List of Fascicles issued to 27th February, 1932 re — OP

Part IV. CoLeopTera.

Fasc. |. Carabide. By H. E. ioe 9 Eee Dyce i Me

Zimmermann. 2 text-figures. a6 linide. By M. Cameron, MB. 2 text-

figures. Hydrophilide. By A. d’Cre

Fasc, 2. Heteromera, Bostrychoidea, Malacodermata and Buprestide. By K. Gi

Blair, B.Sc. 14 text-figures. Elateride. By van Zwaluwenbere, 10 59

text-f ures. ee Neguraaee By E. Fleutiaux.. _Cerambycide.. Ay Ma a eta

late. cat ide. By R. Kleine. 4 text-figures. Eiuienete ees

ee ida. Kar ordan, Ph.D. 11 text-figures. Proterhinide. Oh

is 2th oe 1928,

* Brd Febraary, 192

Fasc. 4. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. By C. ‘F, c Beeson, DSc.” es) text-

Chr. oye a

Cae Berkine De. “RS. Pp. 67-174. 1928, 4to. Beir

Fasc. 3. Throscide. By K. G: Blair, B'Se. 1. text-figure, Cheysomlide,

By S. Maulik, M.A. 18 text-figures. Pp. 175-215 ~ 1929, to. 2s. 6d.

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d. :

Fasc. 5. Curculionidae. By Sir Guy Marshall G M. c D. ae E. RS, 3! a \ 2 5 h Apri i 1 9 3

figures. Pp. 249-346. 1931, Ato. Ds.

Part V. HYMENOPTERA. © 1 a

Fase. 1. Apoidea, | Sphecoidea, and Vespeiden By R Cc 1 Perkins Dse. Besa " a

F.R.S., an velyn Cheesman, F.ES., F.ZS. 12 text-fi Fidins Gow eyo nad

By Francis X. Williams. 12 text-feures. Formicide. ne a Bantschi. CHG Ee Oe SECON SR aa

i 25th February,

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Part VI. Dirrera. i

Ve vf

Fasc. 1. Streblide_and Nycteribiide. By | L. iy ate 7 text- igus, Hh jppo- ee aly, 1927

| Bird June, 1928.

Fas-. af ce Tee and eos By Gertrude Ricsedo, ee a

boscida. By G.F. Ferris. 6 text-figures. Pp. 1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Tyee ie ao . W. Edwards, M.A. Wtext-f ures. Cecidomyiine.

By Barnes, B A text-figures. Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. 5s.

figures. Larve of Stratiomyiude. Buxton, M.A. — 2 text-figures

Dalichapodide. By C. G. Lamb Poh! '8 text-figures. Sarcophagid. By

A. Bux Ae

Pp. 109-175, "1929, Ato, 5s.

- Fasc. 4. Empididae and Pipunculidae. By iy E. Collin. Vv] Re ‘a

Syrphidae. By Frank M. Hull. 2 tet euros. -Clustidae (Hleeeran ene ‘f

and PA es By J. R. Malloch. 6 text-figures. rie 177-213. 1929, ;

4to.

Fasc. 5. Ortalidae. By J. R. Malloch. a text-figures. Calliphoridae. By :

J. R. Malloch. Pp. 215-237. 1930, 4to.

text-figures. Pp. 239-251. 1930, 4to. Is.

Fasc. 7. Trypetidae. By J.R. Malloch. 4 coeleeure Po. 253-266. 1931, 4to. Is.

Part VII. OtuHer Orpers oF INSECTS.

Fasc. 1. Isoptera: a ee ae Gerald F. Lill. 14 text-figures. ands SRG ORL ae

, 28th May, 1927.

piate. onata. By Lt.-Col.

raser, |.MS., F.E.S. 5. text-fizures.

Pp. 1-44. 1927, 4to. 2s, 6d.

Fase. 2. Plectoptera. ne Hah J Tillyard SoD. D. (Cant), ERS, and J. A,

Lestages 2 text-figu RSE onaptera.

By Richard S. be F. R

2s. 6d.

Buxton Trichoptera.. By Martin osely. . | figure.

Nee By P Esben-Petersen. 1 text-fioure and 2 plates. ‘Apterygota.

By George H. Carpenter, DSc. 32text-figures. Pp.77-116. 1928. 4to. 2s, 6d.

Fasc. 4. Psocoptera. By Dr. Wy a) ae Kary. 8 text-figures. Pp. 117-129.

As.

Part VIII. Teper aviepeaae OTHER THAN ve

Fase. 1. Isopeda_Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, DSa.'2 dleten) a é

pionoidea, By uxton, M.A. Pseudo-scorpiones. By A. Kastner. May ae

ah Acarina. By Stanley. Hirst, 2 text-figures. Pp. Nie 1927,

to . Od.

Fasc, 2. Nisooeden (Myriopoda). By C. Attems. 4 text- figures. Araignées —

(Araneida). By Dr. Lucien Berland. He ae Tees Pp. 29-78, 1929. Ato. 2s. 6d.

Parr IX. Summary AND INDEX.

Fasc. 1. Description of the Environment. By P. A. Buxton, MR.C S. eae

text-figures and 6 plates. Pp. 1-31. 1930, 4to. a éd. ja

ymont. | text-figure. Clavicornia and

Lamellicornia. By G. J. Arrow. 13 text-fhigures, Pp. 1-66. 1927, 4to. : si

9 text-igures. Muscide. By JOR. “Malloch. i Mas, 1929,

FLS. 61 ata 45-76. 16,1199 Ee

ae : NG MAG ad

ex es. p. On iia oe

be Burton, LA ree Waterton, DSc. 2 textures. Anoplura, Daa ae canve valine)

‘ih ue 1928,

ae ai Febuary, 1932.

xs Date Ise, ae

190 Dent 1907 ae

22nd June, 192: .

2th Pe em, a Ht

; 22nd March, 1930,

Fasc. 6. Lonchaeidae, Chloropidae and Piophilidae. By J. R. Malloch. S, 2 In ft Novenben 1930.

28th November, 1931.

AGRI MEN ike itis ata a?

tae deat

Bed July, 1927.

| 2nd June, 1929,

Oya WING A es

A {ry

Ay OG arom toy

iy ope

| he

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY) 2 gee Lee ee

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

: ARTHROPODA :

i PART VIII. TERRESTRIAL

_ ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS

FASC. I. Pp. 1-27

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA

_ By HAROLD G. JACKSON, D.Sc.

| SCORPIONOIDEA

By P. A. BUXTON, M.A.

PSEUDOSCORPIONES

By A. KASTNER

AND

ACARINA

By STANLEY HIRST

2 WITH TWO PLATES AND THIRTEEN TEXT-FIGURES

LONDON:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM

SOLD AT

Tee British Museum (Narurau History), Cromwrcy Roan, S.W.7

AND BY

B. Quarries, Lrp.; Dotav & Co., Lrp,; Tae Oxrorp University Press; anp

Waewtpon & Westery, Lrp., Lonpon; atso sy Oniver & Born, Hpmsurex

1927

Tasued 23 July, 1927.) : {Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

ARTHROPODA

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be

expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification

due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence.

In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits —

directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British

Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, m 1924-1925, by

Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine tc the South Pacific.

Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies

_as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups

concerned in both the British Museum (Natural-History) and (by courtesy of

the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It is not intended that contributors to the text shall be confined to the —

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the

leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained.

The work will be divided into eight “‘ Parts’’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), which

will be subdivided into “Fascicles.” Each of the latter, which will appear as

ready in any order, will consist of one or more contributions. On the

completion of the work it is intended to issue a general survey, summarising

the whole and drawing from it such conclusions as may be warranted.

E. E. AUSTEN;

Keeper of Entomology.

British Museum (Naturat History),

CroMwELt Roap, S.W.7.

“ISH Mug

-@ SE

« Un

INSECTS OF SAMOA

Part VIII.

TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS

Asc

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA

By Harotp G. Jackson, D.Sc., Birkbeck College, University of London

(With 2 Plates)

1. INTRODUCTORY

Up to the present two genera (including four species) of Woodlice have been

recorded from the Samoan Islands. The small collection described below,

which has been put into my hands by the kindness of Dr. P. A. Buxton, enables

me to add four new records and a new species. I have taken the opportunity —

to figure and redescribe two of the old species which were only briefly described,

without figures, by Budde-Lund. The collection of the Bishop Museum, Hono-

lulu, has been placed at my disposal in addition to the collection of Buxton

and Hopkins, but, as it consists entirely of dried specimens, it is of little value

except for the bare recording of well-known species.

The following Woodlice have been already recorded from the Samoan

Islands, all by Budde-Lund (1885) :

Paraphiloscia gracilis (B.1.).

Spherillo erinaceus B.L.

» montwagus B.L.

» testudinalis B.L.

Of these, Paraphiloscia gracilis (B.L.) and Spherillo testudinalis B.L. are

represented in the present collection.

The undermentioned species are recorded for the first time :

Rhyscotus ortonedae B.L.

Alloniscus brevis B.L.

Ingia exotica Roux.

»» perkinsi (Dollfus).

Spherillo sprcatus, sp. n.

vin. 1 1

4p.

2 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

2. DISTRIBUTION

The most remarkable feature of the Woodlice of the Pacific Islands is the

great preponderance of members of Budde-Lund’s sub-family SPHERILLONINAE.

This sub-family was established (1904) on three characters, namely, the form

of the bristles on the inner endite of the maxillula, the molariform lacinia mobilis

of the mandible and the position of the eyes on the lateral margin of the head.

Only the first of these characters stands examination.

Wahrberg (1922) has pointed out that the molariform type of mandible

is also found in Cubaris, and that a Spherillo deprived of the inner endite of its

maxillula is indistinguishable from a Cubaris. The eye character is so variable

that it is valueless. No other common character can be found.

Budde-Lund, therefore, in reality founded this sub-family on a single

character, being evidently impressed by the fact that the forms possessing it

were restricted to a definite area.

A character which divorces genera so obviously related as Spherillo and

Cubaris, and makes such strange bedfellows as Paraphiloscia and Spheriilo can

have no taxonomic value, but its relation to the distribution of these forms

presents a fascinating problem. Very few forms with slender penicilli on the

maxillula live within the area of the Pacific and Indian Oceans, and very few

with stumpy penicilli outside it. Of the latter, I know only Philoscia (Benthana)

minima (Dolf.), of Spain and Portugal, although others may exist. It seems

therefore to be a character of the same order as melanism in the races of man

established in hot climates, which may possibly be due to some environmental

influence, but is not fundamental enough to separate otherwise closely related

forms by the relatively wide gap of a sub-family. Paraphiloscia, for example,

is obviously in every respect a typical “* Philoscia”’ and should have no more

than sub-generic rank, and Spherillo is a genus, as Wahrberg pointed out, which

stands naturally by the side of Cubaris in the ARMADILLIDIINAE.

There seems therefore no justification for retaining the sub-family

SPHERILLONINAE, and in any rational classification of the Terrestrial Isopods

one must assume that this particular form of maxillula has arisen independently

more than once.

The four species outside the “‘ SPHERILLONINAE,” which are recorded here,

include Ligia exotica and Alloniscus brevis, which are already known to be

widely distributed in the Pacific. A single Rhyscotus was found, which I was

unable to distinguish in any respect from R. ortonedae of Ecuador. This distri-

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA. 3

bution is remarkable, but when one takes into account how little is known of

this peculiar genus, and that the Crustacean fauna of the west coast of South

America is closely linked with the Southern Pacific fauna, one hesitates to

commit oneself to any definite statement about it.

The occurrence of Ligia perkinsi on Namua is much more remarkable. It

is unnecessary to deal with the past history of this species, since I have done so

in a recent paper (1927). Up to the discovery of this material (1 3 and 2 Q)

“on rocks on shore,” it has been assumed that L. perkinsi is a terrestrial and

mountain form peculiar to the Hawaiian Islands. Its claim to that distinction

must be disallowed, although I have reason to believe that it will be found at

high altitudes in Samoa as well as on the shore. Four explanations might be

brought forward to account for this distribution. (1) L. perkinsi is a widely

spread but uncommon form on the Pacific Islands, and is yet to be recorded from

other localities ; (2) it is a growth, non-breeding or other stage, of L. exotica ;

(3) it has arisen independently in the two localities ; (4) it has been transported

by human agency.

Of these possibilities the two last may be dismissed as improbable. It

should be possible, by the examination of a large number of specimens of L. exotica

of all sizes, to test the second. As a matter of fact no “ perkinsi”’ stage was

present among the abundant material examined by me, and the specimens of

L. perkinsi that I have seen have every indication of maturity ; the male also

of L. perkinsi is larger than many males of L. exotica, which already possess

the characteristic process on the propos of the first leg. On the available

evidence, therefore, I feel bound to conclude that L. perkinsi is a distinct species,

and that the explanation of its occurrence here is the first one stated above.

3. DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL

Family : ONISCIDAE.

Sub-family : ARMADILLIDIINAE.

1. Spherillo testudinalis B.L.

(Plate IT, figs. 26-29.)

Synonymy in Budde-Lund (1908).

Spherillo testudinalis, Searle (1914).

Occurrence.—Apia, Upolu Island, v.1924, and “ under stones,” 11.1925. The

4 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

following records are from the Bishop Museum material. Tutuila, 900 ft.

(Kellers) iv.1918 ; Tau, 20.11.1926, and Ofu, 27.11.1926, Manua (Judd).

Remarks.—Redescribed by Budde-Lund in 1908, and well figured.

Searle adds nothing to this description, but confirms Budde-Lund’s con-

jecture that Cubaris pacifica, Borradaile, is synonymous with this species.

Since the characteristic notch on the first somite for the reception of the second

somite when rolled up is not well shown or described, I figure it, with the mouth-

parts. The brood pouch of the female is as described under S. spicatus below.

The species is very widely distributed in the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

2. Spherillo spicatus, sp. n.

(Plate I, figs. 1-21; Plate II, fig. 25.)

Male and female specimens examined.

Length, 3 8mm., 9 10mm.; breadth, 3 4mm., 2 5 mm.

Shape, oblong-oval. Surface smooth, produced into great spines.

Head.*—Kyes small, about 12 ocelli, convex, well within marginal line.

Frontal Ime drawn vertically upwards at each side, to form pointed ear-like

lateral lobes. Occiput provided with transverse row of four long spines.

Occipital groove covered by carapace fold. Marginal line forms hind margin

of head and runs beneath eye, where it becomes flattened out and merged with

edge of frontal shield. Frontal line strongly raised into ridge much surpassing

vertex. Profrons forms with postfrons wide shield. Frontal area slightly

convex in centre, bounded laterally by thick margin, which probably repre-

sents antennary tubercle fused with frontal shield. Frontal lamina obscure in

middle ; antennary socket well set out from face, and provided ventrally with

rounded tubercle. Clypeus not protruded far from face; lobes long, narrow

and pointed. Labrum membranous. Gena deeply excavated under marginal

line, so that eye projects laterally on shelf ; produced downwards beneath genal

fossa, lower than mandible ; genal fossa and groove shallow.

Thorax.—I. Collar line double, turning forward at each side almost at right

angles, so that two sides are nearly parallel, hind edge slightly convex ; posterior

margin curved forwards, posterolateral angles rectangular, lateral margin thin

* The nomenclature employed is that proposed by the author in “ The Morphology of the

Isopod Head ” (1926). Several points in this and the following descriptions are common to other

genera of the same type, but as the application of the above paper to other Terrestrial Isopods

is not yet published, they are given in full.

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA. 5

and turned up, posterolateral margin grooved ; 7 spines (6 in posterior row, 1

anterior and median). The anterolateral edge of each succeeding somite is

deeply cut away, so that III, IV and V terminate laterally in an acute point,

VI and VII in an obtuse point. Eight spines in transverse row on each ; lateral

spines of each row on coxal plate and directed outwards. Pronotum about

z of dorsal surface; articulating area reaching to lateral margin of somite.

Somite II has small internal anterior articulating process.

Abdomen.—I, completely covered by last thoracic; II, very narrow ;

epimera of III, IV and V drawn diagonally back, their inner edges in V are

almost parallel, each has lateral spine and IV and V have a median spine; telson

broader than long, coarctate, posterior border curved but more or less rectangular

with sides, long median spine.

Appendages.—Antennula minute, segments subequal.

Antenna.—Moderately stout ; proportions to body, 3 42, 2 7%, fifth segment

longer than flagellum, which is biarticulate, proximal segment } distal, which

has terminal bristle, no carimae, grooves nor spines.

Mandibles.—Right with small flat lacinia mobilis, three penicilli between

it and setose plume; left with powerful molariform lacinia mobilis and three

penicilli (1 free, 2 on setose pad) between it and setose plume.

Maallula, maxilla and macillipede typical of the genus.

Pleopoda.—General form shown in figures. 1st exopod absent in female,

tracheae in 2nd and 3rd and rudimentary tracheae in 4th ; in male, tracheae in

ist and 2nd.

Uropod.—Protopod broad, narrowing posteriorly, fold-lke cover over base

of exopod; exopod comparatively long, considerably surpassing protopod ;

endopod nearly as long as telson, carina on dorsal side, reaching about as far

back as tip of exopod, tipped with two stout bristles.

Colour (in spirit).—Yellow mottled with violet-brown ; on each side of mid-

line heavier bands of pigment; abdomen and telson more heavily pigmented.

Head and limbs lightly pigmented.

Occurrence.—Malololelei, Upolu, 2000 ft. 25.iv., and vi.1924; the species

was common, on rocks on the ground and on tree-trunks, in rain forest.

Type in British Museum (Natural History).

Remarks.—The thoracic sterna in the pregnant mother are entirely mem-

branous from the first to the fifth somites, and the integument in the pouch is

prolonged into long, hollow, finger-like processes, which lie, like packing, between

6 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

the embryos. The sterna of the last two somites are easily separable in the

mid-line. The spines are longer and more slender in the male than in the female.

The above species takes its place with the other spiny species of Spherillo

previously described, but is clearly distinct from them. S. erinaceus, which

has been recorded from Upolu, differs from it entirely in the arrangement of the

spines, the telson, the colour and other smaller points.

3. Spherillo erinaceus B.L.

Distribution.—* Island Upolu ” (Budde-Lund).

4. Spherillo montivagus B.L.

Distribution.—* Australia. Several specimens have been taken in some

of the Australian Islands: Upolu; Samoa; Ninafoon, three specimens from

the intestines of Megapodius Prellchardi: Ruk”’ (Budde-Lund, 1904).*

Neither of these species is represented in the present collections: both

were recorded by Budde-Lund from the island of Upolu.

Sub-family : Ruyscorrnae.

5. Rhyscotus ortonedae B.L.

One specimen was found at Apia, Upolu, 30.vi.1925. The species was

described and figured by Budde-Lund in 1908. The type locality is Ecuador,

but members of this genus are very small and easily elude observation, and the

distribution will probably prove to be more extensive than is at present known.

A species occurring in the Galapagos Islands has been described by Van Name

(1924) under the name R. laxus, which I am unable to distinguish from this

species by the description, and may easily prove to be synonymous with it.

Sub-family : ONISCINAE.

6. Alloniscus brevis B.L.

Budde-Lund, 1885, p. 226 ; 1908, p. 298.

(Plate II, figs. 30-37.)

Male and female specimens examined.

Length, 3 8mm., 2 8mm.; breadth, 3 4mm., 2 4:5 mm.

* The island is doubtless Niuafoou, an outlier of Tonga ; and the bird is M. pritchardi, Gray.—

P. A. Buxton.

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA. 7

Shape, oblong-oval. Surface smooth, but covered with prominent scales

in transverse rows.

Head.—Kyes moderate, about 22 large ocelli. Lateral lobes form prominent

tubercle in front of eyes. Median lobe indicated by bulbous triangular projec-

tion from frontal area. Occipital groove covered above by carapace fold.

Marginal line forms hind margin of head, continuous beneath eyes, running

forwards and downwards under antennal socket. Antennary tubercles indis-

tinctly indicated. Frontal line indicated by slightly raised line, on which is

a row of small tubercles. Profrons shghtly bulbous medianly, coarsely tuber-

culated and pigmented. Supraantennal line linear between antennal sockets,

fused with their upper border, joining marginal line on each side. Postfrons

bulbous, with granular surface, free from pigment. Frontal lamina not distinctly

demarcated from postfrons ; antennary sockets not prominent and defined above

by supraantennal line. Clypeus not very protuberant, lateral processes long but

narrow, not attaining to gena. Gena extensive, not marked by fossa or groove.

Thorax.—F rst tergite, hind border curved forwards ; first to third tergites

not sinuate ; VI and VII sinuate, posterolateral angles far drawn back but not

sharply; coxal plates marked by deep grooves on II, HI and IV in female

only. Collar line single.

Abdomen.—Not abruptly contracted ; III, IV and V postero-lateral angles

well drawn back, inner edges of epimera parallel in V and nearly so in others,

drawn back as far as, or only slightly less than, tip of telson. Telson nearly

twice as wide as long, triangulate, sides nearly linear, obtusely acuminate,

sulcate at tip.

Appendages.—Antennula minute, terminal bunches of bristles.

Antenna.—Setose, no spinous processes, moderately stout ; flagellum equal

in length to 5th segment, triarticulate, segments equal. Proportions to body,

Mandibles.—Right, toothed lacinia, two stout, very setose penicilli (1 free,

1 on setose pad) ; left, powerful toothed lacinia, three stout, very setose penicilli

(1 free, 2 on setose pad).

Maaillula—Outer endite 5+-4, all simple: inner endite, 2 moderately short

brushes, terminal long single bristle.

Mazxilla.—-Both endites very hairy.

Mazxillipede.—Endopod short and stout, dense brushes of bristles at a, b

and c; endite very setose ; base densely covered with curved bristles.

8 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Peraeopoda.—Meros and carpos richly supplied on inner side with large

bristles on Ist to 6th legs in male. Less spiny in female.

Pleopoda.—Penes stout and short, with outward turned points; exopods

large and membranous, with expanded lateral branchial portion sharply separated

from rest ; stout spines on margin in male.

Uropod.—Protopod massive, hardly longer than telson, well-marked inner

portion bearing endopod ; exopod conical and short, little longer than protopod ;

endopod short, reaching about one-third up exopod, with terminal bristles.

Colour.—On mid-line and over coxal plates a stripe of slaty grey; on

each side of mid-line and on coxal plates, yellow mottling ; under surface and

appendages white with only very sparse pigment.

Distribution.—** Indes’ ; Comoro Island (Indian Ocean).

Occurrence.—Tutuila, Leone Road (Judd), 29.11.1926 ; Upolu, Apia (Wilder)

1.ix.1925. (Both from Bishop Museum collection.)

Remarks.—This species is doubtfully separable from A. oahuensis B.L.,

which differs from it hardly at all except in breadth and tip of telson. If the

species are identical, and of general distribution in these oceans, the above

name, which dates from 1879, has priority and, in spite of its local application,

must be preferred.

7. Paraphiloscia gracilis (B.L.).

Phailoscia gracilis B.L. (1885), p. 220.

Pseudophiloscia gracilis B.L. (1904), p. 42; B.L. (1912), p. 372.

(Plate II, figs. 38-49.)

Male and female specimens examined.

Length, $ 6 mm., 2 8:5 mm.; breadth, ¢ 3 mm., 9 4 mm.

Shape.—Narrow elongate oval. Surface——Very smooth and shining, scales

very minute, with distinct bloom (spirit specimens).

Head.—Kyes moderate, 23-25 ocelli, laterally placed. Lateral lobes

absent. Median lobe absent. Occipital groove hidden dorsally by carapace

fold. Postorbital pits absent. Marginal line reaches posterodorsal margin of

head, runs forward under eye and down to join supraantennal line. Antennary

tubercle not developed. Frontal line absent, but front of head is bulged out

where it is usually found, and seen from above its outline is evident. Profrons

continuous with vertex. Supraantennal line low, slightly curved downwards

between antennal sockets, fused with upper border of sockets, laterally becoming

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA. i)

free and joing marginal line. Postfrons very restricted by low supraantennal

line. Frontal lamina not distinctly demarcated from postfrons in mid-line ;

antennary sockets not prominent and masked above by supraantennal line.

Clypeus protuberant, distinctly marked off by groove from face, lateral pro-

cesses nearly as wide as clypeus and very long, completely separating frontal

lamina from upper margin of mandible. Gena extensive and not marked by

fossa or groove, extending forwards laterally to meet lateral processes and

form a sort of tubercle.

Thorax.—Hind borders of first four somites transverse, fifth and sixth very

slightly curved, seventh slightly smuate. Groove on lateral edge of each defines

inner margin of pore field, in which cutaneous glands open. Collar line single.

Abdomen.—Very abruptly contracted, rather convex. Hind margin of

each segment transverse and straight. Second only a little less wide than the

others. Hach segment provided with small, sharp, little drawn back, postero-

lateral processes. Telson free laterally from last somite, broader than long,

hind margin triangulate, more or less straight sides, point little drawn out but

acute, slightly sulcate at tip.

Appendages.—Antennula moderate ; third segment rather long and slender.

Antenna.—Long and slender, no spines and barely setose ; flagellum equals

fifth segment, triarticulate, proximal segment equals combined distal ones, which

are short, second longer than third, which has long fine terminal bristle as long

as second. Proportions to body, 3 *°, 2 2%.

Mandibles—Right with strong incisor process, lacinia mobilis unchitinised

but broad and strong, two penicilli between it and large branched setose plume ;

left with strong incisor process, lacinia mobilis chitinised and massive, three

penicilli (2 on setose pad, 1 free) between it and large branched setose plume.

Maaillula—Outer endite 4+-5, all simple: inner endite without terminal

spine ; plumes short, broad and bushy.

Mazxilla.—Narrow, constricted at base ; inner endite moderately small and

setose.

Maxillipede.—Endopod small and scarcely longer than endite, close bunches

of many bristles at a and b, a few small bristles at c; endite densely setose at

distal end.

Peraeopoda.—Propodus long and very slender, but otherwise without very

distinctive characters.

Pleopoda.—3, U1, postero-medial border of exopod greatly drawn out, III

10 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

and IV less drawn out, V very acute ; endopod of II filiform, reaching as far as

most posterior point of V in mature specimen: 9, I, very deeply incised laterally,

V with short but acute postero-medial angle.

Uropod.—Protopod not overlapped by telson, deeply grooved laterally ;

exopod slender and conical, about twice as long as base; endopod long and

very compressed laterally, tip reaches about halfway up exopod, actual length

2 exopod.

Colour (in spirit).—Violet-brown, speckled on a golden yellow ground ;

mid-line almost free from pigment; fifth trunk somite a nearly uniform dark

brown, giving the whole animal a striking appearance; dark brown stripes

down each side of abdomen ; on each side of seventh trunk segment on posterior

border, a triangular white patch. Under surface pale, lightly mottled with

brown.

Distribution.—* Insula ‘ Upolu’ ” (B.L.).

Occurrence.—Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 2000 ft., vi.1924. The following

records are from the Bishop Museum material: Tutuila, 900 ft. (Kellers),

iv.1918; Ofu, Manua (Judd), 27.11.1926; Savaii, Safune (Bryan), 8.v.1924,

Rain forest, 2000-4000 ft. ; Savaii, Salailua (Bryan), 23.v.1924.

Remarks.—The above description differs from that of Budde-Lund (1885,

p. 220) as regards the form of the telson, which is there described as “ apice

obtusiore,’ while I describe it as acute. Budde-Lund’s description was drawn

up from a single specimen and is therefore open to doubt, since the tip of the

telson easily becomes turned down so as to appear obtuse. The telsons of the

allied species P. lateralis, P. angustissima and P. brevicornis, described by him

as “late rotundatum,” “ post obtusior,’ and “* post rotundate triangulum ”

respectively, are undoubtedly “acute,” so that Budde-Lund’s method of

examination is open to suspicion. I am quite confident, therefore, that the

specimens I describe from the type locality are Budde-Lund’s P. gracilis.

Note on the Genus Paraphiloscia Stebbing, 1900.

In his revision of the sub-family Spherilloninae (1904) Budde-Lund created the genus

Pseudophiloscia to contain his Philoscia gracilis and Ph. fragilis. In a posthumous paper edited

by Stebbing (1912) he suggests that Paraphiloscia stenosoma Stebbing (1900) belongs to the same

genus, an opinion in which Stebbing, in a footnote, concurs. Stebbing, however, also points

out that the name of his own genus Paraphiloscia (1900) must take priority over Budde-Lund’s

Pseudophiloscia (1904), and in agreement with this I here employ Stebbing’s name instead of

Budde-Lund’s. In 1908 Verhoeff founded a new genus, which he christened Paraphiloscia, for

Ph. pyrenaica Doll., Ph. squamuligera Kélb, and Ph. apenninorum, Verh. Verhoefi’s name, how-

ever, is obviously a homonym of Stebbing’s genus and must be abandoned.

ISOPODA TERRESTRIA. 11

Family: LIGIIDAE.

8. Ligia exotica Roux.

This Isopod is very widely distributed on the shores of warmer seas (and

even occasionally inland), and it is only surprising that it has not previously been

recorded from Samoa. The specimens referred to here are from the Bishop

Museum collection : Tutuila, Leone Road (Judd), 29.ix.1926.

9. Ligia perkinsi (Dollfus).

(Plate I, figs. 22-24.)

The distribution of this form is dealt with at the outset of this paper. I

figure here the mandibles and the outer endite of the maxillula, to illustrate the

point alluded to by me in a previous paper (1927).

Distribution. Hawaiian Islands, Kauai, 6000 ft., Oloa, 2000 ft.

Occurrence.—Namua Island, Samoa. On rocks on shore, xi.1924.

REFERENCES.

Buppe-Lunp, G. : . 1885. Crustacea Isopoda Terrestria. (Copenhagen.)

Fh ; . 1904. A revision of Crustacea Isop. Terr. 2. Spherilloninae.

3. Armadillo. (Copenhagen.)

3 ; . 1908. Isopoda von Madagaskar u. Ostafrika mit Diagnosen

verwandter Arten. In: Voeltzkow. Reise in Ostafrika in den

Jahren 1903-1905, Bd. IL. (Stuttgart), pp. 263-308, Taf. xii—

XViil.

: . 1912. Terrestrial Isopoda ... Southern Indo-Pacific Species :

Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., ser. 2., Zool. XV., pp. 367-394, Pls.

20-22.

Jackson, H.G. . . . 1926. The Morphology of the Isopod Head. Proc. Zool. Soc.

Lond., pp. 885-911, Pls. I-IV, and text-figs.

Pe 5 : . 1927. A new sub-genus of Ligia, with further observations on

the genus: Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 9, XTX, pp. 129-136, 1 pl.

SEARLE, H. Ricwarpson . 1914. Reports on the Scientific Results of the Expedition to the

Tropical Pacific ...on the... Albatross . . . 1899-1900

and 1904-1905. Isopoda. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. Harvard,

LVIII, No. 8, pp. 361-372. Text-figs.

Waureerc, R. . : . 1922. Terrestre Isopoden aus Australien: Arkiv. f. Zool.,

XV, No. 1 (Stockholm), pp. 1-298, and text-figs.

Van Name, W. C. . . 1924. Isopods from the Willams Galapagos Expedition: Zoo-

logica (New York), 5, pp. 181-210, 12 pls.

BRIT. MUS. (NAT. HIST.). ‘

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PART VIII.

SPHERILLO spicaTus (1-21):

INSECTS OF SAMOA.

LATE tf.

[Lo face p. 12.

LIGIA PERKINSI (22-24).

CHAAARY Ye

PLATE I.

Spherillo spicatus, sp. u., and Ligia perkinst.

bed

+ Spherillo sprcatus.

. Lagia perkinsi.

Female seen from right side.

’ Head of male from front.

Fe a », right side.

lst somite, anterodorsal view of tergite.

Telson from above.

Right mandible.

Left 3

Maxillula, outer endite. °

x inner endite.

Maxilla.

Maxillipede.

Ist pleopod, g, exopod.

“5 ,, tip of endopod.

ms ,» exopod and endopod.

= ,. exopod.

2nd

ord

4th

5th 29 29 ye)

2nd pleopod, 2, exopod.

ord

4th

5th

33 39 +B)

29 33 3

32 29 >

39 39 29

Left mandible.

Right

Maxillula, outer endite.

BRIT. MUS. (NAT. HIST.). ‘ INSECTS OF SAMOA.

H.G.J.del.

PART VIII. PLATE lI.

[To face p. 12.

SPHERILLO SPICATUS (1-21): LIGIA PERKINSI (22-24),

BRIT. MUS. (NAT. HIST INSECTS OF SAMOA

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HG J.del.

PART VII). PLATE. tl.

SPHERILLO SPICATUS (25): §. TESTUDINALIS (26-29): ALLONISCUS

BREVIS (30-37): PARAPHILOSCIA GRACILIS (38-49),

PLATE II.

Spherillo spicatus and S. testudinalis ; Alloniscus brevis ; Paraphiloscia gracilis.

Fig. 25. Spherillo spicatus. Left uropod from above.

», 26. Spherillo testudinalis. Left mandible.

ale 5 nN Maxilla,

Sprao’ y is Maxillipede.

p29: a = 1st and 2nd thoracic tergites from side.

,, 30. Alloniscus brevis. Antennula. ;

eel A 4 Antenna.

Sn SOPs it a Maxilla.

ASO ss a Maxillipede.

wy ons S ay Posterior somites of abdomen and telson.

SOON 2 133 FA Pleopoda and uropoda of male from below.

3 OG: ss Pleopoda of female from below.

pp elo a % Right mandible.

,, 38. Paraphiloscia gracilis. Antennula.

a Oe a m Right mandible.

55 AO: % 5 Left mandible.

manele Ks 3 Maxillula, outer endite.

» 42. be a bs inner endite.

ny, CB Be 5 Maxillipede.

ade ui - Telson.

35 4D: Sota ie Left uropod from above.

es - a ist pleopod, 3, tip of endopod.

Pre Sle us - Pleopoda, 3, exopods from below.

» 48. 95 3 Pleopoda, 9, exopods from below.

» 49. %9 5, Antepna.

BRIT. MUS. (NAT. HIST.). INSECTS OF SAMOA.

HG J.del.

PART VII). PLATE ll.

[To face p. 12.

SPHERILLO SPICATUS (25): S. TESTUDINALIS (26-29): ALLONISCUS

BREVIS (30-87): PARAPHILOSCIA GRACILIS (38-49).

SCORPIONOIDEA

By P. A. Buxton, M.A., London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine:

THE specimens of scorpions, which were collected by Mr. Hopkins and myself,

had been determined by Mr. A. 8. Hirst when the state of his health necessitated

his abandoning his work at the British Museum. As he was prevented from

writing an article, I have collected the facts which are here presented. It appears.

that the only two species of scorpion which were obtained in Samoa, are widely

distributed in the South Pacific ; we do not know whether they have recently

been spread by European ships, or by the earlier voyages of the Pclynesians.

Possibly they have crossed the Ocean by natural means, as specimens of both

species occur under the bark of dead trees. We never heard of anyone being

stung by either.

Mr. Hirst’s identifications are as follows :

1. Isometrus maculatus Geer.

Several specimens, from Apia, and its neighbourhood, 1924.

2. Harmurus australasiae (Fabr.).

A number of specimens, from various altitudes in Upolu from sea-level to:

nearly 2000 ft. at Malololelei; a specimen from the Ellice Islands (O’Connor,

1920). In Samoa this is the commoner of the two species. It was collected in

Samoa in 1905 by Rechinger (see Kulezynski, Denkschr. Math.—Naturwiss.

Klasse K. Akad. Wissensch. (Wien), 85. Bd., p. 411, 1910).

PSEUDOSCORPIONES

Von A. Kastner, Leipzig

(Mit 11 Figuren)

Herr P. A. Buxton iibergab mir sechs Exemplare von Pseudoskorpionen, die er

auf Samoa gesammelt hatte, zur Bestimmung. Sie gehdren vier Arten an, von

denen zwei bisher unbekannt waren.

Subordo: PANCTENODACTYLI Balzan.

Familie : CHIRIDIIDAE.

1. Cheiridium ferum Simon.

1 Exemplar, 9, vi.1925, Apia, Upolu, Samoa Is. Diese Art war bis 1912

nur aus Europa und zwar Italien, Frankreich und der Siidschweiz bekannt.

Ellingsen fand sie zu seiner Uberraschung 1912 in siidafrikanischem Material.

Wir konnen nun als weiteren aussereuropéischen Fundort Samoa _ hinzutfiigen.

Hs ist diese weite Verbreitung der Art sehr auffallend, da sie im Gegensatz zum

nahe verwandten Cheiridium museorum Leach nicht in der Nahe menschlischer

Wohnungen, sondern bisher immer im Freien gefunden worden ist. Dennoch

kénnen Zweifel an der Ubereinstimmung des samoanischen Exemplars mit den

europadischen nicht bestehen, denn sowohl die Gestalt der Palpenglieder wie die

Form der Galea, die With niher beschreibt, ist ganz die gleiche wie bei den

europaischen Hxemplaren.

Familie: GARYPIDAE Hansen.

2. Garypinus oceanicus With.

1 Exemplar, 9, xi1.1925, Mulifanua, Upolu, Samoa Is. Dieselbe Art ist

auf Funafuti von Professor Sollas gefunden, und von Pocock als Olpium

longwenter Keyserling beschrieben worden.

16 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Familie: CHELIFERIDAE Hagen.

3. Chelifer atrimanus, n. sp.

1 Exemplar, wahrscheinlich ein 9, vu.1924, Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa,

2000 ft. Die Beschreibung des Tieres folgt am Ende der Artenliste.

4. Chelifer buxtoni, n. sp.

3 Hxemplare, davon eins mit Hisickchen und ein junges Tier, 4.v.1924,

Malololelei, Upolu, Samoa, 2000 ft.: “From bats’ dung in cave.” Beschreibung

im folgenden Teil.

BESCHREIBUNG DER NEUEN ARTEN

Die Beschreibungen habe ich den Arbeiten des ausgezeichneten Arachnologen

With moglichst angeglichen, weil ich glaubte dadurch ihre Brauchbarkeit zu

erhodhen. Alle Messungen sind also wie bei diesem zu verstehen. Der Pal-

pentrochanter wird an der Vorderseite, Palpenfemur und Palpentibia dagegen

werden an der Hinterseite gemessen. Die Palpenhand wird an der Unterseite

gemessen, und zwar wie alle Gleder von dem Ursprung an (also einschliesslich

Stiel) bis zum Gelenk des beweglichen Fingers (s. Fig. 9). Die in Klammern

gesetzten Zahlen geben die Breite des Gliedes an seiner dicksten Stelle an. Die

Beinglieder werden am oberen Rande gemessen (s. Fig. 5). Die Verhiltnisse

von Linge und Breite der Glieder geben oft gute Unterlagen zur Artbestimmung.

Solche Proportionen sind immer bis zur ersten Dezimale berechnet. Man

bedenke dabei aber, dass schon unbedeutende Abweichnungen beim Messen (die

oft durch unscharfe Hnden der Glieder entstehen) die Dezimalzahl andern

kénnen. Findet man also an einem Tier als Verhiltnis von Femurlange zur

Femurbreite 2,07, so gehért dieses Tier trotzdem noch zu Chelifer atrimanus

n. sp., bet dem das Verhiltnis 2,1 sein soll. Die Masse des Cephalothorax gelten

nur fiir das Riickenschild desselben. Die Granulation der Palpen ist an leicht

abgetrockneten Exemplaren bei etwa 80facher Vergrésserung zu beurteilen.

Chelifer atrimanus, n. sp.

(Fig. 1-5.)

DIAGNOSE.

Keine Augen, aber deutliche Augenflecke. Cephalothoraxschild in der

Mitte breiter als am Hinterrande, ohne Querfurchen. Abdomen zemlich lang

PSEUDOSCORPIONES. 17

und schmal. Cheliceren mit Galea, die‘mehr als 8 Aste nach verschiedenen

Richtungen entsendet. Pedipalpen granuliert, mit ziemlich langen, am Ende

spitzen Haaren besetzt. Tvrochanter mit einem deutlichen Hocker am oberen

Rande der Hinterseite. Femur 2,1 mal so lang wie breit. Am basalen Ende

4 5

Trext-Fic. 1-5, Chelifer atrimanus n. sp—Fig. 1, Galea, von oben gesehen. Fig. 2, Trochanter,

Femur und Tibia der linken Pedipalpe, von oben gesehen. Fig. 3, rechte Hand und

unbeweglicher Finger, von oben gesehen. Fig. 4, die letzten drei Coxen der Beine. Fig. 5,

das 1. Bein ohne Trochanter, von der Seite gesehen. Die gestrichelte Linie gibt an,

wie die Glieder gemessen wurden.

plotzlich stark im den Stiel verschmilert, apical dagegen nur ein wenig schmiiler

werdend, und hier am Vorderrand ein wenig konkav ausgerandet. Tibia mit

deutlichem Stiel, vorn sehr stark konvex, hinten nur sanft gebogen, ja am

Anfang sogar gerade. 2,1 mal so lang wie breit. Hand 1,3 mal so breit und

1,1 mal so lang wie die Tibia. Ihre Hohe ist 1,1 mal so gross wie ihre Breite,

vill. 1 2

18 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

und ihre Liinge 1,5 mal so gross wie der bewegliche Finger. Dieser ist 0,88

mal so lang wie die Hand hoch ist. Die Finger tragen accessorische Zihne, und

zwar sind diese auf der Hinterseite tiber die ganze Linge des Fingers verstreut

(auf jedem Finger 12), wihrend sie sich an der Vorderseite nur am Ende des

Fingers finden, und hier nie mehr als 3 vorkommen. Im beweglichen Finger

ist sowohl eine Giftdriise wie such deren Ausfiihrgang deutlich wahrzunehmen.

An der Basis des unbeweglichen Fingers stehen 16 “spots.” 1. Bein: Tibia

1,2 mal so lang wie der Tarsus, der 3,1 mal so lang ist wie hoch. 4. Bem:

Femur 2,3 mal so lang wie hoch, und 1,12 mal niedriger als der Tarsus lang ist.

BESCHREIBUNG.

Cephalothorax.—Keine Augen, aber Augenflecke. Das Riickenschild ist

deutlich linger als am Hinterrande breit. Eine Querfurche ist nicht vorhanden..,

indessen sind leichte Andeutungen einer solchen sichtbar, wenn man das Tier

unter Flissigkeit betrachtet.

Abdomen.—Ziemlich lang und schmal, ahnlich wie bei Chelifer brevidigitatus

Keyserling. Die ersten 3 Tergite sind ungeteilt, bei dem 4. ist die Teilung undeut-

lich, wahrend die tibrigen durch eine Lingslinie halbiert werden, mit Ausnahme

des letzten. Die Sternite sind mit Ausnahme der letzten 4—5 wenig scharf von

den umgebenden Gelenkhiiuten abgehoben. Besonders die Sternite 2-5 sind

ganz verschwommen angedeutet. Alle sind mit Ausnahme des letzten durch

eine Lingslinie wie die Tergite geteilt. (Bei den wenig ausgebildeten vorderen

Sterniten liasst sich dies nicht sicher beurteilen.)

Cheliceren.—Die Galea besitzt einen ziemlich breiten Stamm, von dem mehr

als 8 Zweige nach allen Richtungen ausgehen (Fig. 1). Die Zahl der Aste lasst

sich nur schwer feststellen, mir schienen es 10 zu sein. Das Flagellum besteht

aiis 3 Borsten, von denen die proximale am deutlichsten gezihnt ist.

Pedipalpen.—Die Palpen sind granuliert. (Bei 80-facher Vergrésserung

klar zu erkennen.) Sie sind mit ziemlich langen, am Ende spitzen Haaren

besetzt. Der T'rochanter ist 1,7 mal so lang wie breit, und besitzt an dem hin-

teren Rande der Oberseite einen Hocker (Vig. 2). Das Fenwr ist 2,1 mal so

lang wie breit. Sein Vorderrand ist apical em wenig konkav ausgerandet.

Der Hinterrand ist konvex und _ plotzlich zum Stielchen verschmilert

(Fig. 2). Auch apical ist das Femur em wenig verschmilert. Die Tibia

ist 2,1 mal so lang wie breit. Ihre Vorderseite ist stark konvex, die

Hinterseite dagegen nur missig gebogen, am Anfange sogar gerade. Der

PSEUDOSCORPIONES. 19

Stiel ist wohlausgebildet. Die Liinge der Tibia ist 1,1 mal so gross wie

die des Femur, ihre Breite betriigt das 1,1 fache der Femurbreite. Die

Hand ist 1,1 mal so lang wie die Tibia, und 1,3 mal so breit wie diese.

Thre Hohe ist 1,1 mal so gross wie ihre Breite (Fig. 3). Der bewegliche Finger

ist kiirzer als die Hand (Hand: Finger=3:2). Indes kann seine genaue Linge

nicht gemessen werden, da er gebogen ist. Im beweglichen Finger ist eine

Giftdriise an aufgehellten Exemplaren deutlich zu sehen. Sie miindet mit emem

schmalen Gang im Endzahne. An der Vorderseite der Finger finden sich an

beiden Fingern die accessorischen Zihne nur in der Nihe der Spitze, und zwar

am beweglichen Finger etwa 2, am unbeweglichen etwa 3. Im Gegensatz dazu

ist die Hinterseite der Finger in ihrer ganzen Linge mit accessorischen Zihnen

besetzt, so dass hier auf jedem Finger etwa 12 solche Zithne stehen. An der

Vorderseite des unbeweglichen Fingers findet sich an der Basis eine Anhiufung

von 16 “ spots.”

Coxae.—Siehe Fig. 4.

Beine.—Sie sind mit langen spitzen Haaren besetzt. Die Gelenkmembran

zwischen dem Trochantin und dem Femur des 1. Beines ist nicht sehr weit.

1. Bem: Tibia 1,2 mal so lang wie der Tarsus, der 3,1 mal so lang ist wie hoch

(Fig. 5). 4. Bei: Femur 2,3 mal so lang wie hoch und 1,12 mal niedriger als

der Tarsus lang ist. Krallen einfach.

Fdrbung.—Cephalothorax ganz dunkelbraun. Maxillen heller braun, die

iibrigen Palpenglieder dunkelbraun wie der Cephalothorax, die Hand ganz

dunkel, fast schwarz. Tergite dunkelbraun. Sternite 10 und 11 dunkelbraun,

die anderen sehr hell, besonders die Sternite 2-4 unterscheiden sich kaum von

den Gelenkhiiuten durch ihre Farbe. Coxen der Beine gelbbraun.

Masse.—Cephalothoraxschild 0,950 (0,730 am Ende breit).

Abdomen 3,750 (etwa 1,2). Gesamtlinge des Tieres 4,750.

Pedipalpen: Trochanter 0,536 (0,333), Femur 0,870 (0,406), Tibia 0,943

(0,467), Hand 1,975 (0,618), hoch 0,731, Finger 0,650.

1. Bem: Femur 0,609 (0,249), Tibia 0,429 (0,157), Tarsus 0,336 (0,107).

4. Bem: Femur 0,845 (0,365), Tibia 0,652 (0,198), Tarsus 0,411 (0,132).

SYSTEMATISCHE STELLUNG DER ART.

Bei fliichtiger Betrachtung schien das Tier ein Exemplar von Chelifer

gavanus Thorell zu sem. Die Farbung des Tieres passte ebenso wie die Gestalt

der Palpen im allgemeinen auf dessen Diagnose. Indes unterscheidet sich die

20 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

eben beschriebene Art wesentlich von den Diagnosen die With iiber Chelifer

javanus Thor. verdflentlicht hat durch foleende Merkmale :

1. Die Galea ist stark entwickelt, und besitzt mehr als 8 (etwa 10) Aste.

Bei Ch. javanus ist sie nach With “ fairly long and slender,”

bear about six distal branches.”

2. Bei unserer Art sind eine grosse Zahl accessorischer Ziihne vorhanden.

In den ausgezeichneten Beschreibungen von With sind solche bei Chelifer

javanus nicht erwihnt, sie sind also dort sicherlich nicht vorhanden.

Um die Stellung der Art innerhalb der australischen Chelifer-Species zu

kennzeichnen, fiige ich sie in die Bestimmungstabelle ein, die With in den Ann.

and Mag. of Nat. Hist. VII, Vol. 15, 1905, veréffentlicht hat. Es muss dann

Seite 97 am Ende der Tabelle heissen (nach Beriicksichtigung v.8.328) :

al? Hairs of the tergites within a distinct white spot; hand higher than

broad, distinctly longer than fingers.—C. punctatus Keyserling.

b!7 Hairs not situated in distinct white spots.

al8 Palpen braun. Galea entsendet weniger als 8 Zweige.—C. brevidigitatus

Keys.

b'8 Palpen dunkelbraun, Hand fast schwarz. Die Galea entsendet mehr

als 8 Zweige nach allen Richtungen. Auf der Hinterseite jedes

Fingers sind mindestens 12 accessorische Zihne vorhanden.—C.

und “‘ seems to

atrumanus, Nn. sp.

Chelifer buxtoni, n. sp.

(Fig. 6-11.)

DIAGNOSE.

Keine Augen, aber deutliche Augenflecke. Cephalothoraxschild in der

Mitte breiter als am Hinterrande, mit einer deutlichen Querfurche. Abdomen

ziemlich lang und schmal. Cheliceren mit Galea, die etwa 6 Zweige nach aussen

entsendet. Pedipalpen kaum granuliert, mit ziemlich langen, am Ende spitzen

Haaren besetzt. Trochanter mit einem deutlichen Hocker am oberen Rande

der Hinterseite. Femur 2,2 mal so lang wie an der breitesten Stelle dick. Am

basalen Ende plotzlich stark in den Stiel verschmilert, apical dagegen nur wenig

schmiler werdend, und hier am Vorderrand ein wenig konkay ausgerandet.

Tibia mit deutlichem Stiel, vorn sehr stark konvex, hinten nur sanft gebogen,

2,1 mal so lang wie breit. Hand 1,4 mal so breit und 1,2 mal so lang wie die

Tibia, Ihre Hébe ist 1,07 mal so gross wie ihre Breite, und ihre Linge 1,5 mal

PSEUDOSCORPIONES. 21

so gross wie der bewegliche Finger. Dieser ist 1,2 mal so lang wie die Hand

hoch ist. Die Finger tragen accessorische Zihne, und zwar sind diese auf der

Hinterseite iiber die ganze Linge der Finger verstreut in einer Reihe von mehr

Text-rie. 6-11, Chelifer buatoni n. sp—tFig. 6, Galea, von oben gesehen. Fig. 7, Trochanter,

Femur und Tibia der linken Pedipalpe, von oben gesehen. Fig. 8, rechte Hand und

unbeweglicher Finger, von oben gesehen. Fig. 9, die linke Hand, von der Vorderseite

gesehen. Die gestrichelte Linie gibt an, wie gemessen wurde. Fig. 10, die Beinhiiften.

Fig. 11, das 1. Bein.

als 8 Zahnen. Auf der Vorderseite der Finger findet man dagegen nur an der

Spitze einige wenige (meist 2) Zihne. Im beweglichen Finger ist an durch-

schemenden Kanadabalsampriparaten eine Giftdriise samt ihren Ausfiihrungs-

gang zu beobachten. Der unbewegliche Finger trigt auf der Vorderseite an der

vin. 1 2

22 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Basis eme Anhaufung von etwa 9 “ spots,” und etwa in der Mitte des Fingers

noch eine Reihe von 3 “spots,” zu denen noch ein 4. ausserhalb der Reihe

stehender kommt. Der bewegliche Finger besitzt an der Basis der Vorderseite

4 “‘ spots,” und einen weiteren nahe der Mitte.

1. Bein: Tibia 1,13 mal so lang wie der Tarsus, der 5,3 mal so lang ist wie

hoch. 4. Bein: Femur 2,5 mal so lang wie hoch und 1,8 mal niedriger als der

Tarsus lang ist. 'Tasthaar nahe der Basis. Krallen einfach.

BESCHREIBUNG.

Cephalothorax.—Keine Augen, aber Augenflecke. Das Riickenschild ist

deutlich langer als am Hinterrande breit. Eine Querfurche verliuft hinter der

Mitte itiber das Riickenschild, vom Vorderrande desselben 0,43 mm. entfernt.

Abdomen.—Ziemlich lang und schmal, Das erste und letzte Tergit ungeteilt,

die tibrigen durch einen Lingsstreifen halbiert. Die Sternite sind mit Ausnahme

der letzten 4 nicht deutlich von der umgebenden Gelenkhaut durch dunkle

Farbung abgehoben. Sie sind mit Ausnahme des letzten und der Genital-

sternite geteilt.

Cheliceren (Fig. 6).—Die Galea ist lang und besitzt etwa 6 Aste, die nach

vorn und aussen gerichtet sind. Das vordere Haar des Flagellum ist schart

gezihnt. Flagellum mit 3 Borsten. Die distale Borste ist am stiirksten gezihut.

Pedipalpen (Fig. 7-9).—Die Glieder sind nicht deutlich granuliert. Sie

sind mit einzelnen ziemlich langen und spitzen Borsten besetzt. Der Trochanter

ist 1,6 mal so lang wie breit, und besitzt einen abgerundeten Hocker an dem

Hinterrande der Oberseite. Das Femur ist 2,2 mal so lang wie breit. Sein

Vorderrand ist apical ein wenig ausgerandet. Basal ist er plotzlich stark in den

Stiel verschmilert, wihrend es apical nur wenig an Breite abnimmt. Die

Tibia ist 2,1 mal so lang wie breit, vorn stark und hinten wenig gebogen. Der

Stiel ist deutlich ausgebildet. Die Linge der Tibia ist fast gleich der des

Femur, Breite ist nicht emmal 1/10 grésser als die des Femur. Die Hand

ist 1,2 mal so lang wie die Tibia, und 1,4 mal so breit wie diese. Ihre Hohe ist

1,07 mal so gross wie ihre Breite. Sie ist 1,5 mal so lang wie der bewegliche

Finger. (Dessen genaue Liinge kann nicht mikroskopisch gemessen werden,

da er gebogen ist.) Im beweglichen Finger findet sich eine Giftdriise, die in

semem Endzahne miindet. An der Vorderseite der Finger finden sich

accessorische Zithne nur an der Spitze, und zwar an jedem Finger nur etwa 2.

Im Gegensatz dazu ist die Hinterseite beider Finger mit einer langen Reihe von

PSEUDOSCORPIONES. 23

mehr als 8 accessorischen Zihnen versehen. Die Vorderseite der Finger tragt

mehrere “ spots,” die am besten in aufgehellten Praiparaten sichtbar werden.

So finden sich hier an der Basis des unbeweglichen Fingers 9 solche “* spots ” zu

einer Gruppe vereinigt, 3 weitere bilden eime Liangsreihe nahe der Mitte des

Fingers, zu denen noch ein einzeln stehender kommt. Der bewegliche Finger

besitzt an der Basis 4 “* spots” und einen weiteren nahe der Mitte.

Corae.—S. Fig. 10.

Beine.—Mit spitzen Haaren besetzt. Die Gelenkmembran zwischen

Trochantin und Femur des 1. Beines liegt schrig, und ist ziemlich weit.

1. Bein: Tibia 1,03 mal so lang wie der Tarsus, der 5,3 mal so lang ist wie

hoch (Fig. 10). 4. Bein: Femur 2,5 mal so lang wie hoch und 1,8 mal niedriger

als der Tarsus lang ist. Nahe der Basis ein Tasthaar.

Farbung.—Cephalothorax hellbraun, Furche rotbraun. Pedipalpen braun,

Hand und Finger dunkler. Tergite braun wie die Riickendecke des Cephalo-

thorax. Sternite gelblich, nur die 3 letzten (manchmal auch die 4 letzten)

deutlich braun. Coxae gelb, Maxillae nur ganz wenig dunkler.

Masse.—Cephalothoraxschild 0,79 (0,652), Furche 0,430 vom Vorderrande

entfernt.

Abdomen 2,8 (3,75), ganzes Tier 3,5.

Pedupalpen.—Trochanter 0,356 (0,239), Femur 0,645 (0,290), Tibia 0,679

(0,309), Hand 0,808 (0,439), 0,447 hoch, Finger 0,523 lang. (In Wirklichkeit

ist der Finger linger, indes kann man, da er gebogen ist, seine wirkliche Linge

mikroskopisch nicht messen.)

1. Ben: Femur 0,533 (0,147), Tibia 0,422 (0,106), Tarsus 0,406 (0,076).

4. Ben: Femur 0,626 (0,249), Tibia 0,579 (0,147), Tarsus 0,457 (0,102).

Systematische Stellung.—Am sichersten lasst sich die Stellung der Art unter

den anderen aus dem gleichen Erdteil bekannten Chelifer-Arten kennzeichen,

wenn man sie in eine tabellarische Ubersicht einreiht. Sie wiirde dann in der

Bestimmungstabelle, die With von den australischen Arten gegeben hat, ein-

zusetzen sein auf Seite 97 in die Abteilung al#. Nach Einfiigung unserer Art

muss es hier heissen :

al4 Fingers much shorter than hand ; ocular spots.

al5 Femur about three times as long as broad ; tibia shorter than femur

but as long as hand; finger about as long as hand is high; tactile

hair perhaps wanting.—Chelifer pallipes White.*

* Die Fig., die With von dieser Art gibt, weicht in den Proportionen von der Beschreibung

etheblich ab !

24 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

bl5 Femur less than two and a half times as long as broad; tibia a little

longer than, or as long as femur, but always shorter than hand ; finger

half as long againas hand is high; tarsus IV with tactile hair near

base.—Chelifer buxtoni, n. sp.

LITERATUR.

ELLINGSEN . : - The Pseudoscorpions of South Africa based on the Collections of

the South African Museum, Cape Town. Annals of the South

African Museum, Vol. X, pp. 75-128. 1912.

Kocn unp Krysertinc . Die Arachniden Australiens. Lieferung 32-33. Niirnberg, 1885-

1886.

De Lessert . * . Pseudoscorpions: in Catalogue des Invertébrés de la Suisse.

Fascicule 5. Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genéve. 1911.

Pocock . : a - List of the Arachnida and “ Myriopoda” obtained in Funafuti

by Prof. W. J. Sollas and Mr. Stanley Gardiner, and in Rotuma

by Mr. Stanley Gardiner. Ann. and Mag. of Nat. Hist. VII,

Vol. 1, pp. 321-329. 1898.

Witr : ° ° - On Chelonethi, chiefly from the Australian Region, in the col-

° lection of the British Museum, with observations on the “‘ Coxal

Sac” and on some cases of abnormal segmentation. Ann. and

Mag. of Nat. Hist. VII, Vol. 15, pp. 94-148, Pls. vi-x, and

p- 328. 1905.

[ 5 . ‘ . Chelonethi. An account of the Indian false-scorpions together

with studies on the anatomy and classification of this order.

The Danish Expedition to Siam. IIT. Mem. d. Vacad. d. Se.

et d. lettres d. Danemark, VII, pp. 1-214, Pls. iv. Kopen-

hagen, 1906.

On some new species of Cheliferidae, Hans., and Garypidae, Hans.,

in the British Museum. Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Zool.,

Vol. 30, pp. 49-86, Pls. viii-x. 1907.

TEXT ZU DEN FIGUREN

Fig. 1. Chelifer atrimanus n. sp. Galea, von oben gesehen.

2. C. atrimanus nu. sp. Trochanter, Femur und Tibia der linken Pedipalpe, von oben

gesehen.

3. C. atrimanus n. sp. Rechte Hand und unbeweglicher Finger, von oben gesehen.

» 4. C. atrimanus n. sp. Die letzten drei Coxen der Beine.

5. C.alrimanus n. sp. Das 1. Bein ohne Trochanter, von der Seite geschen. Die gestrichelte

Linie gibt an, wie die Glieder gemessen wurden.

6. Chelifer buxtoni n. sp. Galea, von oben gesehen.

7. C. buxtoni n. sp. Trochanter, Femur und Tibia der linken Pedipalpe, von oben gesehen.

8. C. buxtom n.sp. Rechte Hand und unbeweglicher Finger, von oben gesehen.

9. C. buatoni n.sp. Die linke Hand, von der Vorderseite gesehen. Die gestrichelte Linie

gibt an, wie gemessen wurde.

5, LO. C. buxtoni n. sp. . Die Beinhiiften.

5, Ll. C. buxtont n. sp. Das 1. Bein.

ACARINA

On a GAMASID MITE (Uropopa (Uroopovetta) SAMOAE, SP. N.) OCCURRING ON

THE TERMITE Cazorzrues (GLyProrermE@s) xanTHOoLABRUM HI,

By STantEy Hirst

(With 2 Text-figures.)

1. Uropoda (Uroobovella) samoae, sp. n.

(Text-figs. 1 and 2.)

Deutonymph.—Size minute. Shape of body oval, being longer than wide.

Posterior end of body bluntly pointed. Dorswm very strongly chitinised, smooth

and without any trace of markings except minute scattered punctations. Ventral

plate strongly chitinised, of moderate width and devoid of markings, except six

pairs of very minute punctations. Anterior margin of this plate with a well-

developed tooth-like process in the middle, which fits between the inner (anterior)

margins of the first pair of coxae. Anal plate entirely separated off from

the ventral plate and transversely elongated, being much wider than long; it

bears six pairs of very short fine hairs, including two pairs on the valves. Anal

aperture situated near posterior margin of plate, being placed on a little heart-

shaped strip of chitin which seems to project backwards beyond the margin.

Peritremal tube divided into several distinct portions (see fig. 1), but a short,

straight, well-defined corrugated tube running between the second and third

foveae is the most distinct part of it. Lateral foveae comma-shaped, consisting

of a deep, rather bulbous-looking anterior depression, and a narrow, pointed,

tail-like posterior portion. Chelicerae very long, the proximal part shows signs

of segmentation, the fingers themselves are quite short and difficult to see. Palp

short ; penultimate segment with a pair of comparatively stout setae on its inner

surface distally, and also with three sensory setae, each arising from a rather

large circular base. Tarsus of palp with numerous hairs and also stiff rod-like

26 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

setae ; one of the sensory setae, which is longer than the rest, is thickened

basally and rises from a large circular base. All the segments of the first leg

have a thin, flattened extension, either of the antero-ventral or of the distal

margin, especially noticeable in the case of the trochanter and the femur. ‘Tarsus

of first leg with pedicel and claws, but they are reduced in size; this segment

Trext-rias. 1, 2—Fig. 1, Uropoda (Uroobovella) samoae, sp. n. Deutonymph. Ventral view.

Fig. 2, Uropoda (Uroobovella) samoae, sp. n. Deutonymph. a, first leg; 6, terminal seg-

ments of palp from below. Greatly magnified.

has numerous hairs and setae dorsally near the distal end, including a number

of stiff, rod-like sensory setae, one of which is rather spatulate at the tip ; there

is also an oval globular seta. Other legs chiefly furnished with spines and spini-

form setae ; apparently none of the hairs are flattened, except a hair at the distal

end of the posterior tarsi. Femora of legs each provided with a flattened pro-

jecting blade or lamina, sometimes accompanied by a proximal denticle.