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“G3 ARNOLD ARBORETUM

NOV 2 8 1988 VOLUME 78

Number 3

aI Our nal of the September, 1988

WASHINGTON

ACADEMY. SCIENCES

ISSN 0043-0439

Issued Quarterly

at Washington, D.C.

CONTENTS

BETTY J. MEGGERS and JACQUES DANON: Identification and Implica-

tions of a Hiatus in the Archeological Sequence on Marajo Island, Brazil ...

JULIUS IKENGA, SUZANNE COBB, NANCY J. BALTER, and IRVING

GRAY: The Effect of Cadmium Exposure on Metallothionein and Protein

Synthesis and Cell Proliferation in Human Lymphoblasts (RPMI 7666) .....

ATLEE L. STROUP and RONALD W. MANDERSCHEID: Male-Female

Admission Differentials in State Mental Hospitals, 1880-1980 .............

1988 Washington Academy of Sciences Membership Directory .............

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Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences,

Volume 78, Number 3, Pages 245-253, September 1988

Identification and

Implications of A Hiatus in the

Archeological Sequence on

Marajo Island, Brazil

Betty J. Meggers*

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20560

and

Jacques Danon

Observatorio Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

ABSTRACT

Thermoluminescence and carbon-14 dates define the durations of five successive ar-

cheological complexes or phases on the island of Maraj6, providing a chronology extending

from about 3400 B.P. to European contact at the mouth of the Amazon. A hiatus between

the end of the Mangueiras Phase about 2800 B.P. equates with a drastic decline in tree

pollen in a core obtained from Lago Arari on the eastern half of the island. Changed

environmental conditions would have reduced the suitability of the region for slash-and-

burn agriculture, as well as altered the wild food resources. The existence of similar

lacunae of comparable age in archeological sequences in other parts of the neotropical

lowlands suggests that population disruptions attributable to climatically induced subsist-

ence stress account for the farflung and disjunct distributions of cultural traits and lan-

guages.

The growing evidence that short-

term oscillations in climate correlate with

the rise and fall of civilizations, geograph-

ical expansions and displacements of

human groups, changes in population

density, and other historical phenomena

has led some historians and archeolo-

* To whom correspondence should be sent.

245

gists to suggest a causal relationship

Gp 8711S 10,18,19,20,31,39 In South America,

coincidences between climatic and de-

mographic changes during the Holocene

have been noted on the coast of Ecuador,’

in the Andean highlands,!°!!"*:'7 and in

Colombia,” to cite representative exam-

ples.

Climatic change has also been postu-

lated as the impetus for the population

246 BETTY J. MEGGERS AND JACQUES DANON

movements implied by the widespread

and disjunct distributions of cultural ele-

ments and language families in the neo-

tropical lowlands,****>8 but evidence

correlating local archeological sequences

with paleoenvironmental changes has

been lacking. The recent discovery of a

hiatus in the archeological sequence at the

mouth of the Amazon that coincides with

a vegetational change supports the hy-

pothesis.

The Archeological Sequence

Prior to 1948, the archeology of Marajé

Island at the mouth of the Amazon was

known only from museum collections.

These consisted mainly of large vessels

with elaborate painted and excised dec-

oration removed from earth mounds con-

structed by prehistoric inhabitants on the

r | 13%

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ANANATUBA

MANGUEIRAS

ARUA

FORMIGA

MARAJOARA

jj “FOREST

[___] SAVANNA

Oo 10 20 30 40 50 KM.

eastern half of the island (Fig. 1). Survey

on the north coast during 1948 revealed

sites representing four previously unrec-

ognized groups or phases, characterized

by smaller settlements and simpler pot-

tery.*’ Thirteen village sites were re-

corded, of which five were assigned to the

Ananatuba Phase (PA-JO-7,8,9,10,13),

one to the Mangueiras Phase (PA-JO-S5),

two to assimilation of Ananatuba Phase

villages by the Mangueiras Phase (PA-JO-

7,13), two to the Formiga Phase (PA-JO-

4,6), and two to the Arua Phase (PA-JO-

2/3,11). Similar reconnaissance a few

months later on the upper Rio Anajas in

the center of the island revealed another

site of the Mangueiras Phase (PA-JO-16),

as well as two groups of large mounds of

the previously reported Marajoara Phase

(PA-JO-14,15).

Subsequent investigations by Hilbert’

west of Lago Arari and on the upper Rio

; it

ed -7,8,9,10 yo

a8 t..

21

26

VY,

,

y

Fig. 1. Maraj6 Island, showing the distributions of the principal kinds of vegetation and the locations

of all known sites of the Ananatuba, Mangueiras, Formiga, and Arua phases.The Marajoara Phase is

represented by a sample of sites that define its geographical distribution.”

HIATUS IN THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ON MARAJO 247

Anajas produced two more sites of the

Ananatuba Phase (PA-JO-19,20), one of

the Mangueiras Phase (PA-JO-17), and

one of the Formiga Phase (PA-JO-18).

Survey east of Lago Arari by Simoes”

added 17 sites, including one of the An-

anatuba Phase exhibiting Mangueiras

Phase contact (PA-JO-26), four of the

Formiga Phase (PA-JO-29 ,30,32,33), and

12 of the Marajoara Phase.

Pottery from surface collections and

stratigraphic excavations in these sites

was classified into plain and decorated

types and their relative frequencies were

calculated. The trends of increasing or de-

creasing popularity of the various types

observed in the stratigraphic samples per-

mitted establishing a relative chronology

for each phase. In the absence of carbon-

14 determinations, the inception of the

Ananatuba Phase, the earliest in the rel-

ative sequence, was estimated after the

beginning of the Christian Era.”’ The

phases were inferred to be sequential and

to have replaced one another.

Carbon-14 Dates

Carbon-14 dates obtained subsequently

for two of the phases showed that the time

depth for the introduction of pottery mak-

ing had been drastically underestimated.

A level corresponding to the Ananatuba-

Mangueiras transition produced a date of

2930 B.P. + 200 years, implying that the

Ananatuba Phase began prior to this

time™ (Table 1).

Three dates from Marajoara Phase sites

extended from 1470 B.P. + 200 years to

1260 B.P. + 200 years. Two others were

rejected, one as too early to fit the relative

chronology (SI-202) and the other as too

recent (SI-200). Since the Marajoara

Phase sites are artificial mounds and occur

in the vicinity of sites and fields of earlier

phases, the SI-202 date may represent

earlier charcoal introduced during con-

struction. The recent date, 500 B.P. + 500

years, has so large a statistical error that

it is meaningless.

Thermoluminescence Dates

Additional dates were required to eval-

uate these results and to expand the ab-

solute chronology to the other three

phases. The availability of pottery frag-

ments from most of the excavations made

thermoluminescence an obvious tech-

nique for obtaining them. Thirty-six

potsherds were selected from 10 sites rep-

resenting all of the phases. Dating was

done at the Centre de Faibles Radioac-

tivités, Gif-sur-Yvette, using the fine-

grain method.’ Well reproducible ther-

moluminescence glow curves yielded

good plateau responses. Internal doses

were calculated from the concentrations

of U, Th, and K of the samples obtained

from gamma spectrometry measure-

ments. Environmental doses were eval-

uated from gamma spectrometry of soil

samples taken from Marajo Island. Errors

were calculated as described by Aitken

and Alldred,° and the overall accuracy of

the ages was estimated at about seven to

ten percent depending on the sample. It

should be noted that all ceramics from

Marajo are tempered with crushed sherd,

minimizing possible errors stemming

from differential composition.

Three Ananatuba Phase TL results are

slightly older than the uncalibrated car-

bon-14 determination, extending from

3410 B.P. + 300 to 3060 B.P. + 270 years,

but overlap when the plus/minus ranges

are considered (Table 1). Mangueiras

Phase occupations are superimposed on

those of the Ananatuba Phase at two

sites, one on the north coast (PA-JO-10)

and the other near the east coast (PA-JO-

26). The TL date of 3000 B.P. from the

transitional level at PA-JO-10 is close to

the carbon-14 date of 2930 B.P. + 200

years obtained for the transition at PA-

JO-26. The youngest TL date for the

Mangueiras Phase is 2870 B.P. + 190

years and corresponds to the abandon-

ment of the most recent site in the existing

seriated sequence for the phase.

The oldest date for the succeeding For-

miga Phase is 1940 B.P. + 230 years.

248 BETTY J. MEGGERS AND JACQUES DANON

Table 1.—Carbon-14 and thermoluminescence dates for phases in the archeological sequence on Marajé

Island. Parenthesis indicates acceptable only within the plus or minus range.

Date BP Span Lab. No. Site Phase

550 + 500 50-1050 SI-200 PA-JO-21 (Marajoara)

600 + LM Arua

630 + 70 560-700 TL-48 PA-JO-21 Marajoara

800 + TL-88 Arua

928 + 90 838-1018 TL-162 PA-JO-36 Marajoara

1000 + TL-140 Marajoara

bid 9 be em TL PA-JO-6 Formiga

1200 + TL PA-JO-6 Formiga

1200 + TL-160 Marajoara

1260 + 200 1060-1460 SI-199 PA-JO-21 Marajoara |

1340 + TL PA-JO-6 Formiga

1370 + 200 - 1170-1570 SI-387 PA-JO-36 Marajoara

1430 + Fit PA-JO-6 Formiga

1470 + 200 1270-1670 SI-386 PA-JO-36 Marajoara

1550 + 170 1380-1720 TL-120 PA-JO-30 Formiga

1570 > 175 1395-1745 TL-131 PA-JO-33 Formiga

1630 + 185 1445-1815 TL-130 PA-JO-33 Formiga

1660 + 188 1472-1848 TL-117 ~PA-JO-29 Formiga

1705 + 200 1505-1905 TL-126 PA-JO-32 Formiga

1730 + 200 1530-1930 TL-161 PA-JO-36 (Marajoara)

1853 + 204 1649-2057 TL-132 PA-JO-33 Formiga

1862 + 210 1652-2072 TL-127 PA-JO-32 Formiga

1940 + 230 1710-2170 TL-125 PA-JO-32 Formiga

2020 + 280 1740-2300 SI-202 PA-JO-21 (Marajoara)

(hiatus)

2870 + 190 2680-3060 TL-76 PA-JO-26 Mangueiras

2930 + 200 2730-3130 SI-385 PA-JO-26 Mangueiras

3000 + TL-47 PA-JO-10 Mangueiras

3012 + 200 2812-3212 TL-81 PA-JO-26 Mangueiras

3040 + 270 2770-3310 TL-69 PA-JO-26 Mangueiras

3060 + 270 2790-3330 TL-79 PA-JO-26 Ananatuba

313227205 2927-3337 TL-80 PA-JO-26 Ananatuba

3400 + TL-34 PA-JO-7 Ananatuba

3410 + 300 3110-3710 TL-78 PA-JO-26 Ananatuba

Eight samples from four sites between

Lago Arari and the east coast (PA-JO-

29 ,30,32,33) form a progression to 1550

B.P. + 170 years. Four samples from PA-

JO-6 extend from 1430 to 1113 B.P., over-

lapping the Marajoara Phase duration.

This site is on the north coast, outside the

area occupied by the Marajoara Phase,

allowing the possibility of coexistence. A

chronological overlap is also implied by

the presence of decorated sherds of Ma-

rajoara Phase origin in the upper levels

at PA-JO-6.”’

Three Marajoara Phase measurements,

ranging from 1200 B.P. + 200 to 928 B.P.

+ 90 years are compatible with the rela-

tive chronology and the carbon-14 deter-

minations. One appears too early at 1730

B.P. + 200 years but is within the plus/

minus range of the acceptable dates. The

most recent date, 630 B.P. + 70 years,

may mark the end of the Marajoara

Phase. The chronological overlap be-

tween the terminal Marajoara Phase TL

measurement of 630 B.P. + 70 years and

the initial Arua Phase TL measurement

of 800 B.P. is compatible with archeolog-

ical evidence for contact in the form of

Marajoara Phase pottery at an early Arua

Phase site on the island of Mexiana.”’

HIATUS IN THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ON MARAJO 249

Chronological Hiatus

There is a gap of some 800 years be-

tween the medians and 400 years between

the plus/minus durations of the terminal

TL date for the Mangueiras Phase and the

initial TL date for the Formiga Phase

(Table 1, Fig. 2). Although sampling

deficiencies may be responsible, several

considerations make this unlikely. First,

all sites known to the local population in

each region were examined regardless of

size and composition. Second, the non-

Marajoara Phase sites consist of relatively

small scatters of pottery fragments, few

of them decorated, making it improbable

that they would be encountered or re-

called more readily than sites of unre-

YEARS

(HIATUS )

corded phases. Third, the number of sites

representing the known phases makes it

difficult to believe that a phase lasting 500

to 900 years would not have been en-

countered. The Formiga, Marajoara, and

Arua phases, with estimated durations of

about 700 years, have the largest numbers

of recorded sites. The Ananatuba Phase,

with an estimated duration of about 400

years, is known from nine sites. Even the

Mangueiras Phase, which has dates span-

ning less than 200 years, is represented at

SIX sites.

Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction

A pollen profile obtained from Lago

Arari, in the vicinity of the archeological

Fig. 2. Comparison of the archeological sequence on Marajé Island with episodes of aridity since the

end of the Pleistocene inferred from pollen profiles. A hiatus of about 800 years between the end of the

Mangueiras Phase and the beginning of the Formiga Phase correlates with a dry interval between about

the same time. Broken lines indicate carbon-14 dates; solid lines, TL dates. TL dates with no plus-minus

ranges represent measurements for which average (internal and external) doses were used for calculating

ages. Unacceptable results on Table 1 are not included.

250 BETTY J. MEGGERS AND JACQUES DANON

sites, reveals dramatic changes in the

vegetation‘ (Fig. 3). A carbon-14 date of

2590 B.P. + 100 years (Beta-2289) iden-

tifies the portion of the sequence of in-

terest here. Tree pollen constituted some

70 percent of the sample earlier, but by

this date the proportion had declined to

about 30 percent. After an increase, it

continued to decline to about 15 percent

and the dominant vegetation consisted of

herbs and grasses. The dates and ecolog-

ical considerations make it likely that the

—<

ARARI LAKE

PARA STATE , BRAZIL

DEPTH IN

METRES BELOW

LAKE BOTTOM , 19 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

(HIATUS)

ETA 2289

2.590+100 BP

MANGUEIRAS — 8

BETA 4607

59702110 BP

BETA 4608

6300+140BP

BETA 4610

7350+ 100 BP

ie T | tsaaL sical seal SLE wu!

LEGEND

POLLEN DIAGRAM STRATIGR. COLUMN

rs,

TREES “<)] BROWNISH CLAY

1

= GRAMINEAE

re] SILTIC CLAY

GREY CLAY

° ° SANDY CLAY

Fig. 3. Pollen diagram from a core obtained in

Lago Arari showing fluctuations in arboreal vege-

tation and their estimated correlations with the in-

ceptions of the archeological phases. A carbon-14

date of 2590 B.P. + 100 years, obtained from a level

in which tree pollen was declining, falls within the

hiatus in the archeological sequence.‘

Ananatuba Phase arrived when forest was

dominant. The terminal Mangueiras

Phase date correlates with the increasing

abundance of grasses, which would have

diminished the possibilities for slash-and-

burn agriculture and affected the kinds

and abundances of many wild foods.

After an interval of uncertain duration,

forest pollen increases to about 40 per-

cent. The initial date of 1940 B.P. for the

Formiga Phase is compatible with evi-

dence from pollen studies elsewhere in

the lowlands for termination of this arid

interval about 2000 B.P.'*°35 Somewhat

later, tree pollen declines to about 30 per-

cent, increases again to about 38 percent,

and then declines to the present ratio of

about 10 percent (Fig. 3). The latter fre-

quency is comparable to what prevailed

during the earlier long interval and con-

ditions today may resemble those at that

time.

Elsewhere in the lowlands, more tran-

sitory arid episodes inferred from paly-

nological changes have been dated about

1500 B.P., 1200 B.P. and 700 B.P.!* The

first estimate coincides with the earliest

date for the Marajoara Phase and the last

with the arrival of the Arua Phase, sug-

gesting that climatic fluctuations may

have contributed to the population move-

ments implied by these intrusions.

Evidence from Other Regions

After encountering the hiatus in the

dates for the archeological sequence on

Maraj6, we examined other regions with

sufficiently large numbers of dates that

gaps were unlikely to reflect inadequate

sampling. A series of more than 90 car-

bon-14 and TL dates from sites on the

middle Orinoco in Venezuela (Fig. 4) ex-

hibits a similar hiatus between 2605 B.P.

+ 85 years (I-9519) and 1740 B.P. + 100

years (QC-323); a series of 24 dates from

the lower Orinoco has a hiatus between

2440 B.P. + 75 years (SI-865) and 1470

B.P. + 70 years (SI-864) interrupted by a

single date.*° At the opposite margin of

.

HIATUS IN THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SEQUENCE ON MARAJO 251

4

<

N

°

«

°

o

[R.S.]

RONQUIN

(Saladoid)

LA GRUTA

SOMBRA

WW

AWK

| UU

Fig. 4. Carbon-14 and thermoluminescence dates from archeological sites on the middle Orinoco, showing

a hiatus similar to that observed on Marajé.” Archeological sequences: 1,” 2,” 3,°” 4,°° 5.*° Arid periods:

1,523

Amazonia, on the llanos de Moxos of Bo-

livia, a sequence of 38 dates has a gap

between 2685 B.P. + 145 years (SI-5876)

and 1705 B.P. + 75 years (SI-4119). Dif-

ferences in the dates of inception and ter-

mination of the hiatus are to be expected,

given the large geographical separations

of the regions and their locations on op-

posite sides of the equator. All these re-

gions are now dominated by savanna and

unsuitable for agriculture.

Declines in density of settlements and

discontinuities have been reported during

this interval in other parts of the world.

Wendland and Bryson* identified glob-

ally synchronous environmental discon-

tinuities by comparing more than 800

carbon-14 dates and synchroneities in the

appearances and terminations of 155 cul-

tures based on some 3700 carbon-14

dates. The most significant discontinuities

occurred at 2760 B.P. in the botanic se-

quence and 2510 B.P. in the cultural se-

quence.

Tabulating densities of sites according

to the principal cultural periods from

Early Neolithic (5000 B.C.) through the

Iron Age (A.D. 1000) showed a decline

during the first millennium B.C. when

the weather was cooler and moister.® In

northwest India, the end of the Harrapan

Period coincides with the inception of an

interval of exceptionally low rainfall be-

tween about 3800 and 2000 B.P.”!

Conclusion

The coincidence between palynological

evidence for the replacement of forest by

grasses and herbs on Marajo Island and

archeological evidence for a hiatus in cul-

tural sequence between about 2700 and

2000 B.P. provides the first direct evi-

dence for the impact of climatic change

on the prehistoric inhabitants of lowland

South America. The proportion of grass

pollen today is comparable to that during

the arid episode, and 88 percent of the

eastern half of the island is now judged

unsuitable for agriculture.” Similar cli-

matic conditions in the past would have

reduced or eliminated food resources

available earlier. The prehistoric popula-

tion may have responded by abandoning

252

the island or by fragmenting into nuclear

families and subsisting as roving hunter-

gatherers, as surviving Amazonian tribes

such as the Kayap6o still do during part of

each year.” Either option would have left

a hiatus in the archeological record.

The existence of gaps of similar ages in

local archeological sequences on the

northern and southwestern margins of

Amazonia is compatible with the evi-

dence for climatic deterioration on a

global scale during the first millennium

B.C. The resulting subsistence stress

could have been resolved in several ways

and heterogeneous distributions of lan-

guages and cultures in Amazonia suggest

that emigration was a frequent option.

As more archeological and paleocli-

matological data become available, it-

should be possible to detect local

differences in the intensity of climatic

fluctuations and their effects on prehis-

toric human adaptation. These data are

not only relevant to understanding the

past; they are critical for designing suc-

cessful long-range programs of present

and future land use.

References Cited

1. Ab’Saber, A. N. 1982. The paleoclimate and

paleoecology of Brazilian Amazonia. In: Bio-

logical Diversification in the Tropics, G. T.

Prance, ed. Columbia University Press, New

York, pp. 41-59.

2. Absy, M. L. 1979. A palynological study of Hol-

ocene sediments in the Amazon Basin. PhD

Dissertation, Universiteit van Amsterdam.

3. Absy, M. L. 1982. Quaternary palynological

studies in the Amazon Basin. In: Biological Di-

versification in the Tropics, G. T. Prance, ‘ed.

Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 67-

J>:

4. Absy, M. L. 1985. Palynology of Amazonia: the

history of the forests as revealed by the paly-

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ford, pp. 72-82.

5. Aitken, M. J. and J. D. Alldred. 1976. The

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a

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oie

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Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences,

Volume 78, Number 3, Pages 254—258, September 1988

The Effect of Cadmium Exposure

on Metallothionein and Protein

Synthesis and Cell Proliferation in

Human Lymphoblasts (RPMI 7666)

Julius Ikenga, Suzanne Cobb, Nancy J. Balter and Irving Gray*

Department of Biology, Georgetown University,

Washington, D.C. 20057

ABSTRACT

The ability of a human lymphoblast line of cells, RPMI 7666 to synthesize metallothi-

onein (MT) has been investigated. It is apparent that the induction of MT by these cells

does not protect them from the inhibition of proliferation seen on exposure to cadmium.

While MT concentration in cadmium exposed cells is approximately 25 x , protein content

is increased only about 150%. However, cell number does increase in the cadmium exposed

cells but at a rate significantly less than that of the control lymphoblasts.

Introduction

Metallothionein (MT) is a low molec-

ular weight protein that is inducible by

transition state metals (Zn**, Cd*?,

Cu*?, and Hg*’).! After its synthesis, me-

tallothionein binds the inducing heavy

metal, suggesting that its synthesis may

either be a protective mechanism against

the toxicity of the heavy metal or it may

control metal absorption in the gut or reg-

ulate metal ion concentrations in the tis-

sues where they are stored.” Glucocorti-

coid hormones, in addition to heavy metals,

*To whom correspondence should be sent.

254

are known to induce metallothionein syn-

thesis in vivo in the liver and in vitro in

various culture systems.°

Recently it has been recognized that the

increasing concentration of trace metals

in the general environment, particularly

in the water supplies, has become a sig-

nificant problem.* The immunosuppres-

sive aspects of these trace metals have

been the subject of many studies in which

it has been shown that heavy metals in-

hibit normal immune functions.° Several

of these studies have evidence that cad-

mium suppresses antibody titres against

infectious diseases,° and that exposure to

cadmium enhances susceptibility to bac-

terial,’ viral,’ and protozoal infections.’

CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON METALLOTHIONEIN AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 255

To study the effects of cadmium on MT

and protein synthesis in human lympho-

blasts, the cell line RPMI 7666 was used.

This line was established from hemato-

poietic cells from two individuals with no

known malignant diseases. The RPMI 7666

line is characterized by primitive cells at

the lymphoblast and hemocytoblast stages.

Some cells have morphological staining

properties that combine those of imma-

ture lymphocytes and immature plasma

cells. The line also contains particles called

“Jeukovirus” which seem identical to those

found in cell lines with leukemia or Burk-

itt’s lymphoma. 20-50% of the cells in the

RPMI 7666 line contain cells that produce

immunoglobulins."

Materials and Methods

The RPMI 7666 cell line

The RPMI 7666 cell line was obtained

from American type Culture Collection,

Rockville, MD. The cells, as received were

immediately thawed in a water bath at

30°C and resuspended in a final solution

of cold RPMI 1640 with glutamine. The

cell suspension was then spun at 100 xg

for 6 minutes. The resulting pellet was

resuspended in the same medium at a con-

centration of 5 x 10° cells/ml. Ten ml

were placed in 75 ml culture flasks. These

cells were incubated for 3 days at 37°C in

a CO, incubator (5.0% CO, and 100%

humidity) when they were counted, washed

and resuspended in fresh final RPMI me-

dium at a concentration of 5 x 10° cells/

ml. The cells were grown for 3 day pe-

riods until they achieved stability; that is,

when cell viability (as measured with Try-

pan blue) remained at a relatively con-

stant level (80%).

The stabilized cells were removed from

the flasks, pelleted, and resuspended in a

cryomedium, made by adding, in order,

30 mls of final RPMI 1640, 10 mls fetal

calf serum, 1 mg/ml and 10 mls cold di-

methylsulfoxide. The cryomedium (pH

7.1-7.4) was filter sterilized and stored at

4°C. The cells in the cryomedium were

divided into 1.5 ml volumes in small

cryovials, frozen in liquid nitrogen after

a gradual takedown temperature at — 20°C

and — 80°C."

Each experiment was begun by remov-

ing one vial from the liquid nitrogen freezer

and immediately placing the tube in a

beaker of water at 30°C. The cells were

then resuspended in 3 mls cold final RPMI

medium, counted in a hemocytometer and

their viability determined using Trypan

blue. The cells were then centrifuged at

100 xg for 6 minutes. The pellet was re-

suspended in 3 mls of medium at a final

concentration of 10 x 10° cells/ml. The

cells were then plated in 75 ml flasks at 3

different concentrations to determine the

optimum growing concentration for this

cell line. The flasks were placed in the

incubator and the cells allowed to grow

for 3 days at 37°C. After 3 days, the cells

were removed from the incubator, counted

in a hemocytometer and their viability

measured using Trypan blue. It was de-

termined that the optimal condition for

culturing the RPMI 7666 line for exposure

to cadmium, would be 5 x 10° cells sus-

pended in 10 mls final RPMI medium for

a final concentration of 5 x 10° cells/ml.

These cells were grown and passed, as

above, every 3 days. The cells showed a

decrease in doubling time and an increase

in viability with each pass.

Exposure to Cadmium

After two weeks of culturing and pass-

ing every 3 days, the cells were exposed

to cadmium as follows: The cells were

counted, their viability determined and

the cells were pelleted (100 xg for 6 min-

utes) and resuspended in fresh medium

at a concentration of 5 x 10° cells/ml.

The cells were divided into 10 ml volumes

and placed into each of six, 75 ml flasks

(5 x 10° cells/flask). To three of these

flasks, 0.1 ml CdCl, in 0.9% NaCl was

added at a final concentration of 10 uM.

To the remaining 3 flasks, 0.1 ml 0.9%

256 JULIUS IKENGA ET AL.

saline solution was added. Another 10 ml

aliquot was taken from the stock cells and

centrifuged. The supernatant was dis-

carded and the pellet was placed in the

freezer for subsequent analysis along with

the CdCl, and NaCl treated cells. The NaCl

and CdCl, treated cells were incubated for

3 days at 37°C. The flasks were swirled

every 24 hours to redistribute the me-

dium. After the three day incubation pe-

riod, the cells were transferred to 15 ml

centrifuge tubes, counted, and their via-

bility determined. The cells were pel-

leted, the supernatant discarded and the

tubes placed in the freezer for subsequent

metallothionein and protein assays.

Sonication

The cell pellets were removed from the

freezer, thawed and resuspended in 2 mls

10 »M TRIS-HCI buffer, pH 7.6. The cells

were transferred to 15 ml plastic tubes and

sonicated for 60 pulses (output 5, pulse

50%) with a Branson sonicator. Complete

cell lysis was verified microscopically. The

sonicate was then transferred to micro-

fuge tubes (2 tubes/sample). The samples

were centrifuged at 10,000 xg for 5 min-

utes to remove all insoluble cell frag-

ments.

Metallothionein Assay

One ml of supernatant was removed

from each sample and transferred to a

clean microfuge tube for the MT assay.

The !’°Cd/hemoglobin method as de-

scribed by Eaton and Toal” was used. Du-

plicate 100 yl of supernatant following the

Eaton and Toal procedure, were taken

from each sample and placed into each of

two gamma counting vials. Radioactivity

present in each sample was determined in

the gamma counting spectrometer (Beck-

man, Model 5,500) with a counting error

of less than 3%. The amount of MT pres-

ent in each sample was determined by ex-

trapolating the unknowns on the MT stan-

dard curve. An MT standard was analyzed

with each set of samples. The remaining

portion of the supernatant was set aside

for subsequent protein analysis by the

Lowry method.”

Lowry Protein Assay

20 wl and 100 pl samples were taken

from each supernatant of the first centri-

fuged sample after sonication, for analysis

of total protein content by the Lowry

Method.” Bovine serum albumin was used

as standard.

Results

Many cell types have been shown to

produce MT under a variety of stimuli.”

It is apparent from the data summarized

in Table 1 that the RPMI 7666 lympho-

blast can also be induced to produce MT

following exposure to 10 ~M Cd’*. The

approximately 25 x increase in the MT/

10° cells is significant ( p < 0.05) and clearly

demonstrates the induction of this pro-

tein.

Table 1 also summarizes the data ob-

tained when the total protein content of

the cells was determined. The lympho-

blasts exposed to 10 .»M Cd’** for 72 hours

had a significant (P < 0.05) increase of

150% that of control cells. When fibro-

blasts are exposed to this concentration

of cadmium, protein synthesis as mea-

sured by radiolabelled amino acid uptake

was decreased. While the use of amino

acid uptake can measure the rate at which

translation may be occurring, it does not

Table 1.—Change in protein concentration, cell

growth and metallothionein content of lymphoblasts

in response to cadmium exposure.

Cadmium (2+) Concentration

Metallothionein 0.1154:0:2) Sing 221 a

wg/10° cells (7) (7)

Protein 218 + 76 315 + 82

ug/10° cells (7) (7)

Cell Number 29 + 20 7 + 13

x 10° (6) (6)

( ) = Number of samples

CADMIUM EXPOSURE ON METALLOTHIONEIN AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 257

necessarily measure the total amount of

protein present.

In previous experiments, we have re-

ported that 10 wM CdCl, results in a de-

crease in DNA synthesis.'* This condition

is reflected in the data also contained in

Table 1. It is clear that there has been an

increase in the number of lymphoblasts

from 5 x 10° to 29 x 10° in the control

cultures but only to 17 x 10° in the cad-

mium exposed cells. Thus, while cell pro-

liferation has continued, it does so at a

significantly lower rate in the cadmium

exposed cells. It would appear that cell

growth has continued but without cell di-

vision taking place at the same rate as in

the control cells.

Discussion

Several reports have suggested that MT

acts to prevent the cytotoxicity of heavy

metals.’ It is surprising, therefore, that

in these studies, the induction of MT has

little protective effect on cell prolifera-

tion. It has been our thesis that MT, as a

response to cell stress, may, in fact, mod-

ify the availability of biochemical factors

that modify enzyme activity. In recent re-

ports, we have shown that the activity of

lysyl oxidase, a Cu** requiring enzyme,

inhibited following cadmium exposure, can

be returned to full activity by the addition

of 1 wM CuCl, to the assay medium. We

have also reported that prolyl hydroxylase

had increased activity, probably due to

increased enzyme, following cadmium ex-

posure. In the same experiments, the

amount of lysyl oxidase appeared to have

been increased. These events were asso-

ciated with MT induction. It would thus

seem that the presence of MT may result

in a variety of changes depending on the

system being examined. Furthermore, the

protective effect of MT against heavy metal

toxicity can be modified by metabolic

changes, a result of the biochemical ac-

tivity of the MT molecule.

The cytotoxicity of 10 wM CdCl, is

readily seen in the decreased growth rate

of the lymphoblasts exposed to this con-

centration of cadmium. While the cells

continue to divide, the increase is signif-

icantly less than that of the control cells.

It is interesting to note that in the face of

decreased cell proliferation, the protein

concentration per 10° cells has increased.

In other studies 10 pM CdCl, can cause

a decrease in the incorporation of labeled

amino acids into protein, an indication of

a decrease in the rate of translation. We

have reported that cadmium will affect

RNA as well as DNA synthesis in lym-

phocytes.'® It would not be unreasonable

to expect that with decreased cell division

that there could be an accumulation of

protein in each cell as it grows. Other

investigators have reported that MT pro-

tects animals” or cells’ from the cytotox-

icity of heavy metals, in this case, cad-

mium. In the lymphoblasts studied here,

MT increases about 10 fold in the cad-

mium exposed cells. Yet this increase fails

to protect fully, the cells from the cyto-

toxicity of the cadmium. It is, of course,

reasonable to expect that the degree of

protection is a function of the concentra-

tion of MT in the cells. We have shown

in fibroblasts and lymphocytes the con-

centration of MT is a function of both the

concentration of cadmium and the time

of exposure. In the present case, the af-

fect of the cadmium on the transcription

and translation may have occurred before

protection by MT can be fully expressed.

In summary, actively metabolizing

lymphoblasts will respond to heavy metal,

Cd?*, exposure to produce MT accom-

panied by an increase concentration of

protein in the cell and a decrease in cell

proliferation.

References Cited

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in Metallothionein, pp. 1-378 Birkhauser. Basel.

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ence, 204, 176-177.

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JULIUS IKENGA

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York.

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resistance to Salmonella typhimurium. Science,

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duced by lead, cadmium and mercury. Am. J.

Vet. Res. 34, 1457-1458.

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1975. Influence of lead and cadmium on the

susceptibility of rats to bacterial challenge. Proc.

Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 150, 741-747.

. Gainer, J. H. 1977. Effects of heavy metals and

deficiency of zinc on mortality rates in mice in-

fected with encephalomyocarditis virus. Am. J.

Vet. Res. 38, 463-464.

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1975. Hexamitiasis in cadmium-exposed mice.

Arch. Environ. Health 30, 463-464.

Moore, G. E., Gerner, R. E. and Franklin,

H. A. 1967. Culture of Normal Leukocytes. The

Journal of the American Medical Association

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Eaton, D. L. and Toal, B. F. 1982. Evaluation

of the Cd/Hemoglobin Affinity Assay for the

rapid determination of metallothionein in bio-

logical tissues. Tox. App. Pharm. 66, 134-142.

Lowry, O. H., Rosenbrough, N. J., Farr,

A. L. and Randal, R. J. 1951. Protein mea-

surement with the folin phenol reagent. J. Biol.

Chem. 193, 77-83.

Oh, S. H., Deagan, J. T., Whanger, P. D. and

Wesig, P. H. 1978. Biological function of me-

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Andranovich, T., Balter, N. J. and Gray, I.

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Yoshikawa, H. and Ohta, H. 1982. Interaction

of metals and metallothionein in Biological Roles

of Metallothionein. E. C. Foulkes, ed. Elsevier/

North Holland. 1982.

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Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences,

Volume 78, Number 3, Pages 259-270, September 1988

Male—Female Admission

Differentials in State Mental

Hospitals, 1880-1980

Atlee L. Stroup, Ph.D.

Department of Sociology, The College of Wooster, Wooster, Ohio

and

Ronald W. Manderscheid, Ph.D.

National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Maryland

ABSTRACT

Many researchers postulate that women are more vulnerable to mental illness than

men, especially in highly industrialized societies. Point or period prevalence by sex can

only be ascertained by carefully designed community and institutional field projects. The

present study examines one aspect of this issue through analysis of admissions, by sex,

to State mental hospitals for the period 1880-1980. While the admissions sex ratios vary

somewhat over the decades, ratios show that males consistently outnumber females in

admissions for all periods examined. Furthermore, this differential has increased since

1950. Possible explanations for these trends are explored.

The legacy of epidemiological research

in mental health includes various attempts

to relate sociodemographic risk factors,

including sex, race, age, etc., to psychi-

atric disorder. Historically, Jarvis (1850)

was one of the first professionals to be-

come interested in the question of the

“comparative liability of males and fe-

males to insanity.’’ He first analyzed

scholarly opinion on the matter and found

no consistency emerging. He then ob-

tained admission and residency reports

from 250 hospitals for the insane located

in Northern Europe and America. Jarvis

found that, overall, men were more liable

259

to hospitalization than women, and as a

result more vulnerable to mental disor-

ders.

In recent popular writing and in the

professional mental health literature, it

has been commonly stated that women

are more vulnerable to mental health dif-

ficulties than are men, although a few re-

searchers are suggesting a decline in adult

sex differences in mental health problems

(McLanahan and Glass, 1985; Kessler and

McCrae, 1981). Women are reported to

be more susceptible to neuroses, depres-

sive disorders, and psychophysiological

disorders than men (Weissman and Kler-

260 ATLEE L. STROUP, Ph.D. AND RONALD W. MANDERSCHEID, Ph.D.

man, 1977; Kleinke et al., 1982). Distress

ranging from mild emotional problems to

phobias and fear of possible breakdown

is more often reported for females than

for males (Al-Issa, 1980; Belle, 1982). In-

ferences are usually based on utilization

data from public mental hospitals, private

mental hospitals, outpatient clinics, or on

community self-report survey data. Two

reports often cited are those by Chesler

(1972) and Gove and Tudor (1973). In the

book Women and Madness, Chesler states

that there is a consistently larger ‘‘female

involvement with psychiatry” in America

than is the case for men. Stressing inpa-

tient residency patterns, she states that

“between 1950 and 1968, 223,268 more

women than men (many of them old

women) were confined in State and county

hospitals” (1972: 120). This statement has

been widely quoted.

Gove and Tudor (1973) hold that since

1950 the evidence clearly points to a higher

female vulnerability in both treatment and

community study results, although they

admittedly use a limited definition of

mental illness. Kessler and McRae (1982;

1983) report a post war shift toward a

higher proportion of females to males in

the sex ratio of psychopathology, as evi-

denced by both findings from a national

survey on self-reported, psycho-physio-

logical stress and from results of normal

population studies of trends in attempted

suicide. The Dohrenwends (1976) suggest

that caution is in order, in that method-

ological differences between the pre-1950

and post-1950 studies make interpretation

difficult. ,

From Parsons and Bales (1955) to Gil-

ligan (1982), it is suggested that the roles

of women and men have differed in im-

portant ways. Women are trained to focus

on the socio-emotional realm and on in-

terpersonal relationships, while men are

socialized to focus on instrumental, task

and provider functions. This implies that

the sick role is more culturally acceptable

for women than for men. One can argue

from this stance, and writers such as Pa-

desky and Hammer (1981), and Coop-

erstock (1971) do, that women not only

more easily express feelings and emo-

tions, and admit to emotional difficulties,

but also seek out help more when feeling

distressed. Phillips and Segal (1969) found

that, when men and women have the same

level of physical symptoms, women report

more distress than men. Kessler et al.

(1981) report evidence that when women

and men indicate comparable feelings of

distress, the women are more inclined to

seek out psychiatric treatment than men.

Gove and Tudor (1973) examined re-

ports of research on sex roles in relation

to mental illness. They found that reports

differed in results depending on the time

period in which the research took place.

Those studies done previous to 1950 re-

ported higher rates of mental illness for

males. These studies tended to use treat-

ment data. On the other hand, Gove et

al. (1973) also found that in the post 1950

period reported rates of mental illness for

females were higher than for males in both

community studies and treatment statis-

tics.

As Kessler and McRae (1983) point out,

empirical research focusing on trends in

the relationship between gender and men-

tal health is scant. More definitive work

focusing on trends is suggested. Com-

munity surveys based on self-report data

are available for the post World War II

period, as is true of utilization records

from outpatient clinics. However, mental

hospital archival data provide the only

consistent source for the study of long-

term trends in utilization of mental health

services, and they will be used here. Com-

parable data by sex from treatment rec-

ords are available for the State mental

hospital system, but not consistently for

the private sector. In essence, the project

becomes a utilization study of State men-

tal hospital inpatient services over time,

by sex of clientele. This means that the

data set will be biased toward the inclu-

sion of the lower socioeconomic classes.

Rothman (1971) suggests that, from the

civil war period onward, the middle and

upper classes frowned on use of the State

MALE—FEMALE ADMISSION DIFFERENTIALS IN STATE MENTAL HOSPITALS 261

mental hospital system for their own

members. Nevertheless, the State mental

hospital system included the majority of

the long-term hospitalized mentally ill cases

in the United States until 1960. If one

excludes the Veteran’s Administration

system, in that year the State system in-

cluded 84 percent and private hospitals 16

percent of the regular long-term admis-

sions (NIMH, 1960). In spite of the de-

velopment and expansion of alternate

community services in the sixties and sev-

enties, the State mental hospital system

accounted for about 60 percent of all in-

patient days of care in 1975.

Framework

The State hospital setting provides a

sound base for the study of mental illness

trends over historical time periods. Con-

cerns with respect to differential help-

seeking motives, continuity of data, and

comparability of data can be dealt with

more directly than in other settings. Es-

tablished between 1840 and 1890 to re-

place inadequate local facilities, State

mental hospitals always reflected a con-

flict between social control and rehabili-

tation goals (Grob, 1983). Despite the

strenuous efforts by local leaders, many

hospitals eventually lapsed into control-

custodial institutions in the public eye, if

not in reality (Rothman, 1971). Under such

circumstances, self-help motives were often

overridden by fear of hospitalization for

most potential clients or their sponsors.

The negative stigma attached to the State

mental hospital was furthered by the local

commitment process. Traditionally, in-

dividuals who exhibited severely disor-

dered behavior according to local norms

were, when toleration limits were ex-

ceeded, informally and then legally pro-

cessed toward the State institution unless

an alternative could be provided (Perucci,

1980). Gove and Tudor (1973) suggest that

hospitalization in a State mental hospital

setting is usually initiated by someone other

than the defined patient. It should follow

that self-help motivation would be low,

and an excess of female admissions based

on differential help-seeking motives should

not induce the data bias it might in other

contexts.

The historical predominance of the State

mental hospital system in the treatment

of mental illness provides the most con-

sistent base of completed case records

available from any source. Reports on ad-

missions by sex are available for most five

year intervals since the 1880’s. The rec-

ords involve “‘official cases’”” which were

processed by the local governmental sys-

tem. Cases resulted from actions origi-

nally initiated by relatives or community

peers based on local or lay definitions of

mental illness rather than by psychiatric

processing and case definition (Hollings-

head and Redlich, 1958). This data set

does not suffer from the differences in

methodology that Dohrenwend and Doh-

renwend (1976) enumerate in reference

to field studies methods.

Data for this study were obtained from

reports by the U.S. Bureau of the Census,

the Public Health Service, and the Na-

tional Institute of Mental Health for the

1880-1980 period. Governmental efforts

to enumerate the mentally ill started with

the census of 1840 and have continued to

the present. The history of the National

Reporting Program for Mental Health

Statistics is detailed elsewhere in two re-

ports (Redick, Manderscheid, Witkin, and

Rosenstein, 1983; Stroup and Mander-

scheid, 1988). Specific data sources are

cited in the footnotes to Table 1. State

mental hospital data were separated from

those based on other treatment sources

as carefully as possible.

Admission data for State mental hos-

pitals used in the study are indicated in

Table 1, with column one specifying the

year, and columns two and three the num-

ber of admissions by sex. The ratio of

male admissions per 100 female admis-

sions is listed in column four. Since the

ratio of males to females in the U.S. total

262 ATLEE L. STROUP, Ph.D. AND RONALD W. MANDERSCHEID, Ph.D.

Table 1.—Number of admissions" by sex, male-female admissions ratio and admissions ratios per 100,000

population, State mental hospitals” United States, 1881 to 1980.

Male-Female

Year Male Female Ratio (100)°

1881 8,874 7,743 115

1885 12,153 9,455 129

1890 14,389 jh ere 128

1895 17,268 13,514 128

1900 21,408 19,435 110

1904 23,131 18,260 127

1910 30,008 23,444 128

1915 37,965 28,967 131

1922 42,570 30,493 140

1930 40,743, _ 32,709 140

1935 51,422 38,542 133

1940 62,307 47,812 130

1945 59,694 55,693 107

1950 79,992 66,646 120

1955 95,282 78,841 121

1960 120,961 99,655 121

1965 145,707 115,609 126

1970 274,761 184,762 149

1975 248,937 136,300 183

1980 239,400 129,649 185

Male per Female per Corrected

100,000 100,000 M-F ratio

34.6 S123 111

42.2 34.3 123

44.9 36.8 122

48.7 39.9 122

55.1 32:2 106

54.9 45.6 120

63.1 32.3 121

73.6 py Ml 125

FOZ 56.3 arpa

73.4 53.8 136

80.2 61.0 131

93.9 q2e7 129

65.2 79.7 107

105.9 87.5 121

116.2 94.7 123

135.4 109.1 124

152.4 117.1 130

274.0 176.6 155

239.9 124.6 193

217.6 111.3 196

“Admissions include admissions and readmissions; 1970 through 1980 data based on additions, which

include admissions, readmissions, and returns from long-term leave.

>In states such as Wisconsin where county hospitals are functionally equivalent to state sponsored ones,

county data have been included.

‘The population used in the calculation of the rates is based on Series A 23-28 Historical Statistics of

the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Part I. U.S. Bureau of the Census, Washington, DC, 1975;

and Annual Statistical Abstracts of the U.S. for 1975 and 1980.

Sources of this data:

1. 1881-1885: Census Report, Insane, Feebleminded, Deaf and Dumb, and Blind in the United States,

1890. Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1895.

2. 1890-1904: Census Report, Insane and Feebleminded in Hospitals and Institutions, 1904. Washington,

DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1906.

3. 1910: Census Report, Insane and Feebleminded in Institutions, 1910. Washington, DC, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1914.

4. 1915: Census Report, Statistical Directory of State Institutions for the Defective, Dependent and

Delinquent Classes, 1916. Washington, DC, U.S., Govt. Print. Off., 1919.

5. 1922: Census Report, Patients in Hospitals for Mental Disease, 1923. Washington, DC, U.S. Govt.

Print. Off., 1926.

. 1970: NIMH, Statistical Note 106.

Coo 4S] ON

. 1929-1965: NIMH, Patient in Mental Institutions.

. 1975: NIMH, Series CN No. 2. Characteristics of Admissions to Selected Mental Health Facilities:

1975. DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 81-1005. Washington, DC, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1981.

9. 1980: Unpublished data, Division of Biometry and Epidemiology, NIMH.

population has varied over the decades,

we have related admissions to their pop-

ulation base by sex for each year re-

ported. The rate of male admissions per

100,000 males is given in column five and

the rate of female admissions per 100,000

females is shown in column six. The male

rate per 100,000 is then compared with

the female rate per 100,000 in the form

of a male-female ratio with a base of 100,

by calculating column five/column six xX

100. The resulting male-female admission

ratio, shown in column seven is adjusted

for the number of each sex in the total

population for the respective year under

consideration.

MALE—FEMALE ADMISSION DIFFERENTIALS IN STATE MENTAL HOSPITALS 263

It is not possible to trace patient status

by diagnostic sub-category for this study,

since relevant data do not exist for the

earlier periods. However, it should be

noted that for the 1923-1980 period, di-

agnoses of major psychoses and neuroses

have been predominant. Sub-categories

characterized by “‘acting-out”’ behaviors,

including personality disorders and alco-

hol related syndromes, have been more

typically male related, with sub-cate-

gories suggesting depression or anxiety

more typically female-related. While the

relative distribution of clinical subcate-

gories has varied somewhat, there has been

reasonable continuity over the century.

Aggregate admission data without diag-

nostic subclassification will be used in this

paper.

Findings

As background to the analysis of the

1881-1980 data, it may be of interest to

review Jarvis’ 1850 findings and to ex-

amine briefly the method and results of

the special 1880 census survey. As part of

a total survey of admission to 250 Euro-

pean and American mental hospitals, Jar-

vis obtained records by sex for twenty-

one mental hospitals for the period 1820

to 1849. He found that the cumulative

male admissions were 13,473; female,

11,100. The American results were con-

gruent with those from northern Europe.

When Jarvis’ data are reanalyzed by fo-

cusing on the public mental hospitals only,

the results indicate 8,671 male and 6,969

female admissions. This represents a uti-

lization level of 124 males per 100 female

admissions for the 15 public mental hos-

pitals of that era.

The special census of 1880 is of interest.

For that census, a special agent of na-

tional reputation, Fredrick Vines, was

charged with collecting data on the “‘De-

fective, Dependent, and Delinquent’

Classes of the population. To collect this

special data, regular field enumerators

asked family heads to indicate insane

members of their households. These re-

turns were supplemented by reports from

nearly 100,000 physicians from all sec-

tions of the country. The survey included

both community and institutional data. The

results showed 91,959 mentally ill persons

in total, of whom 47,568 were females and

44,391 were males. As Vines noted, of

the total females 20,307, or 43 percent,

were hospitalized, while among the males,

a total of 20,635 or 46 percent were hos-

pitalized. These data show a tendency to

admit proportionately more males to State

mental hospital inpatient services.

From the 1880 census survey, one can

infer that there were 23,756 males and

27,261 females delineated by census count

who were defined as mentally ill but who

had not been hospitalized. From this pool

and any new incidence cases would the-

oretically emerge the new admissions for

1881. As can be seen in columns two and

three of the table, 8,874 males and 7,743

females were admitted to State mental

hospitals in 1881. The 8,874 males rep-

resent 37 percent of the pool of 23,756

non-hospitalized mentally ill males re-

ported in the 1880 census. The 7,743 fe-

males represent 28 percent of the pool of

27,761 non-hospitalized mentally ill fe-

males who were enumerated in the 1880

special census. Turning to column four of

Table 1, one notes that the ratio of male

to female admissions was 115 to 100 in

1881, a ratio slightly below the 124 Jarvis

found for the pre-1850 period. Except for

dropping back around 1900, this level re-

mained remarkably stable through World

War I. The level becomes slightly higher,

about 140, during the early twenties, and

then a steady decline begins, which con-

tinues through to the end of World War

II.

As discussed previously, the admissions

ratios shown in column seven have been

“corrected”’ by relating the admission

numbers by sex to their respective pop-

ulation bases in the United States. Males

outnumbered females from 1880 through

1945. Since 1946, females in the United

264 ATLEE L. STROUP, Ph.D. AND RONALD W. MANDERSCHEID, Ph.D.

States have consistently outnumbered

males. Correcting for the size of the pop-

ulation base by sex does not materially

affect the results as described above. From

the post Civil War era to the World War

II period, male State hospital admissions

were consistently higher than those of fe-

males, even correcting for the number of

each sex in the population at large.

Two features stand out in the 1950-1980

period. First, in no instance do female

admissions exceed those for males. Sec-

ond, the tendency toward a discrepancy

is more pronounced at the end of the pe-

riod than at the beginning. The year 1950

does seem to be natural break point, how-

ever, as has been suggested before by Gove

and Tudor (1973). Contrary to expecta-

tions based on the work of these authors,

nonetheless, the proportion of female ad-

missions to State mental hospitals go

steadily down after W.W. II. As we view

the total century of admission patterns, it

is clear that a general principle is at work.

In the United States, there has been a

consistent tendency, as measured by fifth

year data points for male State mental

hospital annual admissions to outnumber

female annual admissions. This general-

ization holds even when the admission to-

tals are adjusted to take into account pop-

ulation base by sex.

Discussion

The Setting

The function of the State hospital sys-

tem as a setting for treatment deserves

further consideration. Grob (1973),

Rothman (1971) and Horwitz (1977),

among others, provide thorough histori-

cal analyses. All are in agreement that

most early hospital superintendents be-

lieved in a positive, moral treatment ap-

proach, housed in a stable, ordered en-

vironment. For various reasons, early

expectations based on the concept of cur-

ability were not to be realized. Disillu-

sionment became a common feature of

administrative and staff attitudes. Finan-

cial pressures were common when State

legislative committees came to realize the

magnitude of expenditure output needed

to maintain the hospitals. By the 1880 pe-

riod, the state hospital as an institution

had become entrenched. However, a cus-

todial-control function rather than the

original rehabilitative theme predomi-

nated. Paupers and the immigrant insane,

especially those considered troublesome

and dangerous, were vulnerable to “‘in-

carceration.’’ This meant that the insti-

tution developed an image as a “dumping

ground for social undesireables,” and it

lost the support of the middle and upper

classes as far as utilization for their own

family members was concerned (Roth-

man, 1971).

Local Referral

Potential patients emerge in commu-

nities. How the lay process operates to

define individuals as mentally ill is not

well understood and needs further study.

The evidence is strong that community

stereotypical concepts of mental illness

exist in most if not all cultures. In studying

psychiatric labeling cross-culturally, Mur-

phy (1971:1028) suggests that “.. . al-

most everywhere a pattern composed of

hallucinations, delusions, disorientations,

and behavioral aberrations appears to

identify the idea of losing one’s mind. . . .”

Individuals exhibiting such symptoms are

viewed as potential sources of trouble, and

techniques for managing them emerge.

Lynch (1983) has recently documented a

series of accommodative practices which

family members and close associates use

as control mechanisms for interacting with

disturbed individuals. As he points out,

individuals ‘‘are committed to mental hos-

pitals after informal efforts to accom-

modate them in society fail.”” Mechanisms

used in accommodation include minimiz-

ing contact with the troublemaker, man-

MALE—FEMALE ADMISSION DIFFERENTIALS IN STATE MENTAL HOSPITALS 265

aging his/her actions, and attempting to

influence reactions of outsiders.

From certain perspectives, accommo-

dation practices mean that recognition of

need for assistance or treatment is de-

layed (Yarrow, 1955). Hollingshead and

Redlich (1958) found that, for families of

lower socioeconomic status, vigorous ef-

forts were made to delay recognition of

any need for counseling or hospitalization

in a mental facility. This delay in seeking

treatment not only complicated the even-

tual therapeutic process, but often meant

that intervention by the police was typi-

cally necessary to justify hospitalization.

For such families, defining the problem

as a behavioral-legal one rather than as a

medicopsychiatric issue was evidenced in

the original Yale study in 1958. That pol-

icy action is still involved in hospitaliza-

tion in recent times is often reported

(Glasscote, et al. 1975; Schwitzgebel, et

al. 1980).

Official procedures are instituted only

as a “‘last resort” when accommodation

practices are no longer functional. The

process whereby a change in accommo-

dation takes place and actions lead to in-

stitutionalization needs further delinea-

tion and study. Obviously, for those

hospitalized, some factors lead to the

emergence of a “tipping point’. Smith,

et al. (1963) suggest that, for their sample

of schizophrenic patients, actions defined

locally as “‘dangerous”’ built up to levels

that made moves toward hospitalization

seem virtually necessary.

A central issue here is that of family

dynamics. Acting out behaviors are very

disruptive, but behaviors indicating

moodiness or severe depression are also

disruptive in familial and local situations.

Either disorganized or depressive behav-

iors mean that normal routines are bro-

ken. The individual cannot carry on or

function in the regular role to which all

are accustomed. If disruption reaches a

certain perceived critical point, action is

finally taken (Goffman, 1971).

Until 1950, compulsion was a signifi-

cant factor in the commitment process in

the majority of cases. After formal com-

plaint, a hearing was held during which

the judge had to decide whether or not

the individual was legally insane. Typi-

cally, medical advice from one local phy-

sician was required. In most cases, tech-

nical criteria which emerged in the

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual II or III

could not have been used. This means

that lay, non-professional mental health

case definitional concepts were used as

criteria for judgment. For those cases

where it appeared to the local authorities

that a serious condition was involved,

hospitalization in a State facility had few

if any practical alternatives.

The late 1960’s and the 1970’s were to

bring positive changes in mental health

philosophy and approach. Deinstitution-

alization theory stressed the breakup of

the State hospital system, the transfer of

residents to the community, and the pre-

vention of admission or readmission to

institutions (Bachrach, 1976). Decentral-

ization of services and crisis intervention,

as against long term care, have been em-

phasized. Legal challenges to traditional

commitment have stressed and obtained

more emphasis on voluntary commit-

ment, due process standards in pre-com-

mitment hearings, and the possibility for

the patient of a treatment-oriented facility

providing the “‘least restrictive environ-

ment.” While progress toward these goals

has been uneven, significant changes have

been made in deinstitutionalizing pre-

vious populations and adding community

based services (Lamb, 1975). The goal of

“normalization” —of making life for a pa-

tient or expatient as regular as possible—

can hardly be challenged as an ideal ex-

planation.

The question still remains: Why do more

men than women appear on the admission

rolls if the total prospective pool size is

slightly tipped toward more females? So-

cietal reaction processes must be given

consideration. It is suggested by a number

of studies that men receive more negative

reactions than women for exhibiting the

same level of disturbance. Using hypo-

266 ATLEE L. STROUP, Ph.D. AND RONALD W. MANDERSCHEID, Ph.D.

thetical case descriptions, Phillips (1964)

found respondents consistently rejected

males more strongly than females. Fletcher

(1969) and Larson (1970) report similar

findings. Further Raskin et al. (1966) and

Cannon and Redick (1973) all report that

mentally ill males are hospitalized at an

earlier age than females. The studies sug-

gest that the difference is not due to a

timing of symptoms but rather to the se-

verity and rapidity of societal reaction to

the perceived psychotic behavior. As Gove

and Tudor (1973) and Windle et al. (1982)

point out, societal reaction pressures would

be exhibited most strongly where hospi-

talization is initiated by someone other

than the defined patient. Commitment to

the State mental hospital would seem to

meet that test better than most other in-

stances of utilization.

We suggest that the clientele of the State

hospital typically appeared for admission

as a result of a local sorting process dom-

inated by lay concepts and influence

(Dohrenwend, 1983). It would appear that,

as the mental health historians have sug-

gested, the control-custodial function of

the State hospital has historically been

stronger than that of rehabilitation. It

would follow further that—if disturbed

males have been perceived by the public

to be more difficult to accommodate lo-

cally than disturbed females—more of the

former would be processed into the State

mental hospital.

Recent Trends

The above analysis would seem to hold

well for the general historical tendency of

male domination in admissions, but how

is the recent continuation of the trend to

be explained? To do so, reference must

be made to both societal conditions and

to new potential patient populations. First,

developments in the commitment arena

deserve special attention. The focus of the

legal hearing is moving away from the

subjective definition of mental status or

psychopathology toward the specification

of behavioral acts or events (Stone, 1977;

Shah, 1975). The pivotal point emerging

is that of dangerousness to self or others

for involuntary patients. Courts are re-

ported to be insisting on clear and con-

vincing proof regarding dangerousness on

the part of the client, and physicians who

testify are asked to indicate the proba-

bility level of overt, dangerous acts taking

place in the future (Dix, 1980). The recent

stress on dangerousness and overt behav-

ior has pressured the physician to move

to a defensive medicine posture (Leben-

sohn, 1978). Certification for involuntary

commitment is less open to subsequent

legal challenge if overt, disruptive acts can

be specifically documented (Stone, 1977;

Stromberg, 1983). This change in legal

focus is apparently reflected in the trends

of involuntary commitments to State

mental hospitals. In 1972, involuntary ad-

mission were involved in 42 percent of the

cases (Meyer, 1974), and it was projected

that they would go to still lower levels

(Gove, 1980). But, by 1980, involuntary

admissions to the total State hospital sys-

tem involved 51 percent of the cases

(NIMH, 1984).

Meanwhile, in regard to client charac-

teristics, reports are emerging from var-

ious parts of the country suggesting the

development in the local community of a

new chronic, long-term patient popula-

tion. The statement by Schwartz and

Goldfinger (1981:480) will be quoted at

length, since it is rather typical.

‘““A subgroup of chronic mentally ill

persons who have had little or no state

hositalization and who are difficult to

engage in existing systems of commu-

nity care is emerging in major urban

areas. Observations made at a large

municipal general hospital indicate the

patients are typically young, more likely

to be male, and highly transient. They

have frequent interactions with emer-

gency psychiatric and crisis units. . . .

They are tyically unwilling to voluntar-

ily accept continuing care.”’

MALE—FEMALE ADMISSION DIFFERENTIALS IN STATE MENTAL HOSPITALS 267

Many individuals of this type are border-

line both socially and clinically. They tend

to engage in impulsive, self-destructive,

and, on occasion, aggressive behavior

which brings them to public attention. Not

being typical “‘criminals,” they are often

rejected by the criminal justice system and

required to relate to the mental health

system. Again, they appear and reappear

in various parts of the mental health ser-

vice system where they “present persist-

ent and frustrating problems” (Pepper et

al., 1981). Eventually, many such indi-

viduals appear at State hospital admission

centers (Belcher and Toomey, 1988).

Whether legally they are defined as in-

voluntary patients or not, they frequently

tend to be reluctant ones.

The emphasis in this paper is on ad-

missions rather than inpatient residency

data, but attention to the latter may be

important here. A recent NIMH study of

“chronic” State mental hospital inpa-

tients admitted between 1975 and 1978

found that males accounted for seventy-

five percent of the patients 24 years of age

or younger (Taube, et al., 1983). De Risi

and Vega (1983) describe the demo-

graphic characteristics emerging from two

recent surveys of California State mental

hospital resident patients. They report a

“population that is primarily of low so-

cioeconomic status, almost half of whom

have engaged in dangerous behavior and

one-third of whom are still considered

dangerous.” And further, “‘men in a low-

income bracket are more likely to be pa-

tients in State hospitals and to be treated

for severe psychoses, personality disor-

ders and alcohol problems.”’ Two-thirds

of the patients were male. In his follow-

up to the original Yale study, Mollica

(1983) reports that while, in the 1950’s,

males and females inpatient residents of

State hospitals were roughly equal, in 1978

two-thirds of the patients were male, most

of whom were of lower social status. Re-

flecting on recent inpatient trends, Taube

et al. (1983) were led to conclude that ‘“‘by

deinstitutionalizing large numbers of pa-

tients over the last two decades, we may

have once again made apparent our so-

cietal need to have a place to put individ-

uals who are deviant but who are not

criminals.”

It appears then that community pres-

sures to institutionalize disruptive indi-

viduals, who are often perceived to be

dangerous, are still very much in exist-

ence. The stress on dangerousness in re-

lation to mental illness has many negative

features. Bachrach (1979) suggests the

possibility that in the issue of dangerous-

ness “‘lies a substantial portion of the ex-

planation for the emotionalism and po-

larization surrounding the entire question

of deinstitutionalization.”’ If so, this, cou-

pled with court and media stress on dan-

gerous behavior of the mentally ill could

encourage negative latent attitudes to-

ward this population. The present writers

agree with Barton and Sanborn (1978 :317)

who hold that “‘only a few with serious

mental disorders are truly dangerous.”

Many members of the general public think

otherwise. Clearly, public education re-

garding adjustment patterns of the men-

tally ill as a total class, and their potential

for regular community living represents a

continuing challenge to the mental health

field.

Implications

For the modern mental health field, a

number of issues have emerged which fo-

cus on the State mental hospital system.

Many spokespersons have argued for out-

right, rapid abolition of the State hospital

concept as such (Okin, 1983). Others have

proposed a model treatment facility which

would involve a transformed hospital that

stressed a non-restrictive patient environ-

ment, short term inpatient care, outpa-

tient services and community follow-up

care (Miller, 1981; Stewart, 1975). Few

writers have held that a status quo or busi-

ness-as-usual approach is legitimate. The

modern mental health movement has in-

cluded a number of community oriented

268 ATLEE L. STROUP, Ph.D. AND RONALD W. MANDERSCHEID, Ph.D.

themes that have received general ac-

ceptance among both theorists and prac-

titioners. Included would be community

based care, availability of alternative types

of care, individualized and continuous care,

psychosocial as well as medic-biological

type service, involvement of the family in

the therepeutic process and mainstream-

ing of the individual client to the highest

degree possible (Lamb, 1983; Mechanic,

1975).

Without question this new community

orientation has led to a broadening of lo-

cal psychiatric services. Not only is the

base of service broader, the range and

types of offerings are greater (Thompson,

Bass, Witkin, 1982). This means that,

compared to previous periods, persons

across various age, socioeconomic, and

disability levels have greater availability

of choice. Enlarging and sustaining this

growth will be a challenge for the future.

Conclusions

Social resource and labeling theory

would suggest that females, being of lower

status and power, would be more vulner-

able to mental illness in terms of overall

prevalence. We have used this assumption

as a working hypothesis and turned to a

concern with differentials in sex-based

utilization of service, with a focus on State

mental hospital admissions. The issue of

“true prevalence’”’ by sex is still important

in terms of theory and practical need as-

sessment. More sophisticated approaches

combining epidemiological research and

service utilization in the same studies are

needed, and some NIMH research proj-

ects such as the Epidemiological Catch-

ment area program are moving in that

direction (Regier, 1980; Regier, et al,

1984).

Results from such projects would allow

intensive study of the interface between

the informal and formal delivery system.

The informal support system has func-

tioned traditionally without a high degree

of scientific, epidemiological knowledge

of the distribution of particular disorders.

Whether scientific feedback from field

study results will have a practical impact

on the informal support system remains a

problem to be researched. In the mean-

time informal processing will continue.

Informal societal processes and commu-

nity needs or perceived needs should be

taken into account by those concerned with

planning and delivery of mental health

services. Trends which are shown in this

paper suggest the continued existence of

societal pressure to move individuals, pri-

marily males, perceived as disruptive and

seriously mentally ill, toward a struc-

tured, controlled environmental setting.

Community education, further develop-

ment of community-based services, and

pertinent research are indicated.

References Cited

Al-Issa, Ihsan. 1980. The Psychopathology of Women.

Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall.

Bachrach, L. 1976. Deinstitutionalization: An An-

alytical Review and Sociological Perspective.

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Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences,

Volume 78, Number 3, Pages 271-290, September 1988

1988 Washington Academy of Sciences

Membership Directory

Alphabetical List of Members

A

ABATE, FRANK S. (Mr), Apt. 1, 5311

Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington,

DC 20015 (M)

ABDULNUR, SUHEIL F. (Dr), 5715

Glenwood Rd., Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

ABELSON, PHILIP H. (Dr), 4244 50th

-St., N.W., Washington, DC 20016 (F)

ABRAHAM, GEORGE, (Dr), 3107

Westover Dr., S.E., Washington, DC

20020 (F)

ABSOLON, KAREL B. (Dr), 11225

Huntover Dr., Rockville, MD 20852

(F)

ACHTER, MEYER R. (Dr), 417 5th St.,

S.E., Washington, DC 20003 (E)

ADAMS, ALAYNE A. (Dr), 8436 Rush-

ing Creek Ct., Springfield, VA 22153

(F)

ADAMS, CAROLINE L. (Dr), 242 N.

Granada St., Arlington, VA 22203 (E)

ADLER, VICTOR E. (Mr), 8540 Pine-

way Court, Laurel, MD 20707 (F)

AFFRONTI, LEWIS F. (Dr), Microbi-

ology, GWU School of Medicine, 2300

Eye St., N.W., Washington, DC 20037

(F)

AHEARN, ARTHUR J. (Dr), 9621 E.

Bexhill Dr., Kensington, MD 20895

(E)

ALDRIDGE, MARY H. (Dr), 3209 D

Sutton Place, N.W., Washington, DC

20016-3524 (F)

ALEXANDER, ALLEN L. (Dr), 4216

M = Member; F = Fellow; E = Emeritus Member;

L = Life Member or Fellow

Sleepy Hollow Rd., Annandale, VA

22003 (E)

ALEXANDER, BENJAMIN H. (Dr),

P.O. Box 41126 N.E., Washington, DC

20018 (F)

ALICATA, J. E. (Dr), 1434 Punahou St.,

#736, Honolulu, HI 96822 (E)

ALLEN, J. FRANCES (Dr), P.O. Box

284 (Meeker Hollow Rd.) Roxbury,

NY 12474-0284 (F)

ANDERSON, WENDELL L. (Mr), Ru-

ral Route #4, Box 4172, La Plata, MD

20646 (F)

ANDRUS, EDWARD D. (Mr), 2497 Pa-

tricia Ct., Falls Church, VA 22046 (M)

ARGAUER, ROBERT J. (Dr), 4208

Everett St., Kensington, MD 20895 (F)

ARONSON, CASPER J. (Mr), 3401 Ob-

eron St., Kensington, MD 20895 (E)

ARSEM, COLLINS (Mr), 10821 Admi-

rals Way, Potomac, MD 20854 (M)

ARVESON, PAUL T. (Mr), 10205 Folk

St., Silver Spring, MD 20902 (F)

AXELROD, JULIUS (Dr), LCB-M.H.

IRP-NIMH, Room 3A15A, Bldg. 36,

National Institute of Mental Health,

Bethesda, MD 20892 (F)

AXILROD, BENJAMIN M. (Dr), 9216

Edgewood Drive. Gaithersburg, MD

20877 (E)

B

BABB, DONALD F. (Dr), 1435 Fourth

St., S.W., Apartment B 712, Washing-

ton, DC 20024

BAILEY, R. CLIFTON (Dr), 6507 Di-

vine St., McLean, VA 22101 (LF)

272 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

BAKER, ARTHUR A. (Dr), 5201 West-

wood Dr., Bethesda, MD 20816 (E)

BAKER, LOUIS C. W. (Dr), Dept. of

Chemistry, Georgetown University,

Washington, DC 20057 (F)

BALLARD, LOWELL D. (Mr), 7823

Mineral Springs Dr., Gaithersburg,

MD 20877 (F)

BARBOUR, LARRY L. (Mr), Rural

Route 1, Box 492, Great Meadows, NJ

07838 (M)

BARTFELD, CHARLES I. (Dr), 6007

Kirby Road, Bethesda, MD 20817 (M)

BATAVIA, ANDREW I. (Mr), 700 Sev-

enth St., S.W., Washington, DC 20024

BAUMANN, ROBERT C. (Mr), 9308

Woodberry St., Seabrook, MD 20706

(F)

BEACH, LOUIS A. (Dr), 1200 Wayne-

wood Blvd., Alexandria, VA 22308 (F)

BECKER, DONALD A. (Mr), 13115

Dauphine Street, Silver Spring, MD

20906

BECKER, EDWIN D. (Dr), Bldg. 1,

Room 118, N.I.H. Bethesda, MD

20892 (F)

BECKMANN, ROBERT B. (Dr), 10218

Democracy Lane, Potomac, MD 20854

(F)

BEIJ, KARL HILDING, (Mr), (LF) De-

ceased

BEKEY, IVAN (Mr), 4624 Quarter

Charge Drive, Annandale, VA 22003

(F)

BENDER, MAURICE (Dr), 16518 N.E.

Second Place, Bellevue, WA 98008 (E)

BENESCH, WILLIAM M. (Dr), 4444

Linnean Ave., N.W., Washington, DC

20008 (LF) |

BENJAMIN, CHESTER R. (Dr), 315

Timberwood, Ave., Silver Spring, MD

20901 (E)

BENNETT, JOHN A. (Mr), 7405 Den-

ton Road, Bethesda, MD 20814 (F)

BENNETT, WILLARD H. (Dr), Box

8202, North Carolina State University,

Raleigh, NC 27695-8202 (E)

BENSON, WILLIAM M. (Dr), 636 Mas-

sachusetts Ave., N.E., Washington,

DC 20002 (F)

BERGMANN, OTTO (Dr), Dept. of

Physics, George Washington Univer-

sity, Washington, DC 20052 (F)

BERKSON, HAROLD (Dr), 12001

Whippoorwill Lane, Rockville, MD

20852 (M)

BERNSTEIN, BERNARD (Mr), Apart-

ment #608, 7420 Westlake Terrace,

Bethesda, MD 20817 (M)

BESTUL, ALDEN B. (Dr), 9400 Over-

lea Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

BETTS, ALLEN W. (Mr), 2510 South

Ivanhoe Place, Denver CO 80222 (M)

BHAGAT, SATINDAR M. (Prof), 112

Marine Terrace, Silver Spring, MD

20904 (F)

BICKLEY, WILLIAM E. (Dr), 6516

Fortieth Ave., University Park, Hyatts-

ville, MD 20782 (F)

BIRD, HERBERT R. (Prof), 5105 Sha-

wano Terrace, Madison, WI, 53705 (E)

BIRKS, LA VERNE S. (Mr), 11908

Ledgerock Court, Potomac, MD 20854

(F)

BISHOP, WILLIAM P. (Dr), 4916 But-

terworth Place, N.W., Washington, DC

20016 (F)

BLANCHARD, DAVID L. (Dr), 1015

McCeney Avenue, Silver Spring, MD

20901 (LF)

BLANK, CHARLES A. (Dr), Apt.

#173, 7085 46th Ave. West, Braden-

ton, FL 34210 (M)

BLOCH, CAROLYN C. (Mrs), P.O. Box

1889 Rockville, MD 20850 (M)

BLUNT, ROBERT F. (Dr), 5411 More-

land Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814 (F)

BOEK, JEAN K. (Dr), National Grad-

uate University, 1101 N. Highland

Street, Arlington, VA 22201 (LF)

BOEK, WALTER E. (Dr), 5011 Lowell

Street, Washington, DC 20016 (F)

BOGNER, M. SUE (Dr), 9322 Friars

Road, Bethesda, MD 20817 (LF)

BONEAU, C. ALAN (Dr), 5305 Waneta

Road, Bethesda, MD 20816 (F)

BORIS, JAY PAUL (Dr), 3516 Duff

Drive, Falls Church, VA 22041 (F)

BOTBOL, JOSEPH MOSES (Dr), 60

Curtis Street, Falmouth, MA, 02540

(F)

BOURGEOIS, LOUIS D. (Dr), 8701

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 273

Bradmoor Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

BOURGEOIS, MARIE J. (Dr), 8701

Bradmoor Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

BOWMAN, THOMAS E. (Dr), Smith-

sonian Institute Invertibrate Zoology,

NHB Mail Stop 163, Washington, DC

20560 (F)

BRADY, ROBERT F. JR (Dr), 706

Hope Lane, Gaithersburg, MD 20878

(F)

BRANCATO, EMANUEL L. (Dr),

7370 Hallmark Rd., Clarksville, MD

21029 (E)

BRANDEWIE, DONALD F. (Mr), 6811

Field Master Dr., Springfield, VA

22153 (F)

BRAUER, GERHARD M. (Dr), 7609

Maryknoll Ave., Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

BRENNER, ABNER (Dr), 7204 Poman-

der Lane, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 (F)

BRICKWEDDE, F. G. (Dr), 202 Alex-

ander Drive, Linwood, NJ 08221 (LF)

BRIER, GLENN W. (Mr), 1729 N. Har-

rison St., Arlington, VA 22205 (F)

BRISKMAN, ROBERT D. (Mr), 6728

Newbold Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

BROADHURST, MARTIN G. (Dr),

116 Ridge Rd., Box 163, Washington

Grove, MD 20880 (F)

BROMBACHER, W. G. (Dr), % Nancy

Engel, 2027 Lenwood Drive, SW.

Rochester, MN 55902 (E)

BROWN, BRICKMAN (Mr), 6811 Nes-

bitt Place, McLean, VA 22101 (M)

BROWN, ELISE A. B. (Dr), 6811 Nes-

bitt Place, McLean, VA 22101 (LF)

BROWN, THOMAS McP. (M.D) An-

derson Clinic Bldg., 2465 Army-Navy

Drive, Arlington, VA 22206 (F)

BRUCK, STEPHEN D. (Dr), 29 Forest

Landing Ct, Rockville, MD 20854-3925

(F)

BRYAN, MILTON M. (Mr), 3322 N.

Glebe Road, Arlington, VA 22207 (M)

BURAS, EDMUND M., JR (Mr), 824

Burnt Mills Ave., Silver Spring, MD

20901 (E)

BURK, DEAN (Dr), 4719 44th St.,

N.W., Washington, DC 20016 (E)

BUTTERMORE, DONALD O. (Mr),

1519 N. Utah St., Arlington, VA 22207

(LF)

Ge

CACERES, CESAR A. (Dr), 1759 Que

Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20009

CAHNMAN, HUGO N. (Mr), CASSO-

SOLAR Corp., P.O. Box 163, Po-

mona, NY 10970 (M)

CALDWELL, FRANK R. (Mr), 4821

47th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20016

(E)

CAMPBELL, LOWELL E. (Mr), 14000

Pond View Rd., Silver Spring, MD

20904 (F)

CANNON, EDWARD W. (Dr), 18023

134th Ave., Sun City West, AZ, 85375

(F)

CANTELO, WILLIAM W. (Dr), 11702

Wayneridge St., Fulton, MD 20759 (F)

CARROLL, WILLIAM R. (Dr), 4802

Broad Brook Dr., Bethesda, MD 20814

(E)

CARTER, HUGH (Dr), 158 N. Harrison

St., Princeton, NJ 08540 (E)

CASH, EDITH K. (Ms), 505 Clubhouse

Road, Binghamton, NY 13903 (E)

CAWELTI, STANLEY G. (Mr), 11621

Chapel Road, Clifton, VA 22024 (M)

CERRONI, MATTHEW J. (Mr), 12538

Browns Ferry Road, Herndon, VA

22070 (M)

CHAMBERS, RANDALL M. (Dr),

8646 Vernon Ave., Alexandria, VA

22309 (F)

CHAPLIN, HARVEY R., JR (Dr), 1561

Forest Villa Ln., McLean, VA 22101

(F)

CHAPMAN, ROBERT D. (Dr), 10976

Swansfield Rd., Columbia, MD 21044

(F)

CHEEK, CONRAD H. (Dr), 4334H St.,

S.E., Washington, DC 20019 (F)

CHEZEM, CURTIS, G. (Dr), 3378 Wis-

teria Street, Eugene, OR 97404 (F)

CHOUDARY, PRABHAKARA JV.

(Dr), 9000 Rockville, Pike, N.I.H. 36/

4A01 Bethesda, MD 20892-0001

274 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

CHRISTIANSEN, MERYL N. (Dr),

Chairman, U.S.D.A. Plant Physiology

Institute, Beltsville, MD 20705 (F)

CHURCH, LLOYD. E. (Dr), Tangle

Towers, Apt. 322, 4853 Cordell Ave.,

Bethesda, MD 20814 (F)

CIVEROLO, EDWIN L. (Dr), 12340

Shadetree Lane, Laurel, MD 20708 (F)

CLAIRE, CHARLES N. (Mr), 4403

14th. St., N.W., Washington, DC 20011

(F)

CLARK, GEORGE E., JR (Mr), 4022

N. Stafford St., Arlington, VA 22207

(F)

CLEVEN, ‘GALE W..:(Dr), (P.O; Box

998, Maggie Valley, NC 28751 (E)

CLIFF, RODGER A. (Dr), P.O. Box 15,

College Park, MD 20740 (M)

CLINE, THOMAS LYTTON (Dr),

13708 Sherwood Forest Dr., Silver

Spring, MD 20904 (F)

COATES, JOSEPH F. (Mr), 3738 Kan-

awha St., N.W., Washington, DC 20015

(F)

COFFEY, TIMOTHY P. (Dr), 976 Spen-

cer Rd., McLean, VA 22102 (F)

COLE, RALPH I. (Mr), 3705 S. George

Mason Drive, Apt. 1515 South Falls

Church, VA 22041 (F)

COLWELL, RITA R. (Dr), Dept. Mi-

crobiology, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742 (LF)

COMPTON, W. DALE (Dr), Ford Mo-

tor Company, P.O. Box 1603, Dear-

born, MI 48121 (F)

CONDELL, WILLIAM J., JR (Dr),

4511 Gretna Green, Bethesda, MD

20814 (F)

CONNELLY, EDWARD McD. (Mr),

1625 Autumnwood Dr., Reston, VA

22094 (F)

COOK, RICHARD K. (Dr), 4111 Bel

Pre Road, Rockville, MD 20853 (F)

COOPER, KENNETH W. (Dr), 4497 Pi-

cacho Drive, Riverside CA 92507 (E)

CORLISS, EDITH L. R. (Mrs), 2955 Al-

bemarle St., N.W., Washington, DC

20008 (F)

CORMACK, JOHN G. (Mr), 10263

Gainsborough Road, Potomac, MD

20854 (M)

COSTRELL, LOUIS (Mr), #621 Inter-

lachen Dr, Silver Spring, MD 20906 (F)

COTHERN, C. RICHARD (Dr), 4732

Merivale Road, Chevy Chase, MD

20815 (F)

COTTERILL, CARL H. (Mr), U.S. Bu-

reau of Mines, MS 5040, 2401 E St.,

N.W., Washington, DC 20241 (F)

CRAGOE, CARL S. (Mr), 6206 Single-

ton Place, West Bethesda, MD 20817

(E)

CRAIN, DARRELL C. (M.D), 6422

Garnett Drive, Chevy Chase, MD

20815 (F)

CREVELING, CYRUS R. (Dr), 4516

Amherst Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814

(F)

CRUM, JOHN K. (Dr), 1155 16th St.,

N.W., Washington, DC 20036 (F)

CULBERT, DOROTHY K. (Mrs), 109

Calle La Pena, Santa Fe, NM 87501 (E)

CURRAN, HAROLD R. (Dr), 3431 N.

Randolph St., Arlington, VA 22207 (E)

CURRIE, CHARLES Ley Sa7 (ir);

Georgetown University, Washington,

DC 20057 (F)

CURTIS, ROGER W. (Dr), 6308 Valley

Road, Bethesda, MD 20817 (E)

CUTKOSKY, ROBERT DALE (Mr),

19150 Roman Way, Gaithersburg, MD

20879 (F)

D

D’ANTONIO, WILLIAM V. (Dr),

Apartment 818, 3701 Connecticut

Ave., N.W., Washington, DC 20008

(F)

DAVIS, CHARLES M., JR (Dr), 8458

Portland Place, McLean, VA 22102

(M)

DAVIS, MARION MACLEAN (Dr),

Crosslands, Apt. 100, Kennett Square,

PA 19348 (L)

DAVIS, ROBERT E. (Dr), 1793 Roch-

ester St., Crofton, MD 21114 (F)

DAVISON, MARGARET C. (Mrs),

2928 26th St., North, Arlington, VA

22207 (M)

DAVISSON, JAMES W. (Dr), 400 Cedar

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 275

Ridge Road, Oxon Hill, MD 20745 (E)

DAWSON, ROY C. (Dr), 4019 Beech-

wood Road, Hyattsville, MD 20782 (E)

DAWSON, VICTOR C.D. (Dr), 9406

Curran Road, Silver Spring, MD 20901

(F)

DEAL, GEORGE E. (Dr), 6245 Park

Road, McLean, VA 22101 (F)

DeBERRY, MARIAN B. (Mrs), 3608

17th St., N.E., Washington, DC 20018

(E)

DeLANEY, WAYNE R. (Mr), 602 Oak

Street, Farmville, VA 23901-1118 (M)

DEMING, W. EDWARDS (Dr), 4924

Butterworth Place, Washington, DC

20016 (F)

DEMUTH, HAL P. (Cdr), 24 S. Wash-

ington St., Winchester, VA 22601 (F)

DENNIS, BERNARD K. (Mr), 915

Country Club Dr., Vienna, VA 22180

(F)

DEDRICK, ROBERT L. (Dr), 1633

Warner Ave., McLean, VA 22101 (F)

DESLATTES, RICHARD D. (Dr), 610

Aster Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

DEUTSCH, STANLEY (Dr), 7109 Lav-

erock Lane, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

DEVEY, GILBERT B. (Mr), 2801 New

Mexico Ave., N.W., Washington, DC

20007

DEVIN, CHARLES, JR (Dr), 629 Blos-

som Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 (M)

DeVOE, JAMES R. (Mr), 11708 Park-

ridge Dr., Gaithersburg, MD 20878 (F)

deWIT, ROLAND (Dr), 11812 Tifton

Dr., Rockville, MD 20854 (F)

DICKSON, GEORGE (Mr), 52 Orchard

Way North, Rockville, MD 20854 (F)

DIMOCK, DAVID A. (Mr), 4291 Moles-

worth Terr., Mt. Airy, MD 21771 (E)

DOCTOR, NORMAN (Mr), 6 Tegner

Court, Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

DOEPPNER, THOMAS W. (Col), 8323

Orange Court, Alexandria, VA 22309

(LF)

DONALDSON, EVA G. (Ms), 3941

Ames St., N.E., Washington, DC

20019 (F)

DONALDSON, JOHANNA B. (Mrs),

3020 N. Edison St., Arlington, VA

22207 (F)

DONNERT, HERMANN J. (Dr), Dept.

of Nuclear Engineering, Ward Hall,

Kansas State University, Manhattan,

KS 66506-7039 (F)

DOOLING, ROBERT J. (Dr), 4812

Mori Drive, Rockville, MD 20853 (F)

DOUGLAS, THOMAS B. (Dr), 3031

Sedgwick St., N.W., Washington, DC

20008 (E)

DRAEGER, HAROLD R. (Dr), 1201

North 4th St., Tucson, AZ 85705 (E)

DUBEY, SATYA D. (Dr), 7712 Groton

Road, West Bethesda, MD 20817 (E)

DUFFEY, DICK (Dr), Chem-Nuclear

Engineering Dept., University of

Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

(LF)

DUNCOMBE, RAYNOR L. (Dr), 1804

Vance Circle, Austin, TX 78701 (F)

DUKE, JAMES A. (Mr), 8210 Murphy

Road, Fulton, MD 20759 (F)

DUNKUM, WILLIAM W. (Dr), 1561

Pensacola St., Apt. 2306, Honolulu, HI

96822 (E)

DuPONT, JOHN ELEUTHERE (Mr),

P.O. Box 297, Newtown Square, PA

19073 (F)

DURIE, EDYTHE G. (Mrs), 3001 Lee-

field Drive, Herndon, VA 22071 (F)

E

EDDY, BERNICE E. (Dr), 6722 Selkirk

Court, Bethesda, MD 20817 (E)

EDINGER, STANLEY E. (Dr), 12000

Old Georgetown Rd., Apt. 404-N,

Rockville, MD 20852 (F)

EISENHART, CHURCHILL (Dr), 9629

Elrod Road, Kensington, MD 20895

(F)

EIJ-BISI, HAMED M. (Dr), 10410 Do-

minion Valley Drive, Fairfax Station,

VA 22039 (M)

ELISBERG, F. MARILYN (Mrs), 4008

Queen Mary Drive, Olney, MD 20832

(F)

ELLIOTT, F. E. (Dr), 7507 Grange Hall

Dr., Fort Washington, MD 20744 (E)

EMERSON, K. C. (Dr), 560 Boulder

Drive, Sanibel, FL 33957 (F)

276 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

ENDO, BURTON Y. (Dr), 9215 Wof-

ford Lane, College Park, MD 20740 (F)

ENGLAR, ROBERT JOHN (Mr), 3269

Catkin Ct., Marietta, GA 30066 (F)

ETTER, PAUL C. (Mr), 16609 Be-

thayres Rd., Rockville, MD 20855-

2043 (F)

ETZIONI, AMITAL (Dr), 335% How-

ard Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (F)

EVERSTINE, GORDON C. (Dr), 12020

Golden Twig Ct., Gaithersburg, MD

20878 (F)

EWERS, JOHN C. (Mr), 4432 26th Road

North, Arlington, VA 22207 (E)

F

FARMER, ROBERT F. III (Dr), 7 Jodie

Road, Framingham, MA 01701 (F)

FAULKNER, JOSEPH A. (Mr), 1007

Sligo Creek Pkwy., Takoma Park, MD

20912 (F)

FAUST, WILLIAM R. (Dr), 5907 Wal-

nut St., Temple Hills, MD 20748 (F)

FEARN, JAMES E. (Dr), 4446 Alabama

Ave., S.E., Washington, DC 20019 (F)

FEINGOLD, S. NORMAN (Dr), 9707

Singleton Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

FERRELL, RICHARD A. (Dr), De-

partment of Physics, University of

Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (F)

FILIPESCU, NICOLAE (Dr), 5020 Lit-

tle Falls Rd., Arlington, VA 22207 (F)

FINN, EDWARD J. (Dr), 4211 Oakridge

Lane, Chevy Chase, MD 20815 (F)

FISHER; JOELAL (D1) 4033 (Oley

Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 (M)

FLINN, DAVID R., (Dr), 8104 Bernard

Drive, Ft. Washington, MD 20744 (F)

FLORIN, ROLAND E. (Dr), 7407 Ce-

dar Ave., Takoma Park, MD 20912 (E)

FLYNN, JOSEPH H. (Dr), 5309 Iroquois

Road, Bethesda, MD 20816 (F)

FOCKLER, HERBERT H. (Mr), 10710

Lorain Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20901

(E)

FONER, SAMUEL N. (Dr), Applied

Physics Lab, JHU, 11100 Johns Hop-

kins Road, Laurel, MD 20707 (F)

FOOTE, RICHARD H. (Dr), Box 166,

Lake of the Woods, Locust Grove, VA

22508 (F)

FORZIATI, ALPHONSE F. (Dr), 15525

Prince Frederick Way, Silver Spring,

MD 20906 (F)

FORZIATI, FLORENCE H. (Dr),

15525 Prince Frederick Way, Silver

Spring, MD 20906 (F)

FOSTER, AUREL O. (Dr), 4613 Drex-

ell Road, College Park, MD 20740 (E)

FOURNIER, ROBERT O. (Dr), 108

Paloma Road, Portola Valley, CA

94025 (F)

FOWLER, WALTER B. (Mr), 9404 Un-

derwood St., Seabrook, MD 20706 (M)

FOX, DAVID W. (Dr), 136 Lind Hall,

University of Minnesota, 207 Church

Street, S.E. Minneapolis, MN 55455

(F)

FOX, WILLIAM B. (Dr), 1813 Edgehill

Drive, Alexandria, VA 22307 (F)

FRANKLIN, JUDE E. (Dr), 7 Sutton

Court, Upper Marlboro, MD 20772 (F)

FRANKLIN-RAMIREZ, LOUISE

(Ms), 2501 N. Florida St., Arlington,

VA 22207 (E)

FRAVEL, DEBORAH R. (Dr), Soil-

borne Diseases Laboratory, Room 275,

Bldg. 011A, BARC-West, Beltsville,

MD 20705 (F)

FREEMAN, ANDREW F. (Mr), 5012

33rd Street North, Arlington, VA

22207 (E)

FRIEDMAN, MOSHE (Dr), 4511 Yuma

Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20016

(F)

FRIESS, SEYMOUR L. (Dr), 6522 Lone

Oak Court, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

FRUSH, HARRIET L. (Dr), Apt. 104,

4912 New Hampshire Ave., N.W.,

Washington, DC 20011 (F)

FURUKAWA, GEORGE T. (Dr), 1712

Evelyn Drive, Rockville, MD 20852 (F)

FUSONIE, ALAN E. (Dr), 5611 Victo-

ria Lane, Sunderland, MD 20689 (F)

G

GAGE, WILLIAM W. (Dr), 10 Trafalgar

St., Rochester, NY 14619 (F)

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 277

GALASSO, GEORGE J. (Dr), 636 Cro-

cus Dr., Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

GALLER, SIDNEY R. (Dr), 6242

Woodcrest Ave., Baltimore, MD 21209

(E)

GANT, JAMES Q. JR. (Dr), 4349 Klin-

gle St., N.W., Washington, DC 20016

(M)

GARVIN, DAVID (Dr), Apt. 807, 18700

Walker’s Choice Rd., Gaithersburg,

MD 20879 (F)

GAUNAURD, GUILLERMO C. (Dr),

4807 Macon Rd., Rockville, MD 20852

(F)

GENTRY, JAMES W. (Prof), Chem-Nu-

clear Engineering Dept., University of

Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 (F)

GHAFFARI, ABOLGHASSEM (Dr),

7532 Royal Dominion Drive, West Be-

thesda, MD 20817 (LF)

GHOSE, RABINDRA NATH (Dr),

8167 Mulholland Terr., Los Angeles,

CA 90046 (F)

GILLASPIE, A. GRAVES, JR (Dr),

1834 Crofton Pkwy., Crofton, MD

21114 (F)

GIST, LEWIS A. (Dr), 1336 Locust

Road, N.W., Washington, DC 20012

(E)

GLASER, HAROLD (Dr), 1346 Bonita

St., Berkeley, CA 94709 (E)

GLASGOW, AUGUSTUS R., JR (Dr),

4116 Hamilton St., Hyattsville, MD

20781 (E)

GLUCKMAN, ALBERT G. (Mr), 11235

Oakleaf Dr., Apt. 1619, Silver Spring,

MD 20901 (F)

GLUCKSTERN, ROBERT L. (Dr),

10903 Wickshire Way, Rockville, MD

20852 (F)

GOFF, JAMES F. (Dr), 3405 34th Place,

N.W., Washington, DC 20016 (F)

GOLDEN, A. MORGAN (Mr), 9110

Drake Place, College Park, MD 20740

(F)

GOLDBERG, MICHAEL (Mr), 5823

Potomac Ave., N.W., Washington, DC

20016 (F)

GOLDSMITH, HERBERT (Dr), 238

Congressional Ln., Rockville, MD

20850 (M)

GOLUMBIC, CALVIN (Dr), 6000 High-

boro Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817 (E)

GONET, FRANK (Dr), 4007 N. Wood-

stock St., Arlington, VA 22207 (E)

GOODE, ROBERT J. (Mr), 2402 Keg-

wood Lane Bowie, MD 20715 (F)

GORDON, RUTH E. (Dr), Amer. Type

Culture Coll., 12301 Parklawn Drive,

Rockville, MD 20852 (E)

GRAY, IRVING (Dr), 9215 Quintana

Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

GREENOUGH, M. L. (Mr), Greenough

Data Associates, 616 Aster Boulevard,

Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

GREER, SANDRA C. (Dr), Chemistry

Department, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742 (F)

GRISAMORE, NELSON T. (Prof),

9536 E. Bexhill Dr., Kensington, MD

20895 (E)

GROSS, ROSALIND L. (Dr), 6302

Queens Chapel Rd., Hyattsville, MD

20782 (M)

GROSSLING, BERNARDO F. (Dr),

10903 Amherst Ave., Apt. 241, Silver

Spring, MD 20902 (F)

GRUNTFEST, IRVING (Dr), 1900

South Eads St., Apt. 1025, Arlington,

VA 22202 (F)

GURNEY, ASHLEY B. (Dr), Manor

Care Nursing Center, 550 S. Carlin

Spring Road, Arlington, VA 22204 (E)

H

HACSKAYLO, EDWARD (Dr), Gen-

eral Delivery, Port Republic, MD

20676 (F)

HAENNI, EDWARD O. (Dr), 7907

Glenbrook Road, Bethesda, MD 20814

(F)

HAGN, GEORGE N. (Mr), 4208 Sleepy

Hollow Road, Annandale, VA 22003

(M)

HAINES, KENNETH (Mr), 3542 N.

Delaware Street, Arlington, VA 22207

(F)

HALL, E. RAYMOND (Dr), 1637 West

Ninth St., Lawrence, KS 66044 (E)

HAMER, WALTER J. (Dr), 3028 Dog-

278 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

wood St., N.W., Washington, DC

20015 (E)

HAMMER, GUY S. III (Mr), 8902 Ew-

ing Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

HAMMER, JEAN H. (Mrs), 8902 Ewing

Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 (M)

HAMMER, MARK J., 59 Richwood

Ave., Morgantown, WV 26505 (M)

HAMMER, TERESA C. (Ms), 462 Ser-

vernside Drive, Severna Park, MD

21146-2216 (M)

HAND, CADET S., JR (Prof), Star

Route, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 (E)

HANEL, RUDOLPH A. (Dr), 31 Brink-

wood Road, Brookeville, MD 20833

(F)

HANIG, JOSEPH P. (Dr), 822 Eden

Court, Alexandria, VA 22308 (F)

HANSEN, LOUIS S. (Dr), Oral Pathol-

ogy, Room S-524, OM&D, University

of California, San Francisco, CA

94143-0424 (F)

HANSEN, MORRIS H. (Mr), 13532

Glen Mill Road, Rockville, MD 20850

(LF)

HARBECK, MARY B. (Mrs), 900

Windmill Lane, Silver Spring, MD

20904 (M)

HARR, JAMES W. (Mr), 9503 Nordic

Drive, Lanham, MD 20706 (M)

HARRINGTON, FRANCIS D. (Dr),

4600 Ocean Beach Blvd., Apt. 204, Co-

coa Beach, FL 32931 (F)

HARRINGTON, MARSHALL C. (Dr),

Apt. 334, 4545 Connecticut Ave.,

N.W., Washington, DC 20008 (E)

HARRIS, MILTON (Dr), 4201 Con-

necticut Ave., N.W., Apartment 610,

Washington, DC 20008 (F)

HARTLEY, JANET WILSON (Dr),

N.I.H., NIAID, Laboratory of Im-

munopathology, Bethesda, MD 20892

(F)

HARTMANN, GREGORY K. (Dr),

10701 Keswick St., Garrett Park, MD

20896 (E)

HARTZLER, MARY P. (Ms), Apt. 203,

1250 S. Washington St., Alexandria,

VA 22314 (M)

HASKINS, CARYL P. (Dr), Suite 810,

1545 18th St., N.W., Washington, DC

20037 (E)

HASS, GEORG H. (Mr), 7728 Lee Av-

enue, Alexandria, VA 22308 (F)

HAUPTMAN, HERBERT A. (Dr), The

Medical Foundation of Buffalo, Inc.,

33 High St., Buffalo, NY 14203-1196

(F)

HAYDEN, GEORGE A. (Dr), 1312

Juniper St., N.W., Washington, DC

20012 (E)

HEADLEY, ANNE RENOUF (PhD,

JD), Suite 330, The Metropolitan

Square, 655 15th St., N.W., Washing-

ton, DC 20005 (F)

HEIFFER, MELVIN H. (Dr), Whitehall

Apt. 701, 4977 Battery Lane, Be-

thesda, MD 20814 (F)

HENDERSON, EDWARD P. (Dr), 4600

Connecticut Ave., N.W., Washington,

DC 20008 (E)

HENNEBERRY, THOMAS J. (Dr),

1409 E. Northshore Dr., Tempe, AZ

85283 (F)

HERMACH, FRANCIS L. (Mr), 2415

Eccleston St., Silver Spring, MD 20902

(F)

HERMAN, ROBERT (Dr), 8434 Antero

Drive, Austin, TX 78759 (F)

HERSEY, JOHN B. (Mr), 923 Harriman

St., Great Falls, VA 22066 (M)

HEYDEN, FRANCIS J., S.J. (Dr), Ma-

nila Observatory, Soloar/Optical Div.

APO San Francisco 96528 (E)

HEYER, W. RONALD (Dr), Amphib-

ian and Reptile, N.H.B., Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, DC 20560

(F)

HIBBS, EUTHYMIA (Dr), 7302 Durbin

Terrace, Bethesda, MD 20817 (M)

HILLABRANT, WALTER J. (Dr), 1927

38th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20007

(M)

HILSENRATH, JOSEPH (Mr), 9603

Brunett Ave., Silver Spring, MD 20901

(F)

HOBBS, ROBERT B. (Dr), 7715 Old

Chester Road, Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

HOFFELD, J. TERRELL (Dr), 11307

Ashley Dr., Rockville, MD 20852-2403

(M)

HOGE, HAROLD J. (Dr), 5 Rice Spring

Lane, Wayland, MA 01778 (E)

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 279

HOLLIES, NORMAN R. S. (Dr), 9823

Singleton Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

HOLSHOUSER, WILLIAM L. (Mr),

P.O. Box 1475, Banner Elk, NC 28604

(F)

HONIG, JOHN G. (Dr), 7701 Glenmore

Spring Way, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

HOOVER, LARRY A. (Mr), Director,

MIS Gaston Co., P.O. Box 1578, 212

West Main Ave., Gastonia, NC 28053-

1578 (M)

HOPP, HENRY (Dr), 6604 Michaels

Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 (E)

HOPP, THEODORE H. (Mr), Bldg.

220, Room A127, National Bureau of

Standards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899

(M)

HOPPS, HOPE E. (Mrs), 1762 Overlook

Dr., Silver Spring, MD 20903 (E)

HORNSTEIN, IRWIN (Dr), 5920 Bryn

Mawr Road, College Park, MD 20740

(E)

HOROWITZ, EMANUEL (Dr), 14100

Northgate Dr., Silver Spring, MD

20906 (F)

HOWARD, DARLENE V. (Dr), De-

partment of Psychology, Georgetown

University, Washington, DC 20057 (F)

HOWARD, JAMES H. (Dr), 3701 Cum-

berland St., N.W., Washington, DC

20016 (F)

HOWELL, BARBARA F. (Dr), 206

Baybourne Dr., Arnold, MD 21012 (F)

HUANG, KUN-YEN (Dr), 1445 Laurel

Hill Rd., Vienna, VA 22180 (F)

HUDSON, COLIN M. (Dr), 143 S. Wild-

flower Rd., Asheville, NC 28804 (E)

HUGH, RUDOLPH (Dr), Microbiology

Department, GWU Medical School,

2300 Eye St., N.W., Washington, DC

20037 (F)

HUHEEY, JAMES E. (Dr), Chemistry

Department, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742 (LF)

HUMMEL, LANI S. (Ms), 9312 Fair-

haven Ave., Upper Marlboro, MD

20772 (M)

HUNTER, RICHARD S. (Mr), 1703

Son Ridge Rd., McLean, VA 22101

E)

HUNTER, WILLIAM R. (Mr), 6705 Ca-

neel Ct., Springfield, VA 22152 (F)

HURDLE, BURTON G. (Mr), 6222

Berkeley Road, Alexandria, VA 22307

(F)

HURTT, WOODLAND (Dr), Dynamac

Corporation, 11140 Rockville Pike,

Rockville 20852 (M)

HUTTON, GEORGE L. (Mr), Box

2055, South U.S. 421, Zionsville, IN,

46077 (E)

I

IRVING, GEORGE W., JR (Dr), 4836

Langdrum Lane, Chevy Chase, MD

20815 (LF)

IRWIN, GEORGE R. (Dr), 7306 Ed-

monston Rd., College Park, MD 20740

(F)

ISBELL, HORACE S. (Dr), 3401 38th

St., N.W. Apt. 216, Washington, DC

20016 (F)

ISENSTEIN, ROBERT S. (Dr), 11710

Caverly Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705

(M)

J

JACKSON, DAVID J. (Dr), 905 Not-

tingham Road, 2B, Baltimore, MD

21229 (F)

JACKSON, JO-ANNE A. (Dr), 4412 In-

dependence St., Rockville, MD 20853

(LF)

JACOBS, WOODROW C. (Dr), 234

Ocean Palm Drive, Flagler Beach, FL

32036 (E)

JACOX, MARILYN E. (Dr), 10203

Kindly Court, Gaithersburg, MD 20879

(F)

JAROSEWICH, EUGENE (Mr), Min-

eral Sciences, MRC 119, Smithsonian

Institution, Washington, DC 20560 (M)

JEN, CHIH K. (Dr), 10203 Lariston

Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20903 (E)

JENSEN, ARTHUR S. (Dr), Westing-

house D & E Center, Box 1521, Bal-

timore, MD 21203 (F)

JERNIGAN, ROBERT W. (Dr), 14805

Clavel Street, Rockville, MD 20853 (F)

280

JESSUP, STUART D. (Dr), 746 N.

Emerson St., Arlington, VA 22203 (F)

JOHNSON, DANIEL P. (Dr), P.O. Box

359, Folly Beach, SC 29439 (E)

JOHNSON, EDGAR M. (Dr), 5315

Renaissance Court Burke, VA 22015

(LF)

JOHNSON, PHYLLIS T. (Dr), 4721

East Harbor Drive, Friday Harbor,

WA 98250 (F)

JONES, HOWARD S., JR (Dr), 3001

Veasey Terrace, N.W., Apartment

1310 Washington, DC 20008 (F)

JONG, SHUNG-CHANG (Dr), Ameri-

can Type Culture Collection, 12301

Parklawn Drive Rockville, MD 20852

(F)

JORDAN, GARY BLAKE (Dr), 13392

Fallen Leaf Road, POWAY, CA 92064

(LM)

K

KAISER, HANS E. (Dr), 433 Southwest

Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20901 (M)

KANTOR, GIDEON (Mr), 10702 Ken-

ilworth Ave., Garrett Park, MD 20896-

0553 (M)

KAPER, JACOBUS M. (Dr), 115

Hedgewood Drive, Greenbelt, MD

20770 (F)

KAPETANAKOS, C. A. (Dr), 4601

North Park Ave., Apt. 921, Chevy

Chase, MD 20815 (F)

KARP, SHERMAN (Dr), 10205 Coun-

selman Road, Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

KARR, PHILLIP R. (Dr), 5507 Calle De

Arboles, Torrance, CA 90505 (E)

KAUFMAN, H. PAUL (Lt. Col), P.O.

Box 1135, Fedhaven, FL 33854-1135

(E)

KAZYAK, KRISTIN R. (Ms), 1320

Monroe Street, N.E., Washington, DC

20017 (M)

KEARNEY, PHILIP C. (Dr), 8416

Shears Court, Laurel, MD 20707 (F)

KEISER, BERNHARD E. (Dr), 2046

Carrhill Road, Vienna, VA 22180 (F)

KESSLER, KARL G. (Dr), 5927 Annis-

ton Road, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

KEULEGAN, GARBIS H. (Dr), 215

Buena Vista Dr., Vicksburg, MS 39180

(F)

KIRK, KENNETH L. (Dr), National In-

stitutes of Health, Bldg. 8A, B1A02,

Bethesda, MD 20892 (F)

KLEBANOFF, PHILIP S. (Mr), 6412

Tone Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 (E)

KLINGSBERG, CYRUS (Dr), 1318

Deerfield Drive, State College, PA

16803 (F)

KLINMAN, DENNIS MARC (Dr),

10401 Grosvenor Place, Suite #725,

Rockville, MD 20852 (F)

KNOX, ARTHUR S. (Mr), 2008 Colum-

bia Road, N.W., Washington, DC

20009 (M)

KNUTSON, LLOYD V. (Dr), Room 001

Bldg. 003, Agri. Research Center,

Beltsville, MD 20705 (F)

KRAMER, CAROLYN M. (Dr),

B.R.A.D., The Gillette Company, Gil-

lette Park 5G-2, Boston, MA 02106 (F)

KROP, STEPHEN (Dr), 7908 Birnam

Wood Drive, McLean, VA 22102 (F)

KRUGER, JEROME (Dr), 619 Warfield

Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

KRUPSAW, MARYLIN (Mrs), 10208

Windsor View Dr., Potomac, MD

20854 (LF)

IW

LANG, MARTHA E. C. (Mrs), Apt.

625, Kennedy-Warren, 3133 Connect-

icut Ave., N.W., Washington, DC

20008 (E)

LANGSTON, JOANN H. (Ms), 14514

Faraday Drive, Rockville, MD 20853

(F)

LAPHAM, EVAN G. (Mr), 2242 S.E.

28th Street, Cape Coral, FL 33904 (E)

LAWSON, ROGER H. (Dr), 4912 Ridge-

view Lane, Bowie, MD 20715 (F)

LEE, MARK A. (Mr), 5539 Columbia

Pike, Apt. 407, Arlington, VA 22204

(M)

LEE, RICHARD H. (Dr), 5 Angola By

The Bay, Lewes, DE 19958 (E)

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 281

LEFTWICH, STANLEY G. (Dr), 3909

Belle Rive Terrace, Alexandria, VA

22309 (F)

LEIBOWITZ, LAWRENCE M. (Dr),

3903 Laro Court, Fairfax, VA 22031 (F)

LEINER, ALAN L. (Mr), Apt. 635, 850

Webster St., Palo Alto, CA 94301 (E)

LEJINS, PETER P. (Dr), 7114 Eversfield

Dr., College Heights Estates, Hyatts-

ville, MD 20782 (F)

LENTZ, PAUL LEWIS (Dr), 5 Orange

Court, Greenbelt, MD 20770 (F)

LESSOFF, HOWARD (Mr), Code 6820,

Naval Research Laboratory, Washing-

ton, DC 20375-5000 (F)

LETTIERI, THOMAS R. (Mr), 19922

Buhrstone Drive, Gaithersburg, MD

20879 (M)

LEVINSON, NANETTE S. (Dr), CTA-

Hurst 206, American University,

Washington, DC 20016 (M)

LEVY, SAMUEL (Mr), 2279 Preisman

Dr., Schenectady, NY 12309 (E)

LEWIS, A. D. PE (Mr), Central Mar-

keting, 3476 Mount Burnside Way,

Woodbridge,

LEY, HERBERT L. (M.D), 1160 Rock-

ville Pike, #208 P.O. Box 2047, Rock-

ville, MD 20852 (F)

LIEBLEIN, JULIUS (Dr), 1621 East Jef-

ferson St., Rockville, MD 20852 (E)

LIEBOWITZ, HAROLD (Dr), Dean,

School of Engineering and Applied Sci-

ence, George Washington Univ.,

Washington, DC 20052 (F)

LINDSEY, IRVING (Mr), 202 E. AI-

exandria Ave., Alexandria, VA 22302

(E)

LING, LEE (Mr), 1608 Belvoir Drive,

Los Altos, CA 94022 (E)

LINK, CONRAD B. (Dr), Horticulture

Department, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742 (F)

LIST, ROBERT J. (Mr), 1123 Francis

Hammond Pkwy., Alexandria, VA

22302 (E)

LOCKARD, J. DAVID (Dr), Botany

Department, University of Maryland,

College Park, MD 20742 (F)

LOEBENSTEIN, W. V. (Dr), 8501 Sun-

dale Dr., Silver Spring, MD 20910 (LF)

LONG, BETTY JANE (Mrs), 416 Riv-

erbend Rd., Ft. Washington, MD

20744 (F)

LORING, BLAKE M. (Dr), 26889 Lan-

cia Street, Moreno Valley, CA 92388-

4843 (E)

LUSTIG, ERNEST (Dr), Rossittenweg

10, D-3340 Wolfenbuttel, West Ger-

many, (F)

LYONS, JOHN W. (Dr), 7430 Woodville

Road, Mt. Airy, MD 21771 (F)

M

MacDONELL, MICHAEL T. (Dr),

12628 Robison Blvd., Poway, CA

92064 (F)

MADDEN, JEREMIAH P. (Mr), God-

dard Space Flight Center, Code 403

Greenbelt, MD 20771 (F)

MADDEN, ROBERT P. (Dr), A-251

Physics Bldg., National Bureau of Stan-

dards, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 (F)

MAIENTHAL, MILLARD (Dr), 10116

Bevern Lane, Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

MALONE, THOMAS B. (Dr), 6633

Kennedy Lane, Falls Church, VA

22042 (F)

MANDERSCHEID, RONALD W.

(Dr), 10837 Admirals Way, Potomac,

MD 20854-1232 (F)

MARCUS, MARVIN (Dr), 2937 Ken-

more Place, Santa Barbara, CA 93105

(F)

MARTIN, EDWARD J., PE. (Dr), 7721

Dew Wood Dr., Derwood, MD 20855

(F)

MARTIN, JOHN H. (Dr), Apt. 205, 440

N.W., Elks Dr., Corvallis, OR 97330-

3749 (E)

MARTIN, ROBERT H. (Mr), 2257 N.

Nottingham St., Arlington, VA 22205

(E)

MARTIN, ROY E. (Mr), National Fish-

eries Institute, #580, 2000 M Street,

N.W., Washington, DC 20036 (F)

MASON, HENRY LEA (Dr), 7008

Meadow Lane, Chevy Chase, MD

20815 (F)

MATLACK, MARION B. (Dr), 4318

282 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

North Pershing Dr., Apt. 2, Arlington,

VA 22203 (E)

MAYOR, JOHN R. (Dr), 3308 Solomons

Court, Silver Spring, MD 20906 (F)

McAVOY, THOMAS J. (Dr), Chem-Nu-

clear Engineering Department, Uni-

versity of Maryland, College Park, MD

20742 (F)

McBRIDE, GORDON W. (Mr), 3323

Stuyvesant Place, N.W., Washington,

DC 20015-2454 (E)

McCARRICK, ANNE K. (Dr), 1647

Winding Waye Lane, Silver Spring,

MD 20902 (F)

McCONNELL, DUDLEY G. (Dr), 926

Clintwood Dr., Silver Spring, MD

20902 (F)

McCRACKEN, ROBERT H. (Mr), 5120

Newport Ave., Bethesda, MD 20816

(LF)

McKENZIE, LAWSON M. (Mr), 1719

North Troy, #394 Arlington, VA 22201

(F)

McKINSTRY, PATRICIA A. (Ms),

11671 Gilman Lane, Herndon, VA

22070-2420 (M)

McNESBY, JAMES R. (Dr), 13308 Val-

ley Drive, Rockville, MD 20850 (E)

McPHERSON, ARCHIBALD T. (Dr),

(LF) Deceased

MEADE, BUFORD K. (Mr), 5903 Mt.

Eagle Dr., Apt. 404, Alexandria, VA

22303-2523 (F)

MEARS, FLORENCE M. (Dr), 8004

Hampden Lane, Bethesda, MD 20814

(E)

MEARS, THOMAS W. (Mr), 2809 Hath-

away Terrace, Wheaton, MD 20906 (F)

MEBS, RUSSELL W. (Dr), 6620 32nd

Street North, Arlington, VA 22213 (F)

MELLINGER, JOHN J. (Dr), 7531

Woodberry Lane, Falls Church, VA

22042 (M)

MELMED, ALLEN J. (Dr), 732 Tiffany

Court, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 (F)

MENZER; ROBERT. EE. '@r)?77203

Wells Parkway, Hyattsville, MD 20782

(F)

MESSINA, CARLA G. (Mrs), 9800

Marquette Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

MEYERSON, MELVIN R. (Dr), 611

Goldsborough Dr., Rockville, MD

20850 (F)

MILLAR, DAVID B. (Dr), 1716 Mark

Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 (F)

MILLER, CARL F. (Dr), P.O. Box 127,

Gretna, VA 24557 (E)

MILLER, MARGARET D. (Dr), 11632

Deborah Dr., Potomac, MD 20854 (E)

MILLER, PAUL R. (Dr), 207 South

Pebble Beach, Sun City Center, FL

33570 (E) :

MITTLEMAN, DON (Dr), 80 Parkwood

Lane, Oberlin, OH 44074 (F)

MIZELL, LOUIS R. (Mr), 8122 Misty

Oaks Blvd. Sarasota, FL 34243 (E)

MOLLARI, O. MARIO (Prof), 4527

45th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20016

(E)

MOORE, GEORGE A. (Dr), 1108 Ag-

new Drive, Rockville, MD 20851-1601

(E)

MOORE, JAMES G. (Mr), CRS, Li-

brary of Congress, Washington, DC

20540 (M)

MORRIS, ALAN (Dr), 5817 Plainview

Road, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

MORRIS, J. ANTHONY (Dr), 23-E

Ridge Road, Greenbelt, MD 20770

(M)

MORRIS, JOSEPH BURTON (Mr),

Chemistry Department, Howard Uni-

versity, Washington, DC 20059 (F)

MORRIS, MARLENE C. (Mrs), 6001

Eighth St., N.W., Washington, DC

20011 (F)

MORRISS, DONALD J. (Mr), 102 Bald-

win Ct., S.E., Point Charlotte, FL

33952 (E)

MOSTOFI, F. K. (M.D), Armed Forces

Institute of Pathology, Washington,

DC 20306 (F)

MOUNTAIN, RAYMOND D. (Dr), 5

Monument Court, Rockville, MD

20850 (F)

MUEHLHAUSE, C. O. (Dr), 112 Ac-

comac Street, Chincoteague, VA

23336-1401 (E)

MUESEBECK, CARL F. W. (Mr), 18

North Main St., Elba, NY 14058 (E)

MULLIGAN, JAMES H., JR (Dr),

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 283

12121 Sky Lane, Santa Ana, CA 92705

(F)

MUMMA, MICHAEL J., (Dr), 210 Glen

Oban Drive, Arnold, MD 21012 (F)

MURDAY, JAMES S. (Dr), 7116 Red

Horse Tavern Lane, West Springfield,

VA 22153 (F)

MURDOCH, WALLACE P. (Dr), 2264

Emmitsburg Road, Gettysburg, PA

17325 (E)

MURRAY, WILLIAM S. (Dr), 1281

Bartonshire Way, Rockville, MD 20854

(F)

MURRAY, T. H. (Dr), (LtC. Ret) 2915

27th St., North, Arlington, VA 22207

(M)

MYERS, RALPH D. (Dr), 4611 Guil-

ford Road, College Park, MD 20740

(E)

N

NAESER, CHARLES R. (Dr), 6654 Van

Winkle Dr., Falls Church, VA 22044

(E)

NAMIAS, JEROME (Mr), Room A-

024, Scripps Institution of Oceanogra-

phy, Univ. of California, La Jolla, CA

92093 (F)

NEALE, JOSEPH H. (Dr), Biology De-

partment, Room 406, Reiss Science

Bldg., Georgetown Univ., Washing-

ton, DC 20057 (F)

NEF, EVELYN S. (Mrs), 2726 N. St.,

N.W., Washington, DC 20007 (M)

NELSON, R. H. (Mr), Bethany Village,

512 Albright Dr., Mechanicsburg, PA

17055 (E)

NEUBAUER, WERNER G. (Dr), 4603

Quarter Charge Dr., Annandale, VA

22003 (F)

NEUENDORFFER, J. A. (Dr), 911 Al-

lison St., Alexandria, VA 22302 (E)

NEUPERT, WERNER M. (Dr), Code

680, Goddard Space Flight Center,

Greenbelt, MD 20771 (F)

NEUSCHEL, SHERMAN K. (Dr), 7501

Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD

20817 (F)

NEWMAN, MORRIS (Dr), 1050 Las Al-

turas Rd., Santa Barbara, CA 93103

(F)

NICKUM, MARY J. (Mrs), 12000 Old

Georgetown Road, Apt. N-1407,

Rockville, MD 20852 (M)

NOFFSINGER, TERRELL L. (Dr),

Route 1, Box 305, Auburn, KY 42206

(E)

NORRIS, KARL H. (Mr), 11204 Mont-

gomery Rd., Beltsville, MD 20705 (E)

NORWOOD, JANET L. (Dr), Director,

Bureau of Labor Statistics, 200 Con-

stitution Ave., N.W., Washington, DC

20214 (F)

O

OBERLE, E. MARILYN (Ms), Apt.

622, 2801 Quebec St., N.W., Washing-

ton, DC 20008 (M)

OEHSER, PAUL H. (Mr), Regency at

McLean, 1800 Old Meadow Road,

McLean, VA 22102 (E)

O’HARE, JOHN J. (Dr), Apt. 824, 301

G Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20024

(F)

O’HERN, ELIZABETH M. (Dr), 633 G

Street, S.W., Washington, DC 20024

(F)

OKABE, HIDEO (Dr), 6700 Old Stage

Road, Rockville, MD 20852 (F)

O’KEEFE, JOHN A. (Dr), Code 681,

Goddard Space Flight Center, Green-

belt, MD 20771 (F)

OLIPHANT, MALCOLM W. (Dr), 1606

Ulupii Street, Kailua, HI 96734 (E)

OLIPHANT, V. SUSIE (Ms), 910 Luray

Place, Hyattsville, MD 20783 (M)

ORDWAY, FRED (Dr), 5205 Elsmere

Avenue, Bethesda, MD 20814 (F)

OSER, HANS J. (Dr), 8810 Quiet Strean

Courtt, Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

OTA, HAJIME (Mr), (LF) Deceased

P

PANCELLA, JOHN R. (Dr), 1209 Viers

Mill Road, Rockville, MD 20851 (F)

PARASURAMAN, RAJA (Dr), 1852

284 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

Ingleside Terr., N.W., Washington, DC

20010 (F)

PARKER, ROBERT L. (Dr), 9728 Dig-

ging Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20879

(F)

PARMAN, GEORGE K. (Mr), 4255

Donald Street, Eugene, OR 97405-

3427 (F)

PARRY-HILL, JEAN (Ms), 3803 Mili-

tary Road, N.W., Washington, DC

20015 (M)

PARSONS, H. McILVANE (Dr), Essex

Corporation, 333 North Fairfax Street,

Alexandria, VA 22314 (F)

PAZ, ELVIRA L. (Dr), 4831 36th Street,

N.W., Washington, DC 20008 (F)

PELCZAR, MICHAEL J. (Dr), Avalon

Farm, P.O. -Box °133;) Chester,, MD

21619 (E) Hyattsville, MD 20782 (E)

PELLERIN, CHARLES J. (Dr), NASA

Code EZ-7, 600 Independence Ave.,

S.W., Washington, DC 20546 (F)

PERKINS, LOUIS R. (Mr), Apt. 709,

1234 Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Wash-

ington, DC 20005 (M)

PERROS, THEODORE P. (Dr), Chem-

istry Department, George Washington

Univ., Washington, DC 20052 (F)

PICKETT, WARREN E. (Dr), 8406

Echo Lane, Clinton, MD 20735 (F)

PICKHOLZ, RAYMOND (Dr), 3613

Glenbrook Road, Fairfax, VA 22031

(F)

PIEPER, GEORGE F. (Dr), 3155 Roll-

ing Road, Edgewater, MD 21037 (F)

PIERCHALA, CARLE. (Dr), P.O. Box

1554, West Bethesda, MD 20817 (M)

PIKL, JOSEF M. (Dr), Meadowbrook

Road, Lincoln, MA 01773 (E)

PITTMAN, MARGARET (Dr), Apt.

912, 3133° Connecticut: Ave: N-W.,

Washington, DC 20008 (E)

PLAIT, ALAN O. (Mr), 5402 Yorkshire

St., Springfield, VA 22151 (F)

POLACHEK, HARRY (Dr), Apt. 1211,

11801 Rockville Pike, Rockville, MD

20852 (E)

PONADER, HEATHER BOEK, (Dr),

Senior Scientist SP-FR-5-1 Corning

Glass Works, Corning, NY 14831 (M)

PONNAMPERUMA, CYRIL (Dr),

Chemistry Department, University of

Maryland, College Park, MD 20742

POOS, FRED W. (Dr), 5100 Fillmore

Avenue, Alexandria, VA 22311 (E)

POST, MILDRED A., (Miss), 8928

Bradmoor Dr., Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

POTTMYER, JAMES J. (Mr), 5540

32nd Street, N; Arlington, VA 22207-

1535 (M)

PRESTON, MALCOLM S. (Dr), 10 Kil-

kea Court, Baltimore, MD 21236 (M)

PRINCE; JULIUS \S.; (MDs

Pinehurst Pkwy., Chevy Chase, MD

20815 (F)

PRINZ, DIANNE K. (Dr), Code 4142,

Naval Research Laboratory, Washing-

ton, DC 20375-5000 (F)

PRO, MAYNARD J. (Mr), 7904 Falstaff

Road, McLean, VA 22102 (F)

PRYOR;.C.. NICHOLAS (ijn 3715

Prosperity Ave., Fairfax, VA 22031 (F)

PURCELL, ROBERT Hs ADEpeigohi

White Grounds Road, Boyds, MD

20841 (F)

PYKE, THOMAS N. JR (Mr), Assistant

Administrator for Satellite and Infor-

mation Services, U.S.D.C., NOAA,/

Code E, FB #4, Room 2069, Wash-

ington, DC 20057 (F)

Q

QUIROS, RODERICK S. (Mr), 4520

Yuma St., N.W., Washington, DC

20016 (F)

R

RABINOW, JACOB (Mr), 6920 Selkirk

Drive, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

RADER, CHARLES A. (Mr), Gillette

Research Institute, 1413 Research

Blvd., Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

RADO, GEORGE T. (Dr), 818 Carrie

Court, McLean, VA 22101 (F)

RAINWATER, IVAN H. (Dr), 2805 Lib-

erty Place, Bowie, MD 20715 (E)

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 285

RAMSAY, MAYNARD J. (Dr), 3806

Viser Court, Bowie, MD 20715 (F)

RANSOM, JAMES R. (Mr), 107 E. Sus-

quehanna Ave., Towson, MD 21204

(M)

RASKIN, ALLEN (Dr), 7658 Water Oak

Point Road, Pasadena, MD 21122 (F)

RATH, BHAKTA B. (Dr), 10908 Tim-

bermill Court, Oakton, VA 22124 (F)

RAUSCH, ROBERT L. (Dr), P.O. Box

85447, University Station, Seattle, WA

98145-1447 (F)

RAVECHP’, ELIZABETH S. (Dr), 27

24th Street, Troy, NY 12180-1914 (F)

RAVITSKY, CHARLES (Mr), 1505

Drexel St., Takoma Park, Md 20912

(E)

RAY, JOSEPH W. (Dr), 2740 Vassar

Place, Columbus, OH 43221 (F)

REDISH, EDWARD F. (Prof), 6820

Winterberry Lane, Bethesda, MD

20817 (F)

REED, WILLIAM DOYLE (Mr), 1330

Massachusetts Ave., N.W., Thomas

House #624, Washington, DC 20005

(E)

REHDER, HARALD H. (Dr), 5620 Og-

den Road, Bethesda, MD 20816 (F)

REINER, ALVIN (Mr), 11243 Bybee

Street, Silver Spring, MD 20902 (F)

REINHART, FRANK W. (Dr), 9918

Sutherland Rd., Silver Spring, MD

20901 (F)

REMMERS, GENE M. (Mr), 6928 Hec-

tor Road, McLean, VA 22101 (M)

RESWICK, JAMES S. (Dr), 1003 Dead

Run Drive, McLean, VA 22101 (F)

REYNOLDS, HORACE N., JR (Dr),

9223 Woodland Dr., Silver Spring, MD

20910 (F)

REYNOLDS, ORR E. (Dr), American

Physiological Society, 9650 Rockville

Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814 (F)

RHYNE, JAMES J. (Dr), 14521 Pebble

Hill Lane, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 (F)

RICE, ROBERT L. (Mr), 12041 Wind-

ing Creek Way, Germantown, MD

20874 (M)

RICE, SUE ANN (Ms), 6728 Fern Lane,

Annandale, VA 22003 (M)

RIEL, GORDON K. (Dr), Naval Surface

Weapons Center, White Oak Labora-

tory, Code R-41, Silver Spring, MD

20903-5000 (LF)

RITT, PAUL E. (Dr), 36 Sylvan Lane,

Weston, MA 02193 (F)

RIVERA, ALVIN D. (Dr), 4302 Star

Lane, Rockville, MD 20852 (M)

ROBBINS, MARY LOUISE (Dr), Tat-

suno House, A-23, 2-1-8 Ogikubo, Sug-

inami-Ku, Tokyo 167, Japan (E)

ROBERTSON, A. F. (Dr), 4228 Butter-

worth Pl., N.W., Washington, DC

20016 (F)

ROBERTSON, RANDALL M. (Dr),

1404 Highland Circle, S.E., Blacks-

burg, VA 24060 (E)

RODNEY, WILLIAM S. (Dr), 6936

Sawmill Village Dr., Worthington, OH

43085 (F)

ROE, DONALD W. (Dr), 17316 Chis-

well Road, Poolesville, MD 20837 (M)

ROLLER, PAUL S. (Dr), Apt. 1011,

1440 N Street, N.W., Washington, DC

20005 (E)

ROSADO, JOHN A. (Dr), 8821 Cardi-

nal Court, Laurel, MD 20707 (F)

ROSCHER, NINA M. (Dr), 10400

Hunter Ridge Drive, Oakton, VA

22124 (F)

ROSE, WILLIAM K. (Dr), Astronomy

Program University of Maryland, Col-

lege Park, MD 20742 (F)

ROSENBLATT, DAVID (Prof), 2939

Van Ness St., N.W., Washington, DC

20008 (F)

ROSENBLATT, JOAN R. (Dr), 2939

Van Ness St., N.W., Washington, DC

20008 (F)

ROSENTHAL, SANFORD M. (Dr),

12601 Greenbrier Rd., Potomac, MD

20854 (E)

ROSS, FRANKLIN J. (Mr), 3830 North

Stafford St., Arlington, VA 22207-4513

(F)

ROSS, SHERMAN (Dr), 19715 Green-

side Terr., Gaithersburg, MD 20879 (F)

ROSSI, PETER H. (Prof), Social and

Demographic Research Institute, Uni-

versity of Massachusetts, Amherst,

MA 01003 (F)

ROSSINI, FREDERICK D. (Dr), Apt.

286 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

T-900, 605 South U.S. Highway #1,

Juno Beach, FL (EB)

ROTKIN, ISRAEL (Mr), 11504 Regnid

Drive, Wheaton, MD 20902 (E)

RUTNER, EMILE (Dr), 34 Columbia

Avenue Takoma Park, MD 20912 (M)

S

SAENZ, ALBERT W. (Dr), Code 6603

S, Naval Rsearch Laboratory, Wash-

ington, DC 20375-5000 (F)

SALISBURY, LLOYD L. (Mr), 10138

Crestwood Rd., Kensington, MD

20895 (M)

SALLET, DIRSE W. (Dr), 4205 Tuck-

erman St., University Park, MD 20782

(M)

SAMUELSON, DOUGLAS A. (Mr),

3443 Skyview Terr., Falls Church, VA

22042 (F)

SANDERSON, JOHN A. (Dr), B-206

Clemson Downs, 150 Downs Boule-

vard, Clemson, SC 29631 (E)

SANK, VICTOR J. (Dr), 5 Bunker

Court, Rockville, MD 20854 (F)

SAEMIENTO, RAFAEL A. (Dr), Bldg.

306, Room 101, BARC-East Beltsville,

MD 20705 (F)

SASMOR, ROBERT M. (Dr), 4408

North 20th Road, Arlington, VA 22207

(F)

SASS, ARTHUR H. USNR (Capt),

RFD 6, Box 176, Warrenton, VA 22186

(M)

SAVILLE, THORNDIKE, JR (Mr),

5601 Albia Road, Bethesda, MD 20816

(LF)

SCHALK, JAMES M. (Dr), P.O. Box

441, Isle of Palms, SC 29451 (F)

SCHECHTER, MILTON, 'S. (Mr),

10909 Hannes Ct., Silver Spring, MD

20901 (F)

SCHINDLER, ALBERT I. (Dr), Ma-

terials Research Lab., Purdue Univer-

sity, West Lafayette, IN 47907 (F)

SCHLAIN, DAVID (Dr), 2 A Garden-

way, Greenbelt, MD 20770 (E)

SCHMIDT, CLAUDE H. (Dr), 1827

Third St., North, Fargo, ND 58102 (F)

SCHNEIDER, JEFFREY M. (Dr), 5238

Richardson Dr., Fairfax, VA 22032 (F)

SCHNEIDER, SIDNEY (Mr), 239 N.

Granada Street, Arlington, VA 22203

(E)

SCHNEPFE, MARIAN M. (Dr), Poto-

mac Towers, Apt. 640, 2001 N. Adams

Street, Arlington, VA 22201 (E)

SCHOOLEY, JAMES F. (Dr), 13700

Darnestown Rd., Gaithersburg, MD

20878 (F)

SCHUBAUER, GALEN B. (Dr), Route

1, Box 279 FF, Lexington Park, MD

20653 (F)

SCHULMAN, FRED (Dr), 11115 Mark-

wood Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20902

(F)

SCHULMAN, JAMES H. (Dr), 5628

Massachusetts Ave., Bethesda, MD

20816 (E)

SCHULTZ, WARREN W. (Cdr), 4056

Cadle Creek Rd., Edgewater, MD

21037 (LF)

SCHWARTZ, ANTHONY M. (Dr),

2260 Glenmore Terr., Rockville, MD

20850 (F)

SCOTT, DAVID B. (Dr), 10448 Wheat-

ridge Dr., Sun City, AZ 85373 (E)

SCRIBNER, BOURDON F. (Mr), 123

Peppercorn Pl., Edgewater, MD 21037

(E)

SEABORG, GLENN T. (Dr), 1154 Glen

Road, Lafayette, CA 94549 (F)

SEEGER, RAYMOND J. (Dr), 4507

Wetherill Rd., Bethesda, MD 20816

(E)

SEITZ, FREDERICK (Dr), Rockefeller

University, 1230 York Ave., New

York, NY 10021 (F)

SHAFRIN, ELAINE G. (Mrs), Apt. N-

702, 800 Fourth St., S.E., Washington,

DC 20024 (F)

SHAPIRO, GUSTAVE (Mr), 3704

Munsey St., Silver Spring, MD 20906

(F)

SHEAR, RALPH E. (Mr), 1916 Bay-

berry Rd., Edgewood, MD, 21040 (M)

SHEPARD, HAROLD H. (Dr), 2701

South June St., Arlington, VA 22202

E)

bes ete J. LEON (Dr), Apt.

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 287

400, 4530 Connecticut Ave., N.W.,

Washington, DC 20008 (E)

SHERLIN, GROVER C. (Mr), 4024

Hamilton St., Hyattsville, MD 20781

(LF)

SHIER, DOUGLAS R. (Dr), Depart-

ment of Mathematical Science, College

of William and Mary, Williamsburg,

VA 23185 (F)

SHOTLAND, EDWIN (Dr), 418 E. In-

dian Spring Dr., Silver Spring, MD

20901 (M)

SHRIER, STEFAN (Dr), P.O. Box

19139, Alexandria, VA 22320 (F)

SHROPSHIRE, W. JR (Rev) (Dr),

Omega Laboratory, P.O. Box 151,

Cabin John, MD 20818-0151 (LF)

SILVER, DAVID M. (Dr), Applied

Physics Laboratory, 11100 Johns Hop-

kins Road, Laurel, MD 20707 (M)

SILVERMAN, BARRY G. (Dr), 9653

Reach Road, Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

SIMHA, ROBERT (Dr), Department of

Macromolecular Science, Case-West-

ern Reserve University, Cleveland,

OH 44106 (F)

SIMPSON, MICHAEL M. (Mr),

Congressional Research Services/SPR/

LM413, Washington, DC 20540 (M)

SKOLNICK, PHIL (Dr), Room 212,

Bldg. 4, National Institutes of Health,

Bethesda, MD 20892 (F)

SLACK, LEWIS (Dr), 27 Meadow Bank

Road, Old Greenwich, CT 06870 (F)

SLAWSKY, MILTON M. (Dr), 8803

Lanier Drive, Silver Spring, MD 20910

(E)

SLAWSKY, ZAKA I. (Dr), Apt. 318,

4701 Willard Ave., Chevy Chase, MD

20815 (E)

SMITH, BLANCHARD D., JR (Mr),

2509 Ryegate Lane, Alexandria, VA

22308 (F)

SMITH, MARCIA S. (Ms), 6015 Ninth

St., North, Arlington, VA 22205 (M)

SMITH, REGINALD C. (Mr), 7731

Tauxemont Road, Alexandria, VA

22308 (M)

SMITH, ROBERT C., JR (Mr), 6151-A

Edsall Road, Alexandria, VA 22304 (F)

SNAVELY, BENJAMIN L. (Dr), 360

Blossom Hill Dr., Lancaster, PA 17601

(F)

SNYDER, HERBERT N. (Dr), R.E.D.

1, Box 10, Cobden, IL 62920 (F)

SOLAND, RICHARD M. (Dr), SEAS,

George Washington University, Wash-

ington, DC 20052 (F)

SOLOMON, EDWIN M. (Mr), 15107 In-

terlachen Drive, Apartment 521, Silver

Spring, MD 20906 (M)

SORROWS, HOWARD EARLE, (Dr),

8820 Maxwell Dr., Potomac, Md 20854

(F)

SOUSA, ROBERT J. (Dr), 2548 Arbor

Court, Davidsonville, MD 21035 (F)

SPATES, JAMES E. (Mr), 8609 Irving-

ton Ave., Bethesda, MD 20817 (LF)

SPECHT, HEINZ (Dr), Fairhaven, C-

135, 7200 3rd Ave., Sykesville, MD

21784 (E)

SPENCER, LEWIS V. (Dr), P.O. Box

87, Hopkinsville, KY 42240 (F)

SPERLING, FREDERICK (Dr), 1110

Fidler Lane, Silver Spring, MD 20910

(E)

SPIES, JOSEPH R. (Dr), 507 North

Monroe St., Arlington, VA 22201 (E)

SPILHAUS, A. F., JR (Dr), 10900 Pi-

casso Lane, Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

SPRAGUE, G. F. (Dr), Agronomy De-

partment, University of Illinois, Ur-

bana, IL 61801 (E)

SPROULL, JAMES D. (Mr), 416 Blair

Road, Vienna, VA 22180 (F)

STAUSS, HENRY E. (Dr), 8005 Wash-

ington Ave., Alexandria, VA 22308

(F)

STEERE, RUSSELL L. (Dr), 6207 Car-

rollton Terr., Hyattsville, MD 20781

(E)

STEGUN, IRENE A. (Miss), 62 Leigh-

ton Ave., Yonkers, NY 10705 (E)

STEINBERG, ALFRED D. (M.D),

8814 Bells Mill Road, Potomac, MD

20854 (F)

STEINER, ROBERT F. (Dr), 2609 Turf

Valley Rd., Ellicott City, MD 21043 (F)

STEPHENS, ROBERT E. (Dr) 4301

39th St., N.W., Washington, DC 20016

(E)

STERN, KURT H. (Dr), Code 6170, Na-

288 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

val Research Laboratory, Washington,

DC 20375 (F)

STEWART, T. DALE (Dr), 1191 Crest

Lane, McLean, VA 22101 (E)

STIEF, LOUIS J. (Dr), Code 691, God-

dard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt,

MD 20771 (F)

STIEHLER, ROBERT D. (Dr), 3234

Quesada St., N.W., Washington, DC

20015 (E)

STILL, JOSEPH W. (Dr), 1408 Edgecliff

Lane, Pasadena, CA 91107 (E)

STOETZEL, MANYA B. (Dr), System-

atic Entomology Laboratory, Room 6,

Bldg. 004 BARC-WEST, Beltsville,

MD 20705 (F)

STRAUSS, SIMON W. (Dr), 4506 Cedell

Place, Camp Springs, MD 20748 (LF)

STRIMPLE, HARRELL L. (Mr), 904

Bowery, Iowa City, IA 52240 (F)

STUART, NEIL W. (Dr), Mountain

Creek Manor, #306, 1005 Mountain

Creek Rd., Chattanooga, TN 37405 (E)

SVOBODA, JAMES A. (Mr), 13301 Ov-

erbrook Lane, Bowie, MD 20715 (M)

SWEZEY, ROBERT W. (Dr), Clarks

Ridge Road, Route 3, Box 142, Lees-

burg, VA 22075 (F)

SYKES, ALAN O. (Dr), 304 Mashie

Drive, Vienna, VA 22180 (M)

F

TALBERT, PRESTON T. (Dr), Chem-

istry Department, Howard University,

Washington, DC 20059 (F)

TASAKI, ICHIJI (Dr), 5604 Alta Vista

Road, Bethesda, MD 20817 (F)

TATE, DOUGLAS R. (Mr), 11415

Farmland Drive, Rockville, MD 20852

(F)

TAYLOR, ALBERT LEE (Mr), 2620

S.W. 14th Dr., Gainesville, FL 32608

(E)

TAYLOR, BARRY N. (Dr), 11908 Tall-

wood Court, Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

TAYLOR, JOHN KEENAN (Dr), 12816

Tern Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20878

(F)

TAYLOR, LAURISTON S. (Dr), 7407

Denton Rd., Bethesda, MD 20814 (E)

TEAL, GORDON K. (Dr), 5222 Park

Lane, Dallas, TX 75220 (F)

TERMAN, MAURICE J. (Mr), 616

Poplar Drive, Falls Church, VA 22046

(E)

THOMPSON, F. CHRISTIAN, (Dr),

4255 35th St., S., Arlington, VA 22206

(F)

TOLL, JOHN S. (Dr), President, Uni-

versity of Maryland, Central Admin-

istration, Adelphi, MD 20783 (F)

TOUSEY, RICHARD (Dr), 7725 Oxon

Hill Road, Oxon Hill, MD 20745 (E)

TOUSIMIS, A. J. (Dr), Tousimis Re-

search Corp., P.O. Box 2189, Rock-

ville, MD 20852 (M)

TOWNSEND, CHARLES E. (M.D),

3529 Tilden St., N.W., Washington,

DC 20008-3194 (F)

TOWNSEND, LEWIS RHODES

(M.D), 8906 Liberty Lane, Potomac,

MD 20854 (M)

TOWNSEND, MARJORIE R. (Mrs),

3529 Tilden Street, N.W., Washington,

DC 20008-3194 (LF)

TRAUB, ROBERT (Col) (Ret.), 5702

Bradley Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20814

(F)

TUNELL, GEORGE (Dr), 4625 Via

Gennita, Santa Barbara, CA 93111 (E)

TURNER, JAMES H. (Dr), 11902 Fal-

kirk Drive, Potomac, MD 20854 (E)

TYLER, PAUL E. (M.D), 12604 Stable-

house Ct., N., Potomac, MD 20854 (F)

U

UBERALL, HERBERT M. (Dr), Ken-

wood, Apt. 1417, 5101 River Rd., Be-

thesda, MD 20816 (M)

UHLANER, J. E. (Dr), 4258 Bonavita

Drive, Encino, CA 91426 (F)

USDIN, VERA R. (Dr), 6 Stevens

Court, Rockville, MD 20850 (F)

V

VAISHNAV, MARIANNE P. (Ms), P.O.

Box 2129, Gaithersburg, MD 20879

(LF)

1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY 289

VAISHNAV, RAMESH N. (Dr), (LF)

Deceased

VAN COTT, HAROLD P. (Dr), 8300

Still Spring Ct., Bethesda, MD 20817

(F)

- VAN DERSAL, WILLIAM R. (Dr),

8101 Greenspring Ave., Baltimore,

MD 21208

VAN TUYL, ANDREW H. (Dr), 1000

West Nolcrest Drive, Silver Spring,

MD 20903 (F)

VAN ARSDEL, WILLIAM C. III (Dr),

1000 Sixth St., S.W. Apartment #301,

Washington, DC 20024 (M)

VARADI, PETER F. (Dr), Apt. 1605-

W, 4620 North Park Ave., Chevy

Chase, MD 20815 (F)

VEITCH, FLETCHER P., JR (Dr), P.O.

Box 513, Lexington Park, Md 20653

(F)

VILA, GEORGE J. (Mr), 5517 West-

bard Ave., Bethesda, MD 20816 (F)

VINTI, JOHN P. (Dr), 44 Quint Ave.,

Allston, MA 02134 (F)

VON HIPPEL, ARTHUR (Dr), 265

Glen Road, Weston, MA 02193 (E)

WwW

WAGNER, A. JAMES (Mr), 7568 Cloud

Court, Springfield, VA 22153 (F)

WALDMANN, THOMAS A. (M.D),

3910 Rickover Rd., Silver Spring, MD

20902 (F)

WALKER, DELORES H. (Mrs), 2521

Branch Ave., S.E., Washington, DC

20020 (F)

WALKER EGBERT H. (Dr), Friends

House, 17330 Quaker Ln, Sandy

Spring, MD 20860 (E)

WALTON WILLIAM W., SR (Dr), 1705

Edgewater Parkway, Silver Spring,

MD 20903 (F)

WARING, JOHN A. (Dr), Apt. #1, 1320

S. George Mason Dr., Arlington, VA

22204 (M)

WARRICK, EVELYNE J. (Ms), Presi-

dent, National Color Inc., 2929 Esk-

ae Road, Fairfax, VA, 22031-2213

M

WATERWORTH, HOWARD E. (Dr),

10001 Old Franklin Ave., Seabrook,

MD 20706 (F)

WATSON, ROBERT B. (Dr), 1176

Wimbledon Drive, McLean, VA 22101

(E)

WAYNANT, RONALD W. (Dr), 13101

Claxton Drive, Laurel, MD 20708 (F)

WEBB, RALPH E. (Dr), 21-P Ridge

Road, Greenbelt, MD 20770 (F)

WEBER, ROBERT S. (Dr), 1138 S. Cy-

press Point Drive, Venice, FL 34293-

1322 (E)

WEGMAN, EDWARD J. (Dr), 10821

Burr Oak Way, Burke, VA 22015 (F)

WEIHE, WERNER K. (Dr), 2103 Bas-

sett St., Alexandria, VA 22308 (F)

WEINBERG, HAROLD (Mr), 11410

Strand Drive, Building 1-B, Apt. 314,

Rockville, MD 20852 (F)

WEINER, JOHN (Dr), 8401 Rhode Is-

land Ave., College Park, MD 20740 (F)

WEINTRAUB, ROBERT L. (Dr), 407

Brooks Ave., Raleigh, NC 27607 (E)

WEISS, ARMAND B. (Dr), 6516 Tru-

man Ln., Falls Church, VA 22043 (LF)

WEISSLER, ALFRED (Dr), 5510 Up-

pingham St., Chevy Chase, MD 20815

(F)

WEISSLER, PEARL G. (Mrs), 5510 Up-

pingham St., Chevy Chase, MD 20815

(F)

WELLMAN, FREDERICK L. (Dr), 501

E. Whitaker Mill Rd., Whitaker Glen

105-B, Raleigh, NC 27608 (E)

WENSCH, GLEN W. (Dr), R.R. #1,

Box 54, Champaign, IL 61821 (E)

WERGIN, WILLIAM P. (Dr), 10108 To-

whee Ave., Adelphi, MD 20783 (F)

WERTH, MICHAEL W. (Mr), 14 Graf-

ton Street, Chevy Chase, MD 20815

(E)

WEST, WILLIAM L. (Dr), 1428 Whit-

tier St., N.W., Washington, DC 20012

(M)

WESTWOOD, JAMES T. (LCDR) 3156

Cantrell Lane, Fairfax, VA 22031 (M)

WHITE, HOWARD J. JR (Dr), 8028

Park Overlook Dr., Bethesda, MD

20817 (F)

WHITELOCK, LELAND D. (Mr), Apt.

4, 2320 Brisbane St., Clearwater, FL

34623 (F)

290 1988 MEMBERSHIP DIRECTORY

WHITTEN, CHARLES A. (Mr), 9606

Sutherland Rd., Silver Spring, MD

20901 (BE)

WIENER, ALFRED A. (Mr), 550 West

25th Place, Eugene, OR 97405 (F)

WIGGINS, PETER F. (Dr), 1016 Harbor

Drive, Annapolis, MD 21403 (F)

WILHELM, PETER(G! (Dr),'206

Gretna Green Ct., Alexandria, VA

22304 (F)

WILMOTTE, RAYMOND M (Sc,D),

2512 Que Street, N.W., Washington,

DC 20007 (F)

WILSON, BRUCE L. (Mr), 423 Valen-

tine St., Highland Park, NJ 08904 (E)

WILSON, CHARLES L. (Dr), P.O. Box

1194, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 (F)

WILSON, WILLIAM K. (Mr), 1401

Kurtz Road, McLean, VA 22101 (LF)

WISTORT, ROBERT L. (Mr), 11630

35th Place, Beltsville, MD 20705 (F)

WITTLER, RUTH G. (Dr), 83 Bay

Drive, Bay Ridge, Annapolis, MD

21403 (E)

WOLF, OLIVER R. (Dr), 557 Berkeley

Ave., San Marino, CA 91108 (E)

WOLFF, EDWARD A. (Dr), 1021 Cres-

thaven Dr., Silver Spring, MD 20903

(F)

WOOD, LAWRENCE A. (Dr), Room

A-209, Polymers Bldg., National Bu-

reau of Standards, Gaithersburg, MD

20899 (E)

WORKMAN, WILLIAM G. (Dr),

Washington Street, P.O. Box 7, Bealls-

ville, OH 43716 (E)

WYATT, DOROTHY K. (Mrs), 7924

Ivymount Terr., Potomac, MD 20854

(M)

WYNN, HARVEY (Mr), 6625 Lee High-

way, Arlington, VA 22205 (F)

x

YAPLEE, BENJAMIN S. (Mr), 8 Crest-

view Court, Rockville, MD 20854 (F)

YEKOVICH, FRANK S. (Dr), School of

Education, Catholic University, Wash-

ington, DC 20064 (F)

YODER, HATTEN S., JR (Dr), Geo-

physical Laboratory, 2801 Upton

Street, N.W., Washington, DC 20008

(F)

YOUMAN, CHARLES E. (Mr), 4419

North 18th St., Arlington, VA 22207

(M)

YOUNG, DAVID A., JR (Dr), 612 Buck

Jones Road, Raleigh, NC 27606 (E)

v5

ZELENY, LAWRENCE (Dr), 4312 Van

Buren St., University Park, MD 20782

(E)

ZIEN, TSE-FOU (Dr), Naval Surface

Warfare Center, White Oak Labora-

tory, Code R44, Silver Spring, MD

20903-5000 (F)

ZOCH, RICHMOND T. (Mr), Route 1,

Box 930, Shelby, AL 35143 (F)

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DELEGATES TO THE WASHINGTON ACADEMY OF SCIENCES,

~ REPRESENTING THE LOCAL AFFILIATED SOCIETIES

MOSM NOCICLY OL VWaASMINGTOM. 65. eee etd e eee seen eeensomnene Barbara F. Howell

Per MOlm@ical SOCIETY Of WaSIINGION 0... eee ete een me eee enaeens Edward J. Lehman

SEO Qe GSE Ne) ACERS C1119) (0) 1 Austin B. Williams

DT SOGICOVI@E VWVASWIMOTOM che cere ie Sine esate ee eee eames ee ewan Jo-Anne A. Jackson

eramolomical society Of WaSMINGION. 5... 6.6 ce ee cece tec ee cee eeneennes Manya B. Stoetzel

LS BEGET SIPS OUST a ape 8 eo Gilbert Grosvenor

Pee MSOGIeEvCO! WASMIMPLON 6)... fede cre eee fee ee ode ee eae lass ewaeews James V. O’Connor

memadmsmcrcty or tne Histnct Of Columbia’... .........6 26. c sees cece eee en Charles E. Townsend

(TE Si TR USUCTRICT US OUCTSIN S05 ORs AS EGG SUE te ene ear Paul H. Oehser

PM MEOOCIGHY OL WASIINGTOM,. 65 .a bcs ee ce ec ee eee nee e atte ween eedaenans Conrad B. Link

Peon american Foresters, Washington Section .. 2... 26. ccc cee eee eee meee dence Mark Rey

Ree I MOmESOCIE ty OLE MPINCCES. .. co cre se ce et ee eee tebe beac ete vee ees George Abraham

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Washington Section................. George Abraham

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Washington Section....................00000 Michael Chi

Sewumnelopicalisociety Of Washington ... 2... 6... see eee eee ee eee eee eee Robert S. Isenstein

mehican Society for Microbiology, Washington Branch ................0000sceeevernendceees Vacant

Society of American Military Engineers, Washington Post.....................0.. Charles A. Burroughs

manerican society of Civil Engineers, National Capital Section............. 0.00.0. ce scence Carl Gaum

Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine, DC Section ...................... Cyrus R. Creveling

punctican society tor Metals, Washington Chapter............. 50.5.0 e cee cence eee aees James R. Ward

American Association of Dental Research, Washington Section.....................0005 Eloise Ullman

American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, National Capital Section............... Paul Keller

Piilchicanvetcorological Society, DC Chapter ..... 2. ......... cece ect c tents ees A. James Wagner

SECIS OE SOCIALE IGS) 110 101 (0) 0 Ne One Albert B. DeMilo

mcoUsica-society Of America, Washington Chapter................00- cee cce eee eeee Richard K. Cook

EmuCHIcAMINMCclcal SOCIety., Washington SECtON...0.-. 2... 2.0 eee eee ee eee eee nese eeee Paul Theiss

Institute of Food! Technologists, Washington Section .................0.- 2 eee eee Melvin R. Johnston

American Ceramic Society, Baltimore-Washington Section........................ Joseph H. Simmons

2 PUTT ANSTN GR SOGIE Nae 5 a oc ipl ats oS een Renn ca Alayne A. Adams

rasa oimrmistony On SCIENCE CID... nc ec sce sc ck eee eee ee ene eaataneesteas Albert Gluckman

American Association of Physics Teachers, Chesapeake Section ...................0.. Peggy A. Dixon

American Society of Plant Physiologists, Washington Area Section............... Walter Shropshire, Jr.

Washington Operations Research/Management Science Council ...................... Doug Samuelson

fistimment society Of America, Washington Section............... 50 bec eee ee eee Carl Zeller

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical

and vemolcum Engineers, Washington Section. ........... 2. see eee ce eee ee eee Ronald Munson

Mm AuIOMAIE@ ADITAIASILONOMEIS:. 522 26sec sco aes ec cece dea eee ae et da nee enes Robert H. McCracken

Mathematics Association of America, MD-DC-VA Section............. 0.000000 e eee Alfred B. Willcox

DS WEST CH (6 PSI Sere ee Miloslav Rechcigl, Jr.

Me BSVEMOIOPICAlASSOCIAMOM! 6255... acc c ss acs ves oe soos sce aden eseedeneeeedeenvaes Bert T. King

easmmpronpe aay Wechmical Groupes s. 2.00.52 o 0 occ ke ote ea cee tee ence eee eens Robert F. Brady

American Phytopathological Society, Potomac Division..................2.:ee eee eee Roger H. Lawson

Society for General Systems Research, Metropolitan Washington Chapter ..... Ronald W. Manderscheid

MiiMalipwactons oociety, Potomac Chapter <2. 22.2 .c ec ce eect ce tebe eee seen ee cewenss Stanley Deutsch

Eemcticam tisheises society, Potomac Chapter... ...- 2... -s eect ccs lensccecesscwecee Robert J. Sousa

mssociauion tor science, Technology and Imnovation..............5.0506.0 cee eect ee eee Ralph I. Cole

ere RMEOE TOO IEA SOCICLY 224202 4221 Gi fo Gis cue cess cha ewe ek eee ee vee ees Ronald W. Manderscheid

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Northern Virginia Section.............. Ralph I. Cole

Association for Computing Machinery, Washington Chapter........................ James J. Pottmyer

Se eee POMS IA HISLICAL SOCICLY 6.00035 fn sec ccc g sce e ee sc ete ses Seu asaesenepeanencns R. Clifton Bailey

Delegates continue in office until new selections are made by the representative societies.

Washington Academy of Sciences 2nd Class Postage Paid

1101 N. Highland St. at Arlington, Va.

Arlington, Va. 22201 and additional mailing offices.

Return Requested with Form 3579

0190

LIBRARY OF THE ARNOLD

ARBORETUM

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