INSECTS OF SAMOA.

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

ARTHROPODA

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be

expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification —

due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence.

In order im some measure to remedy this deficiency, and im view of benefits

directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British

Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by

Dr. P. A. Buxton and Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the

London’ School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific.

Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies

as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups

concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy of

the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It is not intended that contributors to the text shall be confined to the

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the

leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained.

The work will be divided into eight ‘“‘ Parts ’’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), which

will be subdivided into “‘Fascicles.”” Each of the latter, which will appear as

ready in any order, will consist of one or more contributions. On the

completion of the work it is intended to issue a general survey, summarising

the whole and drawing from it such conclusions as may be warranted.

E. E. AUSTEN,

_ Keeper of Entomology.

British Museum (Natura. History), |

CromweELt Roap, S.W.7.

eit Gustay Fischer, Verlagsbuchhandlung, Jena.

Inliegend erhalten Sie Besprechungsbelege aus:

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197 Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial

Arthropoda. Part II, Fasc. 1. Fulgoroidea by F. Muir, Psyllidae

(Chermidae) by D. L. Crawford, Coccidae, Aphididae and Aleyrodidae by

F. Laing. Part II]. Lepidoptera. Fasc. 1. Butterflies of Samoa and some

neighbouring Islands-Groups by G. H. E. Hopkins. Fase. 2. Micro-Lepi-

doptera by Edward Meyrick. Part VI. Diptera. Fasc. 1. Streblidae and

Nyeteribiidae by L. Faleoz, Hippoboscidae by G. F. Ferris. Part VH. Other

orders of Insects. Fase. 1. Isoptera. Fam. Termitidae by F. G. Hill and

Odonata by F. €. Fraser. Part VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than

Insects. Fase. 1. Isopoda terrestria by H. G. Jackson, Scorpionoidae by

Pp. A. Buxton, Acarina by S. Hirst. (London, British Museum Natural

History), 253 S., 7 Taf., 2 Kart., 14 Fig. 1927.

Es ist zu begriiBen, daB sich das Britische Museum entschlossen hat,

Jie Insektenwelt des Stillen Ozeans monographisch bearbeiten zu lassen.

Das Material haben Buxton, Hopkins u. a. gesammelt. Die weitverbreiteten

Fulgoriden-Arten gehiren zu den auf Grasern und Kulturpflanzen lebenden

Delphaciinen; die auf Strauch und Baum lebenden Asiracinen geben den

hochsten Prozentsatz endemischer Arten, z. B. Neolollius und Buztoniella.

Megamelus proserpina Kirk. lebt auf Colocasia esculenta, Perkinsvella viti-

msis Kirk. auf Zuckerrohr. 4 neue Psylliden-Arten; Megatrioza vitiensis

Kirk. lebt auf Eugenia malaccensis. Unter den 36 Cocciden-Arten ist neu

Chrysomphalus buxtoni. Von den 5 Blattlausen lebt Aphis gossypii auf Mo-

rinda citrifolia, Aph. laburni auf Leguminosen, A. tavaresi auf Zitronenbaum,

A. nerit auf Asclepias, Toxoptera aurantii auf Hibiscus tiliaceus und Kakao.

Von den 2 Aleyrodiden lebt Neomaskellia bergii oft auf Zuckerrohr, Aleuro-

platus samoanus auf Croton. — Die 28 Tagfalter sind dstlichen Ursprungs;

die Nahrpflanzen fiir deren Raupen sind notiert, letztere sind oft Schadlinge.

Nur Danaida archippus F. stammt aus Amerika und breitet sich aus; sie

oesucht die Bliiten von 3 Pflanzenarten, die Raupe fri®t an Asclepias curas-

savica. Unter den Microlepidopteren sind 40 weitverbreitet und 137 durch

Jen Menschen eingeschleppt, ?/, der Arten sind endemisch, besonders die

3 monotypischen Genera. Hawaii hat mehr Endemismen und eigenartige

cattungen. Es fehlen auf der ganzen Inselwelt die Pterophoriden und Oeco-

yhoriden. Viele Arten sind Schadlinge der Kulturpflanzen, z. B. Prays

wri in Trieben der Orangenbaume, Pachyrhabda antinoma in kultivierten

farnen. Hieroxestis citrinodes auf faulen Friichten von Vigna sinensis. —

Jon den Fledermausparasiten lebt die Streblide Nycteribosca buxtont an

imballonoma semicaudata Peale, die Nycteribiide Cyclopodia inclita an

Pteropus-Arten. Folgende Hippobosciden sind interessant: Ornithoica

iromiscua an M yiagra vanicorensis und Demiegretta sacra, O. pusilla an Aplonis

ntrifusca und Halcyon juliae, Ornitheza metallica an Aplonis brevirostris

ind Halcyon juliae, Lynchia samoana n. sp. an Merula samoensis und M yiagria

anicorensis, Ornithoctona nigricans an Ptilopus perousst. — 5 Termiten wer-

en beschrieben: Calotermes samoanus, Prorhinotermes inopinatus, Micro-

2rotermes peraffinis, C. buxtoni, C. Xantholabrum und C. repandus. 28 Arten

on Odonaten, 9 Landisopoden, 2 Skorpione, 4 Pseudoskorpione. Nur

“Milbenart, Uropoda samoae n. sp. auf dem Fithler der Calotermes Xantho-

vbrum. [ Matouschek. ]

Halcyon juliae, Lynchia samoana n. sp. an Merula samoensis und M yiagria

icorensis, Ornithoctona nigricans an Ptilopus perousst. — 5 Termiten wer-

beschrieben: Calotermes samoanus, Prorhinotermes inopinatus, Micro-

termes peraffinis, C. buxtoni, C. Xantholabrum und C. repandus. 28 Arten

| Odonaten, 9 Landisopoden, 2 Skorpione, 4 Pseudoskorpione. Nur

filbenart, Uropoda samoae n. sp. auf dem Fiihler der Calotermes Xantho-

rum. [ Matouschek. ]

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7 Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial

Arthropoda. Part II, Fasc. 1. Fulgoroidea by F. Muir, Psyllidae

(Chermidae) by D. L. Crawford, Coccidae, Aphididae and Aleyrodidae by

F. Laing. Part III. Lepidoptera. Fasc. 1. Butterflies of Samoa and some

neighbouring Islands-Groups by G. H. E. Hopkins. Fasc. 2. Micro-Lepi-

doptera by Edward Meyrick. Part VI. Diptera. Fasc. 1. Streblidae and

Nycteribiidae by L. Faleoz, Hippoboscidae by G. F. Ferris. Part VII. Other

orders of Insects. Fasc. 1. Isoptera. Fam. Termitidae by F. G. Hill and

Odonata by F. C. Fraser. Part VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than

Insects. Fasc. 1. Isopoda terrestria by H. G. Jackson, Scorpionoidae by

P. A. Buxton, Acarina by S. Hirst. (London, British Museum Natural

History), 253 8., 7 Taf., 2 Kart., 14 Fig. 1927.

Hs ist zu begriiBen, daB sich das Britische Museum entschlossen hat,

» Insektenwelt des Stillen Ozeans monographisch bearbeiten zu lassen.

's Material haben Buxton, Hopkins u. a. gesammelt. Die weitverbreiteten

Igoriden-Arten gehéren zu den auf Grasern und Kulturpflanzen lebenden

Iphaciinen; die auf Strauch und Baum lebenden Asiracinen geben den

shsten Prozentsatz endemischer Arten, z. B. Neolollius und Buztoniella.

gamelus proserpina Kirk. lebt auf Colocasia esculenta, Perkinsiella viti-

ts Kirk. auf Zuckerrohr. 4 neue Psylliden-Arten; Megatrioza vitiensis

‘k. lebt auf Eugenia malaccensis. Unter den 36 Cocciden-Arten ist neu

rysomphalus buxtoni. Von den 5 Blattlausen lebt Aphis gossypii auf Mo-

Ja citrifolia, Aph. laburnt auf Leguminosen, A. tavaresi auf Zitronenbaum,

merwt auf Asclepias, Toxoptera aurantii auf Hibiscus tiliaceus und Kakao.

n den 2 Aleyrodiden lebt Neomaskellia bergit oft auf Zuckerrohr. Aleuro-

us samoanus auf Croton. — Die 28 Tagfalter sind dstlichen Ursprungs;

Nahrpflanzen fiir deren Raupen sind notiert, letztere sind oft Schadlinge.

> Danaida archippus F. stammt aus Amerika und breitet sich aus; sie

cht die Bliiten von 3 Pflanzenarten, die Raupe fri®t an Asclepias curas-

ca. Unter den Microlepidopteren sind 40 weitverbreitet und 137 durch

Menschen eingeschleppt, */, der Arten sind endemisch, besonders die

ionotypischen Genera. Hawaii hat mehr Endemismen und eigenartige

atungen. Es fehlen auf der ganzen Inselwelt die Pterophoriden und Oeco-

riden. Viele Arten sind Schadlinge der Kulturpflanzen, z. B. Prays

4 in Trieben der Orangenbiume, Pachyrhabda antinoma in kultivierten

nen. Hierozestis citrinodes aut faulen Friichten von Vigna sinensis. —

den Fledermausparasiten lebt die Streblide Nycteribosca buaxtoni an

mallonoma semicaudata Peale, die Nycteribiide Cyclopodia inclita an

‘teropus-Arten. Folgende Hippobosciden sind interessant: Ornithoica

Oiscua an Myiagra vanicorensis und Demiegretta sacra, O. pusilla an Aplonis

fusca und Halcyon juliae, Ornitheza metallica an Aplonis brevirostris

ntHalcyon juliae, Lynchia samoana n. sp. an Merula samoensis und M yiagria

morensis, Ornithoctona nigricans an Ptilopus peroussi. — 5 Termiten wer-

eM beschrieben: Calotermes samoanus, Prorhinotermes inopinatus, Micro-

rormes peraffinis, C. buxton, C. Xantholabrum und C. repandus. 28 Arten

onOdonaten, 9 Landisopoden, 2 Skorpione, 4 Pseudoskorpione. Nur

Mbenart, Uropoda samoae n. sp. auf dem Fiihler der Calotermes Xantho-

btm. [ Matouschek. ]

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Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial

Arthropoda. Part II. Fase. 1. Fulgoroidea by F. Muir,

Psyllidae(Chermidae) by D.L. Crawiord, Coccidae, Aphi-

didae and Aleyrodidae by F. Laing. Part III]. Lepido-

ptera. Fasc.1. Butterflies of Samoa and some neigh-

bouring Island-Groups by G. H. E. Hopkins. Fase. 2.

Micro-Lepidoptera by Edward Meyrick, Part VI. Diptera

Fase.1. Streblidae et Nycteribiidae byL. Faleoz, Hippo-

boscidae by G. F. Ferris, Part VII Other orders of In-

sects. Fasc. 1. Isoptera, Fam. Termitidae by F. G. Hill

and Odonata byF.C. Fraser. Part VII. Terrestrial Arthro-

poda other than Insects. Fasc.1. Isopoda terrestria

by H. G. Jackson, Scorpionoidae by P. A. Buxton, Acarina

by S. Hirst. 45 + 116+ 21+ 44+ 2758., 42+1+144 194 14 Test-

abb., 7 Taf., 2 Kart. Preis: EI, 1—2 sh 6 p., III, 1—5 sh, III, 2—2 sh 6p,

VI, 1—2 sh 6 p, VII, 1—2 sh 6 p, VIII, 1—2 sh 6 p.

Karten 6 p. London (British Museum [Natural History]) 1927.

Die Inselwelt des Stillen Ozeans birgt mancherlei zoogeographische

Probleme, und es ist daher sehr zu begriiSen, daB auf Grund der durch

Buxton und Hopkins angelegten Sammlungen sich das Britische

Museum entschlossen hat, eine zusammenfassende faunistische Bearbeitung

der Insekten von Samoa und den benachbarten Inselgruppen herauszugeben,

die es erméglichen wird, die Probleme der Artverbreitung und auch der

Artbildung durch Isolation einer weiteren Klarung zuzufiihren. Doch auch

no Gebiet der angewandten Zoologie wird das Werk wertvolle Férderung,

ieten.

Unter den Fulgoriden gehéren mit einer Ausnahme die weit verbreiteten

Arten alle zu den auf Grasern und anderen Kulturpflanzen lebenden Delpha-

ciinen, wihrend die auf Gebiisch und Biumen lebenden Asiracinen den

héchsten Prozentsatz endemischer Arten aufweisen. Zwei Gattungen, Neo -

lollius und Buxtoniella sind endemisch. Auf Kulturpflanzen

leben folgende Arten: Megamelus proserpina Kirk auf Colo-

casia esculenta, Perkinsiella vitiensis Kirk. an Zucker-

rohr. Von Psylliden werden als neu beschrieben Paurocephala wil-

deri, Tyora buxtoni, Megatrioza swezei, Trioza

samoansis. Megatrioza vitiensis Kirk. fand sich auf Blattern

von Hugenia malaccensis. Von Cocciden werden 36 Arten auf-

gefiihrt, davon als neu beschrieben Chrysomphalus buxtoni.

An Blattlausen werden nur 5 Arten genannt (Aphis gossyp1i Glov.

auf Morinda citrifolia, A. laburni kalt. an Leguminosen,

A. nerii Boyer an eingefiihrten Asclepias, A. tavaresi Del Guere.

an Zitronenbiumen, Toxoptera aurantii Boyer an Kakao und

Hibiscus tiliaceus. Von den beiden genannten Aleyrodiden ist

neu Aleuroplatus (Orchamus) samoanus auf Croton,

_wahrend Neomaskellia bergii Sign. auf Zuckerrohr haufig ist.

Hopkins zahlt 28 Tagschmetterlinge der Samoanischen Fauna auf,

die sémtlich mit Ausnahme der aus Amerika eingewanderten Danaida

archippus F. éstlichen Ursprungs sind. Letztere Art erschicn 1863

in Tonga, 1867 in Tutuila, erst nach 1869 in West-Samoa. Die Raupe frift

‘an Asclepias curassavica L., der Falter besucht auBerdem die

Rliten van Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camera und

fusca undHalcyon juliae), Ornitheza metallica Schiner

(ar Aplonis brevirostris undHalecyon juliae), Lynchia

samoana n. sp. (an Merula samoensis und Myiagria

ranicorensis), Ornithoctona nigricans Leach (an Ptti-

lopus peroussi).

Von Termiten waren aus Samoa bisher nur 3 Arten bekannt, namlich

Calotermes samoanus Holmer. Prorhinotermes ino-

pinatus Silv. und Microcerotermes peraffinis Silv.

Dazu kommen noch C. repandus Hill, buxtoni Hill, xantho-

labrum Hill. Die Odonaten sind in 28 Arten, die Landisopoden in 9,

Skorpione in 2, Pseudoskorpione in 4 Arten vertreten, wihrend von Milben

bisher nur 1 Art, Uropoda samoae n. sp. bekannt ist, die auf

der Antenne einer Termite (Calotermes xantholabrum) ge-

funden wurde. Zacher (Berlin-Steglitz).

verbreitet und als durch den Menschen eingeschleppt angesehen werden

konnen. Zwei Drittel der Arten kénnen als endemisch betrachtet werden,

8 monotypische Gattungen sind endemisch. Im Vergleich dazu hat Hawaii

einen weit gréSeren Reichtum an endemischen und sehr eigenartigen Gat-

tungen. Es fehlen ginzlich die Familien der Pterophoriden und Oecophoriden.

Von Schadlingen an Kulturpflanzen werden genannt: Sphenarches

caffer Zell an Leguminosen und Cucurbitaceen, Spilonota holo-

tephras Meyr. an Guava, Crocidosema plebeiana Zell an

Hibiscus und Malvaceen, Polychrosis botrana Schiff (1 Stiick

in 2000 Fu Hohe gefangen), Argyroploce aprobola Meyr.,

polyphag an Mangifera, Cassia, Lantana, Nephelium usw., Platyedra

gossypiella Saund, Phthorimaea heliopa Lw., Labdia

promacha Meyr. in Stengeln von Leguminosen, Cajanus usw., Pachy -

rhabda antinoma Meyr. in kultivierten Farnen, Prays citri

in Trieben von Orangenbiumen, Acrocercops cramerella Snell

an Nephelium litchi und Jappaceum, Hieroxestis

citrinodes Meyr. in Fiji an faulenden Friichten von Vigna si-

nhensis.

Faleoz beschreibt die Fledermausparasiten, und zwar von den

Strebliden Ny cteribosca buxtoni (@anEmballonoma semi-

caudata Peale), von den Nycteribiiden Cyclopodia inclita

(an Pteropus samoensis Peale n. Pt. tonganus Quoy et

Gaymard). Von Hippobosciden nennt Ferris die Arten: Ornithoica

romiscua Ferris u. Cole (an Myiagra vanicorensis und

Demiegretta sacra), O. pusilla Schiner(anAplonis atri-

in Tonga, 1867 in Tutuila, erst nach 1869 in West-Samoa. Die Raupe frift

‘an Asclepias curassavica L., der Falter besucht auBerdem die

Bliiten von Ageratum conyzoides, Lantana camera und

|Stachytarpheta indica. Als Nahrpflanzen werden ferner genannt:

/Tylophora samoensis fiir die Raupe von Danaida melissa

Bie S. Ficus tinctoria fir Euploea eleutho bourkei

| Poult. und E.schmeltzi schmeltziH.S. Ks fressen die Raupen

von Acraea andromacha polynesiaca Rebel an Passi-

flora samoensis, von Melanitis leda solandra F. an

Cyperaceen, von Hypolimnas errabunda n. sp. an der ,,Samoani-

schen Erdbeere“, Cudrania (javanensis?) von H. antilope

lutescens Butl. an Pipturus incanus, von H. bolina in-

constans an Sida rhombifolia, H. bolina varik Esch.

‘an Pipturus propinquus und Sida, Issoria sinha bow-

‘denia Butl. an Xylosma suaveolens, Atella exulans

‘n.sp.an Melicytus, Papilio godeffro yi Semper an Aralia

(wurde von Hopkins nicht gefunden), Belenois java schmeltzi

n. sp. an Cucurbitaceen, Jamides argentina Prittw. an Vigna

lutea, Catachrysops cnejus samoaH.S.an Crotolaria

striata, C. lithargyra pepe n. sp. an Desmodium um-

bellatum, Zizera alsulus H. S. an Indigofera anil,

Z.labradus Godtian Indigofera anil, Desmod.umbel-

latum, in Fiji auch an Phaseolus adenanthus und Vigna

catjang, Badamia exclamationis F. an Terminalia

catappa.

An Mikrolepidopteren werden 137 Arten aufgezahlt, von denen 40 weiter

verbreitet und als durch den Menschen eingeschleppt angesehen werden

kénnen. Zwei Drittel der Arten kénnen als endemisch betrachtet werden,

8 monotypische Gattungen sind endemisch. Im Vergleich dazu hat Hawaii

einen weit gré8eren Reichtum an endemischen und sehr eigenartigen Gat-

tungen. Hs fehlen ganzlich die Familien der Pterophoriden und Oecophoriden.

Von fchadlingen an Kulturpflanzen werden genannt: Sphenarches

caffer Zell an Leguminosen und Cucurbitaceen, Spilonota holo-

tephras Meyr. an Guava, Crocidosema plebeiana Zell an

Hibiscus und Malvaceen, Polychrosis botrana Schiff (1 Stiick

in 2000 Fu8 Hohe gefangen), Argyroploce aprobola Meyr.,

polyphag an Mangifera, Cassia, Lantana, Nephelium usw., Platyedra

gossypiella Saund, Phthorimaea heliopa Lw., Labdia

promacha Meyr. in Stengeln von Leguminosen, Cajanus usw., Pach y -

rhabda antinoma Meyr. in kultivierten Farnen, Prays citri

in Tricben von Orangenbiumen, Acrocercops cramerella Snell

an Nephelium litchi und lappaceum, Hieroxestis

citrinodes Meyr. in Fiji an faulenden Friichten von Vigna si-

nensis.

Faleoz beschreibt die Fledermausparasiten, und zwar von den

Strebliden Ny cteribosca buxtoni (@anEmballonoma semi-

caudata Peale), von den Nycteribiiden Cyclopodia inclita

(an Pteropus samoensis Peale n. Pt. tonganus Quoy et

Gaymard). Von Hippobosciden nennt Ferris die Arten: Ornithoica

pecs Ferris u. Cole (an Myiagra vanicorensis und

Demiegretta sacra), O. pusilla Schiner (an Aplonis atri-

SSS Es rec3 CDi

INSECTS OF SAMOA

Part II. Fasc. l

HEMIPTERA

FULGOROIDEA

By F. Muir

(With 25 Text-figures)

Previous knowledge of the Fulgoroidea of the Samoan Islands is summed

up in a single paper published in 1921,* wherein were listed seven families,

nineteen genera, and twenty-six species. In the present contribution eight

families, twenty-seven genera, and fifty-one species are dealt with, one genus

and seventeen species being described as new. The most interesting addition

is the genus Buztomella, the affinity of which is doubtful.

All except one (Nisia atrovenosa (Leth)) of the widely distributed species

belong to the family Delphacidae, tribe Delphacini; on the other hand, the

subfamily Asiracinae is represented by one genus, which has the highest number

of endemic species of any in the Samoan group. The former feed on grass or

economic plants, whereas the latter live on trees and bushes. Nvzsia atrovenosa

also lives on grasses, and this may have something to do with its wide distribution.

The additions to the list support the general conclusion drawn previously,

that the Samoan Islands form an outpost of the Polynesian plateau, and that

they derived their Fulgorids from that region, their closest affinity being with

Fiji. The specific endemism is high, as thirty-six out of fifty-one species have,

so far, only been found in Samoa.t Two genera are endemic, Neolollius, closely

allied to Lollius, and Buxtonella, without any close allies.

* Muir (1921), “ On some Samoan Fulgorids,” Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., IV, pp. 564-584.

+ But, on the other hand, there are very few species confined to particular islands in the

Samoan group, and this is the more apparent when we remember that little collecting has been

done on Savaii and the Manua Islands.—P. A. Buxton.

Teel ih

INSECTS OF SAMOA.

The following table will indicate the distribution of the species as at present

known:

SAVAIL.

Upouv.

TUTUILA.

Manuva GROUP.

Fis1 IsLanps.

OTHER LOCALITIES.

CIXIIDAE

Andes lamononi Muir

Ptoleria baumanensis (Muir)

Ptoleria wilkesi (Muir)

Ptoleria buxtont sp. n.

Myndus roggeweint Muir .

Myndus semibrunneus sp. n.

Myndus sordidus sp. 0.

Myndus seminager sp. n.

Oliarus dumonti Muir

DELPHACIDAE

Uqyops samoaensis Muir

Ugyops kellersi Muir.

Ugyops bougainviller Muir

Ugqyops brevipennis Muir .

Ugyops wilkesi sp. n.

Ugyops rufus sp. n. .

Ugyops bryant sp. n.

Megamelus proserpina Kirk.

Peregrinus maidis (Ashi.)

Phyllodinus koebelei (Kirk.)

Sardia pluto (Kirk.) .

Perkinsiella vitiensis Kirk.

Sogata kirkaldyi (Muir)

Sogata paludum (Kirk.)

Sogata ewpompe (Kirk.)

Sogata ochrias (Kirk.) ;

Delphacodes dryope (Kirk.)

Delphacodes matanitu (Kirk.)

Dicranotropis cognata Muir

TROPIDUCHIDAE

Vanua poyert Muir .

Vanua stevensoni sp. n.

Vanua hopkins: sp. n.

MEENOPLIDAE

Nisia atrovenosa (Leth)

Nisia langlec (Muir) .

KKK K KKK

x xX

x xX X

x xX xX X

Me KK KK KK

x xX &

x x xX X X x xX XX X

x xX XXX KX

MUX OK KKK

KEK XK

Niue.

Widely distributed in Pacific.

A u ,, Lropics.

os if 5, Pacific.

Australia, Philippines, Formosa.

Niue.

Widely distributed in Pacific.

Australia.

Queensland, Philippines.

Widely distributed.

FULGOROIDEA. 3

ai)

mi 4

aialioe Wind OTHER Locatitizs.

fei gleduh puts siail le thane

2a St Lan nol Pan eae

PEWan iii ek ios

na|)|P |e | a)

Suva upolensis sp. n. x

Suva albipennis sp.n. . é Xi | xX

ACHILIDAE

Eurynomus niger Muir. 5 x

Eurynomus granulatus Muir. x x | xX

Cythna fusca sp. n. . x

DERBIDAE

Lamenia caliginea . : Silla SMe: Ose Tahiti, Ellice Is., Niue.

Phaciocephalus tutwilae Muir eX

Pyrrhoneura saccharicida Kirk. . Sau EX x | X | Tonga.

Pyrrhoneura samoensis sp. n. x x

Swezeyia lyricen Kirk. Ke OX 7X x

Levu rufulus sp.n. . inex

Levu samoensis sp. n. PST es

_ IsstpAE

Neolollius viridis Muir. : x

Capelopterum maculifrons Muir . BS ewes

LoPHOPIDAE

Buxtoniella hopkinsy g. et sp. n. Xx

Buxtoniella bryant sp. n. . Gh os

RIcANIIDAE

Plestia kellerst Muir . 4 : Sten io

Plestia anomala Muir 2 é HORS aed

CIXIIDAE

Andes Stal

1. Andes lamononi (Muir). Fig. 1.

Lewrioessa lamonons Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 567. 1921.

Savail: Safune, seven specimens, 12.v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila: Pago Pago, two specimens; Afono Trail, one specimen, 1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, one specimen ; Vaea, two specimens ; Malololelei, one speci-

men, vi.1924 ; i1., 111.1925.

4 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

The amount of variation in colour is great, ranging from a nearly immacu-

late pale tegmen to the dark, banded type. Most

species of this genus have a great range of colour

variation.

This species was previously known to occur in

Tutuila. It is very closely allied to A. tortricomorpha

(Kark.) and A. vitiensis (Kirk.), and all three may

possibly be the same species.

Trext-Fic. 1.—Andes lamo-

nont (Muir), male geni-

talia, lateral view.

Ptoleria Stal

2. Ptoleria baumanensis (Muir). Fig. 2.

Austroloma baumanensis Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 568, f. 7, 7a.

1921.

Upolu: Malololelei, twelve specimens ; Vailima, five

specimens ; Mt. Vaea, one specimen ; Apia, two specimens.

(At all times of the year.)

Tutuila: Pago Pago, twenty specimens ; Afono Trail,

six specimens ; Fagasa, four specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder).

PaxrniGg, 2. Prolene Sava: Salailua, two specimens, v.1924 (Bryan).

baumanensis gee Previously described from a specimen from Tutuila.

sp. n.; aedeagus 5 G 4 fe e

ee Ae seme There is considerable variation in colour. The Upolu

lateral view. specimens have the pattern more distinct than the others ;

those from Savaii are the darkest, and those from Tutuila the lightest.

3. Ptoleria wilkesi (Muir)

Austroloma wilkesi Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 568, f. 16. 1921.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, eighteen specimens; Afono Trail, three female

specimens, ix.1925 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savaii: Salailua, one female (Bryan), 21.v.1924.

Previously known to occur in Tutuila.

4. Ptoleria buxtoni sp. n. Fig. 3.

Male ; length 2-3 mm. ; tegmen 3-7 mm.

Lateral margins of pygofer subangularly produced in middle; genital

FULGOROIDEA, 5

styles in lateral view angular in middle, basal half narrow, parallel sided, apical

half gradually widening to apex which is slightly oblique; anal segment and

aedeagus figured. Light brown, darker over mesonotum.

Tegmina hyaline, slightly brownish, veins slightly darker, ‘

eranules numerous, small, bearing light hairs. Wings hyaline, 3

slightly fuscous, veins dark.

Female similar to male but slightly larger. a

Upolu : Apia, six specimens, i, ill., x11.1924 ; Malo- ee ee

lolelei, six specimens, v1.1924; Vailima, three specimens, Vi., Proleyia. bua

x.1924 tont Muir,

§ nee d $ \ sp. n., aede-

Tutuila: Pago Pago, six specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and agus and anal

Wilder). segment, late-

¢ , : P ral view.

The Tutuila specimens are much lghter in colour and

there is a slight difference in the male genitalia, the spine on the night side

of aedeagus being curved and recurved, and the periandrium not so swollen in

the middle.

Myndus Stal

5. Myndus roggeweini Muir

Myndus roggewein Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 1V, 3, p. 566, f. 6. 1921.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, eleven specimens; Fagasa, one specimen; Afono

Trail, 1x.1923, one specimen ; (Swezey and Wilder) ; some taken on Cyrtandra sp.

Manua: Tau, ten specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey).

Sava: Salailua, one female, 20.v.1924. (Bryan).

Upolu: Malololelei, six specimens, 11., vi.1924; xu1.1925.

Previously known from seven specimens from Tutuila. This species is

very close to Myndus vitiensis Kirk., of Fiji, which is only known from two

females.

6. Myndus semibrunneus sp. n. Fig. 4.

Male ; length 2-3 mm.; tegmen 2-6 mm.

Light brown, darker over carinae of frons, legs lighter. Tegmina hyaline,

basal portion to cross veins brown, clear hyaline beyond, veins same colour as

6 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

membrane. Wings hyaline, basal half light fuscous brown, apical half clear

hyaline, veins dark brown. Pygofer with the right

4 lateral margin produced into a small quadrate pro-

cess; anal segment with two small processes, the

one on the right side of lateral margin shorter and

with rounded apex, the one on the left side longer

and acute at apex.

; Female similar to male but slightly larger.

Text-Fia. 4.—Myndus semi- ; F

brunneus Muir, sp. n., male Upolu: Vaea, 1100 feet elevation, two speci-

genitalia, lateral view. mens, 25.iv.1924 (Bryan).

7. Myndus sordidus sp. n. Fig. 5.

Male; length 2-5 mm.; tegmen 3 mm.

Light brown, darker on frons and mesonotum

between carinae, legs lighter. Tegmina hyaline, clear,

apical cells slightly fuscous, veins slightly yellowish,

eranules minute, fairly numerous. Wings hyaline

with brown veins. Female similar to male but

shehtly larger.

Genitalia figured ; anal segment asymmetrical.

Text-ric. 5.—Myndus sordidus Savaii: Salailua, two specimens, 19.v.1924

Muir, sp. n., male genitalia,

lateral view. Bryan).

8. Myndus seminiger sp. n. Fig. 6.

Male ; length 2:3 mm. ; tegmen 2-8 mm.

Width of vertex at base subequal to length in middle, base

wider than apex, narrowest in middle, the basal part of frons

distinct in dorsal view. Sc + R fork about one-third from base,

more basad than Cu fork, M arising from Sc + R near base. In

c lateral view the apex of anal segment on each side produced into

Text-ric. 6— a flat process with narrowly rounded apex pointing basad, the

ee one on right a little shorter and blunter than the one on left.

sp. n., male Lateral margins of pygofer straight, entire. Genital styles thin,

Saas slightly curved, apex rounded. Black or deep reddish-brown,

apical half of clypeus, labium, legs, anal segment and genital

styles white or light yellow. Basal portion of tegmen to nodal line black

FULGOROIDEA. 7

or dark reddish-brown, apical portion clear hyaline. Basal portion of wings

fuscous, apical portion hyaline.

Female similar to the male.

Savaii: Described from one male and one female from Savaii, 1000 feet

elevation, 21.xi.1925.

Oliarus Stal

9. Oliarus dumonti (Muir)

Urvillea dumonti Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 569. 1921.

Savai: Safune, one male specimen, 2.v.1924, taken in rain forest 2000-4000

feet elevation (Bryan). Previously known from one male taken in Tutuila.

DELPHACIDAE

Uzgyops Guérin

This genus has a wide distribution in the tropics of the Australian, Malay

and Oriental regions, and into the Indian ocean. It is closely allied to Canyra,

of tropical America, and is the only genus of the Delphacidae which has produced

several endemic species in the Samoan group.

10. Ugyops samoaensis Muir

Ugyops samoaensis Muir, 1921. Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 573, fig. 10.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, three specimens; Amauli, two specimens, 1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder) ; Pago Pago, one specimen, xii.1925.

Upolu: Lalomanu, one specimen, x1.1924; Apia, seven specimens,

AU eMIV TVs, EX. XT

This species was previously known as occurring in Tutuila and Niue (Savage

Island).

11. Ugyops kellersi Muir

Ugyops kellerst Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 572, fig. 12a. 1921.

A long series from various localities. The specimens show .considerable

variation in colour, those from Savai being darker and those from Tutuila

lighter.

Savau: Safune, from low land to four thousand feet elevation, twenty

specimens, v.1924 (Bryan).

8 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Tutuua : Amauli, twelve specimens off Cyrtandra sp.; Fagasa, nine speci-

mens; Afono Trail, two specimens; Pago Pago, two specimens, 1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder); Pago Pago, five specimens, x11.1925 (Buxton).

Manua: Tau, four specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey).

Upolu: Leulomoega, three specimens; Tuaefu, two specimens; Apia,

two specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Lalomanu, Aleipata, two speci-

mens, x1.1924; Apia, nine specimens, il. and ii1.1924; i, ii. 1v.1925;

Malololelei, three specimens, 11., iv., x1.1924.

Previously only known to occur in Tutuila.

12. Ugyops bougainville: Muir

Ugyops bougainville: Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 574, f.9. 1921.

Upolu: Vailima, one specimen, xii.1925; Malololelei, seven specimens,

Vino vie, Exteixdt:

Savaii: Safune, one male and two females; Salailua, one male. One of

the males is dark and typically marked ; the other three specimens are uniformly

stramineous, with only a slight indication of markings on the female. The male

genitalia are similar to those of the Tutuila specimens.

Previously only known from Tutuila.

13. Ugyops brevipennis Muir

Ugyops brevipennis Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 575, fig. 11. 1921.

Savaii: Safune, 1000-4000 feet elevation, eight specimens, v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila: Afono Trail, one specimen ; Leone Road, one specimen; Amauli,

one specimen ; Pago Pago, two specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Vaea, one specimen; Tuaefu, two specimens (Swezey and Wilder) ;

Aleipata, one specimen ; Lalomanu, one specimen.

Manua: Tau, one specimen (Swezey).

There is some difference in colour, the three specimens from Vaea and

Tuaefu having the pronotum and mesonotum as well as the lighter portions of

the tegmina much lighter and more uniform. Previously only known to exist

in Tutuila.

14. Ugyops wilkesi sp. n. Figs. 7, 8.

Male; length 4 mm. ; tegmen 3-8 mm.

Vertex longer than wide, the medio-lateral carinae continued on to the

frons separately, the V carina obscure. The frons with two median carinae

FULGOROIDEA. 9

separate to apex, at base near together then gradually separating. Fork of

Sc + R slightly basad of Cu fork. Ventral view of male genitalia figured ;

lateral margins of pygofer produced into a thin process ; medio ventral margin

produced into a single, rounded

process. Light brown; the

carinae of head darker brown, 8

crimson between the median

carinae of frons. Tegmina and

wings hyaline, very slightly

tinged with brown, veins darker

brown.

Female; length 4 mm. ;

tegmen 4-5 mm. Similar to the

male in build and colour except Text-rie. 7.—Ugyops wilkest TExt-rie. 8.—Ugyops

: i Muir, sp. n., head, dorsal wilkest Muir, sp. n.,

a little darker, especially on ae male genitalia, ven-

nota; the abdominal terga and tral view.

sterna also darker brown.

Tutuila: Leone Road, one male and one female, 1x.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder).

Sava: Salailua, one female, v.1924 (Bryan). The Savail specimen is

darker than those from Tutuila.

15. Ugyops rufus sp. n. Fig. 9.

Female ; length 5-6 mm. ; tegmen 3:8 mm.

Brachypterous ; tegmina reaching to about apex of ninth abdominal

segment, wings nearly as long as tegmina. Vertex project-

ing well in front of eyes, medio-lateral carinae continuing

on to the frons separately, a very slight V carina, base of

vertex straight. Frons much longer than wide, gradually

widening from base to near apex then slightly narrowing,

two median carinae separate to the apex. Rufous; legs pyyame. 9.—Ugyops

and apical portion of abdomen brownish. Tegminarufous, = rufus Muir, sp. n..

the base, the basal margin of costal cell, the cell between pene dora) view.

second claval and commissure, and the apical Cu and M cell from the cross

veins to apex, but not the margins, shiny black.

10 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 feet elevation, one female, vi.1924.

Sava: Safune, 2000-4000 feet elevation, one female, v.1924 (Bryan).

16. Ugyops bryani sp. n. Fig. 10.

Female ; length 5°5 mm. ; tegmen 4-6 mm.

Length of vertex subequal to width, carinae fairly distinct on basal half,

obscure on apical half, two very obscure carinae on

middle of frons continuing to apex separately. Vertex

and frons reddish-brown, genae and clypeus lighter ;

pronotum and mesonotum reddish-yellow, the latter

Taste. 10s Woy Sp redder than the former; antennae, legs and abdomen

bryant Muir, sp. n., reddish-brown. 'Tegmina reddish yellow, veins slightly

Tene STE] Hew: darker, slightly fuscous across middle from apex of

clavus to costa, continuing along R and M to near apex.

Savaii: Safune, 2000-4000 feet elevation, v.1924 (Bryan).

Megamelus Fieber

17. Megamelus proserpina Kirk.

Megamelus proserpina Kirkaldy, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., III, p. 147. 1907.

Savail: Safune, 1000-2000 feet elevation, a long series of young and adults,

v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila: Leone Road, a long series of both sexes; Pago Pago, two speci-

mens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, twelve specimens, vil.1924; Malololelei, one specimen,

1v.1925.

This is a common species on taro (Colocasva esculenta ; Araceae). Previously

known to occur in Fiji, Savage Island (Niue), Queensland, Amboina, Java and

Philippines.

Peregrinus Kirkaldy

18. Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead)

Delphax maidis, Ashmead, Psyche, V, p. 323. 1890.

Upolu: One male specimen from Apia, 11.1924.

This species is known as the “ corn hopper ” and is cosmotropical, also extending

beyond the tropics into South Africa, North America and Australia.

FULGOROIDEA. 11

Phyllodinus Van Duzee

19. Phyllodinus koebelei (Kirk.)

Phacalastor koebelec Kirkaldy, Hawawan Sugar Planters’ Association Ent,

Bull., 1, p. 408. 1906.

Savaii: Safune, two specimens, v.1924 (Bryan). There are also three.

specimens from Vila, Efate Is., New Hebrides, June 1925.

This species would be placed in Dicranotropis, but has flattened and very

slightly expanded front legs, so that it is best regarded as a Phyllodinus. This

may necessitate a new specific name, since koebelec Osborn has priority, but for

the present it is best to let it stand as it is.

Previously known to be found in Fiji, Queensland, New Guinea, Ceram,

Borneo and Philippines.

Sardia Melichar

20, Sardia pluto (Kirkaldy)

Hadeodelphax pluto Kirkaldy, Hawavian Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., I, p. 410. 1906.

Upolu: Apia, forty specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); and two

specimens ili. and xi. (Buxton and Hopkins).

Tutuila: Pago Pago, twelve specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Previously known to exist in Australia, Fiji, Philippines, Formosa and

Tutuila.

Perkinsiella Kirk.

21. Perkinsiella vitiensis Kirk.

Perkinsiella vitiensis Kirkaldy, Hawawan Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., I, (9), p. 406. 1906.

Tutuila: Amauli, twelve specimens; Fagasa, one specimen; Afono Trail,

seventeen specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Leone Road, two speci-

mens, 11.1924 (Bryan).

Upolu: Apia, six specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Manua, Tau: seventeen specimens, ix. (Swezey).

Attached to sugar cane. Previously known as occurring in Fiji and Niue.

12 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Sogata Distant

22, Sogata kirkaldyi (Muir)

Kelisia kirkaldyi Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., III, 4, p. 329. 1917.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, forty specimens, x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder), on

Sporobolus sp.

Upolu: Apia, thirty-four specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder), on

Sporobolus sp.

Formerly met with in Fiji, Queensland, Philippines, and Formosa. It is

closely related to Sogata paludum (Kirk.).

23. Sogata paludum (Kirk.)

Kelisia paludum Kirkaldy, Fauna Hawaviensis, I, (7), p. 579. 1910.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, nine specimens; Amauli, one specimen, 1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, two specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

This species is widely distributed in the Pacific, and has been taken in

Jamaica. The Samoan specimens are darker than those found in Hawaiia.

24. Sogata eupompe (Kirk.)

Delphax”’ eupompe Kirkaldy, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., UI, p. 162. 1907.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, a long series of adults and young; Amauli, a long

series, 1x.1924 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, sixteen specimens, ix.1924 (Swezey and Wilder).

Previously known to occur in Queensland and Fiji.

25. Sogata ochrias (Kirkaldy)

Delphax”’ ochrias Kirkaldy, Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., I, p. 157. 1907.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, thirty-five specimens of adults and young, ix., x.

1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, two specimens on Sporobolus sp. ix.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder).

Previously known to be found in Fiji and Australia.

FULGOROIDEA. 13

Delphacodes Fieber

26. Delphacodes dryope (Kirk.)

“ Delphax”’ dryope Kirkaldy, Hawanan Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., Il], p. 154. 1907.

Upolu: Apia, a long series of young and adults on Sporobolus sp. and Ber-

muda grass, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Previously known to exist in Queensland and Fiji.

27. Delphacodes matanitu (Kirk.)

Delphax”’ matamtu Karkaldy, Hawawan Sugar Planters’ Association Ent.

Bull., WI, p. 155... 1907.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, two brachypterous specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder).

Previously known as occurring in Fiji, Queensland and New Guinea. It is

exceedingly closely allied to Delphacodes ngripennis (Crawford), of Nicaragua

and Jamaica.

Dicranotropis Fieber

28. Dicranotropis cognata Muir

Dicranotropis cognata Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., II, 4, p. 317, pl. VI,

neso4, 340, 1917: LV, 3,4p..575. 1921.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, four specimens, iv.1918 (Kellers). Also found in

Queensland, Fiji, and Philippine Islands.

TROPIDUCHIDAE

Only one genus of this family has been found in Samoa.

Vanua Kirkaldy

Vanua Kirkaldy, Hawauan Sugar Planters’ Association Ent. Bull., I, p. 413.

1906.

This genus was erected by Kirkaldy in 1906 for Vanua vitiensis, of Fiji ;

in 1907 Distant described the Australian Ficarasa straminea, which Melichar

placed in Vanua; in 1921 Muir described Vanua poyert, from specimens from

Tutuila, and Vanua angusta, from material from Niue (Savage Island). The

14 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

specimens under consideration include representatives of three more species; V.

stevensom and V. hopkinsi, of Samoa, and another new species found in Tonga.

So far as present knowledge goes, this appears to be a South Pacific genus straying

into Australia. The male genitalia are peculiar in having the genital styles

amalgamated into a single asymmetrical structure with a process on the left

side, and in having the anal segment fastened to the pygofer so that it possesses

little or no movement.

29. Vanua poyeri Muir. Fig. 11.

Vanua poyert Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 579. 1921; Muir,

t.c. V. 2, p. 238, £20. 1923.

Tutuila: one female Fagasa, 9.1x.1923; one

female Pago Pago, 30.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

one male Afono Trail, 25.1x.1923 (Swezey).

Upolu: Three males and two females from

Malololelei, 2000 feet elevation vi., vil., 1x.1924. The

dorsal view of the female genitalia is figured from a

paratype.

Previously known to occur in Tutuila.

TExt-FIG.11.—Vanua poyert

Muir, female genitalia,

dorsal view.

30. Vanua stevenson sp. n.

Male; length 5:3 mm.; tegmen 7 mm.

In build similar to V. poyert but smaller. The left anal angle of pygofer

is rounded and curved inward, the right angle is slightly produced and curved

inward ; the anal segment on the right with the under side near middle produced

into an angular projection. Light green, turning to stramineous in older cabinet

specimens ; carinae of vertex slightly tinged with red. Tegmina hyaline, veins

ereen, commissure from angle to apex of clavus black; second claval vein red

extending to hind margin beyond clavus. Wings hyaline with stramineous veins.

Upolu: Described from two male specimens, one from Vailima, 19. x.1925,

and one from Malololelei, 2000 feet elevation, 23.xi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

There is one damaged female from Malololelei, which has the dark mark

along the commissure ; the insect appears to belong to this species, but since it

is without a head I do not include it in the type material: in this specimen

FULGOROIDEA. 15

the anal segment is subacute at the apex, and the arrangement of the apical

spines of the styles is distinct.

31. Vanua hopkinsi sp. n. Figs. 12, 13.

Male; length 7-2 mm.; tegmen 8-4 mm.

Width of vertex slightly greater than length from middle of apex to lateral

basal angles. In build typical of genus. Left anal angle of pygofer sub-

quadrately produced and turned inward, right side produced into a small,

Trext-Fic. 12.—Vanua hopkinst Muir, sp. n., Text-ria. 13.—Vanua hopkinsi Muir,

male genitalia, lateral view. sp. n., female genitalia, dorsal view.

slender, finger-like process which is curved inward ; anal segment at anus curved

downward with the apex rounded; aedeagus slender, apex of periandrium

membraneous on dorsal aspect where it can be inflated to some extent ; penis

small, spimelike. Green, in some specimens, stramineous. Tegmina clear

hyaline, veins light green ; in some specimens there is a distinct light mark along

the first claval vein. Wings clear hyaline, veins light green.

Female slightly larger than male, but otherwise similar. The female genitalia

are shorter than in V. poyerz, and the apex of the anal segment is emarginate.

Upolu: four males and four females from Malololelei, 2000 feet elevation,

Vi., Vil., X1.1924 ; iv.1925.

Another new species of this genus is known to the writer from specimens

from Tonga (Hopkins).

MEENOPLIDAE

The most characteristic feature of this family is the shape of the abdominal

tergites, especially the sixth, seventh and eighth. These are shaped like an

16 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

inverted V, decrease in size posteriorly, and lie one against the other or

even telescope into one another ; the greater part of the surface of the sixth,

seventh and eighth, especially in the female, bears wax glands and, in the female,

long wax filaments. The general facies, the granulated clavus and Sc + R,

and, in many species, the median ocellus, all distinguish this family from

others. In view of the fact that the species, as well as the genera, are all closely

related one to another, the study of the male genitalia is essential to the correct

understanding of the species and, perhaps, of the genera also.

Nisia Melichar

32. Nisia atrovenosa (Lethierry)

Upolu: Apia, three specimens, 28.v.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins); one

specimen, 13.1x.23 (Swezey and Wilder).

Tutuila: Pago Pago, two specimens, 20.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

As identified at present, this species has a wide distribution in Indo-Malaya,

Africa and Australia.

33. Nisia langlei (Muir)

Meenoplus langlec Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 1V, 3, p. 570, figs. 3, 3a. 1921.

A long series from various localities.

Tutuila: Amauli, fifty-nine specimens, from Cyrtandra, 6.1x.1923 ; Pago

Pago, ten specimens, 9 and 30.1x.1923 ; Fagasa, one specimen, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey

and Wilder).

Upolu: Maloiolelei, one specimen, 20.v1.24 (J. S. Armstrong).

Previously known to be found in Tutuila.

Suva Kirkaldy

34. Suva upolensis sp. n. Figs. 14, 15.

Male ; length 2mm. ; tegmen 3-3 mm.

In build and colour similar to Suva koebeler Kirk. At base of vertex two

small acute triangles, which by some are considered to represent the vertex ;

no median carina on vertex or frons. First claval vein heavily granulate,

Sec + R without granules. Median ocellus present but obscure.

The genitalia figured ; they differ considerably from those of S. koebelev.

Light yellow, heavily covered with white, powdery, waxy secretion, eyes

FULGOROIDEA. 17

black. Tegmina hyaline, slightly opalescent and slightly opaque with waxy

secretion ; a dark mark runs from apex of R over R to cross veins, then over

noe

Trext-rie. 14.—Suva upolensis Muir, Trext-ric. 15.—Suva upolensis Muir,

sp. n., male genitalia, lateral view. sp. n., male genitalia, ventral view.

basal portion of M. to base; veins light yellow. Wings hyaline with slightly

fuscous veins, white with very waxy secretion.

Female ; similar to male but slightly larger.

Upolu: Vailima, two males; Malololelei two females, 15.1v., 8.vi.1924.

In colour and build this species is very like S. koebelet, but there are ditter-

ences in the genitalia.

35. Suva albipennis sp. n. Figs. 16, 17.

Male ; length 2 mm. ; tegmen 3-6 mm.

The lateral carinae on the clypeus are somewhat obscure but can be made

out if the specimen is held at a certain angle. First claval vein and Sc + R

oranulate. The genitalia are figured. They closely resemble those of S. koebelez,

TEext-FIG. 16.—Suva albipennis Muir, Trxt-Fic. 17.—Suva albipennis Muir,

sp. n., male genitalia, lateral view. sp. n., male genitalia, ventral view.

of Fiji, but are distinct; they are also easily distinguished from those

of S. upolensis, Nisia langler and N. atrovenosa. Light yellow; tegmina and

wings hyaline with yellow veins, all covered with a white, powdery, waxy secre-

tion. The apical cells of the tegmina are slightly tinged with yellow.

The female is similar to the male, but slightly larger. The wax-secreting

areas on the eighth abdominal tergites are large.

Upolu: Malololelei, twenty-two specimens, il., iv., vi., xi., xii. (Buxton

bey! 2

18 INSECTS OF SAMOA,

and Hopkins) ; one specimen, vi.1924 (J. 8. Armstrong) ; Apia, one specimen,

20.11.1925.

Savau: Salailua, eight specimens, v.1924 (Bryan).

ACHILIDAE

This family needs thorough revision ; nothing has been done to bring the

genera together in a broad way since Stal’s work was published in 1866. Distant,

Kirkaldy and others have tabulated the genera of restricted areas, but have not

compared them with those found elsewhere.

The genera Hurynomeus and Cythna are closely allied, and FE. granulatus is

somewhat intermediate, so that it is possible that they will have to be combined.

In Cythna, the areolets at the apex of the vertex are visible in dorsal view,

whereas in Lurynomeus they are more frontal and not visible.

Eurynomeus Kirk.

36. Eurynomeus niger Muir

Eurynomeus mger Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 572. 1921.

Tutuila: One female specimen from Afono Trail, 25.ix.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder).

Previously met with in Tutuila.

37. Eurynomeus granulatus Muir

Eurynomeus grawulatus Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 571, fig. 1, a-d.

1921.

Savail: Safune, two specimens, 2.v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila: Pago Pago, one specimen, 30.ix.1925 (Swezey and Wilder).

Manua: Tau, one specimen, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey).

Previously found in Tutuila.

Cythna Kirk.

38. Cythna fusca sp. n.

Female ; length 2-7 mm.; tegmen 3:3 mm.

Dark shiny fuscous brown, slightly lighter between lateral carinae of

mesonotum ; apical half of frons, the clypeus, labium and coxae yellow or light

brown. ‘Tegmina dark shiny brown uniform with thorax.

FULGOROIDEA. 19

Upolu: described from two females from Malololelei, 10.11.1924 (Buxton

and Hopkins).

DERBIDAE

Lamenia Stal

39. Lamenia caliginea Stal

Delphaa caliginea Stil, Ofv. K. Vet. Ak. Forh., p. 246. 1854.

Lamenia caliginea Stal, Eugenes Resa, Zool., p. 277, Pl. IV, f. 5. 1859.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, thirteen specimens ; Leone Road, twenty specimens :

Afono Trail, eight specimens; Amauli, three specimens; Fagasa, three speci-

mens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savai: Safune, seven specimens, v.1924 (Bryan).

Manua: Tau, eleven specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Leulumoega, seven specimens; Apia, one specimen; Tuaefa, one

specimen, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Vailima, one specimen; Aleipata,

two specimens ; Apia, three specimens, iil., iv., v., V1.

Ellice Islands: Nui, three female specimens which agree with Samoan

examples, 111.1925 (Buxton).

Tonga: Neiafu, Vavau Group, one male and one female, 11.1924 (Hopkins).

This species was originally described from specimens from Tahiti, and was

later reported from Tutuila and Niue (Savage Island).

Phaciocephalus Kirkaldy

40. Phaciocephalus tutuilae Muir

Phaciocephalus tutwilae Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., 1V, 3, p. 576. 1921.

Upolu: Apia, three specimens; Malololelei, three specimens; Vailima,

one specimen, ll., li., iv., Vi., vill.1924.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, thirty-two specimens ; Leone Road, three specimens ;

Amauli, three specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Savaii: Safune, one specimen; Salailua, one specimen, v.1924 (Bryan).

Manua: Tau, twelve specimens, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

This species is closely allied to P. witiensis. Previously only known to

occur in Tutuila, where it is evidently common.

20 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Pyrrhoneura Kirkaldy

41. Pyrrhoneura saccharicida Kirkaldy

Pyrrhoneura saccharicida Kirkaldy, Hawauan Sugar Planters’ Association

Ent. Bull., I, 9, p. 435, 1906; op.c. Bull. III, p. 170, f. 4. 1907.

Sava: Safune, three specimens; Salailua, one specimen, v.1924 (Bryan).

Fagamalo, one specimen, 1x.1925.

Upolu: Apia, five specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ; eleven speci-

mens, 1., lil., lv., V., Vil, vill., xii.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Aleipata,

Lalomanu, two specimens, x1.1924.

Manua: Tau, ten specimens, 1x.1923 (Swezey).

Tonga: Neiafu, Vavau, one specimen, 111.1925 (Hopkins),

Previously found in Fiji.

42, Pyrrhoneura samoensis sp. n. Fig. 18.

Male: length 2-6 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.

Shoulder keel very small ; antennae much longer than head, reaching nearly

to apex of head. Genitalia figured.

Stramineous, slightly fuscous on the abdomen,

much powdered waxy secretion over the head and

thorax.

Tegmina fuscous, pale hyaline over base, most of

clavus on to fork of Cu, basal half of C cell, a small

Munger le Damiene re spot about the position of stigma and another at apex

samoensis Muir, sp. n., of Ms 8, veins reddish, darker at cross veins between

male genitalia,lateral view. 7s 3 to 5, the whole tegmen covered with white waxy

powder. Wings light fuscous with darker veins.

Upolu: Malololelei, four male specimens.

This species can be distinguished from P. saccharicida by its lighter colour,

and by its genitalia, especially the anal segment.

Swezeyia Kirkaldy

Swezeyia Kirk., Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association Ent. Bull., I. (9),

p- 430, males. 1906.

Phantasmatocera Kirk., t. c. p. 480, 1906, females.

Nesophantasma Kirk., op. c. I, p. 177. 1907.

FULGOROIDEA. 21

When describing Phantasmatocera fuscofasciata, the writer pointed out that

the male possessed a head similar to that of Swezeyra laratica, and the female

a head resembling that of P. vitiensis. Now that we have evidence that S.

lyricen Kirk. is the male of P. vitvensis Wirk., there is no necessity to try to

keep the two genera apart. Nesophantasma has no characters by which it can

be separated from Swezeyra.

43. Swezeyia lyricen Kirk.

Swezeyra lyricen Kirk., t. c. Pl. XXX, f. 10. 1906.

Phantasmatocera vitiensis Kirk., t. c. p. 431, Pl. XXVIII, figs. 1-3. 1906.

There is a long series of males which are S. lyricen, and a similar series of

females which are P. vitiensis. Since we know that there are great sexual

differences in the head of allied species, we must conclude that these are the

sexes of the same species.

Savai: Safune, twenty-five males and twenty-three females, v.1924

(Bryan) ; Tuasivi, one specimen, 11.1924.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, six males and seven females ; Leone Road, two females ;

Amauli, two males, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: Apia, two females, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); one male,

four females, 11., iv., vili.1924. Malololelei, one male and one female; Vailima,

one female, 11.1925.

Previously met with in Fin.

Levu Kirkaldy

44, Levu rufulus sp. n.

Female: length 2-3 mm.; tegmen 4 mm.

Shoulder keels well developed.

Stramineous: slightly reddish on dorsum. Tegmina hyaline, uniformly

reddish fuscous, veins slightly darker. Hind margin of pregenital plate angularly

produced from sides to middle.

The lateral carinae of frons meet together from base to beyond middle,

thus placing the present species in the genus Levu ; otherwise it is very similar

to Decora haematoneura (Kirkaldy), placed by Kirkaldy in Rhotana Walker,

but as the shoulder keels are well developed, and the lateral carinae of frons do

not meet together, we have to consider it as a Decora,

22 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

45. Levu samoensis sp.n. Fig. 19.

Male: length 15 mm.; tegmen 3-4 mm.

The lateral carmae of vertex and frons touching one another from near

base of vertex to near apex of frons; shoulder keel large, well defined.

Stramineous: tegmina hyaline, slightly shiny, veins mostly white, apical

cross veins and the main veins near them fuscous extending into membrane,

fuscous over apical portion of cubitus, fuscous from middle of costa to apex

of clavus, the fork at the apex of Sc and M darker than

the rest, making two small Vs. The amount of infus-

cation varies considerably, being in some specimens

practically absent, in others quite distinct. Wings hyaline,

white, veins white.

The genitalia figured; there is a short pointed pro-

ee ae eee jection on each side of the anal segment. There are no

sp. n., male geni- signs of a distinct basal plate or of any basal plate

talia, lateral view. a yodeme. The ejaculatory duct is large as it passes out of

the basal foramen of the aedeagus, thus forming a chamber.

Female: length 2-4 mm.; tegmen 4-6 mm.

The fuscous marking on veins and membrane more distinct than in the

male. One female from Upolu is fuscous all over the tegmina with fuscous

veins.

Savaii: Safune, fifteen specimens, v.1924 (Bryan).

Upolu: Apia, one specimen, i1i.1924; Vailima, two specimens, i1.,

11.1925 ; Malololelei, five specimens, iv., xi., xii.

Tutuila: Afono Trail, one specimen; Amauli, one specimen, 1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder).

ISSIDAE

Neolollius Muir

Neolollius Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, No. 3, p. 584. 1921.

So far this genus is only known to occur in Samoa, where it is represented

solely by the genotype.

46. Neolollius viridis Muir.

Neolollius viridis Muir, t. c., p. 584, figs. 8, 8a. 1921.

FULGOROIDEA. 23

Tutuila: two male specimens from Afono Trail, 25.ix.1923 (Swezey and

Wilder).

Previously found in Tutuila.

Capelopterum Melichar

Capelopterum Melichar, Abh. K.K. zool.-bot. Ges. Wien, III, 4, p. 210.

1906.

The seven species placed by Melichar in this genus are distributed from

Ceylon to the Solomon Islands; one species is known to occur in Samoa, and

one in Niue (Savage Island).

47. Capelopterum maculifrons Muir

Capelopterum maculifrons Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., TV, 3, p. 582. 1921.

Upolu: twenty-eight specimens from various localities, and various

collectors.

Tutuila: four specimens from Pago Pago, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

14.x11.1925.

Savail: two specimens from Fagamalo, xi.1925.

Previously known to occur in Tutuila.

LOPHOPIDAE

Buxtoniella g. n.

Head slightly narrower than thorax ; length of vertex in middle 1-5 times

the width, apex slightly rounded, base slightly emarginate, a very faint trans-

verse mark near apex and a very faint longitudinal line down middle, two

small depressions near base, sides nearly straight. Frons gradually widening

for basal two-thirds, then more suddenly narrowing to apex, leaving the sides

angular at that point where a ridge runs across the gena beneath the antennae ;

an exceedingly faint medio longitudinal carina. Clypeus without lateral carinae,

median carina distinct. Pronotum slightly shorter than vertex, base straight,

three carinae, the middle anteriorly faint; mesonotum slightly shorter than

pronotum. First segment of antennae as wide as long, second segment terite,

considerably longer than wide. The front and middle legs distinctly flattened

and broadened.

24 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Tegmina thick, fairly narrow, apex narrowed and rounded, reaching beyond

apex of abdomen; suture distinct; claval veins forking slightly distad of

middle, ending in apex of clavus, a distinct longitudinal median ridge from

base to shortly before middle; venation obscure, forming a reticulation over

most of the tegmen. Wings rudimentary.

The male genitalia consists of an outer, subtubular, curved periandrium

with an inner penis which is tubular at base and produced into two processes,

each bearing a curved process near middle; the bridge is large. The female

genitalia have the ovipositor sheaths (dorsal valves) developed into a pair

of flat discs, which secrete wax ; the apex of the anal segment is produced into

a pair of flattened appendages, which also secrete wax.

The position of this genus is an enigma to the writer. Superficially it

appears to belong to the Issidae ; but the genitalia of both sexes and the frons

suggest the Lophopidae, and it appears best to place it in the group containing

Kasserota and allies, which, according to Baker’s classification, would be in the

subfamily Acarinae, of the family Lophopidae. The morphology of the

Kurybrachidae, Lophopidae and Issidae requires a much closer study than has

been accorded to it, in order to establish better characters for their separation.

48. Buxtoniella hopkinsi sp. n. Figs. 20-25.

Male; length 3-4 mm. ; tegmen 3 mm.

Frons, clypeus and genae shiny black, a small yellow mark on gena at its

junction with side of clypeus, at base of frons a transverse green band, vertex

brownish. Anterior portion and lateral areas of pronotum black, shiny, posterior

portion yellowish with a tinge of green; mesonotum black; antennae dark

brown. Legs black or dark brown, shiny, anterior, thin portion of first and

second tibiae white; hind tarsi pale. Abdominal segments dark brown,

hind margin of sternites yellowish. Tegmina on basal half or two-thirds shiny

black, apical portion white, reticulations with dark brown or black spaces.

Anal segment about as wide as long, base narrow, suddenly widening ;

genital styles large, meeting together in middle line and forming a cover like

the bow of a boat.

Female; length 4.6 mm.; tegmen 4-9 mm.

In build like male. Frons light yellow, base with a band of green between

two bands of red, vertex pale with a reddish tinge, clypeus brown. Anterior

half and lateral areas of pronotum reddish-brown, posterior portion greenish,

FULGOROIDEA. 25

mesonotum reddish-brown. Legs dark brown, without white seen in male.

Otherwise as in male.

Described from six males and seven females.

Text-ries. 20-25.—Buatoniella hopkinsi Muir, gen. et sp. n.: fig. 20, head and thorax, dorsal

view ; fig. 21, head, front view; fig. 22, penis, lateral view; fig. 23, bridge and apodeme,

hind view ; fig. 24, periandrium, lateral view; fig. 25, anal segment and dorsal valve.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2000 feet elevation, taken on Freycinetia sp.,

25.1v.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Malololelei, two males and five females,

iv.1924 (Bryan).

49. Buxtoniella bryani sp. n.

Female : length 3-8 mm.: tegmen 5-4 mm.

In general build similar to B. hopkinsv.

Vertex reddish-brown, base of frons with an obscure greenish band, rest of

frons and the clypeus except apex dark brown, apex of clypeus and labium

pale ; antennae and legs dark brown, apical half of hind tibiae and hind tarsi

26 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

pale ; abdomen yellowish. Base of tegmina to apex of clavus and the pronotum

and mesonotum black, rest of tegmina white or slightly yellowish, the veins and

membrane being of the same colour.

Savail: one female from Safune, v.1924 (Bryan).

RICANTIDAE

So far only one genus of this family has been reported from Samoa.

Plestia Stal

50. Plestia kellersi Muir

Plestia kellerst Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 577. 1921.

Savail: nineteen specimens from Safune, in lower forest, 1000-2000 feet

elevation, v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila : seven specimens from Pago Pago, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

one specimen from Afono Trail, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: one specimen from Tuaefu, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ; three

specimens from Apia, 111.1924.

The specimens from Tutuila have the apical margin of the tegmen more

extensively and distinctly margined with fuscous. The four specimens from

Upolu have still less fuscous.

Previously known to occur in Tutuila.

51. Plestia anomala Muir

Plestia anomala Muir, Proc. Haw. Ent. Soc., IV, 3, p. 578, fig. 5. 1921.

Savaii: nineteen specimens from Safune, lower forest, 1000-2000 feet

elevation, v.1924 (Bryan).

Tutuila: six specimens from Pago Pago, three from Gafasa and one from

Afono Trail, 1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Upolu: one specimen from Tuaefa, ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); and

three from Apia, 11.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Previously met with in Tutuila,

Text-fig.

10.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

idl

18.

19:

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

FULGOROIDEA. 27

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES

Andes lamononi, male genitalia, lateral view.

. Ptoleria baumanensis, aedeagus and anal segment, lateral view.

. Ptoleria buxtoni, aedeagus and anal segment, lateral view.

. Myndus semibrunneus, male genitalia, lateral view.

Myndus sordidus, male genitalia, lateral view.

. Myndus semanger, male genitalia, lateral view.

. Ugyops wilkesi, head, dorsal view.

. Ugyops wilkesi, male genitalia, ventral view.

. Ugyops rufus, head, dorsa! view.

Ugyops bryant, head, dorsal view.

Vanua poyert, female genitalia, dorsal view.

Vanua hopkinsi, male genitalia, lateral view.

Vanua hopkinsi, female genitalia, dorsal view.

Suva upolensis, male genitalia, lateral view.

Suva upolensis, male genitalia, ventral view.

Suva albipennis, male genitalia, lateral view.

Suva albipennis, male genitalia, ventral view.

Pyrrhoneura samoensis, male genitalia, lateral view.

Levu samoensis, male genitalia, lateral view.

Buztoniella hopkinst, head and thorax, dorsal view.

head, front view.

penis, lateral view.

bridge and apodeme, hind view.

periandrium, leteral view.

anal segment and dorsal valve.

PSYLLIDAE (CHERMIDAE)

By Pror. D. L. Crawrorp, Honolulu

(With 4 Text-figures)

Tus family is well represented in the fauna of the South Pacific Islands, a

certain degree of resemblance indicating a close relationship in the species of

the various islands, and a tendency toward general distribution of many of the

species.

In the collections submitted to me by Dr. Buxton, and by the Bishop

Museum in Honolulu, seven species of Psyllidae are represented.

PAUROPSYLLINAE

1. Paurocephala wilderi sp. n. (Text-fig. 1.)

Resembling P. psylloptera Crawford, but smaller. Length of body, female

about 1-0 to 1:5 mm., male less than 1 mm. Colour dark chocolate-brown to

black, except legs, base of antennae and metasternum, and sometimes the

ventral portion of abdomen light brown or straw

colour.

Head short, nearly as broad as thorax,

deflexed ; vertex smooth, with posterior ocelli

only a little elevated. Antennae about one and

a half times as long as width of head including Texvr-ric. 1—Paurocephala wilderi

eyes. Hyes rather small, usually brown or black. Cay ee Syren.

Thorax arched, relatively broad, smooth, finely reticulated. Metascutellum

with a small, blunt epiphysis, dorsad. Legs slender. Forewings a little longer

than body, clear except a brownish area in apical portion. Hind wings smaller,

clear.

Abdomen of female dark brown or black, with a few ight brown markings ;

30 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

male with ventral portion of abdomen yellow-brown. Genital segment of

female sharply deflexed, acutely pointed.

Tutuila, eleven females and seventeen males, collected by Swezey and

Wilder, 22.ix.1923, on “ Ficus No. 8”; also one male taken by A. F. Judd

at Tau, Manua Group, 24.11.1926, and one male on the Leone Road, Tutuila,

19.11.1924 (Bryan).

CARSIDARINAE

2. Tyora buxtoni sp. n. (Text-fig. 2.)

Related to 7. congrua Walker, but specifically quite distinct and smaller.

General colour dark brown, with lighter streaks on dorsum of thorax and

the ventral portion of abdomen mostly light brown ; antennae black or brown,

basal segment lighter; legs dark; forewings

with broad dark brown band along posterior

margin and narrower band along each vein,

giving a general dark appearance to forewings ;

Trxt-Fic. 2.—Tyora buatont Crawt., hindwings clear.

Spee yuren Body (of male) about 3 mm. long, slender ;

forewings 4 mm. long ; antennae 2°5 mm. long.

Head small; vertex nearly flat, with posterior margin raised a little and

posterior ocelli elevated ; front ocellus between bases of antennae, which are

somewhat enlarged and give a birostrate appearance to front of head. Antennae

slender and several times as long as width of head. Rostrum long and

conspicuous.

Thorax not strongly arched, moderately broad; legs slender, with con-

spicuous spur at base of hind tibiae. Forewings long and slender, tapering to a

point at apex, with veins conspicuous ; two pseudo-crossveins as is typical of

this genus.

Upolu, two males, at Lalomanu, Aleipata, 29.11., x1.1924.

Tyora appears to be a South Pacific genus, somewhat related to Carsidara

and Tenaphalara. The two other known species of this genus are T'yora congrua

Walker, and Tyora ornata (Kirkaldy), first described in the genus Nesiope.

Other species have been erroneously referred to this genus: 7’. hiboscz Froggatt

should be known as Mesohomotoma hibisci (Froggatt); T. imdica Crawford

PSYLLIDAE (CHERMIDAK). 3]

should be known as Mesohomotoma lutheri (Enderlein) ; 7. sterculiae Froggatt

does not belong to the present genus but should be referred to another, perhaps

Neocarsidara.

3. Meschomotoma camphorae Kuwayama *

Several specimens from Samoa, and a large number in another collection

from Fiji, agree in every respect with Kuwayama’s description of this Formosan

species. It would appear to be a widely distributed species in the South Pacific

Islands. This species in Formosa, however, was found on camphor trees while

the Fiji specimens before me were taken on foliage of the milo tree, which is

somewhat related to Hibiscus. A very closely similar species (L'yora habiscr

Froggatt) was described in 1901 as occurring on Hibiscus foliage in Australia.

While I have not had the opportunity of examining authentic specimens of

Froggatt’s species, there is no doubt that the Formosan species is either identical

with it or differentiated only by very minor characteristics. The fact that the

milo tree is rather closely related to Hibiscus is of special interest in this

connection.

Apia, Upolu, two males and two females, 30.1v.1925; one female,

Pago Pago, 14.x11.1925; one male and three females, Pago Pago, 12.iv.1924

(Bryan).

There are a number of psyllid nymphs taken on Hibiscus foliage on Efate

Island, New Hebrides, by P. A. Buxton, 3.viil.1925. These may be nymphs

of Mesohomotoma hibiscr (Froggatt), or perhaps of M. camphorae.

TRIOZINAE

4. Megatrioza asiatica Crawford +

Two specimens of this species were taken on Tutuila, by Swezey and

Wilder, 5.ix.1923.

5. Megatrioza vitiensis (Kirkaldy) +

This widely distributed species was found by Bryan on Tutuila,

* Trans. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc., Vol. IL, p. 180. 1907.

{ Philippine Journ. Science, Vol. X, p. 266, 1915; t. c. Vol. XV, p. 197. 1919.

t Troza vitiensis Kirkaldy—Proc. Hawaiian Ent. Soc., Vol. 1, p. 103. 1907. Megatrioza

vitiensis (Kirk.) Crawford—Philippine Journ. Science, Vol. XV, p. 195. 1919.

32 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

dad

7.1x.1924, thirty-three specimens of both sexes having been collected by him on

foliage of Hugenta malaccensis, the common food plant of this species.

6. Megatrioza swezeyi sp. n. (Text-fig. 3.)

Rather similar to M. vitiensis (Kirkaldy) in general aspect, but differing

somewhat in shape and venation of forewings and in the size of hindwings.

The forewings are narrower and more acutely pointed at apex, as compared

with M. vitiensis, with the venation as indicated

in the accompanying illustration. A striking

characteristic of this species is the extreme

reduction of the hindwings, to tiny stubs barely

Tuxr-ric. 3.—Megatrioza swezeyi visible at the base of the front wings.

Ceti em eee The body is about 2 mm. long, while the

front wings are 5 to 6 mm. long, and more than three times as long as broad.

The vertex and thoracic dorsum are sparsely pubescent, brown to dark brown

in colour, without the dorsal stripes and markings characteristic of M. vitiensis.

The genal cones are small, very short, usually yellowish or whitish in colour.

The hind tibiae have only a very small spur at base. The genital appendages

are similar to M. vitvensis, indicating a close relationship between the species.

Apia, Upolu, one female, 15.1x.1923; Tutuila, one female (Swezey and

Wilder), Pago Pago, 30.ix.1923. A third specimen is before me, taken at

Lau, Fiji (Bryan). All these are in the Bishop Museum collection.

7. Trioza samoansis sp. n. (Text-fig. 4.)

Length of body about 2 mm. ; length of forewing 2:8 to 3-3 mm. General

colour light brown or reddish brown; forewings smoky brown, with apical

portion much darker.

Head small, deflexed ; vertex pubescent, with

a foveal depression on each side of the median line ;

genal cones small, a little shorter than vertex, sub-

Tuxr-ria. 4.—Trioza_samoan- acute. Antennae very slender, nearly three times as

sis Crawf., sp.n. Elytron. :

long as width of head.

Thorax arched, pubescent on dorsal surface; pronotum short, much

depressed below vertex and mesonotum; latter narrowly rounded in front.

Legs slender. Torewings with costa and veins setigerous.

PSYLLIDAE (CHERMIDAE) 33

Abdomen slender ; female genital segment small, about half as long as rest

of abdomen, acutely pointed ; male genital segment small, with anal valve and

forceps very small, latter slender, acutely pointed.

Pago Pago, Tutuila, nine specimens collected 30.ix.1923, by Swezey and

Wilder.

This species in its wing venation somewhat resembles Trichopsylla walkert

Thomson, of Kurope.

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES

Text-fig. 1. Pawrocephala wilder, elytron.

2. Tyora buxtoni, elytron.

3. Megatrioza swezeyt, elytron.

4. Trioza samoansis, elytron.

COCCIDAE, APHIDIDAE AND ALEYRODIDAE

By F. Larne, M.A., B.Sc.

(With 3 Text-figures)

THE most comprehensive list of the Coccidae of Samoa which has hitherto

appeared is that by Doane and Ferris (Bull. Ent. Res., VI, pp. 399-402, 1916).

In the following list species mentioned in that paper are marked with an *,

the additional information gathered from an examination of the material col-

lected by Dr. P. A. Buxton and Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins being added where

necessary. A few other records, with references to the sources whence they are

-culled, are added. Most of the species of Coccidae found on the Samoan Islands

have a wide distribution and have evidently been introduced on cultivated plants,

but a few would appear to be indigenous ; further collecting on wild plants will

doubtless reveal new and interesting forms and enable us to form an opinion as

to the affinities of the Coccid fauna. The total number known from the Islands

is now slightly more than that recorded for Fiji (27), and considerably larger

than for the Society group (19).

In the case of the Aphididae and Aleyrodidae, the numbers are so few that

no comment is called for; in the former family probably all the species have

been introduced recently, and in the latter, of the two species found, one has

travelled practically wherever its host plant, sugar-cane, has gone, and the

other, which is apparently new to science, appears to have affinities with a

Javanese species.

COCCIDAE

1. Asterolecanium bambusae Bdv.*

Said by Doane and Ferris to be very abundant on bamboo, but not repre-

sented from any of the Samoan Islands in the collections made by Messrs. Buxton

and Hopkins.

2. Pseudococcus brevipes (CkiIl.)

Apia, iv.1924, on an unknown bush.

36 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

3. Pseudococcus citri (Risso.)

This species was well represented in the collection, but unfortunately most

of the host plants were unidentified. The records are: Malololelei, vi.1924

(probably on a member of the Piperidaceae), and on the rind of lemons, iii.1924 ;

Vailima, 18.x.1924; Suvaii, Tuasivi, 8.11.1924 ; Manono Is., where it was attended

by a species of ant, 10.vi.1924; and Falelatai, 5.11.1924, on Cachew.

B Hopkins

TExt-FIG. 1.—Pseudococcus cocotis (Mask.). A, posterior segments of the body of adult 9;

B, antenna ; c, hind leg; pb, anal cerarius; E, penultimate cerarius.

4. Pseudococcus calceolariae (Mask.)

Recorded by Swezey, Hawawan Planters’ Record, XXVIII, p. 215, 1924.

In view of Morrison’s paper (Jour. Agric. Res., XXXI, pp. 485-500, 1925) on

this and closely allied species, and the confusion that exists as to the records,

P. calceolariae is included here for completeness, but without comment as to the

correctness of the determination.

COCCIDAE, APHIDIDAE AND ALEYRODIDAE. 37

5. Pseudococcus cocotis (Mask.) Text-fig. 1.

On stems of coconut associated with ants, Apia, 31.1.1924. This species

is not unlike P. vitiensis Gr. and Lg., but it differs from the latter in the less

protuberant and less strongly defined cerarii, and in the more pronounced body

setae. The following additional notes may serve to make the species more

easily recognisable. Antennae 8-segmented, the proportions of the segments

being 30, 25, 20, 10, 12, 11, 16, 40. Cerarii 17 pairs, each cerarius with more

than 2 spines, the figures being as follows : (17) 3, (16) 4-5, (15) 5, (14) 4-5, (13) 5,

(12) 4-5, (11) 4, (10) 3, (9) 3, (8) 5-6, (7) 3, (6) 4-5, (5) 3-4, (4) 5, (3) 4-6, (2) 5,

(1) 5; each cerarius with one or more secondary setae and trilocular pores not

crowded together nor differentiated from the general body surface. Transverse

series of large circular pores on the last three abdominal segments, with a few

on the fourth. Legs unequal, the proportions of the tibiae and tarsi of the first

being 60 : 40, the second 65 : 40, and the third 80: 43 ; claw without a denticle.

Anal ring setae subequal to those of anal cerarius. Length approximately half

as great as breadth, 2-5 mm.

For the determination of this species, I have depended upon preparations

in H. HE. Green’s collection assigned to P. cocotis (Mask.) by Ehrhorn.

6. Pseudococcus comstocki (Kuw.)

Tuasivi, Savaul, 8.11.1924, on the leaves of Pandanus.

7. Trionymus sacchari (Ckll.)

Recorded by Swezey, Hawauan Planters’ Record, XXVIII, p. 215, 1924.

8. Ceroplastes rubens Mask.*

This species seems to be common throughout the islands. It was found

on an unknown species of fern at Apia, 7.11.1924, and Vailima, 8.v1.1924; on

an undetermined garden tree and on cinnamon at Malua, Upolu, ix.1924; and

on another unknown shrub on Malololelei, vu.1924. It was also found at Hog

Harbour, Santo Island, New Hebrides ; and on Melaleuca sp. at Tontouta, New

Caledonia ; but it is a species which is abundant throughout the whole of the

South Pacific Islands. Doane and Ferris state that it was very abundant on

mango in Samoa.

38 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

9. Pulvinaria psidii Mask.*

Though Doane and Ferris record this species from the islands, it was not

represented in the present collections except from New Hebrides, where it was

found on the leaves of lemon.

10. Eucalymnatus tessellatus Sign.*

This species was represented by its variety perforatus Newst. on cinnamon,

Malua, Upolu Island, ix.1924; and on Morinda citrifolia, Apia, 1x.1925.

11. Lecanium psidii Green *

Apia, v.1925, on Morinda citrifolia. The material was in bad condition,

but the characters which could be distinguished agree with specimens from

Ceylon.

12. Coccus acuminatus (Sign.)

Apia, 24.11.1924, on pineapple; Vila, New Hebrides, 24.v1.1925, on an

epiphytic fern. This species is very closely allied to C. diversipes Ckll., described

from material from the Philippine Islands, also from an epiphytic fern, and,

except for the strongly chitinised dorsum and rather more numerous pores the

latter could not be distinguished from C. acwminatus ; younger stages of C.

diversvpes agree in every particular with C. acumwnatus. At most, C. diversipes

should not rank as more than a variety of C. acwminatus (Sign.).

13. Coccus frontalis (Green) *

On unidentified plant.

14. Coccus hesperidus (L.)

Apia, 18.v.1924, on the leaves of Carica papaya.

15. Coccus viridis (Green) *

Apia, 28.111, iv.1924, and Vailima, 600 feet up, 24.1.1924, in all cases

upon unidentified host plants.

COCCIDAE, APHIDIDAE AND ALEYRODIDAE. 39

16. Saissetia coffeae (Walk.) *

Apia, v.1925, on Morinda citrifoka and on an unknown host plant,

24.vii.1924 ; Vila, New Hebrides, 9.v1i.1925, on the stems and leaves of lemon.

I have reverted to the prior name for S. hemispherica (T.T.).

17. Saissetia nigra (Nietn.) *

Apia, 2.vi.1925, on balsam, and on the 22.1.1925, on an unknown bush.

It was also represented from Swains Island, Central Pacific, on Morinda catrifolia ;

on Hibiscus sp. Ais Island, New Hebrides; on Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, Santo

Island, New Hebrides ; and on an undetermined shrub, Tanna, New Hebrides.

18. Saissetia oleae (Bern.) *

On orange.

19. Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Sign.) *

On palms, bananas, oranges, etc.

194. Pinnaspis minor (Mask.)

Not represented at all from Samoa, but found in plenty on Swains Island,

Central Pacific, on Nanamea and Nanomega Islands, belonging to the Ellice

Group, and on Fakaofu, Tokelau Island, the identified host plants being

coconut and banana.

20. Chionaspis citri Comst.*

On orange.

21. Chionaspis samoana Doane and Ferris *

On palm. This species should be placed in the genus Phenacaspis.

22. Aspidiotus cydoniae Comst.*

On orange (see also Cockerell, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. XVII, p. 621,

1895).

23. Aspidiotus cyanophylli Sign.

Upolu, on a dicotyledonous plant (Lindingersch, Zeit. f. wiss. Insektenbiol.,

Bd. VIL., p. 173, 1911).

40 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

24, Aspidiotus destructor Sign.

This is stated by Sasscer (Journ. Econ. Ent., Vol. VIII, p. 269, 1915) to have

been intercepted on coconuts imported from Tutuila into America. The

species has a wide distribution throughout the Oceanic Islands, but must be

very rare in Samoa, for, although efforts were made to obtain specimens, it

was not represented in the collections.

25. Aspidiotus lataniae (Sign.) Green

Upolu, on Ptychosperma vitiensis (Lindinger, op. cit., p. 175). If Lindinger

based his determination on the insect described under this name by Green in his

Coccidae of Ceylon, I, p. 49, the record should refer to A. destructor. It may be,

however, the true A. lataniae, of Signoret, of which A. cydoniae Comst. may or

may not be a synonym. With doubt existing as to which species the authors

had before them, we prefer to keep the records of A. cydoniae, A. destructor

and A. lataniae distinct.

26. Aspidiotus pangoensis Doane and Ferris *

On coconut husks, Pago Pago. We have had this species also from Fiji-

on the same host plant.

27. Aspidiotus maskelli Ckll.

Intercepted on oranges imported into California from Samoa (Maskew,

Mihly. Bull. Californian State Commiss. Hort., Vol. V, p. 75, 1916).

28. Chrysomphalus buxtoni sp. n. Text-fig. 2.

Puparium deep brown to black, subcircular to elliptical, flattish around the

marginal area gradually rising to the very low nipple-like deep black excentric

larval exuvium ; surface somewhat irregular and deposited in concentric layers.

Size 4:5 mm. by 3 mm. in elliptical specimens, 3 mm. diameter in subcircular

ones.

Adult female broadly pyriform ; longish setae sparsely distributed around

the margin of cephalothorax and abdomen and on the dorsal surface of the

former; antennae consisting of a minute tubercle with a long curved seta ;

no parastigmatic pores. Pygidium with 3 pairs of lobes each with a more or

COCCIDAE, APHIDIDAE AND ALEYRODIDAE. 41

less straight inner margin, but with a well-marked shoulder on the outer, in the

case of the third pair a second notch observable ; beyond the last pair of lobes

the margin produced into 5 or more sharp conical projections each minutely

serrated on the outer border, these projections gradually diminishing in size

anteriorly ; the usual number of squamae in the intervals between the lobes,

3 or 4 between the third pair and the first marginal projection ; a very strong

paraphysis arises from the inner margin of each lobe, another about half the

size from the outer margin, and another of intermediate leneth from the middle

—

yen f Hy ttiri oat gill PTTOF

Text-ric. 2.—Chrysomphalus buatoni Laing, sp. n.; A, pygidium of adult 9; 8B, pygidial fringe.

of the second interval; marginal area beyond the last pair of lobes strongly

chitinised and cristate. Perivulvar pores in four groups, 12 to 13 in the anterior

and 8 to 9 in the posterior ; 4 transverse calli on the anterior part of the pygidium,

the median pair more or less united ; two single series of pores arising from the

interval between the second and third lobes and between the third and the first

marginal projection ; filiform spinnerets numerous ; anal orifice near the middle

of the pygidium. Length 2mm. ; breadth 1-5 to 2 mm.

Malololelei, on bark of an unknown shrub, vu.1924.

The affinities of this species are probably with C. rossz (Mask.).

42 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

29. Chrysomphalus ficus Ashm.

Not represented in the present collections, but intercepted on oranges

imported from Pago Pago to California (Maskew, Mthly. Bull. Californian State

Dept. Agric., Vol. IX, p. 299, July 1920).

30. Chrysomphalus rossi Mask.*

On coconut (Swezey, Hawaiian Planters’ Record, Vol. XXVIII, p. 217,

1924).

31. Melanaspis samoana Lder.

On Myristica hypargyraea (Zeitsch. f. wiss. Insektenbiol., Ba. VU, p. 177,

1911).

32. Odonaspis secreta Ckll.*

On bamboo.

33. Lepidosaphes beckii (Newm.) *

Upolu, on orange.

34. Lepidosaphes gloveri (Pack.)*

Apia, on crotons, iv.1925 ; also on orange, but said by Doane and Ferris to

be much less common than L. beckit.

35. Lepidosaphes moorsi Doane and Ferris *

Upolu, near Apia, on trunks of orange.

36. Parlatoria cinerea Doane and Hadden *

Stated by Doane and Ferris to be common on orange. Described from

specimens collected in the Society Islands, on orange and cultivated vine.

APHIDIDAE

37. Aphis gossypii Glov.

Apia, on Morinda citrifolia, 29.viii.1924 ; also from Swains Island, Central

Pacific, on the same host plant.

38. Aphis laburni Kalt.

Apia and Aleipata, on plants belonging to the Leguminosae. Aphis legumi-

nosae Theob., described from specimens received from Egypt, would appear to

COCCIDAE, APHIDIDAE AND ALEYRODIDAE., 43

be this species, and I suspect that the A. medicaginis Koch, recorded by Van der

Goot from various localities in the East, is the same ; as is also the A. medicaginis

Koch recorded by Das (Mem. Indian Mus., VI, p. 203, 1918) from the Lahore

district. The British Museum (Natural History) has received specimens of

A. laburni from Ceylon, on a variety of Leguminous host plants.

39. Aphis nerii Boyer

Neiafu, Tonga and Malololelei, Upolu, 11.1924, on imported Asclepias. This

species is also present in Fiji, and is found in Europe, North and South America,

the West Indies, Africa, India, Java, etc.

40. Aphis tavaresi Del Guercio

Upolu, Malololelei, on lemon trees, 15.11.1924. There is a remarkable

resemblance between the apterous viviparous 99 of this species and those of

Toxoptera auraniw (Boyer), and, where this form only is present, it is necessary

to rely for determination upon the relative lengths of and the imbrications on

the cornicles. In the alate viviparous 99 this difficulty does not arise, for,

apart from the difference in neuration in the two species, the colour distribution

in the antennae and the sensoriation of the third antennal segment provide good

characters for differentiation. It is possible that Myzus citricidus Kirk. is this

species, in which case the latter name would have priority.

41. Toxoptera aurantii (Boyer)

Apia, on leaves of Cacao and Hibiscus tiliaceus, iv. and v.1924.

ALEYRODIDAE

42. Aleuroplatus (Orchamus) samoanus sp.n. Text-fig. 3.

Pupa Case.—Very pale stramineous with a thin coating of transparent

secretion which forms a thick layer around the margin and raises the pupa case

from the leaf surface slightly. A distinct median longitudinal carina running

the whole length ; the abdominal segments visible ; margin somewhat crenulate

and curved slightly inwards at the thoracic tracheal folds.

When treated with potash, oval, one-third longer than broad, constricted

at thoracic tracheal folds. Margin minutely crenulate with small setae situated

44 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

at very remote intervals ; immediately within the margin is a complete single

series of large very conspicuous tubercles, each being composed apparently of

two side pieces and two median,

with the apex terminating in

four sharp points ; 29 to 30 of

these tubercles lie on the cep-

halic portion, and a_ similar

number on each side between

the thoracic and caudal folds.

Thoracic tracheal fold almost

cup-shaped with about 10 long

finger-like processes arising

from the base, all of approxi-

mately the same length. Caudal

fold produced into a comb, the

median teeth the longest.

Suture separating thorax and

abdomen curved cephalad, not

reaching margin ; median ceph-

alic suture present. Abdo-

men with segments demarked

medianly ; five pairs of medio-

Text-ric. 3.—Aleuroplatus (Orchamus) samoanus Laing, lateral circular pores, one pair

form orifice, D, caudal fold.

Ca)

2339 seaaus BBS

H Hopkins.

strong median spines imme-

diately behind the transverse suture, a pair of short spines in the usual position

at the anterior lateral angle of the vasiform orifice, and another large pair

submarginally on either side of the caudal comb. The interior lateral and

posterior margin of vasiform orifice with a comb of teeth. Length 0-7-0-8

mm. ; breadth 0-5 mm.

Upolu Island, Apia, thickly coating the upper surface of the leaves of cul-

tivated Croton, iv.1925.

The shape of the submarginal series of tubercles, the colour of the secretion

1 It does not follow that, because it was found on this cultivated plant, the species has recently

been introduced, Crotons were probably carried about the Pacific by the early Polynesians,

and they are still used in ritual in many parts of Melanesia.—P. A. BuxToN.