List a Fascicles issued. oS 23rd fe, 1934 Contd a : o

Part IV. - CoLeoprera—continued.

Fasc. 3. Throscide. By K. G. Blair, BSc.

i teehee

By S. Maulik, M.A. - 18 text-figures. Pp. 175-215.

1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 4. Platypodide and Scolytide. By C. F, C. Beeson, DSc. 13 text-

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 5. Curculionide. By Sir ou Na aes cMG., oe ERS. 31 text-

figures. Pp. 249-346.

1931, 4to. 5s.

Parr V. HYMENOPTERA.

Fasc. 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Mes vides, 2 R, On By Perkins, D. Se.

F:R'S., and L. Evelyn Cheesman, F pei ‘12 text-figures. Larride, 9

By Francis X. Williams. ‘text-figures. Pre By Dr. F.. ake

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, tio. Chaps: Vit .

Part VI. Dierera. cee

Fasc. |. Streblide and Nyctenbiide. By i Fla "7 Hane Liebe.

oscide. By erris. 6 text-figures. Pp. 1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s.6d,

Fase. 2. Nawmatiecra: By F. W. Edwards, M.A. 20 text-figures. Cecidomyiine.

By H. F. Barnes, B.A., Ph.D. 4 text-figures. Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 3. Stratiomyiide, Told and Asilide., By Gertrude Ricardo.

figures. Larve of eats ag By P. A. Buxton, M.A. 2 text-figures.

Dolichopodide. By C amb, ScD. 8 text-figures._

A. Buxton, Aa =a ee _Muscide. By

Pp. 109-175. 1929, 4to. 5s. :

a j. oh Collin.

ice ne Empidide me Pe

By 2 text-figures. Clustidae

Syrphide. Frank M. Hull.

an apromyaide. By J. R. Malloch. 6 ‘text-figures. ‘Pp. 177-213. 1929,

Calliphoride, By

Fasc. 5. Ort ‘slides: By J. R. Malloch. 6 text-figures..

J.R. Malloch. Pp. 215-237. 1930, 4to. 2s.

Fasc. 6. oe Rhone ida pe Piophilide. By J. R Malloch. Vee

'_ text-figures. 1930, Is.

Fase. 7. ae ae ; - ete rey Pp. 253-266. 1931, ae Is.

Fase. 8. Drosophilide, Eph dride, Spheroceride and Milichiide. By. J R.

sleds 16 text-figures. Pp. 261-328. 1934, ae 2s. ae .

Malloch.

4 euehouee:

Orner ORDERS OF INSECTS.

Family Tennides By Gerald F. Hill: -

By Lt Col. F.C. Fraser, I.MS., AS) PES.

Part VIL.

Fase. |.

Isoptera :

1 plate, Odonata.

BS: 1-44. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By R. J. Tillyard, Sc.D. ete ERS... and J. A.

Lestage. 2 text-figures. Siphonaptera. By P. A. Buxton, M Thysano ick

By Nees Bagnall, Fi RSE. oF LS) 6 text-figures. ‘Pp. 45-76. 1928,

Fasc. 3. Mallophaga. ‘By J. Waterston, D.Sc.. 2 text-figures.

P. uxton, richoptera. By Martin fe vey 1 figure.

Neuroptera.. By P. Esben-Petersen. 1 text-figure and Apterygota. —

By George H. Carpenter, D.Sc.

5 text-figures.

33 text-farten Bo. TEC, 1908, doo, eo

Fasc. 4. Psocoptera. By Dr. H. H. Karny. 8 text-figures. Pp. 117-129.

‘TERRESTRIAL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN Insects.

Fase. 1, Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, D.Sc.

pionoidea. By Juxton, seudo-scorpiones.

Hake ha ‘Acarina. By Stanley Hirst. 2 text-figures,

to 2

Fasc. 2. Myriopoden (Myriopoda). By C. Attems. 4 text- figures. ) are ey

(Araneida). By Dr. Lucien or 79 ere Pp. 29-78. en Ato. 2s. 6d.

Parr VIII.

2 plates.

. Kastner.

Part IX. SUMMARY AND cy

Fasc. 1. Description of the Environment. By P

text-figures ae 6 plates. Pp. 1-31. 1930, Ato. 2s, 6d.

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cay de, 19

BRITISH MUSEUM (NATURAL HISTORY)

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

ARTHROPODA

PART VI. DIPTERA

FASC. 9. Pp. 329-366

PHORIDAE, AGROMYZIDAE, MICROPEZIDAE,

TACHINIDAE and SARCOPHAGIDAE (SUPPLEMENT).

By J. R. MALLOCH |

(U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.).

WITH FIFTEEN TEXT-FIGURES.

i BRIN

PO gr ae

epee 2

* LONDON

| _ PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE TRUSTEES OF THE BRITISH MUSEUM

SOLD AT.

Tse British Musrum (Natorat History), ORomweLL Roan, S.W.7

AND BY

B. Quazitoxn, Lrp.; Dunau & Co., Ltp.; anp THe Oxrorp UNivmersity PREss.

1935

[Price Two Shillings and Sixpence.

Issued 23rd February, 1935.]

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

, ARTHROPODA -

Although a monograph, or series of papers, dealing comprehensively with

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be

expected to yield valuable results, in connection with distribution, modification

due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence. —

In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits

directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British

Museum have undertaken the publication of an account of the Insects and other

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by

Professor P. A. Buxton and Mr. G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of

the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific.

Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies

as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups

concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy of

the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It is not intended that contributors to the text shall be confined to the

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the

leading authorities on all groups to be dealt with has been obtained.

The work is divided into nine “ Parts’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), of which

each is subdivided into “ Fascicles.’’ Each of the latter, which appear as

ready in any order, consists of one or more contributions. On the completion

of the systematic portion of the work it is intended to issue a general survey

(Part IX), summarising the whole and drawing from it such conclusions as

may be warranted.

A list of Fascicles already issued will be found on pp. 3 and 4 of this wrapper.

N. D. RILEY,

Keeper of Entomology.

British Museum (Natura History).

CromweLt Roap, S.W.7.

ENSHCLS “OF SAMOA

Part VI. Fasc. 9

DIPTERA

PHORIDAE, AGROMYZIDAE, MICROPEZIDAE, TACHINIDAE

and SARCOPHAGIDAE (Supplement)

By J. R. Matxocn, U.S. Bureau of Biological Survey, Washington, D.C.,

etis

(With 15 Text-figures.)

PHORIDAE.

Tuis family contains a large number of species of very diverse structure and

habits, some of the more common saprophagous forms being widely distributed.

Most of the flies are very rapid in their movements, and coupled with this their

small size makes it difficult to capture them unless a special effort is made to

do so.

The most peculiarly specialized forms are inhabitants of ant and termite

nests, usually as commensals, but a few are known to be parasitic on ants.

The great majority feed on fungi, decaying vegetable matter and carrion,

while a few are found in the underground nests of mammals and in caves, their

food usually consisting of the excrement and remains of the inhabitants. I[

have found large numbers of larvae and puparia of Diploneura venusta, Coquillett,

in the jars of natural history specimens put up in brine. There is one closely

related species of this genus in the present collection.

Bezzi has recorded only four genera from Fiji, each with a single species,

two of the records being accredited to Brues.

Diploneura Lioy.

This generic name is used instead of Dohrniphora, Dahl, which has been in

general use by specialists in the group until a few years ago.

vi. 9. 329 1

330 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

1. Diploneura instabilis, n. sp.

A small fulvous yellow species, with the frons and back of head black, the

third antennal segment brown, thoracic dorsum, including the scutellum, dark

brown, the abdomen fulvous yellow, first tergite with a brown transverse

preapical streak, the next four tergites each with paired broad, deep black sub-

quadrate marks on each side that nearly fuse centrally, the next tergite with a

large black spot covering the apical half or more, and the hypopygium, except

the apical process, also black ; wings hyaline ; legs yellow.

Length, 1-75 mm.

Head black, the palpi fulvous yellow, third antennal segment brown ; all

bristles and hairs black. Frons shining, with slight pruinosity, the width at

vertex equal to the length in centre, the length on sides slightly less than in

centre, surface hairs extremely fine and short, bristles all strong, the central

pair on front margin rather close together, the two series of four in almost

straight transverse series; edge of vertex sharp, the four bristles strong, the

incurved one behind the outer one on each side short but strong ; no punctures

on frons, and no incised line in centre. Third antennal segment not obviously

pyriform, the bulk about equal to that of palpus, the arista nearer base than

apex ; palpi each with three short but strong black bristles along lower edge of

apical third; one bristle close to eye at level of lower edge of third antennal

segment, and two near posterior angle of gena. Aristae densely short pubescent.

Thorax fulvous yellow, the entire dorsum including the scutellum dark

brown to fuscous, pleura entirely yellow. The pleural armature as usual, but

on the lower edge of the propleura there are only three short bristles. Scutellum

about three times as wide as its length in centre, with one strong bristle near

each lateral angle of hind margin and a very small setulose hair immediately

in front of each. The mesonotum with the usual bristles along each lateral

edge and four in front of the scutellum, the two in centre much the shorter.

Legs normal, the fore tibia with four short bristles on the anterodorsal

surface from before middle to apex ; mid tibia with the usual two bristles at

base and the apical half or more of the anterodorsal surface with laminately

arranged series of microsetulae ; hind femur without any noticeable armature

or hairing ; hind tibia without distinct bristles.

Wings yellowish hyaline, veins brown. Costa extending to middle, costal

fringe very short, divisions of costa as in Fig. 1.

PHORIDAE. 331

Abdomen stout, tapered to apex, flattened above, the tergites dull on the

black parts, second about as long as the next two combined, sixth hardly as

long as the fourth and fifth combined. Hypopygium quite large, curved

forward against venter, the apical lamellae well developed.

Halteres yellow.

Holotype, Savai: Safune, 12.v.1924 (Bryan).

I have carefully compared this species with the exhaustive description of

dohrm, Dahl, by Schmitz and have decided that

the much smaller anterior bristles on the scutellum,

and the different comparative lengths of the

second and third costal divisions, as well as some T2%?-FIG- 1.—Diplonewra in-

: eae ; i : : stabilis, basal half of costa

minor characters, justify me in considering it of wing showing veins 1 to 3.

distinct.

A female before me is much paler in colour, but this may be owing to its

having been preserved in alcohol. The antennae are smaller, the palpi longer

and rather slender, and the proboscis heavily chitinized, projecting straight in

front, with the apical section about as long as the height of the head. The basal

pair of scutellar bristles is fully half as long as the apical pair. The third section

of the costa is a little longer than in the male, but it is distinctly less than half

as long as the second. In the type of dohrni the third section is slightly over

half as long as the second (5 : 9) according to Schmitz.

Upolu: 6.111.1924, from dead molluscs, Buxton and Hopkins.

‘Megaselia Lioy.

This generic name supplants Aphiochaeta, Brues, which has been in general

use for about twenty years. It is by far the most numerous genus in the family,

though recently an attempt has been made to divide it into subgenera, to which

it is probable that full generic rank will eventually be accorded. There are a

number of quite well differentiated species in the material now before me which

may be distinguished as in the following key.

Key To THE SPECIES.

1. Costa extending to about one-third of the wing length, width of

cell between the first two thin veins of the field measured along

the third vein not over half as great as width of the same cell,

below apex of the fourth vein (Fig. 2); scutellum with four

bristles, the basal pair not very much shorter than the apical

332 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

pair; mesopleura without setulae on upper posterior angle ;

upper pair of proclinate supra-antennal bristles hardly more

widely separated than the lower pair

— Costa longer, rarely falling short of middle of wine, the wideh of the

cell between the first two thin veins of the field measured along

the third vein much more than half as great as width of same el

below apex of fourth vein ; other characters not as above

Mesopleura with some setulae on the upper posterior angle ; costa

falling short of middle of wing, the costal vein thicker than usual,

the divisions as in Fig. 5 ; a small dark brown species, with the

head and dorsum of abdomen black

— Mesopleura entirely bare ; costa not as above :

. Scutellum with four bristles, the basal pair much smaller than the

apical one, especially in the male, in which they are reduced to

short setulae ; no bristle at base of second wing vein on upper

side

— Scutellum with only ro distinet bristle, no setula in front of

either i

4. Frons in female clear orange- yellow, in male usually slightly dare

ened above, the upper pair of postantennal bristles separated

by more than twice as great a distance as either is from the

inner bristle of the anterior reclinate series; fourth vein of

the wing leaving third at base of the fork

— Frons in both sexes black or fuscous, usually yellowish on anterior

margin, the upper pair of postantennal bristles separated by

less than twice the distance of either from the inner bristle of

the anterior reclinate series; fourth wing vein leaving third

beyond the base of the fork. ;

. Fringe of the costa not longer than the diameter of the costal veln,

subcostal vein exceptionally distinct, complete, connecting

with first (Fig. 3); hind tibia with the posterodorsal series of

setulae reduced to very fine and closely placed hairs, the apical

fourth or less of the posterior surface with the microscopic

hairs arranged in laminate manner (Fig. 4) ; yellow species, with

the frons and dorsum of abdomen largely or entirely black ;

second wing vein with no setula at base above; halteres

yellow

— Fringe of the ae distinetly fencer than ae diameter of the

costal vein; subcostal vein fant or lacking ; hind tibia with

the posterodorsal series of setulae well developed, the setulae

black and well separated (Fig. 7) :

6. A distinct setula or short bristle at base of pecond Fane vein on

upper side ; all of thorax and abdomen black ; longest costal

setulae of fringe as long as the branch of second vein (Fig. 6)

— No setula at base of second vein above ; thorax and abdomen not

entirely black

7. Abdomen brownish black, the pecond and oth tergites fulvous

yellow :

— Abdomen with the dorsum entirely dull ptownish black

insulana, Brues.

pacifica, n. sp.

scalaris Loew.

safunede, n. sp.

perturbans, 0. sp.

basiseta, n. sp.

sautert, Brues.

atridorsala, Nn. sp.

PHORIDAE. 333

2. Megaselia insulana Brues.

A small species with much the same appearance and characters as divergens,

Malloch, a North American species, but paler in colour, and with four well-

developed scutellar bristles, a character that distinguishes it from the European

pygmaea, Zetterstedt, recorded from Formosa by Brues.

I have figured the costal characters as a guide to the recognition of the

species, no other from Samoa being at all similar in this respect (Fig. 2).

The frons is black, slightly shining, with the usual bristles ; the upper pair

of postantennals is separated by about the distance of either from the inner

bristle of the anterior reclinate series and a little

wider than the lower pair, which latter are almost EE Lge \

as strong as the upper. The hind tibia has the Ce une

posterodorsal series of bristles distinct but not iy

complete, fading out before attaining the apex. feed a ee

? insulana, costa of wing.

The halteres are dull yellow.

Upolu: Apia, 4.iv.1924, reared from larvae in fungi, Buxton and

Hopkins.

There are many species of this genus that feed in fungi, especially Agaricus

and closely related genera, a few being injurious in mushroom beds. In

Scotland I have taken large numbers of specimens in the autumn on the under-

sides of these fungi, especially in woodlands amongst sparse growths of large

trees.

A number of specimens in alcohol from Apia are slightly larger and paler

than the series reared from fungi, but this is no doubt due to the preservative.

This second series was reared from the gill chambers of a land crab (number

681 B, Buxton and Hopkins *).

* Gill chambers of live land crabs (Cardiosoma carnifex Herbst. det. Calman) frequently

contain larvae of a Dipteron. Most crabs contain a few, an occasional crab as many as 50. We

tried repeatedly and unsuccessfully to breed the fly. The larvae suggest an insect nearly as

large as Musca: they are unlike those figured by Keilin, and regarded by him as probably

Ephydrid (Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 9, vol. 8, p. 601, Dec. 1921). It seems probable that the

Megaselia and the Puliciphora (p. 339) laid eggs in the material while it was being dissected, and

I do not think that they occur in the gills of live crabs.—P. A. Buxton.

334 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

3. Megaselia scalaris (Loew).

1856. Phora scalaris, Loew, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 100.

1907. Phora xanthina, Speiser, Berl. Ent. Zeitschr., 52, 148.

1911. Aphiochaeta circumsetosa, de Meijere, Tijd. v. Ent., 54, 348.

1912. Aphiochaeta ferruginea, Brunetti, Rec. Ind. Mus., 7, 83-86.

1915. Aphiochaeta repicta, Schmitz, Jaarb. Natuurh. Genoot. Limburg, 1914, 108.

I am giving the full synonymy of this species as known to me, all of which

has already been published by Schmitz, except to link up the oldest name by

Loew. I arrived at this synonymy several years ago while at the University

of Illinois when specimens were brought to me that had been reared from

milk, and it appeared possible that they might be occasionally responsible for

myiasis in man. In going over the recorded habits of the species I found that

it had been so recorded by Brunetti from India. Many of the specimens that

I had previously examined had been reared from molluscs found in the West

Indies, large numbers having been found in the United States National Museum

collections. The fact that the species has the habit of feeding in sea-shells in

the tropical part of North America probably explains why it is so widely dis-

tributed, occurring as it does in the New World, India, Africa, and very probably

in many of the Pacific Islands in addition to Samoa. It occurs in the United

States as far north as Washington.

As amongst the papers recorded above there are many very good descrip-

tions of the species it appears unnecessary to go into details here.

Upolu: Apia, a series bred with Scholastes from green coconuts which had

been opened for drinking, and then become rotten, Buxton and Hopkins.

4. Megaselia safuneae, n. sp.

Rather closely related to scalaris, but with the frons darker and with a

slight but constant difference in the arrangement of the anterior bristling, and

the wing venation differing somewhat.

Length, 1-5-2 mm.

Head black, anterior margin of the frons yellowish, antennae brown, palpi

testaceous yellow. Upper pair of postantennal bristles closer than in scalaris,

the lower pair not as widely separated as the upper and well below them.

Surface hairs numerous and rather distinct. In other respects similar to

scalaris, but there are fewer setulae in front of eye below level of antennae

(4 or 5).

PHORIDAE. 335

Thorax as in scalaris, fulvous yellow, with black hairs and bristles ; scutel-

lum with four bristles in female, the basal pair shorter than the apical, and with

only two well-developed bristles in the male, the basal pair either represented

by a minute hair or lacking.

Legs yellow, apices of the hind femora usually slightly darkened. Hind

tibia with the posterodorsal setulae distinct.

Wings hyaline. Costa to a little beyond middle of wing, first section fully

as long as next two combined, third not half as long as second ;_ hairs of fringe

at least as long as free part of second vein.

Abdomen fulvous yellow, dark brown above.

Halteres brownish yellow.

Holotype 9, allotype, and one female and one male paratype, Savaii:

Safune, 22.v.1924 (Bryan).

5. Megaselia perturbans, n. sp.

General colour similar to the preceding species, differing essentially in

the characters of the wing and hind tibiae.

Length, 1°5 mm.

Female.—Head black, antennae brown, palpi fulvous yellow. Frons

almost as in safuneae.

Thorax brownish yellow, pleurae paler. Scutellum with only two bristles.

Trext-Fic. 4. — Megaselia

Text-FIG. 3.—Megaselia per- perturbans, hind | tibia

turbans, costa of wing. from behind.

Legs yellow, the hind tibiae with the posterodorsal setulae undeveloped

(Fig. 4), and the hairs on posterior surface lamellate in part.

Wings hyaline, veins brownish yellow. Costa to slightly beyond middle,

the fringe very short, divisions as Fig. 3.

Halteres yellow.

Holotype, Tutuila: Leone Road, 19.11.1924 (Bryan).

A second female specimen is damaged but apparently belongs here.

Savai : Safune, 22.v.1924 (Bryan).

336 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

6. Megaselia pacifica, n. sp.

A small dark brown species, with blackish brown abdomen, yellowish

pleura, legs, and palpi. Differing noticeably

from all the species from Samoa in the venation

of the costal region (Fig. 5).

Text-Ficg. 5.—Megaselia pacifica, Lenoth. 1:25 mm.

costa of wing. ae fy

Holotype 9, Savai: Safune, 13.v.1924

(Bryan).

7. Megaselia basiseta, n. sp.

The only species in the collection in which the head, thorax, and abdomen

are black and the mesopleura bare. Further distinguished by the presence of a

setulose hair at the base of the second wing vein on its upper surface.

Length, 1-1-5 mm.

Male.—Head black, antennae fuscous, palpi testaceous yellow. Frons

subquadrate, with the usual bristles, four postantennals present; the single

specimen is so much covered with the mounting medium that it is impossible to

accurately determine the exact arrangement of the bristles.

Thorax black, shining, the pleura becoming brownish below. Mesopleura

bare ; scutellum with two bristles.

Legs brownish yellow, the fore pair, and especially the coxae palest. Fore

Text-FIiG. 6.—Megaselia basiseta, Text-ric. 7.—Megaselia

costa of wing. basiseta, hind tibia.

tarsi slender ; hind tibia with about ten short but distinct posterodorsal setulae

Fig. 7).

Wings greyish hyaline, veins fuscous. Costa to middle of wing, the fringe

long, divisions as in Fig. 6; the setula at base of second vein rather short.

Abdomen black. Second tergite not noticeably elongated and without

lateral bristles ; apical lamella yellow, short, and without outstanding bristles.

Halteres brown.

Female.—Similar to the male in general characters, but larger and stouter,

with the legs darker and the halteres paler.

PHORIDAE. 337

Holotype 9, and allotype, Savaii: Safune, 23.v.1924 (Bryan).

I have selected the female as the holotype because it is in better condition

than the male.

8. Megaselia sauteri Brues.

This species is readily distinguished from the others in the collection by the

characters listed in the foregoing key. The strikingly bicoloured abdomen is

the outstanding feature.

Tau, Manua, 20.11.1926 (Judd).

I have seen specimens from Japan and Formosa, the latter being the type

locality.

9. Megaselia atridorsata, n. sp.

Very similar to the preceding species, but with the abdomen entirely dull

brownish black.

Length, 1-75 mm.

Female.—F ons black, slightly shining, a little wider than long, with the usual

bristles, the upper postantennals about three times as long as the lower, and more

widely separated, the distance between them almost twice as great as that of

either from the inner bristle of the anterior reclinate series, the latter well below

the outer one, which is close against the eye margin. Antennae brown, paler

at bases, the third segment almost globular. Face, palpi, and proboscis fulvous

yellow. Palpi not larger than normal. Three short fine hairs on each side of

face.

Thorax brownish yellow, upper part of pleura and disc of mesonotum much

darker, brown to fuscous. Propleura with two short setulae on lower margin ;

scutellum with two strong bristles ; mesopleura bare.

Legs honey-yellow, apices of hind femora hardly darker. Fore tarsi slender,

hind femur with a fringe of short hairs on basal half of ventral surface ; hind

tibia with about a dozen setulae on the posterodorsal surface.

Wings hyaline, veins brown, the costal region as in perturbans.

Abdomen entirely brownish black, the dorsum very slightly shiny.

Knobs of halteres fuscous.

Holotype, Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet, 26.xi.1924, Buxton and Hopkins.

338 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

10. Megaselia aneura, n. sp.

I am describing briefly a remarkable specimen which may be merely

aberrant in its most striking character, the lack of the free part of the second

wing vein. ‘This feature is usually of generic significance, but the other characters

of the species are so clearly those of Megaselia that I am placing it here.

Length, 1-5 mm.

Male.—Head black, antennae fuscous, paler at bases, palpi whitish yellow,

proboscis yellow. Arrangement of bristles on the frons almost as in atridorsata.

Palpi slightly dilated, each with about six black bristles along lower margin.

Thorax black, becoming brownish yellow below. Scutellum with two

bristles ; mesopleura with some short stiff hairs on upper posterior angle.

Legs dull yellow, apices of hind femora slightly darkened. Fore tarsi

shghtly thickened and hardly longer than fore tibia ; hind femur with several

rather long hairs on basal half of ventral surface ; hind tibia with about ten

short fine setulae on the posterodorsal surface.

Wings hyaline, veins fuscous. Costa to middle of wing, not as thick as

second vein, the fringe moderately long, first section about one-fifth longer than

the second, the free part of second vein lacking.

Abdomen black, apical lamella yellowish. Second tergite but slightly

longer than third, not exceptionally bristled on sides ; two short apical setulae

on the lamella.

Halteres dull yellow.

Holotype, Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet, 25.xi.1924, Buxton and Hopkins.

The setulose upper posterior angle of the mesopleura distinguishes this

species from any but pacifica in the present collection, and from the latter it is

very readily distinguished by the much thinner costal vein.

Puliciphora Dahl.

This genus, as far as known, has the females without wings or halteres,

and the males fully winged and with halteres. The wing of the male lacks the

separate apical section of the second vein, 7.e. the third vein is accepted as

unforked. As far as I know the species are not specialized in their larval food

habits, all known to me having been found associated with decaying animal or

vegetable matter. The present collection contains specimens reared from a

PHORIDAE. 339

variety of pabula, particularly from dead organisms of several types. Other

genera, except Chonocephalus, in which the wings are either lacking or much

reduced are more generally found in the nests of ants or termites. One North

American species I described in 1913 was found active on ice in January 1874,

but most records of their occurrence are in summer.

11. Puliciphora lucifera Dahl.

This species will no doubt be found of general occurrence in the Pacific

Islands. It was described from the Bismark Archipelago, and has been recorded

by Brues from Fiji. Possibly the small size of the insect, under 1 mm. in length,

prevents its being found in collections from other

portions of this region. There is a very full descrip-

tion of the type material published by Schmitz in

1929,* so that it is not necessary to deal fully with

the species herein. I have, however, figured the

wing of the male to show the distinctions between

this genus and Chonocephalus. The presence of the

humeral cross vein and the subcostal vein as well as the complete first vein

readily distinguish the genus (Fig. 8).

Upolu: Apia, 1 g in very fine condition, February 1925, fowl dung, a

series from gill chambers of a land crab,} July 1924, another from a dead longi-

corn beetle, 1.111.1924, and one from dead molluscs, Buxton and Hopkins.

Text-Fie. 8.—Puliciphora

lucifera, wing.

Chonocephalus Wandolleck.

This genus is very similar to the preceding one, but there are no proclinate

anterior frontal bristles present, and the humeral cross vein and subcostal vein

are undeveloped, while the first vein is evanescent apically.

12. Chonocephalus dorsalis Wandolleck.

This is the genotype. Only three males are in the collection, and they

were reared from fowl dung along with the first listed male of the preceding

* « Konowia,” 8 (2), 114. t See footnote, p. 333.

340 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

species. J present a figure of the wing to show the outstanding venational

features (Fig. 9).

Upolu: Apia, February 1925, from fowl

dung, Buxton and Hopkins.

Redorded by Brues from Fiji, and probably

occurring along with P. lucifera over the Pacific

Trst-F1e. 9.—Chonocephalus Island region.

dorsalis, wing.

AGROMYZIDAE.

This family is very widely distributed, occurring in all faunal regions, but

there are comparatively few species recorded from the Pacific Islands, and only

three are contained in the collection now before me. Of these, two belong to

the subgenus Melanagromyza, Hendel, of Agromyza, and the other is a rather

aberrant species of the genus Phytomyza.

Bezzi has recorded eight species from Fiji.

All the species in this collection belong to groups that have phytophagous

larvae that feed, as far as known, in the stems or leaves of plants.

Agromyza Fallén.

There are but two species of this genus in the collection, both of them

belonging to the group with black knobs to the halteres and the vibrissal angle

not produced, which group has been given the name Melanagromyza by Hendel.

I believe it is improper to give the group full generic rank, and accept it as a

subgenus.

13. Agromyza (Melanagromyza) phaseoli Coquillett.

A small black species with slight metallic blue tinge on the abdomen, the

syuamae white, with yellowish frmge, and but two pairs of postsutural dorso-

centrals. The frontal triangle is shining and extends well beyond the middle

of the frons.

The larvae feed in mines in the leaves of beans.

Upolu: Apia.

Recorded by Bezzi from Fiji. Originally described from Australia, and

probably widely distributed in this region.

AGROMYZIDAE. 341

Agromyza (Melanagromyza), sp.

Three specimens of a species that runs down to prolifica, Malloch, in my

paper on the Formosan species of this genus,* but does not agree in all respects

with the description ; the species may be undescribed, but I do not care to

describe it on the basis of the present material.

Tutuila and Savau.

Phytomyza Fallén.

This genus is distinguished from Agromyza, by the lack of the outer cross

vein of the wing and the reduction of the fourth and fifth veins to mere traces

(Fig. 10, a).

Some of the species are very widely distributed, but their similarity in

characters may to some extent be responsible for faulty records of occurrence.

14. Phytomyza spicata Malloch.

I refer to this Formosan species a single male specimen that agrees well

with the description, the entire insect being black, slightly shining, the abdomen

most distinctly so, and the squamae and halteres yellow. The insect very

closely resembles the European atra, Meigen, but the anterior pair of postsutural

dorsocentral bristles is very much smaller than

the second pair and much closer to these than in /

any European examples before us. I stated in |

my original description that the intradorso- e

central hairs were in about eight series, but in eet ae

the specimen before me from Samoa the hairs are e :

in four quite regular series. ;

Bezzi recorded atra from Fiji, but I believe he | Text-r1e. 10.—Phytomyza spicata,

had the present form before him. He placed it in eee mane (a); cand) aa,

Pseudonapomyza, Hendel, following the author of

that genus, but the only character that appears to justify the removal of the species

from Phytomyza is the acutely pointed upper apical angle of the third antennal

segment (Fig. 10, 6), the venation of the wings being similar in the two concepts

despite Hendel’s statement to the contrary. I described two species of the group

from North America in 1913, and Frost has placed them as synonyms of acuti-

corns, Loew. I have again examined my type specimens and maintain that

* Ann. Mus. Nat. Hungar., 12, 326 (1914).

342 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

they are distinct. Frost has described the species in which the aristae are

yellow-white near their bases, and the tarsi are brownish yellow, in his paper

in 1923,* but this characterization refers to lacteopennis, Malloch, and not to

nitidula, Malloch. In addition to these two characters lactevpennis has the

thorax with distinct pale grey dusting which 1s lacking in the other species, and

the yellowish white bases to the wing veins are very strikingly different from the

fuscous bases to the veins in nitidula. Hendel has definitely synonymized

acuticornis with atra, but questions the association of specata with that species.+

The two North American species are quite distinct, and though the one with

entirely black legs and aristae is in every respect similar to aéra a careful examina-

tion of the hypopygial and larval characters ought to be made before they are

accepted as identical. In any event, all three have the three pairs of postsutural

dorsocentral bristles well developed, and the anterior pair is well in front of

the second pair, so that the one from Samoa is readily distinguishable from

them.

Bezzi records his specimen listed as atva as having been reared from larvae

mining at tip of young sugar-cane, and mining in leaves of corn (maize), while

he states that larvae of atra are known as mining chiefly in Graminaceae. I do

not know where his information was derived from, as Frost records the species

as feeding in Labiatae, Leguminosae, and Umbelliferae.

Upolu: Apia, 12.ix.1923, Swezey and Wilder.

MICROPEZIDAE.

This family contains species of slender to very slender form, with long and

usually slender legs, the wings with the first posterior cell narrowed at apex,

and the vibrissae lacking. Despite the elongate mid and hind legs the tarsi on

these are rarely over one-third as long as their tibiae. The only group that may

be confused with this one is Neriidae, which has usually been accepted as merely

a subfamily. In it the arista is apical instead of dorsal, and the fore coxae are

longer, inserted nearer to the mid pair so that when pressed backward they almost

or quite touch these; in the Micropezidae the fore coxae are shorter, more

distantly situated from the mid pair, which they fall short of attaining when

pressed backward.

* Corn. Univ. Agr. Exper. Sta. Mem. 78, 62.

+ Arch. fiir Naturges., 84, A, 7, 1918 (1920), 115.

MICROPEZIDAE. 343

Little is known of the early stages of the family, though I have seen speci-

mens that were reared from lily bulbs, and they are very probably feeders on

roots or rotting vegetation.

The species are found throughout the warmer parts of both hemispheres,

but are absent from Patagonia and New Zealand. Some species occur as far

north as Alaska and the Canadian Northwest. Bezzi has recorded no Micrope-

zidae and one species of Neriidae, Telostylinus lineolatus, Wiedemann, from the

Fiji Islands. In the Samoan material there are two species of Micropezidae

which belong to different genera.

Grammicomyia Bigot.

This genus, as restricted by Enderlein in 1922,* would hardly receive the

species now before us, but on the basis of the characters of the only species

available to me that has already been described, Calobata territa, Osten Sacken,

I consider it wise to place it herein rather than to erect another genus for its

reception. Hnderlein had not seen territa when he wrote his paper, and only

provisionally referred it to Gramnucomyia. I make a comparison of it with

the new species below.

Czerny in 1932 f proposed the new genus Sphaericocephala for the reception

of the species Enderlein placed in this genus, leaving only ¢estacea, Bigot, and

vittupennis, de Meijere, in Grammicomyia. If he is correct then the new species

described below will fall in that genus as restricted by him, and ¢errita would

probably fall in his new genus.

15. Grammicomyia inermipes, n. sp.

A brownish yellow species, very similar in general colour to ¢errita, with

the apices of all femora rather narrowly black or dark brown, and the wings

without dark markings. The bases of the hind tibiae are not conspicuously

blackened, and the mesonotum has traces of three dark vittae in most speci-

mens, while the dorsum of the abdomen is dark brown, with the apices of the

tergites usually showing yellowish.

The species departs notably from Enderlein’s diagnosis given in his generic

key in that the second wing vein ends in the costa at about as far from the apex

* Arch. fiir. Naturges., 88, A, 173. + Stett. Ent. Zert., 93.

344 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

of the wing as the length of the ultimate section of the fourth vein. Despite

this I consider the other characters are of more importance as generic criteria,

and use them to place the species in this genus. The head is not longer than

high, with the interfrontalia depressed and dull, the frontal orbits dull and linear

in front, becoming gradually wider to vertex and glossy on posterior two-thirds ;

ocelli situated slightly in front of vertex, the latter not depressed in centre, the

bristles six in number, the outer one placed rather low, the postverticals slightly

incurved ; each orbit with two short bristles on anterior half instead of three as

in territa, where the upper one is much stronger than the two in front and the

latter are much closer placed. Antennae short, second segment with a moder-

ately long fine hair below at apex that is much shorter than the one in ¢errita ;

arista plumose, the hairs about as long as width of third antennal segment and

much longer than in territa. Face with a sharp central carina that is not sulcate

as in territa, the prelabrum much protruded, in most cases almost conically so,

and not a mere linear strip as in the other species ; palpi narrow, of moderate

length.

Thorax not as much narrowed in front as in ¢errita, with the same bristling

except that there are but two posterior bristles on the sternopleura instead of

three or four. The small convexity below the scutellum is the same as in that

species.

Legs slender, the fore femur in neither sex with short closely placed triserial

bristles such as are present in the male of territa.

Wings brownish hyaline, subcosta lying close to first vein, the latter ending

a little over midway from base of wing to level of inner cross vein.

Abdomen about as long as head and thorax combined, the fifth sternite of

the male not bifid and prominently exposed as it is in territa.

Length, 7-5-9 mm.

Holotype g and 1 g and 1 @ paratype, Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet,

xii.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins). Allotype and two paratypes, Savaii: Salailua,

and Safune, 1 paratype 9, Tutuila.

Calobata Meigen.

.-~- This heterogenous concept contains a large number of very dissimilar

species in the two Hemispheres, and it appears to me highly improbable that all

of them can be considered congeneric in view of the rather trivial characters

MICROPEZIDAE. 345

that are utilized for generic segregations in the family. I believe that the North

American species are more closely related to the genotype cothurnata, Panzer,

than either is to the species now before me from Samoa. In fact, there is much

more resemblance between some of the species placed in the genus Rainieria,

Rondani (=Zanypoda, Rondani), and this species than with the more typical

forms of Calobata. In Enderlein’s generic key in the paper above mentioned

the two genera separate at the couplet in which the bare or pubescent nature of

the aristae is utilized as the distinguishing character ; in Rainieria there being

no pubescence while in Calobata there is pubescence. This is not a very satis-

factory character, for in the Samoan species the pubescence is seen only under a

high-power lens (ca. x 34), though in the more typical forms of Calobata it is

much more readily seen. An important distinction between the typical forms

of the last-named genus and those of Rainieria consists of the presence of a

Va Ge

Ti<@ RS P)

SS af

(('

TExt-Fic. 11.—Calobata pal- Text-Fia. 12.—Neocalobata

lipes, Loew, anterior deferens, anterior ex-

extremity of thorax in tremity of thorax in pro-

profile, left side. file, left side.

narrow but quite evident convexity across the upper edge of the postnotum

immediately below the scutellum ; this is entirely lacking in the Samoan species

under discussion. Also the anterior outline of the thorax in profile is different

(Figs. 11 and 12), that of the typical forms being slightly overhanging, and the

humeral angles distinct, while in the other the anterior edge of the pronotum

is vertical and the humeral angles are not evident. In Raiweria the pronotum

in the only species before me is less elevated in front, but is more like the Samoan

than the other species.

It appears pertinent to note here that in Curran’s “ North American

Diptera ” which appeared a few months ago, the Micropezidae are separated from

the Calobatidae in the generic key by the character of the haired propleura in

the former, the other group being listed as having the propleura bare. Un-

fortunately many genera of the Calobatidae have minute hairs on the propleura,

including one North American species of widespread distribution. The lack of

Wile 2

346 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

the cross vein separating the posterior basal and discal cells of the wing appears

to me to be the only character of value for the separation, but I deem it in-

sufficient basis for family distinction and agree with Enderlein in his assignment

of subfamily rank to the group. It may also be noted in this connection that

Curran figures the wing of Metopobrachia, Knderlein, with this cross vein present

which in my opinion, if correct, would bar it from Micropezinae.

I propose to recognize the Samoan species as belonging to a subgenus of

Calobata, though it is highly probable that further work may establish it as a

valid genus. The characters are those cited above, and in addition: the more

oblique vein closing the anal vein, with its continuation to the wing margin,

the much shorter tarsi, and the much less complicated processes of the fifth

abdominal sternite of the male, these being of the same type as in Rainieria,

consisting of two slender processes. The tibiae in typical Calobata are cylindrical,

while in the Samoan species they have two linear grooves or channels, one on

the anterior and the other on the posterior surface near the dorsal edge on almost

their entire extent.

Subgenus Neocalobata, novum.

Subgenotype, the following new species.

16. Calobata (Neocalobata) deferens, n. sp.

3, 9.—Similar in most respects to Calobata confinis, Walker, and related

forms in which the general colour is bluish black, with the legs black, the mid

and hind femora at extreme bases, and sometimes the fore pair also, yellow,

the mid and hind femora usually brownish near apices, and the fore tarsi black

on the basal half of the metatarsus and pure white beyond that.

Head black, with a blue tinge, the frons glossy except on a large central

elongate velvety black spot that extends from anterior ocellus to near anterior

margin and occupies more than half the frontal width, the anterior margin

sometimes reddish, the area round the ocelli brownish to greyish dusted, the

vertex behind the ocelli velvety black ; face shiny black except narrowly along

each side and in the lower half of each antennal fovea, where it is silvery white

dusted ; antennae orange-yellow to brownish yellow, the aristae pale at bases,

darkened apically ; prelabrum shining black ; palpi fuscous, sometimes yellowish

basally. Frons longer than wide, the black spot slightly raised, the ocelli near

MICROPEZIDAE. 347

vertex and very close together, the vertex depressed in centre behind the ocelli,

the verticals well developed, the outer one much below level of the inner, post-

verticals undeveloped, each orbit with two fine bristles, the upper one slightly

above middle, the under one below middle. Face with a rather broad central

elevation that is flattened or slightly sulcate in centre; prelabrum large and

broad, distinctly protruded ; antennae moderate in size, third segment not

twice as long as wide, rounded at apex ; arista with short hairs on basal hali

that are hardly longer than the basal diameter ; palpi strap-like and of moderate

length.

Thorax distinctly blue tinged, the mesonotum appearing dull black on each

side at suture in certain lights, and greenish on each side behind the suture,

the paler parts with very faint whitish dust, the sternopleura more distinctly

white dusted. Mesonotum attenuated anteriorly, the humeral callosities un-

developed, the centre in front of suture slightly raised, the suture quite distinct

and practically complete, the length in front of it a little greater than that

behind it ; scutellum short and rounded in outline. Notopleurals 2, supra-alar

1, postalars 2, scutellars 2, sternopleura with a fan-like arrangement of bristles

and hairs on its posterior margin.

Legs brownish black, the fore femora usually black, but in some specimens

yellowish at bases, the mid and hind pairs usually narrowly yellow at bases,

and brownish on apical third or less, the tibiae varying from brown to black,

the fore pair always darkest, the fore tarsi except the basal half of the basal

segment pure white, the mid and hind pairs brownish yellow. Fore tarsi over

half as long as fore tibiae, mid and hind pairs not over one-third as long as their

tarsi; no bristles on the femora, the fore tibiae slightly thicker than the other

pairs and without setulae, the mid pair with a series of very short setulae on

the posterodorsal surface that become closer apically, the hind tibiae with a

similar series of setulae on the posterodorsal and a more widely spaced series

on the anterodorsal surface.

Wings greyish hyaline, with a dark cloud of variable intensity just in front

of the outer cross vein and another similar cloud from just beyond it to apex,

both extending entirely across the wing, and generally more or less fused behind.

Inner cross vein at middle of discal cell, the last three sections of fourth vein

almost equal in length; first posterior cell narrowly open, ending in almost

the exact wing tip ; basal half of the venation as in Fig. 13.

Abdomen blue black, shining, with blackish and bluish reflections according

348 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

to the angle from which it is viewed, the membrane dark brown, with a small

pale spot on each side near base and a large one on each side apically in the

male. Fifth sternite of male with a pair of long slightly curved slender processes

which are about as long as the thick basal section of the

sternite, the inner margins of each studded with micro-

scopic spinules or warts, and the remainder with fine short

hairs; penis of the male consisting of a long hair-like

process that is about as long as the abdomen.

ee ee Squamae dark brown, knobs of halteres fuscous.

bata deferens, basal

half of wing. Length, 10-13 mm.

Holotype 3, and allotype, Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000

feet, x11.1925, and xi.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Paratypes, Upolu: Vailima, Apia ;

Tutuila: Amauli: Pago Pago ;

Savaii: Salailua.

A very large series of this species indicates that it must be very common

and widely distributed. It has in all probability been already described, but

it is impossible for me definitely to identify it from existing descriptions so I

describe it as new.

TACHINIDAE.

TRIBE RUTILIINI.

Only the genus Rutilia is represented in the collection. The tribe is almost

exclusively Australasian, one or two species extending into the Malayan region

and one being found in China, but the great bulk of the species is found in

Australia. No species are known from New Zealand, and there are no near

relatives found in Africa or the New World. Bezzi has described one species

from Fiji, but as a rule the representatives in the Pacific Islands outside of New

Guinea are very few.

I have carefully compared the Samoan species with those available to me

from other localities and with descriptions of already described species and

believe they are new to science.

These species will very probably be found to parasitize the larvae of large

beetles.

TACHINIDAE. 349

SpecrIFIC SYNOPSES.

A. Dark metallic blue-green species, abdomen and thorax concolorous,

the former nowhere semipellucid ; wings slightly smoky, with

the veins all rather conspicuously margined with fuscous ;

squamae brown, fuscous on margins; thoracic and abdominal

hairs all black . : 3 : A ; : : . ngrthirta, n. sp.

AA. Much paler species, the mesonotum more or less definitely metallic

green with pale dusting, and the greater portion of the abdomen

semipellucid testaceous to tawny yellow; wings hyaline, with

the usual blackish spot near base, the veins brown and at most

yellowish margined; squamae yellowish white with darker

margins ; at least the pleural and some of the abdominal hairs

yellow ; : : ; : : : : : . Ssavaiiensis, N. sp.

17. Rutilia (Rutilia) nigrihirta, n. sp.

Male.—Head black, the face more brownish, the epistome distinctly so, the

interfrontalia brownish black, other parts with pale grey dusting; antennae

fuscous, base of third segment brownish yellow ; palpi brownish yellow. Beard

whitish yellow, all the other hairs fuscous. Frons at vertex slightly wider than

third antennal segment, gradually widened to antennae, the orbits with rather

dense fine hairs which are continued downward on the parafacials to or beyond

apex of second antennal segment, the inner margin of each orbit with some

fine bristles anteriorly ; ocellars undeveloped ; one pair of rather short ver-

ticals ; face normal, the carina about as wide as parafacial, with a slight central

raised line ; antennae normal, the third segment not as long as distance from its

apex to the epistome ; arista subnude ; palpi normal in length.

Thorax dark metallic blue-green, the pleura almost black, the mesonotum

with slight grey dusting and faint traces of four dark vittae anteriorly ; all the

hairs black. Mesonotal hairs short and rather dense; presutural area with

one pair of very fine acrostichals and about four pairs of similar dorsocentrals,

the postsutural dorsocentrals, except the strong pair on hind margin, obsolete,

four strong bristles in a transverse series on hind margin between the pair of

dorsocentrals ; postalars three ; one sternopleural ; prosternum bare ; scutellum

subtriangular and flattened above, with fourteen marginal bristles, the apical

pair lower and shorter than the next adjacent pair.

Legs black, the fore and mid pairs appearing more brownish. Mid and

hind coxae with several strong, straight backwardly directed bristles below ;

350 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

hind femur with a few short bristles on basal half or less of the anteroventral

surface and no well-developed bristles beyond them, and two or three strong

bristles near base on the posteroventral surface ; mid tibia with a short ventral

submedian bristle ; hind tibia with the usual closely set fringe of setulae on

the entire extent of the anterodorsal surface in which there is no outstanding

single bristle, and a very fine short posterodorsal bristle beyond middle.

Wings as described in the synopsis, the black spot near base very conspicu-

ous. Second costal section about half as long as third.

Abdomen blue-green, metallic, first visible tergite, apices of the others,

and a dorsocentral vitta dark blue. All abdominal hairs black. Second visible

tergite without apical central bristles, third with a complete apical series, fourth

with the usual discal series and numerous bristly hairs at apex, the tergites all

with well-developed bristles below, those nearest to lateral extremities the

strongest. Fourth tergite with a deep central depression on its entire exposure.

Length, 15 mm.

Holotype, Upolu, Malololelei, 2,000 feet, 2.vii.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins).

18. Rutilia (Rutilia) savaiiensis, n. sp.

This is a much paler coloured species than the one described above, having

in addition to the paler head, thorax, and abdomen, the legs brownish yellow

to orange-yellow with the exception of the fuscous tarsi.

Male.—Head brown, the genae, face, and parafacials paler, with grey dust,

the interfrontalia dark brown and undusted ; antennae orange-yellow ; aristae

fuscous ; hairs on frons fuscous, those on genae whitish yellow ; palpi orange-

yellow. Frons at vertex a little wider than third antennal segment, widened

to anterior margin, with the same general form and armature as in mgrihiria,

but the hairs cease at or slightly above level of second antennal segment. Para-

facial wider than facial carina.

Thorax brownish yellow, mesonotum except the margins metallic green,

with whitish grey dust and with four or six dark vittae anteriorly ; the centre

of mesopleura and lower part of the sternopleura infuscated ; hairs on dark

part of mesonotum dark, those on margins and the pleural hairs mainly brownish

yellow. Armature much as in nigrihirta, but there are eight bristles in the trans-

verse series near hind margin of the mesonotum, and there are four postalar

TACHINIDAH. 351

bristles. Scutellum with a coppery tinge and twelve marginal bristles. In other

respects similar to nigrihirta.

Legs brownish yellow to orange-yellow, the tarsi fuscous. bristling, etc.,

as in ngrihirta.

Wings as in synopsis, the basal dark mark brown and less conspicuous

than in the above species, and the second costal section about one-third as long

as third.

Abdomen semipellucid tawny yellow, with a dark central vitta on dorsum

and the apices of the tergites more or less darkened, all tergites with rather

distinct white dusting on bases. All hairs except those on fourth tergite black,

this tergite with a well-developed central apical depression. The bristling as

described for migrihirta.

Female.

Similar to the male in general coloration, but the third antennal segment

is browned apically, and the dark markings on the abdomen are more extensive.

The frons at vertex is about one-fifth of the head width, and in addition to

the fine hairs seen in the male the frontal orbits have each a fine, short proclinate

bristle above the middle.

The scutellum may have as many as sixteen marginal bristles. I find on

each side of the prosternum, but not on the sclerotized plate, a number of fine

yellow hairs.

Holotype 3, Savaii, Fagamalo, xi.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Allotype, and one male and one female paratype, Savaii, v.1924 (Bryan).

TRIBE STURMIINI.

Sturmia Robineau-Desvoidy.

There are apparently four species of this genus before me. Bezzi recorded

two from Fiji, giving to them names of previously described species, but I am

rather inclined to question the propriety of this course in a genus so imperfectly

understood as this one, and am especially inclined to doubt the reliability of

identifications of many of the old species. I therefore adopt a conservative

course and prefer to describe doubtful specimens as new, rather than make

errors by extending the recorded range of a species far beyond its true distri-

bution and thus publish erroneous data on geographical occurrences. Bezzi

352 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

has recorded inconspicua, Meigen, from Fiji; he may be right, but the specimens

before me from Samoa that come closest to the description of the Huropean

species do not fit in all respects ; I therefore prefer to consider them as distinct.

It is probable that his other record is correct as an Oriental species might

readily extend its range over a large territory ; but I have some doubt about

the occurrence in isolated island groups, and would prefer to make careful

comparative examinations of such material before committing myself to a

definite opinion. ‘The species now before me are very similar in most respects,

but they present in the male sex certain apparently good distinguishing

characters that I make use of in separating them into four distinct species as

below. One additional species is from Tonga and New Britain, but it is in-

cluded to make the record more complete and to provide the opportunity to give

comparative data.

Kery TO THE SPECIES.

1. Parafrontals without proclinate bristles on upper half; fourth

(third visible) abdominal tergite with a patch of closely placed

bristly hairs on each side below the lateral curve that is uur

not visible in direct dorsal view (males) ; 2

— Parafrontals with two or three strong proclinate bristles on PUpper

half ; fourth abdominal nee without such patches of hairs

on sides . : 6

2. The sexual patch of eral on Mouh bersite mueh redtced! con-

sisting of a few almost erect hairs and setulae near posterior

lateral angle ; parafacials greyish white dusted, the hairs black,

rather strong, and descending below middle; third antennal

segment hardly wider than parafacial, about three times as

long as second and four times as long as its basal width; fore

tibia with a complete series of rather irregular setulae on the

anterodorsal surface, the longest of which are nearly as long as

the tibial diameter (Tonga and New Britain) } . imperfecta, 0. sp.

— The sexual patch much larger and consisting of dense black de-

cumbent setulose hairs; other characters not as above in

combination

3. Width of frons at HS not as Pet as height of pone Ge é. that

part of head below centre of the eye) ; each frontal orbit with

but one reclinate upper bristle; the parafacials brassy or

golden. : ‘ 5

— Width of frons at vertex oreatér than height of gena + each frontal

orbit with two reclinate upper bristles ; the parafacials silvery

white or yellowish grey ‘ ; ; : : . A 4

4. Parafacials silvery white ; squamae white; sternopleurals 24-1. upoluae, n. sp.

— Parafacials yellowish grey ; squamae brownish yellow; sterno-

pleurals 242 . ‘ : . : i : 4 . aequalis, n. sp.

TACHINIDAE. 353

5. Postocular orbits densely yellow dusted on their entire extent ;

sexual patch on fourth abdominal tergite large, covering almost

the entire side, broadly visible from above, and the hairs

covering the glossy posterior margin. . chryseps, 0. sp.

— Postocular orbits silvery white dusted, becoming slightly yellowish

below ; sexual patch on fourth abdominal tergite narrower,

less misible from above and not covering the glossy ie

margin. . zebina, Walker.

6. Each frontal orbit eh Lao upper inner raclniate bstles: ; frons

slightly yellowish dusted in part, the parafacials, genae, and

postocular orbits white dusted; second visible abdominal

tergite with a pair of quite strong bristles in centre of apical

margin ; foretarsusnotatalldilated . : ; 2 . wupoluae, n. sp.

— Each frontal orbit with one upper reclinate bristle ; frontal orbits,

parafacials, genae, and postocular orbits brassy yellow dusted ;

second visible abdominal tergite without a pair of bristles in ie

centre of apical margin ; fore tarsus noticeably dilated apically. yds aver

zebina, Walker.

18a. Sturmia imperfecta, n. sp.

A black, slightly shining, rather densely yellowish grey dusted species, with

the antennae and palpi black, the latter slightly brownish at apices, the entire

dust of the head yellowish grey, the lower postocular orbits very faintly whitish.

Abdomen faintly brownish red on sides, the bases of the tergites with broad

fascia of yellowish grey dust. Wings pale brown from bases to apices of the

basal cells, and slightly along costa to apex of second vein.

Length, 11-5 mm.

Male.—Head black, densely yellowish grey dusted on the frontal orbits, face,

genae and postocular orbits, less densely so on occiput ; interfrontalia velvety

black ; the hairs on occiput and the beard yellowish white, postocular fringe and

other hairs and all the bristles black. Frons at vertex distinctly wider than

greatest height of the gena ; orbits in front of ocelli narrower than interfrontalia,

the latter widened to anterior margin. Postvertical and ocellar bristles short,

but distinct; upper bristles of orbits rubbed off, but the scars show that there

have been two reclinate bristles on each orbit ; inner marginal bristles strong,

and laterad of these a few bristles amongst the fine hairs on anterior half; the

bristles descending to level of apex of second antennal segment, the fine hairs

to below middle of face. Third antennal segment rather narrow, about as wide

as parafacial at centre and three times as long as second segment; aristae

fuscous, tapered from base to near middle, subnude.

Thorax with yellowish grey dust, the mesonotum with four black vittae,

304 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

the usual dark line between the central pair not visible from behind ; scutellum

yellowish at apex and the pale part with yellowish grey dust. The usual

bristles present ; sternopleurals 2+-1.

Legs black. Fore tibia with a complete and rather well-developed series

of setulae on the anterodorsal surface. Mid tibia with a submedian ventral

bristle. Hind femur with several long bristles on basal half of the anteroventral

and posteroventral surfaces, and one or two near apex on the former. Hind

tibia with the usual fringe on anterodorsal surface, amongst which there is one

stronger bristle beyond the middle.

Wings normal, browned, as noted in the diagnosis given above.

Abdomen with the basal fasciae of yellowish grey dust occupying about

one-half of the exposed surface above, the hind margins of fasciae straight.

Second visible tergite with an apical central pair of well-developed bristles.

Sexual patch of hairs on fourth tergite small and inconspicuous, the hairs more

erect and sparser than usual.

Squamae brownish yellow. Halteres dark brown.

Holotype 3, Tonga: Haapai, 13.11.1925 (Hopkins).

Paratype 3, N. Britain: Rabaul (F. H. Taylor).

19. Sturmia upoluae, n. sp.

A smaller and darker species than imperfecta, with the frontal orbits largely

yellowish dusted, the face, genae, and postocular orbits white dusted, the thoracic

dust grey, the wings hyaline, and the squamae white.

Length, 7-7-5 mm.

3. Head black, with the dust on the frontal orbits brownish yellow, that

on the parafacials silvery white, the dust on the remainder of face, the genae,

and lower postocular orbits white, the upper orbits slightly yellowish. Structure

similar to that of imperfecta, but the ocellar bristles are much weaker, the

parafacials are less extensively haired, and the third antennal segment is wider,

and about four times as long as second.

Thorax with the dust pale greyish white on pleura, more yellowish on

mesonotum ; the scutellum damaged in type, but apparently not as pale at

apex as in imperfecta. Sternopleura with 2+1 bristles.

Legs black. Armature as in imperfecta.

Abdomen shining black, with the base of each tergite broadly yellowish

grey dusted, the sides more broadly so. Sexual patch on fourth tergite of

TACHINIDAE. 305

moderate size, round, not visible from above, consisting of densely brownish

black decumbent hairs of considerable length. Second visible tergite with a

pair of apical central bristles.

Squamae white. Halteres brown.

Q. Similar to the male in general features, the frontal orbits with the yellow

dust less extensive, ceasing at some distance from the anterior extremities, the

other parts white dusted. Frons at vertex wider than in the male, about as

long as third antennal segment, each orbit with two inner upper reclinate and

two outer proclinate bristles in addition to the anterior inner marginal bristles.

Fore tarsi not at all widened.

Holotype 3, Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet, vii.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Allotype and 4 paratype 99, Upolu: Apia, ix.1924, Lot 718 (Buxton and

Hopkins).

Paratype 9, Tutuila : Pago Pago, 9.v1.1923 (Bishop Museum).

I have before me a number of specimens from Rabaul, New Britain, that

appear to belong to this species. There is a puparium mounted with one of

these that is very distinct from that of chryseps in the structure of the posterior

spiracles. These are distinctly elevated, with the spiracular slits upon three

well-developed ridges, the two uppermost almost parallel and directed outward

and slightly upward, while the other one lies beneath these and almost at right

angles to them. The “ button” is not raised, but is visible as a small pit

between the inner extremities of the slits. The discs are separated by about

half the diameter of one disc, and there is an irregular raised ridge surrounding

them.

I have examined the puparium of atropivora, R.-D., and find that it

approaches more closely to the above type than to the other, but the slits are

much shorter, more nearly at the edge of the disc, and almost round.

20. Sturmia aequalis, n. sp.

This species has much the same coloration as imperfecta, but the sides of

the abdomen are not as noticeably reddish, the apices of the tergites are more

glossy black, the wings are hardly browned on the costa, and the sexual patch

on the fourth abdominal tergite is in the form of a small round densely haired

patch, the hairs being dark brown, of moderate length, and decumbent.

Length, 10 mm.

356 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Head with the dust yellowish grey to yellow, the postocular orbits slightly

brassy below. Armature as in wpoluae.

Thoracic dusting yellowish grey. Sternopleura with four bristles, the two

upper more widely separated than the two lower, and much stronger. Apex

of the scutellum brownish yellow.

Legs black.

Abdomen with the apical central pair of bristles on second visible tergite

very small, but rather strong. Sexual patch on fourth tergite circular, small,

not occupying over one-fourth of the ventrally exposed surface.

Squamae brownish yellow. Halteres brown.

Samoa.

It may be noted here that in all three of the above species the frontal orbits

each have two upper reclinate bristles, and the second abdominal tergite has a

pair of apical central bristles ; in the next two species dealt with there is but

one upper reclinate bristle on each orbit, and there are no apical central bristles

on the second visible tergite.

21. Sturmia chryseps, n. sp.

This species belongs to the same group as sericariae, Cornalia, or at least

to that group to which the species identified by Bezzi as that belongs. I have

before me a number of species belonging to the group from Malaya and find

that there are apparently several very closely allied, so that I have been com-

pelled to refrain from considering either of the two species from Samoa as identical

with sericariae. Until some authority has carefully examined the type specimens

of the older authors, it would be unwise definitely to identify those belonging to

this particular group.

Length, 12-13 mm.

A black species, with the dusting on the frontal orbits, face, genae, and

postocular orbits, golden-yellow ; antennae and palpi black, the apices of the

latter slightly yellowish. Occipital hairs yellowish white, postocular ciliae and

all other hairs and bristles black. No indication of white dust on lower post-

ocular orbits. Frons at vertex narrower than central height of gena, the latter

about equal to the length of third antennal segment, the latter about three times

as great as that of second segment; parafacials bare or with a few fine hairs

below lower bristles, the latter about opposite level of apex of second antennal

segment ; width of parafacial at centre equal to that of third antennal segment ;

TACHINIDAE. 357

setulae ascending to above vibrissae to-about one-third the height of facial

ridge.

Thorax black, with rather dense whitish grey dust, the mesonotum with

the usual four black vittae; scutellum reddish at apex. Bristling as usual ;

sternopleura with but two bristles in three of the specimens, three in the other,

the anterior lower one close to the upper and much shorter.

Legs normal, black, no stronger bristle amongst the anterodorsal series on

the hind tibia.

Wings rather distinctly infuscated from base to beyond apex of first vein

on costa, most broadly so basally.

Abdomen coloured as thorax, with very slight trace of reddish on sides

basally, the tergites with greyish white basal fasciae, that on the fourth much

narrower at sides. Sexual patch of bristly hairs large, covering most of the

incurved portions and showing above in dorsal view.

Squamae yellowish white. Halteres brown.

The Q has the frons wider, with one upper reclinate and one proclinate

bristle.

Holotype 3, allotype, and two 3 paratypes, Upolu: Aleipata, Lalomanu,

x.1924 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Bred from large Sphingid pupa, found lying on surface of ground.

Mounted with the specimens there are empty puparia. These are brownish

red, 11 mm. in length, 5 mm. in width at the widest point, which is about

one-third from the head, and broadly rounded at both extremities. The surface

is almost smooth, with some fine incised lines at the divisions between the

segments, and some more definite wrinkles at the extremities. The spiracular

discs are glossy black, not raised, the separation at narrowest point being about

half as great as the width of one disc. The form is almost circular, with the

“ button ” almost in the centre, and the surface divided into three subtriangular

sections somewhat like a clover leaf, on the disc of which there are serpentine

shits as in Musca.

22. Sturmia zebina Walker.

Very similar to the next preceding species, but the dusting of the frontal

orbits is more brownish, and that of the postocular orbits 1s silvery white unless

towards the lower extremities, where it shows a trace of yellow. The dusting

358 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

of the mesonotum is also brownish on the disc, contrasting with the whitish

grey of the humeri and lateral margins.

Length, 13 mm.

In structure very similar to chryseps, but the sexual patch on the fourth

tergite 1s smaller, not covering the posterior margin of the tergite below, and

not showing as markedly above.

Savaii: Safune, v.1924 (HE. H. Bryan, Jun.).

This § agrees with one from Australia identified as zebina by Miss D.

Aubertin.

Masicera fulvoventris, Meg., appears to be a prior name for this species

judging from a specimen from Bigot in the collection of the United States

National Museum.

Two females from the same locality may belong to this species, but they

have the postocular orbits yellow dusted, and I can find no reliable character

for separating them from chryseps.

The species which I believe to be Masicera cilipes, Macquart, and which

may be that identified as sericariae by Bezzi, has the postocular orbits yellow

dusted above, but above middle the dusting becomes whitish, and the lower

third or more is silvery white. The specimens also run considerably larger than

those before me, and the wings are more conspicuously blackened basally.

This type of wing marking is not confined to this genus, as I find species that

belong to Phorecera and two or three related genera in which it occurs also.

Winthemia Robineau-Desvoidy.

Bezzi has recorded one species of this genus from Fij1.

23. Winthemia dispar Macquart.

Three females that I accept as possibly this species have the face white

dusted and the parafacials entirely white haired. The mesopleura is black

haired on the disc, but there are some slightly crinkly yellowish white hairs on

the hind margin.

Tutuila, Savaiil, and Upolu. Recorded from Fiji by Bezzi.

It is possible that this is the same as albiceps, Malloch, described from

Australia, but I have not seen a male from Samoa.

TACHINIDAE. 309

23a. Winthemia pacifica, n. sp.

Male.—Similar to dispar as here accepted, but with the parafacials entirely

black haired.

Length, 11 mm.

Head black; antennae entirely black; palpi black, becoming reddish at

apices; interfrontalia blackish brown; frontal orbits, face, and postocular

orbits white dusted, the first mentioned slightly yellowish above ; genae with

the dust showing less than that on face because of the presence of dense dark

hairs. All the hairs on the parafacials black. Frons at vertex about twice as

wide as height of gena ; the inner verticals strong, outer pair small; postverti-

cals shorter than the ocellars; no upper reclinate orbital present. Parafacial

at middle about half as wide as the third antennal segment, the latter about

three times as long as second segment; gena about as high as width of third

antennal segment.

Thorax black, humeri concolorous, the dust grey, mesonotum with the usual

four dark vittae not conspicuous ; scutellum reddish yellow from before middle

to apex. Pleural hairs except those on hind margin of the mesopleura black,

the pale hairs yellow, and crinkly like the dark hairs on the pteropleura. Sterno-

pleurals 1+1.

Legs black. Mid tibia with a submedian ventral bristle ; hind tibia with

no outstanding bristle in the anterodorsal series.

Abdomen black, the sides of first two visible tergites and anterior half of

the sides of next red, the bases with whitish grey dust. Second visible tergite

without central apical bristles ; sensory patch on fourth tergite well developed,

large, and with the hairs strong, bristle-like, the third tergite with shorter ventral

hairs. Superior hypopygial forceps tapered to a point, almost beak-like in

profile.

Squamae yellowish white. Knobs of halteres fuscous.

Holotype, Tonga: Neiafu, Vavau, 1.111.1925 (Hopkins).

The entirely white dusted face readily distinguishes the species from the

one | accept as the Australian trichoparia, Schiner.

Compsilura Bouché.

This genus is represented in Europe by a single species, concinnata, Meigen,

of which I have seen many typical examples from the Federated Malay States.

360 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

In the collection from Samoa there is a second species that differs in size and

armature of the frons as well as in some other characters from the genotype. The

genus is readily distinguished from its allies by the lack of ocellar bristles, and

in the 9 by the spinose ventral edges of the third and fourth abdominal tergites,

and by the possession of a long curved spike-like process at the apex of the

abdomen, which is usually curved forward close against the venter of the

abdomen.

24, Compsilura samoaensis, n. sp.

Female.—A small black species, with the dusting of the head, thorax, and

abdomen pale grey, the antennae black, and the palpi fulvous yellow.

Length, 5 mm. ;

Head black, the frontal orbits, face, genae, and occiput densely pale grey

dusted ; antennae black, second segment brownish; palpi fulvous yellow ;

occipital hairs whitish yellow, the other hairs and bristles black. Frons at

vertex about one-fourth of the head width, much widened to anterior margin,

the orbits at upper proclinate bristle but little narrower than the interfrontalia.

Kach orbit with two upper reclinate bristles, the uppermost one of the three

present in the genotype represented by a short fine hair ; two strong proclinate

outer bristles ; and three incurved inner marginals in front, the weaker fourth

one of the genotype hardly developed, the lower bristle opposite apex of second

antennal segment and midway between inner margin of parafacial and eye. In

other respects similar to concinnata, but the palpi have very few hairs on their

outer sides as compared with it.

Thorax more distinctly shining than in concinnata, the vittae more con-

spicuous.

Legs black. Abdomen with the grey dust covering less of the basal portions

of the tergites than in concinnata, and the short spines on the edges of the third

tergite less strongly developed and less numerous.

Holotype 9, Tutuila : Pago Pago, 14.xii.1925 (Buxton and Hopkins).

Paratypes, Upolu: Tuaefu, 16.ix.1923 (Swezey and Wilder); Savaii:

Safune, rain forest, 2,000—-4,000 feet, 2.v.1924 (Bryan).

Voriella Malloch.

I described this genus from Australia, and included therein three species.

The distinguishing characters consist of the presence of hairs on the centre of

TACHINIDAE. 361

the propleura, the extension of the frontal bristles downward on the parafacials

to or beyond the apex of the second antennal segment, the presence of discal

abdominal bristles, the lack of hairs on the eyes, and the position of the inner

cross vein, which is near midway between the inner one and the bend of the

fourth vein.

There is one species in the Samoan material that appears to be undescribed.

25. Voriella setiventris, n. sp.

Male.—Similar in most respects to inconspicua, Malloch, but with stronger

abdominal bristles.

Length, 6 mm.

Head black, with dense whitish grey dusting, the interfrontalia brownish

black ; antennae black; palpi fuscous. Frons at vertex about one-seventh of

the head width, parallel-sided for more than half its length, widened in front ;

vertical, postvertical, and ocellar bristles short and fine, the inner verticals

shghtly stronger; each orbit with an inner marginal series of well-developed

bristles, the upper two on each somewhat recurved, the second one the stronger,

the other bristles incurved, the series below level of base of antennae closer than

the others and carried to about level of the insertion of the aristae, a few fine

hairs close to bases of the bristles on frontal orbits, none on the parafacials.

Antennae inserted at middle of eye in profile, reaching to epistome, the third

segment about 1-5 times as long as second, broadly rounded at apex ; aristae

thickened at bases, tapered to middle, subnude; palpi slightly thickened to

apices. Parafacial in profile much narrowed to below middle ; gena higher than

width of third antennal segment, the surface bristles rather strong. —

Thorax shining black, with quite dense greyish white dust which divides the

mesonotum into three broad black vittae, the apex of the scutellum rather

broadly pale dusted. Mesonotum with three pairs of postsutural dorsocentrals,

two pairs of postsutural intra-alars, four bristles on the lateral presutural area,

the prealar short, both notopleurals long, and three pairs of presutural acrosti-

chals ; pteropleura with only a number of stiff hairs, no long bristle; sterno-

pleura with two bristles, and the prosternum with two or three bristly hairs

on each side.

Legs black. Fore tarsus longer than fore tibia; mid tibia with a strong

submedian ventral bristle; hind tibia with two or three weak anteroventral

ya 3

362 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

bristles, and three or four bristles on the anterodorsal and posterodorsal surfaces,

the one nearest apex in each series the longest.

Wings greyish hyaline, shghtly smoky basally, the veins dark brown.

Costal thorn undeveloped, third vein with one strong bristle above at base and

three weaker bristles at base below ; first posterior cell narrowly open, ending

rather close to wing tip, the outer cross vein close to midway from inner to bend

of fourth, the latter subangulate, the section beyond the bend almost straight,

on both wings with a weakly developed short spur close to middle on inner side.

Abdomen glossy black, seen from some angles with a brownish caste, each

tergite with a conspicuous basal fascia of white dust that is narrow centrally

and widens out laterally. All tergites with apical central bristles, second to

fourth also with central discal bristles. Hypopygium small, with fine short

hairs, the tergite before it with about four discal bristles.

Squamae yellowish brown. Halteres yellow.

Holotype 3, Tutuila: Fagasa, 9.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Neomedina, n. gen.

Similar to Medina, R.-D. (=Degeeria, Meigen), differing mainly in the lack

of discal bristles on the abdomen. For other characters see description given

below.

Genotype, the following new species.

26. Neomedina atripennis, n. sp.

A glossy black species, with silvery white dust on the head, thorax, and

abdomen ; the antennae, palpi, and legs, black, and the wings conspicuously

blackened from base to apex on the costa, more widely so at base, the darker

colour tapering off behind, but distinct along the veins.

Length, 8 mm.

3. Head black, densely silvery dusted except on interfrontalia and a

mark below each eye which are brownish black. Frons at vertex about one-

half as wide as one eye, widened in front, the orbits almost as wide as the inter-

frontalia above ; outer vertical bristles reduced to short hairs, about as long as

the ocellar pair, the inner pair long and strong ; each orbit with an inner marginal

series of long bristles, the uppermost two or three on each reclinate, the others

more definitely incurved, the bristles carried downward on parafacials to

TACHINIDAE. 363

distinctly below level of apex of second antennal segment, laterad of the bristles

there are some fine hairs, but these are not carried downward as far as the

bristles. Profile as Fig. 14, the bristles on the facial ridges rather variable

in strength and extent, but always more strongly developed and widely separated

than in Degeeria. Third antennal segment about five times as long as second.

Back of head centrally and below with white hairs.

Thorax shining black, pleura with an oblique stripe of white dust over the

mesopleura and sternopleura, the mesonotum with lateral margins conspicuously

white dusted, the central stripe less noticeably white dusted, and the stripes

over the series of dorsocentrals brownish dusted, the black intervening stripes

linear. Dorsocentrals and acrostichals 3-3;

prealar long ; postsutural intra-alars 3 ; presutural

sublateral area with 4 bristles; sternopleura

with 2 bristles ; the pteropleural well developed ;

prosternum haired on sides, and propleura bare

in centre.

Legs normal. Claws long; hind tibia with-

out an anterodorsal fringe.

Abdomen glossy black, conical, tapered to

apex, the hypopygium small and hidden. All

tergites with strong apical hind marginal bristles,

the pair on first visible tergite the weakest, the

sunacer hairs strong, moderately long, and. pasrnie. 14.-Neomedina

--decumbent. The basal silvery white dusted atripennis, profile of head.

fascia on each tergite is narrowed above and

usually lacking centrally so that there is an elongate mark on each side.

Wing as Fig. 15. First vein bare, third with setulose hairs from base to a

short distance from inner cross vein.

Squamae white. Halteres fuscous.

Q. Similar to the J in general appearance and colour, but the white marks

on the abdomen are broader, the frons is a little wider and has two outer pro-

clinate bristles on the upper half, and the abdomen is stouter and more tapered

at apex. There is no trace of any abnormal development of spinose armature

on the venter of this sex.

Type 3, allotype, and one ¢ paratype, Savaii: Salailua, 23.v.1924 (Bryan).

I have carefully examined all the available material of species apparently

364 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

closely related to this in the United States National Museum, and though I

realize that the number of genera in the family is rather oppressive, I cannot

avoid erecting a new one for the species before me. Dr. Aldrich in the Museum

collection has adopted the generic name Medina for the genus usually called

Degeeria, and places thereunder also Amedoria, Brauer and von Bergenstamm,

B-HopKins :

Text-Fic. 15.—Neomedina atripennis, wing.

with one or two additional and much more recent genera described by Townsend.

All have well-developed discal abdominal bristles, but the other characters are

similar to those of the Samoan species, and it is probable that a thorough review

of all related genera will result in the reduction of the status of the latter to a

subgenus.

TRIBE ACTIINI.

Actia Robineau-Desvoidy.

27. Actia hyalinata Malloch.

I identify one female as this Malayan species. Bezzi described stiglinae

from Fiji as the only species in his material from these islands. It differs from

hyalinata in having the first wing vein unarmed, and the third vein with only

seven or eight bristles on the upper side which extend to a little beyond the

inner cross vein. In hyalinata the first vein is setulose both above and below

apically, and the third is bristled to beyond the level of the outer cross vein.

Tutuila: Pago Pago, 14.xi1.1925.

TRIBE DEXIINI.

In this book on the Diptera of Fiji Bezzi used the subfamily name

Pyrrhosiinae instead of the one here used, and recorded two genera and three

species. In this collection I find one of his genera and one species ; another,

SARCOPHAGIDAE. 365

though widely distributed throughout the region, was not recorded by him. It

possibly occurs in Fiji, and, though the specimen now before me is from the New

Hebrides, in Samoa also.

Rhinomyiobia Brauer and von Bergenstamm.

An Australian genus which extends its range to Fiji and Samoa.

28. Rhinomyiobia plumifera Bezzi.

One specimen of this Fijian species.

Tau, Manua, 27.1x.1923 (Swezey and Wilder).

Prosena St. Fargeau et Serville.

A widely distributed genus which has a large number of Australian species.

284. Prosena sibirita Fabricius.

A much damaged female specimen appears to belong to this or a very closely

allied species, but without a male it is impossible to definitely identify the

species.

New Hebrides: Tanna, ix.1925 (Buxton).

SARCOPHAGIDAE.*

29. Sarcophaga (Helicobia) australis Johnston and Teigs.

Three males of this small Australian species are before me. It is probable

that the species is widely distributed in the Australian region, but its small size

may prevent its ready collection.

Tutuila : Pago Pago, 14.xi1.1925; Upolu: Mulifanua, 16.vii.1925 (Wilder) ;

Malololelei, 8.vii.1925 (Wilder).

* Supplementary to Sarcophagidae by P. A. Buxton, pp. 141-150 of present part, published

11th May, 1929.

366 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

EXPLANATION OF FIGURES.

Fig. 1. Diploneura instabilis, basal half of costa of wing showing veins | to 3.

» 2. Megaselia insulana, costa of wing.

Os 5 perturbans, costa of wing.

pias fe 45 hind tibia from behind.

te aS » pacifica, costa of wing.

ne eOe » basiseta, costa of wing.

sehr alls . 5 hind tibia.

» 8. Pulictphora lucifera, wing.

» 9. Chonocephalus dorsalis, wing.

», LO. Phytomyza spicata, Malloch, wing (a) and antenna (0).

5» 11. Calobata pallipes, Loew, anterior extremity of thorax in profile, left side.

5, 12. Neocalobata deferens, anterior extremity of thorax in profile, left side.

», 13. Neocalobata deferens, basal half of wing.

», 14. Neomedina atripennis, profile of head.

- :

i De & - wing.

af U 4 tig. ™

re 22

/, oN

fe 5)

rr wi 5

oa =. |

= :

=f | f

We ee yy,

Arr, yo”

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

ARTHROPODA

LIST OF PARTS AND SYSTEM OF PUBLICATION :—

Part 1. Orthoptera and Dermaptera. (Complete.)

. II. Hemiptera. (Complete.)

» III. Lepidoptera. (Complete.)

,. IV. Coleoptera. (Complete.)

" V. Hymenoptera. (Complete.)

» WI. Diptera. (Complete.) .

,, WII. Other Orders of Insects. (Complete.) |

» VIII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than Insects. (Complete.)

5, LX. Summary and Index.

The work is published at intervals in the form of numbered fascicles.

Although individual fascicles may contain contributions by more than one

author, each fascicle is so arranged as to form an integral portion of one or

other of the Parts specified above. _

List of Fascicles issued to 23rd February, 1935 :—

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda. Maps | and Date Issued.

2 (in envelope). 1927, 4to. 6d. 26th February, 1927.

Part I. ORrTHOPTERA AND DERMAPTERA.

Fasc. 1. Dermaptera. By Dr. Alfredo Borelli. Pp. 1-8. 1928, 4to. 1s. 28th July, 1928.

Fasc.2. Orthoptera. By Dr. L. Chopard. 51 text-figures. Pp. ee 1929, 4to. 5s. 26th January, 1929.

Part I]. Hemiptera.

Fase. 1. Fulgoroidea. By F. Muir. 25. text-figures. Psyllide (Chermide). By

Prof. D. L. Crawford. 4 text-figures. Coccide, Aphidide and Aleyrodide.

By F. Laing, M.A., B.Sc. 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-45. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d. 25th June, 1927.

Fasc. 2. Cercopide. By V.Lallemand, M.D. 10 text-figures. Cicadide. By

G. Myers, Sc.D. 22 text-figures. Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Heteroptera.

by Prof. Meice Esaki. 6 fetheniee! Pa 47-80. 1928, Ato. 2s. 6d. 3 23rd June, 1928.

‘Fasc. 3. Heteroptera. By W. E. China, B.A. (Cantab.). 28 text-figures.

Pp. 81-162. 1930. 4to. 5s. 26th July, 1930.

Fasc. 4. Cicadellide desde): By Herbert Osborn, Ohio State University,

Columbus, Ohio. 15 text-figures. Pp. 163-194. 1934, 4to. 2s. 27th January, 1934.

ee 2 Benes ou ne By Harry H. Knight, Ph.D. 9 text-figures. ieee Fehruary, 1935.

Part III. Lepipoprera.

Fasc. 1. Butterflies of S d hb Island- By G.H.E.

TE Ean iene dd Ue EandecAn GDh We as, SER ADT 1927.

: Fase. 2. Sean like By Edward Meyrick, BA, F.RS. Pp. 65-116.

1927, 4to 28th May, 1927.

Fasc. 3. G iride. By L B. Prout, F.E.S. 2 text-fi d 1 plat

Bee ae tte Da To oe tee a oaths March :1928,

Wrasc: 40) Pet By WHOLE. 12 texen dlgiplates tt

“Pp. 169-290. 1935. 10s. whee Tee ee 23rd February, 1935.

Part IV. CoLeopTera.

Fasc. 1. Carabide. By H. E. ee ie teat figures. Dytiscide. By A.

Zimmermann. 2 te figures ae hylinidze. ameron, M.B. 2 text-

figures. Hydrophilide. pS ales I text-f ae Clavicornia and

Lamellicornia. By G. J. na 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-66. 1927, 4to. 3s. 19th December, 1927.

Fasc. 2. eteromets, Bostrychoidea, Meenas and Buprestide. By K.G

Blair, text-figures. Elateri a H. van Zwaluwenberg. 10

text-figues, Mclaside lt," Breghide. aah Fleutiaux. Cerambycide. By

re a ae a ea Brent ide na ey ne 4 ext heurs:

thr. Yr rdan, 1 text- res roterhinide

ROT Pedine, DSc, ERS” Po OF-174, 198 dhe, 5s Y 25th February, 1928.

List of Fascicles issued to 23rd February, 1935 (continued) —

Part IV. CoLroprerA—continued.

_ Fase, 3. Throscide. By K. G. Blair, B.Sc. | text-figure. Chrysomelide.

By S. Maulik, M.A. 18 text-figures. Pp. 175-215. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 4. Platypodide and Scolytide. By C. F. C. Beeson, DSc. 13: text-

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 5. Curculicnide. By Sir Guy Marshall, C.M.G., D.Sc., F.R.S. 31 text-

figures. Pp. 249-346. 1931, 4to. 5s.

Part V. HyMENOPTERA.

Fasc. 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Ves ae oy R. C. L. Perkins, D.Sc.,

F.R.S., and_L. Evelyn Cheesmany FES, 12 text-figures. Larnide.

By Francis X. Williams. 12 text-figures.. Made By Dr. F. Santschi.

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Part VI. DIrtera.

Fasc. |. Streblide and Nycteribiide. By L. Falcoz. 7 text-figures. Hippo-

boscide. By G.F. Ferris. 6 text-figures. Pp. 1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Nematocera. By F. W. Edwards, M.A. 20 text-figures. Cecidomyime.

By H. F. Barnes, B.A., Ph.D. 4 text-figures. Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. 5s.

dae a Stratiomyiide, Tabanide and Ses e Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text-

arve Oo aya a A. Deron, VAG eS

Delichorodide. By C. G. Lamb, seb. 8 text-figures. Sarcophagide.

P. Bux’ g os text-figures. Muscide. By J. R. Malloch.

Pp. 109-175. 1929, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 4. Empidide and Pipunculide. By J. E. Collin. 7 text-figures.

“Syrphide. By Fran ull. 2 text-figures. Clustide (Heteroneuride)

dt ; ;

Pee 5. Ortalide. By J. R. Malloch. 6 text-figures. Calliphoride. By

J. R. Malloch. Pp. 215-237, 1930, 4to. 2s.

Fasc. 6. Lonchaeide, Chloropide and Piophilide. By J. R. Malloch. 3

text-figures. Pp. 239-251. 1930, 4to. Is.

Fase. 7. Trypetide. By J.R. Malloch. Se Pp. 253-266. 1931,4to. Is.

Fasc. 8. Drosophilide, Ephydride, Spheroceride and eae By J. R.

Malloch. 16 text-figures. Pp. 267-3 398, 1934, 4to. 2s.

Fasc. 9. Phoride, Agromyzide, Micropezide, ee ee eer sde

By J. R. Malloch. 15 text-figures. Pp. 329-366. 1935, 4to. 2s. 6

Part VII. Orner Orpers oF INSECTS.

Fasc. 1. Isoptera: Family Termitide. By Gerald F. Hill. 14 text-figures and

plate. Odonata. By Lt.-Col. F. C. Fraser, I.MS., F.E.S. 5 text-figures.

Bs: 1-44. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By R. J. ne Se.D. Cara F.RS., and J. A.

Lestage. 2 text-figures. Siphonaptera. By P. A. Buxton, aa Thysano tera.

By ce Bagnall, F.R.S.E., F.L.S. Gisee Reares: Pp. 45-76. 1928, 4to.

Fasc. 3. Mallophaga. By J. Waterston, D.Sc. 2 text-figures. Anoplura. By

Be Buxton, M.A. Tichoptera. By Martin Pool: 1 figure.

Neuroptera.. By P. Esben-Petersen. | text-figure and 2 plates. Apterygota.

y George H. Carpenter, D.Sc. 32 text-figures. Pp. 77-116. 1928, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Pe 4. Psocoptera. By Dr. H. H. Karny. 8 text-figures. Pp. 117-129. 1s.

Part VIII. TerrestriaL ARTHROPODA OTHER THAN INSECTS.

Fasc. 1. _Isopoda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, D.Sc. 2 plates. Scor-

Et ees Acarina. By Stanley Hirst. 2 text-figures. Pp. 1-27. 1927,

to Ss

Fasc. 2. _Myriopoden (Myriopoda). By C. Attems. 4 text-figures. Araignées

(Araneida). By Dr. Lucien Berland. 79 text-figures. Pp. 29-78. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Part IX. Samay AND INDEX.

Fasc. 1. Description of the ce ure By P. A. Buxton, M.R.C.S, 2

text-figures an 6 plates. . 1-31. 1930, tio, 2s 6d.

and Sebo. By R. Malloch. 6 text-figures. Pp. 177-213. 1929,.

: Daie Iss

23rd Fee 1929.

22nd June, 1929.

25th April, 1931.

25th February, 1928,

23rd July, 1927.

23rd June, 1928.

11th May, 1929.

27th July, 1929.

22nd March, 1930.

22nd November, 1930.

28th November, 1931.

23rd June, 1934.

23rd February, 1935.

28th May, 1927.

23rd June, 1928.

28th July, 1928.

27th February, 1932.

23rd July, 1927.

22nd June, 1929.

22nd November, 1930.