S MAUMBÜS

Journal of West African Ornithology

Revue d’Ornithologie de l’Ouest Africain

VOLUME 36 Number 2 September 2014

ISSN 0331-3689

West African Ornithological Society

Société d’Ornithologie de l’Ouest Africain

published by:

publiée par:

West African Ornithological Society

Société d’Ornithologie de l’Ouest Africain

Conseil:

Président: Dr Jean-Marc Thiollay

Vice-Président: Dr Roger Wilkinson

Membres du Conseil:

Nils Robin, P.W. Peter Browne

Secrétaire du Conseil: Dr Joost Brouwer

Trésorier et chargé des adhérents: Tim Dodman

Secrétaire chargé des Réunions: Dr Shiiwua Manu

Rédacteur en chef: Dr Alan Tye

Comité de Rédaction: Dr J. Brouwer, Dr R. Buij, Dr D.T. Cox, Dr O. Girard, Dr P.J.

Jones, Dr O. Lachenaud, Dr M. Melo, N. Robin, Dr V. Salewski, J.-M. Thiollay, Dr

T. Wacher, Dr R. Wilkinson.

Site internet: http://malimbus.free.fr/ inclut le texte complet de tous les volumes du

Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists ’ Society et de Malimbus à l’exception de ceux

des cinq dernières années, ainsi que les tables des matières, les résumés, les index

consultables d’espèces et d’auteurs, et des listes pays avec, pour chacun des pays

d’Afrique de l’Ouest, les références des mentions dans la revue. Webmestre: Peter Browne.

La correspondance doit être adressée comme suit:

— au Rédacteur en Chef, pour les articles à soumettre à Malimbus (Dr A. Tye, PO

Box 31, Kalo Chorio Oreinis, 2616 Nicosia, Cyprus ; <alantye@gmail . com>) ;

— au Trésorier, pour les abonnements (Hundland, Papa Westray, Orkney KW17 2BU,

U. K.; <tim@timdodman.co.uk>);

— au Secrétaire du Conseil, pour les demandes des Bourses de Recherches

(Wildekamp 32, 6721 JD Bennekom, The Netherlands; <brouwereac@orange . nl>) ;

— au Secrétaire adjoint, pour la présence aux réunions ou des suggestions pour

celles-ci (APLORI, c/o P. Hall, A.G. Leventis Ltd, West Africa House, Hanger Lane,

Ealing, London W5 3QR, U.K.; <manushiiwua@yahoo.co.uk>)

— au Webmestre, Peter Browne, pour les questions du site web: <pbrowne@primus . ca>;

— au Président, pour les questions du politique de la Société (2 rue Rivière, F- 10220

Rouilly Sacey, France; <jm.thiollay@wanadoo.fr>).

La Société tire son origine de la “Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society”, fondée en 1964.

Son but est de promouvoir l’ornithologie ouest-africaine, principalement au moyen de

sa revue Malimbus (anciennement Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists' Society).

Les demandes d’adhésion sont les bienvenues. Les cotisations annuelles sont de £15 ou

de €22 pour les Membres Ordinaires et de £35 (€44) pour les Sociétés (les cotisations

peuvent être payées en £ sterling au Trésorier ou en Euro à M. ou Mme N. Robin, 35 rue

Bonaparte, 75006 Paris, France; <nils-robin@orange.ff>. Il est recommandé aux

adhérents de la Zone Euro, hors France, de procéder par virement bancaire SEPA (gratuit),

l’encaissement des chèques émis hors de France étant très coûteux. Un RIB leur sera

adressé sur demande. Également, les cotisations peuvent être payées en ligne sur notre

site internet <http://malimbus.free.fr/>. Les Membres Ordinaires reçoivent Malimbus

par courrier ordinaire et les Sociétés par courrier aérien, gratuitement. Un supplément est

exigé des Membres Ordinaires pour le courrier aérien (demander au Trésorier le tarif).

Numéros anciens: Aucun exemplaire original n’est disponible à l’exception de

quelques numéros récents. Cependant, un pdf de l’un des numéros (numéro complet) de

Malimbus ou du Bull. Nigerian Orn. Soc. peut être fourni au prix de 50 % du coût de

l’abonnement de l’année en cours. Merci d’adresser vos requêtes au Trésorier.

Bourses de Recherches de la S.O.O.A.: Les conditions à remplir pour les candidatures

se trouvent dans Malimbus 25: 72-75 et sur le site web, ou peuvent être obtenues

auprès du Secrétaire du Conseil (adresse ci-dessus).

2014

5

Editorial

Our 50th Anniversary

The beginnings of W.A.O.S. came when a group of enthusiasts created the Nigerian

Ornithologists’ Society, in 1964, so this year marks our 50th birthday. In the early days,

almost all of the contributions to the new journal, the Bulletin of the Nigerian

Ornithologists ’ Society , came from expatriates. It is thus gratifying to note several features

of the Society and its journal after 50 years. Above all, we still exist, despite a couple of

periods when it looked as if Malimbus might die; but the Society maintains its relevance,

and its journal has become a prime repository for research on the birds of more than one

third of the continent. Secondly, the articles published in the journal have come to include

an increasing proportion written by West African authors. This is a measure of success in

one of the Society’s objectives: to encourage and promote research by West Africans in

West Africa.

Several features of the present issue in particular are perfectly appropriate to mark our

golden jubilee. The first is that in this issue all the full-length articles are written by West

African authors (the first time this has occurred) and, given that the anniversary is of 50

years since our founding as the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, it is doubly appropriate

that two of these articles should come from Nigeria. Further, one of them examines the

changes in the avifauna of the Ibadan area in the 50 years since our foundation, which

happened to coincide with the publication of a key work on the district by John Elgood

(one of our founders) and Frank Sibley. The other re-examines aspects of the avifauna of

the Yankari Game Reserve, which N.O.S. and W.A.O.S. members have studied since our

beginnings. The third article, from francophone West Africa, demonstrates that our move

to a bilingual journal, when the Society’s geographical coverage expanded to the whole of

West Africa, is still valued. And finally, all this is pure coincidence: for anyone inclined to

believe in augury, a set of auspicious signs for the future from West Africa’s birds.

The continuation of contributions from Nigeria is in part due to the stimulus that

is still provided by old-established scholarly institutions there, including the univer¬

sity and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture at Ibadan, along with the

relatively young A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute. We can also recog¬

nize with satisfaction that N.O.S. and W.A.O.S. have contributed to this stimulus.

So, despite some worrying periods for the Society and its journal in the past (and

still, with submissions this year very low), we have good reason to expect ornithology

in Nigeria and West Africa to continue, with its practitioners providing valuable new

knowledge and contributing to the conservation of West Africa’s birds. Surely

enough reason to celebrate.

Alan Tye

66

Editorial

Malimbus 36

50ème anniversaire !

Les débuts de la S. O. O. A. remontent à la création en 1964 de la Nigerian Ornitholo¬

gists’ Society par un groupe d’enthousiastes, et donc cette année marque notre 50ème

anniversaire. Au début, la presque totalité des contributions au nouveau journal, le

Bulletin of the Nigerian Ornithologists’ Society, provenait d’expatriés. Il est ainsi

gratifiant de relever, après 50 ans, plusieurs faits saillants concernant notre Société et

son journal. Avant tout, nous existons encore, malgré deux périodes au cours desquelles

Malimbus put sembler sur le point de disparaître; mais la société conserve sa raison

d’être et son journal est devenu l’une des principales revues scientifiques sur l’avifaune

de plus d’un tiers du continent africain. En second lieu, une proportion croissante des

articles publiés dans le journal ont été écrits par des auteurs d’Afrique de l’Ouest. C’est

l’une des mesures de la réussite de la Société dans l’atteinte de l’un de ses objectifs:

encourager et promouvoir la recherche en Afrique de l’Ouest par des Africains de l’Ouest.

Plusieurs aspects de ce numéro sont particulièrement bienvenus pour marquer

notre jubilé. Le premier est que dans ce numéro, pour la première fois, tous les

articles longs ont été écrits par des auteurs Ouest Africains. D’autre part, s’agissant du

50ème anniversaire depuis notre création en tant que Nigerian Ornithologists’

Society, il est d’autant plus opportun que deux de ces articles proviennent du Nigeria.

De plus, l’un d’eux examine ce qui a changé dans l’avifaune d’ Ibadan depuis 50 ans,

alors précisément que notre création avait coïncidé avec la publication d’un travail-

clé sur le district par John Elgood, l’un de nos fondateurs, et Frank Sibley. L’autre

article réexamine des aspects de l’avifaune de la Réserve de faune de Yankari, que

des membres de N. O. S. et de la S. O. O. A. avaient étudiés depuis nos débuts. Le

troisième article, d’Afrique de l’Ouest francophone, démontre que notre évolution

vers un journal bilingue, alors que la couverture géographique de la Société s’était

étendue à toute l’Afrique de l’Ouest, conserve toute sa valeur. Et enfin, tout ceci est

une pure coïncidence: pour tous ceux enclins à croire aux présages, voilà peut-être un

ensemble de signes prometteurs quant à l’avenir des oiseaux d’Afrique de l’Ouest.

Le fait que nous continuions à recevoir des contributions du Nigeria est en partie

dû à la stimulation encore exercée par des institutions d’installation ancienne, dont

l’Université et l’Institut International d’Agriculture Tropicale d’Ibadan, ainsi que

l’Institut de Recherche Ornithologique A.P. Leventis. Nous pouvons également considérer

avec satisfaction que la N. O. S. et la S.O.O.A. ont contribué à cette stimulation.

Ainsi, bien que la Société et son journal aient connu des périodes inquiétantes

dans le passé (et encore aujourd’hui, avec des soumissions très peu nombreuses cette

année), nous avons de bonnes raisons d’avoir confiance dans l’avenir de

l’ornithologie au Nigeria et en Afrique de l’Ouest, avec des praticiens produisant de

précieuses nouvelles connaissances et contribuant à la conservation des oiseaux en

Afrique de l’Ouest. À coup sûr, des raisons suffisantes pour célébrer cet anniversaire.

Alan Tye (traduit: Nils Robin)

2014

67

Raptors in Yankari Game Reserve and

surrounding unprotected area, Nigeria

by J.D. Onoja1,2, T. Tende1,3, T.C. Omotoriogun1,4, U. Ottosson1,

S.A. Manu1,2 & G.S. Mwansat2

]A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute, PO Box 13404, Jos Plateau State, Nigeria

2Dept of Zoology, University of Jos, PMB 2084, Jos, Nigeria <oj_daniels@yahoo.com>

3Dept of Animal Ecology, Lund University, Sweden

4National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, Univ. of Oslo, Norway

Received 15 May 2012; revised 27 February 2014.

Summary

A recent survey to estimate the population of raptors in and around Yankari

Game Reserve revealed that the reserve still holds a number of raptor species

also found in other reserves in West Africa. In total, 886 raptors of 37 species

were recorded in the gallery forest and savanna habitats of the reserve, while

155 individuals in 18 species were encountered outside of the reserve. The

number of raptors per km of transect in the unprotected area was lower than in

the reserve, despite transect speed being slower and raptor detectability

probably higher in the unprotected area. Most of the species encountered

during surveys were medium-sized raptors. Juvenile raptors were seen only

within the reserve, and adults of large species were rare outside it. Vultures

seem to have declined since 2008, with two species having apparently been

lost from the area.

Résumé

Les rapaces dans la Réserve Naturelle de Yankari et la zone adjacente

non protégée, Nigeria. Une étude récente visant à estimer la population de

rapaces dans et autour de la Réserve Naturelle de Yankari a révélé que la

réserve contient encore nombre d’espèces de rapaces également présentes

dans d’autres réserves d’Afrique de l’Ouest. Au total, 886 rapaces de 37

espèces ont été observés dans les habitats de forêt galerie et de savane, tandis

que 155 individus de 14 espèces ont été rencontrés hors de la réserve. Le

nombre de rapaces par km de transect dans la zone non protégée était inférieur

à celui de la réserve, bien que la vitesse de parcours des transects ait été plus

lente et la possibilité de découverte de rapaces probablement plus forte dans la

zone non protégée. La plupart des espèces rencontrées au cours des enquêtes

68

J.D. Onoja eî al

Malimbus 36

ont été des rapaces de taille moyenne. Des rapaces juvéniles n’ont été vus

qu’à l’intérieur de la réserve et les adultes d’espèces de grande taille étaient

rares à l’extérieur. Les vautours paraissent être moins nombreux depuis 2008,

avec deux espèces ayant apparemment disparu de la zone.

Introduction

Diurnal birds of prey are good indicators of changes in ecosystems and of impacts of

human activity, owing to their sensitivity to environmental contamination, persecution

and disturbance (Newton 1979). Most species of raptor are conspicuous and they feed

on a broad array of invertebrates and vertebrates across all natural and artificial

habitats (Thiollay 2006). Today, the dramatic increase in human pressure,

deforestation and general decrease in tree cover, overgrazing and erosion, pesticide

use, over-hunting and fishing, and sometimes direct persecution of predators, all

impact negatively on raptor population (Thiollay 2006). To counter widespread

population declines, many attempts have been made in recent years to increase raptor

numbers, either by the management of the birds themselves or of their habitat and

food sources (Newton 1979). The positive effects on these birds are revealed in nature

reserves, where threats to them are minimized. For example in West Africa an

estimate of the mean abundance index of raptors between protected and unprotected

areas has shown a 30 % decline of raptors in protected areas compared with a 67 %

decline in unprotected areas (Thiollay 2006, 2007b). In the savannas of West Africa,

40 breeding raptor species and 19 Palaearctic migrant species have been recorded

(Borrow & Demey 2001, Thiollay 2007a). Brown (1970) observed that little is known

about the actual numbers of the various species, and without knowing this it is

difficult to determine the real effect of conservation effort.

A recent survey in Yankari Game Reserve, Bauch i State, Nigeria, revealed a

decline in the population of vultures (Tende & Ottosson 2008). However, data on the

population status of other raptor species is lacking. The aim of these surveys was

therefore to estimate the abundance, diversity and distribution of raptors in Yankari

Game Reserve and surrounding unprotected areas, in a bid to establish a baseline for

conservation for this group of birds.

Methods

Study site

The survey was carried out in and around the Yankari Game Reserve (9° SON,

10°30'E), Bauchi State in the east-central part of Nigeria. The reserve has a total area

of 2244 km2 and is bisected by the River Gaji. It lies within the Sudan Savanna Zone

(Geerling 1973) and receives an average rainfall of c. 1000 mm per year, between

2014

Raptors at Yankari

69

April and October (Crick & Marshall 1981). The vegetation includes swampy flood

plain bordered by patches of forest, gallery forest, riparian forest and woodland

savanna (Crick & Marshall 1981, Ezealor 2002). In seasonally flooded “fadamas”,

Ficus spp. and Mitragyna sp. are the dominant trees, while tangles of Mimosa pigra

dominate the shrub stratum. The reserve was established as a Game Preservation Unit

(GPU) of the Northern Region of Nigeria in January 1956 (Sikes 1964), and from its

inception has been traversed by roads, by which border zone communities reach and

utilize renewable natural resources within the reserve. Presently, twelve communities

around the reserve have roads leading to its centre at Wikki Camp (9°45rN, 10°30'E.

About 337 species of birds have been recorded (Ezealor 2002), of which 130 are

resident, 50 are Palaearctic migrants and the rest are intra- African migrants.

The unprotected area outside the reserve is mainly farmland with scattered trees

and hedges of Guerra senegalensis. Crops grown in these farmlands were mostly

groundnut Arachis hypogaea, beans Phaseolus vulgaris, guinea com Sorghum

bicolor , millet Pennisetum glaucum and rice Oryza sativa.

Survey Design

The survey within the reserve was carried out for eight weeks from 21 April to 28

June 2008. This period coincided with the beginning of the rainy season, with

insignificant rainfall during the period of the survey. Twenty line-transects (Bibby et

al 2000) of an average length of 10 km were used to count raptors. A total distance of

1636 km was covered during this transect survey. Transects were along game viewing

and anti-poaching patrol tracks, and chosen to cover both savanna and gallery forest

habitats. The coordinates of the start and end of each transect were recorded. Surveys

were carried out in the morning (6h30-13h00) and evening (15h00-18h00). Counts

were made by two non-driving observers from a car moving at an average speed

between 12 and 25 km/h (Fuller & Mosher 1981). All raptors flying, perched and

heard were identified, counted and their locations recorded using a Garmin 760CSx

global positioning system (GPS) receiver. For birds seen perched, their perpendicular

distances from the transect were recorded using a Canon Laser Range Finder.

In addition, observations were made from five different vantage points with good

views of the surroundings (Fig. 1). Each point was visited at least three times and one

hour was spent at each point, between 12hO0 and 13h00, i.e. at a time of day when

raptors make use of thermals to soar. Using binoculars and a telescope, the

surroundings were scanned for any raptors seen perched or flying. Efforts were made

to avoid double counts of birds observed by noting the direction in which the last

counted individual disappeared from sight and the flock size.

The unprotected area outside the reserve was surveyed between 23 May and

23 July 2009. A total of 33 transects, each measuring 10 km in length, was laid in

the area surrounding the reserve. Counts were made by two non-driving observers

from a car moving at an average speed of 10.5 km/h (slower than in the reserve

because of the bumpy nature of the roads). All raptors seen perched or flying or heard were

70

J.D. Onoja et al.

Malimbus 36

Figure 1. LandSat photograph of Yankari Game Reserve and surrounding

unprotected area, showing observation vantage points.

identified and their location recorded. Surveys were carried out between lOhOO and

14h00, and all transects were visited once. The survey covered a total distance of 330

km. Five vantage points outside the reserve were used for observing raptors soaring or

perched (Fig. 1).

Data Analysis

The surveys were designed to provide baseline data for each of the two areas and not

primarily for comparison between them. Detectability, timing of survey periods and

speed of the vehicle were all different in the two habitats. Detectability was probably

higher in the unprotected area than in the reserve because of the more open nature of

the unprotected area, and transect speed was slower there. This must be borne in mind

when using these data for comparison between the two habitats.

Abundance on transects, of all raptors combined and of each raptor species, is

expressed as encounter rate, in terms of the number of individuals encountered per

100 km of transect travelled and per h of transect time. Encounter rate during vantage

point observations is expressed as number of raptors seen per h of observation. The

encounter rates on transects were calculated as total number of individuals

encountered over the total distance covered per month during the period of survey.

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Raptors at Yankari

71

Results

In the reserve, 886 individual raptors of 37 species were recorded during the transects,

combining forest and savanna (Table 1), of which 49 individuals (5.5 %) were classed

as juveniles and sub-adults. In April, 170 raptors were seen over a total distance of

301.1 km covered (56 birds per 100 km), May had 418 raptors over 789.1 km (53 per

100 km), while June had 298 raptors over 545.3 km (55 per 100 km): there was no

significant difference in encounter rate on transects between months (x2 = 0.0854, df =

2, P = 0.958). The overall raptor encounter rates during transects in the reserve were

54 birds per 100 km (total 1635.6 km) or 5.5 birds per h (total 160.35 h), with higher

overall encounter rate in the forest than in the savanna (Table 1). In the savanna, the

Grasshopper Buzzard was the species with the highest encounter rate, with other

common species including Dark Chanting-Goshawk, Grey Kestrel and Bateleur, while

the Palmnut Vulture had the highest encounter rate for the gallery forest with other

commonly encountered species there including Bateleur, African Fish-Eagle, Black

Kite, Lizard Buzzard, Grey Kestrel and African Hawk-Eagle (Table 1). Encounter rates

at vantage point observations in the reserve were higher than the per h results from

transects, but because less time was spent on the former (total 17 h of observation), the

results for each species are less informative and are not presented here; 126 raptors were

counted during vantage point observations in the reserve, giving an overall encounter

rate of 7.4 birds/h. During the ten weeks of fieldwork, the Secretary Bird Sagittarius ser-

pentarius was sighted only once, in the reserve but outside the survey period on 2 1 April.

For the unprotected area, 155 individual raptors, of 18 species, were encountered

during the transect survey. In May, 36 raptors were seen and a total distance of 70 km

was covered (51 birds per 100 km), June had 105 raptors over 170 km (62 per 100

km), while July had 14 raptors over 90 km (16 per 100 km). There was a significant

difference between months in the encounter rates of raptors during the transect survey

(X2 = 26.84, df = 2, P < 0.0001), largely because Grasshopper Buzzard was common

in May and June but not recorded in July. The overall raptor encounter rate during

transects in the unprotected area was 47 birds per 100 km ( c . 330 km) and 4.5 birds

per h (34.5 h of survey). The species with the highest encounter rate was Black Kite,

while Grasshopper Buzzard and Fox Kestrel were also common (Table 1). African

Swallow-tailed Kite, Bateleur, Brown Snake Eagle, Eurasian Marsh Harrier, Lanner

and Lizard Buzzard were encountered only once each, the Eurasian Marsh Harrier in a

rice field on 23 May. During vantage point observations outside the reserve, the

encounter rate was 3.5 birds per h (26 birds over 7.5 h of observation).

Discussion

This survey shows that the Yankari Game Reserve still retains a considerable number

of raptor species that normally occur in other nature reserves in West Africa (cf. Thiollay

72

J.D. Onoja et al.

Malimbus 36

Table 1. Transect counts of raptor species in savanna and gallery forest in the

Yankari Game Reserve,, and in the surrounding unprotected area.

2014

Raptors at Yankari

73

2006). However, only three species of vulture were seen during the survey, in contrast

to the five species recorded by Tende & Ottosson (2008), who also found Lappet-

faced Vulture Torgos tracheliotos and European Griffon Gyps fulvus. The population

of vultures in the reserve has declined markedly as compared with earlier surveys

(Dyer & Gartshore 1975, Crick & Marshall 1981). Similarly, in the Sudan Savanna

zone of West Africa, Thiollay (2006) reported a decline of 97 % of the African White-

backed Vulture in 30 years. Possible reasons for such declines may be poisoning and

persecution, and Thiollay (2007a) suggested that habitat degradation was a major

factor. Protected areas remain a haven for raptors and should be maintained as such.

However, the decline of vulture populations observed in the reserve may be due to

poisoning outside the protected area (Tende & Ottosson 2008).

Other large raptor species such as Martial Eagle, Long-crested Eagle, Tawny

Eagle, African Hawk Eagle and 'Wahl berg’s Eagle were recorded in the reserve,

including juveniles of Bateleur, Palmnut Vulture, African Hawk-eagle and Martial

Eagle, suggesting that it may be an important breeding ground for raptor species.

During both vantage point observations and road transects outside the reserve, only

adult birds were seen. It may be that the species recorded outside the reserve mostly

breed within it and only use the unprotected area for hunting.

The single sighting of Secretary Bird contrasts with the situation in the 1970s,

when Demeter (1977) suggested that the bird occurred regularly in the reserve in low

numbers. However, this species has declined so much that it is not seen in Nigeria

now outside protected areas and only rarely within them.

The species encountered most often outside the reserve were of medium size:

Black Kite, Fox Kestrel, Grasshopper Buzzard (in May-June), Dark Chanting-

Goshawk and Red-necked Buzzard. The Fox Kestrel was mostly found in an area

west of the reserve, probably due to the rocky nature of the habitat there (cf. Brown et

al 1997). Among the larger raptors recorded in the unprotected area were Bateleur

(seen once, soaring) and Long-crested Eagle (seen twice outside and twice soaring

over the protected area). Larger raptors may not find the unprotected areas conducive

because of inadequate food supply and nest sites due to the degraded nature of the

habitat. African Swallow-tailed Kite was recorded once outside the reserve; this

species has never been recorded within the reserve, either during this survey or

previously. The largest raptor encountered regularly in open plains and farmlands was

the Red-necked Buzzard. No vultures were encountered in the unprotected area,

perhaps because of the severe persecution that vultures and other raptors have

suffered (e.g, Rondeau & Thiollay 2004, Thiollay 2006). When seen, vultures were

either soaring very high or within the reserve.

There was little difference in the number of birds recorded between months

probably because most of the species recorded are residents or have resident

populations. In the case of Grasshopper Buzzard, not recorded in July during the

survey outside the reserve, nor within it that month (casual observations), it may have

migrated northwards to breed then (Brown et al 1997).

74

J.D. Onoja et al.

Malimbus 36

The average number of raptors observed in the unprotected area was 0.48

birds/km, lower than in the protected area (0.75), despite the transect speed being

slower and raptor detectability probably higher outside the reserve. It is also lower

than in other studies (1.63, Thiollay 2006; 0.58, Tende & Ottosson 2008). The lower

rate outside the reserve could be partly due to the surveys there having been carried

out later than those in the reserve, so that Palaearctic migrants such as Honey-

Buzzard, harriers and Red-footed Falcon would have departed by the later part of the

unprotected area survey. However, higher encounter rates were found outside the

reserve for the migrant Black Kite and, overall, the proportion of species encountered

that were Palaearctic migrants was small, so that this factor could not account for the

generally lower encounter rate in the unprotected area. Rather, other factors such as

pesticide use on farmlands may have reduced the number of insects and rodents in

unprotected areas, making them less suitable for raptors as compared with protected

areas. Overgrazing and cutting of trees and other vegetation for farming have also

resulted in low quality habitat in the unprotected area, and the area is highly disturbed

by people. In unprotected areas there may also be direct persecution of raptors. People

sometimes kill them for meat or to prevent them from preying on their domestic

chickens (Tende & Ottosson 2008). These reasons may be the cause of the decline of

raptors, especially the large ones, while the medium-sized species that can survive on

small prey like insects, scorpions and rodents are relatively less affected.

Although the reserve’s population of vultures and other raptor species has declined,

it still has the potential to sustain the populations of raptors left, its habitat hetero¬

geneity making it a good haven for many species of raptors. The reserve also has great

potential as an ecotourism destination and a base for biological research. Therefore, it

is recommended that efforts should be made to enlighten the surrounding communities

on the need to stop the persecution of raptors. A raptor monitoring programme also

needs to be put in place to detect changes both within and outside the reserve.

Acknowledgments

This work for the protected area was generously funded by the Leventis Foundation.

The authors are deeply grateful to the British Ornithologists’ Union for providing

additional funds and to the Swedish Ornithological Society for support. We appreciate

Haladu Idi’s support in the field. This is contribution no. 74 from the A.P. Leventis

Ornithological Research Institute, to which we are grateful for logistical support.

References

Bibby, C.J., Burgess, N.D., Hill, D.A. & Mustoe, S.H. (2000) Bird Census

Techniques. Academic Press, London.

2014

Raptors at Yankari

75

Borrow, N. & Demey, R. (2001) Birds of Western Africa : Christopher Helm,

London.

Brown, L., Urban, E.K. & Newman, K. (1997) The Birds of Africa, vol. 2. Academic

Press, London.

Brown, L. (1970) African Birds of Prey. Collins, London.

Crick, H.Q.P. & Marshall, P.J. (1981). The birds of Yankari Game Reserve,

Nigeria: their abundance and seasonal occurrence. Malimhus 3: 103-1 13.

Demeter, A. A. (1977) Additions to local avifaunas: Yankari. Bull. Niger. Orn. Soc.

13: 81.

Dyer, M. & Gartshore, M.E. (1975) Birds of Yankari Game Reserve, Nigeria. Bull.

Niger. Orn. Soc. 1 1 : 77-84.

Ezealor A.U. (ed.) (2002) Critical Sites for Biodiversity Conservation in Nigeria.

Nigerian Conservation Foundation, Lagos.

Fuller, M.R., & Mosher, J.A. (1981) Methods of detecting and counting raptors: a

review. Stud, avian Biol. 6: 235-246.

Geerling, C. (1973) The Vegetation of Yankari Game Reserve, its Utilization and

Condition. Bulletin 3, Dept of Forestry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.

Newton, I. (1979) Population Ecology of Raptors. Poyser, Berkhamsted.

Rondeau, G. & Thiollay, J.M. (2004) West African vulture decline. Vulture News

51: 13-33.

Sikes, S.K. (1964) A game survey of Yankari Game Reserve, Northern Nigeria.

Niger. Field 36: 171-180.

Tende, T. & Ottosson, U. (2008) The current status of vultures in Yankari. Vulture

News 59: 7-12.

Thiollay, J.M. (2006) The decline of raptors in West Africa: long-term assessment

and the role of protected areas. Ibis 148: 240-254.

Thiollay, J.M. (2007a) Raptor population decline in West Africa. Ostrich 78: 405^113.

Thiollay, J.M. (2007b) Raptor declines in West Africa: comparisons between

protected, buffer and cultivated areas. Oryx 41 : 1-8.

76

Malimbus 36

Birds of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture

campus, a stronghold of avian diversity in the changing

Ibadan area (Nigeria) over the last 50 years

by Taiye A. Adeyanju 1,2,3 , Ulf Ottosson1, Temidayo E. Adeyanju1,

Taiwo C. Omotoriogun1,4, Philip Hall1, Shiiwua A. Manu1, Tunrayo Alabi5,

Gbolagade A. Lameed2 & Deni Down5

!A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute,

Laminga, Jos Plateau State, P.O. Box 1304, Nigeria

department of Wildlife and Ecotourism Management, Univ. of Ibadan, Nigeria

Correspondence: <taiyelongifolia@yahoo.com>

4National Centre for Biosystematics, Natural History Museum, Univ. of Oslo, Norway

international Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria

Received 20 August 2012; revised 14 May 2014.

Summary

Data from a survey carried out between 2009 and 2013 of the bird species in

the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) campus, Ibadan, Nigeria,

are compared with records from the area around Ibadan (including IITA) for

the last 50 years. The IITA campus is an Important Bird Area (IBA) and includes

a secondary dry semi-deciduous forest reserve of c. 360 ha, which is fenced

and protected. The forested area is now being extended and enhanced by

planting indigenous trees on degraded farm plots, and by enrichment planting

in degraded areas of forest. In total, 398 bird species from at least 71 families

are now recorded for the Ibadan area, of which 322 species have been recorded

since 2002. The IBA holds at least 269 of these species (68 %) in 64 families,

while the forest reserve holds c. 137 species. Seventy-five species were mist-

netted in the IBA in our study. Twenty-five species plus 13 vagrants are new

to the IBA and the Ibadan area in general, having not been detected prior to

2002. However, a minimum 68 species plus an additional 62 vagrant species

reported in the Ibadan area by earlier studies have not been detected recently.

We report an additional 29 biome-restricted species present in the Ibadan area

(74 had been reported previously), 17 of which occur in the IBA. Diversity of

some groups of large birds ( e.g . Anatidae) has declined whereas many forest edge

or generalist species {e.g. Double-spurred Francolin Francolinus bicalcaratus)

have increased in abundance and range. Forest specialists, including many

Pycnonotidae and Bucerotidae species, appear to have declined. The IITA

campus, with its forest reserve, lakes and farm plots, is now an “island” IBA

2014

Birds of I IT A

77

of great avifauna! diversity surrounded by a highly modified anthropogenic

landscape unwelcoming for many of the birds that formerly inhabited the area.

Résumé

Les oiseaux du campus de l’Institut International d’ Agriculture Tropicale,

un bastion de la diversité de F a vif au ne dans la région d’Ibadan (Nigeria),

en évolution rapide au cours des 50 dernières années. Les données d’une

étude réalisée entre 2009 et 2013 sur les espèces d’oiseaux dans le campus de

l’Institut International d’Agriculture Tropicale (HAT), Ibadan, Nigeria, sont

comparées avec des observations dans les alentours d’Ibadan (incluant TUAT)

pendant les 50 dernières années. Le campus de F HAT est une Zone Importante

pour la Conservation des Oiseaux (ZICO) et inclut une réserve de forêt

secondaire sèche semLdécidue de c. 360 ha, clôturée et protégée. Cette zone

de forêt est en cours d’extension et d’amélioration par la plantation d’espèces

d’arbres indigènes sur des terrains agricoles dégradés et par des plantations

visant à enrichir des zones dégradées de la forêt. Au total, 398 espèces d’oiseaux

appartenant à au moins 71 familles sont aujourd’hui recensées pour la zone

d’Ibadan, dont 322 espèces ont été observées depuis 2002. La ZICO héberge

au moins 269 de ces espèces (68 %) en 64 familles, cependant que la réserve

forestière en héberge c. 137 espèces. Soixante-quinze espèces ont été

capturées au filet dans la ZICO au cours de notre étude. Vingt-cinq espèces

plus 13 occasionnelles sont nouvelles pour la ZICO et la zone d’Ibadan en général,

n’ayant pas été observées avant 2002. Cependant, au moins 68 espèces plus

62 espèces occasionnelles observées dans la zone d’Ibadan lors d’études

antérieures n’ont pas été observées récemment. Nous mentionnons 29 espèces

restreintes à un seul biome qui sont nouvelles dans la zone d’Ibadan (74 avaient

été précédemment mentionnées), parmi lesquelles 17 sont présentes dans la ZICO.

La diversité de quelques groupes de grands oiseaux (p. ex. Anatidae) a décliné

alors que de nombreuses espèces pén forestières ou généralistes (p.ex. Francolin

à double éperon Francolinus bicalcaraîus ) a augmenté en abondance et zones de

présence. Les espèces forestières, dont de nombreux Pycnonotidae et Bucerotidae,

apparaissent en déclin. Le campus de TUAT, avec sa réserve forestière, des lacs

et des terrains agricoles, est maintenant une “île” ZICO d’une grande diversité

avifaunistique au milieu d’un paysage complètement modifié par l’homme et

devenu inhospitalier pour de nombreux oiseaux autrefois présents dans la zone.

Introduction

The campus of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (HTA) at Ibadan

(7°30N, 3°55TE) occupies c. 1000 ha (Fig. 1), including a 360 ha relict of secondary dry

78

T.A. Adeyanju et al.

Malimbus 36

Figure 1. The HTA campus.

semi-deciduous rainforest, the “forest reserve”. The rest of the campus, apart from the

residential buildings, workshops and offices, consists of lakes, rice paddies, farm

plots, marshes and bushes, which provide additional habitats for wildlife. The forest

area on the campus is now being extended by reforestation and therefore the term

“forest land use” on the map (Fig. 1) includes areas preserved as forest (since 1965)

and areas recently reforested (during the last four years). The bird species at IITA

include aquatic, savanna and forest species, and the campus has been recognised as an

Important Bird Area (IBA: Ezealor 2001, A. Ezealor pers. comm.). This protected

ecosystem on the IITA campus has encouraged visitors, research and collaboration;

nonetheless it has also encouraged poachers, though hunting is prohibited on the site.

However there is no detailed, published and up to date checklist of the avifauna of

either the IITA campus as a whole (the IBA) or the forest reserve.

The Ibadan area was described in detail by Elgood & Sibley (1964). It has since grown

into a large city where demand for fuel wood, timber for furniture and building, farm¬

land and other uses has degraded the natural habitat of the area. Most areas mentioned

by Elgood & Sibley (1964) and others (see Table 1 header) as holding high bird

2014

Birds of IITA

79

diversity are now a shadow of their former selves. However in the midst of this changing

environment, the IITA campus retains a rich diversity of resident and migratory birds.

Ibadan is located in an area divided between derived savanna and forest eco¬

systems. The IITA campus possesses areas of both these ecosystems, in the form of

degraded farmland and secondary forest respectively. Early studies on the avifauna of

the Ibadan area are numerous, though many were carried out prior to the establish¬

ment of the IITA headquarters in 1965, and the consequent protection of the site. One

of the most complete early studies, which covered the general area in which IITA is

now situated, was that on bird species distribution in Ibadan and southwest Nigeria by

Elgood & Sibley (1964). This summarised earlier records for the Ibadan area, defined

as within a 10-mile (16 km) radius of Mapo Hall at the centre of the city, and with an

emphasis on birds found within and adjacent to the extensive grounds of the Univer¬

sity of Ibadan (UI). Elgood & Sibley (1964) reported 266 bird species in total, and

showed that the terrestrial element in the avifauna was evenly balanced between forest

and savanna forms. The IITA and UI are < 7 km apart, separated by villages, though

tracts of semi-natural vegetation are present. Nonetheless, some birds are capable of

flying between the two sites daily as observed for Cattle Egrets and White-faced Whist¬

ling Ducks, which roost at UI and IITA respectively (pers. obs.). Also, the checklist of

the birds of Nigeria (Elgood et al. 1994) gives numerous early records for Ibadan.

Since the establishment of the IITA campus, there have been only a few published

records from within it. The only study specifically on IITA birds was by Ezealor (2001)

for IBA designation (74 spp.). A single record for IITA was given by Ash (1990), 17

records by Elgood et al. (1994), seven more by Demey et al. (2003), and 29 others

from a study of the effects of forest fragmentation on the endangered Ibadan Malimbe

M. ibadanensis (Manu et al. 2005). Among earlier and more recent unpublished records

within IITA are PH5s from casual walks through the area during the last 25 years, and

others listed in the header to Table 1. However, there remained a need for a thorough

survey of the forest reserve and its environs within the IITA campus, to bring up to date

and consolidate our knowledge of the bird species composition of the site. Our study

therefore aims to provide an updated checklist of the avifauna at IITA. We also compare

recent records from the IITA campus with earlier published and unpublished reports

from within it, in order to investigate changes in the avifauna of the campus during

the past 25 years. We also compare these records with earlier and more recent records

from the surrounding Ibadan area, particularly UI, Eleyele, Ibadan Golf Club and

Moor Plantation in order to determine how much of the diversity previously known to

occur in Ibadan is being maintained by the protection of the IITA campus since 1965.

Methods

Each month from 2009 to 2012 counts were made along nine transects, each of 1 km,

of which three were placed along pre-cut walking trails in each of farmland, forest and

80

T.A. Adeyanju et al.

Malimbus 36

along the shore of the lake (forest and lake-shore transects shown on Fig. 2). In

addition, counts were made from vantage points at rice paddies and lakes within IITA.

Visits were made once each month of the year, all in the mornings between 6h00 and

12h00 and evenings between 15h00 and 19h00). On each visit, two or three transects

were surveyed by TAA, walking at an average speed of c. 1 km/h (open habitats) or c.

0.5-0. 7 km/h (forest interior, due to lower detection rates and need to spend more

time on bird calls). Birds seen outside the transect times are also included. General

abundance of species sighted during our study is classed as: Very Abundant (VA)

>100 may be seen or heard in suitable habitat per day; Abundant (A) 1 1-100 may be

seen or heard in suitable habitat per day; Common (C) 1-10 may be seen or heard in

suitable habitat per day; Frequent (F) often seen but not every day; Uncommon (U)

several records per year; Rare (R) one record per several years (resident species);

Vagrant (V) one record per several years (non-residents).

Excluding Vagrants, commoner species which were recorded in the area before

2002 but not seen between 2002 and 2013, including during this study, are regarded

as “lost”, while those not recorded prior to 2002 are termed “gained”, even though

some of them might have been present in the respective period but overlooked.

Vagrants (as defined above) when lost or gained are represented by a V in either

columns, and are not included in the totals of lost or gained. The bracket after the

total lost or total gained gives the number of Vagrants excluded from the totals

(Table 1).

A combination of wader nets (used for water birds) and mist nets (forest birds)

with audio playback was used by TAA, TEA, TCO and GT (TAA was involved in all

netting sessions) to trap birds at points shown on Fig. 2. Nets of varying lengths were

used, ranging between 100 and 250 m and with height varying between 1.5 and 4 m.

Netting sessions took place between 5h30 and 17h00, though sessions were shorter

when the weather was not suitable for netting birds (rain or hot weather) or when the

frequency of bird captures was low. Between five and 14 netting days were carried

out each quarter, with rotation of nets to various habitats. Within each habitat type,

nets were set up in in different sites, and were moved after 2-7 days depending on

trapping success. Net check interval was 20 min., to minimise heat stress and

exhaustion of trapped birds. More netting time was spent in forest because of the

greater probability of missing understorey birds during transect walks.

We collate and compare our 2009-13 transect and mist-netting data with earlier

records, to reveal the trends in bird species composition over time. Taxonomic

treatment follows Borrow & Demey (2001).

Results

The birds recorded at IITA in the present study, and in the Ibadan area by other recent

and earlier studies, are summarized in Table 1.

2014

Birds of HT A

81

Figure 2. Location of transects (thick black lines labelled Dam 1-3 and For 13)

and mist-netting points (ovals) within the IITA campus IB A,

Table 1. Birds of the III A campus 1BA recorded in the present study, plus other recent and earlier records from I IT A

(sources underlined) and from the Ibadan area. Early records: Ban = Bannerman (1930-51); Wil = Willoughby (1949); S =

Serle (1950); ES = Elgood & Sibley (1964); EFD - Elgood et at. (1973); EE/EE = Elgood et at. (1994); JB = Button (1965);

DR = Robinson (1966); W = Wells (1966a, 1966b, 1967); B = Bass (1967); RP = Parker (1967, 1968, 1970); AP = Ashford &

Parker (1968); P - Pettet (1968a, 1968b, 1975); A - Ashford (1968, 1969); NR = Robinson (1970); BB = Broadbent (1972);

82

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’Only near residences.

’Occasional throughout dry season.

?BIack variant “ epomidis ” Frequent.

Observed Netted Other recent Early Gained Lost

this study this study records records

90

T.A. Adeyanju et al

Malimbus 36

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H. chelicuti Striped Kingfisher ES

Ceyx lecontei African Dwarf Kingfisher (once) JA, EE

C. pictus African Pygmy Kingfisher R 1 ES, NR

2014

Birds of HT A

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*Last observed in IITA in 2000, a pair calling throughout the rains,

throughout dry season, restricted to area on west bank of main lake.

‘A pair breeding, Oct 1990.

Observed Netted Other recent Early Gained Lost

this study this study records records

92

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33Recorded by ES as frequent and by PH as a common breeder in the 1990s. Although M found it, seems now to have disappeared

from the campus.

34 A pair parasitizing Naked- faced Barbet nests, Feb 1995.

35 A pair feeding chicks, Aug 1999.

94

T. A. Adeyanju et al

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Thescelocichla leucopleura Swamp-palm Bulbul*f C AE, ES

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2014

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3t,Savanna species termed common In Ibadan area by ES, now uncommon there; one pair observed in 201 1, in farmbush by main lake.

96

T. A. Adeyanju. et al

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Corvmella éêfvina Yellow-billed Shrike* F AE, ES, A, EE

Malaconotidae

Malaconotus cmentus Fieiy-breasted Bush-Shrike*t (one group) PH (common)., AE. ES, B, NR

M. multicolor Many-coloured Bush-Shrikef U D ES, NR, EE

2014

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39PH recorded it as fairly common on west bank of main lake, though seems much less common now; one juvenile trapped.

40Many records were originally wrongly referred to the savanna species D. adsimilis , whereas the forest records should refer to D. modestus.

Observed Netted Other recent Early Gained Lost

this study this study records records

100

T.A. Adeyanju et al

Malimbus 36

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Emberiza cabanisi Cabanis" s Bunting ES X

Totals: 71 families, 398 species 233 75 74 361 25(13) 68(62)

(269 in IITA campus IB A; 138 in forest reserve)

102

T.A. Adeyanju et al.

Malimbus 36

Discussion

A total of 398 bird species from at least 71 families is now recorded for the Ibadan

area, of which the IITA campus IBA holds at least 269 species (68 %) from 64

families, of which 75 species have been mist-netted during our study, while the forest

reserve holds at least 138 species, of which 36 species were mist-netted there during

our study. Twenty-five species plus 13 vagrants are new to the IITA campus IBA,

having not been detected on the site prior to 2002. However, 68 species plus an

additional 62 vagrant species reported in the Ibadan area or in IITA by earlier studies

have not been detected on the site recently. In general, the diversity of some groups of

large birds ( e.g . Anatidae) has declined, although many of these were vagrants,

whereas many forest edge or generalist species (e.g. Francolinus bicalcaratus) have

increased in abundance and range. Forest specialists, including many Pycnonotidae

and Bucerotidae, appear to have declined. The use of mist-nets aided the detection of

several species previously unknown from the IITA campus, including Indicator

maculatus, Campethera nivosa, Smithornis mfo lateralis, Andropadus gracilis,

Neocossyphus poensis, Macrosphenus kempi, M. concolor and Cinnyris minullus.

For the IBA, Ezealor (2001) listed 67 species restricted to the Guinea Congo

Rainforest (GCR) biome and seven restricted to the Sudan Guinea Savanna (SGS)

biome, with “restricted” meaning having 70 % or more of their range within a

particular biome (Fishpool & Evans 2001). We report an additional 29 biome-

restricted species of which 27 belong to the GCR (17 of which occur in the forest

reserve) and two to the SGS, bringing the total GCR species in the Ibadan area to 94

(84 in the IBA plus 10 without), although nine (plus five classed as vagrants) of the

biome-restricted species mentioned by Ezealor (2001) as occurring in the IBA have

not been sighted recently (i.e. the GCR species Pteronetta hartlaubii, Gymnobucco

peli, G. calvus, Melichneutes robustus, Dendropicos gabonensis, Coracina azurea,

Ixonotus guttatus, Phyllastrephus icterinus, Criniger ndussumensis, Cisticola

anonymus, Muscicapa tessmanni and Cinnyris superbus, and the SGS species

Musophaga violacea and Hirundo leucosoma). These changes, if genuine losses, have

occurred over little more than a decade. Ten GCR species, observed in Ibadan by

earlier studies but not at the IBA by Ezealor (2001), have not been sighted recently in

Ibadan either, i.e. Francolinus lathami, Columba iriditorques, Prodotiscus insignis,

Erythrocercus mccallii, Megabyas flammulatus, Illadopsis puveli, Turdoides

reinwardtii, Anthreptes rectirostris, Plocepasser superciliosus and Nigrita luteifrons.

Nonetheless, the loss of these species depicts the importance of conserving sites such

as IITA where their forest habitat is being preserved and now extended. Many of the

forest fragments mentioned by Elgood & Sibley (1964) are now a shadow of their

former selves, with some now occupied by plantations of fast-growing exotics such as

Gmelina, Tectona and Eucalyptus species.

The 17 new GCR species now occurring at the IBA are Bubo poensis, Pogoniulus

atroflavus. Indicator maculatus, Campethera nivosa, Smithornis rufolateralis, Andropadus

2014

Birds of HT A

103

gracilis , Cossypha cyanocampter, Neocossyphus poensis , Macrosphenus kempi, M.

concolor, Sylvietta denîi, Fraseria ocreata, Muscicapa olicascens , Cinnyris minullus,

Oriolus brachyrhynchus , Dicrurus atripennis and Nigrita fusconotus The two new

SGS species are Eremomela pusilla and Ptilostomus afer. The apparent arrival of

these species at the site might be attributed to genuine colonisation or to their having

been overlooked in previous surveys. The identification of most of these species was

confirmed by mist netting, with ringing data available for verification.

The Ibadan area still holds many bird species, although some 68 species (plus 62

vagrants) recorded prior to 2002 have not been recorded recently and now appear to

be missing from the area. Reasons may include the fact that some of these are

inconspicuous species of high forest, not usually found outside this habitat. However,

many others are conspicuous and would therefore not be easily overlooked. A few

others may return as vagrants, while a good number are migrants and therefore

recorded seasonally.

The comparison of recent with earlier records reveals significant changes in the

avifauna of the H I A campus and the surrounding Ibadan area. Some of these changes

might not be directly attributed to changes within the campus but rather to the

ongoing destruction of forest patches outside it. The city of Ibadan is expanding and

many of the patches of forest around the reserve have now been replaced by housing,

and natural corridors are thinning out. On the other hand, the extension of the derived

savanna up to the edges of the campus IBA, as a result of farmland degradation and

clearance of forest and bush, has permitted colonization by an increasing number of

birds formerly unknown to the area when it was forested.

Although the IITA campus IBA is protected by a fence from cattle grazers and

loggers, the farming activities of the research institute itself are beginning to encroach

into its forest reserve areas. Reasons given for this include low productivity from old

farm plots, therefore new sites for farm plots are often taken from areas formerly

covered by secondary forest. In support of conservation on the site, reforestation over

the last four years has begun increasing the area covered by forest though it has not been

made clear whether the forest is primarily managed to improve the productivity of

soils for agriculture or to conserve soil and wildlife. A balance between land use and

biological diversity needs to be agreed upon. Further studies are needed to monitor

changes in avifaunal diversity along land use gradients including outside the IITA campus,

and longer-term studies are required to monitor bird populations within the IBA.

Acknowledgments

We thank APLORI for collaboration and logistical support during the field work. We

acknowledge financial and moral support of the Institute of Immunology, Laboratoire

National De Santé, Luxemburg, who provided funding for TAA’s PhD program at the

University of Ibadan. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their constructive

104

T. A. Adeyanju et al.

Malimbus 36

comments, which greatly improved this report. We thank Matt Stevens, Grace

Torkura, Hope Usieta, John Peacock and Ruth Akagu for stimulating companionship

and support during field-work. We appreciate John Peacock’s enthusiasm for our

study, and the hospitality and collaboration of the IITA Management and IITA-

Leventis Forest Project to staff and rangers during the field work. This is contribution

no. 75 from the A.P. Leventis Ornithological Research Institute.

References

Adeyanju T.E & Adeyanju, T.A (2012) Avifauna of University of Ibadan environs

Ibadan, Nigeria. Pp. 27-34 in Babalolo, F.D., Coker, O.M. & Borokini, T.I.

(eds) Proceedings of 3rd Annual Seminar of Nigerian Tropical Biological

Association (NTBA). Nigeria Tropical Biology Association, Ibadan.

Ash, J.S. (1990) Additions to the avifauna of Nigeria, with notes on distributional

changes and breeding. Malimbus 1 1 : 104-116.

Ashford, R.W. (1968) Hirundine records from University of Ibadan campus. Bull

Niger. Orn. Soc. 5: 48.

Ashford, R.W. (1969) Two species new to Ibadan and associated records. Bull.

Niger. Orn. Soc. 6: 30-31.

Ashford, R.W. & Parker, R.W. (1968) Reed warblers at Ibadan: two species new to

the area. Bull. Niger. Orn. Soc. 5: 96.

Bannerman, D.A. (1930-51) The Birds of Tropical West Africa, vols 1-8. Crown

Agents, London.

Bass, H.G.M. (1967) Notes on birds at Ibadan and elsewhere. Bull. Niger. Orn. Soc.

4(13): 31-35.

BORROW, N. & Demey, R. (2010) Field Guide to the Birds of Western Africa.

Christopher Helm, London.

Broadbent, J. A. (1972) Interesting records for the Ibadan area. Bull. Niger. Orn.

Soc. 8: 54-58.

Button, J.A. (1965) Harlequin Quail at Illaro and Ibadan. Bull. Niger. Orn. Soc. 2: 53.

Demey, R. (2006) Recent Reports. Bull. Afr. Bird Club 13: 228.

Demey, R., Dowsett-Lemaire, F. & Dowsett, R.J. (2003) Notable bird observa¬

tions from Nigeria, including the first records of Spot-breasted Ibis Bostrychia

rara and Yellow Longbill Macrosphenus flavicans. Malimbus 25: 85-94.

Elgood, J.H. & Sibley, F.C. (1964) The tropical forest edge avifauna of Ibadan,

Nigeria. Ibis 106: 221-241.

Elgood, J.H., Fry, C.H. & Dowsett, R.J. (1973) African migrants in Nigeria. Ibis:

115:375^109

Elgood, J.H., Heigham, J.B., Moore, A.M., Nason, A.M., Sharland, R.E. &

Skinner, N.J. (1994) The Birds of Nigeria. Checklist 4, 2nd ed., British

Ornithologists’ Union, Tring.

2014

Birds oflITA

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Ezealor, A.U. (2001) Nigeria. Pp. 661-692 in Fishpool, L.D.C., & Evans, MX

(eds) Important Bird Areas in Africa and Associated Islands : priority sites for

conservation. Pisces, Newbury.

Fishpool, L.D.C. & Evans, MI. (eds) (2001) Important Bird Areas in Africa and

Associated Islands: priority sites for conservation . Pisces, Newbury.

Manu, S., Peach, W. & Cresswell, W. (2005) Notes on the natural history of the

Ibadan Malimbe Malimbus ibadanensis , a threatened Nigerian endemic.

Malimbus 27: 33-39.

Parker, R.H. (1967) Additions to local avifaunas Ibadan. Bull Niger. Om. Soc. 4(15): 16.

Parker, R.H. (1968) Two interesting migrants at Ibadan Bull. Niger. Om. Soc. 5: 96.

Parker, R.H. (1970) Additions to the local avifauna — Ibadan. Bull. Niger. Om. Soc.

7:38.

Pettet, A. (F968a) Miscellaneous bird records for the Ibadan area. Bull. Niger. Om.

Soc. 5: 52.

Pettet, A. (1968b) New records for the Ibadan area. Bull Niger. Orn. Soc. 5:51.

Pettet, A. (1975) Breeding behavior of Clamator glandarius at Ibadan in southern

Nigeria. Bull Niger. Orn. Soc. 1 1 : 34-40.

Robinson, D.M. (1966) Wood Ibis at Ibadan. Bull Niger. Orn. Soc. 3:13.

Robinson, N. (1970) A bird bath in an Ibadan compound: Jericho reservation. Bull

Niger. Orn. Soc. 7: 27-30.

Seule, W. (1950) Notes on the birds of south-western Nigeria. Ibis 92: 84-94.

Thibault, M., Defos du Rau, P. & Welch, S. (2012) First records of Long-legged

Pipit Anthus pallidiventris for Nigeria and Benin. Bull Afr. Bird Club 19: 206-208.

Wells. D.R (1966a) A Striped Crake Porzana marginalis at Ibadan. Bull. Niger.

Orn. Soc . 3: 13.

WELLS, D.R. (1966b) Migrant Scops Owls Otus scops at Ibadan. Bull Niger. Orn.

Soc . 3: 10-11.

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106

Malimbus 36

L’avifaune d’un milieu de riziculture et de ses environs dans

la zone humide de Grand-Bassam, sud-est Côte d’ivoire

par Guillaume S.K. Odoukpé, Hilaire K. Yaokokoré-Béibro*,

Michael E. Konan & Pierre K. Kouadio

Université de Cocody- Abidjan, UFR Biosciences,

Laboratoire de Zoologie et Biologie Animale, BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’ivoire

* Correspondance: <hyaokokore@yahoo.fr>

Reçu 24 décembre 2013; revu 29 juillet 2014

Résumé

Une étude de l’avifaune a été menée de juillet à septembre 2009 dans le

milieu rizicole inondé de la zone humide d’importance internationale de

Grand-Bassam. Au cours de ces trois mois, 121 espèces d’oiseaux de 38

familles ont été observées, y compris 30 espèces nouvelles observées pour ce

site, ce qui porte la liste de l’avifaune de cette zone humide à 186 espèces.

Summary

Birds of a rice-field area in the Grand Bassam wetlands, south-east Ivory

Coast. We undertook a study of the birds in an area of flooded rice cultivation

in the Grand-Bassam Wetland of International Importance from July to

September 2009. Over the three months, 121 bird species from 38 families

were observed, including 30 species new for the site, bringing the avifauna of

the wetland to 186 species.

Introduction

Dans un environnement naturel modifié par l’extension des cultures de riz Oryza spp.,

certaines espèces d’oiseaux qui souffraient d’une forte mortalité naturelle en fin de

saison sèche trouvent maintenant de quoi survivre et se multiplier, causant

d’importants dégâts (Tréca 1985, Manikowski et al. 1991). D’autres sont attirées par

les cultures et s’y installent pour toute la saison. Les diverses méthodes de protection

des cultures ont pour objectif premier de remettre les déprédateurs à leur place.

Encore faut-il déterminer les espèces responsables des dégâts, connaître leur

comportement et les moments où elles causent le plus de pertes, afin que des

aménagements judicieux, l’emploi de bons procédés culturaux et un calendrier

2014

Oiseaux d’un milieu de riziculture

107

cultural basé sur les dates de présence et d’absence des oiseaux déprédateurs, suffisent

à réduire le niveau des dégâts (Tréca 1985, 1989, Manikowski et al. 1991).

La culture du riz est pratiquée de plus en plus en Côte d’ivoire et depuis quelques

années la politique gouvernementale en matière d’autosuffisance alimentaire

encourage sa production. À Grand-Bassam, certaines espèces d’oiseaux qui

fréquentent l’ agro-écosystème de riziculture intensive pourraient provoquer des pertes

sur leur productivité. Cependant, aucune donnée scientifique sur la thématique n’est

disponible aussi bien pour l’avifaune que pour les pertes occasionnées. La base de

toute compréhension de la problématique repose sur la connaissance de la diversité

des oiseaux qui fréquentent les différents habitats de ce milieu. Le but de cette étude

est de connaître la communauté des oiseaux qui fréquentent aussi bien les champs de

riz que les divers autres habitats que renferme ce milieu de riziculture.

Site d’étude et méthodes

La zone humide de Grand-Bassam (5°21rN, 3°46'W) est située dans la partie est du

littoral ivoirien (Fig. 1). Elle couvre une superficie de 40 210 ha (Yaokokoré-Béibro

et al. 2010). Le site d’étude, de coordonnées 5°13TM, 3°42'W et 5°14rN, 3°4LW, est

une bande de terre comprise entre la lagune Ebrié et le fleuve Comoé. Le climat, de

type tropical humide, est caractérisé par deux saisons pluvieuses (avril à mi-juillet et

mi-septembre à novembre) et deux saisons sèches (Brou 1997). La pluviométrie varie

de 2000 à 2200 mm avec une moyenne annuelle de 2100 mm. La température varie de

21 à 33°C, avec une moyenne annuelle de 26,5°C. La moyenne annuelle de l’humidité

relative avoisine 85% (Société d’Exploitation Aérienne et Météorologique: données

non-publiées). Le fleuve Comoé et la lagune Ebrié confluent dans cette zone humide

pour former le plus vaste estuaire du littoral ivoirien. La région appartient au secteur

littoral du grand domaine phytogéographique guinéen et est caractérisée

majoritairement par des prairies (75% de la superficie) et des galeries forestières

marécageuses, qui se présentent sous la forme de longues bandes étroites parallèles au

rivage lagunaire (Guillaumet & Adjanohoun 1971). A coté de ces formations

naturelles, le paysage de Grand-Bassam est aussi caractérisé par les plantations de

Cocotiers Cocos nucifera, de Palmiers à huile Elaeis guineensis et de riz (inondé sans

régulation de l’eau) Oryza glaberrima et O. sativa.

En vue d’identifier un grand nombre d’espèces et de couvrir l’ensemble des

habitats, le site d’étude a été scindé en cinq zones, selon leur accessibilité. Dans

chaque zone, quatre jours d’inventaires ont été effectués mensuellement de juillet à

septembre 2009. Ces inventaires ont eu lieu de 6h30 à llhOO et de 16h00 à 18h00

(Yaokokoré-Béibro 2001). La méthode de points de comptage a permis d’effectuer

des inventaires dans les cinq zones.

Pour la reconnaissance des espèces, Borrow & Demey (2001) et les disques des

chants et cris de Chappuis (2000) ont été utilisés. L’ordre, la nomenclature et le statut

108

GS.K.Odoukpé et al.

Malimbus 36

biogéographique des espèces suivent Borrow & Demey (2001), leurs habitats

préférentiels Yaokokoré-Béibro (2001) et leurs biomes Fishpool & Evans (2001).

5= .Si

LAGUNE EBRIE

GOLF DE GUINEE

★ Zoïiè

(^Siw d'éttadt

Figure 1. Localisation de la zone d’étude indiquant les parcelles rizicoles dans la

zone humide de Grand Bassam.

Résultats

Au total, 121 espèces de 37 familles ont été identifiées au cours de l’étude (Tableau

1). Les non-passeriformes sont représentés par 63 espèces, et les passériformes par 58

espèces. Le statut biogéographique indique que 99 espèces sont typiquement

résidentes. Huit espèces sont typiquement migratrices dont cinq migrateurs

paléarctiques, deux migrateurs intra-africains et un migrateur mixte (Tableau 1).

Quatorze espèces sont à la fois résidentes et migratrices.

Les espèces inféodées aux milieux ouverts sont les plus nombreuses (58 soit 48 %

du peuplement). Elles sont suivies par les espèces forestières généralistes (29 soit 24 %

du peuplement) et les espèces des zones humides (23 soit 19 % du peuplement). Les

espèces sténotypiques de forêt sont les moins nombreuses (11 soit 9 % du peuplement).

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Oiseaux d’un milieu de riziculture

109

Quarante-sept espèces (soit 39 % des espèces observées) ont été inventoriées aussi

bien dans les champs de riz que dans les autres habitats. Les autres 74 espèces (61 %)

n’ont pas été inventoriées dans les rizières au cours de l’étude.

Tableau 1. Liste des oiseaux observés dans la zone de riziculture de Grand-

Bassam. f nouvellement observée dans la zone. Statut biogéographique: R = résident;

P = migrateur paléarctique; M = migrateur intra-africain. Habitat principal: E = eaux,

zones humides; O = milieux ouverts; F = forêt secondaire; FF = forêt primaire;

* observée dans les champs de riz; A04 = restreinte au biome des savanes soudano-

guinéenne; A05 = restreinte au biome des forêts guinéo-congolaises.

Statut Habitat

Phalacrocoracidae

110

GS.K.Odoukpé et ai.

Malimbus 36

2014

Oiseaux d’un milieu de riziculture

111

112

GS.K.ûdoukpé et al

Malimbus 36

Quatre espèces méritent des commentaires compte tenu du peu de données dont on

dispose sur elles dans cette région. Un individu de Centropus grillii a été observé le

2014

Oiseaux d’un milieu de riziculture

113

10 août 2009 dans la zone 5. La présence de l’espèce est confirmée par les travaux de

Gueye (2013). Cette espèce se distingue de la forme epomidis de C. senegalensis,

aussi présente et résidente dans la région, par sa coloration noire (tête, parties

inférieures, queue) et ses ailes roussâtres. La forme epomidis , assez commune entre

les individus typiques de C. senegalensis sur le site et bien connu des auteurs, se

caractérise par la tête et la gorge noires et par les ailes et les parties inférieures

marron. Deux individus de Lyhius hidentatus ont été régulièrement observés dans les

zones 1 et 3, de juillet à septembre 2009. Lybius bidentatus est semblable à L. dubius,

mais s’en distingue par l’absence de bande pectorale noire et la présence d’une barre

alaire rouge. Cette espèce a déjà été mentionnée dans le sud-est de la Côte d’ivoire,

dans le parc national des îles Ehotilé (Yaokokoré-Béibro 2010). Un individu de

Chalcomitra senegalensis a été observé le 19 juillet 2009 dans la zone 1. Cette espèce

a également été mentionnée dans cette région par Yaokokoré-Béibro et al. (2010).

Pyrenestes ostrinus a été régulièrement observé dans le site d’étude de juillet à

septembre 2009, avec une abondance avoisinant la cinquantaine d’individus. Les

mâles adultes de P. ostrinus sont semblable à ceux de P. sanguineus, que nous n’avons

pas enregistré sur le site, par la tête, la poitrine, les flancs, le croupion et la queue

rouges ainsi qu’un cercle oculaire blanc; ils sont cependant distincts par le reste de

leur coloration qui est noire pour P. ostrinus et brun terre pour P. sanguineus.

Discussion

La richesse spécifique de la zone prospectée montre que ce milieu de riziculture

renferme une grande diversité d’oiseaux. Les travaux antérieurs (Demey & Fishpool,

1991, N’guessan 2007, Lachenaud et al. 2008, Yaokokoré-Béibro et al. 2010) ont

permis d’inventorier 156 espèces pour la zone humide d’importance internationale de

Grand Bassam. L’étude a permis d’identifier 30 espèces nouvelles pour la zone. La

liste des espèces de la zone humide de Grand-Bassam s’élève ainsi à 186 espèces dont

deux, Sterna balaenarum et Bycanistes cylindricus, sont proches de la menace (NT)

dans la liste rouge de l’UICN (BirdLife International 2004). Toutefois, 45 espèces

mentionnées dans la région d’étude (Yaokokoré et al. 2010), comprenant de

nombreux migrateurs, n’ont pas été observées. Ceci serait lié à la période de l’étude

qui est très courte (de juillet à septembre 2009) et défavorable à l’observation des

migrateurs paléarctiques (seulement huit migrateurs paléarctiques sont présentés dans

cette étude). Vu qu’aucune véritable étude de population de l’avifaune n’a été effectuée

dans la région, il est probable que le statut de certaines espèces d’oiseau, telles que

Egretta alba et Centropus grillii, ne soit pas clairement défini. Certaines autres,

indiquées comme à la fois résidentes et migratrices, pourraient être seulement résidentes

dans la région d’étude, et migratrices dans d’autres parties du pays ( Accipiter badius,

Rostratula benghalensis, Hirundo abyssinica ). Pour d’autres, l’existence d’une

population résidente est prouvée, mais on soupçonne également celle de migrateurs

114

GS.K.Odoukpé et al

Malimbus 36

africains (. Egretta intermedia ), ou paléarctiques (. Ixohrychus minutas, Nycticorax

nycticorax) ou les deux (Ardeola ralloides). Milvus migra ns est un migrateur africain

nicheur dans la région, avec la présence possible de migrateurs paléarctiques.

Trois des espèces typiques qui fréquentent la végétation côtière et les mangroves

(Anabathmis reichenbachü, Ploceus aurantius et P pelzelnî) ont été observées, 27 des

188 espèces restreintes au biome des forêts guinéo-congolaises et deux des 38 espèces

restreintes au biome des savanes soudano-guinéenne (Fishpool & Evans 2001).

Comparé aux autres sites du littoral ivoirien, la liste totale des 186 espèces

d’oiseaux du milieu rizicole de Grand Bassam partage 83 % de son peuplement avec

la forêt classée de M’ganda N’ganda (Kouadio 2006), 72 % avec le parc national des

Iles Ehoti îé (Yaokokoré-Béibro 2010) et 55 % avec le parc national d’Azagny

(Fishpool & Evans 2001, Demey 2006). La zone humide de Sassandra-Dagbégo, plus

au sud-ouest, partage avec le site d’étude 59 % du peuplement (Lachenaud 2006). Ces

chiffres montrent que la zone humide Ramsar de Grand-Bassani est bien

complémentaire des autres sites du littoral ivoirien et vaut d’être protégée.

Cette liste préliminaire du peuplement d’oiseaux dans la zone de riziculture de la

zone humide de Grand Bassam montre que les espèces qui fréquentent les champs

cultivés ne sont pas toutes des déprédatrices du riz. Certaines sont insectivores et

contribuent à la régulation naturelle des insectes ravageurs des cultures. D’autres sont

des prédateurs d’oiseaux, de rongeurs et de reptiles. La lutte ou la protection des

champs contre les oiseaux nécessite donc de connaître les espèces responsables des

pertes et leurs caractéristiques écologiques, biologiques et comportementales. Des

études complémentaires sur deux cycles annuels sont nécessaires pour compléter ces

premières données.

Bibliographie

BirdLife International. (2004) Threatened Birds of the World 2004 . CD-ROM,

BirdLife International, Cambridge.

Borrow, N. & Demey, R. (2001) Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm, Londres.

Brou, Y. (1997). Analyse et dynamique de la pluviométrie en milieu forestier

ivoirien. Thèse de Doctorat 3ème cycle. Université de Cocody- Abidjan, Abidjan.

Chappuis, C. (2000) African Bird Sounds. Birds of North , West and Central Africa .

Livrette et 15 CD. Société d’ Etudes Ornithologiques de France, Paris.

Demey R. & Fishpool L.D.C. (1991) Additions and annotations to the avifauna of

Côte d’Ivoire. Malimbus, 12: 61-86.

Demey, R. (2006) Liste des espèces d’oiseaux des parcs nationaux de Côte-d’Ivoire.

Pp. 517-532 in Lauginie, F. (ed.) 2007. Conservation de la Nature et Aires

Protégées en Côte-d’Ivoire. NEI/Hachette et Afrique Nature, Abidjan.

Fishpool, L.D.C. & Evans, MI. (eds) (2001) Important Bird Areas in Africa and

Associated Islands. BirdLife International, Cambridge.

2014

Oiseaux d’un milieu de riziculture

115

Gueye M.F. (2013) Inventaire Ornithologique d’un Milieu Urbain Côtier de Côte

d’ivoire: cas de la ville de Grand-Bassam. DEA Écologie Tropicale, Université

Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan.

Guillaumet, J.-L. & Adjanohoun, E. (1971) La végétation de la Côte d’ivoire.

Mém. Off. Rech. Sci. Tech. Outre- Mer 50: 157-263.

Kouadio, K. P. (2006) Avifaune de la forêt classée de N’ganda N’ganda à Assinie-

mafia (Côte d’ivoire): inventaire et distribution. DEA Écologie Tropicale,

Université de Cocody- Abidjan, Abidjan.

Lachenaud, O. (2006) Les oiseaux de la région de Sassandra, Côte d’ivoire.

Malimbus 28: 18-34.

Lachenaud, O., Oosterhuis, H.-J., Boedts, B. & Gunningham, J. (2008) Nouvelles

observations ornithologiques en Côte d’ivoire. Malimbus 30: 19-29.

Manikowski* S., Ndiaye, A.B. & TrÉca, B. (1991) Manuel de Protection des

Cultures contre les Dégâts d’Oiseaux. Rapport F AO- Appui à la lutte antiaviaire -

Projet TCP/SEN/0053, FAO, Rome.

N’guessan, A.M. (2007) Avifaune de la Zone Humide d’importance Internationale de

Grand-Bassam (Côte d’ivoire): Inventaire, Structure du Peuplement et Origine

Biogéographique. DEA Écologie Tropicale, Université de Cocody- Abidjan,

Abidjan.

Thiollay, J.M. (1986) Structure comparée du peuplement avien des trois sites de

forêt primaire en Guyane. Terre Vie 41: 59-105.

TrÉca, B. (1985) Les possibilités de lutte contre les oiseaux d’eau pour protéger les

rizières en Afrique de l’Ouest. J. Agric. trad. Bot. appl. 23: 191-213.

TrÉca, B. (1989) Les risques de dégâts d’oiseaux sur les rizières sahéliennes. Pp.

167-175 in Eldin, M. & Milleville, P. (eds), Le Risque en Agriculture.

ORSTOM, Paris.

TrÉca, B. (1992) Waterbirds and rice cultivation in West Africa. Proc. VII Pan- Afr.

Orn. Congr. : 297-301.

YaokokorÉ-BÉIBRO, K.H. (2001) Avifaune des Forêts Classées de l’Est de la Côte

d’ivoire: Données sur l’Ecologie des Espèces et Effet de la Déforestation sur les

Peuplements. Cas des forêts classées de la Béki et de la Bossématié

(Abengourou). Thèse de Doctorat, Université de Cocody- Abidjan, Abidjan.

Yaokokoré-Béibro, K.H. (2010) Oiseaux du Parc National des Iles Ehotilé, sud-est

Côte d’ivoire. Malimbus 32: 89-102.

Yaokokoré-Béibro, K.H., N’guessan, A.M., Odoukpé, K.S.G., Zouzou, E.J.,

N’douba, V. & Kouassi, K.P. (2010) Premières données sur les oiseaux de la zone

humide d’importance internationale de Grand-Bassam (Côte d’ivoire). Int. J. biol.

chem. Sci. 4: 2169-2180.

116

Malimbus 36

Short Notes — Notes Courtes

Records of African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus and a Halcyon

kingfisher on Sâo Tomé

On 21 July 2011, one of us (AT) observed a female African Pygmy Goose Nettapus

auritus feeding and resting in a sheltered part of the river Io Grande, Dona Eugénia

area (0.13322°N, 6.61979°E), in southeast Sâo Tomé. The bird was observed for at

least 20 min. (10hl0-10h30) and several photos were taken (Fig. 1). The distinct

plumage of the species and the perfect observational circumstances exclude

misidentification. The African Pygmy Goose is distributed over large parts of sub-

Saharan Africa, where it is largely confined to freshwater lakes, marshes and rivers

(Brown et al. 1982, Borrow & Demey 2001). It is noted as vagrant to the islands of

Sâo Tomé and Principe in the Gulf of Guinea on the IUCN Red List (<http://www.

iucnredlist.org/>, consulted Feb 2014), but to the best of our knowledge no

observations have been formally reported to date. Sâo Tomé is located c. 175 km west

of the coast of Gabon, and the present record thus demonstrates the species’ capability

of dispersal over the sea.

The day before this observation, i.e. 20 July 2011, we encountered yet another

unexpected bird for Sâo Tome: a Halcyon kingfisher. This observation was made

during a walk along the Io Grande, close to its junction with the river Ana Chaves

(0.13738°N, 6.61971°E). The bird perched on a dead branch of a tree located up the

almost vertical bank of the river. Unfortunately, it was raining at the time of the

observation, which, in combination with the long distance ( c . 150 m), rendered

detailed observations impossible. We observed clearly the typical silhouette of a

Halcyon kingfisher, with proportionally very long bill and short tail; the belly and

underparts appeared light and the back and head dark; a light patch was observed on

the right wing of the bird. The Blue-breasted Kingfisher H. malimbica is resident on

the island of Principe, c. 145 km northeast of Sâo Tomé) as a local subspecies H m.

dryas, which is slightly larger than its mainland counterpart. It occurs in a wider range

of habitats on Principe than on the mainland (Christy & Clark 1 998). Our observation

could possibly have been of this subspecies, but we can neither exclude the mainland

subspecies nor other Halcyon species (in particular the Woodland Kingfisher H

senegalensis ). Jones & Tye (2006) considered all previous records of H. m. dryas for

Sâo Tomé as subject to doubt and concluded that there was no good evidence that the

species had truly occurred there; although our observation does not change this situation,

it indicates a need for vigilant attention to large kingfishers seen on Sâo Tomé.

We are grateful to the National Geographic Society for funding (Waitt Grant W172-

1 1) and Martim Melo, Octavio Veiga and Yelli for field work.

2014

Notes Courtes

117

Figure 1. Female African Pygmy Goose in a sheltered part of the river Io Grande,

southeast Sâo Tomé, 21 July 2011 (photo: A. Thomasson).

References

Borrow, N. & Demey, R. (2001) Birds of Western Africa. Christopher Helm,

London.

Brown, L.H., Urban, E.K. & Newman, K. (1982) The Birds of Africa , vol. 1.

Academic Press, London.

Christy, P. & Clarke, W.V. (1998) Guide des Oiseaux de Sâo Tomé et Principe.

ECOFAC, Sâo Tomé.

JONES, P. & Tye, A. (2006) The Birds of Sâo Tomé and Principe with Annobôn,

Islands of the Gulf of Guinea. British Ornithologists’ Union, Oxford.

Received 12 September 2013

Revised 16 February 2014

Bengt Hansson1 & August Thomasson2

'Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

<bengt.hansson@biol.lu.se>

2Sosdala 2094, 28010 Sôsdala, Sweden

Observations ornithologiques au Sénégal et en Gambie

Pendant un voyage d’ornithologues amateurs parrainé par l’Association des

Naturalistes des Yvelines (ANY, France) au Sénégal et en Gambie du 2 au 19 février

2014, les participants ont fait cinq observations particulières.

Ciconia ciconia Cigogne blanche. Nous avons observé environ 1500 Cigognes

blanches dans quatre groupes dans la Réserve de Baobolong (13°34'N, 15°47'W) en

118

Short Notes

Malimbus 36

Gambie, le 16 fév; des regroupements de centaines ou milliers d’individus de cette

espèce ont été signalés pendant les migrations (Géroudet 1994).

Gorsachius leuconotus Bihoreau à dos blanc. Nous avons aussi observé dans la

Réserve de Baobolong (13°28'N, 15°48'W), le 14 fév, un adulte et un juvénile du

Bihoreau à dos blanc (Fig. IA). Bien que cette espèce soit déjà connue de cette

région, il n’existe que peu d’évidence de sa reproduction.

Ardea cinerea Héron cendré. Un individu de la sous-espèce monicae (Héron pâle)

observé en compagnie d’autres Ardeidae, dans les arbres bordant la mare de Leba

(13021TM, 13°22'W), près de Badi à l’extérieur du Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, le

1 1 fév. Les premiers contacts visuels faisaient penser à un Héron cendré leucistique,

mais les détails obtenus grâce au télescope ont permis de bien remarquer les taches

noires le long du cou, comme illustré dans Borrow & Demey (2011). Cette sous-

espèce, considérée par certains comme espèce distincte, ne se trouve normalement

qu’aux alentours du Banc d’Arguin en Mauritanie (Borrow & Demey 2011).

Acrocephalus paludicola Phragmite aquatique. Un individu observé sur la mare de

Leba, le 1 1 fév. Deux caractéristiques rendent crédible l’observation de ce phragmite:

le dessin bien visible de la tête, avec ses trois bandes claires, nettement détachées, et

le milieu dans lequel l’oiseau a été observé, une mare entourée de plantes

marécageuses. Lors de l’observation, le phragmite était perché momentanément sur

un roseau. Jusqu’ici ce migrateur paléarctique n’a été observé que sur la côte à

l’extrême nord du Sénégal (Le Nevé et al. 2013).

Prionops plumatus Bagadais casqué. Un groupe d’une dizaine suivaient de très près

notre groupe lors d’une promenade à pied dans la bananeraie ( 1 3°2 1 TST, 13°21'W) de

Wassadou proche du Parc National du Niokolo-Koba, le 3 fév. Les oiseaux étaient

agités, volant bas et se posant souvent à quelques mètres des participants (Fig. IB)

tout au long d’un parcours de plus d’une centaine de mètres. Typiquement les Bagadais

Figure 1. A: Bihoreau à dos blanc Gorsachius leuconotus (juvénile), 14 fév 2014.

B: Prionops plumatus Bagadais casqué, 3 fév 2014. (Clichés: J. Rose).

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Notes Courtes

119

casqués fuient quand ils sont approchés de moins d’une vingtaine de mètres, et les

guides du Parc national nous ont dit qu’ils n’avaient jamais auparavant vu ce

comportement. Peut-être les oiseaux suivaient-ils un chemin habituel.

Nous remercions Lamin Sanyang, conservateur du Parc National de Niumi, qui nous a

accompagnés lors de notre visite en Gambie, et Jean-Louis Faure, membre du Groupe

Ornithologique Normand, pour sa contribution à la validation des observations.

Bibliographie

Borrow, N. & Demey, R. (2011) Birds of Senegal and The Gambia. Christopher

Helm, Londres.

GÉroudet, P. (1994), Grands Échassiers, Gallinacées, Râles d’Europe. Deiachaux et

Niestlé, Lausanne.

Le Nevé, A., Bargain, B., Tegetmeyer, C. & Guyot, G. (2013) Hivernage au

Sénégal d’un Phragmite aquatique Acrocephalus paludicola “isabelle”: longévité

de l’espèce et liens de migration. Malimbus 35: 142-146.

Reçu 31 mai 2014

Revu 1 1 août 2014

Moussa Séga Diop1, Bertrand Mennesson2 & John Rose3

‘Cité SICA de Mbao Villa N° 191, BP 20077 Dakar-Thiaroye, Sénégal;

<msediop@gmail.com>

2Co-coordinateur d’ornithologie, ANY,

Villa de Chèvreloup, 34 route de Versailles, 78150 Rocquencourt, France

31 Bis rue des Châtre-Sacs, 92310 Sèvres, France

The Parelius bird collection from Ivory Coast at the Field Museum of

Natural History, and the first country record of Rufous Cisticola

Cisticola rufus

Museum collections can play a critical role in unravelling a country’s faunistic

history. Each specimen creates a scientific, historical record of where and when a bird

occurred, from which, among other things, we can learn about changes in land cover

and climate, and infer changes in an organism’s distribution over time (e.g. Moritz et

al. 2008). This is especially useful for difficult to identify species.

We report on a collection of birds from Ivory Coast made by D. Parelius between

1964 and 1969, which has been overlooked in previous treatments of the country’s

avifauna (Thiollay 1985, Dowsett 1993, Dowsett et al. 2014). Parelius, the son of

American missionaries, lived in Ivory Coast intermittently during this period. After

being given a book on preparing bird specimens by Jim Gould, another missionary in

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Short Notes

Malimbus 36

the area, and corresponding with Melvin Traylor, curator of birds at the Field Museum

of Natural History (FMNH: Chicago, U.S.A.), he started collecting birds for the museum

in 1964. The first part of the collection (339 specimens collected in 1964-5), published

by Traylor & Parelius (1967), added 44 species to the country’s known avifauna. In

total, the Parelius collection comprises 1933 specimens of 297 species, predominantly

from the areas around Bouaké, Abidjan and Korhogo. However, while Parelius himself

is acknowledged in the first checklist of birds of Ivory Coast (Brand & Thiol lay

1969), his collection was not examined by those authors (J.-M. Thiollay pers. comm.).

We examined the complete list of Parelius specimens as catalogued and compared

it to the most recent checklist of the birds of Ivory Coast (Dowsett et al 2014). After

accounting for taxonomic discrepancies, we then examined the specimens of the three

species in the catalogue that were not included in Bowsett et ai. (2014): Rufous Cisticola

Cisticola rufus, Black-bellied Seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus and Golden breasted

Bunting Emberiza flaviventris. We determined that the bunting specimen was actually

Cabanis’ s Bunting E. cabinisi , a species already known from Ivory Coast. However,

the other two were correctly identified and we include details of those records here.

Cisticola rufus Rufous Cisticola. These specimens represent the only records of the

species for Ivory Coast, heretofore unpublished. Distinguishing Rufous Cisticola from

the sympatric Short- winged Cisticola C. brachypterus is difficult, obscured by variation

in the colour of the upperparts. In addition, based on examination of the Parelius

specimens and others in the Field Museum’s collections, we found the shape of the

Figure 1. Small cisticolas collected in northern Ivory Coast by D. Parelius. The

six on the left are Cisticola rufus , the only specimens of that species from the

country. The five on the right are C. brachypterus .

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Table 1. FMNH accession numbers and data for the specimens of Cisticola rufus

collected by D. Parelius in Ivory Coast. The coordinates are modified from the

original field notes and from Traylor & Pare! ins (1969).

■“Coordinates for Korhogo: 9°27N, 5°39'W

outermost primary, considered diagnostic by Lynes (1930), to be unreliable as an

identification criterion. However, Rufous Cisticola is distinguishable by its more

rufous upperparts, apparent in side-by-side comparisons, and by the lack of any hint

of streaking on the back (Fig, 1). Based on these features, we have identified six

specimens, which Parelius collected from three localities in northern Ivory Coast, as

Rufous Cisticola (Table 1).

Pyrenestes ostrinus Black-bellied Seedcracker. Four specimens of this widespread

estrildid were collected at Port Bouet in March 1967. This taxon is not listed in any

checklist of birds of Ivory Coast (e.g. Thiol lay 1985, Dowsett 1993, Dowsett et al.

2014), perhaps stemming from Brunei & Thiollay’ s (1969) listing only “ Pyrenestes

(ostrinus) sanguineus ”, implying that only Crimson Seedcracker P. sanguineus was

known from the country. This was in spite of an earlier publication by Brunei (1955)

stating that he collected nests of both seedcracker species at Bingerville. Regardless,

there are several recently published records from the southeast of the country: Grand

Bassam (Borrow 2000, Yaokokoré-Béibro et al. 2010), Parc National des Iles Ehotilé

(Yaokokoré-Béibro 2010) and N’Ganda N’Ganda (Kouadio et al 2014), The Parelius

skins may represent the only specimens of this taxon for Ivory Coast.

Not incorporating such distributional data in country checklists can have a

residual effect in the literature. For example, Salewski et al (2001) used the range

descriptions of Thiollay (1985) as a baseline for detecting latitudinal range shifts in

Ivorian birds. However, two of the species listed as potentially having northward

range expansions (Blackcap Babbler Turdoides reinwardtii and Black-necked Weaver

Ploeeus nigricollis) would have been omitted had Thiollay (1985) incorporated the

Parelius collection in his paper. In this case, this is not a serious error: indeed it would

have served to strengthen the conclusion of Salewski et al (2001).

This paper is not an exhaustive review of the Parelius collection. Its data are

freely availably in online museum collection databases (e.g. VertNet, ORNIS). We

encourage researchers interested in bird distributions in the Ivory Coast and West

Africa in general to incorporate this valuable collection into future studies.

122

Short Notes

Malimbus 36

This work was possible thanks to grants from the National Science Foundation for

databasing the FMNH bird collection.

References

Borrow, N. (2000) Recent Reports. Bull. Afr. Bird Club 7: 147.

Brunel, J. (1955) Observations sur les oiseaux de la Basse Côte d’ivoire. Oiseau

Rev.fr. Orn. 25: 1-16.

Brunel, J. & Thiollay, J.-M. (1969) Liste préliminaire des oiseaux de Côte d’ivoire.

Alauda 37: 230-254, 315-337.

Dowsett, R. J. Ivory Coast. In Dowsett, R. J. & Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1993) A

contribution to the distribution and taxonomy of Afrotropical and Malagasy birds.

Tauraco Res. Rep 5: 43^9.

Dowsett, R J., Atkinson, P.W. & Caddick, J. A. (2014) Checklist of the birds of

Côte d’Ivoire, <www.africanbirdclub.org/countries/checklists/downloads>, consulted

27 March 2014.

Kouadio, K.P., Yaokokoré-Béibro, K.H., Saint Guillaume, K., Odoukpé, E.M.K.,

N’Gnuessan, A.M. & Kouassi, K.P. (2014). Diversité avifaunique de la forêt

classée de N’ganda N’ganda (sud-est de la Côte d’ivoire). Afr. Sci. 10: 181-193.

Lynes, H. (1930) Review of the genus Cisticola. Ibis 6(Suppl): 1-673.

Moritz, C., Patton, J.L., Conroy, C.J., Parra, J.L., White, G.B. & Beissinger, S.R.

(2008) Impact of a century of climate change on small-mammal communities in

Yosemite National Park, USA. Science 322: 261-264.

Salewski, V., Rainey, H. & Bairlein, F. (2001) Have birds shifted their range limits

southwards in Côte d’Ivoire, West Africa? Bull. Afr. Bird Club 8: 117-120.

Thiollay, J.-M. (1985) The birds of Ivory Coast: status and distribution. Malimbus 1:

1-59.

Traylor, M. & Parelius, D. (1967) A collection of birds from the Ivory Coast.

Fieldiana 51: 91-117.

Yaokokoré-Béibro, H.K. (2010) Oiseaux du Parc National des Iles Ehotilé, sud-est

Côte d’ivoire. Malimbus 32: 89-102.

Yaokokoré-Béibro, H.K., N’Gnuessan, M.A., Odoukpé, G.K., Zouzou, EJ.,

N’douba, V. & Kouassi, P.K. (2010) Premières données sur les oiseaux de la

zone humide d'importance internationale de Grand-Bassam (Côte d’ivoire).

Internat. J. biol. chem. Sci. 4: 2169-2180.

Received 3 May 2014

Revised 4 July 2014

Joshua 1. Engel1,2, Daniel Parelius3 & John M. Bates1

^ield Museum of Natural History, Integrative Research Center,

1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605, U.S.A.

Correspondence <jengel2@fieldmuseum.org>

3427 Bakers Branch Road, Louisa, Virginia 23093, U.S.A.

2014

123

News & Comment ----- Nouvelles & Commentaires

Ornithological services of the Niokolo-Koba National Park guides

Niokolo-Koba National Park (NKNP) in southeast Senegal is, with an area of

913,000 ha, the largest nature sanctuary in that country and one of the largest and

most important in West Africa. The exceptional diversity of the fauna and flora of the

Park were recognized in 1981 with its designation by UNESCO as a Biosphere

Reserve and World Heritage site.

NKNP is also a key resource for local sustainable development and environmental

action in the area. With the encouragement of the national and local authorities, the 3 1

eco-guides of the Park have been working tirelessly through their cooperative called

GIE NIOKOLO <http://www.niokolo-safari.com> to improve and promote the Park

and foster development of the region.

The wealth of bird life in and around NKNP is exceptional, estimated at about 345

species from the distribution maps of Borrow & Demey (2011, Birds of Senegal and

The Gambia, Christopher Helm, London), without counting isolated or doubtful

observations. Since 2012 the French association “COMETE International” <http://www.

comete-intemational.org> has been assisting GIE NIOKOLO to improve its tourist

services and to contribute more effectively to the advancement and dissemination of

scientific knowledge. The guides have thus been able to organise visits to the Park and

its surroundings for international groups of amateur ornithologists in 2013 and 2014

(Diop et ah 2014, Malimbus 36: 117-119; <http://www.siteany78.org/>), and plan a

third in Senegal and Gambia in 2015. GIE NIOKOLO also offers birdwatching treks

in areas of interest outside the Park, notably just north of it (near the main entrance)

and in the foothills near the Guinean border to the south. Starting in November 2014,

the GIE will be systematically collecting and posting data from its ornithological

observations on its website, with an emphasis on raptors, water birds and species of

particular interest for ornithological tourism.

To participate in sharing information on the birds of NKNP, or for questions con¬

cerning the ornithological services of GIE NIOKOLO, readers are invited to contact us.

Ibrahima Kouyaté1, Moussa Séga Diop2 & John Rose3

1 Chair of the Ornithology Commission of GIE NIOKOLO,

BP 362, Tambacounda, Sénégal, <info@niok0lo-safari.com>

2Tmstee of COMETE International, Cité SICA de Mbao Villa N° 191,

BP 20077 Dakar-Thiaroye, Sénégal. <msediop@gmailcom>

3 President of COMETE International,

Issy-les-Moulineaux, France. <d@ mete@comete-intemational.org>

124

Malimbus 36

Society Notices — Informations de la Société

W.A.O.S. membership changes

Changements à la liste d’adhérents de la S.O.O.A.

New members — Nouveaux membres

Fox, O., Clock House, Coleshill, Swindon, Wiltshire SN6 7PT, U.K.

Guévorts, B., Rue du Prince de Galles, Akwa, BP 15779 Douala, Cameroon

Mundy, R., 9 Market Lane, Lewes, East Sussex BN7 2DS, U.K.

OsiNUBl, S.T., Swansley Wood Farm, Cambridge Rd., Caxton, Cambridge CB23 3PH,

U.K.

Parelius, D., 427 Bakers Branch Rd, Louisa, VA 23093, U.S.A.

Naturhistorisches Museum, Burgring 7, A-1010 Vienna, Austria

Address changes and corrections — Changements et corrections d’adresse

Cowan, DrP., 3 Bank Manor, Bank Road, Matlock DE4 3NF, U.K.

Fry, Prof. C.H., Bridge End House, Kentmere, Kendal, Cumbria LA8 9JP, U.K.

King, T., Cantuar, High Street, Lyminge, Kent CT18 8EN, U.K.

Kougoum, P.G., Dept of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of

Maroua, PO Box 814, Maroua, Cameroon

Wilkinson, Dr R., 2 Weston Grove, Upton-by-Chester, Chester, Cheshire CH2 1QJ,

U.K.

Wilson Ornithological Society, Museum of Zoology, The University of

Michigan, 1109 Geddes Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1079, U.S.A.

Tim Dodman, Treasurer and Membership Secretary

West African Ornithological Society

Société d’Ornithologie de l’Ouest Africain

Membership List, 1 February 2014

2

Individual Members

West African Ornithological Society

Société d’Ornithologie de l'Ouest Africain

Membership List, 1 February 2014

Would members please check their entries and notify any mistakes or changes

to the Treasurer and Membership Secretary: Tim Dodman, Hundland, Papa

Westray, Orkney KW17 2BU, U.K. <tim@timdodman.co.uk>.

To facilitate communication with members and reduce costs, members are

invited to advise the Membership Secretary (contact details above) of their email

address. If any member would like to contact another member by email, they

may write to the Membership Secretary and a message will be passed on.

1. Individual Members

(by surname in alphabetical order)

Ashford, A., 64 Main Street, Askham Bryan, York, North Yorks. Y023 3QU, U.K.

Ashford, R.W., DSc, 142 Meols Parade, Meols CH47 6AN, U.K.

Bargain, B., Village de Trunvel, 29720 Treogat, France

Barker, J.C., Avondale, Westboume Rd, Westboume, Sussex PO10 8UL, U.K.

Barlow, C, c/o D. Hook, 1 Waingate, Grimsargh, Preston, Lancs PR2 5RL, U.K.

Beaman, M., Two Jays, Kemple End, Birdy Brow, Stonyhurst, Lancashire BB6 9QY,

U.K.

Beeckoft, R., 2 Fen Cottage, Greeting St Mary, Ipswich IP6 8QE, U.K.

Belman, P.J., 2 School Passage, Southall, London UB1 2DR, U.K.

Bergh, M. van den, Nieuwezijds Voorburgwal 344, 1012 RX Amsterdam, The

Netherlands

Bijlsma, R., Doldersummerweg 1, 7983 LD, Wapse, The Netherlands

Borrow, N., 18 Knights Green, Sheringham, Norfolk NR26 8UQ, U.K.

Bowden, C.G.R., 2 Dutter End, Gamlingay, Sandy, Beds. SGI 9 3EY, U.K.

Branscombe, I., Greens, Toab, Orkney KW17 2QG, U.K.

Brqadbridge, M.H., 23A Westfield Road, Barton-on-Humber, Humberside DN18

5AA, U.K.

Brouwer, J., Wildekamp 32, 6721 JD Bennekom, The Netherlands

Browne, P.W.P., 115 Crichton Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIM 1V8, Canada

Buckingham, D.L., 1 Lion Mews, Bull St., Potton, Beds. SGI 9 2NR, U.K.

Membres Individuels

3

Bun, R,, Wuitekampweg 5, 6741 CM Lunteren, The Netherlands

Chappuis, Dr C., Les Chardonnerets, 10 Vallon du Fer à Cheval, 76530 La Bouille,

France

Cheke, Prof. R.A., Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich at Medway,

Central Avenue, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, ILK.

Citegetse, G., BirdLife International, c/o Conservation Society of Sierra Leone, 4C

Old Railway Line, Tengbeh Town, PO Box 1292, Freetown, Sierra Leone

Collins, ID., Bryher, 10 Row Lane, Seend Cleeve, Melksham SN12 6PR, U.K.

Cook, A.W., 6 Hazel Avenue, Thame, Oxon. 0X9 2AW, U.K.

Cowan, DrP., School Croft, Timmerlue Lane, Newburgh AB41 6BF, U.K.

Davies, M.G., Summerleas, Crapstone Road, Yelverton, Devon PL20 6BT, U.K.

Degauquier, R.. 298 rue Jean Jaurès, 59920 Quiévrechain, France

Demeter, A., Av. Van Beceîaere 13 A, 1170 Brussels, Belgium

Demey, R., Walter Thijsstraat 9, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium

Dodman, T.; Hundland, Papa Westray, Orkney KW17 2BU, U.K.

Dowsett, RJ,, Le Pouget, F-30440 Sumène, France

Ecgles, S.D., 8904 Narem Place, Armandale, Virginia 22003, U.S.A.

Elliot, Sir C.C.H., Bt, Ph.D., Blue Bam House, South Leigh, Witney, Oxon 0X29

6XH, U.K,

Elliott, A., Sardenya 476 Ent 30, 08025 Barcelona, Spain

Fanshawe, Dr J., Birdlife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge

CB3 0NA, U.K.

Farnsworth, S.J., Harnmerkop, Frogmill, Hurley, Maidenhead SL6 5NL, U.K.

Field, G.D., 37 Milton Grove, New Milton, Hampshire BH25 6HB, U.K.

Fishpoql, Dr L.D.C., 12 Mountain Street, Chilham, Canterbury, Kent CT4 8DQ,

U.K.

Fourie, S.R., The Orchard, Benthall Lane, Benthall, Broseley, Shrops. TF12 5RR,

U.K,

Fry, Dr C.H., Bridge End House, Kentmere, Staveley, Cumbria LA8 9JP, U.K.

Fulforb, Dr T,, Medical Research Council, Keneba Field Station, Lower River

Region, The Gambia

Gallner, J.C., St Pierre de Beaujeu, F-04420 La lavie, France

Gardiner, S., Ashfoden House, Rodmell, Lewes BN7 3HE, U.K.

Gaiter, Dr W,, Buchstrasse 20, D-73252, Ober Lenningen, Germany

Germain, Dr M.s 44 rae Cluseret, 92150 Suresnes, France

Graham, A.M., Gull’s Reach, 1 1 Armada Drive, Teignmouth TQ14 9NF, U.K.

Grant, A.C., Inverquharity Castle, Kirriemuir, Angus, Scotland, U.K.

4

Individual Members

Green, A. A., 486 Little Mohawk Road, Shelburne Falls, MA 01370, U.S.A.

Grünewald, Dr I., Stohrerweg 20, D-72070 Tübingen, Germany.

Guitard, J.-J., “Les ZoiZoZen”, Allée Saint-Esprit, 83830 Figanières, France

Gullick, T., India Alta, Villa Nueva de los Infantes, 13220 Ciudad Real, Spain

Cunningham, Dr F.J., 5892 Foxtail Court, Femdale, WA 98248, U.S.A.

Hall, P., OBE [Nigeria], A.G. Leventis Ltd, West Africa House, Hanger Lane,

Ealing, London W5 3QR, U.K.

Handke, C., Stendahlerstr. 13, D-39326 Loitsche, Germany

Harvey, M.S., 23 Birchfield Lane, Milbarton, Norwich NR14 8BZ, U.K.

Heaton, A., 19 Rydal Gardens, Ashby de la Zouche, Leicestershire LE65 1FJ, U.K.

Higgleton, P., 17 Kinlett Close, Highwoods, Colchester C04 4UE, U.K.

Hillyer, A., 2 Evergreen Drive, 8 Milton Road, Bournemouth, Dorset BH8 8IP, U.K.

Hjort, Dr C., Hessle, Munkarp 111, SE 24391 Hoor, Sweden

Holler, C., Kammakargatan 12, Stockholm 11140, Sweden

Hopkins, M., TCNN, PO Box 64, Bukuru, Plateau State, Nigeria

Horâk, D., Dept of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague,

Vinicnâ 7, CZ- 12844 Praha 2, Czech Republic

Howe, S., 9 Craigour Avenue, Torphins-by-Banchory, Aberdeen AB31 4JA, U.K.

Hoyo, J. del, Lynx Edicions, Montseny 8, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Isenmann, P., CEFE/CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5,

France

Jones, Dr P.J., Balloan House, Lairg, Sutherland, IV27 4DG, U.K.

Jones, Ms R.M., Flat 1,16 Vanbrugh Park, Blackheath, London SE3 7AF, U.K.

Kelly, Rev. M., Sonkwala, PO Box 170, Obudu, Cross River State, Nigeria

King, T., Woodlea House, Stone Drive, Colwall, Malvern, Worcs WR13 6QL, U.K.

Kisasa Kafutshi, R., 11-8540 Boulevard VIAU, St-Léonard, Québec H1R 2T7,

Canada

Klop, E., M.L. Kingstraat 28, 9728 WJ Groningen, The Netherlands

Kougoum, P.G., Dept of Environmental Sciences, Higher Institute of the Sahel,

University of Maroua-Cameroon, PO Box 46, Maroua, Cameroon.

Kreulen, D.A., Multatulilaan 58, 9752 GG Haren, The Netherlands

Kuhn, I.J., Paul Schneiderstrasse 6, D99423, Weimar, Germany

Lachenaud, O., Mellier, 79120 Chenay, France

Laesser, J., Erlenstrasse 17, CH 6020 Emmenbmcke, Switzerland

Laff argue, C., La Tuilerie, 47200 Forques sur Garonne, France

Lang, J.R., 1 Knightwood Court, Rhinefield Rd, Brockenhurst S041 7UR, U.K.

Languy, M., 1 rue de la Bruyère, B-7743 Obigies, Belgium

Leventis, A.P., CBE, 19 Ilchester Place, London W14 8AA, U.K.

Membres Individuels

5

LeedÉn, U., Theodorenstr. 13, 65189 Wiesbaden, Germany

Manu, Dr S., APLORI [Nigeria], c/o P. Hall OBE, A.G. Leventis Ltd, West Africa

House, Hanger Lane, Ealing, London W5 3QR, U.K.

Manvell, A., 14 Gloucester Road, Norwich NR2 2DX, U.K.

Martins, R., 6 Connaught Road, Norwich NR2 3BP, U.K.

Masterson, A., Cottage 3, B.S. Leon, Box A 80 Avondale, Zimbabwe

Mills, T.R., Cruglas Swyddffynnon, Ystrad Meurig, Ceredigion SY25 6AN, U.K.

Moore, A.M., 1 Uppingham Road, Oakham, Rutland LE 15 6JB, U.K.

Morel, Dr M.-Y., 43 rue Fessait, 92100 Boulogne-Billancourt, France

Mundy, P., PO Box FM 424, Famona, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Nasasagare, R.P., Ecole Normale Supérieure, BP 6983 Bujumbura, Burundi

Nelson, M., 1629 El Prado Dr., Knoxville, TN 37922, U.S.A.

Nesselroade, D., 738 Linmuth Ct, Springfield, OH 45503, U.S.A.

Ottosson, Dr U., 18A Rue de Marner, L-8280 Kehlen, Luxembourg

Park, P.O., 45 Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 1NZ, U.K.

Passavy, G., 25 rue Erard, 75012 Paris, France

Payne, Dr R.B.. 1306 Granger Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, U.S.A.

Phalan, B., Zoology Dept, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, U.K.

Portier, B., Chemin de la Neuville 40, 4821 Andrimont. Belgium

Quantrill, W., Tor House, 36 Newtown, Bradford-on-Avon, Wiltshire BA15 INF,

U.K.

Rainey, H., 140 Argyle St, Cambridge CB1 3LS, U.K.

Randall, G., 6 Abbeyfields, Abbey Rd, Great Massingham, King’s Lynn, Norfolk

PE32 2 JE, U.K.

Redman, N., 36 Soho Square, London W1D 3QZ, U.K.

Robb, M., 2300 Rue Grenet, Apt #311, St Laurent, Québec H4L 4Y9, Canada

Robin, N., 35 Rue Bonaparte, 75006 Paris, France

Rose, J., 1 bis Rue des Châtre- Sacs, 92310 Sèvres, France

Rumsey, S., Elms Farm, Pett Lane, Icklesham, Winchelsea, E Sussex TN36 4AH, U.K.

Salewski, V., Prinz-Rupprechtstr 24, 93053 Regensburg, Germany

Scholte, P.T., Nieuwe Teentuinen 12c, 1013 LV Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Short, Dr L., PMB, Nanyuki, Kenya

Sikkema, M., Eilansgrien 36, 9264 TC Earnewald, The Netherlands

Sineux, L. [Ivory Coast], Joris van der Haagenlaan 9, 6814 LI Arnhem, The

Netherlands

6

Institutional Members

Skilleter, M., 12 Westcliffe Road, Roker, Sunderland, U.K.

Skinner, Dr N.J., 48 Everitt Court, Swonells Walk, Oulton Broad, Lowestoft NR32

3PL, U.K.

Smith, V.W., 1 Karrakatta Road, Goode Beach, Albany, Western Australia 6330,

Australia

Tamungang, A.S., Dept of Animal Biology, University of Dschang, PO Box 146,

Dschang, West Province, Cameroon

Thiol lay. Dr J.-M., 2 me Rivière, F- 10220 Rouilly Sacey, France

Thoma, M., Gesellschaftsstr. 89, 3012 Bern, Switzerland

Thompson, Dr H.S., 6 Topham Way. Cambridge, Cambs CB4 3RA, U.K.

Turner, D.A., PO Box 1651, 201 17 Naivasha, Kenya

Tye, Dr A., PO Box 31, Kalo Chorio Oreinis, Nicosia 2616, Cyprus

Voaden, N.J., 18 Fair Hill, Shipham, Winscombe, Somerset BS2 1TH, U.K.

Wacher, Dr T., Conservation Programmes, Zoological Society of London, Regents

Park, London N W 1 4RY, U.K.

Wagner Hodges, Ms V.J., 12 North View, Wimbledon Common, London SW19

4UJ, U.K.

Wall, J.W., 19 Tisdale Road, Scarsdale, New York, NY 10583-5613, U.S.A.

Wallace, J.P., 50 Cherrybum Gardens, Fenham, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE4 9UO,

U.K.

Walsh, J.F., 80 Arundel Road, Lytham St Annes, Lancs. FY8 1BN, U.K.

Waltert, Dr M., Georg-August-Universitât Gottingen, Dept of Conservation

Biology, Bürgerstrasse 50, 37073 Gottingen, Germany

Wilkinson, Dr R., North of England Zoological Society, Zoological Gardens,

Cheshire CH2 1LH, U.K. <r. wilkinson@chesterzoo.co.uk>

Woqdbridge, K., Twinsness, North Ronaldsay, Orkney KW17 2BE, U.K.

Woodcock, M., Furlongs, Blakeney Long Lane, Wiveton, Norfolk NR25 7DD, U.K.

WÜST, R., Faberstr.4, D-70188 Stuttgart, Germany

2. Institutional Members

(arranged in alphabetical order of continent, then country)

Africa

Cameroon Biodiversity Conservation Society, c/o WCS, B.P. 3055, Messa,

Yaoundé, Cameroon

Bibliothécaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Yaoundé, Cameroon

N.C.R.C, PO Box 925, Kasheshie, Accra, Ghana

Membres Institutionels

7

Bibliothécaire, Laboratoire de Zoologie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de

Cocody, 22 BP582, Abidjan 22, Ivory Coast

BirdLife Africa, ICIPE Campus, Kasarani Road, POB 3502-00100, Kenya

Librarian, NatureKenya, National Museums of Kenya, PO Box 40658, Nairobi,

Kenya

Librarian, Kashim Ibrahim Library, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

A.P. Leventis Ornithological Institute, Fobel Rd, Laminga, Jos East, LGA Jos,

Nigeria

Bibliothécaire, Direction des Parcs Nationaux du Sénégal, BP 5135, Dakar,

Sénégal

Bibliothécaire, Station D’Ornithologie, I.R.D., BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal

Bibliothécaire, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal

Librarian, Durban Natural History Museum, PO Box 4085, Durban 4000, South

Africa

Margaret Koopman, Niven Library, Percy Fitzpatrick Institute, University of

Cape Town, Rondebosch, Western Cape 7701, South Africa

BirdLife Zimbabwe, PO Box RVI00, Runiville, Harare, Zimbabwe

Librarian, National Museum, PO Box 240, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

Europe

Royal Museum of Central Africa, Central Library, Leuvensesteenweg 13, 3080

Tervuren, Belgium

Zoological Museum Library, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 Kobenhavn 0, Denmark

Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle, Bibliothèque des Mammifères et des

Oiseaux, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France

Office National de la Chasse, CNER Avifaune Migratrice Station, 85340 LTle

d’Olonne, France

Bibliothécaire, Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Fondation Sansouire Le

Sambuc, F- 13200 Arles, France

Institut für Vogelforschung, Vogelwarte Helgoland, 26386 Wilhelmshaven,

Rustereil, Germany

Museum Koenig, The Library, Adenauerallee 160, D-531 13 Bonn, Germany

Universitàtsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, Zietschriftenabteilung/DFG,

BockenheimerlandstraBe 134-138, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

The Librarian, A&W Ecological Consultants, POB 32, 9269 ZR Feanwâlden, The

Netherlands

The Librarian, Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum Naturalis, Bibliotheek

Naturalis, Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

The Librarian, Vogelbescherming/BirdLife-The Netherlands, Postbus 925, NL-

3700 AX Zeist, The Netherlands

Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Science, Library, Wilcza St

64, PL-00-679 Warszawa, Poland

8

Institutional Members

The Ring, (Prof L. Tomialojc), Natural History Museum, Siendiewicza 21, 50335

Wroclaw, Poland

BirdLife Slovenia, PP 2990, SI- 1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia

Lunds Universitet, Biologibiblioteket, Solvegatan 237, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden

Library, Swiss Ornithological Institute, 6204 Sempach, Switzerland

African Bird Club, The Secretary, c/o BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court,

Girton Road, Cambridge CB3 0NA, U.K.

Agency for the Legal Deposit Libraries, Causewayside Building, 33 Salisbury

Place, Edinburgh EH9 1 SL, U.K.

The Librarian, BirdLife International, Wellbrook Court, Girton Road, Cambridge

CB3 0NA, U.K.

British Library Acquisitions Unit (SR15), Boston Spa, Wetherby LS23 7BQ, U.K.

Librarian, Dept of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute, South Parks Road, Oxford

OX1 3PS, U.K.

Natural History Museum — Acquisitions Section, Library & Archives, Cromwell

Rd, London SW7 5BD, U.K.

Zoological Record (Thomson Reuters), Enterprise House, Innovation Way,

Heslington, York YO 1 0 5N Y, U.K.

North America

Librarian, Royal Ontario Museum, University of Toronto, 100 Queens Park,

Toronto ON, M5S 2C6, Canada

Library Serials Unit/P. Watson, American Museum of Natural History, Central

Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192, U.S.A.

Cornell University Library, E-resources & Serials Management, 110 Olin

Library, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.

Field Museum of Natural History, Library Subs, 1400 Lake Shore Drive, Chicago

IL 60605-2498, U.S.A.

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Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138, U.S.A.

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Box 208118, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, U.S.A.

Smithsonian Institution Libraries, NHB 25 MRC 154, PO Box 37012, Washington,

DC 20013-7012, U.S.A.

Wilson Ornithological Society, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan,

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, U.S.A.

University of Wisconsin, Memorial Library, Acquisition Serials Dept, 728 State

Street, Madison, WI 53706-1418, U.S.A.

Instructions aux Auteurs

Malimbus publie des articles de recherche, des revues de publications et des nouvelles traitant de

F ornithologie ouest-africaine.

Les Articles et les Notes Courtes doivent être des apports originaux; ceux déjà publiés

ailleurs, en partie ou en totalité, seront normalement refusés. Les Notes Courtes sont des articles

de moins de 1500 mots (références comprises) ou de quatre pages imprimées. Autant que possible,

les manuscrits auront été au préalable soumis à au moins un ornithologue ou biologiste pour un

examen minutieux. Les manuscrits seront envoyés pour critique à au moins un lecteur compétent.

Les textes des Nouvelles & Commentaires ne devraient pas dépasser 1000 mots.

Les textes sont acceptés en anglais et en français; la Rédaction pourra aider les auteurs dont

la langue maternelle n’est pas l’une de celles-ci. Nous préférons les envois de manuscrits par

email (en pièce jointe). Consultez le Rédacteur pour plus de détails, par ex. les logiciels compatibles.

Tous les Articles (mais non les Notes Courtes) comporteront un Résumé, n’excédant pas

5% de la longueur totale. Le Résumé mentionnera brièvement les principaux résultats et

conclusions de l’Article et ne sera pas un simple compte rendu de ce qui a été fait. Les résumés

seront publiés à la fois en anglais et en français (ou dans la langue officielle du pays dans lequel

le travail a été réalisé) et seront traduits au mieux par la Rédaction.

La présentation des tableaux, chiffres, unités métriques, références, etc. doit correspondre à

celles des numéros récents. A notez, en particulier: Les noms des auteurs doivent être listés en

faisant précéder le nom de famille par le prénom ou des initiales (ex. John A. Smith); les dates

seront écrites “2 fév 1990” mais les mois seuls pourront être écrits en entier; les heures seront

écrites “6h45”, “17h00”; les coordonnées “7°46T3"N” (pas de zéros en tête) ou en degrés

décimaux jusqu’à cinq décimales (ex. 1.23456°N), mais non en minutes décimales; les nombres

jusqu’à dix seront écrits en toutes lettres, excepté devant une unité de mesure (ex. 6 m); les

nombres à partir de 1 1 seront écrits en chiffres sauf au début d’une phrase. Toutes les références

citées dans l’article, et aucune autre, doivent figurer dans la bibliographie.

Les articles sur l’avifaune doivent comprendre une carte ou un index géographique, incluant

tous les endroits cités. Ils doivent comporter quelques brèves indications sur le climat, la topographie,

la végétation et les circonstances ou événements inhabituels avant ou pendant l’étude (ex. pluies

tardives, etc.). Les listes d’espèces ne doivent contenir que des données importantes: les listes

complètes ne sont justifiées que pour les régions encore non étudiées ou délaissées pendant long¬

temps. Autrement, ne citer que les espèces sur lesquelles l’étude fournit une information nouvelle

sur la répartition, la période de séjour, la reproduction, etc. Pour chaque espèce, indiquer l’extension

de Faire de répartition, une estimation d’abondance (. Malimbus 17: 38) et les données datées sur la

reproduction; indiquer le statut migratoire et la période de séjour seulement tels qu’ils ressortent de

l’étude. Eventuellement, replacer les données dans le contexte en les comparant brièvement avec

une liste régionale de référence. Les longues listes d’espèces peuvent être présentées sous la forme

de tableaux (ex. Malimbus 25: 4-30, 24: 15-22, 23: 1-22, 1: 22-28, or 1: 49-54) ou sous la forme

rédigée des numéros récents. La séquence taxonomique et les noms scientifiques (et de préférence

aussi les noms vernaculaires) doivent suivre Borrow & Bemey (2001, Birds of Western Africa,

Christopher Helm, London, avec des noms rectifiés de Borrow & Demey 2004, Field Guide to the

Birds of Western Africa , Christopher Helm, London), ou The Birds of Africa (Brown et al 1982,

Urban et al. 1986, 1997, Fry et al 1988, Keith et al 1992, Fry & Keith 2000, 2004, Academie

Press, London), à moins de donner les raisons de s’écarter de ces auteurs. Un guide plus complet à

l’intention aux auteurs d’articles sur l’avifaune, comprenant l’échelle d’abondance des espèces

conseillée, a été publié dans Malimbus 17: 35-39 et une version augmentée et actualisée de celle-ci

mise sur le site internet (http://malimbus.free.fr/instmale.htm). La Rédaction se fera un plaisir de

donner des conseils pour les études spécifiques.

Pour le dessin des Figures, et en particulier la taille des caractères, tenir compte des dimensions de

la page de Malimbus. On préfère les figures préparées sur logiciel graphique approprié et sauvegardées

en haute définition. Les fichiers de basse résolution et les impressions de mauvaise qualité seront

refusés. Les auteurs sont encouragés à soumettre des photographies qui illustrent des points

importants de leurs articles. Les photographies doivent être en couleurs et de haute définition. Les

figures et les photographies doivent être envoyées comme fichiers de logiciel graphique (par ex. jpg ou

tif), et non pas être incluses dans un fichier de Word. Consulter le Rédacteur pour tout renseignement.

Un fichier pdf des Articles et des Notes Courtes, et une copie du numéro de publication

seront envoyés gratis à l’auteur ou à Fauteur principal.

MALIMBUS 36(2) September 2014

Contents — Table des Matières

Editorial: Our 50th Anniversary 65-66

Raptors in Yankari Game Reserve and surrounding unprotected

area, Nigeria.

J.D. Onoja, T. Tende, T.C. Omotoriogun, U. Ottosson,

S. A. Manu & G.S. Mwansat 67-75

Birds of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture campus,

a stronghold of avian diversity in the changing Ibadan area (Nigeria)

over the last 50 years.

T. A. Adeyanju, U. Ottosson, T.E. Adeyanju, T.C. Omotoriogun, P. Hall,

S.A. Manu, T. Alabi, G.A. Lameed & D. Bown 76-105

L’avifaune d’un milieu dç riziculture et de ses environs dans la zone

humide de Grand-Bassam, sud-est Côte d’ivoire.

G.S.K. Odoukpé, H.K. Yaokokoré-Béibro, M.E. Konan & P.K. Kouadio 106-115

Short Notes — Notes Courtes

Records of African Pygmy Goose Nettapus auritus and

a Halcyon kingfisher on Sâo Tomé.

B. Hansson & A. Thomasson

Observations ornithologiques au Sénégal et en Gambie

M.S. Diop, B. Mennesson & J. Rose

The Parelius bird collection from Ivory Coast at the

Field Museum of Natural History, and the first

country record of Rufous Cisticola Cisticola rufus.

J.I. Engel, D. Parelius & J.M. Bates

News

116- 117

117- 119

119-122

123

Society Notices — Informations de la Société

124