INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL —

ARTHROPODA |

Althouch a eae or series of papers, dealing ennpiehencivels with

the land arthropod fauna of any group of islands in the South Pacific may be

expected to yield valuable results, mm connection with distribution, modification

due to isolation, and other problems, no such work is at present in existence.

In order in some measure to remedy this deficiency, and in view of benefits -

directly accruing to the National Collections, the Trustees of the British ©

Museum have undertaken the publication of this account of the Insects and other

Terrestrial Arthropoda collected in the Samoan Islands, in 1924-1925, by

Messrs. P. A. Buxton and G. H. E. Hopkins, during the Expedition of the

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine to the South Pacific.

Advantage has been taken of the opportunity thus afforded, to make the studies

as complete as possible by including in them all Samoan material of the groups — |

concerned in both the British Museum (Natural History) and (by courtesy oly

the authorities of that institution) the Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

It was not intended that contac: to the text should be confined to the

Museum Staff or to any one nation, but, so far as possible, the assistance of the

leading authorities on all groups dealt with has been obtained.

The work is divided into nine ‘Parts’ (see p. 3 of wrapper), which are

subdivided into “‘Fascicles.’’ Each of the latter, which appear as ready in

any order, consists of one or more contributions. On the completion of the —

systematic portion of the work it is intended to issue (in Part IX) a general —

survey, summarising ee whole and Miawins from it such conclusions as may

be warranted. |

A list of F. cee Already issued will be found on pp. 3 and 4 of this wrapper. :

E. E. AUSTEN,

Brirish Museum (Naturat History),

CromweLt Roap, S.W.7.

Keeper of Entomolosy. eh

INSECTS OF SAMOA

Part VII. Fasc. 4

PSOCOPTERA.

By Dr. H. H. Karny, Vienna.

(With 8 Text-figures.)

Since Dr. Rechinger (Denkschr. Math.-Nat. Kl. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Bd. 81,

pp. 197-318, 1908; Bd. 84, pp. 385-562, 1909; Bd. 85, pp. 175-432, 1910;

Bd. 88, pp. 1-65, 1912; Bd. 89, pp. 443-708, 1914; Bd. 91, pp. 139-213, 1915),

on his expedition to the Samoa Islands, did not collect any Psocoptera, all

species of this group, of which specimens were obtained by Messrs. Buxton

and Hopkins, constitute new records. Of the eleven species represented in the

series before me seven are new, whilst the others were previously known as

occurring in New Guinea, from the Bird collection described by Enderlein in

1903 (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, pp. 179-344, Tat. III—XIV).

The following is the list of the Psocoptera collected by Buxton and Hopkins

in Samoa :—

. LZorotypus buxtoni, sp. n.

. Nepticulomima biroiana (Enderl.).

. Lepidopsocus hopkinsi, sp. n.

. Echmepteryx desquamata, sp. n.

. Pteroxaniella (g.n.) bifurcata, sp. n.

. Phlotodes samoanus, sp. n.

. Clematostigma brevistylus (Enderl.).

. Hemipsocus luridus (Enderl.).

. Philotarsus samoanus, sp. n.

. Mepleres submarginalis, sp. n.

. Caecilius novoguineensis (Enderl.).

oOMmAN DA FW WY

= ©

vit. 4—1

118 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

The new species are all peculiar to Samoa, so far as yet known; the four

others have been previously recorded from the Papuan-Melanesian Region, and

Hemipsocus luridus also from the Malayan Region.

The collection consists of about thirty or forty specimens, most of which

are dried and pinned ; a few are in alcohol and some are prepared as microscope

slides. The majority of the specimens belong to the “ scaly-winged ”’ species.

SuB-ORDER ZORAPTERA.

ZOROTYPIDAE.

1. Zorotypus buxtoni, sp. n. (Text-fig. 1).

A single specimen in spirit from Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet, 25.v1.1924

(Buxton and Hopkins). As both antennae are broken, and only the first six

joints can be studied, it is im-

Ax : possible to make out with certainty

whether we have to do with a

/ juvenile or with a_ full-grown

specimen. The insect was col-

lected in rotten wood.

Yellow, weakly chitinised, ap-

terous. Second joint of antennae

distinctly shorter than third,

TEXT-FIG. 1.—Zorotypus buatont, sp..n. Antenna though more than half so long as

from first to sixth joint (above) ; labial palp ; ee

(left) ; maxillary palp (below) ; cercus (right). latter. Maxillary palpus 5-] ointed,

basal and penultimate joints

very short, remainder long and almost cylindrical. Labial palpus 3-jointed,

penultimate joint very short, nearly globular, constricted at base, remaining

jomts long, almost cylindrical. Cercus conical, terminating in a long, thick,

apical style or seta, at base of which is a small annular joint as in Z. javanicus

Silvestri (Boll. Lab. Zool. Portici, VII, pp. 208-209, figs. XII, XIII, 1913: cf.

Karny, Treubia, [X, p. 4, fig. 3 (upper right-hand figure), 1926).

This new species should come, according to Caudell’s key (Trans. Amer.

Ent. Soc., XLVIII, p. 135, 1922), between Zorotypus ceylonicus Silvestri (Boll.

Lab. Zool. Portici, VII, pp. 207-208, figs. VIII-XI, 1913) and Z. javanicus

Silvestri ; it differs from both in the shape of the second antennal joint, this being

PSOCOPTERA. 119

more constricted than in Z. ceylonicus, and much longer than in Z. javanicus.

From Z. silvestrii Karny and Z. caudelli Karny, my new species differs in the

shape of the cerci (ef. Treubia, IX, p. 4, fig. 3 (lower right-hand figure), 1926, and

III, p. 20, fig. 7, 1923). Zorotypus buxtoni differs similarly from the hitherto

known American species, including Z. neotropicus Silvestri (Boll. Lab. Zool.

Portict, X, p. 120, 1916), Z. manni Caudell (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., XXV,

pp. 60-62, 1923), and Z. longicercatus Caudell (Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., X XIX,

pp. 144-145, 1927): in the last-named no terminal seta is present.

SuB-ORDER COPEOGNATHA.

AMPHIENTOMIDAE.*

PERIENTOMINAE.*

Perientomini.*

2. Nepticulomima biroiana (Enderlein, 1903) (Text-fig. 2).

Perientomum biroianum Enderlein, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, pp. 327-328, fig. 12; Taf. XT,

fig. 60 b; Taf. XII, figs. 60 a and ec, 1903.

Nepticulomima birovana Enderlein, Spolia Zeyl., IV, p. 95 (footnote), and pp. 101-102, 1906.

Upolu: Apia, 11.1924, 1 specimen; 16.v.1924, 1 specimen; 1.xi.1924,

1 specimen ; vill.1925, 1 specimen (slide) ; ix.1925, 2 specimens (slides) ; 27.x.1925,

1 specimen (slide) ; 28.x.1925, 1 specimen (slide) ; 29.x.1925, 1 specimen.

Savaii: Salailua, 21.v.1924 (Bryan), 1 specimen.

As regards venation (text-fig. 2) and the other characters indicated by him,

the above-mentioned specimens agree very well with Enderlein’s description.

Enderlein could not describe the colour more accurately, since the type

specimen was too much damaged. I am now able to complete his description,

as follows. The fore wings are dark brown in the basal third, with a wide, silvery,

finely dark-punctured cross-band near the middle; the apical portion is again

dark brown. The dark areas are very finely punctured with whitish. The

fringe is coloured lke the wing itself, but before the apex are two light, silvery

spots, one on the fore, the other on the hind margin; these do not extend on to

the wing. In the apical part of the anterior margin of the hind wings the fringe

shows three wide dark brown bands, and between them two silvery spots.

* In this paper, I follow the system established by me in Treubia, XII, pp. 431-461, 1930.

120 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Since the colouration of the fore wing was unknown to Enderlein, he was

unable to include this species in his key (Spol. Zeyl., loc. cit.), the following

addition to which may now be made.

4. Fore wing dark brown, with brassy yellow spots . : ‘ : . essigkeana Enderl.

Fore wing grey-brown, with silvery markings. 4a.

4a. Fore wing dark grey-brown, with a broad silvery cross band and two

silvery fringe spots before apex (one on fore, one on hind margin) . bwroiana Enderl.

Fore wing relatively narrow, grey-brown, with large silvery marginal

spots ; : é A : : ; : ' ; . sakuntala Enderl.

Trext-riag. 2.—Nepticulomima biroiana (Enderlein). Front and hind wings; the dotted

line in the hind wing indicates an anomalous cross-vein, present in one specimen.

This species was previously known only as occurring in New Guinea.

In one of the examples before me there is an anomalous cross vein in the

hind wing, running from the posterior branch of the radial sector to the first

branch of the medial vein. In text-fig. 2 I have indicated this cross vein,

which is absent in all the other specimens, by a dotted line.

Echmepterygun.

3. Lepidopsocus hopkinsi, sp. n. (Text-fig. 3).

Upolu: Vailima, 25.x.1924, 1 specimen (type); Malololelei, 2,000 feet,

28.v1.1924, 2 specimens; vil.1924, 2 specimens; 25.xi.1924, 3 specimens ;

30.x1.1924, 1 specimen; Apia, 29.x.1925, 1 specimen; 1.x1.1924, 1 specimen.

All specimens dried.

PSOCOPTERA. 121

Closely resembling L. nepticulides Enderlem (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., 1,

pp. 330-331, Taf. IX, fig. 62 a, Taf. X, figs. 62 d-f, Taf. XI, fig. 62 b, Taf. XI,

figs. 62 c, g, 1903), but pattern of front wings somewhat different : ground colour

less yellowish and more golden-greyish than in Enderlein’s fig. 62 a, and in

basal portion dark brown colour not dissolved into spots, but forming a con-

tmuous dark wing base ; in middle and apical part of wing colour pattern exactly

as in Enderlein’s figure.

It is possible that we are merely dealing with a colour variety of Enderlein’s

species, although, having regard to geography, this would not seem very probable,

TExt-FIG. 3.—Lepidopsocus hopkinsi, sp. n. Front and hind wings.

for the type of L. nepticulides was obtained in Singapore, whilst L. hopkinsi was

discovered in Samoa.

Moreover, apart from the wing colouration, L. hopkinsi is easily distinguish-

able from Nepticulomima biroiana by its venation. In the front wing, there

are no closed cells; in the hind wing the longitudinal veins have a common

origin (in Nepticulomima, on the contrary, they arise from two main stems,

which are separate and come together again and so enclose a very narrow

closed basal cell) ; moreover the radial vein arises in Lepidopsocus from the

common chief stem between the cubital vein and M,; but in Nepticulomima

it arises shortly before the sectoral fork, i.e. after the origin of the whole medial

vein.:

122 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

4. Echmepteryx desquamata, sp. n. (Text-fig. 4).

Upolu: Apia, 29.x.1925, 1 specimen (slide, type); 1.xi.1924, 1 specimen

(dry).

The genus Hchmepteryx differs from Lepidopsocus most distinctly in the

venation of the front (Enderlein, Spol. Zeyl., IV, p. 103, 1906) and hind

wings. In the latter, the radial vein arises in Hchmepteryx near the base, and

Text-Fic. 4.—Echmepteryx desquamata, sp. n. Front and hind wings.

cannot be distinguished near the costa ; further, the fork of the radial sector is

much shorter than in Lepidopsocus (cf. text-figs. 3 and 4).

I cannot state the colour of the front wings, since the scales are too much

tubbed away (hence the name desquamata) in both specimens before me. Legs

pale brownish-yellow ; hind tibiae infuscate at base and distally ; first tarsal

joint also greyish, following ones brownish-yellow.

Among the species at present known, H. desquamata is nearest allied to

EH. muhira Enderlein, of Ceylon (Spol. Zeyl., 1V, pp. 104, 107-108, pl. C, fig. 22,

pl. EH, fig. 81, pl. F, fig. 106, pl. G, fig. 122, 1906), but the radial fork in the fore

wing is much wider, and the stem of the cubital fork longer than in that species

(text-fig. 4).

Echinopsocina.

Pteroxaniella, gen. n.

Owing to the absence of hind wings, this genus belongs to the Echinopsocini,

from all the known genera of which it differs owing to the radial sector being

forked. The stem of this sector is in contact with the medial stem at one point,

where the latter is bent at an angle (cf. Scolopama Enderlein, Spol. Zeyl., IV,

PSOCOPTERA. 123

pl. F, fig. 108, 1906). Subcostal and radial veins both simple, medial and

cubital veins both forked. The tip of the fore wing of the solitary specimen

obtained is damaged, but I am inclined to think that the apex of the wing is

not acuminate, but simply rounded, as in Pteroxaniwm Enderlein (Ent. Mo.

Mag. (3) VIII, p. 103, figs. 1-6, 1922).

Genotype: Pteroxamella bifurcata, sp. n.

5. Pteroxaniella bifurcata, sp. n. (Text-fig. 5).

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet, 28.v1.1924, 1 dry specimen (type).

Kach vein bears a series of circular pits, marking the insertions of the setae,

as in Pteroxanvum (Enderlein, loc. cit., fig. 2, 1922), and Scolopama (Enderlein,

Spol. Zeyl., loc. cit., 1906). This cha-

racter is not indicated in the schematic

text-fig. 5. Scales on front wing very

narrow, setiform, as in Pteroxanium (cf.

Enderlein, Ent. Mo. Mag., loc. cit., figs.

4 and 5, 1922). Wings pale, yellowish,

with three dark grey cross bands, first

of which (near base) runs somewhat

obliquely (text-fig. 5); middle band be-

ginning on hind margin, and bent twice

at right angles in centre; a spot on costa between basal and middle bands ;

apical band forked close to costa. Bands due, not to pigmentation of wing

membrane, but to bristles and setiform squamae inserted in it.

The present species differs from all those hitherto described in its wing

venation, and especially in the radial sector being forked ; for this reason it is

necessary to assign it to a new genus.

TExt-Fic. 5.—Pteroxaniella bifurcata, gen. et

sp.n. Front wing (diagrammatic).

PSOCIDAE.

MYoOPSOCcINAE.

6. Phlotodes samoanus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 6).

Upolu: Apia, 27.vii.1924, 1 dry specimen (type).

Antennae yellowish-brown, long and densely hairy; forehead brownish-

yellow, with some dark spots. Body dark brown. Front wings with a dark

longitudinal band along fore margin of basal part, subsequently emitting a wide

124 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

cross branch which passes backwards, reaching hind margin about in centre of

anal cell; longitudinal band then continued to pterostigma. A similar dark

oblique band running from beginning of areola postica into space between

hindmost branch of radial sector and anterior branch of media. Ends of radial

and medial branches with longitudinal dark markings. All these dark bands

sprinkled with whitish-hyal-

ine; wing area between dark

bands whitish-hyaline, sprink-

led with brown. Venation as

shown in text-fig. 6. Coloura-

tion of legs as in P. kolber

Enderlein. First joint of hind

tarsi with about 30 ctenidia

(text-fig. 6); no ctenidia dis-

cernible on second and third

: jomts. Each ctenidium is

: composed of about four minute

teeth, last of which is much

TExt-ric. 6.—Phlotodes samoanus, sp. n. Ramification Jlonoer and thicker than re-

of median vein of front wing (above); hind wing i

(centre) ; and hind tarsus (below). mainder.

Length of fore wing 3 mm.

Owing to the ctenidia being so numerous, the species described above

resembles Phlotodes mjébergi Karny (Sarawak Mus. Journ., II, pp. 63-64,

1925), of Sarawak; in other respects, however, it comes nearest to P. kolbev

(Enderlein) (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, pp. 302-303, Taf. TX, fig. 51 a, Taf. X,

fig. 51 b, 1903), of New Guinea. Nevertheless it is clearly distinct from P. kolbex

owing to the greater number of its ctenidia, and the details of the wing venation ;

the radial fork cell in the hind wing is narrower than in the Papuan species, and

the median vein is closer to the radial sector. Further, the veins of the fore

wing are less strikingly thick and prominent than in the figure given by Enderlein,

and that part of the areola postica which is bordered by the median vein is

wider. The band pattern of the front wing, too, is somewhat different.

PSOCOPTERA. 125

PSOCINAE.

Psocint.

7. Clematostigma brevistylus (Enderlein).

Enderlein, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, p. 233, Taf. XIV, fig. 76 (Copostigma).

Upolu: Vaea, Apia, 1,200 feet, 20.11.1915, 1 dry specimen; Malololelei,

2,000 feet, 25.v1., 25.x1.1924, 3 dry specimens.

This species was originally described from the Biré collection, from New

Guinea, and is characterised by the strikingly short radial stem in the front wing.

In the case of a single specimen from Malololelei, markings of the front wing are

precisely as figured by Enderlein ; in the three others the terminal branches of

M-+Cu and the part of the hind margin between them are enclosed in a smoky

area: the pattern therefore resembles that exhibited by Copostigma indicum

Enderlein (loc. cit., Taf. XIV, fig. 73), except that there is only a single, hyaline,

drop-like spot in the middle of each fork cell. The fact that this variety is

specifically identical with C. brevistylus (Enderlein) is proved by the wing

venation.

Hemupsocini.

8. Hemipsocus luridus (Enderlein).

Savaii: Salailua, 21.v.1924 (Bryan), 1 dry specimen.

The specimen before me belongs to that species of Hemipsocus which is

characterised by the presence of dark punctures on the veins in the front wings.

This species was originally determined by Enderlein in 1903 (inn. Mus. Nat.

Hung., 1, p. 234, Taf. IV, fig. 17) as H. chloroticus (Hagen), because he mistook

it for Hagen’s species, although he added: “ Dass iibrigens Hagen die Punk-

tierung der Adern nicht angiebt ... ist auffillig.” At the same time,

Enderlein (loc. cit., p. 235) described the New Guinea form of his “ chloroticus ”

as var. luridus.

Subsequently Enderlein (Stett. Entom. Zeit., 67, p. 311, 1906), on the basis

of material from Japan, described the form without punctures on the veins

as a new species under the name Hemipsocus hyalinus. Many years later, when

studying the Serys-Lonecuamps Collection, Enderlein (Coll. Zool. Edm. de

Selys Longchamps, iii, 2, p. 39, Taf. V, fig. 29, 1919) discovered that his H.

hyalinus was identical with the true H. (Psocus) chloroticus of Hagen, as proved

by the re-examination of a typical specimen of the latter. Thus H. chloroticus

126 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

(Enderlein, 1903, nec Hagen) required a new name, and Enderlein (op. cit.,

p. 40, 1919) named it H. selysianus, nom. nov. In so doing, however, he was in

error, since the varietal name Juridus must necessarily be employed for this

species.

The two forms, occurrig in Singapore and in New Guinea, have now to

be called respectively H. luridus selysianus and H. luridus luridus, if they are

to be considered distinct; according to Enderlein (1903), the whole difference

between them is that the body colour is yellowish-brown in the former and

reddish-brown to greyish-brown in the latter. The specimen now before me

belongs, so far as can be determined from the dried specimen, to the darker

(Papuan) form, that is to say H. luridus luridus Enderlein (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung.,

I, p. 235, Taf. IV, fig. 17a, 1903).

LACHESILLIDAE.

ELIPSOCINAE.

9. Philotarsus samoanus, sp. n. (Text-fig. 7).

Upolu: Apia, 27.vii.1924, 1 dried specimen (type). Bred from a twig of

mango, which was tunnelled by Scolytids (Buxton and Hopkins, No. 709 A).

Length of fore wing 1-5 mm.

Body brownish. Antennae

long and thin, the segments

elongate, dark brown, whitish

at the joints, pale; hairs seti-

form, long, arranged close to the

tips of the segments. Eyes dark.

Dorsal surface of head pale, with

many dark brown dots. Femora

dark brown, with pale, well-

defined cross bands at base, in

middle, and at tip. Tibiae dark,

TNT with well-defined pale markings

TEXT-FIG. 7.—Philotarsus samoanus, sp. n. Front at base and tip. Tarsi three-

saa jointed (text-fig. 7), brown.

Front wing pattern (text-fig. 7) resembling that of the Australian Cladioneura

pulchripennis Knderlein (Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Syst., XXII, p. 405, Taf. 23, fig. 5,

PSOCOPTERA. 127

1906), especially in the dark dots at the insertions of setae on the longitudinal

veins; these dots in P. samoanus, however, are in single rows only, whilst in

C. pulchripennis they are in double rows. The dark spot on the margin of the

areola postica is not elongate basad, as in Cladioneura, but forms with the

pterostigmal spot an interrupted cross band, which passes forwards across the

medial vein, but without reaching the radial sector.

As is shown by the veins and bristles of the hind wings (text-fig. 7), this

species belongs without any doubt to Philotarsus ; one can see at once that

it differs from Cladioneura owing to the tarsi being three-jointed. In the

genus Philotarsus, among the species known to me it is nearest allied to P.

maculatus Tillyard, of New Zealand, which it resembles owing to the presence of

conspicuous spots on the front wing, though their arrangement is quite different.

The same is the case if one compares it with P. fraternus, of Bolivia, and with

the Kuropean P. flaviceps. Moreover, my new species is much smaller than

any of the three species with which [ have compared it.

LACHESILLINAE.

Lachesillint.

10. Mepleres submarginalis, sp. n. (Text-fig. 8).

Upolu: Apia, 20.x1.1924, 1 dried specimen (type).

Length of fore wing 1-5 mm.

Dorsal surface of body black, legs and antennae pale yellowish. Antennae

clothed with extraordinarily long bristly hairs. Wings hyaline, front wing

(text-fig. 8) with large dark spot

in middle; a dark marginal streak

running from close to end of hind

branch of radial sector into areola

postica, and then passing obliquely

across latter; an oblique dark sub-

: ah tad : Text-Fic. 8.—Mepleres submarginalis, sp. n.

marginal streak beginning at tip of Front wing.

anterior branch of radial sector,

following this and continuing in same direction obliquely backward to areola

postica.

The genus Mepleres was founded by Enderlein in 1926 (Zool. Mededeel.,

IX, p. 61) for a new species (M. maeandricus) found in Java; to this genus

128 INSECTS OF SAMOA.

Enderlein added two further species originally attributed to Hemicaecilius, viz.

H. limbatus Enderlein (Zool. Anz., XXXIII, p. 770, 1908), of Formosa, and

H. suzuki Okamoto (Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., VII, pp. 193-194, Taf. IIT, fig. 5,

1910), of Japan. Here also belongs the species which I originally described as

Henucaecilius ngroguttatus (Karny, Sarawak Mus. Journ., U1, p. 73, Pl. 3, fig. 7,

1925), from a specimen from Sarawak; my reference in Treubia, XII, p. 451,

1930, should therefore be to Mepleres, and not to Hemicaecilius.

The genus Mepleres agrees with Henvcaecilius (genotype H. bogotanus

Enderlein, Zool. Jahrb., Abt. f. Syst., XVIII, p. 358, Taf. 17, fig. 9, 1903) in

possessing a two-branched (simply forked) medial vein in the front wing, but

differs in other important respects as regards the front wing venation. In

Mepleres, radial sector and medial vein coincide for a rather long distance ; in

Hemicaecilius, on the contrary, they are connected only by a short cross-vein.

Thus Hemicaecilius is referable to the tribe Epipsocini, and not to the Lachesillini,

where some twelve months ago I erroneously placed it (cf. Karny, Tvreubia, XII,

p- 451, December, 1930).

As in the other members of the genus Mepleres the front wing in the species

described above bears dark markings, but in the arrangement of this pattern

M. submarginalis differs from all hitherto known species, since the infuscations

consist only of a large central spot, an apical marginal band, and a submarginal

line basad of it (text-fig. 8).

11. Caecilius novoguineensis Enderlein.

Enderlein, Ann. Mus. Nat. Hung., I, p. 276, Taf. VII, fig. 43, 1903.

Karny, Bull. Ent. Res., XVI, p. 290, 1926.

Upolu: Malololelei, 2,000 feet, 25.xi.1924, 2 dried specimens; Apia,

17.v.1924, 1 specimen in spirit.

The type of C. novoguineensis was obtained in New Guinea, and the species

was subsequently recorded by myself (Joc. cit.) as occurring in Fiji.

PSOCOPTERA.

LIST OF TEXT-FIGURES.

Zorotypus buatoni, sp. n. Antenna from first to sixth joint (above) ; labial palp

(left) ; maxillary palp (below) ; cercus (right).

. Nepticulomima biroiana (Enderlein). Front and hind wings; the dotted line in the

hind wing indicates an anomalous cross-vein, present in one specimen.

. Lepidopsocus hopkinsi, sp.n. Front and hind wings.

. Echmepteryx desquamata, sp. n. Front and hind wings.

. Pteroxaniella bifurcata, gen. et sp. n. Front wing (diagrammatic).

. Phloiodes samoanus, sp. n. Ramification of median vein of front wing (above) ; hind

wing (centre) ; and hind tarsus (below).

. Philotarsus samoanus, sp. un. Front and hind wing, and leg.

. Mepleres submarginalis, sp. n. Front wing.

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

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INSECTS OF SAMOA

AND OTHER SAMOAN TERRESTRIAL

ARTHROPODA

LIST OF PARTS AND SYSTEM OF PUBLICATION :—

Part [. Orthoptera and Dermaptera.

, Ll. Hemiptera.

»» lll. Lepidoptera.

» 1V. Coleoptera.

pe V. Hymenoptera.

Ass Diptera.

» WII. Other Orders of Insects.

, WII. Terrestrial Arthropoda other than Insects.

1X. Summary and Index.

The work is published at intervals in the form of numbered fascicles.

Although individual fascicles may contain contributions by more than one

author, each fascicle is so arranged as to form an integral portion of one or

2 (in envelope).

Part I.

Fasc. 1.

other of the Paris specified above.

List of Fascicles issued to 27th February, 1932 :—

Insects of Samoa and other Samoan Terrestrial Arthropoda. Maps I and Date Issued.

1927, 4to. 6d. 26th February, 1927.

ORTHOPTERA AND DERMAPTERA.

Dermapiera.

By Dr. Alfredo Borelli. Pp. 1-8. 1928, 4to. Is: 28th July, 1928.

- Fase. 2. Orthoptera. By Dr.L. Chopard. 51 text-figures. Pp.9-58. 1929,4to. 5s. 26th January, 1929.

Part II.

Fase. |.

HEMIPTERA.

Fulgoroidea.

Prof. D.

By F.Muir. 25 text-figures. Psyllide (Chermide). By

L. Crawford. 4 text-figures. Coccide, Aphidide and Aleyrodide.

By F. Laing, MA., BSc. 3 text-figures. Pp. 1-45. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d. 25th June, 1927.

aed ze haese

Myers,

Pp. 81-162

Part III.

Fasc. |.

Hopkins, M.A., F.E.S

Fase apie Lepicopte re: By Edward Meyrick, B.A., F.R.S, Pp. 65-116.

Fasc.

Pp. 11

ide. By V. Lallemand, M.D. 10 text-figures. Cicadide. By

c.D. 22 text-figures. Aquatic and Semi-aquatic Heteroptera.

by Sot Teiso Esaki.

.3. Het

eB, ee

6 text-fgures. Pp.47-80. 1928. 4to. 2s. 6d. 23rd June, 1928.

By W. E. China, B.A. (Cantab.). 28 iext-figures.

LEPIDOPTERA.

Butterflies of Samoa and some neighbouring Island-groups. By G.H.E.

7-168

2s. 6d.

2h, Sa a pe B. Prout, F ES. 2 text-figures and | plate. 24th March, 1928.

1 text-figure and 4 plates. Pp. 1-64. 1927, 4to. 5s. 9th April, 1927.

28th May, 1927.

Part IV. CoLEoPTERA.

Fasc. |. Carabide. By H. E. Azdreves “ text-figures. Dytiscide:. By A.

immermann. 2 Neues oy hylinide. By M. Cameron, M.B. 2 text-

gures. Hydrophilide. rchymont. hy text-fi ee Clavicornia ae

Lamellicornia. By G. J. tei 13 text-hgures, Pp. 1927, 4to.

Fasc, 2: Heteromera, Bodiochoiden Malacodermata and Borie By K. G.

} Blair, B.Sc. text-figures. Elateride. By R. H. van Zwaluwenberg. 10

text-h ures. ees {vena By E. Fleutiaux. Cerambycide. By

ea ee ie late. Brenthide. By R. Kleine. 4 text-figures.

Rothe Kat. ordan, Ph.D. 11 text-figures. Proterhinide. By

R. C. EL. Se pe ‘RS. Pp. 67-174. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 3. Throscide. By K. G. Blair, B.Sc. 1. text-figure. Ch somelides:

By S. Maulik, M.A. 18 text-Aigures. Pp. 175-215. 1929, to. ss Od. i):

Fase. 4. Platypodidae and Scolytidae. By C. F. C. Beeson, DSc 1B text

figures. Pp. 217-248. 1929, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 5. Curculionidae. By Sir Guy ena C.M.G., DSc., FRS, 31 text-

figures. Pp. 249-346. 1931, 4to. 5s. }

Part V. HYMENOPTERA.

2 1. Apoidea, Sphecoidea, and Vespoidea. By RiGoL “peabae DSc.,

By Francis X. Williams. 12 text-fieures. Formicide. By Dr. F. Santschi.

9 text-figures. Pp. 1-58. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Parr VI. DupTera.

Fase. 1. Streblide and Nycteribiide. By L. Falcoz. 7. text-figures. ipa

boscidae By G. F. Ferris. 6 text-figures. Pp. 1-21. 1927, 4to. 2s. 6d.

Fasc. 2. Nematocera. ByF.W.Edwards,M.A. 20text-figures. Cecidomyiine.

By H. F. Barnes, B.A.. Ph.D. 4 text-figures. Pp. 23-108. 1928, 4to. 5s.

Fasc. 3. Stratiomynde, Tabanide and Eas By Gertrude Ricardo. 6 text-

Dolichopodide. By C. G. Lamb, seb! “8 text-figures. ik Mi By

P. A. Buxton n, M.A. 9 text-figures. Muscide. By J. R Malloch.

Pp. 109-175. 1929, 4to. 5s.

’ Fase. 4. Ee aha and Be By 5: E. Collin. | 7 teutcbeeee: j

List of Fascicles issued to 27th February, 1932 Kenton a

‘Dae le i

| Oth Decenhen 1927. ‘ :

25th February, 1928.

23rd February, 1929.

22nd June, 1929.

)

25th February, 1928.

‘PBrd Jala OQ ia

23rd June, 1928.

th May, 1929,

Syrphidae. By Frank text-figures. Clusiidae (Heteroneuridac)

vie eee Bet ry Malick 6 text-figures. Pp. 177-213. 1929,

to .

J. R. Mailoch. Pp. 215-237. 1930, 4to. 2s.

Fasc. 6. lLonchaeidae, Chloropidae and Piophilidae. By IL. R. Malloch. 3

text-figures. Pp. 239-251. 1930, 4to. Is.

Fasc. 7. Trypetidae: By J. R. Malloch. eieeoac BY 253-266. ‘1931, Ato. Is.

Part VII. OtHer OrpeERS OF men

Fasc. |. Isoptera : Deed ee By Gerald F. ae 14 ones and

| plate. Odonata. By Lt.-Col. F. “taser, fhe F.E.S. 5 text-figures.

Pp. 1-44. 1927, 4to. 2s, 6d.

Fasc. 2. Plectoptera. By a J. Tillyard, ScD. Ge nia): ie RS, and J. A.

Lestage. 2 text-figures. ae tera. ByP A

By Richard Bagnall, F. Ree ES: 6 text-figures. Pp. B16 1928, 4to.

can 7. ia an By dj: Waterson, DSc. 2 text-{t res. noplack: By

Buxton, ‘Trichoptera. y Martin E. Mosely. 1 figure.

Neue By P. Esben-Petersen. 1 text- gure an plates. iWpteryenta:

By George H. Gis DSc. 32text-figures. Pp.77-116. 1928. 4to. 2s, 6d.

bri 4. Psocoptera. By Dr. H. H. Kary. 8 ‘text-figures. Pp. W7129.

Part VIII. Ateneereraar pad ae OTHER THAN INSECTS.

Fasc. 5. Ortalidae. By J. R. Malloch. textfigures. Calliphoridee. By |

uxton, !\ Thysano tera. |

Bard Jee, ae

“21th July, 1929.

22nd March, | 930,

— 22nd November: 1930.

28th November, 193 a

28¢h July, 1928.

| 21th Febraary 1932, i"

Fasc. 1. Isopeda Terrestria. By Harold G. Jackson, DSc, 2 plates: - Scor- 3 |

pionoidea. By P. A. Buxton, M.A. Pseudo-scorpiones. By A. Kastner.

ee ‘Acarina. By Stanley Hirst, 2 text-figures, Pp. 1-27. ‘1927,

to. S.

Fasc, 2. _Myriopoden (Myrdesiay By C Attems, 4 text-figures. Ayawenee

(Araneida). By Dr. Lucien Berland. 79 toa etter. Pp. 29-78, begs Ato. 2s, 6d.

Part IX. Summary AND INDEX.

Fasc. 1. Description of the Environment. By P. A. Buxton, MRC, S. ai

text-figures and 6 plates. Be Ifere th 1930, a as 6d.

Dhid Jal, ITA

2nd | Tune, 1929, ys ; i

‘Dad November, 1930.

25th April, 1931 : wan