ISSN 1713-7845

JOURNAL

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY

ONTARIO

Volume One Hundred and Forty Three

2012

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS

2011-2012

President: B. GILL

Entomology Unit, Ontario Plant Laboratories,

Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Building 18 C.E.F.

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

bruce.gill@inspection.ge.ca

President-Elect: J. SKEVINGTON

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,

K.W. Neatby Building

960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

jskevington@gmail.com

Past-President: H. FRASER

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs

4890 Victoria Ave. North, P.O. Box 8000

Vineland, ON LOR 2E0

hannah. fraser@ontario.ca

Secretary: N. MCKENZIE

Vista Centre, 1830 Bank Street, P.O. Box 83025

Ottawa, ON K1V 1A3

nicole_mekenzie@he-sc.ge.ca

Treasurer: S. LI

Pest Management Centre, Building 57

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON KIA 0C6

Dr.Shiyou.Li@nrcan.ge.ca

Directors:

C. BAHLAI

School of Environmental Science

University of Guelph

Guelph, ON NIG 2W1

cbahlai@uoguelph.ca

R. BUITENHUIS (2011-2013)

Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

4890 Victoria Ave. North, P.O. Box 4000

Vineland, ON LOR 2E0

rose.buitenhuis@vinelandresearch.com

J. GIBSON

Department of Integrative Biology

University of Guelph

Guelph,ON N1G 2W1

jfgibson@uoguelph.ca

S. LACHANCE (2010-2012)

Université de Guelph - Campus d’ Alfred

31 St. Paul Street, Alfred, ON KOB 1A0

Slachance@alfredc.uoguelph.ca

J. MCNEIL

Department of Biology, BGS 3066

University of Western Ontario,

London, ON N6A 5B7

jmeneil2@uwo.ca

(2012-2014)

(2011-2013)

I. SCOTT

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

1391 Sandford Street, London, ON NSV 4T3

lan.Scott@agr.ge.ca

ESO Regional Rep to ESC: H. DOUGLAS

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON KIA 06C

douglash@inspection.ge.ca

Librarian: J. BRETT

Library, University of Guelph

Guelph, ON NIG 2W1

jimbrett@uoguelph.ca

Newsletter Editor: A. GRADISH

School of Environmental Science

University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 4Y2

agradish@uoguelph.ca

Student Representative: K. MARSHALL

Department of Biology

University of Western Ontario

Room 2035, Biological and Geological Sciences

London, ON N6A 5B7

kmarsh32@uwo.ca

Website: M. JACKSON

School of Environmental Science

University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1

jackson@uoguelph.ca

(2010-2012)

JESO Editor: J. HUBER

Canadian National Collection of Insects

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, ON,K1A 0C6

John. Huber@agr.gce.ca

Technical Editor: J. VICKRUCK

Dept. of Biological Sciences, Brock University

St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1

jess.vickruck@pbrocku.ca

Associate Editors:

A. BENNETT

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON KIA 06C

N. CARTER

Engage Agro Corporation

1030 Gordon St., Guelph, ON, NIG 4X5

neilcarter@engageagro.com

J. SKEVINGTON

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

FELLOWS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

W. W. BILL JUDD

C. RON HARRIS

GLENN WIGGINS

BERNARD PHILOGENE

FREEMAN MCEWEN

2002

2003

2006

2010

JESO Volume 143, 2012

JOURNAL

of the

ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

VOLUME 143 ZOIZ

I thank all the reviewers and Associate Editors — Andy Bennett, Neil Carter, and

Jeff Skevington — for their careful reviews and seeing acceptable mss through the review

process. In this day and age it is not always easy to find those willing to take time from their

own busy schedules to provide careful and thoughtful reviews that improve the quality of

articles submitted to JESO. For many years Martin Damus has provided a cover illustration

that reflects an insect treated in one of the articles. This year it is the Oriental Chestnut Gall

Wasp. It finally arrived in Canada in 2012 and is reported here—38 years after it was first

found in the US. Jess Vickruck has again done an excellent job as Technical Editor. These

dedicated people have greatly improved the quality of articles published in JESO. It is a

pleasure to work with them.

The Entomological Society of Ontario celebrates its 150" annual meeting next

year. Please consider JESO milestone volume 144 as a good venue to publish your research,

especially if you plan to present a talk about it at the special anniversary meeting in Guelph.

If you do want to publish in JESO, please consult the recently updated “Instructions to

Authors” on the website.

Many of the new electronic journals aimed at biologists and promoted almost

weekly in emails received by all and sundry advertise a quick turn around time from ms

submission to publication. Their editors perhaps forget that if their journal articles are to

be of high quality referees must be given sufficient time to review submissions properly,

(assuming that willing referees who know the subject can even be found). If turn around

time is too short many potential referees will simply refuse to provide reviews. Despite

the electronic competition I like to think, and certainly hope, that JESO will continue to

receive interesting and diverse articles for decades to come, having stood the test of time as

a worthwhile entomological journal for publishing on insects in Ontario. Although JESO

might be considered as not having enough impact or prestige it has a long and solid pedigree,

thanks especially to the conscientious efforts of past Editors, Associate Editors and referees.

Quality and reliability count for a lot, no matter how short the article or how limited in scope

it may be. So choose JESO in which to publish your work.

Happy reading.

John T. Huber

Editor

Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for C. rosaceana _ JESO Volume 143, 2012

OPTIMIZATION OF SYNTHETIC PHEROMONE BLEND

FOR USE IN MONITORING CHORISTONEURA ROSACEANA

(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) IN NIAGARA PENINSULA,

ONTARIO, APPLE ORCHARDS

R. M. TRIMBLE

Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre

Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada

Vineland Station, ON LOR 2E0

e-mail: trimbler@agr.gc.ca

Abstract went “Soc. “Ont “Y43°" 3-14

Trapping experiments were carried out in Niagara peninsula, Ontario apple

orchards to determine the optimum ratios of synthetic pheromone compounds

for use in monitoring the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana

(Harris) (Leptidoptera: Tortricidae). The mean total number of moths

captured in traps baited with rubber stopper lures impregnated with 0.97 mg

of the major compound (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (71 1-14:OAc) increased

3—4-fold with the addition of 2% of the minor compound (£)-11-tetradecenyl

acetate (E11-14:OAc) and increases to 4 and 8% did not change average

catch. The addition of 1-8% of the minor compound (Z)-11-tetradecenol

(Z11-14:OH) to lures containing 0.97 mg Z11-14:0Ac + 2% E11-14:0Ac

did not affect average catch. There was a 3.5—3.8-fold increase in catch when

0.97 mg Z11-14:0Ac + 2% E11-14:OAc + 1.5% Z11-14:0H was combined

with 1% of the minor compound (Z)-11-tetradecenal (711-14:Ald). Mean trap

catch declined when the relative amount of Z11-14:Ald was >4%. There was

a 2.3—-3.7-fold increase mean trap catch when 0.97 mg Z11-14:OAc + 1.5%

mg Z11-14:0H + 1% Z11-14:Ald was combined with 1% £11-14:OAc. There

was no increase in catch with additional increases in the relative amount of

E\1-14:0Ac. There was a 1.8—2.3-fold decrease in catch when 2% Z11-

14:0H was combined with 0.97 mg Z11-14:0Ac + 2% E11-14:0Ac + 1%

Z\1-14:Ald. There was no change in mean trap catch with the addition of

greater relative amounts of Z11-14:OH. The results suggest that the optimum

blend of synthetic pheromone compounds for use in monitoring C. rosaceana

in the Niagara peninsula of Ontario is a blend of the main compound Z11-

14:0Ac plus the minor compounds in relative amounts of 1% E11-14:OAc,

0-1% Z11-14:0OH and 1% Z11-14:Ald.

Published December 2012

Trimble JESO Volume 143, 2012

Introduction

The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris) (Lepidoptera:

Tortricidae), is native to North America where it is distributed throughout southern Canada

and most areas of the continental United States, except the arid southwest (Chapman and

Lienk 1971). The larvae of C. rosaceana are polyphagous, feeding on the foliage and fruit

of many deciduous plants, although its primary hosts typically belong to the Rosaceae

(Weires and Ried! 1991). There are one or two generations per year, depending on climate,

and second- or third-instar larvae overwinter in a hibernaculum (Chapman and Lienk 1971).

Choristoneura rosaceana is a key pest of commercial apple, Malus domestica (Borkh)

(Rosaceae) in Ontario where sprays of insecticide are applied to control the larvae of its two

annual generations (Anonymous 2009, 2010).

The sex pheromone of C. rosaceana consists of the major compound (Z)-11-

tetradecenyl acetate (Z11-14:OAc) (Roelofs and Tette 1970) and three minor compounds,

(£)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14:OAc), (Z)-11-tetradecenol (Z11-14:OH) and (Z)-

11-tetradecenal (Z11-14:Ald) (Cardé et al. 1977; Hill and Roelofs 1979; Vakenti et al.

1988; El-Sayed et al. 2001a). It was initially believed that Z11-14:Ald was present only

in populations from western North America (Vakenti et al. 1988; Thomson et al. 1991),

but further investigation revealed that this compound was also an important component of

the pheromone of some eastern North American populations of this species in Ontario and

Quebec (El-Sayed et al. 2001a, 2003). The pheromone gland and effluvium of an Ontario

population of C. rosaceana contained approximately 96% Z11-14:O0Ac, 2% E11-14:0Ac,

1.5% Z11-14:0OH and 0.5% Z11-14:Ald (El-Sayed et al. 2001ab).

Traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone are used to accurately time insecticide

sprays for the control of C. rosaceana in Ontario apple orchards (Anonymous 2009).

Sex pheromone-baited traps have also been used in Ontario to indirectly measure the

effectiveness of pheromone treatments applied to control C. rosaceana by sex pheromone-

mediated mating disruption (Trimble and Appleby 2004). Field trapping studies carried out

in the Niagara peninsula of Ontario have demonstrated the behavioral activity of the minor

pheromone compounds when combined with the main compound in relative amounts of

2% (E11-14:O0Ac), 1.5% (Z11-14:OH) and 1% (Z11-14:Ald) (El-Sayed et al. 2001a, 2003;

Trimble and Marshall 2008), but it is not known if this is the optimal blend of compounds

for use in this location. This paper reports the results of field trapping experiments designed

to determine if the previously used blend is optimal for use in apple orchards in the Niagara

peninsula of Ontario.

Materials and Methods

Synthetic pheromone

Pheromone compounds were acquired from the Pherobank, Plant Research

International, Wageningen, The Netherlands. The Z11-14:OAc was 99.2% chemically pure

and contained 0.4% E11-14:OAc. It did not contain the known C. rosaceana attraction

inhibitors (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14:OAc) or (£)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (£9-

Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for C. rosaceana — JESO Volume 143, 2012

14:0Ac) (Trimble and El-Sayed 2006). The £11-14:O0Ac had a chemical and isomeric

purity of 99.5%, The Z11-14:0OH and Z11-14:Ald had a chemical purity of 99 and 91.5%,

respectively.

Field trapping experiments

A stepwise approach was used to determine the effect on trap catch of combining

increasing relative amounts of minor compounds with the main pheromone compound. In

the first experiment, Z11-14:0Ac was combined with 0, 1, 2, 4 or 8% E£11-14:OAc. In the

second experiment Z11-14OAc + 2% E11-14:0Ac was combined with 0-8% Z11-14:0OH.

In the third experiment Z11-14OAc + 2% E11-14:O0Ac + 1.5% Z11-14:0H was combined

with 0-8% Z11-14:Ald. In a second set of experiments, Z711-140Ac + 1.5% Z11-14:0OH

+ 1% Z11-14:Ald was combined with 0-8% £11-14:OAc, and Z11-140Ac + 2% E11-

14:0Ac + 1% Z11-14:Ald was combined with 0-8% Z11-14:OH. Trap lures were prepared

by applying 200 ul of pheromone in hexane, or hexane (i.e. control), to the large “well” of

9 mm diameter, natural rubber sleeve stoppers (Chromatographic Specialties, Brockville,

Ontario). The solvent was allowed to evaporate in a fume hood and the stoppers were stored

at —20°C until use. Stoppers were attached to 8 mm-diameter corks using an insect pin. The

corks were positioned in the middle of the insect adhesive-coated surface of 21 cm-long x

20 cm-wide x 12 cm-high white plastic delta traps (Cooper Mill Ltd., Madoc, Ontario) and

the traps were positioned |.5—2.0 m above the ground within the tree canopy.

Experiments were carried out in 0.2—2.2 ha plots of cv. Empire, McIntosh or Red

Delicious insecticide-free apple trees at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC)

Experimental Farm at Jordan Station, Ontario (43°10°N 79°24’W) during the first and

second annual C. rosaceana flights of 2004—2008, and during each of the two annual flights

of 2010. A randomized complete block (RCB) or split-plot experimental design (Snedecor

and Cochran 1989) was used to test the effect of varying the relative amounts of F11-

14:0Ac and Z11-14:0H (2004-2008). The location of treatments within blocks (RCB) or

subplots (split-plot) was not changed during a flight period. There was +10 m between

traps. A completely randomized design (Snedecor and Cochran 1989) was used to test the

effect of varying the relative amount of Z11-14:Ald (2010). There was ~20 m between traps

in this experiment and the location of treatments was re-randomized at 14 d intervals. In

all experiments moths were counted and removed from the traps twice each week and the

rubber stopper lures were renewed at 2-wk intervals.

Analysis of data

Statistical analyses were performed using JMP® 7.0 (SAS Institute, Cary, North

Carolina). The significance of the effect of the relative amount of a minor compound on the

mean number of moths captured during a flight was tested using a randomized complete

block, split-plot, or completely randomized analysis of variance model after transforming the

data using V(x + 0.5). The significance of differences between means was first tested using

the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test. If there were no differences using

this test the Fisher Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was used to identify differences

(Dallal 2001). Means were back-transformed for presentation in tables (Snedecor and

Cochran 1989).

Trimble JESO Volume 143, 2012

Results

The attractiveness of lures baited with Z11-14:OAc was increased by the addition

of F£11-14:OAc (Table 1). There was a 3- and 4-fold increase in the mean total number of

moths captured during the spring and summer flights of 2004, respectively, when 0.97 mg

of Z11-14:0Ac was combined with 0.02 mg E11-14:0Ac (2%). There was no statistically

detectable increase in trap catch when the relative amount of £11-14:0Ac was 1%, and

increases above 2% did not significantly change average catch (Table 1). The addition of

Z11-14:0H to lures containing a blend of 0.97 mg Z11-14:OAc + 0.02 mg £11-14:0Ac

2%) did not affect the mean total number of moths captured during the spring and summer

flights of 2005 (Table 2). There was a 3.5- and 3.8-fold increase in the mean total number

TABLE 1. Mean + SD total number Choristoneura rosaceana captured in traps baited

with lures containing a constant amount of Z11-14:OAc and increasing amounts of E11-

14:0Ac.

Ari te Amount of compound, mg/lure Total number captured

Z11-14:0Ac El1-14:0Ac First flight Second Flight

l 0.97 0.0 5.4+3.4b (29) 8.5+8.7b (50)

2 0.97 0.01 10.6+11.6ab (64) — 22.04+30.6ab (134)

3 Om 0.02 14.6+17.3a (89) 32.8+51.8a (211)

4 0.97 0.04 8.7+7.2ab (48) 22.3+18.1ab (123)

5 0.97 0.08 6.9+7.4ab (40) —24.5+23.2ab (147)

6 0.0 0.0 0.0+0.0c (0) 0.0+0.0¢ (0)

Total number trapped in parenthesis. First flight, 11 June — 9 July 2004 (n = 270), RCB ANOVA, F = 6.21, df=

5,20, P = 0.0013; Second flight, 4 August — 16 September 2004 (n = 665), RCB ANOVA, F = 6.47, df = 5,20,

P = 0.001. Means within each flight followed by the same letter not significantly different (Fisher LSD test, P >

0.05).

TABLE 2. Mean + SD total number Choristoneura rosaceana captured in traps baited with

lures containing constant amounts of Z11-14:OAc and E11-14:OAc and increasing amounts

of Z11-14:0OH.

eee Amount of compound, mg/lure Total moths captured

Z\1-14:0Ac Ell-14:0Ac Z11-14:0H _ First flight | Second flight

ay unOoa 0.02 0.0 11.2+8.2a (61) 13.0£23.3a (374)

2 0.97 0.02 0.01 10.3+7.3a (56) 10.7+26.4a (348)

8 0.97 0.02 0.02 8.9+10.6a (52) 5.4+17.0a (193)

4 O97 0.02 0.04 13.9417.2a (82) 11.0+35.6a (355)

5 0.97 0.02 0.08 11.6+8.9a (63) 8.6+27.1a (283)

6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0£0.0b(0) ———_:0.0£0.0b (0) _

Total number trapped in parenthesis. First flight, 13 June — 11 July 2005 (n = 314), RCB ANOVA, F = 12.92,

df = 5,20, P < 0.0001); Second flight, 29 July — 21 September 2005 (n = 1554), Split-plot ANOVA, F = 4.78, df

= 5,60, P < 0.008. Means in a column within each flight followed by the same letter not significantly different

(Fisher LSD test, P > 0.05).

Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for C. rosaceana — JESO Volume 143, 2012

of moths captured during the spring and summer | mo

flights of 2010, respectively, when a blend of 2 lege | 9

’ ; 5 |L,le naar alss

0.97 mg Z11-14:0Ac + 0.02 mg £11-14:0Ac 2 Him cee eu Ve

(2%) + 0.015 mg Z11-14:0H (1.5%) was = ee ereoree S a=

combined with 0.01 mg (1%) of Z11-14:Ald gin 2e Sh Pisee

* = ley | SB) H OO = 1 ARO Pep | 2"

(Table 3). Mean trap catch declined when the ONS) sieve ect et eas sil ese

3 < . | lw . é A | A

relative amount of Z11-14:Ald was increased to S BA) 6 6 fm 5s

4% during the spring flight and to 8% during 5 = PD 3

the summer flight. There was a 2.3- and 3.7- ‘= S| Ss

fold increase in the mean total number of moths = = = E

captured during the spring and summer flights § I's aoeeseea.s

of 2006, respectively, when a blend of 097mg g |/G\S\2E KAS a oes

Z11-14:0Ac + 0.015 mg Zl1-14:0H (1.5%) 3 | jelgaegg3c"8

+ 0.01 mg ZI1-14:Ald (1%) was combined + Blo Pau A Hes

: = {56 12 Gay IN We) aI

with 0.01 mg (1%) of E1l-14:0Ac (Table 4). 2 Fe) A a 4 a Em gz

There was no increase in mean trap catch with 3 [RS tee Bean eect Rres

additional increases in the relative amount of ‘3 wt, seh Nas

E\1-14:0Ac. There was no change inthe mean w . <5

‘ ; ; ag SS

total number of moths captured during the spring & z asi iS is

and summer flights of 2007 when 0.01 mg Z11- <¢ + ay sazeoci< 5

. . Chon bee) | =~

14:0H (1%) was combined with a blend of 0.97 sche | ae BSS hil $ =

mg Z11-14:0Ac + 0.02 mg £11-14:0Ac (2%) 3 N N 2 <

+ 0.01 mg Z11-14:Ald (1%). There was a 1.8- 2S) | ee

é an |

and 2.3-fold decrease in the mean total number x = a c 2

of moths captured during these flights, however, S 2 3) in =

when 0.02 mg Z11-14:OH (2%) was used in this S = y cae Aes ol=s

blend (Table 5). There was no change in mean § §) WJ~ SSSSS SlSy

: Sis , ae In cn ee S NT ee,

trap catch with the addition of greater relative 5 3) §) < | 2 os

amounts of Z11-14:OH. = 3| Sle m| aye

See i

S a

3 El 8! | ee

§ S/s\s 23

Discussion So Blslaaaaacli?

wel oi—ie Cec CPSs a

9m e|ajoooonso =

The results of this study suggest that r= i | Fs | res

the optimum blend of synthetic pheromone 2 = | zz

compounds for use in monitoring C. rosaceana 3 § . |-2 >

in the Niagara peninsula of Ontario is a blend © 2 S FE is

of the main compound Z11-14:OAc plus the a e) SARARS =) BS =

minor compounds in relative amounts of 4 = DS SCR ae

1% E\1-14:0Ac, 0-1% Z11-14:0H and 1% § =|} |R Bil A

Z11-14:Ald. Traps baited only with the main 22 \BS 2

5 ies Ss) |\5= 6

compound required the addition of 2% Ell- ..<) € 5 Sis

14:0Ac to effect a significant increase in the .y e = e5 ee

; RPS ts}! (AY Ga Sr Ya) NS) Se

capture of moths, but when traps were baited RT = § ~s2

with the main compound and each of the three 4 RS os s oe Ec

JESO Volume 143, 2012

Trimble

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Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for C. rosaceana —_ JESO Volume 143, 2012

minor compounds, the inclusion of £11-14:OAc at 1% was sufficient to effect a significant

increase in the capture of C. rosaceana. There was no increase in the number of moths

captured with the use of greater relative amounts of £11-14:OAc in the complete, four-

compound blend.

The results suggest that it may not be necessary to include 71 1-14:OH in synthetic

C. rosaceana pheromone for use in the Niagara peninsula because there was no change in

the number of moths captured in traps baited with Z11-14:OAc plus 2% £11-14:0Ac when

Z\1-14:OH was included at 1, 2, 4 or 8% relative to the main compound. In addition, there

was no change in the number of moths captured when 1% Z11-14:OH was added to a blend

of Z11-14:OAc plus relative amounts of 2% £11-14:OAc and 1% Z11-14:Ald; the addition

of greater relative amounts of Z11-14:OH to this blend significantly reduced the number of

moths captured compared to the numbers captured in traps baited with a lure that did not

contain the alcohol. In another field trapping study conducted in Niagara peninsula apple

orchards, Trimble and Marshall (2008) were unable to detect any increase in trap catch

during three of four C. rosaceana flight periods when 1.5% Z11-14:OH was added to a

blend of Z11-14:OAc plus 2% E11-14:Ac; however, during a fourth flight period there was

a 2.2-fold increase in trap catch with the addition of the alcohol.

The pheromone gland of female C. rosaceana from the Niagara peninsula

contained Z11-14:OH in amounts ranging from 1|.16—2.20% relative to the main pheromone

compound Z11-14:OAc (El-Sayed et al. 2001ab, 2003; El-Sayed and Trimble 2002) and the

pheromone gland effluvium contained 1.75% Z11-14:OH relative to the main pheromone

compound (El-Sayed et al. 20014). In addition, the electroantennogram (EAG) response—

pheromone dose relationships measured in the antennae of male C. rosaceana from the

Niagara peninsula was similar for Z11-14:OAc and Z11-14:OH (El-Sayed et al. 20015).

The production and emission of Z11-14:OH by female C. rosaceana, and the ability of male

antennae to detect this compound suggests that it has a role in the pheromone-mediated

sexual communication of Niagara populations of this species. In a flight tunnel experiment

using male C. rosaceana from the Niagara peninsula, there was a trend of increase in

the proportion of individuals initiating the take-off, lock-on, close-in, and touchdown

phases of upwind flight to Z11-14:0Ac when E11-14:OAc, Z11-14:OH and Z11-14:Ald

were successively added in relative amounts of 2, 1.5 and 1%, respectively (Trimble and

Marshall 2008). This observation suggests that Z11-14:OH is important in the chemical

communication of C. rosaceana and should be included in a blend of synthetic pheromone

compounds for use in monitoring the presence and activity of this species in the Niagara

peninsula.

The results of the present study confirm the behavioural activity of the minor

pheromone compound Z11-14:Ald. There was an approximately 4-fold increase in the

capture of C. rosaceana in traps baited with Z11-14:OAc plus relative amounts of 2% £11-

14:0Ac and 1.5% Z11-14:0H when 1% Z11-14:Ald is added to the blend. In previous

trapping studies in Niagara peninsula apple orchards 2—3-fold increases in trap catch were

observed after the addition of 1% of the aldehyde compound (El-Sayed et al. 2001a, 2003;

Trimble and Marshall 2008).

The significance of differences between the mean numbers of C. rosaceana

captured in traps baited with different blends of pheromone was tested using both the Tukey

HSD test and the Fisher LSD test. The Tukey HSD test is very conservative, i.e. it has a low

Trimble JESO Volume 143, 2012

likelihood of declaring differences when none exist, whereas the Fisher LSD test is liberal,

i.e. it has a higher likelihood of declaring differences when none exist (Chew 1976). The

approach recommended by Dallal (2001) was used to test for the significance of differences

between the mean numbers of C. rosaceana captured in traps baited with difference blends

of synthetic pheromone compounds. The Tukey HSD was first applied and significant

differences were accepted. If no differences were found using the Tukey HSD test, the

significance of differences between means was then tested using the Fisher LSD test. Dallal

(2001) advised that differences judged significant by the Fisher LSD test but not by the

Tukey HSD test should be considered open to further investigation. In the present study,

the Tukey HSD test identified differences between means only in the experiment where the

relative amount of Z11-14:Ald was varied in a blend of Z11-14:OAc plus 2% E11-14:0Ac

and 1.5% Z11-14:OH. This suggests that additional experimentation should be undertaken

to confirm the results of the other experiments carried out in this study. The use of a flight

tunnel for these studies would eliminate the need to control for possible trap position

effects and would permit between-experiment uniformity of sample size. Flight tunnel

experiments, however, might not yield pheromone-blend differences that are detectable

using a conservative multiple comparison test like the Tukey HSD. For example, Trimble

and Marshall (2008) did not detect an increase in the number of C. rosaceana males landing

at a pheromone source in a flight tunnel when 2% Z11-14:Ald was added to a blend of Z11-

14:0Ac plus 2% E11-14:0Ac and 1.5% Z11-14:0OH, whereas in the currently reported field

trapping study, a 2.4—3.7-fold increase in the capture of C. rosaceana was detected with the

addition of 2% of the aldehyde to this blend of compounds.

There is evidence of geographic variation in the optimum ratio of the main

pheromone compound and its £-isomer. For example, in New York apple orchards, Hill

and Roelofs (1979) found that traps baited with the main compound required the addition

of at least 3% E11-14:OAc to significantly increase the capture of C. rosaceana. They also

found no difference in the number of moths captured when using relative amounts of E11-

14:0Ac ranging from 3—12%); in their study the number of trapped moths declined when

the relative amount of £11-14:O0Ac exceeded 12%. In a Quebec woodlot, Delisle (1992)

found that during the first annual flight of C. rosaceana traps baited with Z11-14:OAc plus

10% E11-14:OAc captured more C. rosaceana than traps baited with Z11-14:OAc plus

3% E11-14:OAc; these blends captured similar numbers of moths during the second flight

of the year. In Michigan apple orchards, traps baited with the main pheromone compound

plus 5% Z11-14:OH and 2% Z11-14:Ald captured more C. rosaceana when E11-14:O0Ac

was included at 4% compared to when this compound was included at | or 10%, whereas

in Oregon apple orchards, the addition of E11-14:OAc at 1% resulted in the capture of a

greater number of C. rosaceana than when this compound was added at 4 or 10% (Stelinski

et al. 2007).

There is also evidence of geographic variation in the behavioural activity of Z11-

14:OH when used as a component of synthetic pheromone for monitoring C. rosaceana. For

example, in New York apple orchards, Hill and Roelofs (1979) found statistically similar

increases of 1.5—2.2-fold in the capture of C. rosaceana when 0.5—5% Z11-14:0H was

added to a two compound blend of Z11-14:0Ac plus 3% £11-14:OAc. In Quebec, Delisle

(1992) found that the capture of C. rosaceana increased in traps baited with Z11-14:O0Ac

plus 2% E11-14:0Ac when Z11-14:0OH was added at 1.5% relative to Z11-14:O0Ac, and

Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for C. rosaceana — JESO Volume 143, 2012

as well in traps baited with Z11-14:OAc plus 5.6 % E11-14:0Ac when Z11-14:0H was

added at 5.6% relative to Z11-14:OAc. In Michigan apple orchards, traps baited with the

main pheromone compound plus 4% E11-14:0Ac and 2% Z11-14:Ald captured similar

numbers of C. rosaceana when Z11-14:OH was included at 1, 4 and 10% relative to the

main compound (Stelinski et al. 2007). In Oregon apple orchards during the first annual

flight, the addition of Z11-14:OH to the three compound blend used in Michigan at 1%

and 4% resulted in similar trap catches of C. rosaceana, but trap catch was reduced when

the alcohol compound was included at 10% relative to the main compound; trap catch was

greatest using 1% Z11-14:OH during the second flight period in Oregon (Stelinski et al.

2007).

Geographic variation in the behavioural activity of 71 1-14:Ald has been previously

reported for C. rosaceana. The pheromone gland of populations from British Columbia,

Michigan, Ontario, Quebec, New York (El-Sayed et al. 2003) and from Oregon (Stelinski

et al. 2007) contained Z11-14:Ald, and the inclusion of this compound in traps baited with

Z\1-14:0Ac, E11-14:0Ac and Z11-14:0OH resulted in significant increases in the capture

of moths in all of these locations except Michigan (El-Sayed et al. 2003; Stelinski et al.

2007) and New York (El-Sayed et al. 2003). The addition of Z11-14:Ald to traps baited

with Z11-14:0Ac, E11-14:O0Ac and Z11-14:OH also significantly increased trap catch of

C. rosaceana in Minnesota apple orchards (Fadamiro 2004). The current study provides

additional information on geographic variation in the behavioural activity of Z11-14:Ald

in C. rosaceana. In Niagara apple orchards, there was no change in the number of moths

trapped when the relative amount of Z11-14:Ald was increased from | % to 2%, but trap

catch declined when the amount was increase to 4% during the first flight, and to 8% in the

second annual flight. In a previous trapping study in Niagara peninsula apple orchards, the

capture of C. rosaceana declined when the relative amount of Z11-14:Ald was increased

from 4 to 8% (El-Sayed et al. 2003). By contrast, in British Columbia apple orchards,

Vakenti et al. (1988) found no change in the number of C. rosaceana captured in traps baited

with Z11-14:O0Ac plus 2% E11-14:O0Ac and 1.5% Z11-14:0H when Z11-14:Ald was added

at 2, 4 and 8% relative to Z11:14:OAc. Similarly, in Oregon apple orchards, traps baited

with the main pheromone compound plus 4% £11-14:OAc and 5% Z11-14:OH captured

similar numbers of C. rosaceana when Z11-14:Ald was included at 4 and 10% (Stelinski et

al. 2007).

In addition to the relative amounts of minor compounds in synthetic pheromone,

pheromone dose and formulation can also affect the performance of a synthetic sex-

pheromone lure (Wall 1989). In the present study, rubber stoppers were loaded with 1

mg of pheromone but it is not known if this resulted in optimal attractiveness under the

conditions in which the effectiveness of different pheromone blends was compared. In

British Columbia, Vakenti et al. (1988) found that traps baited with lures loaded with 3 mg

of an optimally attractive blend captured 13x more C. rosaceana than traps baited with 0.3

mg of the same blend of compounds. The use of the optimally attractive pheromone load in

a lure could be important when monitoring small populations of C. rosaceana, and therefore

additional research should be carried out to determine the relationship between pheromone

load and trap catch for this pest in Niagara peninsula apple orchards.

The amount of pheromone loaded into a stopper could also affect its longevity.

In the present study the rubber stopper lures were renewed every two weeks during the

Trimble JESO Volume 143, 2012

4-6 week flight period of C. rosaceana in to an attempt to compensate for a change in

their attractiveness due to the loss of pheromone, or to a change in the ratio of pheromone

compounds. Additional research should also be undertaken to determine the rate of decline

in attractiveness of lures to insure that reductions in trap catch are the result of declines in

population density and not lure attractiveness.

Sex-pheromone lures can be formulated using rubber, polyethylene or polyvinyl

chloride, and the material used to control the release of pheromone will also affect the

longevity of a lure (Wall 1989). In addition, the formulation material can also affect the

stability of pheromone compounds. For example, McDonough (1991) found that aldehyde

pheromone compounds were susceptible to oxidation when formulated on rubber substrates.

In British Columbia however, Vakenti et al. (1988) found that the addition of an antioxidant

compound to natural rubber lures loaded with Z11-14:OAc plus 2% E11-14:OAc, 1.5% Z11-

14:0H and 1% Z11-14:Ald had no effect on the number of C. rosaceana captured after 10

weeks of field use. This suggests that oxidation of Z11-12:Ald should not be a contributing

factor to a decline in lure attractiveness when C. rosaceana synthetic pheromone is loaded

into natural rubber sleeve stoppers.

Acknowledgements

I thank Donald Marshall, Iris Roman, Jocelyn Fedyczko and Natasha McDonald for

technical assistance.

References

Anonymous. 2009. Integrated Pest Management for Apples. Publication 310. Ontario

Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.

Anonymous. 2010. Fruit Production Recommendations 2010-2011. Publication 360.

Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs.

Cardé, R. T., Cardé, A. M., Hill, A. S. and Roelofs, W. L. 1977. Sex pheromone specificity as

a reproductive isolating mechanism among the sibling species Archips argyrospilus

and A. ortuanus and other sympatric Tortricine moths (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).

Journal of Chemical Ecology 3: 7\—84.

Chapman P. J. and Lienk, S. E. 1971. Tortricid Fauna of Apple in New York (Lepidoptera;

Tortricidae). New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva, NY.

Chew, V. 1976. Comparing treatment means: a compendium. HortScience 11: 348-357.

Dallal, G. E. 2001. The little handbook of statistical practice {online}. Available from: http://

www.jerrydallal.com/LHSP/HTM [accessed 12 October 2011].

Delisle, J. 1992. Monitoring the seasonal male flight activity of Choristoneura rosaceana

(Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in eastern Canada using virgin females and several

different pheromone blends. Environmental Entomology 21: 1007-1012.

Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for C. rosaceana — JESO Volume 143, 2012

El-Sayed, H .M., Fraser, H. M. and Trimble, R. M. 2001a. Chemical identification and

behavioral activity of (Z)-11-tetradecenal in an eastern North American population

of the obliquebanded leafroller. The Canadian Entomologist 133: 365-374.

El-Sayed, H. M., Fraser, H. M. and Trimble, R. M. 20015. Modification of the sex-

pheromone communication system associated with organophosphorus-insecticide

resistance in the obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian

Entomologist 133: 867-881.

El-Sayed, A. M. and Trimble, R. M. 2002. Pheromone content of azinphosmethy|-susceptible

and -resistant obliquebanded leafrollers (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) as a function of

time of day and female age. The Canadian Entomologist 134: 331-341.

El-Sayed, A. M., Delisle, J., DeLury, N., Gut, L. J., Judd, G. J. R., Legrand, S., Reissig, W.

H., Roelofs, W. L., Unelius, C. R. and Trimble, R. M. 2003. Geographic variation

in pheromone chemistry, antennal electrophysiology and pheromone-mediated

trap catch of North American populations of the obliquebanded leafroller.

Environmental Entomology 32: 470-476.

Fadamiro, H. Y. 2004. Pest phenology and evaluation of traps and pheromone lures for

monitoring flight activity of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in

Minnesota apple orchards. Journal of Economic Entomology 97: 530-538.

Hill, A. S. and Roelofs, W. L. 1979. Sex pheromone components of the obliquebanded

leafroller moth, Choristoneura rosaceana. Journal of Chemical Ecology 5: 3-11.

McDonough, L.M. 1991. Controlled release of insect sex pheromones from a natural rubber

substrate. Pp. 106—124 in P. A. Hedin (ed.), Naturally Occurring Pest Bioregulators,

American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

Roelofs, W. L. and Tette, J. P. 1970. Sex pheromone of the oblique-banded leafroller moth.

Nature 226: 1172.

SAS Institute. 2007. JMP® version 7. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

Snedecor, G. W. and Cochran, W. G. 1989. Statistical Methods, 8" Edition. Blackwell,

Ames, Iowa.

Stelinski, L. L., McKenzie, D., Gut, L. J., Isaacs, L J. R. and Brunner, J. 2007. Comparison

of female attractiveness and male response among populations of Choristoneura

rosaceana (Harris) in western and eastern U.S. apple orchards. Environmental

Entomology 36: 1032-1039.

Thomson, D. R., Angerilli, N. P. D., Vincent, C. and Gaunce, A. P. 1991. Evidence for

regional differences in the response of obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera:

Tortricidae) to sex pheromone blends. Environmental Entomology 20: 935-938.

Trimble, R. M. and Appleby, M. E. 2004. Comparison of efficacy of programs using

insecticide and insecticide plus mating disruption for controlling the obliquebanded

leafroller in apple (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 97:

518-524.

Trimble, R. M. and El-Sayed, A. M. 2006. Effect of certain monounsaturated dodecene and

tetradecene acetates and alcohols on electroantennogram response and pheromone-

mediated trap catch of the obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana

(Harris) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). The Canadian Entomologist 138: 218-227.

Trimble, R. M. and Marshall, D. B. 2008. Relative attractiveness of incomplete and complete

blends of synthetic pheromone to male obliquebanded leafroller (Lepidoptera:

Trimble JESO Volume 143, 2012

Tortricidae) moths in a flight tunnel and in apple orchards: implications for sex

pheromone-mediated mating disruption of this species. Environmental Entomology

37: 366-373.

Vakenti, J. M., Gaunce, A. P., Slessor, K. N., King, G. G. S., Allan, S. A., Madsen, H. F. and

Borden, J. H. 1988. Sex pheromone components of the oblique-banded leafroller,

Choristoneura rosaceana in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia. Journal of

Chemical Ecology 14: 605-662.

Wall, C. 1989. Monitoring and spray timing. Pp. 39—66 in Jutsum, A. R. and Gordon, R. F.

S. (eds.), /nsect Pheromones in Plant Protection, John Wiley and Sons, London.

Weires, R. and Riedl, H. 1991. Other tortricids on pome and stone fruits. Pp. 413-434 in

van der Geest, L. P. S. and Evenhuis, H. H. (eds.), Zortricid Pests. Their Biology,

Natural Enemies and Control. Elsevier Science Publishing Company, New York,

NY.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

REVISION OF OOCTONUS (HYMENOPTERA: MYMARIDAE) IN

THE NEARCTIC REGION

J.T. HUBER

Canadian Forest Service c/o AAFC,

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON, Canada K1A 0C6

email: john.huber@agr.gc.ca

Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 143: 15-105

The genus Ooctonus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) includes 14 species

in the Nearctic Region north of Mexico. The known species are redescribed

and five new species are described: O. arizonensis Huber, sp. n., O. boltei

Huber, sp. n., O. ongipetiolus Huber sp. n., O. readae Huber, sp. n., and O.

triapitsyni Huber, sp. n. One new synonym is proposed: O. auripes Whittaker,

syn. n., under O. vu/gatus Haliday. A key to females is given. Known hosts

in North America are Cercopoidea (one species of Aphrophora Germar and

one of Philaenus Stal) and, in the Old World, Cicadellidae (one species of

Nephotettix Matsumura and one of Cicadella Latreille).

Published December 2012

Introduction

Ooctonus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) is predominantly a Northern

Hemisphere genus. Twelve species are recorded in the Palaearctic Region and five in the

Oriental Region (Triapitsyn 2010). Burks (1979) catalogued eight species in the Nearctic

region. Triapitsyn (2010) synonymized two Nearctic names under European names

(americanus Girault under vulgatus Haliday, and auripes Whittaker under notatus Walker)

and recorded three other European species (hemipterus Haliday, insignis Haliday, and

sublaevis Foerster) in the Nearctic region, the latter two mistakenly, as discussed below.

Three native and one introduced species (O. vulgatus) are known from the Southern

Hemisphere (Huber et al. 2010).

The Nearctic species are revised here. They are classified into 14 species, 5 of them

new. Although no species have been described from south of the USA, a few specimens have

been collected from high elevations in Mexico and from Costa Rica, and will be treated

separately.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Materials and Methods

About 2040 specimens (about 1050 females and 990 males from Canada and

USA) and an additional 210 European specimens identified by Triapitsyn (2010) and

160 specimens identified by the author using the key in Triapitsyn (2010) were seen. The

specimens were borrowed from the following institutions (curators in parentheses), or if not

borrowed (some types) the depository is given without a curator name.

AEIC — American Entomological Institute, Gainesville, Florida (D. Wahl).

BMNH — Natural History Museum, London, UK (G. Broad).

CAS — California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California (R. Zuparko).

CFS-Great Lakes — Canadian Forest Service, Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario (1. Ochoa).

CFS-Pacific — Canadian Forest Service, Victoria, British Columbia (L. Humble).

CLEV — Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio (T. Pucci).

CNC — Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario (A. Bennett).

ICCM — Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Insects and Spiders Section, Pittsburg,

Pennsylvania (J. Rawlins).

NMID — National Museum of Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.

NMPC ~— Bouéek collection, National Museum (Natural History), Prague, Czech Republic

(P. JanSta).

ROM — Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario (C. Darling).

UCFC — University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida (S. Fullerton).

UCRC — University of California, Riverside, California (S. Triapitsyn).

USNM ~— National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia (M.

Gates).

Within America north of Mexico some species appear to be fairly uniform

throughout their range; others appear to be more variable, making it difficult to describe

them and find stable features to distinguish them from other species. A conservative view of

species is therefore used to avoid subdividing the genus into numerous ‘species’ that cannot

be defined meaningfully, as was unfortunately done by W. Soyka (1941) for the European

Ooctonus. Two or more species may be obtained from the same collecting event, so care

must be taken to examine all specimens from a locality in case the series is mixed.

Photographs were taken with a digital CCD camera attached to a compound

microscope, and the resulting layers combined electronically using Auto-Montage”™ and

retouched as needed with Adobe” Photoshop. Micrographs were taken with a scanning

electron microscope after gold coating specimens mounted on stubs with carbon tape or, on

occasion, from uncoated specimens on their card or point mounts.

Measurements are given in micrometers (um). Body length was measured from

the transverse trabecula to the gastral apex for critical point dried specimens; the remaining

measurements were from cleared and slide mounted specimens. Triapitsyn (2010) should

be consulted for most references to species described from Europe and reliably reported in

North America, 1.e., O. hemipterus, O. notatus, and O. vulgatus. A few references to these

species that he missed are given below; the numerous others are not duplicated here.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Structures are labelled mostly on Figs. 6-10 and 193-199, and abbreviations

are explained Table 1. Terms are according to Gibson (1997), Krogmann and Vilhelmsen

(2006) for the body, Ronquist and Nordlander (1989) and Gibson (2004) for some wing

structures. Terms in Viggiani (1970; 1988), and Chiappini and Mazzoni (2000) are used for

male genitalia; the basal ring is absent in Mymaridae, so their labeling of it is incorrect.

Two structural characters not previously used in taxonomy of Mymaridae are named

here because they are useful to help to define genera or groups of genera within Mymaridae

though they may not help distinguish species within a given genus. Both characters are

internal and can only be observed in properly cleared and slide mounted specimens. The

first character occurs inside the compound eye, seen in lateral view. The eye is rimmed

internally by a narrow ocular ridge that becomes more or less widened anteriorly (Takaie

1999, fig. 5B) and often continues well into the eye as a long, slender ocular apophysis. In

Ooctonus species the apophyses are wide and blunt apically (Fig. 62). The second character,

named here the scutellar fenestra, is a lighter area of varying shape usually between and

posterior to the placoid sensilla on the anterior scutellum seen in dorsal view, but in many

genera it may occupy much of the anterior scutellum. In Ooctonus, the scutellar fenestra

(Fig. 140) is a triangle with rounded corners, a narrower apex anteriorly, and wider base

posteriorly at the level of the frenal line. Internally, it seems to be defined by a thinning on

the underside of the cuticle, hence the lighter colour compared to the surrounding cuticle.

The area of thinning partly lines up with the fenestra, a hole through the thin, transverse

internal septum across the scutellar-axillar complex present in some genera (Fig. 139, and

Krogmann and Vilhelmsen 2006, fig. 10D). A fan-shaped muscle (t,t,) that appears to

originate on the posterior ridge of the frenum (its origin is in the metasctellum) fans out

anteriorly past the apex of the fenestra. It lies along the inner surface of the frenum for its

entire length and can be seen from the outside though the cuticle (Fig. 140) or from the

inside (Fig. 139) against the inner surface of the frenum. The shape of the scutellar fenestra

differs somewhat among Ooctonus species.

Sixty-four Ooctonus specimens were submitted for barcoding to the Biodiversity

Institute, Guelph, Ontario. Specimens were removed from their cards, DNA was extracted

using non-destructive methods (Ivanova et al. 2006; Porco et al. 2010), and returned in

ethanol to the CNC where they were critical point dried for a second time and remounted

on pins with their tracking numbers and original locality labels, and their identities

corrected, where necessary. A 658-bp region near the 5’ terminus of the CO! gene was

amplified using standard primers (LepFl-LepR1). If the internal 658 bp amplification

was not successful composite sequences were generated using internal primers. Primer

information for individual sequences can be retrieved from the Barcode of Life System

(BOLD) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). Collection data for all barcoded specimens are

in the Material examined sections. Successful barcodes and the corresponding Genbank

sequences are listed in Table 2.

Taxonomy

Ooctonus Haliday, 1833: 269, 343. Type species: O. insignis Haliday, designated by

Westwood 1839: 78.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Sphecomicrus Haliday in Walker, 1846: 50 (and errata). Type species: O. insignis Haliday,

designated by Peck, 1951: 410.

Ooctonus Haliday: Triapitsyn 2010: 11 (literature, diagnosis, classification, distribution,

hosts, keys to Palaearctic, European, and Oriental species); Huber et al., 2010: 222

(African species).

Diagnosis. Ooctfonus is distinguished from all other genera of Mymaridae by the combination

of tarsi 5-segmented, propodeum with diamond-shaped pattern of carinae (Figs. 7, 8, 97—

138), fore wing venation about one-third the wing length, and parastigma with hypochaeta

next to proximal macrochaeta (Fig. 10). Boudiennyia is the most similar genus, differing by

the propodeum with an H-shaped pattern of carinae and fore wing venation about half the

wing length.

Description. Female. Colour. Dark brown to black, usually with base of antenna, legs

and petiole yellow or brown. Sculpture. Head, mesoscutum, mesoscutellum, anterior

half of axilla, and sometimes metanotum, propodeum and petiole with fairly conspicuous,

usually engraved, reticulate microsculpture, the reticulations largest on the frenum. Head.

Face without subantennal sulci and without a small pit medially next to each torulus (Figs.

26-39). Antenna. Funicle 8-segmented; clava entire (Figs. 63-76), with 8 mps (7 in a

few extralimital species) (Fig. 76). Mesosoma. Pronotum (Fig. 7) entire, with transverse

carina posteriorly separating short, curved collar with strongly angular anterolateral corners

from anteriorly tapering neck; notauli complete, deep but thin; propleura broadly abutting

anteriorly (Fig. 197), thus separating prosternum from head [prosternum ‘closed’ |; prosternal

discrimen complete; prepectus strap-like, about as wide dorsally and ventrally (Figs. 6,

197); frenum more than half length of mesoscutellum and separated from mesoscutellum

by curved row of shallow fovea (Fig. 7); metanotum with distinct, usually smooth

metascutellum (Fig. 8); propodeum (Fig. 8) with plicae (sublateral carinae of Triapitsyn

2010) extending from posterior margin near outer margin of coxae almost to anterior margin

at about level of lateral margins of metascutellum, with submedian carinae arranged in a

rhomboid (diamond) shape, and usually with a short transverse carina (costula) extending

between submedian carina and plica (the median area of propodeum thus consists of five

large, usually complete, pentagonal areoles); anterior margin of propodeum often with a

short posteriorly-directed and strongly sclerotized spur almost opposite anterior apex of

plica; propodeal nucha short, separated anteriorly from pentagonal areoles by a transverse

carina; Legs. Tarsi 5-segmented. Metasoma. Petiole narrow, much longer than wide (Fig.

195), with posterior half divided by a ventrolongitudinal suture (as in Fig. 198); gaster

(Fig. 195) smooth except for slight reticulation around apex of petiole (at junction of gs, );

gt, the largest tergum, apparently 3-lobed in dorsal view, the two lateral lobes extending

posteriorly and, in lateral view (Fig. 195), with their strongly rounded margins covering

anterior sterna and part of gt,, especially ventrally; gt, with a tuft of 3 appressed, posteriorly

directed setae next to a deep pit at junction between median and lateral lobes and midway

between anterior and posterior margins of tergum; gt, almost as long as gt,; remaining terga

short; gt, with spiracle; gt, with cerci, in dorsal view, separated from each other by more

than a cercus width.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Male. Similar to female except antenna, sometimes ocelli and shape of gaster (Fig.

196). Flagellum 11-segmented, each with several mps extending almost entire length of

segment. Ocelli usually slightly larger than in female, e.g., Figs. 46 vs 47 and Figs. 54 vs

55. Metasoma without spiracle. Gaster with gs, the longest segment (Fig. 199), but it and

following sterna often hidden by terga (Fig. 198). Genitalia (Figs. 178-186, 191-194) usually

at least half length of gaster, with a long, tubular phallobase, aedeagal apodemes apparently

not articulated but continuous with base of aedeagus, digiti with 3 teeth and‘parameres’

slender and fairly long.

Males usually have darker legs than females. This is most noticeable in species with

uniformly yellow legs in females. In one species, O. hemipterus, male fore wing shape is

different from wing shape in macropterous females (micropterous males are not known).

Species characters. The species within almost any genus of Mymaridae are often

very similar, difficult to characterize and distinguish from one another. Usually, several

qualitative features and quantitative features (measurements, ratios, numbers of sensilla,

structural features) taken together are needed to distinguish a species. In Ooctonus, the most

important feature for all species is the pattern of propodeal carinae, and mps distribution

on and proportions of female flagellar segments. Other qualitative characters that help

define some species are: leg, antenna, and petiole colour, relative size of compound eye,

ocellar diameter relative to LOL, presence of a stemmaticum (Fig. 43—white lines in

cleared specimens from mid to lateral ocelli), mesosomal seta length, and wing shape.

Microsculpture, of the mesonotal midlobe in particular, varies subtly among species and, if

present (occasionally it is absent medially on frenum) is best described using two features:

the mesh surrounding each cell, its shape and whether it is above or below the cell, and the

cell itself (sculpticell, Goulet 1996: 23) (whether it is higher or lower relative to the mesh).

It is best seen in scanning electon micrographs (Figs. 100-102, 106—108, 112—114, 118-120

123-138). Other characters that are sometimes useful are fore and hind wing proportions,

presence or absence of a hair line/wing fold, fore wing marginal vein length, female gaster

shape, and ovipositor/metatibia ratio.

Males are difficult or impossible to identify to species (as is usual for Mymaridae)

unless they can be clearly associated with the corresponding females. Male antennae vary

in length, with length/width of fl, varying from 2.85—5.03 and total flagellum length varying

from 918—2027, depending on the specimen and the species. Because male antennal length

and flagellomere proportions can vary considerably within a species and there is often

substantial overlap in these measurements they are often not useful for species identification.

Flagellomere shape may sometimes be useful, varying from evenly cylindrical to slightly

swollen basally. Overall length of the genitalia, shape and length/width proportions of the

phallobase, and length of aedeagal apodemes compared to the aedeagus vary among the

species.

Type material. Whittaker (1931) described four species of Ooctonus. In his brief

introduction he stated that a paratype of each species was placed in the USNM but gave no

other depositories for the remaining specimens. They were found in the BMNH. He also

did not specifically state under each species description that one specimen was the holotype.

A red label with “paratype” typed on it is pinned under each specimen in the USNM and a

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

second red paratype label with a USNM number was later added. A red label with “type”

written in black ink on it is pinned under one specimen of each of the Whittaker species

in BMNH and a lectotype label (white circle with purple border) is the top label on one

specimen of each of them but this was clearly added later and the lectotype designation

was not published. Despite the red ‘type’ or ‘paratype’ labels on the specimens, | formally

designate below the specimens bearing lectotype labels in the BMNH as lectotypes because

no holotypes were specified in the original descriptions.

Biology. The few host records available indicate that Ooctonus species parasitize eggs

of Cercopoidea and, less often, Cicadellidae. Members of both host families cause direct

feeding damage and may also transmit plant pathogens (Hamilton 1982; Nault 1989; Dupo

and Barrion 2009). Triapitsyn (2010) summarized the few host records for the Palaearctic

region—O. orientalis Doutt parasitizes Nephotettix cincticeps (Uhler) (cited in Doutt 1961)

and Cicadella viridis L. (Doutt 1961) (Cicadellidae). An unidentified species, questionably

of Ooctonus, parasitizes Nephotettix virescens (Distant) on rice (Dupo and Barrion 2009).

The only previously published hosts for Ooctonus in North America are O. aphrophorae

Milliron on Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch) (Milliron 1947) and O. vulgatus (as O.

americanus) on Philaenus spumarius (L.) (Weaver and King 1954). The white pine weevil,

Pissodes strobi Peck (Curculionidae), is recorded below as a host of O. quadricarinatus.

This record is doubtful and needs confirmation before it can be accepted as reliable.

Key to Nearctic Ooctonus species in America North of Mexico. Females.

l Micropterous or brachypterous, the wings not extending beyond apex of gaster

(Fig. 1) and venation length at least half wing length (Figs. 147, 148)..............

1iten vadon hd eb eda asst SOREL REL RRR I IIE hemipterus Haliday (part)

- Macropterous, the wings extending well beyond gastral apex (Figs. 2-5) and

venation length much less than half wing length (Figs. 141-146, 149—158)...2

2(1) Ovipositor at least 1.7 as long as metatibia and exserted considerably beyond

apex of gaster (Figs. 3, 159, 187, 189); legs black or dark brown, coxae almost

Same colour aS mnesosomia (Hig. pS) ieee etter cttee eee eee eee 3

— Ovipositor at most 1.4* as long as metatibia and at most only slightly exserted

beyond apex of gaster (e.g., Figs. 2, 160); legs yellow or brown, coxae usually

different in colour from mesosoma, yellow or light brown (Figs. 1, 2, 4, 5) but

sometimes '(O’ fuscipes)| dark: Brows: Merits eeseeeeea einen eens 4

3(2) Gaster unusual in shape (Figs. 159, 187), in lateral view with dorsal margin

of gt, concave posteriorly and gaster projecting anteriorly under mesosoma;

petiole attached about 0.25* gaster length from anterior apex of gaster; funicle

withoutimps on flyomile(Mige6S)s vein santos econo aphrophorae Milliron

~ Gaster normal in shape (Figs. 160-177, 188-190), in lateral view with dorsal

margin of gt, more or less straight; petiole attached almost at anterior apex of

gaster; funicle with | (rarely 0) mps on fl, and | on fl, (Fig. 72)...

Lk Ae, AE ene Ae, SOREN, SAA, BATE ENR, ORT Sa: quadricarinatus Girault

Revision of the genus Oocfonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

S(4)

6(5)

7(6)

8(4)

Vertex with stemmaticum [on cleared specimens seen as white lines extending

from supraorbital trabecula along eye margin to mid ocellus and from mid

ocellus to lateral ocelli (Figs. 41, 43, 45); on dry specimens seen as lines or

slightiyrarsedmnidges (EVs: S2YS 3556) NA. ei tk Piaierectccsncittscatsssossssonscsetoased

Vertex without stemmaticum (Figs. 40, 42, 44, 54, 55, 57-61)... eee 8

Mesosoma laterally and propodeum between major carinae entirely covered

with reticulate sculpture (Figs. 105, 108, 130); fore wing apex rounded and

with distinct brown basal band (Fig. 146)................ hemipterus Haliday (part)

Mesosoma laterally and propodeum between major carinae entirely smooth

(Figs. 90, 91, 93, 94, 96, 126-129, 131-138); fore wing apex truncate and

without brown band (Figs. 141—145, 1S0—158)........ ce ccceecccteesecsecceeesonccceeeens 6

Propodeal spur absent (Figs. 111, 114, 133) [also absent in hemipterus, Figs.

92, 105, 108, 130]; mesoscutum without median longitudinal groove (Fig.

AIAN) El eww. © us GrenaigISM( ei eee Aly) saecemenetae cnet cna cen-coreckreesec aces nese ones oc? occidentalis

Propodeal spur present (Figs. 125-129, 131, 132, 134-136); mesoscutum with

median longitudinal groove (Figs. 103, 106, 109, 112); fl, with at least 1 mps

CEI SAGGNOD) OS AES RIOR IE, SIAMESE SIAL, cccabecececndoctce 7

Petiole shorter than combined lengths of metacoxa and metatrochanter (Fig.

162); clava short, at most 0.18* funicle length; entire funicle longer, e.g.,

length/width ratio of fl, at least about 5.8 (Fig. 66).......... canadensis Whittaker

Petiole longer than combined lengths of metacoxa and metatrochanter (Fig.

165); clava longer, at least 0.26* funicle length; entire funicle shorter, e.g.,

length/width ratio of fl, at most about 3.8 (Fig. 69)........cccccccceeseeeseseseseseseees

Frenum smooth medially (Figs. 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 124), rarely reticulate

OMLYeilipPOSteLl Or third SEAR Hea Ie Eee SS a ek 3)

Frenum entirely reticulate (Figs. 97-115, 118, 121, 123), sometimes only

ative SO teete neta tA hes Nea, PSR Oe Maha A hoc doa Heed dasa 11

Pimandsiswathoutsnpss(Pigsarasi6) wic0e. 22a Ss 10

Fl. with 1 mps and fl, with | (rarely without) mps (Fig. 73).........cccccceeeeseeee

Ui: EOI ES ed Ee APN OAS LIU Ns ce ati let. readae Huber, sp. n.

Propodeum without a median carina, the pentagonal areole joined to anterior

margin of propodeum by converging dorsolateral carinae (Figs. 122, 124, 138);

marginal + stigmal vein short (Fig. 158); funicle with fl—fl, relatively long,

e.g., fl, length/width at least about 2.7 (Fig. 76); ocelli small (16 wm), LOL

about 4.0x mid ocellar diameter (Fig. 61)............c:cccssceeseeees vulgatus Haliday

Propodeum with a short median carina, the pentagonal areole thus separated

from anterior margin of propodeum (Figs. 117, 120, 136); marginal + stigmal

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

vein longer (Fig. 156); funicle with fl, — fl, relatively short, e.g., fl, length/

width at most 2.3 (Fig. 74); ocelli larger (24 um), LOL about 2.0 mid ocellar

diameter (Big. 59) s.r ee ee es silvensis Girault

11(8) Fl. without mps (Fig. 67), rarely with 1 mps on one antenna................::0ccee

sav Raa ROR HG RR SBT: as na ge ered As Jfuscipes Whittaker

~ Flawithel<or 2ampsiom bothiantenmacstatats...te.. 0:5 ievescceeee- cee 12

12(11) Propodeum without a median carina, the pentagonal areole joined to anterior

margin by converging dorsolateral carinae (Figs. 110, 113, 132); fl, without

mps (Fig. 70); smaller species, with body at most 930 um long and fore wing

length atdnost,9S0) pin longusei eee eee ee notatus Walker

- Propodeum with a median carina, the pentagonal areole distinctly separated

from anterior margin; fl, with at least | mps, rarely without; larger species, with

body at least 1075 um long and fore wing length at least 1100 um long........ 13

13(12) Ovipositor shorter, at most 0.80* metatibia length.............. boltei Huber, sp. n.

~ Ovipositor longer; at least'0:97>metatibia length: 322.. 222s eee eee ee 14

14(13) Legs uniformly yellow; apical funicle segments shorter and wider, e.g., fl,, fl,,

fl, length/width ratios at most 2.19, 2.07, and 1.81, respectively; body slightly

shorter,atanostdl 330, uma aes eee triapitsyni Huber, sp. n.

- Legs mainly brown; apical funicle segments longer and narrower, e.g., fl,, fl, fl,

length/width ratios at least 2.40, 2.33, 1.99, respectively; body slightly longer,

at least.1350 pumyncs rhe eae Se ees dees arizonensis Huber, sp. n.

Ooctonus aphrophorae Milliron

(Figs: 26; 46,4763, 77489; 97, 100,125, 141,159) 7 S87)

Ooctonus aphrophorae Milliron, 1947: 219; Peck, 1951: 410 (catalogue); Ewan, 1961:

43 (host); Peck, 1963: 18 (catalogue); Herting, 1972: 10 (host); Wilson, 1978: 3

(percent parasitism); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue, Ohio record).

Type material. Holotype 2 in USNM (examined), on triangular card point labelled 1.

“USA: Wisc. Lakewood, 18 Sept. ‘46”. 2. “Ex egg of Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch)”. 3.

“Ooctonus 9 aphrophorae Milliron ’46 Holotype”. 3. “Type No. 58267 U.S.N.M.”.

Paratypes. 759, 42¢ (USNM, examined). USA. Wisconsin. Oconto Co.:

Lakewood, 18, 20, 21 and 26 ix.1946, ex Aphrophora saratogensis. The paratype numbers

are lower than reported by Milliron (1947) because several card triangles examined no

longer had specimens on them.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus aphrophorae is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

unusual gaster that projects anteriorly under the mesosoma and is very narrow anteriorly

(Fig. 159), with the petiole attached quite far from the anterior apex of the gaster and the

dorsal surface of gt, concave posteriorly (Fig. 187).

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

In colour O. aphrophorae is most similar to O. quadricarinatus (both have black

coxae) but the body is smaller, antennal segments are shorter and without mps on fl,

and fl, (Fig. 63) (O. quadricarinatus with mps on fl, and f1,), and the metascutellum and

anterolateral areole have some reticulate sculpture (Fig. 125) (O. quadricarinatus without

sculpture).

Description. Female. Body length 1152-1357 (critical point dried, Constance Bay, Ontario,

n=5) or 1126-1280 (air dried, Lakewood, Wisconsin, n=5), all in natural position. Head

and mesosoma black, metasoma dark brown; antenna brown except sometimes radicle and

pedicel laterally, and sometimes flagellum light brown; legs brown, except base and apex

of tibiae, and tarsomeres 1—4 yellowish. Head. Head (Fig. 26) width (n=4) 323-334. Vertex

without stemmaticum (Fig. 46). Mid ocellus diameter 26-29. Antenna. Flagellum (Fig.

63) with 2 mps on fl,, 2 on fl,, and 7 on clava. Fl, usually slightly the longest funicle

segment. Fl —fl, loner hay dath alles (n=5): fl, 2.86— 3% DSeeiil 233.353.0241 1235-3. 3 1) fl

2.29-3.03, fl 2 '06- 2.78, fl, 1.69—2.29; clava 3. 62-4.10* as long as wide, and almost as

long as fl. fl, together. Measurements (length/width, n=5): scape 199—231/39-44, pedicel

68-71/33- a6) ft S6[69/19 215 wee 5 0=60/20=25; Ties5—72/22—24,) 5 1=66/21—24; fi,

54-67/24-27, fl, 47-59/25—28, fi, -59-67/3 1-34, fi 58 64/34-37, ean 178—216/48— 54.

Total flagellum length 608-749. Mesasome! Sion (Figs. 97, 100) with collar wide,

moderately long and clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum

(Fig. 97, 100-male) wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes engraved; scutellar seta long,

extending posterior to straight or medially slightly concave frenal line; frenum about 0.75

mesoscutellum length and entirely reticulate, with a few short carinae extending posteriorly

from anterior margin. Metanotum with metascutellum long, with several irregular and

incomplete carinae extending towards each other from anterior and posterior margins, and

lateral lobes smooth except for about 2 longitudinal carinae (Fig. 89-male). Propodeum

(Figs. 97, 100-male, 125) smooth between carinae, except anterolateral areole with some

reticulate sculpture, and anterior margin of propodeum with a stub slightly lateral to lateral

margin of metascutellum; median areole separated from metascutellum by at most a very

short median carina (appearing double in slide mounts); plica almost straight, its anterior

apex in line with apex of stub, with medial branch of anterior bifurcation extending almost

to anterior margin of propodeum and lateral branch short and curved. Wings. Fore wing

(Fig. 141) length 1207-1323, width 463-534, length/width 2.48—2.70, longest marginal

setae 56—92, about 0.15 as long as greatest wing width (n=6). Hind wing (Fig.141) length

(n=5) 969-1046, width 60—75, longest marginal setae 90-115. Metasoma. Petiole shorter

than metacoxa + macrotrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 159) with ovipositor length 977—1237 (n=6),

1.99-2.44~ as long as metatibia length (480-528) and distinctly projecting beyond gastral

apex (Figs. 159, 187).

Male. Body length. 1178—1306 (n=10). Antenna (Fig. 77). Measurements, length

(n=2): scape 158-164, pedicel 56-66, fi, 116-129, fl, 135-137, fi, 129-131, fl, 129-130,

eal ih 29-13 0s 127130, 125129. fi, 25107 AIO 55 fl, 124-138.

Beseadenm ae 100) as in female. Tol qeecien length 1386-1436. Fl leneihi a taih

3.38-3.52, with about 9 mps. Mid ocellus (Fig. 47) diameter 29-36. Gasier (Gig w91):

Genitalia fairly wide (dorsal view) for most of length (Figs. 178, 191).

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Hosts and Habitat. The host is Aphrophora saratogensis (Fitch). Specimens were obtained

by rearing host eggs and sweeping Jack pine; one male emerged from old host eggs in

dead red maple twigs (Milliron 1947). The species is solitary—only one wasp emerges

from a host egg. The rearing record from Rhyacionia (as Evetria) buoliana |(Denis and

Schiffermiiller)] (Tortricidae) is almost certainly incorrect, as are any of the very few

records of Mymaridae from Lepidoptera. However, it possibly represents an opportunistic

and evidently successful parasitism of an unusual host egg in the same microhabitat (pine

shoots) in which the normal host would be found.

Material examined. 449 and 32 in addition to type material. CANADA. Ontario.

Constance Bay [near Ottawa], 12-19.x.1973, G. Gibson, YPT (19°, CNC), 21 .viil-7.1x.1983,

M. Sanborne (2, 1, CNC). Quebee. Luskville falls [near Gatineau], 300m, 17-22.ix.1986,

J. Denis, L. Dumouchel, YPT (19, CNC). USA. New York. Nassau Co.: Nassau Boulevard,

18.ix.1915, L.C. Griffith, ex Evetria buoliana (12, 143, USNM). Wisconsin. Oconto Co.:

Lakewood, 5, 9, 13, 17, 18, 20, 22, and 23.ix.1946 ex A. saratogensis eggs (199, 14¢,

USNM), 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, and 21.ix.1946, sweeping Jack pine (199, 156,

USNM), ex egg of A. saratogensis coll. 5.ix and emerged 7.ix.1946 (14, USNM), ex eggs

of A. saratogensis coll. 18.ix and emerged 25.ix.1946 (3 empty eggs, 1% still stuck to an

egg, USNM).

Ooctonus arizonensis Huber, sp. n.

(Figs. 19, 27, 40, 48, 64, 78, 90, 98, 101, 126, 142, 160)

Type material. Holotype ° in CNC, on slide (Fig. 19) labelled 1. “USA: AZ, Cochise Co.

Chiricahua Mts. Rustler Park, 6000’, 15.vil.1982, G. Gibson”. 2. “Ooctonus arizonensis

Huber Holotype © dorsal”.

Paratypes. 12 and 49¢. USA. Arizona. Cochise Co.: same data as holotype

(14, CNC); Chiricahua Mountains, Barfoot Park, ca. 8600’, 26.viii.1982, J. LaSalle (12,

CNC), Rustler Park, 8200’, 26.viii.1982, J. LaSalle, sweeping (22, 13, CNC), 8300’,

23.vili, 21.ix.1987, H. & M. Townes (19, 3¢, AEIC); Carr Canyon, summit camp, 8000’,

18.viii.1993, M. Sharkey (12, 14, CNC); Huachuca Mountains, Miller Canyon, 1600m,

11.viil.1982, G. Gibson (29, CNC); Portal, 5000’, 19.x.1978, L. Masner, C. Yoshimoto

(12, CNC); Portal, 2, 4, 6, 18, 21.ix.1987, H.K. Townes (12, 114, AEIC); Portal, Southern

Research Station, 11.1x.1978, G. Gordh (1 2, UCRC); 12 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Ramsey Canyon,

1700m, 17.v, 6-13.vii CNCHYMO07510 [barcode failed], 24.vii, 4-22.1x CNCHYMO07511,

27.ix, 11.x, 26.xi-5.xii.1986, B.V. Brown, oak/juniper, MT (19, 294, AEIC, CNC). Pima

Co.: Santa Catalina Mountains, Molino Basin, 4200 and 4300’, 2-4.vilit.1982, G. Gibson

(QOz2SGxCNE):

Derivation of specific epithet. The species is named after the state in which all the

specimens were collected.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus arizonensis is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

combination of body length greater than about 1350 tm, brown legs, and usually | mps on

fl_and fl, (Fig. 64) and ovipositor at most scarcely exserted.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Ooctonus arizonensis is similar O. quadricarinatus in size but the latter has a

distinctly exserted ovipositor. O. arizonensis is most similar to O. fuscipes but the latter

lacks mps on fl, and fl,. Barcoding suggest that the latter two are closely related. Because

of differences in number of mps on fl, and fl, and different ranges (Arizona mountains vs

Pacific coast forests) I treat them as separate species.

Description. Female. Body length 1357-1510 (n=5). Head and mesosoma very dark

brown, metasoma brown; scape and pedicel yellowish to light brown laterally, remainder

of flagellum dark brown; petiole and legs, light brown. Head. Head (Fig. 27) width (n=4)

347-372. Vertex without stemmaticum (Fig. 40, 48-male). Mid ocellus diameter 25-31.

Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 64) with | (exceptionally 2) mps on fl,, | or 0 mps on fl,, 2 mps

on fi, and fl,,and 7 mps on clava. FI, slightly the longest funicle segment. Fl —fl, ‘length/

orn ratios: fi, 2. 95=3- 39 MT 2ST 3.02, fl, 2.56—2.83, fl, 2.40—2.67, fi, 238% 2.47, and

He L99—2 23; clave 3.07-3.91* as long as wide, and sieht longer than fl fl, together.

Measurements, length/width (n=5): scape 239-255/38-45, pedicel 69— 758 39, fh 162—

20-23 Al63=70/225 245" i 63=71/24=26» fy S7—63/23—25, fi 64—72/27-30; fl, 53-

62/26-29, fl, 65—75/29-35, fl, @u 68/3240, ena 205—230/56— 6% Total flagellum feneti

695-780. Mesisontal Brotiotnn (Figs. 98, 101) with collar wide, moderately long and

clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 98, 101) wide;

midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes engraved; scutellar seta short, extending to medially

slightly curved frenal line; frenum 0.62—72* mesoscutellum length and entirely reticulate.

Metanotum with metascutellum smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 126) smooth between carinae

and its anterior margin with stub, the latter just lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum;

median areole separated from metascutellum by median carina; plica curved, extending

almost to anterior margin of propodeum just medial to stub, without an anterior bifurcation

but with a slight curved thickening posterior to the stub. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 142) length

1457-1568, width 513-553, length/width 2.83—2.95, longest marginal setae 84—99, about

0.17x as long as greatest wing width (n=5). Marginal vein length about 173. Hind wing

(Fig. 142) length 1138-1264, width 61—76, longest marginal setae 128-141. Metasoma.

Petiole shorter than metacoxa + mesotrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 160) with ovipositor length

546-569 (n=5), 0.97—1.18* as long as metatibia (507-561).

Male. Body length 1331—1587 (n=10). Legs darker than in female. Antenna (Fig.

78). Measurements, length (n=5): scape 185-220, pedicel 64—73, fl, 105-134, fl, 115-141,

Me WNO=1355 0107-135, fo 110-114, fl) 106=132, fly 105=134) fy 102- 128s 105127 fit,

95. PANS i 94 126. Total flagellar iene 1163= 1446. BI leneth/widiha: 1] 25) 89, with 7 or

8 mps. Bye small (Fig. 90). Mid ocellus (Fig. 48) diameten 28-30.

Barcoding. Five specimens were submitted for barcoding, all of them males,

and one (CNCHYMO07511) yielded a barcode. Because males are usually unidentifiable

it is difficult to be sure what species they represented prior to barcoding but the only two

possibilities based on locality data are O. arizonensis (CNCHYMO07511) and O. triapitsyni.

Based on their larger size, two of the specimens (CNCHYM07510 and CNCHYMO07511)

are O. arizonensis and have the same data as some females of that species. The remaining

three specimens are listed under O. triapitsvni. CNCHYMO07511 is almost identical to that

of O. fuscipes specimens (1 base pair difference), suggesting that O. arizonensis and O.

Huber _ JESO Volume 143, 2012

fuscipes are the same species. They are kept separate because of slight differences in the

proportions of fl, and fl,, different distribution of mps (mps present on fl, and usually fl, in

arizonensis, absent in fuscipes), and different geographic ranges.

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected in an oak/juniper

habitat.

Ooctonus boltei Huber, sp. n.

(Figs. 20, 28, 49, 65, 99, 102, 127, 143, 161)

Type material. Holotype Y in CNC, on slide (Fig. 20) labelled 1. “Canada: MB, Riding

Mt. Nat. Park, 3 km E. Clear Lake, 29. VIII.1979 S.J. Miller, pitfall trap, beaver meadow”.

2. “Ooctonus boltei Huber Y dorsal”.

Paratypes. 89 and 3¢. CANADA. Manitoba. Same data as_ holotype,

CNCHYM07481 [barcode failed] (22, CNC); Aweme, Criddle Homestead, 49°42'34’"N

99°34'58"W, 24.vii1.2007, H. Goulet, mixed grass prairie, CNCH YM07479 [barcode failed]

(14, CNC); Riding Mountain National Park, 1 km E. Clear Lake, 16.viii.1979, S.J. Miller,

small meadow, Malaise trap (12, CNC), near refuse pit, 29.vii.1979, S.J. Miller, aspen

stand, pan trap, CNCHYM07483 [barcode failed] (12, 14, CNC), Wishing Well road,

20.viii.1979, D.B. Lyons, CNCHYM07482 [barcode failed) (22, 1¢, CNC); 0.1 km N.

Onanole, 29.viii.1979, S.J. Miller, field-forest edge (19, CNC). New Brunswick. Fundy

National Park, Wolfe Point campground, 27.vili.1984, M. Kaulbars (192, CNC).

Derivation of specific epithet. The species is named after Klaus Bolte, an outstanding

technician at the CNC for almost four decades, who worked for the author from 1988 until

his retirement.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus boltei is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the combination

of fl, without mps (exceptionally one antenna with 1 mps), uniform yellow legs, entirely

reticulate mesoscutellum, ovipositor at most 0.78% as long as metatibia, and body length at

least 1300um.

Ooctonus boltei is similar to O. triapitsyni, which also has uniform yellow legs, but differs

by the absence of mps on fl. (mps present in O. triapitsyni) and ovipositor shorter than

metatibia (longer than metatibia in O. triapitsyni). It is also similar to O. notatus but has the

ovipositor shorter than metatibia (longer in O. notatus).

Description. Female. Body length 1331—1434 (n=5). Head and mesosoma dark brown,

metasoma brown; fl,—fl, light brown to brown, remainder of flagellum dark brown; petiole,

legs, scape and pedicel uniformly yellow, though sometimes scape and pedicel light brown

and fl —fl, honey yellow. Head. Head (Fig. 28) width (n=3) 375-390. Vertex without

stemmaticum. Mid ocellus diameter 26 (Fig. 49). Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 65) with 1|

(exceptionally 2) mps on fl., | or 0 mps on fl,, 2 mps on fl, and fl,, and 7 mps on clava. FI,

slightly the longest funicle segment. FI fl, length/width ratios: fl, 3.61—3.98, fl, 2.85—3.55,

fl, 2.69-3.09, fl, 2.43—2.88, fl, 2.44-2.97, fl, 2.27-2.55; clava 3.96 4.38% as long as wide

and shorter than fifi, together. Measurements (length/width, n=3): scape 240-270/41-42,

pedicel 68—73/34—39, fl, 7683/21, fl, 65-83/22—23, fl, 69-79/26, fl, 59-70/24—26, fl, 66—

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

74/25-27, fl, 59-66/24-27, fl, 72—78/30—36, fl, 68—75/32-39, clava 238-249/54-63. Total

flagellum length 772-857. Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs. 99, 102) with collar moderately

wide, long and clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 99,

102) wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes raised; scutellar seta fairly short, extending

to almost straight frenal line; frenum 0.64—0.69* mesoscutellum length and entirely

reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 127) smooth between

carinae and its anterior margin with a stub just lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum;

median areole separated from metascutellum by short median carina; plica almost straight,

extending almost to anterior margin, not bifurcate anteriorly. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 143-

male) length 1433-1515, width 494-505, length/width 2.90-3.00, longest marginal setae

66-72, about 0.14 as long as greatest wing width (n=3). Marginal vein length 168—180.

Hind wing (Fig. 143-male) length 1102-1160, width 58-59, longest marginal setae 104—

135. Metasoma. Petiole shorter than metacoxa + mesotrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 161) with

ovipositor length 43 1-476 (n=3), 0.74—0.78* as long as metatibia (560-611).

Male. Body length 1357 (n=1). Colour as in female except pedicel dorsally and

entire flagellum brown. Antennal measurements, length (n=1) scape 213, pedicel 71, fl,

i675 13758; 129,134) fl 13, A 128, fi 131, fi, 126515125, fl, 113; fl, ca 107. Total

flagellar length 1387. Fl, length/width 3.64, with about 6 mps. Mid ocellus diameter 30.

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected in a small meadow,

aspen stand, and field/forest edge.

Barcoding. Four specimens (CNCHYM07479, CNCHYM07481, CNCHYM07482, and

CNCHYM07483) were submitted but no barcodes were obtained.

Ooctonus canadensis Whittaker

(Figs. 12, 29, 41, 50, 66, 79, 103, 106, 128, 144, 162, 183)

Ooctonus canadensis Whittaker, 1931: 190; Peck, 1951: 410 (catalogue); Peck, 1963: 18

(catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue).

Ooctonus sublaevis Foerster: Triapitsyn, 2010: 47 (misidentification). The male specimen

from Alaska, listed below, bears a 2009 identification label by Triapitsyn reading

“Ooctonus sp. insignis-type” but was incorrectly published as O. sublaevis.

Type material. Lectotype 2 in BMNH (examined), here designated to avoid ambiguity

about the status of the type specimens of this species, on card (Fig. 12) labelled 1.” Lectotype

[purple edged circle]”. 2. “Type [red rectangular label]”. 3. “Holyburn, B.C. 7.1X.30 Coll.

O.W.”. 4. Canada: O. Whittaker Coll. per W.H. Storey. B.M. 1947 - 212.”. 5. Ooctonus

canadensis Whitt. 2 Det. O. Whittaker’. 6. “B.M. Type Hym. 5.2320”. The lectotype is

mounted dorsal side up on a card with wings, legs, and antennae (dorsal view) spread out.

Paralectotype. One 9 in USNM (examined), mounted in same way as lectotype and

labelled 1. “Paratype”. 2. “Paratype No. 43551 U.S.N.M.” 3. “Hollyburn, B.C. 31.VIII.30

Coll. O.W.”. 4. “Ooctonus canadensis Whitt. 2 Det. O. Whittaker”.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus canadensis females are distinguished from other Nearctic species by

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

the combination of vertex with stemmaticum (Figs. 41, 50), relatively short clava (Fig. 66),

midlobe of mesoscutum with long median groove, and propodeum with plicae straight but

diverging and bifurcating anteriorly, with the medial arm long, curved and almost touching

anterior margin of propodeum and the lateral arm almost straight and extending as far as

level of spiracle (Figs. 103, 106, 128).

Ooctonus canadensis is most similar to O. /ongipetiolus, sp. n., which has most of

the above features but in O. canadensis the plica diverge more (less in O. longipetiolus), the

petiole is not much longer than the metacoxa (distinctly longer in O. /ongipetiolus), and the

ovipositor is as long as the metatibia (0.7* as long in O. longipetiolus).

Description. Female. Body length 1382—1664 (n=5). Head and mesosoma dark brown,

metasoma and flagellum brown; scape, pedicel, and legs except metacoxa dark yellow,

metacoxa brownish yellow. Head. Head (Fig. 29) width 351-356 (n=2). Vertex (Fig. 41-

male, 50-male) with stemmaticum. Mid ocellus diameter about 45. Antenna. Flagellum

(Fig. 66) with 2 mps on fl,—fl, (one specimen with only | mps on fl, of one antenna) and 7

mps on clava. FI, the jenees! fanicle segment. Fl —fl, length/width cree fl, 4.86-5.60, fl,

Seid 6192 tik 5.04-5.98, fl, 4.07-4.82, fi, 2.76— 3211 fl, 2.76-3.42; clava 3. 17-4 93> alone

as wide, slightly longer than fl, and fl _together. Measurements (length/width, n=2): scape

241—254/42-50, pedicel 71/39_Al, fi) 113=130/22—23, fl, 130=143/23 il 129-189 26224,

Ap IlG=122/29=32 tielO3=O982— 35, fl, 87-98/28-34, fl, 81-93/30-3 1 i 18/3328

cle 167—-184/44— 53. Total flagellum length 997-1096. Mesosoma: Pronotum (Figs. 103,

106-male) with collar narrow, long and clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined

carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 103, 106-male) moderately wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with

meshes engraved and with longitudinal median groove; scutellar seta long, extending

posterior to medially concave frenal line; frenum about 0.6 mesoscutellum length and

entirely reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 128-male)

smooth between carinae and its anterior margin with stub slightly lateral to lateral margin of

metascutellum; dorsolateral areole with a thin, wavy or broken carina close to and parallel

with anterior margin; median areole well separated from metascutellum by long median

carina not extending to metascutellum; dorsolateral areole much larger than ventrolateral

areole; plica straight, not extending to metascutellum (if it did, it would meet metascutellum

lateral to its lateral margin) and bifurcate anteriorly with a long lateral and shorter medial

arm. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 144) length 1676-1800, width 598-640, length/width 2.80—

2.81, longest marginal setae 92—104, about 0.33 as long as greatest wing width. Hind wing

(Fig. 144) length 1293-1344, width 60—65, longest marginal setae 130 (n=2). Metasoma.

Petiole shorter than metacoxa + metatrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 162) with ovipositor length

(n=2) 555-617, 0.96—1.08x as long as metatibia (579-590).

Male. Body length. 1485—1587 (n=4). Antenna (Fig. 79). Measurements, length

(n=1): scape 195, pedicel 62,,fl) 163, fl, 19257, 19251, 1940 9197) tL 193; siaS Seat:

1808 1735. He 148) tl els (last two flagellomeres ewan from critical Bova ned

specimen). Total fiapelles length 1820. Each flagellomere bottle-shaped, distinctly wider

towards base. FI, length/width 4.56, with about 7 mps. Mid ocellus diameter 41 (Figs. 41,

50). Genitalia fairly narrow for anterior half of length (Fig. 183, 193).

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected during two of the

same collecting events as O. occidentalis but O. canadensis is evidently much less common.

Specimens of both species from California were swept from under story vegetation (ferns)

in a redwood forest (L. Masner, personal communication) and both species were collected

at Dredge Lake, Alaska.

Barcoding. One of two specimens yielded a DNA barcode (CNCHY M07506) but the other

did not (CNCHYM07505) so nothing can be said about intraspecific variation based on

DNA. I had incorrectly assigned CNCHYM07506 to O. occidentalis prior to barcoding.

The relatively large difference in barcodes (ca. 3.5%) between it and the other specimen

made me re-examine it and I realized it was actually O. canadensis.

Material examined. 89 and 6<. CANADA. British Columbia. Terrace, | 1.viii.1960, W.R.

Richards (14, CNC); Vancouver I., Lake Cowichan, 1.7 km N. of town, 24 and 31.vii.1979,

I.M. Smith, sweeping (12, 1¢, CNC). USA. Alaska. 14 km N. Juneau, Mendenhall

Valley, Dredge Lake, 17-25.vili.1999, M. Schutz, MT (12, UCRC); Valdez, Valdez Glacier

Campground, 2.viii.1978, P.H. Arnaud (1¢, CAS). California. De/ Norte Co.: Crescent

City, 3.viii.1940, H. & M. Townes (12, AEIC); Klamath, coastal trail, 3.viii.1985, L.

Masner, sweeping, CNCHYM07505 [barcode failed], CNCHYM07506 (42, 24, CNC).

Washington. Clallam Co.: Lake Ozette, north shore, 24.vi.1990, J.D. Pinto (3%, CNC).

Comment. A specimen from North Carolina, Yancey Co., Mt. Mitchell, 6800’, 12.viii.1957,

J.G. Chillcott (192, CNC) is puzzling. It has no mps on fl,. Because O. canadensis is

morphologically close to O. longipetiolus | thought perhaps the specimen belonged to the

latter species but it does not. More material is needed from North Carolina to determine its

status.

Ooctonus fuscipes Whittaker

(Figs. 13, 30, 42, 51, 67, 80, 91, 104, 107, 129, 145, 163, 179)

Ooctonus fuscipes Whittaker, 1931: 189; Peck, 1951: 411 (catalogue); Peck, 1963: 18

(catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue).

Odéctonus |sic] fuscipes; Britton, 1938: 146 (catalogue, misidentification).

Type material. Lectotype ° in BMNH (examined), here designated to avoid ambiguity

about the status of the type specimens of this species, on card (Fig. 13) labeled: 1.““Lectotype

[purple edged circle]”. 2. “Type [red rectangular label]. 3. “Hollyburn, B.C. 7.1X.28 Coll.

O.W.”. 4. Canada: O. Whittaker Coll. Per W.H. Storey. B.M. 1947 - 212.”. 5. Ooctonus

fuscipes Whitt. 9 Det. O. Whittaker”. 6. “B.M. Type Hym. 5.2318”. Type in good condition,

mounted in dorsal view on card with wings, legs, and antennae spread out.

Paralectotypes. Whittaker stated that he had four specimens of O. fuscipes. Two

paralectotypes are supposed to be in BMNH but only one of them could be found there.

It was examined but is covered in mould; it has the same data as the lectotype but was

collected on 4.i1x.1929. Its colour, antennal proportions, and as much structure that could

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

be seen clearly match the lectotype. The paralectotype female in USNM (examined) is

mounted in same way as the lectotype and labelled 1. “Paratype”. 2. “Paratype No. 43552

U.S.N.M..” 3. “Hollyburn, B.C. 27.VIII.30 Coll. O.W.”. 4. “Ooctonus fuscipes Whitt. 2

Det. O. Whittaker”. It is in good condition and also matches the lectotype.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus fuscipes females are distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

body length more than about 1200 «um, brown legs (Fig. 13), no mps on fl, and fl, (Fig. 67)

and ovipositor not or scarcely exserted.

Ooctonus fuscipes is similar in size and leg colour to O. arizonensis and O.

quadricarinatus but differs by the distribution of mps on the funicle segments (at least 1

mps on fl, and fl, in the latter two species).

Description. Female. Body length 1230-1382 (n=5). Head, antenna except radicle,

sometimes scape laterally, and apex of pedicel, mesosoma, and gaster dark brown/orange

brown; radicle, apex of pedicel, petiole, and taromeres 1-4, dark yellow. Legs vary from

mostly dark brown to mostly yellowish brown, except yellowish joints and tarsomeres I-4.

Head. Head (Fig. 30) width 326—365 (n=4). Vertex (Fig. 42-male, 51) without stemmaticum;

mid ocellus diameter 33. Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 67) with 2 mps on fl, and fl,, and 7

mps on clava. FL, slightly the longest segment. Fl,—fl, length/width ratios fl 2.87— 3. 29 itis

2.15=3:06; tie 2.83- 3.44, fl, 2.41-3.23, fl, 2.64— 3.22, fl) 2225=3:68: lava sle2s 3.87 as

long as wide, ‘slightly ences than fl —fl, _together. MMe sourcments (length/width, n=4): scape

221—248/36-41, pedicel 67—72/34— 39, ‘fl 60—73/19—26, fl, 57—-63/20—24, fl, 64—74/21—26,

fl, 57-68/20—24, fl, 65—74/23—26, fi, 53— 63/24- 277, the 69 75/29-36, fl, 60— 68/34— 38, clava

202- 234/52-65. Total flagellum length 687-791. Meccan Bromann (Figs. 104, 107)

with collar wide, moderately long and clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined

carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 104, 107) wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes engraved;

scutellar seta long, extending well posterior to medially almost straight frenal line; frenum

0.62—0.66* mesoscutellum length and entirely reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum

faintly reticulate posteriorly. Propodeum (Fig. 129) smooth between carinae and its anterior

margin with stub, the latter just lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum; median areole

separated from metascutellum by short median carina; plica (Fig. 91-male) straight except

anteriorly where curved medially and extending as a short arm to metascutellum just medial

to stub but lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 145) length

1345-1561, width 505—610, length/width 2.56—2.77, longest marginal setae 73—91, about

0.15 as long as greatest wing width (n=4). Marginal vein length 150—156. Hind wing (Fig.

145) length 1033-1203, width 171—80, longest marginal setae 115-134. Metasoma. Petiole

slightly shorter than metacoxa + metatrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 163) with ovipositor length

466-515 (n=4), 0.80—1.00% as long as metatibia.

Male. Body length. 1331-1434 (n=2). Antenna (Fig. 80). Measurements, length

(n=2): scape 214-218, pedicel 67—-69, fl, 111-116, fl, 138-141, fl, 141-132, fi, 130-131;

fi. 128=132, fi, 127-128, fly 122-1245 fi, 121123) fly, 120-125, fie ae yaa epee Gs

Total flagellar length 1364-1372. Fl, length/width 3.74—3.83, with about 8 mps. Mid ocellus

diameter 33. Genitalia short (Fig. 179).

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected 31—39m in height

in the canopy of ancient (up to 700 years old) Sitka spruce trees or on the forest floor

ground cover of Salmonberry, Devil’s Club, Alaskan Blueberry and False Azalea in the

upper Carmanah Valley.

A few specimens were collected elsewhere in boreal forest, and on ocean side vegetation.

The Upper Carmanah Valley sample consisted of several Malaise traps at 30-49 m height in

Sitka spruce trees, and at ground level on ancient forest floor, transition zone, and a 4 ha clear

cut. The largest number (362 specimens) of a single species of Ooctonus from one area that

I have seen was collected there. The sex ratio was heavily biased towards males, with only

28.4% females, unlike the situation for most populations of most species of Mymaridae,

where females predominate. Interesting location within habitat differences occur between

males (n=257) and females (n=97). For females, none (0%) were collected in the canopy,

16 (16.5%) in the transition zone, 10 (10.3%) in the clear cut and 71 (73.2%) on the forest

floor. For males, the respective numbers were 176 (68.5%), 36 (14.0%), 10 (3.8%), and 36

(13.6%). Presumably, females remain on the forest floor searching for suitable host eggs,

whereas males move into the canopy to disperse. Neither sex was common in clear cut or

transitional zone areas. Unfortunately, the hosts and therefore the location of egg deposition

are unknown. The other two Ooctonus species, O. notatus (n=S0) and O. vulgatus (n=11),

collected in Upper Carmanah valley were found almost entirely in the clear cut (55 of 61

specimens or 90.2%). Three males of O. notatus (6.0%) were collected in the canopy and

four females of O. vulgatus (36.4%) were collected in the transition zone. Both these species

are found mainly in open habitats, and are almost certainly European introductions. Their

presence in a small clear cut area surrounded by ancient forest shows that they (and their

hosts) are very capable of dispersing widely, and perhaps quickly, into suitable habitats.

Barcoding. Four specimens yielded barcodes (CNCHYM07499, CNCHYM0O7501,

CNCHY MO07502, and CNCHYM07503), showing slight variation between the Oregon and

British Columbia specimens.

Material examined. 1089 and 261¢. CANADA. British Columbia. Upper Carmanah

Valley, 18.viii-9.ix, 10-29.ix CNCHYM07499, 30.ix-16.x.1991, 31-39m [1 ¢ at 42m

on 21.ix] up in tree canopy, N. Winchester, MT (1039, 2594, CFS-Victoria, CNC);

Cassiar hwy. Boyar Lake to Stikine River, 6.viii.1988, S. & J. Peck, boreal forest, car net,

CNCHYM07525 [barcode failed] (22, 1¢, CNC). USA. California. Monterey Co.: Pfeiffer

Big Sur State Park, |.iv.1985, J.T. Huber, sweeping grasses and vegetation, CNCH YM07500

[barcode failed] (1¢, CNC). Oregon. Benton Co.: Corvallis, 8.x.1980, H.K. Townes

(1d, AEIC). Lincoln Co.: 2 mi. W. Newport, South Beach State Park, 23.viii.1984, M.E.

Schauff, P. Hanson, ocean side vegetation, sweeping, CNCHYM07501, CNCHYM07502,

CNCHYM07503 (32, USNM).

An additional 6 females from South Beach State Park are doubtfully assigned to

O. fuscipes because they have 2 mps on each of fl, and fl,; four males from this locality and

date are also doubtfully assigned to this species.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Ooctonus hemipterus Haliday

(Figs. 1, 31, 43, 52, 62, 68, 81, 92, 105, 108, 130, 146-149, 164, 172, 188)

Ooctonus hemipterus Haliday, 1833: 344; Schmiedeknecht, 1909: 490 (catalogue); Kloet and

Hincks, 1945: 305 (checklist, Britain); Kryger, 1950: 78 (list); Bouéek and Graham,

1978: 109 (checklist, Britain); Kalina 1989: 127 (checklist, Czechoslovakia);

Triapitsyn 2010: 15 (redescription, literature), 18 (records from Canada and USA).

Ooctonus atroclavus Kieffer, 1913: 2; Bouéek and Graham, 1978: 109 (checklist, under

hemipterus).

Ooctonus soykai Hincks, 1952: 154 (key), 160 (description); Bouéek, 1977: 122 (list,

Yugoslavia); Kalina, 1989: 127 (checklist, Czechoslovakia).

Type material. Lectotype ° of O. hemipterus in NMID (not examined), designated by

Hincks 1952: 158. Synonyms and their types treated by Triapitsyn (2010).

Diagnosis. Ooctonus hemipterus is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the entire

head and mesosoma (including mesopleuron, prepectus, and all propodeal areoles) covered

with reticulate sculpture, thus appearing matte (Figs. 92, 105, 108, 130). Other unusual

features are the toruli well separated from the transverse trabecula (Fig. 31), large eye (Fig.

92) (also large in O. silvensis, O. hemipterus, and O. occidentalis), very low (almost absent)

transverse carina dorsally on pronotum, weakly defined femoral depression (mesopleural

and transepimeral sutures almost absent) and absence of propodeal stub (also absent in O.

occidentalis). All other Nearctic Ooctonus species have the sides of the mesosoma and the

propodeal areoles smooth or almost so, thus appearing quite shiny, and the other features

are mostly different. Ooctonus hemipterus is most similar to O. capensis Huber from South

Africa (Huber et al. 2010) but the latter has the propodeum with a stub and the plica is

bifurcate at the propodeum, with a long median and short lateral arm (stub absent and plica

usually not bifurcate in O. hemipterus).

Ooctonus hemipterus is clearly unrelated to the Nearctic species, as might be

expected from an Old World introduction. It is also the only Ooctonus species whose females

may be macropterous, brachypterous or micropterous (Figs. 1, 146—148). Macropterous

specimens have a relatively narrow fore wing, in females with the apex slightly truncated

apically (Fig. 146) and in males definitely rounded apically (Fig. 149). Both sexes of other

species have the forewing relatively wider and more clearly truncated apically.

Description. Female. Body length 922-1075 (n=10). Head and mesosoma dark brown,

matte, entirely covered with reticulate sculpture; scape except radicle, and pedicel light

brown, flagellum brown, petiole, and legs yellow. Forewing with faint brown band just

beyond venation and sometimes a faint brown suffusion in apical half of wing beyond

venation (Fig. 146). Head. Head (Fig. 31) width 287-320 (n=5). Vertex with stemmaticum

(Figs. 43, 52). Mid ocellus diameter at most 17. Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 68) with 2 mps on

fl, 2 on fl,, and 7 on clava. Fl,—fl, length/width ratios: fl, 1.78—2.33, fl, 1.76-1.90, fi, 1.82—

2.05, fl, | ee 2.03; Met S532 04, fl, 1.52—1.73; clava 2. 75 —3.02x as long as wide, alae as

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

long as fl_—fl, together. Measurements (length/width, n=5): scape 183—195/31—35, pedicel

56— 61/29- 32, fi v30>35/15 17, 2729/1 5=17) tL, 5 1=34/ 16-18) 41, °30—32/15—19} fi, 30

37/18—20, fi, 34- 37/21—22, fe 44-47/27-31, fl, 47-50/34—36, clava 154 161/53—56. Total

flagellum length 423-454. Mesosonia. Pronotum (Figs. 105, 108) with collar moderately

wide, short but visible in dorsal view, without carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 105, 108) wide;

midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes strongly raised; scutellar seta short, extending to

medially almost straight frenal line; frenum about 0.66 mesoscutellum length and entirely

reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum and lateral lobes reticulate. Propodeum (Fig.

130) entirely covered with reticulate sculpture and its anterior margin without a stub; median

areole separated from metascutellum by a median carina (carina sometimes almost absent);

plica straight, extending to anterior margin of propodeum, occasionally bifurcate with a

short median arm. Wings. Fore wing in macropterous form (Fig. 146) fairly narrow, slightly

truncate apically, and with a transverse brown band just beyond venation, in brachypterous

or micropterous forms with narrow fore wing rounded apically and with venation greater

than half wing length (Figs. 147, 148). Length (macropterous form) 926—1004 (n=4), width

279-313, length/width 3.21—3.38, longest marginal setae 68-83, about 0.25 as long as

greatest wing width. Hind wing length 752-849, width 32-38, longest marginal setae 93—

113. Marginal vein length 123-129. Metasoma. Petiole (Fig. 188) reticulate dorsally, about

as long as metacoxa. Gaster (Fig. 164, 172, 188) with ovipositor length 406-434 (n=5)

1.12—1.14~ as long as metatibia (350-374).

Male. Body length 896-1178 (n=5). Antenna (Fig. 81). Measurements, length

(n=5): scape 153-184, pedicel 26—36, fl, 65-75, fl, 62-83, fl, 62-86, fl, 69-89, fl, 75-87,

iP 89 fi 81=93; fi, 78—89, fl, 81-97, fl yes 89, fi, 74— 86. Total aaecllan feneth 1049—

1067. Bip length/width 3.384. 27, with 4 (25) mps. Borewine (Fig. 149) narrower, length/

width 3.864. 10, and with more rounded apex. Mid ocellus diameter 24-26.

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Habitats vary widely. Specimens were collected

near water, in water with 7ypha or Carex, agricultural areas such as blueberry, onion, alfalfa,

clover, and potato fields, apple orchards, prairie remnants, fields, forests, bush, meadows,

bogs, sandy areas, urban gardens, cedar swamps, and beach. Several specimens were sifted

from duff or litter, including two males (Oxford Mills) in early December, suggesting that

they overwinter as adults.

Barcoding. Three of four specimens yielded barcodes (CNCH Y M07476, CNCHY M07477,

and CNCHYM07478) and one did not (CNCHYM07475). There was slight variation in

DNA between the two specimens from Ontario but none between the Quebec specimen and

one of the Ontario specimens.

Distribution. Ooctonus hemipterus occurs across the Palaearctic region from Ireland to the

Kuril Islands (Triapitsyn 2010). In the Nearctic region its presence in Alaska and northern

Canada and and apparent absence from southern USA suggests it may be a naturally

occurring Holarctic species though it could also have been introduced from Europe into

eastern North America by human activity.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Material examined. 1839 and 330¢. CANADA. British Columbia. Abbotsford, Aquilini

off Ladner road, Pitt Meadows, 49°17.996'N 122°37.865'W, 2.vii.2001, M. Robertson,

blueberry field, YPT (49, CNC), Vye road, 49° 00.847'N 122° 15.479'W, 7.viii, 4.ix.2001,

M. Robertson, blueberry field, YPT (29, CNC); Richmond, No. 6 road, 49° 09.481'N 123°

04.188'W, 2.vii.2001, blueberry field, YPT (12, CNC). Manitoba. Elma, 2 mi. E. on hwy

11, 31.vii.2000, M. Iranpour, pond, YPT (1¢, CNC). New Brunswick. Albert Co.: Fundy

National Park, Chignecto campsite, 45.6032°N 64.9877°W, 12.viii.2009, J. Fernandez, (2,

CNC). Kent Co.: Kouchibouguac National Park, 18.v.1977, G.A.P. Gibson (14, CNC), 29

and 30.viii, and 12.ix.1977, G.A. Calderwood (3 microp.2, 12, 24, CNC), 20 and 21.

ix.1977, S.J. Miller (59, 123, CNC). Queen’ Co.: 25 km W. Canaan Forks, hwy. 112,

19.viii. 1984, M. Kaulbars (2¢, CNC). Northwest Territories. Kovaluk River, 69°11'N

131°W, 6-10.vii.1971, W.R.M. Mason (2¢, CNC). Nova Scotia. Kings Co.: Kentville, 6.

x1.1953, C.J.S. Fox, Berlese, apple orchard duff (1 microp. 2, CNC); Sheffield Mills,

orchard, 31.viii.1998, 20.viii.1999, M. Trombley, YPT (3 microp. 2, 64, CNC), Lunenburg

Co.: North Sawler, 31.viii.1951, K.H. Sanford (1¢, CNC). Victoria Co.: 5 km S. Ingonish,

Smoke Mt., 275m, 23.viii.1984, M. Kaulbars (1, CNC). Ontario. Alfred Bog, 13.vii.1981,

L. LeSage (12, CNC); 3 km N. Almonte, 12-19.vili-1986, J. Denis, L. Dumouchel, YPT

(146, CNC); 3 km N. Almonte, 12-19. viii, 17-24.ix.1986, J. Denis, L. Dumouchel, YPT (4<,

CNC), 5 km NW. Almonte, 22-29.vii.1986, H. Goulet (34, CNC); Ancaster, 3-15.x.1994,

H. Goulet, prairie remnant (3, CNC); near Ancaster, 43°15’N 80°00'W, 2.vi-1.vii, 7-28.

vii.1995, B. DeJonge, bush/prairie, MT (12, 14, CNC); Buckham’s Bay, 45.4985°N

76.1108°W, v-x.2010, J. Read, CNCHYMO07478 (1, CNC); 7 mi. SW. Carleton Place, S.

Miller’s farm, 27.v-2.vi.1980 (2¢, CNC), viii-ix, 1-30.x.1991, YPT in pond with Carex

(34, CNC); Chatterton, 13 mi. N. Belleville, 27.x.1969, C.D. Dondale, meadow (1 microp.@,

CNC); near Clayton, 12.viii.1981, L. Masner, H. Goulet, forest, sweeping (12, CNC);

Crieff Bog, 3 km W. Puslinch, 28.v-4.vi.1987, D. Blades, mid-forest pool, YPT (2 microp.°,

CNC); Constance Bay, 12-19.x.1973, G. Gibson, YPT (34, CNC), 26.viii-7.ix.1983, M.

Sanborne (12, CNC); Elmira, Salem Creek, 1-31.viii.1977, L. LeSage (24, CNC); near

Embro, 43°12.362’N 80°55.713'W, 7-21.ix.2006, B. Broadbent, pitfall under spruce

hedgerow near alfalfa field (2 microp.Y, CNC); Flint Hill, near Kemptville, 30.viii-6.

ix.1983, L. Dumouchel (1 microp.2, CNC); Gananoque, 24.vili-12.x.1977 (7 microp.,

5¢, CNC); 18 km E. Gananoque, 12.v-9.vi.1977, C. Dondale, J. Redner, pitfall in old field

(10 microp.2, CNC); Gloucester, 4-17.x.1984, M. Sanborne (34, CNC); Guelph, 1-20.

vii.1982, K.N. Barber (24, CNC); Hamilton, 6 and 18.viii.1980, 2-7.viii, 14-22.viii, 28.

vii-1.viii, 31 .viii-7.ix, 25.x-8.xi, 30.ix-11.x.1981, M. Sanborne (1 microp.2, 42,93, CNC);

Innisville, 29.vii.1963, (1¢, CNC); Leitrim, 16-23.ix, 13-20.x.1985, R.E. Skidmore, MT

(3¢, CNC); London, 1-17.ix.1982, A. Tomlin, pine hedgerow (12, CNC), Fanshawe

Experimental Farm, 10-31.vil, 5.1x-2.x.1981, 4-25.viii, 31.1x., 8-12.x, 5.x1.1982, A. Tomlin,

onion field (22, 6¢, CNC), 5-30.vii.1982, L. Masner (12, CNC); Marmora, Crow Lake,

20.viii.1975, L. Masner, R. Longair (24, CNC); Milton, 8-13.viii.1981, M. Sanborne (19,

14, CNC); Nepean, Pine Glen, 3-10, 12-14 and 22-26.x.1991, 16.viii-7.ix.1992, 24-

30.x.1994, 27-30.vii.1999, L. Masner (4 microp.2, 22, 3d, CNC), Slack Road, 2.x,

4-5.x.2007, 1 and 6-9.xi.1999, L. Masner, YPT, sandy area (54, CNC); Ottawa, 23-30.

ix.1985, H. Goulet, garden (14, CNC), 20-27.ix.2008, L. Masner, MT, CNCHYM07476

(12, CNC), 30.x.1988, 1-3.i1x.1989, 10 and 27.x.1992, 20.x.1995, J.R. Vockeroth, Zypha on

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

pond/YPT among 7ypha (14 microp.2, 44, CNC), airport, 20-27.ix.1985, L. Dumouchel,

YPT (34, CNC), airport road, 1-8.xi.1985, L. Masner, (1, CNC); airport sands, 11-18.

ix.1985, J. Denis (24, CNC), 23-30.ix, 1-16.x, 17.x-7.xi.1985, 20.vii-10.viii, 26.viii-7.

ix.1986, 20-31.vii, 14-21.viii, 19.1x-8.xi, 20-27.1x, 27-30.x.1987, 17-20.vii, 5-8.x, 10-

13.x.2008, H. Goulet, city/urban garden, 45°21.365'N 75°42.416'W, YPT and MT (11

microp.°, 19, 534, CNC), Jock River, 4-5.x.2007, L. Masner (44, CNC), Mer Bleue, 16-

23.viii. 1982, H. Goulet (19, CNC), 2.x.2000, L. Masner, sweep (1 microp.9, 2, CNC),

along Ottawa River shoreline, 19-20.1x.2007, L. Masner (12, CNC), Riverfront Park, 13.

ix.2000, L. Masner, YPT (1, CNC); Rockland Park, 9.xi.2005, YPT under Erigeron, J.R.

Vockeroth (1 microp.2, 44, CNC), Tanglewood road, 14.ix-2.x.1978, L. Masner, YPT (1,

CNC); Oxford Mills, edge of Little Rideau River, 17.vii.1971, 3-10, 10-17 and 17-24.viii,

J-21.ix, 21-28.ix, 28.ix-12.x.1973, L. Masner, YPT (22 microp.?, 22, 174, CNC), 4.

xii.1973, sifted from litter, L. Masner (24, CNC), 17 and 21.viii.1978, N. Tulsiram (3

microp.?, 73, CNC), 31.viii, 22.ix-3.x.1978, G. Gibson, YPT (4 microp.2, 6¢, CNC);

Point Pelee, 22.viii.1984, A. Borkent (19°, CNC); Saugeen Bluffs Conservation Area, near

Paisley, 19.v-16.vi.1988, C. Dondale, J. Redner, pitfall trap in cedar swamp (1 microp.’,

CNC); Shaw Forest, 10 km N. Eganville, edge of beaver pond, 6-13.vili.1992, M.J. Sharkey

(12, 14, CNC); 5 km E. Eganville, 30.vi.1992, H. Goulet (12, CNC), 1-8.x.1992, M.

Sharkey, MT (1, CNC); Shirley’s Bay, 15 km W. Ottawa, 16-31.vii.1984, M. Kaulbars (1

microp.2, 14, CNC), 12-19.viii, 29.vii-5.viii.1985, M. Sanborne, L. Leblanc (49, 2¢,

CNC), 7-14.viii.1985, M. Sanborne, L. Dumouchel, (42, CNC), 3-10.x.1985, J. Denis (1

microp. 2, 12, CNC), Innes Point [Shirley’s Bay], 25.x-5.xi.1986, J. Denis, MT (12, CNC);

Spencerville, 14-21.viii.1979, L. Masner (12, CNC); St. Lawrence Islands National Park,

summer, 1975 (34, CNC), Grenadier Island, 16-30.viii.1994, CNC Hym. team, Carya

grove, YPT (1 microp.2, CNC), Grenadier Island Centre, 30.vii, 7.viii.1975, E. Sigler (4,

CNC); McDonald Island, 9 and 11.ix, 1, 4, and 6.x.1976, W. Reid (42¢, CNC), Thwartway

Island, 30.viii.1976, Reid (14, CNC); Stittsville, 24.ix.1976, M. Sanborne (14, CNC), 29-

31.viii.1978, MT (14, CNC); Thunder Bay, Law road, Powells Lakes, 16 and 29.viii.1980,

intercept trap/sweeping, M. Kaulbars, CNCHYM07475 [barcode failed] (1 microp.2, 139,

124, CNC); Toronto, Etobicoke, Etienne Brulé Park, 17-19.vili.1998, S. Libenson, mixed

forest, deadwood (192, CNC); Waterloo, 4.ix.1977, L. LeSage, MT (12, CNC). Quebec. 6

km N. Bouchette, Lac Roddick (= Lac Ronde), 46°15’21.4"N 75°54'44.2"W, 18..ix,

1-3.x.2005, L. Masner, YPT (23, CNC), 27-29.vii.2001, L. Masner, YPT (14, CNC), 24-

25.ix.2007, L. Masner, riverine (14, CNC), 15-17.viii.2009, L. Masner, YPT (19, 12,

CNC); Eardley, junction hwy 148 & Eardley-Masham road, 2-20.viii.1992, CNC Hym.

team (19, CNC); Gatineau Park, 4.x.1976, G. Gibson, L. Masner (54, CNC), 11-20.

vili.1991, K. Yamagishi, YPT (2 microp.2, CNC), 2 km W. chemin Pilon, 23-29.ix, 21-

27.x.1992, CNC Hym. team (1 microp.2, 14, CNC), summit of King Mt., 1150’, 16.x.1968,

J.F. McAlpine (14, CNC), 10.x.1961, J.R. Vockeroth (14, CNC), 23.viii.1981, L. Masner

(13, CNC); Hull (= Gatineau), 23.viii, 19.x.1983, L. Dumouchel, flood forest, flood plain,

YPT (1 microp.2, 12, 14, CNC), boulevard Fournier, 28.viii-4.ix.1984, J. Denis, L.

Dumouchel (1 microp.2, CNC); Luskville Falls, 300m, 22-29. vii, 5-12.viii, 17-25.ix.1986,

J. Denis, L. Dumouchel, MT (49, 3¢, CNC), 25.viii-2.ix.1986, YPT in blueberry field in

oak-conifer forest clearing, J. Denis, L. Dumouchel, YPT (14, CNC); 1 km N. La Corne,

22.v1.2005, 48°24'19.4"N 78°00'11.9"W, H. Goulet, C. Boudreault, fallow field by road,

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

CNCHYM07477 (24, CNC); Old Chelsea, 3.ix.1958, S.M. Clark (14, CNC). Prince

Edward Island. Queens Co.: Brackley Beach near Stanope 17.viii.1988, C.M. Yoshimoto,

sweeping (3, CNC); Harrington, 10-22 and 22-29. viii.1988, 7-21 and 23.vii-28. viii. 1989,

M.E.M. Smith, potato field, YPT (1 microp.2, 62, 84, CNC), 7.ix.2006, pitfall trap in

potato field (1¢, CNC), 22.viii and 5.ix.2006, pitfall trap barley/red clover field and clover

field (2 microp.:, CNC). Saskatchewan. S. of Moosomin Piperstone Creek, 570m, 50°

01.97'N 101°40.61'W, H. Goulet, C. Boudreault, J. Fernandez, prairie (12, CNC). USA.

Alaska. Cantwell, Denali hwy, route 8, mi. 85-130, 24.vi1.1984, S. & J. Peck, taiga-tundra,

car netting (14, CNC); Murphy Dome, 64°57.157'N 148°21.331/W, 892m, 20.vii.2009, H.

Goulet, C. Boudreault, tundra (24, CNC); Tok, 21.vi-15.vii.1984, S. & J. Peck, FIT (14,

CNC). Massachussetts. Barnstable Co.: Cape Cod, 16.vili.1977, W.A. Attwater (192

microp., CNC) Eastham, 23.ix.1992, J.R. Vockeroth (14, CNC). Hampden Co.:Westfield,

30.ix.1992, J.R. Vockeroth, pan traps in Zypha (1¢, CNC). Michigan. Livingston Co.:

Edwin S. George Res., 13.ix.1973, G. Gibson (1¢, CNC). New Hampshire. Coos Co.: 8

km S. Gorham, 30.viii.1984, M. Kaulbars (1¢, CNC); Mt. Washington, 1370m, 9-13.

[month illegible].1983, L. LeSage, E. Rickey, litter (19, CNC). New York. Essex Co.: 10

mi. SE. Lake Placid, Adirondack Park, Heart Lake, 17-18.viii.1987, J. Cumming (19

microp., CNC). Dutchess Co.: Amenia, 7-12.ix.1982, (1¢, CNC). Tompkins Co.: Ithaca, N.

shore of Beebe Lake, 20-26.vii, 24-31.vii, and 2.viii.1977, N.F. Johnson, yellow pan traps

(84, CNC), Ithaca, 14-21.vii.1978, N.F. Johnson (54, CNC). North Carolina. Jackson

Co.: near Highlands, Whiteside Mt., 1600m, 1v,-20.vi1. oak forest, Malaise trap, CNC Hym.

Team (1¢, CNC). Wisconsin. Milwaukee Co.: Milwaukee, Bayside, corner of Brown Deer

& N. Rexleigh roads, 2.ix.1983, J.T. Huber (24, CNC).

Ooctonus longipetiolus Huber, sp. n.

(Figs: 95 21; 323 536982; 93. 109; 112, 1313150653 ISAs)

Type material. Holotype 2 in CNC, on slide (Fig. 21) labelled 1. “Canada: ON,

Nepean, Slack Road, 9.x1.1999, sands, L. Masner, YPT”. 2. “Ooctonus longipetiolus Huber

Holotype & dorsal”.

Paratypes. 5992 and 26¢. CANADA. Ontario. Ancaster, 30.ix-12.x.1991, marsh,

B. DeJonge (1¢, CNC), 4-11.vi, and 25.vi-l.vii, B. DeJonge, prairie remnant (49, 1¢,

CNC); near Ancaster, 43°15’N 80°00'W, 7-28.vii.1995, B. DeJonge, bush/prairie (19,

CNC), 27.v-4.vi.1994, B. DeJonge, prairie, MT (12, CNC); Constance Bay [near Ottawa],

22-28.ix.1973, G. Gibson, PT (12, CNC); Hamilton, 2-7.viii.1980, M. Sanborne, MT

(22, CNC), 14-19.vii.1981, CNCHYM07515 [barcode failed], M. Sanborne (14, CNC);

London, 1-17.ix.1982, A. Tomlin, pine hedgerow (192, CNC); Malacoff, 22-28.vii.1985,

R. Foottit, YPT (19, CNC); Ottawa, same data as holotype (72, 24, CNC), same data as

holotype but 1.xi and 6-9.xi.1999 (79, 1¢, CNC); Shaw Forest near Eganville, 27.viii-3.

ix.1992, M. Sharkey, MT (1¢, CNC); Shirley’s Bay [E. of Ottawa], 27.viii-10.ix.1985, M.

Sanborne, H. Goulet (12, CNC); Thunder Bay, Law Road, Powell Lakes, 16.viii.1980,

M. Kaulbars (2¢, CNC). Quebec. Cap Rouge [near Quebec City], 3.viii.1955, O. Peck

(12, CNC); Luskville Falls top, Gatineau Park, 11.ix.1985, H. Goulet (1¢, CNC); Mont

Pinnacle, near Frelighsburg, 20.vi.1991, M. Sharkey (1¢, CNC). Prince Edward Island.

Millvale, 30.viii.1992, J. Heraty, deciduous forest along river (12, UCRC); 1 km SE.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Stanley Bridge, 30.viii.1992, J. Heraty, scrub/goldenrod/apple (1, CNC). USA. Florida.

Baker Co.: Glen St. Mary, 30°18'00"N 82°00'55"W, 14.xii.2006, 22.111, 3.v, 14.vi.2007, E.

Zoll, S. Fullerton, MT, rural yard/mixed woods (29, 2, UCFC). Highlands Co.: Archbold

Biological Station, 29.v.1991, J.B. Woolley (14, CNC). Marion Co.: Ocala National Forest,

Alexander Spring, 18.ix.1987, L. Masner, hardwood forest, sweep (19, 40, CNC). Orange

Co.: Apopka, Rocksprings, Kelly Park, 7.iii.1975, W.R.M. Mason (29, 14, CNC). Seminole

Co.: Longwood, 4-8.iii.1975, W.R.M. Mason (1, CNC). Maine. Washington Co.: 5 km E.

Wesley, hwy 9 at East Machias road, 29.viii.1984, M. Kaulbars (12, CNC). Maryland.

Montgomery Co.: Potomac River Trail, mouth of Seneca Creek, 16.vi.1985, L. Masner,

undergrowth by old canal (12, CNC). Prince Georges Co.: 2 mi. S. Laurel, 18-30.vi.1986,

M.E. Schauff (12, USNM); Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, 22.vi.1980, G. Gibson (1%,

1¢, CNC). Missouri. Wayne Co.: Williamsville, 21.x-11.xi.1987, J.T. Becker, MT (19,

CNC). North Carolina. Jackson Co.: Whiteside Mountain, near Highlands, 1600m, iv-20.

vi.1987, MT, oak forest, CNC Hymenoptera team (19, CNC). South Carolina. Dorchester

Co.: Francis Beidler Forest near Harleyville, 1-22.ix.1987, L. Masner (392, 14, CNC).

Virginia. Clarke Co.: 2 mi. S. Boyce, University of Virginia, Blandy Experimental Farm,

19-30.vi.1990, D.R. Smith, MT (2¢, USNM). Hardy Co.: 3 mi. NE. Mathias, 38°55'N

78°49'W, 17.iv-3.v, 17.v-3.vi, 4-17.vi, 18.vi-18.vii CNCHYM07516, 22.vii-13.1x, 10-30.

viii.2002, D.R. Smith, MT (112, 24, CNC, UCR). Louisa Co.: 4 mi. S. Cuckoo, 26.vi-5.

vii.1987, 15.ix-7.x.1988, J. Kloke, D.R. Smith, MT (22, USNM). Page Co.: Shenandoah

National Park, Big Meadows, 14.vi.1982, H. Goulet, sweeping various plant communities

in meadow (19, CNC).

Diagnosis. Ooctonus longipetiolus is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

combination of vertex with stemmaticum (Fig. 53), mesoscutum with median longitudinal

groove usually extending almost length of midlobe (Fig. 109, 112), transepimeral suture

not joining mesopleural suture dorsally, so femoral depression open above (Fig. 93),

propodeum with pentagonal areole separated from metascutellum by a median carina about

as long as areole and plica bifurcate with long arms (Fig. 131), and gastral petiole longer

than metacoxa + metatrochanter (Fig. 165); fl,—fl, each with 2 (rarely | on fl,) mps, clava

relatively long and funicle segments relatively short (Fig. 69).

Ooctonus longipetiolus is similar to O. canadensis in that both share most of the

above features. They differ in antennal proportions: O. canadensis has relatively longer

funicle segments and a relatively shorter clava that O. longipetiolus, and in head shape:

shorter and wider in O. longipetiolus (Fig. 32) compared to O. canadensis (Fig. 29).

Ooctonus longipetiolus is also remarkably similar to O. sublaevis Férster from Europe,

which seems to have all but one of the diagnostic features—the median longitudinal groove

on the mesoscutal midlobe is absent (Triapitsyn 2010), and the body is smaller (the femoral

groove and sutures were not described). Five other Ooctonus species in the Palaearctic and

Oriental regions have a long longitudinal groove on the mesoscutal midlobe (Triapitsyn

2010). Two specimens from Alabama and Florida (UCRC) have a larger pentagonal areole

and shorter gastral petiole so are not included in the type series. Whether they represent

variants of O. /ongipetiolus or a different species is uncertain.

Derivation of specific epithet. The name refers to the unusually long gastral petiole.

Huber ’ JESO Volume 143, 2012

Description. Female. Body length 1050-1382 (n=20). Head and mesosoma dark brown,

gaster and flagellum except fl, brown, pedicel dorsally and procoxa light brown; scape,

pedicel except dorsally, fl,, and legs except procoxa uniformly bright yellow to mainly brown

(except joints), especially on metafemur and metatibia; petiole even ligher yellow than legs.

Head. Head (Fig. 32) width (n=3) 337-344. Vertex (Fig. 53-male) with stemmaticum. Mid

ocellus diameter 27-31. Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 69) with 2 (occasionally 1) mps on fl,, 2

mps on each of fl_—fl,, and 7 mps on clava. FI, slightly the longest funicle segment. Fl —fl,

length/width ratios: fl 2.66-4.09, fl, 3.03-3. 81, fl, 2.73=3.24, fi, )2.57=3:30 Misa 3) 06.

fl, 1.82—2.89; clava 3. 75 —5.52x as long as wide, very slightly shore than fl, ny together.

Measurements (length/width, n=5): scape 216—224/31—36, pedicel 61 -65/33- 38, il 62

72/18—24, fl, 68-77/20-24, fl, 67—77/21-25, fl, 72-83/24—29, fl, 70-80/26-34, fl, 66—

79/21—367 i 68=77/29=35 hil: 67-77/29- 38, ceva 197-228/41-52. Total flagellum length

735-850. Mesosoma. pronotum (Figs. 109, 112) with collar wide, long and clearly visible

in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 109, 112) wide; midlobe of

mesoscutum with meshes engraved and with longitudinal median groove; scutellar setae long,

extending well beyond medially slightly concave anterior margin of frenum; frenum short,

at most 0.60 mesoscutellum length and entirely reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum

smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 131-male) smooth between carinae and its anterior margin with

a stub just lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum; median areole short, about as long as

wide, separated from metascutellum by a long median carina extending to metascutellum;

dorsolateral areole with a thin, broken carina close to and parallel with anterior and median

margin; plicae straight, not extending to metascutellum and widely bifurcate anteriorly as

two long lateral arms, the lateral one longer than the median one. Wings. Fore wing (Fig.

150) length 1310-1405, width 461-514, length/width 2.61—2.85, longest marginal setae

67-81, about 0.18 as long as greatest wing width (n=5). Hind wing (Fig. 150) length

935-1011, width 50-67, longest marginal setae 80-94. Metasoma. Petiole long (Fig. 165),

extending distinctly beyond apex of metacoxa + metatrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 165, 173) with

ovipositor length (n=5) 313-343, 0.68—0.72* as long as metatibia (461480).

Male. Body length. 998—1408 (n=5). Entire flagellum brown. Antenna (Fig. 82).

Measurements (n=3): scape 132-172, pedicel 48-54, fl, 90-122, fl, 101-139, fi, 99-135,

fl, 98-1295 fie 97-129) fi 98129 tie 00-130; fi; LO0-128 i IOI 8rene 101- PANE iby

97-121. Total flagellar length 1090-1412. Fl, length/width 2. 85- S22i8 ah 9 or 10 mps.

Mid ocellus diameter 31—33. Genitalia fairly narrow for anterior half of length (Fig. 184).

Barcoding. Two of three specimens yielded barcodes (CNCHYM07514-Ontario,

CNCHYM07516-Virginia); the third did not (CNCHYMO07515-Ontario). Based on the

DNA two species are involved. Upon rechecking the Ontario specimen I realized I had

misidentified the Ontario specimen (it is much smaller than O. /ongipetiolus specimens). It

does not fit the other described species so it is placed under Unassigned species (below).

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. The habitats are varied: marsh, prairie remnant,

bush/prairie, pine hedgerow, oak forest, undergrowth by old canal, plant communities in

meadow.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Ooctonus notatus Walker

(Figs. 33, 44, 54, 55, 70, 83, 110, 113, 132, 151, 166, 174)

Ooctonus notatus; Walker, 1846: 50; Dalla Torre, 1898: 430 (catalogue); Schmiedeknecht,

1909: 490 (catalogue); Kloet and Hincks, 1945: 305 (checklist, Britain); Triapitsyn

2010: 28 (redescription, literature), 30 (records from USA).

Ooctonus heterotomus Foerster, 1847: 201; Kalina 1989: 127 (checklist, Czechoslovakia).

Synonymy under O. notatus by Graham, 1982: 226.

Ooctonus auripes Whittaker, 1931: 190 (in part); Triapitsyn, 2010: 28 (see also under O.

vulgatus).

Type material. Lectotype 9 of O. notatus Walker in NMID (not examined), designated by

Graham 1982: 226. Synonyms and their types treated by Triapitsyn (2010).

Paralectotype. One ¥ of O. auripes in USNM (examined), on card and mounted in

same manner as lectotype of O. auripes and labelled |. “Paratype”. 2. “Paratype No. 43553

U.S.N.M..” 3. “Chilliwack, B.C. 4.1X.26 Coll. O.W.”. 4. “Ooctonus auripes Whitt. 2 Det.

O. Whittaker”. 5. “= Ooctonus notatus Walker Det. S.V. Triapitsyn 2008”. The paralectotype

is mounted in the same way as the lectotype but the right antenna is missing fl, , and the

left antenna is missing the apical half of the clava. I agree with Triapitsyn (2010) that the

paralectotype is a specimen of O. notatus. However, the lectotype of O. auripes (BMNH)

belongs to O. vulgatus (see below under O. vulgatus).

Diagnosis. Ooctonus notatus is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the combination

of body length less than 1000 um, fi, distinctly shorter and narrower than fl, or fi,, and

without mps, mesoscutellum entirely reticulate, and propodeum with median areole joined

directly to propodeum.

Ooctonus notatus is most similar to O. silvensis and O. vulgatus. All are small

species with a short pronotum and gaster and without mps on fl,— fl,. Ooctonus notatus

is distinguished from these and perhaps other Nearctic species by the presence of 2 mps

on fl,, fl,, and fl, (Fig. 70) (fl, without mps in O. si/vensis and O. vulgatus), the frenum

with reticulation over the entire surface (Fig. 110, 113) (smooth or almost so medially in

O. silvensis and O. vulgatus), and propodeum with a large median areole not separated

from metascutellum (Fig. 132). A median areole joined anteriorly directly to the propodeal

margin also occurs in O. vulgatus but O. vulgatus has a shorter marginal vein.

Description. Female. Body length 742—922 (n=10). Head and mesosoma dark brown,

metasoma brown, sometimes reddish brown; radicle, scape and pedicel laterally and

petiole yellow; legs except apical tarsomere of each leg usually uniform light yellow, rarely

with slight brown infuscation on femora and tibiae. Head. Head (Fig. 33) width 277-287

(n=3). Vertex (Fig. 44, 55-male) without stemmaticum. Mid ocellus diameter about 19.

Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 70) with 2 mps on fl,, fl, and fl,, and 7 mps on clava. Fl, the

longest segment; Fl—fl, length/width ratios (n= aN ‘i 2.49- DAO 2 232259), wile ig

2.66, fi, 1.84-2.17, fl. I '89- 1.90, fl, 1.58-1.94; clava ) 76-3.52x as long as wide, slightly

shorter ian fi fl _together. MMe gatnentcars (length/width: scape 173—179/31—32, pedicel

56—57/3 1-32, fl, 4446/1618, fi, 043) li Neti 42 47/320) 1 3538/1719). fh

53-56/27-28, fi, '36/19- 23; ii 49> 53/24-30, fl, 46-47732- 35, clava 161-168/47- 59: Total

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

flagellum length 500-534. Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs. 110, 113) wide, with collar short

and scarcely visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 110, 113)

very wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes raised anteriorly, engraved posteriorly;

scutellar seta short, extending just posterior to medially slightly concave frenal line; frenum

about 0.79 mesoscutellum length, and entirely reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum

smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 132) smooth between carinae and its anterior margin with stub

just lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum; median areole joined to metascutellum by

united carinae of dorsolateral areoles; plica straight, not (or scarcely) bifurcate anteriorly,

extending to apex of stub. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 151) length 911—939, width 329-350,

length/width 2.68—2.80, longest marginal setae 52-60, about 0.17 as long as greatest wing

width (n=3). Hind wing (Fig. 151) length 689-710, width 38-41, longest marginal setae

79-101. Metasoma. Petiole shorter than metacoxa + metatrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 166, 174)

with ovipositor length 376-442 (n=3) 1.15—1.29* as long as metatibia (326-335).

Male. Body length 845-922 (n=2). Legs mainly brown. Antenna (Fig. 83).

Measurements, length (n=2): scape 143-159, pedicel 50—S6, fl, 76-85, fl, 89-91, fl, 89-92,

fi, 90-92, fi; 91=93;fl. 86-89) fl | 75-93, fl, 92-93) fi, 9192) fi 87 95, fi aS SanMotal

flagellar length 959-1007. FI, length/width 3.31—3.33 and with 6 mps. Mid ocellus diameter

24.

Barcoding. Three of five specimens yielded barcodes (CNCH YM07459, CNCHY M07461,

and CNCHYM07462) and two did not (CNCHYM07460 and CNCHYMO07463). There

was little variation among the specimens despite the geographic range covered (Alberta,

Ontario, and Prince Edward Island.)

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected in a fallow field,

old field, turnip [rutabaga] field, potato field, and orchard. Some specimens may have come

from more natural habitats (less disturbed by mankind).

Material examined. 699 and 114. Six specimens reported by Triapitsyn (2010) from

Montana and Washington were also examined, confirming his identifications. Their

collection data are not duplicated here. Specimens from Alaska, California, and Oregon

(Triapitsyn 2010) were not examined but represent additional state records. CANADA.

Alberta. Beaverlodge area, Saskatoon Mt., 962m, 55°13.20'N 119°16.92'W, 2.viii.2007,

J. Otani, natural meadow, sweeping, CNCHYMO07462 (1¢, CNC). British Columbia.

Shushwap Lake, Blind Bay, 15-31.viii.1986, C.A. Elsey, MT, CNCHYM07460 [barcode

failed] (14, CNC); Upper Carmanah Valley, 31-vii-11.viti, 12-27.viti, 28.vii-9.1x, 10-29.1x,

30.ix-16.x, 17-26.x.1991, N. Winchester, MT (159, 33¢, CFS-Victoria). New Brunswick.

Fundy National Park, Chignecto campsite, 45.6032°N 64.9877°W, 12.viii.2009, J. Fernandez,

roadside, MT (22, CNC); Parker Ridge, Forest Insect Survey, 53-18C14, 5.viii.1953 (29,

14, CNC). Nova Scotia. Bridgetown, 7.x.1912, 20.vii, 26.vii, 5.xi, 16.xi, 1.x.1913, G.E.

Saunders (32, 384, USNM). Newfoundland. Cornerbrook, 48°57.355’N 57°54.681°W,

17.vii.2008, H. Goulet, C. Boudreault, fallow field (22, 54, CNC). Nova Scotia. Cape

Breton Highlands National Park, Pleasant Bay, 24.vii.1983, L. Masner (32, CNC). Ontario.

Buckham’s Bay, 45.4985°N 76.1108°W, v-x.2010, J. Read, MT, CNCHYMO07459 (19,

CNC): Hamilton, 28.vii-1.viii.1981,M. Sanborne, MT (32, CNC); Island Falls, 23.viti.1959,

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

S.M. Clark (19, CNC); London, Fanshawe Experimental Farm, 9-12.1982, L. Masner,

turnip field (29, CNC), and 5-30.vii.1982, L. Masner (12, CNC); Ottawa, 45°21.365'N

75°42.416'W, 5-8.x.2008, H. Goulet (19, CNC); Thunder Bay, Powells Lakes, 10.5 km NE.

Lake Superior, Law road, 16.viii.1980. M. Kaulbars, sweeping, CNCH YM07463 [barcode

failed] (1¢, CNC). Waterloo, 4.ix.1977, L. LeSage (19, CNC). Prince Edward Island.

Charlottetown, 4-18.viii.1991, M.E.M. Smith, rutabaga field, YPT, (19, CNC); Harrington,

18-22. vill. 1988, 18-24.vii, 23.vil-8.vill, 7-21.vili.1989, M.E.M. Smith, potato field, YPT

(52, 14, CNC); North Tryon, 7.viii.1991, M.E.M. Smith, potato field, YPT (12, CNC);

near Stanope, Brackley Beach,17.vili.1988, C.M. Yoshimoto, sweeping, CNCHY M07461

(12, CNC). Quebec. Belle-Anse, 48°37.50'N 64°10.70'W, 26.vii.2008, H. Goulet, C.

Boudreault, A. Badiss, fallow field, sweeping (39, 1¢, CNC); Frelighsburg, 8.viii.1995,

N. Bostanian, orchard, YPT (12, CNC); Lac Chicobi, 18.viii.1971, A. Sauvé, MT (39,

CNC). USA. New York. Herkimer Co.: 9 mi. N. Herkimer, no date, N.F. Johnson, old

field, MT (22, 14, CNC). Ohio: Portage Co., Nelson & Kennedy State Res., 9.viii.2003, T.

Pucci (12, CLEV). Virginia. Page Co.: Shenandoah National Park, Big Meadows, 1006m,

19.ix.1980, L. Masner, B. Bowen (22, 194, CNC), 8.vii.1987, G. Gibson (24, CNC),

8.vii.1987, 1300m, J. T. Huber, sweeping (69, 54, CNC). Washington. Clallam Co.:

Olympic National Park, 4 mi. S. Elwha [River], 15.viii.1985, A.T. Finnamore, T. Thormin

(22, CNC). Pacific Co.: 6 mi. N. Raymond, 19.vii.1988, J.D. Pinto (12, CNC). Pierce Co.:

Ashford, 1-14.viii.1985 (12, CNC). Thurston Co.: Kalispell, 30.vii.1988, H.E. Andersen

(63, UCRC).

Ooctonus occidentalis Whittaker

(Figs. 14, 34, 45, 56, 71, 84, 111, 114, 133, 152, 167, 175, 180)

Ooctonus occidentalis Whittaker, 1931: 191; Peck, 1951: 411 (catalogue); Peck, 1963: 19

(catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue).

Ooctonus insignis Haliday: Triapitsyn, 2010: 23, 47 (misidentifications). The two female

specimens from Alaska in CAS, one of which bears a 2009 identification label by

Triapitsyn reading “Ooctonus ?insignis” and incorrectly published as O. insignis

[without the question mark], are both O. occidentalis.

Type material. Lectotype 2 in BMNH (examined), here designated to avoid ambiguity

about the status of the type specimens of this species, on card (Fig. 14) labelled 1.

“Lectotype [purple edged circle]”. 2. “Type [red rectangular label]”. 3. “Hollyburn, B.C.

31.VHI.30 Coll. O.W.”. 4. Canada: O. Whittaker Coll. Per W.H. Storey. B.M. 1947 - 212.”.

5. “Ooctonus occidentalis Whitt. 9 Det. O. Whittaker’. 6. “B.M. Type Hym. 5.2321”. The

lectoype is mounted face down on the card with wings, legs, and antennae (dorsal view)

spread out.

Paralectotype. One female in USNM (examined), on card and mounted in same

manner as lectotype, and labelled 1. “Paratype”. 2. “Paratype No. 43554 U.S.N.M..”

3. “Hollyburn, B.C. 18.VII.28 Coll. O.W.”. 4. “Ooctonus occidentalis Whitt. 2 Det. O.

Whittaker”.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Diagnosis. Ooctonus occidentalis is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

combination of fl—fl, each with 2 sensory ridges, vertex with stemmaticum, propodeum

without spur, pentagonal areole with anterior median carina gradually and smoothly

bifurcating posteriorly, and plica clearly and uniformly bowed outwards and meeting

propodeal margin well within lateral margins of metascutellum.

Some of the above features (stemmaticum, lack of propodeal spur and shape of

sublateral carina) occur in O. hemipterus but this is a smaller species with shorter antenna

and mps on fl, and fl, only, and the propodeum is reticulate. Oriental and Palaearctic species

that lack a spur are O. himalayus Subba Rao, O. lapen Triapitsyn, and O. spartak Triapitsyn

but they differ in other features.

Description. Female. Body length 1434-1613 (n=10). Head, flagellum except fl, and

sometimes fl, and fl,,and mesosoma dark brown; metasoma brown; scape, pedicel, fl and

sometimes fl, and fl,, petiole, and legs uniform bright yellow. Head. Head (Fig. 34) width

350-407 (n= 25) Vertex (Figs. 45, 56) with stemmaticum; mid ocellus diameter 30-36.

Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 71) with 2 mps on fl—fl, and 7 mps on clava. FI, the longest

funicle segment. Fl —fl, length/width ratios (n=5): fl, 4, 19-5.76, fl, 3.77-4.59, fl 3.48-4.54,

ASals—-4 47 yile2 90- 3 S, fi,.2:67—3.35: Clavasis0= n 93 as long as wide, slightly shorter

than fi, =i _together, Measurements (length/width, n=5): scape 260—283/36—44, pedicel 67—

7138-41, fl, 93-110/19—23, fl, 88-106/22—23, fl, 86—-108/24—26, fl, 85—-101/23—24, fi, 90-

99/29-31, fl 86—97/29-32) ie 82-92/30-32, fl, i= 83/3742, cla 220—238/57-63. Total

flagellum length 907-1032. Mesosoma. Pronotum (Rigs 111, 114) with collar narrow, long

and clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina (Figs. 111, 114). Mesonotum

(Figs. 111, 114) wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes engraved; scutellar seta long,

extending well posterior to frenal line; frenum about 0.6 mesoscutellum length and entirely

reticulate, frenal line slightly concave medially. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth.

Propodeum (Fig. 133) smooth between carinae and its anterior margin without stub; median

areole well separated from metascutellum by fairly long median carina not extending to

metascutellum; plica uniformly curved, extending to metascutellum medial to its lateral

margin, and not divided anteriorly. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 152) length 1529-1763, width

570-650, length/width 2.55—2.68, longest marginal setae 68—91, about 0.13 as long as

greatest wing width. Hind wing (Fig. 152) length 1175-1311, width 65—79. Metasoma.

Petiole shorter than metacoxa + metatrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 167, 175) with ovipositor

length 455—5S05 (n=5), 0.81—0.85* as long as metatibia (554—608).

Male. Body length 1210-1469 (n=10). Entire flagellum dark brown. Antenna (Fig.

84). Measurements, length (n=4): scape 188-202, pedicel 61—65, fl, 155-174, fl, 171-198,

fl, 164-198, fl, 165-195, fl, 166-192, fl, 168-188, fl, 166-186, fl, 162- Igoe 161-170, Li

153- 1 7Opti 147- LS: Total flagellar length 1184— 1994, Each faeelionier slightly, bottle-

shaped, distinctly wider towards base (Fig. 84). Fl, length/width 4.27—5.03, with about 8

mps. Mid ocellus diameter 34. Genitalia fairly narrow in anterior half (Fig. 180).

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens have been collected mainly in forests,

from old growth rainforest (hemlock and cedar), to deciduous forest (alder and cottonwood)

but also from a meadow. Ooctonus occidentalis has often been collected at the same times

and places as O. canadensis.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Barcoding. Two of three specimens yielded barcodes (CNCH YM07504, CNCH Y M07507),

the third did not (CNCHYM07508). There was no intraspecific variation based on DNA,

not surprisingly because the specimens were from the same collecting event. Two other

specimens were incorrectly assigned to O. occidentalis prior to barcoding. They belong to

O. canadensis.

Variation. The Alaska specimen has both antennae missing beyond fl, (and part of this

segment may also be missing) and the propodeal carinae differ slightly from other specimens.

It is identified O. occidentalis with some doubt.

Material examined. 289 and 29%. CANADA. British Columbia. Near Elk Falls,

49°08.25'N 121°48.16'W, 500m, 9.vili.2001, D. Gillespie, H. Goulet, L. Hoey, old meadow

and old growth rainforest (hemlock and cedar), CNCHYM07508 [barcode failed] (3%,

34, CNC); Manning Provincial Park, 650m, 1-10.vii.1988, S. & J. Peck (12, 1¢, CNC);

Queen Charlotte Is., Charlotte City, 9.viii.1960, W.R. Richards (1¢, CNC), Graham I.,

Masset, 9-13.vii.1983, ILM. Smith (14, CNC), Graham I., Rennel Sound, 15.vii.1983,

I.M. Smith, sweeping grasses and alders (14, CNC), Graham I., Tow Hill, 7-vii.1983, I.M.

Smith (14, CNC); Sooke, 48°23'44.6"N 123°45'55”W, 90m, 27-31.vii.2010, A. Bennett,

MT (14, CNC); Sumas Mountain Provincial Park, 29.vii.1980, G. Gibson, sweeping

(22, USNM); Terrace, 2.viii.1960, W.R. Richards (14, CNC); Tweedsmuir Provincial

Park, Bella Coola Valley, Stuie, 23.vii-4.vili.1983, I.M. Smith, meadow, pitfall trap (1°,

CNC); Vancouver, 10.vii.1988, J.R. Vockeroth (14, CNC), Pacific Spirit Provincial Park,

7.viii.1997, I. Klimaszewski, forest edge (19, CNC); Vancouver I., Lake Cowichan, 1.7

km N. of town, 24.vi1.1979, 19-28.vii.1985, I.M. Smith, at seepage area, sweeping (49,

1¢, CNC), Sayward, 1000’, 14.vi-10.xi.1984, D. Miller, PT, alder/cottonwood (19, 12,

CNC). USA. Alaska. 14 km N. Juneau, Mendenhall Valley, Dredge Lake, 17-25.vili.1999,

M. Schultz, MT (12, 24, UCRC); Sitka, 0-100m, vii.1970, N.L.H. Krauss (1¢, USNM);

Valdez, Valdez Glacier Campground, 2.viii.1978, P.H. Arnaud (2°, CAS). California. De/

Norte Co.: Crescent City, 3.viii.1940, H. & M. Townes (22, 24, AEIC); Klamath, coastal

trail, 3.viii.1985, L. Masner, sweeping, CNCHYM07504, CNCHYMO07507 (119, 112,

CNC, UCRC). Oregon. Curry Co.: Port Oxford, 10.vi1.1985, I.M. Smith, 4.6 km from

101, stream by road to McGribble Campground (32, 2¢, CNC). Washington. Clallam

Co.: Agnew, 25.vi1.1990, J.D. Pinto. Pacific Co.: 23.2 mi. S. South Bend on US 10, 8-11.

ix.1968, D.D. Munroe, MT (12, CNC).

Ooctonus quadricarinatus Girault

(Figs. 3, 6, 7, 17, 22, 35, 57, 72, 85, 95, 115, 118, 134, 140, 153, 181, 189, 192, 195-198)

Ooctonus quadricarinatus Girault, 1916b: 301; Girault, 1929: 21 (key); Peck, 1951: 411

(catalogue); Peck, 1963: 19 (catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue).

Ooctonus quadrisignatus Blackman, 1915: 56 (nomen nudum).

Type material. Lectotype ¢ (Fig. 17) in USNM (examined), here designated to avoid

confusion about the identity of this species, on slide (Fig. 22) labeled: 1. “Ooctonus

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

ppacaipaceees tus Gir © types.”. 2. “Ooctonus quadricarinatus Lectotype 4 des. Huber

2011”. 3. “19942”. 4. “+14 Polynema (Doriclytus) Det. J. Huber & S. Triapitsyn 2008”.

The cate pe is the most intact specimen of Ooctonus quadricarinatus (only head separated

from rest of body).

Paralectotypes. The two other, broken up males of O. quadricarinatus {and two

males of Polynema (one 1s a head + antennae only)] under one cover slip on the type slide are

designated here as paralectotypes. The types clearly are most of the specimens mentioned

by Blackman (1915), probably using a name supplied to him by Girault who then changed

his mind about the specific epithet when he described the species a year later. Blackman

(1915) incorrectly recorded the sex of the Ooctonus specimens as female but astutely noted

that the host could not be a species of Scolytidae but possibly came from eggs of tree

hoppers or leaf hoppers.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus quadricarinatus is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

combination of large size, very dark petiole and coxae (Fig. 3), and ovipositor exserted

distinctly beyond the gastral apex.

Description. Female. Body length 1382—1843 (n=10). Head and mesosoma black, metasoma

dark brown, except petiole apically and gaster basally and ovipositor lighter brown; antenna

dark brown except radicle and scape and pedicel laterally usually yellowish; coxae, femora,

and apical tarsomere dark brown, trochanters, tibiae, and tarsomeres 1—4 usually yellowish

(Fig. 3). Mandibles brown. Head. Head width (n=4) 316-352. Vertex without stemmaticum

(Fig. 57-male). Mid ocellus diameter 27—35. eae Flagellum (Fig. 72) with | mps

(rarely 0) on fi,, 1 mps on fl, 2 mps (rarely 1) on fl, 2 mps on fl,, and 7 mps on clava;

fl, slightly the longest funicle segment. Fl —-fl, length/width ratios Ge =5): fl, 4.03-5.00, fi,

4.29- 5.70, fl, 4.08-4.98, fi, 3.94-4.61, fi, 3. 58 3.88, fl 3al0=3525 Clava 401A 7aeceallone

as wide, atl almost as [eng as half of fl, + fl, and fl, together. Total flagellum 708-758.

Measurements (length/width, n=5): scape 230- 260/30-44, pedicel 30-44/32—36, fl, 80—

90/18-22, fl, 93-105/21—25, fl, 98-107/21—24, fl, 90-99/20-24, fi, 93-98/21-27, fl, 78—

91/24—27, fl 89-94/30-32, fi, 16~ 84/3242, ead 208—227/44—SS. “Total flagellum length

905-995. Macuser! Browottinl (Figs. 115, 118) with collar moderately narrow and short

but clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 6, 7, 95, 115,

118-male) moderately wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes engraved; scutellar setae

short, extending posteriorly at most to medially almost straight frenal line; frenum about

0.66* mesoscutellum length. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth. Propodeum (Fig.

134-male) smooth between carinae, and anterior margin of propodeum with a stub slightly

lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum; median areole separated from metascutellum by

fairly short median carina; plica straight, its anterior apex extending almost to stub, and with

a short bifurcation. Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 153-male) length 1508—1623, width 528-581,

length/width 2.81—2.88, longest marginal setae 63—75, about 0.13% as long as greatest wing

width (n=4). Hind wing (Fig. 153-male) length (n=3) 1156-1194, width 69-71, longest

marginal setae 94-103. Metasoma. Petiole almost as long as metacoxa + metatrochanter.

Gaster (Fig. 189) with ovipositor length 1173—1253 (n=5), 1.77—2.17* as long as metatibia

(580-683), and distinctly projecting beyond gastral apex.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Male. Body length 1152-1638 (n=10). Antenna (Fig. 85). Measurements, length

(n=3): scape 188-199, pedicel 63-69, fl, 159-164, fl, 182-194, fl, 184-200, fl, 188-190,

fl; 171-195, fi; 167—187, fi, 168-185, fi, 163-176; fi, 159-166, fl, 166-171, fl, 153-174.

Total flagellar length 1887-2027. Fl, length/width 3.82—4.73, with 8 or 9 mps. Mid ocellus

diameter 39-41. Gaster (Fig. 192). Genitalia fairly wide (dorsal view) for most of its length

(Figs. 181, 192).

Hosts and habitat. One male (Ontario, Chalk River) was recorded from Pissodes strobi

Say (Curculionidae). Additional rearing records are needed to confirm the weevil host.

Many specimens have been obtained from stumps, logs or forests of Pinus [some infested

with Jomicus piniperda (L.)], others from meadows or openings in forests and two from

grassland and plankton netting. The latter two specimens were evidently collected during

dispersal. Blackman (1915) collected the type series from Pinus strobus L.

Barcoding. Four of five specimens yielded barcodes (CNCH YM07470, CNCHY M07471,

and CNCHYM07472, CNCHYM07473) and one did not (CNCHYM07469). There was

slight variation in DNA among the specimens.

Material examined. 349 and 74¢. CANADA. New Brunswick. Queen’ Co.: 25 km

W. Canaan Forks, hwy. 112, 19.viii.1984, M. Kaulbars (14, CNC). Albert Co.: Fundy

National Park, Chignecto campsite, 6-10.viii.2009, J. Fernandez, YPT (24, CNC). Kent

Co., Kouchibouguac National Park, 18.v.1977, G.A.P. Gibson (3, CNC). Nova Scotia.

Bay of Fundy, 21.viii.1979, A. Locke, from plankton sample (12, CNC); Kejimkujik

National Park, Peter’s Point, 44.36571°N 65.19624°W, 2.vi11.2009, J. Fernandez, mixed

forest, swamp, CNCHYM07469 [barcode failed], CNCHYM07470, CNCHYM07472,

CNCHYM07473, (12 and 5 4, CNC). Ontario. Alfred Bog, 29.vii.1984, M. Sanborne

(1d, CNC); 5 mi. E. Camden East, 44°20’19”"N 76°47°46”W, 1-8.viii.1997, P. Bouchard,

grassland, MT (12, CNC); Chalk River, 18.viii.1951, J.M. Anderson, ex Pissodes strobi

(1g, CNC); near Clayton, 12.viii.1981, C. Babcock, H. Goulet (39 and 24, CNC);

Constance Bay, 6-23.vii, 12-24.viii, and 26.viii-7.ix.1983, M. Sanborne (1 Qand 4°, CNC):

near Flanboro, Lawson Farm, 21-30.ix.1996, alvar, B. DeJonge, MT (12, CNC); Guelph,

ex trap logs of Scots and Jack pines infested with Zomicus piniperda, collected 24.111-29.

vi.1998, em. 21 and 30.vii.1998 in laboratory, K. Ryall (39 and 74, ROM, CNC) and 20 km

S., Reid Property, 23.vii-8.viii.1998, K. Ryall, ex Pinus sylvestris log (692 and 20¢, CNC);

Haliburton Forest and Wildlife Reserve, 45°15’N 78°35’W, 7 and 8.viii.2001, C. Vance,

pine forest, MT (22, CNC); Hamilton, 14-22.viii.1981, M. Sanborne (1°, CNC); London,

1-17.ix.1972, A. Tomlin, pine hedgerow (14, CNC), Fanshawe Experimental Farm, 10-31.

Vii, 5.ix.-2.x.1981, 4-25.viii.1982, A. Tomlin (12 and 34, CNC); Nepean, Bruce Pit, 1-14.

xi.1993, and Merivale Gardens, 1-11.xi.1984, L. Masner, YPT (2°, CNC); Palgrave, SE. Of

Orangeville, 1.viii.1998, K. Ryall, ex Pinus sylvestris log (24, CNC); Rockton, |.viii.1998,

K. Ryall, ex Pinus sylvestris log (1¢, CNC); Rondeau Provincial Park, 13.viii.1980, C.M.

Yoshimoto (12, CNC), near hwy. 16, 44°47712”N 75°30°38”W, 16-22.viii, 27.ix-5.x.1994,

L. Masner, YPT CNCHYM07471 (34, CNC); Woodside, 27.viii.2007, ex Pinus sylvestris

log, P. DeGroot (14, CFS-Great Lakes). Prince Edward Island. Millvale, 46°25'7"N

63°26'22"W, river, 30.viii.1992, J. Heraty. Quebec. Gatineau Park, 26.vili.1987, sweeping,

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

and vil-vili. 1989, L. Masner, emergence trap over pine stump (29, CNC), Luskville Falls,

300m, 12-19.vili, 25.vili-2.i1x.1986, J. Denis, L. Dumouchel, blueberry fields in oak-conifer

clearing, YPT (2¢, CNC), near Luskville Falls, 27.vii-4.viii.1992, CNC Hym team (16,

CNC). USA. Alabama. Baldwin Co.: Tensaw, 31.17°N 87.72°W, 15.xii.2004, E. Benton

(ly, CNC). Arkansas. Johnson Co.: 12 mi. NE. Clarksville White Road Spring, 11.viii-6.

ix.1994, G. Leeds, YPT (14, CNC). New York. Otsego Co.: Oneonta, 1900’, 18.viii.1935,

H.K. Townes, swamp (1¢, AEIC). North Carolina. 14 mi. NW. Highlands, Nantahala

National Forest, 3500’, 27.1x.1980, L. Masner and B. Bowen (19, CNC). South Carolina.

Aiken Co.: no locality given, 3.viii.1998, J.P. Pitts (1¢, CNC). Tennessee. Blount Co.:

Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Top of the World, 35°38’N 83°55'W, 670m, 2-16.

vii. 1998, H. Alley, old growth pine, MT (6¢, CNC). Henderson Co.: Lexington, Natchez

Trace State Park, 11-15.vi.1972, G. Heinrich, MT (14, CNC). Virginia. Essex Co.: 1 mi.

SE. Dunnsville, 37°52'N 76°48'W, 14.111-3.iv, 12-21.vi, 3-20.vili.1996, D.R. Smith, MT

(592, 2¢, USNM). Hardy Co.: 3 mi. NE. Mathias, 38°55'N 78°49'W, 2-16.vii, 17.vii-2.viii,

22.vii-13.ix, and 14.ix-14.x.2002, D.R. Smith, MT (59 and 14, CNC). Louisa Co.: 4 mi.

S. Cuckoo, 15.vi.1985, J. Kloke, D.R. Smith, MT (192, USNM). Montgomery Co.: 8 mi.

N. Blacksburg, 1000m, 24.x-8.xi.1987, MT (1¢, CNC); Page Co.: Shenandoah National

Park, Big Meadow, 1300m, 8.vii-20.viii.1987, CNC Hym. Team, MT (1¢, CNC), Skyline

Parkway S., 610-915m, 20.ix.1980, L. Masner and B. Bowen (12, CNC).

Ooctonus readae Huber, sp. n.

(Figs: 2, 8,10; 23,36; 58; 73; 86,94, 116) 1195135) 154368y 1769190)

Type material. Holotype (CNC), on slide (Fig. 23) labeled: 1. “Canada: ON, Buckham’s

Bay, 45.4985°N 76.1108°W, 15-20.v.2010, J. Read, MT”. 2. “Ooctonus readae Huber

Holotype & dorsal”.

Paratypes. 439 and 20¢. CANADA. Ontario. Buckham’s Bay, 45.4985°N

76.1108°W, 15-20.v CNCHYM07465 [barcode failed], 21-28.v.2010 CNCHYM07466

[barcode failed], J. Read, MT (302, 94, CNC); 5 km NW. Almonte, hwy 49, Burnt Lands

Provincial Park, 45°5.29'N 76°08.39'W, H. Goulet, J. Frenandez, 29.v.2008, alvar, sweep

(42, 84, CNC); North Gower to Smiths Falls, 45°02’N 75°54'W, 14-16, 17-19.v.2004, A.

Bennett, D. Barnes, MT (592, 14, CNC); Ottawa, 45°21.365'N 75°42.426'W, 24-30.v.2007

CNCHYM07464, 1-15.v.2010, H. Goulet, city garden, MT, (49, 24, CNC)

Derivation of specific epithet. The species is named after Jennifer Read, an excellent

technician who has produced outstanding digital images for my publications on

Mymaridae.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus readae is distinguished from most other Nearctic species by the

frenum medially smooth or almost so (with reticulate sculpture much weaker or absent

medially than laterally), a feature shared with O. silvensis and O. vulgatus.

Ooctonus readae differs from O. vulgatus by its larger ocelli (smaller in O.

vulgatus), smaller eye (larger in O. vu/gatus), longer marginal vein (shorter in O. vu/gatus),

shorter and relatively wider fl,, and narrower pentagonal areole that does not extend to the

metascutellum (wider areole extending to metascutellum in O. vulgatus). Ooctonus readae

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

differs from O. silvensis by the presence of mps on fl, and fl, (mps absent on fl, and usually

on fl, in O. silvensis).

Description. Female. Body length 1024-1178 (n=10). Head and mesosoma dark brown,

almost black, petiole brownish yellow, metasoma very dark brown; radicle yellow, scape

laterally and ventrally and pedicel apically brownish yellow, flagellum dark brown; legs

yellowish, almost always with strong brown suffusion medially on femora and tibiae and

sometimes procoxa; apical tarsomere of each leg dark brown (Fig.2). Head. Head (Fig. 36)

width 295-309 (n=5). Vertex (Fig. 58) without stemmaticum; mid ocellus diameter 21—26;

LOL about 2.5. Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 73) with | mps on fl,, usually | (sometimes 0) mps

on fl,, and 2 mps on fl, and fl,. Fl, and fl, equally long, slightly the longest funicle segments.

Fl, fi, length/width ratios (n=5): fl, 2:3 2=3).00! fly 1k97=2:37; MAS 2027 fl u8S= 2S he

Ii 88- 2 12, fi, 1.35—-1.68; clava 3. 09- 3.31 as long as wide, he slightly eae than fl,- fi,

together. Measurements (length/width; n=5): scape 189-204/40-43, pedicel 66—71/35— 26,

fl, 51-60/19-24, fl, 47-53/21—24, fl, 48-55/23—25, fl, 41-47/21—24, fl, 51-59/25-30, fi,

42-48/26- 30, fl, AS=5i1/313i1s fl, 46- 52/36-39, eilana 165—175/50- 59. Total flagellum

length 539-600. Mesosoma. Pronotiim (Figs. 116, 119) with collar wide, moderately long

and clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 94, 116, 119)

wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes engraved; scutellar setae fairly short, extending

slightly posterior to medially almost straight frenal line; frenum 0.60—0.68* mesoscutellum

length and smooth or almost so medially, reticulate laterally. Metanotum with metascutellum

smooth. Propodeum (Figs. 8, 135) smooth between carinae; anterior margin with stub just

lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum; median areole separated from metascutellum

by median carina; plica straight or slightly curved outward and not divided anterodorsally,

ending just anterior to stub. Wings. Fore wing (Figs. 18, 154) length 1137-1194, width

395-412, length/width 2.86—2.97, longest marginal setae 62—71, about 0.17* as long as

greatest wing width (n=5). Marginal/stigmal vein 117—134, about 0.5 submarginal vein

length. Hind wing (Fig. 154) length 864—921, width 49-62, longest marginal setae 98—107.

Metasoma. Petiole as long as metacoxa. Gaster (Fig. 168, 176, 190) with ovipositor length

415-509 (n=5), 1.02—1.19x as long as metatibia (397-427).

Male. Body length. 973-1075 (n=10). Antenna (Fig. 86). Measurements, length

(n=1): scape 158, pedicel 66, fl, 103, fi, 104, fl, 104, fl, 102, fl, 107, fi, 103, fl, 104, fl, 102,

fi, 104, fl, 84, fl,, 91. Total Aree la length 1095. Bl length width 3. 67 and ae 6(72) mps.

Mid pceilus Gemerer 25!

Barcoding. One of three specimens yielded barcodes (CNCHYM07464) and two did not

(CNCHY M07465 and CNCHYM 07466) even though they were collected into 95% ethanol

in a Malaise trap in 2010, so intraspecific variation based on DNA cannot be assessed.

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. The type series came from a Malaise trap located

on a sandy lawn at the edge of a deciduous/coniferous forest.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Ooctonus silvensis Girault

(Figs. 4, 16, 24, 36, 59, 74, 87, 96, 117, 120, 136, 165, 169, 177, 182, 194)

Ooctonus silvensis Girault, 1916a: 70; Girault, 1929: 22 (key); Peck, 1951: 411 (catalogue);

Peck, 1963: 19 (catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue).

Type material. Holotype Y in USNM (examined), on slide (Fig. 24) labeled: 1. “Ooctonus

silvensis Girault. Y type”. 2. “19375”. The holotype is in poor condition, crushed and

broken up (Fig. 16) under one cover slip.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus silvensis females are distinguished from most other Nearctic species

by the frenum mostly smooth except laterally (Fig. 117), a feature shared with O. readae

and O. vulgatus.

Ooctonus silvensis differs from O. vulgatus by its longer marginal vein (shorter

in O. vulgatus), larger ocelli (ocelli minute in O. vulgatus), shorter and relatively wider fl,

(longer and narrower in O. vulgatus), and narrower pentagonal areole that does not extend

to the metascutellum (wider areole extending to metascutellum in O. vulgatus). Ooctonus

silvensis differs from O. readae by the absence of mps on fl, and fl, (mps present on fl, and

usually on fl, in O. readae).

Description. Female. Body length 850-1019 (n=10). Head and mesosoma black (fresh

specimens) or very dark brown (faded specimens), petiole brownish yellow, metosoma

brown; radicle yellow, scape laterally and ventrally and pedicel apically brownish yellow,

flagellum brown; procoxa and tarsomeres 5 brown, meso- and metacoxa and all femora and

tibiae yellowish brown but yellowish at apices, trochanters and tarsomeres 1-4 yellow (Fig.

4).

Head. Head (Fig. 37) width 251-270 (n=5). Vertex (Fig. 59) without stemmaticum; mid

ocellus diameter 24, LOL about 2.0 greatest diameter of ocellus.

Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 74) with 2 mps on fl, and fl,, and 7 mps on clava. FI, slightly

the longest funicle segment. Fl —fl, length/width ratios (n=5): fl, 2.33-3.30, fl, 1.70-2.24,

fl, 1.60—2.04, fi, 1.55—2.02, fl, 1.42—1.82, fi, 1.39-1.51; clava 2.68-3.34x as long as wide,

and slightly shorter than fl—fl, together. Measurements (length/width): scape 169—182/

34-38, pedicel 59-61/31-35, fi, 49=51/16=20;nile 3540/1721 E4220 ea

35-39/21—23, fl, 40-42/23—24, fl, 3638/2426, fil, 48-51/29—34, fi, 4448/3240, clava

158—173/51—59. Total flagellum length 482-524. Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs. 117, 120)

with collar moderately wide and short but clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined

carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 96, 117, 120) very wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes

engraved; scutellar setae short, extending at most to slightly posterior to medially almost

straight frenal line; frenum about 0.7* mesoscutellum length and smooth medially, reticulate

laterally. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth. Propodeum (Fig. 136) smooth between

carinae; anterior margin with stub just lateral to lateral margin of metascutellum; median

areole separated from metascutellum by median carina; plica straight and not divided

anterodorsally, ending just anterior and medial to stub.

Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 155, 156) length 1010-1088, width 318-363 (n=5), length/width

3.00-—3.25, longest marginal setae 76-92, about 0.24 as long as greatest wing width (n=5).

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Marginal/stigmal vein 118-131, at least 0.51* submarginal vein length. Hind wing length

795-816, width 42-52, longest marginal setae 76-98. Metasoma. Petiole shorter than

metacoxa + metatrochanter. Gaster (Fig. 169, 177) with ovipositor 311—367 long (n=5),

1.03—1.08* metatibia length (323-359).

Male. Body length. 840-1126 (n=10). Antenna (Fig. 87). Measurements, length

(n=4): scape 141-146, pedicel 60-63, fl, 75—89, fl, 72—96, fl, 76-95, fl, 79-95, fl, 80-93, fl,

79-94, fl, 82-98, fl, 82-95, fl, 88-99, fl,, 87-108, fl,, 90-100. Total flagellar length 1049

1067. Fl, length/width 3.0-3.2, with 7 (8?) mps. Mid ocellus diameter 21. Genitalia very

wide for its entire length (Fig. 182, 194).

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Ooctonus silvensis has been collected mainly in

forested areas but also open field or ‘prairie’ type areas. Label data include mesic hardwood

forest, pine/oak savannah, hardwood forest/beaver swamp, meadow, upland deciduous

forest/field ecotone, ‘prairie’, hardwood forest and swamp.

Barcoding. Three of the ten specimens | identified as O. si/vensis or near O. silvensis based

on morphology yielded a barcode (CNCHYM07491, CNCHY M07496, CNCHYM 07498)

and seven did not (CNCH Y M07489, CNCH Y M07490, CNCH Y M07492, CNCHY M07493,

CNCHYM07494, CNCHY M07495 and CNCHY M07497). There was very little variation

between two barcodes (one from Florida and one from Missouri). The specimen from Guelph

with an almost complete barcode (Fig. 200: 0OOBBHY M-696) is intermediate between the

Florida and Missouri ones. On this basis I consider that all three specimens belong to O.

silvensis.

Material examined. 1269 and 46¢. CANADA. Ontario. 2 mi. SE. Innisville, 45°3'N

76°15'E, 12-19, 19-26.vi.1991, L. Masner, J. Denis, MT and YPT (22,, CNC); St. Lawrence

Islands National Park, Grenadier Island, Centre, 11.vi.1975, E. Sigler (19, CNC),

16.vi.1975, R.J. McMillan, CNCHYM07490 [barcode failed] (19, CNC), 27.vi.1979, G.

Gibson (12, CNC). Quebec. Mont Pinnacle near Frelighsburg, 20.vi.1991, M. Sharkey

(12, CNC); Pare de la Gatineau, 2 km W. chemin Pilon, 8-14.vii.1992, and 2 km E. chemin

Pilon, 26.v-2.vi.1992, CNC Hymenoptera Team, CNCHYM07489 [barcode failed] (2°,

CNC). USA. Colorado. 1563, C.F. Baker [no other data] (19, 1¢, USNM). Florida.

Alachua Co.: Gainesville, AEI, 3-12.x.1986, J. Allen (14, CNC), 20-27.xi.1986, 18-25.

Iv, 25.vi-3.vii. 1987 CNCHYM07492 [barcode failed], 20.xi.87-20.ii.1988, D.B. Wahl, FIT,

(10, 24, CNC), 1-7.xii CNCHYM07491, 21-31.xii.1986, 1-11.i, 12-20.i, 20-30.i, 15-22.

ii, 1-15.iii, 18-22.iii, 23-31.1987 W.R.M. Mason (1692, 34, CNC), 12-20.i.1987, L. Masner,

mesic hardwood forest, MT (39, 1¢, CNC), vi-vii, 3-17.vii.1987, CNC Hymenoptera Team

(22, CNC). Wakulla Co.: Apalachicola National Forest, 30°19.751'N 84°30.309'W, 13-

20.v1.2005, F. Ronquist, pine/oak savannah, MT (12, UCRC), hwy 65, post office bay,

30°03.565'N 84°59.057'W, 12-20.v.2005, S. Joshi, A. Deans, D. Murray, MT (14, UCRC).

Georgia. Clarke Co.: Athens, 25-30.iv.1987, beaver swamp (14, CNC), 1.x-23.xi.1987,

hardwood forest, beaver swamp (1d, CNC). Union Co.: Cooper’s Creek, WMA, 655m,

34°45'56"N 84°05'46"W, 15.v.2002, D. Yanega (14, UCRC). Illinois. Union Co.: Shawnee

National Forest, ca. 2 and 15 mi. S Murphysborough, roadside of route 127, 14.iv.2004, R.

Rakitov, meadow, vacuum (22, 14, UCRC). Maryland. Calvert Co.: Port Republic, viii-

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

ix.1986, M. Sharkey, MT (49, CNC); 4 mi. S. Prince Frederik, 16.iv-7.v.1987, L. Masner,

MT (32, 1¢, CNC), 7 km S. Prince Frederick, 24.ix-14.xi.1987, CNC Hymenoptera Team,

hardwood forest, MT, CNCHYM07493 [barcode failed] (19, CNC). Prince George's Co.:

Patuxent Research Station, 6-20.x.1980, M.E. Schauff, upland deciduous forest/open field

ecotone, MT (119, 1¢, USNM). Mississippi. Bolivar Co.: 19 km W. Boyle on hwy 446,

Dahomey Wildlife Reserve, 33°42'’N 90°56'W, 8-24.vil.1997, N.M. Schiff, MT (12, CNC).

Missouri. Wayne Co.: Williamsville, 21.x-11.x1.1987 CNCHYM07498, 111.1988, 1.xi-10.

xii. 1988, J.T. Becker, MT (172, 1¢, CNC). Ohio. Franklin Co.: Columbus, Kinnear Road

“prairie”, 1-16.1x, 2-10.x.2003, N.F. Johnson, MT (19, CNC). Oklahoma. Latimer Co.: Red

Oak environs, xi.1994, K. Stephan, FIT, CNCHY M07496 (62, 24, CNC). Texas. Kerr Co.:

Kerrville State Recreation Area, 1800’, 1.vii.1982, G. Gibson (14, CNC). Brazos Co.: Lick

Creek Park, 25.v.1989, G. Zolnerowich (14, CNC). Bastrop Co.: Bastrop State Park, 24-

27.v.1983, M. Kaulbars (19, 1¢, CNC). Robertson Co.: 8 mi. E. Hearne, 1-21.iv.1991, M.

Hallmark, MT (19, CNC). San Patricio Co.: Welder Wildlife Foundation Refuge, 4.x1i.1999,

hackberry forest and swamp, L. Masner, sweeping, CNCHYM07497 [barcode failed] (39,

44, CNC), 28°6'42""N 97°24'24"'W, 1 .ii-1.ii11.2004, S. Peck, MT (49, 44, UCRC). Virginia.

Fairfax Co.: near Annandale, 6-12.v, 20-26.v.1990, D.R. Smith, MT (29, USNM). Hardy

Co.: 3 mi. NE. Matthias, 38°55'N 78°49'W, 17.iv-3.v.2002, D.R. Smith, MT (12, CNC).

Louisa Co.: 4 mi. S. Cuckoo, 13-27.v.1987, 29.111-11.iv, 27.v-7.vi, 8-18.vi.1988, J. Kloke,

D.R. Smith (99, 42, USNM). Montgomery Co.: 8 km NW. Blacksburg, 1000m, 18-28.iv,

8.1v-9.v, 9-19.v, 29.v-9.v1 CNCHYM07494 and CNCHYM07495 [both barcodes failed],

9-19.vi, 19-30.vi, 29.1x-12.x, 8-25.1x, 12-24.x, 24.x-8.x1.1987, CNC Hymenoptera Team,

rural area, MT (199, 134, CNC).

Ooctonus triapitsyni Huber, sp. n.

(Figs: 255 38, 609755 12 123 1372 si alO))

Type material. Holotype ° (CNC), on slide (Fig. 25) labelled 1. “Canada: AB, Writing-on-

Stone, Prov. Park 13-18.vii.1990, D. McCorquodale, sage south”. 2. “Ooctonus triapitsyni

Huber Holotype ¥ dorsal”.

Paratypes. 362 and 16¢. CANADA. Alberta. Lethbridge, Agriculture Canada

Research Station, 9-15.vii.1980, G. Gibson, PT (12, 64, CNC); 16 mi. S. McGrath,

McIntyre Ranch, 27.vii-2.viii, 26.viii-9.ix.1990, D. Griffith, PT (89, 34, CNC); Tolman

Bridge Recreation Area, 17 km E. Trochu on hwy 585 near Red Deer River, 16-18.

vii.1989, J. O'Hara (12, 14, CNC); Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, 20-30.vii.1981,

D. McCorquodale, PT (19, CNC); 5 mi. W. Writing-on-Stone Provincial Park, Milk

River Valley, 15.vii.1980, G. Gibson, sweeping (12, CNC); 0.5 km E. Writing-on-Stone

Provincial Park, 5-13.vii, 30.viii-ix.1981, D. McCorquodale, PT (22, CNC). Ontario.

3.5 km E. Almonte, 25-29.v.1993, F.W. Grimm, MT & PT, alvar, F.W. Grimm (39, 10,

CNC). Quebec. Gatineau Park, Luskville Falls, top, 11.ix.1985, H. Goulet (29, 14, CNC);

Luskville Falls, 300m, 8-15.vii.1986, J. Denis, L. Dumouchel (29°, CNC). Saskatchewan.

Saskatoon Landing, 23.vi.1956, O. Peck (19, CNC). USA. Alaska. Fairbanks, Badger road

near North Pole, 18.vii.1985, H. Andersen (29, UCRC), University of Alaska campus,

19.vii.1985, H. Andersen, CNCHYM07523 [barcode failed] (32, 1¢, CNC). Arizona.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Cochise Co.: Huachucha Mts., Ash Canyon road, 0.5 mi. W. hwy 92, 5100’, viii and 1-11.

xi.1993, N. McFarland, MT, CNCHYMO07512 [barcode failed], CNCHYM07513 (6%,

24, UCRC); 12 mi. S. Sierra Vista, Ramsey Canyon, 1700m, 6-13.vii, 4-22.1x.1986, B.V.

Brown, MT, oak/juniper (29, CNC). Santa Cruz Co.: Sycamore Canyon, Harkt and Yank

Spring, 4200’, 7-8.vii.1982, G. Gibson, CNCHYM07409 [barcode failed] (1¢, CNC).

South Dakota. Charles Mix Co.: Pickstown, 26.vii.1985, J.D. Pinto (19, 14, CNC).

Derivation of specific epithet. The species is named after Serguei Triapitsyn, entomology

collection manager, University of California, Riverside, a good colleague who has published

many papers on Mymaridae.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus triapitsyni is distinguished from other Nearctic species by the

combination of 2 mps on fl,—fl,, (sometimes only | mps on fl,), uniform yellow leg colour,

ovipositor longer than metatibia length, and body length greater than about 1075.

Ooctonus triapitsyni is most similar to O. readae and O. notatus but differs from

the former by the uniform yellow legs (brownish in O. readae) and presence of one or two

mps on fl, (none in O. notatus). An occasional specimen appears to lack mps on f1,, as in O.

notatus, but O. triapitsyni has a longer body (at least 1075) compared to O. notatus (at most

1000).

Description. Female. Body length 1075—1331 (n=10). Head and mesosoma very dark

brown, metasoma brown; fl —fl, light brown to brown, remainder of flagellum dark brown;

petiole, legs except apical tarsomere, scape and pedicel uniform yellow.

Head. Head (Fig. 38) width (n=10) 305-352. Vertex (Fig. 60) without stemmaticum. Mid

ocellus diameter 19-24.

Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 75) with 2 mps on fl,, fl, and fl,,and 7 mps on clava, fl, with |

mps but occasionally (3 of 7 specimens measured) | and 2 mps on the same individual, and

exceptionally (1 of 10 specimens measured) with 2 mps on each antenna. FI. slightly longer

than the remaining funicle segments. Fl—fl, length/width ratios (n=5): fl, 2583.09, fi,

2.38-2.89, fl, 2.13—2.75, fi, 1.72-2.19, fl, 1.58—-2.07, fi, 1.45—1.81; clava 3.34-4.29x as long

as wide, and slightly shorter than fl,—fl, together. Measurements (length/width, n=10): scape

210-249/34 44, pedicel 62—75/32-A1, fl, 57-64/20—23, fl, 52-62/21—26, fl, 55—65/24-29,

fl, 42—-63/24—30, fl, 56—70/32—36, fl, 48-63/31—37, fl, 54—70/35—39, fl, 5163/3842, clava

200—236/53—S6. Total flagellum length 615-756. Mesosoma. Pronotum (Figs. 121, 123)

with collar moderately narrow and short but clearly visible in dorsal view, with well defined

carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 121, 123) wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes raised;

scutellar seta short, extending just posterior to medially straight frenal line; frenum about

(0.66 mesoscutellum length and entirely reticulate. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth.

Propodeum (Fig. 137) smooth between carinae and its anterior margin with a stub; median

areole separated from metascutellum by a very short to slightly longer median carina;

plica straight, with a very short bifurcation anteriorly (median arm slightly longer than

lateral arm), extending to apex of stub almost in line with or just lateral to lateral margin

of metascutellum. Wings. Fore wing (Figs. 155, 156) length 1097-1313, width 352-436,

length/width 2.82—3.24, longest marginal setae 25-50, about 0.06—0.13* as long as greatest

wing width (n=10). Marginal vein length 124-149. Hind wing (Figs. 155, 156) length

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

870-985, width 49-54, longest marginal setae 95-108. Metasoma. Petiole shorter than

metacoxa + metatrochantellus. Gaster (Fig. 170) with ovipositor length 548-634 (n=10),

1.16—1.40x as long as metatibia (408-479).

Male. Body length 998-1254 (n=5). Legs slightly darker yellow than in female,

scape and pedicel with brown especially dorsally, flagellum uniformly brown. Antennal

measurements, length (n=3): scape 188-192, pedicel 59-65, fl, 104-111, fl, 107-127, fl,

109-131, fl, 110-128, fl, 112-127, 1, 109-125, fi. NO7—125; fi; LOG=107, Ae Og igen

106-113, fl,, 110-117. Total flagellar length 1160-1329. FI, length/width 3.06—4.12 and

with 7 or 8 mps. Mid ocellus diameter 26-29.

Barcoding. One of the specimens (CNCHYM 07513) yielded barcodes so

nothing can be said about intraspecific variation based on DNA. The specimen is treated as

unassigned in Table 2; it may actually belong to O. arizonensis.

Hosts and habitat. Hosts are unknown. Specimens were collected in the boreal forest, and

in prairie (G. Gibson, personal communication).

Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday

(Figs. 5,39, 61, 76588; 122, 124.138; 158; 1711185; sl86)

Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday, 1833: 344; lectotype 2 in NMID (not examined), designated by

Hincks, 1952: 157. Type locality: likely England or Ireland. Synonyms and their

types treated by Triapitsyn (2010).

Ooctonus vulgatus Haliday: Foerster, 1847: 197, 200 (mouthparts, description); Ratzeburg,

1848: Plate 3, Fig. 27 (fore wing, male antenna); Schmiedeknecht, 1909: 490

(catalogue); Kloet and Hincks, 1945: 305 (checklist, Britain); Kryger, 1950: 78

(list); Bouéek and Graham, 1978: 109 (checklist, Great Britain); Trjapitzin, 1978:

524 (taxonomy, European distribution); Viggiani and Jesu, 1988: 1023 (doubtful

host record); Kalina,1989: 127 (checklist, Czechoslovakia); Hansson, 1991: 49

(Sweden checklist); Triapitsyn 2010: 54 (redescription, literature, synonyms,

misidentifications), 56 (records from Canada and USA); Huber et al. 2010: 231

(New Zealand records).

Ooctonus americanus Girault 1916a: 69; Girault, A.A. 1929: 21 (key); Whittaker, 1931: 192

(key); Peck, 1951: 410 (catalogue); Weaver and King, 1954: 17 (host, parasitism

rate); Burks, 1958: 62 (reference correction); Peck, 1963: 18 (catalogue); Burks,

1967: 213 (catalogue, host); Burks, 1979: 1027 (catalogue, host); Triapitsyn 2010:

54 (synonymy).

Ooctonus askhamensis Hincks, 1952: 156; Kalina, 1989: 127 (checklist, Czechoslovakia).

Ooctonus auripes Whittaker, 1931: 190; Peck, 1951: 410 (catalogue); Burks, 1979: 1027

(catalogue); Triapitsyn, 2010: 28 (synonymy under nofatus). Syn. nov.

Ooctonus sp.: Triapitsyn 2010: 54 (species identification, New Zealand records); Huber et

al., 2010: 231 (New Zealand records).

Type material. Ooctonus americanus. Holotype ° in USNM (examined), on slide labeled:

1. “Ooctonus americanus. Girault 9 type.”. 2. [red label] “19353.”. The holotype is

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

in poor condition, crushed and partly broken up (Fig. 16) together with a specimen

of Gonatocerus (Lymaenon) under one cracked cover slip.

Ooctonus auripes. Lectotype ° (BMNH, examined), here designated to avoid ambiguity

about the status of the one specimens of this species, on card His 1. “Lectotype

[purple edged circle]”. 2. “Type [red rectangular label]”. 3. “Chilliwack, B.C.

1553826. Goll.O:W.? 4" one O. Whittaker Coll. per W. r Storey. B.M. 1947

- 212.”. 5. “Ooctonus auripes Whitt. 9 Det. O. Whittaker”. 6. “B.M. Type Hym.

5.2319”. Type mounted (Fig. 11) on said with wings, legs, ms antennae (in dorsal

view) spread out but metasoma missing.

Triapitsyn (2010: 28) synonymized O. auripes under O. notatus, based on

examination of the paralectotype. The lectotype (Fig. 11) is a different species that matches

O. vulgatus. Ooctonus auripes is therefore placed here in synonymy under O. vulgatus

instead.

Diagnosis. Ooctonus vulgatus is distinguished from other Ooctonus species by the single

row of bullae inside the female clava (Fig. 76). Otherwise, it is similar to O. notatus, O.

silvensis, and O. readae in size but differs by antennal proportions, mps distribution, ocelli

size, frenum sculpture, marginal vein length, and propodeal carinae pattern.

Description. Female. Body length 691—1075 (n=10). Head and mesosoma almost black

(fresh specimens) or very dark brown (faded specimens), petiole brownish yellow, metasoma

dark to light (almost yellowish) brown; radicle yellow, scape laterally and ventrally and

pedicel apically brownish yellow, flagellum brown; legs almost entirely brown to entirely

yellow except apical tarsomere of each leg. Head. Head width 245-290 (n=5). Vertex

without stemmaticum; mid ocellus minute, diameter about 16. LOL at least 4= greatest

diameter of mid ocellus. Antenna. Flagellum (Fig. 76) with 2 mps on fl, and on fl,,and 7 mps

on clava. Fl, slightly the longest funicle segment. Fl —fl, length/width ratios (n=5): fl, 3.05—

4.42, fl, 2.69-4.08, HEE OS—21695 fh 152-22 il. 137 1.80, fi, 1.35—-1.64; clave. 3.5x

as long. as wide, and about as long as fl,—fl, together, with a anal row of about 6 abutting

spherical bullae internally along ventral margin. Measurements (length/width, n=5): scape

161-186/23—30; pedicel 51—61/29—33, fl, 50—59/12-17, fl, 45—58/14—17, fl, 41-53/18—23,

iy 30-37/16-20; fl, 30—36/18—23, fi, 29— 36/21 = 23H 42— 50/25-30, fl, 41-45/28- 30, clava

M4 132/36—46. Total flagellum length 422-506. Mecosurm Bonen (Figs. 122, 124)

with collar moderately wide and short but clearly visible in dorsal view, with well feared

carina. Mesonotum (Figs. 122, 124) very wide; midlobe of mesoscutum with meshes raised;

scutellar seta short, extending at most slightly posterior to medially almost straight frenal

line; frenum about 0.7* mesoscutellum length and apparently smooth medially (at most very

faintly reticulate), reticulate laterally. Metanotum with metascutellum smooth. Propodeum

(Fig. 138) smooth between carinae; anterior margin with stub slightly lateral to lateral

margin of metascutellum; median areole abutting metascutellum, the median carina absent

and replaced by the two carinae forming inner margin of dorsolateral areoles; plica almost

straight and not divided anterodorsally, ending just anterior and medial to stub. Wings. Fore

wing (Fig. 158) length 862-1049, width 266-375 (n=5), length/width 2.69-3.26, longest

marginal setae 49-77, about 0.19 as long as greatest wing width. Marginal /stigmal vein

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

80-94, at most 0.48 submarginal length. Hind wing length 668-802, width 35—49, longest

marginal setae about 2.26* greatest wing width. Metasoma. Petiole shorter than metacoxa.

Gaster (Fig. 171) with ovipositor 368-464 long (n=5), 1.14—-1.27< as long as metatibia

(357-403).

Male. Body length. 794-1152 (n=3). Antenna (Fig. 88). Measurements, length

(n=3): scape 153-159, pedicel 58-63, fl, 69-72, fl} 87-103, fi, 87-103) fl, 19=947 ieee

106, fl, 85-103, fl, 86-99, fl, 86-94, fl, 90-93, fl, 85-88, fl,, 86-87. Total flagellar length

918-1050. Fl, length/width 3.50-4.40, with 5(6?) mps. Mid ocellus diameter 24. Genitalia

fairly wide for most of its length (Fig. 185, 186).

Barcoding. Four ofthe five specimens yielded barcodes (CNCH Y M07484, CNCHY M07485,

CNCHY M07487, and CNCHY MO07488) and one did not (CNCHYM07486). The variation

among the specimens was not uniform and the sequences were of low or medium quality

except for CNCHYM07485. The two specimens from Virginia varied more between them

than each did to the single specimens from Ontario and British Columbia.

Hosts and habitat. The only known host is Philaenus spumarius (L.) [= P. leucophthalmus

(L.)| (Cercopoidea). Weaver and King (1954) collected 304 host eggs in 1951 and obtained

21 individuals of O. vulgatus (named as O. americanus), a parasitism rate of 6.9%. In 1952

they collected 1084 eggs, 10.7% of which showed evidence of parasitism but parasitoids

did not emerge from all these. The authors concluded that 10% parasitism rate is therefore

too high an estimate. Specimens have been collected in a weedy garden, urban lot, mixed

grass prairie, rocky knoll with intact Manzanita/Arbutus, hardwood/deciduous forest, sugar

bush [maple forest], old field, ocean side vegetation, ex soil. Presumably, O. vul/gatus occurs

wherever its host occurs. It has been intercepted on thyme cuttings from France.

Distribution. Palaearctic Region (Triapitsyn 2010), New Zealand (Triapitsyn 2010, Huber

2010, as an unintentional introduction), Nearctic Region (Triapitsyn 2010, and additional

records below).

Material examined. 3239 and 7¢. CANADA. Alberta. 0.5 km E Writing-on-Stone

Provincial Park, 8-17.ix.1981, D. McCorquodale (1°, CNC). British Columbia. Burnaby,

Simon Frazer University, 26.xii.1979-2.1.1980, D. Gillespie, PT (52, CNC); Burnaby

Mountain, 6.x-12.xi.1979, 7-21.iii, 21.iii-3.iv.1980, D. Gillespie, YPT (249, CNC); Queen

Charlotte Islands, Graham I., Masset, 9-13.vii.1983, I.M.Smith (19, CNC); Shushwap

Lake, Blind Bay, 15-31.viii.1986, 11-21.vii.1987, C.A. Elsey, MT (22, CNC); Sorrento,

17-20.vii.1991, H. Goulet, weedy garden, YPT (12, CNC); Upper Carmanah Valley, 12-

27.viii, 28.viii-9.ix, 10-29.ix, 17-26.x.1991, N. Winchester, MT (82, 33, CFS-Victoria);

Victoria vicinity, 48°32’N 123°30'W, 248m, 4-18.i1x.2005, N. Winchester, rocky knoll, intact

Manzanita/Arbutus, CNCHY M07485 (32, CNC). Nova Scotia. Bridgetown, 26.vil, 8.viii,

16.vili, 4.1x, 16.1x, 23.ix, 1.x.1913, G.E. Saunders (129, USNM). Ontario. Alfred Bog,

13.vii. 1981, L. LeSage (19, CNC); Ancaster, 4-11.vi.1994, B. DeJonge, prairie remnant,

CNCHY M07484 (12, CNC); near Ancaster, 43°15'N 80°00'W, 29.1x-27.v.1995, B. DeJonge,

bush/prairie, MT (12, CNC), Newton Woods, 20-31.v.1996, B. DeJonge, forest, MT (19,

CNC); 15 km SW. Chaffey’s Locks, 28.v.1987, C. Yoshimoto, C. Hayward, sweeping,

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

CNCHYM07486 [barcode failed] (49, CNC); Chatham, emerged xii.1956 ex Philaenus

leucophthalmus, H.B. Wressell, G.R. Driscoll (79 on 2 slides, CNC); Chatterton, 13 mi.

N. Belleville, 20 and 30.v.1962, 1.x.1970, C.D. Dondale, meadow (3%, CNC); Guelph,

University of Guelph arboretum, 43° 32'N 80° 13’W, 14.v, 12-32.v, 24-31.v, 5.vi, 2006, L.

Coote (92, UCRC); Hamilton, 15.v.1981, M. Sanborne, MT (22°, CNC); Joker’s Hill (near

Newmarket), hwy 9 between Dufferin & Bathhurst Streets, 1-9.vi.2002, A. Bennett, sugar

bush, MT (12, CNC); London, Fanshawe Experimental Farm, 5.ix-2.x.1981, 5.xi.1982, A.

Tomlin (22, 1¢, CNC); Middleville, White Lake road, 13.v.1986, H. Goulet, S. Peck, car

net (12, CNC); Milton, 2.vi.1978, J.M. Heraty, YPT (19, CNC); Point Pelee National Park,

3.x.1984, A. Borkent (19, CNC). USA. Arkansas. Montgomery Co.: Ouachita National

Forest, 270m, 34° 33'N 94°37'W, 3-4.vi.2003, R. Kula, M. Yoder (1°, UCRC). California.

Marin Co.: Lily Pond, Alpine Lake, 1500’, D.D. Munroe, 4-10.v.1971 (12, 1¢, CNC). San

Bernardino Co.: 5 mi. E. Wrightwood, Summit Valley, 21.v.1981, M.E. Schauff, sweeping

(12, USNM). Stanislaus Co.: Oakdale, 37°46'57"N 120°46'59”"W, 30.iv.2007, rural yard,

R. Shurtz, S. Fullerton (22, UCFC). Kansas. Riley Co.: Konza Prairie Biological Station,

Watershed 2C, 39°04.254'N 96°33.639'W, 26.vi-3.viil.2006, G. Zolnerowich, Metlevski,

MT (12, USNM). Maryland. Calvert Co.: American Chestnut Land Trust, Warrior’s Rest

Sanctuary, 38°31'54.37"N 76°32'35.71"W, 14.ix.2007, M. Gates, R. Kula (12, USNM);

Port Republic, viii-ix.1986, M. Sharkey, MT (12, CNC); 4 mi. S. Prince Frederick, 16.iv-

7.v, 24.ix-14.xi.1987, L. Masner, hardwood forest, MT, FIT (122, CNC). Howard Co.:

Clarksville, 8.xi.1986, A. Denno, E. Grissell, MT (12, USNM). Montgomery Co.: 4 mi.

SW. Ashton, 5.v.1985, G.F. and J.F. Hevel (12, USNM), Silver Springs, 11-2.vii.1980,

E.E. Grissell (12, UCRC). Prince George's Co.: Beltsville Agriculture Research Center,

18.viii.1983, M.E. Schauff, sweeping old field (12, USNM); Laurel, Patuxent Wildlife

Research Center, 16-25.v, 25.v-1.vi.1979, M.E. Schauff (32, USNM). New Jersey.

Sussex Co.: 17.1.1962, L.D. Parker, ex meadow spittlebug (59 on one slide, USNM). New

York. Tompkins Co.: McLean, McClean Bog, 736’, 42°32.687'N 76°15.995'W, 26.v.2007,

E.F. Drake, YPT on leaf duff (12, UCRC). Ohio. Cuyahoga Co.: Cleveland, urban lot,

41°27'49.84""N 81°36'43.14",W, K. Freeman, YPT (12, CLEV); Hunting Valley, Luce Creek

Preserve, 15-26.v.2003, T. Pucci (12, CLEV). Fairfield Co.: Barnebey Center, 39°36’N

82°37'W, 28.iv-6.v.1993, N. Johnson, MT (62, CNC). Warren Co.: 4.2 km SSE Donaldson,

Rock Run, 540m, 41°37'41"N 78°59'11"W, 12.v.1994, M. Ricke (12, ICCM). Wayne Co.:

Wooster, 28.iv.1952, ex meadow spittlebug, C.R. Weaver (5% on one slide, USNM); same

locality, [no month] 1951, ex spittlebug eggs, R.C. Weaver (2°, on one slide USNM), [no

specific locality], x.1950, ex spittlebug egg, C.R. Weaver (12 on point, USNM). Oregon.

Baker Co.: 18.vii.1981, R.E. Orth (12, CNC). Jackson Co.: 10.5 mi. E. Ashland, road to

Howard Prairie Lake, 42.2404°N 122.5263°W, 4.v.2005, R. Rakitov, vacuum (19, UCRC).

Lincoln Co.: 2 mi. S. Newport, South Beach State Park, 23.viii.1984, M.E. Schauff, P.

Hanson, sweeping ocean side vegetation (59, USNM). Pennsylvania. Cambia Co.: 3 km

N. Wilmore, 650m, 30.v.1991, L. Masner, sweeping (12, CNC). Dauphin Co.: Harrisburg,

2301 Cameron Street, emerged from soil under Andorra juniper, soil collected 21.11, adult

emerged 28.11.1975, J. Steinhauer (12, USNM). Warren Co.: Weldbank, 41°45.749'N

79°5.752'W, 29.v.2007, E.F. Drake, YPT (19, UCRC). Virginia. Clarke Co.: 2 mi. S. Boyce,

University of Virginia, Blandy Experimental Farm, 19-30.iv, 6-18.iv, 24-30.iv, 1-13.v, 14-

24.v, 28.viii-11.ix.1990, D.R. Smith, MT (629, 14, USNM). Fairfax Co.: near Annandale,

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

4.1v.1986, 22-28.iv, 24-30.iv.1988, 29.iv-5.v, 6-12.v, 1-13.v, 13-19.v, 27.v-2.vi, 26.viii-1.

ix.1990 (392, USNM); Turkey Run Park, 38°57.9'N 77°09.4'W, 29.iv.2010, J. Huber, H.

Goulet, deciduous forest, sweeping (29, 14, CNC). Hardy Co.: 3 mi. NE. Mathias, 38°55/N

78°49'W, 15-30.v.2001, 17.1v-3.v.2002, D.R. Smith, MT, CNCHYM07487 (82, CNC);

Montgomery Co.: 8 km NW. Blacksburg, 1000m, 8.iv-9.v, 18-28.iv, 9-19.v.1987, rural

area, CNC Hymenoptera team, MT (259, CNC); Page Co.: Shenandoah National Park,

Big Meadow, 18-28.iv, 17.1v-5.v, 5-22.v, 5.v-5.vi.1987, 1300m, CNC Hymenoptera team,

CNCHYM07488 (242, CNC), Compton Dry Run, 15-16.iv.1995, L. Masner, YPT (19,

CNC), Compton Gap, 800m, 17.iv-5.v.1987, CNC Hymenoptera team, MT (89, CNC).

Washington. Pacific Co.: 6 mi. N. Raymond, 19.vii.1988, J.D. Pinto (14, CNC).

FRANCE. Intercepted on thyme cuttings, New York port of entry, 19.x.1951, L.J. Uttal,

(12, USNM) [det. as O. heterotomus by B.D.Burks [= O. notatus] and O. ?vulgatus by S.NV.

Triapitsyn].

Unassigned specimens. About 90 additional specimens, mostly males but also a few females,

either cannot be identified or may represent additional species. If the females represent

new species more material is needed to describe them properly. Five barcoded specimens

are unplaced to species. One female from Ontario, Ancaster, 12-19.1x.1994, B. DeJonge,

meadow prairie CNCHY M075 14, which was initially identified as O. /ongipetiolus is very

likely not this species because of a difference of 12 base pairs (Fig. 200). Other specimens

from the same locality are treated as O. /ongipetiolus but with slight reservations because the

groove on the mesoscutum and the petiole are somewhat shorter. Two males from Alberta,

Beaverlodge area, Saskatoon Mt., 962m, 55°13.20’N 119°16.92'W, 25.vii. 2.vili.2007, J.

Otani, natural meadow, sweeping, CNCHYM07480, CNCHYM07522 appear to be closest

to O. notatus but differ by about 14 base pairs. Until females can be associated with them they

cannot be described. Two specimens from Mexico (CNCHYM07520, CNCHYM07521)

differ from species north of Mexico and will be described elsewhere.

Discussion

The following European material was examined: 141 O. notatus, 92 O. hemipterus,

66 O. vulgatus, 59 O. insignis, 5 O. sublaevis, and 4 O. novickyi Soyka [CNC, NMPC]. The

first three of these species occur in North America, perhaps not surprisingly because they

are the three most common and widespread European Ooctonus species. They appear to

occur mainly in open, man-made habitats and the host of one, O. vu/gatus, is a widespread

European introduction in North America, occurring mainly in agricultural habitats. Likely,

all are accidental introductions, not naturally Holarctic species. The last three species have

not been found in North America. Ooctonus insignis, the largest European Ooctonus, might

also have been expected to occur there as an accidental introduction because it is almost as

common (based on collected material seen) as O. vulgatus but so far I have not seen North

American specimens. The two remaining European species do not occur in North America.

This is not surprising because they appear to be rare in Europe so the possibility of accidental

human transport is small. So far none of the eastern Palearctic or Oriental species have

been found in North America. However, the eastern Palaearctic species O. orientalis Doutt

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

resembles O. canadensis, and O. spartak Triapitsyn resembles O. occidentalis, suggesting a

closer association of some western North American Oocfonus to eastern Asian species than

to eastern North American and European species.

Males are very difficult or impossible to identify confidently based on morphology.

It was hoped that barcoding would help associate males with females. If all 64 specimens

submitted for barcoding at the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario had yielded barcodes

of reasonable length (at least 200 base pairs) it is likely that the males would have been

associated correctly with corresponding females. But only 33 of 64 (52%) specimens

yielded such barcodes. An additional specimen barcoded by Guelph (O9BBHY M696) is

included in the Neighbour-joining tree (Fig. 200); it is a specimen of O. silvensis. Bar

codes corresponded to the species identities based on morphological characters, and helped

to correct identification errors based on morphology. In one case, the series of three male

specimens successfully barcoded contained two specimens of O. occidentalis (correctly

identified, based on morphology) and one of O. canadensis (initially misidentified as O.

occidentalis). In the second case, a male of O. notatus was misidentified as a male of O.

boltei but their bar codes were identical so they are clearly the same species and I assigned

them to O. notatus. In the third case, a barcode divergence of 4% suggested two species

within O. longipetiolus.

No barcodes were obtained for two males that I could not place to species based

on morphology or by association with females. One male (CNC) with the same collection

data as a specimen of O. hemipterus, namely, Cantwell, Denali hwy, route 8, mi. 85-130,

24.vi1.1984, S. & J. Peck, taiga-tundra, car netting, CNCHYM07524 [barcode failed]

is clearly not O. hemipterus based on morphology. And one male (CNC) from Alberta,

Edmonton, 22.viti.1984, T.G. Spanton, CNCHYM07526 [barcode failed] also cannot be

identified to species.

On the basis of morphology and/or barcodes more species of Ooctonus occur in

North America north of Mexico than are treated here. Much more material is needed to be

able to describe them meaningfully.

Acknowledgements ©

I thank the curators and institutions listed in Methods for lending me specimens,

including primary types, for study. Molecular analyses were performed at the Canadian

Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, and funded by the

Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute

(2008-OGI-ICI-03). I especially thank J. Fernandez-Triana and A. Bennett (CNC, Ottawa)

for extracting the barcoding information on the BOLD website to produce Fig. 200 and

helping to interpret it for me. I. Miko, Pennsylvania State University, State College,

Pennsylvania, provided the HAO numbers for Table 2. Finally, J. Read produced the superb

digital images and compiled them into plates, proof read the ms, and provided invaluable

general assistance.

Huber nuloy © JESO Volume 143, 2012

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Mexico 1. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1198 pp.

Dalla Torre, C.G. de. 1898. Subfam. Mymarinae. Pp. 422-431 in Catalogus hymenopterorum

hucusque descriptorum systematicus et synonymicus. Vol. 5: Chalcididae et

Proctotrupidae. Lipsiae [Leipzig]: Guilelmi Engelmann. 598 pp.

Doutt, R. L. 1961. The hymenopterous egg parasites of some Japanese leafhoppers. Acta

Hymenopterologica 1(3): 305-314.

Dupo, A. L. B. and Barrion, A. T. 2009. Taxonomy and general biology of delphacid

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systems in Asia. Los Bafios (Philippines): International Rice Research Institute.

460 pp.

Ewan, H. G. 1961. The Saratoga spittlebug. A destructive pest in red pine plantations. United

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Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Ottawa: NRC Research Press. 794 pp.

Gibson, G. A. P. 2004. A new species of Oozetetes De Santis (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea:

Eupelmidae) attacking oothecae of Myctibora acaciana Roth (Orthoptera:

Blatellidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 13: 13-23.

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Revision of the genus Oocfonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Girault, A. A. 1916b. New miscellaneous chalcidoid Hymenoptera with notes on described

species. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 9: 291-308.

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29(2). 135 pp.

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Saratoga spittlebug. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 40: 217-

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Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Nault, L. R. 1989. Leafhopper and planthopper transmission of plant viruses. Annual Review

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Laboratorio di Entomologia Agraria “Filippo Silvestri” 45: 141-148.

Viggiani, G. and Jesu, R. 1988. Considerazioni sui mimaridi italiani ed 1 loro ospiti (1).

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33. 60 pp.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

Walker, F. 1846. Descriptions of the Mymaridae (and Errata and Addenda.viii). Annals and

Magazine of Natural History 18: 49-54.

Weaver, C. R. and King, D. R. 1954. Meadow spittlebug Philanenus leucophthalmus (L.).

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Wilson, L. F. 1978. Saratoga spittlebug. United States Forest Service, Forest Insect &

Disease Leaflet 3. 4 pp.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

TABLE |. Abbreviations used in the figures descriptions. Codes in parentheses are entries in

the Hymenoptera Anatomy Ontology project website (HAO) [accessed 12 October, 2012],

where applicable. Entries can be accessed using the structure http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/

HAO XXXXXXX, where XXXXXXX is the HAO ID number.

Body (Figs. 6—8, 195-199)

ac acropleuron (HAO 0001155)

as anterior scutellum (HAO 0001167)

ax axilla (HAO 0000155)

axe axillar carina (HAO 0000156)

axl axillula (HAO 0000160)

axls_ axillular sulcus/carina (HAO 0001159)

brfl basal ring of femur ( = trochantellus) (HAO 0001033)

clm collum (= neck) (HAO 0000837)

clr collar (HAO 0000832)

cos costula (HAO 0000486)

cxl procoxa (HAO_0001122)

cx2 mesocoxa (HAO_0000635)

cx3 metacoxa (HAO_ 0000587)

del prodiscrimen (HAO 0000823)

dc2 mesodiscrimen (HAO 0000545)

dor = no3m dorsellum (= metascutellum or mid panel of metanotum) (HAO 0000625)

epm2 mesepimeron (HAO_ 0000539)

eps2 mesepisternum (HAO_0000541)

fin funicle segment (females) or flagellomere (males) (HAO_ 0000342)

fmd femoral depression (HAO 0000326)

fr frenum (= posterior scutellum) (HAO_0000355)

fra frenal arm (HAO_ 0001903)

frl frenal line (HAO 0000354)

fu2p mesofurcal pit (HAO 0000549)

gsn gastral sternum (HAO 0002023)

gtn gastral tergum (HAO _ 0002024)

Ilm lateral lobe of mesoscutum (HAO 0000466)

LOL least ocellar length (Fig. 52) (HAO_0000480)

Ipa lateral panel of axilla (HAO 0000468)

mlm midlobe of mesoscutum (HAO 0000520)

mps multiporous plate sensilla (= longitudinal sensilla, of authors) (Fig. 76) (HAO_0001936)

mtp metatrochantinal plate (HAO_ 0000588)

not notaulus (HAO 0000647)

nol pronotum (HAO_ 0000853)

noll lateral panel of pronotum (HAO_ 0002025)

nolm midlobe of pronotum

no2 mesonotum (HAO 0000556)

no3 metanotum (HAO 0000603)

no31 lateral panel of metanotum (HAO 0000600)

no3m = dor mid panel of metanotum (= metascutellum = dorsellum) (HAO 0000625)

od mid ocellar diameter (Fig. 53) (HAO_0002027)

Revision of the genus Oocfonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

TABLE | continued...

OOL ocular-ocellar length (Fig. 52) (HAO_0000662)

ovip ovipositor (HAO 0000679)

pea pronotal carina (HAO_0001031)

pd propodeum (HAO_0001248)

phl phallobase (HAO_0000713)

ple plica (HAO_0000735)

pls mesopleural suture (HAO_0001706)

pll_ propleuron (HAO 0000862)

pl2 mesopleuron (HAO_0000566)

pl3_ metapleuron (HAO_0001272)

POL postocellar length (Fig. 52) (HAO 0000759)

pre prepectus (HAO_0000811)

prs propodeal stub

psp propodeal spiracle (HAO_0000329)

ptl petiole (HAO 0000020)

sc mesoscutum (= mlm + Ilm) (HAO_ 0001490)

scl mesoscutellum (HAO 0000574)

stl prosternum (HAO 0000873)

st2 mesopleurosternum (HAO_0001710)

tg tegula (HAO 0000993)

trl protrochanter (HAO 0001123)

tr2 mesotrochanter (HAO_0001130)

tr3. metatrochanter (HAO_0001139)

tsa transscutal articulation (HAO 0001204)

tss transepisternal suture (HAO_0001205)

Fore wing (Figs. 9, 10)

av anal vein (HAO_0000093)

ax 3rd axillary sclerite (HAO 0001009)

be basal cell

bf basal fold

ca claval area (clavus) [(vannal area of Gibson (2004)]

ef claval fold/claval flexion line

ce costal cell

cusl cubital line of setae

dm distal macrochaeta

ff frenal fold [subcubital fold of Gibson (2004)]

hp! humeral plate (HAO 0000403)

hy hypochaeta

pm proximal macrochaeta

ps! placoid sensilla

pst parastigma

smyv submarginal vein

stv stigmal vein

JESO Volume 143, 2012

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 1-5. Ooctonus females, lateral habitus. 1, hemipterus, short winged specimen; 2,

readae; 3, quadricarinatus; 4, silvensis; 5, vulgatus. Scale bars are 1000 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 6, 7. Ooctonus spp., scanning electron micrographs (SEM). 6, guadricarinatus

mesosoma, coxae, and petiole, lateral; 7, guadricarinatus, mesosoma, dorsal. See Table |

for terms.

Huber JE SO Volume 143, 2012

median

metascutellum carina

dorsellun ; :

cae Jail Big 2 4 plica

ns (dorsal

propodeal | portion)

seta 3 —.

dorso-

, - lateral

dorsal Za —- Ee . areole

submedian we ae Z

carina : _ a | ae plica

(ventral

metapleuron =r \ of - ea portion)

ventral i y ig median

submedian a jit areole

carina 4 ¥ ha

ventro-

lateral

areole

FIGURES 8-10. Ooctonus spp. 8, readae, propodeum, dorsal, SEM; 9, longipetiolus, fore

wing base, dorsal, SEM; 10, readae, fore wing base, transmitted light. See Table | for

terms.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 11-14. Ooctonus spp., lectotoypes. 11, auripes; 12, canadensis; 13, fuscipes; 14,

occidentalis. Scale bars are 1000 tm.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 15-17. Ooctonus spp., primary types. 15, americanus, holotype; 16, si/vensis,

holotype; 17, guadricarinatus, lectotype. Scale bars are 1000 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

ongipeti clus P

Huber

CANAPA:ON DB

Buckhawm Bay

es.49 xs/N

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FIGURES 18-25. Ooctonus spp., primary type slides. 18, americanus; 19, arizonensis; 20,

boltei; 21, longipetiolus; 22, quadricarinatus; 23, readae; 24, silvensis; 25, triapitsyni.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 26-31. Ooctonus females, head, anterior view. 26, aphrophorae; 27, arizonensis;

28, boltei, holotype; 29, canadensis; 30, fuscipes; 31, hemipterus. Scale bars are 100 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 32-37. Ooctonus females, head, anterior view. 32, /ongipetiolus, holotype; 33,

notatus; 34, occidentalis; 35, quadricarinatus; 36, readae; 37, silvensis. Scale bars are 100

um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 38, 39. Ooctonus females, heads, anterior view. 38, triapitsyni; 39, vulgatus.

Scale bars are 100 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 40-45. Ooctonus females (except as noted), heads, dorsal view. 40, arizonensis,

holotype; 41, canadensis, male; 42, fuscipes, male; 43, hemipterus; 44, notatus; 45,

occidentalis. Scale bars are 100 um.

Huber Lie OL = JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 46-51. Ooctonus females (except as noted), head, dorsal view, SEM. 46,

aphrophorae; 47, aphrophorae, male; 48, arizonensis, male; 49, boltei; 50, canadensis,

male; 51, fuscipes. Scale bars are 100 um.

FIGURES 52-57. Ooctonus females (except as noted), head, dorsal view, SEM. 52,

hemipterus; 53, longipetiolus, male; 54, notatus; 55, notatus, male; 56, occidentalis, male;

57, quadricarinatus, male. Scale bars are 100 um.

Huber : JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 58-62. Ooctonus females, head, dorsal view, SEM (except Fig. 62). 58, readae;

59, silvensis; 60, triapitsyni; 61, vulgatus; 62, hemipterus, lateral view, transmitted light.

Scale bars are 100 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 63-69. Ooctonus females, antenna, lateral view. 63, aphrophorae, 64,

arizonensis, holotype; 65, boltei, holotype; 66, canadensis; 67, fuscipes, 68, hemipterus;

69, longipetiolus, holotype. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 70-76. Ooctonus females, antenna, lateral view. 70, notatus; 71, occidentalis;

72, quadricarinatus; 73, readae; 74, silvensis; 75, triapitsyni;, 76, vulgatus (inset is fl, +

clava, showing row of six bullae). Scale bars are 200 um; inset is 100 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

= Pa,

FIGURES 77-82. Ooctonus males, antenna, lateral view. 77, aphrophorae; 78, arizonensis;

79, canadensis; 80, fuscipes; 81, hemipterus; 82, longipetiolus. Scale bars are 500 tm.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 83-88. Ooctonus males, antenna, lateral view. 83, notatus; 84, occidentalis; 85,

quadricarinatus, lectotype; 86, readae; 87, silvensis; 88, vulgatus. Scale bars are 500 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 89-96. Ooctonus females (except as noted), mesosoma, lateral view. 89,

aphrophorae, male; 90, arizonensis, male; 91, fuscipes, male; 92, hemipterus; 93,

longipetiolus; 94, readae; 95, quadricarinatus; 96, silvensis. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 97-99. Ooctonus females, mesosoma, dorsal view. 97, aphrophorae; 98,

arizonensis, holotype; 99, boltei, holotype. Scale bars are 200 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 100-102. Ooctonus females (except as noted), mesosoma, dorsal view, SEM.

100, aphrophorae, male; 101, arizonensis; 102, boltei. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 103-105. Ooctonus females, mesosoma, dorsal view. 103, canadensis; 104,

fuscipes; 105, hemipterus. Scale bars are 200 um.

Revision of the genus Oocfonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 106-108. Ooctonus females (except as noted), mesosoma, dorsal view, SEM.

106, canadensis, male; 107, fuscipes; 108, hemipterus. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 109-111. Ooctonus females, mesosoma, dorsal view. 109, /ongipetiolus,

holotype; 110, notatus; 111, occidentalis. Scale bars are 200 wm.

FIGURES 112-114. Ooctonus females (except as noted), mesosoma, dorsal view, SEM.

112, longipetiolus, male; 113, notatus; 114, occidentalis, male. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 115-117. Ooctonus females, mesosoma, dorsal view. 115, guadricarinatus; 116,

readae, holotype; 117, silvensis. Scale bars are 200 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 118-120. Ooctonus females (except as noted), mesosoma, dorsal view, SEM.

118, quadricarinatus, male; 119, readae, holotype; 120, silvensis. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 121, 122. Ooctonus females, mesosoma, dorsal view. 121, triapitsyni; 122,

vulgatus. Scale bars are 200 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 123, 124. Ooctonus females, mesosoma, dorsal view, SEM. 123, triapitsyni; 124,

vulgatus. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber —_ JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 125-130. Ooctonus females (except as noted), posterior part of frenum to

propodeum, dorsal view, SEM. 125, aphrophorae; 126, arizonensis; 127, boltei; 128,

canadensis, male; 129, fuscipes; 130, hemipterus. Scale bars are 50 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

_JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 131-136. Ooctonus females (except as noted), posterior part of frenum to

propodeum, dorsal view, SEM. 131, /ongipetiolus, male; 132, notatus; 133, occidentalis,

male; 134, guadricarinatus, male; 135, readae; 136, silvensis. Scale bars are 50 um.

Huber iy JESO Volume 143, 2012

' anterior

~ scutellum

fenestra

t,t, muscle scutellar

fenestra

frenum

FIGURES 137-140. Ooctonus females; 137 and 138, posterior part of frenum to propodeum,

dorsal view, SEM. 137, triapitsyni; 138, vulgatus. 139, dorsum of mesonotum, inside view,

SEM. 140, quadricarinatus, scutellum (slightly below surface), transmitted light. Scale bars

are 50 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

; eee

WAAL 149 Fy mee fill 150

FIGURES 141-150. Ooctonus females (except as noted), wings. 141, aphrophorae; 142,

arizonensis, holotype; 143, boltei, male; 144, canadensis; 145, fuscipes; 146, hemipterus;

147 and 148, hemipterus, short winged forms; 149, hemipterus, male; 150, longipetiolus.

Scale bars are 500 um except 100 um for Figures 147 and 148.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

LIFT ITTTT OTT

Yj, f SAL)

iTV | 153) 154

= SSS N

< SAS S x

ONS So

= SS

SSS SES

SSS See

Sa See oN

ree

CHU

RIYEP OE St

FIGURES 151-158. Ooctonus females (except as noted), wings. 151, notatus; 152,

occidentalis; 153, quadricarinatus, male; 154, readae; 155 and 156, silvensis, showing

variation; 157, triapitsyni, holotype; 158, vulgatus. Scale bars are 500 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 159-165. Ooctonus females, petiole + gaster, dorsal view. 159, aphrophorae;

160, arizonensis, holotype; 161, boltei, holotype; 162, canadensis; 163, fuscipes; 164,

hemipterus; 165, longipetiolus. Scale bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 166-171. Ooctonus females, petiole + gaster, dorsal view. 166, notatus; 167,

occidentalis; 168, readae, holotype; 169, silvensis; 170, triapitsyni; 171, vulgatus. Scale

bars are 200 um.

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 172-177. Ooctonus females, petiole + gaster, ventral view. 172, hemipterus; 173,

longipetiolus, holotype; 174, notatus; 175, occidentalis; 176, readae; 177, silvensis. Scale

bars are 200 um.

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 178-186. Ooctonus males, gaster and genitalia, ventral view (except as noted).

178, aphrophorae; 179, fuscipes; 180, occidentalis; 181, quadricarinatus, dorsal; 182,

silvensis, 183, canadensis, dorsal; 184, longipetiolus; 185, vulgatus, dorsal; 186, vulgatus.

Scale bars are 200 um.

100

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 187-192. Ooctonus females (except as noted), petiole + gaster, lateral view.

187, aphrophorae; 188, hemipterus; 189, quadricarinatus; 190, readae; 191, aphrophorae,

male; 192, guadricarinatus, male. Scale bars are 200 um.

101

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

digital spine paramere aedeagus

paramere,

)

—dedeaga

Jamina

anterodorsal ——>

opening of

phallobase <—— aedeagal

apodeme

FIGURES 193, 194. Male genitalia. 193, canadensis, dorsal; 194, silvensis, ventral.

102

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 195-199. Ooctonus quadricarinatus, metasoma, except Figures 197 and 199.

195, female, lateral; 196, male, lateral; 197, male, mesosoma, ventral; 198, male, ventral;

199, Ooctonus sp., male, ventral. See Table | for terms.

103

Huber JESO Volume 143, 2012

Ooctonus occidentalis |CNCHYM 07504|422 bp

Ooctonus occidentalis |CNCHYM 07507|422 bp

Ooctonus canadensis |CNCHYM 07506|422 bp

Ooctonus sp. |CHCHYM 07514|422 bp

Ooctonus longipetiolus |CHCHYM 07516|422 bp

Ooctonus hemipterus |CHCHYM 07478] 422 bp

Ooctonus hemipterus |CHCHYM 07477|422 bp

Ooctonus hemipterus |CHCHYM 07476|422 bp

Ooctonus notatus |CHCHYM 07462|614 bp

Ooctonus notatus |CHCHYM 07459|567 bp

Ooctonus notatus |CHCHYM 07461/422 bp

Ooctonus readae |CHCHYM 07464) 307 bp

Ooctonus vulgatus |CHCHYM 07488|364 bp

Ooctonus vulgatus |CHCHYM 07484|340 bp

Ooctonus vulgatus |CHCHYM 07487|350 bp

Ooctonus vulgatus |CHCHYM 07485|422 bp

Ooctonus quadricarinatus |CHCHYM 07472|422 bp

Ooctonus quadricarinatus |CHCHYM 07470|422 bp

hoe quadricarinatus |CHCHYM 07471] 422 bp

Ooctonus sp. |CHCHYM 07522|539 bp

Ooctonus sp. |CHCHYM 07480|614 bp

Ooctonus sp. |CHCHYM 07520|613 bp

Ooctonus sp. |CHCHYM 07521|614 bp

Ooctonus silvensis |CHCHYM 07491|615 bp

Ooctonus fuscipes |CHCHYM 07499|276 bp

Ooctonus fuscipes |CHCHYM 07501|246 bp

Ooctonus fuscipes |CHCHYM 07503|265 bp

Ooctonus fuscipes |CHCHYM 07502|277 bp

Ooctonus arizonensis |CHCHYM 07511|283 bp

Ooctonus silvensis |CHCHYM 07498|615 bp

Ooctonus silvensis |09BBHYM-696|634 bp C200)

FIGURE 200. Neighbour-joining tree based on Kimura-2-Parameter distances for

cytochrome c oxidase I.

104

Revision of the genus Ooctonus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

TABLE 2. CNC barcode and Genbank accession numbers for Nearctic Ooctonus species.

arizonensis

canadensis

fuscipes

hemipterus

longipetiolus

notatus

occidentalis

quadricarinatus

readae

silvensis

vulgatus

Unassigned

BWW NM NO =

Ooctonus species

CNCHY M#

07511

07506

07499

07501

07502

07503

07476

07477

07478

07516

07459

07461

07462

07504

07507

07470

07471

07472

07473

07464

07491

07498

07496

07484

07485

07487

07488

07514

07480

O22

07520

07521

07513

Ow,

Oy Qy OyfOy Oy][Oy 40 +4+0]40

nO) RO)}| |KO)

Arizona

California

British Columbia

Oregon

Ontario

Quebec

Ontario

Virginia

Ontario

Prince Edward Island

Alberta

California

Nova Scotia

Ontario

Nova Scotia

Ontario

Florida

Missouri

Oklahoma

Ontario

British Columbia

Virginia

Ontario

Alberta

Mexico

Arizona

State/Province/Countr

JESO Volume 143, 2012

Genebank

Accession #

KC157669

KC157670

KC157672

KC157673

KC157674

KC157671

KC157675

KC157676

KC157677

KC157678

KC157679

KC157680

KC157681

KC157682

KC157683

KC157684

KC157685

KC157686

KC157687

KC157688

KC157689

KC157690

KC157691

KC157701

KC157700

KC157699

KC157698

KC157695

KC157697

KC157696

KC157694

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Status of C. grvneus populations in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143, 2012

STATUS OF JUNIPER HAIRSTREAK (CALLOPHRYS GRYNEUS

HUBNER) POPULATIONS IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

S. DENOMME-BROWN, G. W. OTIS*

School of Environmental Sciences

University of Guelph

Guelph, ON NIG 2W1

e-mail: gotis@uoguelph.ca

Abstract J. ent. Soc. Ont. 144: 107-114

Populations of Juniper Hairstreak (Callophrys gryneus [Hiibner]) at Point

Pelee National Park (PPNP) and Pelee Island have declined over time and

are at risk of extirpation. We monitored them in the Red Cedar Savannahs

of PPNP from late May—end August and on Pelee Island in early June. Two

flights of adults occurred (maximum numbers observed daily in parentheses)

from 29 May—12 June (4 at PPNP; 11 at Pelee Island) and 19 July—12 August

(10 at PPNP) in and near intermediate-sized (mostly 5-7 m tall) junipers

among the upper dunes of a small portion of the point’s western shore and in

one clearing on Pelee Island. The primary nectar resource used by the first

brood was Prelea trifoliata L.; the second brood nectared infrequently on

several floral species.

Published December 2012

Introduction

The Juniper or Olive Hairstreak (Callophrys (Mitoura) gryneus gryneus (Hibner

[1819]) (hereafter “hairstreak”’) occurs in eastern Canada along the Frontenac Axis/Napanee

Plain of eastern Ontario; in a single site on the Gatineau escarpment in Quebec; and in the

western Lake Erie Basin (Layberry et al. 1998). First discovered in southwestern Ontario at

Point Pelee in 1882 (Saunders 1885), the population there has declined over time and nearly

disappeared between 1976—1984 (Layberry et al. 1998; Wormington 1999). In 1998, their

numbers increased dramatically, with a record daily maximum of 139 individuals observed

(Wormington 1999), but they have subsequently decreased markedly (Wormington, pers.

comm.). On Pelee Island, the species was reported to be extirpated (Layberry et al. 1998),

but a modest population was subsequently rediscovered (Hanks and Hess 1992). For the

other islands of western Lake Erie, there is a published record of only one individual

(Kelleys Island: Nault et al. 1989). The next closest populations are in southern Ohio and

western Pennslylvania. Adults occur in two broods each summer, the first beginning in late

May and the second in early to mid-July (Wormington, 1998).

* Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

107

Denomme-Brown and Otis JESO Volume 143, 2012

Except when nectaring, Juniper Hairstreaks are almost always observed perched

or ovipositing on their larval host plant, the Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana L.)

(henceforth ‘cedar’; Douglas and Douglas 2005). Males maintain territories on cedars but

are sedentary, making them difficult to detect without disturbing the trees (Iftner et al. 1992:

Douglas and Douglas 2005). Although most often reported in open stands of cedar 5—8

m tall (Iftner et al. 1992), C. grvneus, when abundant, can also be found on lone cedars

(Glassberg, 1999). The species has been reported to have disappeared from some sites that

have become overgrown or in which cedars have grown too large (Layberry et al. 1998).

Point Pelee National Park (PPNP) is located on the tip of a narrow peninsula that

extends southward into Lake Erie and contains Lake Erie Sand Spit Savannah habitat that

is exceptionally rare in Canada, existing only at PPNP, Rondeau Provincial Park, Long

Point, and Pelee Island (Dougan and Associates 2006). Numerous rare plant and animal

species are isolated on Point Pelee by water on two sides and by extensive farmland to the

north (McLachlan and Bazely 2002). In PPNP, C. gryneus has historically been found in

the savannah habitat that exists along the point’s western shore (Layberry and Jones 2008;

O’Neill, pers. comm.; Wormington, pers. comm.; C. Jones, pers. comm.). Its scarcity at

Point Pelee and on the Lake Erie Islands coupled with its isolation from other populations

renders it potentially at risk. PPNP personnel are considering the use of an ecosystem-

based approach to conserve C. gryneus and the rare habitat in which it lives (Dougan and

Associates 2007). A few patches of upper beach have already been cleared to improve habitat

for C. gryneus and several other endangered species. The Nature Conservancy of Canada

has begun habitat restoration on Pelee Island, including the planting of cedars, with the

stated goal of increasing the C. gryneus population there (Nature Conservancy of Canada

2008). Because knowledge of the population size of C. gryneus and its habitat requirements

is integral to future management initiatives, we monitored and observed Juniper Hairstreaks

in the cedar savannah of PPNP from late May—end August, and on Pelee Island in early

June, 2011.

Methods

Because C. gryneus is seldom observed far from host plants, PPNP reports (Dougan

and Associates 2007) and staff were consulted in order to determine the distribution of

cedars within the park. We focused on the three areas where cedars are abundant and the

habitat may be suitable for this species: clearings along the entire West Beach Footpath, the

small garden area north of the PPNP Visitors’ Centre, and clearings at the north end of the

DeLaurier Homestead Trail. We performed surveys from 11:00—16:00h on days when the

temperature was >17° C and there was no precipitation, climatic criteria consistent with

published butterfly survey techniques (Pollard 1977; Wikstrom et al. 2009).

We conducted surveys every few days, from 25 May —26 June, 2011, for the first

brood, and from 19 July—19 August, 2011, for the second brood. We stopped surveying

only after failing to record hairstreaks on three consecutive surveys. Initially, in order to

limit disturbance to the sensitive habitat, we shook all cedars (as described below) within

2.5 m of established trails. Upon encountering the first hairstreak of each flight period, we

conducted more intensive surveys both on- and off-trails, during which we disturbed every

108

Status of C. gryneus populations in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143, 2012

cedar tree by grasping and moving small trees or tapping and shaking taller trees with a

stick at a height of 3.75 m. All flowers within clearings were inspected as well. This was

performed along the West Beach Trail south of the PPNP Visitors’ Centre (29, 30 May; 2, 8,

9, 12, 15, 18, 20, 24, 25 June; 9, 19, 22, 23, 31 July; 1, 4, 6, 12, 17, 18, 19 Aug.); West Beach

Trail north of the PPNP Visitor’s Centre (29 May; 15, 17, 25, 26 June; 1, 3, 5, 15 Aug.);

in front of the PPNP Visitor’s Centre (1, 8, 9, 20, 25 June; 9, 23 July; 4, 17, 19 Aug.); and

along the DeLaurier Trail (1, 8, 14, 22 June; 3, 11 Aug.). Despite reports that the hairstreaks

prefer small to medium-sized cedars (Layberry et al. 1998), we inspected cedars of all sizes

to prevent bias in our survey.

For each hairstreak observed, we recorded GPS coordinates, habitat characteristics

(cedar height, nearby flowering plant species, and estimates of vegetation density),

and butterfly behaviour (flight height and pattern, perching, feeding behaviour, and

oviposition).

Between 4-6 June, 2011, two observers surveyed at least once all sites on Pelee

Island with sizeable Red Cedar populations. Five sites suggested to us by John Ambrose

(pers. comm.) included the locations where hairstreaks have been seen in recent history

(C. Jones, pers. comm.). Their coordinates are: N41.750° W82.647°, N41.757° W82.677°,

N41.752° W82.631°, N41.809° W82.644° and N41.761° W082.645°.

Results

At PPNP, from 29 May—12 June, we had 9 sightings of hairstreaks of the first

brood, with a daily maximum of 4 individuals recorded on 12 June. Individuals of the

second brood were observed from 19 July—12 August (45 individuals; maximum daily count

of 10 recorded on 4 August). All sightings were along the West Beach Footpath, from the

trailhead west of the PPNP Visitors’ Centre south to the end of the Tip Road. We observed

no hairstreaks elsewhere, although one was reported outside the PPNP Visitors’ Centre on 5

Aug. by park naturalist J. Brownlie. The sites occupied by hairstreaks were generally open

sandy areas with grasses up to 0.5 m high, numerous cedars and many Common Hoptrees

(Ptelea trifoliata L.). These clearings were either sheltered from the beach by vegetation or

the hairstreaks were >30 m from Lake Erie.

Five hairstreaks of the first brood were observed feeding on the blossoms of

Common Hoptree. They generally walked along branches from one inflorescence to another

rather than flying between them. Other flowering plant species at this time were scarce,

the most common being Hoary Puccoon (Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.). The

remaining 4 hairstreaks were perched 2—6 m above ground on mid-sized cedars (6—7.5 m

tall). Most were sedentary until disturbed, at which point they made short flights to nearby

trees or back to the original branch. Flights were weak and erratic, with many directional

changes.

Forty-two of the 45 hairstreaks of the second brood that we observed were on

cedars. Most were perched 5-7 m above the ground. Flight behavior was consistent with

hairstreaks of the first brood. Two females were observed ovipositing at a height of ~3 m on

6—7.5 m tall cedars. Twenty-five observations were ina single clearing (Figure 1). Only three

second-brood individuals were observed feeding, all on non-native species: Bouncing Bet

109

Denomme-Brown and Otis JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURE 1. Clearing typical of habitat along West Beach Footpath where Juniper Hairstreaks

were found. This particular clearing was the location of 25 (56%) of all second brood

sightings.

(Saponaria officinalis L.), Queen Anne’s Lace (Daucus carota L.), and White Sweet Clover

(Melilotus alba Medik.). Despite extending its proboscis, the individual on Saponaria may

not have successfully fed due to the long corolla length of the flower. Spotted Knapweed

(Centaurea maculosa Lam.), a very common invasive species, was in bloom close to all

observed hairstreaks, but we saw none feeding upon it. Other plants in flower nearby were

Common Mullein (Verbascum thapsus L.), Rough-Fruited Cinquefoil (Potentilla recta

L.), Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina L.), Wild Bergamot (Monarda fistulosa L.), and the

endangered Eastern Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf.).

During the Pelee Island surveys on 4—6 June, we encountered 9, 10, and 11

hairstreaks on 4, 5, and 6 June, respectively. All were sighted in a single sheltered clearing

with scattered cedars in a forested part of the Richard and Beryl Ivey Conservation Area

(N 41.757 W 082.677). As at PPNP, these hairstreaks were predominantly on Common

Hoptree flowers, but one was observed feeding on Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) flowers. At

times up to three were observed feeding on a single Common Hoptree inflorescence (Figure

2). Other flowers nearby included Hairy Beardtongue (Penstemon hirsutus L.) and Eastern

Red Columbine (Aquilegia canadensis L.).

110

Status of C. gryneus populations in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143, 2012

: a % ie " ‘

FIGURE 2. Two Juniper Hairstreaks oie on Common Hionuse flowers.

Discussion

The C. gryneus populations we observed at PPNP and on Pelee Island were

small. We did observe more individuals than have been reported in recent years (Layberry

and Jones, 2009; C. Jones, pers. comm.); this may reflect in part our intensive surveying

methods. The first brood of hairstreaks at PPNP is reported to be usually larger than the

second (Wormington, pers. comm.) but this was not the case in 2011. The late spring and

frequent rain in June may have negatively affected the size of the first brood or positively

affected the numbers in the second brood. From our observations, Common Hoptree flowers

were the primary nectar source for the first brood of C. grvneus both at PPNP and on Pelee

Island, either by preference or from lack of suitable alternatives.

The absence of hairstreaks along the West Beach Trail north of the Visitors’ Centre

was likely due to the overgrowth of trees and shrubs (Figure 3), causing extensive shade

and a low abundance of nectar sources (e.g., Common Hoptrees were absent). Sections of

this path that were not overgrown were often quite exposed and beach-like, with no shelter

from the lake and with fewer, often large (>12 m tall) cedars that were likely too large to be

suitable for oviposition (Layberry et al. 1998).

111

Denomme-Brown and Otis JESO Volume 143, 2012

BS fot ee hehe PY eS: ae oe 2:

FIGURE 3. Overgrown Red Cedar Savannah typical of West Beach Footpath north of the

Point Pelee Visitors’ Centre, with a Red Cedar tree visible in the center of the photo. No

Juniper Hairstreaks were observed in this habitat.

The clearings at the northern portion of DeLaurier Homestead Trail appeared

very similar to sites where we observed hairstreaks except that Common Hoptrees were

scarce. The absence of a suitable nectar source for the first brood may have contributed to

the hairstreaks’ absence from this otherwise apparently suitable habitat. Individuals of the

second brood were infrequently observed feeding on only three species of flowers despite

many other species being present. The lack of hairstreaks feeding on Spotted Knapweed

was striking, particularly since Alan Wormington (pers. comm.) has observed C. gryneus

nectaring on it in other years.

Unfortunately, we could not mark the hairstreaks due to the fragility of these small

butterflies and concerns that we might harm them and further reduce their populations.

However, because of our intensive search method for hairstreaks both on cedars and on

flowers, their sedentary nature, and their tendency to return to the same site after disturbance,

we are confident that we observed a high proportion of the hairstreaks that were present at

both Point Pelee and Pelee Island. It is therefore likely that the populations at both sites

consisted of less than 100 individuals. This is well below the effective population size that

is generally considered critical for a population to maintain sufficient genetic variation for

adaptive evolution to occur (Lynch and Lande 1998). Therefore, the efforts to open up

overgrown cedar stands, as have already begun by the staff at PPNP and the NCC, and

increasing the number of appropriate adult nectar sources would seem to be suitable first

steps to hairstreak population recovery at PPNP and Pelee Island. The status of the Juniper

Hairstreak on the other Lake Erie Islands is unknown: the only reports have been of three

112

Status of C. gryneus populations in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143, 2012

individuals from Kelleys Island, in 1988 (Nault et al.1989), ~2000 (B. Coleman, pers.

comm.), and as recently as 2010 (D. Horn, pers. comm).

The geographic isolation of the Lake Erie Basin metapopulation from other

populations of Juniper Hairstreaks prompts questions regarding its genetic distinctness. It

would be interesting to know the degree of genetic dissimilarity with C. gryneus from the

three closest populations: Napanee, Ontario (~500 km to the east), southern Ohio/west-

central Indiana (~260-400 km to the south and southwest), and western Pennsylvania (~300

km to the southeast). This species should be surveyed in other Red Cedar Savannah habitats

at Rondeau Provincial Park, Long Point, and the Lake Erie Islands of Ohio.

Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Alan Wormington for sharing his vast knowledge of the butterflies

of Point Pelee. Thanks also go to Henrietta O’Neill for her advice regarding our surveys.

Timothy J. Brown assisted with fieldwork on Pelee Island. Colin Jones compiled data

regarding Juniper Hairstreaks from records of the Toronto Entomologists’ Association. Barb

Coleman, Cleveland Museum of Natural History and Dave Horn shared their observations

from Kelleys Island. Mhairi McFarlane and the staff of the Nature Conservancy of Canada

granted us use of the Ivey Research Station on Pelee Island. John Ambrose shared his

extensive knowledge of the flora of Pelee Island. The entire staff of PPNP was supportive

and shared their knowledge throughout the entire project. Comments of Peter Hall, an

anonymous reviewer, and the journal editor greatly improved this manuscript.

References

Dougan and Associates. 2007. Point Pelee National Park Ecological Land Classification

and Plant Species at Risk Mapping and Status, Prepared for Parks Canada Agency,

Point Pelee National Park, Leamington, Ontario. 109 pp. + Appendices A—H +

Maps.

Douglas, M. M. and Douglas, J. M. 2005. Butterflies of the Great Lakes Region. University

of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. 345 pp.

Glassberg, J. 1999. Butterflies through Binoculars: The East. A Field Guide to the Butterflies

of Eastern North America. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. 400 pp.

Hanks, A. J. and Hess, Q. F. (eds.). 1992. Butterflies of Ontario & Summaries of Lepidoptera

Encountered in Ontario in 1991. Toronto Entomologists’ Association, Toronto,

ON, Canada. 94 pp. (www.ontarioinsects.org/Publications/Summaries/1991.pdf).

Iftner, D. C., Shuey, J. A. and Calhoun, J. V. 1992. Butterflies and Skippers of Ohio. Ohio

Biological Survey Bulletin, New Series, Vol. 9, College of Biological Sciences,

Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. 212 pp.

Layberry, R. A., Hall, P. W. and Lafontaine, J. D. 1998. The Butterflies of Canada. University

of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, Canada. 376 pp.

113

Denomme-Brown and Otis JESO Volume 143, 2012

Layberry, R. A. and Jones, C. D. (eds.) 2008. Ontario Lepidoptera 2006-2007. Toronto

Entomologists’ Association, Toronto, ON, Canada. 93 pp. (www.ontarioinsects.

org/Publications/Summaries/2006-07.pdf)

Lynch, M. and Lande, R. 1998. The critical effective size for a genetically secure population.

Animal Conservation 1: 70-72.

McLachlan, S. M. and Bazely, D. R. 2002. Outcomes of longterm deciduous forest restoration

in southwestern Ontario, Canada. Biological Conservation 112: 159-169.

Nature Conservancy of Canada. 2008. Management Guidelines: Pelee Island Alvars. NCC—

Southwestern Ontario Region, London, ON, Canada. 43 pp.

Nault, B. A., Rings, R. W. and Horn, D. J. 1989. Lepidoptera recorded from the islands

of western Lake Erie, with a brief account of the geology and flora. Great Lakes

Entomologist 22: 111-119.

Pollard, E. 1977. A method for assessing changes in the abundance of butterflies. Biological

Conservation 12: 115-134.

Saunders, W. 1885. Brief notes of a trip to Point Pelee, with additions to our list of Canadian

butterflies. The Canadian Entomologist 16: 50-53.

Wikstrom, L., Milberg, P. and Bergman, K. O. 2009. Monitoring of butterflies in semi-natural

grasslands: diurnal variation and weather effects. Journal of Insect Conservation

13: 203-211.

Wormington, A. 1998. The Butterflies of Point Pelee National Park: a Seasonal Guide and

Checklist. The Ontario Natural History Press, Leamington, ON, Canada.

Wormington, A. 1999. An outbreak of Olive Hairstreaks (Callophrys grynea) at Point

Pelee, Ontario, in 1998. (Pp 9-11) in Hanks, A. J. (ed.), Butterflies of Ontario

& Summaries of Lepidoptera Encountered in Ontario in 1998. The Toronto

Entomologists’ Association, Toronto, ON, Canada. 81 pp. (www.ontarioinsects.

org/Publications/Summaries/1998.pdf)

114

Larval parasitoids of the Cabbage Looper in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143, 2012

LARVAL PARASITOIDS OF THE CABBAGE LOOPER,

TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), IN FIELD

TOMATO CROPS IN SOUTHWESTERN ONTARIO

H. MURILLO’, D. W. A. HUNT?, S. L. VANLAERHOVEN?

Department of Biology, University of Windsor,

401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON, Canada NOB 3P4.

email: murilloph@gmail.com

Scientific Note J. ent. Soc. Ont. 143: 115-119

The Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusia ni Hiibner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a

cosmopolitan insect pest that causes damage in more than 160 species of plants (Sutherland

and Greene 1984), and has become a chronic pest of Canadian greenhouse vegetable crops

(Gillespie et al. 2002). Each spring, the overwintering population of 7: ni migrates north

from the southern United States to establish seasonal populations in Canada (Lafontaine

and Poole 1991). In commercial indoor settings, growers rely on Btk (Bacillus thuringiensis

var. kurstaki) products to manage outbreaks of 7: ni. Outdoors, growers rely on chemical

pesticides. Btk appears to be compatible with natural enemies and insect pollinators although

the recent development of 7: ni resistance to Btk is a major concern in the vegetable industry

(Janmaat and Myers 2003) and new and effective natural enemies are needed. The objective

of this study was to determine the native parasitoid assemblage of larval stages of 7. ni

in tomato fields in southwestern Ontario for the selection of potential biological control

agents.

A survey for larval parasitoids of 7. ni was conducted on field tomato (Solanum

lycopersicum Mill.) (Solanaceae) crops in 2005 and 2006 in Essex County, Ontario. Three

2000-plant plots of commercial processing tomato were planted with the varieties Heinz

Q909, TH4, and an experimental hybrid in 2005. In 2006, Heinz 9478 was used in all

three plots. Plots were located on three different farms separated by about 5 km from each

other. One hundred tomato plants per plot were sampled weekly beginning on May 20 in

2005 and on June 13 in 2006. Larvae collected from the survey were reared individually

on a pinto bean diet (Shorey and Hale 1965) in a growth chamber at 24°C, with a 12:12

photoperiod and 60% RH until emergence of parasitoids or an adult 7. ni moth. The number

of parasitised larvae of each instar of 7. ni by each parasitoid was recorded and compared

using Chi-Square tests.

Nine species of primary parasitoids (eight Hymenoptera and one unidentified

Diptera—Tachinidae) were reared from larval stages of 7: ni, but only 7 of them within each

of the two years (Table 1) and one hyperparasitoid, Trichomalopsis viridescens (Walsh)

Published December 2012

' Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

* AAFC —- Greenhouse and Processing Crops Research Centre, 2585 County Rd. 20, Harrow,

ON, Canada NOR 1G2

> Same address as first author.

115

JESO Volume 143, 2012

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116

Larval parasitoids of the Cabbage Looper in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143, 2012

(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), was reared from Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron). Although

Braconidae had the higher number of species, Ichneumonidae had the greatest parasitism

rates due to dominance of the solitary larval endoparasitoid C. sonorensis (Table 1), which

was found parasitising 7. ni larvae from the collection date of 7. ni larvae within each year.

Other larval parasitoids were rarely found (Table 1). From 400 7: ni larvae in 2005 and

365 in 2006 for which we determined the instar at collection, the 2" instar of 7. ni was the

larval stage with the highest parasitism rates by C. sonorensis and by all the other parasitoid

species as well (Table 2). The number of parasitised 2" instars differed significantly from

all other parasitised instars combined in both years (2005: X°, , = 43.422, P< 0.001; 2006:

Xx? , = 59.038, P< 0.001).

In North America, Copidosoma floridanum (Ashmead) and Cotesia marginiventris

(Cresson) are reported as common parasitoids of 7: ni (Marston et al. 1984; Martin et al.

1984: Godin and Boivin 1998; Waterhouse 1998; Shelton et al. 2002; Wold-Burkness et al.

2005), C. sonorensis and Microplitis alaskensis (Ashmead) have rarely been collected from

T. ni (Martin et al. 1984; Waterhouse 1998), Cotesia plathypenae (Muesebeck) is a new

record for 7. ni, and Euplectrus species are commonly reported but Meteorus species are

not (Marston et al. 1984; Martin et al. 1984; Waterhouse 1998; Wold-Burkness et al. 2005).

The hyperparasitoid T. viridescens is associated with several braconid and ichneumonid

parasitoids attacking Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) (Gibson and Floate 2001) but our work

seems to be the first report on C. sonorensis and T: ni.

Campoletis sonorensis has been well studied for control of Helicoverpa species and

Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) in corn and cotton crops (Lingren 1977; Isenhour 1986)

but has been reported on T. ni only once in southern California in lettuce (Lactuca sativa

L., Asteraceae) (Henneberry et al. 1991) and once (as C. websteri) in Texas (crop host not

reported) (Carlson 1972; Harding 1976). We believe C. sonorensis should be evaluated as a

biological control agent for 7. ni in field and greenhouse crops in southwestern Ontario due

to its high natural abundance and synchrony with 7: ni populations (Murillo et al. 2009).

TABLE 2. Overall total percent parasitism of Trichoplusia ni larval instars. Numbers in

bold indicate significantly higher parasitism rates as compared to other instars (Chi-Square

test, P>0.05).

Year 2005 2006

Larvae Campoletis All other Larvae Campoletis All other

Instar (#) sonorensis (%) parasitoids (%) (#) sonorensis (%) parasitoids (%)

1 4] 0.0 0.0 7 0.0 0.0

2 210 DAL) 3.8 7 31.6 8.5

3 118 D5) ibei 84 8.3 4.8

4 24 0.0 0.0 54 0.0 129

5 7 0.0 0.0 43 0.0 0.0

Total 400 Pou DRS 365 a3) DS)

117

Murillo et al. JESO Volume 143, 2012

Acknowledgements

We thank the Ontario Centre of Excellence, Gualtieri Farms, Agriculture and Agri-Food

Canada, and the University of Windsor for the financial support of this research. We also

thank the Canadian National Collection of Insects staff Dr. A. Bennett (Ichneumonidae),

Dr. H. Goulet (Braconidae), Dr. J. Huber (Eulophidae) and Dr. G. Gibson (Encyrtidae and

Pteromalidae) for the identification of parasitoids.

References

Carlson, R. W. 1972. Suppression of the name Campoletis perdistincta (Hymenoptera:

Ichneumonidae) and the identity of species to which the name has been applied.

Entomological News 83: 75-82.

Gillespie, D. R., Raworth, D. A and Shipp, J. L. 2002. Trichoplusia ni Hiibner, Cabbage

Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pp. 269-271, in Mason, P. G., and J. T. Huber, J.

T. (eds), Biological Control Programmes in Canada, 1981-2000. CABI Publishing,

New York, NY.

Gibson, G. A. P. and Floate, K. D. 2001. The species of Trichomalopsis (Hymenoptera:

Pteromalidae) associated with filth flies (Diptera: Muscidae) in North America.

The Canadian Entomologist 133: 49-85.

Godin, C. and Boivin, G. 1998. Lepidopterous pests of Brassica crops and their parasitoids

in southwestern Quebec. Environmental Entomology 27: 1157-1165.

Harding, J. A. 1976. Seasonal occurrence, hosts, parasitism and parasites of cabbage and

soybean loopers in the Lower Rio Grande Valley. Environmental Entomology 5:

672-674.

Henneberry, T. J., Vail, P. V., Pearson, A. C. and Sevacherian, V. 1991. Biological control

agents of noctuid larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the Imperial Valley of

California. Southwestern Entomologist 16: 81—89.

Isenhour, D. J. 1986. Developmental time, adult reproductive capability, and longevity

of Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as a parasitoid of

fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annals of the

Entomological Society of America 79: 893-897.

Janmaat, A. F. and Myers, J. H. 2003. Rapid evolution and the cost of resistance to Bacillus

thuringiensis in greenhouse populations of cabbage looper, Trichoplusia_ ni.

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 270: 2263-2270.

Lafontaine, J. D. and Poole, R. W. 1991. Noctuoidea, Noctuidae (part) — Plusiinae. Fascicle

25.1. The moths of America North of Mexico. The Wedge Entomological Research

Foundation, Washington, DC.

Lingren, P. D. 1977. Campoletis sonorensis: Maintenance of a population on tobacco

budworms in a field cage. Environmental Entomology 6: 72-76.

Marston, N. L., Hostetter, D. L., Pinnell, R. E., Dickerson, W. A. and Smith, D. B. 1984.

Natural mortality of lepidopteran eggs and larvae in Missouri soybeans. Annals of

the Entomological Society of America 77: 21-28.

118

Larval parasitoids of the Cabbage Looper in SW Ontario JESO Volume 143. 2012

Martin, P. B., Lingren, P. D. and Greene, G. L. 1984. Role of parasitoids and predators

in regulating populations. Pp. 76-91, in Lingren, P. D. and Greene, G. L. (eds),

Suppression and management of cabbage looper populations. USDA Technical

Bulletin 1684.

Murillo, P. H., Hunt, D. W. A. and VanLaerhoven, S. L. 2009. Parasitism dynamics of

Campoletis sonorensis Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) as a larval

endoparasitoid of the Cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hiibner (Lepidoptera:

Noctuidae). JOBC/WPRS Bulletin 49: 233-238.

Shelton, A. M., Wilsey, W. T., Hoebeke, E. R. and Schmaedick, M. A. 2002. Parasitoids of

cabbage Lepidoptera in central New York. Journal of Entomological Science 37:

270-271.

Shorey, H. H. and Hale, R. L. 1965. Mass-rearing of the larvae of nine noctuid species on a

single artificial medium. Journal of Economic Entomology 58: 522-524.

Sutherland, D. W. and Greene, S. G. L. 1984. Cultivated and wild host plants. Pp 1—13, in

Lingren, P. D. and Greene, G. L (eds), Suppression and management of cabbage

looper populations. USDA Technical Bulletin 1684.

Waterhouse, D. F. 1998. Trichoplusia ni. Pp. 317-348, in Biological Control of Insect

Pests: Southeast Asian Prospects. Australian Centre for International Agricultural

Research. Canberra.

Wold-Burkness, S. J., Hutchison, W. D., Lee, J. C., Hines, R. L., Bolin, C. and Heimpel,

G. E. 2005. A long-term survey of parasitoid species composition and parasitism

of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera:

Plutellidae), and Pieris (=Artogeia) rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) in Minnesota

cabbage. Journal of Entomological Science 40: 211—221.

119

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The first Nearctic record of C. atrimana JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIRST NEARCTIC RECORD OF CAMILLA ATRIMANA

(DIPTERA: CAMILLIDAE)

J. H. KITS*, J. HOLDENRIED, S. M. PAIERO

School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph

50 Stone Road West, Guelph, ON, Canada NIG 2W1

e-mail: joel.kits@gmail.com

Scientific Note J. ent. Soc. Ont. 143: 121-124

Members of Camillidae are among the least known Diptera in the Nearctic Region.

Worldwide, this small family consists of four extant genera and approximately 40 species

(Pape et al. 2011). Most species occur in the Palearctic and Afrotropical regions, and the

family was not recorded in the New World until McAlpine (1960) noted the occurrence of

Camilla glabra (Fallen) in Ottawa, Ontario. Camilla glabra is a widespread Palearctic species

and its occurrence in the New World presumably represents an accidental introduction.

The family was included in McAlpine (1987) on the basis of this population. Barraclough

and Wheeler (1995) later described two endemic species of Afrocamilla Barraclough from

Arizona and California and one of Camilla Haliday from Baja California, and Barraclough

and Fitzgerald (2001) described an additional species of Afrocamilla from Colorado.

Barraclough and Wheeler (1995) examined the status of C. glabra , noting that specimens

were only collected in a small area of Ottawa between 1954 and 1965 and suggesting that

this population is likely extirpated. Thus the current known Nearctic fauna of Camillidae

consists of three species of Afrocamilla and one of Camilla. Here we record and key an

additional species of Camilla in the Nearctic region.

The specimens of Camilla atrimana Strobl reported here were collected with a

Vortis suction sampler (Burkard Manufacturing Co. Ltd., Hertfordshire, UK) during an

invertebrate survey of experimental grass plots at the Guelph Turfgrass Institute. They

are deposited in the University of Guelph Insect Collection, Guelph, ON (DEBU); we

also examined material from the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids &

Nematodes, Ottawa, ON (CNCI).

Key to Nearctic Camilla species

1 Scutum mostly shining. Wing apex rounded. Legs yellow. ...............0:ccccsceseeees 2

~ Scutum covered with microtomentum. Wing apex distinctly pointed. Femora 1-3

and tibia 1! blacketibiac 2 andes bray as (Bice sooo = onan cs csec le racsecisneeneseeceneeees

Published December 2012

* Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

121

Kitts et al. JESO Volume 143, 2012

2 About 7 genal bristles subequal to vibrissal length. Tegite 2 without enlarged

median bristles....¢5%.A 445.5. 34 56 A000 te SOE OS Bee

Sco doce C. glabra (Ontario, adventive; Nearctic population probably extirpated)

One genal bristle subequal to vibrissal length. Tergite 2 with medial pair of bristles

enlargeds.20h accel tees iN Ree ih ee C. arnaudi (Baja California)

Camilla atrimana Strobl

Camilla glabra var. atrimana Strobl 1910

Camilla atripes Duda 1934

Camilla atrimana: Papp 1985 (key, illustration)

FIGURE 1. Lateral habitus of female Camilla atrimana from Guelph, Ontario.

The first Nearctic record of C. atrimana JESO Volume 143; 2012

Material examined. Canada: ON: Guelph, Guelph Turfgrass Institute, 43°32'56”N

80°13'06"W, June 2010, J. Holdenried (2 ¢ 199, DEBU). Germany: Ingelheim am Rhein,

Malaise trap, July 1965 (2 ¢ 4 2, CNCI). Great Britain: Devon: Paignton, 6 June 1960,

J.R. Vockeroth (2 4, CNCI), same but 23 August 1960 (1 @, CNCI); Devon: Clennon

Valley, Paignton, 23 August 960 (1 2, CNCI), same but 26 August 1960 (1 ¢ 2 2, CNCI);

Devon: Torquay, 25 June 1960, J.R. Vockeroth (1 ¢@, CNCI); Devon: Berry Head, Brixham,

1 September 1960 (1 2, CNCI).

Members of the family Camillidae can be separated from other Nearctic Diptera

based on a combination of characters: one proclinate and one reclinate orbital bristle, arista

with long dorsal rays and very short ventral rays, an episternum with at least one strong

bristle, fore femur with anteroventral spines, mid tibia with preapical dorsal bristle, cell cup

not developed, and cells bm and dm confluent. Species of camillids are most similar to those

of Drosophilidae and Diastatidae, which also have proclinate and reclinate orbital bristles

and often a plumose arista; however, species in both these families lack a strong anepisternal

bristle, have two reclinate orbital bristles and a complete cell cup, and usually have the

arista with dorsal and ventral rays of similar size. Camilla atrimana is a typical member of

the genus, based on the plumose arista, two dorsocentral bristles, clear wing, and abdominal

tergite 2 not bulging posteriorly. There is no single key to all the species of Camilla, but

Papp (1985) covers all Palearctic members of the genus. The three African species can be

excluded as they lack the preapical dorsal bristle on the mid tibia and anteroventral spine

on the fore femur (Barraclough 1993). The newly collected Guelph specimens externally

match the descriptions and available European material of C. atrimana, and the genitalia of

a dissected male match illustrations of this species provided by Papp (1982).

In general, camillid specimens are rarely collected. Three of the Nearctic species

are known from single specimens (Barraclough and Wheeler 1995), and the Afrotropical

diversity was almost entirely unknown until collectors began to focus on rock hyrax, Procavia

capensis (Pallas), latrines and bat guano in caves (Barraclough 1997). Most Camillidae

are associated with small mammal nests and burrows but the biology of C. atrimana is

unknown; it is unlikely to be of any economic significance and potential ecological impacts

cannot be determined until more information about its biology and New World distribution

is known. Suction trapping appears to be an effective method of collecting some acalyptrate

Diptera groups that are generally under-recorded by standard sampling techniques (e.g.,

some Anthomyzidae). Whether this accounts for the lack of previous records of C. atrimana

from the New World, or if this Palaearctic species only recently became established in the

Nearctic region is unknown.

Acknowledgements

Samples were obtained through research led by Jonathan Newman (University of Guelph)

and funded by OMAFRA. Jeffrey Skevington (CNCI) loaned material for comparison.

Stephen Marshall (University of Guelph) and two anonymous reviewers provided valuable

suggestions on earlier drafts of this note.

123

Kitts et al. JESO Volume 143, 2012

References

Barraclough, D. A. 1993. Teratocamilla, a new genus of Camillidae (Diptera) and two new

species of Camilla, from southern Africa. Annals of the Natal Museum 34: 19-30.

Barraclough, D. A. 1997. The African species of Afrocamilla Barraclough, 1992 (Diptera:

Schizophora), a genus of Camillidae associated with rock hyrax latrines. Annals of

the Natal Museum 38: 2\—S3.

Barraclough, D. A. and Fitzgerald, S. J. 2001. A new Afrocamilla from Colorado, the third

species of Camillidae (Diptera: Schizophora) from the United States. Tijdschrift

voor Entomologie 144: 1-4.

Barraclough, D. A. and Wheeler, T. A. 1995. Three new species of Camillidae (Diptera)

from the southwestern Nearctic region, the first species of the family described

from the New World. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington

97: 737-745.

McAlpine, J. F. 1960. First record of the family Camillidae in the New World (Diptera). The

Canadian Entomologist 42: 954-956.

McAlpine, J. F. 1987. Camillidae. Pp. 1023-1025 in McAlpine, J. F., et al. (eds), Manual of

Nearctic Diptera, Volume 2. Agriculture Canada Monograph 28.

Pape, T., Blagoderov, V. and Mostovski, M. B. 2011. Order DIPTERA Linnaeus, 1758. Pp.

222-229, in Zhang, Z.-Q. (ed), Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level

classification and survey of taxonomic richness. Zootaxa 3148.

Papp, L. 1982. A revision of the species of Camilla Haliday described by J. E. Collin

(Diptera: Camillidae). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington

10: 125-135.

Papp, L. 1985. Akey to the world species of Camillidae (Diptera). Acta Zoologica Hungarica

31: 217-227.

First record of Drvocosmus kuriphilus in Canada JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIRST RECORD OF THE ORIENTAL CHESTNUT GALL WASP,

DRYOCOSMUS KURIPHILUS YASUMATSU (HYMENOPTERA:

CYNIPIDAE), INCANADA

JT HUBER*; J: READ

Natural Resources Canada, c/o Canadian National Collection of Insects, AAFC,

960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1A 0C6

email: john.huber@agr.gc.ca

Scientific Note J. ent. Soc. Ont. 143 : 125-128

The Oriental Chestnut Gall Wasp, Drvocosmus kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera:

Cynipidae), originally from China, has become established in several other Asian countries,

the USA, and Europe where it is parasitized by various species of Chalcidoidea that normally

exploit oak gall wasps (Aebi et al. 2007). In the USA, D. kuriphilus was first recorded in

1974 and has been found in 10 states as far north as Pennsylvania and Ohio, on two Nearctic

species of Castanea: C. dentata (Marshall) Borkhausen, and C. pumila Miller (Dixon et

al. 1986; Anagnostakis 1997; Warmund 2009). Viggiani and Nugnes (2010) described and

illustrated the larva. Numerous other Nearctic species are assigned to Drvocosmus (Burks

1979), the most recently described on Chrysolepis spp. (Buffington and Morita 2009).

We record for the first time the presence of D. kuriphilus in Canada and illustrate

the adult and leaves with galls (Figs. 1-9). The galls (Figs. 8, 9) on a Chinese chestnut

tree, C. mollissima Blume, had been collected in Niagara-on-the-Lake and submitted

for identification to the National Identification Service, Canadian National Collection of

Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Ottawa (CNC). The twigs were placed in a rearing cage

and one Dryocosmus specimen eventually emerged. Because no identified material of this

species for comparison was in the CNC and there is no North American key to species of

Dryocosmus they could only be tentatively identified by us as D. kuriphilus. Photographs

were sent for identification to a specialist in Hungary and he confirmed that the genus was

correct, and the species was almost certainly D. kuriphilus. The actual specimen was sent

to a specialist in USA who confirmed that it is indeed this species. Another specimen, a

species of Jorymus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), was found crawling about on the outside

of the rearing cage and was collected. Presumably, it also emerged from the galls and found

its way out of the cage (which had a narrow gap at the top) but there is a faint possibility

that it came through an open window from elsewhere and not from the D. kuriphilus galls.

Photographs of the Zorymus (Figs. 10-17) were sent to a specialist in Czech Republic and he

identified the species as the widespread, polyphagous species, 7. tuwbicola (Osten Sacken)

(Hymenoptera: Torymidae).

Material examined. CANADA: ON, Niagara on the Lake, 21.vi.2012 (galls

collected), 9.vii.2012 (cynipid emerged), A. Harnden, ex Castanea mollissima (12, CNC).

Torymidae: likely same data but collected in mid July (12, CNC).

Published December 2012

* Author to whom all correspondence should be addressed.

125

Huber and Read JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 1-7. Dryocosmus kuriphilus. 1, habitus, lateral; 2, head, anterior; 3, mesosoma,

dorsal; 4, antenna; 5, mesosoma, lateral; 6, ovipositor, ventral; 7, propodeum, dorsal.

First record of Dryocosmus kuriphilus in Canada JESO Volume 143, 2012

FIGURES 8—17. 8 and 9, Castanea mollissima leaves with galls. 8, upper leaf modified with

gall; lower leaf normal. 9, deformed leaf with gall. 10-17, Zorymus tubicola. 10, habitus,

lateral; 11, fore wing venation; 12, tibial spurs and basitarsus; 13, head, dorsal; 14, head and

antennae, lateral; 15, clypeus; 16, metasoma, dorsal; 17, mesosoma, posterodorsal.

127

Huber and Read JESO Volume 143, 2012

Acknowledgements

We thank J. Holmes (Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Hamilton) for submitting fresh

chestnut leaves with galls for rearing, identification and photography. G. Melika (Budapest

Pest Diagnostic Laboratory, Directorate of Plant Protection, Soil Conservation and Agri-

environment, Budapest) and M. Buffington (Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA,

Washington, DC), both specialists on Cynipoidea, identified the gall wasp. The parasitoid

was identified by P. Jansta (Department of Zoology — Entomology, Charles University,

Prague). Their prompt help is much appreciated.

References

Aebi, A., Schénrogge, K., Melika, G., Quacchia, A., Alma, A. and Stone, G. N. 2007.

Parasitoid recruitment to the globally invasive chestnut gall wasp Dryocosmus

kuriphilus. EPPO Bulletin 37: 166-171.

Anagnostakis, S. L. 1997. Oriental chestnut gall wasp found on American chestnut trees.

The Connecticut Agriculture Experiment Station. http://www.ct.gov/caes/cwp/

view.asp?a=2815&q=376818 [content last modified on 6/28/2012] (accessed 2

October, 2012).

Burks, B. D. 1979. Superfamily Cynipoidea. Pp. 1045-1107 in Krombein, K. V., Hurd Jr.,

P. D., Smith, D. R., and Burks, B. D. (eds), Catalog of Hymenoptera in America

north of Mexico 1. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. 1198 pp.

Buffington, M. L. and Morita, S. I. 2009. Not all oak gall wasps gall oaks: the description

of Dryocosmus rileypokei, a new, apostate species of Cynipini from California.

Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 111: 244-253.

Dixon, W. N., Burns, R. E. and Stange, L. A. 1986. Oriental chestnut gall wasp, Dryvocosmus

kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae). Florida Agriculture & Consumer

Service., Division of Plant Industry, Entomology Circular 287. | p.

Viggiani, G. and Nugnes, F. 2010. Description of the larval stages of Dryokosmus [sic]

kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with notes on their phenology.

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research, Series 2 42: 39-45.

Warmund, M. 2009. Oriental chestnut gall wasp Dryocosumus [sic] kuriphilus Yasumatsu.

University of Missouri Extension. Pest Alert 100. http://extension.missouri.edu/

explorepdf/agguides/pests/pal00.pdf (accessed 2 October, 2012).

JESO Volume 143, 2012

THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS

2012-2013

President: J. SKEVINGTON

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada,

K.W. Neatby Building

960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

jskevington@gmail.com

President-Elect: J. MCNEIL

Department of Biology

Biological and Geological Sciences Building

University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7

jmeneil2@uwo.ca

Past-President: B. GILL

Entomology Unit, Ontario Plant Laboratories,

Canadian Food Inspection Agency. Building 18 C.E.F.

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

bruce.gill@inspection.ge.ca

Secretary: N. MCKENZIE

Vista Centre, 1830 Bank Street, P.O. Box 83025

Ottawa, ON K1V 1A3

nicole_mekenzie@hc-sc.ge.ca

Treasurer: S. LI

Pest Management Centre, Building 57

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

Dr.Shiyou.Li@nrcan.ge.ca

Directors:

C. BAHLAI

School of Environmental Science

University of Guelph

Guelph, ON NIG 2W1

cbahlai@uoguelph.ca

R. BUITENHUIS (2011-2013)

Vineland Research and Innovation Centre

4890 Victoria Ave. North, P.O. Box 4000

Vineland, ON LOR 2E0

rose. buitenhuis@vinelandresearch.com

S. CARDINAL

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON KIA 0C6

sophie.cardinal@agr.ge.ca

J. GIBSON

Department of Integrative Biology

University of Guelph

Guelph,ON NIG 2W1

jfgibson@uoguelph.ca

B. SINCLAIR

Department of Biology

University of Western Ontario

London, ON N6A 5B7

bsincla7@uwo.ca

(2012-2014)

(2013-2015)

(2012-2014)

(2013-2015)

ESO Regional Rep to ESC: H. DOUGLAS

Canadian Food Inspection Agency

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON K1A 06C

douglash@inspection.ge.ca

Librarian: J. BRETT

Library, University of Guelph

Guelph, ON NIG 2W1

jimbrett@uoguelph.ca

Newsletter Editor: A. GRADISH

School of Environmental Science

University of Guelph, Guelph ON N1G 4Y2

agradish@uoguelph.ca

Student Representative: A. FREWIN

Integrated Biology, University of Guelph

Guelph, ON NIG 2W1

afrewin@uoguelph.ca

Website: M. JACKSON

School of Environmental Science

University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1

jackson@uoguelph.ca

JESO Editor: J. HUBER

Canadian National Collection of Insects

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave. Ottawa, ON,K1A 0C6

John. Huber@agr.ge.ca

Technical Editor: J. VICKRUCK

Dept. of Biological Sciences, Brock University

500 Glenridge Ave., St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1

jess.vickruck@brocku.ca

Associate Editors:

A. BENNETT

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa ON K1A 06C

N. CARTER

Engage Agro Corporation

1030 Gordon St., Guelph, ON, NIG 4X5

neilcarter@engageagro.com

J. SKEVINGTON

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre

960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6

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ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF ONTARIO

The Society founded in 1863, is the second oldest Entomological Society in North America

and among the nine oldest, existing entomological societies in the world. It serves as an

association of persons interested in entomology and is dedicated to the furtherance of

the science by holding meetings and publication of the Journal of the Entomological

Society of Ontario. The Journal publishes fully refereed scientific papers, and has a

world-wide circulation. The Society headquarters are at the University of Guelph. The

Society’s library is housed in the McLaughlin Library of the University and is available

to all members.

An annual fee of $30 provides membership in the Society, and the right to publish in the

Journal, and receive the Newsletter and the Journal. Students, amateurs and retired

entomologists within Canada can join free of charge but do not receive the Journal.

A World Wide Web home page for the Society is available at the following URL:

http://www.entsocont.ca

APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP

Please send your name, address (including postal code) and email address to:

Nicole McKenzie, Secretary, Entomological Society of Ontario

c/o Vista Centre, 1830 Bank Street, P.O. Box 83025 Ottawa, ON K1V 1A3

email: nicole mckenzie@hc-sc.ge.ca

NOTICE TO CONTRIBUTORS

Please refer to the Society web site (http://www.entsocont.ca) for current instructions to

authors. Please submit manuscripts electronically to the Scientific Editor

(john. huber@agr.gc.ca).

Journal of the Ent AMNH LIBRARY

society of Ontario Illi ill

American Museus of

100217430 —

History

Received on: 03-05-13

CONTENTS

I. FROM THE EDITOR (....cc0cccccc.ecbssensesseoscsvesconcacseosapaggessesrussensossacsezeysessusesscencvsersehsetaaeteT te tnnnam 1

Il. ARTICLES

R. M. TRIMBLE — Optimization of synthetic pheromone blend for use in monitoring

Choristoneura rosaceana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Niagara Penninsula, Ontario, apple

OF CHATS. .sccccccsssscsvnsveveocosevestsacestevsessapncuaccgssssnebeccuchsdctcesessebaceacsdelcesuncotssedt sotwteens teeseentceteene tt eeeEamnn 3-14

S. DENOMME-BROWN and G. W. OTIS — Status of Juniper Hairstreak (Callophrys gryneus)

populations in southwesterw) OnMtaniors..cicccccavscscccocssccsocsescseoceesecoreccsverccreseuacescesatenenaneninena” 107-114

Ill. NOTES

H. MURILLO, D. W. A. HUNT and S. L. VANLAERHOVEN — Larval parasitoids of the

Cabbage Looper, Trichoplusiani(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in field tomato crops in southwestern

ONG ATIO srr. csccsscceconescocuccesnssesecocseverteceucenesonneocedonestescearascnenseecstenesnptscseraettsnaet ect tat tt natant 115-119

J.H. KITS, J. HOLDENRIED and S. M. PAIERO — First Nearctic record of Camilla atrimana

(Diptera: Camillidae).......cceccsccoccsecccsscsocoteassacseaccecsorsocnecscnovesdeuacoetcoesnssvevenesseuresnieeteeee tant 121-124

J.T. HUBER and J. READ — First record of the Oriental Chestnut Gall Wasp, Dryocosmus

kuriphilus Yasumatsu (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) in Camada............ssssssesssessssssssessseess 125-128

IV. ESO OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2012-2013............s.scsscsssssssssssssssssessscesssseressesesensssensoss 129

V. ESO OFFICERS AND GOVERNORS 2011-2012............scssssssessessssssesseese inside front cover

VI FELLOWS OF THE ESO iiicssccsscasscccesssssaseocaseaceeceasancsucesscavenneuraceunsvareearers sere inside front cover

VII. APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP............c.scsccsssosscscscesconscassescsncvessoss inside back cover

VIM. NOTICE TO) CONTRIBUTORS riisnscccoccscccvscstasenestcvsncvasstcessenvereseneuraners inside back cover