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ISSN 1713-7845

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OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS

2010-2011

President: H. FRASER

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Canadian Forest Service, Great Lakes Forestry Centre,

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FELLOWS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

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FREEMAN MCEWEN

JESO Volume 142,201]

LIBRZS,.

JOURNAL RARY

of the YAN 18 2919

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTA RVARD

VOLUME 142 2011

lam honored to be the new Editor of JESO. It is a privilege to serve the Entomological

Society of Ontario and its venerable scientific Journal in this way. I sincerely thank the

previous Editor, Miriam Richards, for her good work over the past six years, in particular

overseeing the transformation to electronic publishing. Since 2005 authors have received

a free pdf version of their paper for electronic distribution, which I hope has increased the

visibility of their work to their satisfaction.

I have greatly depended upon the Associate Editors Andy Bennett, Neil Carter,

Jeff Skevington, and the unofficial help of Cynthia Scott-Dupree and Kevin Barber. They

found knowledgeable reviewers and sometimes reviewed manuscripts themselves. Their

comments to the Editor were summarized in critical and constructive ways that made my

work easier and improved the quality of manuscripts. Jess Vickruck, the new technical

editor, has quickly and efficiently provided proofs and made changes as needed. Grateful

thanks are extended to all of them for their excellent work and advice.

Beginning next year page charges will be dropped in the hope that this will increase

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familiarizing myself with the editorial process.

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on Ontario insects. JESO is an admirable vehicle for these publications, emphasizing but

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deliberately been introduced into the province or have arrived on their own, and they keep

coming. Several of the articles in this Volume treat alien species recently found in Ontario

or likely soon to establish residence here. Alien insects, wanted or not, arriving in Ontario

present yet another opportunity and reason to publish in JESO.

John T. Huber

Editor

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Effect of harvest on parasitism in L. lineolaris & A. lineolatus —JESO Volume 142, 2011

EFFECT OF HARVEST ON EUPHORINE

(HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) PARASITISM OF

LYGUS LINEOLARIS AND ADELPHOCORIS LINEOLATUS

(HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) IN ALFALFA

P. G. MASON', H. GOULET AND N. BOSTANIAN?

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Research Centre,

960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6

email: peter.mason@agr.gc.ca

Abstract Jxent. Soc:/Ont, 142:3210

Effective biological control of Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris lineolatus

depends on the availability of appropriate host stages to sustain populations

of euphorine parasitoids which are important in reducing pest populations.

In Quebec alfalfa, crops are cut 2-4 times during the summer season, yet

how this affects the host and parasitoid populations is poorly understood. A

3-year study conducted from 2000-2002 in southern Quebec demonstrated

that overall, abundance of susceptible host stages (N2+N3) in cut alfalfa were

less than half of those collected in uncut alfalfa, even after 4-5 weeks when

the cut crop reached the same height as the uncut crop. Parasitism levels of

N4+N5 nymphs in the cut crop were usually less than those in the uncut crop,

although on several sampling dates the reverse was observed. Numbers of

adult L. lineolaris and A. lineolatus were always lower immediately after

harvest in the cut crop but numbers increased in the following weeks to

equal those collected in the uncut crop. These results suggest that periodic

harvest of alfalfa reduces available host stages for parasitism and subsequent

levels of parasitism but does not cause elimination of parasitoid populations.

Furthermore, dispersing adults likely contributed to an increase in abundance

of susceptible host stages after habitat modification, thereby sustaining

parasitoid populations.

Published December 2011

Introduction

Effective biological control of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) and Adelphocoris

lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) depends on the availability of appropriate

‘Author to-whom all correspondence should be addressed.

?Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada, Centre de recherche, 430 boulevard Gouin, Saint-

Jean-sur-Richelieu, QC, Canada J3B 3E6

and Agri-Food Canada.

Mason et al, JESO Volume 142, 2011

host stages to sustain populations of euphorine parasitoids such as native species of the

Peristenus mellipes complex and the introduced Peristenus digoneutis Loan (Hymenoptera:

Braconidae) (Day 2005), Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L, (Fabaceae), is an important reservoir

for Lygus spp, and its euphorine parasitoids (Mueller et al, 2005; Seymour et al, 2005;

Pickett et al, 2009), and management of alfalfa, as a main crop or as a trap crop, influences

pest numbers in adjacent crops such as cotton and strawberries (Godfrey and Leigh 1994;

Pansa and Tavella 2009; Pickett et al, 2007, 2009), In alfalfa, crops are typically cut 2-4

times during the summer season, Although cutting may or may not result in mass migration

of Lygus to adjacent crops (Poston and Pedigo 1975; Stolz and McNeal 1982; Carcamo et

al, 2003; Demirel and Cranshaw 2006), how cutting affects the natural enemy populations is

poorly understood, The effects of cutting alfalfa on host and predator populations have been -

studied (Rakickas and Watson 1974; Schaber et al, 1990; Godfrey and Leigh 1994) but no

study was found that documents the effects of cutting on parasitoid populations, This study

compared populations of L, /ineolaris and A, lineolatus in cut and uncut alfalfa to determine

the effect of harvest on the availability of susceptible host stages for parasitism and levels

of parasitism in a managed crop system,

Materials and Methods

A 3-year study was conducted trom 2000-2002 in southern Quebec at the

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Farm near Sainte-Clotilde-de-Chateauguay

(45, 15°N 73.67°W), In each year, weekly samples consisting of 200 180°-are sweeps were

taken from a 2-ha field beginning in early May (2001 and 2002) or mid June (2000) until

first frost in late September, At first harvest, the first or second week of June, half of the

field was cut and the other half was left as uncut, Samples were taken from cut and uncut

parts until the next harvest at which time the previously uncut portion was cut and the

treatments reversed, Each half of the field was cut twice during the season, Each sample was

aspirated into plastic vials using a Hausherr’s Machine Works” power aspirator, labeled,

and placed in a cooler, In the laboratory, for each sample, species and nymphal instars

(NI-NS5) were documented and parasitism levels determined by dissecting individuals of

each instar, Due to manpower limitations, rearing of sub-samples of parasitized hosts were

not done, however, a parallel study (Goulet and Mason 2006) conducted during the same

years provided information on the euphorine parasitoid species present.

Analysis of variance using PROC GLM and LSD means comparisons were

performed using the SAS statistical package (SAS 2008), Comparisons were made within

each year and among years of mean weekly counts and mean parasitism of L, /ineolaris

and A. /ineolatus populations in cut and uncut portions of the field, Data were normalized

by using the log (x+1) transformation for plant bug counts and the square root of percent

parasitism values,

Results and Discussion

For L. /ineolaris, mean numbers per week did not differ between cut and uncut

alfalfa in 2000, although values in cut alfalfa were lower, but did differ in 2001 and 2002

Effect of harvest on parasitism in L. lineolaris & A. lineolatus JESO Volume 142, 2011

TABLE 1. Mean number per week (+SE) of N2+N3, N4+NS, and adult Lygus lineolaris and

Adelphocoris lineolatus, and mean % parasitism (+SE) of N4+N5 in cut and uncut alfalfa

near Sainte-Clotilde-de-Chateauguay, QC in 2000, 2001, and 2002.

2000 2001 2002

uncut cut uncut cut uncut cut

Lygus lineolaris

N2+N3 ZR -O) "3:60054) S17 O47) 453.2) 20.5 (6.6) 1.4 (0.8)

N4+N5 ASA (11-6) 22:9(6.1) 91.3 G6.7) 23:7 (43,5)..87.1 (36.3) 9.8(G.3)

Adult 72.7 (24.5) 29.6 (8.7) 83.9(19.0) 34.7(17.1) 49.4 (16.0) 22.8 (8.3)

% parasitism of N4+NS5 22.7 (5.7) 15.5 (5.7) 22.5(5.2) 20.2(9.1) 22.4(8.4) 29.3 (19.2)

Adelphocoris lineolatus

N2+N3 AAS) ee) «= 2). -0.840:4), 72(1.9) . -4.3592:5)

N4+N5 Seer hy ley Our) VE2S.4). 13:7 Ga = 282 (728)... 46.147.7)

Adult 19{3:6)' SQA) 33.164) NSGd) 28491) 9668)

% parasitism of N4+N5 3.6(2.3) 1.7(1.4) 10.5 (6.6) 12(0.8) 6.9(2.0) 10.5 (9.0)

(Table 1). In both 2001 and 2002 significantly more N2+N3 (2001—F , ,..=5.88, P=0.0223;

2002—F ,, y= 12.16, P=0.0014) and adults (2001—F , ,,=8.54, P=0.0069: 2002—F, ag ee

P=0.0415) occurred in the uncut alfalfa compared to the cut alfalfa. Overall, mean numbers

of N2+N3, N4+N5, and adults did not differ significantly among years in the uncut and

cut alfalfa, except numbers of N4+N5 were significantly higher (F,, ,.=3.51, P=0.0396) in

the cut alfalfa in 2000 compared to 2002 (Table 1). There were no significant differences

(P>0.05) in parasitism (N4+NS) of L. dineolaris between cut and uncut alfalfa in each year

and among years for either cut or uncut alfalfa (Table 1).

For A. lineolatus, mean numbers per week did not differ significantly between

cut and uncut alfalfa in 2000 but did differ in 2001 and 2002 (Table 1). In 2001 mean

numbers of adults were significantly higher in the cut alfalfa compared to the uncut alfalfa

(F., 375-85, P=0.0207) and in 2002 numbers of N2+N3 were significantly higher in the

uncut than cut alfalfa (F,, ,.=5.88, P=0.0223). Mean numbers of nymphs and adults were

not significantly different among years, except N2+N3 numbers which were significantly

lower in the uncut alfalfa (Foy tO P=0.0136) in 2001 compared to 2002 (Table 1).

There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in parasitism of N4+N5 between cut and

uncut alfalfa in each year and among years for either cut or uncut alfalfa (Table 1).

In all three years, for both L. lineolaris and A. lineolatus, numbers of susceptible

host stages (N2+N3) collected weekly in cut alfalfa were less than half of those collected in

uncut alfalfa, even after 4-5 weeks when the cut crop reached the same height as the uncut

crop (Figures 1 and 2). This was anticipated since cutting destroys eggs and reduces the

food source for nymphs, many of which die, and adults, which migrate out of the crop (Lim

and Stewart 1976) leading to time delays as adults re-colonize and rebuild these cohorts.

Numbers of adults were always lower immediately after harvest in the cut crop but numbers

increased in the following weeks, in some cases to levels similar to (e.g., for L. /ineolaris,

weeks 10 and 19 in 2000, week 11 in 2001 and week 19 in 2002; for A. lineolatus, week 19

in 2000, and week 11 in 2001) or higher (e.g., for L. Jineolaris, week 15 in 2000, week 15 in

2001, and week 14 in 2002; for A. lineolatus, week 10 in 2000, week 15 in 2001, and week

14 in 2002) than those in the uncut crop (Figures 1 and 2). Several studies have shown that

JESO Volume 142, 2011

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Mason et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011

alfalfa is more attractive to pest species (L. hesperus Knight, L. lineolaris, L. rugulipennis

Poppius) than are other crops and wildflower species in and around agro-ecosystems

(Jackson 2003; Demirel et al. 2005; Mueller et al. 2005; Demirel and Cranshaw 2006;

Pansa and Tavella 2009), so immigration from surrounding areas is expected. In contrast,

parasitism of L. /ineolaris in traditionally managed alfalfa was lower than in weedy habitat

(Lim and Stewart 1976). Thus, nearby weedy habitats may serve as refuges for parasitoids

and generalist species such as L. /ineolaris, from which plant bug and parasitoid individuals

re-invade the alfalfa crop.

Although Day (2007) argued that the most accurate measure of parasitism is

achieved by assessing the N4 stage (earlier stages can still be attacked and parasitoid larvae

egress from the N5 stage), we assessed the N4+NS5 cohort because we concluded this better

represented parasitism levels in our study. We consistently found parasitoid larvae in N5

hosts and believe that N5 hosts from which parasitoids had egressed would still be alive and

show evidence of parasitoids (holes) allowing us to determine that they had been parasitized.

In our study, parasitism levels of N4+NS5 nymphs in the cut crop were usually less than in

the uncut crop, although on a very few sampling dates the reverse was observed (Figures

| and 2). Collection of parasitized N4+NS5 nymphs in the cut crop suggests that harvest

does not eliminate all individuals and more of this cohort survives than of the younger

cohort (N2+N3). This may be due to the larger size of the N4+NS5 individuals or behavioural

changes induced by the parasitoids. In other systems it has been shown that parasitized hosts

move down the plant to avoid hyperparasitism or to seek pupation sites (see Brodeur and

McNeil 1989, 1992; Pivnick 1993). Whatever the mechanism, the occurrence of parasitized

nymphs in the cut alfalfa provides for a continuum of parasitoids.

Our results are similar to the findings for plant bug predators. Godfrey and Leigh

(1994) looked at the effects of cutting on populations of the predators Orius tristicolor

(White), Geocoris pallens Stal, G. punctipes (Say), Nabis alternatus Parshley and N.

americoferus (Carayon) (Hemiptera: Miridae) and found that all of these highly mobile

species persisted in significantly higher numbers, as did those of the pest L. hesperus,

in alfalfa strip-cut every 28 days compared to alfalfa entirely cut every 28 days. The

significantly higher numbers of L. hesperus in the strip-cut alfalfa compared to the entire-

cut crop suggests that strip-cut alfalfa will retain pest individuals whereas complete cutting

will result in adult migration to other crops.

The importance of parasitism, particularly by P. digoneutis, in reducing pest

populations of L. /ineolaris has been documented by Day (2005). Goulet and Mason (2006)

reported six euphorine parasitoids associated with L. /ineolaris and A. lineolatus from

the study area. Among those associated with L. /ineolaris are the introduced bivoltine P.

digoneutis, the native univoltine P. mellipes (Cresson) and P. pseudopallipes Loan, and the

native bivoltine Leiophron lygivorus (Loan). Two species, P. dayi Goulet and P. rubricollis

(Thomson), both of which are univoltine, are rarely associated with L. /ineolaris, their main

host being A. /ineolatus. The proportion of P. digoneutis relative to L. lygivorus, P. mellipes,

P. pseudopallipes, and P. dayi increased from <1% in 1998 to 62% in 2002 (Goulet and

Mason 2006). Thus, management strategies that conserve hosts for parasitism will facilitate

regulation of pest species populations and spread of biological control agents such as P.

digoneutis, first released in northern New Jersey (Day et al. 1990) and now established in

southern Quebec (Broadbent et al. 1999) and still dispersing.

Effect of harvest on parasitism in L. lineolaris & A. lineolatus JESO Volume 142, 2011

Conclusions

These results suggest that periodic cutting of alfalfa reduces available host stages

for parasitism and reduces levels of parasitism but does not eliminate parasitoid populations.

Furthermore, dispersing adults likely speed up the increase in abundance of susceptible host

stages after habitat modification, thereby sustaining parasitoid populations.

Acknowledgements

The technical assistance of Caroline Boudreault, Jake Miall, Mike Sarazin, Ana

Maria Farmakis, Lynn Black and Ahmed Badiss is greatly appreciated.

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Ontario 130: 109-111.

Brodeur, J. and McNeil, J. N. 1989. Seasonal microhabitat selection by an endoparasitoid

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Brodeur, J. and McNeil, J. N. 1992. Host behavior modification by the endoparasitoid

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Day, W. H. 2005. Changes in abundance of native and introduced parasites (Hymenoptera:

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Seymour, L. M., Mowry, T. M., Day, W. H. and Barbour, J. D. 2005. Parasitism of Lygus spp.

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region of the Pacific Northwest. Journal of Insect Science 5: 44, available online:

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Stoltz, R. L. and McNeal Jr., C. D. 1982. Assessment of insect emigration from alfalfa hay

to bean fields. Environmental Entomology 11: 578-580.

New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011

a VONMIME. 192, 20

NEW RECORDS OF EUROPEAN WIREWORM PESTS AND

OTHER CLICK BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE) IN

CANADA AND USA

H. DOUGLAS

Entomology, Ottawa Plant Laboratories, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Building 18,

960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6

email: hume.douglas@inspection.gce.ca

Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 11-17

The predatory wireworm Hemicrepidius niger (L.) is newly reported from

North America (Canada: Ontario and New Brunswick). The agricultural pest

species Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius) is newly recorded from North

America (Canada: Ontario and USA: Massachusetts). New provincial and

state records are reported for the Palaearctic agricultural pest species Agriotes

lineatus (L.) (USA: Massachusetts and Canada: Prince Edward Island) and

Agriotes obscurus (L.) (Canada: Prince Edward Island). New national,

provincial or state records are listed for 14 native North American species.

Published December 2011

Introduction

North America is home to about 1000 described species of Elateridae (Johnson

2002), which include important invasive alien crop pests. Of nine species listed as

introduced into USA (Johnson 2002) and Canada (Majka and Johnson 2008), six are known

pests, namely: Agriotes lineatus (L.), the Lined Click Beetle (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et

al. 2008); A. obscurus (L.), the Dusky Wireworm (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et al. 2008); A.

sputator (L.) (Gratwick 1992; Traugott et al. 2008); Conoderus amplicollis (Gyllenhal), the

Gulf Wireworm (Stone 1975); C. falli (Lane), the Potato Wireworm (Dobrovsky 1953); and

C. exsul Sharp, the Sugarcane Wireworm (Williams 1931). This work presents the discovery

of two additional species of adventive Elateridae in North America, one of which can be

considered a pest species, and new findings of established pest species in Massachusetts and

Prince Edward Island. New provincial and state records are provided for 13 native species.

Specimens are deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and

Nematodes (CNCI), Ottawa, and other collections or with collectors, as indicated under

each species.

Douglas JESO Volume 142, 2011

Results

First records of new exotic species in North America

Hemicrepidius niger (L.)

In 2008 a single specimen of the Eurasian elaterid Hemicrepidius niger (L.) was

collected from Claireville Conservation Area near Brampton Ontario, during the Canadian

Food Inspection Agency’s (CFIA) trapping survey for invasive alien pests. Confirmation

of the identity of this specimen was made by S. Laplante and H. Mendel. Finding this

species, a putative crop pest wireworm, in North America caused initial concern that it

might become an agricultural pest.

Subsequent fieldwork was conducted in June 2009 to assess the presence,

abundance, and geographical extent of the population at the site. A collecting effort of 22

person-hours of beating and sweeping, plus five blacklight-traps (set for one night) was

conducted over two days within three km of the original detection site. This effort yielded

two additional specimens of H. niger. Conditions were sunny with high temperatures of

30—32°C, preceded by 1-2 weeks of cooler rainy weather. Insect catches were generally

low. Finding these three specimens within a one-km radius over two years suggests the

existence of a reproducing population of H. niger. In 2010, two additional specimens of

this species were recovered from CFIA traps near St. John, New Brunswick. The findings in

New Brunswick were 21 km from each other and 1100 km from the Ontario site, suggesting

that H. niger is established in at least two separate agricultural regions of Canada.

The larval stage of H. niger was thought to be a root pest of vegetables, grains,

forage crops, and possibly tree seedlings. However, recent stable-isotope analysis of this

species at 11 sites in Austria and Germany indicates that it acts as a predator in its native

range (Traugott et al. 2008), and is therefore likely beneficial or not important to plant

production. This suggests that H. niger will not become a crop pest in North America, but it

is unknown what impact this predator could have on soil-dwelling animals.

Label data.': “Canada, ON, Toronto,/ Claireville CA. 17T/ 0608674W 4844539N/

23.vi.[20]08 funnel nr. Populus/ Chin & Fok CFIA08-3149”; “Canada, ON, Brampton,/

Claireville CA. 43.754° N 79.64°/ W 22.vi. [20]09 beating/ Salix H.Douglas”; and “Canada,

ON, Brampton,/ Claireville CA. 43.747° N 79.646°/ W 23.vi. [20]09 AM on Asclepias

H.Douglas”; “Canada, NB,/ Quispamsis, 45.467°N/ -65.937°W 16.vii.2010./ EAB sticky./

K.L.Richard CFIA10-02200”; and “Canada, NB, Rockwood/ Pk. campground,/ 45.292°N

-66.050°W/ 16.vii.2010. EAB sticky/. K.L.Richard CFIA10-02201”.

Recognition. Hemicrepidius niger is a shiny, black or brown elaterid, 10—13 mm long with

long pale pubescence dorsally. This species can be distinguished from all North American

Hemicrepidius by the lack of posterior emarginations of the hypomera (that of H. niger

resembles Fig. 8 in Johnson 2002). Because of this difference, identification of H. niger

specimens using Johnson’s (2002) key to North American genera of Elateridae should lead

readers to genus Athous. This apparent error is because Johnson’s key was not designed to

diagnose non-North American members of these morphologically similar genera.

' A ‘/’ in quoted label data indicates a line break.

New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011

Individuals attempting to identify specimens of H. niger and A. haemorrhoidalis

using Becker’s (1979) key to North American Athous will follow the path from couplet |

directly to couplet 35. This is because these two species lack the triangular frontal depression

_(i.e., posterior to the supra-antennal carina) that would lead users to couplet 2. Otherwise

the somewhat elevated frontal carina (supra-antennal carina) of 4. haemorrhoidalis and

moderately long antennomere 2 of both species would make interpretation of couplet

ambiguous. At couplet 35, both can be distinguished from all subsequent species by the

following combination of characters: elytral colour uniform (patterned in some species),

and lobes of 3“ tarsal segments reaching to apical half of 4" tarsal segments (not reaching

as far in any of the other species [Becker 1979, Leseigneur 1972]). The supra-antennal

carina of A. haemorrhoidalis is also straight across the head in anteroventral view (this

carina is depressed medially in most other species beyond couplet 35). Hemicrepidius niger

can be distinguished from 4. haemorrhoidalis by its broad antennomere 3, which is most

similar in shape and rough texture to antennomere 4 (most like the shape and smoothness of

antennomere 2 in A. haemorrhoidalis). Additionally, the apices of the aedeagal parameres

are pointed in H. niger and rounded in A. haemorrhoidalis.

Detailed, illustrated taxonomic information is available in Jagemann (1955),

Leseigneur (1972), and Platia (1994).

Athous haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius)

The author examined two specimens of the European species Athous

haemorrhoidalis (Fabricius), identified by Serge Laplante. A third specimen of this species

was found in CFIA insect survey material. These three Ontario specimens represent the first

records from Canada. This species is an apparent pest of below-ground parts of crop and

forage plants in its native range (Gratwick 1992), indicating that it could also become a pest

in North America.

Detailed images of additional specimens of A. haemorrhoidalis were found on

the internet (Harvard University 2010). A specimen from Boston Harbour Islands National

Recreation Area in Massachusetts represents the first record of this pest species from USA.

The specimen shown on this website bears an identification label by Serge Laplante, and

the diagnostic characters of A. haemorrhoidalis were clearly visible in the photographs.

Although this record is publicly available on the internet, this paper represents the first

published record of A. haemorrhoidalis from USA in the scientific literature. The presence

of specimens of A. haemorrhoidalis at four sites in each of three regions separated from

each other by 400 to 700 km suggests that reproducing populations of this species may be

established in North America.

Label data. “ONT. Ottawa/ 6.vi.2003/ J. R. Vockeroth”; “Damp second/ growth Acer-/

Betula wood”; same data except date is: 8.vi.2003; “Canada, ON, Toronto,/ Sunnybrook

Park 17T 0632469/ E 4842151 N 4.vi.2007. funnel./ Harvey & Chin CFIA07-1246”; “USA:

MA, Plymouth, World’s/ End, (WE-MAL-1 11.06)/ (42°15°39.7°N, 70°52 14.5" W/ 6-13 vi

2006, malaise trap/ coll. J. Rykken”. In addition to the World’s End Island record, the same

database reports additional specimens from nearby Ragged Island, with four specimens

recorded in total.

Recognition. Athous haemorrhoidalis is a shiny, black or brown elaterid, 10-15 mm long

with pale pubescence dorsally. Diagnostic characters are described above in the treatment

. Douglas JESO Volume 142, 2011

of H. niger. Detailed, illustrated taxonomic information can be found in Leseigneur (1972)

and Platia (1994).

Additional records of exotic species already known from North America

Agriotes lineatus (L.)

Agriotes lineatus is an important crop pest in Europe (Gratwick 1992; Traugott

et al. 2008), and is a probable pest in western Canada (Vernon and Pats 1997). The known

distribution of this species in North America is Canada: British Columbia, Newfoundland,

Nova Scotia (Becker 1956), Prince Edward Island (present study) and USA: Massachusetts

(present study), Washington, and Oregon (LeGasa et al. 2006).

Label data. “USA: MA, Suffolk, Thompson/ Island, (TH-BLITZ 10.06)/ 42°19’2”N,

71°0°31”°W/ 10 vi 2006/ BLITZ # 185-1” (det. by S. Laplante). Identity verified through

photographs on internet (Harvard University 2010). In addition to the Thompson Island

record, the same database reports additional specimens from nearby Bumpkin Island, Calf

Island, and Snake Island (ten specimens). “CANADA, PE,/ Hazelbrook, 6 June 2007, C.

Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Crossroads, 11 July 2007, C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/

China Point, 27 June 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Mermaid, 20 June 2007,/ C.

Noronha” (17 specimens, 2 in CNCI, remainder returned to C. Noronha).

Agriotes obscurus (L.)

This species has been found to be a plant pest affecting a wide variety of crops in

its native range (Traugott et al. 2008). It is native to much of Northern Eurasia and was first

collected in North America in Nova Scotia ca. 1859 (Becker 1956). Newly recorded here

for Prince Edward Island.

Label data. “CANADA, PE,/ Crossroads, 6 June 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/

Lake Verde, 12 June 2007,/ C. Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Hazelbrook, 4 July 2007,/ C.

Noronha”; “CANADA, PE,/ Victoria, 12 June 2007,/ C. Noronha” (10 specimens, 2 in

CNCI, remainder returned to C. Noronha)..

New records of native North American species

Agriotes collaris (LeConte). New to Colorado and West Virginia (2 specimens, Colorado

State University Collection): “Pike Co. CO/ 26 May 1996/ B. Kondratieff/

Kleinhans Cr./ Cypress Lane”; “Pocahontas Co. WV/ 24 May 1994/ Kondratieff &

Fitzgerald, headwaters/ Sugar Cr., FS Rd. 76”.

Agriotes fucosus (LeConte). New to Colorado and Nebraska (4 specimens, Colorado

State University Collection): “Blaine Co., NE/ 13 June 2000/ B. Kondratieff/ &

R. Zuellig/ N. Loup R., CR1”; “Ft. Collins Col.. 6/4/[18]99”; “Colo/ 1887”; “Ft.

Collins/ Col 5-13-[19]10”.

Ampedus rubricollis (Herbst). New to Louisiana (1 specimen at CNCI, 2 returned to N.

Schiff): 1X “LA: Grant Parish,/ Iatt Lake Bottomlands/ 30 Mi. N. of Alexandria/

1-15 May 1998/ A. Brazel, N. Schiff’ and 2X LA: “Grant Parish,/ Iatt Lake

Bottomlands/ 30 Mi. N. of Alexandria/ 15 April-May 7 1998/A. Brazel, N. Schiff”.

New to Missouri (2 specimens, returned to N. Schiff): “MO: Reynolds Co./ Deer

Run State Forest/ Intersect Rd. 1 and Rd 9/ 30 May 30 June 2006/ R.J. Marquis,

N. Schiff”.

New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011

Ampedus sayi (LeConte). New to Missouri (1 specimen, returned to N. Schiff): “MO:

Reynolds Co./ Deer Run State Forest/ Intersect Rd. 1 and Rd 9/ 30 May-30 June

2006/ R.J. Marquis, N. Schiff”.

Athous aterrimus Fall. New to Canada and Alberta (5 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, AB, Ft.

McMurray,/ tar sands, A site, 7.vii.[20]05, Lindgren w./ UHR EtOH & conophthorin.

Trap 16./ CFIA 05-3121 Alejos & Solomone”. This is a surprising extension

because A. aterrimus was previously only known from Oregon and California

(Giant Forest). The specimens from Alberta match the diagnostic characters for

this species (Becker 1979) and specimens at CNCI. The most distinctive observed

shared characteristics include a pair of pubescence convergence points on the male

abdominal ventrite 5 and aedeagal morphology (long phallobase; and short broad

paramere blades apical to abrupt emarginations). The only observed difference

between the Alberta series and the CNCI A. aterrimus specimens is the shape of the

paramere blades (convex throughout vs. concave in the midsection, respectively).

Until further taxonomic research is done, it seems best to consider these specimens

as belonging to A. aterrimus.

Athous ornatipennis (LeConte). New to Missouri (1 specimen, CNCI): “MO: St. Louis Co./

Tyson Research Station/ W. Ridge Rd., Eureka/ 38.31°N, 90.33°W/ 1-10 April

2007 MT/ R. Marquis, N. Schiff’.

Athous productus (Randall). New to Alberta (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, AB, Ft./

McMurray, tar sands,/ Syncrude, 23.vi.[20]05,/ Lindgren w. UHR EtOH &/ alpha

pinene. Trap 14./ 05-2033. Alejos &/ Solomone” and “Canada, AB, Ft./ McMurray,

tar sands, Suncor, 9.VI.[20]05, Lindgren/ w. ipsenol & ipsdienol./ Trap 6. Alejos

and/ Saomone”’.

Esthesopus claricollis (Say). New to Canada (Ontario) (1 specimen, University of Guelph

Insect Collection): “ONT: Kent Co., Rondeau P./ P., Group Campground, /

42°17°35”N 81°50’52”W/ Carol forest malaise/black light, 20-22 Jul 2004, S.M.

Paiero, DEBU01140539”.

Hypnoidus rivularius (Gyll.). New to Alberta (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, AB,

Ft./ McMurray, tar sands,/ Suncor, 9.VI.[20]05, Lindgren/ w. UHR EtoH &/

salicylaldehyde. Trap 1./ Alejos and Saomone”; and “Canada, AB, Ft./ McMurray,

tar sands, B/ site, 9. VI.[05], Lindgren w./ UHR EtoH &/ Salicylaldehyde. Trap 4./

Alejos and Saomone”.

Lacon auroratus (Say). New to Nova Scotia (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada, NS, Pictou

Co./ Folly Mountain, 20T 458454E 5031889N/ 16.vii.2007. funnel./ McDonald

& Linds/ CFIA07-4328” and “Canada, NS, Colchester Co.,/ E. Folly Mt. 20T

458554E/ 5031889N 30.vii.2007./ funnel. McDonald & Linds/ CFIA07-5516”.

Limonius basilaris (Say). New to Louisiana (1 specimen returned to N. Schiff): “LA: St.

Tammany Parish/ Covingdon, 19 April-13 May/ 2001. M. Devall, N. Schiff”.

Pityobius anguinus LeConte (Say). New to Louisiana (1 specimen returned to N. Schiff):

“TA: St. Tammany Parish/ Covingdon Malaise Trap/ 25 May-6 June 1998. M.

Devall, N. Schiff’.

Pseudanostirus nigricollis (Bland). New to New Brunswick (2 specimens, CNCI): “Canada,

NB, 19T /0637197 5244649/ 3.vii.2007. funnel./ A.Couturier CFIA07-/2749" and

Douglas JESO Volume 142, 2011

“Canada, NB, Scott Siding,/ 19T E613389 N5085445/ 30vi.2008. funnel a-pinene,/

trans verbenol A.McIntosh/ CFIA 08-5108”.

Discussion

A series of Canadian Department of Agriculture interceptions of exotic

species suggests that some of above-mentioned introductions may have been a result

of intercontinental trade in woody plants rooted in soil during the early 1960s, before

such movement was prohibited. The CNCI has 14 larval specimens of A. haemeroidalis

intercepted in shipments of Azalea, Pinus, Juniperus and Taxus with soil to Canadian ports

including Montreal, St. John, and Toronto from Belgium and Holland between 1961 and

1963. The same material also contained a larval specimen identified as possibly Athous

niger (L.) (= Hemicrepidius niger) intercepted in Ontario in 1962 from Holland. Other

exotic species intercepted in this trade included Athous vittatus (Fabricius) (not known

from North America), Actenicerus sjaelandicus (Miller) (not known from North America,

Majka and Johnson 2008), Dalopius marginatus Esch. (not known from North America)

and Agriotes spp. These interception records not only suggest possible origins of the known

introduced species presented here, but also that populations of several additional species

may exist undetected in North America. The history of any such elaterid interceptions in

USA from Europe may also be useful to examine.

The additional records of native species presented here extend, or fill in gaps in,

known distributions. While this is a potentially endless process of adding geographic detail

at an increasingly fine scale, such records are useful for other reasons. Beyond telling us

where species occur, having such information may indicate ecological change or help detect

newly introduced species. For example, a finding that a putatively native species has rapidly

increased its range may indicate that it is not native at after all, or that it has been confused

with a newly arrived, morphologically similar, non-native species.

Acknowledgements

I thank the CFIA’s Plant Health Surveillance Unit, B. Kondratieff (Colorado

State University Insect Collection), C. Noronha (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada), S.

Paiero (University of Guelph Insect Collection), and N. Schiff (United States Department

of Agriculture, Forest Service, Mississippi) for providing specimens reported in this article.

Thanks to Ontario Parks for supporting Rondeau Provincial Park insect surveys by the

University of Guelph Insect Collection. Thanks to Howard Mendel (The Natural History

Museum, London,UK), and Serge Laplante (CNCI) for their insect identifications. Thanks

to L. Darling, B. Gill, K. McLachlan-Hamilton and three anonymous reviewers for their

helpful comments on the manuscript.

New records of Elateridae in Canada and the USA JESO Volume 142, 2011

References

Becker, E. C. 1956. Revision of the Nearctic species of Agriotes (Coleoptera: Elateridae).

The Canadian Entomologist 88, Supplement 1. 101 pp.

Becker, E. C. 1979. Review of the western Nearctic species of Athous (Coleoptera:

Elateridae), with a key to the species north of Panama. The Canadian Entomologist

111: 569-614.

Dobrovsky, T. M. 1953. Another wireworm of Irish potatoes. Economic Entomology 46:

1115.

Gratwick, M. 1992. Crop Pests in the UK, Collected Edition of MAFF Leaflets. Chapman

& Hall, London (GB). 490 pp.

Harvard University. 2010. Boston Harbor Islands All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. Available

from _http://insects.oeb.harvard.edu/boston_islands/ (accessed 22 November

2010).

Jagemann, E. 1955. Kovarikoveti-Elateridae. (Rad: Brouchi-Coleoptera). Fauna CSR 4

1955: 1-302.

Johnson, P. J. 2002. Elateridae. Pp. 160—173 in Arnett, Jr., R. H., Thomas, M. C., Skelley, P.

E. and Frank, J. H. (eds.). American Beetles, Volume 2. Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea

through Curculionoidea. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida. 861 pp.

LeGasa, E. H., Welch, S., Murray, T. and Wraspir, J. 2006. 2005 Western Washington

Delimiting Survey for Agriotes obscurus and A. lineatus (Coleoptera: Elateridae),

Exotic wireworm pests new to the United States. Agricultural Publication 805-

144, Washington State Department of Agriculture, Olympia, Washington. 7 pp.

Leseigneur, L. 1972. Coléopteres, Elateridae de la faune de France Continentale et de Corse.

Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon 41: 1-379.

Majka, C. G. and Johnson, P. J. 2008. The Elateridae (Coleoptera) of the maritime provinces

of Canada: faunal composition, new records, and taxonomic changes. Zootaxa

1811: 1-33.

Platia, G. 1994. Coleoptera, Elateridae. Fauna d’Italia 33: 1-xiv, 1-429.

Stone, M. W. 1975. Distribution of four introduced Conoderus species in California

(Coleoptera: Elateridae). The Coleopterists Bulletin 29: 163-166.

Traugott, M., Schallhart, N., Kaufmann, R. and Juen, A. 2008. The feeding ecology of

elaterid larvae in Central European arable land: new perspectives based on naturally

occurring stable isotopes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40: 342-349.

Vernon, B. and Pats, P. 1997. Distribution of two European wireworms, Agriotes lineatus

and A. obscurus, in British Columbia. Journal of the Entomological Society of

British Columbia 94: 59-61.

Williams, F. X. 1931. Handbook of the insects and other invertebrates of Hawaiian sugarcane

fields. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association, Honolulu, Hawaii. 400 pp.

Pies o% x

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Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011

INSECT COLLECTIONS FROM POLAR BEAR PROVINCIAL

PARK, ONTARIO, WITH NEW RECORDS

D. BERESFORD

Trent University, Department of Biology,

1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, Canada K9J 7B8

email: davidberesford@trentu.ca

Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 19-27

New records are presented for species of Diptera (18), Coleoptera (10),

Lepidoptera (7), Hymenoptera (5), Odonata (3), and Orthoptera (1) collected

in 2009 during a 9-day period in Polar Bear Provincial Park, coastal northern

Ontario. These include the first Ontario record of Lucilia magnicornis

(Siebke) (Diptera: Calliphoridae); new northern ranges for Chrysops

sordidus Osten Sacken and C. zinzalus Philip (Diptera: Tabanidae); three

other, rarely collected flies: Protocalliphora spatulata Sabrosky, Bennett, and

Whitworth (Diptera: Calliphoridae), Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg, and H.

groenlandicus (Fabricius) (Diptera: Syrphidae), and the tiger moth Grammia

quenseli (Paykull) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae).

Published December 2011

Introduction

The purpose of this paper is to report on insects caught at Burnt Point Field Station,

operated by the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources (OMNR). This site, accessible only

by plane, is located in Polar Bear Provincial Park. Established in 1970, the Park consists of a

2.4 million hectare wilderness-class area along the southern Hudson Bay and northwestern

James Bay coasts, 54—56°N and 82—87°W (OMNR 2011). The terrain at Burnt Point is

mainly low-lying tundra in the Hudson Plains ecozone. Collections were obtained while

conducting a multi-year biting fly trap comparison study being carried out in conjunction

with the Far North Information and Knowledge Management Plan initiative of the OMNR

Far North Terrestrial Biodiversity project. The Plan’s goal is to catalogue the distribution

and diversity of species within the various ecosystems of northern Ontario, thus providing

data to inform management strategies for both conservation and development.

* Beresford JESO Volume 142, 2011

Materials and Methods ~

The OMNR Burnt Point Field Station is 75 km east of the community of Peawanuck

at 55°14°29.5”N, 84°19°04”W, in the middle of a 5—10 km flat region of shallow fen pools

and gravel ridges between the Hudson Bay coast and the edge of boreal forest. Sampling took

place from 7—15 August 2009. Hourly temperatures for the collecting period were recorded

using a Thermocron I-button® data logger (model DS1921G). The weather throughout the

collecting period was cool, windy, often rainy and/or foggy. The mean temperature was

12°C (SD = 5.7), with only two days when temperatures exceeded 25°C. During the study

period, there were 110, 65, 29, and 11 accumulated degree days above 0, 5, 10, and 15°C

temperature thresholds, respectively. Daily catches were consequently often low. Insects

were collected by hand, by net, and from two Nzi traps (specifically designed to collect

biting flies), one made of cloth and the other of Coroplast® (Mihok 2002; Beresford and

Sutcliffe 2006; Mihok and Carlson 2007). An Nzi trap is 125 cm wide and 80 cm high, with

a black, central target flanked by blue panels, the whole surmounted by a netted funnel to

direct insects into a collecting bottle. Any insects that were not within the collecting bottle

at the top of the traps were removed using a modified battery-operated hand-held vacuum

(Dust Buster"). Collections from both Nzi traps were preserved in vials with 80% ethanol

at the end of each day, and stored until pinned for identification in Peterborough. Host-

seeking mosquitoes were sampled by placing a vial over any mosquitoes that attempted

to bloodfeed from my face or arms. Netted or hand-caught insects were killed with ethyl

acetate and then pinned. All pinned specimens and trap collections are stored as vouchers in

the Biology Department, Trent University.

The collected insects were identified using relevant taxonomic keys as follows:

for Coleoptera, Lindroth (1961—1969) (current Latin names checked using Bousquet

and Larochelle 1993) (Carabidae), Yanega (1996) (Cerambyicidae), Larson et al. (2000)

(Dytiscidae), and Anderson and Peck (1985) (Silphidae); for Diptera, Whitworth (2006) and

Marshall et al. (2011) (Calliphoridae), Wood et al. (1979) and Thielman and Hunter (2007)

(Culicidae), Vockeroth (1992) and Skevington et al. (2006) (Syrphidae), Teskey (1990) and

Thomas and Marshall (2009) (Tabanidae); for Hymenoptera, Packer et al. (2007) and Laverty

and Harder (1988) (Apidae), Buck et al. 2008 (Vespidae); for Lepidoptera, Layberry et al.

1998 (Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Pieridae), Schmidt (2009) (Arctiidae); for

Odonata, Walker (1953, 1958) and Walker and Corbet (1975); and for Orthoptera, Vickery

and Kevan (1985). Identifications were confirmed by other researchers when required

(Table 1, footnotes). New range records were based on published range maps found in the

literature, or personal communication where indicated.

Results and Discussion

The list of species caught is presented in Table |. As far as I can determine, most are

the first published records for Polar Bear Provincial Park except for the species of Arctiidae

and Silphidae. The new records are not surprising as insect diversity in the coastal region of

northern Ontario is greatly understudied compared to southern Ontario due to inaccessibility

Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011

TABLE 1. Species collected at Burn Point Field Station, Polar Bear Provincial Park, 7-15

August 2009. Identifications confirmed by other researchers are listed in the footnotes.

, ‘ Collection ;

Order/Family/Species Date sihias Habitat ae

COLEOPTERA

Carabidae

Pterostichus punctatissimus (Randall) 8 August hand gravel ridge l

Stereocerus haematopus (Dejean) 12 August hand gravel ridge l

Cerambycidae

Monochamus scutellatus scutellatus pee fis oor base ;

(Say)

Dytiscidae

Agabus arcticus (Paykull) 10 August net fen pool l

Carrhydrus crassipes Fall 10 August net fen pool l

Hygrotus novemlineatus (Stephens) 10 August net fen pool l

Ilybius discedens Sharp 10 August net fen pool 2

Ilybius pleuriticus LeConte 10 August net fen pool 2

Ilybius vittiger (Gyllenhal) 10 August net fen pool 2

Silphidae

Thanatophilus lapponicus (Herbst) 8 August hand under garbage 10

DIPTERA

Calliphoridae

Calliphora terraenovae Macquart 10,14 August Nzi traps 3

ae aaa 11-14 August Nzi traps 4

Lucilia magnicornis (Siebke) 12 August cloth Nzi trap l

toc coh aig ony: 14 August cloth Nzi trap 2

Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau- yore eae 3

Desvoidy)

Culicidae

Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young) 6-16 August hand l

Aedes nigripes (Zetterstedt) 6—16 August hand 17

Syrphidae

Chamaesyrphus sp. 10 August cloth Nzi trap 2

Helophilus groenlandicus (Fabricius 12 August net gravel ridge l

Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg? 8 August net gravel ridge l

Parasyrphus nigritarsus (Zetterstedt) 13 August net gravel ridge l

Parasyrphus tarsatus (Zetterstedt) 13 August net gravel ridge l

Tabanidae

Chrysops excitans Walker 8-13 August — cloth Nzi trap l

Chrysops furcatus Walker 8-13 August Nzi traps and net 10

Chrysops mitis Osten Sacken 8-13 August — cloth Nzi trap l

. Beresford

TABLE | Cont’d...

JESO Volume 142, 2011

: , llecti :

Order/Family/Species Date poi ee Habitat ag

Chrysops nigripes Zetterstedt 8-13 August —_Nzi traps and net 75

Chrysops sordidus Osten Sacken 8-13 August —_— Nzi traps and net 10

Chrysops zinzalus Philip 8-13 August Coroplast Nzi trap l

HYMENOPTERA

Apidae

Bombus borealis Kirby 13 August net gravel ridge l

Bombus polaris Curtis 9-10 August net gravel ridge 2

Bombus sylvicola Kirby 8—13August net gravel ridge 7

Bombus terricola Kirby 13 August net gravel ridge l

Vespidae

Dolichovespula norwegica (Fabricius) 9 August net ground nest 2

LEPIDOPTERA

Erebidae

Grammia quenseli (Paykull)’ 11 August net gravel ridge l

Hesperiidae

Pyrgus centaureae (Rambur)* 10 August net gravel ridge l

Lycaenidae

Lycaena dorcas Kirby* 13 August net gravel ridge Zz

Nymphalidae

Coenonympha tullia (Miiller)* 10 August net gravel ridge 2

Pieridae

Colias gigantea Strecker* 10, 13 August net gravel ridge 3

Colias interior Scudder* 10, 13 August net gravel ridge

Colias palaeno chippewa Edwards* 10, 13 August net gravel ridge

ODONATA

Aeshnidae

Aeshna sitchensis Hagen* 13 August net gravel ridge 2

Libellulidae

rl ginicineta 11 August net gravel ridge 4

Sympetrum danae (Sulzer)* 13 August net gravel ridge Z

ORTHOPTERA

Acrididae

Melanoplus borealis borealis (Fieber) 11—14 August net gravel ridge 4

' Terry Whitworth (Washington State University, Pullman, Washington)

> Jeffrey Skevington (Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario)

* Christian Schmidt (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Ottawa, Ontario)

* Colin Jones (Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough)

Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011

of much of the northern part of the province. Thus, any reporting on species collected from

this area adds to our knowledge of species distributions, contributing important information

on the ecology of these regions (Danks 1981). Along the coast of Hudson Bay and James

Bay, the nearest other historic collecting sites in Ontario are Fort Severn to the west, Fort

Albany and Moosonee to the south and, to the east in Quebec, a few localities from Great

Whale River south. Specimens from the Moosonee and Quebec sites were collected mainly

by staff from the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, during the Northern

Insect Survey, conducted from 1947—1958 [maps of collecting sites given in Freeman and

Twinn (1954, figure 1), and Huckett (1965, map 1)]. Butterflies have also been collected

along the east coast of James Bay (Hess 1993). All the sites are hundreds of kilometres from

the current study site and, as far as known, few of the insect records from them have been

published—mainly butterflies (Hess 1993; Layberry et al. 1998) and mosquitoes (Wood et

al. 1979). Most of the records reported here fill in a large distributional gap, even for species

that are known to be widespread in Canada.

Atypical collecting methods can produce surprising results. Nzi traps were designed

for catching biting flies, such as horse flies (Tabanidae) and stable flies (Stomoxinae). They

generally catch low numbers of non-targeted species such as blow flies (Calliphoridae).

One possible explanation for the blow flies reported here is that they were attracted to the

warm surface of the traps, which presented a prominent target in the flat landscape of the

collecting site.

New Ontario records and range extensions for 17 species are discussed further

here.

Lucilia magnicornis (Siebke) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Marshall et al. 2011) is a

rarely collected northern species of blow fly, recorded previously from Alaska to Labrador.

This is the first report for Ontario.

Protocalliphora spatulata Sabrosky, Bennett and Whitworth (Diptera:

Calliphoridae) was collected in the Nzi traps. Only two specimens if this species of bird

blow fly were obtained. This species is found in the far north or at high elevations, with

most records being from western North America. As far as I can determine, only one other

Ontario record exists, from the Ogoki region of inland northern Ontario (Sabrosky et al.

1989). The larvae are parasitoids of fledgling birds, and P. spatulata has been reported from

horned larks, American pipits, rosy finches (Sabrosky et al. 1989), savannah sparrows, and

white-crowned sparrows in Alaska (Fair and Miller 1995).

Calliphora terraenovae Macquart (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a widespread,

relatively uncommon species (Marshall et al. 2011), previously collected from Labrador

and southern Ontario. This is the first record from northern Ontario.

Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is

a Holarctic species. One of the most abundant blow fly species on the Russian tundra

(Vinogradova 1993), it is generally less common in Canada (Marshall et al. 2011). The

range map from Marshall et al. (2011, University of Guelph Insect Collection database)

reflects this, with a record gap between Churchill, Manitoba and mid to southern Ontario.

Cynoma cadaverina (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) is a common

species, known from Ontario, James Bay and the Manitoba coast. This is a first, but not

unexpected, report from the Hudson Bay coast of Ontario.

Beresford JESO Volume 142, 2011

Chrysops sordidus Osten Sacken and C. zinzalus Philip (Diptera: Tabanidae) are

new range records for northern Ontario. Distribution maps show northern catches from

the southern tip of James Bay in Quebec, and previous Ontario records are from the Great

Lakes region, particularly around Lake Superior (Thomas and Marshall 2009). The other

four deer fly species were expected from Polar Bear Provincial Park.

Aedes nigripes (Zetterstedt) (Diptera: Culicidae) is a tundra species. Polar Bear

Provincial Park occurs at the southern edge of its distribution in central Canada. The records

from Polar Bear Provincial Park fill in a gap between catches reported from the Quebec

and Manitoba coastlines (Wood et al. 1979). Aedes abserratus (Felt and Young), largely

associated with bogs, tends to be a more southern species, with reported catches in northern

Ontario previously from the James Bay region and northern Quebec (Wood et al. 1979).

Helophilus lapponicus Wahlberg and H. groenlandicus (Fabricius) (Diptera:

Syrphidae) are rarely caught Holarctic northern species (Skevington et al. 2006). Although

generally found in low tundra habitat (Danks 1981), both species have been caught in a

black spruce peatland forest 50 kilometres north of Cochrane, Ontario (Deans et al. 2007).

Dolichovespula norwegica (Fabricius) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), a widespread

Holarctic species, was caught at a nest located in the ground under a dense thicket of willow

shrubs on a gravel ridge, substantiating observations that this species nests underground

(Buck et al. 2008).

Among the four bumble bee species (Hymenoptera: Apidae) collected, Bombus

sylvicola Kirby and B. polaris Curtis are commonly found along the Hudson Bay coastal

region, whereas B. borealis Kirby and B. terricola Kirby tend to be more southern species,

with previous northern records from the James Bay area (Laverty and Harder 1988).

Grammia quenseli (Paykull) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is an arctic/alpine species. I

am aware of only two other records from Ontario for this species, one from Cape Henrietta

Maria (within Polar Bear Provincial Park) collected in 1948 (Don Sutherland, personal

communication), and one from Shagamu River, Kenora District (Robertson 1994).

Melanoplus borealis borealis (Fieber) (Orthoptera: Acrididae) was caught along a

gravel ridge beside a fen pool, typical habitat for this species (Vickery and Kevan 1985). The

species occurs across Canada, with a northern distribution from the Hudson Bay coastline

west to Alaska (Vickery and Kevan 1985).

All of the beetles collected have reported ranges that encompass the study region.

Conclusions

Large-scale changes in habitat such as those associated with a changing climate,

land use, or increased accessibility, have the potential to alter species composition and/or

bring invasive species into the Hudson Bay lowlands (Fernandez-Triana et al. 2009). The

ability to quantify such effects (see for example, Fernandez-Triana et al. 2011) depends

on knowing the extent and consistency of current insect species distribution. This paper

presents a small sample of the larger insect species caught during the first year of a multi-

year biting fly trap survey in Polar Bear Provincial Park, presenting new distribution

records—necessary data for assessing future changes in insect diversity within this Park.

eens

Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park JESO Volume 142, 2011

Acknowledgements

I thank Ken Abraham of the Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Wildlife

Research and Development Section for his help and support for this work. Colin Jones,

Christian Schmidt, Jeffrey Skevington, and Terry Whitworth confirmed and/or identified

species. Financial support for this project was provided by OMNR through its Far North

Branch and Wildlife Research and Development Section. I also thank two anonymous

reviewers for their suggestions.

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Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011

HYLAEUS PUNCTATUS (HYMENOPTERA: COLLETIDAE), A BEE

SPECIES NEW TO CANADA, WITH NOTES ON OTHER

NON-NATIVE SPECIES

C. S. SHEFFIELD', S. DUMESH, AND M. CHERYOMINA

Department of Biology, York University,

4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3

email: cory.silas.sheffield@gmail.com

Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 29-43

Hylaeus punctatus (Brullé) (Colletidae; Hylaeinae), the second species of

the Old World subgenus Spatulariella recorded in the Western Hemisphere,

is reported in Canada for the first time. A diagnosis for recognizing the

subgenus among the Canadian fauna and a key to distinguish the two species

are provided. Additionally, we provide a brief summary of non-native bee

species in Canada.

Published December 2011

Introduction

A recent “General Status of Species in Canada” assessment for Canadian bee

species compiled 803 species, with the highest diversity in southern areas bordering the

United States (Canadian Endangered Species Conservation Council, in preparation). New

bee species are still being described in Canada (Gibbs 2010; Rehan and Sheffield 2011), and

new distributional records are frequently being added (Gibbs 2010; Dumesh and Sheffield in

press; Sheffield et al. in press), most of these as northern range extensions from the adjacent

United States. Areas of Canada bordering the United States are thus particularly important

in terms of receiving and/or intercepting non-native species (Cane 2003; Sheffield et al.

2010).

Introduced species are considered among the greatest threats to local biodiversity

(Wilson 1999; Chivian and Bernstein 2008). Therefore, noting the presence and time of

establishment of non-native insects, including bees, within a region 1s critical to monitor

effectively the potential impact of these species on the indigenous fauna (Cane 2003;

Sheffield et al. 2010). It is also important to understand the biology of these species,

including, for bees, establishing their patterns of floral use and nesting-site preferences.

Many introduced species share floral resources and compete for nesting sites with native

species (Barthell et al. 1998), especially in urban settings (Matteson et al. 2008). Such data

are also important for developing predictive models to determine the likely range of suitable

‘Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011

habitat and ultimate distribution (Hinojosa-Diaz et al. 2005; Strange et al. 2011). In the last

few decades, several Old World bee species have been recorded for the first time in Canada,

from Ontario (Smith 1991; Paiero and Buck 2004; Buck et al. 2006; Sheffield et al. 2010),

most of which have subsequently established populations.

Here, we report a non-native species, Hylaeus (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brullé)

in Canada. This species is one of two H. (Spatulariella) species now established in North

America (Ascher 2001; Ascher et al. 2006; Tonietto and Ascher 2008). We give a diagnosis

of the subgenus and provide a key to the two species of H. (Spatulariella) known to be

present in North America. Additionally, we provide a summary of the other 16 non-native

bee species in Canada.

Results

First records of a new exotic species in Canada

Hylaeus (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brullé). Hylaeus punctatus was first collected in North

America in 198] at Playa del Rey, Los Angeles Co., California (Snelling 1983) and, shortly

after, recorded in South America at Santiago, Chile (Toro et al. 1989). More recently, it was

discovered further east in North America, first from the District of Columbia (Ascher et al.

2006), and later in New York (Matteson et al. 2008) and Colorado (Ascher and Pickering

2011). We collected fourteen specimens, deposited in the Packer Collection, York University

(PCY U) and the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC),

with the following data: CANADA. Ontario: Toronto, York University campus, 43.7753°N

79.5056°W, 196m, 27.vii.2011, S. Dumesh, M. Cheryomina, C. Sheffield (9); same

locality, 29.vii.2011, C. Sheffield (5%) and 30.vii.2011, C. Sheffield (19). All specimens

were collected on wild carrot, Daucus carota L. (Apiaceae). In sweeps of these plants,

44% of the Hylaeus captured were males of H. (Spatulariella): H. hyalinatus 26% and

H. punctatus 18%. Gosek et al. (1995) suggested H. punctatus as a potential pollinator of

carrot; this affinity may be useful for monitoring its further spread in North America. The

lack of distributional data between western locations, i.e., California, Colorado, and eastern

North America may represent multiple introductions and/or lack of detection due to “no”

sampling. Hy/aeus punctatus probably nests in pre-existing cavities (Westrich 1990), which

likely facilitated its arrival into North America (Ascher 2001) and subsequent spread.

The arrival of H. punctatus in Canada appears to be recent, as pan trap surveys on

York University campus between 2004 and 2006 (Colla et al. 2009) failed to detect it (or H.

hyalinatus) among the 248 specimens of Hylaeus collected. Neither species was collected

in the 2002-2003 survey of Grixti and Packer (2006) approximately 20 km northeast

of York University campus, though other surveys in southern Ontario have detected H.

hyalinatus in low numbers: in 2003 in St. Catharines, Ontario, only two H. hyalinatus were

collected among 1729 Hylaeus specimens (Richards et al. 2011). In a survey in Hamilton

(Royal Botanic Gardens) 6 out of 112 Hylaeus specimens were H. hyalinatus (Andrachuk,

unpublished). However, the numbers of H. punctatus recorded here may suggest that this

species has been in Ontario for several years, though undetected, as very few have been

caught in pan traps relative to indigenous species (Colla et al., 2009; Richards et al. 2011;

ai we ok.

Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011

Andrachuk, unpublished), despite the subgenus being proportionally very abundant on

Daucus florets.

Diagnosis and key to species of Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North America.

The subgenus is distinguished from other North American Hy/aeus subgenera by

the presence of a lamelliform carina between anterior and lateral faces of the mesepisternum

in both sexes (Figures la, 1c; easiest to see in ventrolateral view), which is absent in the

other subgenera found in Canada (Figures 1b, 1d). Males of this subgenus are further

distinguished by the spatulate apex of sternum 8 (Figure 5a), which often protrudes from

the genital opening.

The following key (modified from Ascher 2001) can be used to distinguish the two

species of H. (Spatulariella) in North America, and can be used with Mitchell (1960) and

Romankova (2007) for identifying species in eastern Canada.

] EE antec fyi Pe cig SS Nae ie wins on ss badae eae «jog PUREE eR caw s 2

EI ae fase See Dh ees ern « «wun at az h Se whl a seem pee RIE «an «= 3

2(1) Face with long lateral maculations that fill most of the lower paraocular area

(Figure 2a); mesopleuron with distinct shining interspaces among the punctures

(Figure 3a), the punctures similar in size to those on the mesoscutum (Figure 3c),

especially anterior to episternal groove (Figure 3a)............... H. hyalinatus Smith

- Face with lateral maculations reduced (Figure 2c); mesopleuron more coarsely

and closely punctate, without shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure

3b), the punctures generally larger and deeper than those on the mesoscutum

I eS tr er ate anne Ee PORE eo oO H. punctatus (Brullé)

3(1) Sternum 8 with distal spatulate process rounded apically, connected to the base

by an extremely narrow elongate stalk (Figure 5a); face with extensive yellow

maculation, the supraclypeal area nearly entirely pale, with lateral face marks

extending on the eye margin to well above antennal base (Figure 2b); pleura with

distinct shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure 4a), the punctures similar

in size to those on mesoscutum (Figure 4c)..............2:+--+.-2. Ayalinatus Smith

5 Sternum 8 with distal process bi-lobed (emarginated apically), connected to the

base by a broad stalk (Figure 5b); face with pale maculations less extensive,

supraclypeal area black (Figure 3d) or with yellow band restricted to apical half

(Figures 3e and 3f), lateral face marks reduced and seldom extending above

epistomal sulcus (Figure 3d-3f); pleura more coarsely and closely punctate, without

shining interspaces among the punctures (Figure 4b), the punctures generally wider

and deeper than those on mesoscutum (Figure 4d)............... H. punctatus (Brullé)

Notes on other exotic bee species in Canada

COLLETIDAE

H. (Spatulariella) hyalinatus Smith. This European species (also discussed above) was

first reported in North American in 2001 (Ascher 2001) from collections made between

Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011

FIGURE 1. Distinguishing characteristic of Hylaeus (Spatulariella). Female (A) and male

forecoxa. Female (B) and male (D) of Hylaeus (Prosopis) without visible carina.

1997 and 2000 in New York. It was reported in southern Ontario shortly after (Buck et al.

2006), though the material examined in that study suggested it has been in North America

(Canada) since 1993. It is a cavity-nesting species (Ascher 2001).

Hylaeus leptocephalus (Morawitz). Snelling (1970) indicated that this cavity-nesting

species (as H. stevensi (Crawford)) was not closely related to any Hy/aeus in the Nearctic

region, and was virtually identical to the Palearctic H. bisinuatus Foérster. Both are now

considered synonyms of H. /eptocephalus. This common species is found throughout the

United States and southern Canada (British Columbia-Nova Scotia), and is possibly an

oligolege of Melilotus, also introduced from the Palearctic region (Snelling 1970; but listed

as polylectic by Cane (2003)). Hylaeus leptocephalus has been in North America since 1912

(collected in Fargo, North Dakota), and was first collected in Canada (Alberta) in 1916

(Snelling 1970).

ANDRENIDAE

Andrena wilkella (Kirby). This species occurs naturally in Europe and northern Asia, and

is now common throughout northeastern North America. Andrena wilkella has been in

North America since the 1800s (Malloch 1918) and, like the other ground-nesting species

Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011

eee

FIGURE 2. Facial maculation patterns of Hy/aeus (Spatulariella) in North America. Female

(A) and male (B) of H. hyalinatus. Female (C) and male (D—F) of H. punctatus; D—-F show

variation in males of H. punctatus, ranging from no maculation on supraclypeal area and

reduced maculation on lower paraocular area (D) to a band on apical 1/4 (E) to 1/2 (F) of

supraclypeal area and more extensive maculation on lower paraocular area.

Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011

discussed below, it may have arrived in the New World through the importation and release

of dry ballast, e.g., rock, sand, soil (Giles and Ascher 2006; Sheffield et al. 2010).

HALICTIDAE

Lasioglossum leucozonium (Schrank). This ground-nesting species occurs naturally

in Europe and northern China, and probably has been in North America since the 1800s

(Droege 2008). Lasioglossum leucozonium was recently collected in Alberta (specimens in

PCYU), well outside the range reported by McGinley (1986). More sampling in locations

between the documented range given in McGinley (1986) and these western records is

required to know the full extent of its distribution in North America.

Lasioglossum zonulum (Smith). This “Holarctic” species (McGinley 1986) is also believed

to be introduced (Giles and Ascher 2006) due to its phylogenetic position in the Old World

leucozonium species group (Packer 1998; Danforth and Ji 2001). Lasioglossum zonulum

has been in Canada since at least the mid-1 800s, previously identified by Provancher (1882)

as Halictus discus Smith (as L. discum) (Sheffield and Perron, unpublished). Though the

FIGURE 3. Distinguishing characters for females of Hylaeus (Spatulariellia) in North

America. Mesoscutum of female (A) H. hyalinatus, and (B) H. punctatus; mesopleuron of

female (C) H. hyalinatus, and (D) H. punctatus.

Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011

FIGURE 4. Distinguishing characters of male Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North America.

Mesoscutum of male (A) H. hyalinatus, and (B) H. punctatus; mesopleuron of male (C) H.

hyalinatus, and (D) H. punctatus.

female of Halictus discus was described from ‘North America” this is believed to be an

error (Mitchell 1960; Ebmer 1976).

MEGACHILIDAE

Anthidium oblongatum (Illiger). A series of Anthidium oblongatum was collected in

Toronto at York University campus in 2011 [col. C.S. Sheffield]. Most bees visiting Lotus

corniculatus L. on campus are this species and the non-native Megachile rotundata,

suggesting it is well established in Ontario. This species, native to Europe and the Near

East, has been in Ontario since at least 2002 when three individuals were recorded by

Romankova (2003). Anthidium oblongatum is well established in the eastern United States

(Miller et al. 2002; Tonietto and Ascher 2008; Maier 2009) since it was first discovered in

New York in 1994 (Hoebeke and Wheeler 1999). Miller et al. (2002) provide a key that can

be used to recognize the species in eastern Canada. It is a cavity nesting species.

Anthidium manicatum (Linnaeus). This species, native to Europe, North Africa, and the

Near East (Banaszak and Romasenko 1998) was first discovered in North America in the

Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011

FIGURE 5. Distinguishing terminalia characters of males Hylaeus (Spatulariella) in North

America. (A) H. hyalinatus S8, stalk narrow and apex rounded, (B) H. punctatus S8, stalk

broad and apex emarginated or bilobed.

1960s (Jaycox 1967) and first reported in Canada (Ontario) in 1991 (Smith 1991). Anthidium

manicatum is now well established and rapidly expanding its distribution throughout North

America (Gibbs and Sheffield 2009; Maier 2009) and in 2011 was found on the island of

Newfoundland (Barry Hicks, pers. comm.), within the likely range of establishment predicted

by Strange et al. (2011). It is considered polylectic (Banaszak and Romasenko 1998) though

commonly found associated with large urban and suburban n ganiets particularly those with

Stachys (Lamiaceae). It nests in cavities.

Chelostoma campanularum (Kirby). Although only recently recorded in Canada, this

cavity-nesting species has been here since at least 1976 (Buck et al. 2006), and is relatively

common in Ontario in the cities of Guelph, St. Catharines, and Toronto. It occurs naturally

in Europe and the Near East, and was first detected in North America in New York in the

early 1970s (Eickwort 1980). The species is oligolectic on Campanula (Campanulaceae).

Chelostoma rapunculi (Lepeletier). Like the preceding species, C. rapunculi is a cavity-

nesting species introduced from the Palearctic region. It was first recorded in North America

by Eickwort (1980), who examined specimens collected in New York from the early as

1960s. Females are also oligolectic on Campanula, though Buck et al. (2006) collected

specimens on Echium vulgare L. (Boraginaceae).

Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011

Hoplitis anthocopoides (Schenck). Like the preceding two species, H. anthocopoides is

from Europe and was first detected in North American in Albany County, New York, in

1969 (Eickwort 1970), though not collected in Canada until 2002 (Buck et al. 2006). As a

reported floral specialist, its spread in North America may be linked to localized availability

and population connectivity of its food plant, Echium vulgare. Eickwort (1975) gave detailed

accounts of its biology. This species, unlike most of the other non-native megachilid bees

presented here, is a true mason bee, building its nests from “mortar and pebbles”. Because

the nests are constructed on exposed areas of rocks, its mode of introduction into North

America would presumably have been on exposed surfaces, not hidden in pre-existing

cavities in wood, etc.

Osmia caerulescens (Linnaeus). This is probably our first established cavity-nesting bee

species, arriving in North America in the 1800s. It occurs naturally throughout Europe,

North Africa, the Near East and India (Rust 1974). In North America, this species is found

primarily in northeastern and north central US and southeastern Canada to Nova Scotia (Rust

1974; Sheffield et al. 2003; 2008), though specimens have also been collected in British

Columbia (specimens in PCYU) and in the north western United States (Cane 2003).

Megachile (Eutricharaea ) apicalis Spinola. This species is of Eurasian origin and was first

reported as established in western North America by Cooper (1984). Megachile apicalis

was only recently reported in Canada, collected in British Columbia in 2009 by Lincoln R.

Best (Sheffield et al. in press), though it has recently been found in the eastern United States

(S. Droege, pers. comm).

Megachile (Eutricharaea) rotundata (Fabricius). This species, also of Eurasian origin,

has been established in western Canada for at least 50-60 years, and has been developed

extensively as a commercial pollinator of alfalfa (Pitts-Singer and Cane 2011). Megachile

rotundata has been found in eastern Canada since the 1990s as a result of deliberate

introductions for lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton) (Ericaceae)

pollination. Sheffield (2008) and Sheffield et al. (2008) suggested that this species may

have established in Nova Scotia prior to this, possibly due to pollination trials of forage

crops in the 1970s and 1980s.

Megachile (Callomegachile) sculpturalis Smith. This species, from eastern Asia, was first

detected in North America in North Carolina in 1994 (Magnum and Brooks 1997). Megachile

sculpturalis was first observed in Canada (Ontario) in 2002 (Magnum and Sumner 2003;

Paiero and Buck 2004), and was recently collected in Quebec (Gibbs and Sheffield 2009).

This species has great potential to spread throughout the continent (Hinojosa-Diaz et al.

2005; Maier 2009).

Megachile (Pseudomegachile) ericetorum Lepeletier. This species is wide-ranging in the

Western Palaearctic region, and has been in Canada at least since 2003 (Sheffield et al.

2010). It is currently known in North America only from a single female specimen collected

on the Niagara Escarpment in St. Catharines, Ontario (Sheffield et al. 2010).

a ———

Sheffield et al. JESO Volume 142, 2011

Apis mellifera L. This is the first bee species introduced into the Western Hemisphere, and

the only bee species introduced intentionally into Canada. European settlers brought honey

bees with them in the 1620s (Crane 1999; Horn 2005) for honey and wax production. These

roles are now overshadowed in importance by crop pollination by A. mellifera throughout

the world (Free 1993). It occurs from coast to coast in Canada, in all provinces and territories.

Feral colonies are present throughout North America (including southern Canada), though

numbers and persistence have declined since the arrival of parasitic mites in the last few

decades (Droege 2008).

Conclusions

Major commodity entry points into Canada serve as likely entrance points for

exotic species (Majka and LeSage 2006), including bees (Cane 2003; Sheffield et al. 2010).

Ontario is one of the main entrance points for access so it is not surprising that all but one

of the 17 exotic bee species in Canada are found in the province (Figure 6), and most of the

I) Pre-1950

16 |

( } Post-1950

s. 8&e

14 | .

& Tot. Species

12 |

Number of Introduced Species (bars)

Total Species

YT NT NU BC AB SK MB ON QC NB

Province/Territory

FIGURE 6. The number of introduced bee species occurring in each province or territory

in Canada. Line with triangles represents total number of bee species known from each

province or territory. Solid bars indicate species introduced to Canada pre-1950; cross-

hatched bars represent post-1950 introductions.

Hylaeus punctatus in Canada JESO Volume 142, 2011

post-1950s detections were first reported here (Smith 1991; Paiero and Buck 2004; Buck

et al. 2006; Sheffield et al. 2010). An additional species, Megachile xylocopoides Smith,

obtained from wood containing its mature larvae was recently intercepted at the Canadian

border in Ontario (Hume Douglas, CFIA Ottawa, pers. comm.). Its identity was confirmed

by DNA barcoding of larval tissue, and subsequent rearing. It is not established in Canada.

As twelve of the 17 exotic bee species in Canada are cavity nesters, and specimens are

sporadically intercepted at the Canadian border and at international entry points in the

United States (Cane 2003), the likelihood of new arrivals is quite high. It is certainly

worthwhile monitoring areas adjacent to the United States border because several additional

non-native species are established in New York and adjacent areas of north eastern North

America (Droege 2008; pers. comm.) and are likely spreading northward. Southern Ontario

is likely to continue being the first region of arrival and detection of non-native bee species

in Canada.

Acknowledgements

We thank Rémi Hébert (Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada) for

encouraging and facilitating the bee work for the General Status of Species in Canada,

Sam Droege (United States Geological Survey) for helpful comments, correspondence, and

continued hard work on bees in North America. Thanks also to Laurence Packer (York

University) for helpful comments. We also acknowledge the contribution of the Ontario

Research Fund (ORF) and Canadian Foundation for Innovation (CFI) for imaging equipment

and support. This work was conducted during a research associate position to Cory Sheffield,

funded by the NSERC-CANPOLIN (Canadian Pollination Initiative); Sheila Dumesh was

funded through an NSERC Discovery Grant to Laurence Packer, York University. This is

contribution number 32 of the Canadian Pollination Initiative.

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First records of H. halys in Ontario and Quebec JESO Volume 142, 2011

FIRST RECORDS OF THE INVASIVE PEST, HALYOMORPHA

HALYS (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAB), IN ONTARIO AND

QUEBEC

R. FOGAIN' AND S. GRAFF?

Canadian School of Pest Management

2117 Lawrence Ave West, Toronto, ON, Canada MON 1H7

email: roger.fogain@gmail.com

Scientific Note J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 45-48

Halyomorpha halys (Stal, 1855) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), the Brown Marmorated

Stink Bug (BMSB) also known as the East Asian Stink Bug, is an agricultural pest native

to China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan that was first collected in North America in 1996 at

Allentown, Pennsylvania, though the first published report was in 2001 (Hamilton 2003;

Hoebeke and Carter 2003; Smith and Whitman 2007). BMSB is now almost ubiquitous

in the USA where its pest status has dramatically increased — a considerable change in its

status since it was first reported as an over-wintering nuisance (Smith and Whitman 2007).

For Canada, the first official report of BMSB was from Balzac, AB (Bercha 2008). In late

fall and early winter, 2010, we received two specimens for identification. The senior author

identified both as Halyomorpha halys. Here we report these and other specimens intercepted

in late 2010 as the first occurrences of BMSB in Ontario and Quebec. All the specimens are

deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes (CNC),

the Canadian Food Inspection Agency collection (CFIA) in Ottawa and the Department of

Entomology, Guelph University (DEBU).

CANADA. British Columbia: Burnaby, 18.xi.2010, originating in Virginia on

Populus lumber (4 adults, CFIA #10-07116); Vancouver, intercepted x1.2008 from China,

Tianjin, Xingang via Busan, Korea (1 adult, CNC). Ontario: Hamilton, xii 2010, D. Wells,

collected on a living room curtain in a private residence (1 adult, CNC); 6.x.2010, collected

indoors (1 adult, CFIA #11-392): 10.vi.2011, inside private residence, homeowner reported

seeing insects previously indoors and on garden tomatoes (1 adult, CFIA); 29.ix. private

residence, specimen observed flying into home via ninth floor balconey (1 adult, DEBU);

18.xi, private residence, several adults in window AC unit (DEBU). Ottawa, collected

5.x.2011 from a car arriving from at a private residence in Virginia: Rappahannock Co.,

Washington, J. and C. Brown, (2 adults, CNC) and intercepted 15.x.2010 in spa sheets

originating from New Jersey (6 adults, CFIA #10-06657). Quebec: Montreal x.2010,

collected near a skid from USA (1 adult, CNC).

Published December 2011

' Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

2 Abel Pest Control Inc. 246 Attwell Dr., Etobicoke, ON, Canada M9W 5B4

Fogain and Graff JESO Volume 142, 2011

The method of arrival into Canada of the Hamilton specimens is unknown. They

may have migrated on their own from the USA or may have been accidentally transported in

vehicles. The remaining specimens show how far and how easily BMSB may be passively

transported by human activity to or within North America. .

Adults of BMSB are about 14-17 mm long and 8 mm wide and generally brown

with darker longitudinal streaks on the pronotum. Dorsally, the head, pronotum, scutellum,

and hemi-elytra are densely covered with small brown pits on a whitish background (Figure

1). When the fore wings are spread each hemi-elytron is seen to have a distinct reddish tinge.

The lateral margins of the abdomen have alternating whitish and black areas, iridescent green

in certain lights. Ventrally, the body is paler in colour, with sparser brown pits distributed

mostly laterally, and with transverse brown areas on each abdominal segment (Figure 1).

Each tibia has a poorly defined white median band. The colour pattern on the two apical

antennal segments is diagnostic for BMSB (Hoebecke and Carter 2003; Welty et al. 2008;

Jones and Lambdin 2009)—the penultimate antennal segment is white basally and apically,

and the apical segment is white basally so that the apical white band of the penultimate

segment and basal band of the apical segment appear as a single band.

Nymphs and adults of BMSB feed on a wide range of crops including vegetables,

fruit trees, woody ornamentals and some forest trees (Hoebeke and Carter 2003; Nielsen and

Hamilton 2009). Adults generally feed on fruits whereas nymphs feed on leaves, stems and

fruits. The pale green, barrel-shaped eggs are usually found in clusters of 20—30 (Hamilton

2003; Welty et al. 2008; Jacobs 2011) and hatch after about one week. The nymphs are

small, oval-shaped, yellowish brown and mottled with white. Nymphs pass through five

stages of one week each. Leaf damage is characterized by small lesions of about 3 mm in

diameter which may then become necrotic and coalesce. Fruit damage is often in the form

of small grooves, brown discoloration and necroses. Secondary damage may occur when

other invertebrates or micro-organisms take advantage of the lesions and aggravate the

BMSB damage.

Adult BMSB are strong fliers and highly mobile, and consequently are capable

of spreading rapidly on their own. They are found in homes during their search for over-

wintering sites but are harmless to humans and pets. They can become a nuisance when

large numbers invade homes or land on building walls; penetration into homes is usually via

structural openings and mostly around doors and windows. Sealing all cracks and crevices

in outside walls of the home will help reduce entry (Day et al. 2011). Changing exterior

lighting to yellow bulbs or sodium vapor will reduce their attractiveness to buildings. Control

in agricultural crops remains a challenge. Although some active ingredients that control

other stink bugs may also work against BMSB, research is needed to screen insecticides for

effectiveness. In North America no natural enemies have yet been reported. In Asia, BMSB

populations are kept in check by Trissolcus sp. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) (Arakawa and

Namura 2002), which parasitize the eggs. Yang et al. (2009) described a new species from

China, 7: halyomorphae Yang, with parasitism rates of up to 70% on eggs of BMSB.

A comprehensive survey for BMSB in agricultural areas is needed because of the

potential threat of BMSB as a serious invasive pest in Canada.

First records of H. halys in Ontario and Quebec JESO Volume 142, 2011

5 a

FIGURE 1. Brown Marmorated Stink Bug, Halvomorpha halys (Stal)(Pentatomidae),

dorsal and ventral views. Arrows indicate diagnostic features.

Fogain and Graff JESO Volume 142, 2011

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Jacques Dussault and Mario Dioro (Abell Pest Control,

Montreal) and Dave Wells (Abell Pest Control, Hamilton) for collecting and sending the

Montreal and one of the Hamilton specimens for identification, and Hannah Fraser (Ontario

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Vineland), for other records from Hamilton.

John Huber (CNC) and Doug Parker (CFIA) in Ottawa provided the remaining specimen

records. Mike Schwartz (CNC) confirmed some of the identifications. Jennifer Read (CNC)

is thanked for the habitus illustrations.

References

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Bercha, R. 2008. Insects of Alberta [online]. www.insectsofalberta.com

Day, E. R., McCoy, T., Miller, D., Kuhar, T. P. and Pfeiffer, D. G. 2011. Brown marmorated

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Agricultural Experiment Station Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey,

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Welty C., Sheltar, D., Hammond, R., Jones, S., Bloetscher B. and Nielson A. 2008. Brown

marmorated stink bug. fact sheet FS3824-08, Agriculture and Natural Resources.

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Yang, Z.-Q., Yao, Y.-X., Qui, L.-F. and Li, Z.-X. 2009. A new species of Trissolcus

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Pentatomidae) in China with comments on its biology. Annals of the Entomological

Society of America 102: 39-47.

Occurence of H. riparius in Ontario JESO Volume 142, 2011

OCCURRENCE OF THE WOODLOUSE, HYLONISCUS RIPARIUS

(KOCH) (ISOPODA: TRICHONISCIDAE), IN ONTARIO

D. F. MCALPINE! AND M. J. OLDHAM?

New Brunswick Museum,

277 Douglas Avenue, Saint John, NB, Canada E2K 1E5

email: donald.mcalpine@nbm-mnb.ca

Scientific Note Jenn soc. Ont 14274925)

Most species of woodlice recorded in Canada are not native (Bousfield 1978),

having been widely introduced from Europe. They play an active, although not exclusive,

role as detritivores, especially in synanthropic habitats; however, in spite of their significant

ecological role, they have received scant attention in Canada. Early reports that summarize

data on the occurrence of woodlice in Ontario include Johansen (1926) and Walker (1927,

1928). Judd (1965) and Rafi and Thurston (1982) report on the woodlice of the London

and Ottawa regions, respectively. Jass and Klausmeier (2000, 2001) present a compendium

of woodlice species covering North American reports by state and province and list 13

species of woodlice as recorded from Ontario as follows: Andronicus dentiger Verhoeff,

Armadillidium nasutum Budde-Lund, Armadillidium vulgare (Latreille), Cylisticus convexus

(De Greer), Haplophthalmus danicus Budde-Lund, Ligidium elrodii, Oniscus asellus

Linnaeus, Porcellio laevis Latreille, Porcellio scaber Latreille, Porcellio spinicornis Say,

Porcellionides pruinosus (Brandt), Trachelipus rathkii (Brandt), and Trichoniscus pusillus

Brandt. Additionally, Rafi and Thurston (1982) report Philoscia muscorum (Scopoli) from

the Ottawa region and Dexter et al. (1988) collected Hyloniscus riparius (Koch) on Middle

Island in western Lake Erie (the southernmost point of land in Canada), meters from the

Ontario-Ohio border. Here we record the first mainland Ontario occurrence for Hyloniscus

riparius (Koch) and propose that this small woodlouse is more widespread in Ontario than

these two collection records suggest.

During investigations of the woodlice of southern Ontario and the Maritimes, one

of us (MJO) collected 3 females of Hyloniscus riparius (Figure 1A) from the Braeside Alvar

(alvar = limestone plain characterized by thin soils and sparse vegetation), 3 km northwest

of Braeside, Renfrew County, Ontario (45.482°N 76.442°W) on 23 June 2010. Voucher

specimens were deposited in the general invertebrate collections of the New Brunswick

Museum (NBM 10221). Our specimens agree with the description and illustrations provided

Published December 2011

‘Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

Ontario Natural Heritage Information Centre (NHIC), Ministry of Natural Resources, 300

Water Street, 2nd Floor, North Tower, P.O. Box 7000, Peterborough, ON, Canada, K9J

8M5

McAlpine and Oldham JESO Volume 142, 2011

ocelli

FIGURE 1. Comparison of Ontario specimens of Hyloniscus riparius and Trichoniscus

pusillus: A) Hyloniscus riparius, entire body (NBM 10221; Braeside, Ontario); B) H.

riparius, head—note the single ocellus; C) Trichoniscus pusillus (NBM 10223; Bishops

Mills, Ontario)}—note the three ocelli comprising each eye.

Occurence of H. riparius in Ontario JESO Volume 142, 2011

by Schultz (1965); the 6 flagellar segments are visible (characteristic of Trichoniscidae)

and the single left and right ocellus (Figure 1B) immediately distinguish H. riparius from

the superficially similar and more common 7: pusillus. In the latter species, 3 ocelli make

up each eye (Figure 1C). The Braeside specimens range in size from 4.6—6.3 mm (head—

telson), approximating the range for females (2.6—5.2 mm) reported by Schultz (1965). One

of the females was gravid with 8 eggs. Schultz (1965) found the sex ratio strongly female

biased (2:1) in New Jersey and reports the number of offspring in marsupia ranging from

5—17, with a mean of 10. Likewise, Jass and Klausmeier (2003) found females predominant

in Wisconsin, but did find a significantly higher proportion of males (34.7%) from localities

in the north of the state.

The specimens we collected appear to be the first mainland occurrence for this

eastern and central European woodlouse in Ontario, and only the third for Canada (Dexter

et al. 1988; Jass and Klausmeier 2001). The first was that of Palmén (1951) for St. John’s,

Newfoundland (the latter, coincidentally, the first for North America). Palmén (1951) found

H. riparius closely associated with a greenhouse and garden in St. John’s and felt the species

occurrence in Newfoundland to be entirely dependent on such habitats. However, Muchmore

(1957) and Schultz (1965) provided evidence of well-established, permanent, outdoor

populations of H. riparius in New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, and Pennsylvania, and

Jass and Klausmeier (2000) also included Michigan and Wisconsin. Jass and Klausmeier

(2003) studied the reproductive biology of H. riparius in Wisconsin and found that the in-

soil habits of the species, relative to the more surface-active T. rathkii, permitted the former

to extend its breeding season. As a less surface-active species, H. riparius would seem well

adapted to surviving outside the greenhouse habitat over much of Ontario.

Jass and Klausmeier (2000) report habitat preferences for H. riparius as “wetlands,

riparian”. Muchmore (1957) found numerous specimens under logs, rocks and debris.

According to Schultz (1965), H. riparius in North America is often associated with stream-

side habitats or damp areas with dense weed cover. Dexter et al. (1988) report H. riparius

to be a shoreline species on the six islands in western Lake Erie where it was collected.

Jass and Klausmeier (2003) found this species in a wide variety of habitats in Wisconsin,

including sites dominated by native vegetation, but all characterized by high soil moisture.

The specimens reported here were collected from beneath logs and debris in association

with 7. rathkii (NBM 10222) from a site characterized as disturbed alvar.

It seems likely that Hyloniscus riparius, well established outside the greenhouse

habitat in North America for at least half a century and with Canadian occurrences now

known from Newfoundland and both mainland and insular Ontario, is much more widely

distributed in eastern Canada than the current few records indicate.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Michelle Hebert, New Brunswick Museum, for help in

producing Figure 1. Dr. Fred Schueler and Aleta Karstad, Bishops Mills Natural History

Centre, generously provided McAlpine with accommodation while collecting woodlice in

the Bishops Mills region.

McAlpine and Oldham JESO Volume 142, 2011

References

Bousfield, E. L. 1978. Crustacea. Pp. 291—294, in H. V. Danks (ed.). Canada and its insect

fauna. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada 108.

Dexter, R. W., Hahnert, W. F. and Beatty, J. A. 1988. Distribution of the terrestrial Isopoda

on islands in western Lake Erie. Pp.106—110, in J. F. Downhower (ed.). The

biogeography of the island region of western Lake Erie: papers presented at the 9"

Biosciences Colloquium of Biological Sciences of the Ohio State University, May

28-31, 1985. Ohio State University Press, Columbus, Ohio.

Jass, J. and Klausmeier, B. 2000. Endemics and immigrants: North American terrestrial

isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) north of Mexico. Crustaceana 73: 771-799.

Jass, J. and Klausmeier, B. 2001. Terrestrial isopod (Crustacea: Isopoda) atlas for Canada,

Alaska and the contiguous United States. Milwaukee Public Museum Contributions

in Biology and Geology 95: 1—105.

Jass, J. and Klausmeier, B. 2003. The terrestrial isopod Hyloniscus riparius (Isopoda:

Oniscidae: Trichoniscidae) in Wisconsin. The Great Lakes Entomologist 36: 70—

fez

Johansen, F. 1926. On the woodlice (Oniscoidea) occurring in Canada and Alaska. Canadian

Field-Naturalist 40: 165—167.

Judd, W. W. 1965. Terrestrial sowbugs (Crustacea: Isopoda) in the vicinity of London,

Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 79: 197-202.

Muchmore, W. B. 1957. Some exotic terrestrial isopods (Isopoda: Oniscoidea) from New

York state. Journal of the Washington Academy of Science 47: 78-83.

Palmén, E. 1951. A survey of the Oniscoidea (Isopoda terr.) of Newfoundland. Annales

Societatis Zoologici Botanica Fennici 14: 1—27.

Rafi, F. and Thurston, G. $.1982. Terrestrial isopods from Ottawa and vicinity. Trail and

Landscape 16: 144—150.

Schultz, G. A. 1965. The distribution and general biology of Hyloniscus riparius (Koch)

(Isopoda, Oniscoidea) in North America. Crustaceana 8: 131—140

Walker, E. M. 1927. The woodlice or Oniscoidea of Canada (Crustacea, Isopoda). Canadian

Field-Naturalist 41: 173-179.

Walker, E. M. 1928. The woodlice or Oniscoidea of Canada—Additions and corrections.

Canadian Field-Naturalist 42: 46-47.

Discovery of B. distinguendus in North America JESO Volume 142, 2011

DISCOVERY OF BOMBUS DISTINGUENDUS (HYMENOPTERA:

APIDAE) IN CONTINENTAL NORTH AMERICA!

C. S. SHEFFIELD? AND P. H. WILLIAMS?

Department of Biology, York University,

4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON, Canada M3J 1P3

email: cory.silas.sheffield@gmail.com

Scientific Note J. ent. Soc. Ont. 142: 53-56

The bumblebees of North America have received much attention, not only because

these charismatic bees are important for pollination of native plants, but also because several

bumblebee species have recently declined rapidly (Colla and Packer 2008; Grixti et al. 2009;

Williams and Osborne 2009; Cameron et al. 2011). As a result, the North American fauna is

one of the best known (Williams 1998). However, even for such a well-studied group, the

taxonomic status of several species in North America remains unclear because of unique and

geographically separate colour forms with very few specimens (e.g., B. cockerelli Franklin),

close affinities with Old World species complexes (e.g., B. moderatus Cresson; Scholl et

al. 1990), and variable intra- and interspecific colour patterns (e.g., Stephen 1957; Williams

2007; Owen et al. 2010). These difficult cases have prompted the application of molecular

methods (e.g., DNA barcoding) to supplement traditional morphology-based taxonomic

study (Murray et al. 2008; Bertsch et al. 2010; Owen et al. 2010; Williams et al. 2011).

Williams and Thomas (2005) recorded B. distinguendus Morawitz for the first time

in the New World from Attu Island, at the far western end of the Aleutian archipelago. This

discovery made B. distinguendus one of perhaps eight bumblebee species with a Holarctic

distribution, though restricted to the western edge of North America. As part of an ongoing

campaign to obtain COI sequences for the bees of the world, bumblebees from across the

continent have been collected and/or donated by collaborators in Canada and the United

States. In one series of specimens from Alaska, three females (two from Fairbanks, 64.747°N

148.086°W, 28.vii.2009 and 64.86°N 147.86°W, 11.vi.2009; one from Palmer, 61.567°N,

149.233°W, 18.v.2009), deposited in the Department of Biology, York University, Toronto,

Canada, and The Natural History Museum, London, UK, were identified initially (by CSS)

as B. appositus Cresson based on external morphology. These were then DNA barcoded

(see Sheffield et al. 2009 for procedures) because Alaska would represent a northern range

extension for this species (Stephen 1957; Milliron 1973), and sequences and images were

loaded to the BOLD (Barcodes of Life Data System; http://www.boldsystems.org) library.

Published December 2011

' This paper is contribution #30 from the Canadian Pollination Initiative.

? Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

3 Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK SW7 5BD

Sheffield and Williams JESO Volume 142, 2011

Surprisingly, the sequences were unique among North American Bombus species, showing

1.55% divergence from. the nearest neighbour, B. appositus, and matching those of B.

distinguendus from Attu Island. An additional specimen, labelled “90106/Airport Willow

Bar/ Fbnks Intl Airport/On Hedysarum boreale/25 May 90/J.A. Bishop”, deposited in the

University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, and identified as B. appositus, was also

examined. Identification of these specimens was later verified (by PHW) as B. distinguendus.

Williams and Thomas (2005) and Williams et al. (2011) provided keys to separate the

species; the latter give additional illustrations and diagnoses to separate the species. Further

information on the specimens studied here, including COI sequence information (accession

numbers, etc.), can be found in Williams et al. (2011).

In light of the discovery (Williams and Thomas 2005) and subsequent DNA

barcoding of B. distinguendus from Attu Island, and with the DNA barcode-assisted

discovery on continental North America reported here, the utility of DNA barcoding for

detecting bees with previously unrecorded Holarctic distributions seems promising.

However, the relationship among North American B. (Subterraneobombus Vogt) and the

presence of B. distinguendus in continental North America is somewhat puzzling on the

basis of COI results. Hines (2008) reported that vicariance events between the Old and New

Worlds across Beringia involved splits among boreal species, including B. appositus and B.

borealis from B. distinguendus. Supporting this, levels of COI divergence between North

American B. distinguendus and the other B. (Subterraneobombus) are very low; 1.55%

between B. distinguendus and B. appositus, and 1.86% between B. distinguendus and B.

borealis Kirby, (Williams et al. 2011), probably attributable to the spread and recent (< 2

Myr) arrival of an ancestral distinguendus complex in the Nearctic (Williams 1985; Hines

2008).

Surprisingly, the Alaskan specimens (Attu Island and mainland) show greater COI

sequence similarity to populations that are most geographically distant from them (Williams

et al. 2011), namely, 0.3 + 0.34% (max. 0.62%) sequence divergence between Alaska and

UK, 0.93 + 0.15% (max. 1.8%) between Alaska and Europe (excluding UK), and 1.1 +0.1%

(max. 2.2%) between Alaska and the Russian Far East. These differences were reflected in

the high level of divergence in this species across its range (2.67% maximum sequence

divergence), which Williams et al. (2011) attribute to perhaps higher levels of habitat

fragmentation and population isolation in the northern parts of its range during glacial cold

periods.

Although some species of Bombus have been introduced to areas outside of their

natural range, it seems unlikely that populations of B. distinguendus would have been

deliberately introduced into southern Alaska, especially from the UK. Explanation of the

similarity of COI between Alaska and UK populations is further confounded because the

sequences conflict with the pattern of variation in pubescence colour. In this respect, the

North American specimens actually resemble more closely the Old World populations that

are geographically closer, in Russia (Williams et al. 2011), as would be expected (Hines

2008). Although it is tempting to suggest a possible thermoregulatory role for darker

pubescence (Pekkarinen 1979), the principal global pattern is for darker forms in Bombus

to be associated more with tropical climates (Williams 2007). However, the relationship

between bumblebee colour pattern and thermoregulation is not well understood.

Discovery of B. distinguendus in North America JESO Volume 142, 2011

Although it seems clear that B. distinguendus was not introduced into North

America by human activity, it is surprising that populations would have gone undetected for

so long, as bumblebees have been one of the most intensively studied and heavily surveyed

_ bee groups on this continent (Williams 1998). This species may simply be very rare in North

America; it is presently only known from these three specimens reported above and the 17

specimens reported by Williams and Thomas (2005), and males have yet to be collected in

North America. But it may also have been easily confused with B. appositus and B. borealis,

less so with B. (Thoracobombus) fervidus (Fabricius), though only B. appositus and B.

borealis have ranges that approach or include southern Alaska. Clearly, further studies

incorporating traditional morphological and additional genetic (e.g., Schmid-Hempel et al.

2007; Lye et al. 2011) approaches for Bombus distribution and phylogeny are needed, and

these may help resolve the puzzling COI sequence and colour form distributional patterns

of B. distinguendus. The recent discovery of B. distinguendus highlights the need for more

complete surveys of bees, especially in previously unsampled or poorly sampled areas, and

for continued taxonomic study of these important pollinators.

Acknowledgements

Thanks to Laurence Packer, York University, for helpful comments, the USDA in

Alaska, and Derek Sikes, University of Alaska for providing specimens. Thanks also to three

anonymous reviewers for helpful comments. Support for DNA barcoding was provided

through funding to the Canadian Barcode of Life Network from Genome Canada (through

the Ontario Genomics Institute), NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research

Council of Canada) and other sponsors listed at www.BOLNET.ca.

References

Bertsch, A., Hrabé de Angelis, M. and Przemeck, G. K. H. 2010. A phylogenetic framework

for the North American bumblebee species of the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto

(Bombus affinis, B. franklini, B. moderatus, B. occidentalis & B. terricola) based

on mitochondrial DNA markers. Beitraége zur Entomologie 60: 229-242.

Cameron, S. A., Lozier, J. D., Strange,-J. P., Koch, J. B., Cordes, N., Solter, L. F. and

Griswold, T. L. 2011. Patterns of widespread decline in North American bumble

bees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 108: 662-667. http://

www.pnas.org/content/108/2/662.abstract (accessed 06 10, 2011).

Colla, S. and Packer, L. 2008. Evidence for decline in eastern North American bumblebees

(Hymenoptera: Apidae), with special focus on Bombus affinis Cresson. Biodiversity

and Conservation 17: 1379-1391.

Grixti, J. C., Wong, L. T., Cameron, S. A. and Favret, C. 2009. Decline of bumble bees

(Bombus) in the North American Midwest. Biological Conservation 142: 75—84.

Hines, H. M. 2008. Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns

of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). Systematic Biology 57: 58-75.

Lye, G. C., Lepais, O. and Goulson, D. 2011. Reconstructing demographic events from

Sheffield and Williams JESO Volume 142, 2011

population genetic data: the introduction of bumblebees to New Zealand. Molecular

Ecology 20: 2888-2900.

Milliron H. E. 1973. A monograph of the western hemisphere bumblebees (Hymenoptera:

Apidae; Bombinae). II. The genus Megabombus subgenus Megabombus. Memoirs

of the Entomological Society of Canada 89: 81—237.

Murray, T. E., Fitzpatrick, U., Brown, M. J. F. and Paxton, R. J. 2008. Cryptic species

diversity in a widespread bumble bee complex revealed using mitochondrial DNA

RFLPs. Conservation Genetics 9: 653-666.

Owen. R. E., Whidden, T. L. and Plowright, R. C. 2010. Genetic and morphometric evidence

for the conspecific status of the bumble bees, Bombus melanopygus and Bombus

edwardsii. Journal of Insect Science 10:1—18.

Pekkarinen, A. 1979. Morphometric, colour and enzyme variation in bumblebees

(Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) in Fennoscandia and Denmark. Acta Zoologica

Fennica 158: 1-60.

Schmid-Hempel, P., Schmid-Hempel, R., Brunner, P. C., Seeman, O. D. and Allen, G. R.

2007. Invasion success of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, despite a drastic

genetic bottleneck. Heredity 99: 414422.

Scholl, A., Obrecht, E. and Owen, R. E. 1990. The genetic relationship between Bombus

moderatus Cresson and the Bombus lucorum auct. species complex (Hymenoptera:

Apidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 68: 2264-2268.

Sheffield C. S., Hebert, P. D. N., Kevan, P. G. and Packer, L. 2009. DNA barcoding a

regional bee (Hymenoptera: Apoidea) fauna and its potential for ecological studies.

Molecular Ecology Resources 9 (supplement 1): 196-207.

Stephen, W. P. 1957. Bumble bees of western America (Hymenoptera: Apoidea). Technical

Bulletin, Oregon State College, Agricultural Experiment Station 40: 1-163.

Williams, P. H. 1985. A preliminary cladistic investigation of relationships among the

bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Systematic Entomology 10: 239-255.

Williams, P. H. 1998. An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns

of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini). Bulletin of the Natural History

Museum (Entomology) 67: 79-152 [updated at http://www.nhm.ac.uk/research-

curation/research/projects/bombus/].

Williams, P. H. 2007. The distribution of bumblebee colour patterns worldwide: possible

significance for thermoregulation, crypsis, and warning mimicry. Biological

Journal of the Linnean Society 92: 97-118.

Williams, P. H. and Thomas, J. C. 2005. A bumblebee new to the New World: Bombus

distinguendus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). The Canadian Entomologist 137: 158—

162.

Williams, P. H. and Osborne, J. L. 2009. Bumblebee vulnerability and conservation world-

wide. Apidologie 40: 367-387.

Williams, P. H., An, J. and Huang, J. 2011. The bumblebees of the subgenus

Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes

(Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 163:

813-862.

JESO Volume 142, 2011

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OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS

2011-2012

President: B. GILL

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

The Society founded in 1863, is the second oldest Entomological Society in North America

and among the nine oldest, existing entomological societies in the world. It serves as an

association of persons interested in entomology and is dedicated to the furtherance of

the science by holding meetings and publication of the Journal of the Entomological

Society of Ontario. The Journal publishes fully refereed scientific papers, and has a

world-wide circulation. The Society headquarters are at the University of Guelph. The

Society’s library is housed in the McLaughlin Library of the University and is available

to all members.

An annual fee of $30 provides membership in the Society, and the right to publish in the

Journal, and receive the Newsletter and the Journal. Students, amateurs and retired

entomologists within Canada can join free of charge but do not receive the Journal.

A World Wide Web home page for the Society is available at the following URL:

http://www.entsocont.ca

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP

Please send your name, address (including postal code) and email address to:

Nicole McKenzie, Secretary, Entomological Society of Ontario

c/o Vista Centre, 1830 Bank Street, P.O. Box 83025 Ottawa, ON K1V 1A3

email: nicole_mckenzie@hc-sc.gc.ca

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

Please refer to the Society web site (http://www.entsocont.ca) for current instructions to

authors. Please submit manuscripts electronically to the Scientific Editor

(john. huber@agr.gc.ca).

CONTENTS

T, FROM THEE ERP OUR ic scscscoxsovusa-sonicnsscoesmnsionpnecotiandaniateneendiacegimaatnana 1

Il. ARTICLES

P. G. MASON, H. GOULET and N. BOSTANIAN — Effect of harvest on Euphorine

(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) parasitism of Lygus lineolaris and Adelphocoris lineolatus

(Hemiptera: Miridac) bmn elf allt...cccscssnsnccsinsnssnnersstesiiniinaicanlspiamiioaiiaaainienitiaaianalapestialaiinin 3-10

H. DOUGLAS — New records of European wireworm pests and other click beetles (Coleoptera:

Elateridae) in Canada and USA.........s.scccssssscessssscsssenscsnceeeee nhninthsiidhicceiiiiaeinensiascbidasedeiaaa 11-17

D. BERESFORD — Insect collections from Polar Bear Provincial Park, Ontario, with new

FOCOT (IR ...c<accursasisipersnsenanennisonahineensunineciienintiintininensinlensiteinntitintdiaisiinidasiiiliaiiaiiaiamiiaiiaa iia 19-27

C.S. SHEFFIELD, S. DUMESH, and M. CHERYOMINA — Hylaeus punctatus (Hymenoptera:

Colletidae), a bee species new to Canada, with notes on other non-native species...........++0+ 29—43

Ill. NOTES

R. FOGAIN and S. GRAFF — First records of the invasive pest, Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera:

Pentatomidae), in Ontario amd Qu eit .cecccsnessinmeiosersesosssesatiosateneinthatmtaienbeniniimaidandl 45-48

D. F. MCALPINE and M. J. OLDHAM — Occurence of the woodlouse, Hyloniscus riparius

(Koch) (sopoda: Trichomiscidac), in Onmta4>rio......ccccscescserevecscsssscevenesovecensenssquantesnssenessoosecsabensenl 49-52

C.S. SHEFFIELD and P. H. WILLIAMS — Discovery of Bombus distinguendus (Hymenoptera:

Apidae) in continental Northh Amer 'ett..c...cssssssstenrssmnessoessnsssnscosnatinintnindiisiancieninmniaiantiiindaamalial 53—56

IV. ESO OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2010-201 1....cccccocscocsssscsscssnesevsocssssoseessenssonenpsnsasssoneanain 57

V. ESO OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2009-2010............scccsscssssesssessceesees inside front cover

VL... FELLOWS OR "THEE, Bay ociccccvseicnconcosnionnesnintgesccienidianccashenbbanasaaadaae inside front cover

VIL. APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSEEP wscssncscinsccisapssysaccnscocletehenbunesncsaitnin inside back cover

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