he licens —-——— =

Cee eee

Ree.

List of Fascicles issued to 25th April, 1931 (continued) :—

Part IV. CoLEOpTERA.

Fase. 1. Carabide. By H. E. Andrewes. 9 text-figures. Dytiscide. By A. Date Issued.

Zimmermann. 2 text-fgures. Staphylinide. By M. Cameron, M.B. 2 text-

figures. Hydrophilide. By A.d’Orchymont. I text-fi nae Clavicornia and ;

Lamellicomia. By G.J. Arrow. 13 text-fisures. Pp. 1927, 4to. 3s. 19th December, 1927.

Fasc. 2. _Heteromera, Bostrychoidea, Malacodermata and a By K. G.

Blair, BSc. 14 text-figures. Elateride. By R. H. van Zwaluwenberg. 10

text-figures. Nese AP erah By E. Fleutiaux. tambycide. By

reeds ete ae es ae < ae pe e ene 4 eee

\4 i Karl Jor an, text- roterhinidze 4

RC tok DEER Enola DEG oe tk) Sih Eben: 198)

Fasc’ 3. Three UByi 1G oBlGr BSer sh iaee lid

"ByS Maw MA. [Stexchoures, (Po. 175-215 fe, Choma a a Feuer 18205

Fasc. 4. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. By C. F. C. Beeson, D.Sc. 13 text-

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d. 2nd June, 1929.

Fasc.5. Curculionidae. By Sir Guy Marshall, C M G., DSc.,F.RS. 31 text- Bra a

figures. Pp. 249-346. 1931, 4to. 5s. 25th April, 1931.

Part V. HyMENOPTERA.

ae R aye Species and Vespoidea. By R: C. L. bers 2 nee

. and _L. Evelyn Cheesman, F.ES., F.Z.S. 12 text-fi yee

Be ae X. Williams. 12 text-figures. Formicide. By ene

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 53. 25th February, 1928.

Part VI. Diptera.

Fasc. 1. Streblide and Nycteribiide. By L. Fal 7 text-figures. Hi

“‘Bescide By GF Feria, 6 texthgures. (Pp 1-01. 492/1 fran Os od ied etn ee

Fase. 2. aS By F. W. Edwards, M.A. Aue Se Cecidomyiine

By H. F. Barnes, B.A., Ph h.D. 4 text-figures. Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. 5s. 23rd June, 1928.

Fase. 3. Suaroninne: Tabanide and ae ie Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text-

figures. Larve o paponunide: PLA Bu M.A. 2 text-figures.

mh By C seb. 8 eG res. Sarcophagide, By .

Reva: , MLA. %3 i ae M By J. R. Mall ie

Po OLUS iotho Se ns ees :

Les, » Empididae ae ae By J. Collin. 7 text-figures. 4

Syrenids e. By F se TR 7 7 eae Bue rene ae Heteronearie)

text- F=f) iD t

and aorotnya! ae. By alloc ext-figures. Pp. 27th July, 1929. d

F 5. Ortalid B R. Malloch. 6 text-fi Calliphoridae. B

“J-R. Malloch. Pp. 215 JR Malo 6 tea heiecs | Calichetee Ot aa nee

Fasc. 6. Lonchaeidae, Chloropidae ana Piophilidae. By J. R. Malloch. 3

text-figures. Pp. 239-251. 1930, 4to. Is. 22nd November, 1930.

Part VII. Otwer Orpers or ee

nee ie Leopteras F; aru ten ae Ge rT Gil ae bo fae and

t t Lt-C F. a text- :

Betas. Wor die sete a ee: 28th May, 1927. 3 am

Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By a J. Tillyard, Sc.D. Hie tab.), See and PAG

Lestage. 2 text-figures honaptera. By P. A. Buxton, | Thysanoptera.

By Richard S. Bagnall PERSE ELS. Cuxthgnee Py 45-76, 18, ate

Fasc. 3. ler a 4: Waterston, He 2 text-figures. Anoplura. By

<i A. Buxton, Pause artin E. losely. A gure. ti

europtera. vp . Esben-Petersen. By gure an plates pterygota rh Nias

By Gere tL Mee Sc. 32 crt hieaee Pp.77-116. 1928, 4to. 2s. 6d. 28th July, 1928. ee

Part VIII. TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS. aoe

Fasc. 1. Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, DSc. 2 plates. Scor-

rd June) 1918: ae

pion ea. ae Bon ie Erg yee ayaa yee roa Hh

text~ le t text-' iar : ‘ :

aa ren carina, y Stanley Hirs ext-figures. Pp 23rd July, | 927.

Fasc. 2. Myriopoden (Myriopod By C. Att 4 text-figures. Araignées

Paved: By Di baien Benda) 79 text-heavea! Pp. 29-78 1929, 4to. : .6d. 22nd June, 1929.

Part IX. Summary AND INDEx.

F (Be) By t f the E: t. By P. A. Buxton, MRCS. 2

CHR cas Ge: Pp. S30, 4to. 2s. 6d. i 22nd November, 1930. e

Mpeey ere 's Wi Vandy

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

TE ROPOD!: .

PART v. HYMENOPTERA

FASC. 1. Pp. 1-58

-APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA

By R. C. L. PERKINS, D.Sc., F.R.S. and

_L. EVELYN CHEESMAN, F.ES., F.Z.S. :

LARRIDAE 2

By FRANCIS X. WILLIAMS

FORMICIDAE

By Dr. F. SANTSCHI

WITH 33 TEXT-FIGURES

| LONDON —

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM

SOLD AT

THE Britis Moussum (NatoraL History), CRomWwELL Be Ss. W. 7

AND BY

B. Quagrren, Lirp.; Dutav & Co., Lrv.; Tar Oxrorp University Press; ann

Wsrxtpox & Wrstxry, Lrp., Lonpon; anso By Oniver & Born, Epinsurce

1928

Issued 25th February, 1928.] | : [Price Five Shillings.

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

| ARTHROPODA _—

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be

expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification

due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence.

In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits

directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British

- Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by

Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific.

Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies

as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups

concemed in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy of

the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It is not ental that contributors to the text shall be nee to the

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the

leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained.

The work will be divided into She ‘Parts’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), ae

will be subdivided into “ Fascicles.’’ Each of the latter, which will appear as

ready in any order, will consist of one or more contributions. On the

completion of the work it is intended to issue a general survey, summarising

the whole and drawing from it such conclusions as may be warranted.

E. E. AUSTEN,

Keeper of Entomology.

British Museum (Natura History),

CroMWELL Roap, S.W.7.

Jr etn thie 5 By esa

[EN SHeinSs OF SAMOA

Part V. Fasc. 1

HYMENOPTERA

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA,* AND VESPOIDEA

By R. C. L. Prerxins, D.Sc., F.R.S.

AND L. EvELYN CHEESMAN, F.E.S., F.Z.S.

(With 12 Text-figures.)

Il. InrropuctoryY REMARKS.

THE bees and wasps of Samoa, as at present known, are few in number, so

that, excluding the hive bee but including some distinct races of species known

elsewhere, we are able to list below only thirteen forms of Apoidea, four of

Vespoidea, and nine of Sphecoidea. Of the latter the three species of Larridae

have been studied and the new species described by Dr. F. X. Williams of

Honolulu (p. 33 below). The pretty little bee that we have called Echthralictus

latro may prove to be identical with Cockerell’s previously and very briefly

described Halictus stevenson.

It is quite probable that a considerable number of the species listed do not

belong to the natural fauna of Samoa, but are accidental importations due to

human agency. As is well known, Lithurgus scabrosus, Pison hospes, P. iridi-

penms and P. argentatum, as well as Polistes macaensis, have all been brought

to the more isolated Hawaiian group since its occupation by white men, and

any of these, as well as some others not known in Hawai, may quite as easily

have been similarly imported into Samoa. With regard to Lithurgus bractipes

we cannot overlook the possibility of a mistaken locality, since it is not included

in the Buxton and Hopkins collection, nor was it found by the Hawaiian

* The Larridae are dealt with by Dr. F. X. Williams, pp. 33-39 below.

1

2 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

collectors, Swezey and Bryan, during their visits, in.spite of their great experience

of island collecting.

The calens race of Megachile diligens, found on Tutuila, occurs also in Fiji

and the Hllice Is., and superficially is very distinct from the typical Hawaiian

bee, but the race armstrongi of Upolu differs very little from the latter ; while

the race buatoni, of Manono, is closely allied to calens. M. scutellata wilmattae,

of Upolu, and M. scutellata tutuilae, of Tutuila, are distinguishable with ease

one from the other, and also from the typical scutellata of Tonga and Fiji, by

characters of pubescence, but owing to the identity of the extremely important

3 characters of the concealed 5th and 6th sternites and of the genital armature

itself, as well as of other more superficial structures, we prefer to consider the

Samoan forms as local races or subspecies of scutellata.

By far the most important part of the bee fauna is the series of half a

dozen species of Halictines, none of which is at present known to occur else-

where, though one (H. perpessicius Kohl) was supposed by its describer to be

found also in Fiji and is included by Turner in his Fijian list. Al the specimens

of Fijian Halictus that we have seen, however, are quite distinct from the

Samoan species.

Two of the Samoan species not only differ conspicuously one from the other

in important structures, but also present such remarkable characters, as com-

pared with other Halictines, that we have considered them to be parasitic on

the other species, though, of course, special observations should be made in

the field to confirm this. Whether similar and apparently parasitic forms of

Halctus are known in other countries is uncertain, but it is probable that such

exist in Australia, since one of us remembers having collected an anomalous

Halictine there, which may have been allied to Kohl’s H. extraordinarius.

Unfortunately only the g of this Australian bee was collected, and at the time

of writing it cannot be found for comparison.

In Hawaii some of the long series of species of endemic Hylaeid bees are

known to be parasitic in the nests of others, and have become modified in

structure accordingly, though, owing to the slight development of special

pollinigerous organs in this family, the modification is comparatively small.

The Samoan. Halictines, on the other hand, belong to a group that is beautifully

endowed with highly specialised arrangements for collecting pollen, and the

supposed parasitic species consequently present a great contrast to these.

They have, in fact, become modified to such an extent that we have made a

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 3

new genus for their reception. At present it is doubtful whether this genus,

Echthralictus, is endemic and derived from Samoan species of Halictus proper,

or whether at some future time it will not be found elsewhere, but the latter

view 1s more probably correct.

Judge P. Bliithgen, in his recent work on Indo-Malayan Halictus, has

characterised several allied groups with great care and detail, referring also

incidentally to some of the Australian species and to the Samoan H. perpessicvus.

How far these groups will prove separable when the very numerous Australian

species together with those of the Pacific Is. have been studied with the same

care and acumen, appears uncertain, but, considering the general resemblance

of Samoan species of Halictus to those of Fiji and Tonga, and the similarity

of these in many characters to the group of “ Halicti striaticipites,’ we think

that all may at present be best placed in that group. The armature of the

calcar of the hind tibiae of the 9, the bare dark stripes along the lower orbits,

the striation of the head behind the ocelli and at the sides behind the eyes, and

especially the specialised pollinigerous clothing of the abdominal sternites and

pleurites appear to us more important than differences in the shape of the head,

such differences being great in the case of the closely allied Samoan species

themselves. It is true these have not the distinct longitudinal striation of the

frons, but such sculpture is well seen in H. fijiensis and H. tonganus, which,

from their general structure and from the form of the 3 genitalia, appear to

be closely allied to the Samoan species. On account of their interest and

importance we have discussed these Halictines at some length, and it is probable

that they will prove of still greater interest when the Australian species have

been more thoroughly collected and more minutely studied.

Among the Fossorial Hymenoptera, Pison glabrum is apparently not yet

known elsewhere, but the other four species are more or less widely distributed

in the South Pacific, and some extend their range to Australia or even further.

They are easily introduced into new countries through man’s agency. The

single species of Psen (Mimesa) may be endemic; it lacks the highly specialised

characters of the Hawaiian forms. Of the Larridae, two species are described

as new by Dr. Williams (pp. 33 to 39 below), but Notogonidea retiaria is known

to occur in Fiji and Australia.

All the Vespidae are species of wide distribution in the Pacific Is., or are

even more widely distributed, and all are species which may easily have been

carried by man from one group to another. On the other hand, the single

4 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

species of Anoplius (Psammocharidae), though of conspicuous appearance, is

not known to have been met with in any other country.

It is clear that the Aculeate fauna of Samoa is in general of a similar nature

to that of Fiji; each contains a number of species either of wide distribution

in the Islands of the South Pacific or of still wider distribution, and a small—

one must say a disappointingly small—number of endemic forms. When one

thinks of the large number of remarkable endemic bees and wasps of Hawaii,

the fauna of Samoa and Fiji seems very poor indeed in these groups, but ants,

which, except as introductions by man, have hardly reached Hawaii, are more

richly represented. The ancestors of the present Hawaiian bees and wasps

must have reached that group at a period vastly earlier than that at which the

present Samoan and Fijian fauna of these insects originated. This is shown

not only by the number and variety of species that have been evolved in

Hawaii and adapted to fill many different stations and conditions, but also by

the peculiarity or high specialisation of many of the species.

Only in one respect do the faunas—so far as the bees and wasps are con-

cerned—of Hawaii and Samoa resemble one another, namely in the very small

number of types that have gained access to the islands, or at any rate that have

been able to establish themselves. Such types all belong to—or are modified

from—genera which are widely distributed over the world. Samoa and Fiji

both offer a considerable diversity of environment, and one might suppose that

under natural conditions they would after a great lapse of time become possessed

of a fauna of bees and wasps of the same general character as the Hawaiian ;

at present, however, only the very earliest stage has been reached.

II. DistrinutionaL List or SAMOAN BEES AND WASPS.

APOIDEA.

APIDAE.

lL. Apis mellifera L.

Samoa: Upolu, Tutuila.

MEGACHILIDAE.

2a. Megachile diligens Sm., sub-sp. armstrongi, nov.

Samoa: Upolu.

2B. M. diligens Sm., sub-sp. calens Cock.

Samoa: Tutuila; Fiji; Ellice Is.

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 5

2c. M. diligens Sm., sub-sp. buxtonz, nov.

Samoa: Manono.

3A. M. scutellata Sm., sub-sp. wilmattae Cock.

Samoa: Upolu.

3B. M. scutellata Sm., sub-sp. tutwilae, nov.

Samoa: Tutuila.

The typical form of M. scutellata is found in Fiji and Tonga.

4. Inthurgus scabrosus Sx.

Samoa, Fiji, Rarotonga, Marquesas Is., Society Is., New Hebrides, Hawaiian

Is. (introduced about 30 years ago), Tonkin.

5. L. bractipes, sp. nov.

Samoa.

ANDRENIDAE.

6. Halactus perpessicius Kohl.

Samoa: Upolu, Savai, Tutuila.

7. H. upoluensis, sp. nov.

Samoa: Upolu.

(Var. savaviensis, nov. and var. tutuilae, nov. on Savaii and Tutuila.)

8. H. samoae, sp. nov.

Samoa: Upolu.

9. (2) H. stevensoni Cock.

Samoa: Upolu.

[H. tonganus, sp. nov., of Tonga, and the Fijian H. fiyrensis and H. versi-

frons, spp. nov., are more or less closely allied to the Samoan species. |

10. Echthralictus latro, sp. nov.

Samoa: Upolu, Savaii.

11. E. extraordinarwus Kohl.

Samoa: Upolu.

SPHECOIDEA.

LARRIDAE.*

Notogonidea retiaria Turner.

Samoa: Upolu and Tutuila; Fiji; Australia.

Notogonidea samoensis Williams.

Samoa: Upolu, Tutuila, Savaii.

* See Williams’ paper, pp. 33-39 below.

6 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Inris samoensis Williams.

Samoa: Upolu, Tutuila.

TRYPOXYLONIDAE.

12. Puson glabrum Kohl.

Samoa: Upolu and Savaii.

13. P. tahitense Sauss.

Samoa: Upolu, Tutuila, Savan; Fiji; Ellice Is.; Marquesas Is. ;

Society Is.

14. P. hospes, Sm.

Samoa: Upolu, Tutuila; Ellice Is.; Fiji; Tonga; Marquesas Is. ;

Hawaiian Is.; Keeling ; Singapore.

15. P. argentatum Sh., sub-sp. gnavum Turn.

Samoa; Fiji; Australia.

16. P. uridipennis Sm.

Samoa: Upolu, Tutuila; Fiji; Society Is.; Bolabola; Tuamotu Arch. ;

Marquesas Is. ; Hawaiian Is. ; Australia.

MIMESIDAE.

17. Psen bryant, sp. nov.

Samoa: Savaii, Tutuila.

VESPOIDEA.

VESPIDAE.

18. Polistes macaénsis Fab.

Samoa; Fiji; Marquesas Is.; Society Is.; Hervey Is.; Rarotonga ;

Is. (troduced 40-50 years ago) ; Seychelles; Baghdad ; China.

19. Odynerus (Rhynchium) rufipes ¥F.

Samoa ; Fiji; Ellice Is. ; Society Is. ; Tonga; Marquesas Is. ; Loo Choo Is.

20. Odynerus (Leionotus) bicinctus F.

Samoa; Ellice Is.; Marquesas Is. ; Society Is.; Rarotonga.

POMPILIDAE.

21. Anoplius spirohirtus, sp. nov.

Samoa: Savaii.

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 7

Ill. Systematic Part.

APOIDEA.

APIDAE.

1. Apis mellifera L.

A series from Upolu and Tutuila, collected at various dates from 1922.

MEGACHILIDAE.

Megachile.

There are two distinct—but not endemic—species of Megachile on the

Samoan Is.; each of these on different islands of that group (as well as on

other groups of islands) has become divided up into distinct sub-species. We

treat as sub-species all forms which, so far as we can see, present no important

differences one from the other in external structures, and appear to be identical

in the remarkable characters exhibited by the hidden abdominal sternites of

segments 5-8 of the 3, as well as in the genital armature of this sex, but which

differ constantly in characters afforded by the colour of the pubescence, etc.

2. Megachile diligens Sm. (Text-fig. 1, A and B.)

Megachile diligens Sm. is represented by three distinct sub-species, arn-

strongt, sub-sp. n. on Upolu, calens Ck. on Tutuila, and buxtonz, sub-sp. n. on

Monono. In armstrong: and calens, the extremely peculiar hidden apical sternites

of the § genitalia (Text-fig. 1, A) entirely agree with typical deligens Sm. from

the Hawaiian Is.

2a. Megachile diligens Sm., sub-sp. armstrongi, nov.

Differs from the typical form in the colour of the general covering of the

4th and 5th tergite in both sexes, which consists of very short dark hairs in

the Samoan species, and of rather longer, clear yellow hairs in that of Hawaii.

Upolu: Vailuietai, 4 3g, 19, 2.111.1923 (J. S. Armstrong); 2 99, 4.vi.1924

(Buxton and Hopkins).

8 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

2B. Megachile diligens Sm., sub-sp. calens Ckll.

Cockerell, Ann. Iraq. Nat. Hist., xiv, p. 464, 1914 (MZ. calens CkIl., syn. M. vavauensis CkIL.,

Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 17, p. 393, 1924).

This is a darker race of M. dilagens, with dark hairs distributed generally

among the clothing. It is thought advisable to supplement Cockerell’s descrip-

tion of M. calens with the follow-

ing characters, in which this sub-

species differs from the typical

form.

Q. Hair of the face deep cream

mixed with black; sparse on the

disc of the clypeus. Legs dark

brown.

6. Hair on the disc of the

mesonotum and scutellum black.

5th tergite covered with short,

decumbent, and long sub-erect

red-orange hair, except for a

broad triangular fascia of black

hair in the centre. 6th tergite

covered with red-orange decum-

bent and sub-erect red-orange

hair, except for the fovea and

the apical margin. Apical angles

shghtly more produced than in

M. dilagens Sm.

Tutuila, 1 3, 10.1.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder).

2c. Megachile diligens Smm.,

sub-sp. buxtoni, sub-sp. n.

Texr-Fie. 1.—Genitalia of Megachile, spp. 3. Closely allied to sub-sp. calens,

M. diligens Sm. M. scutellata Sm. but differing in the following

A, dorsal view. C, dorsal view. eee ;

B, profile (stipes). D, profile (stipes). characters :

6. Hair band of 4th tergite

entire. 5th tergite covered with short, decumbent, and long, sub-erect red-orange

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 9

hair, except for a narrow longitudinal median line of decumbent black hair with

a few sub-erect dusky-brown hairs (not clearly yellow as in M. diligens Sm.).

Manono, 1 3, 10.vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

34. Megachile scutellata Sm., sub-sp. wilmattae Cock. (Text-fig. 1, C and D.)

Cockerell, Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 17, p. 392, 1924 (Samoa: Apia).

To Cockerell’s description of this sub-species it appears advisable to add

the following characters and emendations :

Hair of the face pale yellow, that on the vertex and disc of the mesonotum

and of the scutellum black; under side of the head, as also mesopleurae and

coxae, clothed with pale cream hair, which also forms tufts on the pronotum

and in the metathoracic-scutellar suture. Abdominal hair-bands entire but of

fine hair, much less dense in the centre, and widening into wedge-shaped fasciae

at the sides, bright yellow-orange.

§. Scattered hairs on the 4th tergite; dense, decumbent hair on the 5th

tergite, and sparse decumbent hair on the 6th tergite yellow-orange, mixed with

erect black hair on the 6th tergite. Apex of the 6th tergite more narrowed

than in M. scutellata.

In the ¢ armature like MW. scutellata, but differing in the colour of the clothing,

and in the abdominal hair bands, which are more dilated at the sides of the segments.

Upolu, 3 gg, 1 9, 9.vu., 1.x.1923 (Armstrong); 5 gg, 2 99, i1.—x1.1924

(Buxton and Hopkins) ; 1 3, 19, 3.1x.1917 (Swale, Coll. B.M.).

3B. Megachile scutellata Sm., sub-sp. tutuilae, nov.

In the J armature like M. scutellata, but differimg in the following characters :

2 Punctuation of the disc of the clypeus rather coarser and more irregular,

that of the mesonotum and scutellum coarser and sparser. Hair of the face

creamy white as in M. scutellata, but with no black hair mixed with it on the

lower part of the face. Abdominal hair bands bright orange, interrupted in

the middle. No band on the Ist tergite ; wedge-shaped fasciae at the sides of

the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th tergites ; scopa orange, with black hair on the two apical

sternites. Sparse short black hair on the discs of all the tergites.

g as in 2; 6th tergite without any orange hair but covered with sparse

black hair; apical margin narrowed, lateral angles wide and not produced.

Very short sub-erect black hair on all the tergites.

Tutuila, 8 jg, 3 22, 9, 23.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ; 1 gy, 19, 14.x11.1925.

10 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

4. Lithurgus scabrosus Sm.

Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. Zool., iii, p. 134, 1858, No. 2, 9 (Aru Is.) (Syn. L. albofimbriatus,

Sichel, Reise Novara Zool., ii, pt. 1, p. 154, 1867 (Tahiti).

Type in Saunders Coll., the Hope Museum, Oxford. We have compared

this with specimens from Samoa; it also agrees with specimens from Fiji,

Rarotonga, Society Is., Marquesas Is., and Honolulu. In 1908 Kohl (Denk.

K. Akad. Wiss. Wien., Math-Naturw. Kl., Bd. 81, p- 308) compared specimens

from Samoa with Sichel’s type, which is in the Hof Museum, Vienna.

Upolu, 1 9, 1913 (Doane); 6 99, i.—xii.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); 8 99,

V., Vi., X.1924 (Armstrong) ; Tutuila, Pago Pago, 1 9, 4.xi.1925.

5. Lithurgus bractipes, sp. n. (Text-fig. 2, A.)

3. Hair of the face grey, on the apical margin of the clypeus brown, on

the vertex fuscous brown. Frons coarsely reticulate punctate; clypeal

Zs ww’5ss--:

ee RSS SN © ee

Text-Fie. 2.—A, Posterior tarsus of Lithurgus (Megachile) bractipes Perkins and

Cheesman, sp. n.; B, Posterior tarsus of L. (M.) atratiformis Sm.

prominence with a median carina running back from the centre between the

antennae, but not reaching the fore ocellus. Mandibles black, shining, tri-

dentate. Vertex shining, with coarse, rather dense punctures.

Disc of mesonotum and scutellum with short, black hair ; mesopleurae

covered with long, grey hair. The mesonotum obscurely transversely rugose,

with indistinct ridges—-not scabrous. Scutellum with a median impression ;

dorsal area of median segment with a very slight impression in the centre.

Abdominal tergites covered with extremely short, decumbent, black hair,

longer at the sides, with narrow fasciae of sparse grey hair at the lateral angles ;

5th and 6th tergites covered with long black hair, with a fringe of short grey

hair on the apical margins. Scopa-like hair on the ventral side black.

Legs dark brown, tarsi with golden-brown pilosity on the apex of each

segment. Ist pair of claws long, black at the apex. Hind tibiae stout and very

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. ll

long, slightly curved, upper side rugose. Basal segment of the tarsus flattened

on the inner side, and produced at the apex into a sheath-like plate, squarer in

form than that of L. atratiformis Sm., which it closely resembles (Text-fig. 2).

One ¢ (B.M.) from Samoa, 1875 (Rev. 8S. J. Whitmee). Allied to L. atrata-

jformis Sm., but differing in the form of the median segment, scutellum, and

tarsal sheath, also in the length of the hind tibiae, and the colour of the pilosity.

Key To MEGACHILINE BEES OF SAMOA.

A. Head and mesonotum dull, with shallow, fine, and dense punctures.

Scutellum normal. ¢ front tarsi sub-dilated, 2nd segment scarcely longer than

wide. Front coxae with large prominent spine or process. Venter normal in

clothing. Stipites of genitalia terminating in three processes, of which two only

are visible in dorsal aspect (Text-fig.1, A,B). 9 6th tergite fairly evenly clothed

with sub-decumbent hair. 2nd sternite normal.

Group of diligens Sm.

3. 4th tergite clothed with abundant, golden, sub-erect hairs; 5th tergite

very densely clothed with decumbent, tomentose hairs as far as basal articu-

lation. @ abdominal fasciae entire and well developed.

diligens Sm. (Hawaii).

a. Dark short hair on general surface of 4th tergite in g, and on the

4th and dth tergites in 9.

diligens Sm., sub-sp. armstrongt.

b. g. 4th tergite clothed with dark hair except for apical fascia, which is

sometimes interrupted ; black hairs scattered among rest of clothing give whole

insect a darker appearance. 9Q fasciae indistinct ; dorsal bands represented by

sparse, short hairs.

diligens, sub-sp. calens Ckll.

c. g. Apical red-orange fasciae of 4th tergite entire, 5th tergite almost

completely clothed with tomentum, only a very narrow median area dark ;

erect hairs pale coloured.

diligens, sub-sp. buaxtoni, sub-sp. n.

B. Head and mesonotum shining, remotely punctured. Scutellum conical.

6 front tarsi slender; 2nd segment longer than wide. Front coxae with at

most a slight tubercle. Venter with very dense, scopa-like clothing on

12 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

3rd, 4th, and apex of 2nd segments except in centre. 2nd segment very

strongly convexly raised. Stipites simple at apex (Text-fig. 1, C, D). 2 6th

tergite without clothing of hair, at most with sparse hair basally or at sides.

2nd ventral segment very strongly raised from base, forming a rounded median

tubercle.

Group of Scutellata Sm.

a. § dorsal fasciae dirty white, sparse laterally and interrupted. 6th

tergite very densely covered to apical margin with decumbent red-orange hair,

mixed with a few erect, black hairs. @ dorsal fasciae narrow, entire, slightly

wider laterally. Scopa red-orange, on the two apical segments black.

scutellata Sm.

b. 3 tergites with very definite wedge-shaped lateral spots of red-orange

hair on apical margins, not forming complete fasciae. 6th tergite covered with

long, dark hair basally. Q scopa red-orange ; wedge-shaped lateral spots very

definite, cilia connecting them along apical margins very short and sparse,

scarcely close enough to form definite fasciae.

scutellata Sim., sub-sp. tutwilae, sub-sp. n.

c. Wedge-shaped lateral spots of tergites yellow, continuing on apical

margin to form complete fasciae. d 5th tergite entirely covered with long,

sub-erect yellow hair. 6th tergite with yellow hair at base, sparse, and mixed

with erect black hairs. Q scopa yellow, black on apical segment.

scutellata, sub-sp. wilmattae Ckll.

ANDRENIDAE (HALICTINAE).

All the Samoan Halictines are to a large extent metallic, and all have the

following characters. The front of the head under a strong lens appears

minutely granulated ; under a compound microscope the sculpture is seen to

be reticulated, and the punctures are for the most part sparse and feebly

impressed, sometimes hardly visible amongst the rugulose reticulation of the

surface. There is no distinct longitudinal striation of the face, such as can be

seen with a strong lens in many Australian, Fijian, and Australasian species.

Seen from above, the head is narrowed behind the eyes, and a transverse

striation is always evident, and is continued on the sides of the head behind the

eyes, where it is longitudinal in direction.

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 13

The pronotal lateral angles are always distinct, often prominent or very

conspicuously produced. The mesonotum has a microscopic reticulation, and

the punctures are very fine and sometimes, especially in some g, hardly evident

amongst the surface sculpture, even under a strong lens. The anterior area of

the propodeum is never defined by a raised margin, and is always conspicuously

though not coarsely rugose; the wrinkles are often mainly longitudinal, more

or less obliquely so on either side of a straight median one; frequently there

is a certain or even a considerable amount of reticulation, and on the apical

portion of the area there is sometimes notable transverse rugosity, which

more rarely occupies a large part of the middle of the area also. In H. per-

pessicius, of which we have examined very large numbers, we have observed

great variation in the sculpture of this area, but of other species the available

material is too limited to afford any satisfactory information on this matter.

The lateral areas are likewise undefined by any raised margin, and have a fine

microscopic sculpture and sometimes also a distinct fine striation; it may be

that the fine ends of the longitudinal wrinkles of the anterior area are continued

on to them. The posterior area is almost smooth, except for microscopic

sculpture, and its lateral margins are either defined by a raised line at their

lower end only, or else this extends up as far as the hind end of the lateral

area. The sculpture of the abdomen consists of extremely fine, close, regularly

transverse rugulosity or striation, over practically the whole dorsal surface, and

can be quite readily seen under a very strong lens. The apical impressions of

the tergites are quite definite, and are without any punctures, though feeble,

ill-defined ones are visible at any rate on the third and following segments in the

2, and on some at least of the more apical ones of the 3, except on the impress-

ions themselves. In the 3, the bases of the 2nd and 3rd tergites are more or less

impressed transversely, and the apical and lateral edges of the 7th are sharp or

carinate, forming a wide sort of “ pygidial area.” The single calcar of the

hind tibiae in this sex also bears distinct outstanding teeth, as does that of

the 9. The number of teeth on the spur is normally four, and these decrease

in length from the basal to the apical one, but specimens with the teeth aberrant

in number and form occur, as in some species found in other countries.

The species possessing the above characters represent two quite distinct

eroups. One of these consists of H. perpessicvus Kohl and its allies, which

are very sumilar to some of the Australian, Fijian, and other island species,

although the latter evidently have striated faces. The other is represented by

14 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

H. extraordinarius Kohl, and another very different species, which are better

separated from the genus, since they are probably parasitic in the nests of

the others. They are at least as different from Halictus proper as is Psithyrus

from Bombus. Since they are very probably derived from the group to which

H. perpessicius belongs, as is evidenced by the large number of characters (given

above) common to all the Samoan species, these presumably parasitic species

may be best characterised by comparison with the others.

Halictus perpessicius group (9).

Head not very wide and incrassate, the temples not large. Mandibles

ordinary ; labrum with the appendage so compressed as to be narrow or sub-

spiniform. Clypeus ordinary in form, more or less strongly punctate on the

apical portion, which is quite different in colour from the basal. Glabrous

dark spaces along the lower orbits very distinct and conspicuous, reaching to,

or almost to, the line of the antennae, and overhung by fringe of hairs. Front

tarsi normal, the intermediate joints having on their dorsal surface the usual

fringe of long and specially curved hairs on either side. Hind femora with the

usual Halictine pollen basket of lone and beautifully plumose hairs. Ventral

scopa of extremely long plumose hairs on abdominal sternites 1-4, still denser

on the pleurites of these segments. Fifth tergite with sculptured rima, well

fringed with appressed hairs (Text-fig. 3).

Echthralictus, gen. nov. 9.

Head very wide, the face strongly transverse (Text-fig. 5), temples large.

Clypeus very wide, flattened or impressed over most of its surface ; mandzbles *

either long and simply pointed, but very strongly bent or subgeniculate, or with a

long dilatation on the inner edge forming a very wide and rounded tooth or lobe

occupying the middle part of this edge. The two well separated labral tubercles

shining and very prominent, the appendix of the labrum large and triangular, not

greatly convpressed or spine-like, but somewhat reminiscent of this part in some

species of Sphecodes, though more pointed at the apex. Glabrous spaces along

the lower orbits not or hardly present. Front tarsi without the normal, curved,

sweeping hairs, these being straightish and setose on either side of the intermediate

* The italicised characters are those of importance in relation to Halictus as a whole, not

merely to the H. perpessicius group.

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 15

joints (Text-fig. 6). The hairs on the hind trochanter and base of femur moderately

long, but not fornung a floccus (Text-fig. 7); no pollen basket developed on the

hind leg. Abdominal sternites with very sparse long hairs beneath, which are

not of the beautifully plumose structure-of those forming the ventral scopa in

the former group. Hind tibiae viewed from the side with the fringe along the

upper margin much less dense, and the havrs more setose or subspinose, not with

conspicuous lateral branches (or plumose) under a lens as in H. perpessicius and

its allies. Fifth tergite distinctly angulate in the middle of its apical margin,

the rima smooth, only with exceedingly fine reticulation under high powers of

the microscope, carinated down the middle, where the surface is unsculptured

and glabrous even under the strongest lens (Text-fig. 8).

Genotype: H. extraordinarius Kohl.

Since the § of HL. extraordinarius is not known to us, we can only mention

the peculiar characters of H. latro, as compared with the H. perpessicius group.

Compared with this, Hchthralictus has a much broader face, with wider

supraclypeal plate, and clothed with shorter, sparser pubescence, as also is

the thorax, even the mesopleura and sternum being, comparatively speaking,

inconspicuously clothed. The lateral pronotal angles are more prominent and

very conspicuous ; the propodeum viewed from in frent is remarkably long,

with very clear longitudinal wrinkles, and, except for the minute surface

sculpture, is widely smooth for a considerable space before the brow. The

abdominal sternites have a very short pubescence compared with the con-

spicuous hairs of H. perpessicius, as is easily seen in lateral aspect. The legs

also are very different in their clothing, for, if the femora be viewed laterally,

in the species just named and its allies, these bear a long hair fringe on the

lower side, but in Hchthralictus the fringe consists of extremely short hairs

(Text-fig. 9).

6. Halictus perpessicius Kohl. (Text-figs. 3, 6 B, 7 B, 9 B.)

Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., 81, p. 307, 1908.

As Kohl has pointed out, the 3 differs considerably from the ° in the shape

of head, the eyes being much more convergent beneath. In general the sculpture

is similar, but in many males the mesonotal punctures are much less distinct.

In this sex not only the coxae and trochanters, but also the femora, at least on

the hind legs, may be almost entirely dark and metallic as an extreme variation.

16 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

The females from Tutuila examined by us have the abdomen of a much more

blue-green or bluish metallic colour than the more brassy-coloured examples

from Upolu, and the abdomen and propodeum are sometimes altogether blue.

The legs in the Upolu females as a rule have at most the coxae more or less

dark and metallic, but in Tutuila examples the trochanters also are often metallic

and dark coloured. There is much variation in the sculpture of the anterior

area of the propodeum, the wrinkles being sometimes simply longitudinal and

oblique on either side of the median raised line,

and often more or less largely transverse on the

apical portion; but sometimes a large part in

the middle is conspicuously reticulate. As in the

allied species, the upper part of the mesopleura

bears a fine longitudinal rugulosity or striation,

easily seen with a strong lens when viewed in

a favourable position, while beneath this the

ie Wyn NY

ae Uh

Text-Fic. 3.—Fifth tergite of

Halictus perpessicius Kohl, 3.

similar sculpture is transverse and continues on to the mesosternum.

About 100 examples of this species have been examined, only about one-

fifth of which are females.

Tutuila, Upolu, and Savaii Is. (but only males from the latter seen). It

appears to be generally distributed, the specimens examined being four or five

times as many as those of all the other Halictine species together.

7. Halictus upoluensis, sp. n.

This species is so similar in its general characters to H. perpessicius and

H. samoae, that a detailed description is hardly necessary. The material

collected is quite insufficient for a proper understanding of the variation, which

would appear to be possibly of a very interesting character. The new species

is distinctly smaller than its allies, the 2 being about 6 mm. long.

From H. samoae it is at once separated by the entirely different (broad)

shape of the face, but some of the few examples seen approach very near to

H. perpessicius in this respect, while others have the face broader and the supra-

clypeal plate evidently shorter in comparison with the length. The surface

sculpture of the mesonotum and scutellum is very dense, and the surface

uniformly dull, while in H. perpessicius, usually at least, some part of the

scutellum appears distinctly less dull or even quite shining. The femora of

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 17

all the legs are, except at the tips, dark and metallic, not clear rufotestaceous

as in the larger species. Four of the females examined by us are from Malo-

lolelei, Upolu, and in these specimens the tergites are sub-metallic black, but the

4th tergite is conspicuously more metallic than the others. Except for some

apparent difference in the width of the face, the specimens are very similar and

this may be looked on as the typical form, differing greatly in the abdominal

colour from H. perpessicius. A single 2 from Salailua, Savai, has the abdomen

still less metallic and the mesonotum of a fine blue (not green) colour, while the

tibiae and tarsi are mostly dark brown (not clear rufotestaceous). This may be

called var. savaiiensis, var. n. A single specimen from Pago Pago, Tutuila,

resembles the type in the colour of the legs and thorax, but the tergites are

brilliantly metallic (brassy), as in H. perpessicius, wherein they resemble examples

of the latter from Upolu rather than the Tutuila specimens, in which the

abdomen is or tends to be blue in colour. The supraclypeal plate in this

specimen is distinctly wider than in H. perpessicius, but not more so than in

some typical individuals of H. wpoluensis, in which there is evidently noticeable

variation. This form may be called var. tutuilae, var. n.

Except for a mutilated and doubtful example from Savau, there are only

two specimens of the ¢, both from Upolu, and these differ from the other sex

in the same manner as do gf and 9 of H. perpessicius one from the other, so that

probably H. upoluensis will be found to vary as greatly as the other species.

From this the colour of the hind tibiae (which sometimes, with the exception

of the tips, are entirely darkened, or at least are infuscated above, as also are

the hind tarsi), the smaller size, and generally the duller scutellum, will easily

separate these two males. The ¢ genital armature is very similar, but the

lacinia is shorter and wider than in H. perpessicius, though of the same simple

form.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft., 1, m1, iv, 1 gf, 3 2 (Buxton and Hopkins),

i, 1 2 (Armstrong); Vailima, vi, 1 gj (Buxton and Hopkins). Tutuila: Pago

Pago, xi, 1 2 (Buxton and Hopkins). Savaii: Fagamalo, vi, 1 g, much

mutilated (Buxton and Hopkins); Salailua, v, 1 9 (Bryan). All the specimens

were captured singly.

8. Halictus samoae, sp. n. (Text-fig. 4.)

©. Head dark bluish-green inclining to black, clypeus and the plate above

it more brassy; mesonotum and scutellum green, sometimes suffused with

We ile 2

18 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

reddish, propodeum dark blue. Abdomen with distinct green metallic lustre,

but not so strongly metallic as that of H. perpessicius. Coxae and femora

dark and metallic, tips of latter more or less red or yellowish, rest of legs paler,

tibiae and tarsi more or less brown, front tibiae, and sometimes the middle

ones, pale anteriorly. In specimens with the abdomen or other parts more or

less brown or pallid (from fixed immaturity *) the legs are altogether paler than

in dark-bodied examples. Antennae dark brown or blackish-fuscous.

Face narrow and very long (Text-fig. 4), thinly clothed with pale, yellowish

hairs, the length from the front margin of the anterior ocellus to the apical

margin of the clypeus being greater than the width across the eyes. Clypeus

dark and shining on the apical part, elsewhere the

microscopic surface sculpture is dense and evident,

and there are rather numerous, but not at all dense,

punctures; the supraclypeal plate is long and very

sparsely and minutely punctured, the punctures much

finer than those on the clypeus. As in H. perpessicius,

the whole face has a dense reticulate sculpture under

the microscope (appearing granulate under a strong

simple lens), and the surface is consequently dull ;

icin {.—Head of the sculpture is densest over the middle of the face,

alictus samoae Perkins : ; 5 :

and Cheesman, sp.n.,9. between the ocelli and the line of insertion of the

antennae, where there are more or less numerous,

very feebly impressed punctures; between the sides of the supraclypeal

plate and the dark glabrous areas, and along the inner orbits, similar

feeble punctures can easily be seen, but are very sparse; on the vertex the

transverse striation is very distinct, as also is that on the sides of the head

behind the eyes. Pronotum with the lateral angles prominent and distinct,

the mesonotum with short erect hairs, less conspicuous than those on the pleura,

the whole surface with microscopic reticulate sculpture, dull or hardly at all

shining, densely, evenly and shallowly punctured ; scutellum distinctly shining,

and. distinctly but irregularly punctured, the punctures all fine but of different

sizes, the smaller extremely fine and more numerous than the others. Anterior

area of the propodeum long, longer than the scutellum or subequal to this and

the postscutellum ; viewed from in front, the longitudinal wrinkles (which are

* Jn the tropics, in the case of certain species of bees, individuals often preserve through-

out life the appearance characteristic of immature examples.

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 19

not coarse) extend back to the brow; the rugosity is also to a large extent

reticulated ; the lateral areas are finely striated or rugulose, and have no raised

margins ; the posterior face is clothed with some erect plumose hairs, and also

some appressed and minute pubescence, and has only microscopic surface

sculpture ; the mesopleurae are closely and very finely, transversely rugulose

or striated, and this sculpture is continued on to the mesosternum.

Wings hyaline, slightly brownish tinged, clearer in subimmature examples ;

stigma and much of the neuration dark brown or nearly black. Viewed from

the side, the fringe above the tibiae and first tarsal segments consists of dark or

sordid hairs ; on the imner side of these parts on the hind legs, the hairs are golden.

Abdomen black and submetallic with the tergites apically sometimes reddish,

or with the basal segments, as also more or less of the propodeum, yellowish-

brown, as if from immaturity; it is quite shining in spite of the surface sculp-

ture, which consists everywhere of a very fine transverse rugulosity or striation,

distinctly visible under a strong lens; the basal tergite is impunctate, the

second sometimes with some indication of obsolete punctures; on the third,

and still more on the fourth tergite, ill-defined piliferous punctures are evident ;

the apical impressions are all very distinct, with definite transverse striation,

but without punctures. Viewed from above, the abdominal pubescence is

hardly noticeable except towards the sides and about the apex, while the hairs

around the ryma are pale greyish-brown or yellowish. The extremely long

plumose hairs of the ventral scopa on the first to fourth sternites are of a dull

yellow or ochraceous colour, similar to that of the dense scopal hairs developed

on the pleurites. Length, 2, about 7 mm.

Upolu: Malololelei, 1 9, 24.11.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins) ; 1 9, 24.vi.1924

(Armstrong); 1 9, vu.1925 (Wilder). All three examples had suffered in

manipulation, and from breakage, etc., but after cleaning and repairing are

fairly satisfactory as specimens. The individual collected by Armstrong, which

is darkest in colour, and less immature in appearance, has been selected as the

type.

9. (2) Halictus stevensoni Cockerell.

Ann. Ent. Soc. Amer., 17, p. 394, 1924.

Whether this insect belongs to the perpessicius group or to Echthralictus

cannot be determined, since the original description makes no mention of the

vestiture of either head, thorax, abdominal sternites or legs, nor even of the

20 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

puncturation of the mesonotum and scutellum. In colour it must greatly

resemble H. latvo, and we fear that possibly the latter name may have to be

treated as a synonym; yet since the clypeus is said to be “ highly polished

without evident punctures,” while in £. latro this part, as seen under a rather

strong lens, is quite distinctly sculptured, and likewise has sparse but quite

evident punctures, one would hardly be justified in considering the two to

belong to the same species.

Upolu: Apia. We know this species only from Prof. Cockerell’s very

brief description.

Halictus tonganus, sp. n.

Aeneous, the abdomen more nearly black, much less metallic than the thorax,

but becoming more so towards the apex, so that the 5th tergite, excepting its

apical impression, is much more distinctly brassy than the basal ones. Antennae

with the flagellum rufescent beneath ; legs aeneous black, apices of femora, the

tibiae and tarsi rufotestaceous. Wings clear hyaline, costa and subcosta nearly

black, stigma dark brown.

Face wider than in H. perpessicius ; when viewed from in front it is nearly

circular, being just about as broad across the eyes as long, and distinctly wider

than the length from the front margin of the anterior ocellus to the apical margin

of the clypeus. In sculpture, clothing, shape, etc., the face is very similar to

that of typical H. wpoluensis, but the front between the ocelli and antennae is

finely striated longitudinally, though not without reticulation.

Mesonotum dull owing to the dense surface sculpture, very remotely and

finely, but distinctly punctured, more remotely on all the middle part than along

the lateral and posterior margins; tegulae testaceous; scutellum strongly

shining in contrast with the mesonotum, finely and irregularly punctured ;

anterior area of the propodeum somewhat shining, reticulate-rugose, but the

wrinkles more longitudinal towards the sides, and apically in the middle transverse

(as is often the case in H. perpessicius, but probably the details are variable) ;

the lateral areas in some aspects have a fine longitudinal rugosity continued from

that of the anterior area, while the lateral raised margins of the posterior (vertical)

face reach upwards to the hind end of the lateral areas ; above the insertion of

the abdomen there is evident transverse rugosity.

Abdomen moderately shining, the transverse microscopic sculpture of Ist

tergite only just evident under a very strong lens, the following segments with

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 21

excessively minute, sparse, ill-defined, piliferous punctures amongst the transverse

surface sculpture; the apical impressions have a similar sculpture, but are

without punctures, and the hairs which spring from their base are short and even

on the 5th tergite only attain the apical margin towards the sides of the segment,

forming a thin row or fringe above the impression. Ventral scopa as in the

Samoan species. Length, 6 mm.

Tonga: Nukualofa, 1 9, 23.11.1925 (Hopkins).

Halictus fijiensis, sp. n.

g. Aeneous, and resembling a very small H. perpessicius in most respects,

but rather smaller than the most depauperated individuals of that species.

Compared with the latter, the face is wider and, though the punctuation is very

similar, the sculpture of the front between the antennae and ocelli is very different,

exhibiting evident longitudinal striation. Antennae black or blackish fuscous.

Mesonotum somewhat shining in spite of the surface sculpture, and with

sparse and very feeble punctures, the scutellum brightly shining or polished,

surface sculpture being visible only under the strongest lens, and with very few,

indistinct punctures. Anterior area of propodeum on either side of median

carina with obliquely longitudinal wrinkles, continued as fine rugulosity over the

lateral areas, so as to resemble H. perpessicius in these features, but the raised

lines at the sides of the posterior face are continued up to the lateral areas, and

there are rather strong transverse wrinkles above the abdominal insertion.

Abdomen very like that of most Upolu specimens of H. perpessicius, but the

apical impression of 1st tergite is wanting, or only defined at the sides and this

tergite is more shining ; the general sculpture is like that of the Samoan species,

but the erect hairs of the sternites are evidently shorter. Legs dark, aeneous

black, tibiae and tarsi testaceous, but the middle and hind tibiae are largely

dark, pale at base and apex.

The genital armature is very distinct from that of the Samoan species, but

shows characters indicating relationship. Length, 5-5-5 mm.

The Qis very like the J, the finely, longitudinally striated frons and transverse

wrinkles of the lower part of the posterior face of the propodeum distinguish it

at once from the larger H. perpessicius, which has a longer face with thinner

temples.

From H. tonganus, the more or less shining surface of the head and mesono-

tum, the very fine punctures of the latter being ill-defined and obsolete, will

22 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

easily separate the present species. The sculpture of the propodeum resembles

that of the Tongan species, but is quite likely to vary in both, since it 1s very

unstable in details in H. perpessicous. The black and subspiniform hairs, which

are found amongst the pale and more plumose ones of the upper edge of the hind

tibiae, and on the outer side of these, appear to be distributed over the whole

of this side in H. fijzensis, but only over a part in H. tonganus.

Fiji: probably common. I have seen specimens collected many years ago

by Koebele and by myself, and I think others still earlier by Hamilton and

Weiske, but the specimens have mostly been dispersed (Perkins).

Fiji: Cuvu, 5 gg, 6 99, 24, 25.vi.1915 (Veitch); Suva, 1 9, 22.1x.1920 ;

Yasawa, 1 g, 14.x.1921; Ovalau, 1 ¢, 21.x.1921; Taviuni, 1 9, 19.xii.1921

(Simmonds) (in coll. Brit. Mus.).

Halictus versifrons, sp. n.

A single § specimen, obtained with H. fijiensis, though resembling the latter

in many respects, appears to represent a distinct species.

g. Head and propodeum aeneous, but the mesonotum and scutellum more

purplish metallic or coppery, the abdomen shining blackish brown and metallic,

the apices of the femora, tibiae and tarsi testaceous, with the middle and hind

tibiae subinfuscate, except at the base and apex; extreme base of the scape of

the antennae yellowish.

The front of the head is not longitudinally striated, but under a strong lens,

in favourable aspect, the surface sculpture appears transverse or as transverse

striation, though there is much microscopic reticulation ; the sides of the head

behind the eyes, and the face adjoining the lateral margins of the clypeus, have

the usual longitudinal sculpture. Mesonotum dull, the punctures remote and

very minute and feeble. Propodeum finely reticulate-rugose, the surface within

the reticulations minutely sculptured ; on the lateral areas, and on the brow of

the posterior declivous surface, the sculpture appears minutely granulate under

a strong lens; transverse wrinkles above the insertion of the abdomen not (or

hardly) noticeable. Tergite 7 with its dorsal area yellowish, and truncate

at the apex. (Since the form and colour of this part vary more or less in

Samoan species, they are likely to do so in this one.)

The single specimen appears to be rather smaller than the smallest 3 H.

Juyrensis, but in general resembles that species, so that a more detailed description

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA, 23

seems unnecessary. ‘The calcar of the hind tibiae is armed as in H. fijiensis and

the Samoan species.

Fiji: a single 3, 1.1905.

10. Echthralictus latro, sp. n. (Text-fig. 5.)

2. Metallic blue, scutellum more greenish, head and abdomen blue black,

mandibles for the most part and legs more or less clear testaceous, front and hind

coxae largely dark and metallic.

Head wide, wider than the thorax including the tegulae ; seen from above,

narrowed behind the eyes, but temples large ; face transverse, sparsely clothed

with pale hairs, which are longer and more conspicuous beneath than above the

antennae ; clypeus somewhat shining compared with the parts above, but under

a strong lens evidently sculptured and appearing granu-

late, less distinctly so towards the apex, which is

straightly truncate, with a thin fringe of long and very

fine golden setae, very remotely and finely punctured,

the punctures bearing fine setae, the surface somewhat

depressed or flattened except on the duller basal part.

Frontal portion of the head very densely reticulately

sculptured under the microscope (appearing minutely

granular under a lens), sculpture appearing densest and Trxr-ric. 5.— Head of

with numerous feebly impressed punctures over the ¢hthralictus latro Perkins

: é : and Cheesman, sp. n., 2.

median portion where pubescence is very short ; beneath

antennae, and along inner orbits above, punctures are very sparse ; transverse

striation of vertex behind ocelli very fine. Antennae black or blackish fuscous,

flagellum slightly paler beneath.

Mesonotum with microscopic reticulate sculpture, but appearing less dull

behind, punctures fine, shallow and remote, but quite distinct ; scutellum with

very fine, but distinct, sparse punctures, unequal in size, the surface evidently

shining (duller posteriorly) though microscopically reticulated all over ; tegulae

more or less testaceous ; postscutellum subrugose ; propodeum with anterior

area somewhat concave, very regularly and clearly rugose longitudinally ; viewed

from in front, the rugae do not reach the brow, which appears more or less shining

(strongly so in some aspects), though the surface is reticulated ; lateral areas

undefined and duller, reticulated microscopically and with very fine longitudinal

wrinkles apparent in some aspects; posterior face with the lateral margins

24 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

defined by a raised line, extending up to the posterior angle of the lateral areas ;

surface smooth, except for microscopic sculpture and some transverse rugae

above the abdominal insertion; mesopleura sparsely hairy ; above, beneath

insertion of wings, longitudinally rugulose or striate, as is adjoining part of

metapleura. Wings hyaline, very little infuscated ; neuration brown, costa.

subcosta and stigma dark.

Abdomen hardly shining, very finely transversely rugulose or striate over

its whole surface, very sparsely clothed ; 3rd tergite, as also 4th, with some

sparse and ill-defined piliferous punctures ; apical impressions of all segments

distinct (except that on basal segment in middle), and without punctures. The

row of hairs springing from the base of the impressions on the 3rd and 4th

tergites very sparse, remote one from another, and on the latter only a few

appearing to reach actual hind-margin. Length probably 54-6 mm. (Owing

to the position of head and abdomen in the unique specimen, measurement is

difficult.)

The ¢ differs from the 9 described above much as does the ¢ of H. per-

pessicius from the other sex, the eyes being notably convergent to the apex when

the head is viewed from in front.

The clypeus is more or less shining compared with the upper parts of the

face, but under a lens the surface is seen to be evidently sculptured in the usual

manner. In general, the blue colour is brighter than in the 9, the thorax some-

what shining, the mesonotum with fine, shallow and very remote, but distinct,

punctures, those of the scutellum rather variable, being notably more numerous

in some examples than in others, as is the case with H. perpessicius. The hind

femora are for the most part dark and metallic, the front and middle ones often

so in a lesser degree or only beneath, the hind and middle tibiae are brown or

infuscate, at least on the upper side. Abdominal turgites blue-black or purplish-

black, with sparse fine hairs, chiefly noticeable on the more apical segments, the

pleurites with sparse short hairs, the sternites also with short erect clothing as

seen in lateral view. The 7th tergite has the sides and apex sharply margined

as in the other Samoan species, the apex usually slightly emarginate, the colour

often reddish. The genital armature is in general like that of H. perpessicius,

but sufficiently distinct.

Savai: Salailua, 1 9, 22.v.1924 (Bryan). Upolu: Vaea, 1100 ft., 1 g,

25.1v.1924 (Bryan) ; Leulumoega, about half a dozen of this sex, 14.1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder).

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA.

Trext-Fic. 6.—Anterior tarsus of 2 of (A) Echthralictus extraordinarius Kohl, and

(B) Halictus perpessicius Kohl.

4

Trxt-Fic. 7.—Posterior femur of 9 of (A) Echthralictus extraordinarius Kohl, and

(B) Halictus perpessicius Kohl.

Text-ric. 8.—Fifth tergite of

Echthralictus extraordinarius Kohl, 9.

A B

Ty

\ “y aed

A, Yyfghity

Trext-FIc. 9.—Posterior femur and trochanter of ¢ of (A) Echthralictus latro Perkins and

Cheesman, sp. n., and (B) Halictus perpessicius Kohl.

26 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

11. Echthralictus extraordmarius Kohl. (Text-figs. 6, 7, 8.)

Halictus extraordinarius Kohl, Denkschr. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl., 81, p. 306,

1908.

This fine species does not appear to be common, as we have seen only about

half a dozen examples and unfortunately all are females, so that it has not been

possible to examine the male characters. The thoracic punctuation and

sculpture generally are almost as in LZ. latro, but though the head of the latter is

very wide it is less incrassate than in Kohl’s species, which has the sides behind

the compound eyes much wider. The similar clothing and form of the legs, and

the form and clothing of the 5th tergite show an evident relationship between

the two species, but the great difference in the mandibular structure is very

remarkable.

Upolu: Vailima, 12.xii.1925, 1 9, and Apia, 11.1924, 1 2 (Buxton and

Hopkins) ; Vaea, 1100 ft., 25.iv.1924, 1 9 (Bryan); Apia, 12, 13.1x.1923, 2 2;

Leulumoega, 14.1x.1923, 2 9 (Swezey and Wilder).

SPHECOIDEA.

TRYPOXYLONIDAE.

12. Pison glabrum Kohl.

Denk. K. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-Naturw. K1., 81, p. 309, 1908 (Samoa), &.

3. Distance between posterior ocelli over half that between the latter and

the eyes ; (5: 8) interocular space on widest part of frons 100; on narrowest part

of vertex 40. Antennal segments, 1st to 4th, 8 : 22 : 24: 22.

2. Distance between posterior ocelli three times that between the latter and

the eyes (6:2); interocular space on widest part of frons 100; on narrowest

part of vertex 30. Antennal segments, Ist to 4th, 10: 25 : 25:24 (62 = 1 mm.).

Samoa (? Apia): 2 99, 1913 (Doane); Upolu, 1 3, 19, 16.ix.1923 ; Savaii,

1 9, 5.1.1924 (Swezey and Wilder).

13. Pison tahitense Sauss. (Text-fig. 10, A.)

Saussure, Reise Novara Zool., ii, pt. 1, p. 65, 1867 (Tahiti) (Syn. P. rechingert Kohl, loc. cit.

p. 309).

In 1908 Kohl (loc. cit.) recorded three species of Pison from Samoa, namely,

P. tahitense Sauss., represented by a single 9, and two new species, P. glabrum

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 27

and P. rechingeri. The description of the last agrees perfectly with P. tahitense

Sauss., and the most probable explanation appears to be that Kohl was un-

familiar with P. hospes Sm. and assigned his solitary specimen of that species

to P. tahitense, to which it is closely allied, and described his specimens of P.

tahitense under the name P. rechinger.

We have not seen the type of P. tahitense but, although the majority of

characters in Saussure’s description might apply equally to either species, the

clypeal characters, “clypeus sub-convexus, medio margine arcuato-producto et

A

abs

Uff

Y fpr

W/ (aes

; if) /{| ieee

yy /

~

\\\

AN

ee

Text-Fic. 10.—Clypeus of (A) Pison tahitense Sauss., 2, and (B) Pison hospes Sm., 9.

foveolato,” make it sufficiently clear which species he had before him. In

P. hospes Sm., the clypeal margin is angularly produced in both sexes (Text-

fig. 10).

Further differentiating characters are: Abdomen much more shining than

in P. hospes; silvery pubescence, when present, much shorter and sparser on

the discs of the tergites, forming an apical band on the 1st tergite, and fasciae

on the lateral parts of the apical impression of the 2nd, but hardly noticeable on

the 3rd and 4th tergites. rons with a short but distinct median sulcus.

Sava, 5 gg, 9 99, 5.xu1.1924 (Bryan); Tutuila, 2 99, 9.vi.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder) ; Upolu, 2000 ft.: 1 g, 4 99, 12.111., 4.v., and vi. and vii.1924.

14. Pison hospes Sm. (Text-fig. 10, B.)

Sm. Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., xiv, p. 676, 1879.

Tutuila, 3 99, iv.1918 (Kellers); 1 g, 2 99, 10, 22.1x.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder) ; 1 9, 4.xi1.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins); Upolu: 3 29, 1913 (Doane) ;

1 9, 13.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ; 1 9, vi. (Buxton and Hopkins) ; 3 99,1,

12.v.1924, 1 9, lower forest, 1000-2000 ft. (Bryan).

28 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

15. Pison argentatum Sh., sub-sp. ignavum Turn.

Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., p. 511, 1908.

Upolu: 1 3, 1 Q, 19.x.1922 and 5.i.1924 (Armstrong) ; 3 99, 1913 (Doane) ;

15 Q9, 1.-vi.1924.

16. Pison iridipennis Sm. (Text-fig. 11.)

Smith, Journ. Linn. Soc. Zool., xiv, p. 676, 1879.

P. widipennis may be distinguished from any

other known species of Pzson by the presence of

a small tubercle (sometimes withdrawn basally)

on the third sternite in the ¢ (Text-fig. 11), also

by the vestiture of the apical sternite and the

genital armature.

=, Upolu: 2 gg, 2 9, 19.1., 1.x.1923 (Arm-

aoe coe ae aa rr ee strong) 2 LOO. v., x.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins) ;

men of 3, showing tubercle Tutuila: 1 9, xu.1917 (Kellers).

on 3rd sternite.

MIMESIDAE.

17. Psen bryani, sp. n.

Black, tarsi largely testaceous in female, but hind ones in male nearly black ;

calcaria pallid.

Face densely clothed with silvery hairs beneath antennae, much silvery hair

also above them in the middle of the front ; apical margin of clypeus narrowly

bare, and with a very slight, median emargination or sulcus ; frons near anterior

ocellus very finely punctate, punctures on vertex larger and very remote. Viewed

from above, the interantennal process exhibits a small, bare, median tubercle

amongst the silvery hair. Antennae more slender in ¢ than in 9, third joint

23-3 times as long as wide and much longer than fourth, but shorter than 4th and

5th together.

Pronotum posteriorly along the margin with a transverse line of silvery

pubescence ; mesonotum shining, copiously but not densely punctured, the

punctures somewhat unequal in size ; scutellum remotely punctured, its anterior

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 29

transverse impression consute ; mesopleura, like sides of head of propodeum,

well clothed with white or silvery hairs, very finely and not densely punctured ;

anterior area of propodeum with strong, widely separated, longitudinal wrinkles

or costae, the spaces between which are smooth and shining; remainder of

propodeal surface clothed with white or silvery hairs (directed in different ways),

more or less widely reticulated or areolated, and finely sculptured in the spaces

between the raised lines. Wings hyaline, costa, subcosta, and stigma dark brown,

second cubital cell evidently longer than wide, receiving 1st recurrent near or

rather before middle, 2nd just before 2nd transverse cubitus, 3rd transverse

cubitus strongly indented or subangulate about middle. Middle tibiae of 2

with two anteapical spines on upper margin, hind tibiae with about a dozen

along same margin.

Abdomen with simple petiole, subconvex, smooth and shining above, about

14 times as long as postpetiolar part of the segment, with a thin fringe of out-

standing pale hairs on each side ; 3rd and following tergites bearing very remote,

feeble, piliferous punctures of unequal size, with the surface between them

microscopically sculptured, just perceptibly so under a strong simple lens ;

2nd tergite finely and sparsely punctured, more numerously and clearly in the

9, in which at the base the punctures are copious but minute, much closer than

those on the rest of the tergite. Pygidial area of 2 smooth and very narrow,

nearly twice as long as its basal width, with well-raised lateral keels, just within

which is a row of a few punctures along each side, each puncture bearing a very

short hair, much shorter than the sparse ones on the sides of the segment outside

the area ; 2nd sternite strongly convex, polished and nearly impunctate for a

large part, but duller and more punctured at sides; following segments with

microscopic sculpture, evident under a strong lens; 6th segment minutely and

copiously punctured, with a few coarser punctures interspersed and a smooth

median carina on its apical half. 4 with 3rd and 4th sternites furnished along

their apical margins on either side of the middle line (but occupying only about

4 the whole width of the segment) with special erect hairs (in the specimen

examined, these hairs are largely agglutinated together into pencils, but it is

possible that in clean specimens they form a broken line of erect and separate

cilia); 6th sternite punctured and clothed with dense short hairs, its side-

margins with extremely short, closely set spinules, which are visible on each side

at the apex of the abdomen, when this is viewed from above. Length, about

12 mm.

30 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Tutuila: Pago Pago 1 @ (selected as the type of the species), 18.1v.1924

(Bryan). Savaii: Safune, rain forest, 2000-4000 ft , 1 g, 2.v.1924 (Bryan).*

VESPOIDEA.

VESPIDAE.

18. Polistes macaénsis Fab.

Fabricius, Entom. Syst., li, p. 259, 1793.

Upolu: 2 99, 14, 22.1v.1922 (Armstrong); 6 99, 9.x11.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder) ; 1 3, 1 Q, ii., vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins). Savaii: 3 99, 12.v.1924

(Bryan).

19. Odynerus (Rhynchium) rufipes Fab.

Fabricius, Syst. Entom., p. 367, 1775.

Upolu: 7 gd, 3 99, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); 1 3, 5 QQ, U.—xi.1922

(Armstrong) ; 7 QQ, lil., vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins). Tutuila: 1 3, 4 22

iv.1918 (Kellers) ; 1 3, 6 29, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

20. Odynerus (Leionotus) bicinctus Fab.

Fabricius, Spec. Ins., i, p. 465, 1781.

Upolu: 1 3,7 29, 1x.1923 (Wilder) ; 4 99, 12.x.1922, 5.1.1924 (Armstrong) :

7 99, 11.1924, 1.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins). Savai: 33 99, v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila : 1 9, no date (Kellers); 1 9, 4.xii.1924 (Bryan); 5 99, ix.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder) ; 2 99, x1., xu.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins).

POMPILIDAE.

21. Anoplius spirohirtus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 12.)

g. Black or blackish fuscous, with a slight purplish tinge in some cases ;

head and most of upper parts of body with dense metallic green or golden green,

squamous, appressed pubescence. Face beneath antennae, and base of mandibles

* On receipt of these specimens in London, the g was found to be damaged in various ways,

and its abdomen was lying loose in the box. It is possible that the form on Savaii may show

racial or subspecific differences.

APOIDEA, SPHECOIDEA, AND VESPOIDEA. 31

with dense, silvery, appressed pubescence, with exception of a median area on

the clypeus; this pubescence continued along orbits as high as or a little higher

than upper edge of antennal fossae. Fine, longish erect, black hairs conspicuous

on face and vertex, as well as behind eyes and on propleura and under side of

anterior coxae ; the latter region also with appressed, silvery pile. Head viewed

from beneath exhibiting two angular processes at base of cibarial apparatus ;

scape of antennae with dense, white or silvery hair beneath outwardly ; width of

Ist segment equal to half its length ; 3rd and following segments hardly differing

in length, generally about three times as long as broad. Mandibles with an ante

apical tooth on their upper edge. Pronotum short, strongly transverse, posteriorly

arcuately emarginate, or with hind margin i

at most very obscurely obtusely angulate in

middle; seen from above, humeral angles

appear rounded off. Propodeum with erect,

fine hairs, and, as seen from above, with

sides produced at about middle of their

length into a blunt process or spine, at

which point the width is greatest; length in

dorsal aspect slightly greater than that of

scutellum and postscutellum together, and

about the same as that of mesonotum.

Claws bifid, lower tooth much the shorter

and blunt; shorter calcar of hind tibiae Fe ta tare ete eee aa at

reaching to about middle of first tarsal men of Anoplius spirohirtus Perkins

segment when laid along this ; inner calcar and Cheesman, sp. n., $; A, a hair

f 4th sternit h

much longer, more than three-fourths as long ai d Bree a

as first tarsal segment ; hind tibiae and first

segment of hind tarsi with the spines well developed for the 3 sex. Third

cubital cell of fore wing subtriangular or subpetiolate; hind wings with

median and submedian cells equal (measured on median nervure). Abdomen

with 2nd and 3rd sternites with sparse erect hairs, in addition to minute decum-

bent clothing, and very finely punctured; 4th, except at base and sides,

subdepressed and flattened, and densely clothed with black kinky hair ; 5th, flat

and deeply arcuately emarginate, clothed with sparse erect hairs ; apical sternite

subcompressed so as to appear somewhat carinate in middle, in some aspects at

least, and densely hairy (Text-fig. 12).

32 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

In one specimen (22.v.1924) the silvery white pubescence is absent on the

face and antennal scape.

Q. Pubescence entirely golden-green, silvery pubescence absent.

Interocular space on vertex narrower. Antennae: width of Ist segment

shghtly exceeding two-thirds of its length; 3rd segment longer than the two

following (length of 3rd to 5th segments 50, 42, 28). Sides of propodeum pro-

duced in middle of their length, but not forming a blunt process. Abdomen

with 5th tergite furnished with long stout, black bristles, denser at apex. Two

bristles in centre of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sternites, and a few scattered over surface

of 5th sternite. Claws simple. A short, well-developed spine upon apical third

of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th segments of posterior tarsi.

Upolu: Malololelei, 1 g, 10.vi.1924 (Armstrong, type). Sava: Salailua,

4 Jd, 22.v.1924; Safune, 1 J, 15.v.1924; 13, 1 9, lowlands, 1000 ft., 15.v.1924 ;

3 9d, rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. 3, 4.v.1924 (Bryan).

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES.

Text-fig. 1. Genitalia of Megachile, spp. 3 :—M. diligens Sm.: A, Dorsal view; B, Profile

(stipes). I. scutellata Sm.: C, Dorsal view ; D, Profile (stipes).

» 2. A, Posterior tarsus of Lathurgus (Megachile) bractipes Perkins and Cheesman,

sp. n.; B, Posterior tarsus of L. (M.) atratiformis Sm.

3. Fifth tergite of Halictus perpessicius Kohl, 3.

» 4. Head of Halictus samoae Perkins and Cheesman, sp. n., 9.

5. Head of Echthralictus latro Perkins and Cheesman, sp. n., 9.

» 6. Anterior tarsus of female of (A) Echthralictus extraordinarius Kohl, and (B)

Halictus perpessicius Kohl.

» 7. Posterior femur of (A) Zchthralictus extraordinarius Kohl, 9, and (B) Halictus

perpessicius Kohl, 2.

» 8. Fifth tergite of Echthralictus extraordinarius Kohl, 9.

», 9. Posterior femur and trochanter of male of (A) Echthralictus latro Perkins and

Cheesman, sp. n., and (B) Halictus perpessicius Kohl.

,, 10. Clypeus of (A) Pison tahitense Sauss., 2, and (B) Pison hospes Sm., 9.

» Ll. Pison iridipennis Sm., ventral aspect of abdomen of g, showing tubercle on 3rd

sternite.

», 12. Ventral surface of abdomen of Anoplius spirohirtus Perkins and Cheesman, sp. n.,

3; A, a hair from 4th sternite somewhat more enlarged.

LARRIDAE.

By Francis X. WILLIAMS.

Experiment Station, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Honolulu.

(With 12 Text-figures.)

THIs paper is based on twenty-six specimens of wasps, including representatives

of two genera and three species, in the collections of the British Museum and

of the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Notogonidea and Liris, the genera represented, are typical for the Larridae,

in having the posterior ocelli distorted and reduced, the mandibles with at

least an indication of an incision on their lower margin, one spur on the inter-

mediate tibiae, and the forewings with the marginal cell truncate at the tip

and provided with an appendix. Notogonidea is widely distributed but mainly

tropical, while Liris does not appear to be represented in the New World. Both

dig burrows in the soil and provision them with crickets (Gryllidae), which are

incapacitated by stinging, and the members of each genus lay an egg upon one

victim among several in each cell. Some species of Liris make tunnels several

feet in length.

The two Larridae that appear to be peculiar to Samoa are particularly

glossy and sparsely hairy insects, with a rather weak puncturation, and are

related to Australian and Oriental species; the third species, Notogonidea

retiaria, is widely distributed in Australia, occurs in Fiji, and is almost indis-

tinguishable from the Philippine V. manilae. By some authorities it would,

perhaps, be considered to be identical with that rather variable and abundant

species.

1. Notogonidea retiaria Turner. (Text-figs. 1 and 7.)

Notogonia retiaria Turner, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, pp. 479-480, 1908, 9, Perth, W. Australia.

In this collection from Samoa there are 2 99 and 7 $3, as follows: Tutuila :

Pago Pago 1 Q, iv.1918 (Kellers) ; Amauli: in sunny spot along trail, 1 2, 6 3d,

Val: 33 3

34 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

6.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Upolu: Aleipata, 2 gd, 10.iv.1924. The

2 §S from Upolu are in the British Museum, the remainder of the specimens in

the collection of the Bishop Museum.

Notogonidea retiaria is widespread in Australia and occurs also in Fiji.

It is very close to if not identical with the common and rathervari able Noto-

gonidea manilae (Ashm.), of the Philippines.

The armature of the 3 is rather weakly chitinised,

as in V. manilae, while the clypeus in the @ has no

small notch near the edge of the produced portion,

this notch being usually present in N. manilae. In

the Philippines, V. manilae (syn. N. williamst Robwer)

captures Nemobius histrio Saussure, a very tiny cricket.

(Exp. Sta. Hawanan Sugar Planters’ Association, Bull.

14, Ent. Ser., 1919.)

2. Notogonidea samoensis. (Text-figs. 2 to 6 and 8 to 9.)

Text-Fig. 1.—WNotogonidea

retiaria Turner, § (Tutu- 2 type. Length, 9mm. Rather stout; shining

ila): last visible ventral black; mandibles reddish apically, wings infuscate.

segment and armature. : :

Clypeus with the produced portion gently rounded

outwardly and with a small median notch, obscurely carinate from the base to.

the polished and sparsely punctured, gently bevelled edge, the lateral angles

obtuse ; antennal jomts 3 and 4 subequal ;

interocular space at vertex slightly less than

joints 2+ 3; face and vertex very finely

punctured ; mesonotum with fine separate

punctures, the pleura still more finely punc-

tured, and in addition, with a very finely

TA

fe

BEES

Trxt-ric. 2.—Notogonidea samoensis Williams, Text-Fia. 3.—Notogonidea samoensis

sp. n.: clypeus of 2 type. Williams, sp. n.: posterior face of

propodeum of 2 type.

reticulate effect, the median episternal groove wide and with some vertical

carinulae ; disc of propodeum with rather large though fine reticulations formed

LARRIDAE. 30

largely from suboblique carinulae, and with a delicate median carina not quite

teaching to apex, pleura with close and fine, nearly vertical wrinkles, a fine

lateral carina extending from the propodeal stigma to the ventral part of

p) 1

Text-Fric. 4.—-Notogonidea samoensis Williams, Text-Fic. 5.—Notogonidea samoensis Wil-

sp. n.: portion of venation of forewing of liams, sp. n.: portion of venation of

Q type. forewing of Q paratype.

posterior face; posterior face with rather large reticulations and a median

impressed line, whose raised margins diverge suddenly and widely near the

dorsum; legs rather stout; wings with abscissae in following order of in-

creasing length—5 and 2 nearly equal, 3, 1 and 4; abdomen shining black,

\

Text-Fic. 6.—Notogonidea samoensis Trext-Fic. 7.—Notogonidea retiarra

Williams, sp. n.: hind tarsus of Turner: hind tarsus of @

type, last three segments. (Tutuila), last three segments.

lacking any silvery banding; pygidium about 14 times as long as its greatest

width, the margin slightly convex, the apex truncate, the disc closely punctured

and covered with fine bronzy (?) pile (dulled with grease in case of type), and

with sparse suberect bristles. Vestiture sparse and inconspicuous, lower part

of face with short silvery pile.

36 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

3 allotype. Length, 7-5 mm. In appearance like 9. Clypeus about as in

9, except that its produced margin is entire and the bevel almost impunctate ;

antennal joints 3, 4 and 5, short subequal, the following joints longer, the

interocular space at the vertex equal to joints 1 + 2 + about 4 of 3; sculpture

a little coarser than in 2; abscissae of forewings in following order of increasing

length: 5 (3 and 2 subequal), 1 and 4, the two recurrents rather proximate at

the second submarginal cell; dorsal margin of second abdominal segment

testaceous; sagittae of armature darkly chitinised, somewhat rod-like and

with sparse and fine erect hairs.

Type: Tutuila: Afono Trail, 25.1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder). Allotype ¢ (some-

what worn): Upolu: Malololelei, 7.xi1.1925 <

(Wilder). Paratype: Savau: Salailua, 1 9, AN

19.v.1924 (Bryan). \

Type, allotype and paratype (9) in the

collection of the Bishop Museum.

Trext-Fic. 8.—Notogonidea samoensis Williams, Trext-FiG. 9.—Notogonidea samoensis Wil-

sp.n.: portion of antenna of ¢ allotype. liams, sp. n.: last visible ventral seg-

ment and armature of 3 allotype.

This species is sculptured much like NV. retiaria, but is a larger insect with

stouter tarsi, the ¢ with shorter antennal joints and a different armature; in

these last two characters, and even more in propodeal sculpture, it is comparable

to N. bakert (Williams, MS.) of the Philippines. The wing venation is somewhat

variable, as shown by the ending of the two recurrent veins 1 and 2 in the cubitus.

3. Liris samoensis, sp. n. (Text-figs. 10-12.)

Qtype. Length, 13mm. Stout, polished black. Clypeus with the produced

portion subtruncate, with a deep median notch with deflexed margins, each half

of subtruncation extending very nearly as a straight line; a small shoulder

LARRIDAE. 37

below lateral angle; disc somewhat convex between base and median notch,

margin not reflexed ; main portion of disc closely but shallowly punctured, thus

having a very finely reticulate appearance ; deeper, well-separated punctures

not quite extending to margin, and a

narrow band of larger setiferous punctures

across disc ; antennal joints 3 and 4 sub- :

equal, interocular space at vertex slightly Nua 4

greater than joint 3; vertex finely punc- ‘| c

tured ; dorsum of thorax with fine though Trxr-rie. 10.—Liris samoensis Williams,

well-separated punctures, pleura with Bp. n. = clypeus of ? type.

rather sparse piliferous punctures and

having an exceedingly fine reticulate appearance; disc of propodeum with

a shallow, longitudinal sulcus and mainly with fine transverse wrinkles, which

are arched in an anterior direction (procurved), the pleura above and below with

some vertical wrinkles, the remainder with a very finely reticulate appearance,

the posterior face with an impressed line, whose sides diverge a little near the

dorsum, otherwise except for a few oblique wrinkles above, nearly smooth ;

wings slightly infuscate, abscissae in the following order of increasing length,

5, 2, 3, 1 and 4 (though somewhat variable when a series is considered) ;

abdomen rather short, third ventral segment carinate at base, pygidium with

sides slightly convex, covered with pale golden pile and with some sparse suberect

bristles. Vestiture: silvery pile on face, behind eyes, a patch of it below wing

base and at apex of pleura of propodeum, also on legs in part and on mesosternum,

abdomen with segments 1, 2, and 3 each with an inconspicuous silvery band,

lateral to slightly dorsal; sparse erect

hair on head, thorax, legs and_ first

abdominal tergite.

6 allotype. Length, 105mm. Very

like 9. Produced portion of clypeus

truncate, gently emarginate mesially,

lateral angles sharp and slightly upcurved,

disc broadly polished along margin and with an irregular line of large scattered

punctures across it, but otherwise with a finely reticulate appearance ; antennal

joints 3 and 4 subequal, 2 + 3 somewhat longer than width of interocular space

at vertex. Sculpture about as in 2; second abdominal segment with a rather

well-defined tergo-pleural angle ; abscissae of forewings in following order of

TExt-Fic. 11.—Liris samoensis Williams,

sp. n.: clypeus of ¢ allotype.

38

INSECTS OF SAMOA.

increasing length, 5 (2 and 3 almost equal), 1 and 4; armature with sagittae

slightly twisted and spoon-like at their extremity. Vestiture consisting of

sparse pale golden pile and pale erect hairs.

Type: Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft., 19.vi.1924. Allotype g¢: Tutuila:

Vaitogi, 23.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Paratypes: 2 99, Tutuila (Kellers).

Upolu: Malololelei, 2 99, 2.vii.1924, 1 g (2000 ft.), 18.iv.1924, 3 go, vil. and

TEext-Fic. 12.—Liris samoensis Wil-

hams, sp. n.: last visible ventral

segment (upper figure) and arma-

ture of ¢ allotype.

12.vii.1925 (Wilder) ; 4 $3, 101.1923, 12.vi.1924

(Armstrong).

The two females from Tutuila have pale

golden pile.

This species belongs to the section of

Inris having the space between the compound

eyes and the occiput very narrow; in this

section are included, among others, the

Australian Liris melania Turner, and two new

species found in the Philippines. LL. samoensis,

though closely allied to these, is more polished,

with weaker punctuation, and in the @ the

clypeal subtruncation forms nearly a straight

line instead of being bent outwards in the

middle of each half to form a low angle.

Type, 2 99 and 5 go paratypes in the

British Museum; allotype, 2 92 and 3 g¢

paratypes in the Bishop Museum.

The genus Liris differs but slightly from Notogonidea; in the latter the

mandibles are clearly incised on their outer (lower) margins, while in Lzris the

incision is weak or nearly lacking. The species of Lzris are usually much larger

insects than those of the genus Notogonidea.

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES.

Notogonidea retiaria Turner ¢: last visible ventral segment and armature.

. Notogonidea samoensis Williams, sp. n.: clypeus of 9 type.

. Notogonidea samoensis Williams, sp. n.: posterior face of propodeum of 9 type.

. Notogondea samoensis Williams, sp. n.: portion of venation of forewing of ° type.

. Notogonidea samoensis Williams, sp. n.: portion of venation of forewing of 92

LARRIDAE. 39

Text-fig. 6. Notogonidea samoensis Williams, sp. n.: hind tarsus of 2 type, last three segments.

» 7. Notogonidea retiaria Turner: hind tarsus of 9, last three segments.

», 8. Notogonidea samoensis Williams, sp..n.: portion of antenna of ¢ allotype.

» 9. Notogonidea samoensis Williams, sp. n.: last visible ventral segment and armature

of g allotype.

» 10. Liris samoensis Williams, sp. n.: clypeus of 9 type.

», Ll. Liris samoensis Williams, sp. n.: clypeus of g allotype.

,, 12. Liris samoensis Williams, sp. n.: last visible ventral segment (upper figure) and

armature of ¢ allotype.

DEBARTMENT

OF Pe

FORMICIDAE (FOURMIS).

Par LE Dr. F. SANTSCHI.

(Avec 9 figures dans le texte.)

Les fourmis des iles Samoa ont été relativement peu étudiées. A part Mayr qui

dés 1866 en donne les premicres et principales descriptions, on ne trouve plus

guére que des citations isolées, une liste d’Emery (1914) et une autre avec quelques

nouvelles formes que je publiais en 1919. La présente étude porte le total des

capturées dans cet archipel a 45, dont 8 sont cosmopolites dans les pays tropicaux,

26 se retrouvent dans d'autres iles du Pacifique, l’Australie et I’ Indo-Malaisie,

enfin 11 formes seulement sont locales, soit environ le tiers. Cependant je

pense que ce chiflre aurait pu étre plus élevé si les recherches avaient été plus

attentives et surtout dirigées, non sur des individus isolés des parties cultivées,

mais en collectant, plutot dans la zone vierge, les fourmiliéres ou la présence

des diverses formes sexuées en permet Videntification. C’est ainsi que Mann

est parvenu a élever & 79% la proportion des fourmis locales des iles Fidji,

en y séjournant environ dix mois et en se consacrant plus spécialement a cette

étude. Toutefois en tenant compte des seules connaissances acquises a ce jour,

les fourmis autocthones des Samoa, paraissent étre bien plus faiblement repré-

sentées que celles des Fidji. Peutétre par le fait du refoulement dans linterland

ou de destructions dues a Vinvasion toujours plus forte des espéces étrangéres.

Cela parait plus évident quand on compare les anciens travaux plus riches

en espéces locales, avec les publications récentes ou prédominent les formes

cosmopolites.

Voici maintenant la liste des espéces, sous-espéces, races et varicétés actuelle-

ment connues aux Iles Samoa. Les espéces précédées d’une astérisque ne sont

pas représentées dans les collections qui ont servi a cette étude.

* Rhitidoponera metallicum Sm.

Euponera (Lrachyponera) stigma F. v. quadridentata Sm.

Platythyrea pusilla Emery v. pacifica v. n.

Ponera trigona Mayr st. convearscula For. v. nautarum Sants.

41

42

INSECTS OF SAMOA.

*Ketomomyrmes msulanus Mayr.

Odontomachus haematoda F.

Odontomachus haematoda F. v. fuscipennis For.

Anochetus graeffi Mayr.

Cardiocondyla nuda Mayr.

Vollenhovia samoensis Mayr.

Vollenhovia agilis, sp. n.

Monomorium pharaonis Linn.

Monomorium floricola Jerd.

Monomorium ninutum Mayr v. samoanum v. n.

*Solenopsis geminata F. st. rufa Jerdon.

Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) sexspinosa Mayr.

Phevdole (Pheidole) wmbonata Mayr.

Phevdole (Pheidole) megacephala Fab.

Pherdole (Pherdole) oceanica Mayr.

Phevdole (Pherdole) oceanrca v. wpoluana v.n.

Phetdole (Pheidole) oceanica v. pattensont Mann.

Phevdole (Pheidole) oceanica v. nigriscapa Vv. n.

Tetramorvum guineense FB.

Tetramorvum guineense v. macra Emery.

Tetramorium pacificum Mayr.

Tetramorvum tunganum Mayr.

*Rogeria stigmata Km. v. sublaevinodis Km.

Rhopalothrix procera Hm. st. samoana st. n.

Strumagenys godeffroyr Mayr.

*Tridomyrmex rufoniger Lown.

Tapmoma (Micromyrma) melanocephalum Fabricius.

Tapinoma (Micromyrma) melanocephalum v. australis v.n.

Pechnomyrmex albipes Smith v. vitiensts Mann.

Technomyrmesx albipes st. rufescens Santschi.

Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon.

Paratrechina longicornis Latreille.

Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga v. crassipilis Sant.

Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga v. trritans v. n.

Paratrechina (Nylanderia) burbonica Forel st. bengalensis Forel.

*Ocecophylla smaragdina F.

FORMICIDAE, 43

Camponotus (Myrmoturba) writans Sm. st., chloroticus Km. v. samoensis

Santschi.

Camponotus (Colobopsis) buxtoni sp. n.

Camponotus (Colobopsis) conithorax Emery v. nautarum Sants.

Camponotus (Colobopsis) rufifrons Smith v. leucopus Emery.

*Camponotus (Colobopsis) flavomarginatus Viehm. £ (? leucopus Em.).

PONERINAE.

1. Euponera (Trachyponera) stigma Fabr. v. quadridentata (F. Smith).

Ponera quadridentata Smith, Journ. Proc. Linn. Soc. London, ii, p. 148, 1858, §.

Tutuila : Centre de Vile, 900 4 1200 pieds (Kellers), g ; Afone Trail, 5.1x.1923,

6; Pago Pago, 24.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Pago Pago, 4.x11.1924, 3, 2

(Bryan).

Savai: Safune, 2000 a 4000 pieds, Foréts pluviales, 31.v.1924 (Bryan), 3;

Fagamalo, xi.1923, 3.

Salomon, Fidji, probablement répandue dans la plupart des iles du Pacifique.

2. Platythyrea pusilla Emery v. pacifica, var. n.

8. Long. 43 a 45 mm. Noire. Mandibules, antennes, pattes et bord

postérieur des segments du gastre rouge ferrugineux. ‘Tibias parfois plus clairs,

milieu des cuisses plus obscur. Trés voisine du type dont elle différe par le bord

postérieur du pétiole, qui est indistinctement trilobé. Les angles postérieurs de

l’épinotum ne saillent pas sur le profil mais se prolongent en dent mousses quand

on les regarde de dessus. Les cdtés de la face déclive ont une bordure tranchante,

tandis que celle qui en sépare la face basale est accusée mais mousse. Les yeux

ne sont pas aussi grands que le quart des cétés de la téte et leur diamétre est un

peu plus petit que leur distance a l’articulation mandibulaire. Hanches dentées

ou épineuses. Différe de la var. australis Forel par sa sculpture beaucoup plus

riche en points fossettes.

Samoa: Upolu, Apia (Swale), ix.1916, 3 %, recus de Mr. G. Arnold sous le

nom erroné de P. coxalis Km.

3. Ponera trigona Mayr st. convexiscula Forel v. nautarum Santschi.

Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sc. Nat., liii, p. 180, 1920, % .

Upolu: Apia, 1500 ft., 8.20.xii.1927, 1 9.

44 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

4, Odontomachus haematoda Linn.

Formica haematoda Linn., Syst. Nat., Hd. 10, i, p. 582, 1758.

Tutuila: Eastern end of Is., 1070 ft., 21.vi.1918; Pago Pago, 300 ft., iv.

(KXellers); Leone Road, 24.1x.1921 (Bryan); Amauli, 5.1x.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder), § ; Fagasa, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Mulifanua, 16.vii.1923 (Wilder), ¢; Apia, 9.1.1925 (Wilder), 8, g;

Leulumoega, 14.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Manua: Tau, 17.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savaii: Rain forest 2000-4000 ft., 2.v.1924 ; Safune, Low lands to 1000 ft.,

1.v.1917 (Bryan); Fagamalo, 18.xi.1915.

Kspéce commune dans tous les tropiques.

5. Anochetus graeffi Mayr.

Verh, Zool.-bot. Ges. Wren, xx, p. 961, 1870.

Tutuila: Amauli, 6.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Se trouve aussi aux Iles Fidji.

MYRMICINAE.

6. Cardiocondyla nuda Mayr.

Sitzgsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, li, p. 508, 1868.

Savai: Safune, 12.v.1924 (Bryan).

Manua: Tau, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder), &.

Océanie, Indes. Des variétés ou races se trouvent aux Hawaii, Australie,

Afrique et Madagascar.

7. Vollenhovia samoensis Mayr.

Journ. Mus. Godeffroy, xii, p. 99, 1876.

Sava: Salailua, 21.v.1924 (Bryan), 3.

N’ est connue que des Iles Samoa.

8. Vollenhovia agilis, sp.n. (Text-fig. 1.)

2. Long.3 mm. D’un rouge roussatre tirant au jaune, un peu brunatre

sur l’abdomen avec le bord postérieur des segments nuagés de brunatre. Zone

FORMICIDAE. 45

ocellaire et insertions alaires brun noiratres. Appendices d’un roux plus clair.

Pilosité dressée irréguliére et abondante. Téte mate, striée en long. Les stries

médianes réguliéres du front (qui est presque lisse) au vertex, trés fines entre

les ocelles, les stries laterales de plus en

plus serpigineuses et densement ponctuées.

EHpistome et aire frontale presque lisses.

Pronotum, mésonotum et scutum striées

ponctués comme la téte, mais les stries

sont plus fines et non ponctuées sur une ~

bande médiane longitudinale du méso- — Dyyp-mg. 1—Vollenhovia agilis Sants, 9.

notum et éffacées, presque lisses sur le Pédoncule.

milieu du scutum. Les deux faces épino-

tales, le pédoncule et le gastre entiérement lisses et luisants, sauf la ponctuation

pilifére ordinaire.

Téte rectangulaire, un quart plus longue que large, les cotés droits paralléles,

mais un peu plus rapprochés en avant des yeux qui en occupent plus du deuxiéme

quart antérieur. Bord postérieur transversal avec les angles brévement arrondis.

Kpistome convexe, le bord antérieur arqué de l’angle interne de l’articulation

mandibulaire a l’autre, et ot! viennent aboutir les deux carénes. Mandibules

lisses & bord terminal large, ornées de 7 dents dont les trois internes beaucoup

plus petites. Le scape est distant de son épaisseur des bords postérieurs de la

téte. Articles 3 a7 du funicule plus de deux fois plus larges que longs. Thorax

large comme la téte, faiblement arqué sur le profil de l’angle pronotal a langle

épinotal. Pétiole un quart plus long que large avec le noeud aussi long que

large, postpétiole aussi long que large, un quart plus large que le pétiole; pour

le profil des nceuds voir la figure.

Tutuila : Fagasa, rotten bark, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder), 1 9.

9. Monomorium pharaonis Linn.

Formica pharaonis Linn., Syst. Nat., Ed. 10, i, p. 580, 1758.

Tutuila : Centre de l’ile (Kellers), ¢.

Savaii: Salailua, 20.v.1924 (Bryan), ¥.

46 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

10. Monomorium floricola Jerdon.

Atta floricola Jerdon, Madras Journ. Litt. and Sci., xvii, p. 107, 1851; Monomorium speculare

Mayr., Sutzgsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, |xiui, p. 509, 1866, ¥.

Upolu: Malololelei, 12.11.1924; Apia, ix.1924; Lalomanu, 15.xi.1924

(Buxton and Hopkins).

Tutuila: Amauli, 6.ix.1923 ; Pago Pago, 9.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Sava: Safune, 30.iv.1924 (Bryan).

Manua: Tau, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

11. Monomorium minutum Mayr, v. samoanum, var. n. (Text-fig. 2 b.)

8. Long. 1:2 mm. D’un brun jaune rougeatre un peu plus foncé dessus

que dessous, le gastre brun noir. Pilosité

dressée plus abondante, surtout sur le gastre,

que chez la race liliwokalanu For. Les céotés

ae de la téte trés faiblement convexes, presque

lad iN droits et assez paralléles, mais les angles

ee postérieurs trés arrondis. Le noeud du

étiole est un peu plus bas que chez le

Trxt-FIG. 2.—(a) Monomorium minutum F ns P mee i

= ee pene - (b) v. samoanum *ype avec le pédicule antérieur plus court

Sants: Thorax et pédoncule. que chez liliuokalani. Plus petit et bien plus

pale que chez chinense Sants. (Text-fig. 2 a).

Upolu: Apia, “‘ Bermuda erass,”’* Sporobolus sp. (Swezey and Wilder), &.

12. Pheidole (Pheidolacanthinus) sexspinoa Mayr.

Pheidole sexspinosa, Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx, p. 977, 1870.

Tutuila: Leone Road, 7.iv.1923 (Swezey and Wilder), ¥ 2; Amauli,

5.1x.1923 ; Malololelei, 2000 ft., 20.xi.1924; Fagasa, 9.ix.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder) ; Pago Pago, 12.iv.1924 (Bryan).

Se trouve aux Iles Ellice et Salomon, des variétés en Nouvelle Guinée et

Archipel Bismarck.

* The name “ Bermuda Grass” is usually applied to Cynodon dactylon Pers.—K. KH. AUSTEN.

FORMICIDAE. 47

13. Pheidole (Pheidole) umbonata Mayr.

Mayr, Sitzgsber. Akad. Wiss., lili, p. 510, 1866, 8 g (Non 2 21); Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx,

p- 977, 978, 1870. Mann, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard, \xiv, p. 430, 1921, 3 2 21.

Upolu: Apia, 15.11.1925, 21 8; Vailima, 1.11.1925, under moss on damp

tree ; Malololelei, 17.vi.1924, under stone; Tuaefu, 16.1x.1923.

Tutuila: Leone Road, 7.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Aussi Nouvelle Guinée et Nouvelle Calédonie.

14, Pheidole (Pheidole) megacephala Fabr.

Formica magacephala Fabricius, Ent. Syst., 1, p. 361, 1793.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, ex deserted termitarium on tree trunk, 14.x11.1925.

Upolu: Apia, under bark, 10.01.1924; Malololelei, under stone, 19.vi.1924.

‘Manono: attending coccids, 10.vi.1924; Mulifanua, 16.1.1925 (Wilder).

Cosmopolite dans les pays chauds, parait étre introduite récemment aux

Samoa et Fidji.

15. Pheidole (Pheidole) oceanica Mayr.

Pheidole oceanica (part), Sitzgber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, liii, p. 510, 1866, 2| 2 (non $3); Verh. Zool.-bot.

Ges. Wien, xx, pp. 977, 979, 1870, & 21.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 25.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder): Vaea, 500 ft.,

12.x11.1925.

Upolu: Vailima, 3.vi.1924, 3; Apia, 13.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

Apia, mangrove swamp, 27.v.1924; Malololelei, 5.vii.1924; Vaea, 1100 ft.,

25.1v.1924 (Bryan).

Savaii: Safune, low forest, 1000-2000 ft. (Bryan).

Manua: Tau, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder), ¢.

15a. Pheidole (Pheidole) oceanica Mayr, v. upoluana, var. n. (Text-fig. 3 b.)

21. Long.4mm. Noire. Mandibules, épistome, joues rougedtres. Funicule,

pattes, plus roussatres avec le milieu des cuisses et des tibias rembrunis. Sculpture

disposée comme chez le type, mais plus forte surtout sur le thorax. Les interrides

de la téte faiblement réticulés, presque lisses. Téte un peu plus large avec

48 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

V’échancrure postérieure un peu plus étroite et aussi profonde que chez le type.

Du reste semblable.

8. Long. 28 mm. Brunatre, dessus de la téte, scape, milieu du thorax et

sastre brun noiratres ou noirs. Funicule, hanches et pattes roussdtres. Méso-

notum et épinotum un peu plus fortement

- ponctués réticulés. Pour le reste comme le

type.

9. Long. 7a 7-5 mm. Le mésonotum est

ridé strié en convergeant des épaules & la suture

postérieure, laissant un grand triangle lisse au

milieu devant. Scutum lisse et luisant devant,

strié en travers derriére. Dents de ’épinotum

aigués. Postpétiole en losange transversal, pas

plus large que le pétiole. Gastre tronqué et

finement réticulé a la base. Le reste comme

chez le soldat.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 ft., 19.v1.1924,

21 $ 9. Under stone.

TEXT-FIG. 3.—(@) Pheidole oceanica Savaii: Safune, 4.v.1924 (Bryan), 8.

BATE VC SOUie 3 bore Différe de la var. pattensont Mann par sa

postérieur de la téte; (6) v.

upoluana Sants., téte, ¥. couleur plus sombre, le scape noir, la taille plus

robuste. Cette forme ressemble beaucoup a

Pheidole tenerifana, mais elle s’en distingue par Véchancrure occipitale plus

profonde et les derniers articles du funicule un peu plus longs. La sculpture

du vertex et des lobes occipitaux un peu plus réticulée.

158. Pheidole (Pheidole) oceanica Mayr, v. pattensoni Mann.

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., xiii, p. 317, 1919, %.

Upolu: Apia, xii.1925, 2, &. Les scapes de l’& sont clairs tandis que le

2| est plus foncé que chez oceanica type et moins que chez wpuluana.

Cette variété ressemble fort a Ph. tenerifana; elle a été décrite sur des

exemplaires des Iles Salomon.

15c. Pheidole (Pheidole) oceanica Mayr, v. nigriscapa, var.n. (Text-fig. 3 a.)

2|. Long. 4:3mm. Brun rougeatre. Mandibules et joues rouges brunatres.

Scapes et gastre noirs brunatres. Funicules, articulations des pattes et tarses

FORMICIDAE. 49

toussatres. Reste des pattes brun jaunatre. Les stries de la téte sont plus

fines et moins régulieres que chez oceanica type. Llles sont plus espacées sur

les cotés de la téte et plus réticulées vers les yeux. La sculpture fondamentale

est plus densement et régulicrement ponctuce réticulée en dehors des crétes

frontales qu’entre elles. Cette sculpture est plus evidente dans le lit du scape

et vers les cotés de la téte que chez oceanica. Pronotum lisse au milieu et devant,

ridé en travers sur les cotés et derriére. Mesonotum ridé rugueux. lace basale

de l’épmotum ridé en travers. Postpétiole lisse dessus, réticulé sur les coteés.

Gastre lisse.

Téte légéerement plus longue que chez oceanica, le bord postérieur plus

largement mais un peu moins profondément échancré. Meésonotum un peu

moins saillant sur le profil. Hpines épinotales légérement plus courtes. Pour

le reste comme chez oceanica.

8. Long.2:7 mm. Couleur du thorax un peu plus clair que chez le 2) mais

avec le scape brun noiratre ainsi que le gastre. La téte moins rembrunie, pour

le reste comme chez oceanica Mayr.

Upolu: Apia, 1 2 type, 8.x11.1925; 7 %, type gi-inclus, 3.11.1924; x.1911

(H. Swale). 1 21, ce dernier déterminé autre fois comme Ph. tenerifana For.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 25.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

La sculpture des angles de la téte est moins fine, le scape moins obscurci

que chez lenerifana.

J’ai recu derniérement de Mr. Crawley, un 2, et 2 & de Tahiti qui

appartiennent a nigriscapa mais en different par la téte encore moins échancrée

derriére et les rides plus accusées sur les cotés de la téte.

16. Tetramortum guineense Fabr.

Formica guineensis Fabricius, Entom, Syst., xi, p. 357, 1793.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 14.x1.1925; Amauli, 9.v.1925 (Swezey and Wilder);

Upolu: Apia, 27.v.1924; Tongatafa, 1.vu.1923 (Wilder); Malololelei,

2000 ft., 6.xi1.1925, 1924; Afiamalu, 2.vi.1923; Tuaefu, 16.1x.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder) ; Vaea, 500 {t., 2.x11.1925 ; Vailima, 500 ft.

Savaii: Fagamalo, 18.xi.1925.

Manua: Tau, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Veo 4

50 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

17. ‘Tetramorium guineense labr., v. macra Emery.

Nova Caledonia, Zool. vi, p. 415, 1914, ©.

Savail: Salailua, low lands, 100 ft., 16.v.1924; Safune, 5.v.1924 (Bryan).

Se trouve aussi aux Iles lidji et & la Nouvelle Calédonie. Peutétre identique

a la var. Welsont Mann.

18. Tetramorium pacificum Mayr.

Verh. Zool.-bot. Gcs. Wien., Xx, pp. 972, 976, 1870, & 2.

Tutuila: Leone Road, 7.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Pago Pago, 9 type,

9.1x.1924 (Bryan) ; Fagasa, 9.ix.1923 ; Amauli, 5.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Tuaefu, 16.1x.1924 (Bryan).

Manua: Tau, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savaii: Salailua, 22.v.1924 (Bryan); low land to 1000 ft., 16.v.1924

(Swezey and Wilder) ; Safune, 12.v.1924 (Bryan).

Iles Tonga, Fidji, Salomon.

19. Tetramorium tunganum Mayr. (Text-fig. 4.)

Verh. Zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, xx, pp. 972, 976, 1870.

® (non décrite). Long. 3-2 mm. Roussatre avec le gastre plus jaunatre

dessus et rembruni au milieu. Zone ocellaire et insertion alaires brunatres.

Sculpture plus accusée que chez

us Pouvriére. Les rides du méso-

~

notum convergent en arricre et

Vid se continuent sur le scutum.

Dessus des neeuds du pédoncule

iv et gastre lisses comme chez

( Pouvriere. Les yeux sont aussi

Text-rie. 4.—Telramorium tunganum Mayr, 9. erands que le tiers des cdtés de

la téte et en occupent plus du

deuxieme quart antérieur. Il n’y a qu’un seul ocelle, le médian, qui est fort

grand chez unique exemplaire. Hst-ce une anomalie? Le scape atteint le

bord postérieur de la téte. Le thorax est proportionellement plus haut et plus

court que chez 7. guineense. La face basale de l’épinotum descend beaucoup

FORMICIDAR. 51

plus abrupte et droite sur les épines. Celles-ci dirigées en arriére, sont un peu

plus longues que larges a leur base. Les deux nceuds sont aussi large Pun que

l'autre et que longs. Le premier un peu plus court que le suivant. Le gastre

nest pas plus long que le thorax.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Pago Pago, @ &,

9.1x.1924 (Swezey and Wilder); Leone Road, 7.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

Amauli, 5.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Vailima, 1.v1.1924.

Savail: Salailua, low forest, 17.v.1924 (Bryan). Variété & gastre brun.

La couleur du gastre varie selon les localités soit entiérement jaune soit

presque entiérement brun noir; la forme typique a seulement le milieu du

gastre rembruni.

20. Rhopalothrix procera Emery, st. samoana, st. n. (Text-fig. 5.)

8. Long. 3:5 a 3:7 mm. Brun rouge ferrugineux foncé. Pattes d’un

roux ferrugineux plus clair. Une bande obscure au travers du gastre. Sculpture

bien plus grossiére que chez la race malua

Mann, avec de grosses rides, d’abord longi-

tudinales et irréguliéres sur le front, puis \

deviennant rapidement réticulaires avec un

poll & massue dans chaque maille. Cette \\

sculpture se retrouve sur le dessus du thorax b

ot elle est encore plus grossiére. Face

occipitale, noeuds pédonculaires et gastre

finement ponctués réticulés et un peu lu-

sants. Pilosité en massue plus épaisse que Txxt-ric.5.—Rhopalothrix procera Em.,

chez malua, elle est surtout beaucoup plus ®t s#moana Sants.: (a) téte de la & ;

(b) 4 premiers articles de l’antenne

forte et apparente sur le gastre que chez = qy g,

cette race. Téte moins fortement échancrée

derriére. Postpétiole non bordé. Du reste comme chez malua.

Sg. Différe de malua comme suit: Long. 3-5 mm. Outre la ponctuation

trés dense, fine et mate de la téte et du thorax, il y a des rides irréguliéres et

espacées. Le gastre est trés luisant et sa ponctuation superficielle est effacée

dessus (submate chez malua). Les cdtés de la téte convergent en arriére depuis

les yeux ou peu aprés ceux-ci. Le bord antérieur de l’épistome est transversal

et ses angles arrondis. Scape dilaté, Mandibules plus longues avec une seule

52 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

dent apicale trés aigué. Dents de I’épinotum plus pointus. Aile supérieure

longue de 4-2 mm.

Upolu: Malololelei, % ¢ types, 19.v1.1924, under stone ; idem, Y, 2000 ft.,

21.v1.1925.

21. Strumigenys godeffroyi Mayr.

Sitz. Akad. Wiss. Wien, lui, p. 516, 1866.

Upolu: Apia, 15.11.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Répandue du Japon aux Séchelles, Sumatra, Nouvelle Calédonie, Fidji, ete.

DOLICHODERINAE.

22. Technomyrmex albipes Smith, var. vitiensis Mann. (Text-fig. 6.)

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., \xiv, p. 473, 1921, &.

3d (non deécrit). Noir. Mandibules antennes, articulations des pattes,

hanches, tibias et tarses roussitres. Trés finement ponctué réticulé comme

chez louvriére. Pilosité dressée manque sur les scapes, assez abondante sur le

gastre. Téte trapéezoidale. Les angles,

antérieurs sont marqués par les yeux qui

occupent la moitie antérieure des cétés

de la téte ; les angles postérieurs par les

ocelles entre lesquelles le bord est con-

cave. Les bords latéraux assez droits des

Trxt-Fia. 6.—Technomyrmex albipes Mayr, . ;

var, vitiensis Mann, ¢ aile supérieure. yeux aux ocelles. Sillon frontal faible,

natteignant pas tout a fait Tlocelle

médian. Mandibules finement denticulées, lisses avec quelques points épars.

Scape le double plus long que large. Article 2 du funicule aussi large que long.

Article 3 deux fois plus long que large, le 4 moitié plus long que large. La cellule

radiale fermée (Fig. 6) et non comme le dessine Karawaiew pour albipes type.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 3, 18.iv.1924 (Bryan) ; idem, 9.ix.1928 (Swezey and

Wilder) ; Amauli, 5.1x.1923 (Bryan) ; Fagasa, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Manua: Tau, 17.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Malololelei, 7.vii.1925 (Wilder); Apia, 8.v.1925 (Wilder); idem,

©, 3.1924; Vailima, %, 8.v1.1924.

Savai; Safune, 3.v,1924, rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. (Bryan).

FORMICIDAE. 53

22a. Technomyrmex albipes Smith, st. rufescens Santschi (in Witt.).

Upolu: Vaea, 1100 ft., 3, 25.1v.1924 (Bryan).

La description de cette race paraitra avec celle des Iles Fidji, ou elle se

trouve aussl.

23. Tapinoma (Micromyrma) melanocephalum Fabr., v. australis var. n.

Différe du type par ses palpes plus étroits, comme chez la var. malesrana

Forel, a laquelle australis se rapporte, mais elle en différe par la couleur de la

téte plus foncée, le gastre plus clair. Quant au thorax il n’est ordinairement

rembruni que sur |’épinotum.

Tutuila: Leone Road, 18.11.1924 (Bryan) ; Pago Pago, 9.1x.1923; Amauli,

5.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, 13.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

-Savan: Safune, 12.v.1924 (Bryan).

Le type de cette variété est des Nouvelles Hébrides (Buxton). Les

exemplaires des Fidji ont le thorax plus foncé.

FORMICINAE.

24. Anoplolepis longipes Jerdon.

Formica longipes Jerdon, Madras Journ. Intt. and Set., xii, p. 122, 1851, 9.

Tutuila: Leone Road, §, 28.1x.1925 (Judd); Pago Pago, 16.iv.1925 (Bryan) :

Amauli, 6.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Mulifanua, 2, 17.vu.1925 (Wilder); Apia, 9, 7.x.1924; Siumu,

Q, 24.11.1923 (Armstrong).

Manua: Tau, 9, 20.11.1926, ; 17.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savai: Safune, %, 15.vii.1924 (Bryan),; Fagamalo, 9, 18.xi.1925,; Afono

trail, 25.1x.1925.

25. Paratrechina longicornis Latr.

Formica longicorns Latreille, Fourmis, p. 113, 1802.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, iv.1918 (Kellers) ; Leone Road, 19.ii.1925 (Bryan).

Savaii: Safune, 20.v.1924; rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. (Bryan).

Vv. le 4%

54 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

26. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga Forel, v. crassipilis Santschi. (Text-figs.

7b; e,8 d, e.)

(Inhitt., Fourms des Iles Pidyi, syn. P. prenolepis (Nylanderia) vividula Mann, 1921, non Nylander.)

Le type est des iles Fidji. Des exemplaires identiques se retrouvent aux

Samoa: d’autres sont plus petits avec l’escalier du devant du mésonotum plus

atténué, parfois absent. La couleur est aussi un peu plus variable.

Trext-FIG. 7.—Téte des & de Paratrechina (Nylanderia) : (a) vaga For.; (b) v. crassipilis Sants.

exemplaire type des Fidji; (c) v. crassipilis ex. de Samoa, Pago Pago ; (d) obscura Mayr, st.

bismarckensis Forel ; (e) vaga, v. arritans Sants.

Tutuila: Amauli, 6.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Salailua, 17.v.1924

(Bryan); Pago Pago, 18.1v.1924 (Bryan) ; Leone Road, 17.11.1924 (Bryan).

Upolu: Afiamalu, 11.-vu.1924 (Wilder).

Manua: Tau, %, 26.11.1926 (Judd).

Savaii: Safune, low forest, 1000-2000 ft., 1]1.v.1924; Salailua, 20.v.1924

(Bryan).

Variété trés commune aux iles Fidji.

FORMICIDAE. 55

26a. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga Forel, v. irritans, var. n.

(Text-figs. 7 e,

Siac.)

8. Differe de la var. crassvpilis par

sa couleur d’un brun plus ou moins

foncé. Le scape ordinairement plus

clair, roussatre, ainsi que les articula-

tions des pattes. Le devant du méso-

notum est moins, ou pas, élevé sur le

pronotum. La téte plus large, rela-

tivement aussi large que chez P. opaca,

st. bismarckensis, mais plus petite et les

yeux sont plus prés des bords de la téte.

G. Brun roussatre avec le gastre

brunatre. Les valves génitales externes

ont langle interne un peu saillant et

mousse. Les valves internes pas plus

longues que les externes. Voir les

figures.

Savan: Safune, 3 4 types,

13.v.1924; Salailua, ¢, 19.v.1924

(Bryan).

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 9, 4.1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, 26.v.1924 (Bryan) ;

18.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

Malololelei, 2000 ft., 5.x11.1925.

Manua: Tau, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder). La couleur des ¢ de cette

localité passe a celle de crassipilis.

eG, a

TEext-Fic. 8.—Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga

For. var. writans Sants.: (a) armure géni-

tale ¢ vue de derriére; (b) la méme de

céte: (c) thorax de 1%; (d) thorax de l’§

de Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga v. crassi-

pilis Sants. exemplaire type des Fidji:

(e) idem, exemplaire de Pago Pago, Samoa.

27. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) bourbonica Forel, v. bengalensis Forel.

Prenolepis bourbonica race bengalensis Forel, Journ. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc., viii, pp. 406,

407, 1894, 892g.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 3 9, 20.1x.1923; Leone Road, 24.11.1926 ; Amauli,

6.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

56 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

28. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) stigmatica Mann.

Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard Coll., \xii, p. 367, 1919, &.

Upolu: Vailutai, 1 3 mcomplete, 28.1v.1924 (Bryan).

29. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) minutula Forel, st. atoma Forel.

Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin, ii, p. 25, 1901, &.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, %, 24.1x.1925 (Swezey and Wilder).

30. Camponotus (Myrmoturba) irritans Smith, st. chloroticus Emery, v. samoensis

Santschi.

Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus Fabr., st. pallidus S8m., v. samoensis Santschi, Bull. Soc.

Vaud. Sci. Nat., ii, p. 326, 1919, 8.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.1x.1923, nutmeg tree; Amauli, 6.1x.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder); Amauli, 2 9, 17.11.1926 (Judd); Pago Pago, % 9, 9.ix.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, 1.1.1925; Mulifanua, 3, .17.1.1925 (Wilder); Malololelei,

19.v1.1924; Apia, 9, 26.v.1924 (Bryan).

Savai: Safune, 3, 19.v.1925 (Bryan); Tuasivi, 8.vi.1924, under dead

bark (Buxton).

Manua: Ofu, § 9, 21.11.1926 (Judd).

Il y a de légéres variations de couleur entre les exemplaires de diverses

. localités, mais pas assez constants pour étre mentionnées. Le type chloroticus Km.

est de Nouvelle Guinée, il a le gastre concolor avec le thorax selon des individus

recus et déterminés par Mr. Emery.

Se trouve aussi aux iles Fidji et Nouvelles Hébrides.

31. Camponotus (Colobopsis) buxtoni, sp. n. (Text-fig. 9.)

%. Long. 5-5 mm. Noire. Mandibules, scapes, premier article du funicule

jaune roussatre. Reste du funicule et base des fémurs maculés de brunatre.

Bord des segments du gastre d’un jaune plus clair, submat, avec les cotés de la

téte et du pronotum plus luisants. Trés finement réticulé chagriné a tendance

transversale. Gastre finement strié en travers. Des poils assez courts sur la

téte et le bord du gastre, absents ailleurs. Téte plus longue que large, moins

rétrécie devant que chez conithorax Em., les cdtés un peu plus convexes. Les

FORMICIDAR. 57

yeux au quart postérieur, plus saillants devant. Sillon frontal trés imprimé,

un peu plus long que les crétes frontales. Hpistome & caréne trés faible et mousse,

avec quelques fines rides au milieu. Le scape dépasse d’un quart au moins le

bord postérieur de la téte. Thorax un peu plus long que chez conithoraw. Suture

promésonotale plus imprimée. Face

basale de ’épinotum subrectiligne, sur

le méme plan que le mésonotum, A

peine un peu imprimé vers la suture.

Moitié antérieure de la face basale

transversalement convexe, moitié pos-

térieure tectiforme, se terminant en un

cone aussi peu saillant que chez cone- Trxt-rie. 9.-—-Camponotus (Colobopsis) buxtoni

thoraz. Face déclive nullement bordée, Sants.: Profil thoracique et écaille, 9.

verticale en haut et concave vers le bas.

L’écaille est plus haute que longue et conique sur le profil. Elle est bien plus

large que longue, le sommet aminci et arqué transversalement, sans dents.

Cuisses antérieures beaucoup plus épaisses et comprimées que les postérieures.

Appartenant au groupe conicus Mayr, mais différe de cette espéce par son

écaille inerme. L’écaille est plus basse et longue chez conithoraw. Le thorax

plus arrondi chez loa Mann.

Upolu: Malololelei, 1 &, 2000 {t., xi.1924.

32. Camponotus (Colobopsis) conithorax Emery, v. nautarum Santschi.

Bull. Soc. Vaud. Sci. Nat., lu, p. 327, 1919, ¢.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 18.iv.1924 (Bryan).

Upolu: Tuaefu, 16.ix.1923, sliding rock ; Malololelei, 2, 7.viii.1925, v.1924 ;

Apia, 15.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Apia, 26.viii.1924; Vaea, 1100 ft.,

25.iv.1924 (Bryan) ; Upolu Nord, 500 ft., %, 5.xi1.1925.

Savai: Safune, 2.v.1924, rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. ; lower forest, 1000-

2000 ft., 11.v.1924 (Bryan).

Le funicule des exemplaires types et dela 9 de cette variété est noir brunatre

sauf l’article basal, mais dans bien des cas il passe au roux brunatre. Chez la 2

les bandes jaune clair qui bordent les segments du gastre sont beaucoup plus

larges que chez l’ouvriére, le dessus est entiérement jaunatre.

Aucun 21 n’ est représenté dans cette collection ; cela provient probablement

58 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

de ce que ces insectes ont été capturés en petit nombre hors des nids dans lesquels

les 2) restent ordinairement pour remplir leur fonction de gardien-portier.

33. Camponotus (Colobopsis) rufifrons Smith, v. leucopus Emery.

Nova Caledonia, Zool., i, p. 427, 1914, 212 8.

® (non décrite). Correspond comme couleur & la description que donne

Kmery pour le soldat, mais les deux taches du gastre sont & peine indiquées.

L’ épistome et les joues ont de fortes rides longitudinales et un peu convergeantes

dont les deux plus fortes vers le milieu du clypeus. Les ailes sont un peu

enfumées avec les nervures brunes.

Savaii: Safune, rain forest, 2000-4000 ft., 1 2, 4.v.1924 (Bryan).

Upolu: Apia, 1 9, x1.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

EXPLICATION DES FIGURES.

Fie. 1. Vollenhovia agilis Sants., 9. Pédoncule.

» 2. (a) Monomorium minutum v.chinensis Sants.; (b) v. samoanum Sants.: Thorax et pédoncule.

5, 3. (a) Pheidole oceanica Mayr, v. nigriscapa Sants., bord postérieur de la téte ; (b) v. wpoluana

Sants., téte, &.

» 4. Tetramorium tunganum Mayr, &.

,, 5D. Rhopalothrix procera Kim., st. samoana Sants.: (a) téte de la Y; (6) 4 premiers articles de

Vantenne du 3.

», 6. Technomyrmes albipes Mayr, v. vitiensis Mann, ¢ aile supérieure.

. Téte des 3 de Paratrechina (Nylanderia) : (a) vaga For. ; (b) v. crassipilis Sants. exemplaire

type des Fidji; (c) v. crassipilis ex. de Samoa, Pago Pago; (d) obscura Mayr, st.

bismarckensis Forel; (e) vaga, v. writans Sants.

5, 8. Paratrechina (Nylanderia) vaga For. var. irritans Sants.: (a) armure génitale 3 vue de

derriére ; (b) la méme de cété; (c) thorax de 19; (d) thorax de ?$ de Paratrechina

(Nylanderia) vaga v. crassipilis Sants., exemplaire type des Fidji; (e) idem, exemplaire

de Pago Pago, Samoa.

»» 9. Camponotus (Colobopsis) buatoni Sants.: Profil thoracique et écaille, 9.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY

ILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED

_ LONDON AND BECCLES

—~.,

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

ARTHROPODA

PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT -— _

Part {. Orthoptera and Dermaptera.

»» II. Hemiptera.

». III. Lepidoptera.

» LV. Coleoptera.

» . Hymenoptera.

VI. Diptera.

.» WII. Other Orders of Insects.

» VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than Insects.

The work will be published at intervals in the form of numbered fascicles.

Although individual fascicles may contain contributions by more than one

author, each fascicle will be so arranged as to form an integral portion of one or

other of the Parts specified above.

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