Iberus

Suplemento 6

QL

401

.1123

INVZ

REVISTA DE LA

SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA

DE MALACOLOGÍA

Vigo, noviembre 2014

Iberus

Revista de la

Sociedad Española de Malacología

Comité de Redacción (Board of Editors)

Editor de Publicaciones (Editor-iu-Chief)

Serge Gofas Universidad de Málaga, España

Director de Redacción (Executive Editor)

Gonzalo Rodríguez Casero Mieres del Camino, Asturias, España

Editora Ejecutiva (Managing Editor)

Eugenia M° Martínez Cueto-Felgueroso Mieres del Camino, Asturias, España

Editores Adjuntos (Associate editors)

Iberus gualtieranus (Linnaeus, 1758), una especie emblemática de la península Ibérica, que da

nombre a la revista. Dibujo realizado por José Luis González Rebollar “Toza”.

Iberus

REVISTA DE LA

SOCIEDAD ESPAÑOLA

DE MALACOLOGÍA

Suplemento 6

Noviembre 2014

Iberus

Revista de la

Sociedad Española de Maiacoiogía

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Los resúmenes de los artículos editados en esta revista se publican en Aquatic Science

and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) y en el Zoological Records, BIOSIS.

Contents list published in Aquatic Science and Fisheries Abstracts and Zoological Records,

BIOSIS.

Dep. Leg. M- 17439-20 14

ISSN 0212-3010

Diseño y maquetación: Gonzalo Rodríguez

Impresión: Feito S.L. - Vigo

Table of contents

Pistes

1- Map . . .

2- Type species, operculum, radula

3- microsculpture .

4- global comparison 1 .

5- global comparison 2 . .

6~ global comparison 3 . .

7- global comparison 4 .

8“ global comparison 5 . . .

GROUP 1

9 -Anticlimax faviformis spec. nov. New Caledonia ......

10 / 11- Anticlimax simulans spec. nov. Philippines, PNGuinea

12 -Anticlimax umbiliglabra spec. nov. Philippines. ......

GROUP 2

13 / 14“ Anticlimax fecunda spec. nov. New Caled., Vanuatu .

1 5-Anticlimax robusta spec. nov. Philippines .

16 / 17- Anticlimax infaceta spec. nov. Philippines .......

18- Anticlimax bicornis spec. nov. Solomon. . .

19 - Anticlimax singularis spec. nov. Philippines .

20 - Anticlimax puncticulata spec. nov. Philippines .

21 -Anticlimax bicarinata spec. nov. Vanuatu . .

22 / 23- Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. Fiji . . .

24 / 25- Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. Philippines .

GROUP 3

26- Anticlimax reinaudi spec. nov. Vanuatu . .

7.7 -Anticlimax serrata spec. nov. Vanuatu . . . .

28 / 29== Anticlimax tamarae spec. nov. Solomon, Philippines .

30 / 31” Anticlimax aitormonzoi spec. nov. Philippines .

32/ 34 -Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. Philippines, PNGuinea .

35 / 37 -Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. Philippines, PNGuinea.

38 - Anticlimax elata spec. nov. Philippines . .

39 - Aníiclirnax solomonensis spec. nov. Solomon ........

40“ Anticlimax fastigata spec. nov. PNGuinea . .

41 -Anticlimax rhinoceros spec. nov. PNGuinea .

GROUP 4

42-Anticlimax textilis spec. nov. New Caledonia .

43/ 44» Anticlimax vanuatuensis spec. nov. Vanuatu . . . . . .

45- Anticlimax levis spec. nov. Philippines . . .

46- Anticlimax spiralis spec. nov. Vanuatu .

47- Anticlimax simplex spec. nov. Vanuatu ...........

48 - Anticlimax uniformis spec. nov. Philippines . .

49 / 50- Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov. Philippines .

51 / 52 -Anticlimax philippinensis spec. nov. Philippines ....

53- Anticlimax imitatrix spec. nov. Solomon . .

GROUP 5

54 - Anticlimax tentorii spec. nov. Vanuatu . .

55 / 56- Anticlimax discus spec. nov. Philippines, Vanuatu . .

57 / 58- Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov Fiji, Philippines . . .

59- Anticlimax globulus spec. nov PNGuinea .

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73

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GROUP 6

60 ¡ 61- Anticlimax boucheti spec. nov. New Caledonia . . 95

62 / 63- Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov. PNGuinea, Philippines . 98

64- Anticlimax simplicissima spec. nov. PNGuinea . . 98

65- Anticlimax virginiae spec. nov. Vanuatu . . . 102

UNGROUPED SPECIES

66- Anticlimax religiosa spec. nov. Philippines . 104

67 / 68- Anticlimax obesa spec. nov. Philippines, PNGuinea . 104

69 / 71- Anticlimax juanae spec. nov. New Caledonia, Philippines ...... 108

OTHER SPECIES STUDIED

72- Anticlimax cf. rostrata (Hedley, 1900) PNGuinea . 112

73- Anticlimax sp. PNGuinea . . . . . 114

1 4- Anticlimax niasensis (Thiele, 1925) Indonesia, Sumatra . . . . 114

75- Anticlimax padangensis (Thiele, 1925) Indonesia, Sumatra. . 116

76- Vitrinella arifca (Bartsch, 1915) . . 118

© Sociedad Española de Malacología

Iberus, Suplemento 6: 1-126, 2014

The family Tornidae in the tropical Southwest Pacific: the

genus Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 (Gastropoda,

Truncatelloidea) with the description of 42 new species

La familia Tornidae en el Suroeste del Pacífico Tropical: el género

Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea)

con la descripción de 42 especies nuevas

Federico RUBIO* & Emilio ROLÁN**

Recibido el 15-1-2014. Aceptado el 4-X-2014

RESUMEN

Se estudian las especies de la familia Tornidae, género Anticlimax Pilsbry y McGinty,

1 946, del suroeste del Pacífico tropical, recolectadas durante las expediciones Tropical

Deep-Sea Benthos, dirigidas por IRD y MNHN, en Nueva Galedonia, Vanuatu, Fiyi, las

Islas Salomón, Filipinas y Papua-Nueva Guinea. En total han sido estudiadas 44 especies,

tanto de aguas superficiales como profundas, resultando 42 nuevas para la ciencia.

Cada una de las especies se ilustra mediante fotografías al microscopio electrónico de

barrido, discutiendo su variabilidad específica, cuando esto es posible, aportando datos

sobre el hábitat, distribución geográfica y rango batimétrico. Se aportan por vez primera

datos de la rádula y del opérculo en el género, relativos a la especie Anticlimax maranii y

datos anatómicos relativos a la especie Anticlimax cf. cyclist. Se comentan otras especies

relacionadas o próximas a este género. El género Can i marina Aguayo y Borro, 1 946 y el

género Lioprora Laseron, 1958 son considerados sinónimos de Anticlimax. Las especies

Cyclostremiscus (Canimarina) crassilabris Aguayo y Borro, 1946, Anticlimax glabra

Rubio, Rolán y Pelorce, 201 1 y Lioprora rostrata ¡Hedley, 1900), situadas previamente en

el género Canimarina, son transferidas en el presente trabajo al género Anticlimax. Se

ilustran por vez primera Discopsis niasensis Thiele, 1925 y Discopsis padangensis Thile,

1925, se aportan nuevos datos taxonómicos y se transfieren junto con Adeorbis cari na tus

A. Adams, 1 863 al género Anticlimax.

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on the Tornidae of genus Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 from the

tropical Southwest Pacific, collected during the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos expeditions con-

ducted by IRD and MNHN in New Celedonia, Vanuatu, Fiji, the Solomon Islands, the

Philippines and Papua New Guinea. Forty four species, from shallow to deep water, have

been studied, with forty two being new for Science. Each species is iliustrated by scanning

electrón microscope phoíographs, discussing its specific variability when this is possible,

and providing information about its habitat, geographical distribution and bathymetric

range. Data regarding the radula and operculum are presented for the first time for the

genus, regarding the species Anticlimax maranii , and so are anatómica! data regarding

* Pintor Ribera 4- 16a, 46930 Quart de Poblet (Valencia), Spain

** Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad de Santiago, Parque Vista Alegre, Campus norte, 15782 Santiago

de Compostela, Spain

1

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Anticlimax cf. cyclist. Other species similar or related to this genus are studied. The genera

Canimarina Aguayo & Borro, 1946 and Lioprora Laseron, 1958 are considered to be

synonyms of Anticlimax. Cyclostremiscus (Canimarina) crassilabris Aguayo & Borro,

1946, Anticlimax glabra Rubio, Rolán & Pelorce, 201 1 and Lioprora rostrata (Hediey,

1 900), previously placed in genus Canimarina, are here transferred to genus Anticlimax.

Discopsis niasensis Thiele, 1 925 and Discopsis padangensis Thiele, 1 925 are illustrated

for the first time, new taxonomic data are reported and, together with Adeorbis connotas

A. Adams, 1 863 they are transferred to genus Anticlimax.

INTROBUCTXGN

The family Tornidae Sacco, 1896

comprises a very heterogeneous group

of molluscs resulting from the fusión by

synonymy of tornids and vitrinellids

proposed by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).

Species of tornids and vitrinellids are

very similar in soft anatomy and radula

as was shown in Rolan & Rubio (2002)

in their report on the Tornidae of the

east Atlantic.

Vaught (1989) placed the genus

Anticlimax in Vitrinellidae. Criscione &

Ponder (2013) placed Tornidae in Trun-

catelloidea; after a phylogenetic analysis

of 43 species representing 14 of the 23

families previously included in Ris-

sooidea, and of all the families of Cingu-

lopsoidea, reached the conclusión that

Tornidae, represented by two genera

( Circulus and Pseudoliotia ), is mono-

phyletic, with Nozeba (family Iravadi-

idae) being sister group to the Tornidae.

The operculum is one the characters

which can be employed for distinguí sh~

ing tornids from vitrinellids (Bieler &

Mikkelsen, 1988). Rubio & Rolán

(2011) mention in the remarks on the

taxonomic position of the genus Discop¬

sis , that the operculum of the African

species of Torninae, when it could be

observed, is oval and paucispiral, with a

subcentral nucleus [Tornus subcarinatus

(Montagu, 1803), Tornus leloupi Adams

& Knudsen. 1969, Discopsis apertus

Rolán & Rubio, 2002 and Ponderinella

skeneoides Rolán & Rubio, 2002]. Con-

versely, the known Atlantic species of

Circulinae, Teinostomatinae and Vit-

rinellinae have a circular operculum,

multispiral and with a central nucleus

[Circulus striatus (Philippi, 1836), Teinos-

toma cocolitoris Pilsbry & McGinty, 1945,

Cyclostremiscus calameli (Jousseaume,

1872), Cochliolepis parasítica Stimpson,

1858].

According to Bouchet & Rocroi

(2005), the family Tornidae comprises

four subfamilies: Torninae Sacco, 1896;

Circulinae Fretter & Graham, 1962;

Teinostomatinae Cossmann, 1917; and

Vitrinellinae Bush, 1897. In the subfam-

ily Torninae are included the genera

previously placed in synonymy of

Tornus, the subfamily Circulinae only

ineludes the genus Circulus, the Teinos-

tomatinae only the genus Teinostoma,

and the Vitrinellinae groups together

the other genera formerly included in

the family Vitrinellidae Bush, 1897, here

considered a subfamily. This classifica-

tion will be employed in the present

work.

The genus Anticlimax Pilsbry &

McGinty, 1946 is formed by very small

species which have a characteristic

shape, which is very variable in general

structure and microsculpture.

Rubio, Fernandez-Garcés &

Rolán (2011) studied 101 species of the

family Tornidae in the Caribbean and

neighbouring areas, of which 8 are in

genus Anticlimax and one was a new

species.

The genus exists in the West

Atlantic, where the mentioned 8 Recent

species are known, and in the Pacific

Ocean, where only 4 species were found

in the literature and 2 more were placed

in other genera.

Previously to the present work the 6

species known from the Indian and

Pacific Oceans were collected, 2 in the

West coast of America, ariother 2 in

Sumatra, 1 in Japan and 1 in Australia.

2

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

% (&

Figure 1. Location of cruises in the Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos programme and satellite cruises. 1,

New Caledonia; 2, Vanuatu; 3, Wallis and Futuna; 4, Fiji; 5, Tonga; 6, Solomon Islands; 7, Papua-

New Guinea; 8, Philippines.

Figura . 1. Situación de las expediciones del programa Tropical Deep-Sea Benthos y afines. 1, Nueva

Caledonia; 2, Vanuatu; 3, Wallis y Futuna; 4, Fiyi; 5, Tonga; 6 \ Islas Salomón ; 7, Papua-Nueva

Guinea; 8, Filipinas.

MATERIALS AND METHOD5

In the present work, we studied the

species of tornids of the genus Anticlimax

Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 from different

oceanographic campaigns carried out by

the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle

(hereafter MNHN) in the Tropical South

Pacific (referred in Bouchet, Heros,

Lozouet & Maestrati 2008). These are

detailed as follows:

- MONTROUZIER (1993), a land-

based expedition carried out on the sites

of Touho (East coast of New Caledonia)

and Koumac (West coast), named in

honour of R.R Montrouzier, a pioneer in

the description of the New Caledonian

micromolluscs.

- BATHUS 1-4 (1993-94) on board

R/V Alis around New Caledonia

proper, and on the Norfolk and Loyalty

Ridges.

- MUSORSTOM 8 (1994) on board

R/V Alis , in the Vanuatu Archipelago.

- MUSORSTOM 10 cruise (1998) on

board R/V Alis in the Fijian Archipelago.

- LIFOU (2000) (Biodiversity Work-

shop), a land-based research campaign

at Lifou (Loyalty Islands Province).

- SALOMON 1 (2001) on board R/V

Alis in the central part of the Solomon

Islands, from Guadalcanal to Malaita

and Makira.

- PANGLAO (2004) (Panglao Marine

Biodiversity Project), a land-based expe¬

dition the Central Philippines: Panglao,

Dauis, Cortes, Tagbilaran and Baclayon.

- PANGLAO (2005) on board MV

DA-BFAR explored and researched the

deep-sea fauna of the Bohol and Sulu

Seas.

- SANTO (2006) (Global Biodiversity

Survey) a land-based expedition in the

waters of Espiritu Santo Island in

Vanuatu.

- AURORA (2007) also on board MV

DA-BFAR explored the northeastern

Philippines.

3

Iberus, Suplemento 6, 2014

- PAPUA NIUGINI (2012), a land-

based expedition in the waters of

Madang, Papua New Guinea and on

board R/V Alis.

Materials used in this study were

obtained by the above mentioned

oceanographic expeditions in shallow

and deep water of New Caledonia,

Vanuatu, Fiji, the Solomon and the

Philippine Islands. A map of the

sampled area is presented in Figure 1.

For most of the Tropical Deep-Sea

Benthos cruises, station numbers are pre¬

ceded by a two-letter prefix that refers to

the type of gear used: CC, chalut á crevettes

(shrimp trawl); CH, chalut commercial

(otter trawl); CP, chalut á perche (beam

trawl); DR, drague á roche (rock dredge);

DW, drague Warén (Warén dredge). Since

1985, all stations in the main

MUSORSTOM cruise series are numbered

consecutively (now o ver 3,000), but many

satellite expeditions have used their own

numbering system starting with 1.

On a steep slope, depth intervals for

a single haul can span several hundred

meters. As a consequence, when sum-

marizing the bathymetric range of a

species, we take the inner valúes of the

deepest and shallowest stations, as there

is no evidence that the species occurs

beyond these valúes. For instance, if a

species has been collected at 4 stations

e.g. 582-594 m, 693-811 m, 749-799 m,

283-405 m, and 350-800 m, the combined

confirmed bathymetric range is 405-749

m, the depths between which the

species definitively occurred, not 283-

811 m.

Illustrations for all the studied

species were prepared using a Scanning

Electron Microscope (SEM) Quanta 200.

Measurements of the teleoconch, the

máximum height (H) and máximum

diameter (D) are based on the scale bar

of the SEM micrographs. The proto-

conch was measured by the Verduin

(1976) method in which a nucleus is

considered at the beginning of the spire.

Abbreviations:

AMNH American Museum of Natural

History, New York

AM Australian Museum, Sidney

CACTI Centro de Apoyo Científico y

Tecnológico a la Investigación, Uni-

versity of Vigo

MNHN Museum national d'Histoire

naturelle, París

ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Berlin

D máximum diameter of the shell, mea¬

sured perpendicular to the axis of coiling

H total height of the shell

Stn. station

spm(s) specimen(s). Because most Anti¬

climax shells are not transparent and

animáis can retract deep inside, it is

difficult to ascertain whether there

are soft parts, and no distinction has

been attempted between live-taken

specimens and empty shells.

s clearly empty shells

juv juvenile

fragm fragment

SYSTEM ATIC PART

Superfamily T run c atelloide a Gray, 1840

Family Tornidae Sacco, 1896

Subfamíly Vitrinellinae Bush, 1897

Genus Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946

Climacia Dalí, 1903. Trans. Wag. Free Inst. Sci. 3: 1610 and 1633; pl. LX, figs. 1-3. (Preoccupied:

júnior homonym of Climacia M'Lachlan, 1869 [Neuroptera]; Climacina and Anticlimax are

replacement ñames). Type species: Teinostoma calliglyptum Dalí, 1903 (fossil) (Fig. 2).

Climacina Aguayo & Borro, 1946. Re v. Soc. Malac. " Carlos de la Torre", 4 (1): 11 (Invalid: júnior

homonym of Climacina Gemmellaro, 1878 [Gastropoda]).

Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 (July). Nautilus 60: 12 (replacement ñame). (Comment:

"Neither the group Climacia or its type species was described by Dalí, both being defined only

by figures, and the size, "diam. 3.0 mm").

4

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Canimarina Aguayo & Borro, 1946 (August). Rev. Soc. Malac. " Carlos de la Torre" , 4(2): 46-47.

(júnior synonym). Type species: Cyclostremiscus (Canimarina) crassilabris Aguayo & Borro, 1946

(by original designation).

Lioprora Laseron, 1958. Rec. Austr. Mus., 24(11): 169 (júnior synonym). Type species: Lioprora ros¬

trata (Hedley, 1900) (by monotypy).

Remarks: Pilsbry & McGinty (1946)

introduced the replacement ñame Anti¬

climax, for the monotypic genus contain-

ing Teinostoma (Climacia) calliglyptum

Dalí, 1903, since the genera Climacia Dalí,

1903 and Climacina Aguayo & Borro,

1946, based on the same type species,

were invalid because of homonymy.

Almost at the same time. Aguayo &

Borro (1946) described Canimarina and

placed it provisionally as a subgenus of

Cyclostremiscus , to accommodate the

new species Cyclostremiscus (Canimarina)

crassilabris. This species, in their

Opinión, had characters which could

ally it to the genera Cyclostremiscus,

Miralabrum, Teinostoma and Climacia, but

could be considered as a new subgenus

due to its own different and unique

characters.

Pilsbry & Olsson (1950) revised the

genus and gave the following descrip-

tion: "The shell is wider than high, with a

dome-shaped or low-conic spire offew (3 or

4) zahoris, carínate periphery and more or

less convex base. The protoconch is smooth,

ofscarcely more than one convex zahori to 1

Ú. Sculpture of cióse, usually punctate,

spiral striation and radial wavelike ribs on

the base, sometimes on the upper surface

also. The aperture is oblicjue, cjuadrangular

or triangular, zaith a thickened peristome,

the outer lip is angular or often extended at

the termination of the keel. Umbilicus bor-

dered by a spirally emerging callous rib, ter-

minating at the colurnella or in the genus

Subclimax it filis the umbilicus".

Pilsbry & Olsson (1950) divided

Anticlimax into two subgenera:

-Subgenus Anticlimax s. str .: charac-

terized by having the umbilicus open,

bordered by a spiral cord whidh. termi-

nates in the colurnella in a small trian¬

gular callus. Type species: Anticlimax

calliglypta (Dalí).

-Subgenus Subclimax : characterized

by having an umbilicus, totally or par-

tially closed by a solid column which

terminates in a callus fused to the col-

umelia. Type species: A. hispaniolensis

Pilsbry & Olsson, 1950.

Faber (2007) considered Canimarina

a valid genus, comparing it only with

Cyclostremiscus, and placing it in Vit-

rinellidae solely on the basis of its

lacking "a clear apertural varix". Also

he considered Solariorbis decipiens

Olsson & McGinty, 1958 a júnior

synonym of Cyclostremiscus (Canimarina)

crassilabris.

In our opinión (see also Rubio et al.,

2011) Canimarina must be considered a

synonym of Anticlimax for the following

reasons:

-Cyclostremiscus (Canimarina) crassi¬

labris shares all the generic characters of

Anticlimax.

-The stated date of publication for

Anticlimax is July and that of Canimarina

is August of the same year, giving the

former priority.

Faber (2012) questioned the syn-

onymy of Canimarina proposed by

Rubio et al. (2011) arguing the presence

of "a sutural to supr asutural keel and near

fíat spire " and "a reticulate sculpture on

the first postnuclear whorl", as sufficient

characters for a generic morphological

differentiation.

At present the genus Anticlimax

groups together species of very different

shape (A. proboscidea, A. decórala, A. cal-

lyglypta, for example), whose keels,

located in different positions, develop

spirally into different apertures accord-

ing to the species.

In our opinión, the presence of retic¬

ular sculpture on the first whorl of the

teleoconch and a sutural to suprasutural

keel, are not sufficient morphological

characters for a generic separation,

above all if we take into account that

this is a genus where only the shells are

known.

Given that Anticlimax was proposed

before Canimarina, and that its descrip-

5

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

tion is sufficient to encompass the difier¬

en! known species, we continué to con-

sider Anticlimax a valid genus and Cam¬

inar ina its júnior synonym. For these

reasons, Canimarina crassilabris, C. glabra

and C. rostrata , should be returned to

genus Anticlimax.

Nothing was known so far about the

animal, radula and operculum of Anti¬

climax. Its generic assignment has been

based only on the distinguishing charac-

ters of the shell, such as overall shape,

the radial folds on the base, the angular

shape of the external lip, and the zigzag-

ging spiral groo ves, among others.

In the Caribbean most of the known

species are fossils from the Miocene and

Plio-Pleistocene. There are few recent

species described, and they occur in

North Carolina, Florida, Cuba, México,

Nicaragua and Belize.

Rubio, Fernández-Garcés &

Rolán (2011), in their revisión of the

family Tornidae in the Caribbean and

neighbouring areas, studied 8 Recent

species (some of them also known as

fossils) of Anticlimax, of which one was

new for Science. Two fossil and poorly

studied species were also recorded:

Anticlimax schumoi (Vanatta, 1913) and

A. athleenae (Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946).

These species are:

- Anticlimax crassilabris (Aguayo &

Borro, 1946)

- Anticlimax glabra Rubio, Rolán &

Pelorce, 2011

- Anticlimax decórala Rolán, Fernán-

dez-Garcés & Rubio, 1997

- Anticlimax probóscide a (Aguayo, 1949)

- Anticlimax pilsbryi (McGinty, 1945)

- Anticlimax locklini Pilsbry & Olsson,

1950

- Anticlimax annae Pilsbry & Olsson,

1950

- Anticlimax hispaniolensis Pilsbry &

Olsson, 1950

- Anticlimax athleenae (Pilsbry &

McGinty, 1946) fossil

- Anticlimax schumoi (Vanatta, 1913)

fossil

Other Recent worldwide species,

most of them also registered in WoRMS

(2013) (except carinata, rostrata, niasensis

and padangensis ) are the following:

Pacific Ocean

Anticlimax occidens Pilsbry & Olsson,

1952. S of Punta Final, San Luis

Gonzaga Bay, Baja California, México

(20 fms).

Anticlimax willetti Hertlein & Strong,

1951. Costa Rica (Keen, 1971: 386). Ft.

Amador Beach, Canal Zone, Panama

(intertidal in hermit crab colony).

Anticlimax carinata (A. Adams, 1863).

Japan: see below in Discussion.

Anticlimax rostrata (Hedley, 1900).

Australia: see below in Discussion.

Indian Ocean

Anticlimax niasensis (Thiele, 1925):

see below in Discussion.

Anticlimax padangensis (Thiele, 1925):

see below in Discussion.

Anticlimax arifca (Bartsch, 1915) is

presented in some lists of this genus but

it is not an Anticlimax : see below in Dis¬

cussion.

Therefore 16 species were known: 10

in the Caribbean and 6 in the Indian and

Pacific Oceans. Here we add 42 new

species from the Tropical South Pacific.

Species studied in this work:

Due to the great diversity of shapes

observed in the tropical species studied

we have considered that the use of sub¬

genera in order to sepárate more easily

the species of this group was not practi-

cal, mainly because we have no infor-

mation on their anatomy, radular and

molecular data; thus, we will place all

species studied in genus Anticlimax.

The generic assignment has been

based only on the distinguishing charac-

ters of the shell. In order to facilítate

study, species were grouped according

to shell morphology. Some of the known

species are also fossil from the Miocene

and Plio-Pleistocene.

Some of the characters mentioned in

the original description of the genus

Anticlimax cannot be considered

absolute and therefore valid for all the

species included in this genus: a smooth

protoconch, for example. In former

times the protoconch was not correctly

examined, employing only low magnifi-

cation, while in SEM photography, the

very minute microsculpture can be

6

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

observed. Also, the number of whorls of

the protoconch mentioned ("... more than

one convex whorl to 1 Vú. ") cannot be con-

sidered as more than a character present

in the few species known at that

rnoment, becoming more variable when

more species have been studied,

Differential characters of Anticli¬

max according to the original descrip-

tiom

1. Shell wider than high;

2. With a dome-shaped or low-conic

spire;

3. Carinate periphery;

4. Sculpture of cióse, usually punc-

tate spiral striation (changed to oval

depressions or zigzag cords and

cordlets) and radial wavelike ribs on the

base, sometimes appearing also on the

upper surface;

5. Aperture oblique, quadr angular or

triangular;

6. Outer lip angular or often

expanded at the termination of the

keels;

7. Umbilicus bordered by a spirally

emerging callous rib; terminating at the

columella or filling the umbilicus.

To these we can add:

8. The protoconch smooth or sculp-

tured by tubercíes, between 1 and 2 Vi

whorls.

9. Teleoconch with spiral zigzag

grooves and cordlets. The microsculp-

ture of the species of the genus Anticli¬

max is not capricious. There is an ontoge-

netic model which is repeated from one

species to another. Even in a single shell

it is possible to recognize several stages

of this process. This succession between

some microsculptures is shown in Fig. 3

(see explanation below).

10. In some species, there may be

areas on the adapical part on which the

sculpture has almost disappeared.

11. The operculum is rounded and

multispiral with a central nucleus (Figs.

2B-C).

12. The radula (Figs. 2D-E) is tae-

nioglossate.

13. Microsculpture: The simplest pat-

tern which frequently appears in the

species of this genus at the beginning of

the teleoconch is that represented in Fig.

3A: on a smooth surface some small

rounded depressions aligned spirally,

appear. In the following state (Fig. 3B),

these small depressions increase in size,

being rounded or oval in form. In Fig. 3C

is represented this state in which there is

an increase of the depressed areas so that

some of them touch each other: the con¬

tad: of the depressed areas (Fig. 3D) is

constant and the areas between depres¬

sions rise into cords with prolongations.

These prolongations may be vertical or a

little oblique. In this case, there are spiral

cords with zigzag borders. Sometimes

these cords are wide, on other occasions

(Fig. 3E), they may change to a narrow

fillet. In Fig. 3F the spiral cord is en-

larged and, in the enlarged areas,

rounded nodules are formed. This usu¬

ally happens in the spiral cords closer to

the suture. In other patterns (Fig. 3G),

the spiral cords present fine prolonga¬

tions which come into contact with other

similar rectangular spaces. This pattern

is frequent in the last part of the last

whorl. On this pattern (Fig. 3H) of rec¬

tangular depressed areas, some fine and

irregular spiral lines appear. The spiral

cords are wider and have a variable bor-

der (Fig. 31). Sometimes, the prolonga¬

tions in the spiral cords are fine and

much more numerous (Fig. 3J). On other

occasions they have scarce undulating

prolongations (Fig. 3K). Finally, on some

occasions they are very irregular and

variable showing microsculpture be¬

tween the cords (Fig. 3L).

Grouping:

Bearing all these characters in mind,

we can group the studied species into

several well defined and differentiated

groups, from 1 to 6, plus another of non-

characteristic grouped species. Due to the

lack of information on soft parts, radula

and DNA, we chose not to introduce dif-

ferent generic or subgeneric ñames, which

would only be justified after more detailed

knowledge of the group.

The description order of the species

will be made presenting them within

the mentioned groups.

7

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 2. A: Original figures of Teinostoma (Climacia) calliglyptum Dalí, 1903, type species of

genus Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 (Florida, Pliocene fossil); B-C: Opercula. oí Anticlimax

maranii (600 and 430 pm respectively); D-E: radula of A. maranii. F-G: soft parts oí Anticlimax

cf. cyclist spec. nov.

Figura 2. A: Figuras originales de Teinostoma (Climacia) calliglyptum Dalí, 1903, especie tipo del

género Anticlimax Pilsbry y McGinty, 1946 ( Florida , fósil del Plioceno); B-C: Opérenlos de Anticlimax

maranii (600 y 450 pm respectivamente); D-E: rádula de A. maranii; F-G: partes blandas de Anticli¬

max cf cyclist spec. nov.

8

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 3. Dififerent aspects of the microsculpture of Anticlimax species. See the text.

Figura 3. Diferentes aspectos de la microescultura de las especies de Anticlimax. Véase el texto.

9

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 4. Synopsis of Anticlimax species. A: A . faviformis spec. nov., holotype, 2.3 mm and paratype,

2.2 mm, New Caledonia. B: A . simulans spec. nov., holotype, 2.2 mm, Philippines. C: A, umbiliglabra spec.

nov., holotype, 1.75 mm, Philippines. D: A. fecunda spec. nov., holotype, 2.24 mm, New Caledonia. E:

A. robusta spec. nov., holotype, 2.46 mm and shell, 2.2 mm, Philippines. F: A. infaceta spec. nov., 2.15

mm, holotype, Philippines. G: A. bicornis spec. nov., holotype, 1.66 mm, Solomon. H: A. singularis

spec. nov., holotype, 1.66 mm, Philippines (MNHN). I: A. puncticulata spec. nov., holotype, 1.29 mm,

Philippines. All shells at MNHN.

Figura 4. Sinopsis de las especies de Anticlimax. A: A. faviformis spec. nov., holotipo, 2,3 mmy paratipo, 2,2 mm,

Nueva Caledonia. B: A. simulans spec. nov., holotipo, 2,2 mm, Filipinas. C: A. umbiliglabra spec. nov.,

holotipo, 1,75 mm, Filipinas. D: A. fecunda spec. nov., holotipo, 2,24 mm, Nueva Caledonia. E: A. robusta

spec. nov., holotipo, 2,46 mmy concha, 2,2 mm, Filipinas. F: A. infaceta spec. nov, 2,15 mm, holotipo,

Filipinas. G: A. bicornis spec. nov, holotipo, 1,66 mm, Salomón . H: A. singularis spec. nov, holotipo, 1,66 mm,

Filipinas. I: A. puncticulata spec. nov, holotipo, 1,29 mm, Filipinas (MNHN). Todas las conchas en MNHN

10

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

mm

Figure 5. Synopsis of Anticlimax species (continued). A: A. bicarinata spec. nov., holotype, 1.3 mm,

Vanuatu. B: A. fijiensis spec. nov., holotype, 1.64 mm, Fiji. C: A. maranii spec. nov., holotype, 1.8

mm, Philippines. D: A. reinaudi spec. nov., holotype, 1.26 mm, Vanuatu. E: A. serrata spec. nov.,

holotype, 2.47 mm, Vanuatu. F: A. tamarae spec. nov., holotype, 1.65 mm, Solomon. G: A. aitor-

monzoi spec. nov., holotype, 2.76 mm, Philippines. H: A. cyclists pee. nov., holotype, 2.68 mm Philip¬

pines (MNHN); I: A. dentata spec. nov., holotype, 2.3 mm, Philippines. All shells at MNHN.

Figura 5. Sinopsis de las especies de Anticlimax ( continuación ). A: A. bicarinata spec. nov., holotipo,

1,3 mm, Vanuatu. B: A. fijiensis spec. nov., holotipo, 1,64 mm, Fiyi. C: A. maranii spec. nov.,

holotipo, 1,8 mm, Filipinas. D: A. reinaudi spec. nov., holotipo, 1,26 mm, Vanuatu. E: A. serrata spec.

nov., holotipo, 2,47 mm, Vanuatu. F: A. tamarae spec. nov., holotipo, 1,65 mm, Salomón. G: A. aitor-

monzoi spec. nov., holotipo, 2,76 mm, Filipinas. H: A. eyelist spec. nov., holotipo, 2,68 mm Filipinas;

I: A. dentata spec . non, holotipo, 2,3 mm, Filipinas. Todas Lis conchas en MNHN.

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 6. Synopsis oí Anticlimax species (continued). A: A. é’Ztfta' spec. nov., holotype, 1 .34 mm, Philip-

pines. B: A. solomonensis spec. nov., holotype, 1.5 mm, Solomon. C: A. fastigata spec. nov., holotype,

2.67 mm, Papua New Guinea. D: A. rhinoceros spec. nov., holotype, 1.65 mm, Papua New Guinea.

E :A. textilis spec. nov., holotype, 2.09 mm, New Caledonia. F :A. vanuatuensis spec. nov., holotype,

1.35 mm, Vanuatu. G: A. levis spec. nov., holotype, 2.0 mm, Philippines. H: A. spiralis spec. nov.,

holotype, 2.44 mm, Vanuatu. I: A. simplex spec. nov., holotype, 2.0 mm, Vanuatu. All shells at MNHN.

Figura 6. Sinopsis de las especies de Anticlimax (continuación). A: A. elata spec. nov., holotipo, 1,34 mm,

Filipinas. B: A. solomonensis spec. nov., holotipo, 1,5 mm, Salomón. C: A. fastigata spec. nov., holotipo,

2.67 mm, Papua Nueva Guinea. D: A. rhinoceros spec. nov., holotipo, 1,65 mm, Papua Nueva Guinea.

E: A. textilis spec. nov., holotipo, 2,09 mm, Nueva Caledonia. F: A. vanuatuensis spec. nov., holotipo,

1.35 mm, Vanuatu. G: A. levis spec. nov., holotipo, 2,0 mm, Filipinas . H: A. spiralis spec. nov., holotipo,

2,44 mm, Vanuatu. I: A. simplex spec. nov., holotipo, 2,0 mm, Vanuatu. Todas las conchas en MNHN.

12

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 7. Synopsis of Anticlimax species (continued). A: A. uniformis spec. nov., holotype, 3.0 mm, Phili-

ppines. B: A. maestratii spec. nov., holotype, 2.6 mm and paratype 2.0 mm, Philippines. C: A, philip-

pinemis spec. nov., holotype, 1.66 mm, Philippines. D: A. imitatrix spec. nov., holotype, 1.3 mm, Solomon

Islands. E: A tentorii spec. nov., holotype, 4.2 mm, Vanuatu. F: A. discus spec. nov., holotype, 1 .78 mm, Philip¬

pines. G: A. lentifonnis spec. nov., holotype, 1 .46 mm, Fiji. H: A gkbulus spec. nov. holotype, 2.6 mm, Papua

New Guinea. I: A. boucheti spec. nov., holotype, 1 .6 mm, New Caledonia. All shells at MNHN.

Figura 7. Sinopsis de las especies de Anticlimax (continuación). A: A. uniformis spec. nov., holotipo, 3,0 mm,

Filipinas. B: A. maestrati spec. nov., holotipo, 2,6 mm and paratype 2.0 mm, Filipinas. C: A. philippinensis

spec. nov., holotipo, 1,66 mm, Filipinas. D: A. imitatrix spec. nov., holotipo, 1,3 mm, Salomón. E: A. ten¬

torii spec. nov., holotipo, 4,2 mm, Vanuatu . F: A. discus spec. nov., holotipo, 1,78 mm, Filipinas. G: A.

lentiformis spec. nov., holotipo, 1,46 mm, Fiyi. H: A. globulus spec. nov. holotype, 2,6 mm. Papua Nueva

Guinea. I: A. boucheti spec. nov., holotipo, 1,6 mm, Nueva Caledonia. Todas las conchas en MNHN

13

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 8. Synopsis oí Anticlimax species (continued). A: A. philsmithi spec. nov., holotype, 1.5 mm

and paratype, 1.67 mm, Papua New Guinea. B: A. simplicissima spec. nov., holotype, 2.3 mm,

Papua New Guinea. C: A. virginiae spec. nov., holotype, 1.93 mm, Vanuatu. D: A. religiosa spec.

nov., holotype, 1.4 mm, Philippines. E: A . obesa spec. nov., holotype, 5.9 mm, Philippines. F: A.

juanae spec. nov., holotype, 2.55 mm, New Caledonia. All shells at MNHN.

Figura 8. Sinopsis de las especies de Anticlimax ( continuación ). A: A. philsmithi spec. nov., holotipo,

1,5 mm and paratype, 1,7 mm, Papua Nueva Guinea. B: A. simplicissima spec. nov., holotipo, 2,3

mm, Papua Nueva Guinea. C: A. virginiae spec. nov., holotipo, 1,93 mm, Vanuatu. D: A. religiosa

spec. nov., holotipo, 1,4 mm, Filipinas. E: A. obesa spec. nov., holotipo, 5,9 mm, Filipinas. F: A.

juanae spec. nov., holotipo, 2,55 mm, Nueva Caledonia. Todas las conchas en MNHN.

14

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Table I. Differences between species of group 1 .

Tabla I. Diferencias entre las especies del grupo 1.

Group 1

Description : Shell depressed; proto-

conch with numerous fines of Ínter-

ruption -growth, which are like axial

ribs; teleoconch bicarinate, formed by

cells of unequal size aligned in a

spiral direction. Aperture triangular;

external lip expanded laterally

outwards.

It is formed by 3 species: A. favi-

formis, A. simulans and A. umbiliglabra. In

Table I we show the most important dif¬

ferences of the protoconch.

Anticlimax faviformis spec. nov. (Figures 4A, 9A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27171 (Figs. 4A, 9A) and 4 paratypes MNHN 27172 (Figs. 9B-C).

Material examined: (5 s): Only those of the type locality.

Type locality: New Caledonia, Lagoon of Grand Récif Mengalia, Touho area, 20°44.5'S, 165015.9'E,

8 m [MONTROUZIER: Stn. 1264],

Etymology: The specific ñame derives of the Latin words favus, -i "honeycomb" and formis "form"|

alluding to the sculpture of the shell.

Distribution : Only known from New

Caledonia at 8 rn.

Description : Shell small, formed by

about 3 Va whorls of quick growth, with

a fíat spire and the periphery delimited

by two thick spiral carinae.

Protoconch with only one whorl, 220-

230 jum in diameter and about 60 ¡im across

the nucleus; its surface has two distinct

phases: the first is formed by the nucleus

and Vz whorl and ends in the first slight

thickening; and the second phase, in which

there are about 10 successive thickenings,

forming axial ribs. The teleoconch has 2

Va whorls, with the periphery with the two

mentioned carinae: a basal one, thicker

and prominent, and an adapical one, not

so thick; both forming an angle on the shell.

Profile with a fíat or scarcely concave

periphery and concave base.

Omamentation formed by spiral cords

of unequal size that are crossed by axial

striae forming small cells, which are spi¬

ral ly aligned and ha ve different shape and

size; those at the base, and specially in the

umbilical area, are larger than the others.

Aperture oval, prosocline; parietal area

with a thick callous coating; columella

reflected externally; outer lip thin, with

sharp edge, presenting an extensión in the

area between the two carinae, which gives

it a distinctive profile. Umbilicus narrow

and deep; umbilical margin closes in pro-

gressively and in the area next to the col¬

umella forms a callus of triangular shape,

on whose surface spiral cordlets develop.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

2.3 mm in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral species collected

on sandy mud bottom, at 8 m depth.

Remarks: This new species is charac-

terized by its very fíat spire, the thick

peripheral carinae, the rows of cells of

different size and shape spirally aligned

and covering completely the shell; the

convex base and the outer lip with a

prolongation in the periphery. The most

similar species are the other two

included in this first group: see below

the comparison of all three.

15

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 9A-R Anticlimax faviformis spec. nov. A: holotype, 2.3 mm (MNHN); B-C: paratype, 2.2

(MNHN); D: protoconch of the paratype of figs. B~C; E: protoconch of the holotype; F:

microsculpture. AJI from New Caledonia, Touho area, Lagoon of Grand Récif Mengalia, Stn.

1264, 8 m.

Figura 9A--F Anticlimax faviformis spec . nov. A: holotipo, 2,3 mm (MNHN); B-C: paratipo, 2,2

(MNHN); D: protoconcha del paratipo de las figs. B-C; E: protoconcha del holotipo; F: microescultura.

Todo de Nueva Caledonia, alrededores de Touho, Laguna del Grand Récif Mengalia, Stn. 1264, 8 m.

16

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Anticlimax simulans spec. nov. (Figures 4B, 10A-G, H A F.)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27173 (Figs. 4B, 10A-C) and one paratype MNHN (27174).

Material examined: (5 s): Philippines, PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Panglao Island, lagoon off Población,

Stn. Sil, 9°33.6'N, 123°43.6'E, 2 m, fine sand and seagrass; 1 s, Pamilacan Island, Stn. S22, 9°29.4'N,

123°56.0/E, 15-20 m, hard ground covered with seagrass; 2 s, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. T18, 9°41.8'N,

123°49.9,E, 80-100 m, muddy bottom with sponges (type material). Papua New Guinea: 1 s, N Sek

Island, PAPUA NIUGINI, Stn. PS47, 05°04.7/S, 145°48.9'E, 8 m, inner slope.

Type locality: Philippines, Cortes, Bohol Island, 9°41.8/N, 123°49.9'E, 80-100 m, muddy bottom

with sponges [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. TI 8].

Etymology: The specific ñame añudes to the similarity with the previous species.

Distribution : Ordy known from the

Philippines, between 2 and 80 m, and

from Papua New Guinea, at 8 m.

Description: Shell small, formed by 3

whorls of quick growth, with a nearly

fíat spire and the periphery delimited by

two strong spiral carinae.

The protoconch has 1 14 whorls,

measures about 290 /im iu diameter and

has two clearly differentiated periods:

the first one smooth with less than Vi

whorl besides the nucleus and the

second, with about 30 thickened ribs.

The teleoconch has 2 !4 whorls, delim¬

ited by two strong peripheral carinae

which angle the shell; the basal one is

wider and more prominent, and the adapi¬

cal one, narrower. Profile with a slightly

concave periphery and base concave.

Ornamentation formed initially by

spiral grooves of similar size which, are

about 12 in number at the beginning of

the teleoconch and which after 3A of whorl

form small cells by Crossing the axial striae;

these are spirally aligned and have dif-

ferent shape and size; on the last whorl 17

lines of cells can be observed on the adapi¬

cal part, 13 on the periphery and 17 on the

base, of which those placed in the umbil¬

ical area are of larger size than the others.

Aperture oval, prosocline; parietal

zone with a strong callous coat; columella

reflected externally; external lip thin, with

a sharp border, presenting a prolongation

in the area included between the two

carinae, which give to the shell a charac-

teristic profile. Umbilicus narrow and

deep. The umbilical margin closes in pro-

gressively and in the area cióse to the col

umella, forms a triangular callus, with

spiral cordlets Crossing the surface.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

2.2 mm in diameter.

Habitat : Infra and circalittoral species

collected from Philippines at 2 m, on a

fine sand and seagrass bottom (Stn. Sil)

and at 15-20 m, on a hard ground

covered with seagrass (Stn. S22). Also

trawled in 80-100 m, on a muddy

bottom with sponges PANGLAO 2004

(Stn. T18). In Papua New Guinea at 8 m,

on the inner slope (Stn. PS47).

Remarks: Anticlimax simulans spec. nov.

is very similar to A. faviformis spec. nov.

from New Caledonia, being differentiated

from the latter by the larger size of the pro¬

toconch and by having more growth lines,

like ribs, in the second period of this. It

also differs by having at the beginning of

the teleoconch, 12 spiral grooves trans-

formed into small cells after 3A of whorl;

by having a smaller number of lines of

cells on the base and by the periphery

being slightly concave.

Anticlimax umbiliglabra spec. nov. (Figures 4C, 12A-D)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27175 (Figs. 4C, 12A-B).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Philippines, Panglao Island, lagoon off Población, 9°33.6'N, 123°43.6'E, 2 m, fine sand

and seagrass [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. Sil].

Etymology: The specific ñame is formed by the words "umbilicus", and glabra, "smooth", allud-

ing to the smooth umbilical area which is very different from other species of its group.

17

Iberus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 10A-G. Anticlimax simulans spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.2 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch

of the holotype; E-G: microsculpture and detail. Philippines, Panglao Island, Stn. Ti 8, 80-100 m,

in muddy bottom with sponges.

Figura 10A-G . Anticlimax simulans spec . nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,2 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha del

holotipo; E-G: micro escultura y detalle. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao, Stn. T18, 80-100 m, en fondo de

fango con esponjas.

18

RUBIO & RoláN: The gemís Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 11A-E: Anticlimax simulans spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.75 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch; E:

microsculpture. N Sek Island, Papua New Guinea, PAPUA MIUGINI: PS47, 8 m.

Figura 11A-E: Anticlimax simulans spec. nov. A-C : concha, 1,75 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha; E:

microescultura. N de la isla de Sek, Papua Nueva Guinea, PAPUA NIUGINI: PS47, 8 m.

Distribution: Only known from

Panglao Island, its type locality, at 2 m.

Description: Shell small (< 2 mm),

formed by slightly more than 3 whorls

of quick growth, with a nearly fíat spire

and the periphery delimited by two

thick spiral carinae.

The protoconch has only 1 whorl,

measuring 260 jum in diameter and it is

formed by two distinct phases: the first,

rough, has the nucleus and 3A of whorl,

and ends in a slight fhickening; in the

second phase, there are successive axial

thickenings, 8-10 in number, like axial

ribs, but keeping the surface rough. The

teleoconch has less than 2 Vi whorls, and

is delimited by two thick carinae which

angle the shell; the basal carina does not

protrude more than the peripheral.

Profile with the periphery flattened and

base concave.

Ornamentation formed by cells of

different shape and size, spirally

aligned; there are 8=9 spiral fines at the

beginníng of the teleoconch and, on the

last whorl, in apertural view, can be

19

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 12A-D. Anticlimax umbiliglabra spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 1.75 mm (MNHN); C: proto-

conch of the holotype; D: microsculpture of the protoconch. Philippines, Panglao Island, Stn.

SI 1 , 2 m, in fine sand and seagrass.

Figura 12A-D. Anticlimax umbiliglabra spec. nov. A-B : holotipo , 1,75 mm (MNHN); C: protoconcha

del holotipo ; D: micro escultura de la protoconcha. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao, Stn. Sil, 2 m, en arena

fina y pradera.

observed 15 on the adapical parí, 20 on

the periphery and 20 on the base. Aper-

ture oval, prosocline; parietal callous

area with a thick coating; coíumella

externally reflected; outer lip thin, with

a sharp edge, presenting an extensión in

the area between the two carinae, which

give it a distinctive profile. Umbilicus

wide and deep; in the periumbilical area

there is a wide completely smooth strip,

without rows or cells; the umbilical

margin in the area cióse to the coíumella

forms a callus of triangular shape, on

whose surface run spiral cordlets.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

1.75 mm in diameter.

Habitat : The species was collected at

2 m, on a fine sand and seagrass bottom

(Stn. Sil).

Remarks : Anticlimax umbiliglabra spec.

nov. differs from A. faviformis spec. nov.

and A. simulans spec. nov. by having an

entirely rough protoconch, and 8-10 axial

ribs in the second phase; by having a

flattened periphery; because the basal

carina is not protruding, and because it

has a large smooth area, without cells or

groo ves, on the umbilical wall

20

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Table II. Differences between the species of group 2.

Tabla II. Diferencias entre las especies del grupo 2.

Group 2

Description: Shell wider than high (low

conic spire). Protoconch with 2 or more

phases; F2 with tubercles. Teleoconch:

periphery bicarinate; ornamentation of

spiral grooves in zigzag and wavelike ribs

on the base and the periphery; those of the

base may almost disappear; aperture tri¬

angular; outer lip expanded laterally by

the end of the carinae, of which the upper

one very attenuated at times. Umbilicus

with angled border.

Formed by 9 species: Anticlimax

fecunda, A. robusta, A. infaceta, A. bicornis ,

A. singularis, A. puncticulata , A. bicari-

nata, A. fijiensis, A. maranii. See Table II

for comparison.

Anticlimax fecunda spec nov. (Figures 4D, 13A-F, 14A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27176 (Figs. 4D, 13A-C).

Material examined: (2 s): New Caledonia: 1 s, Lifou, West-Southwest of Pointe d'Easo, Baie du

Santal, Loyalty Is., LIFOU 2000: Stn. 1430, 2G°47.5'S, 167°07.1,E, 20-25 m (holotype). Vanuatu: 1 s

(Fig. 14), NW Tutuba Island, SANTO 2006: Stn. DS108, 15°33.2'S, 167°16.6'E, 100 m.

Type locality: New Caledonia, Loyalty Is., West-Southwest of Pointe d'Easo, Baie du Santal, 20°47.5'S,

167°07.1,E, 20-25 m [LIFOU 2000: Stn. 1430].

Etymology: The specific ñame is related by the number of spiral cords which are few at the begirt

ning and increase during growth of the spire.

Distribution: Only known from the

type locality in New Caledonia, and

from NW Tutuba Island, Vanuatu.

Between 25 and 100 m.

Description : Shell small, robust,

formed by about 3 Vi whorls of rapid

growth, with a moderately depressed

spire, with two thick carinae angling the

shell; umbilicus broad and deep.

The protoconch is at a higher level

than the rest of the shell, measuring

between 280-310 jum, having 1 Va whorls

21

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

§¡É

mÉMuÉm

wtiraa

Figure 13A-F. Anticlimax fecunda spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.24 mm (MNHN); D: apical view

and protoconch of the holotype; E-F: microsculpture, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands, Baie du

Santal, West-Southwest of Pointe d’Easo, Stn. 1430, 20-25 m, parches (called “patates”) of coral

cióse to a sedimentary passage.

Figura 13A-F. Anticlimax fecunda spec . nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,24 mm (MNHN); D: visión apical y protoconcha

del holotipo; E-F: microescultura, Nueva Caledonia, lies Loyauté, Baie du Santal, Oeste-suroeste de Pointe

dEaso, Stn. 1430, 20-25 m, macizos (denominados “patates”) de coral próximos a un paso sedimentario.

22

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 14A-F. Anticlimax fecunda spec. noy. A-C: shell, 1.93 mm MNHN; D: protoconch; E-F:

microsculpture. Vanuatu, NW Tutuba Island, Stn. DS108, 100 m.

Figura 14A-F. Anticlimax fecunda spec. nov. A-C: concha, 1,93 mm MNHN; D: protoconcha; E-F:

microescultura. Vanuatu, NO de la isla Tutuba, Stn. DS108, 100 m.

23

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

and two distinct phases, the first totally

smooth and the second with some thick

tubercles that are concentrated closer to

the suture; it ends with a clear change of

sculpture. The teleoconch has about 2 Va

whorls, and two carinae, one peripheral

and the other basal, which angle the

shell which is completely covered by

spiral cords, with thick axial ribs on the

periphery and thick axial folds at the

base. In the 1 Va first whorls there are 5

not very prominent spiral cords that

develop in a zigzag pattern forming

rhomboid cells in their interspaces; later

the cords are multiplied, and at each

point of intersection with the axial striae

a small nodule is formed. In the spaces

between cords rnicrotubercles are not to

be observed; instead there is a network

of lines that criss-cross. On the adapical

part, the spiral cords predomínate, and

appear as granular from the first whorl

of the teleoconch due to the interference

with axial striae. More than 25-30 may

be observed on the last whorl. In the

area cióse to the peripheral carina there

are fine axial ribs that predominate on

the spiral cords.

The space between the peripheral

and the basal carinae is slightly concave

and presents 7-10 fine spiral cords Ínter-

sected by marked axial ribs. Base

slightly convex, totally covered with

fine spiral cordlets. There are 20-21 thick

axial folds and a cord that limits and

marks an angle with the umbilicus.

Aperture triangular; parietal area

covered by a thick callus; columella

angled, very thick and reflected towards

the umbilicus; outer lip thick, margin

unchanged by the spiral cords, but mod-

ified by the peripheral carina expanding

it laterally, forming two internal angles

at the point of contact with the carina.

Umbilicus wide and deep, delimited by

2 thick spiral cords; the cord located

inside is definitely thickened near the

inner lip and marks the beginning of the

columella; the more externa! cord,

located on the base, circumscribes the

umbilicus, marks the end of the col¬

umella and is formed by the angulation

of the axial folds. The umbilical wall is

slightly concave and on it, a completely

smooth area in the space between the

cords is observed.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.24 mm

in diameter; the other shell studied is

l. 93 mm.

Habitat: The holotype was collected

in the infralittoral, living between 20-25

m, on a bottom of rounded coráis (called

"patates") cióse to an area of sediment.

Conversely, the shell from Vanuatu was

collected deeper, in the circalittoral,

dredged at 100 m depth.

Remar ks: The species is characterized

by the lack of complete axial ribs on the

adapical part; the shape of the aperture

and the lateral expansión, due to the

proximity of the peripheral carina; and

the axial, peripheral and basal ribbing.

Anticlimax fecunda spec. nov. may be

differentiated from A. robusta spec. nov.

by the larger size of the protoconch and

by lacking ornamentation on phase 1 of

the protoconch.

From Anticlimax infaceta spec. nov., it

is differentiated by the different orna¬

mentation of phase 2 of the protoconch

and by the lack of spirally aligue d cells

in the teleoconch.

Anticlimax robusta spec. nov. (Figures 4E, 15A-G)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27179 (Figs. 04E, 15A).

Material examined: (3 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Panglao Island, Napaling, Stn. S5,

9°37.1'N, 123°46.TE, 2-4 m, rock and coral patches, brown algae (Figs. 15B-C); 1 s, Panglao Island,

Pontod Islet, Stn. D4, 9°33.T'N, 123°44.0'E, 0-2 m, soft bottom with seagrass; 1 s, Balicasag Island,

Black Forest, Stn. S3, 9°31.1'N, 123°41.3'E, 6 m, edge of reef platform (type material).

Type locality: Philippines, Balicasag Island, Black Forest, 9°31.TN, 123°41.3'E, 6 m, edge of the reef

platform [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. S3] .

Etymology: The specific ñame is from robustas, - a , -um, "robust" as is shown by the sculpture of

the shell.

24

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 15A-G. Anticlimax robusta spec. noy. A: holotype, 2.46 mm, Philippines, Balicasag Island,

Stn. S3, 6 m (MNHN); B-C: shell, 2.2 mm, Napaling, Panglao Island, Stn. S5, 2-4 m (MNHN);

D: protoconch of the holotype; E: microsculpture of the holotype. F-G: detail of the microsculp-

ture of the protoconch.

Figura 15A-G. Anticlimax robusta spec. nov. A: holotipo, 2,46 mm, Filipinas, Isla de Balicasag, Stn.

S3, 6 m (MNHN); B-C: concha, 2,2 mm, Napaling, Isla de Panglao, Stn. S5, 2-4 m (MNHN); D:

protoconcha del holotipo ; E: microescultura del holotipo. F-G: detalle de la microescultura de la proto-

concha.

25

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Distribution : Only known from

Panglao and Balicasag Islands, Philip-

pines, between 2 and 6 m.

Description : Shell small (<2.5 mm),

robust in appearance, formed by 3 3á

quickly increasing whorls, with a mod-

erately depressed spire, bicarinate, and

with a wide and deep umbilicus.

The protoconch measures 270 jum,

has 1 Vi whorls with two distinct phases,

the first presenting, on a smooth back-

ground, 2 fine spiral cordlets formed by

microtubercles; the second part has

tubercles of different sizes scattered ran-

domly; it ends with a su d den change of

sculpture. The teleoconch has 2 !4

whorls and is bounded by two carinae,

one peripheral, the other basal; its

surface is completely covered by spiral

cords, with thick axial ribs on the

periphery and thick axial folds at the

base. The spiral cords show their inter-

spaces covered by axial striae and

aligned microtubercles that look like

strands of a lattice, giving the irnpres-

sion of developing in zigzag.

On the adapical part spiral cords pre¬

domínate which, by effect of the axial

striae, appear as granular from the first

whorl of the teleoconch and reaching more

than 30 on the last spiral whorl; in the area

near the peripheral carina fine axial ribs

predominate over the spiral cords. The

space between the peripheral and the basal

carinae is siightly concave and presents 7

fine spiral cords intersected by marked

axial ribs. Base is siightly convex, totally

covered by fine spiral cordlets, there are

17 thick axial folds and a thick cord that

limits and makes an angle with the umbili¬

cus. Aperture oval; parietal area covered

by a thick callus; columella straight, very

thick, not reflected; outer lip thick-walled,

margin remains unchanged by the spiral

cords, but modified by the peripheral

carinae which expand it laterally, forming

two internal angles at the point of contact

with the carinae.

Umbilicus wide and deep, limited

by 2 thick spiral cords; the cord located

inside, is widely thickened near the

inner lip and marks the beginning of the

columella; the more external cord,

located on the base, circumscribes the

umbilicus, marks the end of the col¬

umella and is formed by the angulations

of the axial folds. The umbilical wall is

more or less straight and on it more

weak axial folds and spiral grooves can

be observed.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.46 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral species dredged

in 0-2 m, soft bottom with seagrass (Stn.

D4); suctioned at 2-4 m, rock and coral

patches, brown algae (Stn. S5) and at 6

m, at the edge of de reef platform (Stn.

S3).

Remarks : Anticlimax robusta spec. nov.

differs from A. fecunda spec. nov. by the

smaller size of its protoconch which has

2 fine spiral cordlets on its first phase.

From Anticlimax infaceta spec. nov. it

differs by the smaller diameter of the

protoconch, the larger size and smaller

number of tubercles of phase 2 and by

presenting heavy axial ribs between the

peripheral and the basal carinae.

Anticlimax infaceta spec. nov. (Figures 4F, 16A-G, 17A-B)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27177 (Figs. 04F, 16A) and 2 paratypes MNHN 27178 (Figs. 17B- D).

Material examined: (3 s): Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Philippines, Bohol Island, Ubajan, 9°41.5'N, 123°51.0/E, 12 m, muddy bottom

[PANGLAO 2004: Stn. S27].

Etymology: The specific ñame is from the Latin word infacetas , -a, -um, which means "insipid, taste-

less", alluding to the scarce sculpture of the ventral part.

Distribution: Only known from the

type locality at 12 m.

Description: Shell small, robust,

formed by 4 whorls of rapid growth;

two thick carinae angle the shell; umbili¬

cus broad and deep.

The protoconch measures about 310

jum in diameter, has 1 % whorls and two

26

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 16A-G. Anticlimax infaceta spec. nov. A: holotype, 2.15 mm (MNHN); B: paratype, 1.8

mm (MNHN); C-D: paratype, 2.1 mm (MNHN); E: protoconch (holotype); F-G: microsculp-

ture. Philippines, Panglao Island, Stn. S27, 12 m, mud bottom.

Figura 16A-G. Anticlimax infaceta spec. nov. A: holotipo , 2,15 mm (MNHN); B: paratipo, 1,8 mm

(MNHN); C-D: paratipo, 2,1 mm (MNHN); E: protoconcha (holotipo); F-G: microescultura. Filip¬

inas, Isla de Panglao, Stn. S27, 12 m, fondo de fango.

27

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 17A-C. Protoconchs. A-B: protoconchs of A. infaceta spec. nov. C: protoconch of A. singu-

laris spec. nov.

Figura 17A-C. Protoconchas. A-B: protoconchas de A. infaceta spec. nov. C: protoconcha de A. singu-

laris spec. nov.

distinct phases; the first is completely

smooth and the second has fine small

tubercles scattered over the whole

surface; it ends in a slight thickening.

The teleoconch has two spiral whorls

and is delimited by two carinae, one

being peripheral, the other, basal; orna-

mentation formed by flattened spiral

cords and sinuous axial lines that Ínter-

sect to form in their interspaces lines of

rounded cells covering the adapical part

and the periphery of the shell. On the

adapical part of the last whorl the cords

disappear over a wide strip, which

appears to be almost smooth.

Base convex, observed at the begin-

ning of last whorl, with thick axial ribs

that disappear in some areas from the

first quarter whorl, leaving only fine

growth lines; a thin cord defines and

angles the umbilicus. Aperture triangu¬

lar, oval; parietal area covered by a thin

callous coating; columella arched, very

thick, reflected towards the umbilicus

but not occluding it entírely; outer lip

thick-walled, margin unchanged by the

spiral cords, but modified by the

peripheral carina expanding it laterally,

forming two internal angles at the point

of contact with the carina. Umbilicus

28

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Antiqñmax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

wíde and deep, with an angled edge

and straight wall, on which there are

fíne spíral cordlets and some axial

folds.

Dímensíonsi the holotype ís 2,15 mm

in máximum díameter.

Habitat Infralittoral species collected

at 12 m, on a muddy bóttom.

Remarles: Ánticlimax infaceta spec.

nov. differs from the remainíng species

of the group by ifs síze and the orna

mentation of the protoconch; by ladáng

axial ribs between the peripheral and

basal carínae and also by lackíng thíck

axial folds at íts base; the outer lip is not

so angled or as thíck as ín other species.

Anticlimax bicomis spec. nov. (Figures 4G, 18A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27129 (Figs. 04G, 18A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Solomon Islands, [gó40'S, 160°04'E/ 396-411 m [SALOMON 1: Stn. DW1762],

Etymology: The specifíc ñame alindes to the two horn like prominences in the aperture.

Distribution : Only known from

Solomon Islands, between 396-411 m.

Description: Shell sma.11 (< 2 mm),

robust, bícarinafe, formed by 3 % whorls

separated by a faint suture, with a

rather low spíre and widely umbílicate.

The protoconch is large in relation to

the dimensíons of the shell (about 25%),

with a líttle more than 2 whorls and about

380 jLtm ín díameter; ít has 2 parts, the fírst

(1 U whorls) completely smootli, and the

second (% of whorl) covered by axial

growth lines, more evident along the

suture and with randomly dístributed

tubercles; the termínatíon ís evident by

the change in sculpture of the teleoconch.

Thís has 1 V2 whorls and 2 strong períph-

eral carínae which angle the shell. Adapi¬

cal part convex, covered completely by

spiral cords that develop in zigzag; periph-

ery somewhat concave, covered by spíral

cords also ín zigzag, but without folds or

axial ribs. Base convex delimíted by the

peripheral carina, completely smooth

except cióse to the carina and showíng a

bread umbílícus which aliows the preví-

ous whorls to be seen. Aperture rounded.

prosocline; parietal area callous with a

thíck layer; columella arched, reflected

outward but without formmg callus; outer

lip not modífied by spíral cords, but the

peripheral carina angles and expands it

laterally. Very wide umbilícus, ínsíde

which there are marked growth lines and,

on the deeper umbilical wall area 3-4 spíral

cordlets.

Dimensíons: the holotype ís 1.66 mm

ín díameter.

Habitat: Bathyal species, dredged at

396-411 m depth on the slope.

Remarks : The species ís charaeterízed

by the size and decoration of the proto¬

conch, formed by randomly dístributed

micro-tubercles; the characterístic spíral

cords ín zigzag; the concave periphery

with ribs without axial folds; the base

lackíng spiral cords and a wíde umbílí¬

cus with fine cordlets insí de.

Most of the species of íts group have

peripheral prominences: the most

similar is Ánticlimax singularis spec. nov.,

but thís species has only one promi-

nence on the external lip and the proto¬

conch has a dístínctíve mícrosculpture.

Anticlimax singularis spec. nov. (Figures 41 T 17C, 19A-G)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27195 (Figs, 4H, 19A-B).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Philíppines, Bohol Island, Cortes, 9°43.3/N, 123°48.8'E, 126-135 m, in mud bottom

[FANGLAO 2004: Stn. T26].

Etymology: The spedfic ñame is due to the very strange sculpture of the protoconch, different from

all other species in the family.

29

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 18A-F. Anticlimax bicornis spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.66 mm (MNHN): D: protoconch of

the holotype; E-F: microsculpture. Solomon Islands, Stn, DW1762, 396-411 m.

Figura 18A-F. Anticlimax bicornis spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1.66 mm (MNHN): D: protoconcha del

holotipo; E-F: micro escultura. Islas Salomón, Stn. DW1762, 396-411 m.

30

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 19A-G. Anticlimax singularis spec. noy. A»B: holotype, 1.66 mm (MNHN): C; fragment of

the holotype; D: protoconch of the holotype, same as fig. 17C; E-F: mícrosculpture of the proto-

conch; D: mícrosculpture of the teleoconch. Philippines, Bohol Island, Stn. T26, 126-135 m.

Figura 19A-G. Anticlimax singularis spec, nov. A-B; hoíotipo , 1,66 mm (MNHN); C; fragmento del

holotipo ; D; protoconchá del hoíotipo, la misma de la fig. 17C E-F: microescukura de la pmtoconcha;

D: microescukura de la teleoconcha . Filipinas, Isla de Bohol \ Stn. T26, 126-135 m.

31

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Distrihution : Only known from the

Philippines, Panglao 2004, between 126-

135 m.

Description : Shell small (<2 mm),

wider than high, formed by 3 Vi whorls

separated by a slightly marked suture,

wíth a low spíre, wídely umbílicate.

The protoconch has a little more

than 2 whorls, measures about 390 jtim

in diameter and has three distínct

phases: the fírst one (nucleus and V2

whorl) is completely smooth; a second

phase of about Vi whorl is also smooth;

the third íncreases a little the diameter

and ís completely covered by oblique,

orderly línes in variable posítion; a few

growth línes at the end, The teleoconch

has just 1 % whorls and 2 carinae, one

peripheral, the other basal; the periph-

eral disappears ín the last quarter and

the basal is the most prominent of the

two.

The ornamentatíon is composed of

flattened spiral cords, ribs and axial

folds; there are rounded ce lis in the

ínterspaces between cords. On the

adapical parí., the spiral cords develop

ín zigzag; 7 cords at the beginning of

the teleoconch, íncreasing to 20-22 in

the last quarter-whorl, can be ob¬

servad between the peripheral carina

and the suture; no nodulose cordlets

are present but in the last quarter-

whorl axial ribs become more evident.

The space between the carinae has 10

spiral cordlets ín zigzag and rounded

cells in the ínterspaces, seen in an

apertural posítion; in the last half

whorl more than 40 fine axial ribs,

most evident over the basal carina, but

not forming folds, can be counted.

Spíre and base convex, the space

between the carinae slightly concave.

Base with evident axial folds that

extend from the basal carina towards

the umbílicus, penetrating insíde; at

the beginning there are some wíde and

flattened spiral cords íntersected by

weak axial folds.

Apertiire triangular; parietal area

covered by a thick callous coatíng; col-

umella arched and reflected towards the

umbílicus; adapical part of outer líp not

modifíed by the terminatíon of spiral

cords; irnique angle on lip whích corre-

sponds to the basal carina and expands

the aperture laterally. Umbílicus wíde

and deep, allowing the previous whorls

to be seen, not limited by a carina;

umbilical wall convex, smooth, wíth

weak axial folds.

Dímensíons: the holotype is 1.66 mm

ín diameter.

Habitat : Bathyal species trawled at

126-135 m, on a muddy bottom (Stn.

T26).

Remarks : The holotype was broken in

two píeces duríng study but there

remains enough to represen! the species

maínly because of the very uncommon

sculpture of the protoconch and so it ís

maíntaíned.

The species ís characterized by: the

decoratíon of the third phase of the pro¬

toconch; the presente of rounded cells

ín the spaces between the cords and the

carinae of the adapical part; the absenté

of nodules on the cords; the triangular

aperture and the presente of a unique

angle insíde the outer líp; the absence of

axial folds between the peripheral and

basal carinae.

The existente of three díííerent

periods or phases ín protoconch devel-

opment ís not common and we have no

explanation for them. In the present

species they seem to be very evident ín

the protoconch scars and sculpture.

Anticlimax puncticulata spec. nov. (Figures 41, 20A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27224 (Figs. 41, 20A) and 3 paratypes MNHN 27225 (Figs.

20B-D).

Material examined: (4 s): Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Philippínes, Bohol Island, Cortes, 9°41.8'N, 123°49.9/E, 80-100 m, reef slope with silt

[PANGLAO 2004: Stn. T18].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to the "micropunctate" aspect of the shell.

32

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 20A-F. Antidimax puncticuíata spec. nov. A: holotype, 1.29 mm Stn A53 (MNHN): B-B:

paratype 1.37, 1.5 mm (MNHN); E-F: protoconchs from the paratypes. Phílippínes, Bohol

Island, Cortes, Stn. T18, 30-100 m.

Figura \20A~F. Antíclímax puncticuíata spec. nov. A: holotipo , 1,29 mm Stn Á53 (MNHN): B-D:

paratipos 137, 1,5 mm (MNHN); E-F: protoconchas de los paratipos. Filipinas, Isla de Bohol, Cortes,

Stn . TI 8, 80-100 m.

33

IberuSy Suplemento 6, 2014

Distribution : Only known from the

Philippines, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn.

T18, 80=100 m.

Description: Shell very small (<1.5 mm),

wider than high, formed by 3 Vi whorls

separated by a slightly marked suture,

with a low spire, widely umbilicate.

The protoconch has 2 whorls, mea-

suring 340=370 jum in diameter and has

three distinct phases, the first phase and

the second phase, of about a half whorl,

are completely smooth; then appears a

third phase that is covered by small,

regularly distributed, elongated tuber-

cles. The teleoconch has 1 M whorl and 2

carinae; the basal carina is the more

prominen i, while the peripheral, which

develops in the last half whorl, may dis-

appear in some specimens.

The ornamentation is composed of

flattened spiral cords, axial ribs and

rounded cells in the spaces between the

cords. On the adapical part, the spiral

cords develop in zigzag, 4-5 cords can

be observed at the beginning of the

teleoconch and 15-16 on the last quarter-

whorl between the peripheral carina

and the suture; no nodulose cordlets are

apparent, while in the last quarter-

whorl the axial ribs become more

evident. The space between the carinae

has 5-6 spiral cordlets in zigzag and

rounded cells in their interspaces, seen

in an apertural position; in general, the

peripheral carina is scarcely developed:

in some specimens it may be observed

on the last quarter-whorl and in others

it hardly shows at all. Profile with a

convex spire and the space between the

carinae straight or slightly concave. Base

almost fíat, with evident axial ribs that

extend from the basal keel towards the

umbilicus, penetrating inside.

Aperture quadrangular, very wide;

parietal area with a marked angle and a

thin layer of callus that barely covers it;

columella arched, thickened at the base

and reflected towards the umbilicus,

forming thick folds on it; the adapical

part of outer lip not modified by the ter-

mination of spiral cords; the outer lip

shows a single angle which corresponds

to the basal carina and expands the

aperture laterally. The height and width

of the umbilicus allow the previous

whorls to be seen and the umbilical wall

is convex, with strong axial folds.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.29 mm

in diameter. The largest shell measures

1.50 mm in diameter.

Habitat: Circalittoral species trawled

at 80-100 m, on a muddy bottom with

sponges (Stn. T18).

Remarles: Anticlimax puncticulata spec.

nov. is characterized by the ornamenta¬

tion of the third phase of the protoconch,

intermediate between A. infaceta and A.

singularis ; the presence of rounded cells in

the spaces between the adapical cords and

the periphery; the absence of nodules on

the cords; the presence or absence in the

last quarter of the whorl of a peripheral

carina; the large apertural square with a

unique angle in the inner part of the outer

lip; the absence of marked axial folds

between the peripheral and basal carinae;

the axial costulation on its base and inside

the umbilicus.

As in Anticlimax infaceta , A. singularis ,

A. bicornis, A. bicarinata and A. fijiensis ,

there are three different periods or phases

in the protoconch development of Anti¬

climax puncticulata. This is not a common

situation and we have no explanation for

it. In the present species it is very evident

in the protoconch scars and sculpture.

Anticlimax bicarinata spec. nov. (Figures 3 A, 21A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27121 (Figs. 5A, 21A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Vanuatu, 15°40'S, 167°2Q'E, 622-625 m [MUSORSTOM 8: Stn. DW1072].

Etyrnology: The specific ñame alindes to the presence of the two peripheral carinae in the last whorl.

Distribution: Only known from Description: Shell very small (<1.5

Vanuatu, between 622-625 m. mm), depressed, bicarinate and widely

34

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 21A-F. Anticlimax hicarinata spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.3 mm MNHN; D: protoconch of

the holotype; E-F: microsculpture. Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM 8: Stn. DW1072, 622-625 m.

Figura 21A-F. Anticlimax bicarinata spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,3 mm MNHN; D: protoconcha del

holotipo; E-F: microescultura. Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM 8: Stn. DW1072, 622-625 m.

35

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

umbilicate; formed by about 3 Va whorls

of rapid growth.

Protoconch large in relation to the

size of the shell, about 400 jum in díame¬

te r, having about 2 whorls; it is a pp ar¬

en tly smooth in the first 1 Vi whorls, and

the remaining granulóse part has very

small tubercles and terminates with a

change when the new sculpture of the

teleoconch begins. Teleoconch with 1 Va

whorls, having two peripheral carinae

located respectively near the adapical

part of the shell and delimiting the base;

straight edge. The whole teleoconch is

covered by spiral cords of regular size,

which develop in zigzag and are crossed

by thick axial growth lines that make up

a ty pical reticule.

Profile with spire and base convex,

periphery fíat. At the base, the spiral

cords are more flattened and less

prominent, disappearing when they

reach the last quarter of whorl. Aper-

ture oval, prosocline; parietal area

covered by a thin callous coating; col-

umella slightly tilted, not thickened or

reflected towards the umbilicus; outer

lip with smooth margin, modified and

expanded laterally by the presence of

carinae, which form two angles inter-

nally. Umbilicus wide, allowing the pre-

vious whorls to be seen, delimited by a

thin carina which angles it; on its inner

wall only fine growth lines can be

observed.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.3 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Bathyal species dredged at

622-625 m.

Remarks : Thís species is character-

ized by the large protoconch (>400 jum

diameter) in relation to the diameter of

the shell (31%); the shape and location

of the peripheral carinae; the reticulum

formed by cords in zigzag and axial

growth lines; the umbilicus is wide

and limited by a thin carina.

Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. has a

very different profile with two more

prominent carinae (see below).

Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. (Figures 5B, 22A-F, 23A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN (27122, Figs. 5B, 22A-B) and one paratype MNHN 27123 (Fig.

22C) from the type locality; another paratype MNHN 27124 (Figs. 23A-C) from Stn. DW1334, 251-

257 m.

Material examined: (3 s): Fiji, MUSORSTOM 10: 2 s, Stn. DW1333, 16°5Q'S, 178°12'E, 200-215 m

(type material); 1 s, Stn. DW1334, 16°51'S, 178°14'E, 251-257 m (paratype).

Type locality: Fiji, 16°50.36'S, 178°12.55'E, 200-215 m [MUSORSTOM 10: Stn. DW1333].

Etymology: The specific ñame is that of the archipelago where the species was collected.

Distribution : Only known from Fiji,

its type locality, Stn. DW1334 and

DW1333.

Description: Shell small (<2.0 mm), of

flattened aspect, bicarinate and widely

umbilicate; formed by 4 whorls of quick

growth.

The protoconch has more than 1 Va

whorls (almost 2), placed at a slightly

higher level than the teleoconch, mea-

suring 340 ¡im in diameter and having

two distinct phases; the first is com-

pletely smooth and the second is com-

pletely covered by a grainy surface of

regular size; there is no labial varix.

Teleoconch with just 1 Va whorls, bicari¬

nate with two small keels, one periph¬

eral and the other basal, the latter most

expanding the circumference of the shell.

Ornamentation formed by spiral cords in

zigzag, axial ribs and cells of different

shape in the Ínter spaces between cords.

On the adapical part, initially 5

zigzagging spiral cords can be observed

that cross with axial striae to form

rounded cells in the interspaces between

the cords; on the last whorl the cords,

numbering 23 between suture and

peripheral keel, have small granules

that give a characteristic appearance.

The space between the keels is concave

and on it the spiral cords are crossed by

36

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlirnax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 22A-F. Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 1.64 mm MNHN; C: paratype5 1.6

mm (MNHN); D: protoconch of the holotype; E-F: microsculpture. Fiji, MUSORSTOM 10:

Stn. DW1333, 200-215 m.

Figura 22A-F. Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. A-B: holotipo, 1,64 mm MNHN; C: paratipo, 1,6 mm

(MNHN); D: protoconcha del holotipo; E-F: micro escultura. Fiyi, MUSORSTOM 10: Stn. DW1333,

200-215 m.

37

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 23A-E Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. A-C: paratype, 1.76 mm MNHN; D: protoconch; E-

F: microsculpture. Fiji, MUSORSTOM 10: Stn. DW1334, 251-257 m.

Figura 23A-F. Anticlimax fijiensis spec. nov. A-C: paratipo, 1,76 mm MNHN; D: protoconcha; E-F:

microescultura. Fiyi, MUSORSTOM 10: Stn. DW1334, 251-257 m.

38

RUBIO & RoláN: The gemís Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

fine sinuous axial ribs, formíng cells in

the interspaces.

Base convex, with axial ribs that

extend from the basal keel on the edge

of the umbilicus and rounded cells over

its entire surface. Umbilicus wide and

deep, allowing the previous whorls to

be seen; on the umbilical wall there are

some spiral cordlets and marked growth

lines. Aperture triangular, outer lip

expanded laterally, with two internal

angles corresponding to the carinae;

parietal area covered by a thin callous

coating; columella arched, thin edge d.

not reflected.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

1.64 mm in máximum diameter.

Habitat : Bathyal species dredged at

200-257 m.

Remarles: The characters of this

species which allow us to distinguish it

from other species of its group are the

fine granulation of the end of the proto-

conch and the concavity of the space

between the two carinae. From Anticli¬

max reinaudi spec. nov. it also differs in

lacking axial folds on the space between

the carinae. A. bicarinata spec. nov.

differs in having a flatter spire and in

the greater prominence of its carinae.

Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. (Figures 2B-E, 5C, 24A-F, 25A-H)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27132 (Figs. 5C, 24A-C).

Material examined: (2 spms, 1 s): Philippines, PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Panglao Island, Napaling, Stn.

B9, 8-10 m, caves in the reef wall (type material); 1 spm, Panglao Island, Doljo Point, Stn. B12,

9°35.6/N, 123°43.2,E, 24-27 m, reef slope; 1 spm, Panglao Island, Napaling, Stn. B21, 9°37.2'N,

123°46.4,E, 20-21 m, reef wall with small caves (Fig. 25).

Type locality: Panglao Island, Napaling, Philippines, 9°33.1'N, 123°44.0'E, 8-10 m, caves in the reef

wall [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. B9].

Etymology: This species is named after Gilberto Marani, informatics technician in the MNHN mala-

cology group, in recognition to his behind-the-scene contribution for maps, tables and graphs in

many malacological papers.

Distribution: Only known from Panglao

Island, Philippines, between 10 and 24 m.

Description: Shell small (<2 mm),

wider than high, formed by 3 Vi whorls

separated by an indistinct suture, with a

low spire, widely umbilicate.

The protoconch has 1 % whorls, mea-

suring about 330 jum in diameter and with

two distinct phases, the first one being

completely smooth while the second phase

is covered by a comma-shaped sculpture;

there is no thickening. The teleoconch has

1 3á whorls and 3 carinae, one peripheral,

one basal and one periumbilical. The oma¬

men (ation is composed of spiral cords,

ribs, axial folds and rounded cells in the

spaces between the cords.

On the adapical part, the spiral cords

cross the axial striae, with 5-6 cords

developed in zigzag on the first spire

whorl; in the last Vi whorl, about 15

nodulose cordlets can be seen.

The space between the carinae has 15

spiral cordlets, viewed in an apertural posi

tion; on the last whorl more than 40 axial

folds can be counted. Dorsum and base

are convex, the spaces between carinae are

concave. Base with a smooth wide area

near the basal carina and 5-6 wide and

narrow spiral cords intersected by weak

axial folds; a third periumbilical carina

angles and limits the umbilicus.

Aperture quadrangular; parietal area

covered by a thick callous coating; col¬

umella arched and reflected towards the

umbilicus; adapical part of the outer lip

is crenulated externally by the termina-

tion of the spiral cords; in the periphery

there are two angles that correspond to

each of the carinae; the larger angle cor-

responds to the basal carina and

expands the aperture laterally. Umbili¬

cus wide and deep, allowing the previ¬

ous whorls to be seen, limited by a

carina which angles it; umbilical wall

convex, smooth, with growth lines.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.80 mm

in diameter.

39

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 24A-F. Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.8 mm (MNHN): D: protoconch

(holotype); E-F: microsculpture. Philippines, Panglao Island, Napaling, Stn. B9, 8-10 m.

Figura 24A-F Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,8 mm (MNHN): D: protoconcha

(holotipo); E-F: microescultura. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao, Napaling, Stn. B9, 8-10 m.

40

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 25A-H. Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.6 mm: D: protoconch; E-F: microsculp-

ture; G: microsculpture of the protoconch; H: operculum. Philippines, Panglao Island, Napaling, Stn.

B21, 20-21 m.

Figura 25A-H. Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. A-C: concha, 1,6 mm: D: protoconcha; E-F: microescultura;

G: microescultura de la protoconcha; H: opérculo. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao, Napaling, Stn. B21, 20-21 m.

41

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Table III. Differences between species of group 3

Tabla III: Diferencias entre las especies del grupo 3 .

Operculum fine, multispiral and

with central nucleus (Figs. 2B-C) charac-

teristic of the species of Vitrinellidae.

Radula (Figs. 2D-E) taenioglossate,

formula 2-1-R-1-2. Central tooth very

wide; cutting edge with a main rounded

central cusp and 3 smaller cusps at each

side; lateral edges expanded and thick-

ened, free from the rest of base for most

of their length; base with a pair of denti-

cles, ventral enlargement with a well

developed U-like shape.

Lateral tooth elongate, similar to

central one, but its base lacks denticles;

cutting edge rather long, with a main

central cusp and 6-7 smaller cusps at

each side.

Marginal teeth long, curved; inner

marginal tooth with 7-8 small cusps on

the upper third of its outer edge; outer

marginal tooth similar in shape and size

to the inner marginal teeth, but lacking

cusps.

Habitat : Infralittoral species collected

by brushing at 8-10 m, inside caves in

the reef wall (Stn. B9); at 24-27 m, on the

reef slope (Stn. B12) and at 20-21 m in a

reef wall with small caves (Stn. B21).

Remarks : The lower prominent carina

with more distinct axial sculpture on its

lower part is very characteristic of this

species, and not present in others of its

group. In some shells this prominence is

attenuated.

The radula of Anticlimax maranii is

typical of Rissooidea or Truncatel-

loidea, and shows a great similarity

with that of Nozeba topaziaca (Hedley)

(in Ponder, 1984: 55, fig. Fl). This cióse

relationship between Tornidae and

Nozeba, has recently been proven by

Criscíone & Ponder (2013) after a

phylogenetic analysis of species of

Circulus, Pseudoliotia and Nozeba,

among others.

Another species which shows a great

similarity in its radula and operculum is

Cyclostremiscus calameli (Jousseaume,

1872), a vitrinellid of the western coast

of Africa (in Rolan & Rubio, 2002).

It is also very similar to the radula of

Tornus subcarinatus (Montagu, 1803),

type species of the genus (in Rolan &

Rubio, 2002), but the operculum of this

species is oval and paucispiral, with a

subcentral nucleus.

42

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Group 3

Description : Low conic spire, shell wider

than high. Protoconch: F2 with tubercles

or fine short threads. Teleoconch: bicari-

nate; usually with strong axial folds

between the peripheral carina and the basal

one; the adapical part covered by cords or

by spiral grooves. Aperture quadrangular.

This group is formed by 10 species:

A. reinaudi, A. serrata , A. tamarae, A.

aitormonzoi, A. cyclist, A. dentata, A. elata,

A. solomonensis, A. fastigata and A. rhi-

naceros.

Table III with their most important

differential characters may be useful.

Anticlimax reinaudi spec. nov. (Figures 5D, 26A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27120 (Figs. 5D, 26A-C).

Material examined: Only of the type locality.

Type locality: Vanuatu, NE Malo Island, 15°38.5'8, 167°15.1'E, 13 m, sand and dead coráis [SANTO

2006: Stri. DB86].

Etymology: This species is named after Guy Reinaud, Presiden! of Pro-Natura International, co-

organiser with MNHN of the "Our Planet Reviewed" expeditions.

Distribution : Only known from

Vanuatu at 13 m.

Description: Shell very small (<1.5

mm), depressed, formed by 3 whorls of

rapid growth, separated by a scarcely

marked suture; carínate, widely umbili-

cate and with thick axial folds.

Protoconch about 370 jum in diameter

and with 1 3A whorls; the nucleus and the

first % of whorl are smooth, the remain-

ing whorl is covered by coarse granules of

different sizes, randomly distributed; the

end of the protoconch is evident. The teleo-

conch has a little more than 1 whorl; two

marked carinae angle the periphery and

a third one outlines the umbilicus. Spire

convex, periphery and base almost fíat.

Ornamentation formed by spiral cords,

ribs and axial striae. On the adapical part

the cords cross the axial striae forming

little raised nodules; on the periphery, the

number of cords increases, they are finer

and more numerous, but the axial striae

domínate; at the base, which is almost fíat,

there are numerous, fine spiral cords and

axial ribs that increase as they get closer

to the umbilicus, but fade on the last part

and do not form folds.

Aperture quadrangular; on its edge

there are four angulations: one in the

parietal area; another at the intersection

of the columella with the umbilical

carina and two more produced by the

peripheral carinae that modify the outer

lip. Only a slight callous layer covers the

parietal area; the columella is virtually

straight, not reflected or thickened; the

outer lip is not very thick. Umbilicus

large allowing the previous whorls to be

seen, limited by a carina that angles

forming a funiculus; on this wall slight

traces of spiral cords can barely be

observed.

Dimensions: The holotype is 1.26

mm in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral species found at

13 m on a sand and dead coral bottom.

Remarks: The most similar species to

Anticlimax reinaudi spec. nov. is Anticli¬

max serrata spec. nov., from which it

differs by the lower number of spiral

cords on the adapical part; its straight

columellar edge; the double angle

observed on the outer lip, formed by the

peripheral carinae, and by having a wide

umbilicus delimited by another carina.

Anticlimax serrata spec. nov. (Figures 5E, 27A-H)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27125 (Figs. 5E, 27A). Paratypes: 1 s MNHN 27126, (Figs. 27B-D)

from Palikulo Bay, Vanuatu, Stn. DB53, 5 m and 1 s MNHN 27127, from S Aoré Island, Vanuatu,

Stn. DB12, 10-18 m.

43

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 26A-F. Anticlimax reinaudi spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.26 mm (MNF1N); D: apical view

and protoconch (holotype); E-F: microsculpture. Vanuatu, NE Malo Island, Stn. DB86, 13 m.

Figura 26A-E Anticlimax reinaudi spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,26 mm (MNHN); D: vista apical y

protoconcha (holotipo); E-F: microescultura. Vanuatu, NE Isla de Malo, Stn. DB86, 13 m.

44

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 27A--H. Antidimax serrata spec. nov. A: holotype, 2.47 mm5 Vanuatu, S coast of Santo Island,

Belmoul lagoon* Stn. LS2? 3 m (MNHN); B~D: paratype, 2.3 mm3 Palikulo Bay, Vanuatu, Stn.

DB53, 5 m (MNHN); E: apical view and protoconcli (holotype); F-H: microsculpture and detall.

Figura 27A-H. Anticlimax serrata spec. nov. A; hoíotipo , 2,47 mm, Vanuatu , costa sur de la Isla de Santo ,

laguna Belmoul Stn . LS2, 3 m (MNHN); B-D: paratipo , 2.3 mm, Bahía de Palikulo , Vanuatu, Stn .

DB53 , 5 m (MNHN); E: vista apical y protoconcha (hoíotipo); F-H: micnescultura y detalle „

45

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Material examined: (3 s): Vanuatu, SANTO 2006: 1 s, Belmoul lagoon, S coast of Santo Isl., Stn. LS2,

15°35.5'S, 167°06.2'E/ 3 m (holotype); 1 s, Palikulo Bay, Stn. DB53, 15°28.8'S, 167°15.2,E/ 5 m (paratype);

1 s, S Aoré Island, Stn. DB12, 15°36.6'S, 167°10.1,E/ 10-18 m (paratype).

Type locality: Vanuatu, Belmoul lagoon, S coast of Santo Isl., 15°35.5,S, 167°06.2'E, 3 m [Exp. SANTO

2006: Stn. LS02].

Etymology: The specific ñame alludes to the prominent thick folds of the curved basal area, like a

serration.

Distribution : Only known from

Vanuatu, between 3 and 10 m.

Description: Shell small (<2.5 mm),

wider than high, formed by nearly 4

whorls separated by a hardly marked

suture, with a low spire, narrowly

umbilicate.

Protoconch with about 1 % whorls,

measuring about 310 jum, completely

smooth in its initial part and presenting

thick tubercles of variable size in the

remaining whorl, ending in a scar at the

beginning of the teleoconch.

The teleoconch has almost 2 !4

whorls and 2 peripheral carinae, the

lower one at first bluntly rounded and

becoming more acute towards the end.

The ornamentation is composed of spiral

cords, ribs and axial folds. The spiral

cords, starting at the first whorl, intersect

with the axial striae, developing in

zigzag and also into nodulose cordlets.

On the last whorl, starting from the

peripheral carina, 20 heavy axial ribs run

towards the base. These ribs are proso

cline, continued on the basal peripheral

carina, over which they develop into

thick folds. The base is slightly concave

and on it there are thick axial ribs located

next to the curved basal area and spiral

cordlets in its central area.

Aperture rounded; parietal area

covered by a callous coating, forming an

angle at the junction with the outer lip;

colurnella thick and reflected towards the

umbilicus, occluding it progressively; the

colurnella forms an expanded area at the

intersection with the outer lip, which has

a smooth margin and a strong angle at

the termination of the basal carina.

Umbilicus narrow and deep, not

delimited by a spiral cord; small axial

ribs can be observed inside.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.47 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Infralittoral species found

between 3 and 18 m depth.

Remarks : The most evident charac-

ters are the short and prominent axial

ribs at the periphery, not present in any

of the other known species, except A .

elata (see below).

Anticlimax tamarae spec. nov. (Figures 5F, 28A-F, 29A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27128 (Figs. 5F, 28A-B).

Material examined: (3 s): Solomon Islands: 1 s, SALOMON 1: Stn. CP1858, 9°37.Q'S, 160°42'E, 435-461

m (type material). Philippines: 2 s, PANGLAO 2005: Stn. DW2371, 8°35/N, 123°16'E, 172-175 m.

Type locality: Solomon Islands, 9°37.0/S, 160o42'E, 435-461 m [SALOMON 1: Stn. CP1858].

Etymology: The specific ñame is after Tamara Prieto Hernández, Galician biologist who was study-

ing Bioinformatics in the Autonomous University of Barcelona and Genómica in Xenética in the

University of Vigo.

Distribution : Only known from the

Solomon Islands, between 435-461 m

and the Philippine Islands, between 172-

175 m.

Description : Shell very small (>1.5

mm), depressed, solid, bicarinate, and

widely umbilicate.

Protoconch measuring about 340 jum,

with more than 1 3A whorls and 2 distinct

phases separated by an evident scar line;

the first Vi whorl is completely smooth

and the rest is covered by growth lines,

tubercles of different sizes and small

spiral threads that are grouped in the

suture zone, sometimes obliquely. Teleo¬

conch with 1 3A whorls and two periph¬

eral carinae, one in prolongation of the

suture and the other basal, which angle

46

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 28A-F. Anticlimax tamarae spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 1 .65 mm (MNHN); C: apical view and pro-

toconch of the holotype; D-F: microsculpture and detall. Solomon Islands, Stn. CP 1858, 435-461 m.

Figura 28A-F. Anticlimax tamarae spec. nov. A-B: holotipo, 1,65 mm (MNHN); C: vista apical y pro-

toconcha del holotipo; D-F: micro escultura y detalle. Islas Salomón, Stn. CP 1858, 435-461 m.

the shell The shell is completely covered

by spiral cords of different sizes that

develop in zigzag and cross with the

axial growth Unes forming a reticule. The

adapical part is covered by spiral cords,

wider on the central area and narrower

near the suture and the peripheral areas.

The periphery between the carinae is

completely covered by spiral cords; thick

sinuous axial folds develop between both

carinae, which seen apically give a star-

shaped profile to the shell.

The base is slightly convex and has

very broad and low spiral cords.

47

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 29A-F. Anticlimax tamarae spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.7 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch; E-F:

microsculpture. Philippines, PANGLAO 2005, Stn. DW2371, 172-175 m.

Figura 29A-E Anticlimax tamarae spec. nov. A-C: concha , 1,7 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha; E-F:

microescultura. Filipinas, PANGLAO 2005, Stn. DW2371, 172-175 m.

Umbilicus wide allowing the previous

whorls to be seen, completely covered

inside by spiral cords. Aperture oval,

prosocline; parietal area with a thick

callous coating; columella arched, very

reflected towards the umbilicus; outer

lip modified by the spiral cords but

mainly by the peripheral carinae which

angles it internally and prolong it later-

ally.

48

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.65 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Bathyal species dredged at

435-461 m in the Solomon Islands and at

172-175 m in the Philippines.

Remarks : The species is character-

ized by the large size and ornamenta-

tion of its protoconch; the axial folds

that develop between the peripheral

carinae; the spiral cords in zigzag

which are more evident on the peri-

phery; the large umbilicus fully covered

inside by spiral cords. No other species

looks like this.

Anticlimax aitormonzoi spec. nov. (Figures 5G, 30A-F, 31A-G)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27130 (Figs. 5G, 30A- B) and 8 paratypes M.NHN 27131 (Fig, 30C-D).

Material examined: (34 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 9 s, Panglao Island, off San Isidro, Sin.

T9, 9°33.5'N- 9°33.9'N, 123°49.5'-123°50.5'E, 97-120 m, fine sand with seagrass (type material); 3 s,

Between Panglao and Pamílacan Island, Stn. T27, 9°33;N, 123°5TE, 106-137 m, fine sand and mud

with echinoderms; 2 s, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. T26, 9°43'N, 123°49,E, 123-135 m, mud; 5 s, Panglao

Island, Bolod, Stn. T2, 9°32'N, 123°48'E, 152 m, coarse sand; 1 s, Panglao Island, Pontod Islet, Stn.

D4, , 9°33.TN, 123°44.0'E, 0-2 m, soft bottom with seagrass; 2 s, Bohol Island, west Baclayon, Stn.

T7, 9°36.1,N, 123°53.3'E, 61-62 m, muddy fine sand; 2 s, Panglao Island, off San Isidro, Philippines,

Stn. TIO, 9°33.4'N-9°33.8'N, 123°49.6/-123°5 1.5'E, 117-124 m, mud and fine sand; 8 s, Bohol Island,

west of Baclayon, Stn. T6, 9°35.1/N, 123°51.2'E, 34-82 m, coarse muddy sand with large sponges; 1

s, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. T18, 9041.8'N, 123°49.9'E, 80-100 m, muddy bottom with sponges; 1 s,

Panglao Island, Biking, Stn. SI, 9°35.3'N, 123°50.5'E, 5 m, reef slope with overhangs.

Type locality: Philippines, Panglao Island, off San Isidro, 9°33.5-33.9'N, 123°49.5-50.5/E, 97-120 m,

fine sand with seagrass [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. T9].

Etymology: The specific ñame is after the grandson of the first author Altor Monzó.

Distribution : Only known from

Panglao and Bohol islands, Philippines,

between 2 and 152 m.

Description: Shell small {<2.7 mm),

formed by 4 14 whorls separated by a

slightly marked suture; the shell is

wider than high, with a low spire and

narro wly umbilicate.

The protoconch has a little more

than 2 whorls, measures about 410 jum

in diameter, is completely smooth on its

initial part and has fine tubercles on the

remaining whorl, without any terminal

thickening. The teleoconch has 2 whorls

and 2 carinae, one peripheral, the other

basal. The ornamentation is composed

of spiral cords, axial folds and rounded

cells in the spaces between the cords. On

the adapical part, the first spire whorl

bears 4-5 spiral cords which develop in

zigzag Crossing the axial striae. Nodu-

lose cordlets appear after the first whorl,

26 on the last Vi whorl; in the area near

the peripheral carina, sinuous axial ribs

predominate over the cords.

The space between carinae has 15

spiral cordlets as seen in apertural posi-

tion. On the last half whorl, 20-22 thick

folds appear on the lower peripheral

carina being more prominent those near

the end of the whorl. Base with short

axial folds, and thin growth lines.

Aperture quadrangular; parietal area

covered by a broad callous layer; col-

umella arched, thick and reflected

towards the umbilicus; the outer lip has

a smooth margin and two angles, the

most prominent is situated at the level

of the basal carina and prolongs the lip

laterally. Umbilicus funnel-shaped,

narrow and deep, not bounded by a

spiral cord, inside there are 2-3 spiral

cordlets.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.76 mm

in diameter; the larger photographed

paratype is 2.6 mm.

Habitat: Species of wide bathymetric

distribution, found in infra-circalittoral

levels. Dredged at 0-2 m, in soft bottom

with seagrass (Stn. D4) and trawled at

152 m, in coarse sand bottom (Stn. T2);

at 61-62 m, in muddy fine sand bottom

(Stn. T7); at 97-120 m, in fine sand with

seagrass (Stn. T9); at 117-124 m, in mud

49

Iherus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 30A-F. Anticlimax aitormonzoi spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 2.76 mm (MNHN): C-D:

paratypes, 2.6, 2.4 mm (MNHN); E: protoconch of a paratype; F: microsculpture. Philippines,

Panglao Island, ofF San Isidro, Stn. T9, 97-120 m.

Figura 30A-F Anticlimax aitormonzoi spec. nov. A-B: holotipo, 2,76 mm (MNHN): C-D: paratipos,

2,6, 2,4 mm (MNHN); E: protoconcha de un paratipo; F: microescultura. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao,

frente a San Isidro, Stn. T9, 97-120 m.

and fine sand bottom (Stn. TIO); at 123-

135 m, in mud bottom (Stn. T26) and at

106-137 m, in fine sand and mud bottom

with echinoderms (Stn. T27).

Remarles: The differences with the

most similar species are: Anticlimax

bicornis spec. nov. has a wider umbilicus

and its periphery lacks prominences; A.

serrata spec. nov. has prominences all

over the periphery of the last whorl and

its umbilicus is more sculptured; A. rein-

audi spec. nov. has a fíat periphery, an

angled funnel shaped umbilicus and a

more sculptured protoconch.

50

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 31A-G. Anticlimax aitormonzoi spec. nov. A-B: shell, 2.18 mm (MNHN); C: paratype,

2.55 mm; D: protoconch; E-G: microsculpture and detail. Philippines, between Panglao and

Pamilacan Island, PANGLAO 2004, Stn. T27, 106-137 m, fine sand and muddy bottom with

echinoderms.

Figura 31A-G. Anticlímax aitormonzoi spec. nov. A-B: concha, 2,18 mm (MNHN); C: paratipo,

2,55 mm; D: protoconcha; E-G: microescultura y detalle. Filipinas, entre las islas de Panglao y Pami-

lacán, PANGLAO 2004, Stn. T27, 106-137 m, arena fina y fango con equinodermos.

51

IberuSy Suplemento 6, 2014

Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. (Figures 2F-G, 5H, 32A-G, 33A-F, 34A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27226 (Figs. 5H, 32A-C) and one paratype MNHN 27227.

Material examined: (4 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 2 s, Panglao Island, Looc, Stn. S32, 9°35.8'N,

123°44.6'E, 2-3 m, hard platean with sand covering rocks (type material). Papua New Guinea,

PAPUA NIUGINI: Stn PS43, 1 s, S Urembo I., 5°14.7'S, 145°47.4'E/ 14 rn, outer slope; 1 s, Bilbil Island,

Stn. PB29, 5°18'S, 145°46.1'E, 17 m

Type locality: Panglao Island, Looc, 9°35.8'N, 123°44.6'E, 2-3 m, hard platean with sand covering

rocks [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. S32],

Etymology: The specific ñame refers to the bicycle which has a similar toothed wheel.

Distribution: Only known from the

Philippines, between 2-3 m, and Papua

New Guinea, between 14 and 17 m.

Description: Shell small (>2 mm),

wider than high, formed by 3 Vi whorls

separated by a marked suture, with a

low spire, widely umbilicate.

The protoconch has 1 3á whorls,

measuring about 320 jum in diameter

and having two distinct phases; the first

is completely smooth and the second is

covered by thick tubercles. There is no

clear separation with the teleoconch

except by the change of sculpture. The

teleoconch has 2 whorls and 3 carinae,

one perípheral, one basal and one peri-

umbilical. The ornamentation is quite

complex; it is composed of spiral cords,

ribs and axial folds; rounded cells in the

spaces between ribs and a filiform mesh

occupying the cells.

On the adapical part, the spiral cords

cross with axial striae in the first whorl

to form 7 cords that develop in zigzag

and show rounded cells between the

cords; on the last whorl the ribs are

more evident and intersect with the

spiral cordlets to form small nodules;

LJp to 22-24 cords can be seen on the last

half whorl.

The space between carinae (periph-

eral-basal) shows more than 30 fine

spiral cordlets in apertural view; on the

last whorl there are 20-22 thick axial

folds on the the basal carina, which are

projecting further than the periphery.

Spire and base are convex, the space

between the carinae is concave. Base is

completely smooth on the last whorl; in

previous whorls the axial ribs are pre¬

dominan! over spiral cords, with a

groove-like space between the cords,

limited by the axial ribs. A third carina.

periumbilical, angles and limits the

umbilicus.

Aperture quadrangular; parietal area

covered by a thick callous coating, with

an angle at the point of unión of the

outer lip with the previous whorl; col-

umella arched and reflected towards the

umbilicus; adapical part of outer lip

crenulated externally by the the termi-

nation of the spiral cords; on it there are

two angles that correspond to each of

the carinae; the greater angle corre-

sponds to the basal carina and expands

laterally the aperture. Umbilicus height

and width, which allows the previous

whorls to be seen,limited by a cama that

angles it; umbilical wall convex, smooth,

with fine growth lines.

External anatomy: The soft parts (Fig.

2F-G) are here described based on the pho-

tographs of a living individual of Anticli¬

max cf. cyclist spec. nov. from SANTO

[DSCN1661]. The head has a long and

narrow snout, bilobed distally and a little

depressed. Long cephalic tentacles finely

ciliated in their distal half are observed

with an eye on a slight basal bulge. We

could not see any palliai tentacles on the

right side. The anterior end of the foot is

expanded into small lateral projections;

posteriorly the foot is rounded, no metapo-

dial tentacle was observed. Opercular lobe

simple; there are no tentacles associated

with the opercular lobe.

Colour: the buccal mass and an area

behind the eyes are palé red. Head,

snout, foot and cephalic tentacles are

translucent with opaque white flecks.

The early whorls of live specimens

are brown from the digestive gland

showing through the shell.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.68 mm

in diameter.

52

RUBIO & RoláN: The genu s Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 32A-G. Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.68 mm (MNFiN); D: umbilical view;

E: protoconch of the paratype; F-G: microsculpture. Panglao Island, Baclayon, Philippines, Stn.

S32, hard bottom with sand covering rocks, at 2-3 m.

Figura 32A-G. Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,68 mm (MNHN); D: vista umbilical; E:

protoconch a del paratipo; F-G: microescultura. Isla de Panglao, Baclayon, Filipinas, Stn. S32, fondo

duro con arena cubriendo las rocas, a 2-3 m.

53

Iherus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 33A-F. Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. A-C: shell, 3.0 mm; protoconch; E-F: microsculpture

and detail. Papua New Guinea, S Urembo Island, Stn. PS43, 14 m.

Figura 33A-F Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. A-C: concha , 3,0 mm; protoconcha; E-F: microescultura y

detalle. Papua Nueva Guinea, S de la Isla de Urembo, Stn. PS43, 14 m.

Habitat : Infralittoral species collected

in Philippines by suction on hard

plateau with sand covering rocks, at 2-3

m (Stn. S32). In Papua New Guinea it

has been dredged at 14 m (Stn. PS43)

and 17 m (Stn. PB29).

Remarks: The species is characterized

by the low spire; the spiral cords that

are nodulose on the adapical part; the

filiform ornamentation that mns

through the cells and the completely

smooth base.

The species with which it has more

similarity is Anticlimax maranii spec.

nov. which differs by the adapical nodu¬

lose cords; the greater number of spiral

cordlets and smaller number of axial

folds in the space between the periph-

54

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 34A-F. Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. A-C: shell, 2.3 mm; D: protoconch; E-F: microsculpture

and detail. Papua New Guinea, Bilbil Island, Stn. PB29, 17 m.

Figura 34A-F. Anticlimax cyclist spec. nov. A-C: concha, 2,3 mm; D: protoconcha; E-F: microescul-

tura y detalle. Papua Nueva Guinea, Isla de Bilbil, Stn. PB29, 17 m.

eral and basal carinae, and in having the

base completely smooth.

From A. dentata spec. nov. it is distin-

guished by its very low spire; the

smaller size of its protoconch; the lack of

ornamentation both on its base and

umbilical wall and the less elevated

aperture.

55

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. (Figures 51, 35A-F, 36A-F, 37A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27194 (Figs. 51, 35A-B).

Material examined: (9 s): Philippines» PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Pamilacan Island, Stri. S22, 9°29.4/N,

123°56.0,E, 15-20 m, hard ground covered with sand; 1 s, Panglao Island, Biking, Stn. SI, 9°35.3'N,

123°50.5'E, 5 m, reef slope with overhangs; 1 s, Bohol Island, Ubajan, Stn. S25, 9°41.5'N, 123°51.0'E, 21

m, muddy (type material); 2 s, Bohol Island, Baclayon, Stn. S32, 9°35.8,N, 123°44.6'E, 60-62 m, muddy

sand. Papua New Guinea. PAPUA NIUGINI: 2 s, S Megas Islet, Stn. PS12, 5°05.3'S, 145°48.6'E, 6 m; 1

s, S Yabob L, Stn. PD66, 5°15.5'S, 145°47.3/E, 2-6 m; 1 s, Hargun L, Stn. PS18, 5°01.6'S, 145°48.1,E, 16 m.

Type locality: Philippines, Bohol Island, Ubajan, 9°41.5/N, 123°51.0/E, 21 m, muddy bottom

[PANGLAO 2004: Stn. S22].

Etymology: The specific ñame refers to the peripheral carina with prominences that look like teeth.

Distribution : Only known from the

Philippines, between 5 and 60 m, and

Papua New Guinea, between 6 and 16 m.

Description : Shell small (<3.2 mm),

with a relatively high spire, strongly

bicarinate and widely umbilicate.

The protoconch measures about 450

jum, has 1 34 whorls and 2 distinct

phases; the first is completely smooth

and the second is covered with thick

tubercles scattered randomly. The teleo-

conch has 2 whorls and two carinae

which angle the shell, one situated

peripherally and the other basally. The

ornamentation is composed of spiral

cords, ribs and axial folds and rounded

or quadrangular cells in the spaces

between the cords, that have fine

threads inside.

On the adapical part, the spiral cords

develop in zigzag. At the beginning of

the teleoconch 6 cords can be observed,

which subsequently intersect with the

axial ribs forming nodules; on the last

quarter-whorl, between the peripheral

carina and the suture there are up to 15-

16 cords. The space between the periph¬

eral and the basal carinae is fully

covered by spiral cordlets and axial ribs

which turn into thick folds extending

from the middle area towards the basal

carina. Up to 19 thick axial folds of

similar shape and size may be seen on

the last half whorl. The base is fíat and

completely covered by spiral cordlets

and axial growth-lines.

The umbilicus is wide and deep, lim-

ited by a carina which angles it; in its in¬

terior there are spiral cordlets and marked

growth lines; umbilical wall convex. Aper-

ture quadrangular, prosocline, very high;

parietal area with a thick callus; columel-

la arched, thickened and reflected towards

the umbilicus; outer lip modified by the

basal carina which angles it intemally and

prolongs it laterally; adapical edge of the

outer lip crenulated externally by the ter¬

mina tion of the spiral cords.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.35 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Infralittoral species collected

by suction at 15-20 m, on hard substrate

covered with sand (Stn. S22); on a reef

slope with overhangs at 5 m (Stn. SI); on

a muddy bottom at 21 m (Stn. S25) and

on a muddy sand bottom, at 60-62 m

(Stn. S32). In Papua New Guinea it has

been collected between 2 and 16 m.

Remarks : The species is characterized

by its high spire, the very wide proto¬

conch and the ornamentation on phase 2

(of the protoconch); the regularity of the

spiral cords on the adapical part; the

regularity of shape and size of the axial

folds in the space between carinae; the

periumbilical carina, the high aperture

and the presence of one single external

angle on the external lip.

Anticlimax elata spec. nov. (Figures 6A, 38A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27193 (Figs. 6A, 38A-B).

Material examined: (4 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Bohol Island, Manga, Stn. S21, 9°41.7'N,

123°50.9/E, 4-12 m, reef slope with silt (type material); 1 s, Bohol Island, Ubajan, Stn. S25, 9°41.5'N,

56

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 35A-F. Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 2.35 mm, (MNHN); C: protoconch

(holotype); D-F: microsculpture. Philippines, Bohol Island, Ubajan, Stn. S25, 21 m.

Figura 35A-F Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. A-B : holotipo, 2,35 mm, (MNHN); C: protoconch

(holotipo); D-F: microescultura. Filipinas, Isla de Bohol, Uhajan, Stn. S25, 21 m.

57

Iherus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 36A-F. Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. A-B: shell, 2.3 mm (MNHN): C: protoconch; D-E:

microsculpture. F: microsculpture of the protoconch. Philippines, Pamilacan Island, Stn. S22, 15-20 m.

Figura 36A-F. Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. A-B: concha, 2,3 mm (MNHN): C: protoconcha ; D-E:

micro escultura. F: microescultura de la protoconcha. Filipinas, Isla de Pamilacán, Stn. S22, 15-20 m.

58

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 37A-F. Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. A: shell, 3.1 mm, Stn. PS18; B-C: shells, 2.9, 2.2 mm,

Stn. PS12; D: protoconch; E-F: microsculpture. S Megas Islet, Papua New Guinea, Stn. PS12, 6 m.

Figura 37A-F Anticlimax dentata spec. nov. A: concha, 3,1 mm, Stn. PS18; B-C: conchas, 2,9, 2,2 mm, Stn.

PS12; D: protoconcha; E-F: microescultura. S Islote de Megas, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn. PS12, 6 m.

59

Iherus, Suplemento 6, 2014

123°51.0'E, 21 m, mud; 2 s, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. T18, 9°41.8'N, 123°49.9'E, 80-100 m, muddy

bottom with sponges.

Type locality: Philippines, Bohol Island, Manga, 9°41.7'N, 123°50.9'E, 4-12 m, reef slope with silt.

Etymology: The specific ñame alludes to the high spire, infrequent in the group.

Distribution: Only known from the

Philippines between 12 and 80 m.

Description: Shell small (<2.Q mm),

formed by 3 Vi whorls, with a relatively

high spire, strongly bicarinate and

widely umbilicate.

The protoconch measures about 270

¡urn, has 1 % whorls and 2 distinct

phases; the first is completely smooth

and the second is covered with thick

tubercles scattered randomly. The teleo-

conch has 1 3á whorls and two carinae

which angle the shell, one peripheral

and the other basal. The ornamentation

is composed of spiral cords, ribs and

axial folds with rounded cells in the

spaces between cords.

On the adapical part, the spiral cords

develop in zigzag. Seven cords may be

observed at the beginning of the teleo-

conch, which are subsequently trans-

formed into nodules by the Crossing of the

axial ribs, and become 17 ín the last

quarter-whorl between the peripheral

carina and the suture. The space between

the peripheral and the basal carinae is fully

covered by spiral cordlets, whose number

increases when cióse to the aperture, and

by axial ribs that develop into thick folds

from halfway down and over the basal

carina. There are 14-15 thick axial folds on

the last whorl, which give the shell a star-

like profile in apical view. The base is

concave and completely covered by thick

axial folds and spiral cordlets.

Umbilicus narrow and deep, pro-

gressively occluded by the thickening of

the columella; in its interior there are

spiral cordlets. Aperture quadrangular,

prosocline; parietal area with a thick

callous layer; columella arched, thick-

ened at the base forming a cord that

occludes the umbilicus; outer lip modi-

fied by the carinae which angle it inter-

nally and also prolong it laterally.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.34 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Infra-circalittoral species

suctioned at 4-12 m, on reef slope with

silt and mud, at 21 m (Stn. S25); trawled

on muddy bottom with sponges at 80-

100 m (Stn. T18).

Remarles: The species is characterized

by its high spire; the small size of the

protoconch; the regularity of the nodu-

lose cords and the large axial folds; its

quadrangular aperture and the columel-

lar thickening forming a cord that

occludes the umbilicus.

Anticlimax serrata spec. nov. is

extremely similar but is more depressed,

has a slightly larger protoconch, more

axial peripheral ribs and the umbilical

funnel is smaller.

Anticlimax solomonensis spec. nov. (Figures 6B, 39A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27196 (Figs. 6B, 39A-B).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Solomon Islands, 8°40'S, 160°04'E, 396-411 m [SALOMON 1: DW1762].

Etymology: The specific ñame is of the archipelago where the holotype was found.

Distribution: Only known from the

Solomon Is. between 396-411 m.

Description: Shell small (<2 mm),

with a relatively high spire, strong,

bicarinate and narrowly umbilicate.

The protoconch measures about 340

jum, has 2 whorls and 2 distinct phases;

the first phase is completely smooth but

the second, seemingly smooth, has thin

growth lines near the suture. The teleo-

conch has just over 1 Vi whorls and two

carinae which angle the shell, one

peripheral and the other basal.

The ornamentation is composed of

spiral nodulose cords, ribs and axial

folds; cells of different shape occur in

60

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 38A-E. Anticlimax data spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 1.34 mm (MNHN): C: protoconch

(holotype); D-E: microsculpture. Philippines, Bohol Island, Manga, Stn. S21, 4-12 m.

Figura 38A-E. Anticlimax data spec. nov. A-B: holotipo , 1,34 mm (MNHN): C: protoconcha

(holotipo); D-E: microescultura. Filipinas , isla de Bohol, Manga, Stn . S21, 4-12 m.

61

Iberus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 39A-F. Anticlimax solomonénsis spec. nov. A-B: hoiotype, 1.5 mm (MNHN): C: protoconch

(holotype); D-F: mícrosculpture. Soloman Islands, SALOMON 1, DW1762, 396-411 m.

Figura 39A-E Antíclimax solomonénsis spec. nov. A~B: hoiotipo , 1,5 mm (MNHN): C: pntoconcha

(holotipo); D-F: micmescultura. Mas Salomón , SALOMON 1, DW1762, 396-411 m.

the spaces between the cords. On the

adapícal part the spíral cords are devel-

oped ín zigzag; three thíck cords may be

observed at the beginníng of the teleo-

conch, which subsequently and by the

effect of the axial ribs become nodulose

and reach 12-14 in number on the last

half whorl between the perípheral

carina and the suture; sínce the nodules

are high, the cells that occupy the spaces

between cords also are so. In the space

between fhe carinae the axial ribs pre¬

domínate over the spiral cords forrmng

rounded cells in the inferspaces.

On the last half whorl, the cords

become finer and more numerous, the axial

ribs are transformed into thíck axial folds

of triangular aspect which extend from

the perípheral to the basal carina and the

cells dísappean The base ís very convex

and bears spíral cordlets together with

axial ribs and cells in the interspaces; in

62

RUBIO & KoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

the last Vz whorl there are axial folds.

Umbílícus narrow and deep, límíted by a

thíck cord whích occludes ít progressively

by the thíckeníng of the base of the col-

umella. Aperture triangular, prosoclíne;

parietal area wíth a thick callous coating;

columella arched, thick and reflected

towards the umbílícus, wíth a thíckening

at the base whích forms the periumbilical

cord; outer lip margín modified only by

the angle corresponding to the basal carina,

whích prolongs ít lateraüy.

Dímensíons: the holotype is 1.5 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Bathyal species dredged in

396-411 m.

Remarles: The Ipecies ís characterized

by íts hígh spite; the lower number of cords

at the beginning of the teleoconch; the ele-

vated nodul.es of the cords as well as the

deep cells of the spaces beíween cords; the

large axial folds of triangular aspect and

the umbílícus closed by the cord gener-

ated by the thíckening of the columella.

Anticlimax fastígata spec. nov. (Figures 6C, 40A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27228 (Figs. 6C, 40A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Papua Nueva Guinea, Lauhamug 1 , 4°59.4Í5, 145°47.6'E, 10 m [PAPUA NIUGINI:

Stn. PS20].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to the pointed end of the spire (from the Latín fastigatus, - a ,

-um whích means relévate").

Distribuiion : Only known from

Papua Nueva Guinea, at 10 m.

Description : Shell small (<3 mm),

somewhat hígh, strong, robust, bícari-

nate and umbílícate.

The protoconch mensures 260-290

fim and has a little more than 1 Vz

whorls. There are two distinct phases,

the fírst, approxímately % of whorl, is

completely smooth and the second,

which ís partialiy concealed by the

teleoconch, presents randomly dístríb-

uted thick tuberdes.

The teleoconch has 2 whorls and two

thick carínae, one perípheral and

another basal, that angle the shell

markedly.

Grnamentation formed by cords and

spiral grooves, ríbs and axial folds. The

adapícal part ís fully covered by spiral

cords of different sízes, not nodulose,

developíng in zigzag, wíth 3 cords at the

beginning of the teleoconch whích

become 16 at the end, between the suture

and the perípheral carina; some of these

cords are dívíded into two fíner ones

near the lip; the space between cords, on

the fírst whorl is occupíed by oval cells

that are transformed ínto grooves on the

last whorl; nexf to the lip, 3-4 thick axial

ríbs develop irregularly in shape and

very cióse together, thíckening the outer

lip and projectíng the perípheral carina

outward. The períphery ís delímíted by

two strong carinae which angle the shell;

between both carínae, fine spiral cordlets

are developed, as well as ríbs and thick

undulafíng folds, nuniberíng 9-10 spiral

cordlets, 10 ribs and 12 thick axial folds

on the last whorl.

The base is slightly convex and ís

covered by spiral cords which are

dívíded ínto two as they approach the

lip. Umbílícus narrow and deep, not

Ümited by any carina. Aperture quad-

rangular, prosoclíne, ínner and outer

líps very coarse, expanded outwards;

parietal area covered by a thíck callous

coating forming a marked angle; col¬

umella arched, very reflected towards

the umbílícus and developíng an exten¬

sivo callous area. af the base; outer lip

modified by the two carinae that angle ít

ínternaliy and expand ít outwards.

Dímensíons: the holotype is 2.67 mm

in diameter.

Habitat Infralittoral species dredged

at 10 m depth.

Remarles: No other studíed species

has the morphological characters

observed ín A. fastigata . The species is

characterized by íts robustness; the

63

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 40A-F. Anticlimax fastigata spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.67 mm; D: protoconch (holotype);

E-F: microsculpture. Lauhamug Island, Papua New Guinea, Stn. PS20, 10 m.

Figura 40A-E Anticlimax fastigata spec . nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,67 mm; D: protoconcha (holotipo); E-

F: microescultura. Isla de Lauhamug, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn. PS20, 10 m.

strength of the carinae; the small size of

its protoconch; the thick axial folds that

develop between the carinae; the axial

folds that develop on the adapical part.

next to the lip, that project the peripheral

carina outwardly; the narrow and deep

umbilicus; the thick quadrangular aper-

ture and the lips projected outwards.

64

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The gemís Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 41A-F. Anticlimax rhinoceros spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.65 mm; D: protoconch of the

holotype; E-F: microsculpture. W Wonad Island, Papua New Guinea, Stn. PS32, 19 m.

Figura 41A-F. Anticlimax rhinoceros spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,65 mm; D: protoconcha del holotipo ;

E-F: microescultura. O de la isla de Wonad, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn. PS32, 19 m.

Anticlimax rhinoceros spec. nov. (Figures 6D, 41A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27229 (Figs. 6D, 41 A-C)

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Papua New Guinea, West Wonad L, 5°08.rS, 145°49.3'E, 19 m [PAPUA NIUGINI: Stn. PS32].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to the profile in apical view, which can recall the outline of

a rhinoceros.

Distribution : Only known from Description: Shell small (<2 mm).

Papua New Guinea, at 19 m. bicarinate, wider than high, formed by 3

65

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Table IV. Differences between species of group 4.

Tabla TV: Diferencias entre las especies del grupo 4.

Va whorls separated by a shallowly

marked suture, with a low spire, nar¬

ro wly umbilicate.

The teleoconch has a little more than

1 whorl and 2 carinae, one peripheral

and the other basal. The ornamentation

is composed of spiral nodulose cords,

ribs and axial folds; the spiral cords cross

the axial ribs forming in the first half-

whorl very nodulose cords that begin to

develop in zigzag and then disappear.

Both the subsutural and periumbili-

cal spiral cords present characteristic

thick nodules. On the last whorl, from

halfway down the space between

carinae toward the base there are about

14 thick axial folds. These folds become

thicker as the approach the basal carina.

The base is almost fíat and is completely

decorated with thick axial ribs crossed

by fine spiral cordlets.

Aperture triangular; parietal area

covered by a thick callous coating, forming

an angle at the junction with the outer lip;

columella arched, thick and reflected

towards the umbilicus, but without occlud-

ing it; outer lip with smooth, with an

unmodified margin except for a marked

angle near the basal carina which prolongs

it laterally. Umbilicus wide and deep,

allowing the previous whorls to be seen;

umbilical wall straight, with spiral cords.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.65 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Infralitoral species dredged

at 19 m depth.

Remarks : Anticlimax rhinoceros is

characterized by the nodulose cords on

the first Vi whorl of the teleoconch; by

the cord of thick nodules that runs next

to the suture; by its fíat base and the

wide folds that limit the basal carina; by

the periumbilical nodulose cord; by the

concentration of thick folds on the basal

carina, next to the outer lip, and by the

great inclination of the aperture.

Other species such as A. niasensis, A.

padangensis have a similar profile; they

differ from A. rhinoceros spec. nov. in A.

padangensis having less folds on the

basal carina and A. niasensis having a

thick subsutural cord of strong tubercles

and another periumbilical cord with

smaller tubercles.

66

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Group 4

Description : Low cónica! spire. Teleo-

conch: A marked and/or prominent

basal carina which angles the external

lip and prolongs it laterally. Adapically

rounded. Ornamentation of fine spiral

grooves in zigzag. Base with light axial

folds. Aperture rounded; columella not

very thick and reflected. Umbilicus

almost closed by a thickening of the col-

umellar callus.

This group is formed by 9 species: A.

textilis, A. vanuatuensis, A. levis, A. spi-

ralis, A. simplex, A. uniformis, A. maes-

tratii, A. philippinensis and A. imifatrix.

Table IV gives a useful summary of

their differences.

Anticlimax textilis spec. nov. (Figures 6E, 42A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27197 (Figs. 6E, 42A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: New Caledonia, 22°39'S, 167°10'E, 202-227 m [BATHUS 2: Stn. DW715].

Etymology: The specific ñame refers to the similarity of the shell microsculpture to textiles.

Distribution: Only known from New

Caledonia, between 202-227 m.

Description : Shell flattened, solid,

keeled at its base, formed by 3 Vi rapidly

increasing whorls. Protoconch formed

by 2 whorls, placed at a level higher than

the teleoconch, measuring about 360 ¡um

in diameter; it is apparently smooth,

although its distal portion shows a short

section which is rough with irregular

threads, ending with a slight line and the

change of sculpture. The teleoconch has

2 quickly increasing whorls, separated

by a marked suture; a peripheral keel

defines the base where there is no cord

or carina. Adapical part and base of the

shell both convex. At the beginning of

the teleoconch there are a few spiral

zigzag sulci separating a few wide cords.

On the last Vi whorl, at the base, near

the basal keel, a concave area is formed

which modifies the outer lip. Ornamen¬

tation composed of rather low spiral

cords, wider than their interspaces,

which are crossed by fine axial striae.

Aperture oval, prosocline; parietal area

covered by a thick callous coating; col¬

umella arched, thickened and reflected

towards the umbilicus; outer lip

smooth, with a sharp edge, modified by

the basal keel and by a concave sinus in

its basal part, which determines a char-

acteristic angulation. Narro w and deep

umbilicus which does not allow the

earlier whorls to be seen, gradually

closed by the thickening and reflection

of the columella.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

2.09 mm in diameter.

Habitat : Bathyal species dredged at

202-227 m.

Remarks : The obvious characteristic

is the presence of the teleoconch

microsculpture, simple at the beginning

and very fine and complex at the end.

Anticlimax textilis spec. nov. differs

from A. vanuatuensis , A. levis and A. spi-

ralis, by the carinate profile of the shell;

the larger size and different ornamenta¬

tion of the protoconch and the sinus in

the basal part of the outer lip. A. simplex

is distinguished by the different orna¬

mentation of the protoconch and lacking

spiral nodulose cords on the first whorl

of the teleoconch. A. uniformis differs by

having the protoconch smaller and with

a different ornamentation and lacking the

prominent basal keel of the teleoconch.

Anticlimax vanuatuensis spec. nov. (Figures 6F, 43A-E, 44A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27198 (Figs. 6F, 43A-C). Paratype MNHN 27199 (Figs. 44A-C)

from Segond Channel, vicinity of Maritime College, Stn. LD21, 1-6 m.

67

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Material examined: (2 s): Vanuatu, SANTO 2006: 1 s, W Tangoa Island, Stn. LD39, 15°35.4'S,

166°58.7,E/ 6-9 m, fine brownish mineral sand (holotype); 1 s, Segond Channel, vicinity of Maritime

College, Stn. LD21, 15031.3'S, 167°09.9'E, 1-6 m, grey mineral sand (paratype).

Type locality: Vanuatu, W Tangoa Island, 15°35.4,S, 166°58.7'E, 6-9 m, fine brownish mineral sand

[SANTO 2006: Stn. LD39].

Etymology: The specific ñame refers to that of the island where the species was collected.

Distribution : Only known from

Vanuatu Island ai 6 m.

Description: Shell very small (<1.5

mm), solid, with a rounded periphery,

umbilicus small and deep, almos!

occluded by a columeilar thickening;

outer lip very prolonged laterally.

Protoconch of about 310 jum in diam

eter and almost 2 whorls, the first is

almost smooth, and the second has thick

tubercles and fragments of cords over its

surface; it ends at the beginning of the

sculpture of the teleoconch. This has 1 Vi

whorls of rapid growth; thick spiral

cords, becoming smaller at the end and

attenuated in the adapical part, develop

in zigzag and cover all the shell; at the

middle of the base, which is strongly

convex, thick cords and axial ribs arise,

ending at the umbilical edge.

The periphery is rounded and there

is no carina until the last half whorl,

where a moderately thick one develops,

sufficient to produce a thickening and

angulation of the outer lip. In the

peripheral basal zone cióse to the outer

lip, the spiral cords disappear, leaving

only fine ramified lines.

Aperture rounded, forming 3 char-

acteristic angles: one at the unión of the

parietal area with the outer lip; a

second, at the base, formed by the col-

umellar thickening and subsequent

reflection towards the umbilicus and

finally, the basal peripheral angle,

which expands the aperture laterally.

Umbilicus narrow and deep, almost

completely occluded by the columeilar

callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.35 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Infralittoral species dredged

at 6-9 m in fine brownish mineral sand

bottom (Stn. LD39) and at 1-6 m in grey

mineral sand bottom (Stn. LD21).

Remarks: Its rounded periphery, the

lack of thick carinae which angle the shell

and the angle that expands the outer lip

laterally, characterize the species.

The most similar species to Anticli¬

max vanuatuensis spec. nov. is A. levis,

which differs by the ornamentation of

the protoconch and teleoconch and by

having axial folds on the base.

From A. textilis spec. nov. it differs in

the smaller size of its protoconch; by

lacking the sinus on the basal part of the

outer lip and by a different ornamenta¬

tion of the teleoconch; and because A.

vanatuensis lacks a peripheral keel.

A. spiralis, A. simplex and A. uniformis

are distinguished by the different orna¬

mentation of the second phase of the

protoconch.

A. textilis and A. uniformis by the

lack of a basal keel. A. simplex for

lacking spiral nodulose cords on the

first whorl of the teleoconch.

A. niasensis (Thiele, 1925) has a

median peripheral carina on the entire

last whorl.

A. padangensis (Thiele, 1925) has a

strong spiral sculpture on the adapical

part.

Anticlimax levis spec. nov. (Figures 6G, 45A-D)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27200 (Figs. 6G, 45A-B).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Philippines, Bohol island, west of Baclayon, 9°35.1/N, 123°51.2'E, 34-82 m, coarse

muddy sand with large sponges [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. T6].

Etymology: The specific ñame is from the Latin adjective levis -e, which means "smooth, polished",

alluding to the smooth adapical part of the greater part of the shell.

68

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 42A-F. Anticlimax textilis spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.09 mm (MNHN); D: apical view and

protoconch (holotype); E-F: detall of the microsculpture. New Caledonia, BATHUS 2, Stn.

DW715, 202-227 m.

Figura 42A-F. Anticlimax textilis spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,09 mm (MNHN); D: vista apical y pro -

toconcha (holotipo); E-F: detalle de la microescultura. Nueva Caledonia, BATHUS 2, Stn. DW715,

202-227 m.

69

Iherus , Suplemento 6, 2014

view and protoconch (holotype); E-F: microsculpture. Vanuatu, W Tangoa Island, Stn. LD39, 6-9

m, muddy sand bottom.

Figura 43A-F Anticlimax vanuatuensis spec. nov. A-C: holotipo , 1,35 mm (MNHN); D: vista apical

y protoconcha (holotipo); E-F: microescultura. Vanuatu, O de la isla Tangoa, Stn. LD39, 6-9 m, fondo

arenoso y fangoso.

70

RUBIO & Rolan: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 44A-E. Anticlimax vanuatuensis spec. nov. A-C: paratype, 1.4 mm (MNHN); D: proto-

conch of the same paratype; E: microsculpture. Vanuatu, Segond Channel, vicinity of Maritime

College, Stn. LD21, 1-6 m, sandy bottom.

Figura 44A-E. Anticlimax vanuatuensis spec. nov. A-C: paratipo, 1,4 mm (MNHN); D: proto concha

del mismo paratipo; E: microescultura. Vanuatu, Canal Segond, cerca del Maritime College, Stn.

LD21, 1-6 m, fondo arenoso.

71

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 45A-D. Anticlimax levis spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 2.0 mm (MNHN); C: protoconch of the

holotype; D: detail of the microsculpture. Philippines, Bohol Island, west of Baclayon, Stn. T 6,

34-82 m, coarse muddy sand with large sponges.

Figura 45A-D. Anticlimax levis spec. nov. A-B: holotipo, 2,0 mm (MNHN); C: protoconcha del

holotipo; D: detalle de la microescultura. Filipinas, isla de Bohol, Oeste de Baclayon, Stn. T6, 34-82 m,

arena gruesa fangosa con grandes esponjas.

Distribution: Only known from the

Philippines, its type locality between 34-

82 m.

Description: Shell small (about 2.00

mm), solid, formed by 4 lA whorls of rapid

growth, suture barely visible, carinate

basally, with a low spire and narrowly

umbilicate. The protoconch is located at a

higher level than the teleoconch, measures

320 jum, has 1 3á whorls and 2 distinct

phases; the first is completely smooth and

the second bears well-marked growth

lines. The teleoconch has about 2 whorls

and shows a single carina in a basal posi-

tion, that develops on the last half whorl.

Adapical part and base very convex,

periphery rounded.

On the adapical part of the first

spiral whorl, 4 thick zigzagging spiral

cords can be observed; the spaces

between the cords are initially occupied

by rhomboidal cells that change into

grooves from the first quarter-whorl and

disappear after the first whorl, appear-

ing again near the aperture; more than

30 spiral cords can be counted, distrib-

uted between the suture and the basal

carina. Base convex, not limited by the

basal carina until the last Vi whorl; deco-

rated with spiral cords in zigzag and

rhomboid cells in the spaces between

the cords, as well as marked growth-

lines, which do not form ribs; on the last

half whorl, the ornamentation of the

72

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticíirnax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

base disappears, leaving only the

growth lines.

Aperture triangular, prosocline; pari¬

etal area covered by a thin callous coating;

columella arched, very thick and reflected

towards the umbilicus, forming in addi-

tion a very thick columellar callus which

tends to cióse the umbilicus progressively.

Outer lip thin, with smooth margin, only

modified by the basal keel that angles and

expands it considerably laterally. Umbili¬

cus very narrow and deep, reduced to a

narrow fissure that is almost occluded by

the columellar callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.00 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Infra-circalittoral species

trawled between 34-82 m in coarse

muddy sand with large sponges.

Remarks : The species with which A.

levis spec. nov. has most similarity is A.

vanuatuensis, distinguished by the differ-

ent ornamentation of the second phase of

the protoconch; by the different and less

distinctive ornamentation of the adapical

part and the base of the teleoconch and

by the lack of axial folds on the base.

From Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov.

it is distinguished by the smaller size of

the protoconch and the lack of grooves

in its second phase; because the spiral

cords disappear from the first whorl of

the teleoconch and on the adapical part ,

appearing again cióse to the outer lip;

finally, by the not so rounded aperture

and a much larger columellar callus.

From Anticlimax philippinensis spec.

nov. it diífers by lacking tubercles in phase

two of the protoconch; by the less open

umbilicus and the much more developed

columellar callus and because the spiral

cords disappear from the first whorl of the

teleoconch and on the adapical part ,

appearing again near the outer lip.

From A. textilis spec. nov. and A. uni-

formis spec. nov. it may be distinguished

by the distinct shape of the outer lip. From

A. simplex by lacking spiral nodulose cords

on the first whorl of the teleoconch.

A. niasensis (Thiele, 1925) has a

peripheral carina in the middle over the

entire last whorl. A. padangensis (Thiele,

1925) has a strong spiral sculpture on

the adapical part.

Anticlimax spiralis spec. nov. (Figures 6FF, 46A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27201 (Figs. 6H, 46A-C)

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Vanuatu, Coolidge wreck, Segond Channel, 15°31.4'S, 167°14.1,E, 20-31 m [SANTO

2006: Stn. FS54].

Etymology: The specific ñame refers to the faint spiral microsculpture existent on the teleoconch.

Distribution : Only known from

Vanuatu, between 20-31 m.

Description: Shell small (<2.5 mm),

depressed, with about 4 whorls of rapid

growth, separated by a thin suture; with

a low spire, and the umbilicus very

narrow and deep.

Protoconch with 1 Vz apparently

smooth whorls, measuring about 250

jum, and showing two phases: the first is

completely smooth and the second pre-

sents granules of different sizes scat-

tered randomly. The end is very evident

by the change to the sculpture of the

teleoconch. This has 2 Vz whorls; on the

first whorl there are thick zigzagging

spiral cords, wider than their inter-

spaces; on subsequent whorls these

cords disappear completely from the

adapical part and the base, remaining

only at the periphery; marked growth

lines can be observed. The adapical part,

the periphery and the base are convex.

There are no carinae or peripheral

keels; only on the last quarter whorl, two

slight peripheral angulations which

modify the aperture appear, one adapical

and the other basal. Aperture quadran-

gular, prosocline. The parietal area is

covered by a thick callous coating and

forms an angle with the outer lip; col¬

umella very thick, widened at the base

and reflected towards the umbilicus,

forming a callus which occludes it pro-

73

Iherus , Suplemento 6, 2014

gressively; outer lip with a smooth margin,

modified by two angles corresponding to

the peripheral carinae. Umbilicus narro w

and deep, progressively occluded by the

thickened eolurneilar callus; there is no

períumbilical cord, only marked growth

lines that penétrate inside and that together

form rough and irregular umbilical folds.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.44 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral species found in

sediments collected between 20-31 m.

Remarks : The species is characterized

by the lack of spiral cords on the adapical

part and the base of the last 1 Vi whorls;

the lack of obvious peripheral carinae; the

angles on the outer lip that correspond to

these carinae and the eolurneilar callus

that gradually occludes the umbilicus,

very similar to the species of Solariorbis.

Anticlimax sp ir alis spec. nov. differs

from the remaining species of the group

by the smaller size of its protoconch. A .

textilis, A. simplex, A. uniformis and A.

philippinensis differ by lack of evident

peripheral or basal keels. A. vanuatuen-

sis, A. levis and A. maestratii have 2

angles inside the outer lip.

Anticlimax simplex spec. nov. (Figures 61, 47A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27202 (Figs. 61, 47A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Vanuatu, 16°16'S, 167°21'E, 360-419 m [MUSORSTOM 8: Stn. DW1065].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to the scarce number of remarkable details of the shell.

Distribution : Only known from Vanua¬

tu, its type locality, between 360-419 m.

Description : Shell small (about 2

mm), solid, formed by 3 Vi whorls of

rapid growth, suture barely visible, carí¬

nate basally; with a low spire and nar¬

ro wly umbilicate.

Protoconch with about 2 whorls and

measuring about 380 jum; the first 1 lA

whorls are completely smooth, the rest

shows axial growth lines, more visible near

the suture and numerous granules that are

arranged at the periphery; the protoconch

ends with an evident change of the sculp-

ture. Teleoconch with a little less than 2

whorls; at the end of the spire 2 periph¬

eral carinae can be seen, one in prolonga-

tion of the suture and the other basal; the

former one disappears over the last 3A

whorl, leaving the basal more prominent,

like a small keel. On the adapical part of

the first whorl there are thick zigzagging

spiral cords forming thick nodules; over

the last half whorl they gradually fade

until almost disappearing from the whorl,

with the spiral cords remaining only on

the periphery of the shell.

Base convex, periphery initially fíat,

later convex; in its first XA whorls there are

spiral cordlets which disappear completely

covered by a thin callous layer. Aperture

oval, prosocline; parietal area covered by

a thick callous coating; columella arched,

thickened and reflected towards the

umbilicus, forming a eolurneilar callus

which tends to progressively cióse the

umbilicus. Outer lip thin, smooth, single

margin modified by the peripheral carina

which angles and expands it laterally.

Umbilicus very narrow and deep, partially

occluded by the eolurneilar callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.00 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Bathyal species dredged on

the slope in deep bottom between 360-

419 m.

Remarks: This species may be distin-

guished from other congeners by the nodu-

lose cords in zigzag from the first whorl

of the teleoconch; the presence over 3A of

the last whorl of a basal keel; the very

narrow umbilicus, almost occluded by the

eolurneilar callus; the shape of the outer

lip expanded externally.

Anticlimax simplex spec. nov. may be

distinguished from A. vanuatuensis , A.

levis , A . spiralis, A. textilis, A. philippinen¬

sis and A . uniformis by the spiral nodu-

lose cords on the first whorl of the teleo¬

conch. From A. maestratii by lacking the

fine spiral grooves on phase two of the

protoconch.

74

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 46A-F. Anticlimax spiralis spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.44 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch

(holotype); E-F: microsculpture. Vanuatu, Segond Channel, Coolidge wreck, Stn. FS54, 20-31 m.

Figura 46A-F. Anticlimax spiralis spec. nov. A-C : holotipo, 2,44 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha

(holotipo); E-F: micro escultura. Vanuatu, Canal Segond, pecio del Coolidge, Stn. FS54, 20-31 m.

75

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 47A-E. Anticlimax simplex spec. noy. A-C: holotype, 2.0 mm MNHN; D: protoconch

(holotype); E: microsculpture. Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM 8, Stn. DW1Q65, 360-419 m.

Figura 47A-E. Anticlimax simplex spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,0 mm MNHN; D: protoconcha

(holotipo); E: microescultura. Vanuatu , MUSORSTOM 8, Stn. DW1065, 360-419 m.

Anticlimax uniformis spec. nov. (Figures 7 A, 48A-G)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27203 (Figs. 7 A, 48A-B) and 13 paratypes MNHN 27204 (Fig.

48C).

Material examined: (21 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 14 s, between Panglao and Pamilacan

Islands, Stn. T27, 9°33'N, 123°51,E/ 106-137 m, fine sand and mud with echinoderms (type mater¬

ial); 3 s, Panglao Island, Bolod, Stn. T2, 9°32.4'N, 123°47.8'E, 152 rn, coarse sand; 2 s, Panglao Island,

off San Isidro, Stn. TIO, 9°33.4-33.8'N, 123°49.5-50.5'E, 117-124 m, mud and fine sand; 2 s, Bohol

Island, west of Baclayon, Stn. T5, 9°35.3'N, 123°52.2'E, 84-87 m, coarse muddy sand.

76

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 48A-G. Anticlimax uniformis spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 3.0 mm (MNHN); C: paratype, 3.2

mm (MNHN); D: protoconch of the holotype; E: protoconch of the paratype; F-G: microsculp-

ture and detail. Philippines, between Panglao and Pamilacan Islands, Stn. T27, 106-137 m.

Figura 48A-G. Anticlimax uniformis spec. nov. A-B: holotipo, 3,0 mm (MNHN); C: paratipo, 3,2

mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha del holotipo; E: protoconcha del paratipo; F-G: micro escultura y detalle.

Filipinas, entre las islas de Panglao y Pamilacán, Stn. T27, 106-137 m.

77

Iberus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Type locality: The Philippines, between Panglao and Pamilacan Islands, 9°33.4'N, 123°51.0'E, 106-

137 m, fine sand and mud with echinoderms [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. T27].

Etymology: The specific ñame makes reference to the uniformity of the sculpture on the dorsum

of the last whorl, in opposition to other species of the group which have smooth areas.

Distribution : Only known from the

Philippines, between 87 and 152 m.

Description : Shell small (about 3

mm), solid, formed by 3 Vi whorls of

rapid growth with a suture barely

visible; carinate basally; with a low spire

and narrowly umbilicate.

The protoconch measures about 400

jum and has 2 Vs whorls of spire and 2

distinct phases; the first is completely

smooth while on the second, there are

axial growth-lines, more visible next to

the suture and numerous micro gran¬

ules that are arranged near the periph-

ery. The teleoconch has about 2 whorls;

it shows a single, very prominent basal

carina, and a small keel, on which there

are small oblique incisions. Adapical

area and base are convex. On the adapi¬

cal part of the first whorl of the spire, 4-

5 thick zigzagging spiral cords can be

seen, as well as spaces between cords

occupied initially by rounded cells and,

after the first Vi whorl, by groo ves; on

the last whorl the cords are much finer

and more numerous, with more than 40

cords between the suture and the basal

carina on the last quarter.

Base convex, totally smooth, without

ornamentation except for fine growth

lines. Aperture triangular, prosocline;

parietal callous area covered by a thin

layer; columella arched, thickened and

reflected towards the umbilicus,

forming a columellar callus which tends

progressively to cióse the umbilicus.

Outer lip thin, margin smooth, only

modified by a basal keel that angles and

expands it laterally. Umbilicus very

narrow and deep, partially occluded by

the columellar callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 3.00 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Circalittoral species trawled

at 152 m in coarse sand bottom (Stn. T2);

at 84-87 m in coarse muddy sand

bottom (Stn. T5); at 117-124 m in fine

muddy sand bottom (Stn. TIO) and at

106-152 m in fine sand and mud with

echinoderms (Stn. T27).

Remarks: Characteristics of the species

are the non-nodulose spiral cords seen on

the adapical part of the shell and a com¬

pletely smooth base, without ornamenta¬

tion except for fine growth lines.

Anticlimax uniformis spec. nov.

differs from A. vanuatuensis , A. levis, A.

spiralis, A. textilis and A. philippinensis,

by the larger size of its protoconch; from

A. simplex because it lacks spiral nodu-

lose cords on the first whorl of the teleo¬

conch. From A. maestratii spec. nov. it

differs in having a prominent basal keel

and small tubercles rather than fine

spiral grooves on phase two of the pro¬

toconch.

Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov. (Figures 7B, 49A-E, 50A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27205 (Figs. 7B, 49A) and 18 paratypes (MNHN 27206) (Fig. 49B-C).

Material examined: (34 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, between Panglao and Pamilacan

Islands, Stn. T27, 9°33'N, 123°51'E, 106-137 m, fine sand and mud with echinoderms (Fig. 50); 1 s,

Panglao Island, Bolod, Stn. T4, 9°33.0'N, 123°48,5'E, 82 m, many large sponges; 4 s, Bohol Island,

west of Baclayon, Stn. T7, 9°36.1'N, 123°53.3,E, 61-62 m, fine muddy sand; 8 s, Bohol Island, west

of Baclayon, Stn. T5, 9°35.3'N, 123°52.2'E, 84-87 m, coarse muddy sand; 19 s, Panglao Island, off

San Isidro, Stn. T9, 9°33.5,N-9°33.9'N, 123°49.5,-123°50.5,E, 97-120 m, fine sand with seagrass

(type material); 1 s, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. T18, 9°41.8,N, 123°49.9'E, 80-100 m, muddy bottom

with sponges.

Type locality: The Philippines, Panglao Island, off San Isidro, Exp. 9°33.5-33.9'N, 123°49.5-50.5'E,

97-120 m [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. T9] .

Etymology: The species ñame is after Philippe Maestrati, member of the Malacology staff of the

MNHN, for his cooperation in the selection of material.

78

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 49A-E. Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov. A: holotype, 2.6 mm (MNHN); B-C: paratypes,

2.7, 2.0 mm; D: protoconch (holotype); E: microsculpture. Philippines, Panglao Island, off San

Isidro, Stn. T9, 97-120 m.

Figura 49A-E. Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov. A: holotipo, 2,6 mm (MNHN); B-C: paratipos, 2,7,

2,0 mm; D: protoconcha (holotipo); E: micro escultura. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao, frente a San Isidro,

Stn . T9, 97-120 m.

Distribution : Only known from the

Philippines, between 62 and 106 m.

Description : Shell small (<3.00 mm),

solid, formed by 4 Va whorls of rapid

growth, suture barely visible, carinate

basally; with a low spire and narrowly

umbilicate. The protoconch is located at

a higher level than the teleoconch, mea»

sures about 390 jum, and has little more

than 2 whorls and 2 distinct phases; the

first is completely smooth and the

second shows 3-4 very light spiral

grooves, small scattered granules which

are situated cióse to the suture and

growth lines. The teleoconch has about

2 whorls and shows a single carina, in a

basal position, that is more developed

over the last quarter whorl. Adapical

79

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 50A-E. Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.9 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch,

from the shell figs. A-C; E: microsculpture. Philippines, between Panglao and Pamilacan Islands,

Stn. T27, 106-137 m, fine sand and mud with echinoderms.

Figura 50A-E. Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov. A-C: concha, 1,9 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha, de

la concha de la fig. A-C; E: microescultura. Filipinas, entre las islas Panglao y Pamilacdn, Stn. T27,

106-137 m, en arena fina y fango con equinodermos.

part and base very convex, rounded at

the periphery.

On the adapical part of the first

whorl, 3-4 thick zigzagging spiral cords

can be seen; the spaces between cords

are occupied initially by rhomboidal

cells, changed into grooves after the first

Vz whorl; on the last Vi whorl the cords

are much finer and more numerous,

with a space appearing near the suture

where both cords and grooves disap-

pear. Base convex, ornamented with

80

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

spiral cords in zigzag and rhomboid

cells in the spaces between the cords, as

well as marked growth lines, not

forming ribs; on the last half whorl, the

ornamentation of the base disappears,

leaving only the growth lines which

penétrate into the umbilicus.

Aperture triangular, very convex,

prosocline; parietal area covered by a

thin callous coating; columella arched,

very thick and reflected towards the

umbilicus forming in addition a thick

columellar callus which tends progres-

sively to cióse the umbilicus. Outer lip

thin, with smooth margin, only modi-

fied by the basal keel which angles and

expands it laterally. Umbilicus very

narrow and deep, reduced to a narrow

fissure that is almost occluded by the

columellar callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.60 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Circalittoral species, trawled

at 82 m on bottom with many large

sponges (Stn. T4); at 84-87 m in coarse

muddy sand bottom (Stn. T5); at 61-62

m in fine muddy sand bottom (Stn. T 7);

at 97-120 m on fine sand with seagrass

bottom; at 80-100 m, muddy bottom

with sponges (Stn. T18) and at 106-137

m in fine sand and mud bottom with

echinoderms (Stn. T27).

Remarks : Anticlimax maestratii spec.

nov. is very similar in shape to A. levis

spec. nov. from which it differs by the

srnaller size of its protoconch; by

showing small tubercles and several

spiral grooves in phase two of the proto¬

conch; and by having the whole adapi¬

cal part of the teleoconch covered by

spiral cords and having a much more

oblong aperture.

From A. philippinensis spec. nov. it is

distinguished by the larger size of its

protoconch; by having the same number

of whorls with spiral grooves in phase

two of the protoconch; and because its

basal carina develops only on the last Vi

whorl.

Anticlimax maestratii spec. nov may

be distinguished from A. textilis, A. van-

uatuensis, A. levis and A. spiralis by the

larger size of its protoconch and by

having fine spiral grooves in its second

phase. A. simplex differs by lacking

spiral nodulose cords on the first whorl

of the teleoconch. A. uniformis differs by

lacking a prominent basal carina.

Anticlimax philippinensis spec. nov. (Figures 7C, 51A-E, 52A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27207 (Figs. 7C, 51A-B) and 1 paratype MNHN 27208 (Fig. 51C).

Material examined: (17 s): Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 10 s, Bohol Island, west of Baclayon,

9°35.1'N, 123°51.2,E, 34-82 m, coarse muddy sand with large sponges; 1 s, Bohol Island,

Baclayon, Stn. T33, 9°36.0'N, 123°53.7'E, 67-74 m, sand with sponges (Fig. 52); 3 s, Bohol Island,

Cortes, Stn. T18, 9°41.8'N, 123°49.9'E, 80-100 m, muddy bottom with sponges. PANGLAO 2005:

2 s, Balicasag Island, Dipolog Bay, Stn. CP2378, 8°38.8'N, 123°20.TE, 63-65 m, muddy sand

bottom with sponges (type material); 1 s, Panglao Island, Bolod, Stn. TI, 9°32'N, 123°47'E, 83-102

m, mud and many sponges.

Type locality: The Philippines, Balicasag Island, Dipolog Bay, 8°38.8'N, 123°20.TE, 65 m, muddy

sand bottom with sponges [PANGLAO 2004: CP2378].

Etymology: The specific ñame is after the archipelago where the species was found.

Distributiva: Only known from the

Philippines, between 34 and 83 m.

Description : Shell small (<2.00 mm),

solid, formed by 3 Vi whorls growing

rapidly, with a barely visible suture; carí¬

nate basally, with a low spire and nar¬

ro wly umbilicate. The protoconch is

located at a higher level than the teleo¬

conch, measures 320-350 jum, and has a

little more than 2 whorls and 2 distinct

phases; the first is completely smooth

and in the second, there are small scat-

tered granules which are situated cióse to

the suture, as well as growth lines. The

teleoconch is approximately 1 Vi whorls;

it shows only a single carina, in a basal

position, that develops on the last whorl.

Adapical area and base very convex.

81

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 51A-E. Anticlimax philippinensis spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 1.65 mm (MÑHÑ); C:

paratype, 1.33 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch of the holotype; E: detail of the microsculpture.

Philippines, Balicasag Xsland, PANGLAO 2005, Stn. CP2378, 65 m, sand and muddy bottom

with sponges.

Figura 51A-E. Anticlimax philippinensis spec. nov. A-B : holotipo, 1, 65 mm (MNHN); C: paratipo ,

1,33 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha del holotipo; E: detalle de la microescultura. Filipinas, Isla de Bal¬

icasag, PANGLAO 2005, Stn. CP2378, 65 m, fondo de arena y fango con esponjas.

On the adapical part of the first

spiral whorl 3 thick, zigzagging, spiral

cords can be observed; the spaces

between the cords, occupied initially by

rhomboidal cells and, after the first half

whorl, by grooves; in the last Vz whorl,

the cords are more numerous, with

more than 20 between the suture and

the basal carina. Base convex; in an

apertural view, 10-11 spiral cords and

quadrangular cells can be seen in the

interspaces of the first quarter of the last

whorl; the rest is completely smooth

except for marked growth lines.

82

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 52A-F. Anticlimax philippinensis spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.47 mm; D: protoconch (shell of

Figs. A-C); E-F: microsculpture. Philippines, Bohol Island, Baclayon, PANGLAO 2004, Stn. T33,

67-74 m3 sand with sponges.

Figura 52A-F. Anticlimax philippinensis spec. nov. A-C: concha , 1,47 mm; D: protoconcha (de la

concha de las Figs. A-C)); E-F : microescultura. Filipinas, Isla de Bohol, Baclayon, PANGLAO 2004,

Stn. T33, 67-74 m, arena con esponjas.

83

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Aperture triangular, prosocline; pari¬

etal area covered by a thin callous

coating; columella arched, very thick

and reflected towards the umbilicus,

forming in addition a thick columellar

callus which tends to cióse progres-

sively the umbilicus. Outer lip thin,

with a smooth margin, only modified by

the basal keel which angles and expands

it laterally. Umbilicus very narrow and

deep, reduced to a fissure that is almost

occluded by the columellar callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.65 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Circalittoral species trawled

at 67-74 m in sand with sponges bottom

(Stn. T33) and at 63-65 m in muddy sand

bottom with sponges; at 34-82 m, in

coarse muddy sand with large sponges

(Stn. T6); at 83-102 m, mud and many

sponges (Stn. TI); at 80-100 m, muddy

bottom with sponges (Stn. T18).

Remarks: From Anticlimax maestratii

spec. nov., A. philippinensis may be dis-

tinguished by the smaller size of the

protoconch and by the lack of spiral

grooves on its phase two; also because

the basal carina is developed on the last

whorl and by having a wider umbilicus.

A. levis spec. nov. differs by having

the adapical part of the teleoconch fully

covered by spiral cords; because the

basal carina is developed on the last

whorl; by having a less prominent col¬

umellar callus and a more open umbili¬

cus.

Anticlimax imitatrix spec. nov. (Figures 7D, 53A-D)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27230 (Figs. 7D, 53A-B).

Material examined: Only the type material.

Type locality: Solomon Islands, 9°37'S, 160°42,E, 435-461 m [SALOMON 1: Stn. CP1858].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to the similarity with the morphology of other species.

Distribution: Only known from the

Solomon Islands, its type locality,

between 435-461 m.

Description : Shell very small (<1.5

mm), strong, bicarinate; with a relatively

high spire and narro wly umbilicate. The

protoconch measures about 330 jum,

with a little more than 2 whorls and 2

distinct phases; the first is completely

smooth and the second apparently

smooth, but bears fine growth lines near

the suture and tiny scattered tubercles.

The teleoconch has 1 Vi whorls and two

carinae which angle the shell, one

peripheral and the other basal. The

peripheral carina is attenuated near the

outer lip and does not modify or angle it.

The ornamentation is composed of

spiral cords, axial folds and cells of dif-

ferent shape in the spaces between the

cords. On the adapical part, the spiral

cords are wide and zigzagging on the

first half whorl, becoming flattened

nodules on the following Vi whorl, to

become smooth again on the last half

whorl. At the beginning of the teleo¬

conch 3 thick cords can be seen; 15 in

the last half whorl between the periph¬

eral carina and the suture. In the space

between the carinae there are 8-9 spiral

cordlets and small axial folds that disap-

pear on the last whorl, keeling the basal

carina and anglirig the outer lip.

The base is convex and on it spiral

cordlets, axial ribs and cells in the inter-

space can be seen.

Umbilicus narrow and deep, limited

by a large cord caused by the thickening

of the base of the columella, occluding it

progressively. Aperture triangular,

prosocline; parietal area callous with a

thick layer; columella arched, thick and

reflected towards the umbilicus, with, at

its base, a cord-like thickening that

occludes that umbilicus; outer lip

margin modified only by the angle cor-

responding to the basal carina, which

prolongs it laterally.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.3 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Bathyal species dredged at

435-461 m.

Remarks: The species is characterized

by its small size in comparison with the

84

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 53A-D. Anticlimax imitatrix spec. nov. A--6: holotype, 1.3 mm (MNHN); C: protoconch

(holotype); D: microsculpture. Solomon Islands, Stn. CP1858, 435-461 m.

Figura 53A-D. Anticlimax imitatrix spec. nov. A-B: holotipo, 1,3 mm (MNHN); C: protoconcha

(holotipo); D: microescultura. Islas Salomón, Stn. CP1858, 435-461 m.

dimensions of the protoconch; the wide

spiral cords that become nodulose on

the adapical part of the Vi last whorl; the

presence of small axial folds that disap-

pear, keeling the basal carina; the trian¬

gular shape of the outer lip, its angle

and the lateral extensión, the thickening

and reflection of the columella.

In its general appearance it is very

similar to A. solomomensis spec. nov., but

may be separated by the presence on the

external lip of a single angle instead of

two; by a srnaller number and different

size of the axial folds on the last whorl;

by the greater number of spiral cords on

the adapical part and by these being

almost smooth.

From A. maestratii spec. nov. it is dis-

tinguished by the srnaller size of the

protoconch and the lack of spiral

grooves. From A. philippinensis and A.

uniformis spec. nov. by the teleoconch

being bicarinate and the srnaller size of

the protoconch.

85

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Table V. Differences between species of group 5.

Vf Diferencias entre especies del grupo 5.

Group 5

Description : The species of this

group, in spite of their different

shapes, can be grouped together by:

being dome-shaped; having a teleo-

conch with a prominent basal carina

which angles and expands the external

Hp.

It is made up of 4 species: A. tentorii,

A. discus, A. lentiformis and A. globulus.

Their differences are shown in Table V.

Anticlimax tentorii spec. nov. (Figures 7E, 54A-E)

Type material: Holotype in MNHN 27209 (Figs. TE, 54A) and 1 paratype (MNHN 27210) (Fig. 54B).

Material examined: (2 s): Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Vanuatu, SW coast of Aoré Island, Segond Channel, 15°35.1'S, 167°07.6'E, 36 m,

coarse sand rubble [SANTO 2006: Stn. ZS25].

Etymology: The specific ñame derives from the Latin word tentorium, -ii, which means "tent" allud-

ing to the shape of the shell

Distribution : Only known from Aoré

Island, Vanuatu, its type locality at 36 m.

Description : Shell of médium size

for the genus (<4.5 mm), very solid,

strongly convex, dome-shaped, with a

marked basal keel; consisting of 4

whorls of rapid growth. Protoconch

with a little more than one whorl,

measuring about 300 jum and being

seemingly smooth, although this could

not be verified due to abrasión of the

specimen. Teleoconch with 3 whorls; a

thin callous sutural coating extends

from the suture and partially covers

the previous whorl and a strong keel

delimits the base. The ornamentation is

formed by spiral cords wider than

their interspaces, which zigzag and

cover the whole shell. Aperture trian¬

gular; very thick parietal callus;

columella slightly arched, very thick

and reflected towards the umbilicus;

outer lip smooth at its margin, not

modified except for the contact area

with the basal keel that widens and

expands it laterally. Umbilicus not very

wide or deep, concealing the earlier

whorls, not limited by any carina and

with only some axial growth lines

inside.

Dimensions: the holotype is 4.2 mm

in diameter.

Habitat : Infralittoral species collected

in coarse sand and rubble bottom at 36

m in depth.

Remarles: The most significarit char-

acteristics of the present species are: its

large size in comparison to other species

of the genus; the convex form (dome-

shaped); the prominent keel which

amplifies the periphery; the thick col-

umellar callus which closes the umbili¬

cus and the angled shape of the outer

lip. With these characteristics this

species is different from all others

known within the genus.

86

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 54A-E. Anticlimax tentorii spec. nov. A: holotype, 4.2 mm (MNHN); B: paratype, 4.05

mm (MNHN); C: protoconch (holotype); D-E: microsculpture and detail. Vanuatu, Segond

Channel, SW coast of Aoré Island, Stn. ZS25, 36 m.

Figura 54A-E. Anticlimax tentorii spec. nov. A: holotipo, 4,2 mm (MNHN); B: paratipo, 4,05 mm

(MNHN); C: protoconcha (holotipo); D-E: microescultura y detalle. Vanuatu, Canal Segond, costa SO

de la isla Aoré, Stn. ZS25, 36 m.

87

Iberus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Anticlimax discus spec. nov. (Figures 7F, 55A-F, 56A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27211 (Figs. 7F, 55A-B).

Material examined: (2 s): Philippines, PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. T18, 9°41.2,N,

123°49.9'E, 80-100 m, muddy bottom with sponges (type material). V anua tu: 1 s, MUSORSTOM 8:

Stn. DW1101, 15°03'S, 167°08'E, 205-210 m (Fig. 56).

Type locality: Philippines, Bohol Island, Cortes, 9°41.8'N, 123°49.9,E, 80-100 m [PANGLAO 2004:

Stn. T18].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to the discoidal shape of the sheli of this species.

Distribution: Only known from the

Philippines between 80 and 100 m and

from Vanuatu, between 205 and 210 m.

Description: Shell small (<2.5 mm),

very solid, dome-shaped, not umbilicate.

The species has the particularity that

the protoconch is almost completely

covered by the following whorls of the

spire, making it very difficult to specify

size, number of whorls or ornamenta-

tion; however, from what we have been

able to see with SEM, the protoconch

should have a minimum dimensión of

about 220 jum, o ver 1 Vi whorls and a

slightly rough surface of the embryonic

stage.

The teleoconch has 2 whorls and a

thick basal carina. Each whorl covers the

previous one almost completely and its

entire surface shows zigzagging spiral

cords and grooves in the interspaces,

including the surface of the carina. On

the adapical part and for the last half

whorl, there are 26-28 spiral cords all

them reaching the adapical margin of

the outer lip. On the basal carina 4-7

spiral cords can be seen. The base is

convex and is raised in the central part

surrounding the umbilical area; there

are 20 spiral cords, of which 12 are dis-

tributed between the basal carina and

the elevation and 8, wider ones, from

the elevation to the umbilical callus.

Aperture triangular, prosocline; a

thick parietal callus develops on the

base of the sheli; columella arched, very

thick and reflected towards the umbili-

cus, forming a large columellar callus

which occludes it completely; both pari¬

etal and columellar callus are covered

by spiral cords in zigzag, like the rest of

the sheli. Outer lip with a smooth

margin, expanded laterally by the effect

of the basal carina, which angles it inter-

nally. Umbilicus completely covered by

the expansión of the columellar callus.

Dimensions: the holotype is 1.78 mm

in diameter. A sheli from Vanuatu

reaches 2.37 mm.

Habitat: Circalittoral species trawled

at 80-100 m on muddy bottom with

sponges from Philippines, Panglao 2004,

Stn. T18. Bathyal species dredged at 205-

210 m from Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM 8,

Stn. DW1101.

Remarles: The species is characterized

by its shape (dome-shaped), its orna-

mentation formed by cordlets and

zigzagging spiral grooves which cover

all the sheli, including the parietal and

columellar calluses; the wide basal

carina, the thick columellar callus and

the basal elevation that limits the umbil¬

ical area.

Although initially we believed that

due to the different bathymetry and

long distance the materials collected in

the Philippines and Vanuatu were dif¬

ferent species, once all morphological

characters were verified, we have con-

cluded that they are both the same

species.

Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov. (Figures 7G, 57A-E, 58A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27212 (Figs. 7G, 57A-C).

Material examined: (3 s): Fiji: 1 s, MUSORSTOM 10: DW1345, 17°15'S, 178°30'E, 660-663 m (type

material). Philippines: 2 s, Bohol Island, Cortes, PANGLAO 2004: Stn. T18, 9°41.2'N, 123°49.9'E, 80-

100 m, muddy bottom with sponges (Fig. 58).

88

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 55A-F. Anticlimax discus spec. nov. A-B: holotype, 1.78 mm (MNHN); C: protoconch

of the holotype; D-F: microsculpture and detail. Philippines, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. TI 8,

80-100 m.

Figura 55A-F. Anticlimax discus spec. nov. A-B: holotipo , 1,78 mm (MNHN); C: protoconcha del

holotipo; D-F: micro es cultura y detalle. Filipinas, Isla de Bohol, Cortes, Stn. T18, 80-100 m.

89

Iherus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 56A-E. Anticlimax discus spec. nov. A-C: shell, 2.37 mm; D-E: microsculpture. Vanuatu,

MUSORSTOM 8, Stn. DW1101, 205-210 m.

Figura 56A-E. Anticlimax discus spec. nov. A-C: concha , 2,37 mm; D-E: microescultura. Vanuatu,

MUSORSTOM 8, Stn. DWllOi, 205-210 m.

Type locality: Fiji, 17°15'S, 178°30'E, 660-663 m [MUSORSTOM 10: Stn. DW1345].

Etymology: The specific ñame derives from the Latín word leus, -tis, "lentis" alluding to the shape

of the shell.

Distrihution : Only knowrt from Fiji,

between 660 and 663, and the Philip-

pines between 80 and 100 m.

Description : Shell very small (<1.5

mm), discoid, robust, strongly carínate,

wider than high and umbilicate. The

90

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 57A-E. Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.46 mm (MNHN); D: proto-

conch of the holotype; E: detall of the sculpture. Fiji, MUSORSTOM 10, DW1345, 660-663 m.

Figura 57A-E. Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,46 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch a

del holotipo; E: detalle de la escultura. Fiyi, MUSORSTOM 10, DW1345, 660-663 m.

protoconch has 2 Vi whorls, measures

about 330 jum, and may vary in regard

to the portion covered by the first teleo-

conch whorl. It has two distinct phases;

the first is completely smooth and the

second is covered by growth lines, more

evident along the suture; the first whorl

of the teleoconch partially covers the

protoconch. The teleoconch has about 1

Vi whorls; a thick peripheral carina sur

rounds it; each whorl partially covers

the previous one. Adapical area and

base are convex. Ornamentation formed

by fíat spiral cords, of different sizes,

separated by marked spiral grooves; in

the vicinity of the outer lip and from the

suture to the peripheral carina there are

up to 26-28 smooth cords.

Base with 8 fíat spiral cords of differ¬

ent size and grooves in the interspaces,

cióse to the peripheral carina; there are

fine axial folds that extend from halfway

91

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 58A-E. Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.3 mm; D: protoconch; E: detail of the

sculpture. Philippines, Bohol Island, Cortes, Stn. TI 8, 80-100 m, in muddy bottom with sponges.

Figura 58A-E. Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov. A-C: concha, 1,3 mm; D: protoconcha; E: detalle de

la escultura. Filipinas, Isla de Bohol, Cortes, Stn. T18, 80-100 m, en fondo fangoso con esponjas.

along the base to the umbilicus and

marked growth lines that penétrate

inside.

Apertura triangular, prosocline; pari¬

etal area covered by a thick callous

coating; columella arched, very thick

and reflected towards the umbilicus,

forming a callus which tends to occlude

it; adapical part of the outer lip crenu-

lated externally by the termination of

the spiral cords and centrally notched

by the peripheral carina, which expands

it laterally. Height and width of the

umbilicus allow the previous whorls to

be seen. It is progressively occluded by

the thickening and reflection of the col¬

umella, which does not form a thick

spiral eord

92

Rubio & Rolan: The genus Anticlimax In the tropical Southwest Pacific

Dímensions: the holotype measures

1.46 mm ín máximum diameter.

Habitat: In Piji it is a bathyal species,

dredged between 660-663 m deep; in the

Phílippínes/ it ís a circalíttorai species,

trawled between 80-100 m on a muddy

bottom with sponges.

Remarles : The profile of Anticlimax

lentiformis spec. nov. ís similar to the

spedes of its group.

Anticlimax lentiformis spec. nov. is

characteiized by its discoid shape; aíso

by the first whorl of the teleoeonch cov-

ering partially the protoconch, its thíck

perípheral carina, its triangular aperture

and the thickness of the columellar

callus reflected towards the umbilícus.

The differences are: A. tentorii spec.

nov. ís higher, has a wider umbilícus

and a more prómínent end of the spíre

as a confínuation of the keel. A. discus

spec. nov. has an umbilícus totally

closed by a callus expanded from the

columella.

Anticlimax globulus spec. nov. (Figures 7H, 59A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27231 (Figs. 7H, 59A-C).

Material examíned: Only the type material, i

Type locality: Papua New Guinea, Hargun L, 5°01.6'S, 145°48.1/E, 16 m [PAPUA NIUGINI: Stn.

PS18].

Etymology: The spedfic ñame alludes to the similarity of this spedes with the morphology of a

knob or button.

Distribution : Only known from

Papua New Guinea, at 16 m.

Descriftion : Shell small (<3 mm),

composéd of 4 rapidly increasing

whorls, dome-shaped, basally carínate;

with a low spire and narrowly umbíií-

cate.

The protoconch is placed higher

than the teleoeonch, measures about 430

íim, has more than 2 !4 whorls, is com-

pletely smooth and shows several

phases of development. The teleoeonch

has 1 Vi whorls, a prómínent basa!

carina and is fully decorated with cords

and spíral grooves and marked growth

lines. At the begínning of the teleo-

conchi, there are 4 cords, wider than

their ínterspaces, on the adapícal part

and 8-9 more cords between the suture

and the basal carina, which beeome

thícker on approaching the lip and

modífy its m.argín.

In the fírst half spíral whorl, the

spaces between the cords are occupíed

by quadrangular ceíls which subse-

quentiy disappear, giving way to more

or less wide grooves with munerous

axial stríae ínside. There ís no peripheral

carina; between the adapícal part and

the basal carina there ís a space occu¬

píed by fíat spíral cords. Base slightly

convex on which there are 10 thíck

spiral cords, dístríbuted between the

basal carina and the umbilícus; 2 smalier

cords penétrate ínto the umbilícus; the

spaces between the cords are occupíed

by grooves insíde which there are

munerous growth lines. Aperture trian¬

gular; parietal area covered by a fhick

callus; thíck columella, arched and

reflected towards the umbilícus, but

wíthouf occludíng ít; adapícal part of

outer lip crenulated externally by the

terminatíon of the spíral cords, formíng

a. scalloped margin, basal carina formíng

a narrow angle which prolongs the lip

late rally. Umbilícus narrow and deep

not limited by a cord or keel, with two

cords that penétrate insíde.

Dímensions: the holotype is 2.67 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Infralíttoral spedes dredged

at 16 m ín depth.

Remarles: A. globulus spec. nov. ís

characferized by the large size of its pro¬

toconch; by its domed shape; by the

wide cords on the adapícal part which,

when they reach the lip, raíse and

modífy ít formíng a scalloped margin;

by the prómínent basal carina which

angles the outer lip and prolongs ít lat-

erally and by its narrow and deep nave!.

93

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 59A-F. Anticlimax globulus spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.67 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch

(holotype); E-F: microsculpture, Hargun L, Papua New Guinea, Stn. PS18, 16 m.

Figura 59A-R Anticlimax globulus spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,67 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha

(holotipo); E-F: microescultura , isla de Hargun, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn . PS18, 16 m.

94

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Table VI. Differences between species of group 6.

Tabla VI. Diferencias entre especies del grupo 6.

Group 6

This group is formed by species which

have no very typical shape or much sim-

ilarity but they are discoid, depressed, fine-

ly microsculptured and lack evident

prominences or protuberant carinae.

Títere are 4 species: Anticlimax

boucheti, A virginiae, A. obesa and A. juanae

spec. nov.

Table VI illustrates the differences

between species.

Anticlimax boucheti spec. nov. (Figures 71, 60A-G, 61A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27213 (Figs. 71, 60A-C). Paratype MNHN 27214, s (Fig. 61A-C)

from West-Southwest of the Pointe d'Easo, Baie du Santal, New Caledonia, Stn. 1430, 20-25 m.

Material examined: (2 s): New Caledonia. MONTROUZIER: 1 s, Stn. 1331, Grand Récif de Koumac,

Koumac area, 20°40'S-20°40.6'S, 164°U.2,E-164°12.1,E, 55-57 m, outer slope (holotype); LIFOU 2000:

Stn. 1430, West-Southwest of Pointe d'Easo, Baie du Santal, 20°47.5'S, 167°07.TE, 20-25 m (paratype).

Type locality: New Caledonia, Grand Récif de Koumac, Koumac area, 20°40'S-20°40.6'S, 1 64° 11,2' E-

164°12.1/E, 55-57 m, [MONTROUZIER: Stn. 1331].

Etymology: The specific ñame is after Dr. Philippe Bouchet of the MNHN the driving forcé behind

the exploration campaigns of the Tropical South Pacific.

Distribution : Only known from New

Caledonia between 25 and 55 m.

Description : Shell small (<2 mm),

formed by less than 4 rapidly increasing

whorls, with a very low spire.

Protoconch protruding, large in reía-

tion to the size of the shell, measuring

about 350 pm in diameter, and having

almost 2 Va whorls; the nucleus is smooth

and the first whorl has a smooth surface

with granules of different shape and size,

randomly distributed; on the following

whorl marked sinuous axial ribs appear.

Teleoconch with 1 Vi whorls developed

on the same plañe. There are 3 carinae

which angle the shell: 2 peripheral and

one lower. Of the two peíipheral carinae,

the adapical one fades and disappears in

the last Vi whorl, while the lower one limits

the base and modifies the outer lip. The

basal carina separates two areas: one

concave, bordering the peripheral carina

and another, convex, which surrounds the

umbilicus. Ornamentation formed by

spiral cords and axial ribs, the latter undu-

lating at the periphery. At the Crossing

point with the cords, the ribs form a char-

acteristic type of cell reticle and also a small

tubercle at the point of intersection.

Aperture rounded; parietal area

covered by a thin callous coating; col-

umella arched, externally reflected, with

a thin edge modified by the spiral cords

of the umbilicus; outer lip with a sharp

margin modified by the spiral cords,

forming a characteristic angle caused by

the peripheral basal carina and its own

basal one.

Very wide umbilicus, that allows the

previous whorls to be seen, delimited by

a basal carina, and bearing larger cells

than the reticule of the shell.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

1.6 mm in diameter.

95

Iherus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 60A-G. Anticlimax boucheti spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.6 mm (MNHN); D: apical view

and protoconch (holotype); E-G: microsculpture and detail of the teleoconch. New Caledonia,

Koumac area, Grand Récif de Koumac, Stn. 1331, 55-57 m.

Figura 60A-G. Anticlimax boucheti spec. nov. A-C: bolo tipo, 1,6 mm (MNHN); D: vista apical y

protoconcha (holotipo); E-G: microescultura y detalle de la teleoconcha. Nueva Caledonia, alrededores

de Koumac, Grand Récif de Koumac, Stn. 1331, 55-57 m.

96

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 61A-F. Anticlimax houcheti spec. nov. A-C: paratype, 1 .39 mm (MNHN); D: apical view

and protoconch; E: microsculpture of the protoconch; F: microsculpture of the teleoconch. New

Caledonia, Loyalty Is., Santal Bay, West-Southwest of Easo Point, Stn. 1430, 20-25 m.

Figura 61A-F. Anticlimax houcheti spec. nov. A-C: paratipo, 1,39 mm (MNHN); D: vista apical y

protoconcha; E: microescultura de la protoconcha; F: micro escultura de la teleoconcha. Nueva Caledo¬

nia, Isla de Loyauté, Bahía de Santal, Oeste-Suroeste de Punta Easo, Stn. 1430, 20-25 m.

97

Iberus , Suplemento 6» 2014

Habitat: Circalíttoral species, lívíng

on the external slope of the reef .

Remarles: The clearest characterístics

of Anticlimax boucheti spec. nov. is the

large size (350 |/m) of its protoconch

ornamenfed with granules on the fírst

whorl and followed by unduiating

axial ribs; its teleoconch with three

peripheral carínae/ whídi is decorated

with spíral cords and axial ribs, undu-

lating along the períphery, and its wide

umbilicus.

Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov. (Figures 8A, 62A-F, 63Á-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27232 (Figs. 8Á, 62Á-F) and 5 paratypes MNHN 27233.

Material examined: (12 s): Papua New Guinea. PAPUA NIUGINI: 6 s, N Kabanam Point, Stn. PS17,

5°Q6.0'8, 145°48.2"B (type material), 2m;5s, N Kíwo, Stn. PS4ó, 5°08.7/S/ 145048.2'E, 2 m, mangrove

and seagrass. Phílippínes» PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Panglao Island, Pontod Islet, Stn. D5, 9°33.6'N,

123°43.5'E, 0-3 m, soft bottom with seagrass.

Type locaüty: Papua New Guinea, Kabanam Point, 5°0ó.fTS, 145048.2'E, 2 m [PAPUA NIUGINI: Stn. PS17],

Etymology: Thís species is named after Father Phil Smith, Vice-President of the Divine Word Uní-

versity, Madang, whích hosted the Papua Niuguíni 2012 expedítion.

Distribution: Papua New Guinea at 2

m and the Philíppines between 0 and 3 m.

Descripíion: Shell solid in appear-

anee, forrned by 3 3A fast-growing

whorls, basally carinate; with a nearly

fíat spíre and with a narro w umbilicus.

The protoconch has 2 Vi whorls, mea

suríng about 510 ¿um in diameter and

although seemingly smooth, very fine

tuberdes may be seen cióse to the suture

under high magnification; ít ís possible to

see up to 3 phases in its development. The

teleoconch has just 1 !4 whorls and ís

entírely decorated with spiral cords of

similar size, narrower than their ínter-

spaces, between whích diere are rectan¬

gular cells. Amarked carina limits the base,

and there is no other peripheral keel. The

adapical part ís convex and the base ís fíat.

Between the suture and the basal

carina, there are 18 spíral cords; between

the basal carina and the umbilicus there

are 11-12. On the base, thé space between

the first and second spíral cord is a broad

groove, larger than the others, occupied

by fine axial striae ínstead of the cells.

Umbilicus narrow and deep, not limíted

by any carina or occluded by a callus.

Aperture rounded, prosoclíne; parietal

area callous covered by a thíck layer; col-

umella curved, slíghtly reflected towards

the umbilicus; outer lip with a smooth

margín; basal carina angles it intemally.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

1.5 mm ín diameter. The largest shell

studíed measures 1.80 mm.

Habitat: Infralittoral species collected

at -2 m in mangrove and seagrass

bottom (Stn. PS46 in Papua New

Guinea); 0-3 m, soft bottom with sea¬

grass (Stn. D5 ín Philíppines). Bathymet-

ric range between 0-3 m ín depth.

Remarles: Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov.

ís characterízed by its wide protoconch in

relation to the total diameter of the shell;

by its basal carina and striae that occupy

the spaces between the cords; by its narrow

umbilicus and aperture slightly angled by

a basal carina. A single spedmen from the

Phílippínes has heen studíed and despíte

the general resemblance, its protoconch

has a diameter of 450 |im, sígníficantly less

than the studíed sampíes from Papua New

Guinea.

Anticlimax simplicissima spec. nov. (Figures 8B, 64A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27234 (Figs. 8B, 64A-F).

Material examined: Only the type material.

Type locaüty: Papua New Guinea, Alexishafen, 5°05.3/S, 145048.TE, 1-6 m [PAPUA NIUGINI: Stn. PD31].

Etymology: The specific ñame alindes to its shape that lacks prominences and has a spíral simple

sculpture.

98

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 62A-F. Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov. A: holotype, 1.5 mm (MNHN); B: paratype, 1.67

mm (MNHN); C: paratype, 1.7 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch (paratype); E-F: microsculpture.

N Kabanam Point, Papua New Guinea, Stn. PS17, 2 m.

Figura 62A-F. Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov. A: holotipo, 1,5 mm (MNHN); B: paratipo, 1,67 mm

(MNHN); C: paratipo, 1,7 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha (paratipo); E-F : microescultura. N de

Punta Kabanam, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn. PS17, 2 m.

Distrihution : Only known from its

type locality between 1 and 6 m.

Description: Shell small, sturdy, with

a rounded periphery, formed by 3 M

whorls, umbilicate.

The protoconch is deeply sunken,

has 1 Va whorls, measures 200 jum, is

smooth and shows 2 phases in its devel-

opment. The teleoconch has about 2

whorls. The omamentation is formed by

99

Iberus, Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 63A-F. Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov. A-C: shell, 1.8 mm; D: protoconch; E-F:

microsculpture. Philippines, Panglao Island, Pontod Islet, 0-3 m.

Figura 63A-F. Anticlimax philsmithi spec. nov : A-C: concha, 1,8 mm; D: protoconcha; E-F: microes-

cultura. Filipinas, Isla de Panglao, Islote de Pontod, 0-3 m.

cords and spiral grooves, covering all

the shell. The subsutural cord is smooth

and very thick; a thick cord decorated

with axial striae borders the umbilicus;

between the subsutural and the periuni-

bilical cords, zigzagging spiral grooves

are distributed. Two not very pro-

nounced carinae are observed at the

100

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 64A-F. Anticlimax simplicissima spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.3 mm (MNHN); D: proto-

conch (holotype); E-F: microsculpture. Alexishafen, Papua New Guinea, Stn. PD31, 1-6 m.

Figura 64A-F. Anticlimax simplicissima spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,3 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha

(holotipo); E-F: microescultura. Alexishafen, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn. PD31, 1-6 m.

101

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

begirming of the last whorl, one periph-

eral and the other one basal; both disap-

pear in the last quarter whorl.

The spire and the space between the

carinae is convex; the base is slightly

convex in its central area and concave in

the area bordering the basal carina.

Umbilicus funnel shaped, limited by a

thick spiral cord with axial ridges on its

surface; umbilical wall smooth. Aper-

ture rounded, prosocline; parietal area

covered by a thick callus that extends

into the interior of the umbilicus,

occluding it; columella arched, thick,

not reflected; outer lip thickened,

smooth at its margin, only modified by

a slight internal angle caused by the

basal carina.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

2.3 mm in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral species collected

between 1-6 m in depth.

Remarks: A. simplicissima is very dif-

ferent from all other species studied and

known, The species is characterized by

the protoconch, which stands at a level

lower than the whorls of the teleoconch;

the thick subsutural cord and the thick

and striated periumbilical cord; the reg-

ularity of the zigzagging in cords and

spiral grooves; the weak carinae; the

parietal callus that penetrates inside the

umbilicus and the particular funnel

shaped umbilicus.

Its ornamentation in zigzag is very

similar to that of other species such as

A. discus ; the fact that the protoconch is

partially covered by the first whorl of

the teleoconch, approximates it to A.

lentiformis , A. discus and A. religiosa.

Anticlimax virginiae spec. nov. (Figures 8C, 65A-G)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27215 (Figs. 8C, 65A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Vanuatu, Malparavu Island, 15°22.2,S, 167°11.3'E, 2-3 m [SANTO 2006: Stn. LD09].

Etymology: The specific ñame is after Virginie Héros, Assistant curator of Molluscs, an importan!

person in the malacological studies in the MNHN.

Distribuí-ion: Only known from the

type material between 2 and 3 m.

Description: Shell small (<2 mm),

robust, wider than high, formed by

about 4 whorls, narrowly umbilicate.

Protoconch with 2 V* whorls, measuring

420 jtun. Although it is seemingly

smooth, under magnification it is com-

pletely covered by microgranules; the

end is evident with the microsculpture

of the teleoconch. Teleoconch with 2

whorls showing 2 thick peripheral

carinae which angle the shell, one

located on the adapical part and the

other in the middle of the periphery;

shell markedly convex from the second

carina to the umbilicus. The whole

teleoconch is covered by spiral cords,

narrower than their interspaces, within

which are distributed fine axial striae

and microtubercles.

Aperture oval, very thick; parietal

area with a thick callus forming an

angle; columella very thick, inclined and

reflected towards the umbilicus,

forming a thick callus which occludes it

completely; outer lip very thick, not

modified by spiral cords ñor expanded

laterally by the peripheral carina. There

is a broadened triangular area at the

junction with the columella. Umbilicus

completely occluded by the thickening

and reflection of the columella.

Operculum multispiral with a

central nucleus.

Dimensions: the holotype measures

1.93 mm in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral species found in

sediments collected at 2-3 m in depth.

Remarks: The general shape of the shell

comes closer to genus Panastoma Pilsbry

& Olsson, 1952. The lack of zigzagging

cordlets, the thick columellar callus that

occludes the umbilicus by the reflection

of the columella itself and the outer lip not

prolonged by the spiral cords, are char-

acters which leave no doubt about its posi-

tion in the genus Anticlimax.

102

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 65A-G. Anticlimax virginiae spec. nov. A~C: holotype, 1.93 mm (MNHN); D: apical view

and protoconch (holotype); E: detail of the microsculpture of the protoconch; F-G: microsculp-

ture and detail. Vanuatu, Malparavu Island, Stn. LD09, 2-3 m.

Figura 65A-G. Anticlimax virginiae spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,93 mm (MNHN); D: visión apical y

protoconch a (paratipo); E: detalle de la microescultura de la protoconcha; F-G: micro escultura y detalle.

Vanuatu, Isla de Malparavu, Stn. LD09, 2-3 m.

103

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Ungrouped species

Species included here are very dif™ not need to mention differential cha-

ferent to any other in the genus and do racters.

Anticlimax religiosa spec. nov. (Figures 8D, 66A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27216 (Figs. 8D, 66A-C).

Material examined: Only from the type locality.

Type locality: Philippines, Pamilacan Island, 9°29.4'N, 123°56.0'E, 15-20 m, hard ground covered

with sand [PANGLAO 2004: Stn. S22].

Etymology: The specific ñame is referred to the similarity of the shell with a religious borrnet.

Distribution : Only known from its

type locality between 15 and 20 m.

Description: Shell very small (<1.50

mm), wider than high, formed by 3 whorls

profusely decorated, not umbilicate. The

protoconch measures at least 245 jum in di-

ameter and has approximately 1 Vi whorls,

is apparently smooth and has 2 distinct

phases; it is partially concealed by the sub-

sequent whorl. The teleoconch has 1 Vi

whorls, is bícarinate, with a peripheral

and a basal carina. Ornamentation formed

by zigzagging cords and grooves covering

all the shell, including the umbilical cal¬

los; 18 cords between the suture and the

peripheral carina can be observed from

the last Vi whorl, 9 between the peripher¬

al carina and the basal one, 10-11 on the

base and 9 on the umbilical callos. Each

whorl tends to cover largely the previous

one. Adapical part and the space between

carinae are slightly concave; base fíat.

Umbilicus narrow and deep, almost

completely covered by the umbilical

callus. Aperture triangular, parietal area

with a thick callus; columella arched,

thickened and reflected towards the

umbilicus, forming a large callus which

occludes it almost completely; outer lip

modified by the carinae which expand it

laterally.

Dimensions: the holotype size is 1.40

mm in diameter and 0.64 mm in heigth.

Habitat : Infralittoral species suc-

tioned at 15-20 m on hard ground

covered with sand bottom.

Remarks : The shell resembles a

bonnet in shape (a religious cap). The

species is characterized by its shape; by

the regular ornamentation of cords and

grooves in zigzag which are distributed

by the whole shell; for the flattened

space between carinae; the shape of the

outer lip, modified by the two carinae

and the umbilical callus which is

covered by cords and spiral grooves in

zigzag and covering the umbilicus to

leave it reduced to a small fissure.

Anticlimax obesa spec. nov. (Figures 8E, 67A-F, 68A-F)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27217 (Figs. 8E, 67A-C).

Material examined: (2 s): Philippines. AURORA 2007: 1 s, Stn. DW2739, 16°Q5'N, 121°58'E, 96 m

(type material). Papua New Guinea. PAPUA NIUGINI: 1 s, Yomba I., Beach, Stn. PD74, 5°14.7,S,

145°47.4'E, 1-3 m.

Type locality: Philippines, NO "Da-Bfar", 16°05'N, 121°58/E, 96 m [AURORA 2007: Stn. DW2739],

Etymology: The specific ñame refers to the portly aspect of the shell.

Distribution : Only known from the

Philippines at 96 rn and from Papua

New Guinea between 1 and 3 m.

Description : Shell small (size >5.00

mm); very strong and robust, wider

than high, with a very low spire, carí¬

nate and widely umbilicate. The proto¬

conch has 1 lA whorls, measuring about

330 jum and being apparently smooth or

slightly rough. The first whorl of the

104

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 66A-F. Anticlimax religiosa spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 1.4 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch of

the holotype; E-F: sculpture and detail. Philippines, Pamilacan Island, PANGLAO 2004, Stn.

S22, 1 5-20 m on hard ground covered with sand bottom.

Figura 66A-F. Anticlimax religiosa spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 1,4 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha del

holotipo; E-F: escultura y detalle. Filipinas, Isla de Pamilacán, PANGLAO 2004, Stn. S22, 15-20 m,

fondo duro con arena.

teíeoconch tends to cover partially the

protoconch.

The teíeoconch has 3 whorls, is bicar-

inate, with one peripheral and another

periumbilical carinae; omamentation com¬

pasee! of spiral cords, grooves or round-

ed cells in the interspaces between the

cords, ribs and axial folds. On the adapi¬

cal part at the beginning of the teíeoconch

4-5 thick cords are observed, which are

105

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 67A-F. Anticlimax obesa spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 5.9 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch of the

holotype; E-F: microsculpture. Philippines, AURORA 2007, Stn. DW2739, 96 m.

Figura 67A-F. Anticlimax obesa spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 5,9 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha del

holotipo; E-F: microescultura. Filipinas, AURORA 2007, Stn. DW2739, 96 m.

106

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 68A-F. Anticlimax obesa spec. nov. A-B: shell, 5.25 mm; C: protoconch; D-F: microsculp-

ture. Papua New Guinea, Yomba Island, Stn. PD74, 1-3 m.

Figura 68A-F. Anticlimax obesa spec. nov. A-B: concha, 5,25 mm; C; protoconcha; D-F: microescul-

tura. Papua Nueva Guinea, isla de Yomba, Stn. PD74, 1-3 m.

107

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

crossed by fine axial ribs, forming small

nodules at the intersections and with deep

cells of rounded aspect in the spaces be-

tween the cords.

After the first whorl, thick axial folds

appear, which elevate the spire in rela-

tion to the peripheral carina; the nodules

of the cords disappear and the cells are

transformed into continuous grooves.

On the last whorl, on the adapical part,

about 20 strong axial folds and 12-13 spi-

ral cords can be seen. There is no basal

carina. From the peripheral to the peri-

umbilical carinae, there are spiral cords

and quadrangular cells in the inter-

spaces; near the base and down to the

periumbilical carina 19 large axial folds

are present. Umbilicus wide and deep,

externally delimited by a carina which

angles it; a very large cord originates

from the thickening of the columella and

continúes internally; umbilical wall

smooth, with only growth lines.

Aperture quadrangular, slightly

prosocline; parietal area covered by a

very thick callus; columella arched, very

thick and reflected towards the umbili¬

cus, forming a thick callus which also

constitutes the cord inside the umbili¬

cus. External lip with an edge not modi-

fied by the spiral cords, with an internal

angle formed by the peripheral carina,

which does not expand the lip laterally.

Dimensions: holotype measures 5.9

mm in diameter and 3.1 mm in height.

Habitat : Species of the infra- and cir-

calittoral. In the Philippines dredged at

96 m in depth; in Papua New Guinea

collected between 1 and 3 m in depth.

Remarks : Anticlimax obesa spec. nov.

is characterized by the relatively largest

size (5.0 mm) and the robustness of the

shell; by the position of the peripheral

carina; by the thick periumbilical cord;

by many folds that thrust from the base

and by its quadrangular aperture.

Anticlimax juanae spec. nov. (Figures 8F, 69A-G, 70A-F, 71 A-E)

Type material: Holotype MNHN 27218 (Figs. 8F, 69A-C).

Material examined: (9 s): New Caledonia, LIFOU 2000: 1 s, Stn. 1426, Huneté, Baie du Santal, Loyalty

Is., 20°45.9'S, 167°06.2'E, 4-7 m (type material). Philippines. PANGLAO 2004: 1 s, Stn. B41, Bali-

casag Island, 9°30.9,N, 123°40.8/E, 17-19 m, floor of large cave; 1 s, Bohol Island, Maribohoc Bay,

Stn. T14, 9°42'N, 123°49'E, 101-110 m, mud with shells; 1 s, Doljo Point, Panglao Island, Stn. M5,

9°35.5'N, 123°43.3,-123°44.3,E, 0-2 m, mixed intertidal platform, fringe mangrove, seagrass; 2 s,

Baclayon, Bohol Island, Stn. S2, 9°37.4'N, 123°54.5'E, 4-5 m, hard bottom with small sediment

patches; 1 s, Stn. B21, 9°37.2'N, 123°46.4'E, 20-21 m, reef wall with small caves; 1 s, Bohol Island,

Ubajan, Stn. S25, 9°41.5'N, 123°51.0'E, 21 m, mud; 1 s, Panglao Island, Napaling, Stn. B8, 9°37.PN,

123°46.1'E, 3 m, subtidal reef platform.

Type locality: New Caledonia, Huneté, Baie du Santal, Loyalty Is., 20°45.9'S, 167°06.2'E, 4-7 m

[LIFOU 2000: Stn. 1426].

Etymology: The specific ñame is after luana Maria Lijó Ageitos, from Valencia, Spain, a good friend

of the first author.

Distribution : Loyalty Is., in New

Caledonia between 4-7 m and the

Philippines between 2 and 101 m.

Description: Shell small (>2.00 mm),

very strong, robust, bicarinate, densely

ornamented and narrowly umbilicate;

formed by 3 3á whorls; last whorl cover-

ing most of the previous whorls. The pro-

toconch is situated on a lower level and is

partially covered by the first whorl of the

teleoconch. It has 1 lA whorls, measuring

220 jum, is slightly rough and comprises 2

phases separated by a lip thickening. The

teleoconch has 2 Vi whorls and shows two

thick carinae, one basal and the other peri¬

umbilical, developed in zigzag.

Ornamentation formed by thick axial

ribs that begin at the suture zone and end

at the basal carina; by other shorter thick

ribs that unite the basal and periumbili¬

cal carinae; also by spiral cordlets sepa¬

rated by deep grooves, in which fine axial

striae can be seen. These cordlets are

extended in zigzag and are distributed

108

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 69A-G. Anticlimax juanae spec. nov. A-C: holotype, 2.55 mm (MNHN); D: protoconch

(holotype); E-F: microsculpture; G: detail. New Caledonia, Loyalty Is., Santal Bay, in front of

Huneté, Stn. 1426, 4-7 m, bottom of small rocks in sandy areas.

Figura 69A-G. Anticlimax juanae spec. nov. A-C: holotipo, 2,55 mm (MNHN); D: protoconcha

(holotipo); E-F: microescultura; G: detalle. Nueva Caledonia, Islas de Loyauté, Bahía de Santal, frente

a Huneté, Stn. 1426, 4-7 m, fondo de pequeñas rocas en áreas arenosas .

109

IberuSy Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 70A-F. Anticlimax juanae spec. noy. A-B: shell, 1.9 mm, Philippines, Doljo Point, Panglao

Island, Stn. M5, 0 -2 m; C-D: shell, 2.0 mm, Philippines, Napaling, Panglao Island, Stn. B8, 3 m;

E: protoconch; F: microsculpture.

Figura 70A-F Anticlimax juanae spec . nov. A-B: concha, 1,9 mm, Filipinas, Punta Doljo, Isla de

Panglao, Stn. M5, 0-2 m; C-D: concha, 2,0 mm, Filipinas, Napaling, Isla de Panglao, Stn . B8, 3 m;

E: protoconcha; F: microescultura.

over all the teleoconch; 28 cords can be

observed along the outer lip, from the

suture to the basal carina, 11-12 cords from

the basal to the periumbilical carinae and

15-16 inside the umbilical area.

Aperture triangular; parietal area

with a thick callus; columella curved,

thick, reflected towards the umbilicus;

both the umbilical and the parietal callus

are covered by zigzagging spiral cords;

110

Rubio & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 71A-E. Anticlimax juanae spec. nov. A-B: juvenile shell, 1.4 mm; C: protoconch; D-E:

microsculpture. Philippines, Bohol Island, Maribohoc Bay, Stn. Ti 4, 101-110 m.

Figura 71A-E. Anticlimax juanae spec. nov. A-B: concha juvenil, 1,4 mm; C: protoconcha; D-E:

microescultura. Filipinas, Isla de Bohol, Bahía de Maribohoc, Stn. T14, 101-110 m.

IberuSy Suplemento 6, 2014

outer lip thick, modified by the basal

carina which prolongs it laterally. Umbili-

cus small and deep, almost occluded by

the thickening of the columellar callus;

umbilical area funnel-shaped, with very

weak axial ribs inside.

Dimensions: the holotype is 2.55 mm

in diameter.

Habitat: Infralittoral-circalittoral species

found on a bottom of small stones with

patches of sediment at 4-7 m in depth from

Loyalty Is., New Caledonia. The speci-

mens from the Philippines were collected

at 3 m, brushing on a subtidal reef plat-

form (Stn. B8); at 20-21 m, brushing on reef

wall with small caves (Stn. B21); at 17-19

m, brushing on the floor of large caves

(Stn. B41); at 0-2 m in mixed intertidal plat-

form, fringe mangove, seagrass (Stn. M5);

at 4-5 m, on a hard bottom with patches

of sediment (Stn. S2) and at 101-110 m,

trawled in mud with shells (Stn. T14).

Remarks : This is one of the species with

the most densely ornamented shell among

all the studied material; the carinae and

zigzagging cordlets plus the thick axial

ribs are characters which differentiate this

species from its congeners.

Only two bands, one near the basal

carina and another between the basal

and periumbilical carinae appear

without spiral cords or grooves in the

studied specimen, from Loyalty Is., Baie

du Santal (Fig. 69). This specimen also

has a protoconch that is somewhat larger

in diameter (245 jum), as well as a lower

number of axial folds between the basal

and the periumbilical carinae. All these

differences are not enough for specific

differentiation, so we group all studied

specimens from both Loyalty Is. and the

Philippines within the same species.

The 10 samples from Philippines

studied, have the same ornamentation,

without smooth bands, contrary to what

happens in the single specimen from

Loyalty Islands; only in the case of finding

new specimens exhibiting such smooth

zones could we think of a specific sepa-

ration.

OTHER SPECIES STUDIED

Anticlimax rostrata (Hedley, 1900) (Figures 72A-C)

Anticlimax cf. rostrata (Figure 72E-F)

Liotia rostrata Hedley, 1900 (original combination). Proc. Linn. Soc . N.S.W. 24(3): 502, pl. 26, figs.

4-7. [Type locality: off Cape York, Torres Strait].

Lioprora rostrata (Hedley, 1900): Laseron (1958). Records ofthe Austr alian Museum 24(11): 169, figs. 25-27.

Canimarina rostrata (Hedley, 1900): Faber (2012). Miscellanea Malacologica 5(5): 94.

Type material: Holotype deposited in the Australian Museum (c. 8100), examined by photographs

(Figs. 72A-C).

Other material studied: 1 s. Papua New Guinea, S Urembo L, outer slope, PAPUA NIUGINI: Stn

PS43, 05°15.9/S, 145°47.1,E, 14 m (Figs. 72E-F), in this paper as Anticlimax cf. rostrata.

Remarks : Originally, Hedley (1900)

placed the species in the genus Liotia,

but with doubts. Laseron (1958) created

the genus Lioprora and places Liotia ros¬

trata as the type species, mentioning:

"The rostíate aperture of Lioprora should

alone be sufficient to establish its generic

identity".

Faber (2012) discusses the syn-

onymy of Canimarina with Anticlimax

made by Rubio et al. (2011); he consid-

ers Canimarina a valid genus and

ineludes in it Anticlimax crassilabris, A.

glaber and Lioprora rostrata.

As we have stated previously

(Rubio et al. 2011), we continué to

consider Canimarina a júnior synonym

of Anticlimax, and therefore Lioprora

Laseron, 1958 must be considered a

synonym of Anticlimax and Lioprora

rostrata Hedley, 1900 should be placed

in the genus Anticlimax, changing its

ñame to Anticlimax rostrata (Hedley,

1900).

112

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 72A-E. Anticlimax rostrata (Hedley, 1900). A-B: holotype, 2.8 mm (Australian Museum,

c.8100); C: protoconch of the holotype; D: original figures. E-F: Anticlimax cf. rostrata, 2.55 mm

and protoconch, S Urembo Island, Papua New Guinea, Stn PS43, 14 m.

Figura 72A-E. Anticlimax rostrata (Hedley, 1900). A-B: holotipo, 2,8 mm (Australian Museum,

c.8100); C: protoconcha del holotipo; D: figura original. E-F : Anticlimax cf. rostrata, 2,55 mm y pro-

toconcha, S Isla de Urembo, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn PS43, 14 m.

This species is characterized by its

spire which is developed almost on the

same plañe, its particular ornamentation

and the broad funnel shaped umbilicus.

The specimen studied and identified

as Anticlimax cf. rostrata presents mor-

phological characters that we can identify

in the holotype as a flattened spire and

113

Iherus , Suplemento 6, 2014

the axial costulation seen on the adapical

part; however, it has no axial ribs on the

periphery and the base. This specimen is

apparently not an adult and therefore has

not fully developed either the aperture or

the characteristic angulation of the outer

lip that expands the aperture laterally.

The protoconch apparently has less

whorls, measuring about 335 iim and has

developed two phases; the first shows a

rough surface and the second has thick

tubercles, that sometimes appear aligned

or, at other times, dispersed; the lip thick-

ening separates it from the teleoconch.

Anticlimax sp. (Figures 73A-E)

Material studied: 1 s. Papua New Guinea, S Urembo I., PAPUA NIUGINI, Stn PS41, 05°15.9'S -

145°47.1,E, 10 m, outer slope.

Description: The protoconch has 1 Vi

whorls measuring about 340 jum in

diameter and there are 2 phases in its

development; the first is situated on a

tilted plañe with respect to the axis of

the shell and is slightly rough; the

second phase shows some very small

and scattered tubercles. The teleoconch

has at least two whorls, is dorsally

slightly convex and basally very convex

and it has a thick peripheral carina.

Ornamentation formed by spiral cords

and axial ribs which intersect forming

cells of different shapes and size. On the

adapical part there are 6 spiral cords at

the beginning of the teleoconch and 15“

16 flatter ones at the end, between the

suture and the peripheral carina.

The base is also completely covered

by spiral cords intersected by axial ribs

that starting from the umbilical margin

go up to the peripheral carina. Umbilicus

wide and deep, with smooth walls, not

occluded by any callus, but limited by a

carina formed by the thickening of the

base of the columella. The aperture is

quadr angular; the columella is thick and

arched; the outer lip is angled centrally

by the effect of the peripheral carina.

Dimensions: the studied shell mea-

sures 2.7 mm in diameter.

Remarles: Anticlimax sp. shows

unique morphological characters that

make it very different from A. rostrata

and A. cf. rostrata, but the fact of having

a single shell, it not being completely

adult or if it is adult, having a broken

aperture, makes it difficult for us to dif-

ferentiate it specifically from congeneric

species.

Other species in this genus

During the study of the tropical

South Pacific species, it was necessary to

make a comparison with other taxa pre-

viously known. Those from the

Caribbean have been recently sampled

and commented by Rubio, Fernández-

Garcés & Rolán (2011). For the

Caribbean species we refer the reader to

that work.

Other species in the Pacific area are:

Anticlimax niasensis (Thiele, 1925) (Figures 74A-F)

Discopsis niasensis Thiele, 1925. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition aufdem

Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898-1899. 17 (2): 76, pl. 5, figs. 34-6. [Type locality: Indian Ocean, Stat. 193:

off Sumatra, S of Mas, (0°30.2/N, 97°59.07'W)].

Type material: Examined: Two dried shells (syntypes): one entire shell, 2 mm; the other syntype

is a fragment deposited in Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin - Malakologie. (ZMB/Moll - 109214).

Type locality: Indian Ocean, Stat. 193: off Sumatra, S of Nias, (0°30.2'N, 97°59.07'W).

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 73A-E. Anticlimax sp. A-C: shell, 2.7 mm; D: protoconch; E: microsculpture. S Urembo L,

Papua New Guinea, Stn. PS41, 10 m.

Figura 73A-E. Anticlimax sp. A-C: concha. , 2,7 mm; D: protoconcha; E: microescultura. S de Isla de

Urembo, Papua Nueva Guinea, Stn. PS41, 10 m.

Description: See Tríele (1925). The

protoconch has a little more than 2

whorls with 280 pm in diameter and, in

spite of its poor condition, some strong

tubercles can be seen on its second whorl.

The last half whorl of the protoconch is

partially covered by the first whorl of the

teleoconch; this makes the protoconch

appear to be deflected in relation to the

axis of the shell (Fig. 74E). The teleo-

conch, on the adapical part, appears

covered by spiral cords with rounded

cells in their interspaces; basaily the shell

is apparently smooth. A strong callus is

developed behind the columella and

occludes the umbilicus progressively.

Remarks: A. niasensis may be distin-

guished from A. padangensis by having a

scarcely ornamented teleoconch, a more

closed umbilicus and by the slight

carina being situated in the middle of

the periphery.

1 15

IheruSy Suplemento 6, 2014

Anticlimax padangensis (Thiele, 1925) (Figures 75A-F)

Discopsis padangensis Thiele, 1925. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der deutschen T iefsee-Expedition auf

dem Dampfer " Valdivia " 1898-1899. 17 (2):76, pl. 5, figs. 40-2. [Holotype - Type locality: Indone¬

sia, Sumatra, Padang].

Type material: Holotype (ZMB / Moll-1 08506); one shell labelled as syntype (ZMB/Moll-109213)

off Sumatra, S of Nias, Q°30'2"N, 97°59/7"Wi Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition

Type locality: Padang, Sumatra, Indonesia.

Description : See Thiele (1925). The

protoconch has 2 whorls, with a diameter

of about 300 jum and because of its poor

condition we cannot see any ornamenta-

tion. Shell bicarinate: a peripheral and

another basal carinae. The peripheral, is

weakened towards the outer lip avoiding

the forming of an angle; the basal carina

expands the lip laterally and forms a

strong projection of the outer lip. The

space between the carinae is concave.

The teleoconch is covered by spiral cords

on the adapical part; basally the axial ribs

are predominant. Umbilicus large allow-

ing the previous whorls to be seen.

Remarks : For separation from A.

niasensis see above in the remarks on

this species.

Anticlimax carinata (A. Adams, 1863)

Adeorbis carinatus A. Adams, 1863. Proc. Sci. Meet. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 75 [Type locality: Seto-

Uchi; Akasi (Akasi, Hyógo prefecture. Seto inland sea].

Vitrinella carinata (A. Adams, 1863): Okutani (2000). Marine Mollusks in japan, pp. 173, pl. 86, fig. 2.

Type material: Syntype deposited in BMNH (1874.5.19.49) figured in Higo, Callomon & Goto

(1999: G1010).

Description : Original description in

A. Adams (1863): "A. testa ovato-orbicu-

lari , obliqua, depresso-conoidali, subdi -

aphana , alba, late umbilicata ; anfractibus

convexius culis , transversim tenuiter stri-

atis, rapide accrescentibus, ultimo antice

dilatato , ad peripheriam acute carinato;

apertura subtrigonali, antice angulata et

producía, umbilico margine acuto".

Habitat : Known only from shallow

waters in the Seto Inland Sea (Okutani,

2000).

Remarks : A. Adams (1863: 75)

comments: "The keel at the periphery

is marked and prominent, forming an

acute ledge around the last whorl. The

only other species at all resembling it

is A. subcarinata, found in the British

seas".

Okutani (2000: 173) described the

species as: " Shell depressed conical,

translucent white. Body whorl [f] lange

(sic )large with sharply angulate periphery

and fíat base. Suture canaliculated on the

body whorl. Outer lip of the aperture with a

strong projection at its base".

Anticlimax carinatus does not look at

all like Adeorbis subcarinatus Montagu,

1803 ( Tornus subcarinatus ) but it has a

great resemblance to the new described

species Anticlimax vanuatuensis and A.

levis, and the already described A.

niasensis , mainly in the basal keel which

is increased on the last whorl of the

teleoconch and which gives it a charac-

teristic shape. Although we could not

examine the holotype despite having

requested it to the NHMLJK, we con-

sider that it is a different species from A.

vanuatuensis, A. levis and A. niasensis

fundamentally due to its known distrib-

ution area.

Adeorbis carinatus A. Adams, 1863

must be placed in genus Anticlimax,

changing its ñame to Anticlimax carina¬

tus (A. Adams, 1863).

116

RUBIO & ROLÁN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 74A-F. Anticlimax niasensis (Thiele, 1925). A-E: syntype, 2 rnm (ZMB, 109214). F: proto-

conch (syntype).

Figura 74A-F. Anticlimax niasensis (Thiele, 1925). A-E: sintipo, 2 mm (ZMB, 109214). F: protocon-

cha (sintipo).

117

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Figure 7SA-E. Anticlimax padangensis (TMelel 1925). A-C: holotype, 2 mm (ZMB, molí 108506). D-

E: fragment, 1.2 mm, labeíled as syntype, Sumatra (ZMB molí 109213); F; protoconch of this last

fragment.

Figura 75A-E. Anticlimax padangensis (Tbiek, 1925), A-G hobtipo, 2 mm (ZMB, molí 108506). D-E: frag¬

mento, 1,2 mm, etiquetado como sintipo, Sumatra (ZMB moü 109213); F: pmtoconcha de este último fragmento.

SPECIES NOT IN THE GENU8 ANTICLIMAX

Vitrinella arifca Bartsdi, 1915 (Figure 76)

Vitrinella ( Docomphala ) arifca Bartsch, 1915. [Type locality: Fort Alfred, South África].

Type material: Holotype and one paratype deposited in USNM (250554), come from Fort Alfred

(ColL Num. 1427).

118

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Figure 76. Vitrinella ( Docomphala ) arifca Bartsch, 1915. Original figuration in Bull. USNM, 91,

PL 32, figs. 7-9.

Figura 76. Vitrinella (Docomphala) arifca Bartsch, 1915. Representación original en Bull. USNM,

91, PL 32, figs. 7-9.

Description : Original descríption in

Barstch (1915: 168):" Shell minute, rather

thick, semitranslucent, bluish white. Nuclear

whorls one and one-half, well rounded, pol-

ished, smooth. Postnuclear turns one and

one-fourth, strongly rounded, marked by two

slender spiral cords at the summit and mi¬

croscopio spiral striations on the rest of the

surface. In addition to the spiral sculpture

the turns are marked by fine Unes ofgrowih.

On the outer edge of the aperture a number

of strongly incised spiral scratches make

their appearance. Sutures well impressed.

Periphery of the last whorl well rounded.

Base well rounded, strongly umbilicated. The

umbilicus is limited exteriorly by a strong,

slightly tuberculated, spiral cord. Three addi -

tional, strongly tuberculated, spiral cords,

which decrease in strength from the outer

edge inward, mark the inner wall of the um¬

bilicus. The posterior portion of the base, be-

tween the limiting spiral cord of the umbili¬

cus and the periphery, is smooth, while the

other half adjoining the spiral cord is marked

by decidedly retractively slanting, oblique,

slender, axial ribs which anastomose with the

spiral cord limiting the umbilicus. Aperture

circular; outer lip very thick; inner lip very

strong and reflected, strongly curved within,

the outer edge oblique and straight. The pos¬

terior angle of the aperture is filled by a

strong callus. The type measures: altitude

0.6 mm; greater diameter 1.1 mrn".

Remarks: In World Register of Marine

Species (WORMS) Sartori (2013) places

Vitrinella (Docomphala) arifca Bartsch,

1915 in genus Anticlimax, but consider-

ing it as " Species Inquirenda".

In our opinión, on the basis of the

description and original figuration, it is

not an Anticlimax, and probably it is a

Leucorhynchia or a Cirsonella.

119

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

CONCLUSIONS AND COMMENTS

¿fet,

In the present paper, out of 44

species studied, only one could be

assigned, with doubts, to a known taxon

(A. rostrata ); one more is presented as

sp., due to the fact that it is either a juve-

nile or has a broken outer lip; the other

42 have been described as being consid-

ered new. The lack of knowledge about

this group is probably due to the small

size of most species and because the

area has traditionally been scarcely

sampled in a little known Pacific Ocean.

Two more taxa, previously known, were

placed in other genera and now are con¬

si de red in the genus Anticlimax.

Precisely due to their small size and

being collecting in sediments, nothing

was known about the soft parts and we

present here some data on the external

anatomy and on the radula.

The species here studied and

described were collected in the follow-

ing countries:

-Philippines 22 species

-Papua New Guinea 11 species

-Vanuatu 10 species

-New Caledonia 5 species

-Solomon Is. 4 species

-Fiji 2 species.

Due to the scarce material available

for most species, information on overall

range cannot be considered sufficient. In

fact, it is probable that some species

have a larger distribution than a single

archipelago. There are species with a

short protoconch (1 Vi whorls) that are

probably endemic to one archipelago,

but there are quite a few others with

two whorls of protoconch or a little

more indicating a planktotrophic

period, which probably may live in

several archipelagos.

The rarity of the material collected is

highlighted when one realizes that only

in 4 species the number of shells col-

lected was higher than 10; in 2 cases, the

number was between 5-10; on 5 occa-

sions, the shells were 4-5; in 7 cases,

they were 3; in 6, only 2; and in 20 cases,

only one shell was available. Fortu-

nately, the genus is very rich in morpho-

logical details and microsculpture, and

so, conclusions could be reached based

on so few specimens.

In some few cases a particular

species has been collected in more than

one country: five species (A. simulans, A.

cyclist, A. dentata, A. philsmithi and A.

obesa ) were collected in the Philippines

and Papua New Guinea; one species {A.

fecunda ) was collected in New Caledonia

and Vanuatu; another (A. tamarae ) was

collected in the Solomon Islands and the

Philippines; yet another (A. discus) in

Vanuatu and the Philippines; a further

one (A. juanae ) in New Caledonia and

the Philippines; and finally the last {A.

lentiformis ) in Fiji and the Philippines.

The Philippines seems to be the

country with more species, presenting

the greatest diversification of this group;

this is followed by Papua New Guinea

with 11 species and Vanuatu with 10.

Regarding the sculpture, there are

only two patterns common to all the

species: either a smooth surface (some-

times partially), or with spirally aligned

circular or oval depressions (Fig. 3A-C);

these depressions become confluent

when they increase in size (Fig. 3D),

fusing together and forming a space

between cords that has a zigzag profile.

The studied species are mostly from

shallow water. Those collected in very

deep water are few:

Between 0 and 10 m, 15 species were

collected, but exclusively between these

limits only 9 of them; they were 4 in

Papua New Guinea, 2 in the Philip¬

pines, 2 in Vanuatu and 1 in New Cale¬

donia.

Between 10 and 100 m, 26 species

were collected: 15 in the Philippines, 5

in Papua New Guinea, 2 in New Cale¬

donia and 6 in Vanuatu.

Between 100 and 200 m, 9 species in

the Philippines.

Between 200 and 300 m, 3 species: 1

in New Caledonia, 1 in Vanuatu and 1

in Fiji.

In more than 300 m, 3 species: 2 in

the Solomons and 1 in Vanuatu.

In more than 400 m, 6 species: 4 in

the Solomons, 1 in Vanuatu and 1 in Fiji.

120

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Deeper that 600 m, 2 species: 1 in Fiji

and 1 in Vanuatu.

There are some inconsistencies in the

vertical deep collecting in some species:

for example, A. lentiformis was collected

between 80-100 m in the Philippines

while in Fiji it was between 660-663 m.

However, with such limited quantities

of material, the information may be

changed accidentally.

So far, nothing is known about the

habitat of species of Anticlimax. From all

the localities studied, the Philippines is

the geographical area with the largest

number of described species (22), which

are distributed between the infralittoral,

circalittoral and bathyal floors. Infralit-

toral species have been found predomi-

nantly on hard ground bottom covered

with sand or seagrass; or on soft bottom

(fine sand, mud) with seagrass. Circalit¬

toral species have been found in coarse

sand, fine muddy sand, mud and fine

sand or muddy bottoms with sponges.

The bathyal species come from fine sand

and mud bottom with echinoderms or

mud bottom with shells,

There were two species collected

alive: A. maranii found in caves in the

reef wali; in reef slope or in reef wall

with small caves. The study of its radula

show its affinity with species of Nozeba

such as Nozeba topaziaca (Hedley), as

well as with other species belonging to

the genera included in Vitrinellinae as

Cyclostremiscus calameli (Jousseaume,

1872) or Torninae as Tornus subcarinatus

(Montagu, 1803). Anticlimax cf cyclist

from SANTO [DSCN1661] could be

photographed alive and the animal

showed characters of Vitrinellidae

(cephalic tentacles finely ciliate; snout

distally bilobed; foot expanded anteo-

orly with small lateral projections.)

The radular pattern and the multi-

spiral operculum with a central nucleus

BXBLIOGRAFHY

Adams A. 1863. On the Genera and Species of

Liotiinae found injapan. Proceedings ofthe Sci-

entific Meetings ofthe Zoological Society of hon¬

dón, pp. 71-76.

in Anticlimax maranii spec. nov. as well

as the anatomical characters of A. cf

cyclist confirm the systematic position of

Anticlimax in Tornídae, subfamily Vit¬

rinellinae, based so far on the morpho-

logical characters of the shell.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The material in this paper is based on

the numerous expeditions to the Pacific

Ocean conducted by MNPíN and IRD

o ver the last 25 years. The deep-sea expe¬

ditions are presented by Bouchet et al.

(2008), and the acknowledgements in their

paper are also relevant here. The inde-

fatigable energy of Bertrand Richer de

Forges, sénior scientist on many of these

deep-sea cruises, is specially acknowl-

edged here. The Santo 2006 Global Biodi-

versity Survey and the Papua Niuguini

2012 expedition were made possible

thanks to generous grants from the Total,

Stavros Niarchos and Prince Albert II of

Monaco Foundations to the MNHN "Our

Planet Reviewed" programme. Philippe

Maestrati has coordinated the family-level

sorting of the material studied here. We

also acknowledge the editorial input by

Virginie Heros.

We thank Dr. María Isabel Fraga,

director of the Museo de Historia

Natural of the University of Santiago de

Compostela for the support in obtaining

numerous SEM photographs necessary

for this and other works. This pho-

tographing work was made in coopera-

tion with Jesús Méndez and Inés Pazos

of the CACTI of the University of Vigo.

Also we thank to Javier Conde his

hard work making corrections to the

English text and also to the editor of

Iberus, Serge Gofas, by his constant

effort making corrections and improv-

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122

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

Alphabetial Index

Adeorhis carinata . . . . . . . . . 116

aitormonzoi Anticlimax . . . 11, 49, 50

annae Anticlimax . 6

Anticlimax aitormonzoi . . . 11, 49, 50

Anticlimax annae ................................ 6

Anticlimax arifca . . . . 6, 118, 119

Anticlimax athleenae . . .6

Anticlimax bicarinata . . . 11, 34, 35

Anticlimax bicornis . . 10, 29, 30

Anticlimax boucheti . . . 13, 95, 96

Anticlimax callyglypta . . 5

Anticlimax carinata . . . . . . . 6, 116

Anticlimax crassilabris . 6

Anticlimax cyclist . . . . . 11, 52, 53

Anticlimax decórala . . . . . 5, 6

Anticlimax dentata . 11, 56, 57

Anticlimax discus . . . . . 13, 88, 89

Anticlimax elata . . 12, 56, 61

Anticlimax fastigata . . . 12, 63, 64

Anticlimax faviformis . . 10, 15, 16

Anticlimax fecunda . . . 10, 21, 22

Anticlimax fijiensis . . . 11, 36, 37

Anticlimax glabra . 6

Anticlimax globulus . . . . 13, 93, 94

Anticlimax hispaniolensis . 6

Anticlimax imitatrix . 13, 84, 85

Anticlimax infaceta ........................... 10, 26, 27

Anticlimax juanae . 14, 108, 109

Anticlimax lentiformis . . . . . 13, 88, 91

Anticlimax levis . . . . . 12, 68, 72

Anticlimax locklini . . . 6

Anticlimax maestratii . 13, 78, 79

Anticlimax maranii . . . 11, 39, 40

Anticlimax niasensis . . . . . 6, 114, 117

Anticlimax obesa . . . . 14, 104, 106

Anticlimax occidens . 6

Anticlimax padangensis . . . 6, 114, 118

Anticlimax philippinensis . . . 13, 81, 82

Anticlimax philsmithi . . . 14, 98, 99

Anticlimax pilsbryi . 6

Anticlimax proboscidea . . 5, 6

Anticlimax puncticulata . . . 10, 32, 33

Anticlimax reinaudi . . . . . . . 11, 43, 44

Anticlimax religiosa . . . 14, 104, 105

Anticlimax rhinoceros . . . 12, 65

Anticlimax robusta . . . 10, 24, 25

Anticlimax rostrata . . . . 6, 112, 113, 120

Anticlimax schumoi . .6

Anticlimax serrata ........................... 11, 43, 45

Anticlimax simplex . 12, 74, 76

Anticlimax simplicissima . . . 14, 98, 101

Anticlimax simulans .......................... 10, 17, 18

123

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

Anticlimax singularis . .

Anticlimax solomonensis .

Anticlimax sp ......

Anticlimax spiralis ....

Anticlimax tamarae ....

Anticlimax tentorii ....

Anticlimax textilis ....

Anticlimax umbiliglabra .

Anticlimax uniformis . . .

Anticlimax vanuatuensis .

Anticlimax virginiae . . . ,

Anticlimax willetti . . . .

Anticlimax ........

apertus Discopsis . ... .

arifca Anticlimax . ... .

athleenae Anticlimax . . .

bicarinata Anticlimax . . .

bicornis Anticlimax ....

boucheti Anticlimax . . .

calameli Cydostremiscus .

calliglyptum Teinostoma .

Canimañna ........

Canimarina crassilabris . .

Canimarina glabra . ... .

Canimarina rostrata . . .

carinata Adeorbis . ... .

carinata Anticlimax . . .

carinata Vitrinella .....

Circulus striatus ......

Climacia .........

Climacina .........

Circulus .........

Cochliolepis parasítica . . .

cocolitoris Teinostoma . . .

crassilabris Anticlimax . .

crassilabris Canimarina . .

crassilabris Cydostremiscus

cyclist Anticlimax ....

Cydostremiscus calameli .

Cydostremiscus crassilabris

decipiens Solariorbis . . . .

decórala Antidimax ....

dentata Antidimax ....

Discopsis apertus .....

Discopsis niasensis . ... .

Discopsis padangensis . . ,

discus Antidimax ....

elata Antidimax .....

fastigata Antidimax . . .

faviformis Anticlimax . .

fecunda Antidimax ....

fijiensis Antidimax ....

glabra Antidimax . ... .

glabra Canimarina .....

. .10,29,31

. . 12, 60, 62

. . 114, 115

. . 12, 73, 75

. .11,46,47

. . 13, 86, 87

. .12,67,69

. .10,17,20

. .13,76, 77

. . 12, 67, 70

14, 102, 103

. .... .6

. . . . .4,5

. .... .2

. 6, 118, 119

. .6

. . 11, 34, 35

. .10,29,30

. .13,95,96

. . .2,121

. ... .5,8

. .... .5

. .... .6

. .... .6

. . . .6, 112

. ... .116

... .6,116

. ... .116

. .... .2

...... 4

. .... .4

.... .42

. .... .2

. .... .2

. .... .6

. .... .6

. .... .5

. . 11, 52, 53

. . . 2, 121

. .... .5

. .... .5

. ... .5,6

. .11,56,57

. .... .2

. .114,117

. . 114, 118

. 13, 88, 89

. 12, 56, 61

. 12, 63, 64

. 10, 15, 16

. 10, 21, 22

, . 11, 36, 37

. .... .6

. .... .6

124

RUBIO & RoláN: The genus Anticlimax in the tropical Southwest Pacific

globulus Antidimax . . . 13, 93, 94

hispaniolensis Antidimax . . . 6

imitatrix Antidimax . . . . . 13, 84, 85

infaceta Antidimax . . . 10, 26, 27

juanae Antidimax . . . . 14, 108, 109

leloupi Tornus . . 2

lentiformis Antidimax . . . . . . 13, 88, 91

levis Antidimax . . . . . . 12, 68, 72

Lioprora . . 5

Lioprora rostrata . . . . . . 112

Liotia rostrata . . 112

locklini Antidimax . . 6

maestratii Antidimax . . 13, 78, 79

maranii Antidimax . 11, 39, 40

Miralabrum . . . . . . .5

niasensis Antidimax . . . 6, 114, 117

niasensis Discopsis . . . . 114, 117

Nozeba topaziaca . . . 42, 121

obesa Antidimax . . . . 14, 104, 106

occidens Antidimax . 6

padangensis Antidimax . . . . 6, 114, 118

padangensis Discopsis . . . 114, 118

parasítica Cochliolepis . 2

philippinensis Anticlimax . . . . . 13, 81, 82

philsmithi Anticlimax . . . . . . . 14, 98, 99

pilsbryi Anticlimax . .6

Ponderinella skeneoides . 2

proboscidea Antidimax . . . . 5, 6

Pseudoliotia . 42

puncticulata Anticlimax . . . . . . 10, 32, 33

reinaudi Anticlimax . . . . . 11, 43, 44

religiosa Anticlimax . . . . . . 14, 104, 105

rhinoceros Anticlimax . . . . . 12, 65

robusta Anticlimax . . . 10, 24, 25

rostrata Anticlimax . . . . . 6, 112, 113, 120

rostrata Canimarina . . . 6, 112

rostrata Lioprora . 112

rostrata Liotia . . . . 112

schumoi Anticlimax . . .6

serrata Anticlimax . . . 11, 43, 45

simplex Anticlimax . . . 12, 74, 76

simplicissima Antidimax ....................... 14, 98, 101

simulans Anticlimax . . . 10, 17, 18

singularis Anticlimax . . . 10, 29, 31

skeneoides Ponderinella . . 2

Solariorbis decipiens . 5

solomonensis Anticlimax . . . . . 12, 60, 62

spiralis Anticlimax . . . . . 2, 73, 75

striatus Circulus . 2

subcarinatus Tornus . . . . . . 2, 42, 121

Subclimax . . .5

tamarae Anticlimax . . . 11, 46, 47

Teinostoma calliglyptum . 5, 8

Teinostoma cocolitoris . . 2

125

Iberus , Suplemento 6, 2014

tentorii Anticlimax . 13, 86, 87

textilis Anticlimax . 12, 67, 69

topaziaca Nozeba . . 42, 121

Tornidae . .4

Tornus leloupi . . 2

Tornus subcarinatus . . . 2, 42, 121

Truncatelloidea . . .4

umbiliglabra Anticlimax . . 10, 17, 20

uniformis Anticlimax . . . 13, 76, 77

vanuatuensis Anticlimax . 12, 67, 70

virginiae Anticlimax . . 14, 102, 103

Vitrinella carinata ............................... 116

Vitrinellinae . 4

willetti Anticlimax . 6

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procede, como un suplemento de Iberus. Los autores interesados en publicar monografías deberán ponerse

previamente en contacto con el Editor de Publicaciones. Se entiende que el contenido de los manuscritos no ha

sido publicado, ni enviado simultáneamente a otra revista para su consideración.

• Los manuscritos, así como toda la correspondencia relacionada con los mismos, deberán ser remitidos a:

Serge Gofas, Editor de Publicaciones, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de

Teatinos, s/n, 29071, Málaga, España y /o al correo electrónico <sgofas@uma.es>.

• El texto del trabajo podrá estar redactado en español, inglés, italiano, francés o portugués.

• Los artículos, notas y monografías deberán presentarse sobre DIN A-4, por una sola cara a doble espacio

(incluyendo referencias, pies de figura y tablas), con al menos 3 centímetros de margen por cada lado. Los tra¬

bajos se entregarán por triplicado (original y dos copias) y se incluirá una versión en un CD, o bien remitida

por correo electrónico, utilizando procesadores de texto en sus versiones de corrientes de Windows o Macin¬

tosh. En caso de autoría compartida, uno de los autores deberá hacerse responsable de toda la corresponden¬

cia.

• Junto con el trabajo debe incluirse una lista de al menos 4 posibles revisores del mismo, sin perjuicio de los

que el propio Editor considere oportunos.

• Los manuscritos se presentarán de acuerdo al siguiente esquema:

Primera página. Deberá incluir un título conciso, pero sugerente del contenido del trabajo, así como una traduc¬

ción al inglés del mismo (si el artículo no está escrito en inglés). Cuando sea preciso, deberá incluir referencia a

familia o taxones superiores. A continuación figurarán, por este orden, el nombre y apellidos completos del

autor o autores, las direcciones completas de los mismos, y un resumen del trabajo y su traducción al inglés.

Dicho resumen deberá sintetizar, en conjunción con el título, tanto los resultados como las conclusiones del

artículo; se sugiere una extensión de 100 a 200 palabras.

Páginas siguientes. Incluirán el resto del artículo, que debe dividirse en secciones precedidas por breves encabe¬

zamientos. Siempre que sea posible, se recomienda seguir el siguiente esquema: Introducción, Material y

métodos. Resultados, Discusión, Conclusiones, Agradecimientos y Bibliografía. Si se emplean abreviaturas no

habituales en el texto, deberán indicarse tras el apartado de Material y Métodos.

• Las notas breves deberán presentarse de la misma forma, pero sin resumen.

• Deberán evitarse notas a pie de página y referencias cruzadas. Deberán respetarse estrictamente los Códigos

Internacionales de Nomenclatura Zoológica y Botánica (últimas ediciones). Cuando un taxón aparezca por

primera vez deberá citarse su autor y fecha de su descripción. En el caso de artículos sistemáticos, cuando se

den las sinonimias de los taxones, éstas deberán citarse COMPLETAS, incluyendo en forma abreviada la

publicación donde fueron descritas, y la localidad tipo si es conocida entre corchetes, según el siguiente

esquema (préstese especial cuidado a la puntuación):

Dendrodoris limbata (Cuvier, 1804)

Sinonimias

Doris limbata Cuvier, 1804, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. París, 4 (24): 468-469 [Localidad tipo: Marsella].

Doris nigricans Otto, 1823, Nov. Act. Ac. Caes. Leop.-Car., 10: 275.

Dichas referencias no deberán incluirse en la lista de Bibliografía si es la única vez que se nombran en el texto.

Si se incluyen una lista completa de referencias de un taxón inmediatamente tras éste, deberá seguirse el

mismo esquema (sin incluir en Bibliografía las referencias que no se mencionen en otro lugar del texto).

• Sólo los nombres en latín y los de taxones genéricos y específicos deberán llevar subrayado sencillo o prefe¬

rentemente ir en cursiva. En ningún caso deberá escribirse una palabra totalmente en letras mayúsculas, ni

siquiera el Título. Las unidades a utilizar deberán pertenecer al Sistema Métrico Decimal, junto con sus correc¬

tas abreviaturas. En artículos escritos en castellano, en los números decimales sepárese la parte entera de la

decimal por una coma inferior (,), NUNCA por un punto (.) o coma superior (')•

• Las referencias bibliográficas irán en el texto con minúsculas o versalitas: Fretter y Graham (1962) o Fretter

y Graham (1962). Si son más de dos autores se deberán citar todos la primera vez que aparecen en el texto

[Smith, Jones y Brown (1970)] empleándose et al. las siguientes veces [Srnith et al. (1970)]. Si un autor ha publi¬

cado más de un trabajo en un año se citarán con letras: (Davis 1989a; Davis 1989b). No deberá emplearse op.

cit. La lista de referencias deberá incluir todas las citas del texto y sólo éstas, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Se

citarán los nombres de todos los autores de cada referencia, sea cual sea su número. Los nombres de los

autores deberán escribirse, en letras minúsculas o Versalitas. No deberán incluirse referencias a autores

cuando éstos aparezcan en el texto exclusivamente como autoridades de un taxón. Los nombres de las publica-

ciones periódicas deberán aparecer COMPLETOS, no abreviados. Cuando se citen libros, dése el título, editor,

lugar de publicación, n° de edición si no es la primera y número total de páginas. Deberán evitarse referencias

a Tesis Doctorales u otros documentos inéditos de difícil consulta. Síganse los siguientes ejemplos (préstese

atención a la puntuación):

Fretter V. y Graham A. 1962. British Prosobranch Molluscs. Ray Society, London, 765 pp.

Ponder W.F. 1988. The T runcatelloidean (= Rissoacean) radiation - a preliminary phylogeny. En Ponder, W.F.

(Ed.): Prosobranch Phylogeny. Malacological Review, suppl. 4: 129-166.

Ros J. 1976. Catálogo provisional de los Opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) de las costas ibéricas. Mis¬

celánea Zoológica, 3 (5): 21-51.

• Las gráficas e ilustraciones deberán ser originales y presentarse preferentemente en formato electrónico al

formato de caja de la revista o proporcional a éste. Este formato es de 57 mm (una columna) o 121 mm (dos) de

anchura y hasta 196 mm de altura, si bien se recomienda utilizar el formato a dos columnas. Es importante que

todas las figuras sean remitidas en su formato original (por ejemplo, las fotografías en .jpg de alta calidad o .tif,

las gráficas en hojas de cálculo Excel o documentos de CorelDraw), puesto que las ilustraciones insertadas en

el manuscrito WORD son inservibles en la fase de imprenta. Las imágenes digitales deben ser formateadas en

su tamaño de impresión con una resolución mínima de 300 ppp para imágenes en color o escala de grises y de

600 ppp para las de blanco y negro. Considérese la reducción que será necesaria a la hora de decidir el tamaño

de las escalas o letras en las figuras, que no deberán bajar de los 2 mm. En figuras compuestas, cada parte

deberá etiquetarse con letras mayúsculas, el resto de las letras deberán ser minúsculas. Las escalas de dibujos y

fotografías deberán ser gráficas, utilizando unidades del sistema métrico decimal; no deberán hacerse referen¬

cias a los aumentos de una determinada ilustración, ya que éstos cambian con la reducción. En su caso, se

recomienda la utilización de mapas con proyección UTM. Cada figura, gráfica o ilustración deberá presentarse

en hojas separadas y con numeración arábiga (1, 2, 3,...), sin separar "Figuras" y "Láminas". Los pies de

figura, en una hoja aparte, deberán acompañarse de su traducción al inglés (o español si el inglés es la lengua

del trabajo). Utilícese el esquema siguiente:

Figura 1. Neodoris carvi. A: animal desplazándose; B: detalle de un rinóforo; C: branquia.

Las abreviaturas empleadas en las ilustraciones deberán incluirse en los pies de figura.

Los autores interesados en incluir láminas en color deberán consultar con el editor y sufragar el sobrecoste con

una contribución de 30 € por página. Por lo demás, deberán ajustarse a los mismos requisitos indicados para

las figuras.

Si se pretende enviar gráficas o ilustraciones en impresión de papel es imprescindible presentar originales de

buena calidad. Las imágenes en semitonos deben estar bien contrastadas y ajustarse al tamaño definitivo de

impresión; al componer fotografías sobre una hoja, procúrese que los espacios entre ellas sean regulares y que

estén debidamente alineadas. Téngase en cuenta que incluir fotografías de distinto contraste en una misma

página conlleva una pobre reproducción final. Las gráficas de ordenador deberán imprimirse con impresora

láser sobre papel de buena calidad.

• Las Tablas se presentarán en hojas separadas, siempre con numeración romana (I, II, III,...). Las leyendas se

incluirán en una hoja aparte acompañándose de una traducción al inglés. Deberán evitarse las tablas particu¬

larmente complejas. Se recomienda reducir el número y extensión de ilustraciones, láminas o tablas al mínimo

necesario.

• Los artículos que no se ajusten a las normas de publicación serán devueltos al autor con las indicaciones de

los cambios necesarios.

• El Comité Editorial comunicará al autor responsable del trabajo la fecha de recepción del trabajo y la fecha

de envío a revisión. Cada original recibido será sometido a revisión por al menos dos investigadores. El

Comité Editorial, a la vista de los informes de los revisores decidirá sobre la aceptación o no de cada manus¬

crito. El autor recibirá en cada caso copia de los comentarios de los revisores sobre su artículo. En caso de

aceptación, el mismo Comité Editorial, si lo considera conveniente, podrá solicitar a los autores otras modifica¬

ciones que considere oportunas. Si el trabajo es aceptado, el autor deberá enviar una copia impresa del mismo

corregida, acompañada por una versión en un CD, utilizando procesadores de texto en sus versiones corrien¬

tes de Windows (pero no el formato .docx generado por Word 2007, el habitual de Windows Vista) o Macin¬

tosh. La fecha de aceptación figurará en el artículo publicado.

• Las pruebas de imprenta serán enviadas por correo electrónico al autor responsable, exclusivamente para la

corrección de erratas, y deberán ser devueltas en un plazo máximo de una semana. Se recomienda prestar

especial atención en la corrección de las pruebas.

• De cada trabajo se entregarán gratuitamente 50 separatas, además de una versión electrónica en formato pdf.

Aquellos autores que deseen un número mayor, deberán hacerlo constar al devolver las pruebas de imprenta,

y nunca posteriormente. El coste de las separatas adicionales será cargado al autor. Los autores podrán hacer

uso de sus separatas en formato electrónico en una web personal o institucional, siempre que se trate de un

sitio sin ánimo de lucro.

INSTRUCTIONS TO AUTHORS

• Iberus publishes research papers, notes and monographs devoted to the various aspects of Malacology.

Papers are manuscripts of more than 5 typed pages, including figures and tables. Notes are shorter papers.

Monographs should exceed 50 pages of the final periódica!, and may be published as Supplemenfs. Authors

wishing to publish monographs should contact the Editor. Manuscripts are considered on the understanding

that their contents have not been published or simultaneously submitted for publication elsewhere.

• Manuscripts and correspondence regarding editorial matters must be sent to: Serge Gofas, Editor de Publica¬

ciones, Departamento de Biología Animal, Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos, s/n, 29071, Málaga,

Spain and/or to the e-mail <sgofas@uma.es>.

• Manuscripts may be written in Spanish, English, Italian, French or Portuguese.

• Manuscripts must be typed double spaced (including the references, figure captions and tables) on one side

on A-4 (297x210 mm) with margins of at least 3 cm. An original and two copies must be submitted, together

with a CD or e-mail remittance containing the article written with a current Windows or Macintosh word

processor. When a paper has joint authorship, one author must accept responsibility for all correspondence.

• The authors must inelude a list of at least 4 possible referees; the Editor can choose any others if appropriate.

• Papers should conform the following layout:

First page. This must inelude a concise but informative title, with mention of family of higher taxon when

appropriate, and its Spanish translation. It will be followed by all authors' ñames and surnames, their full

address(es), an abstract (and its Spanish translation) not exceeding 200 words which summarizes not only con¬

tents but results and conclusions.

Following pages. These should content the rest of the paper, divided into sections under short headings. When-

ever possible the text should be arranged as follows: Introduction, Material and methods, Results, Discussion,

Conclusions, Acknowledgements and References. Unusual abbreviations used in the text must be grouped in

one alphabetic sequence after the Material and methods section.

• Notes should follow the same layout, without the abstract.

• Footnotes and cross-references must be avoided. The International Codes of Zoological and Botanical

Nomenclature must be strictly followed. The first mention in the text of any taxon must be followed by its

authority including the year. In systematic papers, when synonyms of a taxon are given, they must be cited IN

FULL, including the periodical, in an abbreviate form, where they were described, and the type localities in

square brackeís when known. Follow this example (please note the punctuation):

Dendrodoris limbata (Cuvier, 1804)

Synonyms

Doris limbata Cuvier, 1804, Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. París, 4 (24): 468-469 [Type locality: Marseille].

Doris nigricans Otto, 1823, Nov. Act. Ac. Caes. Leop.-Car., 10: 275.

These references must not be included in the Bibliography list, except if referred to elsewhere in the text. If a

full list of references of the taxon is to be given immediately below it, the same layout should be followed (also

excluding from the Bibliography list those which are not cited elsewhere).

Only Latín words and ñames of genera and species should be underlined once or be given in italics. No word

must be written in UPPER CASE LETTERS. SI units are to be used, together with their appropriate symbols. In

Spanish manuscripts, decimal numbers must be separated with a comma (,), NEVER with a point (.) or upper

comma (').

• References in the text should be written in small letters or Small capitals: Fretter and Graham (1962) or

Fretter and Graham (1962). The first mention in the text of a paper with more than two authors must

inelude all of them [Smith, Jones and Brown (1970)], thereafter use et al. [Smith et al. (1970)]. If an author has

published more than one paper per year, refer to them with letters: (Davis 1989a; Davis 1989b). Avoid op. cit.

The references in the reference list should be in alphabetical order and inelude all the publications cited in the

text but only these. ALL the authors of a paper must be included. These should be written in small letters or

Small capitals. The references need not be cited when the author and date are given only as authority for a tax-

onomic ñame. Tifies of periodicals must be given IN FULL, not abbreviated. For books, give the title, ñame of

publisher, place of publication, indication of edition if not the first and total number of pages. Keep references

to doctoral theses or any other unpublished documents to an absolute minimum. See the following examples

(please note the punctuation):

Fretter V. and Graham A. 1962. British Prosobranch Molluscs. Ray Society, London, 765 pp.

Pender W.F. 1988. The Truncatelloidean (= Rissoacean) radiation - a preliminary phylogeny. In Ponder W.F.

(Ed.): Prosobranch Phylogeny. Malacological Review, suppl. 4: 129-166.

Ros J. 1976. Catálogo provisional de los Opistobranquios (Gastropoda: Euthyneura) de las costas ibéricas. Mis¬

celánea Zoológica, 3 (5): 21-51.

• Figures must be original and provided preferably in electronic format and adjusted to page format and

column size. These should be one column (57 mm) or two columns (121 mm) wide and up 196 mm high, or be

proportional to these sizes. Two columns format is recommended. It is essential that all figures be supplied in

their original format (e.g. photographs as high-grade .jpg or as .tif files, graphs as Excel spreadsheets or Corel-

Draw files), as the files inserted into WORD documents cannot be used for printing. Digital images must be

given their final printing size with a resolution at least 300 dpi for colour and halftones, and at least 600 dpi for

black/white.

Take into account possible reduction in lettering drawings; final lettering must be at least 2 mm high. In com-

posite drawings, each figure should be given a capital letter; additional lettering should be in lower-case

letters. A scale line, labelled with SI units, must be used to indicate size; magnification ratio must be avoided

as it may be changed during printing. UTM maps are to be used if necessary. Figures must be submitted on

sepárate sheets, and numbered with consecutive Arabic numbers (1, 2, 3,...), without separating 'Plates' and

'Figures'. Legends for Figures must be typed in numerical order on a sepárate sheet, and a Spanish translation

must be included. Follow this example (please note the punctuation):

Figure 1. Neodoris carvi. A: animal crawling; B: rhinophore; C: gills.

If abbreviations are to be used in illustrations, they should be included in the figure captions.

Authors wishing to publish illustrations in colour should consult with the editor and will be charged a contri-

bution of 30 € per page. They should otherwise follow the same standards as black and white prints.

If the authors want to send Figures in printed format, it is essential to supply good quality origináis. Half-tone

images must be of good contrast, and should be submitted in the final printing size. When mounting pho¬

tographs in a block, ensure spacers are of uniform width. Remember that grouping photographs of varied con¬

trast results in poor reproduction. Computer graphics must be printed on high quality white paper with a

láser printer.

• Tables must be numbered with Román numbers (I, II, III,...) and each typed on a sepárate sheet. Headings

should be typed on a sepárate sheet, together with their English translation. Complex tables should be

avoided. As a general rule, keep the number and extensión of illustrations and tables as reduced as possible.

• Manuscripts that do not conform to these instructions will be returned for correction before reviewing.

• Authors submitting manuscripts will receive an acknowledgement of receipt, including receipt date, and the

date the manuscript was sent for reviewing. Each manuscript will be critically evaluated by at least two refer¬

ees. Based of these evaluations, the Editorial Board will decide on acceptance or rejection. Anyway, authors

will receive a copy of the referees' comments. If a manuscript is accepted, the Editorial Board may indicate

additional changes if desirable. Acceptable manuscripts will be returned to the author for consideration of

comments and criticism; a finalized manuscript must then be returned to the Editor, together with a CD con-

taining the article written with current Windows (but not a .docx format generated by Word 2007, mainly used

under Windows Vista) or Macintosh word processor. Dates of reception and acceptance of the manuscript will

appear in all published articles.

• Proofs will be e-mailed to the author for correcting errors and must be returned corrected within one week.

At this stage no stylistic changes will be accepted. Pay special attention to references and their dates in the text

and the Bibliography section, and also to numbers of Figures and Tables appearing in the text.

• Fifty reprints per article and a pdf file will be supplied free of charge. Additional reprints must be ordered

when the page proofs are returned, and will be charged at cost. NO LATER orders will be accepted. Authors

may post a pdf file of their papers on a personal or institutional webpage, with the condition that it should be

a non-profit website.

1

.

La Sociedad Española de Malacología

Junta Directiva desde el 11 de julio de 2011

Presidente

Vicepresidente

Secretario

Tesorero

Editor de Publicaciones

Bibliotecario

Vocales

Jesús S. Troncoso

Gonzalo Giribet

Ramón Álvarez Halcón

Luis Murillo Guillen

Serge Gofas

Rafael Araujo Armero

José Templado González

Carmen Salas Casanova

Alberto Martínez Ortí

José Ramón Arrébola Burgos

Benjamín Gómez Moliner

La Sociedad Española de Malacología se fundó el 21 de agosto de 1980. La sociedad se registró como una aso¬

ciación sin ánimo de lucro en Madrid (Registro N° 4053) con unos estatutos que fueron aprobados el 12 de

diciembre de 1980. Esta sociedad se constituye con el fin de fomentar y difundir los estudios malacológicos

mediante reuniones y publicaciones. A esta sociedad puede pertenecer cualquier persona o institución interesada

en el estudio de los moluscos.

Sede SOCIAL: Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, d José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006 Madrid, España.

Cuotas para 2014:

DESDE ABRIL

INSCRIPCIÓN: 6 euros, además de la cuota correspondiente.

A los socios residentes en España se les aconseja domiciliar su cuota. Todos los abonos deberán enviarse al

Tesorero (dirección reseñada anteriormente) el 1 de enero de cada año. Los abonos se harán sin recargos para la

sociedad y en favor de la Sociedad Española de Malacología y no de ninguna persona de la junta directiva. Aque¬

llos socios que no abonen su cuota anual dejarán de recibir las publicaciones de la Sociedad. Los bonos de ins¬

cripción se enviarán junto con el abono de una cuota anual al Tesorero.

A los residentes en el extranjero se les ruega que abonen su cuota mediante giro postal en euros (internatio-

nal postal money orders in euros sent to the Treasurer). Members living in foreing countries can deduce 6 euros

if paid before 15 April.

Cada socio tiene derecho a recibir anualmente los números de Iberas, Reseñas Malacológicas y Noticiarios que

se publiquen.

SMITHSONIAN l IRRapifc

3 9088 02025 9602

Iberus

ÍNDICE

Suplemento 6

Rubio F. & ROLÁN E. The family Tornidae in the tropical Southwest Pacific: the genus Anticlimax

Pilsbry & McGinty, 1946 (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea) with the description of 42 new

species

La familia Tornidae en el Suroeste del Pacífico Tropical: el género Anticlimax Pilsbry & McGinty,

1946 (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea) con la descripción de 42 especies nuevas . 1-126

ISSN 0212-3010