescences : the right-hand one is definitely

R. convallarioides , and was probably collected at the same time as

Thunberg’s, when he and Masson were travelling together. The left-

hand specimen on Masson’s sheet looks somewhat different but the

material is insufficient for determination.

Rhadamanthus urantherus is distinguished from R. convallarioides by

the anther thecae being shortly tailed at the base. In the type specimen

the length of the tails is not constant and in some flowers is very

short, but in no case are the tails entirely absent. The species was

introduced to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in a consignment of

bulbs forwarded from South Africa by Miss Winsome Barker during

1932. The bulbs flowered in March of the following year in the leafless

condition, a feature common to certain species of the closely allied

genus Urginea. Two to eight filiform leaves were produced from each

bulb during November 1933, and it is noteworthy that whereas the

peduncles are very minutely puberulous, the leaves are glabrous.

The allied genus Urgineopsis was founded on the single species

U. Salieri from the Cape Peninsula (Journ. Bot. 1930, 107) and “ differs

from Urginea chiefly in the markedly gamophyllous perianth ” and

“ from Rhadamanthus in the erect flowers and non-connivent stamens.”

Prior to the publication of this, Miss A. Duthie in Ann. Univ. Stellen¬

bosch, vi. sect. A, no. 2 (Feb. 1928), gave an account of the species

of Urginea of the Stellenbosch Flats. In this paper Miss Duthie

described five new species, three of them, U. pygmaea , U. minor and

U. gracilis , with perianth-lobes united at the base. At the same time

she drew attention to the fact that U. Dregei Baker (1897) also had the

perianth-lobes united at the base, and proposed a section Pseudo-

urginea for the four species distinguished by this character.

R. A. Dyer.

Fig. 1, bulb with two peduncles, natural size ; 2, leaves produced later in the

year and withering prior to the next flowering period, natural size ; 3, transverse

section of leaf, x 8 ; 4, peduncle, pedicel and spurred bract, x 8 ; 5, adaxial

view of spurred bract, x 8 ; 6, open flower showing slightly united perianth-

lobes, tailed anthers and short style, x 4 ; 7, adaxial view of stamens, showing

basal tails and apical pores, x 12 ; 8, abaxial view, x 12 ; 9, gynoecium, x 8 ;

10, transverse section of ovary, x 8.

Tabula 3248.

NISSOLIA HINTONI Sandwith .

Leguminosae. Tribus Hedysareae.

N. Hintoni Sandwith ; species nova, N. laxiori (Robinson) Rose

atque N. montanae Rose affinis, ramulis (setis exceptis) foliis foliolisque

ab initio omnino glabris nec pubescentibus, inflorescentiis dense setosis

ceterum glabris, bracteis conspicue setoso-ciliatis, racemis elongatis

saepius speciose paniculatis nunquam ad pseudoverticillos redactis

diflfert ; praeterea a N. laxiore calyce setis exceptis glabro, a N. montana

dentibus calycinis multo longioribus distinguitur.

Frutex scandens ; ramuli setis exceptis glaberrimi, conspicue haud

dense flavescenti-setosi , setis vulgo 1-5 mm. longis. Stipulae lanceo-

latae, sparse setoso-ciliatae, 5-9 mm. longae, basi 1*2-2 mm. latae.

Folia glabra sed petiolis praecipue dimidio inferiore setosis ; petioli

3-7 cm. longi ; intemodium rhacheos inferius 1-2*2 cm. longum,

terminale pro rata brevius ; petioluli 1-2*2 mm. longi; foliola 5,

forma atque magnitudine valde variabilia, suborbiculari-oblonga vel

oblonga, foliolum terminale nonnunquam obovato-oblongum, utrinque

rotundata, obtusissima, apice 1*5-3* 5 mm. mucronata, basi rotundata

vel saepe levissime cordata, 1-6 cm. longa, 0*7-3* 5 cm. lata, juniora

tenuiter adulta firme chartacea, ab initio omnino glabra, nervis

lateralibus utroque costae latere circiter 7-8, his venuliscum in foliolis

vetustioribus tantum utrinque prominulis. Racemi multiflori, axillares,

solitarii vel superne saepius secus axin longum ita dispositi ut panicu-

lam speciosam floriferam praebeant ; racemi solitarii, 4-8 cm. longi ;

paniculae saepe usque ad 27 cm. longi, anguste pyramidales, racemis

1*5-6 cm. longis nunquam ad pscudo-verticillos redactis; rhachis

paniculae racemorumque dense conspicue setosa ceterum glaberrima ;

bracteae anguste lanceolato-subulatae, conspicue setoso-ciliatae, valde

vanabiles, 4-8 mm. longae, 0*5-2 mm. latae ; pedicelli esetosi vel

sparsissime setosi, necnon puberuli, 0* 6-1 • 1 cm. longi. Flores siccitate

1*2-1 *5 cm. longi. Calyx turbinato-campanulatus, truncatus, 4 mm.

longus, fere 5 mm. latus, in pedicellum 1 mm. supra articulum abrupte

angustatus, glaber sed sparse conspicue flavescenti-setosus ; dentes

subulati ac apice seta circiter 0*5 mm. longa tcrminati, seta inclusa

superiores fere 4 mm. inferiores 3 mm. longi. Petala siccitate virides-

centi-flava ; vexillum cum ungue ad 1*4 cm. longum, ungue circiter

2

3*2 mm. longo extra dimidio superiore dense pubescente, lamina

applanata suborbiculari 1 cm. lata extra praecipue dimidio inferior©

dense pubescente ; alae ungue 5 mm. longo prope apicem ciliato,

lamina oblonga 9*5 mm. longa 3*2 mm. lata prope basin ciliata ;

carinae petala laminis dorso cohaerentibus, ungue 5 mm. longo dimidio

superiore ciliato, lamina 9-5 mm. longa 4-2 mm. lata prope basin

ciliata. Stamina ad 1*3 cm. longa, vagina filamentisque glabris.

Omn’wmcylindricum, 5 mm. longum, 1 mm. diametro, dense flavescenti-

pubescens, stipite fere 1 • 5 mm. longo ; stylus inferne sparsissime pilosus,

fere 8 mm. longus ; ovula 2-3. Fructus totus 4 *3-5 *3 cm. longus,

stipite 4-7 mm. longo, articulis 1-2, inter articulos constrictus, conspicue

venosus, praesertim inferne satis dense pilosulus, stipite articuloque

inferiore sparse flavescenti-setosis, ala articuli superioris 1*1-1 *4 cm.

lata apice acuto vel obtuso.

Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : Carboneras,

2030 m., fl. Nov. 1932, Hinton 2334 (type) ; edge of crater, Volc&n,

1530 m., fl. Oct. 1932. Hinton 2213 ; Bejucos, 610 m., fl. Nov. 1932,

Hinton 2520 ; barranca. Ixtapan, 1000 m., fl. Dec. 1932, Hinton 2922 ;

hill, San Lucas del Maiz, fr. Feb. 1933, Hinton 3335 ; “ stone fence,”

Rincon, 1930 m., fl. Nov. 1933, Hinton 5075. All these collections

were described as a vine.

The species of the scandent genus Nissolia are somewhat difficult to

separate owing to evident variability in certain characters such as the

size of the leaflets, the presence or absence of scattered bristles on the

brunchlets, calyx and fruit, and the development of the axillary

inflorescence. The present species is clearly well marked by its com¬

bination of the following features : completely non-pubescent branch-

lets, leaves and inflorescence ; copious setcse development on the

branchlets, and particularly on the inflorescence and the margins of the

conspicuous bracts ; remarkably well-developed and elongate racemes

and panicles ; large flowers with setose, but otherwise glabrous calyx

and long calyx-teeth ; and large sparsely setose fruit. The fact that

Mr. G. B. Hinton has made as many as six collections of a vine

presenting these peculiar characteristics is a fair guarantee of its

specific status even in a genus whose members have frequently been

regarded as ill-defined.— N. Y. Sandwith.

Fig. 1, part of branch with a single leaf and axillary panicle, natural size;

2, calyx, x 2 ; 3, vexillum, x 2 ; 4, ala, x 2 ; 5, carina, x 2 ; 6, androecium,

opened out, x 2 ; 7, gynoecium, x 4 ; 8, fruit, with persistent calyx, natural

size ; 9, longitudinal section of basal joint of fruit, natural size.

Tabula 3249.

PLATYMISCIUM LASIOCARPUM Sandwith.

Leguminosae. Tribus Dalbergieae.

P. lasiocarpum Sandwith ; species nova, P. hebestachyo Bentli.

affinis, foliolis semper 5 basi saepius cuneatis vel saltern obtusis subtus

pilosulis, lobis calycinis margine fere glabris, ovario villoso atque

fructu tomentoso differt ; P. pubescens Micheli, species austro-

brasiliensis, foliolis multo angustioribus subtus adpresse pubescentibus,

calyce tomentoso differt; P.fragram Rusby, species boliviensis quae

fructu puberulo gaudet, foliolis angustioribus subtus adpresse

pubescentibus, stipite fructus multo breviore, fructu valde reticulato-

venoso e descriptione dibert.

Arbor satis magna, ramulis summis teretibus sulcatis, annotinis

satis crebre lenticellatis pubescentibus vel glabrescentibus, liornotinis

griseo-fulvo-tomentosis. Folia verticillata, imparipinnata, usque

33 cm. longa, petiolo rhachique crispule pilosulo-pubcscentibus ;

petiolus 5-8*5 cm. longus ; interuodium rhacheos inferius 3*7-7 cm.

longum, superius 2-4*5 cm . longum ; petioluli internodiis crassiores,

indumento simili, 4-7 mm. longi ; foliola 5, elliptica, rarius ovata vel

obovato-elliptica, apice breviter obtuse acuminata vel cuspidata, basi

cuneata vel obtusa, raro rotundata, 7-14 cm. longa, 4-9*5 cm. lata

(foliolum terminale lateralibus oppositis semper majus), firme chartacea,

supra nitida glabra, subtus opaca conspicue sed nervis exceptis baud

dense crispule pilosula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circiter 8-12 supra

prominulis subtus elevatis marginem versus arcuato-anastomosantibus,

rete venularum utrinque prominulo. Stipulae delapsae. Racemi

axillares, 3-5 apice ramulorum congregati itaque pseudo-terminales,

4-11 cm. longi, apice nonnunquam bifurcati, densiflori, statu florifero

usque ad 2 cm. lati, densissime griseo-pilosuli ; pedicelli brevissimi,

indumento conspicuo simili, 1*5 mm. longi; bracteae bracteolaeque

haud cito eaducae, obovatae vel obovato-oblongae, rotundato-obtusae,

2-2*3 mm. longae, 1*2-1 *5 mm. latae, extra dense griseo-tomentosae.

Calyx anguste campanulatus, oculo nudo glaber, siccitate nigro-

purpurascens, sub lente forti extra minute granulato-verruculosus ac

albo-lepidotus ; tubus 3*2 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus ; labium superius

1*5 mm. longum, ad medium in lobos duos parvos obtusos fissum ;

labium inferius e lobis tribus subaequalibus (intermedio majore)

2

deltoideo-triangularibus obtusis 1*5 mm. longis ad 1-6 mm. latis

constans ; lobi omnes sub lente satis sparse ciliati. Petala ut videtur

flava, glabra ; vexillum ungue 1-5 mm. longo, lamina late orbiculari-

elliptica apice rotundata brevissime emarginata basi rotundata baud

obliqua 8*5 mm. longa 6*5-7 mm. lata ; alae ungue 2-2*2 mm. longo,

lamina anguste ovato-oblonga basi valde obliqua 7 *2-7 *5 mm. longa

3-3*5 mm. lata ; carinae petala dorso cohaerentia, ungue 2 mm. longo,

lamina ei alarum simili, basi valde obliqua, latere superiore auriculato-

cordato, inferiore in unguem attenuato, 7*5 mm. longa, 2*8 mm. lata.

Stamina 10, monadelpha, glabra, ad 6 mm. longa. Ovarium dense

pallide fulvo-villosum, circiter 2 mm. longum, stipite 2-2*5 mm. longo

pilosulo vel inf erne glabrescente ; stylus glaber, 2 mm. longus ;

ovulum 1. Fructus oblongus, vix maturus ad 5 *5 cm. longus ad 1 *8 cm.

latus, chartaceus, dense molliter griseo-velutino-tomentosus, baud

reticulato-venosus ; stipes sub maturitate ad 1 *5 cm. longus ; stamina

persistentia e calyce exserta.

Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : tree 15 m.

high in field, Acatitlan, fl. 19 Jan. 1933, Hinton 3174 (type) ; large

tree in barranca, Bejucos, 610 m., fr. 14 Feb. 1933, Hinton 3389 ;

tree 15 m. bigb, frequent in the Luvianos valley near the base

of Nanchititla, 1450 m., foliage only, 25 Dec. 1933, Hinton 5396.

Vernacular name “ Granadillo.”

This very distinct species is clearly related to P. hebestachyum Benth.

which it’ resembles in the facies of its leaflets and inflorescence, but is

remarkable for the indumentum of the leaflets, ovary and fruit. The

remaining species assigned to the genus Platymisdum are glabrous in

these parts with the exception of the South Brazilian P. pubescens

Micheli, the Bolivian P.fragrans Rusby, and the Bolivian P. ellipticum

Rusby. Of these the first two are easily distinguished from P. lasio-

carpum by the characters given in the diagnostic description ; no

material of P. pubescens has been seen, and only fragmentary foliage

of P. fragrans. The third, P. ellipticum , which has fulvous-sericeous

fruits, has alternate leaves, small alternate leaflets, and a pod with

the upper suture slightly winged, characters which obviously remove it

from the genus Platymisdum . — N. Y. Sandwith.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, upper part of leaf, detached, natural

size ; 3, lower surface of leaf, x 4 ; 4, calyx, showing one bracteole, x 4 ;

5, vexillum, x 4 ; 6, ala, x 4 ; 7, carina, x 4 ; 8, androecium, opened out, x 4 ;

9, gynoecium, x 4 ; 10, fruit, natural size.

J260

Tabula 3250.

RHYNCHOSPORA COMPUSA Ballard .

Cyperaceae. Tribus Rhynchosporeae.

R. confusa Ballard , nom. nov. Syntrinema brasiliense Radik, et

Pfeiff. ex H. Pfeiff. in Fedde, Rep. xxi. 238, t. 21 A, fig. a (1925), quoad

specim., excl. char, nonnull. — Affinis R. minarum Steud. a qua in-

florescentia congestiore semper monocephala, bracteis involucralibus

brcvioribus et foliorum basibus vaginiformibus latissimis difiert.

Planta perennis. Rhizoma breviter repens, validum, lignosum,

nodosum, foliorum vetustiorum basibus dense vestitum. Folia

numerosissima, basalia, imbricata, usque ad 16 cm. longa vel ultra,

basibus vaginiformibus chartaceis fere usque ad 4 cm. longis et 2 cm.

latis, apice abrupte contracts, marginibus saepe subhyalinis ; laminae

subcarinatae, superne attenuatae, usque ad 5 mm. latae, coriaceae,

rigidiusculae, inferne marginibus ciliatae superne scabridulae, ceterum

glabrae laevesque. Cuhni usque ad 10 cm. longi vel ultra, leviter

complanati, haud triquetri, striati, glabri, monocephali. Inflorescentia

composita, late obconica, usque ad 2 cm. diametro, pallide rubro-

brunnea ; bracteae involucrales numerosae, imbricatae, lanceolatae,

acutae vel acuminatae, usque ad 1-8 cm. longae, 4 mm. latae, spiculis

raro longiores, striatae, tenuiter pubescentes vel apicem versus laxe

pilosae vel glabrescentes. Spiculae dense congestae, elliptico-lanceolatae,

7-10*5 mm. longae, 2-3 mm. latae, lateraliter complanatae, 3-6-florae,

flores 2 inferiores ceteri Squamae carinatae, lateraliter compressae,

usque ad 9 mm. longae, acutae vel obtusae, plerumque mucronatae ;

squamae steriles 3. Nux immatura atro-brunnea, apice minute

rugulosa ; stylus simplex, apice truncatus ; setae 6, fcrrugineae, antrorse

scabridae ; florum juniorum filamenta plus minusve connata.

Brazil. Goyaz, Aug. 1912, Ph. von Lutzelburg 1223, 15483 ; West

Bahia : campinas Boa Esperan9a, 1912, Ph. von Lutzelburg 15484.

The present plant was first described by H. Pfeiffer in 1925 under the

name Syntrinema brasiliense Radik, et Pfeiff. This name had actually

been suggested by Radlkofer ten years previously, as is shown by a

note written on a sheet of von Lutzelburg 1223 in the herbarium at

Munich. The preparation of the description and accompanying notes,

2

however, was the work of the junior author, Radlkofer being 95 years of

age at tho time it was written.

The description is accompanied firstly by a habit figure (fig. a) of the

plant originally seen by Radlkofer. Secondly, there are six figures

(figs, c-h) purporting to be dissections of the spikelet of Syntrinema ,

but which, quite obviously, belong to a very different plant. Lastly,

a ground plan of the spikelet (fig. b) is given which also does not refer

to Syntrinema. In fact, the last two sets of drawings illustrate the

genus Chorisandra — a genus only very distantly related to the present

one. They appear to be adaptations from N. E. Brown’s drawings of

that genus in C. B. Clarke’s “ Illustrations of Cyperaceae ” (t. 119).

The description itself is also a mixture combining the gross mor¬

phological features of Radlkofer’s Syntrinema with the floral details

of one or more species of Chorisandra . Curiously enough, the particular

character which served Radlkofer as a basis for his generic name is

entirely ignored. In 1915 Radlkofer wrote as follows on a sheet at

Munich : “ Genus Cyperacearum novum, ut videtur, cujus stamina in

flor. connata nomen Syntrinema (S. brasiliense) supped itant.”

One is forced to conclude that the published description was partly

based on figures illustrating dissections of Chorisandra , which had in

some way become associated with the specimens of Syntrinema.

Pfeiffer must have had some misgivings, however, regarding

Radlkofer’s note about the connate stamens, since, in his remarks

following the description, he mentions that neighbouring male flowers

have their stamens connate at the base. This interpretation, although

quite incorrect, was the only way of reconciling Radlkofer’s observa¬

tion with the assumption that the male flowers were monandrous as in

Chorisandra.

The expression in the specific description, “ ovarium 2-lobum, 2-

loculare (an semper ?),” calls for explanation. It probably arose from

the fact that in N. E. Brown's drawing of the ground plan of the

Chorisandra spikelet two small round objects are shown within tho

ovary wall. To the uninitiated these might seem to indicate the

presence of two loculi or two ovules, whereas in reality they represent

the number of styles.

It should be mentioned that in 1933 Dr. Pfeiffer placed a note on the

sheet of von Lutzelburg 1223 in the Munich herbarium to the effect that

the original description required emending. Since then he has written

saying that it had been his intention to publish another paper and a

rectified description, but that he would refrain from doing so in view of

the present investigation.

The stamens in Rhynchospora confusa arc interesting. In the early

stages of the male flower, and possibly also in the hermaphrodite

flower, the filaments cohere, to what extent it is difficult to judge from

dried material. In this condition the stamens reach maturity. A

definite articulation is present between filament and anther, while

the anther itself is peculiar in possessing a short sterile portion above

this articulation. When the anther is quite mature and conditions

3

favour dehiscence, the filament apparently lengthens suddenly, possibly

by rapid elongation of individual cells, the anther emerges from the

squamae and dehiscence takes place. After this, the anther disarticu¬

lates from the filament and drops away.

Exactly the same arrangement is seen in Rhynchospora hirta Boeck.

(R. monadelpha C. B. Clarke), and a good figure showing the connate

stamens was published by Lindman in Bih. Svenska Vet.-Akad.

Handl. xxvi. Afd. 3, No. 9, t. 5 (1900).

The disarticulating type of stamen is found also in R. globosa Britton

and R. minarum C. B. Clarke, although connate filaments were not

observed. Nees also draws attention to this type in Nov. Act. Nat.

Cur. xix. Suppl. 1, 99 (1843), where, in a description of Sphaeroschoenus

Wallichii (Rhynchospora Wallichiana Kunth), he says, “ antherae

basi veluti in stipitem sterilem filiformem attenuatae eiusque opera

filamento, strictura arguta intercedente, impositae, ita ut primo attactu

defluant.”

All the specimens seen of Rhynchospora coyifusa had obviously been

badly burned, so that our illustration may not be altogether typical.

Uninjured plants probably attain much larger dimensions, the inflores¬

cences, without doubt, being borne on considerably longer culms.

F. Ballard.

Fiq. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, a spikelet, lateral view, x 6 ; 3, a young

<j? flower, x 8 ; 4, young stamens from flower, with connate filaments, x 6 ;

5, an old £ flower, with anthers shed, x 3 ; 6, very young nut, x 32.

if-

4

Tabula 3251.

HYPERICUM THASIUM Griseb.

Hypericaceae. Tribus Hypericeae.

H. thasium Griseb. Spic. FI. Rumel. et Bithyn. i. 227 (1843) ; Boiss.

FI. Or. i. 789 (1867), et Suppl. 130 (1888) ; Halacsy in Oesterr. Bot.

Zeitschr. xlii. 414 (1892) ; Velenovsky in Sitz. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. 1902,

xxvii. 4 ; Podpera in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, lii. 643 (1902) ;

Davidoff in Spis. Bulg. Akad. Nauk. xii. 74 (1915) ; Stefanoff in God.

Sof. Univ. 1918-20, xv.-xvi. 81 (1921) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins.

Balcan. i. 531 (1925) ; Stoyanoff et Stefanoff, FI. Bulg. 750 (1925),

et ed. 2, 708 (1933) ; Stefanoff in God. Agr.-lesov. Fak. Univ. Sofia,

xi. 160(1933) ; herba perennis sepalis aequilongis bracteisque longissime

fimbriato-setaceis, setis (ciliis) haud glandulosis, staminibus pentadel-

pliis, ovario quinqucloculari, stylis 5, a congeneribus facile distinguenda.

Herba perennis, glabra. Radix lignosa, radices secundarias numero-

sas emittens. Rhizoma horizontaliter curvatum. Caules numerosi,

ascendentes, fere teretes, usque ad 5*5 dm. alti, internodiis 0-5-4 cm.

longis cavis costis longitudinalibus duabus praeditis. Folia linearia,

infima anguste oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, obtusa, basi haud vel vix

angustata,interdumleviter cordato-amplexicaulia, basi haud articulata,

sessilia, plerumque 1-2 cm. longa et 1-4 mm. lata, pellucido-punctata,

margine plus minusve revoluta (in siccitate) et remote nigro-punctata.

Inflorescentia 3-45-flora, ramosa, laxa vel subcompacta, cymis 3-9-flori3 ;

bracteae superiores lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, circiter

8 mm. longae et 1 mm. latae, longe fimbriato-setaceae, glandulis

flavidis pellucido-punctatae, plus minusve nigro-punctatae. Calyx

profunde 5-partitus, segmentis ellipticis aequilongis 1-1 cm. longis

2 -5-3 -5 mm. latis (setis eglandulosis exclusis) 3-5-nerviis margine

longe barbato-setaceis flavido-pellucido-punctatis superne margineque

mgro-punctatis. Peiala obovato-oblonga, usque ad 2 cm. longa et

9 mm. lata, fiava, punctis subremotis fere rotundis nigris j uxta inarginein

una serie dispositis, punctis flavidis elongatis numerosis in paren-

chymate subsparse inspersis, venarum reticulo laxo. Stamina numero-

sissima, brevissime pentadelpha, 8-10 mm. longa ; antherae sub-

rotundae, 0-75 mm. longae, connectivo tenui glandula nigra superne

instructo. Ovarium elliptico-ovoideum, 5 mm. longum, 3-5 mm.

2

diametro, longitudinaliter 5-vittatum et striatum, carpellis dorso

carinato-convexis in stigmata 5 (rarissime 6) aequilonga primo erecta

deinde patentia attenuatis.

Thasos. “ Frequens inter frutices pr. Panajia alt. 0-200' locis

apricioribus, ubi consociatum viget cum II. perfoliate et perforate

(substr. calcar.) ” sec. Grisebach, l.c. ; Limenas, copiose, 4 Jun. 1891,

in prat, arenos., Bornmuller et Sintenis 346.

Thrace. Phanar, edge of cornfield, sandy soil near lagoon, 25 May

1930, //. G. Tedd 348A ; Bouloustra, 19 June 1931, sandy fields near

sea behind dunes, II. G. Tedd 348B.

South Bulgaria. In colie Sevri Kaja ad Harmanli, Jun. 1901,

StHbrny.

Hypericum thasium is the sole known representative of the section

Thasia Boiss. (FI. Or. i. 785 : 1867), a section distinguished by the

herbaceous habit, subpentadelphous stamens, 5 styles, 5-locular ovary,

5-valved capsule, and equal calyx segments which do not enlarge in

fruit. It is one of the very many morphologically and taxonomically

distinct endemics of the Balkan Peninsula. Originally described by

Grisebach from Thasos it has since been recorded from the South

Bulgarian plain near Harmanli and from lowland localities in both

eastern and western Thrace. Grisebach (l.c.) quotes as a synonym

Hypericum foliis linearibus , margine revolutis , Forskal, FI. Aeg. (Flor.

Constant, etc.) p. xxx. (1775). This identification is very doubtful

and must remain so till material collected by Forskal and so determined

by him has been examined.

Grisebach refers to the flowers as bibracteolate. In the material

dissected two bracteoles have never been found associated with one

flower. In the flowers of lateral cymes a single bract-like structure

was sometimes (not invariably) found at the base of the pedicel placed

laterally to the subtending bract. An examination of abundant living

material is necessary before it can be definitely stated whether this is

a true bracteole or (as the writer suspects) a bract whose axillary

flower is not produced beyond a very rudimentary stage.

Another interesting morphological feature is the transition from

foliage leaves to bracts and sepals. The foliage leaves range from

narrowly to broadly linear, are obtuse at the apex, and more or less

cordate-amplexicaul to truncate at the base. The lowest leaves, those

first produced on the chamaephytic perennating shoots, are usually

broader and may even be elliptic-oblong. The transition from the

uppermost foliage leaves to the first bracts subtending inflorescence

branches is sometimes abrupt, but in some specimens a shortening and

relative broadening of the leaf and the development of some marginal

bristles occur on one only or on both of the first “ bract ” pair. In

specimens with luxuriant inflorescences the leaves subtending the

lower inflorescence branches are developed as ordinary foliage leaves.

The bracts of the ultimate cymes show some range in size but frequently

3

both in this and in other characters they closely resemble the narrower

sepals so that it is possible to arrange a series of transitions showing no

real break from typical foliage leaves to sepals. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering plant, natural size ; 2, lower part of flowering

plant, natural size ; 3, portion of leaf showing lower surface, x 8; 4, bract, x 4;

5, two sepals, showing upper surface, x 4 ; 6, petal, x 3 ; 7, portion of stamen

bundle, x 3 ; 8, gynoecium, x 6 ; 9, transverse section of ovary, x 6.

t

8252

Tabula 3252.

ASTRAGALUS GLYCYPHYLLOIDES DC.

Leguminosae. Tribus Galegeae.

A. glycyphylloides DC. in DC. Prodr. ii. 292 (1825) ; Ledebour, FI.

Ross. i. 621 (1842) ; Boiss. FI. Or. ii. 267 (1872) ; Pan6. FI. Princ.

Serb. 246 (1874) ; Schmalhausen, FI. Sredn. i Yuzhn. Ross. 273 (1895) ;

Halacsy, Consp. FI. Graec. i. 438 (1900), et Suppl. 2 in Mag. Bot. Lap.

xi. 142 (1912) ; Velenovsky in Sitz. Bohm. Ges. Wiss. 1903, xxviii. 4 ;

Aschers. u. Graebn. Syn. Mitteleur. FI. vi. 2. 761 (1909) ; Fedtschenko,

FI. Evrop. Ross. 571 (1910) ; Stoyanofl et Stefanoff, FI. Bulg. 663

(1925), et ed. 2, 623 (1933) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. i. 775

(1926). A. serbicus Pand. ex Boiss. l.c. 268 in syn., nomen solum;

Beck in Reichb. Ic. FI. Germ. xxii. 102 (1903), et Flora Bosne, 278

(1927) ; non Wettstein. A. glycyphylloides var. serbicus Beck in Ann.

Nat. Hofmus. Wien, xi. 75 (1896) ; Aschers. u. Graebn. l.c. ; Hayek

l.c. A. galegijormis Pan6. in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, vi. 482

(1856), non L., fide Janka in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xix. 117 (1869).

A. Petrovicii Vel. l.c., sec. Hayek l.c. — Ab A. glycyphyUo L. cauli-

bus pilosis, calycibus adpresse nigro-hirtis, leguminibus brevioribus

6-12-ovulatis praecipue differt.

Caulis suberectus, subrigidus, leviter plus minusve patule pilosus,

usque ad 1 m. altus (in planta culta). Folia 7-22 cm. longa, 7-17-juga ;

foliola elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, breviter apiculata, basi rotundata,

2-5*5 cm. longa, 0*8-2 *2 cm. lata, supra glabra, subtus patule pilosa,

margine piloso-ciliata, costa nervisque subtus subprominentibus, supra

inconspicuis ; petioluli 1-2 mm. longi, dense patule pilosi ; stipulae e

basi triangulari longe subulato-lineares, integrae, nigro-pilosae, mem-

branaceae. Racemi floriferi 6-14 cm. longi (pedunculo 4*5-11*5 cm.

longo pilis nigris albisque instructo incluso), fructiferi vix elongati,

dense 8-17-flori; pedicelli 1-1*5 mm. longi; bracteae anguste lineares

vel lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, 3-4 mm. longae, circiter 0*5 mm.

latae ; bracteolae bracteis similes sed minores. Calycis tubus extra,

dentes utrinque, sicut bracteae, bracteolae, pedicelli, racemi rhachis,

pilis nigris adpressis copiosis praediti ; tubus 4*5 mm. longus, 3*5 mm.

diametro ; dentes anguste lineari-subulati, adaxiales 2*5 cm. longi,

abaxiales 3*5 cm. longi. Vexillum 1*4 cm. longum, 7 nun. latum ;

alao 1 *25 cm. longae ; carina 1 • 15 cm. longa. Tubus stafninahs 1 cm.

2

longus. Ovarium usque ad curvamen 1 cm. longum (stipite 2 mm.

longo incluso), glabrum. Legumen oblongum, 2 -2-2 *5 cm. longum

(stipite circiter 6 mm. longo et stylo persistente 2 mm. longo inclusis),

. 4-5 mm. diametro, adaxialiter valde sulcatum, junius breviter pilo-

sum, maturum fere glabrum. Semina 6-12, inaequaliter reniformia,

3-3*5 mm. X 2-2*5 mm.

Serbia. In sylvestribus m. Ozren, Mai.-Jul. 1873, Pandit.

Bosnia. In silvis montis Trebevid, c. 1200 m., 4 Jul. 1906 et 5 Aug.

1906, Maly ; Trebevid, 21 June 1931, GiUiat-Smith 2821 ; cult, in

Herb. Ground, Kew, 1934, from seeds communicated by Maly.

Crimea. Sine loco, Steven ; in silvis supra pagum Molbai, 21 Jun.

1900, Callier 683.

Bithynia. Olympus, Aucher-Eloy 1298 ; Mt. Ida, in marmor.

prop. Kareikos, Jul. 1883, Sintenis 627 ; in regione silvatica montis

Olympi, supra Brussa, 1000-1200 m., 31 Mai. 1899, Bornmuller 4385.

Caucasus. Iberia, Steven.

In addition to the records given above, which are from specimens in

the Kew Herbarium, the species, in the sense in which it is accepted

here, is recorded from Greece, Thessaly, North Macedonia, Montenegro,

and Hercegovina, as well as from additional localities in the areas

named.

The chief taxonomic problem which has had to be elucidated is the

relationship of A . serbicus Pand. with A . glycyphylloides DC. T he latter

was based on Steven’s material from Iberia (Caucasus). Accepting as

authentic the Kew material (in fruit) thus written up, no structural

differences can be found between Steven’s plant, Crimean specimens,

and those from the Balkan Peninsula, apart from minor fluctuations.

Beck’s note that the description of De Candolle cannot apply to material

from the Balkan Peninsula, is true so far as the phrase “ stipulis

oblongis substipitatis foliaceis ” is concerned. Equally, this phrase

cannot apply to any other species of the group to which A. glycyphyllus

and A. glycyphylloides belong. It is suggested here that De Candolle

mistook a pair of leaflets for stipules either through their being mis¬

placed in mounted material or by not correctly interpreting the reduced

leaves which sometimes subtend inflorescences and which have a pair

of leaflets very low down. The leaflets of the pinnate leaf are normally

opposite, except for the odd terminal leaflet, but occasionally a sub¬

opposite arrangement appears. — W. B. Turrill.

Fia. 1, small portion of upper part of plant, natural size ; 2, portion of lower

surface of leaflet, x 4; 3, calyx, x 3 ; 4, vexillum, x 3 ; 5, ala, adaxial side,

x 3; 6, ala, abaxial side, x 3; 7, carina, x 3; 8, androecium, x 3; 9,gynoecium,

x 3; 10 and 11, legumes, x 1-5; 12, seed, x 4.

32 <5 3

o

£

kA

Tabula 3253.

VERBASCUM GRACILE Turrill.

SCROPHULAKIACEAE. TribllS VERBASCEAE.

V. gracile Turrill ; species nova, ab affini V. nobili Vel. caule plus

minusve stellato-tomentoso viridi, foliis basalibus fere ad costam

profunde pinnatipartitis praecipue recedens.

Planta biennis (raro perennans). Radix primaria verticalis, basi

1*3 cm. diametro. Caulis stricte erectus, rigidus, foliosus, teres, basi

adpresse stellato-tomentosus, canescens, ceterum viridis, parce stellato-

tomentosus, superne valde ramosus, usque ad 15-21 dm. altus (in

cultis). Folia basalia rosulam formantia, usque ad 3-85 dm. longa

(petiolo canaliculato 1*25 dm. longo incluso) et 1 dm. lata, lamina

ambitu anguste oblonga apice rotundata obtusa vel subacuta, matura

inaequaliter pinnatipartita, segmentis oblongis vel anguste oblongis

patentibus usque ad 5 cm. longis et 3*5 cm. latis, superioribus plus

minusve confluentibus acutis vel obtusis, inferioribus liberis acutis vel

subacutis, omnibus irregulariter dentatis vel sublobatis, juniora angus-

tiora grosse dentata haud vel vix pinnatipartita, omnia supra parce

subtus sat dense cano- vel albo-tomentosa, pilis stellatis praedita ;

folia caulina inferiora basalibus subsimilia sed petiolo breviore, media

gradatim minus pinnatipartita minoraque, elliptica vel ovato-elliptica,

breviter acuminata, 1 *9-0*9 dm. longa, 7 *5-3*5 cm. lata, sessilia,

supenora ovata, multo minora, longe sensim acuminata, in bracteas

gradatim transeuntia. Inflorescentia laxe paniculato-ramosa (in planta

culta ramis numerosissimis instructa), ramis tenuibus rigidiusculis

teretibus glabris vel junioribus plus minusve stellato-tomentellis.

fasciculi jam sub anthesi remoti, 2- (rarissime 3-)flori, interdum

ramorum apicem versus flore uno abortivo praediti ; pedicelli 3-7 mm.

:on8b graciles, ebracteolati ; bracteae ultimae squamiformes, ovato-

anceolatae, acutae, 2-2*5 mm. longae, 1-1*5 mm. latae, virides,

g a brae. Calyx 2-3 mm. longus, fere ad basin in lacinias oblongo-

anceolatas acutas margine glandulis minutissimis breviter stipitatis

vel subsessilibus obsitas partitus, ceterum glaber. Corolla lutea,

15-23 mm. diametro, leviter (postice praecipue) pellucide punctata,

extra intusque glabra, lobis late obovatis fere (inferioribus praecipue)

orbicularibus 6-8 mm. longis latisque. Stamina circiter 7 mm. longa,

nlamentis abaxialibus apice nudis ceterum ut adaxialibus pilis longis-

simis flavido-albidis plus minusve clavatis superne densissime villoso-

2

lanatis, antheris omnibus reniformibus medifixis. Stylus 6-7*5 mm.

longus, glaber, superne subincrassatus, stigmate oblongo-spathulato

terminatus ; ovarium ellipsoideo-ovoideum, 1*5-2 mm. longum,

1-1*25 mm. diametro, densissime adpresseque albido-stellato-tomen-

tellum. Capsula late ellipsoidea vel ellipsoideo-obovata, leviter com-

planata, truncata et leviter emarginata, 3 • 5 mm. longa, 3 mm. diametro,

matura glabrescens, plus minusve irregulariter verruculosa. Semina

brcviter obconico-prismatica, 0*6-0*75 mm. longa, 0*4-0 *5 mm.

diametro, subseriatim vel interdum irregulariter foveolato-corrugata.

Tiirace. Near Xanthie, Soune Mahalla, 92 m., 4 June 1930,

rocky places etc. on hill slopes, height about three feet, II. G. Tedd

385 ; grown from seed, collected, in the same locality, 31 July 1931,

in the Herbarium Ground, Kew, 1933, as K. 1019 and K. 1020.

The genus Verbascum has recently been monographed by Prof. S.

Murbeck (Monographic der Gattung Verbascum, Lund, 1933), and

on his classification the species here described must be placed in

Sect. I. Bothrosperma , Subsect. I. Fasciculata , B. Isandra , b. Ebracteo-

lata , p Leiantha. Within the group Leiantha it is morphologically allied

to V. nobile Vel. and V. Nikolovii Stoy., showing some characters of

one, some of the other. It is with the former that the closest com¬

parison can be drawn : indeed, it is specifically separated from

V. nobile with considerable hesitation.

Velenovsky in his original description of V. nobile (FI. Bulg. Suppl.

209 : 1898) noted the absence of leaves in the upper part of the

stem, which is purple. Murbeck (l.c.) describes the stem as

“ atrorubens.” The specimens in the Kew Herbarium show this

character conspicuously, while the material of V. gracile has green

stems and stem-branches. Again, the basal leaves of V. nobile are

described as eleganter multi-lobatis ” (Vel.) or with the lamina

“ obovato- v. lanceolato-oblonga, obtusa, margine nunc subintegerrima

v. leviter sinuato-undulata, nunc sinuato-lobata i plicata, lobis late

rotundatis integris v. infimis rotundato-triangularibus crenatis ”

(Murb.). This agrees with the material at Kew of V. nobile , but

V . gracile has pinnatipartite basal leaves (in both wild and cultivated

material). V. gracile is on the whole more hairy (stellate-tomentose)

than is V. nobile — especially on the stem. Lastly V. nobile is so far

known only from Bulgaria (near Tatar-Pazardjik, Ali KoSovo, Plovdir,

PeStera, Trigrad), considerably to the north of Xanthie.

V. Nikolovii was described by Stoyanoff (Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulg. i.

75 : 1926) from material collected “ ad vias prope Kavala.” In the

description of its basal leaves as “ fere ad medium prof unde pinnati-

partita ” it seems to resemble V. gracile. It is, however, described as

a much smaller plant (Murb.), with an aphyllous glabrous stem (Stoy.).

The size of the corolla (3-3*5 cm. diam.) is greater than that of

V. gracile — or any other species of the group.

In addition to the species referred to above, two others can be

3

advantageously compared with V. gracile. Mattfeld and Stefanoff

described (in Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulg. i. 101, t. 1 : 1926) V. Dingleri from

“ Kalkfelsen bei Derwent (Derbent), unweit Dedeagatsch.” The

material had been collected by H. Dingier fifty years previously. The

species, while belonging to the same group as V. gracile , is distinguished

from it (and from other allied species) by the bipmnatilobed (better

bipinnatipartite or bipinnatifid—according to the plate) basal leaves.

V. pseudonobile Stoy. et Stef, (in Jahrb. xx. Umv. Sofia^ Agronom.

Fak. II. 69 : 1924) is distinguished from the species mentioned above

especially by the presence of bracteoles a little above the base of the

primary flower of every fascicle. While it is thus placed by Murbeck

in another group “ a. Bracteolata,” its affinity in other characters

with V. gracile , V. mobile , etc. is easily recognized. The type was

originally described from specimens collected “ in rupibus calcareis

ad montem Ali-Botus, prope vie. Petrovo et Gaitaninovo,” and a

specimen at Kew shows that it is distinct from V. gracile. Stoyanoff

and Stefanoff, however, describe (l.c.) a “ var. acutiloba ” in the

following terms : “ lobis foliorum rosularum acutis subintegris. Supra

urbem Xanti (Thracia mer.).” It is possible that F. pseudonobile

var. acutiloba is the same as F. gracile. The variety is apparently

ignored by Murbeck in his monograph.

Some stress is laid by authors upon the height to which the species

of this group grow. The following are the maximum recorded heights

for the species mentioned above : F. gracile , 21 dm. ; F. mobile ,

15 dm. ; F. Nikolovii, 4 dm. ; F. Dingleri , 6 dm. ; F. pseudonobile,

8 dm. — W. B. Turrill.

1'iG. 1, entire flowering plant, x £ •, 2, leaf of first year rosette, natural size ;

3, lateral flowering branch, natural size ; 4, flower with corolla and androecium

removed, x 6 ; 5, three lobes of corolla, x 3 ; 6, adaxial stamen, x 6 ; 7, ovary

and lower part of style, x 12 ; 8, portion of fruiting branch, natural size;

9, capsule, x 4 ; 10, seed, x 20.

Tabula 3254.

POLYGONUM ICARICUM K. II. Rechinger.

POLYGONACEAE. Tribus EUPOLYGONEAE.

P. icaricum K. H. Rechinger in Magyar Bot. Lap. xxxiii. 8, t. 3,

fig. 3 (1934); a P. setoso Jacq. habitu dense suflruticoso-caespitoso,

foliis acutis brevioribus latioribusque, floribus minoribus facile dis-

tinguendum.

Svffrutex interne valde lignosus et identidem ramosus, usque ad

1«6 dm. altus, dense multicaulis. Caules erecti vel ascendentes,

glabri, inferne aphylli, internodiis superioribus novellis lierbaceis

viridibus 5-10 mm. longis tenuibus longitudinaliter tenuiter sed pro-

funde sulcatis. Folia linearia vel anguste elliptico-linearia, 8-12 mm.

longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata, acuta, haud vel vix mucronata, inferne angustata

sed vix vel bre viter petiolata, pulvillo 0*5-0*75 mm. longo nervoso,

marginibus leviter revolutis, glabra, viridia, costa supra subprominente

infra prominente, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis vel 1-2 infra praecipue

subprominentibus ; ochreae hyalinae, tubuloso-amplectentes vel plus

minusve fimbriato-lacerae, 3-7 mm. longae, multinerviae. Flores 1-2

in foliorum superiorum minorum axillis orti ; inflorescentia 1 *2-2 *5 cm.

longa, internodiis 2-5 mm. longis ; pedicelli infra articulationem 1 • 5 mm.

longi, supra articulationem ampliati 0*75 mm. longi. Perigonium

corollinum, rubicundo-album ; tepala 5, uninervia, obsolete venulosa,

apice rotundata, externa ovato-oblonga, T75 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata,

interna oblonga, 2 mm. longa, 1*3 mm. lata. Stamina 0*75-1*25 mm.

longa, 3 leviter majora ; filamenta basi ampliata, superne subulata.

Gynoecium immaturum 1*25 mm. longum ; ovarium triquetrum, stylis

brevibus.

Ikaria (Nikaria). In summo jugo supra pagum Hag. Kyrikos, in

fissuris rup. gneiss., ca. 950 m., 24-25 Jun. 1932, K. II. Rechinger 2220.

Samothrace. Mt. Fengari, 1480 m., in crevices of vertical rock,

in flower 28 June 1934, II. G. Tedd 1472 A dwarf bushy shrub with

pink-white flowers.

The species of Polygonum Sect. Avicularia are generally recognized

as forming a group difficult to classify in a clear and satisfactory

manner. This applies more especially to the annual species (§ Annua

2

Boiss.). In the Mediterranean Region perennial herbaceous (§ Perennia

Boiss.) and suffruticose (§ Fruticulosa Boiss.) species occur in increasing

numbers from west to east, reaching a maximum in the area from

Syria and Asia Minor to Persia. Polygonum equisetiforme S. et S.

and P. maritimum L. are the best-known species of the Perennia

subsection and both are widespread in the Mediterranean Basin, the

former also extending east to Afghanistan. P. longipes Hal. et Charr.

(Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xl. 164 : 1890) is compared, inter alia , with

P. equisetiforme and, judging from the description, must be a member

of the same subsection. It was discovered “ in locis siccis ad litora

maris Aegaei prope Thessalonicam usque ad altitudinem 206 mt.,

nec non ad vias urbis,” and is retained by Hayek (Prod. FI. Penins.

Balcan. i. 110 : 1924) as a valid species, but his reference to P. creticum

var. graecum Meisn. has not been traced. P. icaricum must be placed

in the subsection Fruticulosa , and appears to be most closely related

to P. setosum Jacq. No species of this subsection had been recorded

previously from the Aegean Islands.

P. setosum was described and very crudely figured by Jacquin

(Obs. iii. 8, t. 57 : 1768), who quotes Tournefort’s Polygonum Orientale

Caryophylli folio , flore mag no , albo (Cor. 39 : 1719) in synonymy.

Jacquin records a specimen in the Gronovian herbarium, communicated

by Vaillant and bearing the Tournefortian phrase-name. Jaubert

and Spach (Ill. ii. t. 125 : 1844-46) give an excellent figure and

description of P. setosum. Quoting from Herb. Tournefort they give

the original locality as Armenia and add Aucher-Floy 2588, also

(according to Boissier) from Armenia. A specimen of the latter

number is at Kew. Boissier (FI. Or. iv. 1039 : 1879) includes speci¬

mens from Lydia (supra Bozdagh, Bal.) and near Baibut (Bourg.) in

the species and makes a new variety (var. restionoides) for specimens

from prov. Musch, Armenia, and from the Cataonian Taurus. Armenian

specimens collected by Sintenis are in Herb. Kew., as are also more

recently collected sheets from the Amanus and Akher Dagh. Thus,

apart from Balansa’s Lydian material, which has not been seen by

the writer, P. setosum is known only from Armenia, Cataonia, and

S.E. Anatolia- — more than 1000 km. from Samothrace and hardly less

from Ikaria.

An account of the botany of Samothrace has been given bv Degen

(Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. xli. 301, 329 : 1891). The only species of

Polygonum recorded from the island was P. equisetiforme S. et S.,

but the specimen was so poor that the identification remains doubtful

(l.c. 337).

Both Rechinger’s and Tedd’s specimens are in flower only and the

flowers are not old enough to give any clear indication of fruit characters.

The older inflorescences show more or less zigzag bending, but it is

uncertain whether this is natural or due to treatment on drying.

The plate and description published here have been based on Tedd’s

material from Samothrace. In this the ochreas are on the whole

somewhat more lacerated than in the type ; the perigone is pink-white,

not purely white in the upper part and green in the lower. Rechinger’s

description of the stems as simple caules . . . simplices,” “ immer

unverzweigte Stengel’ —applies only to the young green branches,

not to the lower older brown branches, which increase in woodiness

with age, branch repeatedly, and are apparently all included in the

rhizome system by Rechinger. The young stems of the Samothracian

specimens are apparently darker green than those of the Ikarian

plants, which are described by Rechinger as pallide virides, in vivo

subglaucescentes. ” None of the above characters are considered to

indicate more than very minor fluctuations within the one species.

Ikaria (also known as Nikaria and Kariot) is about 315 km. to the

south (slightly south by east) of Samothrace, and is from its position

better regarded as belonging to Asia Minor than to the Cyclades and

Greece. The discontinuity of known distribution of P. icaricum may

be partly due to our still meagre knowledge of the flora of many of

the islands in and land masses bordering the Aegean Sea. On the

other hand there is obviously a considerable real discontinuity since

both Ikaria and Samothrace are now islands. It may well be postulated

that the discontinuity in distribution of P. icaricum (as of many other

species) had its origin in the break-up of the Aegean continent in

geologically recent times. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, portion of a plant, natural size ; 2, portion of stem with two nodes and

foliage leaf, x 6 ; 3, portion of stem with one node, showing ochrea in the abaxial

view, x 6 ; 4, flower, x 12 ; 5, perianth and androecium, split and flattened

out, x 10 ; 6, gynoecium, x 20.

Tabula 3255.

AGAPETES LINEAEIFOLIA C. B. Clarke.

Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae.

A. linearifolia C. B. Clarke in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 449 (1882) •

Airy-Shaw in Kew Bull. 1935, 41 ; ab A. nutante Dunn inflorescentia

mult-o brevius pedunculata, pedicellis apice conspicue cupulatim

expansis, calyce majore vix ad medium usque fisso, corolla subduplo

breviore discedit ; ab etiam affini A. n eriifolia (King et Prain)

Airy-Shaw foliis angustioribus, calyce 5-lobo nec subintegro, corolla

multo minore, ab A. angustifolia (Knagg) Airy-Shaw pedicellis carnosis

nec filiformibus, corolla breviter subconica, praecipue diilert.

Stiff rutex epiphyticus, radicibus scandens, glaberrimus, basi bulbosa

vel tumida (teste F. K. Ward), radices tuberosas anguste napiformes

hinc inde emittens. Caules humiles, parce ramosi, 30-40 cm alti

1-2 mm. crassi, terctcs, lenticellis parvis sparsis praediti, cortice cinereo-

brunneo. Foha alterna, subdistiche disposita, lanceolato-linearia

lO-lo cm. longa, 0-7 1-3 cm lata, in apicem acutissimum sensim

attenuate basi in petiolum robustum 2-4 mm. longum supra canal?

culatum rotundato-contracta, marline valde revnln+o ™ • P C .

8 cm bngi aiis l te ^6 !6 68’ COrymbosi> » breviores, usque

bracteae ft brae Jl ^T' aPIcem versus incrassata, striata ;

sitae PeJZn; , • minutlsslmae> deltoideae, ima basi pediceUorum

tionibus So l m a-I1S VerS"S COuferti> ex ^veolis velut excava-

incrassati ^ "r.,1’0”na basl. sublto va^e contracti, apicem versus

diametrn ’ 2 ' 2, cm’ lon8'’ aPlce articulati et in cupulam 2-5 mm.

eimn f °pVariUm (^eptaculum) sub anthesin semi-gmplectentem

etPla “• ftexptaculum subglobosum, sub anthesin 2-3 mm. longum

diamefrn’ 8ed.P?st fecundationem mox valde auctum, usque 1 cm.

diametro’ 8tC,a,rlat'n,'m- CahJx breviter ellipsoideo-cylindricus, 5-6 mm.

trianmilat;) 0 • • mm> lon8° membranaceo 5-ncrvi, lobis anguste

CoroUa nvr Uj .circite* 3 rnm- ^ngia basi 1-3 mm. latis acutissimis.

ciroifpr 1Il(*ri^°‘conica» 1*3-1 -4 cm. longa, basi circiter 4 mm., ore

gj i ^ IJ11o. diametro, lobis brevissimis deltoideis acutis vix reeurvis,

circit a> r Vlri glaucescens, basi siccitate pallidiore. Filamenta

er ° mm* l°uga, glabra, nonnunquam abnormaliter in tubum plus

2

minus perfecte connata. Antherae anguste lanceolatae, 9-10 mm.

longae, ad sinus corollae attingentes, thecis densissime scabro-papillosis

circiter 4 mm. longis basi obscure appendiculatis, rostris siccitate

pallidis laevibus 5-6 mm. longis inferne connatis dorso ecalcaratis.

Stylus filiformis, 1*4 cm. longus, stigmate inconspicuo. Fructus

ignotus.

Assam. Mishmi Hills : Thumath Summit, 1836, Griffith (Kew

distrib. no.) 3480 (type) : — “ Frutex epiphytic. Pedunc. pedicell. calyc.

rosaceo-carneis, alab. livido-caeruleis.” Camp, Chibaon, Delei Valley,

28° 10' N., 96° 30' E., 1800 m., 6 Apr. 1928, F. K. Ward 8021 “ An

epiphytic root climber. Base bulbous. Corolla green ; pedicel, calyx

and ovary scarlet. Flowers passing over. A somewhat straggling and

lolling plant of the temperate rain forest.”

Originally collected by Griffith nearly a century ago, A. linearifolia

was described from Griffith’s sterile specimens by C. B. Clarke in the

Flora of British India and relegated to the species non satis notae.

Capt. Kingdon Ward’s excellent material now enables A. linearifolia to

be assigned its proper place in the genus. From A. nutans Dunn it is

readily distinguished by the glabrous peduncle, by the conspicuous

cupular apical expansion of the pedicels, and by the calyx segments

being connate halfway or more. From A. angustifolia (Knagg) Airy-

Shaw, which agrees with the present plant in the points just mentioned,

A. linearifolia differs in its thickened, almost fleshy peduncle and

pedicels, and in its short, subconical corolla.

The occasional occurrence of flowers in which the filaments are

connate into a tube (fig. 8) affords an interesting parallel to some

American genera of Thihaudieae , such as Satyria Klotzsch, in which

united filaments are a constant feature. — H. K. Airy-Siiaw.

Fiq. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower surface, natural size ;

3, apex of pedicel, receptacle and calyx, x 3 ; 4, the same, with part of calyx

cut away to show disk and style, x 3 ; 5, part of coroUa from within, x 3 ;

6, stamen, lateral view, x 6 ; 7, the same, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, three stamens,

abaxial view, showing occasional abnormal union of filaments, x 3.

cj 256

S.K-C

Tabula 3256.

AGAPETES PENSILIS Airy-Skaw.

Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae.

A. pensilis Airy-Shaw in Kew. Bull. 1935, 52 ; ex affinitate remotiore

A. Hosseanae Diels, A. yunnanensis Franch., A. Alannii Hemsl.

(omnium pariter filamentis longis pubescentibus gaudentium) ; caulibus

dense pilosis, foliis parvis ovatis coriaceis, et praecipue florum sub-

sessilium subsolitariorum receptaculo cum corolla hirsuto facile

recognoscenda.

Snffrutex epiphyticus, scandens, a ramis arborum longe pendulus,

ramosissimus. Caules graciles, 1-2 mm. (vetustiores usque 3 mm.) crassi,

dense et longiuscule brunneo-pilosi, e parte basali radices napelliformes

usque 3*5 cm. longas emittentes. Folia parva, ovata usque elliptico-

oblonga, 1-1-6 cm. longa, 0- 5-1*1 cm. lata, basi angustato-rotundata,

apice obtusa usque subacuta, apiculata, margine integerrimo leviter

revoluto pauciciliato vel fere eciliato, utraque pagina pilis paucis

brevibus aegre v.s.bihbus conspersa (sed folia innovationum plus minus

dense pubesccntia), supra siccitate surde viridia, rugulosa, subtus

pallidiora, plana, coriacea, costa et nervis supra impressis subtus

XTvTi- P'"”/- 1 ">'»■ hf vel JC tS

, 9 ; " fr,,lnl’ Ut Vldeflr parcissime editi, subsessiles, pedicello

(1“ ! j ng0; . Recef™uhm turbinatum, circiter 2 mm. diametro et

aeq longum, totum longe ac dense setoso-pilosum. Calycis segmenta

l * ra.’ ovat°‘deltoidea, circiter 2 mm. longa et basi subaequilata,

8u acuminata, acuta, dorso longe pilosa sed minus dense ac receptacu-

m. toroUa cylmdrica, sursum levissime angustata, tubo 1 -7 cm. longo

cirot me^r° a^o_ roseo_vittato, segmentis deltoideis viridibus

iteri 6r basi aequilatis acutis recmvis apice ipso

aibig1*! r?clf!rvo» ex^ra longiuscule et densiuscule glanduloso-pilosa, pilis

sparsiu i mm' ^on8|s glandulis fuscis oblongis, fauce breviter et

leviter dMerndul°S0’Pil080- Filamenta libera, lineari-subulata, basi

Anthc ai i .a> Plana’ circiter 12 mm- longa et 0-5 mm. lata, pilosa.

fila ^evi^er cohaerentes, anguste lanceolatae, 6 mm. longae,

do 18 8Ubaequilatae, circiter 1 mm. supra basin rotundatam

noip1 ae> rostr*8 Ubejis apicem versus subattenuatis rigidis parte

m » i- ?ra PauH° longioribus subobtusis poro oblongo dehiscentibus,

e 10 oorso calcaribus duobus papilloso-scabridis angulo recto porrectis

2

angulo recto iterum sursum refractis totis circiter 1-5 mm. longis

instructae, antherarum alternarum calcaribus porrectioribus. Stylus

filiformis, 1 -7 cm. longus, glaber, stigmate truncato obscure denticulato

vix expanso. Fructus ignotus.

Upper Burma. Valley of the Seinghku, 28° 5' N., 97° 30' E., 2400-

2700 m., 25 Sept. 1926, F. K. Ward 7458 (type) : — u A pendent epiphyte

in the upper rain forest, hanging from the boughs of large trees by the

yard, or curtaining their trunks. Flowers striped pink and white with

a green toothed rim. Small carrot-like water-storing tubers occur at

the base, but these are very small compared with the large globular

structures found on other species which grow in parts of Burma where

there is a long dry season.”

N.W. Yunnan. Prope fines Tibeto-Birmanicas inter fluvios

Lu-djiang (Salween) et Djiou-djiang (Irrawadi or. sup.), in jugi

Tschiangschel, 27° 52', lateris occid. pluviisilva mixta temperata, substr.

granitico, circiter 2800-3450 m., 5 Jul. 1916, Handel- Mazzetti 9352

(Herb. Kew.) : — “ Frutex epiphyticus pendulus bulbos lignosos edens.”

Closely related to A. spissa and A. brachypoda , especially the latter,

with which it agrees in the indumentum of the receptacle. The leaves,

however, are considerably smaller than those of A. brachypoda , and

the rather stiff pubescence of the undersurface distinguishes it from

both the species mentioned. — H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, showing pendent habit, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower

surface, x 2 ; 3, receptacle and calyx, x 3 ; 4, the same, two sepals removed

to show disk and style, x 3 ; 5, part of corolla from within, x 3 ; 6, stamen

(filament in adaxial view, anther in lateral view), x 3 ; 7, upper part of filament

with anther, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, the same, lateral view, x 6.

UL

Tabula 3257.

AGAPETES BRACHYPODA Airy -Shaw.

Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae.

A. brachypoda Airy-Shaw in Kcw Bull. 1935, 51 ; A. pensili Airy-

Shaw affinis, ramis robustis parum ramosis, foliis duplo maioribus

crassius coriaceis glaberrimis distincta. J

Suffrutex parvus, patulus, interdum epiphyticus. Rami robusti

recti, subsimplices, usque 5 mm. diametro, dense patenti-hirsuti’

innovationibus ferrugineo-hirtis. Folia breviter ovata usque elliptica’

1 -5-2-1 cm. longa, 1-1-5 cm. lata, basi subcuneata usque rotundata’

apice rotundata, apiculata, margine revoluto integerrimo vel bine

inde cilio vel vestigio denticuli minuti interrupto, crasse rigide coriacea

glaberrima, siccitate pagina superiore rugulosa, cinereo-viridia paaina

mferiore laevia laete brunnescentia ; costa et nervi supra impress

subtus prominuli ; petiolus brevissimus, 1-2 mm. longus, transverse

rugosus, basi perul.s lmean-subulatis setiformibus usque 3 mm

m2 “to, ti blS' “ff ToIuto rcmo" c'*'ata-

•cutis'cfclrti “ettoi'i P""Ulr Sllp“ b“sin btacta>li“ bini, ov.tis

ciliolatis '»! , P7"l“ F“"C!8 pa™ btu,m«is membranaceis

dansevestiinm 9 /'"J’J"1”* °bconicuni, codcu, modo ac

4_g ]n ’ , 4 mm' dui,n('>tro. Calycis segmenta ovato-lanceolata,

submem 1m, t’a’ aM circlte.r “ mm- lata. breviter acuminata, acuta,

fere ofr;nt ,C-eaj n<'rvos,a’ lnclumento duplici parce vestita. Corolla

vittata I,:; cy1n'<lr1lca’ lnferne levissime ampliata, alba, frenuiter roseo-

breviter rinl & 1’7 cm. longo 5-6 mm. lato extra indumento duplici

pubescen/o C6nte -lntU8 basln versus Parce breviter et subtiliter

intusmin l8egm,?nt'8 trmngularibus reflexis 1-2 mm. longis acutis

applanntii l P„aplUcT marg'nibu8 glabrescentibus. Filamenla linearia,

Paullo si, ’ i Cl-U' onga’ O’® mm- lata, copiose pubescentia, basi vel

latarn „i P™ ba‘l’n m. dl,atation<?m oblongam 2 mm. longam 1 mm.

a 1 nm akruptiuscule ampliata. Antherae leviter cohaerentes,

2_3 ' 1 ° longo-lanceolatae, filamento dorsaliter basifixae eique

versiiim*+ Ilatac, 6 mm. longae, vix 1 mm. latae, rostris liberis apicem

•s ‘ittenuatis rigidis parte pollinifera brevioribus (2*5 : 3*5 mm.),

2

dorso supra medium calcaribus duobus papilloso-scabridis iis A. pensilis

simillimis instructae. Stylus filiformis, 1 • 7 cm. longus, glaber, stigmate

minuto vix expanso. Fructus ignotus.

Upper Burma. Mountains east of Fort Hertz, 27° 30' N., 97° 50' E.,

1800 m., 5 Sept. 1926, F. K. Ward 7369 “ Small spreading undershrub

on rocks or trees ; young foliage scarlet. Flowers white, with thin

pale pink stripes.”

Allied to A. spissa, but quite distinct in its sparse branching and

rounded-ovate leaves. The scarlet young foliage recalls the similar

phenomenon in another member of the Ericaceae , namely Pieris

formosa (Wall.) D. Don. — H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, leaf, lower surface, x 2 ; 3, receptacle

and calyx, x 3 ; 4, the same, two sepals removed to show disk and style, x 3 ;

5, part of corolla from within, x 3 ; 6, stamen, lateral view, x 3 ; 7, upper

part of filament with anther, abaxial view, x 6 ; 8, the same, lateral view, x 6.

<5258

m

Tabula 3258.

AGAPETES SPISSA Airy-Shaw.

Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae.

A. spissa Airy-Shaw in Kew Bull. 1935, 49 ; ex aflinitate A. pensilis

Airy-Shaw et A. brachypodae Airy-Shaw, a quibus differt caulibus

rigidis creberrime verticillato-ramificatis, foliis obovatis crenulato-

denticulatis basi cuneatis nervis utrinque pulchre prominenter reticu-

latis ; habitu atque foliorum figura A. Wardii W. W. Sin. accedens, a qua

tamen calycis hirsuti segraentis brevibus, corolla pubescente et foliis

denticulatis (nec integerrimis) recedit.

Suffrutex parvus, epiphyticus. Caules robusti, rigidi, dense ramosi,

usque 5 ram. crassi, cortice fusco-brunneo longitudinaliter striato

lenticellis parvis pallidis rotundis vel lateraliter elongatis parce notato ;

rami miro raodo verticillati vel subverticillati, usque 10 ex eodem

loco ut videtur nascentes, rigidi, recti, patuli, foliosissimi, dense patenti-

hirsuti, perulis lineari-lanceolatis 5-10 cm. longis membranaceis

brunneis vel eorura vestigiis emarcidis etiam crebre vestiti ; innovationes

longe ferrugineo-hirsuti. Folia obovata, rarius subelliptica, 2-2*5 cm.

longa, 7-10 mm. lata, in petiolum brevissimum cuneato-angustata,

apice subacuta usque subobtusa, margine subrevoluta crenulato-

denticulata denticulis minute apiculatis, basin versus subintegra,

glabernma, supra mtida siccitate surde fusco-viridia, subtus obscuriora

palhdiora (innovationum subpurpurascentia) ; costa et nervi utrinque

pulchre prominenter reticulati, intra marginem anastomosantes ;

petiolus subnullus. Flores solitarii, axillares, pedicello circiter 2 mm.

longo basi perulis vel bracteolis paucis minutis instructo. Receptaculum

obconicum, pedicello distincte articulatum, 2-3 mm. diametro, subtiliter

pubescens. Calycis segmenta breviter connata, ovarto-triangularia,

8U acuminata, acuta, 2-3 mm. longa, 1 *5 mm. lata, extra parce breviter

pu escentia. Corolla subcylindrica, apicem versus leviter angustata,

-angulata, tenera, alba, tubo 1 cm. longo 3-4 mm. lato extra

niinutissime puberulo et insuper secus angulos breviter glanduloso-

pubescente, intus (maxime superne) minute pubescente, segmentis

deltoideis acutis patenti-recurvis 1 mm. longis glabrescentibus. Fila-

nienta angustissime linearia, applanata, 3-4 mm. longa, vix0*3mm.

lata, crispule pubescent ia, basi in dilatationem rotundato-quadratara

circiter 0*6 mm. diametro subito expansa. A ntherae leviter cohaerentes,

2

anguste lanceolatae, 5 mm. longae, filamento dorsaliter basifixae

eique 1 mm. adnatae, thecis basi rotundatis et brevissime cornutis,

rostris tenerrimis flexibilibus ut videtur planis dorso calcaratis, anther-

arum alternarum calcaribus adscendentibus et deflexis minutissime

vel vix papilloso-scaberulis. Stylus filiformis, 9-10 mm. longus, glaber,

stigmate parvo subdisciformi pallido medio depresso. Fructus ignotus.

Assam. Delei Valley, 28° 20' N., 96° 35/ E., 1500-1800 m., 24 July

1928, F. K. Ward 8479 : — “ A small epiphytic undershrub in the

forest. Flowers white. Calyx, corolla and filaments pubescent or

downy.”

A species remarkable for its rigid, verticillate, densely leafy branches.

A . Wardii is the only species of the group showing an approach to this

habit, but, in addition to obvious floral differences, it has neither th§

crenulate-denticulate leaves nor the beautifully reticulate venation of

A. spissa. — H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, leaf, upper surface, x 1*5; 3, flower,

with corolla and style removed, x 4 ; 4, gynoecium, x 6 ; 5, part of corolla

from within, x 4 ; 6, stamen, abaxial view, x 6 ; 7, the same, lateral view, x 6.

Tabula 3259.

AGAPETES KANJILALI A. Das.

Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae.

A. Kanjilali A. Das in Assam Forest Records (Botany), i. 13, t. 6

(1934) ; Airy-Shawin Kew Bull. 1935, 49 ; ex affinitate A. yumanensis

Franch. et A. Hosseanae Diels, a quibus foliis anguste elliptico-

oblanceolatis retusis, receptaculo dense cinereo-puberulo, corolla sub-

duplo longiore, filamentis glabris bene distinguitur.

Frutex epiphyticus, ramis strictis usque 4 mm. diametro, cortice

fusco obscure striato glabrescente, ramorumiuniorum minute puberulo.

Folia anguste elliptico-oblanceolata, 2*5-3 cm. longa, 7-9 mm. lata

basi in petiolum 1-2 mm. longum transverse minute rugosum cuneato-

angustata, apicem versus leviter angustata, retusa, margine revoluta

integerrima, coriacea, glaberrima, siccitate supra fusca subtus sub-

castanea, nervis obscuns. Flores solitarii, ex axillis 2-3 subterminalibus

valde approximate orti, suberecti vel patentes ; pedicelli 5-6 mm

longi, subtilitcr striati, cinereo-puberuli, basi bracteis perulisque

paucis parvis subulatis brurmeo-membranaceis ciliolatis sufTulti

XeceptMuhm oblongo-obovoideum, circiter 2-5 mm. longum, 1-2 mm'

d ametr0, dense cinereo-tomentellum. Calyx cupularis, in receptaculum

abrupte contractus, circiter 4 mm. longus, cinereo-puberulus seg-

narfS angUSt.e dcl^ld(:'s acuminatis acutissimis usque ad te’rtiam

partem connatis . Corolla anguste subcylindrica, circiter 3-8 cm.

longa (inclusis lobis deltoideis acuminatis acutis 3-4 mm. longis),

til'f mm diametro, basin versus letter attenuata, extra sparse sub-

el * 61 haud transverse notata. Filamenta inordinaliter

^ongata, circiter 2 *8 cm. longa, lineari-filiformia, glaberrima. Antherae

ciroit a b*e.ves>. cm. longae, angustissime lanceolatae, dorso

i, 1 er niedio bicalcaratae, calcaribus usque ad medium connatis

e^.a lm sursum et deorsum spectantibus, rostris ut videtur in unum

Fruct 8 ’ c*rc^er ^ cm* longus, glaber, stigmate vix expanso.

Assam. Lakhimpur District : Makum Range, 105 m., April 1914,

*fiark d^ Kanjilal 4090 : — Epiphytic. Corolla not transversely

2

Vernacular name (Assam) : “ Horu Gumani.”

The present species was recognized as new, and the accompanying

plate and description were prepared for publication, several months

before the first number of Assam Forest Records , in which A. Kanjilali

appeared, was received at Kew (Dec. 1934). It is thought advisable

to publish them, since the original description of the species is somewhat

brief, and certain floral details on the plate are not quite accurate.

Instances of the latter are the curiously Fuchsia- like corolla, stated

to be “ more or less diagrammatic ” but quite unlike anything in

Agapetes with which the present writer is acquainted ; the anther-

thecae apparently dehiscing by slits and represented as quite distinct

from their beaks, which have the appearance of a prolongation of the

connective ; the spurs, in one case, arising from the front instead

of from the back of the beaks ; and the barrel-shaped rather than

subdiscoid stigma. As the specimen figured in Assam Forest Records

is part of the same collection ( Kanjilal 4090) as that from which our

plate was drawn, it seems probable that the artist, in attempting to

give the dissections a life-like appearance, drew rather more freely

upon his imagination than the condition of the dried material warranted.

His habit-figure, on the other hand, gives a good idea of the plant.

Das gives A. buxifolia Nutt, as the nearest ally of A. Kanjilali , but,

beyond the fact that both species are referable to the Series Longifiles ,

there is no very close affinity between them. In foliage, A. Kanjilali

is similar to A. Hosseana Diels, but the much larger flowers, densely

tomentellous calyx-tube (receptacle) and unusually elongate glabrous

filaments readily distinguish it from that species and its immediate

allies. — H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. ], flowering branch, natural size ; 2, receptacle and calyx, x 4 ; 3, the same,

with part of calyx cut away to expose disk and base of style, x 4 ; 4, apex of

style, with stigma, x 4; 5, part of corolla from within, x 1-5; 6, stamen,

adaxial view, x 1 -5 ; 7, apex of filament, with anther, lateral view, x 4 ; 8, the

same, abaxial view, x 4.

3260

Tabula 3260.

MARISCUS BOWMANNI (F. Muell.) C. B. Clarke.

Cyperaceae. Tribus Cypereae.

M. Bowmanni ( F . Muell.) C. B. Clarke in Kew Bull., Add. Ser. viii.

20 (1908). Cy penis Bowmanni F. Muell. ex Benth. FI. Austral, vii.

287 (1878) ; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FL 592 (1883) ; Queensl. FI.

vi. 1749 (1902) ; Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 591 (1913). M. Dietrichiae

subsp. Bowmannii Domin in Bibl. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 436 (1915). —

Affinis M. Dietrichiae C. B. Clarke, a qua statura minore, culmis gracil-

lirnis debilibus, foliis angustioribus, inflorescentia simplici distinguitur.

Planta annua, gracilis, glabra. Rhizoma breve, nodulosum. Culmi

laxc caespitosi, graciles, suberecti vel patentes, usque 45 cm. alti.

Folia gracilia, culmo fere aequilonga, 2-4 mm. lata, in acumen tenue

attenuata, marginibus apicem versus antrorse scabridis. Bracteae

involucrales 3-4, patentes, foliis similes, valde inaequales, usque 40 cm.

longae. Anthela simplex, 1-6-radiata ; radii patentes, valde inaequales

gracillimi, usque 5-5 cm. longi. Spicae 15-35 mm. longae, 18-45 mm!

latae, 7-15-spiculatae. Spiculae laxissime dispositae, patulae, infimae

saepe valde reflexae, 10-24 mm. longae, fere 1 mm. latae, anguste

lineares, subteretes, 5-9-florae ; rhachifla alis latis hyalinis praedita.

Sqvamae stenes 2, inaequales, usque 1-5 mm. longae, persistentes.

Sqi<amae fertiles usque 2 mm. inter se distantes, 2*5-3 mm. longae,

11-nerviae, ellipticae et obtusae (explanatae), carina latiuscula

vine 1, ceterum flavidae, marginibus rhachillam arete amplectentibus.

lamina 3. Stylus profunde trifidus, ramis elongatis exsertis. Nnx

triquetra, ambitu oblonga, leviter curvata, latitudine sua circiter triplo

ongior, brunnea, alis rhachillae arete comprehensa atque hae invicem

squama amplectente comprehensa.

Queensland. Leichhardt District: Herbert’s Creek, Bowman.

Moreton District : near Moggill, on roadside in open Eucalyptus forest,

on sandstone and conglomerate ridges, 9 Nov. 1930, C. E. Hubbard

4883 ; near Mt. Gravatt and Sunnybank Cemetery Reserve, on road¬

side through open Eucalyptus forest, 30 March 1931, C. E. Hubbard

8072 ; Taylor Range : Mt. Coot-tha, near Brisbane, in depression

where water had been standing, in open Eucalyptus forest, 150 m.,

^ April 1930, C. E. Hubbard 2044 ; Brisbane River, Bailey ; Moreton

Say, Leichhardt.

2

Mariscus Bowmanni belongs to that group of species considered' by

Schrader to represent a distinct genus, Diclidium. The main features

upon which this genus was based were the terete or subterete many-

flowered spikelets and the keel-less squamae. In essentials, Diclidium

was identical with Mariscus , and subsequent workers have failed to

maintain it, although Bentham retained Diclidium as a sectional name

under his all-embracing Cy penis.

The localities cited above are all in Southern Queensland, the most

northerly record being that of the type specimen, which was collected

by Bowman at Herbert’s Creek, a few miles south of the tropic of

Capricorn. The species appears to be definitely coastal and is restricted

apparently to open Eucalyptus forest where it is generally found in

damp situations. M. Bowmanni has also been recorded for New South

Wales ; Moore (Handb, FL N.S. Wales, 450: 1893) stales that it is

found in the “ northern parts of the colony,” while Turner (Proc. Linn.

Soc. N.S. Wales, xxx. 84 : 1905) records it from the north-western

area. The latter statement seems doubtful and may have been based

on an incorrect determination. There are no specimens of it from

New South Wales in the Kew collections.

Domin in Bibl. Bot. xx. 430 (1915) reduced M. Bowmanni to a sub¬

species of M. Dietrichiae. The latter species, which occurs further

north in Queensland, has a very robust habit, much wider leaves and

a compound inflorescence. The two species, although obviously

related, differ in so many respects that specific segregation seems

unavoidable.

Also included by Domin as a subspecies of M. Dietrichiae is a plant

collected on Mt. Remarkable near Pentland, which bears a distinct

resemblance to M. Bowmanni . It was described by him as subsp.

brevibracteatus and was accompanied by a figure reproduced from a

photograph.

There is no specimen of this “ subspecies ” at Kew, the type pre¬

sumably being at Prague, but from the description and figure it seems

to be closely related to M. Bowmanni. — F. Ballard.

FlO. 1, entire plant, x J; 2, a flowering culm, natural size ; 3a, 3b, 3c, a floret

in hack, three-quarter front and side view, x 15 ; 4, a floret, somewhat advanced,

x 20 ; 5, a ripe nut, x 20 ; 6, diagram to show ripe nut with enveloping squama

and rhacliilla wings.

•3261

Tabula 3261.

ECHINOPOGON INTERMEDIUM C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Festuceae.

E. intermedius G. E. Hubbard ; species nova, ab E. ovato (G. Forst.)

Beauv., spiculis majoribus, glumarum carinis rigide ciliatis, aristis

longioribus, ovario plerumque glabro distinguenda.

Gramen perenne, laxe caespitosum, 25-90 cm. altum, e rhizomate

gracili ortum. Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati, rigidi, graciles,

simplices, 3-4-nodes, striati, retrorse scaberrimi. Foliorum vaginae

internodiis breviores, glabrae, plerumque retrorse scabrae ; ligulae

truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae ; laminae lineares vel lanceolato-

lineares, acutae, 2*5-13 cm. longae, 3-7 mm. latae, planae, firmae,

glabrae, scabrae. Panicula erecta, densissima, ovata, ovato-oblonga

vel oblonga, 3-6 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae

lineari-oblongae, 5-7 mm. longae, pallide virides, inferiores tandem

honzontahter patentes. Glumae ambitu anguste lanceolatae, acumi-

natae, tenuiter acutae, carina supra basin laxe et rigide ciliata Lemma

ambitu lineari-lanceolatum, 5 mm. longum, 5-7-nerve bilobum

lobis seta rigida scabrida 2-2 • 5 mm. longa terminate ; calks obtusus’

? US<1Ue-afd 2 mm'.lon«i8 dense barbatus; arista rigida!

10-25 mm. longa, inferne mmutissime hispidula, superne scabra

Palea lanceolata, carinis apicem versus scabrido-ciliolata. Antherae

i 0-4 mm longae. Ovarium apice plerumque glabrum vel raro pills

paucis praeditum. Caryopsis anguste ellipsoidea, 3-3-5 mm. longa.

Queensuand. Darling Downs District: Dalveen, March 1916,

™ 41; Warwick, March 1911, Boorman ; Inglewood, Dec. 1933,

Rum ; W?.berba’ creek banks, 830-900 m., Jan. 1933, Blake 4630 ;

aid Mountain, shady places along creek bank, 900 m., Jan. 1933,

Wake 4477.

New Sooth Wales. Liverpool Plains, Moore 112. Gough County :

Kpa n?' *n c^eare(^ Eucalyptus forest country, on hill slope, March

T 1? Hubbard 8217. Hardinge County : Howell, Jan. 1906, Boorman.

is County : Walcha Road, Dec. 1912, Boorman (tvpe). Harden

bounty ; Burrinjuck, Feb. 1911, Boorman.

I lie main diagnostic characters of the genus Echinopogon are as

follows : — Panicle spike-like ; spikelets usually 1-flowered, laterally

2

compressed ; rhachilla disarticulating above the glumes and produced

beyond the floret as a minute or elongated bristle ; glumes subequal,

keeled, mostly 1 -nerved ; lemma becoming indurated, 5-11 -nerved, as

long as or longer than the glumes, usually awned from the 2-lobed tip

or from just below the entire tip ; caryopsis free but tightly embraced

by the lemma and palea, and with a linear elongated hilum.

Bentham (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. iii. 1145) and Hackel (Engl. u.

Prantl, Pflanzenfam. ii. Abt. 2, 48) refer this genus to the tribe Agrosteae,

on account of the 1 -flowered spikelets, but the structure of the lemma,

the prolongation of the rhachilla beyond the floret, together with the

occasional occurrence in E. ovatus of a second floret (N.S. Wales :

Richmond River, Stephe?ison) point to a relationship with genera of

the Festuceae. This is recognized by Morris in Ewart's Flora of Victoria

(p. 109), where he transfers it to that tribe.

Echinopogon Beauv. has usually been restricted to the original

species E. ovatus (G. Forst.) Beauv. An examination of the material

of this genus in the Brisbane, Kew and Sydney Herbaria, together

with a study of living plants, has demonstrated, however, the existence

of a number of well-defined although closely related types which seem

worthy of recognition as distinct species. Descriptions of these are

given below, together with a key to assist in their identification.

For some years it has been known that Echino'pogon ovatus (sensu

lato), commonly known as Rough Bearded Grass, is dangerous to

stock.* It causes a peculiar form of staggers, the animals showing

a stilted or staggery gait which on excitement increases to complete

incoordination of the muscles of locomotion ; thus if the animals are

frightened, they rush about and often die as the result of an accident.

Calves, kids and lambs are more susceptible than fully grown animals.

It is only in its young stages that the grass is harmful and the complaint

is apparently only prevalent in the Northern Tableland of New South

Wales where the genus attains its greatest development.

Key to the species of Echinopogon.

fSpikelets 5-10 mm. long ; glumes finely acute or acuminate ; lemma

with setiform lobes up to 2*5 mm. long :

Panicle nodding or inclined ; peduncle usually slender and smooth,

especially just beneath the panicle, sometimes scaberulous ;

ovary hairy at the apex, very rarely glabrous :

Spikelets mostly 7-10 mm. long ; glumes loosely and rigidly

ciliate on the keels . 1 . E. Cheelii.

Spikelets 5-7 (rarely 8) mm. long ; glumes rigidly ciliolate

or scabrid on the keels . 2. E. nutans.

* See Henry & Massey in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, xxii. 116 (1911) ; Seddon &

Came, l.c. xxxvii. 684 (1926), and in N.S. Wales, Dept. Agric. Sci. Bull. no. 26. 34

(1926) ; Seddon in Rep. Austral. &, New Zeal. Assoc. Adv. Sci. xx. 412, 419 (193l)»

and in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, xlv. 505 (1934).

3

Panicle stiffly erect ; peduncle retrorsely scabrid ; ovary usually

glabrous ; spikelets 5-7 mm. long ; glumes loosely and rigidly

ciliate on the keels . 3. E. intermedins.

tfSpikelets 2*5-5 mm. long ; glumes acute to obtuse ; lemma acutely

2-lobed or entire at the apex, rarely with the lobes setiform and

up to 1 *5 mm. long ; panicle stiffly erect, rarely nodding (?) :

Spikelets 3-5 mm. long ; awns usually over 3 mm. and up to

15 mm. long ; glumes smooth or asperulous on the sides, very

rarely minutely pubescent and then with well-developed awns ;

panicle 0*8-10 cm. long, 0-8-2-5 cm. wide :

Culms loosely to densely tufted, erect or geniculate at the

base, 2-4-noded ; leaf-blades linear, erect, 1*5-5 mm.

wide . . . . . 4. E. caespitosus.

Culms loosely clustered or solitary, mostly geniculately

ascending from a slender creeping rhizome, 3-7-noded ;

leaf-blades lanceolate-linear to linear, the upper spreading

or becoming deflexed, 2-8 mm. wide .... 5. A1, ovatus.

Spikelets 2*5-4 mm. long (when over 3*5 mm. then awnless);

awns or mucros 0*2-3 mm. long :

Panicle 0*6-2 cm. long, 0*6-1 *2 cm. wide, bristly ; spikelets

2 *5-3 *5 mm. long; lemma usually awned with the awn

up to 3 mm. long . . 6. E. McKiei.

Panicle 1*5-3 cm. long, 0*6-0 *8 cm. wide, not bristly*

spikelets 3*5-4 mm. long; lemma mucronate, with the

mucro 0-2-1 -5 mm. long . 7. E. phleoides.

Enumeration of species.

Hubbard^ffiS E' \hfKlT'1 ; sPecies nova> E. intermedia C. E.

Hubbard affims, pamcula tandem nutante, pedunculo infra mnienkm

gracillimo plerumque laevi vei fere laevi,

ve mean-lanceolatis, ovano apice dense breviter hirsute distinguenda.

ffmmen perenne, laxe caespitosum, 2-10 dm. altum. Culmi erecti

nod n!81 gemculatl> graciles vel validiusculi, striati, simplices, ^-5-nodes,

nanio, l Ver8iUS .retr1orse scabri, internodio summo gracillimo infra

Pier m m aeV1 Ve mmUte scaberul° raro scabro. Foliorvm vaginae

iuferio ^UG r( ^rorse scabrae, striatae, internodiis breviores, glabrae vel

1*5 nimS] iSParsc breviter pilosae ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad

vel nun r °ngae ’ laminae lineares vel lanceolato-lineares, apice acutae

Klabrae^( n*i eS’ USC*Ue a<^ ^ cm* *ongae et 10 mm. latae, planae, firmae,

inarm nil^1 8parse P^osae> scaberulae vel supra et subtus laeves,

Vel VUS ®caberulis et plerumque hispidulis. Panicula lanceolata

lata ( *a •• ovat.0-°blonga, densa, nutans, 2*5-6 cm. longa, 1-3 cm.

qUe y rjltls m°lU8i8). Spiculae lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, plerum-

10 mm. longae, pallide virides, erectae vel inferiores leviter

4

patentes. Glumae ambitu anguste lanceolatae, tenuiter acutae,

spiculae aequilongae, firme membranaceae, carina superne laxe et

rigide ciliatae et scabridae. Lemma ambitu lineari-lanceolatum,

6-7 mm. longum, apicem versus minutissime hispidulum, bilobum,

lobis seta rigida scabrida usque ad 2 • 5 mm. longa terminatis, 5-9-nerve ;

callus pilis usque ad 1*5 mm. longis barbatus ; arista rigida, 0*8-

2*2 cm. longa, scabra vel inferne minutissime hispidula. Palea carinis

supra medium ciliolata. Antherae 2*5-3 mm. longae. Ovarium apice

dense breviter hirsutum.

New South Wales. Gough County : Glen Innes, Cheel (type) ;

“ Kelso,” Kangaroo Camp, Tingha Road, 30 miles from Guyra, 900 m.,

Jan. 1932, McKie 721 ; Glencoe, basaltic soil, 1140 m., Dec. 1931,

McKie 723. Hardinge County : Inverness Road, Ollera, 18 miles

N.W. of Guyra, Nov. 1931, McKie 720 ; Box Hills, 5 miles W. of

Ben Lomond, basaltic soil, 1350 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 722. Clarke

County : Aberfoyle Road, 13£ miles E. of Guyra, red basaltic soil,

1200 m., Nov. 1930, McKie 663. Sandon County : Guyra, McKie

W. 37 ; Little Lagoon, 5 miles S. of Guyra, Dec. 1930, McKie 664.

Vernon County : Moona Plains, March 1899, Crawford ; Yarrawitch,

Dec. 1912, Boorman. Wallace County : Mt. Kosciusko, Sawpit Creek,

Jan. 1898, Maiden. [Commonwealth Territory] : Gudgenby, Quean-

beyan, Jan. 1912, Cambage 3404.

Readily separated from E. ovatus by the more erect habit, relatively

larger nodding panicles, usually smooth peduncles, much larger spikelets

and longer awns.

According to the Rev. Norman McKie this grass is found all over

the Guyra district and in practically every kind of soil. It is possible

that McKie no. 664 is a hybrid between E. Cheelii and E. intermedins \

it has a glabrous or hairy ovary, and a scabrid peduncle.

2. E. nutans C. E. Ilublxird ; species nova, ab E. ovato (G. Forst.)

Beauv., panicula nutante, pedunculo prope paniculam gracillimo laevi

vel nonnunquam scabro, spiculis majoribus, lemmate breviter bisetoso

distinguenda.

Gramen perenne, e rhizomate gracili ortum, usque ad 7 dm. altum*

Culmi laxe caespitosi vel solitarii, erect i vel basi geniculati, graciles,

simplices, 4-8-nodes, praecipue nodos versus retrorse scabri, props

paniculam gracillimi, laeves vel nonnunquam scabri. Foliorur n

vaginae internodiis tandem breviores, retrorse scabrae, glabrae vel

inferiores breviter pilosae ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae i

laminae lineares, breviter acutae vel apice pungent es, 2-15 cm. longae

3-6 mm. latae, planae, firmae, glabrae, plus minusve scaberulae*

Panicula nutans, ovato-oblonga vel plerumque oblonga, densa,

2-5*5 cm. longa, 0*8-2 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae appress^e,

lineares vel lineari-lanceolatae, 5-7 (raro 8) mm. longae, pallide virides-

5

Glumae spiculae aequilongae vel inferior paullo brevior, ambitu anguste

lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae, tenuiter acutae, fir me membranaceae,

Carina superne rigide ciliolatae vel raro scabrae. Lemma ambitu

lineare vel lineari-lanceolatum, spiculae plerumque aequilongum,

bilobum, lobis seta scabra 1-2 mm. longa terminates, 5-nerve ; callus

pilis usque ad 1 mm. longis barbatus ; arista rigida, 6—14 mm. longa,

scabra. Palea carinis supra medium scabra vel rigide ciliolata.

Antherae circiter 1 mm. longae. Caryopsis anguste oblonga, 3 mm.

longa, apice dense breviter hirsuta.

Queensland. Port Curtis District : Rosedale, in rocky watercourse,

Jan. 1932, Dovey G 95. Burnett District: Coalstoun Lakes, fairly

common in Eucalyptus forest, May 1931, White 7715. Wide Bav

District: Booyal, via Childers, April 1931, Coleman 1. Moreton

District: Toogoolawah, April 1931, Alexander 4; North Pine River,

on somewhat shaded land, Dec. 1930, Blake 93 ; Enoggera Creek

near Brisbane, April 1908, White ; Taylor Range, Mt. Coot-tha, near

Brisbane, on slopes in open Eucalyptus forest, shaly soil, 150 m.,

April 1930, Hubbard 2047 ; Brisbane., Albert Park, Bailey ; banks

of Brisbane River, in partial shade, Nov. 1930, Hubbard 4810 (type),

Bailey , Dec. 1917, White ; near Mt. Gravatt and Sunnybank Cemetery

Reserve, in open Eucalyptus forest, March 1931, Hubbard 8073 ;

Waterford, Mead ; Tambourine Mtn., in open Eucalyptus forest,

together with Themeda australis and Poa australis , 540 m., May 1930*

Hubbard 2447 ; between Calvert and Lanefield, in grassland, cleared

Eucalyptus forest country, April 1930, Hubbard 2112 ; Mt. Mistake in

open Eucalyptus forest, amongst Themeda australis , 450 m Nov 1930

Hubbard 5254 ; Bcenleigh, Jan. 1932, Michael 1914 • foot of Mt*

Barney m Eucalyptus forest, along river courses and on alluvial flats',

Dec. 1932, White 8752. Darling Downs District: Toowoomba in

mrn t?b' Su ,, 5901 ; hilw» in »p»

) m., Feb. 1934, Blake 5140 ; Spring Creek, near Killarney on

s opes in cleared Eucalyptus forest country, March 1931, Hubbard 5821.

E. nutans var major C. E. Hubbard; varietas nova, a typo recedens

culn.s validionbus usque ad 1-2 m. altis, panicula 4-7-5 cm. longa,

■is usque ad 2 cm. longis, ovario glabro vel fere glabro.

nf South TV ales. Hardinge County : Wandsworth, 15 miles N.W.

t'uyra, 1080 m., Dec. 1931, McKie 717, 718, 719 (type).

foif 'Tr nutans ’s common occurrence in the Eucalyptus

8j s, 8 ° Moreton District in Queensland. On account of the

ttiut ( ^ Pe^Unc^es> usually oblong panicles bend over and nod at

» ]W ^his character the species may be easily distinguished

P*ui 1 °Va^us latter having stiffly erect, more ovate

-6

3. E. intermedius C . E. Hubbard , supra (t. 3261).

Distrib. Southern Queensland and New South Wales.

4. E. caespitosus C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis E. ovato

(G. Forst.) Beauv., a quo culmis laxe vel dense caespitosis erectis vel

basi leviter geniculatis 2-4-nodibus, foliorum laminis inferioribus

plerumque longioribus erectis, spiculae rhachilla breviore saepe glabra,

ovario saepe glabro vel fere glabro recedit.

Gramen perenne, laxe vel dense caespitosum, usque ad 1 m. altum.

Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati, graciles vel validiusculi, rigidi, simplices,

2-4-nodes, retrorse scabri vel laeves. Foliorum vaginae tandem

internodiis breviores, tenuiter striatae, glabrae, retrorse scabrae vel

laeves ; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 2 mm. longae ; laminae lineares,

in apicem durum subobtusum attenuatae, usque ad 25 cm. longae, -

1 *5-5 mm. lata©, planae, firmae, glabrae vel nonnunquam pubescentes,

scaberulae vel plus minusve laeves. Panicula oblonga vel lanceolata,

densa vel densissima, continua vel inferne interrupta, erecta vel raro

nutans (?), 1-10 cm. longa, 0*8-2 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae

lineari-oblongae vel oblongae, 3-5 mm. longae, virides vel purpuras- I

centes. Glmnae ambitu lanceolatae, lanceolato- vel lineari-oblongae,

acutae vel subacutae, spiculae aequilongae vel paullo breviores, firme i

membranaceae, carina scabrae vel superne rigide ciliolatae. Lemma j

ambitu lanceolatum vel lanceolato-oblongum, spiculae aequilongum, |

apice bilobum vel integrum, lobis brevibus obtusis vel acutis raro

setiformibus et usque ad 1 *5 mm. longis, 5-7-nerve ; callus pilis circiter

1 mm. longis barbatus ; arista rigida, usque ad 1 *4 cm. longa, scabra. |

Palea carinis apicem versus scabra vel scabrido-ciliolata. Antherae

1-2 mm. longae. Ovarium apice glabrum vel nonnunquam plus i

minusve breviter pilosum.

Queensland. Darling Downs District : Stanthorpe, Feb. 1889 and

1891, Bailey , in cleared Eucalyptus forest country, in granite grit,

March 1931, Hubbard 5710; Wallangarra, Dec. 1903, Maiden and

Boorman , Nov. 1912 and April 1914, Boorman , in Eucalyptus forest,

1000 m., Jan. 1933, Blake 4421, 4689; Hampton, Oct. 1931, Kerr ;

Wyberba, shady creek bank, 830 m., Jan. 1933, Blake 4544. Moreton

District: foot of Mt. Barney, along creek sides, Dec. 1932, White 8748.

New South Wales. New England, Stuart. Clive County : Tenter-

field, near Sandy Hills, Hindman. Hardinge County : Ollera, light

soil (trap rock), 1080 m., Jan. 1932, McKie 726, 727 ; Black Gully*

Tingha Road, 7 miles N.W. of Guyra, hard white soil, Dec. 1930, McKie

665, Jan. 1932, McKie 733. Sandon County : Red Hill, 3 miles N.

Armidale, slate formation, 990 m., Dec* 1931, McKie 724, 725.

Macquarie County : Hastings River, Beckler. Northumberland County •

Awaba, near Newcastle, Nov. 1914, Boorman. Blue Mountains, Deo.

1882, Betche; near Katoomba, in railway enclosure, common, Apn

7

1931, Hubbard 8453 (type). Paramatta, May 1800, Caley (Herb. Mus.

Brit.). Hornsby, near Sydney, April and Oct. 1914, Blakely. Sydney,

Hooker , Stephenson 110 ; Homebush, Sydney, on shale, June 1930,

Vickery 9, 10; North Sydney, Jan. 1912. Cleland ; Port Jackson,

Ga udichaud, Moore , Brown 6217 (Herb. Mus. Brit., partim). Ingleburn,

28 miles S. of Sydney, on shale, May 1931, Blakely and McKie 734.

Vincent County : Kangaroo Valley, 12 miles W. of Nowra, April 1929,

Rodway ; Huskisson, Jervis Bay, Dec. 1925 and April 1929, Rodway.

Wynyard County : Wagga Wagga, Whittet 1. Without precise locality,

Sieber 89 (Herb. Mus. Brit.).

In the field, E. caespitosus may be distinguished from E. ovatus by

its compact tufts with more erect and usually taller culms. It shows

a considerable range of fluctuation apart from the marked variety

described below. In some cases the differences are no doubt due to

the varied conditions of soil and moisture under which the species is

found. These would account for the range in the size of the inflorescence,

plants with greater vigour having elongated and often interrupted

panicles. Such variations occur here and there throughout the area

of the species and have probably no systematic value. Several of the

specimens cited above from Southern Queensland and Northern New

South Wales, however, differ from the typical form in often having

smooth peduncles and leaf-sheaths, and shortly bisetose lemmas ; they

may represent a second distinct variety.

E. caespitosus var. Cunninghamii C. E. Hubbard ; varietas nova a

typo recedens pedunculo fere laevi, panicula densissima 3-5 cm

longa 1-5 cm. lata, spiculis 3-3-5 mm. longis, glumis minutissime

pubescentibus canna pills minus ngidis conspicue ciliolatis, lemmate

i i i-nervi.

New South Wales. Wellington Valley, Nov. 1825, Cunningham 10.

o. E. ovatus (G. Forst.) Beauv. Agrost. 42, t 9 fig 5 M 81 21 • Bentb

l M878i Pr° Part6; Buchan an ^ Mam^Grass^Ne w

Mai i *j7’ivr’ 13p (1880^t Moore> Handb. FI. N.S. Wales, 484 (1893) ;

pitiim11 'mqoTs Wale^ 141 (1898) ; F- M Ballcy> Q«eensi.

. vi. 1^78 (1902); Rodway, Tasman. FI. 268 (1903); Black, FI.

fl99«^8trSr' 6-8 ^1922) ; Cheeseman, Man. New Zeal. FI. ed. 2, 150

Agrost’ Sr™ln Ewart’ FL Vict- 144 0 930). E. aspera Trim Fund.

p ■ . " 126 (1820). E. Sieberi Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 183 (1854).

E n band°gcr in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lxvi. 300 (1920), in clavi.

A nr nil Urn scens tJandoger, l.c. E. novae-zelandiae Gandoger, l.c.

t Z G- Forst- Prodr- 8 (1786) ; Labill. PI. Nov. Holl. i. 19,

Grat • * 4J ’ B- Prodr. 171 (1810). Cinna ovata Kunth, R4v.

i (1829). Hystericina alopecuroides Steud. Syn. PI. Glum.

.8

Gramen perenne, e rhizomate gracili saepe elongato ortum, 1 *5-7 dm.

altum. Culmi laxe fasciculati vel solitarii, plerumque geniculato-

ascendentes, graciles, rigidiusculi, simplices, 3-7-nodes, retrorse scabri

vel scaberuli, raro laeves. Foliorum vaginae internodiis breviores,

retrorse scabrae vel scaberulae vel laeves, glabrae vel inferiores pilosae ;

ligulae truncatae, usque ad 2 mm. longae ; laminae lineares vel

plerumque lanceolato-lineares, breviter acutae, 1*5-16 cm. longae

(superiores usque ad 6 cm.), 2-8 mm. latae, scabridae vel marginibus

scaberulis exceptis laeves, glabrae, superiores patentes vel tandem

deflexae. Panicula rigide erecta, ovata vel oblonga, densa vel den-

sissima, 0*8-5 cm. longa, 1-2*5 cm. lata (aristis inclusis). Spiculae

lineari-oblongae, 3*5-5 mm. longae, virides, raro purpurascentes,

demum horizontaliter patentes. Glvmae spiculae aequilongae vel

paullo breviores, ambitu anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae,

acutae vel obtusae, carina scabrae vel rigide ciliolatae. Lemma ambitu

lineari-lanceolatum, apice minute bilobum vel integrum ; arista

3-15 mm. longa, scabra. Palea carinis apicem versus ciliolata.

Antherae 1-1*5 mm. longae. Ovarium apice breviter hirsutum.

Caryopsis lanceolato-oblonga, 2-2*5 mm. longa.

Distrib. Queensland (North Kennedy, Moreton and Darling Downs

Districts) ; New South Wales ; Victoria ; Tasmania ; South Australia ;

Western Australia ; Norfolk Island ; New Zealand.

E. ovatus var. pubiglumis C. E. Hubbard ; varietas nova, a typo

recedens glumis brevissime pubescentibus, spiculae rhachilla breviore

glabra, ovario glabro, panicula densissima.

Western Australia. Without precise locality, Drummond 312

(type), 348.

This variety resembles E. ovatus in habit, the latter also occurring

in Western Australia. The structure of the spikelets is, however,

nearer to that of the Queensland and New South Wales species,

E. caespito8U8.

Although Echinopogon ovatus is the most widely spread of all the

species of this genus, it is very uniform both in habit and structure.

In Queensland it is frequently found in moister situations than any

of the other species, and this is probably the case in parts of Ne'V

South Wales ; in New Zealand, on the other hand, it grows in dry

places (according to Cheeseman).

Echinopogon Sieberi Steud. was based on “ E. ovatus Sieber Hrbr.

N. Holl.” A specimen in the Kew Herbarium labelled “ Sieber 89

which is referable to E. ovatus , may possibly be part of the type'

collection. The corresponding specimen in the British Museum

Herbarium is, however, E. caespitosus . Steudel’s description agree

best with E. ovatus , e.g. the flaccid leaves 1-2 in. long, the 4 lin. l°nk

9

panicle, and the bearded apex of the grain. On this account E. Sieberi

is treated as a synonym of E. ovatus.

The types of Gandoger’s species, E. virens , E. purpurascens and

E. novae-zelandiae , which are in the Botanical Institute Herbarium,

Lyon, have been kindly lent for examination by Dr. J. Beauverie.

They represent the same species as E. ovatus ; in fact the type of

E. novae-zelandiae is a very good match with a syntype of Agrostis

ovata G. Forst. in the Kew Herbarium, whilst the other two only differ

in having smaller panicles. Gandoger cites Maiden as the collector

of E. virens , but there is little doubt that the real collector was E. Betche

(who collected E. ovatus at Walcha in Dec. 1898), and that the specimen

was only communicated by Maiden to Gandoger. A duplicate of

Betche’s plant in the Kew Herbarium exactly matches the type of

E. virens.

The majority of the specimens used by Bentham in the preparation

of the account of Echinopogon ovatus for the Flora Australiensis

(vii. 599) were correctly named, but one (Liverpool Plains, Moore 112)

is now placed with E. intermedius , and a few others are cited under

E. caespitosus. In the Agricultural Gazette of N.S. Wales, vol. iii.

p. 388, Turner gives an account, together with a plate (t. 28), of

E. ovatus. The latter illustrates two species, the drawing on the left-

hand side and figs. D, B and C (left) being of E. intermedius , whilst that

on the right and figs. A, B and C (right) are of E. caespitosus.

6. E. McKiei C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis E. ovato (G. Forst.)

Beauv., a quo spiculis minoribus, glumis minute pubescentibus, aristis

brevioribus, ovario glabro differt.

Gramen perenne, laxe caespitosum, e rhizomate gracili ortum,

1- 3 -5dm. altum . Culmi erecti vel basi geniculati, gracillimi, simplices’

2- 4-nodes, nodos et pamculam versus retrorse scaberuli vel fere

laeves, mternodio summo (pedunculo) usque ad 22 cm. longo. Foliorum

vaginae internodiis tandem breviores, striatae, glabrae vel inferiores

sparse pubescentes, superiores plus minusve retrorse scaberulae vel

sea irae , ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 -5 mm. longae ; laminae

dneares, apice pungentes vel subobtusae, 2-12 cm. longae (summae

-1*5 cm.), 2-3 mm. latae, supra arete nervosae, hispidulae vel

pubescentes vel glabrescentes, scaberulae vel fere laeves. Panicula

jU’ecta, densissima, oblonga, 0*6-2 cm. longa, 0*6-1 *2 cm. lata (aristis

^ c. l?S18) • Spiculae lineari-oblongae vel oblongae, 2 • 5-3 • 5 mm. longae,

am es, tandem horizontaliter patentes. Glumae spiculae plus minusve

su?UJ <)U^ae’ ^mkitu lineari-oblongae vel lineari-lanceolatae, acutae vel

° tusae, firme membranaceae vel induratae, minute pubescentes,

urina puis rigidis usque ad 0*6 mm. longis ciliolatae. Lemma glumis

^ aequilongum, ambitu lanceolatum vel lineari-oblongum, apice

nus usque ad 0*3 mm. longis bidentatum, tandem induratum,

-nerve ; callus minute barbatus ; arista (vel mucro) rigida,

-10

scaberula, usque ad 3 mm. longa. Palea lemraati aequilonga, carinis

laevis vel prope apicem scaberula. Antherae 0*5-1 mm. longae.

Caryopsis oblonga, 1*5 mm. longa, glabra.

New South Wales. Clive County: Glen Elgin, White-Ilaney.

Gough County : Glencoe, on camping reserve, Dec. 1931, McKie 731.

Clarke County : Yellow Gap, Oban Road, N.E. of Guyra, soil of

granite formation, Dec. 1931, McKie 729 (type) ; 9 mile post, Ward’s

Mistake Road, N.E. of Guyra, soil of slate formation, 1290 m., Dec. 1931,

McKie 728 ; near Gap View, Day’s Mtn., 20 miles N.E. of Guyra,

granite soil, Nov. 1930, McKie 667. Sandon County : Elderbury

Creek, 7 miles S.W. of Guyra, white soil, 1290 m., Dec. 1931, McKie

730; Springmount Gate, 9 miles S.S.E. of Guyra, white soil of slate

formation, Dec. 1930, McKie 666. Vernon County : Walcha District,

Dec. 1898, Betche.

7. E. phleoides C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis E. McKiei

C. E. Hubbard, a quo paniculis exaristatis, spiculis paullo majoribus,

lemmate mucronato vel apiculato recedit.

Gramen perenne, e rhizomate gracili ortum, 2 • 5-4 dm. altum. Culrni

erecti vel basi geniculati, gracillimi, simplices, 2-4-nodes, nodos et

paniculam versus retrorse scabridi vel nodos versus raro laeves.

Foliorum vaginae internodiis breviores, tenuiter striatae, scaberulae

vel laeves, glabrae vel inferiores pubescentes ; ligulae truncatae, usque

ad 3 mm. longae ; laminae lineares, apice subobtusae et callosae,

usque ad 18 cm. longae et 4 mm. latae, planae, firmae, supra arete

nervosae, laxe hispidulae. Panicula densa, cylindrica, ambitu oblonga,

erecta, 1*5-3 cm. longa, 6-8 mm. lata. Spiculae lineari-oblongae,

3*5-4 mm. longae, pallide virides vel apice purpureae, demum hori-

zontaliter patentes. Glumae anguste lanceolatae vel lineari-lanceolatae,

acutae, spiculae aequilongae, minute pubescentes, carina pilis rigidis

usque ad 0 • 6 mm. longis ciliolatae. Lemnna ambitu lineari-lanceolatum,

acutum, 3 mm. longum, apice integrum vel minute bidentatum, apicu-

latum vel mucronatum, mucrone rigido scaberulo 0*2-1 *5 mm. longo,

5-7-nerve ; callus breviter barbatus. Palea lemmati fere aequilonga?

carinis laevis vel apicem versus minute ciliolata. Antherae 0*8-1 mm*

longae. Ovarium glabrum.

New South Wales. Hardinge County : Wandsworth, 15 miles

N.W. of Guyra, in white soil from quartz porphyry, 1080 m., Dec. 1931,

McKie 732 (type) ; Limestone Creek, 5 miles beyond Tenterden,

23 miles N.W. of Guyra, Dec. 1930, McKie 668.— C. E. Hubbard*

Echinopooon intermedius.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, spikelet ; 3, lower glume, side view ; 4, lower

glume, flattened ; 5, upper glume, side view ; 6, floret ; 7, lemma, flattened ;

8, palea, side view, showing prolongation of rhachilla ; 9, palea, flattened ;

10, lodicules ; 11, stamens and pistil; 12, caryopsis; 13, transverse section o

caryopsis. Figs. 2-13, x 0.

3262

S.RrC

Tabula 3262.

SCLERANDRIUM TRUECATIGIiUME (F. Muell.) Stapf et

C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

Sclerandrium Stapf et C. E. Hubbard. Genus novum, Lophopoqoni

Hack, et Apocopidi Nees affine ; ab illo racemis elongatis espathatis

racemorum rhachi tenaci vel tarde disarticulante, spiculis valde hetero-

morphis, gluma inferiore dorso haud transverse barbata, gluma superiore

mutica, spiculae pedicellatae anthoecio infero sterili supero $, anthoecii

fertilis lemmate apice integro et in aristam producto, aristae columna

pubescente vel pilosa ; ab hac spiculis binatis, sessilibus pedicellatis

$ divergens.

Spiculae valde heteromorphae, imbricatae, biseriatae, binatae altera

sessilis, altera pedicellata, in rhachi gracili tenaci vel tarde disarticulante

racemorum spiciformium ortae, sessiles dorso compressae plus minusve

persistentes pedicellatae subterctcs a pedicellis gracilibus peisistentibus

facile disarticulantes ; callus brevissimus, barbatus.

inferum in spiculasess.il $ in spicula pedicellata sterile • sup™ in

spicula sessili in spicula pedicellate 0 i ’ superum in

velobovato-oblongae GluZe SualS • " oblonga«

dorso convexa, oblonga veUboJato oWa;- "0' !Upenore brevior>

emarginata vel dentata, 6-7-nervis coriacef Vel late

anguste ovata, ovato-oblonga vel anguste oblonir S^^^’ SUpenor

spiculae aequilonga, superne JcarinSa firm! g ’ °JtUSa Vel truncata>

Anihoeeium inferum : lemma li!!,’. f mfn\branacea, 3-nervis.

obtusum, uni-subtriplinerve hyalinun^veM ' ° • ineari'lanceolatum>

palea lemmati sirnilis sed obscure TJrti ] A membranaceum ;

lemma lineare v^l onm + 1 6 w nervis- Anihoeeium superum:

miicronatuin vpI - * + S S \ ance°latum, apice minute bilobum,

vel anguste oblomn V1™’ 1’?ervo’ ^a,lnum 5 Pal0a ovato-oblonga

tenuisstme 2-nervi!g% em!la ?aU!° longlor’ h-valina> enervis vel

oblongo-lanceol -it ae ‘ £wulae Ped“xllatae anguste oblongae vel anguste

v°lutae terndt • ° e ae1uales> spiculae aequilongae, eon-

oblonga vel !, .COrlaCeae;r,nferi°r (^planata) lanceolato- vel ovato-

3-7.ng • ovata\ aPlce obtusa, truncata vel minute 2-3-dentata,

an8Usto nkl HUl)0rior (explaiiata) elliptico- vel ovato-oblonga vel

°nga , obt u sa , obscure 3-nervis. Anihoeeium inferum:

Ve| ^ullnmg*UStei/CVl ngUm’ obtusum> hyalinum, 1-nerve vel enerve,

> pa^tyO. Anihoeeium superum : lemma lineari-oblongum,

2

hyalinum, 1 -nerve, in aristam longam geniculatam abiens ; palea

oblonga vel ovato-oblonga, truncata, hyalina, enervis. Lodiculae

nullae. Stamina 2 ; antherae lineares. Ovarium glabrum ; styli

distincti, terminates ; stigmata plumosa, ex apice anthoecii exserta.

Caryopsis anguste oblonga. — Gramina perennia ; foliorum laminae

lineares, planae ; ligulae breves, membranaceae ; racemi terminates,

binati vel subdigitati, secundi, densi, sessiles vel brevissime pedunculati.

Species 4, Indo-Chinae, Siamiae et Australiae septentrionalis incolae.

Typus : S. truncatiglume (F. Muell.) Stapf et C. E. Hubbard.

S. truncatiglume (F. Muell.) Stapf et C. E. Hubbard , comb. nov.

Ischaemvm truncatiglume F. Muell. ex Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 518

(1878) ; F. Muell. Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. 131 (1882) ; Second Cens.

221 (1889) ; Ewart et Davies, FI. North. Territ. 28 (1917). Lophopogon

truncatiglumis Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 255 (1889). — Affine

S. intermedio (A. Camus) C. E. Hubbard,* a quo foliis fere glabris,

racemis 3-6, spiculis sessilibus plerumque obovato-oblongis, gluma

inferiore spiculae sessilis dorso valde convexa demum cartilaginea

differt.

Culmi caespitosi, usque ad 1 -5 m. alti, erecti, graciles vel validiusculi,

teretes, simplices, 3-5-nodes, glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae

firmae, ore laxe et breviter barbatae vel totae glabrae, laeves, inferiores

internodiis longiores, intermediae et superiores internodiis breviores ;

ligulae truncatae vel oblique truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae ; laminae

basin versus attenuatae, apice tenuiter acutae, usque ad 50 cm. longae

et 1 cm. latae, firmae, supra prope ligulam sparse pilosae, ceterum

glabrae, marginibus minute scaberulis exceptis laeves. Racemi 3-6,

erecti, 4-8 cm. longi, graciles ; axis primarius usque ad 1 *5 cm. longus ,

racemorum rhachis laxe pilosa, subtrigona vel compressa ; pedicelh

usque ad 1*5 mm. longi, ciliati. Spiculae sessiles 5-6 mm. longae,

stramineae. Glmna inferior obovato-oblonga, truncata vel plerumqac

2-3-dentata, 3*5-5 mm. longa, marginibus et apice pilis erectis alb19

usque ad 2*5 mm. longis ciliata, dorso glabra et laevis, intus 7-nervis>

infra apicem nervis anastomosantibus ; gluma superior anguste ovatfl

vel oblonga, obtusa, margines et apicem versus breviter appresse

pilosa. Anthoecium inferum : lemma lanceolatum, 4-5 mm. longu^’

margines et apicem versus breviter pilosum vel fere glabrum ; p^0*

lemmati similis sed paullo latior, minus pilosa vel fere glabra, tenuissinlC

2-nervis. Anthoecium superum : lemma 4-5 mm. longum, plerumqu®

mucronatum (mucrone usque ad 3 mm. longo), superne breviter pilosui^ »

palea ovato-oblonga, apicem versus breviter pilosa. Spiculae pea

cellatae 3-3*6 mm. longae, brunneae ; callus pilis brevibus dens

fulvis barbatus. Gluma inferior (explanata) ovata vel ovato-oblong ;

obscure 5-7 -nervis, j>ilis brevibus appressis albis demum fulvis indu

* Sclerandrium intermedium (A. Camus) C. E. Hubbard ,

Lophopogon intermedium A. Camus in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 11)1“,

3

gluma superior pilis similibus induta vel glabrescens. Anthoecium

inferum : lemma usque ad 3 mm. longum, apicem versus pilis paucis

praeditum. Anthoecium superum : lemma 1 • 5-2 mm. longum, glabrum

vpl superne longe ciliatum ; arista 16-22 mm. longa, columna flexuosa,

pilosa, 5-9 mm. longa, brunnea ; palea 2 *5-2 *8 mm. longa, glabra vel

fere glabra. Antherae 2 *5-3 *5 mm. longae.

Northern Australia. Arnhem Land, Mueller ; Port Darwin,

Allen 26, II b. Brisbane 44.

Bentham, when describing Ischaemum truncatiglume F. Muell. in the

Flora Austral iensis, stated that the aspect of the species was nearly

that of the Asiatic genus Apocopis . It is in fact more closely allied to

Apocopis than to the genus Ischaemum in which it was first placed.

This was partly recognized by Hackel, who transferred it to Lophopogon ,

a genus which he had segregated from Apocopis ( sensu Benth . ) . Actually

Sclerandrium seems to occupy an intermediate position between

Lophopogon and Apocopis. Lophopogon Hack, is here restricted to

L. tridentatus (Roxb.) Hack., the type species, L. Kingii Hook, f., and

a third undescribed Indian species. Two species originally described

under Lophopogon , namely, L. intermedius A. Camus and L. tenax

Balansa, are referable to Sclerandrium : the former is transferred above

as a specimen of the type-collection has been examined, but the latter

has not been seen, and it is only from the description that it is recog-

nizcd as belonging to this genus An undescribed species of Sclerandrium

!#ET ^T£(IrmS!“" by specim'“ coll“*'d “ «*■»

he proposed to ell SderandriZ Z sometime d h, 1,®'““ wl“'h

oil the Kew material ol that large and difficult th “ si "m‘"g

included A„u, $£)

SedtlemtnT18 ^ “ the ««»>tribe IscfuimiZ, Stapf

genera together withT/'^ 7 th° S?btnbe Saccharin*. These three

appear’s tf £ a very natural series which

atherum and / ' r‘ -v ^^ted to Pogonatherum, Pscudopogon-

reason ha W ^ hchaemum- It was no doubt for this

tbe-SaccSZ!Pf °:mf Se7es ‘n tis 8rouP PolUniastrae of

Varactors nil +1 ° Preer,r<‘( to classify them on general morphological

Th,; p0uin.^}eT than °“ the Purely sexual characters used by Hackel.

8°litarv snici'f lar Hre c laracter*zed by digitate, fascicled, paired or

and internal 0r?lirac^mei8- usually s^ender, linear or filiform pedicels

ti°n 0f ti 4 , os1<) herhachis, and 1-2-flowered spikelets. An enumera-

th(*m on f l U 1 Ve fenera now assigned to the PolUniastrae and a key to

Mow. 7 mSed 0n a manuscript one prepared by Stapf, are given

4

Key to the genera of Polliniastrae.

*Spikelets usually 1-flowered (rarely 2-flowered, Microstegium spp.) ;

lower glume distinctly 2-keeled, at least upwards, dorsally com¬

pressed, flat or depressed or with a median groove, rarely convex

or becoming terete and then with the lower glume not broadly

truncate or broad and toothed at the apex (Homozeugos and

Pseudopogonatherum) :

Lower glume and lower lemma awnless ; spikelets paired (or in

threes) with one (or two) sessile and the other pedicelled,

rarely both pedicelled :

Spikelets usually in threes at each joint of the rhachis, two

sessile and one pedicelled ; racemes solitary . . . 1. Polytrias.

Spikelets paired at each joint of the rhachis, one sessile, the

other pedicelled or both pedicelled ; racemes digitate, paired

or fascicled, rarely solitary :

Leaf-blades linear or rarely lanceolate-linear, usually

gradually passing into the sheaths ; racemes more or

less villous ; lower glume without a narrow median

groove ; awn of the fertile lemma well developed :

Lower glume dorsally flattened or shallowly con¬

cave between the keels ; spikelets not terete at

maturity ; callus obtuse ; lemma of the upper

floret oblong or at least wider than the awn,

2-lobed or 2-toothed at the apex ; perennial.

2. Eulalia

Lower glume convex or becoming convex on the

back ; spikelets terete at maturity ; callus obtuse

or acute :

Upper glume usually awned ; upper lemma

stipitiform ; spikelets small (2 *5-3 -5 nn11,

long), all pedicelled or with one sessile and

the other pedicelled ; annuals.

3. PseudopogonathcT urrl'

Upper glume awnless; upper lemma linear J

spikelets large (6-18 mm. long), one sessde

and the other pedicelled ; perennials.

4. llomozeug°s *

Leaf-blades mostly lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, oft®

contracted at the base, usually thin ; racemes rare ;

villous; lower glume with a narrow median gr0°v*j!

awn very slender, sometimes short or suppress® *

usually annual ; culms mostly decumbent and rooti

at the lower nodes :

5

Racemes digitate or fascicled, rarely solitary ; rliachis

fragile, the internodes filiform or thickened.

5. Microstegium.

Racemes solitary ; rhachis tough, flat ; upper lemma

deeply 2-lobed . 6. Ischnochloa.

Lower glume shortly 2-awned ; upper glume and both lemmas

long-awned ; spikelets paired with both spikelets pedicelled.

7. Polliniopsis.

**Spikelets 2- or sometimes 1 -flowered (Sclerandrium and Pogon-

atherum) ; lower glume not 2-keeled, convex on the back, that of the

sessile spikelet frequently toothed or broadly truncate at the apex :

Racemes fascicled, digitate or paired, rarely solitary (Apocopis)

and then with solitary spikelets :

Spikelets paired, one sessile, the other pedicelled :

Spikelets of each pair alike in shape and sex, 2-flowered ;

lower glume prominently nerved ; stamens 3 ;

lodicules present, each with a tuft of long hairs.

. 8. Eulaliopsis.

Spikelets of each pair more or less different in shape and

sex ; stamens 2 ; lodicules suppressed :

Racemes short, very dense and fragile, 2-3 in

dense fascicles, sessile on a common peduncle

the fascicles terminal on the culms or on branches

which are gathered into spathate panicles ;

spikelets slightly heteromorphous, 2-flowered-

ower glume of fertile spikelets with transversely

placed tufts of hairs; upper glume with a

bristle-like awn . 9 . Lophopogon.

Kacemes elongated, less dense, tough or slowly

breaking up, 2-6, terminal on the culms,

espa,thate ; spikelets very heteromorphous,

sessile 2-flowered, pedicelled 1-flowered ; lower

g ume without transverse tufts of hairs ; upper

glume muticous . 10. Sclerandrium .

Spikelets solitary, sessile, 2-flowered ; pedicelled spikelets

reduced to the pedicels ; lower glume broadly truncate

or rounded at the apex, sometimes minutely toothed,

without transversely placed tufts of hairs . . 11. Apocopis.

Racemes solitary ; upper glume and lower lemma with long

capillary awns ; spikelets paired, 1-2-flowered ; stamens 2 ;

odieules 0 . 1 T^Pogonaiherum.

6

Enumeration of the genera of Polliniastrae.

1. Polytrias Hack, in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ii. Abt. 2,

21, 24 (1887) ; et in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 189 (1889).

Species 1, Malayan Region, introduced into Tropical Africa and

America.

2. Eulalia Kunth , Rev. Gram. i. 160 (1829) ; Enum. P1 i. 479 (1833).

Species 25-30, tropical and subtropical regions of the Old World

(China and Japan, India, Malayan Region, Australia, Mascarene

Islands, East and South Africa).

3. Pseudopogonatherum A. Camas in Lecomte, FI. Gen. Indo-Chine,

vii. 254 (1922). Puliculmn Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, 1018

(1924).

Species 3, China, India, Malayan Region and Northern Australia.

4. Homozeugos Stapf in Hook. Ic. PL xxxi. t. 3033 (1915) ; et in

Prain, FI. Trop. Afr. ix. 101 (1917).

Species 3, Tropical Africa (Angola).

5. Microstegium Nees in Bindley, Nat. Syst. ed. 2, 447 (1836) ;

A. Camus in Lecomte, FI. G6n. Indo-Chine, vii. 257 (1922). PoUinia

Trin. in Mem. Acad. P^tersb. ser. 6, ii. 304 (1833), non Spreng. (1815).

Ephebopogon Nees et Meyen ex Steud. Nomencl. ed. 2, i. 556 (1840),

nomen. Leptathermn Nees in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 92 (1841). Nema -

stachys Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 357 (1854). Coelarthron Hook. f. in

FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 163 (1896) ; et in Hook. Ic. PI. xxvi. t. 2517 (1897).

Species about 20, tropical, subtropical and warm temperate regions

of the Old World (China and Japan, India, Malayan Region, Polynesia,

East and South Africa).

6. Ischnochloa Hook. f. in Hook. Ic. PI. xxv. t. 2466 (1896) ; et in

FI. Brit. Ind. vii. 147 (1896).

Species 1, India (North-Western Himalaya).

7. Polliniopsis llayata , Ic. PL Formos. vii. 76, fig. 45 (1918).

Species 1, Formosa. Not seen.

8. Eulaliopsis Honda in Tokyo Bot. Mag. xxxviii. 56 (20-iii-1924) ;

et in Journ. Fac. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo, sect. 3, Bot. pt. 1, 43 (1930).

PoUinidium Stapf ex Haines, Bot. Bihar & Orissa, 1020 (28-iii-1924).

Species 1, E. binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard,* a native of Afghanistan

India, China, Formosa, Siam, Indo-China and the Philippines.

* Eulaliopsis binata (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard , comb. nov. — Andropogon binaius

Retz. Obs. v. 21 (1789). Spodiopogori angustifolius Trin. in M6m. Acad. P6terab.t

aer. 6, ii. 300 (1833). Ischaemum angustifolium (Trin.) Hack, in DC. Monogr.

Phan. vi. 241 (1889). Eulaliopsis angustifolia (Trin.) Honda in Tokyo Bot. Mag*

xxxviii. 56 (1924). Pollinidium angustifolium (Trin.) Haines, Bot. Bihar & Oris«a»

1020 (1924). P. binatum (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard in Kew Bull. 1932, 72.

7

9. Lophopogon Hack, in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam ii Abt 2

22, 26 (1887) ; et in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 253 (1889), p.p. '

Species 3, India.

10. Sclerandrium Stapf et C. E. Hubbard in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 3262

(1935).

Species 4, Siam, Indo-China, Northern Australia.

11. Apocopis uiVees in Proc. Linn. Soc. i. 93 (1841) ; Hack, in DC

Monogr. Phan. vi. 256 (1889). Amblyachyrum Hochst. ex Steud Svn

Pi. Glum. i. 413 (1855) ; et in Flora, 1856, 26. *

Species 8, China, India, Malayan Region.

12. Pogonatherum Beauv. Agrost. 56, t. 11, fig. 7 (1812). HomovlM*

Trin. Fund. Agrost. 166 (1820). Pogonopsis J. B. Presl in C R Prill

Rel. Haenk. i. 333, t. 46 (1830). * res1’

Species 3, Japan, China, India, Malayan Region, North Queensland

Mauritius. — C. E. Hubbard. ’

Sclerandrium truncatiglume.

Fid. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, pair of spikelets ; 3-10, from sessile spikelet —

3, lower glume, side view ; 4a, b and o, lower glume, various types ■ 5 unmr

glume; 6 lemma of lower floret ; 7, palea of lower floret ; 8, stamens 9, lemma

17, lemma of upper floret; 18, palea of upper floret- 10 ° et »

12-19, x 6; 11, x 16. PP^ °ret ’ 19’ Pwtl1- Eigs. 2-10,

Tabula 3263.

ISCHAEMUM FRAGILE R. Br.

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

.}■ Holi-205 (1810) ; Benth. FI. Austral,

vii. 522 (1878) ; h. Muell. Syst. Cens. Austral. PI. 132 (1882) • F M

Bailey Syn. Queensl FL 641 (1883); Queensl. FI. vi. 1855 Vl902) ;

Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 617 (1913) ; Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan

vi. 250 (1889). Andropogon mfirmus Steud. Syn. PI. Glum. i. 369

(1854). Digasirium fragile A. Camus in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, lxx.

850 (1925). — Ischaemo rugoso Salisb. affine, habitu perenni, spicis

solitariis, spiculae sessilis gluma inferiore haud rugosa divergens.

Descriptio hie emendata.

y

Gramen perenne, caespitosum, usque ad 1-1 m. altum. Culmi

erecti vel leviter geniculato-ascendentes, graciles, teretes, s'implices

3-7-nodes, glabn laeves. Foliorum vaginae carinatae, plerumoue

arete appressae, pubescentes vel superne pilosae vel glabrescentes inter¬

mediae et superiores internodiis demum breviores ; nodi pubescentes

vel breviter barbati ; ligulae truncatae vel rotundatae, 1-1-5 mm

rl terctes’ 4 6 cin; \ongi, erecti, demum e vagina surnma longe exserti •

hacheos internodii (“ articuli ”) crassissimi, Cbovati,

clausi SfrCr0nV7i« oentrC PlaniuscuI° “embrana scariosa

ambobus T l0Dg-’ 1'8-2.mm- lati> dorso et margine uno vel

pu rSs oJ p! °vrum lnstruct1’ Pilis <*ectis fulvescentibus vel pur-

mternodik 3? g ^ et 8traminei vel pallide virides ; pedicelli

Pressi et nP mmU8Ve Slmiles et wboontigui, sed dorso leviter com-

6-7 mm l lonnun.^am ovato-oblongi vel oblongi. Spiculae sessiles

centes • V <!?^ae,l 111 erne pallide virides vel stramineae, superne rufes-

U8qUn Lh 9 °b^usu^ brevissimus, pilis purpureis vel fulvescentibus

lonffa uni mna* ,0n?1A lJrtrkatus. Gluma inferior oblonga, 5-6 mm.

W men bidentata, in duabus partibus inferioribus carti-

5—7-, lpr,.°, a< vis.’ .ln trie»te superiore ehartacea et scaberula, intus

trientp B?ar8inibus inferne inflexis, supra medium carinatis et in

lanceolQ;Uperi°re an8us^e alatis ; gluma superior ambitu oblique late

a, acuminata, 6-7 mm. longa, in setam usque ad 2 mm. longam

2

desinentia, carinata, carina et lateribus superne scaberula et marginibus

ciliolata, tenuiter coriacea, 5-7-nervis. Anthoecium inferum : lemma

late lanceolatum vel oblongo-lanceolatum, subacutum, 5 mm. longum,

tenuiter membranaceum, tenuissime -1-3-nerve, marginibus superne

ciliolatum ; palea late lanceolata, acuta, 5 mm. longa, firme mem-

branacea vel tenuiter coriacea, marginibus liyalinis inflexis. Anthoecium

superum § : lemma elliptico-oblongum, 4 mm. longum, hyalinum,

basi 3-nerve, lobis lanceolato-oblongis usque ad 3 mm. longis ; arista

geniculata, 10-18 mm. longa, columna 6-9 mm. longa glabra brunnea ;

palea anguste ovata, subacuta, 4 mm. longa, hyalina, tenuissime

2-nervis. Antherae lineares, 1 • 5-2 • 5 mm. longae. Spiculae pedicellatae

4-5 mm. longae ; callus minutus, breviter barbatus. Glumae firme

membranaceae ; inferior late lanceolata vel anguste ovata, acuta vel

obtusa, 6-8-nervis ; superior oblique oblongo-lanceolata, acuta,

carinata, 3-5-nervis. Anthoecium inferum sterile : lemma anguste

oblongum vel elliptico-oblongum, 1 *5-3-5 mm. longum, hyalinum,

tenuissime 1-3-nerve, ciliolatum, vel nullum ; palea anguste oblonga,

usque ad 2*5 mm. longa, hyalina, vel nulla. Anthoecium superum ad

lemma ovatum emarginatum vel obtuse bilobum usque ad 1 mm.

longum redactum vel nullum.

Queensland. Cook District: Endeavour River, 1770, Banks and

Solander ; Daintree River, open ridges, Feb. 1932, Brass 2201.

A new species of Ischaemum , closely allied to I. fragile R. Br., occurs

in Northern Queensland. As it bears on the generic position of

I. fragile , a description of it is given below.

I. Baileyi C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, I. fragili R. Br. affinis,

ligulis paullo longioribus, culmis compressis superne ramosis, racemis

plerumque binatis, racemis lateralibus breviter pedunculatis in vaginis

spathiformibus inclusis vel ex iis lateraliter exsertis, rhacheos internodiis

plerumque subtrigonis, anthoecio infero vel $ vel £ distinguenda.

Gramen perenne, caespitosum, usque ad 0-9 m. altum. Culmi

erecti vel leviter geniculato-ascendentes, graciles, leviter compressi,

superne uno latere sulcati, 4-6-nodes, e nodis superioribus ramosi,

glabri laevesque. Foliorum vaginae compressae, carinatae, laxae,

internodiis plerumque breviores, pubescentes vel superne pilosae vel

glabrae, apice auriculatae, auriculis erectis usque ad 3*5 mm. longis>

superiores tenues ; nodi breviter (dense vel sparse) barbati, vel glabri ,

ligulae auriculis adnatae, acutae, obtusae vel truncatae, 1 *5-3*5 nin1*

longae ; laminae lineares, inferiores basin versus longe attenuatae,

apice acutae, usque ad 33 cm. longae, 3-7 mm. latae, planae, firmae,

subtus dense supra laxe pubescentes vel glabrae, marginibus scabridae.

Racemi terminales e vagina summa demum longe exserti, latera

2-3 breviter pedunculati in vagina spathiformi inclusi vel ex

lateraliter exserti, omnes binati, raro solitarii, usque ad 5*5 cm. l°n©

ea

3

rhacheos internodii plerumque subtrigoni, 3-5-4 mm. longi, ceterum

in 7. fragili ; pedicelli internodiis similes. Spiculae sessiles 6-7 mm.

longae. Gluma inferior 5-6 mm. longa, dorso laevis, ceterum ut in

I fragili ; gluma superior 5*5-7 mm. longa, in setam 2-4 mm. longam

desinens, ceterum ut in 7. fragili. Anthoecium inferum $ vel $ :

lemma oblongo-lanceolatum, obtusum, 4-5 mm. longum, tenuissime

3-rierve ; palea ut in /. fragili. Anthoecium superum $ : lemma

3'4 mm. longum ; arista 16-19 mm. longa, columna 8-9 mm. longa ;

ceterum ut in 7. fragili. Antherae oblongae, 0-5-2 mm. longae.

Garyopsis ovato-elliptica vel elliptica, plano-convexa, 2 mm. longa.

Hpi (‘iitac pedicel! at.ae. 3-5-6 mm. longa1. Gluma inferior oblongo-

lanceolata vel ovato-oblonga, acuta vel obtusa, 7— 9-nervis ; gluma

superior ut in 7. fragili. Anthoecium inferum vel vel sterile vel

nullum : lemma et palea ut in spicula sessili. Anthoecium superum

vel vel sterile vel plerumque nullum : lemma breviter bilobum ;

arista usque ad 4 mm. longa.

Queensland. Cook District : Mabuiag Island, May 1911, Biclc 54 •

Thursday Island, June 1897, F. M. Bailey, Somerset, June 1897,'

F. M. Bailey 73 (type).

Hackel in his monograph of the Andropogoneae (DC. Monogr. Phan,

vi. 250 : 1889) proposed a new subgenus Digastrium for Ischaemum

fragile R. Br. It was characterized by solitary racemes, obovate-

ventricose joints and pedicels, awned perfect sessile spikelets, and

barren pedicelled spikelets reduced to the two glumes. He stated

further that Ischaemum subgen. Digastrium approached Rottboellia

no doubt on account of the general resemblance shown in the much-

thickened joints and pedicels. More recently A. Camus (in Bull Mus

H.st Nat. Pans, xxvn. 372: 1921, in obs.) has raised the subgenus

Digastnum to generic rank. Later the same author (in Bull Soc

and | ra',ce’ !xx' 849 : ,192+) gave a generic description of Digastrium

Forsk'1 1 Vlnf IS°rSed affimtir with Ischae”™m L. and' Sekima

bablv1’ °n the gJenera °f the subtribe Ischaemirm

(probably before 1917), also removed the subgenus Digastrium from

'^emum but he did not publish it as a distinct genus. In loZ

c ’ however- which he had prepared on the genus

r°te US f°Ur8 re8ardin« Hackel’s subgenus Digas-

its lowpr 1 6 8tructl.l^e of the lower [sessile] spikelet and especially

Would n f i es 80 muc^ that °f a typical Ischaemum , that it

it orpin ° >e ^U8tl,a . 8eParate Digastrium generically, although

that tLi a 80mewhat ^olated position in the genus.’1 It is probable

as a diol; efract ^as written after Stapf had separated Digastrium

8enus in the herbarium, and that, later, a more thorough

the sn ca^se(J hlm to revise his opinion, but he forgot to transfer

by bnH^u01}8 . )ac , to Ischaemum. The diagnostic characters used

a sulw^1 ac 0 an<^ ^amus f°r distinguishing Digastrium (either as

solitarv US °r genus) fr?m Ischaemum are with one exception (the

y racemes) found in several undoubted species of Ischaemum.

4

For example, in I. rugosum Salisb. the joints and pedicels are somewhat

similar in general structure to those of I. fragile R. Br., whilst the

pedicelled spikelets are frequently much reduced and barren. In

/. fragile R. Br., however, the pedicelled spikelets are somewhat

variable ; in some spikelets the lower floret is represented by the

lemma and palea, and a rudiment of the upper floret may also be found,

while in other spikelets both florets may be suppressed. Hackel

apparently had only spikelets of the latter type for examination.

The solitary raceme is thus the only distinguishing feature left between

Digastrium and Ischaemum. It is here that a consideration of

Ischaemum Baileyi becomes important. This species belongs to the

same group as I. fragile and would have to be placed in Digastrium if

that were retained as a distinct genus. The racemes are mostly paired

as is commonly the case in the genus Ischaemum , but solitary racemes

are occasionally met with which serve to connect it with I. fragile .

Thus all the diagnostic characters given for separating Ischaemuffl

and Digastrium break down.

In his account of Ischaemum fragile , Hackel reverses the description

of the lemma and palea of the lower floret. This may have been due

to having insufficient material for examination, or on the other hand,

in the course of dissecting, the various parts may have become detached

as is frequently the case. The peculiar palea might then be easily

confused with the lemma. This palea is usually thinly coriaceous

and has thin hyaline margins which fold over the male flower, whilst

the lemma is thinner and narrower.

F. M. Bailey (ll.ee.) gives Port Denison as a locality for Ischaem vftf

fragile R. Br., but no specimens from this area were found in th«

Brisbane Herbarium. Some fragments collected by A. Mitchell i#

Sept. 1895, on “ Frasers Islands/’ probably belong here. The raceme8

are solitary, but still partially enclosed in the uppermost leaf-sheaths*

If the label is correct and the locality is the same as Fraser Island

(Great Sandy Island), then this material considerably extends the

known distribution of /. fragile. Ischaemum Baileyi and /. frag ifa

as far as is known at present, are geographically separated, the form®*

occurring only in the extreme north of Cook District and on the

adjacent islands, whilst the latter ranges southwards from the Endeavour

River. The specimens of 7. Baileyi collected by Bick (no. 54) oil

Mabuiag Island were incorrectly referred to Polytoca cyathopoda W

F. M. Bailey (Qucensl. Agric. Journ. xxvii. 69 : 1911). — C. E. Hubbard

Ischaemum fragile.

Fio. 1, plant, natural size , 14 cm. of culm omitted; 2, pair of spikelets a«d

in tern ode of rhachis ; 3—4, internode of rhachis, front and back views ; 5, transfer®

section of internode ; 6-15, from sessile spikelet : — 6, lower glume ; 7,

glume, side view ; 8, lemma of lower floret ; 9, palea of lower floret ; 10, l°aicUV,f

from lower floret; 11, stamens; 12, lemma of upper floret; 13, palea of llPP\j

floret; 14, lodicules from upper floret; 15, pistil; 16, pedicelled spikelet

pedicel; 17, transverse section of pedicel; 18-21, from pedicelled spi keie •

18, lower glume; 19, upper glume, side view; 20, upper glume, opened o

21, lemma of lower floret. Figs. 2-21, x 6.

1

3264

Tabula 3264.

ZOISIA MACRANTHA Desv.

Gramineae. Tribus Zoisieae.

Z. macrantha Desv. Opusc. 54 (1831) (M4m. Soc. Agric. Angers, i.

158 : 1831). Z. pungens R. Br. Prodr. 208 (1810) ; F. Muell. Fragra.

Phyt. Austral, viii. 116 (1873) ; et in Viet. Nat. iv. 145 (1888) ; Benth.

FI. Austral, vii. 506 (1878) ; Turner, Census Grasses N.S. Wales, 48

(1890) ; et in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, iii. 231, tab. 13 (1892) ; Moore,

Handb. FI. N.S. Wales, 476 (1893) ; M liden, Man. Grasses N.S. Wales,

63 (1898) ; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. vi. 1847 (1902) ; Compreh.

Cat. Queensl. PI. 616 (1913); Rodway, Tasman. FI. 258 (1903);

Maiden & Betche, Census N.S. Wales PI. 16 (1916) ; Domin in

Bibl. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 286 (1915) ; Black, FI. S. Austral. 665

(1929); Morris in Ewart, FI. Viet. 119, fig. 38 (1930); non Willd.

Z. Brownii C. Muell. in Bot. Zeit. xiii. 272 (1855). Z. sedoides C. Muell.

l.c. 273 (?). Z. iodostachys Gandoger in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 1919,

lxvi. 303 (1920). — Z. Matrella (L.) Merrill affinis, foliorum laminis

plerumque longioribus et latioribus, racemis crassioribus, spiculis

majoribus differt.

Gramen perenne ; rhizomata et stolones longissimi, graciles vel

validiusculi, multinodes, laeves, cataphyllis glabris pallidis vel stramineis

teretibus praediti. Culmi erecti vel ascendentes, 5-30 cm. alti, graciles,

rigidi, multinodes, simplices vel plerumque ramis erectis ramosi, laeves.

Foliorum vaginae laxae, imbricatae, tenuiter striatae, laeves, ore

pubescentes vel pilosae, ceterum glabrae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum

minutorum redactae ; laminae lineares, in apicem obtusum durum

attenuatae, 2-16 cm. longae, planae vel convolutae vel involutae, usque

at 4 mm. latae, rigidiusculae vel rigidae, erectae veldemum horizontaiiter

patentes, pone ligulam serie pilorum longorum pilosae vel glabrae,

aeves. Racemi spiciformes, graciles, erecti, densi, 2-5*5 cm. longi,

mm. diametro, purpurei vel vi rides ; rhachis flexuosa, rigida,

ngulata, minute scaberul a ; pedicelli incrassati, usque ad 1 mm. longi,

jftinute scaberuli. Spiculae appressae, oblique ovato-oblongae vel

^anceolato-oblongae vel lanceolatae, obtusae vel acutae, 3*5-5 mm.

t^igae, nitentes. Gluma superior minute biloba, mutica vel mucronata

? ari«ta scaberula gracillima usque ad 3 mm. longa instructa, coriacea,

J«cure 7-9-nervis, laevis, marginibus tenuibus minutissime ciliolata.

2

Lemma ovato-oblongum vel anguste oblongum, minute bilobum,

2*5-3 mm. longum, carinatum, carina minute scaberula vel laevi,

membranaceum vel hyalinum, 1 -nerve. Palea circiter 2 mm. longa,

hyalina. Antkerae 2-2*5 mm. longae.

Queensland. Port Curtis District : Emu Park, near Rockhampton,

March 1910, Domin ; Port Curtis, Nov. 1847, McOillivray B 71. Wide

Bay District : Bundaberg, Michael ; Pialba, in sand on coast above

high-water mark, Aug. 1930, Blake 35 ; Fraser Island, dominant

grass on sand dunes, forming loose turf, Oct. 1930, Hubbard 4444

Moreton District : Sandgate, near Brisbane, on sands near sea, growing

with Sporobolus virginicus , Cynodon Dactylon and Spinifex hirsutus ,

June 1930, Hubbard 2937 ; Bribie Island, April 1914, White ; on sands

above high-water mark, with tpomoea pes-caprae and Cynodon Dactylon ,

May 1930, Hubbard 2646 ; Moreton Island, Jan. 1847, McGillivray

71b; Stradbroke Island, Scortechini and Bailey ; near Amity Point,

covering large areas of sandy ground near sea and mangrove swamps,

and sometimes growing amongst “ Bracken ” on sand dunes, April

1930, Hubbard 2202 ; between Amity Point and Point Lookout,

abundant on sand dunes, together with Spinifex hirsutus , Ipomoea pes-

caprae , etc., April 1930, Hubbard 2318 ; Brisbane River, Didrich 2737 ;

Point Halloran, Oct. 1930, Kunze in Herb. Hubbard 5454 ; Tugun,

common on sand dunes, together with Spinifex hirsutus , Sept. 1930,

Hubbard 3863 ; Palm Beach, common on sand dunes, Nov. 1929,

While 6572, Jan. 1931, Jackson.

New South Wales. Near Red Bank River, on salt marshes, Woolls ;

near Newcastle, on sandy shores, Oct. & Nov. 1804, Brown 6163

(partim) ; Sydney, Homebush Bay, salt swamp, Oct. 1930, Vickery 59;

Port Jackson, Brown 6163 (partim) ; Maiden in Kneucker Gram-

Exsicc. 184 ; Maiden ; Caley (Herb. Mus. Brit.).

Victoria. Sandy coast from Cape Howe to Lake Wellington,

Mueller ; sandy coast of East Gippsland, Mueller.

Tasmania. King Island, Neale (ex Benth.).

The genus Zoisia is represented by about six to eight species which

are found, mainly along the coasts, in Mauritius, South India and

Ceylon, Japan. China, Malayan Region, Solomon Islands, Eastern

Australia and New Zealand. In the last-named country, however, the

species ascend to comparatively high altitudes inland. The Australasia11

species, in common with other members of the genus, have usually been

included under Zoisia Matrella (L.) Merrill (Z. pungens Willd.). The

area of distribution of the latter extends from Mauritius to the Soloin°n

Islands. It differs from the Australian species Z. macrantha Desv- by

its narrower leaves, more slender racemes and smaller spikelets (2*

3*5 mm. long), and from the New Zealand species by its denser racemes,

with more numerous and smaller spikelets ; whilst Z. macrantha Des^j

may be distinguished from the New Zealand species by its taller an

stouter culms, more rigid and wider leaf-blades, stouter and den

3

spikes and more numerous obliquely ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong

spikelets. The Australian species seems to be more closely allied to

sinica Hance of China than to the New Zealand species.

Desveaux’s species Z. macrantha has been somewhat neglected, no

doubt owing to the rarity of his “ Opuscula.” Bentham did not include

it in the Flora Australiensis, whilst C. Mueller redescribed it as a new

species, Z. Brownii . Z. iodostachys Gandoger is represented in the

New Herbarium by a duplicate from the United States National

Herbarium communicated by Gandoger. This contains a mixture of

macrantha Desv. and Z. Matrella Merrill, but Gandoger’s description

applies only to the former.

Zoisia macrantha Desv. is of frequent occurrence on the coasts of

Southern Queensland. It often covers large areas on the sand dunes

above high-water mark, where it forms pure masses or grows in associa¬

tion with Sporobolus virginicus (L.) Kunth, Spinifex hirsutus Labill.,

Cynodon Dactylon (L ) Pen., etc. In some places Zoisia macrantha

grows on sand dunes bordering salt marshes, and it is possible that it

might occur in the salt marshes themselves, but such a habitat would

be unusual, at least in Queensland. In N.S. Wales, however it is

recorded from salt marshes. So far it has not been recorded further

north than Emu Park near Rockhampton, Central Queensland, its

place being taken in Northern Queensland by Thuarea involuta (Forst.)

R. & S., etc. The southernmost locality from which specimens have been

examined is the sandy coast of East Gippsland in Victoria. Bentham

(FI. Austral, vii. 506) and Rodway (Tasman. FI. 258) record a Zoisia

from islands in the Bass Strait, whilst J. M. Black (FI. S. Austral. 665)

states that Z. pungens forms a dense sward near the Rocky River

Kangaroo Island, South Australia. It is probable that both records

are referable to Z. macrantha Desv.

“ PrTckfv rounTn" *" ?,0mTmonl>: known as “ Coast Couch Grass ” or

o car l i * a ^ m[ass' lt 18 of conslderable economic importance as

a sand-binder. The roots and rhizomes form a network which con¬

solidates drifting sand, whilst the culms appear to be able to grow up

through increasing layers of sand, branching freely and rooting at the

SC and !nTe H‘tUUtTf th\strle sko°ts form a ^irly compact

Z tenuiZ TrlnTT Used> like ^japonica Steud. and

doub fS 71 ’ n. la,wn grass for “aritime and inland sands. It is

are touih f has any value as a fodder grass, since its leaves

effected bv r .rigl(k According to Maiden, propagation is readily

fair amnidt T° thj rhlzomes '■ should also be noted that a

“'r amount of seed is produced.

mav not .tW° ^0i'na Prescnt in New Zealand, which may or

sIJikelet« 'fFl -?St‘Ut 8Pecies ; one (A) has usually solitary awnless

Csev ’Jllfrn:,r°Ik'd k;af'blades and dwarf culms; the other (B)

raceme flit 1* °/i ? avvned and slightly smaller spikelets in a loose

Without III leaf'b‘ades alld dually taller culms ; both are at present

following IT*’ CJrsenia!‘ <Man- N- Zeal. FI. ed. 2, 137 : 1925),

b 1 r ier authors, refers the New Zealand Zoisia to Z. pungens

4

Willd., and cites Rottboellia uniflora A. Cunn. (Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag.

ii. 37 : 1837) as a synonym. The latter, however, is not a species of

Zoisia. Cunningham describes the spikes as conjugate, whereas they

are always solitary in Zoisia . A search through the New Zealand

specimens of Paspalum at Kew revealed the type of Rottboellia uniflora

in the cover of Paspalum vaginatum Sw., with which it is conspecific.

The New Zealand Zoisia (type A) was first described by Colenso as

Gaimardia minima (in Trans. N.Z. Inst. xxii. 491 : 1890). More

recently Mez has described a Zoisia pauciflora (Fedde, Repert. xvii.

146 : 1921) from New Zealand, based on specimens collected by

Berggren, Petrie and Colenso. Judging from his description this

appears to be a mixture of both types (A & B).

The question whether there are one or two species of Zoisia in New

Zealand is one which can be settled oniy by adequate studies in the

field. — C. E. Hubbard.

Fig. 1, plant, showing habit, x $ ; 2, part of plant, natural size ; 3, raceme*

x 3 ; 4, rhachis of raceme, x 3 ; 5, spikelet, x 7 ; 5a, upper glume, flattened,

from inside, x 7 ; 6, lemma, side view, x 7 ; 6a, lemma, flattened, x 7 ;

7, palea, x 7.

C 5265

— iv »U.:'

mm

S.RrC.

Tabula 3265.

PENTAS MAGNIFICA Bullock .

Rubiaceae. Tribus Hedyotideae.

P. masnifica Bullock ; species nova, affinis P. longitubae K. Sebum.,

a qua foliis subtus reticulatis, costa et nervis lateralibus prominentibus

molliter crispa to-subtomentellis, floribus multo majoribus, capsulis

apice subrostratis facile distmguitur.

Planta suffruticosa, ramosa, subsucculenta, circiter 1 m. alta, tota

breviter pubescens ; caules satis crassi, crispato-pubescentes, inter-

nodiis superne circiter 2-5-4 cm. longis. Folia elliptica vel anguste

ovata, superne sensim angustata, apice acuta, basi acuta, utrinque

pubescentia, sed costa et nervis lateralibus (utrinsecus 15-18) infra

prominentibus breviter molliterque crispato-subtomentellis, petiolis

latis brevissimis ; stipulae breviter vaginato-connatae sed inter petiolos

in lobos 5-9 filiformes usque 7 mm. longos fimbriatae. Cymae termi¬

nates, e basi 3-ramosae ; rami puberuli, usque 5 cm. longi sed saepe

breviores, apice irregulariter brevissime ramulosi et 3-6-flori • bracteae

bracteolaeq ue minutissimae vel obsoletae. Flores pentameri albi

brevissime pedicellati vel subsessiles. Calyx (receptaculo inclusoj cam-

panulatus, molliter pubescens; tubus (cum receptaculo) 5-6 mm lomms

et circiter 4 mm. diametro, fauce latiore, apice inter lobos glanX

1-3 parvulis clavatis ornatus; lobi 5, persistentes, lmeares mrcito

1 -5 cm. longi et basin versus usque 1 -5 mm. lati. Corolla loiigissime

tubulosa ; tubus circiter 15 cm. longus, 3 mm. diametro, apicenfvcrsus

Lviter dilatatus extra plus minusve dense crispato-pubescens intus

; r UfTe 2 lufr? faucem (Parte dilatata) dimsius et longius

m entesol ?Crr ^ et ^^tudinaliter striatus ; lobi 5,

et ^ 1 cm. lk, extra

filament 1 •’ U-1 US g a )n' Stamina 5, in parte tubi dilatata inclusa ;

S V1X 1 mm* longa’ antherae lineares,

Ovarium K’l aC,i JaS1Ii vers.us dorsifixae, 9-5 mm. longae, glabrae,

usauo - 1 ocu are> p^eentis peltatis ; ovula numerosissima. Stylus

pubernlna •CIf1 on?e exsertus, 16-5 cm. longus, superne lepidoto-

lobis (>iw- • BoIle g a^res<rens» apice stigmatosus, dilatatus, bilobatus,

loneq n J- 1018 ? mm* ^ong^s- Capsula (? immatura) ovoidea, 1-5 cm.

loculoa P^Ce s,. acute rostrata, e calyce exserta, leviter 10-striata, inter

annuls aP*cem versus lobis calycinis persistentibus

aunulata, valvis 2 lignosis apice dehiscens.

2

Tanganyika Territory. In crevices on great granite precipices at

the summit of Mt. Luemba, Kilossa District, 1860 m., 15 Feb. 1933,

B. D. Burtt 4555 (type). Among rocks, Morogoro District, 1500 m.,

1 April 1932, G. B. Wallace 307.

This magnificent plant, recalling such other species of Pentas as

P. longituba K. Schum., P. graniticola E. A. Bruce and P. nobilis

S. Moore in habit and inflorescence, has much larger flowers than any

other species hitherto described. The corolla-tube attains 6 inches in

length, whilst the limb is as much as 2 inches in diameter. Mr. B. D.

Burtt, whose beautifully preserved specimen has been taken as the

type, has the note : “ magnificent white tubular flowers on bright

green semi-succulent bush-herb 3-3| feet high ” ; Mr. G. B. Wallace

collected the somewhat immature fruits, and observes that it is a

44 shrub 4 feet high, flowers white,” and gives the Kiswahili name as

“ Ndondoole.”

It is unfortunate that no definite information is available as to the

existence of heterostyly in this species. In such species as P. carnosa

Benth. and P. purpurea Oliv. this condition, perhaps often overlooked,

has led to much confusion. Extensive collections and special field

notes are necessary before a satisfactory arrangement of existing

herbarium specimens is possible.— A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, upper part of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, longitudinal section of

calyx and ovary, x 3 ; 3, longitudinal section of upper part of corolla, x 1*5;

4, stamen, abaxial view, x 4 ; 5, upper part of style with stigmas, x 4 ; 6, part

of infructescence, x 1*5.

L

3266

Tabula 3266.

BLEPHARIS HORNBY AE Milne- Redhead.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Acantheae.

B. (Eublepharis) Hombyae Milne-Redhead ; species nova, B. Ilomblei

Be Wild, magnitudine florum similis, sed foliis ellipticis vel obovatis,

bracteis papyraceis conspicue nervosis facile distinguenda.

Herba scandens, usque 5 m. alta. Caules furcati, subquadrangulares,

glabri vel subglabri, juventute dense pubescentes, internodiis usque

15 cm. longis. Folia pseudo-verticillata, inaequalia, elliptica vel

obovata, apice rotundata vel acuta, inferne in petiolum angustata,

usque 8-5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, margine spinuloso-denticulata,

juventute parce pilosa praesertim in nervis, demum glabra ; nervi

primarii utroque costae latere circiter 5, manifesti. Inflorescentiae

numerosae, terminales et axillares, uniflorae ; bracteae steriles circiter

9 ; extima minima, ovato-lanceolata, acuta vel subspinosa, circiter

6 mm. longa et 3 mm. lata, margine spinulis 1-2 instructa, utrinque

puberula ; intima maxima, obovato-oblonga, basi leviter angustata

circiter 2 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata, papyracea, conspicue trinervis, superne

setis marginal lbus usque 6 mm. longis instructa, utrinque minutissime

puberula , bractea fertihs bracteae sterili maximae similis ; bracteolae

setaceae, circiter 2-6 cm. longae, basi vix 1 mm. latae. Calyx usque

ad basin 4-partitus ; segmentum posticum inferne valde concavum

(explanatum ellipticum) , papyraceum, superne planum, ovato-oblongum,

acutum, apiculatum, subpetaloideum, circiter 3 cm. longum et 1 cm.

latum, nervis 3 parallels instructum ; segmenta lateralia lanceolata,

- mucronata, circiter 1 cm. longa et 0-5 cm. lata, papyracea, uninervia ;

segmentum anticum inferne concavum (explanatum oblongo-ellipticum),

papyreieeum, superne planum, oblongum, subpetaloideum, apice minute

um> circiter 2*3 cm. longum et 0’8 cm. latum, conspicue

nerve. Lorolla caerulea vel roseo-purpurea vel alba, circiter 3-8 cm.

onga } tubus 12 mm. longus, extra glaber, intus glaber fauce pilis

nzontalibus clausa excepta ; labium late ovatum, basi angustatum,

pu e rilobum, lobo medio parvo suborbiculari, lobis lateralibus medio

peratis rotundatis, circiter 2-6 cm. longum et 2*4 cm. latum, extra

ense adpresse pubescens, intus marginem versus glabrum, medio

use retrorso-hirsutum lamellis 3 longitudinalibus 1 cm. longis exceptis,

sin versus infra lamellas callo longitudinali oblongo rectangulari

2

9 mm. longo 2*5 mm. lato corneo instructum. Stamina 4, fauci affixa ;

filamenta postica leviter arcuata, sursum angustata, circiter 12 mm.

longa, basi 1*5 mm. lata, parce glandulosa ; antica subrecta, valde

compressa, circiter 12 mm. longa, medium versus 3*5 mm. lata, apice

vix biloba, basi parce glandulosa ; antherae monothecae, parce

glandulosae, valde ciliato-barbatae, usque 8 mm. longae. Discus

cupularis, carnosus, circiter 2 mm. altus. Ovarium ovoideum,

4*5 mm. altum, 3 mm. diametro, glabrum, apice postice glandulis

duabus papillatis instructum ; stylus anguste ensiformis, minute

bifidus, 2*1 cm. longus. Capsula vix matura oblongo-ellipsoidea, nec

compressa, 1*4 cm. longa, 6 mm. diametro, glabra, nitidula. Semina

non visa.

Tanganyika Territory. Dodoma District : a trailing shrub

growing on low-lying dry sandy soil at Mpwapwa, 14 Aug. 1928,

Mrs. Hornby 1 (type) ; a very common scandent shrub growing over

bushes and small trees on the edge of dongas (dry river-beds), usually

in dark brown sandy soil, at Mpwapwa, 1000-1100 m., 18 Aug. 1930,

Greenway 2401 : — the flowers vary from white through pale magenta

to pale and dark blue.

This very beautiful Blepharis stands out from among the other

species of Section Eublepharis, to which it belongs, on account of its

robust habit, its large flowers and its conspicuously nerved papery

bracts. B. Homblei De Wild, has flowers nearly as large but is very

different in other respects. Of the species given in the Flora of

Tropical Africa, B. Ilornbyae comes nearest to B. integrifolia (L.f*)

E. Mey. (B. molluginijolia Pers.), which agrees in the possession of

bracteoles and in the trailing habit, but is a very much smaller weedy

plant with insignificant flowTers.

The species is named after Mrs. H. E. Hornby, who, together with

her husband, has contributed so many specimens from the district

around Mpwapwa, Tanganyika Territory, an area which appears to

be very rich in endemics. B. Ilornbyae grows on sandy soil in the

evergreen thickets which fringe the seasonal streams, and uses the

evergreen shrubs for its support much in the same way as Lonicera

Periclyrmnum L. does in Europe. — E. Milne-Rediiead.

Fio. 1, portion of flowering branch, natural size ; 2, portion of leaf, natural

size; 3, bracteole, x 1-5; 4, posticous calyx segments, x 1-5; 5, lateral cajy*

segment, x 1-5; 6, an ticous calyx segment, x 1*5; 7, posterior view of corolJ^*

split open, x 1*5; 8, anticous stamen, x 2; 9, posticous stamen, x * \

10, upper portion of posticous stamen, x 3; 11, pollen grain, x 600 (appr°x,{/

12, gynoecium, with disk, posterior view, x 4 ; 13, capsule, posterior view, *

<3267

Tabula 3267.

ANISOTES TJMBROSUS Milne- Redhead.

Acanthaceab. Tribus Justicieae.

A. umbrosus Milne-Redhead ; species nova, distinctissima, habitu

et bracteis Adhatodae Englerianae (Lindau) C. B. Clarke similis ; sed

floribus speciei Anisotis similibus instructa.

Frutex circiter 2 cm. altus. Rami quadrangulares, dense breviter

hirsuti, demum glabrescentes vel puberuli, internodiis usque 3 cm.

longis. Folia ovata, breviter acuminata vel acuta, basi in petiolum

angustata, usque 33 cm. longa, 15 cm. lata, utrinque grosse pubescentia ;

nervi utrinque conspicui, laterales utroque latere costae 8—12.

Injlorescentiae axillares, 7—12 cm. longae, dense strobilaceae, pedun-

culatae, pedunculis usque 3 cm. longis velutinis ; bracteae ovatae,

acutae vel breviter acuminatae, basi rotundatae vel subcordatae, circi¬

ter 2*5 cm. longae, 1-5 cm. latae, quinquenerviae, dense pubescentes ;

bracteolae anguste lanceolatae, apice subulatae, 12 mm. longae,

2-5 mm. latae, pubescentes et sparse glanduloso-pubescentes. Calyx

fere usque ad basin 5-partitus, circiter 9 mm. longus, segmentis

linearibus extra glanduloso-pubescentibus intus appresse pubescentibus.

Corolla bilabiata, viridi-alba, extra parce hirsuta et densiuscule

glandulosa, intus glabra, circiter 3-5 cm. longa; tubus inferne

cylindncus, 4 mm. diametro, glaber, postice infra medium in cavos

transversos duo externos parum prof undos 2*5 mm. latos excavatus,

antice infra faucem in saccum externum callum quadrangularem

internum eflormantem excavatus ; tubus superne leviter compressus

cum labium posticum arcuatus, totus circiter 13 mm. longus ; petala

postica (usque ad apicem connata) trinervia, nervis triadum adaxiali-

us lamellato-carinatis, nervis lateralibus cuj usque triadis in marginem

cavi pisciniformis conjunctis ibidemque hirsutis nervo singulo superne

irsuto usque ad basin tubi oblique descendente ; labium posticum

aneeolato-lineare, leviter arcuatum, concavum, subacutum, apice

minute bidentatum vel integrum, circiter 22 mm. longum ; labium

anticum liguliforme, plus minusve reflexum, profunde trilobatum,

obis usque 13 mm. longis, medio lateralibus latiore. Stamina 2,

postica, tubi apicem versus affixa ; filamenta compressa, circiter

cm. longa ; antherae dithecae, thecis discretis, altera paullo altius

amxa, inferiore basi obscure calcarata. Discus cupularis. Ovarium

2

circiter 2 mm. longum, parce glandulosum ; stylus circiter 2-5 cm.

longus, interne parce hirsutus, superne glaber, apice integer. Capsula

stipitata, compresso-clavata, apice brevissime rostrata, circiter 2 cm.

longa, hirsuta et glandulosa. Semina 4, plano-compressa, suborbicu-

laria, leviter rugosa.

Tanganyika Territory. Dodoma District : common along banks

of permanent stream in deep shade of riverine fringing forest composed

of Khaya , Parkia , Albizzia and Ficus species in the Upper Tubugwe

Valley, Mpwapwa, 900-1050 m., 3 Aug. 1933, Burtt 4776 (type) : —

a loose shrub 2 m. high ; flowers very pale greenish-white ; an

uncommon scandent shrub on bank of dry stream running into

normal riverine forest at Tubugwe near Mpwapwa, 11 Aug. 1933,

Mr. and Mrs. Hornby 537.

It is not without hesitation that I place this species in Anisotes , a

genus which up to the present contains only plants with small and

inconspicuous bracts and bracteoles. However, the striking similarity

of the corollas to those of the other species of Anisotes suggests

that this is its true position. The West African A. Zenkeri (Lindau)

C. B. Clarke has many-flowered axillary inflorescences, but they are very

shortly pedicelled and are not strobilate. In appearance A. umbrosus

is remarkably similar to Adhatoda Engleriana (Lindau) C. B. Clarke, but

the petiolate leaves without auricles and the longer and more

slender flowers readily distinguish the former species. The pollen of

A. umbrosus is “ knotchenpollen ” with two stoppels, as in both these

genera. — E. Milne-Redhead.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, bracteole, x 3 ; 3, flower with corolla-

removed, x 3; 4, inside view of posterior half of corolla, x 1*5; 5, inside view

of anterior half of corolla, with stamens removed, x 1*5; 6, top of filament

with anther thecae, x 6 ; 7, 8, pollen grains, x 600 (approx.) ; 9, gynoeciun*

with style removed, x 4; 10, capsule showing seed, x 1*5.

Tabula 3268.

ANISOTES BRACTEATUS Milne- Redhead.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Justicieae.

A. bracteatus Milne- Redhead ; species nova, ab affini A. umbroso

MUue-Eedbead habRu decuiu0, foliis et floribus miuoribus, bracteis

albo-vindibus, bracteolis majonbus, corollae labii antici lobis brevi-

oribus recedens.

Fruiex circiter 3 m. altus. Rami teretes, subangulati, brevissime

et rainutissime appresse pilosi, demum glabrescentes, internodiis

usque 6 cm. longis. Folia decidua, ovato-lanceolata, vix acuminata,

basi in petiolum attenuata, usque 12 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, juventute

utrinque praesertim in nervis minute inconspicue pilosa, demum glabra,

exsiccando utrinque cystolithis dense notata ; costa et nervi laterales

utrinque conspicui, nervi laterales utroque latere costae 5-6 ; petioli

usque 3 cm. longi, dense et minutissime pilosi, demum glabri.

Injlorescentiae axillares, 4-7 cm . longae, dense strobilaceae, pedunculatae,

pedunculis usque 2 cm. longis dense et minutissime subappresse

mrsutis ; bracteae late ovatae, in apicem breviter acuminatae, basi

subcordatae, vix 2 cm. longae et 1-5 cm. latae, inconspicue quinque-

nerviae, reticulato-venosae, parce pubescentes ; bracteolae lanceo-

latae, apice subulatae, usque 1-9 cm. longae et 0-5 cm. latae, parce

pubescentes. Calyx profunde 5-partitus, circiter 5 mm. lon"us *

segmenta lineari-lanceolata, acuta, eglandulosa, breviter subappresse

pubescentia. Corolla bilabiata, circiter 2 cm. longa, viridi-alba, extra

parte basali excepta breviter hirsuta et minute glandulosa, intus

giahra; tubus inferne cylindricus, 3 mm. diametro, postice infra

me mm in saccos duo externos prof undos 1 mm. diametro excavatus,

ant ice infra faucem in saccum externum callum triangularem internum

c °^man^em excavatus ; tubus superne leviter compressus, ut labium

pos lcum arcuatus ; petala postica (usque apicem connata) trinervia,

nervis tnadum adaxialibus lamellato-carinatis, nervis lateralibus

enj usque triadis in marginem cornus pisciniformis conjunctis ibidemque

irsutis, nervo singulo superne hirsuto usque ad basin tubi decurrente ;

a num posticum oblongo-lanceolatum, circiter 12 mm. longum, leviter

arcuatum, concavum, apice acutum, integrum ; labium anticum liguli-

orme, plus minusve recurvum, apice trilobatum, lobiscirciter 2*5 mm.

°ngis. Starnina 2, postica, paullo infra apicem tubi affixa ; filamenta

2

circiter 13 mm. longa ; antherae di thecae, thecis discretis, altera paullo

altius affixa, inferiore basi brevissime obscure calcarata. Discus

breviter cupularis. Ovarium circiter 1-5 mm. longum, densiuscule

glandulosum ; stylus circiter 2 cm. longus, inferne parce hirsutus,

superne glaber, apice integer. Capsula stipitata, compresso-clavata,

apice vix rostrata. Semina 4 (?) vel abortu 2, plano-compressa, late

ovata, circiter 6 mm. longa et 5 mm. lata, utrinque levia, medio uno

latere validius costata.

Tanganyika Territory. Dodoma District : in dense bush on

river-banks on dark brown sandy soil at Gulwe, 850 m., 19 Aug. 1930,

Greenway 2407 (type) : — a much-branched shrub, 2-3 m. high, with

greenish-white bracts and white flowers ; locally frequent in Com *

miphora-Cordyla dry thicket at Mpwapwa on road from Gulwe,

1050 m., 26 April 1932, Burtt 3917: — a shrub, 2-2-5 m. high;

inflorescence in dense heads, greenish-creamy-white. Singida District :

on a rocky limestone outcrop along Lwumbu River near Matelele,

1200 m., 12 Aug. 1927, Burtt 747 : — a woody shrub up to 2 m. high,

leaves fallen as it is dry season.

This species is undoubtedly congeneric with A . umbrosus Milne-

Redhead (t. 3267), and it is accordingly placed likewise in Anisotes ,

although a similar doubt exists respecting its genus. The flowers

resemble those of A. umbrosus , but they are smaller with the lobes

of the anterior lip of the corolla proportionately very much shorter.

Relatively to the calyx, the bracteoles are very much larger. A-

bracteatus agrees with A. umbrosus in having pedunculate, strobilate,

axillary inflorescences, and in having “ knotchenpollen ” with two

stoppels. — E. Milne-Rediiead.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, bracteole, showing outer side, x 4;

3, flower with corolla removed, x 4; 4, inside view of opened corolla, with stamens

removed, x 3 ; 5, top of filament, with anther, x 6 ; 6, 7, pollen grains, x 600

(approx.) ; 8, disk and gvnoecium with stylo removed, x 8 ; 9, capsule after

dehiscence, x 2 ; 10, seed, x 2.

Tabula 3269.

DISPERIS JOHNSTONI Rchb. /.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

D. Johns toni Rchb. f. ex Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 349

(1887), nomen ; Rolfe in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vii. 291 (1898) affinis

D. mozambicensi Schltr., a qua caule bifoliato, petalis semi-Jllipticis

apice acutis nec superne valde ampliatis, labelli appendicibus dense

pubescentibus difiert.

Herba terrestris, 6-15 cm. alta ; tuber anguste cylindricum, circiter

1 cm. longum, plus minusve tomentoso-pilosum. Gaulis gracilis

erectus, teres, glaber, remote bifoliatus, basi cataphyllis vaginantibus

instructus, apice 2-5-florus. Folia sessilia, lanceolate- vel oblon<m-

velorbiculari-ovata, acuta vel apiculata, basi cordata amplexicaulia

1,.‘J-‘7.Cm'1J'inga’ 6-15 . m“- lata> subtus purpurea. Flores sessiles

albi et pa lide purpurei ; bracteae foliis similes sed minores, usque

ad 1 cm. longae. Sepalum intermedium lineare, acutum, 9-10 mm

longum, 0-6 mm. latum cum petalis agglutinatum cucullum latum

concavum formans; sepala lateralia oblique semiorbicularia apiculh

divergen ibus apiculata, tnente inferiore connata, 8-10 mm tonga

4-5 mm. lata, infra medium margines anticos versus brevissime saccatn’

Petafo anguste semi-elliptica, apice acuta, 9-10 mm. longa. Labelllm

ovataPer imm; colu'Tln.ae adnatum, apice in laminam orbiculari-

Praedh ^ medl° Cr*Sta <luad™ta dense papillosa

El rbif l -fUm’/ngUe fari medio valde reflexo appendice

totumlabeUnriT^ dl^rgentibus dense pubescentibus instructo ;

sub- vel , • mJn'-0n^.um' -Anthera 1-5 mm. longa ; staminodia

ihcurvata "r ’" " ana dense papillosa. Rostelli brachia leviter

glabrunJ ’ P spathulato-dilatata. Ovarium 7-11 mm. longum,

TERRiTORY. ICilimanjaro, 1500-1800 m„ Johnston

h£ iff'0?' 112^Vn,; May 1926’ 17d ; Oleli, E. Kilima-

N ’ . °° m’’ Ma-y 1927 . H oarer 322.

RTHERN Nigekia- Naraguta, under rocks, Aug. 1921, Lely 485.

8chltr8 SFtmle‘n8»0SflyIrelated t0 D- mozambicensis Schltr., D. Slolzii

> . ( ichenbachiana Welw. ex Rchb. f. The first-named

2

differs in the shape of the petals, which are much widened at the apex

on the outside. I can see only very slight differences between D.

Johnstoni and D. Stolzii , but in view of the small amount of material

available of the latter it seems best to maintain it as distinct for the

present. With regard to D. Reichenbachiana the flowers on the

specimens of Welwitsch 694 (the type-collection), both at Kew and at

the British Museum, are so poorly preserved that it is difficult to be

sure of their exact structure. So far as they can be distinguished,

however, they seem to differ from those of D. Johnstoni , especially

in the lip. There are specimens at Kew from Kenya Colony and

Uganda which are very similar to Welwitsch 694, and in these%the lip,

while agreeing with Reichenbach’s description of the Angolan species,

is quite distinct in structure from that of D. Johnstoni.

An interesting feature in all the species here figured is the presence

of staminodes, which, so far as I can ascertain, have not been recorded

in this genus, and are not shown in any of the illustrations I have seen.

They appear to have been interpreted as stigmas by some students of

the genus, but at all events in the groups of species here concerned

the stigmas and staminodes are quite readily distinguishable from one

another, firstly on account of the structure and secondly from the

positions occupied. In other groups within Disperis the stigmas and

staminodes seem to approach one another in structure and in position,

and in particular cases it is difficult from dried material only to be

certain of the nature of any given organ. In each species so f&r

examined belonging to the groups here illustrated the staminodes are

placed at the base of the column, one on each side. In D. cardiopeta to

Summerhayes (tab. 3270) they are very poorly developed, being

represented merely by a transverse papillose band, but in the otb®*

species they are quite easily visible on dissection. — V. S. SummerhaY^'

Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size ; 2, dorsal sepal, x 4 ; 3, lateral sep*1^

x 4 ; 4, petal, x 4 ; 5, lip and column, in lateral view, x 12; 6, lip, in

view, x 12; 7, pollinium, x 16; 8, staminode, x 16: — a, anther ; ap, append*^

of lip ; 11, lamina of lip ; loc, anther loculus ; r, middle lobe of rosteflun 1

s, stigma ; st, staminode ; v, viscidia.

SBHHH

32 70

Tabula 3270.

DISPERIS C ARDIOPETALA Swnmerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

D. cardiopetala Summerhayes , nom. nov. D. cordata Summerhaves in

Kew Bull. 1933, 252, non Sw.— Affinis D. togoensi Schltr., a qua foliis et

bracteis multo majoribus, labelli appendicibus longioribus angulo acuto

neque recto divergentibus differt.

V/lU^/OUlUOUUl, A A V vUl.

hirsutum. Caulis gracilis, ucj.cs, mcuio i- (rarius 2-)foliatus basi

vaginis 1-2 instruct™. Folia alterna, sessilia, ovata vel rarius sub-

orbiculana, obtusa vel acuta, basi cordata, 6-20 mm lon<m

lata, subcarnosa Flores 3-6 sessiles, in spica brevi subcorymbTa

uique1 is r « rrtisrsr stFr

apicibus divergentia, acuta, triente vel Quadrant* i! •? s.emiovata>

antenore basi dilatata, 7-8 mm longa’ 2 3 mm' tY'16 1)osteriore recta,

to2* ungue ’upttl ™l ”mi-'niP™d“ P»piilo*«1"*st™t»m di“

Si Sx«iyn :::F

lobus intermSn? 1-f- Jonga ' ; stanunodia vix evoluta. Roslelli

«pathulato-dilatata,T-5mmnLga '***** reCUIVata> aPice

ToSkountounaAfnaC°ra ,,Mt8*,je S°mba C0UntlT> between Forfa and

24060. ga Cry forest> 450~550 m-. June 1910, Chevalier

1200 m^Artil J*um> iQ grassland at edge of forest,

W m-> AI)nl 1931, Maitland 1519 (type).

2

In the structure of the flowers, especially the lip, this species approaches

D. togoensis Schltr. and D. Johnstoni Rchb. f. From the latter it is

readily distinguished by the much dilated lower portion of the petals,

as a result of which the galea composed of the joined dorsal sepal and

petals is cordate at the base instead of cuneate as in D. Johnstoni (see

tab. 3269). D. togoensis Schltr. is a very slender plant with extremely

small leaves and bracts, these, on the other hand, being well developed

in D. cardiopetala. It will be seen from the drawings of the lip in

D. Johnstoni and this species that the so-called “ appendages ” of the lip

are in these cases (and also probably in D. katangensis Summerhayes,

tab. 3271) formed by the broadening or splitting of the lip claw, which

is then sharply reflexed, the inner or lower surfaces on each side of

the bend being adnate to one another for a varying distance in the

different species. It is doubtful if there is any real outgrowth from the

upper surface of the claw, although such development may have

started in D. katangensis. — V. S. Summerhayes.

Fio. 1, flowering plant, natural size ; 2, dorsal sopal, x 6 ; 3, lateral sepals*

x 4; 4, petal, x 6 ; 5, lip and column, x 12; 6, apex of lip, x 12; 7, pollinium*

x 12 : — a, anther ; ap, appendages of lip ; c, caudicle ; 11, lamina of lip »

loc, anther loculus; r, middle lobe of rostellum ; s, stigma with pollen masses;

v, viscidium (all drawn from Chevalier 24060).

SR'C-

Tabula 3271.

DISPERIS KATANGENSIS Summerhayes .

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

D. katangensis Summerhayes in Kew Bull. 1931, 384 ; aflinis D.

mozambicensi Schltr. et D. Stolzii Schltr., a quibus labelli appendice

ambitu subreniformi apice sinu acuto emarginata vel breviter biloba

nec valde biloba lobis anguste ellipticis differt.

//er&aterrestris, 6-13 cm. alta ; tuber ellipsoideum, tomentoso-pilosum.

Caulis gracilis, 1-2-foliatus, teres, glaber, basi vagina instructus, apice

uni- vel biflorus. Folia patentia, sessilia, ovata vel late ovata, basi

cordata, apiculata vel breviter acuminata, 8-12 mm. (lobis basalibus

inclusis 9-15 mm.) longa, 8-14 mm. lata. Flores sessilea, albi vel

rosei ; bracteae folns bene similes, subpatentes, ovario circiter dimidio

breviores, 5-11 mm. longae. Sepalum intermedium lineare, superne

sensim attenuatum, 1-6-1 -8 cm. longum; sepala lateralia triente

mferiore connata, longitudmaliter semiorbicularia, latere antico stricto

apice apiculata et divergent*, 1 -2-1 - 7 cm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, medb

margmes anticos versus in sacculum humilem obtusissimum producta.

retala oblique elliptico- vel lanceolato-ovata, subacuta, 1*6-1 *7 cm.

onga, cum sepalo intermedio galeam semisphaeroideam 1*2-1 *5 cm.

ion gam formantia. Labellum basi faciei columnae adnatum, superne

re ractum, apice ovato-spathulatum, cuspidatum, supra crista integra

nstructum, papillato-pubescens, parte integra labelli in toto 5 mm.

onga , labelli appendix erecta, e basi cuneata ambitu reniformis apice

,rCU\° emar^nal:a> iri toto 2 *5-3 *5 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, superne

‘ lse pu escens. Anthera 2 mm. longa ; staminodia semiorbicularia

jn lco ln <lPPendicem subulatam producta. Rostelli brachia circinatim

6 kW*1’ T? erecta> Previa, obtusissima. Ovarium glabrum, leviter

o-alatum, 0*8-1 *4 cm. longum.

Feb° ^1 09HODESIA' Mwinilun8a District, in bush, 1350-1500 m.,

i] a ;K I'ioi X n°nr ° ' Kutanga, Kisinga Valley, in shady moist places,

Veined -t' ' VOn Hi;rschber9 168 (type) “ The hood is pale-pink

anri r W1™ Pln^, the lip darker pink. The leaves are white-veined

a are magenta beneath.,,

2

This species is most closely related to D. Stolzii Schltr., a native of

the Livingstone Mountains in southern Tanganyika Territory, and to

D. mozambicensis Schltr., which occurs in Mozambique. It also has

relationships with two species occurring in southern India and with

some from Madagascar. From all these it differs in the massive broad

appendage to the lip, the appendage in the other species being deeply

bilobed with narrow lobes or segments. The flowers are also somewhat

larger in D. katangensis than in any of its allies. The staminodes are

Fig. 1, flowering plants, natural size ; 2, dorsal sepal, x 2 ; 3, lateral sepals

x 2 ; 4, petal, x 2; 5, lip and column in lateral view, x 8 ; 6, the same, iro&

the front, x 6 : — a, anther ; ap, appendage of lip ; c, caudicle ; 11, lamina

lip ; loc, anther loculus ; r, middle lobe of rostellum ; s, stigma ; st, staminode »

v, viscidia.

very remarkable, each being drawn out at the anticous end into a long

subulate point which projects upwards and sideways.

V. S. SUMMERHAYES.

3272

Tabula 3272.

DISPERIS DICEROCHILA Summerhayes.

Orchidaceae. Tribus Ophrydeae.

D. dicerochila Summerhayes ; species nova affinis D. virginali Scliltr.

et D. Nelsonii Rolfe ; ab ilia sepalorum lateralium calcaribus brevi-

oribus, ab utraque labelli appendicibus satis brevioribus lobulis fere

sessilibus differt.

Herba terrestris, usque ad 15 cm. alta ; tubera ellipsoidea vel fere

sphaeroidea, circiter 1 cm. diametro, dense tomentoso-hirsuta, radicibus

flexuosis glabris. Gaulis erectus, teres, glaber, basi vaginis saepius

2 instructus, medio bifoliatus, apice 1-3-florus. Folia opposita, ovata

vel lanceolato-ovata, acuta vel breviter acuminata, basi vaginantia

supra vaginam rotundata vel fere cordata, lamina 1-5-3 cm.longa 1-2 cm’

lata Flores subumbellati, sessiles, albi, roseo- vel purpureo-tincti :

bracteae foliaceae, sessiles, lanceolatae, acuminatae, usque ad 1-5 cm’

longae. Sepalum i intermedium anguste lanceolato-lineare, acutum lev-

iter incurvatum, 7-11 mm. longum, cum petalis agglutinatum cucullum

latum dorso convexum baud ca caratum f ormans ; sepala lateralia ba7i

tantum connata, oblique rhomboideo-ovata, acuta, latere antico infra

medium breviter et obtuse calcarata, 7-10 mm. longa, 4-5 mm lata

Pciuh ambitu p-formia leviter curvata, apice obtusa, 7-10 mm. ionga,

Una 4 "w' ata' • La\Jcllum basi Per 2 mm. columnae adnatum, longe

ngmculatum, apice breviter reflexum, totum 7-9 mm. longum, juxta

E? iPug,lna 8upe.r.10re aPPendicibus duabus bilobulatis 2-2 mm

modo ’pn°rbU ° appefdlcls ntriusque postico erecto basi oblongo deinde

” urvato1US a"gU!tat° apfe Papillose, lobulo antico auriculato obtuse

orScularik /”*&!** longa ; staminodia semi-

longi Ou’S10ia'i f0**? °b> laterales erecti. vix torti, 1-5 mm.

g • Uvanmn 1-1-1 -4 cm. longum, glabrum.

Fishbckanrl Nyinabitaba, 2550 m., among moss, Aug. 1931,

K“rC02Z° K 1 A“8' ‘“I' 1382 W*

Dec. 1930 7! Mr'"50p’ 111 forest in den8e sbade, 2400 m.,

^30, Nmer 635. Mau Plateau, in forests, Battiscombe 947.

leaves aruT j>elongs to a group of species bearing a pair of opposite

’ Qd t0 the smaller section of this, in which the hood formed

2

by the dorsal sepal and petals is rounded and not prolonged into a

cylindrical spur. There are five other species in this minor group*

two, D. Kerstenii Rchb. f. and D. leuconeura Schltr., being natives of

Tanganyika Territory ; two more, D. virginalis Schltr. and D. Nelson t*

Rolfe, occurring in the Transvaal ; while the fifth, D. oppositifolM

Lindl., is widely distributed in the Mascarene Islands. I) . dicer ochdn,

in spite of being the northernmost representative of the group, resembleS

most closely the two South African members, both of which have the

two appendages of the lip longer and each provided with a distinct

claw below the point of divergence into lobules. In D. Kerstenii tin9

elongation is much more pronounced, the claws of the appendage®

being as long as the claw of the lip proper, and many times longer

than the reflexed apex of the lip. In D. leucofbeura and D. oppositifd &

the structure of the lip is quite different in plan from that in th€

other species. Superficially, however, all the species bear a very

close resemblance to one another, at any rate so far as drieu

specimens are concerned, and only careful examination of the flowed

reveals the technical differences.

It is remarkable that D. dicerochila is so widely separated geograpb1'

cally from its nearest relatives, but it is probable that other species

Disperis remain to be discovered in Africa. Like all the other norths11

members of the genus the new species occurs in mountain regions llt

high altitudes. The specimens in the two Kenya Colony gatheriugs

are more robust and have larger flowers than those from Ruwenz0*1'

but the floral structure is apparently identical.

The specific epithet refers to the shape of the lip, which resembles ^

a remarkable extent the head of an animal bearing two erect horu9,

V. S. SummerhayE5-

Fig. 1, flowering plant, natural size; 2, dorsal sepal, x 6; 3, lateral

x 4 ; 4, petal, x 6; 5, lip and column, in lateral view, x 8 ; 6, apex u* .

lip, opened out, x 12 ; 7, one pollinium, in lateral view, x 16: — a, an., ^ •

ap, appendages of the lip ; c, caudicle ; 11, apex of lip ; r, middle lobe of rosteH11^ -J

s, stigma ; at, staminode ; v, viscidia. (Fig. 1 drawn from Napier 635 ;

from Eggeling 1382.)

\

=

S.R-C

2

Tabula 3273.

EXOCHOGYNE AMAZONICA C.B. Clarke.

Cyperaceae. Tribus Cryptangieae.

Exochogyne C. B. Clarke in Vcrh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. xlvii. 101

(1906) ; descriptio hie ampliata.

Inflorescentia spiciformis. Greges spicularum feminearum et mas-

cu arum plUs minusve basibus bractearuni incincti. Spiculae tmsculae

re vi ter pedicellatae ; pedicelli in pedunculo brevissimo bracteae

a nato insert i ; glumae vacuae 2, floriferae 2-7 ; stamina 2 in glumis

erioribus omnibus inclusa vel gluma summa vacua ; filamenta’

enuissima glabra. Spiculae femineae vel mediae et terminales vel

asales et extra spiculas masculas dispositae, pedicellatae ; stylus

K ex3 stigmatibus 2 filiformibus crispule furfuraceo-pubescentibus.

Nux rostrata, breviter stipitata.

fibfoS° pibsuUs0' I’nstmcto8’ P‘UM minU8Ve rePente squamis

maiginibLrecurvT^TO^'Y^^ F°Ua linearia> acuta'

prominente. Infloreseentia rhirlii l k° ln)Pre88a et Puljerula, subtus

basi cymbiform^^^marginibus^lo^P^i ^T8°'angulata’ bracteis

- wU . f

supenore setaceis. Spiculae masculae 2 -10 in bS f

glumae vacuae inaequales, lanceolatae fctei 9ninxbus ;

liueares. Spiculae femineae 2-3 in bracteis omnilm’ g Umae mteriores

duplo longius pedicellata ; glumae 4 ’ Ma <1Uani ceterae

savann»fiinal.Mther.iS0,fed1.g?nU8.0f Cm^ieae occurring on

collect im w t <JIf l ea8^rn South America and known only from three

and .... r ’ " T'p] the Amazons in the neighbourhood of Mauaos

ZciZni l , hC P°tar°,River in British Guiana. The three known

as f q r < m \° one au°ther wither closely in external appearance, but

charlnt “'i-H0 SCe" from the limited material available the floral

naracters which separate them are quite constant.

tne following is a key to the species

Leaves long pilose, rhizome far creeping, male spikelets 2-4.

Leaves glabrous or nearly so, rhizome short, male

Halo SP-iewSi°i fCTle SPik°lets 3 . E • decondra.

Male spikelets 6, female spikelets 2(-3) . E.amazonica.

2

E. amazonica C. B. Clarke in Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandcnb. xlvii. 101

(1906) ; a ceteris speciebus spiculis masculis 6, staminibus 6 in spiculis

singulis dift'ert.

Rhizoma brevissime repens, culmos complures approximates emittens.

Folia basalia 5-7, libera, vaginis haud distinguendis, per centimetros

basales 4 pilosula ; lamina c. 15-30 cm. longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata,

rigidiuscula, marginibus recurvis nonnunquam sparse pilosis, subtus fere

plana, costa prominente glabra. Culmus 9-15 cm. longus, plerumque

e foliis basalibus omnino liber, 0*5 mm. diametro, glaberrimus ; folium

caulinum solitarium, raro nullum, e dimidio inferiore culmi emissum,

foliis basalibus simile. Inflorescentia 4*5-6 cm. longa, spiculis imis

saepe 1 cm. sub ceteris orientibus, plerumque femineis ; bractea

inferior usque 30 cm. longa, foliis similis, bracteac mediae 1-1*2 cm.

longae. Spiculae masculae 6, pedicellis 1 mm. longis ; glumae ex-

teriores vacuae 2, altera 2 mm. longa, altera 3 mm. longa, interiores 4,

6-6*5 mm. longae, lineares, acutae, ima satis carinata, carina apicem

* versus breviter hispida, ceterae glabrae ; stamina 6, filamentis usque

7 mm. longis; antherae circiter 3*5 mm. longae. Spiculae femineae

vel 2, centrales, terminales, altera pedicello 2 mm.longo, altera pedicello

1 mm. longo praedita, vel 3 ; glumae ovatae, acutae, glabrae, exteriores

circiter 1*2 mm. longae, interiores 2 mm. longae; stylus c. 2 mm.

longus, stigmatibus circiter 7 mm. longis. Nux subglobosa, 2 mm.

longa rostro incluso, 1*25 mm. diametro, subito in rostrum satis tenue

c. 0*4 mm. longum contracta, stipite brevi.

Brazil. Amazonas : campinas near Cachoeiras de Marmellos, a

tributary of the Madeira, March 1902, Ule 6128 (Herb. Kew.).

#

Several groups of spikelets, each with two female spikelets, were

dissected by the writer and Mr. N. Y. Sandwith. Three specimens, each

with three female spikelets as shown in fig. 3, were seen by the artist.

T. G. Tutin.

Fig. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, J spikelot, with empty glumes detached,

x 4 ; 3, group of three $ spikelets, x 6; 4, nut, x 12.

3274

Tabula 3274.

EXOCHOGYNE MEGALORRHYNCHA Tutin.

Cyperaceae. Tribus Cryptangieae.

E. megalorrhyncha Tutin ; species nova, foliis basalibus longe

vaginatis, laminis longe supra culmi basin orientibus dense patenter

pilosis (pilis 1*5 mm. longis), spiculis masculis 2-4 in bracteis omnibus

Staminibus 4 praeditis a congeneribus distinguenda.

Rhizoma longe repens, culmis solitariis. Folia basalia 3—4, vaginis

pilosulis arete imbricatis 3-5 cm. longis antice brunneo-membranaceis

mox longitudinaliter fissis nisi annulo apicali ; lamina circiter 7-30 cm.

longa, 1 * 5 2 mm. lata, satis tenuis, supra canaliculata, marginibus

recurvatis longe pilosis, nervis utroque costae latere compluribus

quorum unus prominens longe pilosus senectute scabridus, subtus

fere plana costa prominente longe pilosa, ceterum glabra. Culmus

10*5-19 cm. longus, inferne in vaginis foliorum inferiorum inclusus,

tenuis, 0*5 mm. diametro, glaber nisi angulo singulo sub costa folii

caulini ; folium caulinum singulum, dimidio caulis superiore oriens,

vagina 7-10 mm. longa dorso costata antice membranacea senectute

nisi annulo apicali fissa, lamina iis foliorum basalium simili. Injhres -

centia 4-5 cm. longa ; bractea ima foliacea, indumento foliorum

praedita, ad 13 cm. longa ; bracteae mediae 1*8-2 cm. longae, omnes

laete virides, marginibus dense longe albido-pilosis. Spuyulae masculae

2-4, statu vivo albidae ; glumae extimae imae vacuae, brevissimae,

exterior 1*5-2 mm. longa, interior 2 *8-3 *5 mm. longa; interiores

duae 7-8 mm. longae, apicem versus hispidulae ; stamina 4, filamentis

glumis paullo longioribus, antheris exsertis circiter 3 mm. longis loculis

basi sagittatis. Spiculae femineae centrales, terminals, 2, altera

ongipedicellata pedicello 3 mm. longo, altera pedicello breviore 1 mm.

on8° > glumae exteriores ovatae, acutiusculae, 1 mm. longae, interiores

usque 2 mm. longae, dimidio superiore breviter ciliolatae ; stylus

urciter 1*5 mm. longus, stigmatibus statu vivo rubris, 6-7 mm. longis.

[ iiz ovoideo-oblonga, 1 • 5 mm! longa, 1 • 2 mm. lata, sensim in rostrum

crassum 0*75 mm. longum attenuata, stipite circiter 0*5 mm. longo.

British Guiana. Potaro River : Kaietuk Savannah, in rather open

( ry®andy grouud, 28 Aug. 1933, Tutin 634 (type in Brit. Mus., duplicate

at Kew).-T. G. Tutin.

lo\v 10 i P^ant* w^b small part of rhizome, natural size ; 2, base of plant, showing

<!r ieavos and sheaths, natural size ; 3, scale from rhizome, x 3 ; 4, transverse

c? a»Kln °* ^am*na> x 8 ; 5, two £ spikelets, x 6 ; 6, inner empty glume of

$ ) flattened, x 6 ; 7, a fertile glume of the same, flattened, x 6 ; 8, two

lakelets, x 6 ; 9, outer glumo of ? spikelet, x 6.

32 7S

Tabula 3275.

EXOCHOGYNE DECANDRA Tutin,

Cyperaceae. Tribus Cryptangieae.

E. decandra Tutin ; species nova, spiculis femineis tribus extra

masculas dispositis, spiculis masculis 10, staminibus 10 in spiculis

ornnibus, glumis spicularum feminearum latissimis orbiculari-quadratis

apice erosis a congeneribus distinguenda.

Rhizoma breviter repens, culmos complures approximates emittens.

o ia basalia 3-4, libera, vaginis baud distinguendis, per centimetros

oasales 4 pilosula ; lamina supra canaliculata glabra, subtus fere

omnfno lil Culmu8 7“15 cm. longus, plerumque e foliis basalibus

caulinis nSmi diametro> obtuse triqueter, omnino glaber, foliis

femineis saene 3 ■ 5-8 cm. longa, spiculis imis plerumque

30 em Wrr * / cm* 8Ub ceteris orientibus , bractea ima usque

marffinibnf l ° 10 caudno simiUs, bracteae mediae 1-5-2 cm. longae,

omnihi, \°-ng* 8riseo-pilosae. Spiculae masculae 10 in bracteis

alien 9-9P?1Ce 18 1 mm‘ Ion8is ! gIumae extcriores duae, vacuae,

. *■ • , ?m> altera 3 -2-3 -3 mm. Ionga, turn quinque interiores

. camma includentes, lineares, acutae, incurvae, inferior apicem versus

spicuin, 7 mm. Ionga, secunda glabra 7 mm. longa, ceterae tres

sineTf”1' • Mgae’ deniquc feduma mtima 4-5 mm. longa, obtusiuscula,

1 0 staminibus ; filamenta 6-5 mm. longa ; antherae 4 mm loneae

ocubs basi rotundatis. Spiculae femmeae 3, extra spiculas masculas

^rtae (nec ut in speciebus ceteris inter eas centrales), una pedicello

o 3 mm. longo, ceterao pedicellis 3-3-5 mm. longis • durnae 4

tissime ovatae usque suborbiculares, glabrae, exterfore’a duae 1-3-

lon Wae mtenores duae 1 -8-2-5 mm. longae ; stylus c. 2 mm.

«gus stigmatibus usque circiter 7 mm. longis. Nux ovoideo-

ium hr1'^2 nT 0nga’ ,°'75 mm- kta’ iQ rostrum

longo 1 l0ngUm attentuata, stipite 0-2 mm.

uwf1 hi grande’ Manaos’ June

&1.? !°* P^nt, natural size

g UDle °f ? spikelet, x 6 ; 5,

»’ 2, $ spikelet, x 4 ;

nut, x 12.

3, $ spikelet, x6; 4, outer

I

Tabula 3276.

GERANIUM ARISTATUM Freyn et Sint.

Geraniaceae. Tribus Geranieae.

G. aristatum Freyn et Sint, in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v. 587 (1897) ;

Hal&csy, Consp. FI. Grace, i. 295 (1900) ; Bierbach ex Degen in Mag.

Bot. Lap. i. 92 (1902), et in Math. u. Naturw. Ber. Ungarn xix. 369

(1904); Adamovi6 in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math. -Naturw.

Kl. lxxiv. 136 (1904) ; Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. iv. 129, 133 (1912) ;

Bornmuller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lix. 446 (1925) ; Hayek, Prodr. FI.

Penins. Balcan. i. 569 (1925) ; Markgraf in Fedde, Repert. Bcih. xlv.

194 (1927) ; a G. reflexo L. indumento praecipuc in partibus superioribus

dense glanduloso-piloso, floribus multo majoribus, sepalis longe aristatis

facile distinguitur.

Herba perennis, caulibus erectis inf erne patule vel plus minusve

retrorsum hispidulis supernc et ad inflorescentiam patule et molliter

glanduloso-pilosis usque ad 3*3 dm. altis siccitate longitudinaliter

sulcatis fere a basi ramosis flexuosis supernc dichotomo-paniculatis ;

rhizoma crassum, 1 *4 cm. diametro, dense squamosum. Folia basalia

longissime petiolata, petiolis usque ad 1*9 dm. longis retrorsum his¬

pidulis vel patule glanduloso-pilosis, lamina ambitu fere orbiculari-

pentagona vel -hexagona 7-5 cm. diametro palmato-partita, segmentis

rhomboideis 3— 5-lobis acute grosse dentatis, utrinque plus minusve

dense pilosa et interdum glandulosa ; caulina omnia opposita, inferiora

basalibus similia sed leviter majora et petiolis brevioribus, superiora

minora petiolis brevibus, suprema sessilia ; stipulae lanceolatae,

superne sensim acuminatae, aristatae, inferiores circiter 2-2*5 cm.,

superiores 6-8 mm. longae, dorso plus minusve pilosae vel infimae

glabrae, badiae vel fuscae. Pedunculi biflori, stricti, folio tandem

duplo longiores, usque ad*9 cm. longi sed saepissime breviores. Pedicelli

1-3*2 cm. longi, tandem deflcxi. Sepala oblongo- vel ovato-elliptica,

9 -10 mm. longa (arista exclusa), 3-5 inm. lata, superne obtusa vel fere

truncata, arista apicali 5-6 mm. longa praedita, quinquenervia, dorso

longe pilosa, exteriores omnino, interiores in costa solum, post anthesin

patula, deinde subdeflexa, tandem erecta. Petala reflexa, obovato-

elliptica, apice interdum leviter apiculata interdum breviter emarginata,

basi brevissime unguiculata et barbato-ciliata, circiter 1*6 cm. longa,

6-7*5 mm. lata, pallide molochina, nervis primariis 5, lateralibus basi

2

dichotomis. Filamenta inferne anguste lanceolata ciliata, superne

tenuiter subulata glabra, 9 mm. longa ; antherae oblongo-ellipsoidcae,

dehiscentes 2*5 mm. longae. Qynoecium 8 mm. altum ; valvulae

adpresse albo-hirsutae, 1*5 mm. longae.

Thessaly. Auf dem Pindus in Felsspalten des Berges Plaka beim

Dorfe Chaliki, selten, Sintenis 1896, No. 673 (non vidi).

Albania. Qermenika : Bergwiese bei Teke Balim Sultan i ‘eper,

1500 m. ii. d. M., Kalk ; bluhend. 8.6.24. n. 533, Markgraf (non vidi).

District of Moskopole, west of Kor£e, Ostrovice Range, 4 July 1933,

1900 m., bare broken limestone slopes, Alston and Sandmth 2083: —

“Flowers purple-veined: the flower colour is exactly that of pale

Malva sylvestris”

N. Macedonia. Dudica-planina, Mala-rupa, auf der Ke5i-kaja, im

Gebiisch der Buchenwalder, Mai 1918, Biesalski 475 (non vidi) ;

f-iidlich von Uskiib am Aufstieg zum Peplak oberhalb Crni-vrh, Bierbach

(non vidi).

S. Macedonia. Krystallopegae (Smrdesh), 19 June 1932, 1540 m.,

grassy and sliady spots among limestone rocks, near edge of mountain

plateau east of village, Alston and Sandwith 925 : — “ Petals reflexed,

pale lilac-mauve with darker redder veins.”

This interesting species, endemic in the Balkan Peninsula, has

apparently a somewhat limited distribution from Thessaly to the

southern parts of Albania. Its affinity is with G. rejlexum L., which

occurs in the same area but has a wider distribution, being found also

in Central Italy. In foliage and in the general characters of the aerial

parts there is a definite resemblance to G. bohemicum L., a species

with a wide distribution in Central and in certain parts of South

Europe, and which also occurs fairly widely in the Balkan Peninsula.

G. bohemicum is, however, an annual, or at most a biennial, while

G. anstatum is a perennial.

The material collected by Alston and Sandwith on their two expedi¬

tions is in the flowering condition only. Certain differences between

Tif Macedonian and the Albanian plants call for comment.

Ihe Macedonian specimens have a denser indumentum, especially on

the lower parts of the stems and the petioles, and somewhat larger

leaves than the Albanian. The leaf segments are also somewhat

broader or are more nearly contiguous or even slightly overlapping

in the former, while they diverge, often considerably, in the latter.

Bornmuller (l.c.) has pointed out certain inaccurate statements in

the original description. Observations on the new specimens confirm

Bornmuller’s remarks. -W. B. Turrill.

.*!°- !> basal portion of plant, natural size ; 2, upper portion of plant, natural

size , 3, portion of pedicel, x 4 ; 4, exterior sepal, outer surface view', x 3 ;

o, interior sepal, outer surface view, x 3 ; 6, internal sepal, inner surface view,

x d ; 7, petal, x 2 ; 8, stamen, x 4; 9, gynoeeium, >: 4.

Tabula 3277.

CEPHALOEHHTNCHUS GLANDULOSUS Boiss.

Compositae. Tribus Cichorieae.

C. glandulosus Boiss. Diagn. Ser. I. no. 4, 28 (1844), et FI Or iii

820 (1875) ; Hausskn. in Mitt. Thiir. Bot. Ver., Neue Folee vii

(1895) ; llouy, Illustr. PI. Eur. Bar. fasc. 7, t. 162 (1896) • Halacsv

Consp. FI. Grace. ii. 215 (1902); Javorka, Magyar Flora 1198

(1925) ; Bornmiiller in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lx. Beibl.' 136, 120 (1926)

C. glandulosus Boiss. var. cataractarum Simk. in Termeszetr. Fiiz i 169

(1877); C. cataractarum Simk. (1877) et Lactuca cataractarum Simk

sec. Nyman, Consp Suppl. n. 203 (1889). Cicerbita glandulosa (Boiss )

Bcauverd in Bull. Soc. Bot. Geneve, 2me Ser. ii. 140 (1910) Mucdii

glandulosa (Borns.] | Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. ii. 842 (1931)-

A C. Candolleano Boiss pedunculis valde glandulosis, cypselis breviori

bus, pappi pihs longionbus differt. orevion-

Phnta biennis, radice tuberosa. Caules 7- 6-12-1 dm nw; t y •

inferne and ramosi vel ramis brevibus debdibus tut

pamculato-ramosissimi, fistulosi, glanduloso-hisnidi • 8U?e.r.ne

instruct!, siecitate longitudinaliter costati Fo lia glabra ^ veMere

glabra, infra glauca, infiraa runcinatim lyrato-pinnatipartita f

f ^ya^^P^^a^Pa^^a segmentis paucioribus, sessilia vel

petiolo alato basi late auriculata, gradatim minora • supSema phis

laxoTcomp^os^tos1? ?ansi*Dtia- CaPilul“ 39-125 in corymboa

qi^Ldan^ disposita, inflorescence ramis pedunculis-

subulatao Wi ^ v^i Pe(*u.ncljll5-13 mm.longi ; bracteaelineares vel

glabrum •* -nh n ^pl^^^aunculatae, 3-30 mm. longae. lnvoluerum

exterioris a anceo*ato^mearia vel fere linearia, viridia, ea seriei

interiori^ R 9 .8UPerne ^tenuata, 4-8 mm. longa, 1-1*5 mm. lata, ea

membrfinn al)lcc r?tun(iata puberula, 11*5 mm. longa, 1*5 mm. lata,

eloncrnf., JCC0"marKlnata, superne purpureo-nigricantia, in fructu leviter

apicfL/omUm r?flexa' F!°«cul1 10-n. Corolla 12-5 mm. longa,

PubfiftPonf i1*1™; ata* lacteo-alha, tubo 3 mm. longo apice patule

lorn/is rp'i en^1lJUS apicalibus oblongo-triangularibus 0*3-0*5 mm.

° U us ttoMweus 4*5-5 mm. longus. Stylus complanatus,

2

11 mm. longus, superne ciliolatus. Ovarium oblongum, complanatum,

apice abrupte contractum, 1*5 mm. altum, 0*5 mm. latum. Cypsela

subteres, subincurva, basin versus leviter angustata, superne sensim

angustata in rostrum viride filiforme 1*5 mm. longum apice in corpus-

culum semipyriforme superne planum 0*5 mm. diametro incrassatum,

7 mm. longa (rostro incluso), 0-75 mm. diametro, minute tuberculata,

apicem versus aculeolata, atro-brunnea. Pap pi setae sordide albae,

exteriores numerosissimae, densae, brevissimae, circiter 0*2 mm.

longae, interiores 7 mm. longae, scabridulae.

Albania. Melesin, above Leskovik, 19 June 1933, 1100 m., in shady

ravine at top of limestone cliffs in humus with Clematis and Fraxinus

Ornus , Alston and Sandwith 1784 : — “ Erect tall herb. Root tuberous.

Leaves glaucous beneath. Flowers creamy white, cypselas brownish-

chocolate. Pappus dirty white.”

Banat (ad confines Romaniae). In fagetis montium inter pagos

Veriorova et Guravoie loco “ Eiscrnes Thor,” Degen 2670, FI. Exsicc.

Austr.-Hung.

Asia Minor. Forets situ^es au N.O. du Defile dcs Portes Ciliciennes,

Juillet 1855, Balansa.

Beauverd (l.c.) retains the name Cicerbita Wallroth (pro max. parte)

for a genus which, in his sense, includes Mulgedium Cass., Lactucopsis

Schultz Bip., Mycelis Cass., Cephalorrhynchus Boiss., and Steptorhamphus

Bunge as sections or subgenera, but is distinguished from Sonchus and

Lactuca by the structure of the pappus. Generic limitations, at least

in such a family as the Compositae, are bound to be governed very

largely by subjective bias and scientific convenience. It is obviously

advantageous to separate from Lactuca those plants having so distinctive

a type of pappus as that found in Cicerbita sensu lato. Whether they

should be all retained in one genus or distributed amongst five or fewer

is a matter of secondary importance. Here the original name for the

plant figured is retained, since it appears to be of no advantage to sink

the genus to the rank of a subgenus without change of content, and

still less to place it in the genus Mycelis.

The problems connected with the species itself are much more

interesting. It was first described by Boissier from material collected

by himself in Lydia, western Asia Minor : “ in Sipylo supra Magnesiam

ubi fructiferum Julio 1842.” In the Flora Orientalis (iii. 820 : 1875),

specimens collected by Balansa in the same locality and at Yachamichlar

Kioi, Phrygia, are placed with the type. Haussknecht (l.c.) recorded it

from ‘ eollibus dumosis supra Kalabaka pr. mon. Meteora.” Jhis

Ihessalian material was collected by Haussknecht in the summer o

1885. He notes that the species was collected by Borbas on the

lower Danube at the Iron Gate. Javorka (l.c.) adds the synonyni

C. hispidus auct., var. cataractarum Simk.” Bornmiiller (l.c.) records

the species from North (Serbian) Macedonia, “ Demir-kapu : Felsige,

waldige Abhange der Bergriicken rechts vom Vardar ” and also notes

3

that he collected it on the Logman near Amasia in 1889. The evidence

so far available thus indicates Cephalorrhynchus glandulosus to be one of

the numerous plants common to Asia Minor and the Balkan Peninsula,

but one which has a strongly discontinuous distribution on both sides

of the Aegean Sea. It is no doubt one of those species which attained

distribution in Europe and Asia when the Aegean continent gave a

continuous land connection, and its occurrence as far north as south¬

western Roumania, as far west as Albania, and as far east as Amasia,

combined with the apparent wide discontinuity of its stations, suggest

it is of Tertiary and not of recent origin.

Alston and Sandwith describe the floret colour as white, or more

accurately as a dingy or creamy- white . Beauverd says that Bornmiiller

gives the floret colour as “ ligules violettes ” on a label of his material

of No. 5237, iter Anatol. III. 1899. When the plant is dried and the

florets of the capitula are connivent, a more or less violet colour is

Boissier does not describe the florets. Hayek (l.c.) says

nores lutei.”

Ihe structure of the pappus is distinctive. The cypsela tapers into

a beak which is green and not dark-brown as is the main part of the

fruit. The beak at its apex enlarges to form a pyriform hemispherical

swelling which is flat at the top. The disk portion of this swelling

easily becomes detached from the ripe fruit. It bears the bristles of

outer^fr!1 • 7* are in two ve,T differently constituted series. The

persistentS1frin V%1 numerous »h°rt hairs which form a dense and

whitish soft hiWl s1enes consists of much longer scabnd

the dried ^Lte£ 8o±°h with the g™*** easefat least in

preted the structure nf™,med- Boissier 8eeras to have wrongly inter-

only one series of paPPus and to have thought that there was

umbo of the disk it tl W l°se ^used bases surrounded the central

awav thevleft * , H*? P °f the beak- When these bristles broke

His desermtimi ^ ^ crowued with a white fimbriated margin,

the firnbrmtm . S0I?(lwl{at ^mbiguous but gives the impression that

thev wor fl U\ <lr° (/fc behind after the fall of the bristles because

Wo7 ^ i e ,ia8e? ° these. The truly double nature of the pappus

I • i u a881^1 (1824) and by other authors, and is clearly ex¬

plained by Beauverd (op. cit. 110, 116).-W. B. Turrill. *

natural J \ 2’ *ehi**atural l 3, lower lateral branch of inflorescence,

6, two stamens’ x 8^7^ *i5 5* fli>refc’ some of lon& PaPPU8 hairs removed, x 6 ;

removed x lrt’. q ’ 7* cypsela., x 6 ; 8, top of beak of cypsela, long pappus hairs

eu# * Ad’ Supper portion of long hair of pappus, x 24.

■3278

Tabula 3278.

SOLENANTHUS SCARDICUS Bomm.

Boraginaceae. Tribus Borageae.

S. scardicus Bomm. in Fedde, Repert. xvii. 276/436 (1921) ; a

S. Biebersteinii DC. habitu robustiore, floribus majoribus, coroilae

tubo lobis 4-5-plo longiore differt.

Herba perennis vel biennis (?), caulibus nonnullis e collo crasso

5 cm. diametro ortis. Caules erecti, 5 dm. alti et multo altiores (usque

ad 1 m. sec. Sandwith), inferne teretes elevatim striati, superne plus

minusve sulcati, patenter vel subpatenter molliter pubescentes vel fere

tomentosi, dense foliati. Folia integra, basalia lamina elliptica obtusa

brevissime apiculata basi in petiolum 6-9 cm. longum Rupeme supra

sulcatum decurrente 2-2-4 dm longa 7-5-10-8 cm. lata supra minutis-

sime adpresse puberula mfra albo-tomentosa costa supra inferne sulcata

superne nervisque laterahbus (siccitate) levitcr prominentibus nfr

ubique prominentibus ; caulma infima lamina elliptica anmiste ellint ca

vel elliptico-oblanceolata obtusa in petiolum longum angu tato

decurrente 2-6 cm. longa ; inferiora ct media gradatim maiora kmina

elongato-elliptica vel lmeari apice rotundata obtusa vel plus m“

Si Sue'Ta °9 1 eT'im ,'Tm 7 ™1 TS)

sessili usque ad 2 9 dm. longa et 4 cm. lata supra puberula infra

tomentella ; superior gradatim breviora ; suprema (inflorescentiae

ramos subtendentia) sessilm, lanceolata-ovata, basi interdum semi-

v7iw»Ut a' 1 Injl°™'f Paniculata, ramis inferne nudis brevibus

m f :i/)1US,nrUSVC linilt-; fl°reS ebract(“ati et ebracteolati;

pcdicelh flonferi o-6 mm. longi, fructiferi 2 cm. vel longiores dense

paftTtuT if 6®0611*68 7C! subIanati- Calyx floriferus fere ad basin

part.tus, lacinns anguste lanceolatis vel oblongo-lanceolatis subobtusis

cui.,r-J0ng" 1-7j_3 T1- lat.18 cxtra sublanatis intus glabris reti-

laoiniis 11enosls subpenicillatim albo-pilosis ; calyx fructiferus

Dalliflo onS18 b mm. latis. Corolla 7 mm. longa, tubulosa,

sinibiiQ ^ Vr r<)se^'vl0^a8Cen8» tubo fere glabro pilis perpaucis in

lon^is I * a °* ^°b18 erectia oblongo-triangularibus obtusis 1*6 mm.

nflna* a8|1. mm* lati8, fornicibus e media parte coroilae tubi ortis

claviiti 1 U ll/.i an8u®te oblongo-triangularibus vel fere linearibus superne

sinus S ttamento tota 6-8 mm. longa, fere usque ad coroilae

oro ae tubo adnata, 2*5 mm. supra coroilae lobos exserta ;

2

antherae brevitcr oblongae, 0*75-1*5 ram. longae. Stylus 7 ram.

longus sed post anthesin usque ad 10 nun. auctus et inferne incrassatus.

Nuculae (fere maturae) ambitu late seiniobovatae vel ellipticae, 9 ram.

longae, 7 mm. latae, 4 mm. altae, leviter marginatae, facie exteriore

(superiore) planae et giochidiatae, margine vix elevato et facie interiore

(inferiore) curvato densissime brevius giochidiatae, cicatrice obovata

5 mm. longa.

Albania. Ostrovice Range, 1700-1850 m., upper slopes, on stony

ground, and in open beech woods, 4 July 1933, Alston and Sandwith

2072 : — “ Plant erect ; flower a curious pale, dingy pinkish-mauve ;

stamens cxscrted.”

N. Macedonia. Inter Gostivar et alpes Korab in montibus

Scardicis australibus supra Mavrova in fagetis umbrosis subalpinis,

altitudine 1350 m., 2 Jun. 1918, Bornmuller (type).

The genus Solenanthus contains about 18 known species. It has a

wide Eurasiatic distribution and extends also into North Africa.

S. Reverchonii Degen is confined to southern Spain. S. petiolaris DC.

is recorded from as far east as Afghanistan and also, as are other species,

from Central Asia. Six species are known from Europe, in addition to

the one described above, and of these four occur in the Balkan Peninsula.

The nearest genus is Cynoglossum , from which Solenanthus differs

chiefly in the exserted stamens. Several species now included in the

latter, including S. apenninus (L.) Hohenack., the longest known species,

have at one time or another been placed in Cynoglossum.

The above description has been prepared from the material at Kew

of Alston and Sandwith 2072. We are greatly indebted to Prof.

Bornmuller for the loan of type material. This has enabled a com¬

parison to be made between two of the original sheets and the abundant

Albanian specimens. The material sent by Prof. Bornmuller as “ Typus

herb. Bomm.” consists of “ nur der untere und oberste Teil.” Obviously

the plant it represents was a very robust specimen. No extreme base

(rootstock) is present. Prof. Bornmuller definitely describes the plant

as “ biennis.” It is not possible to check this on the material received

on loan from him. Nor is it possible to check the description of the

habit as having floriferous branches right to the base and “ ergo thyrsum

uni cum maximum latum formante.” This, if correct, is probably a

peculiarity of the extremely robust individual plant, at least it is not

found in Alston and S&ndwith’s specimens. Hayek (Prodr. FI. Penins.

Balcan. ii. 52 : 1928) keys the species on the character “ caulis a

basi pyramidatum ramosus ramis omnibus floriferis ” as contrasted

with “ caulis a medio circiter ramosus.” This is unfortunate since the

new Albanian material comes into the second category.

The original description requires a number of modifications. The

shape and position of the coronal lobes (“ fornices ”) as given by

Bornmuller do not agree with that found in the original material. In

both the Macedonian and the Albanian plants the coronal lobes arise

3

just at or less than 0*5 ram. above the middle of the corolla-tube, and

their shape is certainly not ovate narrowly oblong-triangular or oblong

linear and clavately thickened in the upper part. This matter is of

some importance since Brand (Pflanzenreich IV. 252. 153 : 1921) uses

as a primary character in his key the position of the coronal lobes.

For S. Biebersteinii , Brand (l.c. 159) describes the position of the coronal

lobes as “ ad fauccm affixi.” There is a certain amount of fluctuation

in the size of the anthers in S. scardicus , but when moistened they are

decidedly longer than (up to three times as long as) 0-5 mm., which is

the length given by Bornmuller.

S. Biebersteinii DC. (Prodr. X. 165 : 1846), a species of the Crimea

and Caucasus, with which S. scardicus is compared, differs specifically

in the short corolla and the less robust habit. S. Reverchonii Degen from

S. Spain, which with S. Biebersteinii and S. scardicus shows the filaments

long-adnate to the upper half of the corolla-tube, is of very distinctive

habit.

The other species of Solemnthus from the Balkan Peninsula appear

to be quite distinct from S. scardicus. S. albanicus Deg. et Bald. (Magy.

Bot. Lap. ii. 315 : 1903), originally described (Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital.

vi. 337 : 1899) as a species of Gynoglossum , is known only from northern

Epirus “ in aridis alpestribus ad fortem Bofcikopoulon district. Pogoni.5,

It is characterized (and differentiated from S. scardicus) inter alia by

the nearly sessile fruiting calyx. S. starnineus (Desf.) Wettst. ap.

Stapf in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl. 1. 88 (1885) is

known from eastern Anatolia, Armenia, Syria, Iraq and northern and

western Persia. Halacsy (in Magy. Bot. Lap. iv. 259 : 1905 and

p0nsP- Fl. Graec. Suppl. i. 77 : 1908) records it from Mt. Chelmos in

^reece “ supra Sudena Achaiae.” This record needs confirmation.

s}wnineus differs from S. scardicus in many characters including the

position of the coronal lobes and the freedom of the filaments. S. apen -

ninus (L.) Hohenack. has a fairly wide distribution in the Italian

Peninsula, from the south to between 42° and 43° N., and in northern

oicily. Early records for Corfu and Zacynthos have been questioned,

but Hayek (in Denkschr. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl.

^oix. 156 : 1924) gives it for Albania “ zwischen Buchengebiisch am

Westabhange des PaStrik, zirka 1700 m.” The position of the coronal

^obes in S. apenninus is, as in S. scardicus , at the middle of the corolla-

J*. It differs in the less exserted anthers and in the elevated

margm to the uutlets ^

a n sc^^cus has been described above as biennial or perennial with

Mes 8 Ti1 mark hidicating that some doubt is felt on this point.

Prev,rS A stou anc* Sandwith'did not notice any old fruiting stems of

ou 1Qus years on the plants of which material was collected and which

hand^lT ^expect to find on a robust perennial herb. On the other

Pro! }]le f ro°t8l°ck ” is thick and bears sometimes at least two and

the *1 ^ °^en Several more stems. If they are not perennials some of

con are unusual habit for biennials. The inflorescence varies

Sl erably, especially with age. The lower half or more of the stem

4

is foliaceous, but has (in all the material seen) no axillary branches to

the rather crowded leaves. Usually a little above the middle of the stem,

the leaves subtend branches which bear the flowers either directly or

more often after a little further branching. In young plants the whole

inflorescence is dense, with the branches much shorter than the leaves,

but in older plants, or on older stems, the branches have elongated

to give the appearance of a rather loose panicle. — W. B. Turrill.

Fig. 1, whole plant, x J ; 2, upper part of flowering plant, natural size;

3, flowering calyx, x 4 ; 4, corolla laid open, showing the coronal lobes andandroe-

cium, x 4 ; 5, portion of corolla from outside, x 4 ; 6, immature fruit and fruiting

calyx, x 2; 7, nutlet, outer (upper) surface, x 3; 8, nutlet, inner (lower) surface,

x 3; 9, marginal glochidia of nutlet, x 16.

Tabula 3279.

ALLIUM BORNMULLERI Hayek.

Liliaceae. Tribus Allieae.

A. Bornmulleri Hayek in Fedde, Report. Spec. Nov. xxi. 260 (1925)

et Prodr. FI. Pcnins. Balcan. iii. 48 (1932) ; Bornmuller in En<d. Bot.

Jahrb. Beibl. 140, 142 (1928); ab A. moschato L. floribus minoribus

tepalis roseo-purpureis, filamentis tepalis subaequilongis differt ’

infeme in tertia parte toliatus, teres, in siccitate longitudinaliter

striatus. Folia angustissime linearia, 1-5-3 cm. longa 0-75-1

lata, canaliculate, marginc anguste membranacca ciliata’ nervis lomd-

tudinalibus breviter pubescentibus, vaginis brevity i

centibus. Spalha bivalvis, valvis inferno ovnfr 1 1 ^ 0 Pu^,es"

leviter dilatatis Pcrigonium ovatum, tepalis anguste Siiptids an ce

obtusis 4 mm. longis 1-6 mm latis mlli,te * wnpncis apice

dorso praecipue infcrne crinatis. a»gSPeWtort

brevissime oblongum, 1-8 mm. longum lTmm di, °V(!num} ambltu

papillosum ; stylus 0 • 8 mm . longis. ’ diametro, densissime

above the town^’Miin m-’ bmestone rochs on mountains

me town, 27 June 1932, Alston and Sandwith 1017.

iSt*8 brn drf Wn up from ^ston and Sandwith’s

Allows the Wo, ? dlSers r0m,the orl«lnal description of Hayek as

°f short but distinct W * C1J bated (not scabnd) margin, and have lines

(convex) surfaep i ^ a*on£ tbe longitudinal nerves on the lower

by Hayek) • +hoV * r>U e8<i?nt deaths (the sheaths are not mentioned

are Purple (not 8 are obtuse (not shortly acuminate) ; the anthers

dried flowers in^T ’a *\18 P088*ble that Hayek described only the

’ lcb ^he tepals appear to be shortly acuminate and

2

the anthers are covered with pale yellow pollen. If, on the other

hand, Hayek has correctly described the characters and these be

stable, then Alston and Sand with ’s plant probably represents a new

species.

Hayek’s material was collected by Vandas at GaliSan near Drenovo

and on the Koziak east of Prilep. Bornmuller quotes in addition

specimens from near Trojaci (Nikoloff) and Lubenica (Herzog). The

above localities are all in North (Serbian) Macedonia, or Vardar as it is

now termed. Alston and Sandwith’s material is from South (Greek)

Macedonia, about 100 km. to the south of Prilep. — W. B. Turrill.

Pig. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, leaf, x 3 ; 3, portion of leaf from adaxial

side, above sheath, x 16 ; 4, same from abaxialside, x 16 ; 5, same, transverse

section, x 16 ; 6, three tepals, showing outer surfaces, x 6 ; 7, three tepals and

three stamens, from inside, x 6; 8, gynoecium, x 6.

3280

Tabula 3280.

BRACHYPODIUM SERPENTINI C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Fbstuceae.

B. serpentini C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinitate nulla obvia

culmis simplicibus et innovationibus intravaginalibus dense caespitosis’

foliorum innovationum vaginis nmrginibus connatis, larainis setaceis

filiformibus conduplicatis vel involutis, spiculis imbricatis pallidis

5-8-floris, rhachilla minute pubescente, lcmmatibus arete imbricatis

acutis 5 -6-nervibus, paleis lemmatibus multo brevioribus distinguenda

Gramen perenne, dense caespitosum, usque ad 40 cm. altum innova¬

tionibus intravaginalibus basi paidlo incrassatis. Culmi erecti vel leviter

gemculati graciles, simphces, 2-3-nodes, nodis purpurcis, glabri vel

minute pubescentes, laeves. Folia plerumque basalia, glauco-viridia

vagmae apicem versus asperulae vel laeves, glabrae ; iliac innovationum

purpureae, persistentes, marginibus comiatis ; illae culmorum S

appressae, teretes, mternodiis multo breviores, marginibus Uberis

ligulae brevissimae, truncatae ; laminae filiformes setaceae 2

acutae usque ad 12 cm. longae, conduplicatae vel involutae et usque ad

0 5 mm. latae, rigidiusculae, arcuatae, extra glabrae, intus minute

puberulae, canna et marginibus plus minusve scaberulae. Racemus

erectus ve m exemplis siccis leviter curvatus, 4-5-G-5 cm. lonZ

> 14 spiculatus rhachis gracillima, glabra, laevis, intemodiis 5-8 mm’

ng s , pedicelli fere obsolete Spiculae lineari-lanceolatae vellineari-

b o gae cyhndncae demum eviter lateraliter compressae, erectae,

viddes4 nit'i ?1 ga°’ rf IUm- latfC’ fere Slabrac> & 8-florae, albido-

lev ter asvn ddiae' <W“W?C exPlanatae elliptico-oblongae, acutae,

" cor“cete* marginibus angustis mcmbranaceis,

„ • ersus Carina scaberula, extra microscopice punctatae, intus

microscop, ce strigosae ; inferior 7-8 mm. longa, 3-nervis ; superior

imbrino*-' °n^aj (luinqueneryi8 usque subseptemnervis. Lemmata arete

lorum ta’- exPlanata elbptico-oblonga vel oblonga, acuta, 12-9 mm.

miir ’ cor!acea> marginibus angustis membranaceis, 5-6-nervia, extra

aristnSC0^1Ceo Puactata> mtus microscopice strigosa, apice aristata,

cpn+;. 11 ^ ^ ^ mm* ; internodia rhachillac minute pubes-

bil*’ mm‘ l°n8a* Paleae oblanceolato-oblongae, obtusae, minute

>ae, usque ad 6*5 mm. longae, intus microscopice strigosae, carinis

2

superne rigide ciliolatis. Lodiculae cireiter 1*5 mm. longae, superne

minute pubescentes. Antherae 3-3*5 mm. longae, oblongo-linearca.

Ovarium apice dense villosulum. Caryopsis oblanceolato-oblonga,

4-5 mm. longa.

Albania. Slopes above Voskopoj (Moskopole), west of Korije, on

serpentine rock in gully, 1200 m., July 1933, Alston ayid Sandwith 2016

(type) ; ibid., in a neighbouring gully, August 1935, Alston and

Sandwith 2708 ; near Gjergjevice, west of Kortje, on serpentine rocks

in a deep gorge, 1200-1400 m., August 1935, Alston and Sandwith

2584 ; Boboshtice, south of Kor^e, abundant on serpentine rocks in

a narrow ravine at the base of mountains behind the village, 900 m.,

August 1935, Alston and Sandwith 2704.

The following note on the habitat of this grass has been contributed

by the collectors : “The grass grows abundantly in three of the

ravines which descend to the village of Voskopoj from the mountains

rising immediately to the south-west. These mountains are of the

serpentine formation ; their slopes arc mostly bare and stony, except

for scattered pine trees and bushes of juniper and box. They possess

an interesting flora of rare and local species which are mainly confined

to the serpentine ; for example, Gypsophila spcrgulifolia Griseb.,

Linum hologynum Reichb., Fumana Bonapartei Maire et Petitm.,

Minuartia Baldacoii (Hal.) Mattf., Thymus teucrioides Boiss. et Sprun.,

Centaurea ptarmicifolia Hal. ex Hayek (C. epirotica Hal., non C. epirota

Hal.). Streams rush down the gullies and are bordered by masses of

the pale lilac flowers of Pinguicula hirtijlora Ten. The Brachypodium

grows on undisturbed serpentine rock along the stream-beds of these

gullies, but it was also traced as far up as the summits of the mountains

at. their head, and here it attains an altitude of about 1500 m. The

grass reappears in the serpentine gorge east of Gjergjevice, about

three miles south of Voskopoj . Finally, it was found in great abundance

in an exactly similar habitat, but at a lower altitude, near Boboshtice,

south of Kor^e. This locality extends the distribution of the species

considerably, since it lies at the base of the Morova Planina and is

separated from the Voskopoj mountains by the plain of Kor^e ; the

distance from Voskopoj must be at least twelve miles as the crow flies.

It was noticed that the Brachypodium is found only on bare, untouched,

serpentine rock, where it grows in great abundance and is frequently un¬

accompanied by any other species of phanerogam ; it was never seen on

loose rubble, nor does it grow on the sandstones of neighbouring slopes.

Other grasses found associated with it in August 1935, and not yet

identified, were species of Sesleria , Agrostis, Avcnastrum, Molinia ,

Koeleria , Poa , Bromus , Fcstuca and Brachypodium (possibly B. pi

natum). The area in which this species grows had not previously been

explored by botanical collectors, although the serpentine region (Kamia,

1 opit) lying only a day’s journey to the north has been visited by

.Markgraf and by Bourcart.”

3

Brachypodium serpcntini C. E. Hubbard does not show obvious

affinity with any other species of the genus. Its densely caespitose

habit, very short rhizomes, simple culms, entire leaf-sheaths of the

innovations, setaceous filiform leaf-blades, pallid spikelets, minutely

pubescent rhachilla, and 5-6-nerved lemmas serve to distinguish it

readily from the five species recorded by Hayek from the Balkan

Peninsula (see Hayek, Prodr. FI. Penins. Balcan. in Fedde, Repert.

Beih. xxx. No. 3, 216-218: 1933). If the inflorescence be excluded,

then B. serpcntini bears a distinct resemblance to certain species of

Festucdj more especially to those of sect. Variae Hack. The caespi¬

tose habit, the anatomical structure of the leaf-blade, and the entire

sheaths of the innovations are characters often met with in species of

that genus, whilst the colour of the spikelets, texture of glumes and

lemmas, are somewhat similar to those of F. jlavescens Bell. The

inflorescence is, however, that of a typical Brachypodium. The type-

specimen is in the flowering condition, but mature racemes were

gathered in 1935 by Messrs. Alston and Sandwith. In these only a

small percentage of the florets contained caryopses and in quite a

number of cases the anthers had been only partially exserted. It

seems probable that the scarcity of seed and the non-completion

of anthesis were connected with the prolonged drought during the

summer of 1935. The few caryopses available are somewhat similar

to those of other species of Brachypodium. They possess the same

elongated linear hilum, whilst the starch grains are simple and rounded

and thus characteristic of the subtribe Brachypodinae.

Saint- Yves in his Contribution h l’Etude des Brachypodium (Europe

et Region mediterraneenne) ” (Candollea, v. 427-493 : 1934) has adopted

Ascherson and Graebner’s (Syn. Mitteleurop. FI. ii. I 631-640 • 1901)

division of the genus into two sections, I. Eu- Brachypodium Aschers. et

Gracbn. (l.c. 631: 1901) and II. Trachynia (Link) Nym. (Consp FI

Europ. 843: 1882), whilst Rouy (FI. France, xiv. 294-295- 1913)

SsiTaS,?S -bS-eru. 'Recently Nevski (in Komarov'

1 1. URSS n. 596 : 1934 and in Acta Umv. Asiae Mediae, ser. 8b, Bot.,

lasc. 17, 36 . 1934) has proceeded a stage further and on account of

cytological and morphological differences has revived the <*enus

irachyma Link, restricting Brachypodium to the sect. Eu- Brachy¬

podium Aschers et Gracbn. This section (sensu Aschers. et Graebn.)

ne iias subdivided into two sections, I. Leptorhachis Nevski (l.c. 36)

J.1 1 A‘ the former containing caespitose species,

in <lS • 'Sylvaticuvn (Huds.) R. et S., with abbreviated rhizomes and

a r «a" ne(A ernmas> au^ latter more or less caespitose species, such

or 'P]nna'tum (L.) Beauv., with creeping rhizomes and shortly awned

of pU 1/°US Whether Trachynia Link is treated as a section

our rClC iyP°.um, or as a distinct genus does not concern us here, as

r el at^eW *Pocles *,s so very different, but it is necessary to consider the

an nrfT\ ^ caesPltose habit and abbreviated rhizomes B. serpentini

I oac es sect. Leptorhachis , whilst the short-awned lemmas resemble

those of sect. Eu-Br achy podium. Our plant differs, however, in so

many respects from either that it is proposed to treat it as the basis of

a new section, Brachypodium sect. Festucopsis C. E. Hubbard. The

Latin specific diagnosis given above will serve also ‘as a sectional

description. — C. E. Hubbard.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, transverse section of leaf- blade, x 96 ; 3, ligule,

x 18 ; 4, lower glume, x 6 ; 5, upper glume, x 6 ; 6, floret, side view, x 6 ;

7, lemma, x 6 ; 8, palea, x 6; 9, internode of rhachilla, x 12; 10, lodicules

and stamens, x 6 ; 11, lodicules, x 8 ,* 12, ovary, x 18.

1

J281

Tabula 3281.

COSTERA CYCLOPHYLLA ( Airy-Shaw ) J . J. Smith el Airy-Shaw.

Ericaceae. Tribus Thibaudieae.

C. cyclophylla ( Airy-Shaw ) J. J. Smith el Airy-Shaw, comb. nov.

Cymothoe cyclophylla Airy-Shaw in Kew Bull. 1935, 151. — A C. ovalifoUa

J. J. Smith, foliis plerumque suborbicularibus basi auriculato-cordatis.

floribus tetrameris, calycis dentibus haud glanduloso-apiculatis, corolla

alte sympetala, androecio diplostemono, seminibus numerosis recedit.

Frulex parvus, saepe epiphyticus, laxc subscandens, 2-3 m. altus,

totus glaber. Ramuli rigidi, parce et irrcgulariter ramosi, optime

teretes, usque 4 mm. diametro, corticc vetustiore cinereo juniore

castaneo. Folia alterna, suborbicularia, multo rarius latissime ovata

vel elhptico-ovata, 5-12 cm. diametro (rarius 5-5-6-5 cm. lon<m et

4-6 cm lata), basi rotundata usque cordata et saepe auriculato-imbri-

cata velut amplexicaulia, auriculis magnis rotundatis, apice optime

rotundata vel levissime retuso-truncata, margine piano integerrimo

.ma basi juxta petiolum glandula unica hydathodiiformi utrinque

praedito, ngide conacea, persistentia, paginis inter se simillimis sed

plerumque supenore nitidula inferiore obscura ; costa et nervi utrinque

elevati ; nervi pnmani utroque latere costae 3-4, ab ima basi ejus palma-

tim orti, quam costa vix tenuiores, marginem versus late arcuati atque

vane sed regulanter anastomosantes ; nervi secundarii a costa superne

pinnatim orti et a nervis primariis latere exteriore orti cum proximo

nervo pnmano anastomosantes; venuli ultimi manifeste et crebre

reticu ati ; petioli brevissiirii, subnulli usque 7 mm. longi, robusti, basi

tl lcu a '}• ^ valde irregulariter editi, axillares vel saepe manifeste

‘ x ra-axillares, interdum ut videtur e ramis propriis aphyllis graciliori-

>Us orJ lf f&sciculati (pedunculo obsoleto), fasciculis 1-2-floris basi pcrulis

nonnullis minutis fuscis suffultis ; pedicelli gracillimi, 1-2*7 cm. longi,

j u.o supra basin bracteolis binis ovato-oblongis acutis vix 1 mm.

ongis saepe unilateraliter connatis plus minus adpressis instructi,

pice sensim incrassati, in ovarium sine articulo transeuntes, glaberrimi,

a astro apice cernui, sub anthesi stricti. Ovarium 4-loculare, sub

breviter oblongum, 1-1*5 mm. longum et latum, glabrum,

1^ * u um » P^centae axiles, ovulis numerosis. Calyx breviter et

a cuPularis, 1-2 mm. longus, brevissime et latissime 4-dentatus,

2

subcoriaceus, glaber, nitidulus, lobis latissime triangularibus subcus-

pidatis acutiusculis basi 1*5-2 mm. latis. Corolla alabastro conico-

oblonga, sub anthesi infundibulari-campanulata, 6-7 mm. longa, rosea,

glabra : tubus circiter 4 mm. longus ; lobi deltoideo-ovati, subobtusi,

2-3 mm. longi et basi subaequilati, aestivatione imbricati, sub anthesi

erecti. Stamina 8, inclusa, aequalia, tota circiter 5 mm. longa ; filamenta

applanata, circiter 2 mm. longa, inter se libera, aequilonga, ima basi

corollae adnata, marginibus praecipue superne longe ciliata, ciliis

adscendentibus ; antherae lineari-lanceolatae, 3-4 mm. longae, paullo

supra basin dorsifixae, basi obtusae, papillosae, dorso ecalcaratae, in

rostra omnino libera teretia obtusiuscula poro apicali oblongo introrso

dehiscentia sensim angustatae. Discus inconspicuus, annularis, integer.

Stylus raodice gracilis, 5-6 mm. longus, teres, glaber, stigmate truncato

vel obscure 4-lobo. Fructus maturus bre viter ovoideus, 4-5 mm.

diametro, obsolete 4-locularis, loculis circiter 15-spermis, calyce per-

sistente erecto vel incurvo coronatus, ut videtur clurus, subexsuccus.

Semina obtuse angulata, 1-1*5 mm. longa, 0*5-1 mm. lata, testa laete

castanea pulcherrime foveolato-reticulata.

Sarawak. In moss-forest, Dulit Ridge, 1230 m., 12 Sept. 1932,

Richards 1740 : — “ Small woody scrambler, about 3 m. long. Flowers

mauvish-pink. Leaves thick and leathery. ” In white-sand forest,

Ulu Koyan, 900 m., 15 Sept. 1932, Richards 1829 : — “ Straggling shrub.

Oorolla pink, conical. ” Open moss-forest on exposed peak, Dulit

Ridge (commoner in shady moss-forest), 1100 m., 17 Sept. 1932,

Richards 1890 (type) : — “ Straggling woody climber, often epiphytic,

about 2 m. high. Corolla pink.”

This striking plant was recently described (Kew Bull., l.c.) as the

type of a new genus, distinct both from Costera and from the Philippine

Iaera H. F. Copeland. Dr. J. J. Smith, however, informs the writer

that he has received material of several new species, exhibiting com¬

binations of characters which manifestly break down the supposed

generic distinctions between Costera, Iaera and Cymothoe. A paper

on Costera (sensu lato) by Dr. Smith will shortly be published in the

Buitenzorg Bulletin : it is therefore unnecessary to go into further

details here. The writer is much indebted to Dr. Smith for bringing

the matter to his notice and for kindly proposing to make the necessary

transferences under joint authorship.

Some justification may be offered for referring this genus to the

1 hibaudieae, the better-known and more “ typical ” members of which

have large, conspicuous, brightly coloured flowers. There seems little

doubt that we arc dealing with a much reduced type, whose evolution

may be illustrated (and possibly more or less indirectly represented)

by the series Thibaudia — T hemistoclesia — Sphyrospermum — Costera, etc.

The feature which at once singles out this line of development from the

great bulk of the tribe is the absence of the characteristic articulation

between pedicel and ovary. Costera (inch Iaera and Cymothoe) is the

3

only Old World genus so characterized, and therefore, from a phyto-

geographical point of view, extremely interesting. For a fuller dis¬

cussion of some of the problems raised, the reader is referred to the

original paper by the writer in the Kew Bulletin (l.c. supra).

H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fig. 1, part of flowering branch (from type specimen), natural size ; 2, leaf,

lower surface, showing auricled base, from Richards 1740, natural size ; 3, calyx,

* 4 ; 4, corolla and androecium, x 4 ; 5, stamen, adaxial view, x 8; 6, the same,

lateral view, x 8; 7, flower in longitudinal section, corolla and stamens removed,

* ® » 8, fruit, showing partlv connate bracteoles at base of pedicel, x 2 •

9. seed, x 16.

3262

Tabula 3282.

JASMINUM PELLUCIDUM Airy-Skmv.

Oleaceae. Tribus Jasmineae.

J. (§ Unifoliolata) pellucidum Airy-Shaw; species nova e grege

J. Cumingii Merr., J. apoensis Merr., J. cramfolii Bl., et fortasse

J. sarawacensis King et Gamble, a quibus foliis exsiccando tenuiter

sed firmc membranaceis translucentibus (fere Hymenophylli ad instar),

venulis pulcherrime reticulatis, ultimis abmpte terminantibus inflores-

centia longe et laxe thyrsoidea abunde distincta.

Frutex scandens, ramis sat gracilibus 2-3 mm. diametro teretibus vel

subtuissime stnolatis, cortice griseo usque subcastaneo slabro Folia

ovato-lanceolata, 10-14 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. (raro usque 6-5 cm.) late

basi rotundata usque subcuneata, apice acuminata acuta, margine

integemma saepe revoluta, tenuiter sed firme mcmbrana^a, aureo-

brunneo-translucentia, glabermna, juniora nitida ; costa Gracilis infra

prominens, supra impressa nervi lateralcs utrinque 6-9, saepe ub-

oppositx, a costa angulo 45 -60° orti, prope margincm anastomoses

axillis infra brevissune barbatis, venulis ultimis pulcherrime reticulatis

abrupte quasi praesectis utraque pagina prominulis, mesophyllo siccitate

pel ucido mmutissime punctato ; petioli 1-2 cm. Iongi. Injlorescentiae

axdlares, nonnunquam c gemmis serialibus ortae, anguste thyrsoideae,

longitudine valdc variables, 5-40 cm. (plerumque 10-20 cm.) longae

bStae’ ? ,ln !rl0rc quarta usque diniidia eramosae, superne

bretuter et regulanter ramosac, sub lente minutissime puberulae ;

W; 1t°P?T 1 J® suboppositi, patuli usque fere patentes, 1-2 cm.

cvmnls,r!Si biaCtCa su*)lllato-filiformi 4-9 mm. longa suffulti, apice

flam triflosam regulanter gerentes ; cymulae bracteis binis fili-

tnt H QUr 2 ' lon?ls sufflllti ; pedicelli 5-6 mm. Iongi. Calyx

j:.® , 0 mn\- longus, minutissime puberulus : tubus cupularis, 2-3 ram.

n ° T V c en^?8 ^kulato-filiformcs, tubo subaequilongi. Corolla

1 rrf* )ra ’ ^UVUS anguste cvlindricus, 1-8-2 *3 cm. longus, circiter

1 * ( lai.netro » ^lriibi 5-8-partitisegmenta oblongo-elliptica, 1-1-4 cm.

utrln9Je angustata, apice acutissima, pagina superiore siccitate

m r a^lc?* 2 : filamenta filiformia, circiter 2 mm. longa,

e( 10 ubo corollae inserta, glabra ; antherae anguste oblongae, 2 mm.

^ae* Dlm- latae, utrinque obtusae vel apice subcuspidatae,

2

glabrae, thecis lateraliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium oblongum, vix 1 mm.

ongum et latum, apice truncatum, glabrum. Stylus clavajus, 4-6 mm.

Jongus, glaber. Fructus ignotus.

Sarawak. Baram District, Entoyut River, Nov. 1894, Hose 419.

Dulit, in secondary forest, under 300 m., Aug. 1932, Richards 1385

(type) “ Woody climber on tree 15 m. high. Flowers pure white.”

renompok, 1500 m., March 1932, J. & M. S. Clemens 30299:—

FIs. white.”

The remarkable translucency of the leaves (at least when dried),

and the long narrow thyrses, at once mark off this species from its

nearest allies. It appears to be most closely related to the Philippine

J . Cumingii Merr., which differs in its broadly ovate leaves, almost

truncate at the base, and in its much shorter inflorescences. The

reticulations of the ultimate veinlets in the present species, and their

abrupt terminations, are extremely beautiful when seen under a lens by

transmitted light against the golden-brown of the pellucid mesophyll.

H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Fio. 1, flowering branch, showing habit, x J; 2, leaf, lower surface, natural size ;

3, portion of leaf, lower surface, showing venation, x 6 ; 4, part of inflorescence,

natural size. ; 5, calyx and style, x 6 ; 6, corolla, opened out, showing stamens, x 2 ;

7, stamen, adaxial view, x 6; 8, gynoecium, x 6.

j

J283

Tabula 3283.

HETERACHNE ABORTIVA (R. Hr.) Bruce.

Gramineae. Tribus Eragrosteae.

H. abortiva ( R . Br.) Bruce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles, 1916

627 (1917). Poa abortiva R. Br. Prodr. 181 (1810). Heterachne Brownii

Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. 40 (1877) ; FI. Austral, vii. 635 (1878) •

F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FI. 667 (1883) ; Queens). FI. vi. 1909 t 86

(1902) ; Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 632 (1913) ; Ewart and D’avies

FI. North. Territ. 51 (1917).— Affinis //. Gulliveri Benth., a qua spiculis

late oblongis vel late ovatis majoribus, anthoeciis sterilibus plerumaue

4-22 differt. 4

Gramen annuum. Culmi fasciculati vel solitarii, erecti vel geniculati

10-35 cm alti, graciles, rigidi, simplices velramosi, ramis erectis 3-5-

nodes, glabri, laevcs, internodio summo (pedunculo) usque ad 7 cm Wo

Fohorum vaginae margimbus ciliatae et ore barbatae vel glaW

laevesque ; igulae ad senem ciliorum redacts e ; laminae anguste

lmeares, acutae 5-16 cm. longae, arete convolutae, explanatae usque

ad 2 5 mm. latae, erectae ngidae, supra laxe vel dense pilosaevel

g abrae et scaberulae subtus laeves. Panicula anguste oblonea

oblonga vel elhptico-oblonga, spiciformis, densissima, continua vef bSl

leviter interrupts, 1 -5-5 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata ; rhachis glabra ram

breves, dense spiculati ; pedicelli brevissimi, pilosi. sSl’ aTte

lmbricatae, late oblongae vel late ovatae, obtusae, 3-10^im longae

3 6 mm. latae, purpurascentes vel stramineae. Glumae ambitu oblique

ovatae, acuminatae, apice obtusae vel acutae, marginibus ciliolatis

canna supernc scaberula ; inferior 1-1 -5 mm. longa ; superior 1 -8-

anguX'ovS'vl1 nthoe°la ferlilia 1-2; lemmata ambitu oblique et

ngustc ovata vel optime ovata vel ovato-oblonga obtusissima

ffer^2,6-3;5 mm- longa> ala scabmila vel scabrido-

Plerummm^o6 2~2’80mm' longae> ,alis ciliolatis. Anthoecia sterilia

fertilium simiur ri arCtC UI|br*cata ; lemma iis anthoeciorum

ovata Vol U w e,V!ter anSustl°ra Ct plerumque integra, oblongo-

(cxbZH,}'T ApWA,' Por* n*rwi". "ni- 23, Schulu 302

(Herb. IVIus ’b^ GrCek’ °n gramte rock in creek> June l886- Lrn

2

Queensland. Burke District : Gulf of Carpentaria, Island C,

Nov. 1802, Brown 6268 (type) ; Bentinck Island, June 1901, Bailey

K. 24 ; Carron Creek, Armit. Cook District : Musgrave, Millar K. 26.

For many years the genus Heterachne B ith. (Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. 39 :

1877) has consisted of only two species from Northern Australia and

Queensland, namely, II. abortiva (R. Br.) Druce and H. Gulliveri Benth.

A new species, H. Baileyi C. E. Hubbard, is now added and also a variety

of II. Gulliveri , both from Northern Queensland. It has accordingly

been considered advisable to give an emended description of H. Gulliveri

Benth. and a key to the three species.

Key to the Species.

Spikelets broadly oblong or broadly ovate, 3-10 mm. long, 3-6 mm.

wide, with 1-2 fertile and usually 4-22 sterile florets, the latter much

exceeding the fertile florets . 1. H. abortiva.

Spikelets orbicular, ovate-orbicular or broadly ovate, with 1, rarely

2 fertile and 2-5 sterile florets, the latter equalling or slightly

exceeding the fertile florets :

Lemmas and paleas ciliate :

Spikelets 2-2-5 mm. long and wide ; leaf-blades 0-5-1 mm. in

diameter . . 2. H. Gulliveri .

Spikelets 3-4 mm. long and wide ; leaf-blades opening out and

up to 3-5 mm. wide . 2. II. Gulliveri , var. major.

Lemmas and paleas quite glabrous ; spikelets 3-3-5 mm. long.

3. II. Baileyi.

1. H. abortiva (R. Br.) Druce (vide supra).

2. H. Gulliveri Benth. in Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. 39, t. 1250 (1877) ; FI.

Austral, vii. 635 ; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FI. 667 (1883) ; Quecnsl.

FI. vi. 1910 (1902) ; Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 632 (1913) ; Ewart and

Davies, FI. North. Territ. 51 (1917). — Descriptio hie emendata.

Gramen annuum. Culmi laxe caespitosi, erecti vel leviter geniculati,

usque ad 25 cm. alti, gracillimi, filiformes, rarnosi vel simpliccs, 2-3-

nodes, glabri, laeves, internodio summo (pedunculo) usque ad 14 cm ■

longo. Foliorum vaginae vel ore bre viter barbatae et marginibus

ciliatae vel totae glabrae ; ligulae ad seriem ciliorum redactae ; laminae

filiformes, setaceae, siccitate arete convolutae, 3-5-12 cm. longac,

0-5-1 mm. diametro, rigidiusculae, erectae, extra glabrae laevesque,

intus sparse pilosae. Panicula angusta, interrupta, 2-7*5 cm. longa.,

4-10 mm. lata ; rhachis gracillima, glabra ; rami dense spiculati, pilosi,

inferiores usque ad 3 cm. distantes et 1 • 5 cm. longi ; pedicelli brevissinn*

dense pilosi. Spiculae dense imbricatae, orbiculares, 2-2 • 5 mm. longac

et latae, purpurascentes. Glumae ambitu oblique ovatae, obtusae ve

acutae, marginibus minute ciliolatis, carina superne minute scaberula ,

3

inferior 1-1 *5 mm. longa ; superior 1-5-2 mm. longa, trinervis.

Anthoecium fertile 1 ; lemma ambitu oblique ovato-oblongum, obtusis-

simum, apice emarginatum vel breviter bidentatum, 2-2-5 mm. longum,

ala superne minute ciliolatum ; palea 1 -5-1-8 mm. longa, alis ciliolatis.

Anthoecia sterilia 2-3 ; lemrp rta ei anthoecii f ertilis similia sed anguste

ovato-oblonga vel anguste obionga ; paleae nullae. Antherae 0-3 mm.

longae. Caryopsis 1 mm. longa.

Northern Australia. Settlement Creek, around springs, June

1923, Brass 371.

Queensland. Burke District : Normanton, Gulliver ; between

Gilbert and Norman Rivers, Gulliver (type). Cook District : Etheridge

River, Armit .

H. Gulliveri Benth . var. major C. E. Hubbard ; varietas nova, culmis

plerumque validioribus et saepe altioribus, ore vaginarum longe barbato

panicula densiore spiciformi, spiculis majoribus a typo recedens.

Culmi erecti, 10-40 cm. alti, graciles, rigidi, 2-4-nodes, internodio

summo (pedunculo) 3-12 cm. longo. Foliorum vaginae marginibus cili-

atis, ore longe barbato ; laminae 7-16 cm. longae, siccitate convolutae

vel inf erne explanatae et usque ad 3-5 mm. latae, erectae, supra laxe

pilosae. Panicula lineari-lanceolata vel anguste obionga spiciformis

densissima, basin versus interrupta, superne plus minusve lobata’

3 12 cm. longa, 4 17 mm. lata ; rami dense pilosi, inferiores usque ad

4 cm. distantes et 2 cm longae. Spiculae dense imbricatae, suborbi-

cu ares vel ovato-orbiculares, 3-4 mm. longae et latae.

vel obtusae; inferior 1-3-2 mm. longa; superior 2-2-8 l

Anthoecium fertile 1 (raro 2) ; lemma 2-S-3-5 mm. longum, margbSs

ct ala minute ciliolatum ; palea 2-2-5 mm. longa, alis dense ciliokHs

Anthoecia sterilia 3-5 ; lemmata apice ciliolata. Antherae 0 • 3-0 • 5 mm '

longae. Caryopsis 1-2-1 -5 mm. longa. o-u omm.

QuEEtfSLAND Cook District: near Chillagoe, on limestone Feb

,; ]0’ D?!mn'' Forest Home Station, Gilbert River on hard flats on

Srirf™3f' Br,1838 ; (ii"grt k-». piXs

Oi?L Zl ,Tm,°A “ country' Feb' B,m 1716 M :

as//e/S7e7CimeV0lir^ed^? Domil1 at Chillagoe was identified by him

as 1L todhwn Benth. in Biblioth. Bot. xx. 409 (1915). *

foltmmBwyi-Ci ?• H?bbard > species nova, ab H. Gulliveri Benth.,

majoribim atlonhus» pedicellis minus pilosis, spiculis glabris

• , g umis angustionbus acutis longioribus distinguenda.

^quer\rnUUnJ;. laxe fasciculati, erecti vel leviter geniculati,

internorlm Cm* a graciles, teretes, ramosi, 4-6-nodes, glabri, laeves,

summo (pedunculo) usque ad 15 cm. longo. Foliorum

4

vaginae laxae, glabrae laevesque vel sparse pilosae ; ligulae ad seriem

ciliorum redactae ; laminae lineares, acutae, usque ad 7 cm. longae

et 3-5 mm. latae, planae vel siccitate laxe convolutae, glabrae vel supra

sparse pilosae. Panicula lanceolata vel linearis, interrupta, usque ad

12 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata ; rhachis gracillima, pilis debilibus patulis

sparse pilosa ; rami patentes, arete spiculati, 0*5-4 cm. distantes,

inferiores usque ad 3*5 cm. longi ; pedicelli brevissimi, breviter pilosi.

Spiculae arete imbricatae, late ovatae vel orbiculares, 3-3*5 mm.

longae, 2-3*5 mm. latae, glabrae, stramineae, nervis viridibus. Glumae

ambitu lanceolatae vel anguste ovatae, subaequales, 1 *8-3 mm. longae,

carina scaberula ; gluma superior trinervis. Anthoecium fertile 1 ;

lemma ambitu ovato-oblongum, rotundato-obtusum, 2 *8-3 *2 mm.

longum, carina laevi ; palea lemmate brevior, glabra. Anthoecia

sterilia 1-2 ; lemmata eo anthoecii fertilis similia sed angustiora ; paleae

nullae.

Queensland. Cook District: Weipa, on the Embley River, June

1901, J. F. Bailey (Herb. Kew. et Herb. Brisb.).

The systematic position of the genus Heterachne Benth. requires

reconsideration. Bentham (Hook. Ic. PI. xiii. 39 : 1877) placed his new

genus in the tribe Festuceae (sensu lato), and stated that it was allied to

Ectrosia R. Br. and Elytrophorus Beauv. Later (in Benth. et Hook. f.

Gen. PI. iii. 1188 : 1883), whilst retaining Ectrosia and Heterachne in

the Festuceae , he referred them to different subtribes, namely, Ectrosia

to the Eragrosteae and Heterachne to the Meliceae. Hackel (Engl. u.

Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. ii. Abt. 2, 70: 1887) treated both genera as

members of the subtribe Meliceae. Heterachne differs from Ectrosia by

its awnless lemmas, but resembles it in possessing sterile florets above

the fertile, a character which no doubt greatly influenced Hackel in

associating these genera with Melica Linn. This classification is, how¬

ever, a very unnatural one. Melica is a temperate genus, differing from

both Heterachne and Ectrosia in having 7-9-nerved convex lemmas. In

my opinion a more satisfactory arrangement is to place the last two

genera with Eragrostis in the tribe Eragrosteae with which they agree

in the possession of 3-nerved lemmas.

In studying Australian grasses, a number of cases of cleistogamy have

already been noted, and it appears probable that it occurs also in all

species of Heterachne , as, in dissecting mature florets, the very small

anthers have been frequently found still enclosed in the floret at the

apex of the caryopsis.— C. E. Hubbard.

Fio. 1, plant, natural size; 2 and 3, spikelets, x 12; 4, lower glume, x 1?*

5, upper glume, x 12 ; 6, fertile lemma, side view, x 12 ; 7, palea, with caryops1 »

x 12 ; 8, lodicules, x 20 ; 9, flower, x 16; 10, caryopBis, x 12; 11, transver

section of caryopsis, x 12; 12, sterile lemma, x 12.

V

rafi-eVi

S£84

Tabula 3284.

ISEILEMA WINDERSII C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

I. Windersii C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, affinis I. mcmbramceo

(Lindl.) Domin, a quo inflorescentia laxiore, spathis longioribus

spatharum carina glandulas minutas sessiles gerente, racemis et spicu-

lis majoribus, spicularum involucralium gluma in’feriorc brevissime

pubescente, arista longiore differt.

Gramen annuum, usque ad 40 cm. altum. Culmi fasciculati vel

solitarii, erecti, graciles, leviter compressi, rigidi, ramosi vel simplices

infra inflorescentiam 1-2-nodes, nonnunquam pruinosi, glabri laeves’

Eolia glabra, glauca ; vaginae compressae et acute carinatae inter-

nodus breviores, nonnunquam pruinosae, laeves vel carina superne

scaberula; ligulae truncatae, usque ad 1 -5 mm. longae tenuiter

membranaceae, ciliatae ; laminae lineares, acutae, usque ad 16 cm

jongae et 6 mm latae, conduplicatae et carinatae vel demum explanatae'

firmae, margin, bus et carina plerumque scabridae, ceterun la ev“ vel

supra scaberulae, Iuftorescentia foliacea, erect*, angusta 6- 8 cm

onga, lntemodia pr, maria 3-6, filiformia, inferior* usqui ad 7 cm

longa superior* gradatim breviora ; foliorum vaginae carina slanduks

minutas sessiles gerentes ; spathae an, bin, angustissime eUip“ el

o dique lanceolatae, acununatae, acute carinatae, 1-2 cm longae

vindes, demum brunneao vel rubido-brunneae, tenuiter nervo^e’

herbaceo-membranaceae, demum papyraceae, marginibus bvalinis’

anna ut vaginae g andulifera et insuper scabnda.8 RaZi ll mum

e elllj,tiC0-°bl0^i' 8-10 *»»• longi, tandem

pubescentes v 1 'i* a"i <S ’ P®c uncu^ fibformes, superne minutissime

SrtS scaberulae, 4-5 mm. longi; rhacliis 0-8 mm. longa,

oblongae ? fi f mvojucrales contiguae, oblongae vel elliptico-

connati Vof, T' long^e ; pedicelli validi, 1-5-2 mm. longi! basi

inferior obtmq^i ’!* h,enCjls ^ mm. longis dense barbati; gluma

marginibna V< acuta, dorso plus minusve applanata, cartilaginea,

brevlli ‘nfioxis ®embranaccis, crebre 12-20-nervis,

acuta A nr ( 1 enS° Pu^e.scens ! gluma superior oblanceolato-ol donga,

glabra v conveJca, cor^cea> marginibus hyalinis inflexis, 3-7-nervis,

oblonmim *)r?^>e , , n l^revissimis pubescens ; lemma inferius

Ve oblanceolato-oblongum, truncatum vel laceratum.

2

4 6 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve ; palea inferior nulla ; lemma

superius lineare, 5 mm. longum, hyalinum, vel plerumque nullum ;

palea superior nulla ; lodiculae truncatao ; antherae 1-5-2 *2 mm.

longae. Spicula fertilis lanceolata, acuminata, 7-8 mm. longa ;

gluma inferior minute biloba vel truncata, dorso applanata vel

leviter concava, coriacea, 8-10-nervis, marginibus brevissime et dense

pubescens ; gluma superior lanceolata, acuminata, tenuiter acuta, dorso

infra medium leviter convexa, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis, 3-nervis,

carina superne scabrido-ciliolata, ceterum glabra ; lemma inferius

oblongo-ovatum, 3-4 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve; palea inferior

nulla ; lemma superius lineare, bilobum, lobis angustissimis usque ad

1 mm. longis, 1 -nerve, hyalinum, 4- 5 mm. longum ; arista geniculata,

brunnea, minute scaberula, 1 -8-3-3 cm. longa, columna usque ad 2 cm.

longa; palea superior nulla; caryopsis obovata vel oblonga, 2-5-

3-5 mm. longa. SpicuUie pedicellatae anguste ellipticae vel lanceo-

lato-ellipticae, acutae, 4-5 mm. longae; pedicelli 3-3-5 ram. longi,

gracillimi, brevissime pubescentes ; gluma inferior membranacea,

7-11-nervis, brevissime pubescens ; gluma superior lanceolata vel

anguste elliptica, acuta, membranacea, 3-nervis, nervo medio propc

apicem scabrido-ciliolata, ceterum glabra ; lemma inferius anguste

oblongum, 3-4-5 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve; antherae usque ad

1 - 5 mm. longae.

Queensland. Burke District : Rocklands Station, near Camooweal,

1931, Little 17 ; Morstone Downs Station, near Camooweal, Manager,

per Agric. Chemist Lab. No. 5685 ; Bundoran, near Nonda, in A sir ebb

grassland, in heavy dark-brown soil, 165 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and

Winders 7286 (type) ; near Hughenden, in grassy places, March 1910,

Domin (Herb. Domin.).

The collection of Dr. Domin’s Queensland grasses, which he has

kindly lent for study, includes four sheets of specimens from the neigh-

bourhood of Hughenden, which have been identified by him as Iseilema

membranaceum (Lindl.) Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 281 (1915).

Two sheets are referable to /. vaginijlorum Domin, one to I. Winder sii

C. E. Hubbard and the fourth to I. convcxum C. E. Hubbard.

C. E. Hubbard.

a ? pl,int» natural size ; 2, 8 pa the ; 3, raceme ; 4, involucral spikelet ;

details of involucral spikelet : — 5, lower glume, from inside ; 6, upper glume, fro*0

outside ; 7, lemma of the lower floret, with male flower ; 8, diagram of involucfl*

spikelet ; 9, fertile and pcdicelled spikelets ; 10-16, details of fertile spikelet

10, lower glume; 11, upper glume; 12, lemma of the upper floret; 13, p*8*1

14, lemma of the lower floret; 15 and 16, carvopsis ; 17, transverse section 0

caryopsis. Figs. 2-7, 9-17, x 6.

,»mv

Tabula 3285.

ISEILEMA DOLICHOTRICHTTM C. E. Hubbard.

Gkamineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

I. dolichotriclium C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, ab I. membranaceo

<Lindl.) Dornin foliis glandulas minutas gerentibus, basibus racemorum

et pedicellis spicularum involucralium pilis usque ad 5 mm. longis

dense barbatis, gluma inferiore spicularum involucralium fere laevi,

arista longiore distinguenda.

Gramen annuum, circiter 8 cm. altum. Culmi laxe fasciculati, erecti

vel geniculati, gracillimi, infra inflorescentiam 1-2-nodes, tuberculos

minutos glandulosos infra nodos gerentes, nodis glabri vel sparse pilosi

ceterum glabri laevesque. Folia glabra, glauca ; vaginae compressae’

acute carinatae, mternod.is plcrumque breviores, tenuiter ncrvosae mar-

gimbus hyalrais, praeter carinam glandulis sessilibus minutis ob’sitam

laeves ; hgulae truncatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae, membranaceae

laminae anguste lmeares, acutae, usque ad 4 cm. longae, condupS

et acute carinatae, exp anatae usque ad 2-5 mm. latae. rigidae carma

fdkcTtnsa sTT scaberulae. !n$<Z%

iunatea, uensa, o-4 o cm. longa ; into mod a nrimario fii-f

infen ora h^oiia nd 1 .s vv, 1 • prim&ria nliformia,

mieriora usque ad 1 8 cm. longa, supenora gradatim broviom •

"rinlt.rio'unr l"Ul[l"'“- 'f oM“>uc .cute

scaberulae. Racetni demum l&teraliter exserti 7 8 mm Inn * ^ €

« pedunculi. dis.rticulantes ; peduncuU StLI. 1 ‘“.Td 2 1"

mmT.n,’ gkndnloms gereM<* ; thachij triquctru,

steriles fore nnnf ^a> °n Cl. lata' Sviculae involucrales vel £ vel

elhptico-oblongae vel oblongae, obtusae,

H.ni, compress!^ 2 dr?^° C?mprefae> Pallide virides ; pedicelli gracil-

et pilis albis s’pri r.- m' l)n§1’ lusln versus longe ciliati, basi conuati

inferior dorso rd CC1S u*s(iue ad 5 mm. longis dense barbati ; gluma

angustis inflov' ^ VC* eviter convexa, firme chartacea, marginibus

asSf carin 8 memb™aceis, 7-9-nervis, dorso sparse

oxplanata lain * nT*1 >erU, a ’ S*urna superior oblanceolato-oblonga,

l>yaC 3-lPrvi;btUSa’ fi™e membra nacea, apice et margin^

■late obtusum 3 •>’ n^1Ce cdlcdata 1 lemma inferius anguste oblongum,

um, 3-3 • 3 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve, glabrum ; lemma

2

superius et paleae desunt ; antherae 0*8-1 *2 mm. longae. Spicula

fertilis $, lanceolata, acuminata, 4*5-5 mm. longa ; gluma inferior

apice anguste truncata, inferne marginibus incurvis, superne bicarinata,

carinis scaberula, ceternm laevis, coriacea, 10-nervis ; gluma superior

lanceolata, acuminata, apice obtusa, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis

inflexis, 3-nervis, nervo medio apicem versus scaberula, ceterum

laevis ; lemma inferius ovato-oblongum vel oblongum, obtusum, usque

ad 3 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve, glabrum ; palea inferior nulla ;

lemma superius oblongo-lineare, apice breviter et acute bilobum, usque

ad 3 mm. longum, hyalinum, 1 -nerve ; arista geniculata, brunnea*

usque ad 2 cm. longa, minute scaberula, columna usque ad 8 mm. longa ;

palea superior nulla ; caryopsis obovata vel elliptico-obovata, 2 mm.

longa. Spiculae pedicellatae vel c? vel steriles, spiculis involucralibus

similes sed minores et angustiores, 2*3-3 mm. longae ; pedicelli tenuiter

filiformes, 2*5-3 mm. longi, scabrido-ciliolatae ; gluma inferior firme

membranacea, 7-nervis ; gluma superior tenuiter membranacea,

3-nervis ; lemma inferius anguste oblongum, 2 mm. longum, vel nullum-

Queensland. Gregory North District : Duchess, banks of gully*

on hard reddish-brown soil, 354 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard 7347.

Only one specimen of Iseilema dolichotrichum was collected, but its

apparent rarity was no doubt due to the exceptionally dry conditions

prevailing during the summer season of 1930-1931 . Duchess is situated

in extremely arid hilly country, broken by rocky gullies. The main

vegetation consists of a fairly close covering of a spiny-leaved grass

(Triodia sp.), whilst the gullies are fringed with trees of Eucalyptus and

Melaleuca. It was along the banks of such a gully that the new species

was found growing in association with various other annual grasses*

such as Perotis rara R. Br., Dicjilaria ctenantha Hughes, Trirapfos

mollis R. Br., Daclyloctenium radulans R. Br., etc. — C. E. Hubbard.

FlO. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, portion of stem near a node, x 16; 3,ligule, x 12 j

4, spathe ; 6, raceme ; 6, involucral spikelet and pedicel ; 7-10, details of involucre

spikelet : — 7, lower glume ; 8, upper glume ; 9, lower lemma ; 10, male flower ;

11, fertile and pedicelled spikelets; 12-18, details of fertile spikelet: — 12, lower

glume; 13, upper glume; 14, upper lemma; 15, lower lemma; 16 and

caryopsis; 18, transverse section of caryopsis; 19 and 20, details of pedicel^

spikelets: — 19, lower glume; 20, upper glume; 21, diagram of fertile spikele

Figs. 4-15, 19-20, x 6; figs. 16-18,21, x 12.

Tabula 3286.

ISEILEMA CALVUM C. E. Hubbard.

Gramineae. Tribus Andropogoneae.

I. calvum C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, ab I. WindersiiC. E. Hubbard

folioruin vaginis et spathis vix vel baud glanduliferis, racemis fere

glabris, lcmmate inferiore 1-3-nervi, lodiculis apice appendiculis acutis

praeditis distinguenda.

Gramen annuum, caespitosum, 15-40 cm. altum. Culmi erecti vel

basi geniculati, graciles, subteretes, rig;di, infra inflorescentiam 4-6-

nodes, internodiis inferionbus brevibus, e nodis ramosi, glabri, laeves

plerumque pruinosi. Folia glauca, glabra ; vaginae compressae acute

cannatae, laeves vel lateribus asperulae, inferiores pruinosae ’ inter

nodus longxores vel breviores ; ligulac truncatae, membra’naceae

usque ad 1 mm. ongae, c.liolatae ; laminae lineares, tenuiter acutae’

usque ad 25 cm. longae, 3-6 mm. latae, erectae, primum conduplicatae

et acute cannatae, demum explanatae, firmae, carina et marginibus

scabridae vel omnino scaberulae. lnflorescentin erecta vel curvata

foliacea, angusta, densa vel mterrupta, 4-25 cm. longa ; internodia

pnmaria 3-5, inferiora usque ad 15 cm. longa; foborum vaginae

!t Jl’.S ’ ■2~1'7 Cm' l0ngae> acute cannatae, carina scabridae

et^andnlaBmniitaa paucas nonnunquam gerentes, demum papy-

EarZ’- marglnlbus, h/allIUS’ Pall‘de virides, demum rubido-brunneae.

Racerm inclusi vel demum lateraliter subexserti, oblongi, 7-9 mm

longi demum e pedunculis disarticulantes ; pedunculi filiformes,

3 5-6 mm. longi, minute scaberuli ; rhachis 0-5 mm. longa, glabra.

oblnlae TrhTfS c?,,arCte contig“a«. late oblongae vel late elliptico-

lnn^°gi'e’ ^ 5 6-5 mm. longae, fere glabrae ; pedicellivalidi, 0-8-1 mm.

^ asi connati, glabri ; glunm inferior acuta, dorso plerumque

yexa, cartnaginea, marginibus angustissimis membranaceis inflexis,

apice extra nervosae, intus crebre 17-21-nervis, basi pilis brevissimis

, i is exeeptis glabra, dorso plus minusve et carinis supra medium

lnu e scaberula ; gluma superior oblanceolato-oblonga, acuta, tenuiter

conacea, marginibus hyalinis inflexis, 3-nervis, glabra, laevis ; lemma

in erius explanatum anguste oblongum, obtusum, 5-5*5 mm. longum,

membranaceum, 1-3-nerve ; lemma superius et paleae desunt ; lodi-

culae apice appendiculis angustis acutis praeditae ; antherae 1*5 mm.

2

longae. Spicula fertilis $, lanceolata, acuminata, 6-7 mm. longa,

glabra ; gluma inferior truncata, dorso leviter convexa, tenuiter

coriacea, 8-12-nervis, carinis apicem versus scaberulis exceptis laevis;

gluma superior lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, tenuiter coriacea, 3-nervis,

carina prope apicem scaberula, ceterum laevis ; lemma inferius lanceo-

latum, acuminatum, acutum, 5*5-6 mm. longum, membranaceum,

3-nerve, laeve ; palea inferior nulla ; lemma superius lineare, integrum

vel apice minutissime et obscure bilobum, 3-5 mm. longum, 1-nerve ;

arista geniculata, 1 *5-2*2 cm. longa, columna 5-10 mm. longa ; palea

superior nulla ; caryopsis elliptico-oblonga, oblonga vel obovata,

3 mm. longa. Spiculae pedicellatae lanceolatae vel ellipticae,

3-5 mm. longae ; pedicelli gracillimi, 3*5-4 mm. longi, apicem versus

minute scaberuli ; gluma inferior membranacea, 11-13-nervis, minute

scaberula ; gluma superior elliptica, acuta, tenuiter membranacea,

3-nervis, laevis ; lemma inferius anguste ellipticum, 3-4 mm. longum,

3-nerve, tenuissimum ; antherae 1*5 mm. longae.

Northern Australia. Sturt’s Creek, Gregory.

Queensland. Burke District : Nonda, between Hughenden and

Cloncurry, damp depression in grassland, 154 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard

and Winders 7304; Hughenden, June 1919, Hawthorn ; Jardine

Valley, near Hughenden, in open Astrebla lappacea grassland, heavy

dark-brown soil, 350 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7173 (type).

Cook District : Gilbert River, Wildash.

Gregory’s specimen from Sturt’s Creek was cited under Anthistiria

membranacea Lindl. by Bentham (FI. Austral, vii. 543).

Two species of Iseilema , I. calvum C. E. Hubbard and I. vaginijlorum

Domin, were growing in abundance at Jardine Valley, near Hughenden,

and ample material of each was gathered for examination. Amongst

a large number of specimens of I. calvum , two plants (Hubbard and

Winders 7173B) were found which are probably the product of hybridi¬

zation between the above two species. In general habit they closely

resemble I. calvum , but in other respects they approach I. vaginijlorum.

The longer more slender pedicels of the involucral spikelets being

bearded at the base recall those of the latter species, whilst the larger

male involucral spikelets with firmer glumes are more characteristic of

the former. One important feature which serves to emphasize the

relationship to /. calvum is the 1-3-nerved lower lemmas ; these organs

being nerveless in all other Australian species with the exception of

that species.

The genus Iseilema * Anderss. comprises about 16 species, seven ot

which occur in India, Ceylon, Burma, Siam and Indo-China, whilst the

remainder are confined to Australia. It forms, with Themeda Forsk-

(Anthistiria L. f.) and Germainia Balansa et Poitrass., a well-defined

* Ilackel (DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 681 : 1889) points out that Iseilema is nout^r

and that Anderason was in error in treating it as feminine. Andersson’s mistake

has been porpetuated by many other botanists.

3

group of the Andropogoneae which Stapf has named the Themedastrae

(Prain, FI. Trop. Afr. ix. 8: 1917). These genera are characterized

by the few-noded, much-contracted solitary racemes, and by the

homogamous male or neuter lower pairs of spikelets which form a false

involucre around the 1-3 fertile spikelets and the male or neuter

pedicelled spikelets. Iseihrm may be readily distinguished from

Themeda , as each raceme is articulated with its peduncle and falls away

as a whole at maturity, whereas in Themeda the involucral spikelets are

persistent and the remainder of the raceme is deciduous.

The Australian species are found throughout the Commonwealth

with the exception of Victoria and Tasmania and the southern part of

Western and South Australia, but are most abundant in the tropical or

subtropical drier parts of the continent where the major portion of the

rainfall takes place in the summer months. Queensland possesses bv

far the greater number of species, as all those at present known from

Australia, with the exception of I. trichopus , are to be found in this state.

Several species are widely spread, whilst others, as far as is known at

present, are rather local in their distribution. I. meiubTauaceum occurs

over a very wide area extending from Camooweal and Mt. Emu Plains

Station in Northern Queensland to the southern part of New South

Wales and the northern part of South Australia. I. vaginiflorum has

a still wider distribution stretching from northern Western Australia

through Northern Australia to Queensland and southwards to New

South Wales and South Australia. It does not appear, however, to be

so common in N.S. Wales as I. me.mbramceum. The other species are

confined to the tropical portions of Australia and, with the exception of

I. calvum and I. trichopus, are at present known only from the Burke

and Cook Districts of Queensland. The Australian species of Iseilema

are frequently associated with the Mitchell Grasses (Astrebla S™

the open grassland of the downs and plains, growing in bare place! on

is etwcm the tu"* °f th'

In Australia these grasses are collectively known as “ Flinders Grass "

but they have also been called “ Landsborough Grass,” “ Red Gulf

termed ‘‘IbLll FT T fecently L mcmbranaceum has been

wh lsfr Sna l;ndcrs “ Rud Flinders Grass,”

whilst C l. White records Bull Mitchell Grass ” as the name for

as Z:SCnm. T the. Gllbert River in Queensland. Although described

wl™ m % 8PiTeS hroduce !eafy sterile shoots, which, if conditions

were more favourable, might enable the plants to behave as biennials,

i no root-system usually extends only a few inches into the ground and

t e ^ aPpe&rs as much as a foot in length (Francis in Queensl. Agric.

niiTlVl n 8 ^ni-.274 : 1935) ; on this account the plants are readily

ni • e .UP\ Specimens vary greatly in size, ranging from a few to about

-- inc les in height, and, if the rainfall is poor, even very small plants

1 ower and produce seed. Flinders Grasses respond quickly to the

summer rains which occur from January to April ; they make rapid

growth and soon reach maturity.

4

From an economic point of view the Flinders Grasses are exceedingly

valuable to sheep and stock-owners in the drier and warmer parts of

the Australian continent. They are usually described as excellent

fodder grasses and are often reputed to be more palatable than the

renowned Mitchell Grasses (Astrebla spp.). Some species are more

fragile than others but all break up when dry. The broken fragments

of all species are said to provide much forage which is relished by stock,

whilst frequent reference is made to the fact that sheep even lick up

the small pieces from the ground (Everist in Queensl. Agric. Journ. n.s.

xliii. 377-382 : 1935).

The correct interpretation of the structure of the spikelets of Iseilema

is far from obvious. The involucral spikelets usually consist of two

glumes, a hyaline nerveless scale, 2 lodicules and 3 stamens, with

occasionally a rudimentary ovary. Such a structure is indicated in the

diagram given on tab. 3284 (I. Windersii). The dotted lines denote

the missing parts. The hyaline scale, which is the lemma of the lower

floret, might at first be thought to represent the palea of the upper

floret as it is opposite the lodicules. That this latter interpretation is

incorrect, is seen when a comparison is made with the corresponding

scale in I. calvum. In this species the scale is 1-3-nerved and very like

the upper glume. The number of nerves at once leads one to the con¬

clusion that it is not a palea and that it must be the lower lemma.

The upper floret is thus without lemma or palea, although a rudiment

of the former is sometimes present. The fertile spikelet is usually

described as hermaphrodite, although Hackel (DC. Monogr. Phan. vi.

678 : 1889) was doubtful as to this point, for he writes in describing this

spikelet (v. interdum $?)” and “ Stamina (sp. fertilis) non vidi.”

In all the Australian species the fertile spikelet is female and no traces

of stamens, other than rudimentary filaments, have been found ; but

m the Indian species some of the fertile spikelets are definitely her¬

maphrodite. The racemes are subjected to considerable compression,

owing partly to crowding and partly to being more or less confined in

the spathes and floral sheaths. This compression has caused reduction

in the size of some organs and suppression of others. In the species

dealt with below, various stages of reduction are encountered, the most

noticeable being in the involucral spikelets of I. vaginijlorum. These

are sterile and mostly reduced to the lower glume, or the latter may be

much reduced in size or even completely suppressed.

Ihe seed” is usually composed of the whole raceme which dis¬

articulates from the peduncle at maturity, the involucral spikelets

serving to protect the central fertile spikelet. In a few cases, however,

the fertile spikelet has been found to disarticulate from the rhachis ;

in such cases it has no pungent bearded callus as have species of Therneda-

Ihe racemes are very light and in many species possess a basal tuft of

hairs which no doubt assists in dispersal by wind, although since the

introduction of sheep the presence of an awn provides the raceme with

an additional means of dispersal. The distribution of these grasses is

being extended towards the coast by the spread of “ seed 99 along stock-

5

routes and railway tracks by means of sheep and other animals. In

7. vaginijlorum the spikelets are almost wholly enclosed in the floral

sheaths, which become indurated at maturity and finally detached from

the inflorescence, thus forming a special type of seed.

Key to the Australian species op Iseilema.

* Inflorescence not disarticulating at the nodes at maturity ; racemes

becoming laterally exserted and finally disarticulating from their

peduncles ; floral leaf-sheaths herbaceous, becoming papery, always

sharply keeled :

Involucral spikelets 4-6*5 mm. long, their pedicels from one-sixth

to one-third their length :

Racemes glabrous at the base ; lower glume of the involucral

spikelets glabrous on the back ; lower lemmas 1-3-nerved.

1. 7. calvum.

Racemes densely bearded at the base ; lower glume pubescent

or scaberulous on the back ; lower lemmas nerveless :

Lower glume of the involucral spikelets densely ciliate on

the keels, scaberulous on the back ; lower glume of

the fertile spikelet glabrous . 2.7. ciliatum.

Lower glume of the involucral spikelets scaberulous on

the keels, pubescent on the back ; lower glume of the

fertile spikelet pubescent to tomentose :

h loral leaf-sheaths glandular on the keel ; racemes

oblong or elliptic-oblong; involucral spikelets

5-6*5 mm. long; lower glume of the involucral

spikelets more or less flattened on the back :

Racemes bearded at the base with hairs 2-3 mm.

long ; involucral spikelets oblong or elliptic-

oblong ; lower glume of fertile spikelet densely

pubescent only along the sides.

3. 7. Winder sit.

Racemes bearded at the base with hairs about

4*5 mm. long; involucral spikelets elliptic;

lower glume of fertile spikelet tomentose all

°yer . 4. 7. trichopus.

Floral leaf-sheaths eglandular ; racemes elliptic or

% oblong-elliptic ; involucral spikelets 4-5 mm.

long ; lower glume very convex on the back.

5. 7. convexum.

Involucral spikelets 3-4 mm. long, their pedicels about one-third

to half their length :

Spathes closely glandular on the keel ; base of racemes

bearded with hairs up to 5 mm. long ; lower glume of

involucral spikelets nearly smooth ... 6. 7. doUchotrichum.

6

Spathes eglandular or sparingly glandular ; base of racemes

bearded with hairs up to 2 mm. long or glabrous ; lower

glume scabrid or scaberulous on the back.

7. 7. membranaceum.

^Inflorescence usually readily disarticulating at the nodes at maturity ;

involucral spikelets 3-4-5 mm. long, their pedicels about one-third

their length ; raceme-bases bearded with hairs 1-2 mm. long or

glabrous.

Floral leaf-sheaths herbaceous, or indurated downwards, keeled ;

racemes finally exserted ; involucral spikelets 4-4-5 mm. long ;

awns 2-3 cm. long . 8. 7. macratherum.

Floral leaf-sheaths becoming indurated and cartilaginous, rounded

on the back downwards ; racemes almost wholly enclosed and

tightly embraced by the spathes and sheaths ; involucral

spikelets 3-4 mm. long or suppressed ; awn 1 • 5-2 (rarely 2 • 3) cm.

long . 9. 7. vaginiflorum.

Enumeration of Species.

1. I. calvum C . E. Hubbard , supra (t. 3286).

Dislrib. Northern Australia and Queensland (Burke and Cook

Districts).

2. I. ciliatum C. E. Hubbard , species nova ; ab 7. trichopodi C. E.

Hubbard, inflorescentia congesta, racemorum basi pilis brevioribus

barbata, spiculis involucral ibus oblongis, spicularum involucralium

pedicellis paullo brevioribus et glumis inferioribus striatis ad carinas

molliter ciliatis, spiculae fertilis glumis glabris distinguenda.

Gramen annuum, circiter35 cm. al turn. Culmi erecti, graciles, laeves.

Foliorum laminae lineares, acutae, usque ad 12 cm. longae. Injlores-

centia densa, contracta, circiter 7 cm. longa et 7 cm. lata ; foliorum

vaginae carina glanduloso-punctatae et scabridae ; spathae ambitu

ellipticae, acuminatae, acutae, 1-2-1 *5 cm. longae, acute carinatae,

herbaceae, raarginibus hyalinis, virides, demum rubido-brunneae,

tenuiter nervosae, carina et nonnunquam nervis glandulos minutos

sessiles gerentes. Racemi oblongi, 7-5-8 mm. longi, demum lateraliter

jubexserti, tandem e pedunculis disarticulantes ; pedunculi gracillbm,

2-5-3 mm. longi, prope apicem tuberculis minutis glandulosis praediti ,

rhachis 1mm. longa, pilis albis sericeis 2 mm. longis barbata. Spicula#

involucrales arete contiguae, oblongae vel anguste oblongae, 5-5 * 5 mm*

longae ; pedicelli validi, 1 -5 mm. longi, basi connati et pilis albis usqu(j

ad 2 mm. longis dense barbati, ceterum glabri ; gluma inferior obtusa vel

Mibacuta, dorso striato-sulcata et nervis scaberula, cartilaginea, mar'

ginibus angustissimis membranaceis inflexis, prominenter 7-11-uervjs,

carinis dense ciliata et apice glandulas minutas paucas gerens ; gluma

#

7

superior oblanceolato-oblonga, acuta, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis in-

flexis, 3-nervis, glabra, laevis ; lemma inferius oblongum, 5 mm. longum,

hyalinum, enervc ; lemma superius et paleae desunt ; lodiculae trun-

catae ; antherae 2 mm. longae, aurantiacae. Spicula fertilis $, lanceo-

lata, acuminata, 7 mm. longa ; gluma inferior apice emarginata, dorso

leviter convexa, coriacea, 6-nervis, glabra, carinis apicem versus sparse

scaberula et glandulas minutas sessiles gerens , gluma superior lanceo-

lata, acuminata, acuta, coriacea, 3-nervis, glabra, carina apicem versus

scaberula ; lemma inferius hyalinum, enerve, oblongum, bilobum,

4 mm. longum ; palea inferior nulla ; lemma superius lineare, bre viter

bilobum, 2 mm. longum, 1-nerve ; arista geniculata, 1 *8-2*2 cm. longa,

columna 1-1*2 cm. longa ; palea superior nulla. Spiculae pedicellatae

<J, lanceolato-ellipticae, acutae, 3-3*5 mm. longae ; pedicelli gracillimi,

3*5 mm. longi, sparse ciliati vel glabri ; gluma inferior membranacea,

7-9-nervis, glabra, carina et nervo medio glandulas minutas paucas

gerens ; gluma superior oblongo-elliptica, membranacea, 3-nervis,

glabra, laevis ; lemma inferius oblongum, 3 mm. longum, 3-nerve,

hyalinum, nervo medio ut gluma inferior glanduliferum vel laeve.

Queensland. Burke District : near Hughenden, towards Mt. Walker,

in grassy places, Feb. 1910, Domin (Herb. Domin.).

The specimen cited above was referred to 7. membranaceum Domin

var. trichopus (Benth.) Domin, by Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85

281 (1915) and the description there given is based on that specimen

and not on the type of Anthistiria membranacea var. trichopus Benth.

3. I. Windersii C. E. Hubbard , supra (t. 3284).

Distrib. Queensland (Burke District).

4.1. trichopus C. E. Hubbard ; species nova. Anthistiria membranacea

i77Var; l?choPus Benth* F1* Austral, vii. 544 (1878). Iseilema

- atn trichoPus Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan,

vi 1889) . 7 . membranaceum Domin var. trichopus (Benth.) Domin in

B,b both. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 281 (1915), excl. specim. et descr.-Species

) 7. Windersii C. E. Hubbard, foliorum vaginis inferioribus lateribus

asperu is et minutissime papillosis, racemorum basi pilis longioribus

ar at a et pedunculo apice tuberculos minutos gerente, racemis

a^iuscuhs, spicularum involucralium pedicellis gracilioribus paullo

ongionbus, spiculis involucralibus ellipticis acutis, spiculae fertilis

g umis fere omnino brevissime tomentosis distinguenda.

Oramen annuum, circiter 25 cm. altum. Culmi erect i, graciles,

compressi, rigidi, infra inflorescentiam 1-2-nodes, e nodis ramosi, glabri,

3J ^erculos minutos glandulosos infra nodos gerentes, ceterum laeves.

oliorum vaginae internodiis breviores, compressae, acute carinatae,

8

carina sparse glanduloso-punctatae, inferiores lateribus asperulae et

minutissime papillosae et carina scaberulae, superiores laeves ; ligulae

truncatae, 1 mm. longae, ciliolatae ; laminae lineares, acutae, usque

ad 12 cm. longae, primum conduplicatae et carinatae, demum explanatae

et usque ad 5-5 mm. latae, firmae, glabrae, marginibus carina et supra

scaberulae. Inflorescentia foliacea, angusta, erecta, contracta, 12 cm.

longa ; internodia primaria circiter 6, inferiora 3-5 cm. longa ; foliorum

vaginae carina glanduloso-punctatae ; spathae ambitu anguste ellip-

ticae, acutae, 1*2-1 *5 cm. longae, acute carinatae, pallide virides,

tandem papyraceae, marginibus hyalinis, tenuiter nervosae, carina et

nonnunquam nervis glandulas minutas sessiles ge rentes. Raccrni

demum lateraliter exserti, late oblongi, 9-10 mm. longi, tandem e

pedunculis disarticulantes ; pedunculi filiformes, circiter 3 mm. longi,

apice tuberculos minutos glandulosos gerentes ; rhachis 1 mm. longa,

pilis paucis usque ad 3 mm. longis praedita. Spiculae involucrales <J,

contiguae, ellipticae, 5-6 mm. longae ; pedicelli graciliusculi, 2 mm.

longi, basi connati et pilis albis sericeis usque ad 4*5 mm. longis dense

barbati, ceterum glabri ; gluma inferior acuta, dorso plana, cartilaginea,

marginibus angustis inflexis hyalinis, 13-17-nervis, parte apicali

excepta dense et brevissime pubescens, carina tuberculos paucos

glandulosos minutissimos gerentes ; gluma superior anguste elliptica,

acuta, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis inflexis, 3-nervis, glabra, laevis ;

lemma inferius oblongum, 3 *5-5 *5 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve ;

lemma superius et paleae desunt ; lodiculae truncatae ; antherae

1*5 mm. longae vel ultra. Spicula fertilis $, lanceolata, acuminata,

7 mm. longa ; gluma inferior minute biloba, dorso plana, Crustacea,

circiter 8-nervis, omnino brevissime tomentosa ; gluma superior

lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, tenuiter coriacea, marginibus hyalinis

inflexis, 3-nervis, dorso inferne brevissime tomentosa ; lemma inferius

3 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve, ovato-oblongum ; palea inferior

nulla; lemma superius lineare, bilobum, lobis angustissimis 0*5 nun*

longis, 1 -nerve, 4 mm. longum ; arista geniculate, 1*5-1 *8 cm. longa,

columna 6 mm. longa ; palea superior nulla ; caryopsis elliptica,

3-3*5 mm. longa. Spiculae pedicellatae steriles, lanceolatae, acutae,

3-4 mm. longae ; pedicelli gracillimi, brevissime pubescentes, 3-3*5 mm*

longi ; gluma inferior tenuiter membranacea, 9-nervis, minute

pubescens ; gluma superior anguste elliptica, 3-nervis, vel plerumque

redacta et minutissima ; lemma inferius minutissimum vel nullum.

Northern Australia. Hooker’s Creek, Mueller.

The specimen referred by Domin (l.c.) to I. membranaceum Domiu

var. trichopus (Benth.) Domin represents a distinct species, /. cMO'turrl

C. E. Hubbard (supra, n. 2).

5. I. convexum C. E. Hubbard ; species nova, ab I. Winder sit C.

Hubbard, foliorum vaginis haud glanduliferis, spatharum carina sparse

glandulifera, racemis ellipticis vel oblongo-ellipticis paullo minoribus,

9

spicularum involucralium saepissime sterilium gluma inferiore

11-15-nervi dorso valde convexa breviore et lemmate inferiore

plerumque nullo, spiculae fertilis glumis fere omnino pubescentibus

distinguenda.

Gramen annuum, usque ad 70 cm. altum. Culmi laxe fasciculati,

crecti vel geniculati, graciles, leviter compressi, rigidi, infra inflores-

centiam 2-3-nodes, simplices vel sparse ramosi, primum pruinosi, glabri,

laeves. Folia glabra, glauco-viridia ; vaginae internodiis breviores,

compressae et acute carinatae, laeves vel carina apicem versus sca-

berulae, inferiores nonnunquam pruinosae ; ligulae truncatae, 0*5 ram.

longae, ciliolatae ; laminae lineares, acutae, usque ad 18 cm. longae et

5*5 mm. latae, primo conduplicatae, demura explanatae, firmae, mar-

ginibus carina et pagina superiore scaberulae. Inflorescentia foliacea,

erecta, angusta, laxiuscula, usque ad 35 cm. longa ; intemodia primaria

4-6, inferiora usque ad 20 cm. longa ; foliorum vaginae carina laeves,

haud glanduliferae ; spathae ambitu anguste ellipticae, acutae, acute

carinatae, 1-1*6 cm. longae, pallide virides vel purpureo-tinctae,

herbaceo-membranaceae, marginibus hyalinis, tandem papyraceae’

carina scaberulae et eglanduliferae vel glandulas paucas minutas

sessiles gerentes. Ra cemi demum lateraliter exserti, elliptici vel ob-

longo-elliptici, 6*5-8 mm. longi, tandem e pedunculis disarticulantes *

pedunculi filiformes, 4-5 mm. longi, glabri vel prope apicem minute

scabndi; rhaclns 0*8 mm. longa. Spiculae involucrales vel 1 vel

plerumque stenles, contiguae, oblongae vel elliptico-oblongae, 4-5 mm

bugae, pedicelh validi, 1-1-5 mm. longi, basi connati et pilis albis

dnL °nglS dTe baibati; -gkma inferior obtusa vel acuta,

dorbo convexa, cartilaginea, marginibus angustis hyalinis inflexis

iblonffaerarntaredV18Slme ** <lenSU pubeSCCns '> 8luma superior elliptico-

Sftr^s lbd ? COnVT’ c0nacea’ mar8inibus hyalinis inflexis,

3-7-nervis, glabra vel prope basin pilis brevissimis pubescens • lemma

mferms hyalinum, 0-5 mm. longum, vel plerumque nullum’ emma

supenus et pa eae desunt ; lodiculae truncatae ; antherae i - 5 mm

ongae. Spicula fertilis ?, lanceolata, acuminata, 5 -5-6 -5 mm lon»a •

gluma inferior minute biloba, dorso plana vel leviter concava, coriacea’,

la'neToW18’ °mmn\denf et brevissime pubescens; gluma superior

X a„ ’ acunui?ata> .t(\nuiter acuta, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis

ntiexis, 3-nervis dorso inferne dense et brevissime pubescens ; lemma

e™*8 ovato-oblongum, bilobum, 2-5-3 mm. longum, hyalinum,

Pa. lri^enor nulla ; lemma superius lineare, bilobum, lobis

Por^18 11S^lmi1s *fs(lue at^ ^ mm- longis, 1 -nerve, 3 mm. longum ; arista

cu ata, 1*6-2 cm. longa, columna usque ad 1 cm. longa; palea

^/?e#ri°r i a ’ cary°P8i8 obovata, 2*5 mm. longa. Spiculae pedi-

o ? ae Ve^ c? V^1 steriles, elliptico-lanceolatae vel ellipticae, acutae,

* mm* longae; pedicelli gracillimi, 2*5-3 mm. longi, brevissime

pu )escentes; gluma inferior membranacea, 9-ncrvis, minute pubescens;

9 lJ)Ina 8Uperior lanceolata, 3-nervis ; lemma inferius oblongum,

^•5 mm. longum, hyalinum.

10

Queensland. Burke District: Wongalee Station, 30 miles N. of

Hughenden, amongst Dichanthium sp., etc., on black soil flats, Feb.

1931, Hubbard and Winders 7461; Jardine Valley, near Hughenden,

m open Astrebla lappacea grassland, on heavy brown soil, 350 m.,

^eb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7173A ; near Hughenden, in grassy

places, March 1910, Domin (Herb. Domin.). Darling Downs District :

cultivated on the property of Dr. Hirschfeld at Bybera, Jan. 1934,

White 9741 (type).

Domin s specimen from near Hughenden was included under

Iseilema membranaceum (Lindl.) Domin, by Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx.

Heft 85, 281 (1915). His description of that species is apparently based

on this specimen as he states that the involucral spikelets are up to

5 mm. long, whereas in a specimen of I. Windersii C. E. Hubbard

(which he also included under I. membranaceum) they are 5-6*5 mm.

long.

6. I. dolichotrichum C. E. Hubbard , supra (t. 3285).

Distrib. Queensland (Gregory North District).

7. I. membranaceum (Lindl.) Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85,

280 (1915), excl. descr. et specim. ; Maiden and Betche, Census N.S.

Wales PI. 15 (1916) ; Black, FI. S. Austral. 56 (1922), partim. Anthi-

stma meynbramcea Lindl. in Mitch. Journ. Trop. Austral. 88 (1848);

F. Muell. Fragm. v. 207 (1866), partim ; Benth. FI. Austral, vii. 543

(1878), partim; F. M. Bailey, Syn. Queensl. FI. 646 (1883) ; Moore,

FI. N.S. Wales, 480 (1893) ; Turner in Agric. Gaz. N.S. Wales, iv. 81 >

fig. (1893), et in Journ. Dept. Agric. W. Austral, xiii. 67, fig. (1906) ;

Turner, Austral. Grasses, 11, fig. (1895) ; Maiden, Man. Grasses N.S*

Wales, 94 (1898) ; Breakwell, Grasses and Fodder PI. N.S. Wales, 200,

hg. 98 (left) (1923). Iseilema Mitchellii Anderss. in Nov. Act. Soc.

nL Upaa1-. Ser- 3, ii. 252 (1856) ; Hack, in DC. Monogr. Phan. vi. 684

(1889), partim, excl. var. trichopus ; F. M. Bailey, Queensl. FI. vi. 1871

(1902), partim, et Compreh. Cat. Queensl. PI. 620 (1913), et in QueensL

1 §ric- Journ. xxv. 290 (1910). I. actinostachys Domin in Biblioth. Bot*

xx. Heft 85, 282, tab. 12, fig. 1, tab. 13, fig. 2 (1915) ; J. M. Black in

lrans. & Proc. Hoy. Soc. S. Austral, lvii. 144 (1933).

(tramen annuum, laxe caespitosum, 5-40 (raro usque ad 90) cm*

a turn. Culmi erecti vel geniculato-adscendentes, gracillimi vel graciles,

compressi vel subteretes, ramosi, infra inflorescentiam 0-2-nodes,

glabri, laeves. Folia glabra, glauca vel viridia ; vaginae internodb0

urey lores, compressae, acute carinatae, laeves ; ligulae truncatae,

circiter 1 mm. longae, membranaceae, ciliolatae ; laminae lineares,

acutae, 2-20 cm. longae, 2-5 mm. latae, primum conduplicatac, demum

explanatae, asperulae vel fere laeves. Inflorescentia conglomerata.

11

foliacea, interrupta, usque ad 18 cm. vel ultra longa; vaginae acute

cannatae, herbaceae, laeves vel carina nonnunquam sparse glandu-

liferae ; spathae ambitu anguste ellipticae vel ellipticae acutae

0-8-1 -2 mm. longae, acute carinatae, herbaceae, marginibus hyalinis’

tenuiter nervosae, carina plus minusve scaberulae ct nonnunquam sparse

glanduliferae. Rocemi dense fascieulati, demum lateraliter exserti

oblongi, 5-7 mm. longi, e pedunculis demum disarticulantes ; pedunculi

filiformes, 1-3 mm. longi, laeves vel scaberuli ; rhachis 0-5-1 mm

longa, apice pilis usque ad 2 mm. longis praedita. Spiculae involucrales

vel vel steriles, oblongae vel elliptico-oblongae, 3-4 mm. longae *

pedicelli graciles, 1-5-2 mm. longi, basi connati et pilis albis usque ad

2 mm. longis barbati vel raro glabri ; gluma inferior obtusa vel acuta

dorso plana, plerumque tenuiter coriacea, marginibus angustis inflexis’

dorso et carinis dense scaberula vel scabrida vel scabrido-puberula’

prominenter 9-15-nervis ; gluma superior explanata elliptica obtusa’

tenuiter coriacea, marginibus hyalinis inflexis, 3-nervis laevis • lemma

inferius anguste oblongum, usque ad 3-5 mm. longum, hyalinum

enerve ; lemma supenus et paleae desunt ; antherae 1-5 mm. longae’

Spiculafertihs $, lanceolata, acuminata, 5-6 mm. longa ; gluma inferior

apice minute bifida vel truncata, coriacea, dorso scabrida vel scaberula

8-nervis ; gluma ..superior lanceolata, acuminata, tenuiter coriacea’

marginibus hyalinis inflexis, dorso scaberula, 3-nervis ; lemma inferius

oblongo-ovatum, usque ad 3 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve ; palea

inferior nulla ; lemma supenus lineare, integrum, usque ad 3-5 mm

longum, 1 -nerve, aristatum vel muticum; arista geniculata vel recta

usque ad 1-5 cm. longa; palea superior nulla ; caryopsLoblonga

vel ’ellipticae Ts-S Zn \ * vel ^eriles, ovatae

vei ellipticae, W 5 mm. longae; pedicelli gracillimi 2-5-3 mm

8l”"m »-vi.

flatrFeb0f9310fKe^den>aw0Tt Dichanthium “P^oa black soil

nats, i<eb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7458; Mt. Walker in grassy

Rolling HuShen^en> March 1910, Domin (Herb. Domin. f; on

(Herb WrnTn?l T Hugh"l(1™- ln grassy places, March 1910, Domin

ml 47 Tit ^f'gory North District : Georgina River, Sept. 1910,

Domin ml n I lStrict: near Poland, March 1910

on t ‘ Mltche11 District : Prairie, in open grassland,

burm Ak 8 -ft SS S;;Feb- 1931’ Hubbard <"‘d Winders 7081 ; Mutta-

Lab lVAl>/oU a vt W AE' ’ Longreach> March 1930, Agric. Chemist

T • i i ' , ^arc^ 1934, Barth E. ; Blackall, March 1934, Stringer ,

Oof iQoo n ls^nc^: Peak Downs, Mueller ; Fernlees, on open downs,

n V \\t * arvey bG. Port Curtis District : between Rockhampton

and Westwood, Feb. 1927, White 3394 ; Biloela, Dec. 1933, Strong

12

A 28. Warrego District : Yanna Siding, near Charleville, Hutchinson.

Maranoa District : between Amby and Eurella, common on side of

railway track, Jan. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 6322; Pickanjinnie,

near Wallumbilla, Belson ; Yeulba, April 1933, Bowman . Darling

Downs District : Noondoo Station, Dec. 1932, Young 14A ; Dalby,

April 1916, White ; Oakey, Donges 17 ; cultivated at Inglewood, on

property of Dr. Hirschfeld, Jan. 1934, White 9746. Moreton District :

cultivated at Lawnton, near Brisbane, Nov. 1933, White 9904.

New South Wales. Evelyn County : Yandama, on red soil, April

1906, Mullen. Narran County : banks of Narran River, March 1846,

Mitchell 55 (type of Anthistiria membranacea Lindl.) ; Quantambone,

near Brewarrina, Feb. 1907, Mullen ; Murray Downs, near Walgett,

March 1911, Black ; Hay, Jan. 1917, Little ; Borambil, March 1913,

Cameron ; Darling River, Neilson.

South Australia. Abminga, Aug. 1931, Cleland H. 404; Mt.

Lyndhurst, May 1898, Koch ; Cordillo Downs, in watercourse, May

1924, Cleland H. 275.

8. I. macratherum Domin in Biblioth. Bot. xx. Heft 85, 283, t. 12,

fig. 3, t. 13, fig. 3 (1915).

Gramen annuum, caespitosum, 25-70 cm. altum. Culmi erecti vel

geniculato-adscendentes, graciles, subteretes, infra inflorescentiam 1-3-

nodes, ramosi, glabri, laeves, prope nodos nonnunquam pruinosi.

Folia glauco-viridia vel purpurea, glabra ; vaginae compressae, acute

carinatae, internodiis breviores, laeves vel carina superne scaberulae;

ligulae truncatae, membranaccae, circiter 1 mm. longae, ciliolatae ;

laminae lineares, acutae, usque ad 25 cm. longae, 2-6 mm. latae, con-

duplicatae vel explanatae, firmae, carina et marginibus scabridae,

ceterum asperulae vel scaberulae, marginibus glandulas minutas

gerentes. Injlorescentia foliacea, erecta, densa, 5-20 cm. longa, nodis

demum disarticulans ; internodia 3—6, inferiora usque ad 10 cm*

longa ; foliorum vaginae acute carinatae, carina glanduloso-punctatae

vel glandulas minutas gerentes, herbaceae vel basin versus induratae et

stramineae ; spathae ambitu oblique lanceolatac vel angusteellipticae,

acutae, 1-1*6 cm. longae, acute carinatae, herbaceae, carina scabridae

et glandulas minutas gerentes. Racemi demum lateraliter exserti,

° vlfl Him. longi, demum e pedunculis disarticulantes ; pedun-

cu i filiformes, 2-3*5 mm. longi, superne scaberuli ; rhachis 1-2 mm-

longa, apice pilis albis usque ad 3 mm. longis praedita. Spicu^ae

mvolucrales vel steriles vel oblongae vel elliptico-oblongae, 4-4 *5 mm-

longae , pedicelli graciles, compressi, 1*5-2 mm. longi, basi connati et

pilis albis usque ad 2 mm. longis dense barbati ; gluma inferior obtusa,

uorso plana scaberula vel asperula, carinis scabrida, firme membranacea

vel cartilaginea, marginibus angustis inflexis, 9-11-nervis; gluma

superior oblonga, obtusa, 2 *5-4 *5 mm. longa, membranacea vel

hyalina, 3-nervis ; lemma inferius anguste oblongum, 4 mm. longum»

13

hyalinum, enerve, vel nullum ; lemma superius et paleae desunt ;

antherae 1-5 mm. longae. Spicula fertilis $, lanceolata, acuminata,

6-7 mm. longa ; gluma inferior apice truncata, coriacea, 6-9-nervis,

glabra, carinis supra medium scabrida, ceterum laevis ; gluma superior

lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, coriacea, marginibus hyalinis inflexis,

3-nervis, glabra, carina apicem versus scaberula ; lemma inferius

oblongo-ovatum vel oblongum, 3 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve ;

palea inferior nulla ; lemma superius lineare, integrum, usque ad

5 mm. longum, 1-nerve ; arista geniculata, 2-3 cm. longa, columna

0*8-1 *5 cm. longa ; palea superior nulla ; caryopsis oblonga, 2*5 mm.

longa. Spiculae pedicellatae <J, lanceolatae, 3-5 mm. longae ; pedicelli

gracillimi, 3*5-4 mm. longi, ciliolati vel scabrido-ciliolati ; gluma

inferior 5-7-nervis ; gluma superior 3-nervis ; lemma inferius 2-4 mm.

longum.

Northern Australia. Settlement Creek, on black soil nlains

April 1922, Brass 155. 1 ’

Queensland Cook District : Chillagoe, on calcareous ground at

foot of lull, fleb. 1910, Domm (type in Herb. Domin.) ; Chillagoe in

open Eucalyptus forest and in depressions near river, reddish-brown soil

350 m Jan. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 6775; Chillagoe, Atherton]

Gilbert, River, Forest Home, Feb. 1914, Bick 144 ; Feb 1922 WhU*

i925; w

Closely related to 7. vaginiflorum Domin, but usually larger and with

a more profusely branched inflorescence. ‘ 8

9. I. vaginiflorum Domin in Biblioth. Bot xx Hpft osi .

J- M B1“k “

Folia .rlabra 1 "deW’ 8 abn’,.acves’ prope nodos nonnunquam pruinosi.

inferno it b * ^ Vlnd'a ’ .Va8inae compressae, acute carmatae,

mem In * rl’ laeVe,8 ; hSulae truncatae, 0-5-1 mm. longae;

20 rm 1 eae> ciliolatae ; laminae lineares, tenuiter acutae, usque ad

ngat\2*5-f6 m?1' ^a^ae» Primo conduplicatae, demum planae,

fnlin a° V° ln^ra l^eves, marginibus scabridis. Inflorescentia

j* C(:a» erecta, densa, angusta, usque ad 22 cm. longa, demum nodis

h ,r lcu ans ’> foliorum vaginae imbricatae, 6-15 mm. longae, primum

er aceae> demum induratae et cartilagineae, marginibus scariosae,.

ompressae, lateribus demum convexis, inferne dorso ecarinatae,

superne carinatae, carina prope apicem minute scaberulae, liaud

g anduhferae vel carina sparse glanduloso-punctatae, stramineae vel

14

purpureae; spathae ambitu anguste ellipticae, acutae, 0-9-1 *2 cm.

longae, acute carinatae, herbaceae, marginibus hyalinis, vel demum

induratae, carina scaberulae, haud glanduliferae vel glandulas minutas

paucas gerentes. Racemi in spatbis et vaginis fere omnino arete inclusi,

oblongi, 7-8 mm. longi ; pedunculi filiformes, 1-2 mm. longi, laeves ;

rhachis circiter 1 mm. longa, apice pilos paucos usque ad 2 mm. longos

gerens vel glabra. Spiculae involucrales steriles, anguste oblongae,

3-4 mm. longae vel multo redactae vel nullae ; pedicelli graciles, usque

ad 1-5 mm. longi, basi connati et pilis albis 1-1-5 mm. longis barbati

vel glabri, vel nulli ; gluma inferior obtusa, membranacea, marginibus

angustissimis inflexis, 5-9-nervis, carinis minute scaberula, dorso sparse

asperula vel laevis, vel nulla ; gluma superior minutissima, vel nulla,

raro usque ad 3 mm. longa, hyalina et enervis ; lemma superius usque

ad 2 mm. longum, vel plerumque nullum. Spicula fertilis $, lanceolata

vel anguste lanceolata, acuminata, 5-5-7 mm. longa, glabra; gluma

inferior apice minute bifida, tenuiter coriacea vel firme membranacea,

8-10-nervis, carinis apicem versus scaberula, ceterum laevis ; gluma

superior lanceolata, acuminata, acuta, 3-nervis, laevis ; lemma inferius

anguste oblongum, 3*5-4 mm. longum, hyalinum, enerve ; palea

inferior nulla ; lemma lineare, integrum vel minutissime bilobum, usque

ad 5-5 mm. longum, 1 -nerve ; arista geniculata, 1-5-2 -3 cm. longa,

columna 6-9 mm. longa ; palea superior nulla ; caryopsis oblonga,

2-5-3 mm. longa. Spiculae pedicellatae vel £ vel steriles, apice e

spathis et vaginis exserto, lanceolatae vel oblongae, acutae, 3-5 mm.

longae; pedicelli gracillimi, 2-5-3 mm. longi, scaberuli vel minute

pubescentes ; gluma inferior tenuiter membranacea, 5-7-nervis ;

carinis minute scaberula ; gluma superior lanceolata, tenuissima,

2-3-nervis ; lemma inferius oblongum vel anguste oblongum, 2-4 mm-

longum, hyalinum, enerve ; antherae 1-2 mm. longae.

Western Australia. Roeboume, Mulyie Station, March 1899,

Morrison.

Northern Australia. Sturt’s Creek, Mueller ; Victoria River,

April 1856, Mueller (Herb. Melb.) ; Tanumbirini, March 1912,

815; Newcastle Waters, July 1911, Hill 472 (Herb. Melb.); Port

Darwin, Spring Vale, Giles (Herb. Brisb.) ; Arnhem Land, Basedow 45 ;

Nichol Bay, Crouch (Herb. Melb.).

Central Australia. Macdonald Downs, Clelavid H. 529.

Queensland. Burke District: Rocklands Station, near Camooweal,

Little 8, 9 ; Morstone Downs Station, near Camooweal, Manager , P&

Ague. Chemist Lab. No. 5685B ; Julia Creek, ,Agric. Chemist Lab. No.

4747 , Richmond, March 1905, Berney ; Bundoran, near Nonda, between

Hughenden and Cloncurry, common in Astrebla grassland, heavy dark-

brown soil, 160 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7273; Nonda,

amongst annual grasses, 150 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders ,

7239; Marathon Station, west of Hughenden, on heavy dark-brovn

soil, amongst Astrebla lappacea , 230 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard 7750;

15

near Hughenden, on the Rolling Downs, Feb. 1910, Domin (Herb.

Domin.) ; Hughenden, June 1919, Hawthorn ; March 1933, McCarthy ;

Jardine Valley, near Hughenden, in open Astrebla lappacea grassland,

heavy dark-brown soil, 350 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7177 ;

Mt. Emu Plains, 64 miles north of Hughenden, in black soil, amongst

Dichanthium sp., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7495 ; Chudleigh

Park Station, 1 10 miles north of Hughenden, in open grassland, black

soil, 810 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and Winders 7650. Mitchell District :

Prairie, open grassland, black soil, 424 m., Feb. 1931, Hubbard and

Winders 7053 ; March 1903, Chisholm ; Muttaburra, March 1919, White ;

Longreach, March 1930, Agric. Chemist Lab. No. 4223B ; March 1934,’

Barth D; Brixton, May 1931, Ramon . North Kennedy District:

Charters Towers, Pollock in Herb. Hubbard. 8635. Leichhardt District :

Peak Downs, Emerald, Dec. 1930, Carey ; Emerald, March 1934,

Carey 9. Gregory South District : Windorah, Rose. Warrego District :

Yanna Siding, near Charleville, Hutchinson. Darling Downs District •

cultivated on the property of Dr. Hirschfeld at Inglewood, Jan 1934

White 9743. Moreton District : cultivated at Lawnton, near Brisbane’

Nov. 1933, White 9886. Ue’

New South Wales. Tongowoko County: Tibooburra Olive

Downs, May 1900, Johnson.

South Australia^ Near Oodnadatta, Jan. 1913, Staer ; vicinity of

Lake Eyre, Sept. 1903, Spencer, Andrews 153 ; Cordillo Downs in

watercourse, May 1924, Cleland H. 275A ; Mt. LyndhursL May K

8pede7im>mm “ thC m°St Wid6,y 8Pread ot a11 Australian

Th® following specimens from the Leichhardt District of Queensland

Domin- -EmerahltWirn ' Domin a«d I. membranaceum

Astrebla sn nn ’ 1 °Pen grassland, amongst Dichanthium and

PPi" n , b!rk 80ll> Feb‘ 1931> Hubbard 7931 ; between

sol Feb T9d31P^k//D<T7oirn D*hanthium grassland, heavy black

Tb -v b' 1U’ Hubbard m-J i Clermont, March 1927, White 3418.

b,yrnfe!wi’ e /' ,V,lVl™-flurum habit and in possessing partially

exsertoddrfl0ra 8 T?8’ f <! /• me>^amceum in having partially

glumes acolues> hotter-developed involucral spikelets and firmer

The references given below apply either wholly or in part to this

[Lcies .—Iseilema membranaceum Black, FI. S. Austral. 56 (1922),

1 rum; Gardner, Enum. PI. Austral. Occid. 6 (1931). Anthisliria

ranacea F. Muell. Fragm. v. 207 (1866), partim ; Benth. FI.

(v S ra * Y11, ^3 (1878), partim ; F. M. Bailey, lllustr. Monogr. Grasses

7 (1878) ; Ewart & Rees in Proc. Roy. Soc. Viet., n.s. xxv.

(1912) ; Ewart & Davies, FI. North. Territ. 32 (1917) ; Fitzgerald

n Journ. & Proc. Roy. Soc. W. Austral, iii. 112 (1918); Breakwell,

masses and Fodder PI. N.S. Wales, 200, fig. 97 (right) (1923). It is

16

probable that other references in Australian botanical literature which

are under the above names or under Iseilema Mitchellii may refer at

least in part to this species.— C. E. Hubbard.

Iseilema calvum.

Fig. 1, plant, natural size ; 2, spathe ; 3, raceme ; 4, involucral spikelet ; 5-8,

details of involucral spikelet : — 5, lower glume, from inside ; 6, upper glume, from

outside ; 7, lemma of the lower floret, with male flower ; 8, lodicules ; 9, fertile

and pedicelled spikelets ; 10-17, details of fertile spikelet: — 10, lower glume;

11, upper glume ; 12, lemma of the lower floret ; 13, lemma of the upper floret ;

14, pistil; 15 and 16, caryopsis ; 17, transverse section of caryopsis. Figs. 2-7,

9-17, x 6 ; fig. 8, x 16.

3287

Tabula 3287.

ASPLENIUM PAUCIJUGUM Ballard.

POLYPODIACEAE.

A. paucijugum Ballard ; species nova, A. longicaucUie Hook, proxima,

a quo foliis 1-2-jugatis atro-viridibus, stipitibus laminis aequilongis

vel longioribus, soris inter costam et margines aequaliter dispositis

distinguitur.

Rhizoma longe repens, paleis exclusis usque 3 mm. crassum, paleas

pallide brunneas vel atro-brunneas lanceolatas acuminatas deciduas

gerens. Folia fasciculata, usque 50 cm. longa, simplicia vel semel

pinnata (imparipinnata), pinnis unijugatis vel raro bijugatis. Stipes

usque 30 cm. longus, plerumque lamina longior, pallidus, juvenilis

paleis anguste lanceolatis vel capillaribus plus minusve squamosum

demum glabrescens. Pinnae (vel folia simplicia) oblongo-ellipticae vti

lanceolatae, 4-20 cm. longae, 1 -8-6-5 cm. latae, terminalis lateralibus

plerumque paullo major, acuminatae, apice cauda lineari usque 2 cm.

longa saepe terminatae, cauda gemmam proligeram nonnunquam

gercnte, atrovirides, herl.aceae vel tenuiter coriaceae, mamnibus

sinuatae vel crenato-serratae, basi leviter cordatae usque cuneatae

glabrae. Son numerosi, inter costam et margines oblique et aequaliter

dispositi, nec costam nec margines attingentes.

French Guinea. Between Lola and Nzo, Chevalier 20994 (Herb.

Uiev.) ; between Timbikounda and Farakoro, Chevalier 20627 (Herb

Chev.) ; Kouria, Caille 14714, 14715 (Herb. Chev.).

Ivory Coast. Mt. Nieuokue, 500 m., granitic formation 20 km.

JN.lv of Fort Binger, Chevalier 19480 (Herb. Chev.).

‘)7^12>LD ^'0AST ^ear ttompata, 225 m., in forest, Jan. 1933, Vujnv,

®T- Thomas Island. In shady woods, 750 m., Dec. 1860, Welwitsch

63 ; 800 m., Mailer 19.

Uganda. Lake Victoria, Sesse Island, 1170 m., Dawe 72.

Tanganyika Territory. Usambara District, Silai, virgin forest,

cb. 1893, Holst 2307 ; Gonja, virgin forest, Sept. 1893, Holst 4246

(type).

Madagascar. Without locality, Humblot 314.

2

The recognition of the present species is the outcome of an attempt to

separate Asplenium longicauda Hook, from a mass of herbarium material

which has been erroneously associated with it. Good characters are

readily found to maintain a strict A. longicauda though the specimens

gathered here under A. paucijugum do not, it must be confessed, main¬

tain the same high degree of homogeneity.

Hooker’s A. longicauda possesses the following characters : —

1. The greyish green, almost glaucous blade.

2. The 2-4-jugatc fronds.

3. The terminal pinna usually long-caudate.

4. Sori nearer to the margin of the pinna than to the midrib.

5. The angle between costa and lateral nerves ranging from 37°-43°.

6. Stipe apparently shorter than the blade.

On the other hand A. paucijugum may be distinguished as follows : —

1. The blades are dark green in colour.

2. The fronds are simple or 1-jugate.

3. The terminal pinna is acuminate but not long-caudate.

4. The sori are not nearer the margin than the midrib.

5. The angle between costa and lateral nerves ranges from 48°-65°.

6. The stipe is as long as or longer than the blade.

It has been suggested above that A. paucijugum is not so homo¬

geneous a species as one might wish. In general characters the speci¬

mens resemble one another fairly well, but certain differences in the

rhizome scales lead one to wonder whether some of the plants may

possibly represent juvenile states of other well-known species. We

have in Asplenium, unfortunately, a genus which is notoriously difficult

to catalogue. Christensen has indicated this very clearly in hlS

Pteridophyta of Madagascar, pp. 85-86, where he points out the

astonishing degree of variation occurring in many of the species aim

suggests that the genus may be passing at present through a period °

rapid development. *

In the present case, one has, at any rate, clarified the position 0

Asplenium longicauda Hk., and whether A. paucijugum represents

a taxonomic unit or merely a morphological state, is a matter for future

investigation.

A. longicauda in the strict sense is found only in Fernando Po, Princes

Island and Gaboon. A. paucijugum, on the other hand, enjoys a muc

wider distribution, from French Guinea in the west, through the Go

Coast and central and east tropical Africa as far as Madagascar in t

east. — F. Ballard.

FlO. 1, entire plant, natural size ; 2, rhizome scale, x 24.

3£dQ

S.R-C.

Tabula 3288.

SENECIO JOHNSTONI Oliver.

Compositae. Tribus Senecionideae.

s. Johnstoni Oliver in Trans. Linn. Soc., Bot., ser. II. ii. 340, t. 60

(1887) ; Mildbr. in Fedde, Kepert. xviii. 229 (1922) ; a S. kilimanjari

Mildbr. foliis tenuibus glabris ovatis longe petiolatis, capitulis anguste

campanulatis, florum radii ligulis patentibus aureo-flavis distinguitur.

Arbor usque 10 m. alta. Truncus pro rata elongatus, tenuis, usque

20 cm. crassus, valde ramosus, foliis marcescentibus non vestitus

inferne cortice crassiusculo obtectus. Folia pauca, longe petiolata

tenuia (desiccatione membranacea), ovata vel ovato-orbiculata, cordata*

dentata, basin versus interdum fere serrata, dentibus hvdathodiis

coronatis ; lamina 25-40 cm. longa, 20-30 cm. lata (in plantis iuveni-

libus non ramosis saepe majoribus), supra glabra, infra primum leviter

pilosa demum glabrescens, costa et nervorum basibus pubescentibus

nervis lateralibus distinctissimis 1-2 cm. distantibus; petiolus usque

20 cm. longus, anguste alatus, 1-2 cm. latus alis inclusis, basin versus

latmr. Injkrescenha bracteata, paniculata, usque 1 cm. alta, capitulis

in ramulis lateralibus gracilibus adscendentibus laxe dispositis- axis

ramulique primum leviter pilosi demum glabrescentes ; bracteae

inferiores foliosae, obovato-panduratae. Cajntula heterogama, anguste

campanulata 12 cm. longa, 8-10 mm. lata, longissime pedunculate.

Involucn bracteae 3-senatae, extimae lineares, 10 mm. longae, 1 mm.

latae, interiors 2-senatae, oblongo-lanceolatae, 11-12 mm. ’longae,

atae' /hrCS Tadii Pauci (]°-15)> lon"° Hgulati, aureo-flavi ;

f <•' a Qm longa, 4-5 mm. lata. Flores disci pro rata pauci

„Y ca " ^ , ln*prnc cylindrico, supcrne leviter dilatato ; antberae

exsertae. Achaenia matura non vidi.

t ;r^«A™KA- Southern slopes of Kilimanjaro, 2550-3000 m. (rarely

1 tm H. II. Johnston 15, partim ; above Marangu, Sept.

P / volke.ns 958 (Herb. Berol. et Mus. Brit.); Urwald, March 1906,

• Jaeqer 158 (Herb. Mus. Brit.) ; Bismarck Hut, Aug. 1930, B. D.

writ 4005 ; above Bismarck Hut, Aug. 1931, F. R. Sanders 14 ;

Urnllwc and Weru Weru rivers, Aug. 1932, P. J. Greenway

3152 above Bismarck Hut, Feb. 1934, P. J. Greenway 3852.

2

S. Johnstoni was the first representative of the tree Senecios of the

African equatorial mountains to be discovered. It was collected by

Sir Harry Johnston during his expedition to Kilimanjaro in 1884, and

was described by Daniel Oliver in 1887 in the Transactions of the

Linnean Society. In the light of the knowledge which we have to-day,

it is obvious that the name covered more than one species. Oliver

pointed out, indeed, that the two specimens of inflorescence at KeW

showed important differences in the form of their capitula.

For 35 years, however, any tree Senecio observed or collected on

Kilimanjaro was referred to S. Johnstoni . It was not until after the

well-known paper by R. E. and Th. Fries on the Senecios of Mt. Kenya

and the Aberdares had emphasized the presence of several species on

those mountains that a second species, S. kilimanjari, was detected by

Dr. J. Mildbraed amongst the material in the Berlin Herbarium. But

the true position with regard to the occurrence and distribution of the

species on Kilimanjaro was only realized after the publication of the

third one in 1930 (Kew Bull. 1930, 108). Of this species (S. Cottonii)f

the most striking and perhaps the most abundant of the three,

magnificent illustrations showing the habit had already been published

by Engler under the name of S. Johnstoni . After the discovery

of S. Cottonii a detailed questionnaire with regard to the many

discrepancies in the literature was sent to all botanists likely to be

interested, and as a result ample material with valuable notes were

received at Kew. By means of these it has been possible to elucidate

the problems presented in the old accounts and to correct the errors

which have occurred in nearly all papers, including that in K.B. 1930.

It is now known that there are three very distinct species on Kilima¬

njaro, and that these occur in zones in different ecological habitats,

namely, in the forest, the subalpine zone and the high alpine zone*

The species are, moreover, quite distinct from those at corresponding

altitudes on other mountains. These high mountain Senecios are, in

fact, comparable to island endemics, being separated by mountain

plateaux instead of by seas. The uppermost species, which are the

most specialized, are very distinct ; the lower species have more m

common with each other, but by general consent they are, with one or

two doubtful exceptions, sufficiently distinct to be regarded as separate

species. Of the latter group, S. Johnstoni on Kilimanjaro is one of the

most marked, and very distinct — with the possible exception of a form

on Mt. Meru only 70 miles distant — from those on all other mountains* v

Most of the references in the literature to S. Johnstoni on Kilimanjaro,

and all the records of its occurrence on other mountains, refer to otne

species.

S. Johnstoni occurs as isolated trees or in small groups from abou

2550 m. to 3000 m., in very moist ground or actual water channels, 1

the uppermost part of the forest belt. It is confined to the shade, being

found either in the forest itself, or forest islands, or in ascending tongu®^

of forest which fringe the ravines. This being the case, it is not ^

conspicuous as those which occur on the open mountain side.

3

result, it has, since Johnston’s time, been generally overlooked by

botanists, a fact which largely explains how the name has become

associated with, or indeed actually transferred to, each of the other

species.

In common with the forest species on other mountains, S. Johnstoni

is less striking in appearance and less grotesque than the alpine forms.

It shares with them the habit of a small forest tree, well branched and

possessing a slender trunk with shoots bearing small rosettes of relatively

thin leaves. The mass of marcescent foliage characteristic of the

upper species is absent. The large, erect inflorescence is lax and the

capitula are small and campanulate. These characters separate it

at once from S. kilimanjari (3300-3600 m.), and still more so from

8. Cottonii (3450-4200 m.). From species occupying the same altitude

on other mountains it is distinguished by the large, ovate or orbiculate-

ovate leaves with cordate base, and by the long, slightly winged petiole

(A very similar plant but with thin leaves tending to be elliptical with

or without a cordate base, has been discovered by Mr Greenwav in a

particular area on Kilimanjaro. The taxonomic status of this plant is

uncertain and the diagnosis of S. Johnstoni has not been modified to

include it.) — A. D. Cotton.

Fio. 1, under surface of mature leaf, x & ; 2. Dortinn nf j

of leaf showing hydathodes, x 4; 3, inflorescence, natural size ? 4

campanulate capitulum, natural size . 5, portion of reccp ac e ’ xfifillfl7

x 4 ; 7, style and stigma of ray flower, x 6 ; 8, disk flower x «’• a ray ?owerI

pappus, x 10; 10, group of three stamens, x 6: 11 swollen nnrH 9’ F 2ffcl011 of

x 60; 12, poUen grain, x 450* 13 *• portion of filament,

14, stigma of^disk flower, x 6 =

Tabula 3289.

SENECIO KILIMANJARO Mildbraed.

Compositae. Tribus Senecionideae.

S. kilimanjari Mildbraed in Fedde, Repert. xviii. 229 (1922). S. John -

stoni auctt. non Oliver.-— Ab affini S. Cottonii foliis brevibus petiolis-

alatis et lamina infra minus lanata cum margine tomentosa, capitulis

minoribuB, florum radii ligulis recurvis pallide flavis distinguitur.

Arbor usque 5 m. alta. Truncus crassus, parce ramosus, foliis

marcescentibus saepe usque ad basin vestitus. Folia apice trunci

ramorumque rosulato-conferta, magna, crassa, ovata usque ovato-

oblonga, basi obtusa in petiolum latum crassum decurrentia, dentata

basin versus interdum serrata, dentibus hydathodiis magnis coronatis ;

lamina 30-35 cm. longa, 15-18 cm. lata, adulta supra glabra, costa

praeter partem superiorem et petiolo dense longeque albido-lanato-

tomentosis, infra crispato-pilosa, costa dense longeque albido-sericeo-

lanata, margine inter dentium apices glabros albo-lanato-tomentosa

nervis lateralibiis modice distinctis 1-2 cm. distantibus ; petiolus

usque 8-10 cm. longus, late alatus, 3-4 cm. latus alls inclusis. Inilor-

escentia bracteata, pamculata, usque 1 cm. alta, capitulis in ramulis

aShbbS adt3Cendeftl- ,US dr,Se dlsP°sitis ’> axis ramulique dense albo-

lanati bracteae inferiors foliosae, oblongae vcl oblongo-lanceolatae

Caytiuld hcterogama, late campanulata, 15 mm. lata, 10 mm longa’

breviter pedunculata. Involucri bracteae 3-seriatae, extimae linear

i mni-1(ingae, 1mm. latae, mteriores circa 16, 2-seriatae, oblongo-

lanceolatae, 11-12 mm. ongae, 2-4 mm. latae. Flores radii pauci

(lO-lo), longe hgulati, pallide flavi ; ligula 14-15 mm. longa, 3-4 mm.

ata recurva . h lores disci circiter 105, tubo inferne cylindrico superne

CV1 er diiatato ; antherae exsertae. Achaenia matura non vidi.

bJANGA^yiKA Territory. Southern slopes of Kilimanjaro : chiefly

mre»o S“ and 3450 m*’ Nov* 1889> H- ntyer 319 Oct. 1891,

(Herb. Amani.) ; Oct. 1893, Vollcens 1173 ; Oct. 1902, Engler

/Tr 1^98, Alluaud 70 (Herb. Paris.) ; 1912, Janssens s.n.

Ulerb Brux.) ; below Peter’s Hut, 3300 m., July 1931, W. A. Robertson

Peter?S Hut’ 3390 Aug* 1931> f- R- Sanders 6, 7 ; Dec.

4660, 4667, 4671, 4698; below Peter’s Hut, 330(3 m.,

n ^934, P. J. Greenway 3793. Mt. Meru : South side, in Erica region,

*100 m., Nov. 1901, Uhlig 685 (fide Mildbraed).

2

As explained under plate 3288, this Kilimanjaran species, which for

35 years had passed as a form of S. Johnstoni , was described by Mild-

braed in 1922. No flowers were available, but the leaves afforded good

characters. His paper has been largely overlooked and apparently

Engler did not accept his view (Pflanzenwelt Afrikas, Band 5, Heft 1,

p. 265). Recent material confirms the validity of Mildbraed’s species,

and the specimens he cited have been verified and found correct. His

statement, however, as to the altitudinal range must be modified, since

it covered also the uppermost species ( S . Cottonii).

S. kilimanjari occurs in boggy meadows and in ravines in the sub-

alpine zone and is apparently plentiful above Moshi since abundant

material from this area exists in the Berlin Herbarium. It is the species

which occurs in the bog at about 3300 m. on the track from Marangu

to Peter’s Hut, and was illustrated by the writer (Kew Bulletin 1930,

108). Being distinct from S. Cottonii it was at the time regarded as a

form of S. Johnstoni. The species apparently seldom flowers, since no

fertile material exists at Berlin, and, though specially sought for by

various botanists during the past four years, no good flowers were

observed until 1934, when they were collected and forwarded to Kew

by Mr. P. J. Greenway. From S. Cottonii , to which it is clearly

allied, it differs in certain small but definite and constant particulars.

The leaf characters which separate it are the much less dense indumen¬

tum of the lamina, the very marked marginal rim of white woolly

tomentum interrupted only by the hydathodes, and the petiole con¬

sisting of a short, very broadly winged leaf base. In S. Cottonii the

very dense indumentum of the lamina is uniform, and the exceedingly

long, stout petiole is not winged. The floral differences consist in the

smaller capitula, with about 100 flowers instead of 150, the fewer

involucral bracts and the conspicuous ray florets the ligules of which

are reflexed. Greenway notes, moreover, that the flowers are lemon-

coloured, whereas those of S. Cottonii are orange. The two species

overlap at Peter’s Hut but no trace of intermediates has been found.

A. D. Cotton.

Fig. 1, under surface of leaf, x 2, margin of under side of leaf showing

hydathodes and marginal rim of tomentum, x 3; 3, inflorescence, natural size ;

4, portion of receptacle, x 6; 5, ray flower, x 4 ; 6, style and stigma from ray

flower, x 6 ; 7, disk flower, x 4 ; 8, group of stamens, x 6; 9, pollen grain, x 450

(approx.); 10, stigma of disk flower, x 12 ; 11, immature achene, x 8.

J2J0

Tabula 3290.

SENECIO COTTONII Hutch, et Taylor.

Compositae. Tribus Senecionideae.

S. Cottonii, Hutch, et Taylor in Kew Bull. 1930, 115 ; S. kilimanjari

affinis, a quo petiolis robustis longis non alatis et lamina infra dense

albo-lanata, capitulis majoribus, florum radii ligulis brevioribus

aurantiacis distinguitur.

Arbor usque 5 m. (raro 7 m.) alta. Truncus crassus, parce ramosus

foliis marcescentibus saepe usque ad basin vestitus. Folia ad apicera

ramorum rosulato-conferta, magna, crassa, oblonga vel ovato-elliptica

cordata, integra vel dentata, basin versus intetdum serrata, dentibus

hydathodiis magnis coronatis ; lamina 30-35 cm. (raro usque 50 cm.)

longa, 15-18 cm. (raro usque 25 cm.) lata, supra primum lanata adulta

glabra, costa senceo-ianata, infra dense et crebre albo-lanata costa

longe senceo-ianata, nervis lateralibus modice distinctis 1*5-2 cm

distantibus ; petiolus usque 15-20 cm. longus, cylindricus vel leviter

complanatus, dense et longe lanatus, superne2 cm., basin versus usque

7 cm latus. Inflorescentia bracteata, paniculata, usque 1 m X

capituhs in ramulis lateralibus adscendentibus dense dispositS- axi!

ramulique dense albo-lanati ; bracteae inferiores foliosae, oblanceolatae

CapUula heterogama, turbinata, 2-5 cm. lata, 2 cm. longa longe

peduncukta. Involucn bracteae 3-seriatae, extimae lineares, 8 mm.

“m- latf ’ Snores circa 20-22, 2-seriatae, oblongo-lanceo-

lmV mm- longae,’.'5'‘4 <raro 5) mm. latae. Flore s radii pauci

' ’)/ yeves, aurantiaci, ligula oblonga 7-9 mm. longa 1-5-2 mm! lata

levi/Va^-i !°le8 ^ lSC\ clrc*ter tubo interne cylindrico, superne

glabra dl atat° ’ antherae exsertae. Achaenia 6 ram. longa, striata,

4/b,ANG ,S‘ Kilimanjaro, 3300-4200 m., upper zone, Oct. 1904.

Al ' 190 (Herb. Pans.) ; Forster Thai, Jan. 1913, Grote 6094 (Herb,

m ,ni iii wi™out' Precise locality, 1927, Piemeisd and Kephart 435

34 , Bnt) ; above Peter’8 Hut, Sept. 1929, Cotton and Hitchcock

Pe’t» > ; TTab0Ut 3900 m > Ju,y 1931> W- A- Robertson 1, 2, 3 ; above

Fel. ut’ ^ug- 4 031 , F. R. Sanders 3, 9 et alii ; up to 4200 m.,

• 1934, P. J. Greenway 3757, 3712.

2

The specimens on which S. Cottonii is based were collected by Dr.

A. S. Hitchcock and the writer on Kilimanjaro in September 1929. They

were recognized by Dr. J. Hutchinson as representing a new species

and were described jointly by him and Dr. G. Taylor of the British

Museum, the latter institution possessing specimens collected two years

previously for the Washington Herbarium by Messrs. Piemeisel and

Kephart. The species was regarded by the Engler school as a form of

S. Johnstoni , as may be learned from the letterpress to Engler’s photo¬

graph of a group of trees (Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas i. Heft 1, t. 18),

and elsewhere he states “ die letztere Art (S. Johnstoni) ein sehr ver-

schiedenes Aussehen liber 4000 m. und bei 2900 bis 3000 in. zeigt- . . .

phaenotypisch . . . nieht genotypisch ” (op. cit. v. Heft 1, 265). . It

is remarkable, however, that practically no material of such a striking

plant had been collected, especially as it is perhaps the most abundant

of the three species, a single gathering at Paris and another at Amani

being the only herbarium specimens in existence before 1927. Since its

description in 1930 it has been collected and photographed repeatedly,

and ample material now exists in European herbaria. With the aid

of the additional specimens the original description, especially as to the

leaf, has been amplified and emended. . .

The features distinguishing S. Cottonii from S. hlimanjari , which

occurs in the zone below it, have been given under that species and need

not be repeated. The plant is characteristic of the high alpine zone

and commences at about 3450 m., continuing to the limit of general

phanerogamic vegetation, i.e. about 4200 m. Isolated weather-beaten

specimens may occur above that level. It is a water-loving species

occurring in ravines, bogs, or shallow pools, the surface of which

in the upper altitudes is often frozen over during the night. The

plants are usually shorter than the two lower species, though at about

the middle of the zone, between Peter’s Hut and the saddle in the

Mawenzi direction, very fine specimens, tall and sometimes well

branched, may occur. Engler’s illustration also shows very tall but

less-branched specimens. — A. D. Cotton.

Fig. 1, under surface of mature leaf, x J ; 2, portion of margin of under surface

of leaf, x 3 ; 3, one of lower branches of inflorescence, natural size ; 4, portion

of receptacle, x 6; 5, ray flower, x4; 6, disk flower, x 4; 7, group of three

stamens, x 6; 8, pollen grain, x 450 (approx.); 9, stigma of disk flower, x 12;

10, achene, x 8.

J2V

Tabula 3291.

BARLERIA TETRAGLOCHIN Milne- Redhead-.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Barlerieae.

B. (Prionitis) tetraglochin Milne- Redhead ; species nova, affinis*

R. proximae Lindau, a qua spinis longe stipitatis, floribus majoribus

albis, calyce glabro facile distinguitur.

Planta perennis, lignosa, spinosa ; caules annotini usque 40 cm. longi ;

eaules novelli florifcri, erccti, glabri, sub anthesin usque 10 cm. longi*

nodis sparse minuteque strigosis, internodiis usque 3 cm. longis. Folia

subsessilia, oblanceolata, apice acuta, mucronata, basi angustata,

circiter 3 cm. longs et 1 cm. lata, subtus in costa sparse et minute

strigosa, margiue minute strigoso-ciliata, ceterum glabra, supra cyst.o-

lithis dense instructs. Spinae axillares stipitatae, stipite usque 1 cm.

longo, radiis 4 usque 1-3 cm. longis albis patentibus instructae

Inflorescentiae 1 -2-florae, axillares, apicem versus ramulorum ortae •

bracteae anguste lanceolatae, concavae, apice spinosae, circiter 2*5 cm’

longao et 5 mm. latae, margine et in costa extra minute strigosa-'

bracteoiae anguste lanceolatae, leviter concavae, apice spinosae’

circiter - cm. longae et 3 mm. latae, strigoso-ciliatae. Calycis sea-

menta 4, libera glabra ; posticum ovato-lanceolatum, apice spinosum

] [■ : .“ff J1-"' “**' mt“" “ilpfesse hirsute ; anticum lanceo-

latum, apice integrum vel minute bispinosum, circiter 1*8 cm. longum

et b nun. latum. Corolla alba, circiter 4 cm. longa, bilabiata ; tubus

cylindricus, medium versus leviter constrictus, circiter 2 cm. longus et

^ mm- diametJ0, superne extra minute pubescens ; labium posticum

- cm. ongum, 4-lobatum ; lobi obovati, apice rotundati, basi brevissime

unginculati, circiter 1*5 cm. longi et 1*2 cm. lati ; labium anticum

f,n 1 i T} ^ i°n£um> integrum, obovatum, basi in unguem angusta-

um. y lamina 4; duo antica circiter 17 mm. longa, filamentis

angustissime ligulat-is puberulis, antheris dithecis circiter 4 mm.

ongis ; duo lateralis valde redacts, filamentis vix 2 mm. longis hirsutis,

an ieris dithecis circiter 1*5 mm. longis. Discus cupularis, liber,

margine undulatus, circiter 1 mm. situs. Ovarium conicum, circiter

’ nim. altum, glabrum ; stylus filiformis, circiter 2*5 cm. longus;.

8 1KDla subcylindrico-capitatum. Capsula non visa.

2

Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Kordofan Province : near dry khor east

of road between Dilling and Kadulgi, Nuba Mountains, 700-800 in.,

28 Jan. 1934, Dandy 322 (type) “ Woody herb with basal inflores¬

cences ; corolla white.” El Fung Province : near Abu Gemai, 15 Dec.

1929, Alymer 53 “ Herb with white flowers.”

This very beautiful species seems to have no close ally among those

hitherto described, though in certain respects it appears to be related

more closely to B. proximo landau than to other species of the Section

Prionitis. It is readily# distinguished from all previcmisly described

members of the section having two-lipped corollas by its spines being

in fours on stalks often longer than the spines themselves. Additional

characters distinguishing it from B. proximo are the glaucous leaves,

the larger white flowers, and the glabrous calyx with relatively smaller

lateral segments. The specimen figured was from the type gathering

made by Mr. J. E. Dandy of the Botanical Department of the Natural

History Museum, and kindly presented to Kew by the Keeper.

E. Milne-Repiiead.

Fio 1 portion of plant, natural size ; 2, bracteoles and calyx, posterior view,

x2 • 3 same with bracteoles and anterior calyx segment removed, x 2 ; 4, lateral

calyx segment, x 4 ; 5, anterior lobe of corolla, x 2 ; 6, part of corolla with

anterior lobe removed, showing stamens, x 2 ; 7, anterior stamen, x 3 ; 8, pollen

grain, x 300 (approx.) ; 9, disk and ovary, x 8; 10, stigma, x 8.

- - -

Tabula 3292.

BAMjERIA PROXIMA Liitdau.

Acanthaceae. Tribus Barlerieae.

B. (Prionitis) proxima Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 72 (1896) ;

C. B. Clarke in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. v. 145 (1899). B. Smithii C. B.

Clarke in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. v. 147 (1899) partim, non Rendle.— ^

Species a B. Smithii Rendle foliis minoribus et angustioribus, calycis

segmentis eglandulosis in spinam angustatis differt.

Planta perennis, lignosa, spinosa ; caules basi dense ramosi, usque

15 cm. longi, novelli dense minuteque puberuli, nodis sparse et adpresse

strigosis, internodiis brevibus usque 1 cm. longis. Folia subsessilia,

oblanceolata, apice acuta, spinoso-mucronata, basi attenuata, usque

2*6 cm. longa et 9 mm. lata, utrinque minute strigosa, cystolithis

inconspicuis instructa. Spinae axillares subsessiles, radiis 4 gracilibus

usque 2*6 cm. longis albis patentibus instructae. Injlorescentiae

uniflorae, axillares, apicem versus ramulorum spicatim aggregatae ;

bracteae inferiores foliis similes, superiores angustiores ; bracteolae

lineares, spiniformes, usque 1*5 cm. longae, infenie leviter compressae

concavae, ciliatae, superne glabrae, pruinosae. Calycis segmenta \\

libera , posticum ovato-ellipticum, superne in spinam angustatum

circiter 1-5 cm. longum et 4 mm. latum, extra inferne sparse adpresse

hirsutum, superne glabrum, pruinosum, intus inconspicue adpresse

pubescens , lateralia anguste lanceolata, apice spinosa, circiter 1*1 cm.

longa et 1*5 mm. lata, extra subadpresse hirsuta, intus inconspicue

adpresse pubescentia ; anticum ovato-ellipticum, acuminatum, apice

minute bispinosum vel integrum, circiter 1 • 3 cm. longum et 4 mm. latum,

ut segmentum posticum pubescens. Corolla flava, fauce sanguinea,

circiter 3 cm. longa, bilabiata ; tubus cylindricus, supra medium

leviter constrictus, circiter 1-2 cm. longus et 2-5 mm. diametro,

superne extra, ut limbus, minute pubescens ; labium posticum circiter

1'8 cm. longum, infenie tubiforme, superne expansum, 4-lobatum ;

mbi postici obovati, in unguem angustati, apice rotundati, circiter

} ’ 1 cm. longi et 6 mm. lati ; lobi laterales elliptiei, apice subacuti, basi

m unguem latiorem angustati, circiter 1 cm. longi et 6-5 mm. lati;

labium anticum ellipticum, apice rotundatum, haud unguiculatum,

mm. longum et 4-5 mm. latum. Stamina 4 ; duo antica circiter

1*7 cm. longa, filamentis angustissime ligulatis minute puberulis,

2

antheris dithecis circiter 3 mm. longis ; duo lateralia valde redacta,

filamentis vix 1 mm. longis hirsutis, antheris dithecis irciter 1 mm.

longis. Discus cupularis, liber, margine irregulariter undulatus,

circiter 1 mm. altus. Ovarium conicum, circiter 3 mm. altum, interne

glabrum, superne puberulum ; stylus filiformis, circiter 2-2 cm. longus,

glaber ; stigma cylindrico-capitatum. Capsula disperma, rostrata,

1*2 cm. longa, superne extra minute pubescens.

Abyssinia. Ogaden, in desert, 30 Dec. 1892, Riva 366 (type in

Berlin Herb.). Bia Kaboba [Biyo Kaboba], 900 m., 17 Feb. 1900,

Ellenbeck 304 (Berlin Herb.).

British Somaliland. On stony sandstone slopes north of Hargeisa,

1300 m., 23 Sept. 1932, Gillett 3990 ‘j— “ Flowers bright-yellow with

crimson centre ; native name 4 Godoh Touleh * [full of thorn].”

Hargeisa, July 1929, Mrs. Burne 103 1 “ Somali name 4 Aran Ara.’ ”

Hargeisa, 20 July 1894, Donaldson Smith (Brit. Mus.). Adda Galla

[probably Aidagalla], James and Thrupp. Ahl Mountains, in rock

fissures, 2000 in., March 1873, Hildebrandt 857 (Brit. Mus.). Between

Dobar and Hammer, 1897, Sok Soda, 1897, and Upper Sheik, 1897,

Mrs. Lort Phillips (Brit. Mus.).

The specimen figured on the accompanying plate was from the

collection made by Mr. J. B. Gillett when he was attached to the British

Somaliland Boundary Commission in 1932. Mr. Gillett in his notes

states that in the neighbourhood of Hargeisa it is “ a very common

and widespread species.”

Through the kindness of the Director of the Botanic Gardens at

Berlin, the specimen has been compared with the type of Barleria

proximo Lindau, and has been found to agree very well with that

species. The slight differences between some of the measurements here

given and those of the original description are without significance.

B. proximo is characterized by its spines being arranged in fours on

very short stalks, by its hairy eglandular spine-tipped calyx segments,

and by its two-lipped corolla which is bright-yellow with a crimson

throat and is shortly pubescent outside. Mr. Gillett collected another

specimen (no. 4147) which is very closely allied to B. proximo, and which

may prove to be a variety. It differs in having the spines on consider-

a > e stalks, and in having lemon-yellow flowers without a crimson

throat. — E. Milne-Redhead.

4?,ai i °* a natural size ; 2, lateral view of flower, with corolla removed

to Inw r^«tn ?ne bracteolc> X 3 ; 3, calyx with posterior segment removed

frnn'jJ ; \antri0r 8e«ment of calyx, from within, x3;5, lateral

oAho tulip y *i * ? ’ . ar?terior lobe of corolla, with the corresponding part

r JnV* j \ . ft;„lV eri?r V1CW of rema*nder of corolla, upper part of lobes

n X 4; 0, disk and ovary, x 8 ; 10, stigma, x 8;

11, mfructescence, with posterior calyx segment removed to show capsule, x 3.

Tabula 3293.

BARLERIA QUADRISPINA Lindav .

Acaxthaceae. Tribus Barlerieae.

B. (Prionitis) quadrispina Lindau in Ann. Istit. Bot. Roma vi. 72

(1896); C. B. Clarke in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. v. 147 (1899) partim ;

affinis B. wagganac Rendle ct B. setigerae Rendle, a qua habitu spino-

sissimo, calyce glabro difFert .

Planta perennis, usque 2 dm. alta, lignosa, spinosissima ; caules

ramosi, subquadrangulares, novelli glabri, demum minute puberuli,

nodis sparse et adpresse strigosis, internodiis brevibus usque 1 cm.

longis. Folia subsessilia, oblanceolata, apice mucronata, basiattenuata,

usque 3*5 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata, utrinque glabra vel pilis adpressis

in nervos sparsissime inspersa, et cystolithis dense instructa. Spinae

axillares stipitatae, stipite usque 8 mm. longo, radiis 4 gracilibus

usque 2*5 cm. longis albis patentibus instructae. Inflorescentiae.

usque 4-florae, infra spinam axillarem apicem versus ramulorum

ortae; bracteae primariae foliis similes, usque 3*5 cm. longae

secundariae minores et angustiores ; bracteolae floris centralis lineares*

spiniformes, usque 2-2 cm. longae, strigoso-ciliatae et parce glandu-

losae; bracteolae florum lateralium similes sed minores Calycis

scgmcnla 4, plus minusve libera, glabra; posticum lanceolatum, subu-

Iato-spmosum, usque 1 *2 cm. longum ; lateralia similia, 1 cm. longa ;

anti cum simile, 1*1 cm. longum. Corolla alba, circiter 2 cm. longa,

glabra ; limbus subaequaliter 5-lobatus, haud bilabiatus ; tubus

cv lindricus, haud constrictus, 1*3 cm. longus, 2 mm. diametro ; lobi

postici oblongi, obtusi, 8 mm. longi, 3*5 mm. lati ; lobi laterales obovati,

«ul)acuti, 8 mm. longi ; lobus anticus obovato-oblongus, apice

rotundatus, 8 mm. longus. Stamina 4 ; duo antica circiter 14 mm.

onga, filamentis angustissime ligulatis minute puberulis, antheris

dithecis circiter 2 mm. longis ; duo lateralia valde redacta, fila-

Juentis vix 2 mm. longis hirsutis, antheris dithecis vix 1 mm. longis.

Bivens cupularis, liber, margine vix undulatus, circiter 1 mm. altus.

'Varium conicum, circiter 3 mm. altum, glabrum ; stylus filiformis,

circiter 1-7 cm. longus, glabcr ; stigma cylindrico-capitatum. Cavsula

^nota.

Abyssinia. * Harar, 1889, Robecchi 10 (type in Berlin Herb.).

Ankober, Roth 487.

2

British Somaliland. On stony sandstone slopes north of Hargeisa,

1300 m., 23 Sept. 1932, Gillett 3994 : — “ Flowers white ; native name

* Aran Ad.’ ” Okoto, 8 Sept. 1894, Donaldson Smith (Brit. Mus.).

Barleria quadrispina Lindau was described from sterile material.

Uarke (l.c.) gives a description of the flowers, apparently based on

B. linearifolia Rendle, a species which he had incorrectly reduced to

the synonymy of B. quadrispina , and which has two-lipped corollas

and narrowly lanceolate calyx segments. It is practically certain that

Roth 487 in the Kew Herbarium is the same species as that described

by Lindau, and Gillett 3994 also agrees very closely with the type of

B. quadrispina. Both these specimens have flowers which are sub-

equally five-lobed, and subulate tips to the calyx segments. The

specimen here figured and described is from this latter gathering and is

slightly less hairy than the type, whilst in Dr. Roth’s specimen the

indumentum is rather more plentiful.

B. quadrispina is closely allied to B. waggana Rendle and B. setigera

Rendle, both of which occur in the same area, and agrees with them in

having a small subequally five-lobed corolla. It differs in its more spiny

habit and shorter internodes, and in the calyx being entirely glabrous.

The type specimen of B. setigera Rendle var. pumila Rendle is too

incomplete to make its identification with B. quadrispina certain, so

I refrain from quoting this variety as a synonym. — E. Milne-Redhead.

Fia. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, anterior view of inflorescence, x 2 ;

3, a bract and one bracteole, x 2 ; 4, calyx with anterior segment removed to show

pistil, x 4 ; 5, posterior and lateral segment of calyx, from within, x 4 ; 6, anterior

lobe of corolla with corresponding part of tube, x 3 ; 7, anterior View of remainder

cf corolla, x 3 ; 8, anterior stamen, x 6 ; 9, disk and ovary, x 8 ; 10, stigma, x 8.

J2?4

Tabula 3294.

CUPHEA HINTONI Bullock.

Lythraceae. Tribus Lythreae.

C. (§ Ornithocuphea) Hintoni Bullock ; species nova, speciosa, C.

avigerae Robins, et Seaton affinis, sed disco filiformi elongato basin

versus calyci adnato, floribus null to majoribus, calcari multo longiore,

petalis saturate purpureis multo majoribus facile distinguenda.

Herba annua, usque ad 50 cm. alta; caules graciles, primum pro-

cumbentes et unilateraliter radicantes, sed mox erecti, superne leviter

ramosi internodiis superioribus pilis longis patentibus glandulosis

parce obtectis, ceterum satis dense crispato-puberuli. Folia opposita,

sessilia, in quovis pari saepe inaequalia, lanceolata vel anguste ovato-

lanceolata, apice acutiuscule attenuata, basi truncata vel truncato-

subcordata, usque ad 7-5 cm. longa et basin versus 2*5 cm. lata, sed

plerumque circiter 3 cm. longa et 1 cm. lata, tenuiter penninervia,

utrinque scabriuscule puberula, inferne mox decidua, superne minora,

bracteiformia. Inflorescentia foliata, laxa, e ramulis axillaribus fili-

formibus circiter 1-6-floris composita ; braoteae superiores lineares,

in quovis pari maxime inaequales, altera saepe subnulla ; pedicelli

filiformes, glanduloso-pilosi, circiter 5 mm. longi, bracteolis 1-3

ininutissimis vel subobsoletis praediti ; flores saturate purpurei.

Calyx totus 2 cm. longus, horizontalis, longissime calcaratus, glandu-

loso-pilosus, faucem versus purpurascens, intus glaber et dorso leviter

bialatus ; calcar pallide purpureum, 5-G mm. longum, gracile, obtusum,

rectum vel leviter adscendens ; lobi 6, late triangulares, sub anthesin

patentes. Petala ut videtur subaequalia, dorsiventraliter patentia, 2

dorsalia elliptica, circiter 6 mm . longa et 3 mm. lata, 4 ventralia obovata,

5 mm. longa et 3 mm. lata. Stamina 1 1, ut in iconc biserialiter inserta,

polvmorpha ; filamenta glabra, vel brcvitcr vel longe pilosa, ut in

icone depicta ; antherae ellipsoideae, dorsifixae. Ovarium ambitu

borizontaliter lanceolatuzn, glabrum, 4-6-ovulatum. Stylus gracilis,

exsertus, 9 mm. longus, apice stigmatoso-bifidus. Discus elongatus,

filiformis, ut in icone calyci adnatus et in calcar projectus, post anthesin

delapsus. Capsula membranacea, ovario paullo major. Semina 4,

lentiformia, brunnea, laevia vel minutissimc punctulata, in sicco leviter

rugosa.

2

Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : Rincon del

Carmen, in woods, Nov. 1932, Hinton 2691 (type) ; Rincon del Carmen,

1340 m., under oaks, Oct. 1932, Hinton 1958 ; Rincon del Carmen,

Nov. 1934, Hinton 7008 ; Nanchititla, in oak woods, “ very sticky,”

Nov. 1934, Hinton 7069 ; Tejupilco, Dec. 1934, Hinton 7079.

The most striking morphological features of Cuphea Hintoni are the

long, ascending, straight spur and the peculiar disk. As indicated

above, it is readily distinguishable from C. avigera Robins, et Seaton,

which was hitherto known only from Pringle’s no. 4349, collected

near Lake Chapala in the State of Jalisco. Mr. G. B. Hinton has now

sent specimens of this species (no. 2661) from Tejupilco, District of

Temascaltepec, State of Mexico, collected in a wet barranca. Dis¬

section of a young flower shows that the disk is represented by a small

knob just behind the ovary. This could not be found in an older

fruiting stage. The present plant, as shown in fig. 8, has a most

remarkable disk, modified to form a nectariferous gland projecting into

the spur. In this case the disk is adnate to the calyx for an appreciable

distance, and, as the flower fades, the free portion withers and drops

off. The pedicels of C. Hintoni show very minute bracteoles, which

are in some cases almost obsolete, and have the appearance of small

tufts of hairs.

Koehne (in Engler, Pflanzenr., Lythrac. 80 : 1903) recognized twelve

sections of Cuphea , of which the last, Diploptychia , included three

subsections. Of these, Ornithocuphea , including only C. avigera , was

described as having no disk, and ebracteolate pedicels, by which it was

separated from subsections Trichoptychia and Leioptychia.

In view of these facts, the writer has thought it advisable to separate

C. avigera and C. Hintoni as a distinct section, to be distinguished from

section Diploptychia by means of the straight, ascending spur, adnate

disk, and relatively few ovules, as follows : —

Sect. Diploptychia Koehne . — Discus manifestus, liber, parvus,

deflexus; ovula satis numerosa, plerumque 10-30 sed usque 62 (fide

Koehne) ; calcar breve, incurvum ; pedicelli manifeste bibracteolati.

Herbae perennes, erectae, plus minusve lignosae.

Sect. Ornithocuphea ( Koehne ) Bullock , emend., status novus.—

Discus calyci adnatus, parte libera subobsoleta vel filiformi et

elongata ; calcar pro rata elongatum, rectum, adscendens ; pedicelli

minutissime vel subobsolete 1-3-bracteolati vel bracteolac nullae.—

Herbae annuae, baud lignosae, caulibus basin versus procumbcntibus

radicantibus. — Cuphea subsect. Ornithocuphea Koehne, l.c. 88, 179.

The formation of adventitious roots on the procumbent portion of

the stem in both C. avigera and G. Hintoni bears no relation to the

insertion of the leaves. These roots are strictly confined to the lower

side of the stem. In some cases the testa of the seed is still attached

3

to Mr. Hinton’s specimens, and it can be clearly seen that the primary

root system, developed from the radicle, remains very small, the chief

absorptive organs being the later developed adventitious roots.

A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, entire small plant, natural size ; 2, longitudinal section of a flower, x 2 •

3, portion of the outer surface of the calyx, x 4; 4, upper part of calyx laid open

to show the androecium, x 4 ; 5, one of the three glabrous stamens of the outer

whorl, x 12 ; 6, one of the two long stamens of the inner whorl, x 12 ; 7, one of

the lateral stamens of the outer whorl, x 12 ; 8, base of a flower in longitudinal

section, showing the ovary, disk and spur, x 4 ; 9, stigma, x 40 ; 10, capsule x 4 •

11, seed, abaxial view, x 6; 12, seed, transverse section, x 6.

#

32?&

S.R-C.

\

Tabula 3295.

HINTONIA LATIFLORA var. LEIANTHA Bullock.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Condamineae.

Hintonia Bullock. Genus novum, affine Portlandiae P. Br., a qua

foliis herbaceis haud nitide coriaceis, capsula septicide dehiscente,

seminibus alatis differt ; a Coutarea Aubl., quacum hactenus confusum

foliis satis longe petiolatis, corollae tubo recto haud asymmetrico, limbo

haud obliquo, capsula ellipsoidea levissime compressa 6-8-costata

plerumque lenticellis suberosis ornata septicide dehiscente, seminibus

subpendulis longe recedit.

Calyx 6-lobatus, lobis plus minusve foliaceis anguste lanceolatis

acutis demum deciduis. Hypanthium turbinatum, 6- vel 8-costatum.

Corolla infundibuliformis, haud obliqua, alabastro plicato-valvata sed

marginibus scariosis loborum imbricatis, 6- vel 8-lobata, 6- vel 8-costata,

lobis late triangularibus sub anthesin late apertis apice obtusiuscule

apiculatis, costis e sinibus loborum ad basin conspicuis glabris vel inter-

dum valde villosis plus minusve anguste aliformibus. Filamenta corollae

tubo basi inserta, recta, filiformia. Antherae lineares, basifixae, introrse

longitudinaliter dehiscentes, hand vel vix exsertae. Discus annularis

vix conspicuus. Ovarium 2-loculare, placentis septo affixis subcarnosis *

stylus filiformis, stamina aequans, apice leviter clavellato-bifidus.

Capsula ellipsoidea, levissime compressa, conspicue 6-costata atque

lenticcllata, septicide dehiscens. Semina biseriata, pendula, numerosa,

compressa, satis late alata ; testa minutissime punctulata. — Frutices

erect i vel arbor es parvae. Folia late elliptica vel ovata, vel anguste

lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, herbacea, petiolata, primum plus

minusve pubescentia, demum glabrata. Flores solitarii, speciosi, albi,

axillares, pedicellati, pedicellis minute bibracteolatis vel ebracteolatis.

Species 4-5, Mexici et Guatemalae incolae. Typus : II. latiflora

(kess6 et Moc. ex DC.) Bullock.

H. latiflora (vide p. 4) var. leiantha Bullock ; var. nova, a typo

on bus fructibusque raulto majoribus, corollae tubo intus fere glabro,

antheris sesquilongioribus recedit.

2

Frutex vel arbor (parva), ut videtur decidua ; rami teretes, primum

Icnticellis conspicuis ornati, demum grisei, lenticellis suberiferis incon-

spicuis, internodiis laevibus usque ad 5 cm. longis vel brevissimis, cortice

cicatricibus foliorum delapsorum tuberculato. Stipulae triangulares,

interpetiolares, circiter 3 mm. longae, apice acutae vel interdum

2-3-dentatae, demum scariosae, deciduae. Folia elliptica vel oblongo-

elliptica, petiolis gracilibus 1-2 cm. longis ; lamina membranacea usque

ad 9 cm. longa et 4 cm. lata, apice acutiuscule breviter acuminata, basi

in petiolum satis abrupte acute angustata, supra glabra, subtus primum

(axillis nervorum praesertim) plus minusve pubescens, mox glabrescens,

nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-7 arcuatis venis reticulatis demum (statu

fructifero) supra conspicuis subtus obscuris. Flores albi, speciosi,

s^litarii, ex axillis foliorum superiorum orti *, pedicelli glabri, 2- 2 *5 cm.

longi, infra medium bracteolis 2 oppositis lineari-subulatis circiter

3 mm. longis ornati. Hypanthium (receptaculum) glabruin, turbinatum,

prominenter 6-costatum, 6 ram. longum et apice 3-4 mm. diametro.

Calycis limbus fere usque ad hypanthium 6-lobatus, glaber ; lobi sub-

foliacei, anguste lanceolati, apice acutissimi, inter se aequales, 2 cm. longi

et basin versus 3 mm. lati, basin versus aculeis minutis intus et margine

ornati. Corolla infundibuliformis, 6-lobata, 6-angulata, angulis angus-

tissime membranaceo-alatis, extra glaberrima, intus basin versus

minutissime et parce puberula ; tubus usque ad 7 cm. longus, basi

2-5 mm., fauce 4*5 cm. diametro; lobi arabitu late triangulares,

rotundati, obtuse apiculati, apiculo minutissime tuberculato, circiter

1-1*2 cm. longi, basi 2*5 cm. lati, sub anthesin declinato-patentes.

Stamina 6, corollae tubo basi inserta ; filamenta recta, filiformia,

glabra, 4 cm. longa ; antherae lineares, apice acutae, basi breviter

sagittatae, basifixae, 2*5 cm. longae, vix exsertae. Stylus circiter

6*5 cm. longus, filiformis, apicem versus tortus, apice clavellato-

bifidus. Capsula ellipsoidea, levissime applanata, 3-4 cm. longa et

(diametro longiore) 2 cm. lata, conspicue 6-costata, lenticellis suberosis

irregulariter ornata, demum septicide dehiscens. Semina imbricata,

applanata, elliptica, alata ; testa minutissime punctulata.

Mkxico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : Ixtapan,

1000 m., Aug. 1932 (fl.), Hinton 1258 (type); Luvianos, July 1933

(young fl.), Hinton 4317 ; Nanchititla, Feb. 1933 (fr.), Hinton 3413.

State of Sinaloa : near Culiacan, Sept. 1904, T. S. Brandegee (U.S.) ;

without precise locality, Aug. 1897, J. N. Rose 2281 (U.S.). State of

Colima : without precise locality, July 1897, E. Palmer 93 (U.S.).

The taxonomic position of Hintonia presents something of a problem,

so long as the old method of segregating the tribes by means of the

presence or otherwise of winged seeds is rigorously maintained. Port -

landia , with exalate, angulate seeds, is placed in the Condamineae ,

whilst Coutarea with winged seeds is placed in the Cinchoneae. It may

be safely said, however, that the only character in which Hintonia

/

3

approaches Coutarea is in the winged seeds. These are descending in

Hintonia, but almost vertically ascending in Coutarea. In addition,

the capsules of the two genera are markedly dissimilar. The flattened

obovate, loculicidally dehiscent capsule of Coutarea is typical of the

Cinchoneae , whilst the ellipsoidal, scarcely flattened, strongly ribbed,

septicidal capsule of Hintonia is similar in general appearance to that of

Portlandia. The latter, however, is loculieidal, and is usually crowned

by the persistent calyx.

Examination of the corolla in the three genera concerned shows even

closer agreement between Hintonia and Portlandia , as contrasted with

Coutarea. The last genus usually has a curved tube, often gibbous

near the base, and contorted aestivation ; Hintonia and Portlandia

have straight tubes, never gibbous at the base, and plicate-valvate

aestivation (the scarious margins of the lobes overlapping in an imbri¬

cate manner). The stamens of Coutarea are exserted, and have strongly

arcuate filaments; those of Hintonia and Portlandia are included and

have straight filaments. The leaves, though not here regarded as

presenting characters of prime generic importance, also afford useful

indications. In Portlandia they are leathery and shining, whilst in

Coutarea and Hintonia they are thinly herbaceous ; in the latter,

however, distinctly longer petioles are found.

Clavis specierum generis Hintonjae.

Flores hexameri :

Capsula prominenter pallide lenticcllata, costis 6 robustis ornata,

glabra ; corolla in sicco virescens ; folia plus minusve elliptica,

circiter 5-9 cm . longa et 2 • 5-5 cm . lata ; pedicelli minute bibracteo-

lati :

Capsula circiter 2-2*5 cm. longa; calycis lobi circiter 1 cm.

longi; corolla circiter 6 cm. longa ; pedicelli 1-1*5 cm. longi.

1. //. latijlora.

Capsula 4 cm. longa ; calycis lobi 2 cm. longi vel ultra ; corolla

8 cm. longa ; pedicelli 2 cm. longi vel ultra.

1. H. latijlora , var. leiantha.

Capsula vix distincte lenticellata, pro rata parva, circiter 1-1*5 cm.

longa ; corolla in sicco flavescens :

Folia anguste lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, 10-12 cm.

longa, 2*5 cm. lata ; corolla 11 cm. longa ; antherae 1*5 cm.

longae ; capsula robuste 6-cost.ata ; pedicelli bibracteolati.

2. H. Lumaeana.

Folia elliptica vel ovata, 4-7 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata ; corolla

6 cm. longa ; antherae 3 cm. longae ; capsula levissime

6-costata ; pedicelli ebractcolati . 3. H. Standleyana.

Flores octomeri ; pedicelli ebractcolati ; folia plus minusve elliptica,

pro rata parva,, circiter 2*5 cm. longa, usque ad 1*5 cm. lata.

4. //. octomera .

4

All the specimens cited in the following enumeration have been

examined, those preserved in the United States National Herbarium

at Washington and not represented at Kew being indicated by the

letters U.S. in brackets after the collector’s name and field number.

Enumeration of Species.

1. H. latiflora (Sesse et Moc. ex DC.) Bullock , comb. nov. Coutarea

latiflora Sesse et Moc. ex DC. in DC. Prodr. iv. 350 (1830) ; Alph. DC.

Calq. Dess. t. 458 (1874) ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. ii. 12

(1882) ; non Standi, in North Amer. FI. xxxii. 127 (1921), nec in

Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, xxiii. 1367 (1926). Portlandia pterosperma

S. Wats, in Proc. Amer. Acad. xxiv. 52 (1889). Coutarea pterosperma

(S. Wats.) Standi, in North Amer. FI. xxxii. 127 (1921), et in Contr.

U.S. Nat. Herb, xxiii. 1367 (1926).

Mexico. State of Sonora : near Alamos, Rose , Standley and Russell

12870 (U.S.) ; Guamas, Palmer 298 (1887) (type of Portlandia ptero¬

sperma) ; Guaymas, Johnston 3099. Tres Marias Islands : Maria

Madre Is., Nelson 4211 (U.S.) ; Ferris 5602 (U.S.). State of Chihuahua :

Batopilas, Doldman 223 (U.S.). State of Sinaloa : Fuerte, Rose ,

Standley and Russell 13499 (U.S.) ; Mazatlan, Ortega 5607 (U.S.) ;

Rose , Standley and Russell 13786 (U.S.) ; San Bias, Rose, Standley and

Russell 13621 ; Rosario, Rose, Standley and Russell 14540 (U.S.) ; La

Peonia, Choix, 610 m., Montes and Salazar 635 (U.S.) ; Culiacan,

Palmer 1515 (1891) (U.S.) ; without exact locality, Ortega 4845 (U.S.) ;

6354 (U.S.). State of Tepic : Acaponeta, Rose, Standley and Russell

14352 (U.S.). State of Durango : Sianori, Ortega 5376 (U.S.). State

of Mexico : Anonas, Temascaltepec, Hinton 6333. State of Guerrero :

Acholtla, 900 m., Reko 5044 (U.S.).

Many of the specimens cited show fruit only, and these vary con¬

siderably in size and in the number and size of the corky lenticels,

which, the writer is convinced, are of great taxonomic importance, at

any rate specifically. A few of them may actually belong to var. leiantha.

There seems to be no doubt that Sess4 and Mocino’s Coutarea latiflora,

described from their drawing by De Candolle in the Prodromus, has

been wrongly identified by later authors. The drawing and descrip¬

tion of the fruit are definitelv indicative of the later described Portlandia

pterosperma S. Wats, and not of the plant accepted by Standley as

Coutarea latiflora The presence of conspicuous lenticels is decisive.

1 he native name “ copalchi ” given by De Candolle is almost universally

app !c to / ortlandia pterosperma, and rarely to Standley’s “ Coutarea

latiflora , which is more usually called “ quina ” or “ falsa quina.” The

native names are probably reliable, since the bark of both plants is of

value- copalchi for malaria, lung affections, aud for pinto, and

quina as a febrifuge.

ihe greater part of both drawing and description is equally applicable

to both plants, the only feature definitely suggestive of Standby’s

5

“ Coutarea latiflora ” rather than Portlandia pterosperma being the

absence of bracteoles. In the latter, these are very small and com¬

paratively early deciduous, and might be easily overlooked unless their

presence or absence is known to be important. It is suggested that

Sesse and Mocino, not realizing their importance, neglected them,

whilst De Candolle, at once observing a specific character, wrote

“ . . . pedicellis ebractcatis.”

The balance of evidence is therefore strongly in favour of the identi¬

fication adopted above, Portlandia pterosperma becoming a synonym

of Hintonia latiflora, and Coutarea latiflora DC. sec. Standi, receiving

the new name Hintonia Standleyana.

H. latiflora var. leiantha Bullock (vide p. 1).

The specimen (Hinton 1258) from which the figures of the flower have

been drawn is so strikingly different from the type of Watson’s Port¬

landia pterosperma that it was at first decided to describe it as a dis¬

tinct species. It was realized, however, that the material available for

study at Kew was inadequate, and through the generous loan of the

material in the United States National Herbarium the writer has been

able to examine a very large series of specimens, most of which had been

used in the preparation of the North American Flora. These show

most remarkable gradations in nearly all the characters usually con¬

sidered to be of specific importance, and, taken in conjunction with the

extensive geographical distribution, given in some detail above, indicate

that the present plant is no more than an extreme form which is, how¬

ever, worthy of varietal rank.

The variety is a shrub about 6 feet high, bearing large axillary white

flowers. According to Mr. G. B. Hinton, the macerated leaves are

taken internally for malaria, and boiled in a bath for the pigmentation

disease known as pinto. The vernacular name given by Mr. Hinton is

“ copalche,” a name which, as noted above, is in general use throughout

Mexico for the typical form.

2. H. Lumaeana ( BaiU .) Bullock , comb. nov. Coutarea Lumaeana

Baill. in Adans. xii. 301 (1879) ; Standi, in N. Amer. FI. xxxii. 128

(1921), et in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, xxiii. 1367 (1926). Portlandia

Lumaeana (Baill.) Baill. Hist. PI. vii. 333 (1880).

Guatemala. Dept. Guatemala, 1500 m., May 1892, Donnell-

Smith 2757 : — “ In hortis Lumanis seminibus a San Jorje (3000 pp.)

in Depart. Chimaltenango advectis producta.”

This species, the only one confined to Guatemala, is at once distin¬

guished by its long, narrow leaves. The fruit, known to the writer

only from a few fragments in a capsule on the Kew sheet, shows the

ribs characteristic of the genus.

6

3. H. Standleyana Bullock , nom. nov. Coutarca latijlora DC. sec.

Standley in N. Amer. Fl.xxxii. 127 (1921), et in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb,

xxiii. 1367 (1926) ; non Sess6 et Moc. ex DC. Prodr. iv. 350 (1830).

Mexico. Chihuahua : Palmer 16 (1895) ; Tepic : Lumholtz (U.S.) ;

Puebla: AndrieuxZSl ; Pringle 8583; SelerS 49 (U.S.,ex herb. Berol.) ;

Rose and Hay 5932 (U.S.) ; Rose , Painter and Rose 10123 (U.S.).

Oaxaca : Purpus 3279 (U.S.) ; Conzatti 3966 (U.S.) ; Reko 4253 (U.S.) ;

Pringle 7473 (U.S.) ; Pringle and Conzatti 271 (U.S.). Guerrero :

Nelson 6985 (U.S.) ; Langlasse 234.

Guatemala. Gualan, Beam 6365 (U.S.).

An extremely variable species, particularly as to the amount of

indumentum on the leaves, hypanthium, and the outside of the corolla.

With an even greater geographical range, it is at once distinguished

from H. latijlora (as here understood) by the small, almost smooth fruit,

which is not obviously lenticellate. As pointed out above, the absence

of bracteoles led to its confusion with that species. In the dried state

the two species are readily separable by means of the colour difference

noted in the key. II. Standleyana is used in Mexico as a febrifuge, and

the vernacular name is “ quina,” or a variant thereof.

4. H. octomera (Hemsl.) Bullock , comb. nov. Coutarea octomera

Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer.,Bot. iv. 101 (1887) ; Standi. in N. Amer. FI.

xxxii. 127 (1921), et in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, xxiii. 1367 (1926).

Mexico. Yucatan : Cozumel Is., April 1895, Gaunter 148 (type) ;

Fort Silam, 1895, Gaumer 682 ; sin. loc., Gaunter 27271 ; Gaumer

23780 (U.S.) ; Chichen Itza, June 1929, J. Bequaert 40 (U.S.) : —

Bush about 15 ft. high with somewhat hanging and trailing branches,

and white flowers.”

A very distinct species, at once characterized by its octomerous

flowers and comparatively small leaves. It is the only species occurring

m Yucatan. The size of the flower is very variable, being from 3 to 7

centimetres in length.

rwo specimens of Hintonia in the United States National Herbarium

co ec e ^y Dr. B. P. Keko at Calabazas, Jalisco, in 1925, are named

respectively Coutarea latijlora M. & S.” (no. 4882) and “Coutarea

p erosperma (Wats.) Standi.” (without number). These appear to be

yr^er. *8 inclined to the belief that they represent

fruit ' Cr n escri^etJ sPecies of Hintonia. Further material, including

Afw ZZZ? befr a definite conclusion can be reached.

nf rvLiL be ?enus Hintonia from the Central American

B pj, rep> a® understood by Standley, there remains only one

species, O. hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum., indigenous in that regie/ Of

7

the Mexican specimens of this species seen by the writer, there is in the

Kew Herbarium one from Vera Cruz, collected by Dr. Gouin in 1867.

This is an extension of the Mexican range (Oaxaca and Chiapas) given

by Standley. Coutarea mexicana Zucc. et Mart, was rightly trans¬

ferred by Hemsley to Portlandia , in which genus it is retained by

Standley. There are thus three species of Hintonia , one of Coutarea

and one of Portlandia indigenous in Mexico, the fourth species of

Hintonia being confined to Guatemala. — A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, flowering branch, natural size ; 2, calyx with two lobes removed, and

gynoocium, x 2 ; 3, lower part of calyx-lobe, from the inside, x 6 ; 4, part of

corolla and androecium thrown open, natural size ; 5, tip of corolla-lobe from the

outside, x 2 ; 6, base of corolla- tube from the inside to show the insertion of the

stamens, x 3 ; 7, infructescence, natural size ; 8, fruit in longitudinal section

x 1*5; 9, seed, x 4.

62%

Tabula 3296.

BOUVARDIA CAPITATA Bullock.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Cinchoneae.

B. capitata Bullock ; species nova, floribus fructibusque sessilibus

capitato-glomeratis distinctissima.

Frutex ramosus, 1-2 m. altus ; rami teretes, primum crispato-

pubescentes, mox glabrati, cortice demum pallide pergamentaceo,

internodiis (ramulorum floriferorum) 3-6 cm. longis. Folia opposita,

breviter petiolata, late ovata, usque ad 7*5 cm. longa et 5 cm.

lata, apice acuta vel acutiuscule acuminata, basi plerumque late

rotundata vel truncata, interdum subcordata, nonnunquam breviter

cuneata, utraque pagina parce crispato-pubescentia, subtus praesertim

in nervis, le viter discoloria, nervis lateral ibus utrinsecus 3-4 acute

adscendentibus marginem versus tenuissimis arcuatis. petiolis pubes-

centibus circiter 3 mm. longis ; stipulae ut in icone (fig. 2) depictae.

Flores subsessiles, apice ramulorum dense capitato-glomerati, in

inflorescentias iterum atque iterum ternatim ramosas (ramis valde

contractis) dispositi ; singulae triades inflorescentiarum florumve

necnon singuli flores singulis vaginis bractealibus circumcinctae ;

pedunculus brevis vel subobsoletus ; bracteae exteriores foliaceae,

oppositae, basi vaginato-connatae, interiorum laminis gradatim

redactis et demum obsoletis. Calyx 4-lobatus, lobis erectis sub-

aequalibus triangulari-lanceolatis 5 mm. longis 1-1*5 mm. latis acutis

extra pubescentibus, tubo (hypanthio excluso) cylindrico 2 mm. longo ;

hypanthium minutum, subglobosum, glabrum. Corollae tubus 2 cm.

longus, lineari-cylindricus, apicem versus levissime ampliatus, extra

glaber, intus basin versus leviter puberulus ; lobi 4, cruciato-patentes,

oblongo-ovati, 6 mm. longi, extra levissime striguloso-puberuli.

Stamina 4, fauce inserta, inclusa ; filamenta filiformia, 0*5 mm. longa ;

antherae oblongae, 2 mm. longae, dorsifixae. Ovarium biloculare ;

ovula in loculis numerosa, placentis carnosis septo basin versus affixis.

Discus annularis, carnosus, leviter 4-crenatus. Stylus filiformis,

exsertus, 2 • 3 cm. longus ; stigmata 2, linearia, 1 • 5 mm. longa. Capsula

didyma, circiter 7 mm. diametro, loculicide dehiscens, apice calyce

persistente coronata, glabra, leviter reticulata. Semina numerosa,

nigra, disciformia, alata, cum ala 3 mm. diametro.

2

Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : Palmar, in a

barranca, plant 1 m. high, July 1934 (fh), Hinton 6319 (type) ; Ixtapan,

1000 m., by the river, shrub 2 m. high, Aug. 1932 (ft. jun.), Hinton

1268 ; Tejupilco, 1340 m., in oak woods, shrub 2 m. high, Nov. 1932

(fr.), Hinton 2657.

Bouvardia capitata is at once distinguished by its congested terminal

inflorescence, which is not closely paralleled by any other member of

the genus. The inflorescence is evidently a much contracted ternately

branched cyme, the middle “ branch ” at each forking being formed

by the main axis. Each flower is subtended by a membranous, more

or less fimbriate involucel (fig. 5), homologous with a pair of sheathing

stipules, the opposite leaf-laminae having become obsolete. The flowers

with their involucels are combined in threes into partial inflorescences

enclosed in a further larger involucel of similar form, as shown in fig. 4.

Here two rudimentary leaf- (or bract-) laminae are present. The partial

inflorescences are again combined in a similar manner, and again the

involucral leaves (bracts) increase in size at the expense of the sheathing

stipular base. This process is repeated until the bracts assume ordinary

leaf-form, and the stipular sheath is reduced proportionately. An

intermediate stage is shown at fig. 3. The minute bracteolar appendage

shown in fig. 5 is apparently not a constant feature.

Small lateral inflorescences are occasionally produced from the axils

of the uppermost pair of leaves, but this apparently is merely a case of

predevelopment of branches which would otherwise remain dormant

until the following year.

On the old stems of the specimens examined, three, four or five

branches arise from the same level, although in every case the leaves

on the young shoots are strictly opposite. This is due to the develop¬

ment of secondary buds at the extreme base of the axillary branches, so

that at later stages the branches appear to arise from the same node on

the main axis. Such buds can be seen in some cases.

The writer has been unable to find any really close affinity for B. capi¬

tala. Applying Standley’s key (in FI. N. Amer. xxxii. 100: 1921), it

falls within a group of species characterized by opposite (not whorled)

>road leaves, relatively large, spreading (not erect) corolla-lobes, and

glabrous or only slightly hairy corolla-tubes. It is not, however,

closely related to any of the thirty species enumerated by Standley.

A. A. Bullock.

/ tfixt'i k™110!1’ natural size ; 2, stipule, x 8; 3, part of an involucel

v • r l ; a Partial inflorescence, showing three calyces and an involucel,

n 0Ht‘(* in its involucel. and a bracteolar appendage, x 3;

stvle X l‘> • 8 pnrnllWe|r P,art of the 8ty*e, x 12 ; 7, stigmas and upper part of the

natural size • 10 <5pen to 8how the androeeium, x 3; 9, infructcacence,

natural size , 10, longitudinal section of an almost mature fruit, x 2; 11, seed, x 6.

'LcJ-i

Tabula 3297.

BOTJVABDIA CATAPHYLLABIS Bullock.

Rubtaceae. Tribus Cinceoneae.

B. cataphyllaris Bullock ; species nova, affinis B. versicolori Ker, sed

floribus majoribus paucioribus, corollae tubo extra distincte pubescente,

lobis suberectis obtusis, habitu stricto, internodiis ramulorum multo

longioribus recedit.

Frutex erectus, circiter 0*75 m. altiis ; rami annotini graciles, stricti,

cortice laevi griseo pergamcntaceo, internodiis 5-7 cm. longis, foliis

delapsis ; ramuli hornotini lateralcs, ex axillis foliorum delapsorum

orti, plerumque inflorescentiis terminati, usque ad 4*5 cm. longi sed

plerumque breviores, graciles, dense villoso-pubescentes, basi cata-

phyllis instructs Folia ramulorum per paria duo (rarissime tria)

disposita ; inferiora parva, subcataphyllaria, circiter 5-9 mm. longa ;

superiora lanceolata, vel anguste ovata, apice acuta, basi subcuneata

usque rotundata, 1*5-2 *5 cm. longa, 5-8 mm. lata, discoloria, subtus

albicantia, utraque pagina parce pubescentia, nervis lateralibus utrin-

secus 2-3 obliquis, petiolis brevissimis pubescentibus ; stipulae cum

petiolis vaginato-connatae, e basi subtruncata subulatae, parte libera

1 *5 mm. longa. Flores in cymas 3-5-floras terminates dispositi, inter-

dum ex axillis foliorum superiorum solitarii ; bracteae lineares, vel

lineari-lanceolatae et inferne valde angustatae, usque ad 1 - 3 cm. longae,

sed saepe minores et interdum filiformes vel subobsoletae ; braeteolae

nullae vel minutissimae ; pedicelli pubescentes, usque ad 4 mm.

longi. Calijx fere usque ad hypanthium subglobosum dense pubescens

in lobos 4 divisus ; lobi iineari-subulati, 3-4 mm. longi, parcissimc

pubescentes, interdum inaequales, nonnunquam bifidi. Corolla 3 cm.

longa, anguste cylindrica, extra pilis patentibus unicellularibus parce

induta, intus basin versus parce pilosa : lobi 4, erecti, oblongo-ovati

3 mm. lojigi, obtusi. Stamina fauce inserta ; filamenta 0*5 mm.

longa ; antherae inclusae, oblongae, utrinquc obtusac, 2*5 mm. longae.

Stylus inclusus, 2 cm. longus, flliformis ; stigmata oblongo-linearia,

J*75 mm. longa, erecto-subdivergentia. IXscus annularis, carnosus,

pubescens. Ovarium biloculare ; uvula in loculis numerosa, valde ap-

prcssa ; placentae septo basin versus pcltato-atfixae. Fructus non visi.

2

Mexico. Temascaltepec, District of Temascaltepec, State of

Mexico, a shrub 0-75 m. high, on a dry hill, 1780 m., 28 July 1932,

Hinton 1131.

Bouvardia cataphyllaris belongs to a very typical group of species

characterized by erect or suberect corolla-lobes, in striking contrast to

those of B. capitata , figured in plate 3296. It appears to be an

erect shrub with the ultimate branches strict and slender. The

flowering branches are lateral, arising from the axils of fallen leaves,

and normally consist of four internodes surmounted by a 3-5-flowered

simple cyme. The two lowest internodes are extremely short, and their

presence is indicated by two cataphyllary sheaths, the lower being split

into two parts, one on each side of the axis. The third internode is

longer, and the two leaves at its apex, although small, are rarely reduced

to the condition of cataphylls. The fourth internode is surmounted

by a pair of normal, fully developed leaves, which often have solitary

flowers in their axils. The axis continues for one internode as an

inflorescence rhachis, bearing at its apex a pair of bracts and three

pedicelled flowers. These bracts are often foliaceous, but are always

much smaller than the uppermost pair of leaves, and are sometimes

linear or even filiform. Filiform bracteoles sometimes occur on, the

pedicels or at the base of the hypanthium, but are not constant. The

calyx-lobes are sometimes very unequal and occasionally bifid.

A. A. Bullock.

Fig. 1, branch one year old, with flowering branchlets, natural size ; 2, node of

branch showing the basal cataphylls of two flowering branchlets, x 6 ; 3, lower

node of flowering branchlets, x 6 ; 4, subtending bract of flower, x 4 ; 5, calyx

and gynoecium, x 3 ; 6, hypanthium, most of the calyx removed to show the

disk, x 12 ; 7, corolla laid open, x 3.

J2J8

Tabula 3298.

basanacantha echinocarpa

et Moc. cx DC.) Bullock.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Gardenieae.

B. echinocarpa (Sesse et Moc . ex DC.) Bullock , comb. nov. Randia

echinocarpa, Sesse et Moc. ex DC. in DC. Prodr. iv. 385 (1830) ; Alph.

DC. Caiques Dess. FI. Mex. t. 469 (1874) ; Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer.,

Bot. ii. 40 (1881) ; Standi, in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, xxiii. 1374 (1926),

et in N. Amer. FI. xxxii. 163 (1934). Genipa echinocarpa (Sesal et

Moc. ex DC.) A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. xxi. 380 (1886).— Species

valde distincta, fructibus viridibus tuberculis elongatis angustisirregu-

laribus usque ad 2 cm. longis indutis.

Frutex ramosus, spinosus vel rarissiine inermis, usque ad 4 m. altus ;

ramuli floriferi robusti, plerumque primum dense pubcscentes, apice

spinis 4 patentibus 1-3 cm. longis vel interdum valde redactis ornati.

Folia brevissime petiolata, apice ramulorum floriferorum per paria 2-3

orta ; lamina elliptica vel ovata vel obovata, usque ad 10 cm. longa et

5 cm. lata, apice obtusa vel rotundata, interdum apiculata, basi obtuse

vel acute angustata vel cuneata, utraque pagina satis dense pubescens,

subtUB in nervis praesertim, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 6-8 ; stipulae

parvae, late ovatae, obtusae vel acuminatae, intus plus minusve pilosae.

Flores 5-6-meri, hermaphroditi vel polygamo-dioici, solitarii vel (teste

Standley) fasciculati, sessiles. Calyx extra sericeus; tubus (ovario

incluso) cvlindricus, leviter obliquus, circiter 9 mm. longus ; limbus

5-6-dentatus, dentibus filiformibus vel subulatis 3*5-4 mm. longis.

Corolla Hava ; tubus cylindricus, 2 *5-4 *5 cm. longus, extra appresse

pubescens, intus dimidio superiore inter stamina lineis pilorum ornatus.

Stamina inclusa vel apice tantum exserta ; filamenta brevia ; antherae

oblongae, 8 mm. longae, apice connectivo apiculato acutae, basi

obtusae, dorsifixae. Ovarium biloculare ; ovula in loculis numerosa.

Stylus filiformis, 2*5-3 cm. longus ; stigmata 2, linearia, 7-8 mm. longa.

Fructus depresso-globosus, circiter 7*5 cm. diametro et 5 cm. altus,

praetor umbonem terminalem excrescentiis subconicis plurialatis ct

planus aliformibus dense obtectus, totus dense hirsuto-velutinus.

Semina cornplanata, ambit u rhombica, 6 mm. longa ct lata ; embryo

satis magnus, cotyledonibus foliaceis orbiculuribus, radicula tcreti.

2

Mexico. “ Dry thickets and hillsides, Chihuahua and Sonora to

Guerrero and Veracruz ” — teste Standley.

District of Huetamo, State of Michoacan : Santa Cruz, Hinton

5965 ; Tacupa, Hinton 5970 ; Mai Paso, Hinton 7121, 7875. District

of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : Tejupilco, Hinton 7154, 7817 ;

Limones, Hinton 7840 ; Bejucos, Hinton 7882 ; Cafiitas, Hinton

7890 ; Chorrera, Hinton 7903. District of Coyuca, State of Guerrero :

Pungarabato, Hinton 7241, 7852, 7855 (same plant as 7241) ;

Balderrama, Hinton 7844 ; Coyuca, Hinton 7867. Flowering April-

June, fruiting December-April.

Vernacular name : “ Cirian Chino.”

Although Basanacantha echinocarpa appears to be widely distributed

in Mexico, it was represented at Kew by only two rather poor specimens

( Palmer, , 1885 coll., and Palmer , 1887 coll., no. 106) until Mr. G. B.

Hinton’s excellent material came to hand. The only figure of this

species hitherto published is very poor, and is inaccessible to the

majority of students.

The writer agrees with Prof. Bremekamp (Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl.

xxxi. 265 : 1934) in maintaining Basanacantha as a genus distinct from

Bandia , which should be interpreted in the strict Linnean sense, with

B. aculeata L. as the standard-species of a comparatively small and

entirely American genus. The name of the present plant is accordingly

changed to Basanacantha echinocarpa , in spite of the fact that the

flowers, as shown by Mr. Hinton’s specimens, are not alwrays dioecious.

Mr. Hinton states that variability in this species is not pronounced

in his area (i.e. Temascaltepec, Mexico, Huetamo, Michoacan, and

Coyuca, Guerrero), where the plant is frequent at altitudes below

1300 m. The seed, which is embedded in pulp, is edible, while the

shell of the fruit is used medicinally. — A. A. Bullock.

2 I?’ 1* yPPer part of flowering shoot, showing a hexamerous flower, natural size ;

natu • a PentameroU8 flower, x 2 ; 3, corolla of a hexamerous flower, laid open,

jj i ra stamen, abaxial view, x 4; 5, longitudinal section of ovary and

a v/o l??Pep Part of style, natural size ; 7, fruiting branch, natural size ;

* 1 * longitudinal section of seed, x 2.

C 729?

Tabula 3299.

GENTIANA SALPINX Griseb.

Gentianaceae. Tribus Swertieae.

G. (§ Pneumonanthe) salpinx Griseb. in Linnaea, xxii. 44 (1849);

Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. ii. 351 (1882) ; Kusn. in Act. Hort!

Petrop. xv. 181 (in clavi) et 185 (descr. et obs. crit.) et pp. var. in obs.

(1904). G. calyculata Ehrenb. MS. in Herb. Berol., non La LI. et Lex.

Nov. Veg. fasc. i. 18 (182 4) .--Species insignis, formosa, G. calyculatae

La LI. et Lex. affinis, sed floribus rubris, corollae tubo calycem duplo

superante distincta ; a ceteris speciebus Pneumonanthcs aberrans, ad

sectionem Coelanthen accedens, sed foliis minoribus marginibus

scabriusculis, calyce scabriusculo facile ab ea distinguenda.

Herba erecta, usque ad 1 m. (plerumque circiter 7 dm.) alta, perennis ;

caules simplices, minutissime scabriusculi sed ceterum glabri, internodiis

superioribus 5-7 cm. longis inferioribus gradatim brevioribus. Folia

opposita, lanceolata vel oblonga vel ovata, 3-6 cm. longa, 1-2*5 cm.

lata, apice acuta vel acuminata, basi angustata, in vaginam 2-4 mm.

longam connata, 3-nervia, sub anthesin marcescentia, marginibus

minutissime scabriusculis; paria inferiora cataphyllaria ad vaginam

bilobam redacta (vel forsan laminae foliorum inferiorum delapsae?).

Flores rubri, praetcr terminalem ex axillis foliorum superiorum

redactorum orti, brevissimc pedicellati vel sessiles, supremi in cymam

paucifloram aggregati ; bracteolae binae, basi connatae, calycem

amplectentes eumque subaequantes, anguste lanceolatae, dense

minutissime scabriusculae, circiter 1*5 cm. longae. Calycis tubus

campanulatus vel tubuloso-cupularis, 1 cm. altus, 0*5 cm. diametro,

apice inter lacinias truncatus vel 5-denticulatus, extra praeter

partes interstitiales V-formes minutissime scabriusculus, intus glaber ;

laciniae 5, lineares, usque 1 cm. longae, minutissime scabriusculae.

CorolUi tota circiter 4 cm. longa, tubo 1 cm. diametro, glandulis paucis

(resinosis?) punctata; tubus verus 2*5 cm. longus sed, ob partes in-

feriores loborum crectas plicis apice inaequaliter bidentatis 3-4 mm.

longis cohaerentes, primo visu circiter 3 cm. longus ; plicae mcm-

branaceae, bidentatae ac in aestivatione plicatae (fig. 6) ; lobi 5,

alabastro contorti, superne obovati, 7 mm. lati, apice rotundati sed

2

apiculis subulatis circiter 1 ram. longis ornati, partibus superioribus

o do vat is sub anthesin reflexis, toti 1-5 cm. longi, intus minutissirae

papiiiosi. Filamenta applanata, circiter 2*5 cm. longa, glabra, circiter

I cm. supra basin, tubi affixa. Antherae lineares, 4-4-5 mm.' longae,

basin versus dorsifixae, valde exsertae. Discus cupuliformis, crenulato-

lobatus. Ovarium fere 2-5 cm. longum, anguste cylindricum, apice

acute angustatum, circiter 1 mm. stipitatum ; stylus spiraliter tortus,

exsertus, 1 cm. longus, apice bifidus, ramis primum erectis cohaerentibus

demum divergentibus. Capsula corolla et calyce persistentibus cir-

cumcmcta, longe stipitata, semi-exserta ; stipes crassus, 2-2*5 cm.

ongus, medio vel apicem versus demum abrupte sigmoideo-reflexus,

( orollae tubo sigmoideo vel interdum unilateraliter rupto ; capsula

pendula, fusiformis, complanata, 2-2*5 cm. longa, 5-7 mm. lata, apice

stylo persistence coronata, demum secus placentas valvis 2 perga-

mentaceis naviculiformibus dehiscens, marginibus val varum le viter

lecurvis cartilagineis. Semina brunneo-albicantia, numerosissima,

subtusiformia, apice acuta, basi truncata, 2*5 mm. longa, basin versus

. Irjm- lata> testa membranacea utrinque producta, lineata, minute

reticulata ; albumen cum embryone minutum, pallide brunneum,

ovoideum.

Mexico. District of Temascaltepec, State of Mexico : “ In sylvis

reg. temp., floribus sanguineis pulchris, April

„ ■ C\ Ehrenberg 450 (typus in Herb. Berol.) ; Temascaltepec,

Escape ? 30 March 1932, Hinton 459 ; Rincon, 1960 m., “ in oak

woods, 19 April 1933, Hinton 3707 ; Naranjo, 860 m., “ in a wet

anr^T10-8'’ JJowers red,” 21 April 1933, Hinton 3810; between Cumbre

and Tejupilco, 31 May 1935 (fr.), Hinton 7837.

()nj f ar ,can ascertained, Gcntiana salpinx was previously known

Berlin °TT c°dection, preserved as three excellent sheets in the

1831 and was discovered by Ehrenberg in April

same dUfrio+V *ire2ia8 ^een made from specimens collected in the

ovTr arpn+n y,Mr- G- B- Hinton in March 1932 and April 1933-just

the first ti»v?r^ remarkable capsule, described above for

species lnc^uded in Mr. Hinton’s latest collection of the

S taonZl th' l)late ™ mde.

There seem* c,P°®ltlon of Gcntiana salpinx is somewhat isolated,

placing it nca ^ Gri^bach and Kusnezow wore correct in

On the other hand theVerTfl^ L1‘ et Lex > in the section PneumomrUhe.

recall the section Coelanthr^A W'th tbeir exserted stamens, at once

connecting link between the t *alPinx ma7 perhaps be cited as a

however, especially that of tt,W°..8e^lons- In general flower structure,

in the peculiar scabridity of tL i P, ” <8ee fi8s- 6-7)> in habit> and

typical member of the section p marSlas (fig. 4) and calyx, it is a

usually found in the section Coeluta?™0™711!*' 0PPosing characters

leaves, with a persistent basal rosette larger’ thin'y herbace0U8

3

The writer is much indebted to the authorities at the Berlin

Herbarium for the loan of Ehrenberg’s type collection.

A. A. Bullock.

Figs. 1 and 2, upper and middle portions of the same flowering stem, natural

size ; 3, lower portion of a different (flowering) stem, natural size ; 4, leaf margin,

x 20 ; 5, calyx, x 1*5; 6, corolla, opened out, the lobes on the right being in

their natural relative positions, and those on the left stretched apart so as to show

the plicae, natural size ; 7, portion of corolla from the inside, showing plicae, x 3 ;

8, stamens, front and back views, x 3 ; 9, ovary, x 1*6: all drawn from

Hinton 3810.

»

JJOO

Tabula 3300.

CEPHAELIS POTAROENSIS Sandvrith.

Rubiaceae. Tribus Psychotrieae.

C. potaroensis Sandwith ; species nova, C. Duckei Standley affinis,

ramulis adpresse pilosis pilis stricte ascendentibus (baud villosis pilis

deorsum directis), involucro e bracteis 4-5 flores 1-3 tantum subten-

dentibus constituto distinguenda.

Frutex usque 5 m. altus ; ramuli summi teretcs vel novelli plus

minusve sulcati, dense adpresse pilosi, pilis stricte ascendentibus ;

nodi summi saepe formam turbinatam praebentes. Stipulae vagina

truncata integra ad 2 mm. longa, dentibus vel appendicibus utroque

latere 2 lineari-subulatis ad 2 mm. longis per vaginam petiolos versus

decurrentibus instructae. Folia oblanceolata vel varie elliptica, apice

longe acute acuminata, basi attenuata cuneata, 5-13 cm. longa, 1-5*2 cm.

lata, chartacea, satis tenuia, utrinque et praecipue secus nervos princi-

pales adpresse pilosa, nervis primariis utroque latere costae 9-10 e

costa angulo acuto arcuatim ascendentibus atque marginem versus

anastomosantibus, secundariis plus minusve horizontalibus, omnibus

utrinque praesertim subtus prominulis, venulis tertiariis vix obviis ;

petiolus 0*5-1 *5 cm. longus, indumcnto ramulorum adpresso praeditus.

Involucra apice ramulorum solitaria, subsessilia, basi foliis binis valde

redactis vel etiam minutis albo-squamiformibus lanceolato-subulatis

subtenta ; bracteae involucri 4 (rarissime 5), cruciatim per paria saepius

inaequalia (interiora angustiora) dispositae, primo ascendentes mox

patulae vel recurvae, laete aurantiacae, serius rubescentes, elliptico-

lanceolatae usque late ovatae, acutae, basi abrupte contractae ac ibi

tantum connatae, magnitudine formaque valde variabiles, 1 *8-3*5 cm.

longae, 0*5-1 *5 cm. latae, utrinque praesertim extra molliter sub-

adpresse pilosae, palmatim 7-13-nerviae sed nervis siccitate saepe vix

obviis. Flores heterostyli, capitati, in dichasio simplici sessili trifloro

dispositi, sed vulgo flos terminalis singulusque lateralis tantum (vel

etiam flos terminalis tantum) evolvuntur ; bracteae bracteolaequo

vulgo desunt sed bracteola unica lineari-oblonga pubescens 7 mm.

longa 1 mm. lata sub flore unico laterali (vide fig. 3) est inventa.

Receptaculum compresso-cupuliforme, extra dense villosuin, ab ovario

satis facile sejunctum, 1-1 *5 mm. longum, apice 2 mm. latum. Calyx

cylmdrico-tubularis, 5-dentatus, senectute saepe fere usque dimidium

2

fissus, dentibus inclusis 1-1*5 cm. longus, 5-5*5 mm. latus, extra dense

adpresse pilosus, intus dimidio superiore adpresse pilosus inferne glaber

vel glabrescens ; dentes inferne late deltoidei, turn abrupte subulati

acuti, valde ciliato-pilosi, 2-2*5 mm. longi, basi circiter 1*5 mm. lati.

Corolla alba, demum flavescens, heteromorpha, tubularis vel maturitate

hypocrateriformis lobis plus minusve patulis ; tubus 2-2*6 cm. longus,

floris longistyli quam brevistyli brevior, 5 mm. latus, extra dense

patule albo-villosus triente inferiore excepta, intus minutissime

papillosus necnon 2-3 mm. (in flore brevistylo altius, 3 mm.) supra basin

zona vel annulo pilorum 2-3 mm. lato praeditus ; lobi 5, valvati,

anguste oblongo-lanceolati, obtusi, circiter 5*5 mm. longi, 1 *6-2*2 mm.

lati, extra densissime albo-villosi, intus minutissime papillosi. Stamina

in flore brevistylo prope faucem alte inserta antheris exsertis, in flore

longistylo prope medium tubum inserta antheris inclusis ; filamenta

complanata, minutissime papillosa, 2-3*75 mm. longa (in flore brevi¬

stylo quam in longistylo longiora), 0*6-1 *2 mm. lata ; antherae lineari-

oblongae, apiculatae, 4-5 mm. longae. Ovarium compresso-cupuli-

forme, 1*5 mm. altum, 1-75-2 mm. latum; discus glaber, 1-2 mm.

altus, 1*5-3 *5 mm. latus, in flore longistylo quam in brevistylo major.

Stylus glaber, in flore longistylo corollam subaequans, stigmatibus plus

minusve oblongis circiter 2 mm. longis ; in flore brevistylo 1*3 cm.

tantum longus, stigmatibus linearibus 3 mm. longis. Drupa globosa,

adulta caerulea, dense adpresse pilosa, 1*2-1 -5 cm. longa, 1*2-1 *4 cm.

diametro; pyrena circiter 8-5 mm. longa, 7 mm. lata, facie convexa

4-costata, facie plana longitudinaliter anguste leviter (haud profunde)

sulcata.

British Guiana. Scattered along the Potaro River and its

tributaries: Waratuk Portage, 60 m., Aug. 1933, Tutin 470 (type:

Brit. Mus., Kew Herb.) ; ibid., Oct. 1898, Jenman 7458 ; ibid., March

1933, Martyn 390 ; May 1935, Mrs. McTurk in Martyn 423 ; Nov.

1907, Bartlett in Jenman Herb. no. 8746 ; May 1910, Jenman Herb.

no. 8804 ; Feb. 1879, im Thurn ; Sheenabowa, Sept.-Oct. 1881,

Jenman 1286 ; Kangaruma, Oct. 1922, Abraham 341 ; Cawaie Creek,

thenapowu River, 420 m., April 1926, Altson

Kopinang River, 540 m., April 1926, Altson 486 ;

Appun (Brit. Mus.).

hrom the evidence of field-notes the plant is

to lo feet in height; the involucral bracts

ye <>w, beaming dark red after flowering; the calyx is greenish or

ye ow, wi h the teeth purple ; the corolla white or cream when young,

anT bright bhie 1 alm°8t orange with age ; and the ripe fruit is shining

Alteon aCUlar name (Patamona dialect) : “ Wailehu-Yek,” according to

458 ; Anandabaru,

Kaietuk Falls, 1872,

a small shrub from

are a vivid orange-

This shrub of many gaudy colours is one of the most striking of the

remarkable species which appear to be confined to the valley of the

3

Potaro River in British Guiana. Few travellers have failed to notice

it and dried specimens have been accumulating for many years, but

without ripe fruit it was impossible to assign the plant to any known

genus, although the large coloured bracts of the involucre suggested

Cephaelis in the wide sense. Mr. T. G. Tutin, who took part in the

Cambridge University Expedition to British Guiana in 1933, has made

the present description and figure possible by his collection of spirit

material of the large blue fruits. A close examination of the plant

shows that it is nearer to Cephaelis as understood by most authors than

to any other known genus, and it runs down to Cephaelis in Wernkam’s

Key to Tropical American Rubiaceae in Journ. Bot. liv. 326-334 (1916).

Moreover a close allv has been discovered in Cephaelis Duckei Standley

in Field Museum, Publ. Bot. viii. 374 (1931), a plant of forests near the

mouth of the Amazons in the State of Para, Brazil, and represented

at Kew by a photograph of the type and by a duplicate specimen of

the type collection (Ducke 18828). It is unfortunate that Standley ’s

description leaves out several important details of floral structure, and

that the Kew material is insufficient for dissection, but it is obvious

at a glance that it must be associated with C. potaroensis , and no other

species has been seen which presents any such affinity. C. Duckei has

the leaves, stipules, orange-coloured bracts and large shaggy white

corollas of the British Guiana species, but is easily distinguished by the

villous branchlets with spreading, downward directed hairs, and by the

possession of a less reduced inflorescence. This, in the Kew specimen,

is composed of 8 involucral bracts which surround 4 flowers ; but it is

almost certain that more than 4 will be found in future specimens.

On the other hand, in all the numerous specimens of C. potaroensis the

involucre is normally composed of 4 (very rarely of 5) bracts, and the

inflorescence is a reduced simple sessile dichasium of 1-3 flowers.

Up to the year 1934 this plant might well have been placed in

Cephaelis without further hesitation, but in that year there appeared

an extremely important account, accompanied by a separate paper

with critical notes, of the Rubiaceae of Surinam (FI. Surinam,

iv. 113-298; Rec. Trav. Bot. N6erl. xxxi. 248-308). In this the

author, Prof. C. E. B. Bremekamp, gives an original and necessarily

revolutionary treatment of the genera of the Psychotrieae . The

Psychotria and Cephaelis of Bentham and Hooker’s Genera Plantarum

are broken up into a number of new or revived genera, and the result

a far more natural grouping of species with similar facies and habit

than was attained by Muller of Argau in the Flora Brasiliensis (1881)

or by K. Schumann in the Pflanzenfamilien (1891). A large number of

characters have been used in the key, drawn from many parts of the

plant, and it is obvious that, if they are by no means of equal value,

t oy are at any rate based upon important morphological considerations.

eP re^cnt plant has been carefully studied in relation to this valuable

wor which, it must be remembered, is concerned only with species

occurring in Surinam. It differs

(a) *rom restricted Cephaelis Sw. in the absence of bracts and

4

bracteoles from the individual flowers (a single bract or bracteole has

been found in one instance) ; in the ring of hairs near the base of the

corolla-tube ; and in the shallow furrow on the flat side of the pyrene.

Perhaps one may add the different position of the stamens in the long-

styled (near the middle of the tube) and short-styled (near the throat)

flowers, since Bremekamp describes the insertion of the stamens of

Cephaelis as “ inserted midway in the tube.”

(b) From restricted Psychotria L. in the form of the inflorescence,

and in the ring of hairs near the base of the corolla-tube.

(c) From Palicourea Aubl. in the form of the inflorescence, and in

the corolla-tube which is not swollen unilaterally near the base although

it possesses a ring of hairs.

(d) From Schumann’s Uragoga L., sections Hiantocalyx and Codono-

calyxy in the normal absence of bracteoles and of a second series of

bracts, in the form of the calyx, and in the ring of hairs at the base of

the corolla-tube.

Other genera were much less closely allied, both in facies and in

taxonomic characters. It became apparent that the nearest generic

affinity of the Potaro Valley plant was with Cephaelis (sensu stricto),

and this conclusion has been provisionally accepted by Prof.

Bremekamp to whom the above description, with notes, was submitted.

He believes, however, that the absence of bracts and bracteoles, the

shallowness of the furrow on the flat side of the pyrene, and the small

number of flowers in the inflorescence would justify the creation of a

new genus.

The present writer does not feel qualified to take this step. In the

first place, a proper generic description could not be drawn up without

a thorough investigation of the morphology of the inflorescence of

Cephaelis Duckei , which is certainly congeneric, but adequate material

of that species is not yet available. Secondly, if — as one hopes — Prof.

Brcmekamp’s researches are to be extended to cover the whole of the

lropical American Psychotrieae , a thorough examination of all the

described species must be undertaken, before the differential value

of morphological characters for taxonomic purposes can be completely

understood. It might be discovered, for instance, that several other

species with few large flowers which have been placed without adequate

description in Cephaelis will help to constitute a new or revived genus

by the side of C. poiaro'ensis and C. Duckei. On the other hand, a slight

re-widening of the limits of some genera might be found desirable or

at any rate convenient. It is evident that only a specialist in Rubiaceae

wi lave the requisite knowledge and time for this work and, accord¬

ingly, the 1 otaro Val ey plant is described and figured for the present

as a species of Cephaelis N. y. Sand with.

x 3 ; 3, calyx and a ij'teole, J T i ,'hort “t U 7 P, d -

5, stamen from short-styled fWr, x’4 ’ „ Wf6' ^ open, x 1-5 ;

7 ovary and disk, x 6? 8. fruit, Plural fl°T ‘"d 1

shallow furrow, x 2 ; 10, same, showing ibbti flat 8‘d6 ^

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