alae 0 FH Pla

anus eener's ce

BRITISH MUSEUM | (NATURAL HISTORY) Ve py VIL, 192

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

_ ARTHROPODA |

PART VL DIPTERA

FASC. 4. 1 W7-213

-EMPIDIDAE, AND PIPUNCULIDAE

By J. E. COLLIN

SYRPHIDAE

We | By FRANK M. HULL

a _CLUSIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND

( SAPROMYZIDAR

By IR MALLOCH

‘WITH FIFTEEN TEXT- oe

LONDON:

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSHUM

SOLD AT

Tau BaivisH Musmum (Natural History), CRomwELL Roan, S.W.7

é AND BY

&B. Quaritcx, Lirp.); Donav & Co., Lrp.; ano Tae Oxrorpd University Pruss ;

ALSO BY OLtvER & Boyp, HpinsurcH

Any 1929

Issued 27th July, 1929.) 3 [Price Two Shillings and Simpenca,

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

~ ARTHROPODA

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be

expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification

due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence.

In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits

directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British

Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by

Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific.

Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies

as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups

concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courvesy of

the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It is not intended that don sete to the text shall be confined to the

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the

leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained.

The work is divided into nine “Parts”’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), of which

the first eight are subdivided into “ Fascicles.’” Each of the latter, which

appear as ready in any order, consists of one or more contributions. On the

completion of the systematic portion of the work it is intended to issue a

general survey (Part IX), summarising the whole and drawing from it such

conclusions as may be warranted. |

A list of Fascicles already issued will be found on pp. 3 and 4 of this wrapper.

E. E. AUSTEN,

Keeper of Entomology.

BritisH Museum (Naturat History),

CROMWELL Roan, $.W.7.

FS te a ee Oe EO eS te ee eS ee OE EE Se, Se SP VR OE Oe ae OL ee eee ee ee

INSECTS OF SAMOA

Part VI. Fasc. 4

DIPTERA

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE

By J. H. Couuim

(With 7 Text-figures)

EMPIDIDAE,

Amone the Diptera collected in Samoa by Messrs. Buxton and Hopkins, this

family is represented by four species of Syneches (Hybotinae) and one of Drapetis

(Tachydrominae). Both genera have a wide distribution, but Syneches is more

confined to subtropical regions than Drapetvs.

Syneches Walker.

The Samoan species of Syneches are very closely allied, and belong to a group

having the hind femora only slightly dilated, without spines beneath, but with

3-5 shorter or longer anteroventral bristles, and wings with the stigma not

extending to the end of the marginal cell. The head is also more semicircular

in profile than usual, without the flattening of the upper part so conspicuous in

some species, and without any great difference in size, or sharply marked dividing

line, between the upper and lower facets ; the ocellar bristles are well developed,

but the ocellar tubercle is small; the third antennal joint is longer than deep ;

the thorax is strongly arched, but the arch is rounded and not pointed; the

disc bears scattered hairs, and there is a depression in front of the scutellum

with a pair of strong dorsocentral bristles at the upper end of this depression

and therefore some distance from the scutellum, this latter bearing one pair of

VI. 4 177 1

178 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

long bristles, and a few much shorter hairs. The prothorax above the base of

the front coxae bears 2-3 tiny, downcurved hairs (omitted in fig. 1) instead of

the usual upcurved one. So far as I can trace, this combination of characters

is unusual in Syneches.

TABLE OF SPECIES,

1. (6) Disc of thorax shining black, but uniformly covered with microscopic

brownish dust : :

2. (3) Hind femora not conspicuously Pale about eee : 5 ; . alenus, sp. a.

3. (2) Hind femora conspicuously yellowish on basal third .

4, (5) Hind femora with 3-4 long bristles (quite twice as long as femur

is thick) on not more than apical two-thirds. ee

elongate : devius, sp. n.

5. (4) Hind femora with 5-6 Signs eee (hardly tenes ie femur 1s

thick) extending right to base. Pterostigma almost quadrate . brevispinus, sp. n.

6. (1) Dise of thorax brightly shining black, microscopic dust limited to

prescutellar depression, extreme front of thorax, neighbourhood

of postalar calli, and scutellum : : : : : . sp. indet.

1. Syneches alienus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 1).

3. Head: antennae below middle of head, black, clothed with brownish

dust, arista bare. Occiput black, clothed with brownish dust, pubescence on

upper part confined to a single postocular fringe, but spreading out in middle

on to the more convex portion of occipital region. Proboscis tawny ; palpi dark.

Thorax black, slightly shining from all points of view in spite of brownish

dust; corners of humeri and postalar calli yellowish. Multiserial acrostichals

and uniserial dorsocentrals short and dark, not much longer than third antennal

jot; a pair of strong dorsocentral bristles in front of prescutellar depression,

a diagonal row of three notopleural, a smaller postalar and a pair of strong

scutellar bristles.

Abdomen coloured and dusted like thorax, with, in addition to the numerous.

short dark hairs, long bristly hairs on basal side margins of first segment and on

hind margin at sides of other segments, becoming successively shorter towards

tip of abdomen. Hypopygium small and inconspicuous.

Legs very dark tawny, hind pair almost black, front and middle femora

not quite so dark, front and middle tibiae and tarsi still less so, conspicuously

clothed with brown pubescence and with following bristles: a very long, strong,

anterodorsal bristle at basal third of middle tibia, a shorter one behind at

middle, at tip a posteroventral spur of similar size and a shorter anteroventral

one. Hind femora with three long, anteroventral bristles on middle half (basal

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE, 179

one separated from other two), a shorter bristle in front well beyond middle,

p/Vilil ty

a KZ

Text-ric. 1.—Syneches alienus, sp.n. 6.

and another towards tip. Hind tibiae with an anterodorsal bristle just below

basal third, and a short, anteroventral spur at tip. In addition, a bristly hair

180 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

both above and below at tip of front tibiae, and above at tip of four posterior

tibiae ; three equally spaced, very short but distinct, anteroventral bristles on

middle tibiae, and a row of fine, bristly hairs anteroventrally on hind tibiae,

almost hidden in longer pubescence there.

Wings slightly brownish, veins dark except at extreme base of wing.

Stigma very distinct, somewhat quadrate, rather longer than deep, and not

quite extending downwards to radial vein; stigma beginning at end of sub-

costal vein and ending farther than its own length from end of radial vein.

Hirst section of discal vein rather longer than next, which forms upper margin

of discal cell. Middle cross-vein exceedingly close to pointed base of discal

cell. Third posterior cell somewhat narrowed towards its end, owing to the

curve of faint anal vein. End of discal cell much more than length of its

terminal cross-vein from end of fifth vein. Halteres black, with yeliow base

to stem.

Q. Very similar in all respects to §. Abdomen ending in a pair of short,

flattened, pubescent lamellae, looking like another short, narrow segment.

Length about 2-5 mm.

Upolu: Vailima, 3 3,1 9, 26.11.1925.

The differences between this species and the Fijian Syneches pullus Bezzi

(Dupt.. Brachyc. & Atheric. of the Fur Is., p. 54, fig. 17, 1928) are greater than

the respective figures would seem to indicate. S. pullus has the upper part of

eyes flattened and the facets on the flattened part very large—very much larger

than those below.

The anteroventral bristles on the hind femora are more spinose, and just

behind these bristles (rather more beneath the femora) there is a second row of

short spines, which is completely absent in S. alienus. Bezzi describes the

thorax of S. pullus as “ quite bare”; this is not entirely correct, for there are

a few tiny hairs as indicated in the figure; but in S. alvenus the hairs are

conspicuous.

2. Syneches devius, sp. n.

Q. Very much like S. alenus, but differing in colour of legs, shape of ptero-

stigma, and length of pubescence on thorax and legs.

Eye-facets slightly larger, but, as in S. alienus, no sharp division between

larger and smaller facets, while latter are confined to posterior eye-margin and

extreme lower part of eye.

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE. 18]

Thoracic pubescence longer, noticeably so behind the pair of strong dorso-

central bristles.

Legs paler; front legs, hind trochanters and basal third to half of hind

femora yellow, hind tarsi somewhat tawny. Pubescence longer, especially so

behind front tibiae, behind first joint of front tarsi, behind middle tibiae (where

some hairs stand out almost as fine bristles), and beneath hind femora

and tibiae, some hairs beneath latter being also almost like fine bristles.

Hind femora with an extra dorsal bristle near tip, close to the more apical of

the two usual anterodorsal bristles.

Wings with stigma not quite so dark as in S. alienus, longer and not so

quadrate, its length fully equal to half distance along costa between subcostal

and radial veins. Middle cross-vein about its own length from base of discal

cell.

Length about 2-5 mm.

Type and 4 paratypes.—Upolu: Malololele: (Buxton and Hopkins).

Savaii: Salailua, and Safune, rain forest, 2,000-4,000 feet, v.1924 (Bryan).

3. Syneches brevispinus, sp. n.

Q. Resembling S. alienus in shortness of pubescence and shape of

pterostigma, and S. devius in colour of legs.

Ocellar bristles somewhat shorter than in S. alienus and very much shorter

than in S. devius.

Thoracic pubescence about as in S. alienus.

Pubescence on legs shorter than in S. alzenus, especially behind front tibiae

and beneath hind tibiae. All bristles much shorter; anterodorsal bristle on

middle tibiae about one-third of length of that in S. alienus (only about half

length of first tarsal joint), and bristle behind middle tibiae very short. Antero-

ventral bristles on hind femora more numerous and short, that nearest base

close to base of femur; no dorsal bristle towards tip of hind femora such as is

present in S.devius. Anterodorsal bristle on hind tibiae very short. Colour

of legs similar to that in S. devius, but hind tibiae broadly yellow about base.

Pterostigma quadrate, very distinct, deeper than in S. alienus ; radial vein

curved downward opposite stigma to accommodate it, and therefore more

undulated than in S. alcenus. Middle cross-vein barely its own length from

base of discal cell.

182 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Length probably about 2-25 mm.

1 9 (type). Savaii: Safune, rain forest, 2,000-4,000 feet, 3.v.1924 (Bryan).

This type is in the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

4. Syneches, sp. ?

This species is certainly distinct from the others by reason of its more

shining thorax and different pubescence on the legs, but the single female before

me is much damaged and has neither wing complete, so that the necessary full

description cannot be given.

There is no question of dust on the thorax having been rubbed off, because

the short dark hairs (similar in length to those of S. alienus) are present un-

damaged. ‘The ocellar bristles are very long as in S. devius, with which species

it also agrees in the colour of the legs, except that the coxae and trochanters are

all yellow. The chief difference in the leg pubescence from S. devius lies in the

presence of still more distinct long bristly hairs behind the front and middle,

and beneath the hind tibiae ; there are especially two long bristly hairs behind

the middle tibiae standing out at right angles to the shaft, and antero- and

posteroventral rows of bristly hairs beneath the hind tibiae. The remaining

portion of one wing shows that the stigma is probably as in S. devius.

Length quite 2-5 mm.

Savai: Salailua, 1 9, 23.v.1924 (Bryan).

Drapetis Meigen.

The single species of Drapetis, while appearing to be congeneric with

D. exilis Mg., exhibits certain differences some of which may be of importance.

The second antennal joint bears a small but distinct bristle beneath, and, while

there are two pairs of ocellar bristles, there are no vertical bristles. The eyes

are practically in contact below the antennae. Seen in profile the head is more

globular and the disc of the thorax less raised above the level of the prothoracic

“collar” ; the disc is bare, and though obviously “ rubbed ” in all the specimens

before me, cannot, I think, even normally be clothed as in D. exilis ; at most I

suspect only uniserial tiny dorsocentral hairs, of which I find traces; there

appears to be no distinct prescutellar dorsocentral, but there is an upcurved

humeral bristle. Venational differences include the shortness of the subcostal

vein, which ends practically opposite the middle cross-vein ; the radial vein is

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE. 183

also very short, ending very little beyond the middle of the wing, with its short

curved prefurca arising from the subcostal vein near the end of the latter. The

anal angle of the wing is not at all developed, and the last section of the postical

vein is distinctly curved downwards towards the wing margin at the tip.

5. Drapetis savatiensis, sp. n. (Text-fig. 2).

dg. Frons shining black, narrowing towards front where it is almost as wide

as second antennal joint. Hyes microscopically pubescent. Occiput clothed

with brownish dust, but having a shining postocular ring, narrow above and

below, but much widened in middle because of concavity of eye-margin there.

Two pairs of long ocellar bristles, front pair parallel, hind pair divergent ; only

fine dark hairs on vertex and back of head. Antennae with third joint slightly

longer than first two joints together, and in addition having its upper angle

prolonged so that it looks like base of arista; from end of this prolongation

proceeds at a slight angle the long microscopically pubescent arista. Palpi

dark, small and ovate.

Thorax black, shining and apparently bare on disc, except for postalar calli

and scutellum, which are clothed with brownish dust. Prothorax and upper

part of pleurae also clothed with brownish dust, leaving lower part of sterno- and

hypopleurae shining. An upcurved humeral bristle; a row of 3-4 bristles

above root of wing, of which front two are stronger and probably represent

notopleural bristles; a small postalar, and a pair of strong apical scutellar

bristles placed close together.

Abdomen dull brownish-yellow and apparently not much chitinized, except

for hypopygium, which is blacker. Pubescence short and dark, longer on

hind margin of last tergite and on hypopygium.

Legs, including coxae and trochanters, yellow, with apical half of hind femora

blackish, and tibiae, especially hind pair towards tips, sometimes rather tawny ;

last joint of all tarsi brownish. Front coxae with a few projecting small black

spines, including a stronger one at upper outer corner. Front femora with a

short yellow bristle or two and a small black spine at base beneath, a short

anteroventral row of tiny black points about base, and a posteroventral row

of short dark bristles on apical half. Front tibiae with two short rows of tiny

black points, anteroventrally about middle and posteroventrally towards tip.

(Other legs in case of type too obscured by gum to describe.)

184 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Wings decidedly brownish. Second basal cell ending slightly before middle

of wing, and longer than first basal cell by about length of its terminal cross-

vein. Cubital and discal veins nearly straight, only gradually and slightly

diverging. Halteres yellow, with somewhat dusky knob.

2. Resembling g, but abdomen pointed, ending in a pair of short, narrow

papillae ; abdominal pubescence extremely short and inconspicuous. Front

SSS SSS SS ——

Br eee == ESS

S== SSS a

yi ae

snap

MITA Hh] Tm | i

Text-FIG. 2.—Drapetis savatiensis, sp. n. Wing of 3.

legs with less distinctive bristles, coxae with yellowish bristles of which a more

brownish basal bristle is the most conspicuous ; femora with only 2-3 yellow

bristles beneath at base ; tibiae apparently simple.

Length perhaps slightly over 1 mm.

Savaii: Salailua, rain forest, 2,000—4,000 feet, 1 3, 1 2 (types), 23.v.1924 ;

same locality, 1 2 (paratype), 17.v.1924 (Bryan). Type in Bishop Museum,

Honolulu.

PIPUNCULIDAE.

In the material brought back from Samoa by Messrs. Buxton and Hopkins,

the Pipunculidae are represented by two species of Pipunculus. One of these

belongs to a small, distinct group, of which species are known to occur in Fiji,

North Queensland and possibly Formosa ; the other, owing to the bad condition

of the single available specimen, and our lack of knowledge of the group

characters for all described species outside the Palaearctic Region, cannot be

given its correct place among those species and is left without a name.

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE. 185

6. Pipunculus limitaris, sp. n. (Text-figs. 3a and 4).

6. Frons and face dusted silvery-grey, former short and narrow, latter very

httle narrower below antennae, and gradually narrowing below until it is about

half width of front of frons (text-fig. 3a). Occiput dusted greyish, less so

above. LHye-facets not enlarged in front. Antennae yellow, third joint pale

yellow, short and small, with bluntly pointed tip.

Text-Fic. 3.—Pipunculus limitaris, sp. n., g (a); P. vitiensis Muir, 3 (b), 2 (c). Heads viewed

from in front.

Thorax shining black, but slightly obscured all over with brownish dust ;

a vertical band on middle of pleurae has a tendency to yellowish-brown ; tiny

hairs on dorsum apparently confined to dorsocentral rows, with some slightly

longer ones at sides of disc and round scutellar margin.

Abdomen almost parallel-sided (shghtly wider towards end), translucently

dirty yellowish on first three or four segments, but everywhere, including long

fifth segment and large hypopygium, covered like thorax with a thin layer of

brownish dust. Two or three yellowish-brown bristles on each basal angle of

186 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

first (visible) segment, pubescence otherwise short and pale, becoming a little

longer towards tip. Hypopygium slightly inclined towards right, with a very

large terminal depression (text-fig. 4).

Legs entirely yellow, hind coxae perhaps a little brownish about base.

Tibiae without spurs. Front femora with a few posteroventral, minute black

points towards tip, middle femora with

similar anteroventral and (more extended)

posteroventral points, hind femora with

only hairs instead. Only hind femora

shining behind.

Wings with venation almost exactly

as in P. vitvensis Muir (text-fig. 5), costal

segment between ends of mediastinal

and radial veins equal in length to the

following segment, stigma not reaching back to end of mediastinal vein, and

bounded basally by a distinct cross-vein. End of subapical (or first posterior)

cell, perhaps not quite so wide as in P. vitiensis, Halteres and squamae yellow.

Length about 2-5 mm.

Samoa: 1 ¢ (type). Tutuila: Afono Trail, 1 ¢ (paratype), 25.1x.1923

Text-ric. 4.—Pipunculus limitaris, sp. n.

Abdomen of 3, lateral view.

Text-rie. 5.—Pipunculus vitiensis Muir (Fiji). Wing of 3.

The shading of the stigma (cf. text-fig. 6) is accidentally omitted.

P. limitaris is closely allied to P. heterostigmus Perkins (North Queensland)

and P. vitiensis Muir (Fiji). All three species agree in the peculiar venation,

especially the abbreviated stigma, bounded basally by a distinct cross-vein,

and in having an indistinctly translucent yellow base to the abdomen. |

P. heterostigmus has darker legs, “ the femora largely darkened above and

at the sides” in the female, and only “the trochanters, knee joints and tarsi

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE. 187

mostly yellowish’; in the 4 with “the tibiae for some part more brown.” *

The costal segment between the ends of the mediastinal and radial veins is

distinctly longer than the next, as can be seen in text-fig. 6, a drawing made

from the type and kindly supplied by Dr. O. H. Swezey.

P. vitiensis, the type $ and @ of which, through the kindness of Dr. Swezey,

TExtT-Fic. 6.—Pipunculus heterostigmus Perkins (N. Queensland). Wing of type.

I have been able to examine, has yellow legs like P. limitaris, but the ¢ has a

narrower face (text-fig. 3 5); a few of the front facets of the eyes below the

antennae are distinctly enlarged even in the J, the disc of thorax is more shining,

with a tendency for the sides and scutellum to be yellowish, and the hypopygium

seen from the side is much smaller (text-fig. 7). The frons of the 9 (text-fig. 3 c)

is very much wider below than above, transversely convex, and shining black

except right in front, where it is clothed

with greyish dust, the dusting being

continued for some considerable distance

backwards along the eye margins. The

female hypopygium may be somewhat dis-

torted in the type, but the oval basal part

Is yellowish on its outer side and black on Text-Fic. 7.—Pipunculus vitiensis Muir

the side nearest the venter, while the (fiji). Abdomen of 3, lateral view.

yellowish aculeus is as long as this basal

part, laterally compressed, slender and gradually tapering, and arises from the

basal part with rather a distinct break on the side nearest the abdominal venter.

P. bicolor Becker, a Formosan species described in 1924, probably belongs

to this group; it has the abdomen shining yellow and an abbreviated stigma,

though no mention is made of a cross-vein at its base.

* Perkins pointed out the possibility that the two sexes may belong to distinct species.

188 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

The cross-vein at base of the stigma, which is very distinct in most of the

foregoing, may be more or less evident in other species; even the European

P. flavipes shows some indication of it, while both P. abdominalis Lw. (Caffraria),

a species with yellowish sides to the abdomen, and P. semiopacus Lamb

(Seychelle Is.) appear to show an indication of this character in a darkening of

the basal margin of stigma. In all these three species, however, the stigma

extends back to the end of mediastinal vein, a fact which appears to make the

abbreviation of the stigma in P. heterostigmus and its allies a character of greater

value than the presence of a cross-vein.

In view of my belief that the species of Pipunculus may be divided into

two groups by the presence or absence of a propleural fan of hairs in front

of the lower end of the prothoracic spiracle, it is worth recording that such a

fan is present in at least P. limitaris and P. vitiensis.

7. Pipunculus, sp. ?

A single 3 in bad condition, without antennae, appears to resemble

P. homoeophanes Perkins, of N. Queensland. The frons is dusted at the sides,

but shining black about the middle. Thorax black, with disc dusted brownish

though still slightly shining, pleurae and metanotum clothed with greyish dust ;

tiny dorsocentral hairs uniserial, a few longer hairs behind darkened humeri,

and very tiny ones on margin of scutellum. Propleural fan present. Abdomen

much wider in middle than at tip, first segment mainly grey with a single bristle

on each upper basal angle, second to fifth segments with dull black basal cross

bands, those on second and third segments narrower at sides than in middle

where they nearly reach hind margin, those on fourth and fifth segments more

even in depth, fourth about two-thirds and fifth one-half depth of segment,

rest of middle segments clothed with brownish-grey dust (browner at sides),

hinder half of fifth segment shining black with sides clothed with brownish dust.

Hypopygium small, clothed with brownish-grey dust, with a moderate-sized

terminal depression. Legs (in specimen before me mainly buried in gum with

which insect is secured to its mount) apparently dark, with base and tip of at

least four posterior tibiae yellowish, and possibly tarsi pale. Wengs brownish,

stigma complete, third costal segment equal to fourth, upper outer corner of

discal cell opposite point in costa just beyond end of subcostal vein; middle

EMPIDIDAE AND PIPUNCULIDAE. 189

cross-vein at rather more than two-fifths of length of discal cell. Halteres

pale, with dusky base to stem and extreme tip of knob.

Length very little more than 2 mm.

Sava: Safune, lower forest, 1,000-2,000 feet, 1 3, v.1924 (Bryan).

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURKES.

Text-fig. 1. Syneches ahenus, sp. n. 3.

. Drapetis savariensis, sp.n. Wing of 3.

» 3 Pipunculus limitaris, sp. n., d (a); P. vitiensis Muir, g (b), 2 (c). Heads viewed

from in front.

. Pipunculus limitaris, sp. n. Abdomen of J, lateral view.

. Pipunculus vitiensis Muir (Fiji). Wing of type 3.

. Pipunculus heterostigmus Perkins (N. Queensland). Wing of type.

. Pripunculus vitiensis Muir (Fiji). Abdomen of type 3, lateral view.

AD OF

SYRPHIDAE

By Frank M. Hutt, Texas State Experiment Station, College

Station, Texas, U.S.A.

(With 2 Text-figures.)

THE insular distribution of Syrphid flies is nowhere of greater interest than in

the East Indian and South Pacific regions, and I wish to express my thanks to

Mr. P. A. Buxton, through whom I am able to present the following studies of

the Samoan Syrphid fauna. An analysis of material from this region is

rendered the more interesting in view of the publication of certain dipterological

studies of the Fiji islands by the late Dr. Mario Bezzi (Diptera Brachycera and

Athericera of the Fuji Islands, 1928). The Samoan Syrphids show a marked

similarity to that of the Fijian group. Eleven species, belonging to ten genera,

were recorded from Fiji, and the present paper lists ten species (one hundred and

forty-five specimens), representing nine genera; eight of the Samoan species

were found also in Fiji. Moreover, in both archipelagos an unusually high

percentage of species fall within the subfamily Syrphinae. It is certainly

peculiar that the island regions, Samoa, Fiji, and New Zealand, as far as present

records show, should contain markedly high Syrphine components, in contrast

to especially low ones in the case of such islands as Sumatra, Borneo, Java and

Celebes. The average for the latter region is about 18 per cent., and for the

former as high as 66 per cent., with the highest of all represented by 70 per cent.

in Samoa. Finally, it may be remarked that Hristalinae and Milesimae seem

to predominate farther to the north-west. The Samoan Syrphids are of Malayan

origin, five of the ten species occurring also on the Asiatic mainland.

SYRPHINAE.

1. Melanostoma univittatum Wied.

Sixty-two specimens from the following localities :

Upolu: numerous examples from Apia, Afiamalu, Vaea, Vailima, Malolo-

191

192 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

lelei, collected in iii, iv, v, vi, vii, ix, xii (various collectors). Savaii: Safune

and Salailua, iv and v.1924 (Bryan). Tutuila: Pago Pago, ix and xu. There

is also one g from Tonga (Vavau, Neiafu), 5.11.1925 (Hopkins).

2. Asarcina ericetorum Fabr. var. oceanica Bezzi.

Bezzi (Dipt. Brachycera and Athericera of the Fuji Islands, p. 71, 1928)

describes only the g. One can infer that, since the hair on the frons is black,

the ground colour is also black. This is the case with all of the present series.

The scutellum is mainly black-haired.

Savai: Salailua, 4 99, 16-24.v.1924. Tutuila: Pago Pago, 1 g, 2 99,

12-16.iv.1924 (Bryan), and 23.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Upolu: Apia,

1 9, 5.iv.24 (Armstrong) ; Vailima, 1 9, 8.vi.1924.

3. Syrphus corollae Fabr. var. vitiensis Bezzi.

In some cases a small spot continues the yellow thoracic stripe to the

scutellar margin. The colour of the abdominal bands is more brownish-orange

than yellow.

Tutuila: Fagasa, 4 gg, 1 9, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Upolu:

Apia, Aleipata, 1 J, 2 29, iv. and v.1924, 1925 (Buxton and Hopkins). Savau:

Safune, lowlands to 1,000 feet, 1 g, 1.v.1924 (Bryan). There is also one 9

from Tonga, Vavau (Haloga), 23.11.1925 (Hopkins).

4. Ischiodon scutellaris Fabr. (Text-fig. 1).

Three 93, five 99. The males agree quite well with typical specimens.

Bezzi (op. cit. p. 73) states that the anterior eye facets are not enlarged in this

species, but in the males from Samoa, the facets are very distinctly enlarged in

the region to the side and just above the base of the antennae. Brunetti

(Fauna of British India, vol. 3, p. 97, 1923) likewise finds the anterior facets

enlarged. The anterior tarsi are not blackened at the tips but reddish in colour.

In two of the three males the genitalia, though strongly developed and visible

above, are shining black, but in the third they are reddish. The spine on the

trochanters is stout. The five females vary considerably. The dark area of

the scutellum is much deeper and more distinct, and the abdominal bands on

SYRPHIDAE. 193

the third and fourth segments are quite narrow, either interrupted or nearly so,

and do not approach the anterior margin. In one specimen, however, the

yellow bands on the third and fourth segments are contiguous as described for

typical examples, but the fifth segment has, instead of a black transverse band,

an obscure brownish spot on either side. Most of the females have the fifth

TExt-FIG. 1.—Ischiodon scutellaris Fabr. 3.

segment wholly shining black, with narrow posterior margins and small anterior

corners obscurely shining brownish.

Upolu: Malololelei, 3 99, 19.iv, 21-25.vi.1924 (Armstrong). Tutuila,

2 gd, 25-30.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). There are also 1 3g, 2 99, from

Tonga (Vavau, Haloga), 9.11.1925 (Hopkins).

5. Xanthogramma javanum Wied.

Three 92 from Tutuila, Savaii, and Upolu. Owing to the black-haired

scutellum and the reversed coloration of the hind tibiae, this species is readily

distinguishable from [schiodon scutellaris Fabr. The third joint of the antennae

is about as broad as long, rounded at the tip, and brownish-orange in colour,

VI. 4 2

194 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

smoky on the dorsal half. In the specimens from Tutuila and Savaii the ground

colour of the scutellum is clear opaque yellow.

Tutuwila: Pago Pago, 1 9, 14.xu.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins). Upolu, 1 9,

7.vu1.1925 (Wilder). Savaiit: Safune, 1 9, 5.v.1924 (Bryan).

6. Xanthogramma amphoterum Bezzi.

Bezzi’s series of specimens of this species came from Movua and Lautoka,

Fiji, and from Rarotonga. The present collection includes a male and female

which show several noteworthy differences from the type.

¢. Shining black borders to third and fourth abdominal segments quite

narrow, posterior borders about five times as broad as anterior, on the anterior

margins of these segments the shining portion limited to a very narrow band.

9. In this specimen the velvety black bands on the third and fourth

abdominal segments are broader than in the male; in the type, according to

Bezzi, the reverse is the case. There is no trace of the anterior shining band.

Moreover, the yellow transverse bands on these segments, instead of being entire,

are widely interrupted and broken up into spots. The individual before me

may represent a distinct species. However, in its ensemble of characters,

X. amphoterum is supposed to be imtermediate between Ischiodon scutellaris

Fabr. and Xanthogramma javanum Wied. var. distinctum Kertész. In default

of a series of the forms involved, anything in the shape of a definite conclusion

is impossible. Other slight departures from the type are as follows: the

antennal prominence is clothed with yellow instead of black hair; the sides of

the face are not whitish but sulphur yellow, and their pile is pale; the third

antennal joint in the male is rather light yellow and as long as broad, with its

tip somewhat truncated.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 1 g, 18.iv.1924. Savaiu: Safune, lowlands to

1,000 feet, 1 9, 4.v.1924 (Bryan).

7. Baccha praefica Bezzi (Text-fig. 2).

The present collection includes a number of examples of this interesting

species, which was described by its author (op. cit., p. 76, 1928) from the female

alone. I therefore give a description of the male below. The female specimens

show slight differences from the Fijian material. The short hairs on the front

SYRPHIDAE. 195

(frons) and sides of the face are pale instead of dark. The second and third

abdominal tergites especially have a purplish lustre mingled with the blue ;

this likewise shows faintly on the dorsum of the thorax. The scanty blackish-

brown dust on the thorax is disposed in such a way that anteriorly three very

narrow shining stripes may be seen in some lights. So strong is the metallic

coloration, however, that these are not visible in every specimen.

dG. Vertical triangle very acute, wedge shaped, about four times as long as

Text-Fic. 2.—Baccha praefica Bezzi. 9.

wide, with a longitudinal crease or impression anteriorly, and the short black

bristles set in a row arranged antero-posteriorly. Front with long, stiff, shining

black, bristly hairs. Upper anterior eye facets barely perceptibly enlarged.

Second joint of antenna showing same inner protuberance asin 9. Hypopygium

small and shining black, not visible from above.

Upolu: Malololelei, 9 99, 20.111.—14-30.v1., 7.vii.1924 (Armstrong, Buxton

and Hopkins). Savaii: Safune and Salailua, 1 3, 3 99, 21, 22.v.1924. Tutuila:

Pago Pago, 4 §¢ (cotypes), 1 9, 16-18.iv.1924 (Bryan), 14.x1i.1925.

196 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

VOLUCELLINAE.

8. Volucella obesa Fabr.*

Upolu, 5 3g, 9 29, 15.1i-vi., xi1.1925. Tutuila, 1 3, 18.1v.1924 (Bryan).

ERISTALINAE.

9. Dissoptera maritima sp. n.

Four males of this peculiar fly included in the present collection present

important differences from D. unicolor Bezzi, to which, owing to its general

dark coloration, the species would appear to be related. The antennae are

black, not reddish, and the arista, which is scarcely longer than the entire

antenna, is very strongly thickened on its basal half or two-thirds. The

yellowish scaly tomentum is not at all apparent, although some short yellowish

hair is present beneath the longer black vestiture. The halteres are yellowish,

and the male genitalia slightly visible from above. There are some long pale

hairs on the hind femora, especially about the tips, as well as the denser, stiff,

semi-appressed black bristle-like hairs. ‘The wing-veins are brownish, and the

costa ends approximately at the tip of wing. Bezzi states that the eyes of

D. unicolor are unicolorous, but in all four specimens before me I can observe

well-defined, small, point-like spots or reflections, suggesting the appearance

afforded by certain females of Lathyrophthalmus.

dg. Eyes bare, separated widely, as described for D. unicolor, narrowest in

profile on lower half; distance between eyes at lower part of front but slightly

* This species frequented earth closets, and was observed to deposit its eggs on the under

side of the seat.—P. A. Buxton.

Possibly owing to the agency of old-time sailing ships, to which it may have been attracted

by odours, Volucella obesa has a wide distribution in the tropics, where it occurs in both hemi-

spheres. As shown by the series of specimens in the British Museum, apart from Samoa the fly

is found at any rate in Mexico, Central and South America, the West Indies, the Sandwich Is.,

Tahiti, Rodriguez I., Mauritius, the Seychelles Is., Madagascar and N. Nigeria (the National

Collection includes a solitary specimen from Kano). On the Lower Amazons, Brazil, thirty-odd

years ago, it was “ very common everywhere,” and its association with privies was also noted.

“ Like the Bee (Chrysantheda nitida), which it closely resembles when on the wing, this fly is the

victim of an overpowering curiosity, and remains poised in the air in front of one in a way that

is perfectly irritating. It seems to be an exceedingly stupid fly, and when caught in the net its

movements at once become dull and sluggish” (cf. Austen, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1896, p. 776).

—K. HE. Austen.

SYRPHIDAE. 197

greater than at vertex. Front just before antennal prominence shining black,

bare ; remainder of front and vertex shining metallic bluish, largely obscured

by brownish-black dust; front and vertex completely covered with rather

thick, long, shaggy, black hair, extending to upper occiput ; behind black hair

a narrow band of whitish hair of similar length. Upper occiput very prominent,

so that corners of eyes are cut away posteriorly ; middle of occiput devoid of

long hair, with microscopic whitish pubescence and whitish pollen, and with a

few longer white hairs below. First and second joints of antennae shining

black, third joint opaque black, rounded, slightly deeper than long. Arista

black, bare, much thickened on basal half. Face depressed immediately below

antennae, otherwise strongly projecting; shining black, covered along eye

margins, narrowly opposite side of antennae, more widely below to middle of

cheeks, with dense white band of microscopic pubescense, connected just below

antennae. Shining black middle of face with a few longer black hairs, sides

sparsely clothed with long white hairs.

Dorsum of thorax shining black, narrowly opaque anteriorly, and clothed

with thick, long, greyish hair, which becomes black in middle and posteriorly.

Scutellum black, shining, clothed with very long, black hair. Pleurae grey,

feebly shining, with middle covered with dense tufts of long, greyish-white pile.

Halteres light yellowish.

Abdomen shining black, with nearly parallel sides, third and fourth segments

being only slightly narrower than second, and with their sides very strongly

incurved. Dorsum clothed with rather long, thick hair, becoming shorter

posteriorly, whitish on second and third segments anteriorly, forming a black

band posteriorly ; fourth tergite with entirely black, appressed, stiffish hair.

Genitalia shining black, short, black haired, and barely visible from above.

Legs slender, shining black (except tarsi, which are dark brown), clothed

for most part with black hair ; a few whitish hairs on anterior tibiae posteriorly,

and both long, sparse, white hairs and microscopic whitish pubescence on hind

femora ; first joint of hind tarsi slightly thickened.

Wings hyaline ; stigma and veins light brown, costa ending a little before

tip of wing.

Upolu: Malololelei, 1 3 (holotype), 2.vui.1924 (Armstrong), 1 3 (paratype),

18.v1.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins). Tutuila: Pago Pago, 2 gd (paratypes),

18.iv.1924 (Bryan), 14.x11.1925.

198 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

10. Lathyrophthalmus nitidus Van der Wulp.

The Samoan variety of this striking species agrees in detail with Bezzi’s

description of Fijian specimens (op. cit., pp. 79-80, 1928), except that the anterior

border of the second abdominal segment in the female is interrupted in only

one instance ; the median interruption of the bands on the following segments

is quite characteristic.

Upolu: Malololelei, 1 3g, 8 29, 20-26.v1.1924 (Armstrong), 7.vil.1925

(Wilder). Tutuila: Pago Pago, 1 9, 9.1x.1925 (Swezey and Wilder). Savaii :

Safune, 1 ¢, 16.v.1924 (Bryan).

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES.

Text-fig. 1. Ischiodon scutellaris Fabr. 3.

2. Baccha praefica Bezzi. 9.

”»>

CLUSIIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND

SAPROMYZIDAE

By J. R. Matzocu, Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

(With 6 Text-figures.)

CLUSIIDAE.

In 1925 Melander and Argo (Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 64, Art. 11, pp. 1-54,

Pls. 1-4, 1925) published a revision of this family, and included in their paper

keys to all the recognized genera and species of the world. They recorded the

fact that no species had then “ been described from Africa, Australia, or Asia,”

while only four of the eighty known species “ have been recorded from the

islands south of Asia.” Since the appearance of that paper I have described an

Australian species, and more recently Bezzi (Diptera Brachycera and Athericera

of the Fut Islands, p. 87, 1928) described one from a solitary specimen from

Fiji. Both of these species belong to the genus Heteromermngia Czerny, which

was previously known to be represented in North and South America, and in

Kurope. In the Samoan material I find examples of two species which are not

referable to any known genus, and are therefore described below.

The species of which the life-histories are known live in the larval and pupal

stages in dead wood, some of them under the bark of recently felled trees, others

in rotten portions of growing trees, and still others in much decayed, spongy

areas in dead tree-stumps or logs. Usually the flies may be found on the trunks

of trees suitable for their oviposition and especially on fallen timber, but unless

searched for in such situations they are seldom met with, and thus are much

rarer in collections than is the case with some other families which are more

promiscuous in their flight habits. Neither in their immature nor mature stages

are the species of economic importance to man.

Isoclusia, gen. n.

This genus has two pairs of reclinate orbital bristles, no cruciate inter-

frontals, ocellars and postverticals present, equal in length, and shorter than

199

200 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

anterior orbitals; arista very short haired ; vibrissae single, situated behind

anterior line of eyes, and very widely separated; thorax with 1-2 pairs of

dorsocentrals, four scutellars, one mesopleural and one sternopleural ; all tibiae

with a preapical dorsal bristle, very short and fine on hind pair ; first wing-vein

bare ; ultimate section of fourth vein about five times as. long as penultimate

section.

In the key given by Melander and Argo (loc. cit., p. 4) this genus cannot be

carried further than (2), since it can be placed in neither of the groups segregated

by the characters listed, one having reclinate orbitals and cruciate interfrontals,

and the other having either proclinate or convergent anterior orbitals.

Genotype, Isoclusia samoaensis, sp. Nn.

1. Isoclusia samoaensis, sp. n.

. Shining tawny yellow, face whitish-yellow, with white dust; frons

brownish, orbits narrowly margined with whitish dust; antennae and palpi

testaceous yellow ; legs entirely yellow ; wings hyaline, with a fuscous cloud at

tip from apex of second vein, evanescent posteriorly.

Frons dull, subquadrate, interfrontalia bare, anterior orbital with a very

slight curve at apex, about half as long as posterior orbital ; eyes almost round,

bare; third antennal segment about 1-5 as long as wide, rounded at apex ;

arista slender, about 1-5 as long as width of anterior margin of frons; cheek

about as high as width of third antennal segment; face slightly convex.

Thorax with four series of intradorsocentral hairs, presutural bristle well

developed, and no distinct prescutellar acrostichals ; scutellar bristles subequal,

disc bare. Legs normal, front femur with a series of posteroventral bristles,

becoming longer apically. Outer cross-vein of wing at over 1-5 its own length

from apex of fifth vein; ultimate section of fourth vein about five times as

long as penultimate section, not noticeably curved forward apically.

Length, 3 mm.

Savaii: Safune, type and paratype 9, 13.v.1924 (Bryan). Type in the

Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

2. Isoclusia hyalipennis, sp. n.

g. Very similar in all respects to the foregoing species, and agreeing in

colour and general structure, but with no trace of an apical dark mark on the

CLUSIIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 201

* wings. Upper surface of fore tarsi with erect, curled, black hairs, distinctly

longer than diameter of segments upon which they are situated ; outer cross-

vein in wing about half its own length from inner one.

Length, 3 mm.

Upolu: Afiamalu, type 3, 7.x1.1925 (Wilder). This specimen is in the

Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Even allowing for the contingency of sexual dimorphism, it would appear

impossible that the forms described above are the male and female of the same

species, the cases where wing-markings are absent in one sex and present in the

other being normally the reverse of that exhibited here. More material, in

much better condition, is, however, required before a definite decision can be

made.

SAPROMYZIDAE.

In the work to which reference has already been made, Dr. Bezzi did not

attempt to place the Fijian species in their proper genera, as distinguished in

the recent papers by Dr. F. Hendel and myself; and without access to his

species it 1s impossible to decide the exact status of all of them. It is, however,

evident from Bezzi’s statement that all of the species placed by him in Sapro-

myza have the small black setulae on the costal vein extending to the end of

third vein, that all are referable to the genus Homoneura van der Wulp sens.

lat. Whether the species belong to several subgenera can only be determined

by an examination of the type specimens, but it appears probable that Sapro-

myza acrotora Bezzi is a Griphoneuroides. Griphoneura msignis Bezzi is very

probably referable to the same subgenus of Homoneura, since no true species

of Griphoneura is yet known to occur in the Orient.

The peculiar Fijian genus Encyclosis Bezzi is not represented among the

Samoan material before me.

Bezzi was in error in placing three Fijian species in Drosomyza de Meijere.

The species in question belong to Trypaneoides Tonnoir and Malloch, a genus

found in Asia, and extending southward to New Zealand. I have examined the

genotype of Drosomyra, and find that it lacks the discal bristle on the mesopleura

which characterizes T’rypaneoides.

INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Trypaneoides Tonnoir and Malloch.

In a recently published revision of the Oriental Sapromyzidae,* I have

dealt with the species of this genus, with the exception of one which occurs in

Australia, and another which is found in New Zealand. None of the three

Fijian species assigned by Bezzi to Drosomyia agree with any of those in my

key. All three of them run to No. 7 in that key, and all have but one clear

spot on the costa between the ends of the second and third veins, being thus

distinguished from T. hyalipuncta Malloch. In Sapromyza leucostica Bezzi

there is but one spot, or two connected spots, in the apex of the first posterior

cell, a character which readily distinguishes this species from all the others, in

which there are eight or more such spots in that cell; in S. cirrhicauda Bezzi

there are about twelve clear spots in the first posterior cell, owing to those in

the apical half of the cell being divided by a dark line; and in S. canwventris

Bezzi the spots in the same cell are all more or less connected by pale lines

extending between them on the central line of the cell.

In the material from Samoa I find examples of one of the species described

by Bezzi, and of two others which are distinct from his. Below I present a

key for their differentiation.

Kery TO THE SPECIES.

1, Face densely covered with pale grey, with two complete, rather broad, dark

brown transverse bands, one a little above lower margin, the other

below bases of antennae ; longest hairs on arista about five times as

long as its basal diameter ; cheek without a dark mark near vibrissal

angle ; ultimate section of fourth wing vein very distinctly less than

twice as long as penultimate section; large species, averaging over

4 mm. in length . ‘ : ; ‘ : : . : . camventris Bezzi.

Face covered with grey dust, with at most a narrow, dark, transverse

band near lower margin, sometimes reduced to three dark spots, one

on each side, the other in centre ; hairs on arista not, or very slightly,

longer than its basal diameter; ultimate section of fourth vein

twice as long as penultimate section ; smaller species, not over 3 mm.

inlength . : : : : ; : : : F : : 2 sie

* Cf. Malloch, J. R., “ Notes on Some Oriental Sapromyzid Flies (Diptera), with Particular

Reference to the Philippine Species’: No. 2751, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., Vol. 74, Art. 6, pp. 1-97,

Pls. 1-6, 1929.

CLUSIIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 203

2. Cheek without a dark spot near vibrissal angle ; three clear spots and a

central longitudinal streak in submarginal cell of wing (between

apical sections of veins 2 and 3); Fijian species. : § . leucosticta Bezzi.

Cheek with a black-brown spot near vibrissal angle ; submarginal cell of

wing with clear spots, with or without longitudinal central streak . . ‘ : 3

3. Only three clear spots in submarginal cell of wing ; no clear spot on each

side of inner cross-vein ; ground colour dark brown k

More than three clear spots in submarginal cell of wing, the additional

spots rather small and faint ; a clear spot on each side of inner cross-

vein . ; 3 : ‘ : 3 s ‘ B ‘ . puncticeps, sp. n.

samoaensis, Sp. D.

3. Trypaneoides caniventris Bezzi.

This species, besides its larger size and the distinctions mentioned in the

above key, has the frons more protuberant in front, and two or more out-

standing discal bristles on the mesopleura.

Length, 4-6 mm.

Upolu: Apia, 31.v.1924; Vailima, 9.vi.1924. Tutuila: Pago Pago,

4.x1.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins) ; and Leone Road, 19.11.1924 (Bryan). Manua :

Tau, 20.11.1926 (Judd). Tonga Islands: Vavau, Neiafu, 5.i11.1925 ; Nukualofa,

22.11.1925 (Hopkins).

Judging from its occurrence in these three groups of islands, this species

would appear to be the most widely distributed of those found in this region,

but it may be that its larger size is responsible for its more frequent inclusion

in collections.

3A. Trypaneoides leucosticta (Bezzi).

I accept as belonging to this species one specimen before me, despite certain

differences between it and Bezzi’s description and figure. It is possible that the

faint longitudinal streaks in the marginal, submarginal, and first posterior cells

of the wing in my specimen are evident because the example is rather teneral,

since they do not show in Bezzi’s figure. There is a marked distinction between

the specimen before me and Bezzi’s description, the former having the abdomen

pitchy black, with two round white pollinose spots on each side of each tergite

except the basal one, situated about midway between the fore and hind margins,

and a smaller white pollinose spot in the middle of the hind margin. Bezzi, on

the other hand, describes the species as having the paired spots on the hind

margin, and the central one on the fore margin. Unless we have examined

”

204 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

different species, f can only assume that there is an error in Bezzi’s description

reversing the position of the white spots.*

Length, 3 mm.

Fipt Islands: Viti Levu, Colo-i-Suva, 20.vi.1924 (Bryan).

This species, which is not known to occur in Samoa, is included here because

of the above-mentioned points of variance with the original description and

figure. It has not been previously recorded from this locality in Fiji.

4. ‘Tryaneoides samoaensis, sp. n. (Text-fig. 1).

3. Black, densely clothed with brownish-grey dust. Interfrontalia fuscous ;

face with three small, dark brown, almost connected marks in depression above

TEext-FiG. 1.—Trypaneoides samoaensis, sp.n. Wing.

lower margin, and a similarly coloured mark between antenna and eye; a

black-brown mark on each cheek near vibrissal angle; antennae brownish-

yellow, third segment black except upper basal angle ; aristae and palpi fuscous.

* A careful comparison of the example from Colo-i-Suva, Viti Levu, Fiji, here discussed by

Mr. Malloch, with the type g and 2 of Sapromyza leucosticta Bezzi, shows conclusively that the

three specimens are conspecific. In all three the colour of the abdomen is the same (dark mummy-

brown) ; the paired spots are not on the hind margins of their respective tergites, but are nearer

to the hind than to the fore margins ; and the small median spot on the fore margin of the third

and fourth tergites in the case of the ¢ type, and at least on that of the third tergite in the

specimen examined by Mr. Malloch, extends on to the hind margin of the preceding tergite. As

regards the wings, the pale longitudinal streaks which, as stated by Mr. Malloch, are present in

the dark areas in the marginal, submarginal and first posterior cells in the case of the specimen

from Colo-i-Suva, would appear to be due to individual variation, if not to immaturity as Mr.

Malloch suggests. As a matter of fact, the distal portion of the first posterior cell in the case of

Bezzi’s 3 type shows a trace of such a streak, which is more evident in the left wing than in the

right.—E. E. Austen.

CLUSIIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 205

Thorax with four pairs of acrostichals and dorsocentrals ; mesopleura with one

strong discal bristle. Mesonotum with following dark brown marks: a pair of

vittae between acrostichals and dorsocentrals, broken at third pair of dorso-

centrals, and widened behind to enclose prescutellar acrostichals; a pair of

interrupted vittae between dorsocentrals and lateral margin, and a large spot

at base of each bristle; pleurae largely spotted with dark brown; scutellum

without dark spots. Abdomen with numerous small and moderately large

spots of pale dust on dark brown ground, each hair and bristle inserted in one

of the pale spots, largest of latter in a series near posterior margin, and one in

centre of anterior margin, of each tergite. Legs testaceous yellow, with dark

bases to femora, a dark mark near tip of each femur, and one near base of each

middle and hind tibia. Wangs as shown in text-fig. 1. Ultimate section of

fourth vein twice as long as penultimate. Halteres dark brown.

Length, 3 mm.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 1 3 (type), 14.xi1.1926 (Buxton and Hopkins).

In all three of the small species the halteres are dark, in T. caniventris they

are yellow.

5. Trypaneoides puncticeps, sp. n. (Text-fig. 2).

39. A darker coloured species than the foregoing, with which it agrees in

structure and size. The covering of dust on the head and thorax is leaden

Text-Fic. 2—Trypancoides puncticeps, sp.n. Wing.

grey, that on the abdomen yellowish-grey. The face has the lower dark mark

forming a complete band, and the thoracic dorsum has the submedian vittae

much broader and complete, connecting, or almost connecting, with two dark

206 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

stripes on the scutellum. Legs as in T. samoaensis, but the femora are fuscous

except at the tips. Wungs as shown in text-fig. 2.

Upolu: Tuaefu, type ¢ and allotype, 16.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Type in the Bishop Museum.

Homoneura van der Wulp.

This is the predominant genus of the family in the Malayan region, and

apparently in Oceania also if one may judge from the material already described.

In Australia Sapromyza Fallen is the richest in species ; although many of the

forms are rather aberrant, it is not possible to distinguish them generically in a

satisfactory manner at this time. I have erected several subgenera of Homoneura

in the paper referred to above, and two of the segregates named therein are

represented in the Samoan material before me.

Bezzi has described three Fijian species, which belong to a group in which

but one sternopleural and no intra-alar bristle is present, the anterior one of the

three pairs of dorsocentrals is presutural, and the mesonotum is metallic bluish

or greenish. This group is unrepresented in the Samoan material now before

me. All the other Fijian species included in Bezzi’s key after the foregoing

three are said to have a distinct intra-alar bristle, and would therefore be assign-

able to the subgenus Mvinettioides Malloch, but none of them agrees with any

one of the species of this subgenus dealt with below.

I have before me a male and female from Fiji (Viti Levu), which appear to

belong to H. ensifera Bezzi, but they are teneral and it is impossible to be certain

as to this. The female possesses a knife-like ovipositor, and in other respects

the species agrees very well with the description except that the specimens are

darker than described. The particular point, however, that I desire to mention

is that the specimens do not possess a well-developed intra-alar bristle as

required by Bezzi’s key, and it is possible that an error has crept in here. Since

the species is not Samoan, I do not care to deal further with it here.

It must be noted that Bezzi, in considering the length of the hairs on the

arista, takes the total extent from the tips of the hairs on the lower side to the

tips of those on the upper side, thus making any estimate he gives twice as

great as that given by me, since I consider only the length of the individual

hairs.

I present below a key to the Samoan species, only two of which fall within

any of the segregates in Bezzi’s key.

(Kellers).

CLUSHIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 207

Kry to SPECIES.

1. A small but distinct intra-alar bristle on mesonotum ee

Minettioides Malloch)

No distinguishable intra-alar inicale (cubeenns Honioheunh van der

Wulp) ‘ 3 : ‘ :

. Abdomen with two series of deep black, round spots, one pair on

each tergite from second, or third, to sixth inclusive; ¢ hypo-

pygium yellow :

Abdomen with three series of Black more or ieee nappies. spots,

lateral spots connected with a black hind marginal fascia which

extends to, or almost to, extreme lateral margin of tergites 3 to

6 inclusive, spots sometimes enlarged to form three broad black

vittae ; hypopygium of ¢ black or fuscous

. Fore femur without a series of stiff black spinules on apical half of

antero-ventral surface .

Fore femur with a series of stiff black epieaies on apical half of aalies

roventral surface .

. No well-developed acrostichal bristles in front of prescutellar pair ;

thorax largely grey

One or more pairs of moll developed eeroaniohall reste in feat OE

prescutellar pair .

. Shining black species, anterior margin of frons reddish, abdomen

glossy black ; halteres with fuscous knobs :

Shining yellow species, only black markings consisting of some black

spots on apical half of dorsum of abdomen, usually three on

fifth and two on sixth tergite, with more rarely three much

fainter ones on fourth; halteres yellow .

6. Homoneura acrostichalis de Meijere.

nigricauda, sp. Nn.

apiservata, sp. n.

setulosa, sp. n.

hawariensis Malloch.

sas

anthracina, sp. 0.

acrostichalis de Meijere.

This species is readily distinguishable from its allies by the presence of a

fringe of closely placed, small black setulae along the sides of the sixth abdominal

tergite, on the extreme edge, in the g. The fore femur has the usual series of

very small black spines on the apical half of the anteroventral surface, a

character which distinguishes the species in both sexes from others of similar

general appearance occurring in the same region, several of these lacking the

series which is normally present in this genus throughout the Orient.

Tutuila: Amauli, 9.vi.1923 (Swezey and Wilder) ;

Pago Pago, 18.iv.

Upolu: Apia, 27.v.1924 (Bryan). Manua: Tau, 20.v.1926 (Judd).

H. acrostichalis also occurs in the Dutch Indies, and Formosa.

208 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

7. Homoneura (Homoneura) hawaiiensis Malloch.

Distinguishable at once from any other species represented in the collection

before me owing to the thorax being densely covered with grey dust. As its

name implies, the present species was originally described from material from

Hawaii, where, so far as my existing knowledge goes, there is only one other

representative of the genus. —

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 14.xu.1925. Upolu: Apia, 18.11.1924 (Buxton and

Hopkins), and 27.v.1924 (Bryan). Savai: Safune, 5.v.1924 (Bryan). Manua:

Tau, 20.11.1926 (Judd).

I have seen examples of this species from no other localities than Samoa

and Hawaii.

8. Homoneura (Homoneura) anthracina, sp. n. (Text-fig. 3).

G9. Glossy black ; anterior margin of frons, and usually most of face and

cheeks, antennae, trochanters, tibiae, and tarsi, testaceous yellow; palpi,

antennae, and face, sometimes brown or fuscous. Wings greyish-hyaline, not

blackened at bases. Calyptrae and knobs of halteres fuscous.

Frons parallel-sided, a little longer than wide, orbital stripes slightly differ-

entiated, orbital bristles moderately strong, anterior pair a little shorter than

posterior pair, ocellars and postverticals shorter than anterior orbitals, sub-

equal, outer verticals over half as long as inner pair; longest hairs on arista

about equal in length to its basal diameter; third antennal segment over 1-5

as long as wide; face shining. Thorax with usual three pairs of postsutural

dorsocentral bristles ; intradorsocentral hairs in about ten series, and at least

one pair of outstanding acrostichal bristles about midway between suture and

hind pair; sternopleurals 2. Abdomen ovate; male hypopygium as in text-

fig. 2. Fore femur with series of short setulae on apical half of anteroventral

surface quite well developed ; middle tibia without posterior bristles; hind

femur without an anteroventral preapical bristle; preapical dorsal bristle

present on all tibiae. Inner cross-vein of wing slightly proximad of middle of

discal cell; penultimate section of fourth vein fully two-thirds as long as

ultimate section.

Length, 3-5-4-5 mm.

Tutuila : Pago Pago, type 4, allotype, and 3 paratype 9,14.xu., 1925 (Buxton

CLUSIIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 209

and Hopkins); paratype 9, and 1 paratype pair in copuld, same locality,

25.ix.1923 and 24.ix.1923 respectively (Swezey and Wilder).

In Tahiti there is a somewhat larger species, very closely related to this but

distinguished by structural differences. It is still undescribed, but I hope very

shortly to include it in a report on material from that region.

9. Homoneura (Minettioides) nigricauda, sp. n. (Text-fig. 4).

This and the two following species are very similar in colour and general

habitus. A description of the present species will suffice for the others, of

which only distinguishing characters will be mentioned.

Text-ria. 3.—Homoneura anthracina, sp. n. dg hypopygium.

Text-Fic. 4.—Homoneura nigricauda

TExtT-FIG. 5.—Homoneura apiseriata,

be ibe) 99 99 99

a4 9 29 99

g. Shining orange-yellow. Frons as in H. anthracina, dull, slightly darker

in the centre ; longest hairs on arista about three times as long as its basal

diameter. Thorax as in H. anthracina, but with about eight series of intra-

dorsocentral hairs, and no well-developed acrostichals except prescutellar pair.

Abdomen with three series of black, more or less triangular marks, varying much

in intensity and development, central series sometimes indistinct and lateral

ones and apical fascia much reduced; in darker examples black markings

forming three broad, complete vittae from near base to apex of abdomen.

Hypopygium as in text-fig. 4, generally black or fuscous, rarely yellow in part.

Legs yellow; fore femur with preapical anteroventral series of setulae very

fine and hair-like, almost undeveloped ; all tibiae with preapical dorsal bristle.

Wings as in H. anthracina, yellowish hyaline. Halteres yellow.

VI, 4 3

210 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Length, 5 mm.

Sava: Safune, type and 4 paratypes, 17-23.v.1924 (Bryan). Tutuila:

Afono Trail, 1 paratype, 25.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Type in Bishop

Museum, Honolulu.

An example with yellow hypopygium and no central black spots on the

abdomen appears to represent a pale form of this species. The specimen shows

the lateral apical fascia extending from the sublateral spot to the lateral extremity

of the tergites of the apical half of the abdomen, a character which distinguishes

it from the next two species.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 19.1v.1924 (Bryan). The specimen is in the Bishop

Museum,

10. Homoneura (Minettioides) apiseriata, sp. n. (Text-fig. 5).

6. Similar to H. (M.) mgricauda, and differmg only in having a pair of

round black spots on each tergite from third to sixth inclusive, and in the outer

arms of the hypopygium having a more decided projection at the apex (cf. text-

fig. 5).

Length, 5 mm.

Upolu: Tuaefu, Sliding Rock, type 3, allotype, 1 paratype g and 1 para-

type 2, 16.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder). Type in Bishop Museum.

In the case of the two paratypes there is a slight indication of a darkened

central spot on the anterior margin of some of the tergites of the apical half of

the abdomen.

11. Homoneura (Minettioides) setulosa, sp. n.

2. Slightly paler in colour than species 9 and 10, with the round, black,

paired spots on the abdomen beginning on the second visible tergite, and the

fore femur with a distinct comb-like series of minute black spines on the apical

half of the anteroventral surface. In other respects as H. (JZ.) apiseriata.

Length, 5 mm.

Manua: Tau, type, 20.11.1926 (Judd). In the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Panurgopsis Kertész.

I consider Prochaetops Bezzi (Diptera Brachycera and Athericera of the Fuji

Islands, p. 120, 1928) identical with this genus. Bezzi states that his genus is

CLUSIIDAE (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 211

distinguished from Panurgopsis by the anterior orbitals being directed back-

wards, and by the presutural bristle being stronger ; but his figure (op. cit., p.

122, fig. 38) shows the anterior orbitals curved inwards at the tips as in Panur-

gopsis. The strength of the presutural bristle is of little importance in this

group ; only its total absence is worth considering as a generic criterion, and

even where it is normally absent it is sometimes weakly represented.

In the paper dealing with Oriental Sapromyzidae which is referred to on

p- 201 above, I have included a synopsis of the genera related to Panurgopsis,

and the Samoan species run satisfactorily to it in the key.

In the Samoan material there appear to be representatives of only one

rather variable species, which is described below as new.

12. Panurgopsis quadriseriata, sp. n.

5. Pale testaceous yellow, slightly shining. Frons at vertex about one-

third as wide as head, its length about 1-5 as great as its width, hairy in front,

and with bristles as in P. (Prochaetops) mgriseta Bezzi, postverticals well below

vertex, in other respects as that species. Ocellar spot black, a dark brown

mark between each antenna and eye, and sometimes two small dark dots on

centre of labrum. Thorax with dorsum largely fuscous, with a broad pale

central vitta extending over apex of scutellum and centre of postnotum, lateral

margins of mesonotum yellow, dark sublateral portions varying from brown to

blackish, always darker along pale stripe ; sternopleura with a dark mark on

upper anterior portion: 1-+2 dorsocentrals, intradorsocentral hairs biseriate,

sternopleurals 2; scutellum slightly flattened on disc. Abdomen ovate, with

four series of black dorsal spots on anterior margins of tergites, faint in immature

examples.. Legs normal, yellow. Wangs as in P. nigriseta, hyaline. Halteres

with yellow knobs.

Length, 3-3-5 mm.

Savai: Salailua, rain forest, 2,000-4,000 feet, 1 9, type, 17.v.1924 (Bryan).

Safune, lower forest, 1,000—2,000 feet, allotype and 1 3 paratype, 4.v.1924

(Bryan). Tutwila: Leone Road, paratype 9, 19.11.1924 (Bryan). Upolu,

paratype 9, 3.vi.1924. Type in the Bishop Museum.

The last-mentioned specimen is immature and lacks definite dark spots on

the abdomen.

212 * JNSECTS OF SAMOA.

The Fijian species P. mgriseta Bezzi has a large, blackish, central spot on

the lower margin of the face, and the fore legs from the tips of the femora to

those of the tibiae black or fuscous.

‘Trigonometopus Meigen.

The single species of this genus represented in the collection before me 1s

practically normal as regards generic characters, the face receding greatly

below, and the presutural (posthumera!) bristle being absent, or represented by

a short setula. I am unable to identify this species among those already

described, and therefore consider it new to science. Although not recorded by

Bezzi as occurring in Fiji, the genus is found in Kurope, North and South America,

Asia, many of the islands between that continent and Australia, and also in

Australia itself.

13. ‘Trigonometopus semibrunnea, sp. n. (‘T'ext-fig. 6).

4. Testaceous yellow, slightly shining. Frons over twice as long as its

width at upper angles of eyes, clothed with hair throughout entire length in

centre, and entire width in front, ocellars and postverticals small; face much

Text-ric. 6.—Trigonometopus semibrunnea, sp. n. Wing.

receding below, epistoma in profile about middle of head, antennae normal ;

arista pubescent. Ocellar spot brown, sometimes a similarly coloured central

streak extending from it to anterior margin of frons; occiput fuscous except

on each side of central dark mark, a dark brown mark between each antenna

and eye ; antennae brownish testaceous ; arista black ; palpi testaceous yellow ;

CLUSHDAEK (HETERONEURIDAE) AND SAPROMYZIDAE. 213

all cephalic hairs black. Thorax as in oenotype, but presutural bristle some-

times weakly represented ; intradorsocentral hairs in 6-8 series. Thorax largely

fuscous, mesonotum with a central vitta, varying in width, extending over disc

of scutellum, and usually a narrow vitta anteriorly along each series of dorso-

central bristles, testaceous yellow; sutures of pleurae pale. Abdomen rather

stout, hypopygium of g prominent ; dorsum fuscous, a central pale vitta may

be complete or evident only at base, or at base and apex; venter, including

broadly incurved portions of tergites, testaceous yellow. Legs normal, entirely

testaceous. Wangs as shown in text-fig. 6, hyaline, deep brown along entire

costa, shading off at fourth vein, both cross-veins narrowly clouded with brown.

Halteres testaceous yellow, knobs fuscous.

Length, 5 mm.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, type 4, 14.xi1.1925. Upolu: Vailima, allotype,

12.xi1.1925 ; same locality, paratype 3, 2.11.1925; Malololelei, 2,000 feet,

paratype 3, 20.vi.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins); Tuaefu, paratype 3, 16.1x.1923

(Swezey and Wilder). Savaii: Safune, rain forest, 2,000-4,000 feet, paratype

Q, 2.v.1924 (Bryan).

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES

Text-fig. 1. Trypaneoides samoaensis, sp. n. Wing.

Me A. puncticeps, sp. n. Wing.

» 3. Homoneura anthracina, sp.n. 3g hypopygium.

pao ae e3 nigricauda, sp. Nn. ue

sD Fe apiseriata, sp. 0. a

» 6. Trigonometopus sennbrunnea, sp. n. Wing.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BHOCLES.

Shae

Pant

Tie

PEN

i bahensei!

Bes

i Nig ‘

Tee y Ny ea -

e) aie f t vie

wae

dai oh I ie,

itd

Bett

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

| ARTHROPODA

LIST OF PARTS AND SYSTEM OF PUBLICATION ~ —

Part mle Orthoptera and Dermaptera.

» 11. Hemiptera. |

» II. Lepidoptera.

» IV. Coleoptera.

__,, V. Hymenoptera.

» MI. Diptera.

4 VII. Other Orders of Insects.

,, VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than Insects.

,, LX. Summary and Index.

- The work is published at intervals in the form of numbered fascicles.

Although individual fascicles may contain contributions by more than one

author, each fascicle is so arranged as to form an integral portion of one or

_ other of the Parts specified above.

bist of Faseicles iseued! ta 27th Jelu, 1620 —

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda. Maps | and Date Issued,

2 (inenvelope). 1927, 4to. 6d. 26th February, 1927.

Part I. OrtHopTEeRA AND DERMAPTERA.

Fasc. 1. Dermaptera. By Dr. Alfredo Borelli. Pp. 1-8, 1928, 4to. Is. 28th July, 1928.

Fasc. 2. Orthoptera. By Dr. L. Chopard. 51 text-figures. Pp. 9-58. 1929, 4to; 5s. 26%) January, 1929,

Part I]. HeMurrera.

Fasc. 1. Fulgoroidea. By F. Muir. 25 text-figures. Psyllide (Chermide). By

Prof. D. L. Crawford. 4 text-figures. Coccide, Aphidide and Aleyrodide.

By F. Laing, M.A., B.Sc. 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-45. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d. 25th Juue, 1927.

Fasc. 2. Cercopide. By V. Lallemand, M.D. 10 text-figures. Cicadide. By

yers, Sc.D. 22 text-figures. ” Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Heteroptera.

y Prof. Teiso Esaki. 6 aie Pp. 47-80. 1928. 4to. 2s. 6d. 23rd June, 1928.

Part III. LEPIDOPTERA.

Fasc. |. Butterflies of Samoa and some poe eons Island-groups. By G.H. E. :

Hopkins, M.A., F.E.S. 1 text-figure and 4 plates. Pp. feed 1927, 4to. 5s. 9th April, 1927.

Fasc. 2. Micro-Lepidopt By Edward Meyrick, B.A. F.R.S. Pp. 65-116.

eg a ees i optera. By Edward Meyric Pp: 28th May, 1927.

Fasc. 3. G tride. By Louis B. Prout, F.E.S. 2 text-f d | plate.

Be ze. 1908 te a ee i meade March 1906)

List of Fascicles issued to 27th July, 1929 (continued) :—

Part IV. CoLropTerRA.

Fasc. J. Carabide. By H. E. PREG ae terehennee: Dytiscide. By A.

Zimmermann. 2 tent figures Staphylinide. By M. Cameron, M.B. 2 text-

figures. Hydrophilide. Vea Trex figure, Clavicornia and

Lamellicornia. By G. J. plas 13 text-figures. Pp to. 3s.

Fasc. 2. Heteromera, Bostrychoidea, Mopaee tien and Buprestide. ‘ByK. G.

Blair, B.Sc. | 14 text-figures. Elaterid a Eo . yan pace es 10 |

text-figures. Meese (inca ze). tata Cerambycide. By

Chr. Ao i one aot a ez. By R. Kleine. 4 text-figures.

Anthribide. Karl

Hh Oky Be tole. DSc, RS. Pp. 67-174. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 3. Throscide. By K: G, Blair, B.Sc. 1 text-figure. Cheysomelide

By S. Maulik, M.A. 18 text-figures. Pp. 175-215. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 4. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. By C. F, C. Beeson, D.Sc. 13 text~

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d, ara ;

Part V. HyMENOPTERA.

Fasc. 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Vespoidea. By R. C. . Perkins, D.Sc.,

F.RS., and _L. es ae F.ES., F.Z.S. 12 text-figures. de

By Francis X. Williams. 12 text-figures. Formicide. By be F

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Part VI. Diptera.

Fasc. 1. Streblide and Nycteribiide. By L.Falcoz. 7 eaieaiee -Hippo-

boscide:. By G. F. Ferris. 6 text-figures. Pp.1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Nematocera. By F.W.Edwards, M.A. Ds Cecidomyiine.

By H. F. Barnes, BAA., Ph.D. 4 text-figures. Pp. 23-108, 1928, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 3. Stratiomyiide, Tabanide and Asilide. By Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text-

gures. arve oO tratiomylide. . A; Buxton, A. text- mo

Hacc aae By C. G. Lamb, Sc.D. 8 text-figures. Sarcophagide. —

A. Buxton, M.A. 9 ue Muses 2 By J. R. Malloch.

Pp. 109-175, "1925, 4to. 5s.

Fase. 4. Popes as Pi Hae y J. E. Collin. | 7 eens

Syrphidae. Frank M. Hull 2 text-fi a Clusiidae (Heteroneuridae

and Sete iy BAT at R. Miallck, 6 text-figures. Pp. 177-213. ,

to. ds. Od.

Part VII. Ortuer Orpers oF Insects. .

Fasc. 1. Isoptera: Sa eae Bate Sagi F. Hill. _ 14 text-figures and —

28th May, 1927.

Iplate. Odonata. By Lt.-Col. raser, 1MS., FES. 5 text-figures.

Pp. 1-44. 1927, 4to. ay

Fasc. 2. Pion. a Tilyard, au aaa a ERS, and J. A.

Lestage. 2 text-fi ca ay ohonaptera. uxton, Thysanoptera.

By Peta Bagnall, F. agi : LS: eon, Pp. ‘46 1928, 4to.

Fasc. 3. ellophae By J. Waterston, DSc. 2 teciReutes Anaplare! By

P. A. Buxton A ‘tichoptera. By Martin AS Mosely. 1 figure.

Neuroptera. By P. Esben-Petersen. 1 text-figure an lates. Apterygota.

By Ceorec tL Corpenten Ser Sbtaxt hemes Po Tle. 1928, deo 6d.

Part VIII. TerrestriaL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS.

Fasc. 1. Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, DSc. 2 plates. Scor-

pionoidea. By P. A. Buxton, . Pseudo-scorpiones. By A. Kastner.

po heute, Acarina. By Stanley Hirst. 2 text-figures. fe 1-27. 1927,

to . Od.

Fasc. 2. Myniopoden (Myriopod By C, Att 4 text-figur: ées

(Araneida). By Be bieieg igpada), Pope hinitess Pp. 29-78. aes 4to. sins

ee .D. 11 text-figures. Proterhinide, By 5 th F, h ; 1928

y ebruary, :

23rd February, 1929.

F. Santschi Hh

Date Issued.

19¢h December, 1927.

22nd June, 1929.

25th February, 1928.

23rd July, 1927.

Brd June, 1928.

11th May, 1929.

21th July, 1929.

23rd June, 1928.

28th July, 1928.

Prd July, (IT

22nd June, 1929.