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Source MNHN. Paris

esultats des campagncs

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Source : MNHN, Paris

ISBN : 2-8565 3-217-9

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Source : MNHN, Paris

MEMOIRES DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE

TOME 167

ZOOLOG IE

Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom

Volume 14

Coordonne par

Philippe BOUCHET

Museum national d’Histoire naturelle

Laboratoire de Biologie des Invertebres marins et Malacologie

5 rue Buffon

F-75005 Paris

EDITIONS

DU MUSEUM

PARIS

1995

Source : MNHN , Paris

Couveriure : Cardiomya gouldiana

Source : MNHN , Paris

SOMMAIRE

Contents

Pages

1 . Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledo¬

nia and adjacent areas . 9

Henk H. Dijkstra

2. Systematic revision of living species of Meiocardia , Glossidae and Glossocardia, Trape-

zidae (Bivalvia) . 75

Akihiko Matsukuma & Tadashige Habe

3. Carnivorous bivalve molluscs (Anomalodesmata) from the tropical western Pacific Ocean,

with a proposed classification and a catalogue of Recent species . 107

Jean-Maurice Poutiers & Frank R. Bernard

4. Scaphopoda of the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans, with description of 3 new genera and

42 new species . 1 89

Victor Scarabino

5. Calliostomatidae (Gastropoda: Trochoidea) from New Caledonia, the Loyalty Islands, and

the northern Lord Howe Rise . 381

Bruce A. Marshall

6. The Trophoninae (Gastropoda: Muricidae) of the New Caledonia region . 459

Roland Houart

7. A review of the deep-water volute genus Calliotectum (Gastropoda: Volutidae) . 499

Philippe Bouchet & Guido T. Poppe

8. A revision of the drilliid genera Splendrillia and Plagio strop ha (Gastropoda: Conoidea) from

New Caledonia, with additional records from other areas . 527

Fred E. Wells

9. Deep-water Cones (Gastropoda: Conidae) from the New Caledonia region . 557

Dieter Rockel, Georges Richard & Robert G. Moolenbeek

10. Mathildidae from New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia). . 595

Rudiger Bieler

Index . 643

Source : MNHN, Paris

FATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 14 RESULTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 14 RESULT/

Bathyal Pectinoidea

(Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae)

from New Caledonia and adjacent areas

Henk H. DIJKSTRA

Institute of Systematics and Population Biology

(Zoological Museum)

University of Amsterdam

P.O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam

The Netherlands

ABSTRACT

The biological exploration of deep-sea benthos off New Caledonia during the years 1978-1989 has yielded a rich mollusc

fauna, including 30 species of Pectinoidea. The highest diversity, with 14 species, is observed in the 600-800 m depth interval,

and only three species have been collected below 1500 m. The fauna belongs to Propeamussiidae (21 species, all taken alive),

Entoliidae (1 species, alive), and Pectinidae (8 species, 6 taken alive). Nine species are new to science: Parvamussium

multiliratum, P. retiaculum, P. retiolum, P. squalidulum, P. undisonum. P. vesiculatum, Cyclopecten horridus, C. pellucidulus

(Propeamussiidae), and Hyalopecten mireilleae (Pectinidae). Most of the other species are new records for the region. Ten

lectotypes are designated, one new synonym and one new1 combination recognized. This pectinoid fauna shows a strong

similarity to that oT the wider Indo-Pacific, and marginally to that of northern New Zealand and southeastern Australia.

RESUME

Les Pectinoidea bathyaux (Bivalvia: Propeamussiidae, Entoliidae et Pectinidae) de Nouvelle-Caledonie et des regions

voisines.

Les campagnes oceanographiques realisees de 1979 a 1989 autour de la Nouvelle-Caledonie ont recolte une riche faune

de moliusques bathyaux et abyssaux, dont 30 especes de bivalves Pectinoidea. Le maximum de diversite est observe entre 600

et 800 m de profondeur, avec 14 especes. alors que trois especes seulement ont ete recoltees a plus de 1500 m. Cette faunule

se repartit en Propeamussiidae (21 especes, toutes recoltees vivantes). Entoliidae (1 espece, vivante), et Pectinidae (8 especes.

dont 6 recoltees vivantes). Neuf especes nouvelles sont decrites : Parvamussium multiliratum. P. retiaculum. P. retiolum. P.

Oijkstra, H.H., 1995. Bathyal Pectinoidea (Bivalvia; Propeamusiidae, Entoliidae, Pectinidae) from New Caledonia and adjacent areas. In: P. Bol'CHET (ed.).

Resultats des Campagnes Musorstom, Volume 14 Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. mu.. 167; 9-73. Paris ISBN 2-85653-217-9.

Published 29'h December 1995.

Source . MNHN. Paris

10

HENK DIJKSTRA

squalidulum, P. undisonum, P. vesiculatum, Cyclopeclen horridus, C. pellucidulus (Propeamussudae), et Hyalopecten miredleae

(Pectinidae). La plupart des autres especes sont signalees pour la premiere fois de ce secteur geographique. Des lectotypes soni

desienes pour dix taxons, et une nouvelle synonymie et une nouvelle combinaison sont etablies. Cette faune de Pectinoidea fait

incontestablement partie de ITndo-Pacifique avec, marginalement. quelques affinites avec le Nord de la Nouvelle-Zelande et

le Sud-Est de 1'Australie.

INTRODUCTION

Deep-sea pectinoid bivalves from the tropical South-West Pacific are poorly known, and only

a few species were described by previous authors (E.A. Smith, 1885; Hedley, 1902). During the years

1978-1989 several French expeditions have collected rich samples of marine biota from bathyal depths

around New Caledonia, including many pectinoidean bivalves. The species treated here are those

occurring at depths below 100 m, i.e. all the littoral and reef associated species are not considered.

With these limitations, the collection comprises 21 species of Propeamussiidae (all taken alive), one

species of Entoliidae (alive), and 8 species of Pectinidae (6 taken alive), a total of 30 pectinoids. To

make the survey of New Caledonia Propeamussiidae more complete, Parvamussium pauciliratum, a

shallow-water species, is also treated and illustrated.

The present paper completes the revision of the pectinoids of New Caledonia. In a series of

papers, Dijkstra (1983 to 1994) and Dijkstra et al. (1989, 1990) recorded the occurence of 33 species

of Pectinidae from the reefs and coral reef lagoons.

As for other papers in this volume, the material studied was collected during the cruises

reported on by Richer de Forges (1990, 1993). For descriptions of deep-sea bottom topography and

faunal zonation around New Caledonia, 1 refer to Roux (1991) and Roux et al. (1991). In species

descriptions, morphological terminology follows Waller (1978, 1984, 1991, 1993) and Waller &

Marincovich (1992).

Comparative material from the Indo-Pacific and type material was studied from various

museum collections, viz. ams, bmnh, kbin, mnhn, nmnz, nmp, nmw, rmnh, zma, zmc, zsi. The

present material is stored in MNHN; paratypes have been distributed to other museums, including

the reference collection of the author.

ABBREVIATIONS AND TEXT CONVENTIONS

Repositories

AIM

AMS

BMNH

HD

IOAS

KBIN

MCZ

MNHN

NMNZ

NMP

NMV

NMW

NSMT

RMNH

USNM

ZMA

ZMC

ZSI

: Auckland Institute and Museum, Auckland

: Australian Museum, Sydney

: The Natural History Museum, London

: H.H. Dijkstra collection

: Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica, Qingdao

: Koninklijk Belgisch Instituut voor Natuurwetenschappen, Brussels

: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Cambridge (U.S.A.)

: Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris

: Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, Wellington

: Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg

: National Museum of Victoria, Melbourne

: National Museum of Wales, Cardiff

: National Science Museum, Tokyo

: Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum, Leiden

: National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC

: Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam

: Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen

: Zoological Survey of India, New Alipur, Calcutta

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

11

Station data

CC : Chalut a crevettes (Shrimp Trawl)

cp : Chalut a perche (Beam Trawl)

DC : Drague Charcot (Charcot Dredge)

de : Drague epibenthique (Epibenthic Sledge)

ds : Drague epibenthique Sanders (Sanders epibenthic Sledge)

dw : Drague Waren (Waren Dredge)

kg : Carottier Usnel grande surface (Usnel Box-Corer)

Other abbreviations

db : doublet (paired valves, dead collected)

Iv : left valve(s)

rv : right valve(s)

spm(s) : live-taken specimen(s)

v : valve(s)

od : Original designation

so : Subsequent designation.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT

Class Bivalvia Linnaeus, 1758

Subclass Pteriomorphia Beurlen, 1944 [emend., Boss 1982]

Superorder Eupteriomorphia Boss, 1982

Order Ostreoida Waller, 1978

Suborder Pectinina Waller, 1978

Superfamily Pectinoidea Wilkes, 1810 [emend., Waller 1978]

Family Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954

Propeamussiidae Abbott, 1954: 361. 369.

1 f Diagnostic characters. - Free or byssate Pectinoidea with outer foliated calcitic layer on

let t valve and prismatic calcitic layer on right valve present on the main part of the disc; inner layer

crossed-lamellar aragonite beyond pallial line, sometimes nearly to distal margins; byssal notch

without ctenolium.

Remarks. Hertlein (1969: N350) placed Propeamussium (with Parvamussium), as a

subgenus together with Amusium Roding, 1798 and Korobkovia Glibert & van de Poel, 1965 in the

Amusium-group, with the note that these genera may have been derived from different groups in

lectimdae. Abbott (1954), however, had introduced a new family Propeamussiidae [emended by

waller (1978: 353)], for Propeamussium. Waller (1984) also included several other related genera

m Propeamussiidae, viz. Parvamussium , Cyclopecten Verrill, 1897, Similipecten Winckworth, 1932,

and Latdlopecten Iredale, 1939. Hayami (1988a) mentioned also Polynemamussium Habe, 1951 as a

ecent genus of Propeamussiidae, and treated Parvamussium as a synonym of Propeamussium.

u sequently, Hayami & Kase (1993: 54) raised Parvamussium in rank to genus.

Hayami (1988b) and Waller (1991, 1993) mentioned, the suprageneric classification of the

i ectinoidea is still in disorder and under appraisal.

12

HENK DIJKSTRA

Genus Propeamvssium de Gregorio, 1884

Propeamussium de Gregorio, 1884: 119. [Proposed as a subgenus of Pecten}. Type species (OD): Peclen ( Propeamussium)

ceciliae de Gregorio, 1884; Miocene, Sicily, Italy.

Synonyms:

Paramusium Verrill 1897: 72. Type species (OD): A nuts sium dalli E. A. Smith, 1885; Recent, oil Bermuda. W Atlantic, 796 m.

Occultamussium Korobkov, 1937: 56. [Proposed as a subgenus of Amusium], Type species (OD): Peclen semiradiatus Mayer,

1861; Upper Eocene, Austria. ,

Pseudopalliorum Oyama, 1944: 244. [Proposed as a subgenus of Propeamussium]. Type species (OD): Pecten interradmtus Gabb.

1869; Eocene, California. USA.

Bathymussium Oyama. 1951: 79. [Proposed as a subgenus of Ctenamusium). Type species (OD): Amussium je/Jreysu E.A. Smith.

1885; Recent, N Sulu Sea. Philippines, 686 m.

Micramussium Oyama, 1951: 80. [Proposed as a subgenus of Ctenamusium]. Type species (OD): Ctenamusium ( Micramusstum)

siratama Oyama. 1951; Recent, Japan, 234-291 m.

Flavamussium Oyama. 1951: 81. [Proposed as a subgenus of Parvamussium). Type species (OD): Amussium caducum E.A. Smith,

1885; Recent. Philippines, 1280 m. .

Luteamussium Oyama. 1951: 82. Type species (OD): Amussium sibogai Dautzenberg & Bavay. 1904; Recent, Indonesia, 289 m.

Diagnosis. — Shell equivalve, fragile, usually rather small, mostly transparent, laterally

compressed, gaping along lateral margins; left valve smooth or sculptured with fine radial and/or

concentric riblets or striae, right valve with concentric lines or lirae; auricles nearly equal to equal;

byssal notch moderately slight; no ctenolium; internal riblets extend to submarginal region.

Distribution. — Jurassic-Recent. Worldwide; 275-2740 m (Waller, 1971).

Remarks. — Grau (1959) repeated the original diagnosis of Propeamussium , and of the type

species P. ceciliae, with a translation in English. The red colour of the fossil shell described by de

Gregorio, is probably the colour of iron oxyde, as commented by Gale (in Grant & Gale, 1931:

232). The type specimen has been subsequently figured by de Gregorio (1898: pi. 4, figs 10-12).

Figures 13 and 14, also referred to by Grau (1959; 9) do not belong to the type species. Hertlein

(1969: N350) has reproduced de Gregorio’s illustration of the right (sic) valve of the holotype.

North (1951b: 123) mentioned that he could not trace the holotype.

Grau (1959: 9) placed Paramussium, Pseudopalliorum, Flavamussium and Luteamussium in the

synonymy of Propeamussium, and Hertlein (1969: N350) subsequently added also Occultamussium,

and Actinopecten with a question mark. Hayami (1988a) enumerated also Parvamussium, Ctenamus-

sium (sic), Glyptamusium “Oyama, 1944“ (sic) [= Glyptamusium Iredale, 1939], Bathyamussium and

Micramussium as synonyms of Propeamussium. However, the type species of Ctenamusium and

Glyptamusium are morphologically similar to Parvamussium, whereas the type species of Bathymus¬

sium and Micramussium are more similar to Propeamussium.

Differences in shell characters of Propeamussium and Parvamussium are summarized in Table 1

Source : MNHN. Paris

BATHYAL PF.CTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

13

Propeamussium alcocki (E.A. Smith, 1894)

Figs 1-4, 133-137

Amussium alcocki E.A. Smith, 1894: 172, pi. 5, figs 15-16.

Other references:

Amussium alcocki - At. cock & Anderson, 1897: pi. 2, figs 3-3a

Thiele & Jaeckel. 1931: 8. - Winckworth, 1940: 26.

Propeamussium alcocki - Abbott & Dance. 1982: 303.

Alcock, 1902: 282, fig. 79

E.A. Smith, 1906: 255.

.,,,/QT|YPEtM^TER,^,L- - Lect°tyPe (Figs 133-7, H 40.4, L 39.8, D 7.9 mm) here designated zs.

6154,9 live taken. Three paralectotypes: bmnh 1894.9.11.1, nmw 1955.158 785 zmc The^tvnes are

somewhat damaged near the margins, and the right valves of three of them (zsi, bmnh nmw) are

Type locality. — " Investigator ”, stn 105, 15H02'N, 72°34' E, Laccadive Sea, 1353 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, corail 2: stn DW 171, 18°24'S, 155°22'E 650 m 2 Iv I rv

New Caledonia, biocal: stn CP 75, 22° 18' S, 167°23' E, 825-860 m 93 'sDms'

biogeocal: stn CP 232, 21°33' S, 166°27' E, 760-790 m 3 spins

5(11 cp 421 ■ 2o°23'Si i66°2o'E' 800 m- 6 sPms- - stn cp «8

zu 15 8, 166 20 E, 780 m, 5 spms.

Distribution. Laccadive Sea and Bay of Bengal (Smith, 1894; Alcock, 1902) Gulf of

Aden (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931) and New Caledonia, Chesterfield Islands and Loyalty Islands

Present material living at 760-860 m. *

Description. — Shell inequivalve, circular, up to ca.

M) mm high, inequilateral, fragile, creamy, translucent

Prodmoconch ca. 240 pm in height.

Left valve somewhat more convex than right, with some

concentric growth lines, and 1-3 fine radial lirae near

posterior margin. Anterior margin more convex than poste-

nor. Auricles equal, smooth, anterior margin somewhat

raised, bight to 10 internal riblets entering from near resilifer

to two-thirds length of adult disc, somewhat finer than on

right valve; one auricular lira on each side.

Righi valve covered with wide-set concentric costae,

commencing at ca. 3 mm shell length, with granulate

interstitial microsculpture. Auricles with small concentric

striations, prominent scales on posterior and anterior dorsal

margins. Resilifer triangular. No byssal notch, or ctenolium.

althmmbEH,ARKSi ThC present material of Propeamussium alcocki is similar to the type specimens,

gh the coloration is somewhat different (creamy instead of transparent white) All of the

Sntrd n?retC,I?fbnSJaCk Cr°"ce,n!.ric lamelIae near the ventral margin and minute radiations on the

central part of the disc of the left valve. Knudsen (1967: 281) considered P. alcocki a junior synonym

TTeted aS Variation the differences in shape (circular to nearly oval), concentric

of S n,8r Va V,e (yar-es in setting)’ and radiating sculpture of left valve (varies in development)

New V^l T‘a fr0m. thLC nd‘an °Cean‘ 1 did 1101 °bserve these variations in the material from around

Ldiedonia and the two species are well defined conchologically (see descriptions).

I7QR1 k ‘ a cock‘h'dS rbeen refered to Amussium Hermannsen, 1846 [emendation of Amusium Rodins,

m by a number of authors, but that genus belongs to Pectinidae.

Source MNHN.

14

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 1-8. — 1-4. Propeamussium alcocki, biocal: stn CP 75, 46.1 x 39.8 mm (db). — 1, left valve, exterior. — 2, left valve,

interior. — 3, right valve, exterior. — 4, right valve, interior. — 5-8. P. andamanicum , biocal: stn CP 74, 44.y x

36.8 mm (db)’. — 5, left valve, exterior. — 6, left valve, interior. - 7, right valve, exterior. — 8, right valve, interior.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

15

Propeamussium andamanicum (E.A. Smith, 1894)

Figs 5-8, 138-142

Amussium andamanicum E.A. Smith, 1894: 172-173. pi. 5, figs 13-14.

Other references:

Amimmm andamanicum - E.A. Smith, 1895b: 265. Alcock & Anderson, 1897: pi 2 figs 1-la - E A Smith 19P4-

14. Winckworth. 1940: 26. — Knudsen, 1967: 273, pi. 1, fig. 22, text fig. 15. P ’ 8 t. A. Smith, 1904.

74.R Q1iYPEtTTERxALL' r Lectotype (F'8s 138'142’ H 30-2> L 22.4, D 6.4 mm) here designated zs.

7418/9, live taken. The type specimen is somewhat damaged on the posterior margin of the left valve

and ventral margin of the right valve. Therefore its current dimensions differ ''from those in the

original description. Smith (1895b, 1904) indicated material from different stations of “Investigator”

however he mentioned only one station in the original description. Material from “Investigator”

stn 122 and 192 do not belong to the type series.

Tyre locality. — “ Investigator ”, stn 1 13, 12°59' N, 93°23'10" E, Andaman Sea, 1249 m. Smith

1894) mentioned a depth of 688-922 fathoms [= 1258-1686 m], which should be 683 fathoms

[- 1249 m] (stn 1 13) and 922 fathoms [= 1686 m] (stn 1 14). On a printed label of the Indian Museum

is written in ink station number “113” and a depth of “683” fathoms (see Fig. 138).

Material examined. — The type material.

New Caledonia, biocal: stn CP 74, 22° 14' S, 167°29' E, 1300-1475 m 1 spm

biogeocal: stn CP 238, 21°27'S, 166°23'E, 1260-1300 m. 1 spm.

Distribution. — Andaman Sea, Laccadive Sea and Arabian Sea (Smith, 1895b 1904)

hvinaT 1260 1 475 'm °f (KNUDSEN’ 1967)' and now New Caledonia. Present material

')ES™™ — Shell fragile, hyaline, up to ca. 45 mm

high, elongate, umbonal angle ca. 90”. left valve transparent-

white, right valve creamy.

Prodissoconch ca. 250 pm in height (Knudsen. 1967).

Leji valve somewhat more convex than right, ornamented

with widespread concentric lirae that commence near the

central part of disc and extend to ventral margin. Auricles

equal and rather small, with delicate concentric striations.

Anterior and posterior margin of auricles somewhat raised.

Small scales on dorsal edge of auricles. Interior lirae

commencing directly below resilifer, 9-11, with one small

auricular lira on each side, all gradually enlarging.

Right valve covered with concentric lirae and interstitial

granulated microsculpture (prismatic calcite layer). Auricles

with delicate concentric striae. Dorsal margin with prominent

scales. No byssal notch, no clenolium. Resilifer rather

triangular elongate.

Remarks. — The present specimens resemble the type material, although the concentric lirae

or tne left valve are more delicate and start somewhat earlier. The internal riblets are variable in

length and number. P. andamanicum is closest to P. alcocki, and is a typical Propeamussium.

Propeamussium caducum (E.A. Smith, 1885)

Figs 9-10, 129-132

Amussium caducum E.A. Smith, 1885: 309. pi. 23, figs 1-lc.

Synonyms:

Amussium weberi Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912: 32. pi. 28, figs 9-13.

lo/wawwar/wn \ ndkazawai Kuroda, 1932. 87, figs 101-102 ( nomen nudum). Synonymy established by Oyama (1951), and

subsequently followed by Habe (1958. 1977) and Knudsen (1967).

16

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 9-14. — 9-10. Propeamussium caducum, “Vauban" 1978-79- sin II 77 Q v is q „ , r.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECT1NOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

17

Other references:

Amussium caducum - E.A. Smith. 1894: 173; 1895a: 18; 1904: 13; 1906: 255. — Melvill & Standen, 1907: 807. Thiele

& Jaeckel, 1931: 7. Winckworth, 1940: 26.

Parvamussium ( Flavamussium) caducum - Oyama, 1951: 81, pi. 13. figs 11-12. Kira, 1967: 138. pi. 49. fig. 15.

Flavamussium caducum — Habe, 1958: 267. pi. 11, fig. 26.

Propeamussium caducum - Hayami. 1988a: 476. Okutani. Tagawa & Horikawa. 1989: 58, figs. Dukstra, 1991: 6.

Propeamussium I Propeamussium ) caducum — Wang, 1984: 599. pi. 1, figs 3-4. textlig. 2. Dukstra. 1990: 9-10.

Type material. — A. caducum: lectotype (Figs 129-132, H 20.9, L 18.8, D 4.5 mm), here

designated bmnfi 1887.2.9.3310, 4 paralectotypes bmnh 1887.2.9.331 1/1-4. The anterior and posterior

margins of the left valve and the marginal apron of the right valve of the holotype are broken off;

in consequence the measurements differ slightly from the original ones. A. weberi : lectotype, here

designated zma 3.12.013, paralectotypes ZMA, RMNH, kbin, mcz. P. nakazawai: holotype not seen.

Type locality. A. caducum: “ Challenger ", stn 207, 12°2T N, 122°15' E, W ol Luzon.

Philippines, alive, 1280 m. - A. weberi: “Siboga”, stn 316, 7°19.4' S, 116°49.5'E, Bali Sea, alive.

538 m. — P. nakazawai: Suruga Bay, Japan, alive, 549-732 m.

Material examined. - New Caledonia. “Vauban’’ 1978-79: stn 31, 22"31'S. 166" 25' E.

450-550 m, 2 spms. — Stn 32, 22°32' S. 166°25' E, 430-500 m. 2 rv. - Stn 33, 22°33' S, 166°25' E,

290-350 m, 1 lv. - Stn 34, 22°32' S. 166°26' E, 350-420 m, 2 lv.

Distribution. — Japan (Oyama, 1951; Kira. 1967), Philippines (Smith 1885; Oyama,

1951; Knudsen, 1967). Indonesian Archipelago (Dautzenberg & Bavay. 1912; Thiele & Jaeckel,

1931; Dukstra, 1991), Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (Smith, 1894, 1895a, 1904. 1906), Gull of

Aden and Zanzibar area (Knudsen, 1967). Now also New Caledonia. Present material living at

450-550 m.

Description. Shell slightly inequivalve, fragile, nearly

equilateral, up to ca. 25 mm high, somewhat higher than

wide, rather opaque, glossy, creamy, umbonal angle about

90'’, left valve somewhat more convex than the right.

Prodissoconch ca. 215 pm in height (Knudsen. 1967).

Left valve smooth, ornamented with concentric growth

lines, no radial slriations. Auricles rather small, without

sculpture, somewhat raised near margins.

Right valve sculptured with wide-set concentric lirae.

commencing at 3 mm shell height and extending to submar¬

ginal area, microscopic radial scratches between them. Auri¬

cles with very fine concentric striae, strong scales produced

on the marginal areas of hinge. Hinge line straight near

umbo, then rising near anterior and posterior dorsal margins.

Internal lirae generally 10 in number, sometimes 9 or II.

slightly nodulose at distal ends. Lirae of right valve somewhat

more strongly developed. No byssal notch or ctenolium.

lateral gape present.

Remarks. Other specimens seen from the western Paciltc dilfer slightly from the present

material, mainly in coloration (somewhat paler) and in having usually I or 2 more internal lirae. The

specimens are similar to the type material, although the concentric growth lines are weaker and there

are no radial striae on the left valve. Amussium weberi is similar in all features, and is interpreted as

junior synonym of Propeamussium caducum. P. nakazawai treated by Oyama (1951). Habe (1958,

1977) and Knudsen (1967) as a synonym of P. caducum is a nomen nudum (no description and not

compared with any other species).

Descriptions of the soft parts, food and reproduction are given by Knudsen (1967; 275).

Hayami (1988a) described shell crystallography.

P. caducum is the type species of Parvamussium (Flavamussium) . Kuroda & Habe (1981:62)

treated Flavamussium as a subgenus of, and Hertlein (1969: N350) as a synonym ol Propeamussium.

P. caducum is a typical Propeamussium.

18

HENK DIJKSTRA

Propeamussium maorium (Dell. 1956)

Figs 11-14

Parvamussium maorium Dell, 1956: 20, figs 30-31.

Other references:

Parvamussium maorium - Powell. 1979: 381, figs 93.1-2. Rombouts 1991- 69

Parvamussium maorum (sic) - Dell, 1962: 75; 1963: 206.

Type material. Holotype dead-taken, nmnz M9171, 5 paratypes nmnz M9169

Type locality. — Portobello " Alert ”,

Zealand, 476-640 m.

stn 54-17. Canyon A, ENE of Taiaroa Head, New

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn CP 387, 20°53' S, 160°52'E, 650-660 m 1 snm.

S“2: St" PE l5’ 20°51' s' 160°56' E’ 580-590 m, 1 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DE 15b,' 20°5T S, 160°55'

580-590 m, 3 lv, 1 rv.

New Caledonia, musorstom 4: stn CP 169. 18°54' S, 1 63°1 1 ' E, 590 m 1 db

Loyalty Islands, biogeocal: stn CP 232, 21°33'S, 166°27'E, 760-790 m 1 lv 2 rv.

musorstom 6: stn DW 469, 21°03' S, 167°34' E, 630 m, 1 spm. Stn DW 483 21°19' S 167°47'

600 m, I spm.

E,

E,

Kerm,?,STMBU1ION' S°Uth Islands °f Ne* Zealand> Chatham Islands (nmnz),

'imU ndv ,lt S Rnd5 dl N°rf° k IS a,n.d <Dijkstra- unpubl. data); now also the Chesterfield Islands

and Loyalty Basin. Present material living at 600-660 m.

Description. Shell somewhat inequivalve, fragile,

suborbicular. up lo ca. 20 mm high, semi-translucent left

valve brighter brownish or creamy than right, umbonal angle

about 90°. b

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height.

Left valve somewhat more convex than right, covered with

prominent, irregularly arranged radial costae, that extend to

marginal area; the costae covered with fine lamellae, that

become more closely spaced near ventral margin. Auricles

small, equal in size, smooth.

Right valve with widely spaced concentric lirae. Auricles

unequal sculptured with fine concentric striae. Small scales

produced on hinge line near dorsal margin. Internal lirae

generally 10-12. sometimes a few secondary riblets developed

between primary riblets near anterior and posterior margins

Resi lifer triangular, elongate. Byssal notch small. Lateral

gape present, no ctenolium.

Remarks. - The present specimens agree very well with the type material. The closest species

ad^cosmeTnH (EA' Smith’ l906) from the SE Arabian Sea. The irregularly spaced

radial costae and concentric striae commence earlier on the disc of the latter species whereas P

Smhh rdptSSy at lhC SamC StagC °f gr0Wth- Another allied species is P. jeffreysii (EA

th“ I extend Lfr^Ct 1PPnfPLW5iCh haS, fmer scu,Pture (somewhat cancellate) on the left valve

at' maturity P of the d,sc’ and Promment concentric lamellae near the ventral margin

Although Dell (1956) placed P. maorium in Parvamussium , it is a typical Propeamussium.

Source : MNHN , Paris

BATHYAL PECTI NOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

19

Propeamussium meridionale (E.A. Smith, 1885)

Figs 15-18, 143-146

Amussium meridionale E.A. Smith, 1885: 316, pi. 24. figs 1-la.

Other references:

Amussium meridionale - Knudsen, 1967: 277. pi. 1, fig. 16, textfig. 17,

Propeamussium meridionale — Grau, 1959: 12, pi. 1. Knudsen, 1970: 94, pi. 12. figs 5-9, textfig. 58. Dell, 1990: 37.

Propeamussium ( Propeamussium ) meridionale - Dijkstra, 1990: 2, 9. pi. 1, figs 1-2.

Varlamussium (sic) meridionale - Powell, 1960: 175.

Verlamussium (sic) meridionale — Clarke. 1962: 60.

Type material. — Lectotype (Figs 143-6, H 13.8, L 13.4, D 4.0 mm) here designated, live

taken, bmnh 1887.2.9.3337 (corresponding to the original description and measurements),

2 paralectotypes bmnh 1887.2.9.3335/1-2, undamaged left valve (corresponding to the figured shell

from " Challenger ”, stn 146). Posterior margin of left valve and marginal apron of right valve of the

lectotype is somewhat damaged. — A. meridionale var. bmnh 1887.2.9.3336/1-4, 3 lv and 1 rv (stn 302)

does not belong to the type series according to iczn art. 72b(i).

Type locality. — " Challenger ”, stn 158, 50°01' S, 123° E, southern Indian Ocean, 3292 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, corail 2: stn DW 172, 18°26' S, 155°12' E, 1100 m, 1 spm.

New Caledonia, biocal: stn DS 04, 21° 15' S, 166°39' E, 2340 m, 5 spms, 1 lv. — Stn DW 53, 23”09 S,

167°42' E, 975-1005 m, 3 lv. — Stn DW 56, 23°34' S, 1 67°1 1' E, 695-705 m, 1 rv. — Stn CP 61,

24° 1 1 ' S, 167° 31' E, 1070 m, 3 lv, 4 rv. — Stn CP 63, 24°28' S. 168°07' E, 2160 m, 1 spm. — Stn DW

66, 24°55' S, 168°21' E, 505-515 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 70, 23°24' S, 167°53' E, 965 m, 4 lv, 1 rv. -

Stn DW 80, 20°31' S, 166°48' E, 900-980 m, 4 rv. — Stn DS 98, 21°24' S, 166°29' E, 2365-2470 m,

3 spms.

musorstom 4: stn DW 160, 18°42' S, 163° 13' E, 675 m, 4 lv, 2 rv. — Stn CP 169, 18°54' S, 163°H' E,

600 m, 6 lv, 2 rv. — Stn CP 178, 18°56' S, 163° 12' E, 520 m, 1 lv.

Loyaltv Islands, biogeocal: stn CP 250, 21°24' S, 166°28' E, 2350 m, 1 spm. — Stn CP 290, 20°36' S,

167°03' E, 920-760 m, 2 spms, 3 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW 296, 20°38' S, 167° 10' E, 1230-1270 m, 3 lv,

2 rv. — Stn CP 297, 20°38' S, 167° 10' E, 1230-1240 m, 1 spm, 1 lv.

musorstom 6: stn DW 396, 20°48' S, 167°00' E, 1400 m, 3 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DW 397, 20°47' S,

1 67°05' E, 380 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 488, 20°49' S, 167°06' E, 800 m, 4 spms, 37 lv, 29 rv.

Distribution. — Smith (1885) recorded this species from three widely scattered localities:

South of Western Australia, East of Marion Island (southern Indian Ocean), and West of Patagonia

(southeastern Pacific). Knudsen (1967) added several new records from the northern Arabian Sea,

Zanzibar area, Maidive Islands, the Gulf of Aden, and the Kermadec area (NE of New Zealand).

Dijkstra (1990) mentioned a new record from the

Islands, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands

Dlscription. — Shell fragile, somewhat inequivalve,

nearly circular, up to ca. 15 mm high, left valve slightly more

convex than right, auricles equal, pellucid white, umbonal

angle about 120°.

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height (Knudsen, 1967).

Left valve sculptured with delicate radial lirae, commencing

at 3 mm shell length, extending almost to ventral margin.

Prominent concentric lamellae extend to ventral margin,

intersected by radial lirae to produce a somewhat cancellate

sculpture. Auricles equal, sculptured with radial striae.

Flores Sea (Indonesia). Now also the Chesterfield

Present material living at 760-2470 m.

Some delicate lamellae near anterior and posterior mar¬

gins.

Right valve covered by regular concentric lirae. which are

more close-set near margins. Auricles differently sculptured:

Anterior auricle with stronger radial lirae than posterior,

concentric lamellae near dorsal margin. Interior somewhat

iridescent, hyaline near margins. Internal riblets variable in

number, generally 12, without distinct terminal nodules.

Hinge line straight with delicate scales on dorsal margin.

Resilifer triangular. No byssal notch, or ctenolium.

Source MNHN . Paris

20

HENK DIJKSTRA

Eigs 15-22 15-18. Propeamussium meridionale, musorstom 6: stn DW 488, 18.0 x 18.5 mm (Iv) 14 5 x 14 2 mm (rv)

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

21

Remarks. — The present specimens correspond very well with the type material, although the

sculpture on the left valves is somewhat more pronounced, while a few (1-3) internal riblets are more

strongly developed. .

Powell (1960: 175) placed P. meridionals in Varlamussium , but all its conchological characters

indicate that it is Propeamussium.

Hicks & Marshall (1985: 227) describe the food of this species.

Propeamussium ruhrotinctum (Oyama, 1951)

Figs 23-26

Parvamussium (Parvamussium) ruhrotinctum Oyama, 1951: 81, pi. 13, figs 8-10.

Synonym:

Propeamussium (Propeamussium) Stella Wang, 1984: 600, 602, pi. 1, figs 11-14. (Syn. nov.)

Other reference:

Propeamussium ruhrotinctum — Hayami, 1988b: 80.

Type material. — P. ruhrotinctum: probably in the private collection of Dr K. Oyama at

Toba (not seen). P. Stella: holotype ioas m25778, paratype ioas m25779.

Type locality. P. ruhrotinctum: Shikoku, Gulf of Tosa, Japan, depth not mentioned,

alive?. — P. Stella: South China Sea, 19° N, 112.5° E, 290 m.

Material examined. — New Caledonia. “ Vauhan " 1978-79: stn 2, 22" 17 S, 167 14 E,

425-430 m, 4 lv. — Stn 3, 22°17'S, 167°12'E, 390 m, 2 lv. — Stn 33, 22°33' S, 166°25' E, 290-

350 m, 1 lv.

biocal: stn DW 104, 21°30' S. 166°21' E, 375-450 m, 1 lv.

musorstom 4: stn DC 235, 22°13' S, 167°12' E, 405-415 m, 5 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW 244, 22 02 S,

167"08' E, 435-445 m, 2 lv. — Stn CC 246, 22"08' S, 167°11' E, 410-420 m. 4 lv, 4 rv.

Loyalty Islands, biogeocal: stn DW 253, 21°3TS, 166°28' E, 310-315 m, 1 lv.

musorstom 6: stn DW 391, 20°47' S, 167"05' E, 390m, 1 lv, 4 rv. — Stn DW 406, 20 40, S, 67 06 E,

373 m, 3 lv, 5 rv. — Stn DW 407, 20°40' S, 167°06' E, 360 m, 1 lv. Stn CP 408, 20"41 S, i67 ' 07 E,

380 m, 2 spms. - Stn DW 410, 20°38' S, 167°06' E, 490 m, 1 spin, 1 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DW 41 1, 20' 40 S,

167°03' E, 424 m, 1 1 spms, 22 lv, 13 rv. — Stn DW 412, 20°40' S, 167° 03' E, 437 m, > 50 spms

Stn DW 413, 20°40' S, 167° 03' E, 463 m, 1 spm. 2 rv. — Stn CP 415, 20040' S, ,167 03 E, 46i

m, 4 spms. Stn DW 416, 20°42' S, 166°59' E, 343 m, 3 rv. — Stn DW 426, 20°24 S, 166 22 E,

610 m, 1 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DW 428, 20°23' S, 166° 12' E. 420 m, 1 spm, 1 rv. — Stn DW 447, 20 54 S,

167° 19' E, 460 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 458, 21°00' S, 167°29' E, 400 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 459, -T 01 S,

167° 31' E. 425 m, I lv. — Stn CP 464, 21°02' S, 167°31' E, 430 m, 3 lv, 1 rv.

Distribution. — Oyama (1951) recorded this species from Shikoku and Kyushu, Japan.

Wang (1984) added a new record from South China Sea. Now also New Caledonia and the Loyalty

Islands. Present material living at 380-490 m.

Description. Shell fragile, suborbicular, inequivalve,

inequilateral, up to ca. 20 mm high, left valve somewhat more

convex than right. Valves gaping at lateral margins. Auricles

relatively small, unequal. Umbonal angle about 90".

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve covered with minute concentric lamellae in late

ontogeny near periphery, otherwise smooth and glossy with a

few concentric plications, one or two delicate radial plicae

near posterior margin. Shell transparent, with light orange

patches and small white dots. Auricles smooth. Hinge line

straight.

Right valve covered with regular concentric lirae and

interstitial microscopic radial scratches. Auricles with concen¬

tric striae and somewhat serrated on dorsal margin. Shell

whitish, nearly opaque. Internal lirae generally 10. an

auricular lira on each side, commencing directly below the

resilifer, extending to submarginal area, slightly nodulous at

distal ends. Internal lirae of right valve somewhat broader.

Resilifer triangular, elongate. Outer ligament rather broad.

Adductor scar large, nearly circular, with whitish spots. Small

byssal notch, no ctenolium.

22

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 23-30 ,2r^'26: Propeamussium rubrotinctum , musorstom 6: stn DW 412, 21.8 x 20 5 mm (dh) - 23 lefi vilv,- ,,,Prillr

stnCfc'Wi TZ7 mm (db)ri8h,27al|^eXt,eri0r- ^ ^ SSSSli

30, right valve, interior ( ’' “ 'efl Va‘Ve’ eX,en°r- “ 28‘ left valve' inlerior- ~ 29- right valve, exterior. -

Source : MNHN , Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

23

Remarks. — Wang (1984: 603) compared Propeamussium Stella with P. caducum, and

observed that these species differ in shape, the number of internal lirae, and in having a glossy surface

and a colour pattern, but he overlooked P. steindachneri (Sturany, 1901) from the Red Sea and Gulf

of Oman, and P. rubrotinctum (Oyama, 1951) from Japan. Both of the latter are similar to P. Stella,

although P. steindachneri is smaller (ca. 14 mm) and has fewer internal lirae (8), but other shell

features are very similar, including the coloration.

Oyama (1951) placed P. rubrotinctum in Parvamussium s. str., but Hayami (1988b) indicated

that it should be refered to Propeamussium, despite its unequal auricles and weakly developed byssal

notch.

Propeamussium sibogai (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1904)

Figs 19-22

Amussium sibogai Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1904: 207, figs 1-4.

Other references:

Amussium sibogai - Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912: 31, pi. 28, figs 1-4.

Amussium cf. sibogai - Barnard, 1969: 655. pi. 1, figs a-d.

Luteamussium sibogai — Oyama. 1951: 82, fig. 1. — Kira, 1967: 138, pi. 49, fig. 14.

Luteamusium (sic) sibogae (sic) - Kosuge, 1985: 58, pi. 23, fig- 12.

Propeamussium sibogai - Knudsen, 1967: 272, pi. 1, figs 23-24. Abbott & Dance, 1982. 303, fig.

Whitehead, 1992: pi. 6, no. 34, fig. 34. rnn , , _ , . . ,r .

Propeamussium (Propeamussium) sibogai - Wang, 1984: 599, pi. 1, figs 1-2, textlig. I.

Lamprell &

Type material. — Holotype, live taken, zma 3.04.001.

Type locality. — “ Siboga ", stn 12, 7°15' S, 115°15' E. Bali Sea, Indonesia, 289 m.

Material examined. — Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DC 381, 19 37 S, 158 46 E,

corail 2: stn DE 16, 20°48' S, 160°56' E, 500 m, 1 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DC 169, 18°21'S, 155°20'E,

575 m, 2 rv. , „ ,-n

New Caledonia, musorstom 4: stn CP 169, 18°54' S, 163°1 T E, 600 m, 6 spms, 1 rv. Stn CP

18°57' S. 163° 12' E, 485 m, 1 spm. 0

Loyalty Islands, biogeocal: stn DW 292, 20°28' S, 166°48' E, 465-470 m, 1 rv. - Stn DW 308,

20°40' S, 166°58' E, 510-590 m, 1 rv.

musorstom 6: stn DW 410, 20°38' S, 167°06' E, 490 m, 4 spms, 2 lv, 5 rv. — Stn DW 413, 20 40 S,

1 67°03' E, 463 m, 1 spm. Stn DW 415, 20°40' S, 167°03' E, 461 m, 2 spms. — Stn CP 464, 21 0_ S.

167°31' E, 430 m, I spm. — Stn CP 465, 21°03' S, 167°32' E. 480 m, 6 spms, 3 lv, 4 rv. — Stn CP

467, 21°05' S, 167°32' E, 575 m, 2 spms, 4 lv, 4 rv. — Stn DW 487, 21°23' S, 167 46 E, 500 m, 2 lv.

volsmar: stn DW 37, 22°23' S, 168°43' E, 500-550 m. 3 rv.

Distribution. — Dautzenberg & Bavay (1912) recorded this species from the Bali Sea

(Indonesia). Oyama (1951), Kira (1967) and Okutani et al. (1989) mentioned it from the southern

Japanese waters to Indonesia. Knudsen (1967) enumerated several records from Indonesia, the

Philippines, the Arafura Sea, and off Durban (S. Africa). Kosuge (1985) added a new record from

the Timor Sea (Northwestern Australia). Now this species is also known from New Caledonia and

the Loyalty Islands. Present material living at 430-575m. Knudsen (1967) indicated a broader vertica

range (183-710 m).

Description. Shell fragile, nearly orbicular, inequivalve,

somewhat inequilateral, oblique, up to ca. 55 mm high, left

valve slightly more convex than right, gaping rather strongly,

transparent, auricles rather small and equal in size, umbonal

angle about 125°; left valve creamy brown, the right cream

coloured.

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height (Knudsen, 1967).

Left Vahe covered with a few delicate concentric growth

24

HENK DIJKSTRA

lines, a few minute concentric lamellae sometimes present

near ventral margin. Delicate radial lirae developed near

posterior margin. Auricles smooth and somewhat raised on

lateral margins. Hinge line straight. Internal lirae generally 8,

deep brown on left valve, whiter and broader on right.

Marginal lirae with 4 or 5 small nodules that are visible

through lateral gape.

Right valve covered with widely spaced concentric lirae that

are much weaker at periphery, and microscopic interstitial

granules. Marginal apron of right valve often missing due to

the very thin layer of prismatic calcile (Hayami, 1988a:

fig. 4). Auricles smooth. Resilifer triangular, elongate. No

byssal notch, or ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present material is very similar to the holotype from the Bali Sea, although

they have 1 or 2 additional internal riblets.

Dautzenberg & Bavay (1904) incorrectly indicated the type locality as “Celebes Sea” which

they subsequently corrected (1912: 31).

P. sibogai is the type species of Luteamussium, which was treated by Hertlein (1969: N350)

as a synonym of Propeamussium. Indeed, P. sibogai is a typical Propeamussium.

Descriptions of the soft parts, reproduction and food are given by Knudsen (1967: 272).

Propeamussium watsoni (E.A. Smith, 1885)

Figs 27-30, 123-124

Amussium watsoni E.A. Smith, 1885: 309. pi. 22, figs 8-8c.

Synonym:

Propeamussium watsoni hayonnaisense Okutani. 1962: 15-16, pi. 2. figs 1-2; 1966: 8.

Other references:

Amussium alcocki - Thiele & Jaeckel. 1931- 8

Amussium watsoni - Clarke. 1962: 61. Knudsen. 1967: 280, pi 1 fig 18

Propeamussium watsoni - Kiseleva, 1971: 221. Abbott & Dance,' 1982: 303, fig. - Hayami. 1988a: 476, figs 2-6.

Type material. — A. watsoni : lectotype (Figs 123-4, H 51.8, F 50.0, D 9.5 mm) here

designated, bmnh 1887.2.9.3307, 2 paralectotypes bmnh 1887.2.9.3308/1-2. — P. watsoni bavonnai-

sense: holotype, alive, nsmt Mo.62759 and 5 paratypes nsmt Mo.62760.

Type locality. — A. watsoni : “ Challenger ”, stn 218, 2°23' S, 144°04' E, NE of New Guinea,

alive, 195/ m — - P. watsoni bayonnaisense : 24 miles off Bayonnaise Rocks, 32°00.0' N, 140"21.4' E,

Japan, 2140-2160 m.

.... Material examined. — Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DC 321, 21°20' S 158°02' E

1 57-sr’ f Q7(? rV' « Stn CP 32c 21 °l8< s' 157057 E- 970 m’ ca- 90 sPms- — Stn CP 32'4- 2 1 0 1 5' S,’

i 'S iSS'p irS' 7 Sm CCo365' 19°42'S- l58°48'E, 710 m, 3 spins. - Stn CC 366,

Stn^CC^383,8 19°40' s!^15£^46 E^OO-Ils'm ^"rv ^ ’ * '58°53'E' 830'855 25 -

“^AL: Stn CPC°- 23°08'S’ 166°40'E" 1140 ">• 1 SP“- - St" CP 31. 23°07' S,

66 50 E 850 m, 15 spms. — Stn CP 75, 22° 18' S, 167l)23' E, 825-860 m, 4 spms

K ?6ar">9%r^rOM,o6: Stn ? 427 20°23'S’ 166°20'E* 800m, 13 spms. - Stn CP 438,

-u IS 8, 166 20 E, 780 m, 42 spms, 2 rv.

Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 69, 14°06' N, 120°03' E, 1800-1950 m, 2 spms.

Distribution — Smith (1885) described this species from NE of New Guinea and

subsequently recorded it from the Bay of Bengal and Laccadive Sea. Thiele & Jaeckel (1931)

recorded it from the Gulf of Aden, and Okutan, (1962) from SE Japan. Knudsen S

records from the Arabian Sea, Zanzibar area and the Strait of Malacca. Kiseleva (1971) added a new

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

25

record from the Red Sea. This species is also found in the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia and

the Loyalty Islands. Present material living at 650-1140 m.

Description. - Shell inequivalve, nearly circular, ca. 60

mm high, slightly higher than wide, somewhat inequilateral,

umbo mil angle ca. 125°, opaque, left valve milky-white, right

valve creamy.

Prodissoconch ca. 240 pm in height.

Left valve more convex than right, with concentric lamellae

near the ventral margin and delicate radial lirae that

commence at ca. 3 mm shell length and extend to central part

of disc, lamellae and lirae variable. Auricles equal, concentric

lamellae prominent on anterior, finer and more closely-set on

posterior. Generally 10 interior lirae and a small auricular

lira on each side, commencing just below resilifer and

extending to pallial line.

Right valve with fine regularly concentric lirae and granu¬

late interstitial microsculpture (prismatic calcite layer). Auri¬

cles with concentric lirae, anterior auricle with a few radial

lines near suture, absent on posterior auricle. Prominent

scales on anterior and posterior dorsal margins of auricles.

Resilifer triangular, erect. No byssal notch, or ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present specimens are similar to the type material in shape, sculpture and

coloration, although the concentric lirae of the left valve commence closer to the ventral margin, and

the radial lirae are somewhat more delicate. Both of the latter two characters are variable.

I follow Knudsen (1967: 281) in interpreting P. watsoni bayonnaisense as a form of P. wat-

soni.

Genus Parvamvsswm Sacco, 1897

Parvamussium Sacco. 1897a: 102. Proposed as a subgenus of Amussium Herrmannsen 1846 (unjustified ^emendation of

Amusium Roding, 1798); no diagnosis given, but type species designated; Sacco. 1897b: 48 (diagnosis). T>pe species

(OD): Pecten (Pleuronectes) duodecimlamellatus Bronn, 1832; Upper Miocene, northern Italy.

Synonyms:

Variamussium Sacco, 1897a: 102. Proposed as a subgenus of Amussium: no diagnosis given but type species designated^ Sacco.

1897b: 49 (diagnosis). Type species (OD): Amussium cancellatum E.A.Smith, 1885; Recent, off Bermuda, W Atlantic,

Ctenamusium Iredale, 1929: 164. Type species: Amusium thetidis Hedley, 1902; Recent, ofl New South Wales, Australia, 115-

Glyptamusiurii Iredale, 1939: 370. Type species (OD): Amussium torresi E.A.Smith, 1885; Recent. E of Cape York, Queensland.

Squam amussium Oyama, 1944: 245. Proposed as a subgenus of Propeamussium. Type species (OD): Amussium squamigerum

E.A.Smith. 1885; Recent, off E Puerto Rico, West Indies, 713 m.

Polvnemamussium Habe. 1951: 72. Proposed as a subgenus of Parvamussium. Type species (OD): Pecten mtuscostalus

Yokoyama, 1920; Pleistocene, Miura City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.

Diagnosis. — Shell inaequivalve, orbicular to oblique, usually small to ca. 20 mm, laterally

compressed, lateral gape absent; left valve usually strongly sculptured with radial and/or concentric

riblets or striae, right valve with concentric lamellae; auricles unequal; byssal notch well-developed,

no ctenolium; internal lirae extend to submarginal or marginal region.

Distribution. — Cretaceous to Recent. Worldwide, living in 18-2110 m.

Remarks. — The characters separating Parvamussium from Propeamussium are summarized

in Table 1.

Grau (1959; 15) and subsequently Hertlein (1969: N350) treated Parvamussium as a

subgenus of Propeamussium and enumerated Variamussium. Ctenamusium. Glyptamusium. Xenamus-

sium, Squamamussium, Polynemamussium. Bathymussium and Micramussium as synonyms ol

Parvamussium. Hertlein (1969: N350) also mentioned in the synonymy “Grapt amussium Oyama

1944”, which is an error for Glyptamusium. Bathymussium and Micramussium are here considered

synonyms of Propeamussium , ami Xenamussium a synonym of Cyclopecten.

26

HENK DIJKSTRA

Parvamussium multiliratum sp. nov.

Figs 31-34, 91-92

Type material. — Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: II mnhn, 1 ams C201711, 1 lid, 1 usnm.

Type locality. — Southern New Caledonia, biocal, stn CP 72 22°10'S 167°33'E

2100-2110 m.

Material examined. — New Caledonia, biocal: stn CP 72, 22° 10' S, 167°33' E, 2100-21 10 m

2 spm. 1 lv (holotype and paratypes).

Loyalty Islands, biogeocal: stn KG 240, 21°29' S, 166°27' E, 1520 m, 1 rv (paratype). Stn CP 243

21°28' S, 166°26' E, 1820 m, 1 lv (paratype). — Stn CP 260, 21°00' S, 167°58' E, 1820-1980 m 2 spins

(paratypes). — Stn CP 272, 2 POO'S, 166°57'E, 1615-1710 m, 1 spm (paratype). — Stn CP 273,

21°02' S, 166°57' E, 1920-2040 m, 5 spms (paratypes: 1 hd, 1 ams, 2 mnhn, 1 usnm). — Stn CP 317’

20°48' S, 166"53'E, 1620-1630 m, 1 lv, 1 rv (paratypes).

Distribution. New Caledonia, 1520-2110 m, living in 1615-2110 m.

Description. — Shell rather small, fragile, orbicular,

inequivalve, semi-transparent white, up to ca. 9 mm high, left

valve slightly more convex than right, auricles subequal,

umbonal angle about 1 10°.

Prodissoconch ca. 220 pm in height.

Left valve sculptured with widely spaced concentric lamel¬

lae that commence at 3 mm shell height, and extend to

ventral margin. Irregularly spaced, delicate radial riblets

arising near submarginal region, a few commencing earlier.

Umbonal region glossy with some white spots, otherwise

transparent and dull due to microscopic granules. Auricles

with concentrically lamellate riblets that are closer near

lateral margins.

Right valve with regularly spaced concentric lirae, some¬

what interrupted near submarginal region by a disturbance of

growth. Auricles with concentric lamellae that are somewhat

stronger on anterior, and more closely spaced on posterior.

Hinge line straight, with some scales near margins.that are

more prominent on anterior. Byssal fasciole small. Each valve

with 14 internal lirae plus 2 rudimentary interstitial lirae: one

auricular lira on both auricles. External sculpture clearly

visible from the interior. Resilifer triangular. Byssal notch

present, no ctenolium.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 7.9, L 8.9, D 2.4 mm.

Remarks. The most closely related species is Parvamussium permirum (Dautzenbera. 1925)

recorded from the Bay of Biscay (E Atlantic) and adjacent abyssal depths. P. permirum has more

regularly spaced radial riblets on the left valve, and fewer concentric lamellae. Internal lirae generally

12 with 2-4 additional rudimentary interstitial lirae and the hinge line has fewer scales. P. retiaculum

is somewhat similar to P. multiliratum in sculpture, although the latter has fewer radial riblets, and

a more strongly orbicular shape, with more numerous internal lirae. Dautzenberg (1925: 1 1) placed

P. permirum in Amussium (Variamussium), but all the conchological characters are similar to

Parvamussium.

Etymology. So named because the internal lirae are more numerous than usual for a

propeamussnd (Lat. liratus, adj. = with lira(e)).

Parvamussium pauciliratum (E.A. Smith, 1903)

Figs 107-110, 151-152

Amussium paucilirata E.A. Smith, 1903: 622, pi. 36, figs 23-24.

Other reference:

Parvamussium pauciliratum - Dukstra. 1991: 14, figs 23-24.

Source . MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

27

51-38. 31-34. Parvamussium mulliliraium , holotype, 7.9 x 8.9 mm (db). 31. left valve «tenor 32’ ’

interior. 33. rieht valve, exterior. 34. right valve, interior. - 35-38. P. reUaculum , holotype. 7.3 * : 7.2 mm (db).

35. left valve, exterior. — 36. left valve, interior. - 37. right valve, exterior. - 38. right valve, interior.

28

HENK DIJKSTRA

Type material. — Lectotype (Figs 151-2, H 7.5, L 7.4, D 2.0 nun), here designated, live taken,

bmnh 1903.9.17.17; 2 paralectotypes bmnh 1903.9.17.18/1-2. Although the original registration

number indicated 4 specimens, only three syntypes are now present.

Type locality. S Nilandu Atoll, Maidive Islands, 2-66 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 263, 25°21'S, 159°46'E, 150-225 m, 1 Iv, 1 rv.

New Caledonia, lagon: stn 348, 22°42' S, 166°55' E, 45 m, I lv. — Stn 622, 22°02' S, I66°53'E.

67 m, 1 rv. — Stn 698, 21°29'S, 166°09'E, 40-43 m, I spin. — Stn 729, 21°19'S, 1 65°54' E, 42-

45 m, 1 spm. — Stn 853, 20°41' S, 165°07' E. 27 m, 1 rv. — Stn 873, 20°39' S, 164°46' E, 27 m, 1 spm.

Stn 1191, 19°35'S, 163°38' E. 45 m, 1 spm.

Distribution. This is a shallow-water species, which is included here for a comprehensive

treatment of the Propeamussiidae of New Caledonia. Beside the type locality, the Maidive Islands,

it has been recorded from Indonesia by Dijkstra (1991). Present material from New Caledonia alive

in Z/-45 m. Also shells in the Chesterfield Islands

Description. — Shell rather small, semi-transparent, whi¬

tish. sub-orbicular, inequivalve, up to ca. 8 nun high, auricles

nearly equal in size, right valve more convex than left,

umbonal angle about 105°.

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left v alve glossy, with a few minute growth lines and covered

with microscopic granules. Auricles smooth, sometimes [see

Remarks] with delicate concentric lirae near anterior margin.

m 150-250 m.

Right valve glossy, smooth, apart from microscopic granu¬

les. Anterior auricle with minute concentric lirae. Hinge line

straight.

Internal lirae rudimentary. I or 2. usually a small auricular

lira on each side. Outer ligament well developed. Left valve

creamy-white, stained with white dots, right valve

transparent-white. Resilifer triangular. Byssal notch very

small, no ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present specimens are similar in all aspects to the type material from the

Maldive Islands, although microsculpture is sometimes variable. The New Caledonian specimens,

which are from shallower depths, sometimes have microscopic divergent scratches near the

postero-dorsal margin on the left valve. Microscopic granules are generally present on both valves.

Juveniles often lack the internal rudimentary liration.

Parvamussium retiaculum sp. nov.

Figs 35-38

Type material. Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 25 mnhn, 2 ams C201712, 2 hd, 2 nmnz

M268536, 2 nsmt, 2 usnm.

Type locality. - Southern New Caledonia, biocal, stn DW 51, 23°05' S, 167°45' E, 680-

700 m.

Material examined. — New Caledonia, biocal: stn DW 33, 23° 10' S, 167" 10' E 675-680 m

2 lv (paratypes). — Stn DW 36, 23°09' S, 167°11' E. 650-680 m, 2 lv (paratypes). — Stn DW 48,

23°00' S, 167°29' E, 775 m, 2 lv (paratypes). Stn DW 51. 23°05' S, 167°45' E, 680-700 m, 7 spms,

8 lv, 15 rv (holotype and paratypes: 2 ams, 2 hd, 19 mnhn, 2 nmnz, 2 nsmt, 2 usnm).

Distribution. Southern New Caledonia

Description. Shell small, fragile, suborbicular. inequi¬

valve, up lo ca. 7 mm high, left valve slightly more convex

than right, semi-transparent white, auricles of unequal size

umbonal angle about 100°.

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height.

650-775 m, living 680-700 m.

Left valve sculptured with 14 prominent, widely spaced,

concentric lamellae, starting weakly at ca. 2 mm shell height,

extending to ventral margin. Delicate, regularly spaced radial

riblets, commence at about 3 mm shell height, and extend to

Source MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

29

ventral margin. Exterior of disc with semi-reticulated sculp¬

ture produced by concentric lamellae and intersecting radial

riblets. Anterior auricle stronger than posterior sculptured

with close-set. irregularly spaced concentric lamellae: poste¬

rior auricle with identical though weaker sculpture. Hinge

line straight. , ,

Right valve with regularly spaced concentric lirae. close-set

near umbonal area and becoming more widely spaced toward

ventral margin. Anterior auricle more strongly sculptured

near lateral margin with concentric lamellae. Hinge line

somewhat elevated due to strong concentric lamellae. Byssal

fasciole present.

Each valve with 12 internal lirae and 1 auricular lira that

commence rather late and extend to near the periphery: one

rudimentary interstitial lira on left valve near the ventral

margin. Outer ligament well developed and rather broad on

posterior auricle. Small byssal notch, no ctenolium.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 7.3. L 7.2, D 1.9 mm.

Remarks. — P. retiaculum is somewhat similar to P. multiliratum , although the latter is

slightly larger and more orbicular, while the auricles are more equal and smaller, fewer radial riblets

are developed on the left valve, there are more internal lirae, and the hinge line of the right valve is

straight. P. multiliratum lives at much great depths (lower bathyal to upper abyssal).

The right valve of P. torresi is somewhat similar to that in P. retiaculum, although the internal

lirae commence earlier, and are fewer in number (generally 10). Moreover, the left valve of P. torresi

is glossy and nearly smooth, whereas P. retiaculum is prominently sculptured and dull.

The left valve of P. thetidis is covered with prominent irregularly spaced, radial costae and

delicate close-set concentric lamellae, whereas P. retiaculum has prominent concentric lamellae, and

delicate radial riblets.

Etymology. — From the cancellate sculpture of the left valve (Lat. retiaculum , n. = net,

lattice-work, wattle-work).

Parvamussium retiolum sp. nov.

Figs 39-42, 97

Type material. — Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 36 mnhn, 2 ams C201713, 2 hd, 2 nmnz

M268537, 2 nsmt, 2 usnm.

Type locality. — Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5, stn CP 363, 19°47' S, 158°44'E,

685-700 m.

Material examined. — Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 340, 19°48' S, 158°40' E,

675-680 m. 1 spm, 1 lv. 3 rv. - Stn DW 341. 19°45' S, 158”43' E. 620-630 m i - spins 3 lv 3 rv.

Stn DC 357, 19°37' S, 158°45' E, 630 m, 2 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DC 358, 19' 38 S, 158 47 E, 680-700 m

4 spins, 1 lv, 5 rv. - Stn CP 363, 19°47 S, 158"44'E, 685-700 m, 41 spm, 6 Mv (holotype and

paratypes). — Stn CP 364, 19°45' S, 158°46' E, 675 m, 1 spm. — Stn DC 380, 19 37 S, 158 43 E,

555-570 m, 1 lv. , , „

New Caledonia, biocal: stn DW 56, 23°34' S, 167° I T E, 695-705 m, lv, 7 rv. . ,.0]n, P

musorstom 4: stn CP 158, 18°49'S, 163°15'E, 620 m, 1 lv. — Stn DC 168, 18 48 S, 163 10 E,

720 m, 1 spm.

Distribution. New Caledonia and Chesterfield Islands, 555-720 m, living 620-720 m

Description. - Shell rather small, inequivalve. inequila¬

teral, up to ca. 16 mm high, left valve somewhat more convex

than right, translucent 'white, auricles unequal, umbonal

angle about 95".

Prodissoconch ca. 220 pm in height.

Left valve covered with delicate concentric lamellae cros¬

sing closely spaced radial riblets. somewhat coarser near

umbonal area, finer near ventral margin. Anterior auricle

well developed, with many fine radial riblets that are crossed

near margin by fine concentric lamellae: posterior auricle

similary sculptured. Hinge line straight.

Right valve with regular concentric lirae. closely spaced

near umbonal area, becoming more widely spaced towards

the ventral margin. Microscopic interstitial radial scratches

near margins. Auricles strongly developed, with concentric

lamellae that are more prominent anteriorly. Strongly deve¬

loped scales on antero-dorsal margin. . . ..

Internal lirae 10. plus 1 posterior auricular lira and 4 rudi-

30

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 39-46. — 39-42 Parvamussium retiolum, holotype, 16.0 x 14.8 mm (db). — 39. left valve, exterior. 40. left valve

intQn°nT 41' ,r',uU val<v,e-e*ten?r- 42- nght valve, interior. 43-46. P. scilulum , musorstom 6: stn DW 462

interior 4 mm ' 43‘ eft V3 VC’ exlenor- 44- left valve- interior. 45, right valve, exterior. 46. right valve.

Source :

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

31

mentary auricular lirae on left valve and 3 on right, ends nodose.

Resilifer triangular, elongate. Strongly developed outer

ligament near resilifer. Byssal notch small, no ctenolium

Dimensions of the holotype: H 16, L 14.8, D 3.5 mm.

Remarks. - Parvamussium retiolum is somewhat similar to P. thetidis, which also occurs in

the study area (see below). P . retiolum is larger, with a fine cancellate sculpture on left valve; the latter

species has irregularly spaced, strong radial costae crossed by delicate concentric lamellae. Auricles

and right valve of P. retiolum more sculptured with closely spaced, concentric lamellae. Internal lirae

variable, somewhat similar to P. thetidis.

Parvamussium retiolum differs from P. retiaculum in its more delicate cancellate sculpture on

left valve, and in having more closely spaced, concentric lamellae on right valve. Internal lirae of P.

retiolum start earlier.

In all aspects P. retiolum is representative of Parvamussium.

Etymology. — From the cancellate sculpture of the left valve (Latin retiolum , n. = small net).

Parvamussium scitulum (E.A. Smith, 1885)

Figs 43-46, 153-154

Amussium scitulum E.A. Smith, 1885: 312, pi. 23, figs 4-4b.

Synonym:

Amusium ( Propeamusium) (sic) scitulum var.? cmadoritinclum Kuroda, 1931: 77, figs 81-82.

Other references:

Ctenamusium (Ctenamusium) cmadoritinclum - Oyama, 1951: 80, pi. 13, figs 3-4.

Ctenammssium (sic) cmadoritinclum - Habe, 1964: 173. pi. 53, fig. 4.

Ctenamussium (sic) scitulum - Kuroda & Habe. 1981: 63.

Propeamussium cmadoritinclum - HaYami, 1988a: 479, figs 2-1,2.

Propeamussium (Parvamussium) scitulum - Dijkstra, 1990: 3.

Parvamussium scitulum — Dijkstra, 1991: 16, figs 35-43.

Type material. — A. scitulum-. lectotype (Figs 153-4, left valve: H 4.4, L 4.5 mm), here

designated bmnh 1887.2.9.3319/1; 6 paralectotypes bmnh 1887.2.9.3319/2-7. — A. scitulum var.

cmadoritinclum : Kikuchi Shell Museum, Kuroda coll, (not seen).

Type locality. — A. scitulum: “ Challenger ", stn 188, 9°59' S, 139°42' E, S of New Guinea,

dead. 51m. A. scitulum var. cmadoritinclum: Yakushima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, Kyushu.

Japan.

Material examined, - Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 258, 25°32' S, 159°46' E,

300 m, 1 spm. — Stn DW 270, 24°48' S, 159° 34' E, 223 m, 3 lv, 3 rv. — Stn DW 285, 24°09' S,

1 59°34' E, 245-255 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 296, 23° 12' S, 159°36' E, 278 m, 1 lv.

New Caledonia. “Vauhan" 1978-79: stn 40, 22°30' S, 166°24' E, 250-350 m, 17 lv, 21 rv.

biocal: stn DW 64, 24°48' S, 168°09' E, 250 m, 3 spms, 3 lv.

smib 5: stn DW 96, 23°00' S, 168°19' E, 245 m, 1 lv.

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 462, 21°05' S, 167°26' E, 200 m, 3 spms, 4 lv, 1 rv.

Distribution. — Smith (1885) described this species from the southern area of New Guinea.

Kuroda (1931) mentioned it from Japanese waters, whereas Kuroda & Habe (1981) recorded a

larger distribution from Honshu (Japan) to Indonesia. Dijkstra (1990, 1991) summarized several

records from the Indonesian Archipelago. Now it is also known from the New Caledonian region.

Present material living at 200-300 m.

Source :

32

HENK DIJKSTRA

Description. — Shell rather small, sub-orbicular,

compressed, inequivalve. inequilateral, right valve more

convex than left, up to ca. 10 mm high, right valve

semi-transparent white, left valve stained and opaque, auri¬

cles rather small and subequal, umbonal angle about 120°.

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height.

Left valve flat, weakly sculptured with delicate, variable

radial striations, somewhat stronger near posterior margin.

Microscopic close-set concentric striae sometimes developed

on disc, somewhat more widely spaced near umbonal area.

Anterior auricle with prominent concentric lamellae close to

Hank of disc, decreasing in prominence or absent near

antero-dorsal margin; posterior auricle covered with fine

radial and concentric striations, sometimes nearly absent.

Right valve either weakly sculptured with a few growth

lines or completely smooth. Internal lirae extending to

submarginal area, and generally 9 or 10, sometimes with I or

2 rudimentary interstitial lirae. Resilifer triangular. Hinge line

straight. Byssal notch present, no ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present specimens are similar to the type material, although larger in size.

Smith (1885: 312) suggested that the syntypes of P. scitulum could be juveniles, which would seem

to be the case. Sculpture and coloration are rather variable. P. cmadoritinctum has slightly stronger

sculpture, but is otherwise similar to the present specimens. Parvamussium sinense Wang. 1980 (: 259),

from the East China Sea, is somewhat broader, with stronger, scaly radial costae.

Oyama (1951: 80) used the genus Ctenamusium for this species, but the shell characters are

typical of Parvamussium. as indicated by Hertlein (1969).

Parvamussium squalidulum sp. nov.

Figs 47-50

Type material. — Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 2 ams C201714, 3 hd, 6 mnhn, 2 usnm.

Type locality. - Lord Howe Rise, Kelso Bank, musorstom 5, stn DW 277, 24°1TS,

159°35' E, 270 m.

Material examined. — Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 255, 25°15' S, 159°55' E,

280-295 m. 1 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW 258, 25° 33' S. 159°46' E, 300 m, 7 lv, 3 rv. — Stn DW 260, 25°29' S,

1 59"44' E, 285 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 261, 25°27' S, 159°46' E, 300 m, 2 rv. — Stn CP 268, 24°45' S,

159°39' E, 280 m, 4 lv. — Stn CP 269. 24°47' S, 159°37' E, 250-270 m. I lv. — Stn DW 272, 24°41' S,

1 59°43' E, 500-540 m, 1 lv, 3 rv. — Stn DW 274, 24°45' S, 159°41' E, 285 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 277,

24°1 1' S. 159°35' E, 270 m, 4 spms, 2 lv, 8 rv (holotype and paratypes: 2 ams, 3 hd, 6 mnhn, 2 usnm).

Stn CP 279, 24'W S, 159°38' E, 260-270 m, 6 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DW 299, 24°48' S. 159° 24' E,

360-390 m, 2 lv, 3 rv. — Stn DW 301, 22°07' S, 159°25' E, 487-610 m. 1 lv.

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 480, 21°08'S. 167°56' E, 380 m, 1 lv, 1 rv.

New Hebrides Arc1, volsmar: stn DW 7, 22°26' S, 171°44'E, 325-400 m, 1 spm, 1 lv. - Stn

DW 17, 22°23' S. 171°41' E, 260-300 m, 1 lv.

Distribution. — Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia to the New Hebrides Arc; shells in

260-610 m, alive in 260-400 m.

Description. — Shell rather small, suborbicular, inequi¬

valve, inequilateral, semi-transparent, up to ca. 1 1 mm high,

left valve slightly more convex than right; auricles rather

small, unequal; umbonal angle about 125°.

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height.

Left valve with numerous irregularly spaced, scaly radial

costae, a few commencing weakly at about I mm shell height,

increasing in number towards the ventral margin; small

delicate concentric lamellae developing between them, more

closely spaced near ventral margin. Anterior auricle well

developed, posterior rather small. Three very weak radial

lirae on anterior auricle, absent on posterior. Both auricles

covered with concentric lamellae. Hinge line straight.

Right valve with minute concentric lirae near the lateral

margin, absent from central region of disc. Marginal apron

(outer prismatic calcite layer) mostly broken off. covered with

fine concentric lirae (marginal region below the internal

lirae). Anterior auricle well developed, provided with 5 radial

riblets that are covered with con-centric lamellae, stronger on

dorsal margin. Posterior auricle with delicate lamellae.

Although the condominium of the New Hebrides has become independant under the name of Vanuatu, the term New

Hebrides is retained here to designate the Hunter and Matthew area of the New Hebrides Arc. Hunter and Matthew are a

dependency of New Caledonia. Similarly, geographers and geophysicists have retained the expression New Hebrides Trench.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

33

47-54. 47-50, Parvamussium squalidulum , holotype. 1 1.1 x 11.4 mm (db). 47, lefl valve, exterior. 48. left valve,

interior. 49, right valve, exterior. 50. right valve, interior. - 51-54. P. lorresi , musorstom 5: stn DW 329, 9.0 x

8.9 mm (Iv), 7.9 x 7.7 mm (rv). - 51. left valve, exterior. 52. left valve, interior. 53. right valve, exterior. -

54, right valve, interior.

34

HENK DIJKSTRA

Ten irregularly spaced internal lirae. plus 2 rudimentary

lirae. One auricular lira on posterior auricle, absent on

anterior. External sculpture and coloration slightly visible

internally. Resilifer triangular. Byssal notch present, no

ctenolium. Left valve creamy, with white and orange-brown

maculations, right valve semi-transparent white and glossy.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 1 1.1, L 1 1.4, D 2 mm.

Remarks. — The closest species is Parvamussium sinense, the left valve of which is more

strongly sculptured with closely spaced scaly radial costae than in P. squalidulum. The latter is slightly

more orbicular, and the right valve is covered with delicate concentric lirae, which are absent in P.

sinense. The internal lirae of P. sinense are more regularly spaced with more stronger developed

terminal nodules at the distal ends. Another related species is P. scitulum, the left valve of which is

more delicately sculptured with close-set radial striae (sometimes absent), while concentric lirae are

also absent on the right valve. P. squalidulum is slightly more convex than P. scitulum.

Etymology. — From numerous scaly radial costae of the exterior of the left valve (Latin

squalidulus, adj. = with small scales).

Parvamussium texturatum (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912)

Figs 103-106

Amussium texturalum Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912: 37. pi. 27. figs 19-22.

Other reference:

Parvamussium cf. texturalum — Dijkstra. 1991: 17. figs 44-52.

Type material. — Holotype. live taken, zma 3.12.022.

Type locality. — Sulu Archipelago, “Siboga", stn 105, 6°08' N, 1 2 1 ° 1 9' E, 275 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 300, 22°48' S, 159°24' E, 450 m, 2 spms.

New Caledonia, biogeocal: stn DW 308, 20°40' S, 166°58' E, 510-590 m, 4 lv.

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 417, 20°42' S. 167°04' E, 283 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 456, 21°01' S,

167°26' E, 240 m, 1 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW 461, 21°06' S, 167°26' E, 240 m, 1 spm.

Distribution. Beside the type locality in the Sulu archipelago (Philippines), somewhat

similar specimens were recorded by Dijkstra (1991) from Indonesia. Now it is also known from the

Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands. Present material live collected in

240-450 m.

Description. Shell small, suborbicular, inequivalve,

inequilateral, nearly opaque, up to ca. 5 mm high, left valve

slightly more convex than right, auricles unequal in size,

umbonal angle about 95°. Left valve creamy white, someti¬

mes stained with few white and brown spots, right valve

whitish.

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve sculptured with strongly developed, irregularly-

spaced radial costae, starting at 1-2 mm shell height and

enlarging towards ventral margin. Regularly spaced concen¬

tric lamellae cross radial costae, which are ornamented with

strongly developed spines or scales. Auricles sculptured with

concentric lamellae, more strongly developed on anterior.

Hinge line straight.

Right valve covered with regularly spaced, close-set concen¬

tric lirae that enlarge near ventral margin to form lamellae.

Anterior auricles with 4-7 weak radial riblets covered with

concentric lamellae. Posterior auricle with delicate concentric

lamellae, very strongly developed on dorsal margin.

Internal lirae 10-15, sometimes one or more rudimentary

interstitial lirae, plus 1 or 2 auricular lirae. Lirae commencing

in late ontogeny, enlarging into submarginal region. Resilifer

triangular. Byssal notch small, no ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present specimens are similar to the type material from the Sulu Sea,

although most have fewer internal lirae. The internal lirae, however, are variable in number, and it

is possible that the number in the type specimen (16) is exceptional.

The closest species is Parvamussium vesiculatum sp. nov., see below.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BATHVAL. PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

35

Parvamussium thetidis (Hedley, 1902)

Figs 99-102

Amusium thetidis Hedley, 1902: 304, fig. 49.

Synonym:

Ctenamusium salacon I redale, 1929: 164.

Other references:

Amusium thetidis - Hedley & Petterd, 1906: 223, pi. 38, figs 18-19.

Amussium thetidis - Pritchard & Gatliff. 1904: 266.

Ctenamusium thetidis - Iredale. 1929: 164, 188. Cotton & Godfrey, 1938: 98, fig. 84. Cotton, 1961: 102, fig. 88.

Parvamussium thetidis - Dijkstra, 1991: 14. Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: no. 35. pi. 6, fig. 35.

Type material. A. thetidis-. holotype, rv, ams Cl 32 10, 5 paratypes, v, ams Cl 71 634. — C.

salacon. holotype, lv, ams C24345.

Type locality. — A. thetidis : 5-8 miles off Port Kembla, New South Wales, Australia,

“ Thetis ”, stn 49, 34°28' S, 151°06-03' E, 137-1 15 m. C. salacon. 27 miles E of Sydney Heads, New

South Wales, Australia, 549 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 272, 24°40' S, 159°43' E, 500-540 m, 1 spm. Stn DW

305, 22°09' S, 1 59°24' E, 430-440 m, 1 lv, 1 rv.

Norfolk Ridge, chalcal 2: stn DW 73, 24"40' S, 168°38' E, 573 m, 2 spms, 5 lv, 4 rv. Stn DW 74,

24°40' S, 168°38' E, 650 m, 2 spms, 4 lv, 5 rv. Stn DW 75, 24°39' S. 168°39' E, 600 m, 2 spms,

2 rv.

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 479. 21°09' S, 167°55' E, 310 m, 1 lv. - Stn DW 485, 21°23' S,

167°59' E, 350 m, 1 lv.

New Hebrides Arc. volsmar: stn DW 30, 22°17' S, 1 7 1°1 8' E, 450-550 m, 5 lv, 10 rv.

Gemini: stn DW 51, 20°59' S, 170°03' E, 450 m, 4 lv, 6 rv.

Distribution. — Eastern Australia, Chesterfield Islands as far east as New Hebrides Arc.

Present material living at 500-650 m.

Description. Shell rather small, fragile, inequivalve,

inequilateral, up to ca. 10 mm high, left valve slightly more

convex than right, auricles unequal in size, umbonal angle

about 95°. Left valve creamy, sometimes with white spots,

opaque; right valve uniform whitish, semi-transparent.

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height.

Left valve sculptured with irregularly spaced radial costae,

commencing at ca. 2 mm shell height, enlarging to ventral

margin. Concentric lamellae delicate, close-set transversing

radial costae. Auricles with delicate, closely-spaced concentric

lamellae. Hinge line straight.

Right valve with regularly spaced concentric lirae. Anterior

auricle with closely-spaced, concentric lamellae and 1-3

weakly developed radial riblets.

Internal lirae generally 10. with some rudimentary inters¬

titial lirae, plus I or sometimes 2 auricular lirae. Lirae fine at

first, becoming stronger distally near submarginal region.

Hinge line slightly raised at margins, with small scales on

dorsal margin. Resilifer triangular. Byssal notch small, no

ctenolium.

Remarks. — Closely related species are Parvamussium cristatellum (Dautzenberg & Bavay,

1912) from Indonesia and the Bay of Bengal, and P. siebenrocki (Sturany, 1901) from the

northwestern Indian Ocean. It is possible that both are synonyms, as 1 have already suggested

(Dijkstra, 1991: 14).

P. thetidis is the type species of Ctenamussium which Hertlein (1969: N350) synonymized with

Parvamussium. Indeed, it is a typical Parvamussium.

Source :

36

HENK DIJKSTRA

Parvamussium torresi (E.A. Smith, 1885)

Figs 51-54, 125-128

Amussium torresi E.A. Smith, 1885: 311, pi. 23, figs 3-3b.

Other references:

Glyptamusium torresi — Iredale, 1939: 370.

Propeamussium (Parvamussium) torresi — Dijkstra, 1990: 3.

Type material. Lectotype (Figs 125-8, H 7.8, L 7.9, D 2 mm) here designated, live taken,

bmnh 1887.2.9.3316, 5 paralectotypes bmnh 1887.2.9.3317/1-5. Size of the lectotype is somewhat

different from Smith's measurements, due to some damages near ventral margin of left valve, and

marginal apron of right valve broken off.

Type locality. — E of Cape York, Queensland, Australia, ‘■Challenger”, stn 185B. 1 1°38'15"

S, 143°59'38" E, 285 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, chalcal 1: stn D 13, 19°33'S, 158° 38' E, 390 m. 3 lv.

musorstom 5: stn DC 291, 23°08' S, 159°28' E, 300 m. 1 rv. — Stn DW 328, 20°23' S, 158°44' E,

340-355 m, 1 spm, 8 lv, 25 rv. — Stn DW 329, 20°23' S, 158°47' E, 320 m, 23 lv, 34 rv. — Stn DW

334, 20°06' S, 158°48' E, 315-320 m. 1 spm, 7 lv, 3 rv. — Stn DW 335, 20°03' S, 158°45' E, 315 m,

1 spm, 3 lv. — Stn DC 376, 19°51' S, 158°30' E, 280 m, 7 lv, 1 rv.

corail 2: stn DC 169, 18°21'S, 155°20'E, 575 m, 1 lv, 2 rv.

New Caledonia, musorstom 4: stn CC 174, 19°00' S. 163°18' E, 365 m. 2 lv.

Norfolk Ridge, chalcal 2: stn DW 71, 24°42' S, 168°09' E, 230 m, 1 lv.

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 459, 21°0T S, 1 67°3 1 ' E, 425 m, 22 lv. 58 rv. — Stn DW 468

21°06'S, I67°33'E, 600 m, 1 lv, 1 rv.

New Hebrides Arc. volsmar: stn DW 17, 22°23' S, 1 7 1°4 1' E, 260-300 m, 1 spm, 1 lv, I rv.

Distribution. — Torres Strait and Sulu archipelago (Smith, 1885; Dijkstra. 1990). Now also

recorded from the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands. Present specimens living

at 260-355 m. 6

Description. Shell rather small, fragile, suborbicular,

inequivalve, semi-transparent white, up to ca. 9 mm high, left

valve somewhat more convex than right, auricles unequal in

size, umbonal angle ca. 100".

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve glossy, very weakly sculptured with irregularly

spaced concentric growth lines. Sometimes with minute,

close-set concentric lamellae near ventral margin. Auricles

smooth: anterior auricle considerable larger than posterior.

Hinge line straight.

Right valve covered with regularly spaced concentric lirae.

close-set near the umbonal area, becoming more widely

spaced towards ventral margin. Anterior auricle sculptured

with 1-5 weakly de-veloped radial riblets, absent on posterior.

Prominent concentric lamellae near anterior margin, more

weakly developed near posterior margin. Hinge line somew¬

hat elevated due to strong lamellation on antero-and postero-

dorsal margins.

Internal Tirae generally 10. plus 1 small auricular lira on

each side. Sometimes with the addition of 1 or 2 rudimentary

interstitial lirae. Left valve transparent white, sometimes with

white spots, right valve semi-transparent white. Resilifer

triangular. Outer ligament well developed. Small byssal

notch, no ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present specimens are very similar to the type material. Small specimens of

P. torresi and P. scitulum are easily confused, because of their variable sculpture. The left valve of

P. torresi is rather convex, that of P. scitulum strongly compressed to nearly flat, and more brightly

coloured. The right valve of P. torresi is covered with regularly concentric lirae, which are generally

lacking on P. scitulum.

A closely related species is Parvamussium formosum (Melvill & Standen, 1907) from the Gulf

of Oman, which is sculptured with weak radial striae near the posterior and anterior margins of the

left valve, while the auricles are more strongly sculptured than in P. torresi.

Source

BATHYAL PECTINOIDF.A FROM NEW CALEDONIA

37

P. torresi is the type species of Glyptamusium, which was synonymized with Parvamussium by

Hertlein (1969: N350). Oyama (1944: 242, 244) misspelled the name “ Graptamussium

Parvamussium undisonum sp. nov.

Figs 55-58

Type material. Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 5 mnhn, 1 usnm, 2 hd.

Type locality. Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6, stn DW 489, 20°48' S, 167°05' E, 700 m.

Material examined. New Caledonia, biocal: stn KG 06, 20°34' S, 166°52' E, 735 m, 2 rv

(paratypes: mnhn, usnm).

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 488, 20°49' S, 167°06' E, 800 m, 4 lv (paratypes: 3 mnhn,

1 hd). Stn DW 489, 20°48' S, 167°05' E, 700 m, 1 spin (holotype).

New Hebrides Arc. Gemini: stn DW 55, 20°59' S. 170°01' E, 710 m, 1 spm, I rv (paratypes: mnhn, hd).

Distribution. — New Caledonia and New Hebrides Arc, 700-800 m, living 700-710 m.

Description. Shell rather small, inequivalve, inequila¬

teral. up to ca. 14 mm high, somewhat higher than wide, left

valve slightly more convex than right, translucent white:

auricles nearly equal in size, relatively small, umbonal angle

ca. 90".

Prodissoconch ca. 210 pm in height.

Left valve covered with undulating concentric lamellae that

cross irregularly spaced radial costae, enlarging towards

ventral margin. Auricles with close-set concentric lamellae,

which is somewhat more prominent on the anterior auricle.

Hinge line straight.

Right valve ornamented with regularly spaced concentric

lirae. very weak near submarginal and marginal areas, which

are covered by a layer of delicate undulating concentric

lamellae (often worn off in dead specimens). Anterior auricle

well developed, sculptured with 5 radial riblets, covered with

concentric iamellae, which is strongly developed on anlero-

dorsal margin. Posterior auricle covered with concentric

lamellae, which are more prominent on postero-dorsal mar¬

gin. Marginal apron broken off in all specimens seen.

Internal lirae 10. 4 of them rudimentary, plus 1 small

posterior auricular lira on the left valve; 9 lirae plus 2

rudiriientary. and I posterior auricular lira on right valve.

Lirae commencing near adductor insertion scar and enlarging

towards to submarginal area. Exterior sculpture of left valve

slightly visible from the interior. Outer ligament small.

Resilifer triangular. Byssal notch small. Fasciolar pseudo-

ctenolium present, with one active tooth.

Dimensions of the holotype: FI 14.2, L 13.9, D 3.1 mm.

Remarks. — The most closely related species is P. sayanum (Dali. 1886) from the Gulf of

Mexico and West Indies, which has almost identical sculpture. It differs, however, in having more

prominent, radial and more widely spaced concentric lamellae, which are more delicate on the

auricles.

Waller (1984: 213) discussed the pseudo-ctenolium in P. sayanum , which is an unusual

feature in Propeamussiidae. P. undisonum is another propeamussiid with an active tooth, only visible

in adult specimens. One immature right valve (9 mm high) from biocal stn KG 06 lacks this tooth.

No other propeamussiid species known from the Indo-Pacific region approaches P. undisonum.

Etymology. — From the undulating sculpture (Latin undisonus, adi. = surrounded by wave).

Parvamussium vesiculatum sp. nov.

Figs 59-62, 93-96

Type material. Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 2 ams C201715, 12 hd, 43 mnhn, 2 nmnz

M268538, 2 nsmt, 2 usnm.

Type locality. South-east New Caledonia, biocal. stn DW 44, 22°47' S, 167°14'E,

440-450 m.

38

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 55-62. — 55-58. Parvamussium undisonum, holotype. 14.2 x 13.9 mm (db). 55. left valve, exterior. - 56, left valve,

interior. - 57. right valve, exterior. — 58. right valve, interior. — 59-62. P. vesiculatum , holotype, 6.0 x 5.8 mm

(db). 59, left valve, exterior. — 60. left valve, interior. 61. right valve, exterior. — 62, right valve, interior.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

39

Material examined. — New Caledonia. " Vauban " 1978-79: stn 15, 22°49' S. 167°12' E,

390-395 m. I lv.

biocal: stn DW 08, 20°34' S, 166°54' E, 435 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 44, 22°47' S, 167°14' E, 440-450 m,

37 spms, 13 lv, 14 rv (holotype and paratypes). — Stn CP 45, 22°47' S, 167°15' E, 430-465 m, I lv.

- Stn DW 46. 22°53' S, 167° 17' E, 570-610 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 49, 23°03' S, 167°32' E, 825-830 m,

1 rv. _ stn DW 51, 23°05' S, 167°45' E, 680-700 m, 2 lv. — Stn DW 106, 21°36' S, 166°29' E, 625-

650 m, 2 spms.

musorstom 4: stn DW 184, 19°04' S, 163°27' E, 260 m, 1 spm. — Stn DW 210, 22°44' S, 167°09' E,

340-345 m, 1 spm, 2 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DW 222, 22°58' S, 167°33' E, 410-440 m. 2 lv. — Stn DW 234.

22°15'S, 167°08'E, 350-365 m, 1 spm.

Norfolk Ridge, chalcal 2: stn DW 76, 23°41' S, 167°45' E, 470 m, 2 spms.

smib 3: stn DW 22, 23°03' S, 167°19' E, 503 m, 7 lv.

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 479, 21°09' S. 167°55' E. 310 m, 1 lv.

Distribution. — New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, shells in 260-830 m, living in 260-

650 m.

Dkscription. — Shell small, suborbicular. inequivalve.

inequilateral, semi-transparent, up to 6 mm high, left valve

slightly more convex than right, auricles unequal in size,

umbonal angle ca. 95°.

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve widely spaced concentric lirae with strongly

developed nodules or hollow scales, broken off in all

specimens seen below umbonal region, commencing almost

immediately, close-set at first, becoming stronger and more

widely spaced towards ventral margin. Irregular radial riblets

between concentric lirae. Auricles covered with concentric

lamellae, stronger on anterior auricle, slightly closer on

posterior auricle. Hinge line straight.

Right valve with regularly spaced concentric lirae. very

weakly developed near umbonal region. Prodissoconch and

dissoconch pellucid. Anterior auricle with 4 delicate radial

riblets, which are covered by concentric lamellae that deve-

lope into scales on the dorsal margin. Posterior auricle with

concentric lamellae, strongly developed on dorsal margin.

Byssal fasciole well developed.

Internal lirae rudimentary. 5 near anterior and 4 near

posterior margin. I delicate auricular lira on anterior and a

stronger one on posterior of left valve; right valve with 3

rudimentary lirae on anterior, posterior margin with I

auricular lira on posterior auricle. External sculpture visible

from interior of both valves. Resilifer triangular. Byssal notch

small, no ctenolium.

Both valves semi-transparent white; right valve with a large

white spot at centre of disc.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 6, L 5.8, D 1.8 mm.

Remarks — A few paratypes lack external sculpture on the left valve (Figs 95-96) after the

shell attains 2 mm high, and are very fragile, smooth, glossy and transparent.

Parvamussium vesiculatum most closely resembles P. texturatum which is sympatric and is

slightly more orbicular with somewhat larger auricles. The radial costae on the left valve are more

prominent in the latter species, whereas concentric lirae are more strongly developed and more widely-

spaced in P. vesiculatum. P. vesiculatum is ornamented with nodules on the concentric lirae, whereas

P. texturatum bears more scales. There are also differences in the internal lirae, which are rudimentary

and fewer in number in P. vesiculatum. and well developed in P . texturatum.

Etymology. — From the nodular sculpture of the left valve (Latin vesiculatus. adj. — with

nodules).

Genus Cyclochlamys Finlay, 1926

Cvclochlamys Finlay, 1926: 452. Type species (OD): Pecten transenna (sic) Suter, 1913. Recent, near the Snares. New Zealand.

91 m.

Synonym:

Chlamydella Iredale, 1929: 164. 188. Type species (OD): Cyclopecten favus Hedley, 1902. Recent, off New South Wales,

Australia, 75-91 m.

Diagnosis. Shell inequivalve. minute, orbicular to strongly oblique; left valve sculptured

with radial and/or concentric riblets or striae, right valve with commarginally elongate hexagonal

40

HENK DIJKSTRA

(honeycomb-like) microstructure (simple calcitic prismatic outer layer); auricles unequal; byssal notch

well-developed; no ctenolium; no internal lirae.

Distribution. — Recent. Subantarctic, South Australia and West Pacific from New Zealand

to Japan (Hayami & Kase, 1993).

Remarks. — Cyclochlamys was erroneously mentioned as a “nom. null." by Hertlein (1969:

N353). It differs from Cyclopecten by a pteriform shell, a triangular prodissoconch and the

commarginally elongate hexagonal (honey-comb like) microstructure of the right valve.

Cyclochlamys favus (Hedley, 1902) comb. nov.

Figs 87-90

Cyclopecten favus Hedley, 1902: 305, fig. 50 (as C.Jlavus, sic).

Synonyms:

Cyclopecten obliquus Hedley. 1902: 306. fig. 51.

Cyclopecten nepeanensis Pritchard & Gatliff, 1904: 338. pi. 20. fig. 5.

Other references:

Chlamydella favus - Cotton & Godfrey, 1938: 98, fig. 85 (after Hedley). — Cotton. 1961: 103, fig. 89.

Type material. — C. favus: holotype (H 3.0, L 3.4, D 0.5 mm) live taken, ams C 1 323 1 .

20+ paratypes v, ams Cl 7 1633. — C. obliquus : holotype lv, ams Cl 3234, 70+ paratypes v, ams

C13232, Cl 3233. — C. nepeanensis: holotype lv, nmv F558.

Type locality. — C. favus: 5. 5-7. 5 miles NE of Cape Three Points, New South Wales,

Australia, "Tltelis", stn 13, 33°28' S, 1 5 1 °33' E, 75-91 m. — C. obliquus: 5-8 miles off Port Kembla,

New South Wales, " Thetis ", stn 49, 34°28' S, 151°06-03'E, 115-137 m. — C. nepeanensis: Back

Beach. Point Nepean. Victoria, Australia.

Material examined. — The type material.

Australia. Off Moreton Bay, Queensland. 27°3T S, 153°40' E, 75-80 m.l rv (ams). — E of Sydney,

New South Wales, "Gascoyne", stn G2-56-62, 150 m, several valves (ams). — NE of Woolongong,

New South Wales, “ Kapala ”, stn K75-05-06, 34°18-24' S, 151°26-21'E. 466-494 m, 13 v (ams). —

2.5 miles NE Beaching Bay, Maria Island, SE Tasmania, " Penghana ”, 42°27.5' S, 148° 12' E, 82.5 m,

several spms (ams). Between Eucla and Esperance. Western Australia, " Gascoyne ”, stn G2-96-62,

79-147 m, several v (ams).

New Caledonia, biocal: stn DW 44, 22°47' S, 167°14' E, 440-450 m, 1 spm (typical). — Stn DW 46,

22°53' S, 167° 17' E, 570-610 m, 6 spms (typical), 2 spms (var. obliqua).

— Southern Australia and New Caledonia. Present material living at 440-

Distribution.

610 m.

Description. — Shell small, up to ca. 3 mm high,

translucent. Valves dissimilar in shape, size and sculpture.

Prodissoconch ca. 240 pm in height (Figs 87-88).

Left valve somewhat larger, more convex, transparent,

smooth except for a few minute concentric growth lines

(typical) or with a few more prominent concentric lirae

(var. obliqua ); auricles nearly equal, with some concentric

lines. Outer ligament insertion with small holes near resilifer

(Fig. 89).

Right valve somewhat smaller, transparent, smooth, with

hexagonal microsculpture (Fig. 90). Anterior auricle with

close-set concentric lamellae. Byssal notch well developed; no

ctenolium.

Remarks. — The present material is similar in all respects to the type specimen from off New

South Wales. Cyclochlamys favus is rather variable in sculpture on the left valves with weak or

Source

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

41

pronounced concentric growth lines, and sometimes secondary radial striae. Completely smooth

specimens are also known.

Genus Cyclopectex Verrill, 1897

Cyclopecten Verrill. 1897: 70. Type species (SD, Sykes. Smith & Crick, 1898): Pecten pustulosus Verrill. 1873: 14: Recent,

off Newfoundland. Canada. 274 m.

Synonym:

Xenamussium Oyama, 1944: 244. [Proposed as a subgenus of Propeamussium). Type species (OD): Pecten lioskynsi Forbes,

1844; Recent, "Asia minor" [= off Turkey].

Diagnosis. — Shell equivalve, small, usually orbicular, laterally compressed, prodissoconch

flat curved; left valve usually sculptured with radial and/or concentric costae or striae, right valve with

concentric lamellae; auricles unequal; byssal notch well-developed; no ctenolium; no internal lirae.

Distribution. — Miocene to Recent. Worlwide, subtidal to hadal (Hayami & Kase, 1993:

59). In the Indo-Pacific Cyclopecten , however, only lives in deep-water (Dijkstra, unpubl. data).

Remarks. In the original diagnosis of Cyclopecten, the characters “few pectinidial teeth

[= ctenolium], byssus small and a few threads”, refer to “ Cyclopecten ” orbicularis (Sowerby)

[= Lissochlamis exotica (Dillwyn, 1817)], a pectinid species. These characters are not present in

Cyclopecten, as defined by the type species. There are many described species of Cyclopecten but they

are currently placed in different genera, for example Delectopecten (a pectinid) (Hertlein, 1969;

Knudsen, 1970; Habe, 1977; Bernard. 1978; Rombouts, 1991) or Palliolum Monterosato, 1884 (also

a pectinid) (Abbott, 1974, pro parte). Also, several “ Cyclopecten ” species described from the

subantarctic region, belong to Cyclochlamys (Dijkstra, unpubl. data). Cyclopecten is morphologi¬

cally closest to Parvamussium. As Hayami & Kase (1993: 59) suggested, Cyclopecten may have been

derived from Parvamussium through paedomorphic evolution. Shell characters of Xenamussium are

sufficiently similar to Cyclopecten to suggest synonymy.

Cyclopecten horridus sp. nov.

Figs 63-64, 98

Type material. — Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 5 mnhn, 2 hd.

Type locality. — Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6, stn DW 420, 20°29' S, 166°43' E, 600 m.

Material examined. — New Caledonia, biocal: stn KG 06, 20°34' S, 166°52' E, 735 m, 1 lv

(paratype). — Stn DW 08, 20°34' S, 166° 53' E, 435 m, 3 lv, 2 rv (paratypes: 3 mnhn, 2 hd).

biogeocal: stn DW 307, 20°35' S, 166°55' E. 470-480 m, 1 lv (paratype).

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 420, 20°29' S, 166°43' E, 600 m. 1 spm (holotype).

Distribution. — New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands, shells in 435-735 m. living in 600 m.

Description. Shell small, suborbicular, inequivalvc. up

to ca. 6 mm high, left valve more convex than right, marginal

apron of right valve pressed against margin of interior of left

valve, auricles of nearly equal size, umbonal angle ca. 125°,

whitish opaque.

Prodissoconch ca. 220 pm in height.

Left valve covered with regular concentric lamellae, closely-

set in early ontogeny, enlarging towards periphery. Erect

hollow spines developing on lamellae (Fig. 98), which are

stronger near the ventral margin (broken off near umbonal

area in all specimens seen). Crowded microscopic granules

between concentric lamellae, radial scratches added in late

ontogeny. Auricles covered with sculpture identical to that on

exterior of disc.

42

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 63-70. — 63-64. Cyclopecten horridus, holotype. 5.9 x 6.0 mm (db). — 63. left valve, exterior. 64. right valve, exte¬

rior. — 65-68. C. pellucidulus, holotype, 6.1 x 6.8 mm (db). 65. left valve, exterior. — 66. left valve, interior.

67, right valve, exterior. 68. right valve, interior. — 69-70. Delectopecten musorstomi, biocal: stn DW 64. 4.3 x

4.3 mm (db). — 69. left valve, exterior. 70. right valve, exterior.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PF.CTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

43

Right valve with regular concentric lirae, close-set to 2 mm

shell height, then transformed into more widely spaced,

undulating concentric lamellae with delicate spines near

ventral margin. Granulate microsculpture between the

concentric lirae and lamellae. Anterior auricle sculptured

with 3 radial riblets covered with concentric lamellae. Poste¬

rior auricle poorly differentiated from disc, covered with

concentric lirae. Hinge line straight. Antero-dorsal margin

with scales, squamae weakly developed on postero-dorsal

margin. Byssal notch strongly developed. No ctenolium.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 5.9. L 6, D 1.6 mm.

Remarks. — A somewhat similar species is Parvamussium araneum Dijkstra, 1991 from

the Indonesian Archipelago. This species has a few internal rudimentary lirae, and micro-sculpture

on the right valve has radial scratches. Another related species is P. vidalense (Barnard, 1964) from

off Zululand, South Africa. The radial sculpture of P. vidalense is somewhat weaker than in P.

araneum , with overriding concentric lamellae, while the erect spines are weaker. Moreover, a few

more internal rudimentary lirae are present in P. vidalense than in P. araneum , but they are absent

in C. horridus.

Some shell features of C. horridus resemble those characteristic of Delectopecten, such as

arrangement of erect spines on concentric lamellae, and strongly developed byssal notch. A ctenolium

however, is absent, and the sculpture of the right valve is more similar to that in Cyclopecten.

Etymology. — From the spiny sculpture (Latin horridus , adj. = bristly).

Cyclopecten pellucidulus sp. nov.

Figs 65-68

Type material. — Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 1 hd, 2 mnhn.

Type locality. — South of New Caledonia, biocal, stn DW 51, 23°05' S, 167°44' E, 680-

700 m.

Material examined. — Only known from the type material.

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality, northern Norfolk Ridge, alive in 680-

700 m.

Description. — Shell small, fragile, pellucid, suborbicular.

inequivalve, up lo ca. 6 mm high, left valve slightly more

convex than right, auricles equal in size, umbonal angle ca.

125°.

Prodissoconch ca. 230 pm in height.

Left valve covered with curved concentric lamellae,

commencing at 2 mm shell height, enlarging towards ventral

margin. Umbonal area smooth and glossy. Auricles with

close-set concentric lamellae.

Right valve covered with delicate regularly spaced concen¬

tric lirae that gradually enlarge, interspaces with microscopic

radial scratches. Anterior auricle with concentric lamellae,

stronger than on posterior auricle, strongly developed scales

on antero-dorsal margin. Exterior sculpture visible from

interior of both valves. Interior with one weak liration on the

inner side of each auricle. Resilifer triangularly elongate.

Byssal notch present, no ctenolium. Outer ligament small.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 6.1, H 6.8, D 1.2 mm.

Remarks. — A somewhat similar species is Cyclopecten aupouria Powell, 1937 from northern

New Zealand, which attains larger size, is more convex, and is opaque white with more delicate

concentric lirae and finer radial lirae. Another related species is C. bavayi Dijkstra, 1990 from the

Ceram Sea (Indonesia), which is also slightly larger, opaque, and covered with numerous concentric

lamellae on the early disc, and small radial riblets, which are absent in C. pellucidulus.

Etymology. — From the translucence of the shell (Latin pellucidulus , adj. = translucent).

44

HENK DIJKSTRA

Family Entoliidae Teppner. 1922

Entoliidae Teppner. 1922: 89. 274.

Synonym:

Syncyclonemidae Waller. 1978: 353.

Diagnosis. Byssate or free Pectinoidea. lacking prismatic calcite; foliated calcite thin or

absent; crossed-lamellar aragonite dominant extending to margins; byssal notch without ctenolium.

Remarks. Waller (1978) described a new family Syncyclonemidae in Pectinoidea. and

treated Pectinella as a junior synonym of Syncyelonema Meek. 1864. Later, he reduced Syncyclone¬

midae in rank within the family Entoliidae, and reinstated Pectinella as a Recent genus (Waller.

1984: 219).

Genus Pectinella Verrill, 1897

Pectinella Verrill, 1897: 68. Type species (OD): Pecten ( Pseudamusium) sigsbeei Dali. 1886; Recenl. Cuba. 289 m.

Diagnosis. — Shell equivalve, small, transparent, nearly smooth, with convex and nearly

equal valves; auricles very unequal, oblique; byssal notch well-developed; no ctenolium.

Distribution. - Recent, Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, central and western Pacific; 240-

300 m.

Pectinella aequoris Dijkstra, 1991

Figs 71-74

Pectinella aequoris Dijkstra. 1991: 23. figs 78-86.

Type material. Holotype lv, rmnh 56567, 4 paratypes rv, rmnh 56568-56569.

Type locality. Indonesia, Bay of Sanagar, N of Sumbawa, “Snellius-II", stn 4.111

8°19.3'S, 118°15.6'E, 175-185 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 272, 24°41' S, 159°43' E, 500-540 m. I lv.

Loyalty Islands, biogeocal: stn DW 296, 20°38' S, 167°10' E, 1230-1270 m, 1 lv.

musorstom 6: stn DW 397, 20'’47' S, 167°05' E, 380 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 474, 21°09' S, 167°55' E,

260 m, 1 spm.

volsmar: stn DW 38, 22°22' S, 168°44' E, 380-420 m, 1 lv.

Distribution. Indonesia, Hawaiian Islands and Fiji Islands (Dijkstra, 1991). Now also

found in the Chesterfield Islands and the Loyalty Islands. Present material living at 260 m.

Description. — Shell rather small, convex, elongate,

slightly equivalve, semi-transparent, up to ca. 20 mm high,

right valve somewhat more convex than left, auricles unequal

in size, umbonal angle ca. 90°.

Prodissoconch ca. 220 pm in height.

Left valve smooth, glossy, with microscopic radially diver¬

ging scratches. Delicate close-set concentric striae enlarging

towards ventral margin. A few concentric iirae near umbonal

region. Some specimens with a few delicate, irregularly

spaced radial grooves that commence near centre of disc and

enlarge ventral margin (visible from interior as very weak

lirae). Anterior auricle with concentric lirae, weaker on pos¬

terior. Delicate concentric striae near lateral margin. Hinge

line straight. Internal surface glossy, and microscopically

Source MNHN. Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

45

-78 71-74, Peclinella aequoris, musorstom 6: stn DW 474. 18.2 x 16.6 mm (db). - 71, left valve, exterior

72. left valve, interior. 73, right valve, exterior. 74. right valve, interior — 75-78. Pseudohmmies levu BIOGE°Cal.

itn CP 273, paratypes, 41.8 x 45.1 mm (lv), 28.9 x 37.2 mm (rv). - 75. left valve, exterior. — 76. left valve, mte-

-ior. 77. right valve, exterior. 78, right valve, interior.

Source

46

HENK DIJKSTRA

granulated. One lira! tooth (auricular crura) formed near

border of each auricle. Resilifer triangularly elongate. Car¬

dinal crura rather broad near resilial pit on antero-dorsal

region. A prominent tooth near pit on postero-dorsal region.

Right valve with similar microsculpture to that of left valve.

Auricles strongly produced on dorsal margin. Antero-dorsal

region of auricles with narrow straight groove, hinge line

strongly raised. Postero-dorsal side" of auricles a small

depression. Byssal notch well developed, no ctenolium.

Creamy transparent with orange-brown and white macula-

tions on left valve, right valve transparent and uniformly

cream.

Remarks. — The present specimens are similar to the type material, although larger in size.

For comparison with Pectinella sigsbeei and other species, see Dijkstra (1991: 25).

Family Pectinidae Wilkes, 1810

Pectinidae [as Pectinoidae] Wilkes, 1810: 32 [emend. Waller, 1978]

Diagnosis. — Byssate, cemented, or free living Pectinoidea with outer, prismatic calcited layer

on right valve; crossed-lamellar aragonite inside of pallial line or absent; byssal notch with ctenolium,

at least at early growth stages.

Remarks. — The family Pectinidae is usually attributed to Rafinesque (1815). Wilkes,

however, has priority. For synonymy see Hertlein (1969: N348).

Genus Pseudohinnites Dijkstra, 1989

Pseudohinnites Dijkslra. 1989: 29. Type species (OD): Pseudohinnites levii Dijkstra, 1989.

Diagnosis. — Shell inequivalve, medium-sized, fragile, very irregular, with a Hinnites-Uke

appearance; auricles unequal; left valve convex, right valve flat; exterior of left valve with irregular

radial costae and concentric lamellae overlying the radial costae and interstices; right valve smooth,

with irregular concentric waves or irregular depressions, giving a deformed appearance; byssal notch

with ctenolium.

Distribution. — Recent. Western to southwestern Pacific; 700-2000 m.

Remarks. — Pseudohinnites somewhat resembles Hyalopecten, although the former has

different shape (“Hinnites- like”), whereas the latter is regular undulated. Pseudohinnites is still under

study and will be discussed elsewhere (Knudsen & Dijkstra, in prep.).

Pseudohinnites levii Dijkstra, 1989

Figs 75-78

Pseudohinnites levii Dijkstra. 1989: 29, figs 1-3; 1990: 7. figs 14-15.

Type material. — Holotype and paratypes mnhn.

Type locality. — SE of New Caledonia, biocal, stn DW 70, 23°25' S, 167°53' E, 965 m.

Material examined. — New Caledonia, biocal: stn CP 26, 22°40' S, 166°27' E, 1618-1740 m

2 fragm. lv, 3 fragm. rv (paratypes). — Stn CP 30, 23°09' S. 166°41' E, 1 140 m, 4 fragm. lv, 1 fragm’

rv (paratypes). - Stn DW 70, 23°25' S, 167°53' E, 965 m, 1 lv (holotype). — Stn DW 80. 20°32' S,

166°48' E, 900-980 m, 1 rv (paratype).

Source MNHN. Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

47

biogeocal: stn CP 232, 21°34' S, 166°27' E, 760-790 m, 1 lv. - Stn CP 243, 21°27' S, 166°26' E, 1820

m, 3 lv. - Stn CP 260, 21°00' S, 166°58' E, 1820-1980 m, 3 lv, 2 rv (paratypes). — Stn CP 265,

21°04' S, 167°00' E, 1760-1870 m, 1 fragm. lv. — Stn CP 273, 21°02' S, 166"57' E, 1920-2040 m, 4 lv,

3 rv (paratypes).

calsub: dive 13, 21°26' S, 166°23' E, 1567-1807 m, 1 spm Guv.).

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn CP 438, 20°23' S, 166°20' E, 780 m, 2 rv. Stn DW 488, 20°49 S,

1 67°06' E, 800 m, 2 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW 489, 20°48' S, 167°06' E, 700 m, 2 fragm. rv.

New Hebrides Arc. subpso: dive 7, sample 706, 15°50' S, 166°42' E, 2000 m, 2 spms.

Distribution. — Dijkstra (1989) described this species from New Caledonia, and recorded

material from the Philippines and Indonesia (Dijkstra 1989, 1990). Now also found from the Loyalty

Islands and the New Hebrides Arc. Present specimens living at 1567-2000 m.

Description. Shell medium-sized, fragile, semi¬

transparent white, interior nacreous, suborbicular. inequi-

valve, variable in shape, left valve Strongly convex, right valve

flat to slightly concave, up to ca. 35 mm high, auricles

unequal, umbonal angle ca. 110°.

Prodissoconch ca. 300 pm in height.

Left valve covered with rather regular, closely spaced,

radial costae, which multiply and enlarge towards ventral

margin. Irregular close-set concentric lamellae between and

across radial costae, commencing at ca. 10 mm shell height

and enlarging to form slightly scaly lamellae near periphery.

Auricles continuous with disc margins, sculpture similar to

that on disc. Hinge line straight.

Right valve irregularly indented, ornamented with delicate,

rather regularly spaced, undulating radial lirae. Anterior

auricle separated from disc by a distinct suture, posterior

continuous with disc margin, auricular sculpture similar to

that on disc. Byssal notch present. Inactive and active

ctenolium (4-7 teeth). Hinge line somewhat elevated. Two

indistinct resilial teeth are present; no dorsal teeth (crura).

Resilifer triangular, outer ligament very small.

Remarks. — The present specimens of P. levii will make it possible to supplement the original

description with information on the anatomy (Knudsen & Dijkstra, in prep.). For comparison with

Pseudohinnites adamsi (Dali, 1886) from the West Indies, see Dijkstra (1989. 32).

Genus Hyalopecten Verrill, 1897

Hyalopecten Verrill, 1897: 63, 71. pi. 18, fig. 5. Type species (OD): Peeler, rndatus Verrill & S. Smith in Verrill, 1885; Recent,

off Chesapeake Bay, Maryland, USA, 2603 m.

Remarks. — P. undatus Verrill & S. Smith is a homonym of Pecien undatus Defrance, 1825

and a senior synonym of Hvalopecten ddectus Verrill & Bush in Verrill, 1897 [Recent, off Martha s

Vineyard, Massachusetts, USA, 3316 m], which then becomes the valid name of the type species (see

North, 1951a: 234).

Diagnosis. — Shell inequivalve, compressed, hyaline; valves with concentric undulations or

corrugations and sculptured with fine radial lirae on one or both valves; auricles unequal, byssa

notch well-developed, ctenolium present.

Distribution. — Miocene to Recent, worldwide, 800-7000 m (Knudsen, 1970).

Remarks. — Grau (1959: 55) treated Hyalopecten as a subgenus of Cyclopecten (a

propeamussiid), and was followed by Knudsen (1970: 97) and Rombouts (1991: 79) Hertlein (1969:

N354) considered Hvalopecten a subgenus of Palliolum (a pectmid), placed in the Eburneopecten

group, and Vaught' (1989: 119) placed Hyalopecten in the tribe Eburneopectmim. Hyakrpecten is

considered a valid Recent genus of Pectinidae by other authors (Bernard. 1983; Sc.hein, 1988, 789

Dell, 1990; Dijkstra, 1991). Waller & Marincovich (1992: 219) consider Hyalopecten as related

to a radially sculptured ancestor, Praechlamys Allasinaz, 1972 from the Triassic, without placing it

in a higher taxon.

Source MNHN. Paris

48

HENK DIJKSTRA

Type material.

Type locality.

710 m.

Hyalopecten mireilleae sp. nov.

Figs 79-82

Holotype mnhn. Paratypes: 2 mnhn, 2 hd.

S New Hebrides Arc, volsmar, stn DW 55, 20°59'

S,

1 70°02' E,

Material examined. — New Caledonia, biocal: stn CP 72, 22°09' S, 167°33' E, 2100-21 10 m

1 juv. rv (paratype). — Stn KG 85, 20°59' S, 167°00' E, 1639 m, 1 lv (paratype).

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn CP 438, 20°23' S, 166°20' E, 780 m. 1 lv (paratype hd) — Stn

DW 489, 20°48' S, 167°06' E, 700 m, 1 rv (paratype hd).

New Hebrides Arc. gemini: stn DW 55, 20°59' S. 170°02' E, 710 m, 1 spm (holotype).

Distribution. — Eastern New Caledonia to the New Hebrides Arc, 700-2110 m living in

710 m.

Description. Shell small, up to ca. 14 mm high, fragile,

oblique, elongate, inequivalve, inequilateral, semi-transparent

white, right valve more convex than left, auricles unequal,

umbonal angle ca. 90”.

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve externally sculptured over entire surface with

regular spaced concentric lamellae that enlarge towards

ventral margin. Lamellae near periphery more strongly

curved and more irregularly and closely spaced. Delicate

radial lirae between concentric lamellae, more prominent

directly beneath each concentric lira. Anterior and posterior

auricles with curved, closely spaced concentric lirae. somew¬

hat more prominent and widely arranged on anterior.

Anterior auricle larger than posterior auricle, sculpture

similar to that of disc margins. External sculpture visible

from interior. Interior surface nacreous.

Right valve with regular concentric lamellae and many

delicate interstitial radial lirae similar to those on left valve.

Anterior auricle separated from disc by distinct suture,

sculptured with irregularly spaced, concentric lamellae, deve¬

loped into spinous scales on dorsal margin. Posterior auricle

with close-set concentric lamellae and continuous w'ith the

disc margin. Resilifer triangular. No cardinal crura exposed.

Only an inactive ctenolium is developed (two teeth of active

ctenolium are developed in paratype from biocal: stn CP 72).

Byssal notch present.

Dimensions of the holotype: H 13.4, L 11, D 5.6 mm.

Remarks. — A somewhat similar species is Hyalopecten tydemani Dijkstra, 1990 from the

Ceram Sea (Indonesia), which is smaller, less oblique, and ornamented with very closely spaced

concentric lamellae. Moreover, the delicate interstitial radial lirae are absent. The western Atlantic

species H. slrigillatus (Dali, 1889) is more like H. tydemani, but is somewhat more strongly sculptured

with closely spaced concentric lamellae. The anterior auricle of the right valve in both species is

relative smaller in H. mireilleae. Hyalopecten pudicus (E.A. Smith, 1885) from the southern Indian

Ocean is more depressed, slighly more orbicular, with an undulating surface. H. pudicus is more

similar to H. dilectus from the Atlantic Ocean. Hyalopecten neoceanicus (Dali, 1908) from the

Ga apagos Islands is more orbicular and depressed with a slightly undulating surface, and reticulate

sculpture. Hyalopecten profundicola (Okutani, 1962) from abyssal depths of Japan is more depressed,

more oblique and orbicular, and the right valve has more closely spaced lamellae. Hyalopecten hadalis

(Knudsen. 1970) from the Kermadec Trench is somewhat larger (up to 20 mm in height), oblong,

strongly undulated, and sculptured with fine, close-set radial striae, anterior auricle of the right valve

very small and byssal notch well developed. Hyalopecten sp. (Knudsen, 1970: 102) from the Tasman

Sea is much larger (up to ca. 35 mm), also oblong and strongly undulated, and sculptured with radial

Etymology. Named after Mrs Mireille Moreau, technician at mnhn, who has skilfully been

processing the bivalves from the various expeditions around New Caledonia.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

49

19-86. 79-80. Hyalopecten mireiileae, hololype. 1 3.4 x 1 10 mm (lv)_ — 79. left ^'1.7^^' exterior"' ^'s^'righTvalve.

81-82. musorstom 6: stn CP 438. paratype. 12.1 x 10 4 mm (rv). - SLnght vaKe. extern) • g

interior. — 83-86. Delectopecten fluctuate, calsub: dive 15, 4.5 x 5.1 mm (dO).

84. left valve, interior. 85. right valve, exterior. - 86. right valve, interior.

50

HENK DIJKSTRA

Subfamily Camptonectinae Habe. 1977

Diagnosis. — Pectinidae with antimarginal microsculpture, weak radial costae or striae

sometimes present; shell microstructure of outer lathic or foliated calcite, inner crossed-lamellar

aragomtic layer to margins; auricles unequal; byssal notch with ctenolium.

Genus Delectopecten Stewart, 1930

^7r,es (0D): Pecm m

c„ , t DlAGN(’SIS- - Shell inequivalve, small, fragile, nearly orbicular, valves nearly equal convex

sculptured with concentric rows of scales or vesicles, spinose radial ridges and/or fine diverged radial

striae, byssal notch well-developed; ctenolium present.

Distribution. — Early Cretaceous to Recent, worldwide, 27-4256 m (Clarke, 1962).

Remarks. — Grau (1959: N38) considered Delectopecten a subgenus of Cvclooecten and

synonymized Arctmula Thiele, 1934 and Catillopecten Iredale, 1939. Characters o/ Arc t inula

however, are similar to those of Similipecten Winckworth, 1932 (Schein, 1989; 96) now placed in

a»° i°nSidered a RCCent genUS ^ Propeamussiidae (Zv» \m.

89), and most closely related to Bathypecten Schein-Fatton, 1985.

(1969: N354) treated Delectopecten as a subgenus of Palliolum, placed in the

p < J ill grouP; Current|y’ however, Delectopecten is interpreted as a Recent genus of

199I: & M— c„, ,992: 2,9) an§d JSUd

Delectopecten alcocki (E.A. Smith, 1904)

Figs 111-114, 147-150

Pecien alcocki E.A. Smith, 1904: 13.

Other references:

“ " ALCOCK' Annandale & McGilchrlst. 1907: pi. 18, figs 4. 4a-b. - Knudsen. 1967: 282, pi. 2, figs 3-4.

PDecten (Pseudamussium) alcocki - Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 6.

rropeamusstum (Hyalopecien) alcocki - Winckworth, 1940- 26

Delectopecten alcocki - Poutiers. 1981: 331, pi. 1, fig. i. - Dukstra, 1991: 26, fig. 87.

Type material. — Lectotype live taken, (Figs 147-150' H 19 0 1 18 0 mn mrn\

designated, zsi M669/1, and 29 paralectotypes zsi M667-668, M670-698/1.

Type locality. Off southern India, “ Investigator ”, stn 232, 7° 17' N, 76°54' E, 786 m.

Material examined. - The type material

* lv- ■ rv.

jAECKB?a™nUSDS7Nmm(1^ H°n describ=d‘his sPeci« from off southern India. Thiele &

jaeckel (1931), Knudsen (1967) and Dukstra (1991) added records from the Philippines, the Banda

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

51

Sea and Sumatra (Indonesia), Gulf of Aden and eastern Africa. Now its range is extented to the

Chesterfield Islands. Present material living at 650-660 m.

Dfscription. — Shell up to ca. 15 mm high, orbicular,

semi-transparent white, auricles nearly equal in size, umbonal

angle ca. 125°.

Prodissoconch ca. 280 pm (Knudsen, 1967).

Left valve with delicate diverging radial striae over entire

disc Crenulated concentric growth lines with radially aligned

scales. Auricles identically sculptured and continuous with

the disc. Hinge line straight.

Right valve sculptured as on left valve, although somewhat

weaker. Anterior auricle separated from disc by a suture,

with 2-4 radiating ridges and radial lamellae. Byssal fasctole

and notch strongly developed. Inactive and active ctenolium

(3-5 teeth) present. Resilifer triangular. External sculpture

barely visible from interior.

Anatomy described by Knudsen (1967: 282).

Remarks. — The present material corresponds in all aspects with the type material. Further

notes on soft parts and ecology are given by Knudsen (1967: 283) and Dijkstra (1991: 26).

Delectopecten fluctuatus (Bavay, 1905)

Figs 83-86

Pecten (Clilamys) fluctuatus Bavay, 1905: 188. pi. 17, Figs 3a-b.

Type material. — Holotype, ?live taken, zsi M 3359/1.

Type locality. — Off Andaman Islands, depth unknown.

Material examined. — The type material.

Loyalty Islands, calsub: dive 15, 20°37' S, 166°58'E, 538 m, 1 spm (juv.).

Distribution. Andaman Islands and the Loyalty Islands. The present specimen living at

538 m.

Description. Shell up to ca. 10 mm high, fragile,

suborbicular, undulating, slightly inequilateral, semi¬

transparent white to opaque cream, auricles unequal, umbo¬

nal angle 90°-105°.

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve undulating and complexly sculptured with line,

regularly spaced, scaly radial riblets, commencing at ca. 2

mm shell height and progressively enlarging and multiplying

by intercalation to ca. 30. Delicate, closely spaced lamellae

between radial riblets commencing early on disc, enlarging

towards ventral margin. Entire surface of disc covered with

microscopic diverging striae. Anterior auricle larger than

posterior, both auricles sculptured with delicate, close-set.

concentric lamellae, and very fine radial striae; posterior

auricle more nearly continuous with disc margin. Hinge line

straight. A few small scales on dorsal margin. External

sculpture sometimes visible from interior of valves.

Right valve undulating, sculptured as in left valve but with

smaller scaly radial riblets. Anterior auricle separated from

disc by distinct suture, posterior continuous with disc.

Anterior auricle with 4 very weak radial riblets. covered with

concentric lamellae. Strongly developed scales on antero-

dorsal margin. Byssal fasciole and notch well developed.

Inactive and active ctenolium (3 teeth) present. Resiliter

triangular. No cardinal crura.

Remarks. — The present immature specimen is similar to the type specimen, although

semi-transparent white instead of opaque cream as in the holotype. Moreover, the scaly sculpture is

somewhat more prominent in the holotype. Delectopecten alcocki is closely related but is more

orbicular and larger, with an almost smooth exterior surface, and without any undulations. D.

macrocheiricola (Habe, 1951), from Japan, is more weakly sculpture with diverging scratches and the

surface of its disc is more weakly undulating, especially on the early disc. Habe s species is a so muc

larger (up to 25 mm high). D. musorstomi is orbicular with a stronger sculpture, diverging radia

scratches and weaker concentric lirae. Dijkstra (1989: 32) suggested that D. fluctuatus could possibly

be a Pseudohinnites, but after examining the badly damaged holotype (zsi), I have come to tne

conclusion that it is a Delectopecten.

52

HENK DIJKSTRA

Figs 87-92. 87-90. Cyclochlamys favus, biocal: sin DW 46. 87. right valve, exterior, scale bar 200 urn. - 88. right valve,

dissoconch stage, scale bar 50 pm. 89, right valve, hollow sections internal ligament, scale bar 25 urn. 90. right

valve, hexagonal prismatic microstructure, scale bar 10 pm. 91-92. Parvamussium multiliratum, biocal: stn CP 75,

paratypes. 91. left valve, exterior, scale bar 350 pm. 92. right valve, interior, scale bar 350 pm.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

53

Delectopecten musorstomi Pouliers, 1981

Figs 69-70

Delectopecten musorstomi Poutiers, 1981: 331. pi. 1, figs 2-3

Other reference:

Delectopecten musorstomi — Dijkstra. 1991: 26.

Type material. — Holotype live taken, mnhn.

Type locality. — N of Lubang, Philippines, musorstom 1, stn 18, 13°57' N. 120° 17’ E.

150-159 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

New Caledonia, biocal: stn DW 64, 24”48' S, 168°09' E, 250 m, 1 spm.

Distribution. — Philippines (Poutiers, 1981), Indonesian Archipelago (Dijkstra, 1991), now

extended to New Caledonia. Present material liv

Description. Shell small, up to ca. 5 mm high,

orbicular, transparent, equivalve. equilateral, anterior auricle

somewhat larger than posterior, umbonal angle ca. 120 .

Prodissoconch ca. 200 pm in height.

Left valve covered with microscopic diverging radial striae

and 14-20 fine, irregularly spaced, scaly radial lirae. that

commence at ca. 1 mm shell height and progressively enlarge.

Fine regularly spaced, somewhat crenulated, concentric

growth fines. Scales often broken. Auricles continuous with

The disc and similarly sculptured. Hinge line straight.

I at 2j0 m.

Right valve sculptured similar to that of left valve, with

slightly stronger microscopic concentric lirae in early disc,

that commence at about 1.5 mm shell height. Anterior auricle

separated from the disc by distinct suture, with 4-5 radia

ridges and concentric lamellae, the latter strongly developed

at dorsal margin. Byssal fasciole and notch well developed.

Inactive and active ctenolium with 2-3 teeth. Resilifer trian¬

gular. Valves sometimes with a few white spots. External

sculpture visible from the interior.

Remarks. — The present specimen is very similar to the holotype of D. musorstomi from the

' Poutiers (1981: 332) compared Delectopecten musorstomi with D. polyleptus (Dali, 1908) trom

the Galapagos Islands and Chile. Another related species is D.fluctuatus which has similar sculpture,

though it is larger (up to 10 mm high) and the disc is undulating, and there are more numerous sea y

radial lirae.

Subfamily Chlamydinae Teppner, 1922

Tribe Chlamydini Teppner, 1922

Diagnosis. Chlamydinae with microsculpture of diverged striae (antimarginal); shagreen

(reticulated) microsculpture present at least in early growth stages.

Genus Laevichlamys Waller, 1993

Laevichtamys Waller. 1993: 204. Type species (OD): Pecten multisquamalus Dunker, 1864; Recent, Cuba.

Diagnosis. Byssate, non-cemented, free living Chlamydini; shagreen (reticulated) micros-

culpture absent; sculptured with closely spaced, weak radial costae on both valves, reguia

commarginal lirae absent; byssal notch with ctenolium.

54

HENK DIJKSTRA

600 am Id ll , , vesiculaturn, biocal: stn DW 44. paratypes. 93. left valve, exterior, scale bar

600 un ’ o 4-, rf i ’ fXten0^ antero-rnarginal detail, scale bar 100 pm. - 95. left valve, exterior, scale bar

n6' ff Va r, e en0r' <?°,rsal1regl0n detaiK scale bar 200 97 • p retiolum, musorstom 5: si

paratype, left valve, exterior, central detail, scale bar 100 pm.

exterior, postero-marginal detail, scale bar 50 pm.

no _ stn CP 363,

98. Cyclopecten horridus, biocai.: stn DW 08, left valve.

Source MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

55

•9-106. 99-102. Parvamussium iheiidis, Chalcal 2: sin DW 73, 10.0 x 9.8 mm (lv), 8_9 x 8.9 mnJ ^ ^vamusshm

exterior. 100. left valve, interior. 101 . right valve, extenor. 102 nght valve ntenor. ™ ££££“_

lexturalum , musorstom 5: stn DW 300, 6.5 x 6.6 mm (db). 103, left valve, ex . .

105. right valve, exterior. 106. right valve, interior.

Source .

56

HENK DIJKSTRA

f '/ 107-110. Parvamussium pauciliratum, musorstom 5: stn DW 263, 8.2 x 8.1 mm (Iv). 7.2 x 7.2 mm (rv). —

07, left valve, exterior. - 108. left valve, interior. 109, right valve, exterior. 110. right valve, interior. 111-

1 14, Delectopecten alcocki, corah. 2: stn DE 14. 10.4 x 10.1 mm (db). 111. left valve, exterior - 112 left valve

interior. 1 13, right valve, exterior. 1 14, right valve, interior.

Source :

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

57

Distribution. — Miocene to Recent. Indo-West Pacific and western Atlantic; littoral to

sublittoral.

Laevichlamys kauaiensis Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938

Figs 121-122

Chlamys kauaiensis Dali, Bartsch & Rehder. 1938: 92, pi. 22, figs 9-10.

Other references:

Chlamys kauaiensis - Kay, 1979: 525. figs 168 F-G. Earle, 1985: 1, 4. fig.

Type material. — Holotype, rv, usnm 335674.

Type locality. Off Hanamaulu warehouse, Kauai. Hawaii Islands, Albatross , stn 4132,

470-571 m.

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn DW 329, 20°23' S, 158"47' E, 320 m, 1 rv.

20°45' S, 1 60°54' E, 500-510 m, 1 rv.

New Caledonia. “Vauban” 1978-79: stn 40, 22"30' S, 166"24' E, 250-350 m, 1 rv.

Stn DC 388,

Distribution. Hawaiian Islands (Dall, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938; Kay, 1979; Earle.

1985), now also Chesterfield Islands and New Caledonia. Present material taken dead at 250-510 m

Description. Shell small, up to ca. 6 mm high, Iragile.

suborbicular, equivalve, right valve slightly more convex than

left, anterior and posterior auricles very unequal in size,

umbonal angle 90-95°.

Prodissoconch ca. 240 pm in height.

Left valve sculptured with 24-28 fine regularly spaced

radial riblets, with delicate scales (often eroded). Microscopic

diverging scratches between radial riblets. Auricles sculptured

with 3 or 4 scaly axial riblets that are somewhat more

prominent on anterior. Hinge line straight.

Right valve sculptured like the left. Anterior auricle with

5 of 6 scaly radial scaly. Antero-dorsal margin strongly

denticulate. Posterior auricle narrow, with 3 or 4 spinous

riblets. Byssal fasciole and notch well developed. Inactive and

active ctenolium with 4-6 teeth. Resilifer triangular. Anterior

resilial tooth more prominent than posterior. Internal plicae

extending from central sector to ventral margin.

Left and right valves usually cream, white or bright yellow

or orange-red. sometimes with small white spots.

Remarks. - The present specimens are very similar to the holotype of L. kauaiensis, ^although

somewhat more brightly coloured, with slightly stronger sculpture on the posterior auricle ol the right

valve. L. kauaiensis is rather variable in radiation and coloration.

Also similar to L. kauaiensis is L. allorenti (Dijkstra, 1988) from Reunion and adjacent areas

(see Dijkstra, 1988: 21).

Genus Veprichlamys I redale, 1929

Veprichlamys Iredale, 1929: 164. 188 (Proposed as a subgenus of Mimaclilamys]. Type species (OD): Chlamys penllustns

Iredale, 1925; Recent, off Victoria. Australia, 274-457 m.

Diagnosis. — Non-cemented thin Chlamydini, obliquely oval; slender radial costae with

prickly lamellae, interstices broad with or without secondary radial riblets; microsculpture

longitudinal or diverged scratches; auricles very unequal; inner ribs undulated, lacking cannae, yssa

notch well-developed with ctenolium.

Distribution. — ?Miocene to Recent, Pacific Ocean, including New Zealand and the

Galapagos Islands; 120-1280 m (Dijkstra. unpubl. data).

58

HENK DIJKSTRA

Veprichlamys kiwaensis Powell, 1933

Figs 119-120

Chiamys kiwaensis Powell, 1933: 371, pi. 40. figs 1-5.

Other reference:

Clilamys kiwaensis - Powell, 1979: 378. pi. 72. fig. 14.

Type material. — Holotype live taken, aim AK70167.

Type locality. — 400 miles W of New Plymouth, New Zealand, 39‘W S, 168°50' E.

1097-1280 m.

Material examined. — New Zealand. Off Taiaroa Heads, 475-640 m, 2 v (nmnz M9138).

41°35'S, 174°53' E, Palliser Bay, 366-549 m, 5 spms (nmnz M9850). — 44°45.6' S, 171°05'E, off

Taiaroa Heads, 549 m, 2 v (nmnz M12827). — 41°30.7' S, 174°58.4'E, Turakirae Trench, Cook

Strait, 448-512 m, 7 spms (nmnz M29148). — 41°30.5' S. 174°54' E, Turakirae Trench, Cook Strait,

640-658 m, 3 spms (nmnz M29129). — 43°I4' S, 173°39' E, Pegasus Canyon, off Banks Peninsula,

512-1006 m. 18 spms + many valves (nmnz M52769). — 42°35' S, 173°41' E, off Kaikoura, 640 m.

5 spms (nmnz M53676). — 41°55.9' S, 174°43.2' E, off Cape Campbell, 424-454 m, 14 spms

(nmnz M59679). — 41°55.8'S, 174'’40.7' E, SE of Cape Campbell, 434-446 m, 10 spms + many

valves (nmnz M60407). — 37°22.0' S, 176°28.5' E, off Mayor I., 388-448 m, 2 spms (nmnz M60094).

— Conway Rise, Kaikoura, 400 m, 10 spms (nmnz M76106).

New Caledonia, musorstom 4: stn DW 225, 22°52' S, 167°23' E, 590-600 m, 1 rv.

New Zealand, living in 366- 1006 m; New Caledonia, taken dead at 590-600 m.

Distribution.

Description. — Shell equivalve, up to ca. 35 mm in height,

suborbicular to oblique, compressed, fragile, auricles strongly

unequal.

Valves sculptured with 20-24 scabrous radial costae, inters¬

paces with Camptonectes-\ike radial striae, sometimes absent

in late growth stages. Anterior auricle of left valve sculptured

with 8 radial riblets, 5 on right valve: posterior auricles nearly

smooth.

Byssal notch well-developed, with ctenolium. Colour out¬

side dull-white or creamy, sometimes with the radials

brownish-pink; inside nacreous.

Remarks. — The present material from off New Caledonia is very similar to the type

specimens of C. kiwaensis from New Zealand, although smaller (height 12 mm). The microscopic

diverging striae between the radial costae (“ Camptonectes " — like divarications of Powell’s

description) are strongest near the antero-lateral margin in the present material, and absent near the

ventral margin.

Related species are Veprichlamys jousseaumei Bavay, 1904 from southern Japan to Indonesia,

V. perillustris from SE and S Australia, and V. incantata (Hertlein, 1972) from the Galapagos Islands.

Waller (1993: 236) mentioned also V. onzola (Olsson, 1964), a Neogene species from northwestern

Ecuador. V. jousseaumei is slightly orbicular in shape, and has numerous radial costae (30-38). V.

perillustris is more oblique, and has fewer radial costae (20-26), which are more strongly imbricated.

V. incantata is larger (height up to ca. 55 mm), less obliquely oval, and sculptured with ca. 20 radial

costae and interstitial radial riblets.

Tribe Aequipectinini Nordsieck, 1969

Diagnosis. — Chlamydinae with complex sculpture of radiating costae, regularly lamellose

with series of hollow chambers or secondary interstitial concentric lamellae, equilateral and auricles

more equal in late growth stages.

Source :

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

59

Figs

115-122. 115-118, Cryplopecten bulla t us, MUSORSTOM 6: sin CP 464. 15.9 x 17.0 ram (db).

rior. - 116, left valve interior. 117. right valve, extenor. - 118. right valve, mter or.

kiwaensis, musorstom 4: stn DW 225. 12.2 x 10.8 mm (rv). 119 nght valve, exterior. 120. nght valve, in

rior. - 121-122. Laevichlamys kauaiensis. " Vauban " 1978-79: stn 40. 6.9 x 6.9 mm (rv). - 121. right valve,

rior. — 122. right valve, interior.

Source

60

HENK DIJKSTRA

Genus Cryptopecten Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938

Bartschn& Rehder, 1938: 93. Type species (OD,: Cryptopecten alii Dali, Bartsch & Rehder. 1938; Recent,

Synonym:

Corymbtchjamys Iredale, 1939: 367.Type species (OD): Chlamys corymbiatus Hedley, 1909; Recent, off Queensland. Australia.

Diagnosis. — Shell small, orbicular, convexity variable, laterally compressed, auricles nearly

equal, valves sculptured with 12-25 radial costae, regularly lamellose, interspaces with fine imbricated

Shct^^P10^ WUh 3 ^ radiaI riblets; byssal notch well-developed and moderately deep.

Distribution. — Lower Miocene-Recent. Indo-Pacific, western Atlantic-

bathyal (Hayami 1984: 116).

upper shelf to upper

Cryptopecten buUatus (Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912)

Figs 115-118

Pecten (Chlamys) bullatus Dautzenberg & Bavay, 1912: 17. pi. 27, figs 1-2.

Synonyms:

Cryptopecten alii Dali. Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 93 pi ’3 figs 1-4 7

Cryptopecten complanus Wang, 1983: 402, 405. figs 1.1-7. ’

Other references:

Chlamys ( Aequipecten ) tissotii - Kuroda, 1932: app 95

Chlamys alii - Kay. 1979: 524. fig. 168A.

g It * 2- P'- P«- '«• % 3- PI- . I- fig. 3; WaoNER, ,989:

r- T/YPu ^AtTER1AI-; - 9 bullatus: holotype, live taken, zma 3.12.006, 2 paratypes zma 3.12.007.

paratype'iOAS °M lTo^r6 l?3194‘ _ Complanus: hol«type. live taken, ioas Ml 1072.

171°19'TFP?7s°mALITz; ~n Cc bu!!atus: Su>u Archipelago. Philippines. “Siboga”, stn 105, 6°08' N,

, -75 m C. al/i. South coast of Oahu. Hawaii Islands, “ Albatross ”, stn 381 1, 436-461 m

C. complanus : East China Sea, 31°05' N, 128°00' E, 147 m. ’

Material examined. — The type material.

Chesterfield Islands. CHALCAL 1: stn D 35, 19°45'S, 158°26'E 210 m 1 lv

musorstom 5: stn DW 255, 25*>15' S. 159°55' E, 280-295 m. 3 lv. - Stn DW 258, 25"3T S 159*46' E

300 m, I spm. - Stn DW 277, 24“ 1 1' S, 159"35' E, 270 m, 1 rv — Stn CP 279 24*09' s’ 159"38' F

360*300 iV- T Stn CP 289’ 24°°2' S- 1 59°38' E" 273 2 lv- - Stn DW 299, 22*48' S 59*24' E

20 23 S misl& E T 3°6- 22°08^ 159°21' E- 375-4.5 m. 2 lv, I 'rv. - Stn DW 3li

ZU Z3 S 158 44 E, 340-355 m, 1 rv. — Stn DC 388, 20°45' S, 160°54' E, 500-510 m I lv

corail : stn DW 114, 19°25' S, 158*38' E. 217 m, 1 lv, I rv. — Stn DW 129 19*28' S 158°34'E

215 m, 1 rv. - Stn CP 131, 19*25' S, 158°38' E, 215-217 m, 1 lv ’

l978;79: Stn 33- 22°33' S' I66°25' E- 29°-350 m- I lv. - stn 37, 22°32' S

166 26 E, 175-250 m, 1 rv. - Stn 40, 22*30' S, 166*24' E, 250-350 m 1 lv

biocal: stn CP 105, 21*31' S, 1 66°22' E, 330-335 m 1 lv

musorstom 4: stn DW 219, 23°03' S, 167°33' E, 760 m, 1 rv.

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

61

smib 2: stn DW 14, 22°53' S, 167°13' E, 405-444 m, 1 spm.

smib 5- stn DW 77, 23°41' S, 168°01' E, 270 m, 1 spm. — Stn DW 91, 22°18' S, 168°41' E, 340 m,

V rv. — Stn DW 92, 22°20' S, 168°41' E, 280 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 98, 23°02' S, 168°16' E, 335 m,

I iv;_ stn DW 105, 23° 14' S. 168°05' E, 310 m, 1 lv.

Lovaltv Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 391, 20°47' S, 167°06' E. 390 m, 1 spm, 2 rv. — Stn DW 392,

20°47' S 167”05' E 340 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 398, 20°47' S, 167°06' E, 370 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 406,

20°4 1 ' s' 1 67°07' E, 373 m, 1 spm. 1 lv. Stn DW 416, 20°42' S, 166°60' E, 343 m, 3 rv. — Stn DW

421 20°26' S 1 66°40' E, 245 m, 1 rv. Stn DW 428, 20°24' S, 166° 13' E, 420 m, 1 rv. Stn DW

457’ 2 1 "00' S, 167°29' E, 353 m. 2 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW 459, 21°01' S, 167°31' E, 425 m. 1 spm, 1 lv,

] rv _ Stn DW 464, 21°02' S, 167°32' E, 430 m, 3 spms. 4 lv. — Stn DW 479, 21° 09' S, 167°55' E,

310 m 1 lv ? rv — Stn DW 480, 21°09' S. 167°56' E, 380 m, 1 rv. - Stn DW 481, 21°22' S, 167°

50' E, 300 m, 1 lv. — Stn DW 485, 21°23' S, 167°59' E, 350 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 487, 21°23' S.

167°46' E, 500 m, 1 spm.

New Hebrides Arc. volsmar: stn DW 7, 22°26' S, 171°44' E, 325-400 m, 2 spms, 2 lv, 2 rv. — Stn DW

8. 22°25' S, 171 °43' E, 630 m, 1 fragm. lv. — Stn DW 9, 22l>23' S, 171°42' E, 275-300 m, 1 lv. - Stn

DW 16, 22°25' S, 171°4r E, 420-500 m, 1 lv, 1 rv. — Stn DW 17, 22°23' S, 171°42' E, 260-300 m,

1 spm. stn DW 38, 22"2T S, 168°43' E, 380-420 m, 1 lv.

Distribution. — Throughout the western, southwestern and central Pacific, western Indian

Ocean, Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia, Loyalty Islands and New Hebrides Arc. Present material

living at 260-500 m.

Description. Shell up to ca. 25 mm high, usually

20 mm, moderately thin, depressed, somewhat oblique

towards posterior half, equivalve, inequilateral, right valve

slightly more convex than left, auricles unequal in size,

umbonal angle ca. 110°.

Prodissoconch ca. 230 pm in height.

Left valve with 17-20 radial costae (commonly 18-19).

commencing at 2 mm shell height and gradually enlarging,

strong on central ridge, with numerous cavities on their sides.

Interspaces commonly narrower than costae, finely lamellate.

Anterior auricle slightly larger than posterior, sculptured

with 2 prominent radial riblets and 2-4 interstitial radial

riblets. Posterior auricle with 1 strong radial riblet and 3-

5 smaller ones between disc margin. A few denticulated scales

on antero - and postero-dorsal margins. Hinge line straight.

Right valve similar to that of left valve, with finer

interstitial lamellae, and stronger denticulate scales on dorsal

marein. Hinee line somewhat raised. Byssal fasciole relative

small, byssafnotch rather deep. Inactive and active ctenolium

with 4 or 5 teeth. Antero — and postero-lateral margins of

disc scarcely gaping. Resililer elongate triangular. Inner

surface of both valves strongly plicate.

Coloration very variable, commonly reddish brown with

pale oblique or zigzag markings, sometimes uniform yellow

or purple.

Remarks. — The present material is very similar to the type specimens of C. bullatus from the

Sulu Archipelago, but the latter have more radial costae (22). The auricles also have a lower number

of radial riblets. The convexity and sculpture vary with the bathymetric range and geographic

distribution. For further discussion see Hayami (1984: 98), Wagner (1989: 61), and Dijkstra (1991:

36).

62

HENK DIJKSTRA

FlGS ‘ viw2«teriOT I241mT^^ WW0”'’ lectot,yPe- 51.8 x 50.0 mm (db), - 123. left valve, exterior. - 124 right

valve! imerior - 127 S. Cal “rior "Ttt ™ X 7’-9 mm [t1 ,25' lef* valve- exterior. 126 fef!

Se? iSr (db)' - 129’ 'S°Si

Source . MNHN. Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

63

Figs 133-142. — 133-137. Propeatnussium alcocki, lectotype. 40.4 x 39.8 mm (db). 133. original label ^’Jamussiwn

exterior. 135. left valve, interior. 136. right valve exterior. 137 ngh valve Sleft valve.

andamanicum, lectotype, 30.2 x 22.4 mm (db). — 138. original label. 1.9,

interior. — 141, right valve, exterior. — 142. right valve, interior.

Source .

64

HENK. D1JKSTRA

Figs 143-150. 143-146. Propeamussium meridionale , lectotype, 13.8 x 13.4 mm (db). 143. left valve, exterior. 144. left

valve, interior. - 145, right valve, exterior. — 146, right valve, interior. - 147-150, Delectopeclen alcocki, lectotype,

19.0 x 18.0 mm (db). — 147. left valve, exterior. 148. right valve, exterior. 149, left valve, interior. 150. right

valve, interior.

Source : MNHN. Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

65

Figs 151-154. 151-152. Parvamussium pauciliralum , leclotype. 7.5 x 7.4 mm (db). 151. left valve, exterior. 152 right

valve, exterior. 153-154, Parvamussium scitulum , lectotype, 4.4 x 4.5 mm (lv). 153, left valve, exterior. 154, lei t

valve, interior.

DISCUSSION

Thirty species of Pectinoidea are now known from the Chesterfield Islands. New Caledonia

and the Loyalty Islands, at depths below 100 m. Including Pseudohinnites levii, which had been

described earlier in a seperate paper. 10 species, precisely a third of the fauna, were undescribed

before this survey. The collection studied here comprised 236 lots, i.e. 8.7 lots per species. Only

4 species ( Cyclopecten pellucidulus, Delectopecten fluctuatus, D. musorstomi and Vepriehlamys

kiwaensis), or 13.3% of the total fauna, are known from a single sample. All these observations

indicate that the fauna is probably now rather adequately sampled, at least at depths shallower than

1500 m. The bathymetric distribution of the species is summarized in Table 2. The highest diversity

is in the 600-800 m depth interval, with 14 live-taken species; respectively 9 and 8 species have been

taken alive in the 200-400 m and 400-600 m depths intervals. Below 800 m, the diversity drops to

4 species. Only 3 species ( Propeamussium meridionale, Parvamussium multiliratum and Pseudohinnites

levii ) have been taken alive deeper than 1500 m, but this may reflect the fact that much fewer samples

have been taken in very deep water.

Up to 4 species have been collected from a single station: musorstom 6: stn CP 438, 780 m

(Propeamussium alcocki and P. watsoni, alive; Hyalopecten mireilleae and Pseudohinnites levii, dead).

A maximum of 2 species have been collected alive in a single station. However, ca. 70% ol the

stations with pectinoids contain a single species.

66

HENK DIJKSTRA

Table 2. Bathymetric range of deep-water Pectinoidea from the New Caledonia region and

Indonesia. Thick bar: confirmed living depth range; thin line: depth range indicated by empty

shells only. Solid black: data for New Caledonia; stippled: data for Indonesia.

0 400 800 1200 1600 2000 2400 m

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

67

Table 3. — Occurence and abundance of Pectinoidea in deep-water off Indonesia and New

Caledonia.

Stn: number of stations where the species has been recovered.

Live/dead: number of specimens taken alive and dead respectively.

Species Indonesia NC region

Source : MNHN, Paris

68

HENK D1JKSTRA

Cryptopecten bullatus is the species represented by the highest number of samples (45),

followed by Propeamussium rubrotinctum (24) and Propeamussium meridionale (20). The species new

to science are not particularly the rare ones: they are represented, as a mean, by 8.1 samples per

species, with a minimum of 1. and a maximum of 15 samples.

Between 200 and 1000 m, propeamussiids are not only a diverse group, they may also be

locally abundant as individuals, as the examples below indicate:

Propeamussium rubrotinctum : Loyalty Islands. MUSORSTOM 6: stn DW 412, 437 m (> 50 spins).

Propeamussium watsoni: Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn CP 323. 970 m (ca. 90 spms).

— Parvamussium retiolum : Chesterfield Islands, musorstom 5: stn CP 363, 685-700 m (40 spms).

Parvamussium vesiculatum: New Caledonia, biocal: stn DW 44. 440-450 m (37 spms).

The faunal assemblage from the Chesterfield Islands, New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands

may be compared to that of the Indonesian Archipelago (Tables 2 and 3). The sampling efforts are

not directly comparable. In Indonesia, there are fewer than 150 deep-water stations (“ Siboga 91

stations, “ Snellius-JI 54 stations), as compared to ca. 700 stations for the New Caledonia region.

Conversely, the Indonesian Archipelago covers a larger geographical area, with more complex

topography, than the New Caledonia region. However, several papers (Dautzenberg & Bavay 1912;

Dijkstra, 1990, 1991) cover the deep-water pectinoid fauna of Indonesia, and a comparison between

the two faunal assemblages is not meaningless.

It is remarkable that, despite the difference in sampling intensity. Indonesia and New

Caledonia have exactly the same number of deep-water pectinoids, 30 species. It is not less

remarkable that only 12 species are shared: 60% of the pectinoids of New Caledonia are not recorded

from Indonesia and vice versa. Considering the lower number of stations in Indonesia, it is not

surprising that these 30 species are represented by fewer samples (Table 3): there is a total of 102

deep-water pectinoid samples, or 3.5 samples per species. As many as 14 species (46.7% of the fauna)

have been recorded from Indonesia based on a single sample. This indicates a more highly diversified

fauna, and it is very likely that additional species will be recorded when the sampling intensity

increases.

Table 4. — Summary of faunal affinities on the deep-water Pectinoid fauna from the New

Caledonian region.

Notwithstanding the relatively low proportion of species shared with Indonesia, the New

Caledonia fauna consists mostly of species with larger Indo-West Pacific distribution (Table 4). Four

species have a more restricted South-West Pacific distribution:/,an'amw.v.v/wm thetidis and Cycloch-

tamys favus are shared with southern and eastern Australia, and Propeamussium maorium and

Veprichlamys kiwaensis are shared with New Zealand.

Source : MNHN, Paris

BATHYAL PECTINOIDEA FROM NEW CALEDONIA

69

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

I am much indebted to P. Bouchet and B. Richer de Forges for allowing me to study the

Pectinoidea from the New Caledonian region. 1 am also grateful to P. Bouchet and the two referees

for their valuable advise and critical comments on this paper. Also many thanks are due to B.

Metivier and the technical staff, notably M. Moreau. P. Maestrati and P. Lozouet, for their kind

assistance during my visits to the mnhn. Furthermore, I wish to express my gratitude to the following

persons, who provided access to collections, assisted me, and lent or donated study material: W.

Ponder and I. Loch (ams), B.A. Marshall (nmnz), A.B. Stephenson and B.W. Hayward (aim), F.E.

Wells and S.M. Slack-Smith (Western Australian Museum. Perth), Subba Rao and Surya Rao (ZSl),

T. Okutani (Tokyo University of Fisheries), I. Hayami (Geological Institute, University of Tokyo),

T. Habe (nsmt). A. Matsukuma (Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Kyushu University,

Fukuoka), Z. Wang (ioas), R.N. Kilburn (nmp), H.K.Mienis (Hebrew University. Jerusalem), E.

Gittenberger and J. Goud (rmnh). H.E. Coomans and R.G. Moolenbeek (zma). J. Van Goethem and

A. Lievrouw (kbin), C. Vaucher and Y. Finet (Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva), J. Knudsen

and T. Schiotte (zmc), S. Morris (formerly of the bmnh), and P.G. Oliver and A. Trew (National

Museum of Wales, Cardiff). For technical assistance I thank R.G. Moolenbeek (Figs 87-98) and L.

Van Der Laan (zma) (Figs 1-86, 99-122) for taking scanning electron micrographs and light

photographs.

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DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 14

RESULTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 14

RESULT/

Systematic revision of living

species of Meiocardia , Glossidae

and Glossocardia , Trapezidae (Bivalvia)

Akihiko MATSUKUMA

Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Faculty of Science, Kyushu University

Hakozaki, Fukuoka, Japan 812-81

&

Tadashige HABE

National Science Museum

3-23-1, Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku

Tokyo, Japan 169

ABSTRACT

Living species of Meiocardia, Glossidae, are reviewed on the basis of specimens stored in various museums and

institutions, including the MUSORSTOM collection of Museum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Six species, one of them new,

are reported from the Indo-West Pacific. The type species, M. moltkiana (Gmelin, 1791), has been variously interpreted by

authors, so we redescribe it and give a new diagnosis of the genus. Other species of Meiocardia are: M. sanguineomaculala

(Dunker. 1882) (Philippines to Seychelles); M. vulgaris (Reeve. 1845) (China to Philippines); M. globosa sp. nov. (eastern

Indian Ocean to Taiwan and Philippines); M. samarangiae Bernard, Cai & Morton, 1 993 (Japan); and M. Iiawaiana Dali,

Bartsch & Rehder, 1938 (western Indian Ocean to Hawaii). Meiocardia lamarckii (Reeve. 1 845) is synonymised with M.

moltkiana. Meiocardia lamarckii of Japanese authors is not the same as M. lamarckii (Reeve), but is conspecific with M.

Iiawaiana. Meiocardia samarangiae Bernard. Cai & Morton, 1993 is a replacement name for Isocardia tetragona Adams &

Reeve, 1850 non Koch & Dunker, 1837.

The genus Glossocardia, Trapezidae, is redescribed on the basis of the type-species. Glossocardia obesa (Reeve. 1843)

(tropical West Pacific). It includes Glossocardia sloliczkana Prashad. 1932 (Philippines and New Caledonia) and the tropical

western Atlantic G. agassizii (Dali, 1886), which was originally assigned to Meiocardia. There are no records of living or fossil

species of Meiocardia from the western Atlantic or eastern Pacific.

Matsukuma. A. & Habe, T„ 1995.— Systematic revision of living species of Meiocardia. Glossidae and Glossocardia. Trapezidae (Bivalvia). In: P. Bouchet (cd.).

Resullats des Campagnes Musorstom, Volume 14. Mem. Mus. nam. Ilisl. not.. 167: 75-106. Paris isbn 2-85653-217-9.

Published 29" December 1995.

76

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HA BE

RESUME

Revision systematique des especes actuelles do Meiocardia (Glossidae) et Glossocardia (Trapezidae) (Mollusca: Bivalvia).

Les especes acluelles de Meiocardia (Glossidae) sont revisees sur la base du materiel conserve dans divers niusees et

tnstituts. y compris les collections constituees pendant les campagnes musorstom. Six especes, dont une nouvelle sont

recon n ues dans la region Indo-Ouest-Pacifique. L’espece-type, M. moltkiana (Gmelin. 1791 ). a ete diversement interpretee dans

la litterature; nous la redecrivons done, et donnons une diagnose revisee du genre. Les autres especes de Meiocardia sont ■ M

sangumeomacutaia (Dunker. 1882) (des Philippines aux Seychelles) ; M. vulgaris (Reeve. 1845) (de la Chine aux Philippines) •

M glohosa sp. nov (de I'Est de l’ocean Indien a Taiwan et aux Philippines) ; M . samarangiae Bernard, Cai & Morton 1997

(du Japon) : et M. hawaiana Dali. Bartsch & Rehder, 1938 (de l'ouest de l’ocean Indien a HawaT). Meiocardia lamarckii ( Reeve.

1845) est mis en synonymie de M moltkiana. mais M. lamarckii des auteurs japonais est un synonyme de M hawaiana

Meiocardia samarangiae Bernard, Cai & Morton, 1993 est un nom de remplaceme.it pour Isocardia tetraeona Adams & Reeve

1850. non Koch & Dunker. 1837.

Le genre Glossocardia (Trapezidae) est redecrit sur la base de son espece-type, G. ohesa (Reeve 1843) (du Pacifique

Ouest tropical). Ce genre comprend egalement Glossocardia stoliezkana Prashad. 1932 (des Philippines et de Nouvelle-

Caledome), et G agassizii (Dali, 1886), de l’Atlantique tropical americain, decrite a I’orieine coniine Meiocardia. On ne connait

aucun Meiocardia. actuel ou fossile, dans le Pacifique oriental ou I’Atlantique americain.

INTRODUCTION

The bivalve family Glossidae is characterized by trapezoidal to cordiform shells with a

cyprinoid hinge and conspicuous enrolled prosogyrous beaks. There are several living species

belonging in two genera, Glossus and Meiocardia. Almost all living species of Meiocardia are

restricted to the Indo-West Pacific. However, Dall (1886) described a living species from the tropical

western Atlantic under the name Meiocardia agassizii.

Several fossil species from the Miocene of the Netherlands (Janssen, 1984), Tertiary of

Piemonte, Italy (Sacco. 1900). and the Eocene of California (Squires & Advocate, 1986) and North

Carolina (Harris, 1919a, b) have been included in Meiocardia. The taxonomic position of these fossil

and living species from the Atlantic and the eastern Pacific is reassessed below.

Although several investigators, including Reeve (1845), Roemer ( 1 868), Buelow (1906), Lamy

(1920) and Prashad (1932), have reviewed the living species of Meiocardia. the taxonomy of

Glossidae is still confused. For example, some authors have considered Meiocardia moltkiana. the

type species of Meiocardia, to be strongly ribbed, with conspicuous nodules on the keel and a distinct

smuation just anterior to the keel (Reeve, 1845; Adams & Reeve, 1850; Buelow, 1906). whereas

Japanese authors have adopted the name for a species with an antero-posteriorly elongated, thick

shell with a sharp keel lacking conspicuous nodules (Okutani & Matsukuma, 1982), and other

authors have illustrated a shell with rounded postero-dorsal martiin as this species (Keen & Casey

1969; Abbott & Dance, 1982).

We review living species of Meiocardia, Glossidae, based on the musorstom collection in

Museum national d Histoire naturelle. Paris; National Science Museum. Tokyo; Institute of

Systematics and Population biology, Universiteit van Amsterdam; Natural History Museum

London; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University; Academy of Natural Sciences!

I hiladelphia; Los Angeles County Museum, and others.

ABBREVIATIONS AND TEXT CONVENTIONS

Repositories

ANSP

BMNH

IC

IMT

Academy of Natural Sciences. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

The Natural History Museum, London

Mr Hiroshi Ito’s private collection, Tokyo

Institute of Malacology of Tokyo, Tanashi

Source . MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

77

kem : Kanagawa Prefectural Museum. Yokohama

lacm : Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History. Los Angeles. California

mcz : Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts

mnhn : Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

nsmt : Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo

sbmnu : Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Santa Barbara, California

USNM : National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC

yc : Mrs Yoshie Yamasaki's private collection, Nagoya

zma : Institute of Systematics and Population Biology (Zoologisch Museum), Universiteit van

Amsterdam, Amsterdam

Measurements (Fig. 1):

Fig. 1 . - Shell measurements of Meiocardia and Glosso-

cardia. Cb, convexity of both valves. Cs, convexity of

single valve H. shell height. L, shell length.

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT

Family Glossidae Gray, 1847

Diagnosis. Shell rounded to cordiform, strongly inequilateral, equivalve, with strongly

enrolled, prosogyrous beaks. Ventral margin not gaping, smooth. Ligament external, opisthodetic.

parivincular. Hinge with two lamellar cardinals and two laterals. Outer surface ornamented with

commarginal sculpture. Dimyarian, with subequal adductor muscles. Pallial line simple, without

sinus.

Remarks. The family Glossidae is apparently very close to the family Trapezidae, but

differs from the latter by having a glossy shell and by lacking radial sculpture and microscopic scales

on the outer surface.

Genus Meiocardia H. & A. Adams. 1857

Meiocardia H. & A. Adams. 1857: 461. Type species: Bucardia mohkiana, Chem[nitzJ [as listed by Ft. & A. Adams] -

Meiocardia ruolikiana Spengler [as cited by Stoliczka] = Chama mohkiana Gntelin, 1791, subsequently designated by

Stoliczka. 1870: 187.

78

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Diagnosis. — Shell small, usually less than 50 mm long, cordiform, strongly inflated, strongly

inequilateral, equivalve. Beaks prominent, prosogyrous, strongly incurved. Larval ligament anterior

to beaks. Outer surface glossy or polished, ornamented with commarginal sculpture. A strong

primary keel from beak to lower posterior end separating posterior slope; weak secondary keel from

beak to upper posterior end separating postero-dorsal margin. Cardinals (1, 3a, 3b) and laterals (lai,

lam, lpi, lpiii) in the right valve; cardinals (2a, 2b, 4b) and laterals (laii, lpii) in the left valve.

Posterior laterals (lpi, lpii, lpiii) finely striated or nodulated (Figs 1-2, 4-5).

Remarks. — All living species of the Glossidae are placed in either G/ossus Poli, 1795, or

Meiocardia. Meiocardia clearly differs from Glossus in the having a smaller, subquadrate shell with

very thin periostracum and a prominent primary keel separating the posterior slope. The genus

Glossus includes only one living species, G. humanus (Linnaeus, 1758) of the Mediterranean to

northeastern Atlantic, and is characterized by having a large, rounded shell with thick, reddish-brown

periostracum and in lacking a dorsal keel. Isocardia Lamarck, 1799 is an objective junior synonym

of Glossus Poli, 1795.

Meiocardia moltkiana (Gmelin, 1791)

Figs 3-4, 24-28

Chama Moltkiana Gmelin, 1791 [ex Chemnitz, non binominal]: 3303-3304.

Synonyms:

Isocardia lamarckii Reeve, 1845: Isocardia sp. 5. pi. I, fig, 5 [China].

Meiocardia nishimurai Kosuge & Kase, 1994: 28-29. pi. 11, figs 1-5 [Bonin (= Ogasawara) Islands, Japan], (Syn. nov.).

Other references:

■•Die Moltkische Chama" Spengler, 1783: 321-325. pi. 14, figs 1-4 [South Seas; invalid, not latinized]

Chama Moltkiana Chemnitz, 1784: 105-108. pi. 48. figs 484-487 [Ostindien; appeared in invalid work], - Bruguiere. 1797-

pl. 233, figs la-d [fig. only].

Isocardia moltkiana - Lamarck. 1819: 31 [India, China], — Borv nr St. Vincent 1827- 149

Isocardia lamarckii - Hanley, 1856: appendix, 370-371. app. pi. 18, f. 34 [China], - Buelow. 1906: 7-8, pi. 8, figs 6a-b

Lamy. 1911: 132 [Mauritius].

Isocardia (Meiocardia) moltkiana - Rof.mer, 1869: 8-9, pi. 1, figs 4-7 [Australia to Philippines]. - Prashad 1932- 149-150

[pars] [Indonesia]. '

Isocardia ( Meiocardia ) Moltkeana var. lamarcki - Lamy. 1920: 298-300 [Mauritius]

Istcardta (sic) (Meiocardia) moltkiana - Abrard. 1947: 39, pi. 3, fig. 11 [Miocene, New Hebrides]

Meiocardia moltkiana sanguinomaculata (sic) - Kira. 1959: 194. pi. 71, fig. 5 [Japan], - Shikama, 1964: 67, pi, 41 fig 13

[Mie Pref.. central Japan]. ’ y ’ 6

~ KUR?nDoA,el,4'I''?7l:, ™ (Japanese), 440 (English), pi. 97, figs 11-12 [Sagami Bay, central Japan],

r<-ic°KUT1 & Matsukuma, 1982: 175-176, pi. 10. fig. 5 [Izu Peninsula, central Japan], Matsukuma, 1986: 324-325 (f )

[Okinawa]. Kosuge & Kase. 1994: pi. 10. fig. 10 [Spengler's type material]

Meiocardia letragona - Drivas & Jay. 1988: 142, pi. 56, fig. 5 [Reunion & Mauritius],

Meiocardia lamarckii - Kosuge & Kase. 1994: pi. 10. fig. 12 [one of the syntypes].

Tvpe Material. Die Moltkische Chama": Spengler’s illustrated specimens are stored in

Zoologisk Museum, Copenhagen (not examined). — Meiocardia lamarckii: syntypes. Reeve

collection, bmnh. — Meiocardia nishimurai: holotype, a conjoined specimen imt-94-1.

Type Locality. — “Die Moltkische Chama": South seas [tropical Indo-West Pacific].

Meiocardia lamarckii: China. — Meiocardia nishimurai: Ogasawara Islands, Japan.

Material Examined. — Pleistocene: Japan. Ryukyu Limestone, Kikaijima Is., Kagoshima

Pref. (nsmt-M o69745).

Recent. Japan. Kameki-sho reef, Sagami Bay (nsmt-Mo43435). — 1.5 km SW of Jogashima, Sagami

?^yorJ°’-75 m (nsmt‘Mo69739)- — Futami Bay, Chichijima Island, Bonin Islands, 27°04.5' N,

142 07.1 E, 115 m (nsmt-Mo59790). — Bonin Islands, holotype of Meiocardia nishimurai (imt-

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

79

2-6. Dentition and gross anatomy of Meiocardia. — 2a-b. Meiocardia samarangiae. - 3a-b & 4a-b. Meiocardia

moltkiana. 5a-b. Meiocardia sanguineomacutata. — 6a-b. Meiocardia hawauma. 1, 3a-3b. cardinals in the nght valve.

2a-2b & 4b, cardinals in the left valve, lai & law: Anterior laterals in the nght valve, laii: Anterior lateral in the left

valve, lpi & lpiii: Posterior laterals in the right valve, lph: Posterior lateral in the left valve, aa: Anterior adductor,

al: Adult ligament, es: Exhalant siphon, f: Foot, id: Inner demibranch. is: Inhalant siphon, od. Outer demibrantn.

pa: Posterior adductor, s: Siphons.

Source

80

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

94-1). — Aichi Pref. (nsmt-Mo69740, Kawamura Coll.). - Off Kirimezaki, Wakayama Pref.

(nsmt-Mo69741). — Wakayama Pref.. 54 m (ansp 274370). - Tokushima Pref. (nsmt-Mo69742,

Kawamura Coll.). — Okinoshima Island. Kochi Pref. (nsmt-Mo42307). - Kochi Pref. (nsmt-

Mo69743, Kawamura Coll.). — Nishinohama, Tomioka, Kumamoto Pref. (nsmt-Mo43455). _ 20-

40 m, Tomioka Bay. Kumamoto Pref. (lacm 82-23). — Tomioka Bay (nsmt-Mo43436). Okinawa

Pref. (nsmt-Mo63233). 60 m. I km WNW of Onna-son. Okinawa Pref. (lacm 79-76, 78-101).

China, (zma). — (ansp 54195, 189703, 217140). (bmnh reg. no. 1907.12.30.505; Reeve coll.;

Cuming coll.; Winckworth coll.; Trochman coll.).

Philippines. (nsmt-Mo69744. Kawamura Coll.). - Luzon Island (bmnh)

musorstom 1: stn 57. 13°53' N. 120° 13.5' E, N of Lubang Is., 96-107 m.

MUSORSTOM 2: stn CP 21. 1 4°00' N. 120° 17' E. N of Lubang Is.. 191-192 m (all mnhn).

Indonesia. Off Maroepi Is.. Ambai Group. Japen Is., Geelvink Bay, 36-45 m. mud and shells (ansp

279722). 1.6 km NE of Roemwakon. Aoeri Is.. Geelvink Bay, 36-45 m (ansp 205650. 275802). —

3.6 km N of Matas. Aoeri Is., Geelvink Bay, 32-36 m (ansp 208922).

Coral Sea. chalcal 1: stn CP 7, 19° 18' S. 158°36' E. Plateau Chesterfield-Bellona, 65-68 m (mnhn).

New Caledonia, lagon: stn 836. Secteur de Poindimie, 20°46' S, 165°16'E. 57 m. a conjoined

specimen. — Stn 928, Secteur de Koumac, 20°45' S. 164°23' E, 7-10 m. a conjoined specimen — Stn

983. Secteur de Poum. 20°23' S, 163°57' E, 38-68 m (mnhn).

"Vauhan" 1978-79: stn 40. 22°30' S, 166°24' E. 250-350 m (mniin)

smib 5: stn DW 81, 22°38' S, 167°35' E. 110 m (mnhn).

Thailand. Phuket (nsmt-Mo43437).

0.6

0.5

0.4

Cs/H

o

o

o

CO

o

o

o

o

oo

o o

o o o

QD

8o° &8o °

• • o°° cP

O ## 8

o

o

••

o

n9>

°0§o

o

o o

►o

o

o

L (mm)

o

10

20

30

FlG- 7 -ln(1 China |.Sr°Win^ ’,r*lationshiP between L. and Cs/H in Meiocardia moIlkUma. Dots: Specimens from Japan

and China. N - 25, r - 0.325: regression equation Cs/H = 0.00 129L + 0.451. Circles: Specimens from Reunion N

- 55. r - -0.258; regression equation Cs/H = -0.000818L + 0 500

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCARDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

81

Cs/H

0.6

O

O

1.0 1.2 1.4

Fig. 8. Scatter diagram showing relationship

between Cs/H and L H in Meiocardia moltkiana.

Dots: Specimens from Japan and China. N = 25;

r = -0.210; regression equation Cs/H =

-0.0874L H + 0.587. Circles: Specimens from

Reunion. N = 55; r = 0.207; regression equation

Cs/H = 0.132L/H + 0.316.

Andaman Sea. Port Blair, Andaman Island (bmnh). 19.2 km NW of Port Blair. 1 1"49' N, 92 ’53' E,

90 m. shelly sand (ansp 292189). Maldives, NW of Maduwari Is., Fadiffolu Atoll, ca. 5°18'N,

73°29' E. 45-63 m (ansp 325451).

Seychelles. Saya de Mala Bank, 100 m (bmnh).

Malagasy. Tulear (mnhn); 7.2 km W of Nosy N'Tangan. SW Nossi Be (ansp 260078).

Reunion, md 32 Reunion; stn DC 41, 2 1 °2 1 ' S, 55°27' E, 75 in. — Stn CP 42, 21°21' S. 55' 27 E, 74-77

m. Stn DC 43, 21°2F S, 55°27' E, 73-77 m. — Stn DR 47, 21°23' S, 55°37' E, 205-215 m. Stn

DC 54, 21°06' S, 55°13' E, 80-83 m. — Stn CP 55, 21°05' S. 55°13' E. 97-1 10 m. - Stn DC 56,

21°05' S, 55°12' E, 170-225 m. — Stn DC 85, 21°00' S. 55°15' E. 58-70 m. Stn DC 124. 20°52' S.

55°37' E, 40 m. Stn DC 126. 20°52' S, 55°38' E, 1 10 m. Stn CP 129. 20°51' S. 55°36' E, 290-300

m. — Stn DC 176, 21°02' S. 55°11' E, 165-195 m (all mnhn).

Distribution. Miocene: New Hebrides [Vanuatu] (Abrard, 1947). Pleistocene: Japan.

Recent: Western Japan. China, Philippines, Coral Sea, New Caledonia, Thailand, Seychelles,

Malagasy, Reunion, Mauritius.

This species lives in coarse sediments in shallow water, approximately 7-70 m, but empty shells

have been collected from deeper than 300 m.

Description. Shell small, thick, subcircular, strongly

inequilateral, equivalve. Mean of L H in Japanese and

Chinese specimens 1.257 (N = 25, SD = 0.070). not signi¬

ficantly correlated with L (r = 0.158, a = 0.05); mean of L H

in Reunion 1.297 (N = 55. SD = 0.043). not significantly

correlated with L (r = -0.0418. a = 0.05). Mean of Cs H in

Japanese and Chinese specimens 0.478 (N = 25. SD =

0.029), not significantly correlated with L (r = 0.325. a =

0.05): mean of Cs/H in Reunion 0.487 (N = 55, SD =

0.027). not significantly correlated with L (r = -0.258. a =

0.05) (Fig. 7); L/H not significantly correlated with Cs/H in

both areas (r = -0.210 in Japan and China, r = 0.207 in

Reunion, a = 0.05) (Fig. 8).

Beak prosogyrate, spirally twisted. Strong keel from beak

to postero-ventral margin. Postero-ventral margin pointed,

protruding, with a sinuation just anterior to smooth keel.

Outer surface yellowish white, ornamented with regularly

spaced concentric ribs on anterior and central slopes. Poste¬

rior slope widely concave, smooth except fine growth striae.

Inner surface creamy or milky white, shining. Anterior

adductor scar semicircular: posterior adductor scar subcir¬

cular; both scars nearly equal in size.

Measurements. See Appendix. Table 1.

Remarks. - Spengler (1783) fully described the species, but did not give it a Latin name.

Although the name, "die Moltkische Chama" of Spengler (1783). was latinized by Chemnitz (1784).

82

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

the work of Martini & Chemnitz (1769-1795) was placed by the Commission of Zoological

spedeT atUfe °n th£ St °f InValld W°rkS’ S° Gmel'n °791) mUSt be accePted as the author of the

Although Prashad (1932) cited figures given by Reeve (1845- nl 1 n AnA..c o D_

iltemS by Rffiwrmsf dT* (W°* 37'* P'' «• 7> » Meiocardia llMana, the shells

rStJ u u ^ ( 8f5) dnd 0thers rePresent Meiocardia sanguineomaculata, which has a smaller

AitKdedkSi? WItPh ^Uch coarser nbs and has conspicuous nodules on the primary keel

Although Keen & Casey (1969) assigned the specimen figured by Chenu 0862: 113 fig 533) to

haS a" antt;ro-P°steriorly elongated shell with a smooth and gently rounded

postero-dorsal area. The outer surface of shell is ornamented with fine concentric ribs and lacks

bS* LAMY (1920) COrreCt,y POinted 0Ut that this "Ot M. moltkiana.

Juveniles of M moltkiana, which have thin, quadrate shells, are similar to Meiocardia

awaian“' - but - they differ from the latter in having stronger ribs and a straight cardinal (2a).

Shells from Bonin Islands (nsmt-Mo59790 and imt-94-1) have a somewhat distinct sulcation

n front of a strong primary keel and reddish brown brotches. Although Kosuge & Kasf (1994)

proposed for ,t the name Meiocardia nishimurai, Holocene shells from KikaijVm Is and Kagoshima

Reunion shows continuous variation between the two forms (Figs 25, 26a-d).

Meiocardia sanguineomaculata (Dunker, 1882)

Figs 5, 22-23

Isocarctia moltkiana var. sanguineomaculata Dunker, 1882: 213 ("Korea"].

Other references:

8Pfig. t '' ^ ^ ~ Adams & Rbhvh. ,850: 77, pl. 22,

Isocardta ( Meiocardia ) moltkeana var. sanguineomaculata - Lamy, 1920: 298-299.

*0 ** hiustrateb by

“Coreaf’r™ iS"!; 7tvUh°,Ugh A°AMS REEVE <1850) ”oted the locality of their shell is

m, sand and coral (usnm 431 190) — Stn 5139 off Inin inin ic tr ' , J Is” 34

— Stn 5146 off Sulade Is «5„i„ Ar(.u , ’ Jol°' Jol° Is’ 36 m’ coarse sand (usnm 294513).

5148 off 9ir„n to, *’ , ArchlPelaS°- m, coarse sand with shells (USNM 292393) — Stn

Tnnnwf is ’ Ai;ch,pelaS0' 31 m, coarse sand (usnm 235929). - Stn 5149 W of Lanac

Tapul Is., 18 m, coarse sand with shells (usnm 235950). _ Stn 5151 off sin.n u- t. • i LaPac’

Archipelago, 43 m, coarse sand with shells (usnm 292027) — Stn 5253 Pakinntan h’ Su U

50 m (usnm 237240) ' ’ Mn ~>433, ‘ dkiputan Strait, Mindanao,

Andaman Sea. Port Blair, Andaman Is. (bmnh 1989178)

?6%C6 FeS55RmESa2; Stn 55°44' E> 43 m, a conjoined specimen. - Stn 16 05°36' S

55°25'F L /f J°in? specimen. - Stn 18, 05°45' S, 56°35' E, 50 m. - Stn 24' 05°09' S

MNHN) ’ JOin Specimen' ~ Stn 3°' °4°42' s’ 54'>24' E’ 47 a conjoined specimen (all

Source : MNHN. Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCARDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

83

C n,„r Ornirn 9°41'S 5 1°03' E, 16 Dec. 1964 (USNM 718999).

Saya de Malha Bank, Indian Ocean, 99 m, 2 conjoined specimens (bmnh 1910.8.31.688-689, J.S.

Gardiner Coll.)

Distribution. — Recent: Philippines, Andaman Islands, Seychelles. Meiocardia sanguineo-

maculata is a species of coarse sediments in 10 to 100 m.

Description. — Shell small, thick and solid, subquadrate

strongly inhaled, strongly inequilateral, equivalve. Mean ol

l II r i45 (N = 28, SD = 0.073), not significantly correlated

with L (r = 0.159, a = 0.05) Mean of Cs/H 0.515 (N - 28.

SD = 0.034), not significantly correlated with L (r U.iro,

a = 0 05) (Fig. 9). L/H significantly correlated with Cs/H

(r = 0 519, a = 0.05) (Fig. 10). Outer surface ornamented

with strong concentric ribs. The primary keel with prominent

tubercles, wide, rounded. Postero-ventral margin with pro¬

minent sulcation just in front of the roundly protruded

primary keel. Outer coloration whitish yellow with reddish

brown triangular blotches. Beaks spirally enrolled. Inner

surface creamy white, pale brown posteriorly. Anterior

adductor scar elongated oval to semicircular; posterior

adductor scar subcircular; both scars nearly equal in size.

Measurements. See Appendix, Table 2.

Remarks — M. sanguineomaculata has a thick, globular shell with Cs/H often exceeding 3.5

and L/H around 1.1. The shell form suggests that this species is most probably an inactive shallow

burrower. This species differs from Meiocardia moltkiana by having an antero-postenody shortened

rounded shell with stronger concentric ribs and a distinct sinuation just anterior to the keel which has

prominent tubercles.

Meiocardia vulgaris (Reeve, 1845)

Figs 12, 31-32

Isocardia vulgaris Reeve, 1845: Isocardia sp. 2, pi. 1, figs 2a-b [China).

Synonym:

Meiocardia delicata Kosuge & Kase, 1994: 29-30. pi. 11, figs 6-8, pi. 12. figs 1-3 [Okinawa, Japan). (Syn. nov.).

Other references: f

Isocardia moltkiana - Sowerby, 1852: 82. pi. 6, fig- 126. — 9^ oUj [China)3’— 8PraSHAd ^ 932M 50- 1 sTp ndonesia).

Isocardia ( Meiocardia ) vulgaris - Roemer, 1868: 9-10, pi 1, figs 9-10 [China). i-rashad. iyjz. i

Isocardia vulgaris - Buelow. 1906: 37-38, pi. 8, fig. 5 [China]. . p , r H inHial

Isocardia ( Meiocardia ) moltkeana var. vulgaris - Lamy, 1920: 297-298 [ i > • 1 994- p| 10 fig. II [one of

Meiocardia vulgaris - Sh.kama, 1964: 67, pi. 41, fig. 14 [East China Sea). - Kosuge & Kase, 1994. pi. ng 1

G$^uTlSeioSrdia) moltkiana - Keen & Casey. 1969: N657. fig. E134-7 [= Chenu, 1862, fig. 533).

Type Material. — Isocardia vulgaris : 5 syntypes in bmnh, without registration number.

Meiocardia delicata: holotype, a conjoined specimen imt-94-2.

Type locality. — Isocardia vulgaris : China. — Meiocardia delicata : Okinawa, Japan.

Material examined. - Recent: Japan. Holotype of Meiocardia delicata (MT»

China. 5 syntypes oUsocardia vulgaris (bmnh). - R. Winckworth Coll. (bmnh). — L. A. I Lee> /e Co ^

(BMNH). - (ZMA). - (ANSP 54063, 54064. 138495). - (usnm 17495, 32049 and 759 12). (u ac

13513, 48064, A1463, A5076). — Hong Kong (usnm 47939). — Taiwan (kpm 761-2357). Ch

(usnm 186123). , ... . „ , _ , q „ H

Philippines. “Philippines" (nsmt-Mo69747, Kawamura Coll.). — ‘™1PP'!ie? ’ 5Q'm (I acm

Cuming coll. (bmnh). — Nazasa Bay, Zambales Prov., W Luzon, 14 48.9 N, f ~ Turtle

60-40). — NE Villa Carmen, Bataan Prov., W Luzon, 2-9 m (lacm 89954). W of Boan .,

Is, SW Sulu Sea, 29-32 m (lacm 89904). ,, ,

*■ Albatross ” stn 5097, S of Corregidor Is., Manila Bay, 54 m, gray mud, sand and shells (usnm

283971). — Stn 5107, off Corregidor Is., Manila Bay, 50 m, gray mud (usnm 235242). Mn a ,

84

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Cs/H

0.5

oo

o

®

CO

CO

%

A

O

O

O

O

O

10

20

30

'J'J 40 50

D„B, _

regress, on equation Cs/H = 6.00 1 03 L - 0.505. Triangles N = 28; r = 0.155;

?L“Tnaw!,a»; f"' °°T Tt (USNM 302604)- - St" ^ 56, off

off Tinakta Is., Tawitewi, SW Si, ^ArcSaao « m fi 'n** (USNM 2921 l7>- ~ Stn 5,57.

Tawitawi. SW Sulu Archioehpn 2? m , 8 ' \2 m" bne sand <USNM 2361 10). - Stn 5164, off SE

Panay, 47 m. fine SE ofV t" '° ' NE

58 m, green sand (usnm 293088) - Stn 5?m M -,r rt , ' 1^“’ ? _ of Bantayan Is.. NW of Cebu,

248221). - Stn 5220. N of Mannduaue 9(i m f “ " 90 m- muddy “ad (usnm

Magabao Is., E. Mindanao, 79 m Xmud <US™,2483767 - Stn 5235, off

Palawan. 83 m, sandy mud (usnm 229~’~’9) - Stn 5335 I ' 8t~ 5335, , ltl;ipacan Str., N of

Palawan. 83 m, sandy mud Jusnm 297^ - s " Ills' pZTp ' N of

coarse sand and mud (usnm 237803 297338) Stn 5477 ff' r u aSS’ ofF Preservatory Is., 77 m.

(usnm 238563). - Stn 5478. off Talbac Pt I Ztf !n? V ^ Pt'’ Leyte’ 86 m- 8™Y mud

Pt., Leyte, 112 m, fine sand (usnm ">3858 1 ) E end of Cn ^ SNNI -dI13-2). Stn 5480, off Tacbac

247061). SW of San Nicholas Shoals Lmht M f„i? ^orrfg,dor £ Manila Bay, 11-18 m (ansp

SE Luzon. 54 m (lacm 89903) _ Ragav Gulf SF I * ^ ^f6662’ 246705,‘ ~ RaSay Gulf.

Hulagaan Is., Occidental Mindoro (aSp ?<>207n T (NSMT-M°69746’ Kawamura Coll.,. -

Maqueda Bay, Samar Is. (mcz) - N end of C>h I Rorongai1: Samar Prov.(LACM 89907).

60557). ' 1 N end of Cebu ,s- (ansp 245942). - Cebu (nsmt-Mo54938,

musorstom 3: stn DR 140 11°43'N m°34'c „ , «. ,,

Malaysia' * 7* « Panay is~^44 -mShn) ^ ^ 93‘" m (MNHN>' St" CP 14R

Indonesia, corindon: stnCH 205° LWS ?q m’ mud (USNM 297635).

(mnhn). ^ 1 08 S’ 1 17 19 E, Makassar Strait, 49 m, a conjoined specimen

Welkmost Bay, Bantam, Java (usnm 761 i 371 __ d

1 34°04' E. W of Babi Is., Wokam NE Aru 54 63 gdnler- Bantam- Java (usnm 261 138). 3°54' S.

, U-P.CU11, INC Aru, 54-63 m, mud (usnm 747420).

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND CLOSSOCARDIA

85

Australia, (usnm 95524, Jeffrey coll.); 14.4 km SE of Double Is., Tin Can Bay, Queensland (usnm

681655") _ Bundaberg, Queensland, 45 m (lacm 30008).

cpa 08°29' N 97"59' E. 40 km nnw of Phuket. Thailand. 42 m, sandy mud (ansp _917_9).

tTkm NE or Lighthouse Is., Phuket. 144 m (ANSP 286326). - 13=00' N, 97=41- E. 56 km W of

Tavov Is Andaman Is., 68 m, mud with shells (ansp 292935). - 13=28' N, 97=19' E, 91.2 km NW

If Tavoy'lk. 39 m. shelly sand (ansp 293036). - 12=03' N. 92=57' E, 40 km NNW of Port Blatr,

Diligent Strait, Andaman Is. 38 m, shelly sand (ansp 292612).

o ® f Bengal 1 5°08' N 94°04' E, 80 km SW of Irrawaddy River. Prepans North Channel, Burma,

53 m grav mud (ansp 293697). 19^32' N, 921'52' E, 27.2 km SSE of Akyab, Burma. 55 m. muddy

s ind (ansp 294080). - 17°35' N, 83°25' E, 28.8 km SW of Vizagapatnam, NE India, 79 m shelly

sand (ansp 294702). - 17°35' N, 83°25' E, 16 km SE of Vizagapatnam, NE India, 58 m, shelly sand

(ansp 294183).

Oman 25°50' N, 58°08' E, Oman Gulf (usnm 716879).

Zanzibar, 3.2 km W of Chango Is., 27 m, shelly sand (ansp 214511).

Malagasy. 96 km NE of Cape St. Andre (usnm 719126).

Distribution. - Recent; China, Taiwan. Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia Queensland,

Andaman Is., Burma, NE India, Oman, Zanzibar; Malagasy. This species lives in mud in to 50 m,

and empty shells have been collected in approximately 110 m on a mud bottom with shells.

Description. Shell large for genus, occasionally attai¬

ning 45 mm in length, yellowish white. L/H significantly

correlated with L (N = 19, r = 0.900, a = 0.05). Cs/H

significantly correlated with L. (N = 19. r = -0.541, a

0 05) (Fig. 9). L/H significantly correlated with Cs/H (N -

19, r = -0.449, a = 0.05) (Fig. 15). Keel running from beak

to postero-ventral corner not prominent. Postero-dorsal area

smooth. Antero-ventral area ornamented with weak concen¬

tric ribs. Postero-dorsal margin rounded. Inner surface

creamy white, umbonally yellowish, shining. Anterior adduc¬

tor scar semicircular; posterior adductor scar subcircular;

both scars nearly equal in size.

Measurements. See Appendix. Table 3.

0.6 .

Cs/H

o

o

o

9-5 - ° oo CD

0.4

°8

o

• •

o

L/H

Fig 10 - Scatter diagram showing relationship between L/H

and Cs H in Meiocardia. Dots: Meiocardia hawaiana. N -

17- r = 0.557; regression equation Cs/H - 0.48/l/m +

0.113. Circles: Meiocardia sanguineomaculata. N - -8; r -

0.519; regression equation Cs/H - 0.245L/H + 0—34.

1.0

1.2

1.4

Remarks. This is the largest species in the genus and differs from M. moltkiana in ha g

a gently protruded postero-dorsal margin, weaker commarginal ribs, and a smooth primary iceei

Although Kosuge & Kase (1994) noted that Meiocardia dehcata ddters from M. vugans in

having weaker comarginal sculptures and less globular shells, a gently arched postero- orsa margi

with delicate ornamentations is a characteristic of M. vulgaris.

86

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

" 1 4- Dentition of Meiocardia

1 la-b, Meiocardia globosa sp. nov. -

stoliczkana.

Figs I

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCARDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

87

0.6,-

Cs/H

0.5

0.-1

A O

O o

Cfa o

1.0

1.2

l m

1.6

Fig. 15. — Scatter diagram showing relationship between

L/H and Cs/H in Meiocardia. Dots: Meiocardia samaran-

giae. N = 8; r = 0.701; regression equation Cs/H =

0.00380L/H + 0.347. Circles: Meiocardia vulgaris.

N = 19; r = -0.541; regression equation Cs/H =

-0.000934L./H + 0.514. Triangles: Meiocardia globosa sp.

nov. N = 3.

Meiocardia globosa sp. nov.

Figs 11, 30

Type material. — Holotype: a conjoined specimen, nsmt-Mo69749. Paratypes: 1 conjoined

specimen nsmt-Mo69750, 1 left valve nsmt-Mo69751; usnm 236796, 283380a.

Type locality. — Pescadores, Taiwan, coll, by K. Nakayasu.

Material examined. — Holotype. — “ Albatross ”, stn 5181, E of Gigante Is., Philippines,

47 m, mud and fine sand. — “ Albatross ", stn 5164, SE of Tawitawi Is., Sulu Archipelago, Philippines,

32 m. — Makham Bay, Phuket, Thailand.

Distribution. — Recent: Taiwan, Philippines, Indian Ocean coast of Thailand. This species

lives on muddy sand bottoms in 30 to 50 m.

Description. — Shell rounded, more or less thin, strongly

inequilateral, equivalve with strongly enrolled beaks. Postero-

dorsal margin gently rounded. Outer surface ornamented

with regularly spaced, strong, concentric ribs. Outer colora¬

tion yellowish brown. Primary keel sharp, smooth, without

nodules, separating smooth postero-dorsal area. Postero-

ventral margin with prominent sulcation just in front ol the

pointed primary keel. Inner surface milky white, umbonally

yellowish. Anterior adductor scar semicircular; posterior

adductor scar subcircular; both scars nearly equal in size.

Measurements (mm):

H L/H Cb _ Cs _ Cs/H

2L8 1.14 22.1 - (0.507)*

11 7 1.03 114 - (0.487)

23.7 1.06 - 12-7 0.536

•Numerical in parentheses show Cb/2H, instead of Cs/H.

Remarks. — Meiocardia globosa is closest to M. vulgaris which is sympatric Meiocaidia

globosa has a more rounded, antero-posteriorly shorter shell, with stronger commarginal ribs an a

more prominent keel (Figs 30a-d).

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Meiocardia samarangiae Bernard. Cai & Morton, 1993

Figs 2, 16, 29

Meiocardia samarangiae Bernard, Cai & Morton. 1993; 67.

Synonym:

Isocardia tetragona Adams & Reeve, 1850: 76 pi fie I , ,

, P ’ s' 1 |Jdpan- Preoccupied by /. tetragona Koch & Dunker. 18371.

Other references:

MS && & isn -W* i"" «* 243'245 '»■

1874. “ Supp0sed Syntype: a “"J0™'1 speam® sucked on board, bmnh

Type locality. — Japan.

Pref. (nsmt-Mo59576),NI D R vuk vu' ° Limes'! o n i! " Ka'm i k ' 7^ Moeshima Is” Kagoshima

(nsmt-Mo54638). " ' ’ Kamikatetsu, Kikaijima Is., Kagoshima Pref.

Kan^awa^^ef°^(^SMT-^M!M44),en^SU‘‘s'aRarnia^RWa”^>I7^ 43442). - Hayama.

Kawamura Coll.). - Amadaiba Sagan" Bay (nsLm^T545 Off'' fhV9’ ^

(nsmt-Mo43450). — “Wakayama Pref” a a. * 1-.V \ ,r 7~ 0,f Issh,kl’ Aichi Pref.

Wakayama I^re?^(NSM^Mo43454^n— Wakayama ^*^'I^,0^^^an“dTatsuga^ma"

Fukui Pref. (nsmt-Mo43453 69755) "S’ u ’ •• ^ ’ Kochi I ref. - Kuriya, Echizen-cho,

et •, v 09/00). - Soyo-Maru stn 483 34°44'5()" N nn°47'in" n t u-

- 0 m, sand (nsmt-Mo43440). - ‘'Soyo-Maru” stn 46s’, 34‘>25'40” N P9"47'iS" F

otrait, 112 m. mud sand (nsmt-Mo4244Xi <*cv, u .. „ , ’ ,w'' ^ k, Isushima

Satamisaki, 181 m. 4 ’ 3£13'i0'N- B. off

130-26W E. off Kaimondake. 192 m, Sander Tfrw T V' 3n0’15' N-

- Miyakojiraa Island, Okinawa Pref (nsmt-M™ 1917) “ Chma Sea «™T-Mo43449).

190 m.

D,s™bu™n. - Japan, China. This species hves in mnddy sand in approximately

110 to

a Description. Shell antero-posteriorly elongate subaua

TST^^iT^: oofs?* »oT

correlated with L (r = 0 701 a = 0 05) I H n, t Slgn!pcan, y

correlated with cS/H ,N =’9°, r

Measurements (mm):

bw, prosogyrate. Primary keel running from beak to pointed

face wahTr^ imargm- Secondary keel obscure. Outer sur¬

face with irregular commarginal ribs except on nearly smooth

umbonal area. Hinge teeth thin: I long, parallel^ dorsal

^HH8'?- LPI" Smal!' Inner surlace creamy white Anterior

chrhnthCtr SemiC'rfular; Pos[erior adductor scar subcir¬

cular, both scars nearly equal in size.

Cs

Cs/H

(0.453)*

(0.481)

(0.441)

(0.445)

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

89

nsmt-Mo 69754 (I)

Mo 69754 (2)

nsmt-Mo 69755

nsmt (Tosa)

*Numericals in parentheses show Cb/2H, instead of Cs/H.

Remarks - Isocardia tetragona Adams & Reeve, 1850 is a primary junior homonym of

Isocardia tetragona Koch & Dunker, 1837. Meiocardia samarangiae Bernard. Cat & Morton, 1993 is

a replacement for Adams & Reeve’s name. The scatter diagram of L/H — Cs/H shows that M.

samarangiae clearly differs from any living species of Meiocardia (Figs 8, 10. 15).

Although Bernard et al. (1993) recorded M. samarangiae from the Philippines to Japan, we

think the species is restricted to seas around Japan. Prashad (1932) reported a Meiocardia species

from Sulu Sea and Indonesia under the name M. tetragona. These specimens are an antero-postenorly

elongated form of Meiocardia hawaiana , because they have cardinals (1 and 2a) that are oblique to

the dorsal margin (Fig. 35b). . . r , .

Although Habe (1977) considered Meiocardia hawaiana to be a junior synonym ol M.

tetragona. the Hawaiian species differs from M. tetragona in having thinner, waxy white shells with

oblique cardinals (1 and 2a). . .

The supposed life position of M. samarangiae which is suggested by attached animals,

including bryozoans and sponges with siliceous spicules, is shown in Fig. 16. A specimen Irom Tosa

Bay, Kochi Prefecture, has a muricid borehole at the ventral margin.

Fig. 16. Supposed living position of

Meiocardia samarangiae.

Meiocardia hawaiana Dali. Bartsch & Rehder, 1938

Figs 6, 33-37

Meiocardia hawaiana Dali, Bartsch & Rehder. 1938: 121-122, pi. 34, figs 17-18 [Hawaii].

Synonym'?:

Bucardia ( Meiocardia ) cumingii Adams, 1864: 142.

Ollier references:

Isocardia (Meiocardia) tetragona - Prashad, 1932: 151-152.pl. 5. figs 3-4 (Sulu Archipelago]. ,, ,

Meiocardia tamarckii - Habe, 1951: 1 17 [western Japan]; 1977: 236 [western Japan], Kira. 1959: 131. pi. . — tig. pap 1-

Matsukuma, 1986: 324-325(f.) [Kochi Pref.. western Japan], _ .... . „ m

Meiocardia hawaiana - Weaver, 1963: 2, figs 1-2 [Oahu. Hawaii]. Kay, 1979: 568, figs 184 A-B [Hawaii].

90

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Type material. Meiocardia hawaiana : holotype, a right valve, usnm 173048 (Boss

Rosewater & Ruhoff, 1968). Paratypes, usnm 338242, 338243, 346246, 428546.

Type locality. — “ Albatross ”, stn 4133, near Kauai, Hawaii, 74-562 m.

Hawaii. 21°02.TN, 156°47.25'W, off Oahu, 220

m, a

Material examined. — Recent:

conjoined specimen (usnm 807654).

Japan. Off Isshiki, Aichi Pref. (nsmt-Mo43438). — Kumanonada Sea (yc). — Off Wakayama (ic)

— Kochi Pref. (nsmt-Mo63224, Kawamura Coll.). - Tosa Bay off Kochi Pref. (nsmt-Mo43439!

tvawamura Coll.). Off Amitori, Iriomote Is., Okinawa Pref. (nsmt-Mo69757, 69758).

ol|,l’!PPI?rec- Albatross" stn 5173’ off Jol°’ Jol° Is- 335 m, shelly coarse sand (usnm 236529). — Stn

^-12, off Sibugay Is., east of Masbate, 194 m, gray sand and mud (usnm 292687) - Stn 5268 off

Matocot Point, west of Luzon, 306 m (usnm 295937)

— OM 1: stn 19> 13°56'N, 120° 19' E, north of Lubang Is., 167-187 m, a conjoined specimen

nUn^TpM 2: r',7’ l4°00T'N> 1 2°° 1 7' E, north of Lubang Is., 174-193 m. — Stn 19, 14°0TN

20 17 E, north of Lubang Is., 189-192 m. - Stn DR 33, 13°32' N, 12P07' E, north of Mindoro Is

uu-lj/ m, a conjoined specimen and many empty shells, (all mnhn)

™™3;-CP f’ 1f4:01'N’ 1207J E. north of Lubang Is'., 183-187 m. - Stn CP 98,

400 N’ i2° I8 E’ north of Lubang Is., 194-205 m. — Stn DR 102, 14°0T N, 120°18' E, north of

12? II'WN9 W Ftn Cf ^ 14"0'' N' ;20°18' E’ north of Lubang Is., 188-195 m. — Stn DR

P6’. f..N> 121 22 E, west of Panay Is., 266 m. — Stn CP 131, 11°37'N, 121°43' E, west of Panay

Is., 120-1_2 m. Stn CP 143, 1 1°29' N, 124°1 T E, northwest of Leyte Is., 205-214 m, a conjoined

specimen and several empty shells, (all mnhn). J

Siboga stn 95, Sulu Archipelago, 2 conjoined specimens (zma). — Stn 105, Sulu Archipelago

3 conjoined specimens (zma). h 6 ’

Indonesia. 6°0 T S, 133°57’ E, 12.8 km southwest of Tg Ratoe, Matkoor, Aru, Moluccas 45 m a

tITkJ rn (UT 755534!i - 5:32' S- 1 «* of Mitduau reef, west coast of Nu’hu

ljut, Rat s., 54-56 m, 1 conjoined specimen (usnm 747158). - "Siboga"'. stn 66, south of Salavar

Sulawesi, 1 conjoined specimen (zma). ydr’

Chesterfield Islands, chalcal 1: stn D 63, Banc Nova, 22°11'S, I59°15'E, 305 m (mnhn).

musorstom 5: stn 270, 24°49' S, 159°34' E, Banc Capel, 223 m. — Stn 277, 24° 1 V S 159°35' E Banc

Ke'so 270 m - Stn 285 24-09' S, 1 59^34' E. Banc Kelso, 245-255 m. - Stn 309 22« 0 S 59'>23 E

StJ S’ 1c58"47' E- 320 m- - Stn 350’ l9°34' S’ 158"33' H 280 m!

ToS4V5Joilot15&)80 m- - S,n 378- I9”54' s- I58°38' E- 355 m- - s“ 388’ 2°”«' s.

2rir s- i67°i2'E- 390 -

“o-M5 “S?1' S' 166°21' E' 330 m- - St” DW 253' 21°32' s' 166°29' E' ~

CHALCAL 2: stn DW 71, 24°42' S, 168°10' E, 230 m, 1 conjoined specimen (mnhn).

smIr 4 Stfn D^24:42;,S’ I68°08, E’ 265 m’ 1 conJ°ined specimen (mnhn).

smib 4. stn DW 44, S New Caledonia, 24°46' S, 168°08' E, 270-300 m. — Stn DW 47 S New

Caledonia, 24 46 S, 168°08' E, 250-280 m (all mnhn)

musorstom 6: stn DW 391, 20"47' S. 167°06' E, 390 m. - Stn DW 406 20°41' S

20°42' S 167W ET343n ”^nh) '' ^ * 36° m’ 1 C°nj°ined ~ Stn DW ^

DW RMe dS LOyaU“' 350 m’ 2 ^toens. - Stn

i v* U’. A 168 42 E- Rlde des Loyaute, 340 m. — Stn DW 97, 23°0T S I68°18' E 300 m

1 conjomed specimen. - Stn DW 98, 23°02’ S, 168=16’ E, 335 m. (all mnhn) '

dw n "4) srCi7r4,T:7i„n E? 7- F2T s' ‘a7'044' E’ Ridc des Loyamd' 325-40» - St”

w i / , zz zj n, i / 1 41 b, 260-300 m, 1 conjoined specimen, 6 rv, 6 Iv. — Stn DW 38, 22°22' S.

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCARDIA AND GLOSSOCARD1A

91

, 68°44' E 380-420 m. - Stn DW 42, 22° 17' S, 168*42' E, 340-400 m. (all mnhn).

Reunion md32 Reunion: stn CP 129, 20*51' S, 55*36' E, 290-300 m (mnhn).

Distribution. — Hawaii, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Coral Sea, New Caledonia; Indian

Ocean side of Thailand, Reunion. This species lives on sand and mud bottoms in 45 to -20 m, and

empty shells are occasionally recorded from 500 m or deeper.

Description. - Shell small to medium for genus thim

subquadrate, glossy white. Mean of. L/H 1.279 (N 17, SD

= 0.038). not significantly correlated with L (r 0342 a

0.05). Mean of Cs/H .0.480 (N = 17, SD = 0 019) not

significantly correlated with L (r -0311, a _ 0.05). L/H

significantly correlated with Cs/H (N - 17, r 0.557, a

0 05) ( Fic 10) Outer surface around keel and postero-dorsal

area occasionally yellowish or reddish brown. Sharp, angular,

primary keel separating very smooth postero-dorsa area

from antero-ventral area with irregular commarginal ribs.

Anterior cardinal (1) oblique to dorsal margin; 2a dorsally

deeply concave, oblique to dorsal margin. Inner surface

creamy white, occassionally posteriorly pale brown, shining.

Anterior adductor scar semicircular; posterior adductor scar

subcircular; both scars nearly equal in size.

Measurements. See Appendix, Table 4.

Rfmarks — Adams (1864) described Bucardia (. Meiocardia ) cumingii on the basis of material

from CWna“ 1, hough the species was said to have a waxy white shell, he only gave a bnef descnphon

without anv measurements The type material was not found in bmnh during a visit by one of us (, )

" %9 ZS of ado pting a'doubtful and obscure name for this species, we prefer to use

Meiocardia hawaiana.

Family Trapezidae Lamy, 1920

Diagnosis — Shell trapezoidal, strongly inequilateral, equivalve, with prosogyrous beaks near

anteriofend Wntral margin" not gaping, smooth. Ligament external, ^J?***™^

Hinge with two lamellar cardinals and two laterals. Outer surface : ornamen ed w^^

radial sculpture. Dimyarian, with subequal adductor muscles. Foot small, grooved, often byssc .

Pallial line simple, without sinus.

Genus Glossocardia Stoliczka, 1870

Type species: Cypricardia obesa Reeve, 1843.

Diagnosis. - Shell subquadrate, thin in young, thick and solid in ^^^^'^t^osteriSr

Beaks not prominent. Larval ligament anterior to beaks^ Primary keel grating P but

slope, sharp. Two additional keels on posterior slope, the secondary and ^ tertiary _ , ‘orner

distinct; secondary keel, the weakest of the three, running from the ea o p , ’

separating postero-dorsal margin. The stronger, tertiary keel located on the posterior slop

primary keel. Outer surface nearly smooth except for weak, irregular commarginal ribs and ad.al

rows of microscopic scales. Hinge cyprinoid; teeth parallel to hinge margins an e ,, ,

right valve (1) lamellate in juvenile, nodulous in adult; posterior lateral m left valve (lpii) small, fn y

nodulated.

Remarks. - Only three living species, Glossocardia agassizii, G. obesajnd

belong to this genus. The Eocene Meiocardia carolinae Harris, 1919a, has a mo c P , •

tertiary keel on the posterior slope near the primary keel (Harris, 1 191 9b) and is safely placed n tins

genus. Meiocardia suzukii Squires & Advocate, 1986, from the Eocene anio Although M.

California, has shells that are not as inflated and lack strongly spirogyra e um • .

suzukii apparently lacks the tertiary keel on the posterior slope, it possib y e ongs

92

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Glossocardia obesa (Reeve, 1843)

Figs 18-19

Cypricardia obesa Reeve. 1843: Cvpricardia sp. 10: pi. 2, fig. 10 [locality unknown].

Other references:

Glossocardia obesa - Hare, 1951: 118-119, figs 247-248 [Okinawa. Japan],

Trapezium ( Glossocardia ) obesa (pars) - Solem, 1955: 73-74, pi. 6. figs I 1-12 (holotype).

Type material. - Holotype, a conjoined specimen, b.mnh 1952. 1 0. 1 0.7.8.

Type locality. — Not given.

■ .... , ,MateR'al examined. - Recent: Indonesia. Silale, Ambon (nsmt-Mo69759)

Ph.hpp.nes^ Batangas Is.. N of Cebu, coll. Poppe, 1 conjoined specimen (mnhn).

E- 55 m- 1 co"joi"ed ^ - st"

New Caledonia, lagon: stn 612, 22''09’ S. 167°0I'E. 46-48 m. I rv (mnhn).

Chesterfiel™™' " ReCe"t: °ki”aWa' Japan: Philipp,r,es; Indonesia; New Caledonia;

Description. Shell trapezoidal, thin in juveniles but

thick and solid in full-grown specimens. Beaks prosogyrous.

'ow- no* strongly enrolled. Larval ligament small, anterior to

beaks I rimary keel low, separating slightly concave postero-

aorsal area. Outer surface ornamented' with irregularly

spaced commarginal lamellae with numerous microscopic

scales. Postero- ventral corner bluntly pointed. Inner surface

creamy white. Anterior adductor scar semicircular, thickened

ventrally; posterior adductor scar subcircular: both scars

nearly equal in size.

Measurements (mm):

nsmt-Mo69759-1

M 069759-2 _

*Numericals in parentheses

V L H

rv + Iv 31.5 20.5

rv 61.6 43.3

show Cb/2H, instead of Cs/H,

L.H

1.53

1.42

Remarks. \ oung specimens of Glossocardia obesa are apparently very close to Meiocardia

species m having a more or less translucent shell with the larval ligament anterio to Ae bSto a^d

the^outer Sc^ Cardma'S’ bUt ^ cteari* differ in havin^S^

Glossocardia stoliczkana (Prashad. 1932)

Figs 17, 20, 39

m,lakam 1931 «>■ s. figs 15-18 [Sulu Archipelago, Philippine*

Type material. — Holotype, a conjoined specimen, ZMA no registration number.

564 m TVPE LOCAL,ty- - 'Sihoga", stn 97, 5"48.7'N, 119"49.6'E, Sulu Archipelago. Philippines,

Recent^hmMtaefsidir?’ w C" (?): Niuc' a Gonj°ined specimen, G. Paulay coll, (usnm)

(NSMT M?57S6 n P 8° (h0l°type- “*>• M«an Island. Cebu, a conjoined specimen

Source MNHN. Paris

REVISION OF ME IOC A RDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

93

Figs 17-20. Shells of Glossocardia. 17a-c. Glossocardia sioliczkana. 1 sheli^'enetli1' 7 1°^ !m" 19a-b!

length 19.8 mm. 18a-d, Glossocardia obesa. Ambon Indonesia (wm-MoWM). She! I'engtn icz m

Glossocardia obesa. Ambon. Indonesia (nsmt-Mo69759) Shell length 61.6 mm. 20a b. Gtossocaraia

Loyalty Ridge, New Caledonia (mnhn). Shell length 19.3 mm.

MUSORSTOM 2: stn DR 33, I3"32' N, 121°08' E, north of Mindoro ^ 130-137 m 1 rv (mnhn).

musorstom 3: stn DR 137. 12°03' N, 122°06' E, north of Panay Is., 56 m, 1 lv (mnhn).

Loyalty Islands, musorstom 6: stn DW 391, 20°47 S, 167 06 E, 390 m, 1 rv - SJn ™ ^

20'’47' S, 1 67-06' E, 370 m. 1 rv. Stn DW 418. 20°42' S. 167*03'. E a 283 m, 1 rv - Stn DW 439,

20"46' S. 167° 17' E, 288 m, 1 rv. — Stn DW 440, 20"49 S, 167 17 E, -88 m, 1 lv. (c

Distribution. - Pleistocene: Niue. Recent: Cebu, Mindoro, Panay, Sulu Archipelago,

Philippines; New Caledonia. This species is known from 56 to 564 m.

Description. Shell small, thin, inflated, high, quadran¬

gular. strongly inequilateral, equivalve. Mean of L FI 1.399

(N = 8, SD = 0.132). not significantly correlated with L

(r = -0.486. a = 0.05). Cs/H significantly correlated with L

(r = 0.885, a = 0.05) (Fig. 21). L/H not significantly

correlated with Cs/H (N = 8, r = -0.660, a - 0.05).

Umbones prosogyrous, low, not prominent, translucent.

Outer surface white, ornamented with weak commarginal

ribs and radial rows of fine scales: posterior area orange,

smooth, with two narrow radial riblets (Fig. 39b, s and t) and

fine growth striae, concave, separated from middle area by a

harp keel. Postero-ventral margin pointed without a sinua-

lon like M. sanguineomaculala. Inner color white, oran^

iosteriorly. Hinge- teeth thin; 1 thin and lamellar in young

pecimens^ and solid, and rounded-lamellar in older speci¬

mens 3a long. thin; 3b weakly bifid; la, small; la,., small

iut distinct; i an long, strong; lphi small, long and narrow 2a

mall, thin; 2b rather long, thin; 4b long and narrow. _th n;

aii very small, indistinct; semicircular, thickened ventrally.

iosterior adductor scar subcircular or ovale. Pallial scar

■ntire. wide, integripalliate.

94

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

0.6

0.5

Cs/H

FlG' ? Scatter diagram showing relationship between L

and Cs/H in Glossocardia. Dots: Glossocardia stoliczkana.

N - 8: r = 0.885; regression equation Cs/H = 0.0103L

+ 0.258. Circles: Glossocardia agassizii. N = 14; r =

0.676; regression equation Cs/H = 0.00470L + 0.345.

0.4

o

* o

o

o °

L (mm)

10 20

Measurements (mm):

30

39,. S,nRDW 39S

stnae- Addit,onal spec'imms are -eeded

vou„s SK? T 'iCZkrana suPerficially resembles the tropical western Atlantic G. agassizii and

young shells of G. obesa from the tropical West Pacific. These three species have radial rows of

microscopic scales on the outer surface and a larval ligament at the anterior margin of beaks

um boT ‘"d Shorter Tntero domal ^ a^assizii. haVing the higher and more slronS'y enrolled

postero-dorsa of? 3 poster°-dorsaI Commarginal striae in the

postero dorsal area of G. agassizii are finer and more regularly spaced than those of G stnlir-kmm

Glossocardia stoliczkana clearly differs from G. obesa in having a distinct tertiary ^ee! and fine

7e la,e °n thC postenor sI°Pe- The cardinal (1) in the right valve of G stoliczkana in

young and adult specimens, is lamellar and parallel to ventral margin whereas the cardinal 7 h

of G. obesa ,s thin and lamellar in young shells, and is strong and triangXr !n adults 0>

them .^!OSSOCardl“ St<>^zkana is very similar to M. hawaiana and M. samara, u-iae but differs from

them in having a higher, thinner, shell with lower umbones, radial rows of microscopic scales^ «n t e

outer surface, and a distinct tertiary keel on the yellow posterior slope (F™ 21) P

Source . MNHN. Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCARD1A AND GLOSSOCARDIA

95

Glossocardia agassizii (Dali, 1886)

Fig. 38

Meiocardia agassizii Dali, 1886: 271 [Trinidad].

Other refe ^ [Trinidad] . — Abbott, 1974: 5847, fig. 5848 (- Dall, 1889: pi. 40,

£T[wtt Fafonda the CaribbelS Bemuda]. - NaIlchi, 1976: 205-210. figs 1-3 [Rio Doce. Espirito Santo, Braz.1], - Rtos.

I985 259. pi. 91, fig- 1286 (= Dall, 1889: pi. 40. fig. 7) [Espirito Santo, Brazil],

Type material. — Depository unknown.

Type locality. Off Trinidad.

Material examined. — Recent: Bermuda. “Bermuda” (mcz 152851); 1.2 km S of Castle

Rock, 144-180 m (MCZ 161960).

Tnha 22°09'30" N 81°11'W, Bahia de Cochinos, 315-405 m (mcz 16504).

British Guiana. 08°10.5' N-08°10.0' N, 57°48' W, 153.6 km N of Georgetown, 96-106 m (mcz 27.570).

Distribution. Bermuda; Cuba; Trinidad; British Guinea; Brazil (19°35' S i, 39"20' W, off the

mouth of the Rio Doce, Espirito State, 73 m, mud, January 1972, coll, by R.S. Wladmir Besnard ,

Oceanographic Institute of the University of Sao Paulo) (Narchi pers. comm.). This species is known

from muddy bottoms in 73 to 405 m.

Description. — Shell cordiform, thin, inflated, strongly

inequilateral, equivalve, with prosogyrous beaks. Mean oi

L H 1 377 (N = 14, SD = 0.045), not significantly correlated

with L (r = -0.146, a = 0.05). Cs/H significantly correlated

with L (r = 0.676, a = 0.05) (Fig. 21). L/H not significantly

correlated with Cs/H (N = 14, r = -0.000, a = 0.05). Larval

ligament anterior to beak. Outer surface ornamented with

weak commarginal lamellae and microscopic scales. Primary

keel sharp, separating slightly concave postero-dorsal area

which has an obscure secondary keel and a narrow but

conspicuous tertiary keel. Postero-dorsal area with regularly

spaced commarginal lamellae. Inner surface glossy white.

Anterior adductor scar semicircular; posterior adductor scar

ovate; both scars nearly equal in size.

Measurements (mm):

mcz 16504

mcz 152851

mcz 161960

MCZ 273570-1

273570-2

273570-3

273570-4

273570-5

273570-6

273570-7

273570-8

273570-9

273570-10

273570-11

273570-12

*Numericals in parentheses show Cb/2H. instead of Cs/H.

Cb

7.3

Cs

4.5

7.7

9.6

7.6

5.7

4.8

7.3

6.0

5.8

5.4

5.7

4.8

4.6

Cs/H

0.450

(0.392)*

0.435

0.508

0.455

0.435

0.397

0.432

0.426

0.436

0.415

0.432

0.421

0.430

Source . MNHN, Paris

96

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Remarks. Dall (1886. 1889) described this species as a member of the genus Meiocardia,

and American authors have apparently followed this assignment (Abbott, 1974; Narchi, 1976; Rios.'

1985). It has a thin, inflated, cordiform shell, with a sharp primary keel, a prominent tertiary keel,

and a larval ligament anterior to the beaks. The hinge teeth of this species are also superficially close

to Meiocardia species of the Indo-West Pacific. The outer surface of Dali’s species is ornamented with

weak commarginal lamellae and numerous microscopic scales, which is similar to the ornament on

Glossocardia obesa of the Trapezidae but which is never found on shells of Meiocardia. This should

be therefore transfered from the genus Meiocardia, Glossidae. to the genus Glossocardia, Trapezidae.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the following persons and institutions for allowing us access to the material stored

in their collections: Professor Walter Narchi. Universidade de Sao Paulo. Brazil; Dr Gustav Paulay,

formerly at University of Niue; Dr Henry E. Coomans and Mr Robert Moolenbeek. Zoologisch

Museum, Amsterdam; Dr Philippe Bouchet and B. Metivier, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle,

Paris; Dr Bertrand Richer de Forges, orstom, Noumea. Dr Solene Morris, formerly of The Natural

History Museum, London; Professor Kenneth Boss, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard

University; the late Dr Richard Houbrick, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian

Institute; Dr George Davis. Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia; Dr James McLean and the

late Mr Clifton Coney. Los Angeles County Museum; Dr Paul Scott, Santa Barbara Museum of

Natural History.

Dr Eugene Coan, San Francisco, and B. Metivier kindly read our draft and gave us fruitful

comments and suggestions for improving this paper.

Some specimens stored in National Science Museum, Tokyo, were collected by members of the

overseas research project ••Diversity of marine organisms from Indonesian shallow waters”

financially supported by Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, Japanese Government (project

no. 04041103). This paper constitutes Contribution no. VII of Studies on the Kawamura Collection

(Mollusca) stored in the National Science Museum, Tokyo.

Figs 22-29. 22 a-b. Meiocardia sanguineomaculata. REVES 2: stn 10. Seychelles (mnhn). Shell length 1 1.9 mm. - a. left side

view. b. postero-dorsal view. 23 a-f. Meiocardia sanguineomaculata. reves 2: stn 30, Seychelles (mnhn). Shell length

15.0 mm. a anterior view. — b, posterodordal view. c, left side view. d. inside view of right valve. e. right

w i/’ rnS,‘de V‘?W of ’5rt val»e T 24' Meiocardia moltkiana. Pleistocene Ryukyu Limestone. Kikaijima Is.,

Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan (nsmt-Mo69745). Shell length 33.4 mm. 25, Meiocardia moltkiana. Chichi jima

Ogasawara Islands. Japan (nsmt-Mo59790). Shell length 28.2 mm. - 26 a-d. Meiocardia moltkiana . China (zma). Shell

length 33 4 nun. a. inside view of right valve. b. left side view. - c. anterior view. d. postero-dorsal view -

27 a-b Meiocardia moltkiana MD 32: stn CP 43. Reunion (mnhn). Shell length 25.3 mm. a. right side view

Ll,?,hd™TW ° tHe n8h* va|ve. 28 a-b. Meiocardia moltkiana. smib 5: stn DW 81, New Caledonia (mnhn). Shell

H?,, w V d Vgh Sld.e v'evv' b- ms,de Vlew °r the right valve. 29 a-e. Meiocardia samarangiae. Tanabe

Bay, Wakayama Prefecture. Japan (nsmt-Mo69752). Shell length 29.7 mm. a. left side view I, right side

view. c. inside view of the right valve. d. anterior view. — e, postero-dorsal view.

Source : MNHN , Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND GLOSSOCA RD1A

97

Source : MNHN, Paris

98

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

F,°S t ,‘4 - '“o'yP" “7-M069749,. Shell length 24.8

valve. f. inside view of the right valve 11 ah uliZ i d'- f>*?1 ,Slde vlew‘ "" e- lnside VICW of the left

29 mm. - a. anterior view - b left side view 17 Menard, a vulgar, s. Philippines (Habe Coll.). Shell length appr.

Coll.). Shell length 46.1 mm - a left tide view f’ h' *!°c“rd,a.vul8a™ Philippines (nsmt-Mo69747, Kawamura

d, postero-dorsaf view. 'el'righ, s^de^view^f, inside view' oftlnf leffvalve. - «■ -

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCARDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

99

Source : MNHN, Paris

100

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Figs 33-39. 33. Meiocardia hawaiana. " Siboga stn 105. Sulu Archipelago (zma). Shell lcnalh 17.1 mm

34 a-b. Meiocardia hawaiana. smib 5: stn DW 90. New Caledonia (mnhn). Shell length 17.1 mm. a. right side

view. b. inside view ol the right valve. 35 a-e. Meiocardia hawaiana. "Siboga”'. stn 105. Sulu Archipelago (zma).

Shell length 27.2 mm. a. left side view. b. inside view of the right valve, c. postero-dorsal view.

36 a-e. Meiocardia hawaiana. Oahu. Hawaii (usnm 807654). Shell length 14.4 mm. a. left side view. b. inside view

of the left valve. c. inside view of the right valve. d. dorsal view. e. postero-dorsal view. 37 a-b. Meiocardia

hawaiana. Kochi Prefecture. Japan (nsmt-Mo43439-1 ). Shell length 16.9 mm. a. left side view. b. inside view of

the right valve. - 38 a-b. GlossoCardia agassizii. Castle Rock. Bermuda (mcz 161960). Shell leneth 23.6 mm. a, rieht

side vew. p: Primary keel, t: Tertiary keel. b. inside view of the right valve. 39 a-f. Glossocardia sloliczkana. Cebu.

Philippines (nsmt-Mo57861 ). Shell length 24.7 mm. p: Primary keel, s: Secondary keel, t: Tertiary keel. a. anterior

view. Arrows indicate larval ligaments. b. postero-dorsal view. - c. left side view'. d. inside view of the left

valve. - e. right side view. — f, inside view of the right valve.

Source : MNHN , Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

101

Source

102

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

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104

A. MATSUKUMA & T. HABE

Appendix: Tables of measurements.

Table 1. Meiocardia moltkiana. Measurements (mm) of selected material.

Source : MNHN, Paris

REVISION OF MEIOCA RDIA AND GLOSSOCARDIA

105

V L

*Numericals in parentheses show Cb/2H, instead of Cs/H.

Table 2 — Meiocardia sanguineomaeulata. Measurements (mm) of selected material.

Source

106

A. MATSUKL’MA & T. HABE

*Numericals in parentheses show Cb/2H, instead of Cs H.

Table 3. Meiocardia vulgaris. Measurements (mm) of selected material.

*NumericaIs in parentheses show Cb/2H, instead of Cs H.

Table 4. — Meiocardia hawaiana. Measurements (mm) of selected material.

*Numericals in parentheses show Cb/2H, instead of Cs H.

Source

ILTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 14 RESULTATS DES CAMPAGNES MUSORSTOM. VOLUME 14 RESUl

3

Carnivorous bivalve molluscs (Anomalodesmata)

from the tropical western Pacific Ocean,

with a proposed classification

and a catalogue of Recent species

Jean- Maurice POUTIERS

Museum National d'Histoire Naturelie

55 rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris

France

&

Frank Reinhold BERNARD f

Department of Fisheries & Oceans

Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C.

Canada V9R 5K6

CONTENTS

Abstract . 108

Introduction . 108

Species accounts . 110

Classification . 138

General remarks . 138

Synopsis of classification . 139

Diagnoses of supraspecific taxa . 141

Catalogue of recent species .

Appendix 1: Station data . 169

Appendix 2: Translation of Scarlato & Starobogatov 1983 . '

References . ' 7 6

rciuiieio. j.-ivi. i.in.. ^ - . . “ . . . . . - i - - ----- n

classification and a catalogue of Recent species. In: P. Bouchet (ed ), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 14. Mem. Mm. nam. His!, nal.. 167: 107-18/. Paris

isb\ 2-85653-217-9.

Published 29th December 1995.

Source : MNHN, Paris

108

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

ABSTRACT

This paper deals with 37 species of carnivorous anomalodesmatan bivalves usually assigned to the septibranchs,

originating from the Philippines. Indonesia and New Caledonia. Eight species are described as new: Cetoeoncha boucheti , C.

exigua, Cuspidaria morrisae, C. (Soyomya) claihraia , Halicardia houbricki, Haliris leporis, Myonera rostra and Policordia

olivacea. New names are also provided here for two species with preoccupied names: Policordia ivanovae , for P. japonica

Ivanova, 1977, and Myonera alleni for Cuspidaria (Myonera) atlantica Allen & Morgan, 1981. A new classification of the

carnivorous Anomalodesmata, based on F. R. Bernard's latest works, is proposed together with diagnoses of the supraspecific

taxa and a catalogue of the living known species.

RESUME

MoIIusques Bivalves carnivores (Anomalodesmata) des regions tropieales du Pacifique occidental, avec une nouvelle

classification et un catalogue des especes actuelles.

Cet article decrit 37 especes de bivalves carnivores Anomalodesmata traditionnellement qualifies de septibranches

provenant des lies Philippines, d'lndonesieet de Nouvelle-Caledonie. Huit especes sont nouvelles pour la science : Cetoconclia

boucheti, C. exigua, Cuspidaria morrisae , C. ( Soyomya ) clathrata, Halicardia houbricki, Haliris teporis, Myonera rostra et

Policordia olivacea. De nouveaux noms ont aussi ete attribues a deux especes aux noms preoccupes: Policordia ivanovae, pour

P. japonica Ivanova, 1977, et Myonera alleni pour Cuspidaria (Myonera) atlantica Allen & Morgan, 1981. Une nouvelle

classification des Anomalodesmata carnivores, fondee sur les derniers travaux de F. R. Bernard, est presentee ainsi que des

diagnoses des differents taxa supraspecifiques et un catalogue des especes vivantes acluellement connues.

INTRODUCTION

FOREWORD

The present paper is based on a manuscript of the second author, the late Dr Frank R.

Bernard. At the end of 1988, Dr P. Bouchet showed me a first draft of a manuscript on West Pacific

septibranch bivalves for which Dr Bernard wanted to have my comments before its completion,

because I knew of the material he dealt with, having had the opportunity to study it partly and to

publish a few papers about it. I quickly gave him an answer, but Dr Bernard could not work further

on this paper and died shortly after, 29 March 1989. Later, the material on loan to him was returned

to Paris, through the courtesy of Drs Glen S. Jamieson of the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo,

and James A. Cosgrove of the Royal British Columbia Museum, Victoria, British Columbia

(Canada). I was then asked by P. Bouchet to revise Bernard's draft for publication.

As it was already apparent to me in 1988, the manuscript was far from complete and could

not be published without substantial revision. But it seemed worthwhile to do it, especially because

of its classification of carnivorous Anomalodesmata, which can be considered as the outcome of Dr

Bernard's ideas on the systematics of the septibranch group (for a review of F. R. Bernard's

contributions, see Matsukuma, 1989).

Although I have greatly amended and completed the original manuscript, or even written

many points in it, I tried to respect F. R. Bernard's personal opinions. However, in a few instances,

when I could not agree with his interpretation of the material reported in this paper, I have decided

against it. One of the new species described here (Policordia olivacea) is in this case.

J.-M. Poutiers

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The bivalve mollusc material reviewed in this paper, kindly provided by Dr P. Bouchet,

comprises carnivorous anomalodesmatan species usually assigned to the septibranchs. It originates

from several French expeditions organized in recent years in the Pacific Ocean, and comprises:

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

109

Material collected during two expeditions by mnhn and orstom to the central Philippines under

the direction of Prof. J. Forest (mnhn): musorstom 1 in 1976 aboard N.O. “Vauban" (Forest, 1981),

and musorstom 2 in 1980 aboard N.O. “ Coriolis " (Forest, 1986).

Material collected during the corindon 2 cruise organized in 1980 by orstom to the Straits of

Makassar between Borneo and Sulawesi (Indonesia) aboard N.O. “ Coriolis ”, with J. Forest

responsible for biological data.

Material collected by P. Bouchet and A. Waren off southern New Caledonia in 1978-79, aboard

N.O. " Vauban " (Richer de Forges, 1990).

Most of the finer residues from these expeditions was sorted by the Centre National de Tri

d’Oceanographie Biologique (centob, ifremer, Brest).

Unless otherwise stated, all material including holotypes is deposited in mnhn. Parts of the

material collected in New Caledonia and in the Philippines during musorstom 1 expedition have been

already investigated (Morton, 1987: Poutiers, 1981, 1982a, b, 1985).

A species from the USNM collections, dredged in 1909 by the '' Albatross ” during its

Philippines expedition (Bowers, 1910), has been added through the courtesy of the late Dr R. S.

Houbrick.

The material comprises 37 species taken at 69 stations at depths from 70 to 1628 m. A list of

stations, with main geographical and bathymetrical data and collected species, is presented in

Appendix 1. Illustrations, bathymetric and geographic distributional data and a brief systematic

description are given for each species taken. The known synonyms are listed, but no attempt has been

made to cite all subsequent usages.

The descriptive section of this paper is followed by a brief summary of the classification,

reflecting mainly F.R. Bernard’s personal opinion. This synopsis has been improved and updated

with as few modifications as possible, notably through the insertion of genus-group taxa introduced

in 1983 by Scarlato & Starobogatov. Short diagnoses are provided for the supraspecific Recent

taxa, with a listing of all the species belonging in each genus (or subgenus). A general list of the

binomina has also been included at the end of this section. The authors have attempted to make this

catalogue as comprehensive as possible, but it is likely to be incomplete. A free translation of the key

paper by Scarlato & Starobogatov (1983) referred above is provided in Appendix 2.

Since 1984. when the material reported in this paper was sent to F. R. Bernard for study, a number

of additional deep-sea expeditions have been led by the Paris Museum and orstom in the Philippines

(musorstom 3, 1985), in Indonesia (karubar, 1991), and mainly in the New Caledonian economic

zone (for a review of cruises in this area, see Richer de Forges, 1990, 1993). They have resulted in

many samples of carnivorous anomalodesmatan Bivalves which will form the subject of forthcoming

papers in which the first author will provide more personal views on septibranch classification.

ABBREVIATIONS AND TEXT CONVENTIONS

Repositories

AMS

MNHN

NMNZ

NSMT

USNM

: Australian Museum, Sydney

: Museum national d’Histoire naturelle. Paris

: Museum of New Zealand. Wellington

: National Science Museum, Tokyo

: National Museum of Natural History, Washington, dc

Other abbreviations

v

OD

db

spm(s)

paired valves, dead collected

live-taken specimen(s)

valve(s)

original designation.

110

JEAN-MAUR1CE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

SPECIES ACCOUNTS

Family Verticordiidae

Spinosipella costeminens (Poutiers, 1981)

Figs 1-2

Verticordia (Spinosipella) costeminens Poutiers, 1981: 351, pi. 4, figs 1-4, text-lig.5.

Material examined. — Philippines. musorstom 1: stn 49, 13°49'N, 120°00.5' E, 750-925 m,

3 spms (holotype and paratypes).

musorstom 2: stn 55, 13°53.4' N, 19°57.8' E, 865-866 m, 3 spms, 3 db, 5 v.

Distribution. — Only known from the Central Philippines, in 750-925 m.

Description. — Shell inflated, rather large for the genus,

subquadrate, with spirally twisted umbones. With 16-17 thin,

produced, blade-like radial ribs, one of which is much more

prominent than the others and runs from umbo to the

posteroventral angle of shell. Exterior surface covered with

radial row's of small spines. Internal ligament short, arcuate.

reinforced by a large Iithodesma. Right valve with a strong,

conical, posteriorly recurved cardinal tooth. Left valve with a

small corresponding denticle. Interior pearly white, with the

external ribbing showing through. Margins deeply indented.

Length: 23.5 mm.

Remarks. — This elegant large species is distinguished by the blade-like shape of its radial ribs and

the prominent umbono-posterior keel.

Spinosipella deshuyesiana (P. Fischer, 1862)

Figs 7-9

Verticordia deshuyesiana P. Fischer, 1862: 35, pi. 5, figs 10-11 (Published 7 January 1862).

Synonym:

Verticordia japonica A. Adams, 1862: 224 (Published in March 1862).

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 33, 13°32' N, 121°07.5' E, 130-137 m.

3 v. — Stn 51, 13°59.8' N, 120°17' E, 170-187 m, 1 v.

New Caledonia. “Vauban”\9T&-19\ stn 2, 22°17' S, 167° 14' E, 425-430 m, 2 v. — Stn 4, 22°17'S,

167° 13' E, 400 m. 3 v. — Stn 15, 22°49' S, 167° 12' E, 390-395 m, 3 v. — Stn 16, 22°46' S, 167° 12' E,

390-400 m, 2 v. — Stn 42, 22°08' S, 167°04' E, 230-260 m, 2 v.

Distribution. — Indo-Pacific, East Africa, Indonesia, Thailand, South and East China Sea,

Honshu, Japan to Hawaii and New Caledonia, in 40-693 m (Higo & Goto, 1993).

Description. — Shell solid, globose, rounded to ovate.

Umbones prominent, spirally twisted, overhanging a small,

deeply impressed lunule. Radial ribs strong and sharp,

covered on crests with small prickly granules; interspaces

with numerous, closely set, fine pustules more or less radially

aligned. Internal ligament reinforced by a strong Iithodesma.

Hinge of right valve with a large, conical, cardinal tooth. Left

valve with a smaller corresponding denticle. Interior na¬

creous. Inner margins deeply crenulated. Length: 16.1 mm.

Remarks. — The shell of this species is somewhat variable in rib number and general shape,

larger specimens tending to be proportionately higher. Its relationships to the Atlantic S. acuticostata

(Philippi, 1844) and the Indo-Pacific S. ericia (Hedley, 1911) have not yet been clearly elucidated. The

latter is said to have a wide distribution (Crozier, 1966) and to be smaller, rounder, with less

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

111

Figs 1-10. — Verticordiidae — 1-2, Spinosipella costeminens , musorstom 2: stn 55, L = 19.2 mm, exterior of left valve (1),

interior of right valve (2). — 3-6, Halicardia Iwubricki sp. nov., “Albatross"', stn 5582, holotype, L = 34.6 mm, interior

of left valve (3), exterior of right valve (4), exterior of left valve (5), interior of right valve (6). 7-9, Spinosipella

deshayesiana: 7-8. "Vauban" 1978-79: stn 42. L = 9.1 mm. exterior of left valve (7), L = 11.2 mm, interior of right

valve (8); 9. "Vauban" 1978-79: stn 4, L = 16.1 mm, exterior of right valve (9). 10, Haliris multicostata, musorstom

2: stn 33, L = 6.9 mm, exterior of right valve.

Source : MNHN, Paris

112

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

prominent umbones. However, these features seem rather mutable and may prove to fall within the

range of individual or ontogenetic variations.

Haliris multicost at a (A. Adams, 1862)

Fig. 10

Verlicordia multicostata A. Adams. 1862: 224.

Synonym:

Verlicordia (Haliris) moeshimaensis Habe. 1953: 133.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 33, 13°32' N, 121°07.5' E, 130-137 m.

5 v.

New Caledonia. “Vauban” 1978-79: stn 2, 22°17' S, 167°14' E. 425-430 m, 7 v. — Stn 40. 22°30' S.

1 66°24' E, 250-350 m. 5 v.

Distribution. — Western Pacific. New Caledonia, the Philippines. South and East China Sea

to Honshu, Japan, in 50-450 m.

Dkscription. Shell small, inflated, cordiform. Inequila¬

teral. with anterior, prosogyrate umbones and strongly

developed, shallow lunule. Sculpture of rounded, imbricated

or nodulose radial riblets and numerous fine granules.

Lithodesma thin, lamelliform. Right valve with a stout conical

cardinal tooth and a lateral ridge under posterodorsal

margin. Interior of valves subnacreous. Inner shell margin

regularly crenulale. Length: 6.9 mm.

Haliris teporis sp. nov.

(Figs 11-14)

Type material. — Holotype live taken, mnhn.

Type locality. — New Caledonia. " Vauban " 1978-79, stn 3, 22°17'S, 167° 12' E, 390 m.

Material examined. — Only known from the type material.

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality.

Description. Shell minute, oval subquadrate, rather

compressed, inequilateral. Umbones prosogyrate, not promi¬

nent. situated at approximately anterior one third of shell

length. Slightly inequivalve, left valve somewhat deeper and

larger, overlapping a little the opposite valve along margins.

Anterodorsal margin short, a little depressed along lunule,

somewhat curled up to meet the rounded anterior and ventral

margins. Posterodorsal margin elongate, oblique and feebly

convex, forming a blunt angle with the broadly arcuate

posterior margin. Sculpture of about 25 delicate radial riblets;

riblets and interspaces covered with tiny prickly granules.

Lunule small, relatively deep. Periostracum adherent, te¬

nuous. pale straw in colour, extending somewhat over the

inner shell margin. Internal ligament reinforced by a litho¬

desma. subquadrate in outline with slightly produced poste¬

rior angles. Right valve with a conical cardinal tooth and an

obscure lateral ridge under the posterodorsal margin. Hinge

of left valve edentate, with a small subumbonal indentation to

fit the opposite tooth. Interior polished, subnacreous, with

radial furrows and inner margin crenulations corresponding

to outer radial sculpture.

Measurements: Length 3.0 mm, height 2.8 mm, inflation

2.0 mm. The single specimen consists of a set of valves with

its lithodesma. The soft parts were sent to F. R. Bernard, but

are now missing.

Remarks. — This small species is distinct in outline from H. multicostata , which also occurs

in New Caledonia, and the delicate radial riblets of its outer surface are characteristic.

Etymology. — The specific name alludes to the habitat of the species. It is derived from the

Latin tepor, meaning lukewarm.

Source : MNHN , Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

113

Figs 11-22. — 11-14. Verticordiidae: Haliris teporis sp. nov., "Vauban” 1978-79: stn 3, holotype, L = 3.0 mm, exterior of left

valve (11), interior of right valve (12), interior of left valve (13), exterior of right valve (14). — 15-18, Lyonsiellidae:

Policordia olivacea sp. nov., corindon: stn 231, holotype, L = 15.3 mm, exterior of left valve (15), interior of right valve

(16), interior of left valve (17), exterior of right valve (18). — 19-22. Euciroidae 19-20. Euciroa crassa, musorstom

2: stn 68, L = 12.3 mm, exterior of right valve (19), L = 14.1 mm, interior of left valve (20). — 21-22, Euciroa

millegemmala, musorstom 2: stn 19, L = 15.3 mm, exterior of left vaive (21), interior of right valve (22).

Source : MNHN, Paris

114

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Halicardia houhricki sp. nov.

Figs 3-6

Type material. — Holotype empty shell, usnm 239020.

Type locality. — Northeastern Borneo, “ Albatross ”, stn 5582, 4°19.9'N, 118°58.6'E,

1628 m.

Material examined. Only known from the type material.

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality.

Description. — Shell large, solid, inflated, nearly as long

as high, irregularly trigonal in outline. Inequilateral, with the

anterior half of disc ventrally expanded and an alate,

somewhat compressed laterally, posterodorsal slope. Lunule

small, deeply impressed, overhung posteriorly by the umbo-

nes, more developed in right valve. Umbones prosogyrate,

inflated and moderately prominent, in front of midlength of

shell. Right valve tending to overlap the opposite valve, a

little along posterodorsal margin, more evidently on lunuiar

area, making the shell slightly inequivalve. External sculpture

of six strong radial undulations that scallop ventral margin,

and numerous, narrow, unequal radiating grooves. Concen¬

tric growth marks well impressed, giving a finely decussate

effect with the radial elements. Outer shell surface covered

with densely set small granules. Periostracum thin, adherent,

light beige in colour, slightly thicker on periphery of shell and

somewhat reinforcing the radiating grooves. External liga¬

ment a long, narrow brown band stretching along postero¬

dorsal and lunuiar margins. Internal ligament opisthodetic.

leaving in each valve a trigonal, elongate groove pointing

obliquely under umbo. Lithodesma large, asymmetrical.

Hinge feeble, nearly edentate: left valve slightly protruding on

middle of posterodorsal margin; cardinal tubercle of right

valve obsolete, reduced to a faint ridge of lunuiar margin

under umbo. Inner side of shell pearly white, smooth, largely

scalloped by the exterior radial undulations. Anterior adduc¬

tor scar distinct, semilunar, bordered internally by a slight

thickening of shell. Posterior adductor scar a little larger, less

impressed, roughly subquadrate, with a short dorsal expan¬

sion corresponding to posterior pedal retractor scar. Anterior

retractor scar deeply impressed, globular, hooked ventrally,

situated beneath lunuiar margin. Umbonal cavity with a very

small, ovate muscle scar under resilifer. Pallial line narrow,

not indented by a sinus, remote from ventral margin.

Measurements: Length 34.6 mm, height 35.3 mm, inflation

28.8 mm. The single specimen consists of a set of valves in

fresh condition. The lithodesma is unfortunately now mis¬

sing, but was observed by F. R. Bernard.

Remarks. — The new species closely resembles the North Eastern Pacific H. perplicata (Dali,

1890) but is readily distinguished by the straighter posterodorsal margin, the proportionately larger

lithodesma, the smaller dental tubercle of the right valve and the much finer surface granulations.

It is very distinct from the three other Recent Halicardia species previously known from the

North Pacific area: H. nipponensis Okutani, 1957, from Japan, and H. gouldi Dali. Bartsch & Rehder,

1938, from Hawaii, are characterized by radial flexures rather than distinct ribs; H. philippinensis

Poutiers, 1981, from the central Philippines, has a slender, much thinner shell with delicate external

sculpture.

Etymology. — The species is named in honour of the late Dr R. S. Houbrick of the

Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC for his numerous and valuable contributions to malaco¬

logy.

Halicardia philippinensis Poutiers, 1981

Figs 81-82

Halicardia philippinensis Poutiers, 1981: 353, textfig. 6, pi. 4. figs 7-8.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 44, 13°46.5' N, 120°29.5' E, 592-610 m,

1 spm (holotype), 2 spms, 1 db (paratypes) (mnhn).

Distribution. — Only known from the Central Philippines, in 592-610 m.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

115

Description. — Shell inflated, brittle, higher than long,

subequivalve, roughly trigonal in outline. Inequilateral, ven¬

tral margin anteriorly expanded, posterodorsal margin so¬

mewhat alate. Sculpture reduced, with a shallow depression

radiating to the slight sinuosity of posteroventral margin, and

with numerous radial grooves and densely set small granules.

Internal ligament opisthodetic, leaving in each valve a long

and narrow oblique groove. Lithodesma large, horseshoe-

shaped, with pointed posterior lobes. Right valve with a

posteriorly recurved cardinal tooth. Left valve edentate.

Interior nacreous, with the external sculpture showing

through posteriorly. Inner shell margins sharp and smooth.

Length: 21.3 mm.

Remarks. — Halicardia philippinensis is closely related to the Hawaiian species H. gouldi Dali,

Bartsch & Rehder, 1938. However, it differs from the latter by the higher shape with more rounded

outline, a posterodorsal expansion more weakly demarcated from disk, and an evenly convex anterior

margin, not flattened or depressed in the middle.

Family Lyonsiellidae

Policordia olivacea Poutiers, sp. nov.

Figs 15-18

Type material. — Holotype live taken, mnhn.

Type locality. — Indonesia, corindon, stn 231, 0°04.9' N, 119°47.8'E, 980-1080 m.

Material examined. Only known from the type material.

Distribution. Only known from the type locality.

Description. — Shell brittle, trapezoidal, rather compres¬

sed. Inequivalve, with a flexuous commissural plane and a

slightly larger but less inflated right valve. Inequilateral,

umbones anterior, prosogyrate, not very prominent. Antero-

dorsal margin rather short, abruptly curved; posterodorsal

margin long, slightly convex. Ventral margin forming a

narrowly rounded expansion. Posterior slope set off by a

slightly depressed radial undulation. Sculpture of 34-39 fine

radial striae with raised periostracal fringes, and many

concentric lines forming fine lirae on lateral slopes. Shell

translucent, whitish, with an oily iridescence, covered with a

thin adherent periostracum, pale olive-brown in colour.

Hinge margin thin, edentate, only slightly protruding under

and behind umbo of left valve. Anterodorsal margin covered

in both valves with a thickened outgrow of periostracum.

Ligament opisthodetic, with a strong, bifid, recurved litho¬

desma, obliquely inserted under posterodorsal margin of

valves. Interior nacreous, with the extemak sculpture showing

through. Attachment scars obscure.

Anatomy : Adductor muscles ovate, subequal, the posterior

one slightly larger. Mantle rather solid, marginally thickened.

extensively fused, with a small pedal opening. Entire free edge

of each mantle lobe with a series of squat sensory tubercles.

Exhalant opening with lateral tissue pads and five unbran¬

ched conical tentacles, three dorsally and two apart ventrally.

Inhalant aperture larger, with an extensive raptorial hood,

surrounded on either side by ten prominent, partially fused

tentacles. These are branched into seven lobes and densely

covered with microscopic pointed papillae. Two additional

pairs of small, simple, conical tentacles inserted obliquely on

outer edge of the ring of inhalant tentacles, one pair in the

interstices between the fourth and fifth tentacles, and another

pair between the sixth and seventh ones. Septum thin and

delicate; gills with inner and outer demibranch, the ascending

lamella of the outer demibranch absent. Gill filaments short.

Foot small, rather tongue-shaped, with a byssal groove but

no trace of a functional byssus. Mouth large, with overhan¬

ging lips; labial palps small.

Measurements: Length 15.3 mm, height 15.8 mm, inflation

9.2 mm. The single specimen consists of a set of valves with

preserved soft parts. The lithodesma is now missing, but was

observed by F. R. Bernard.

Remarks. — This new species shows marked similarities with Policordia densicostata (Locard,

1898) of the subtropical Atlantic, a rather variable form, difficult to separate from P. gemma (Verrill,

1880) and P. atlantica Allen & Turner, 1974 on shell characters alone. Considering there were some

doubt about the relationships between these three species, F. R. Bernard postulated that a variable

complex is represented in the Atlantic, and tentatively assigned the corindon specimen to P.

densicostata. However, after an examination of Locard's type specimen in mnhn, and the study of

material assigned to P. densicostata by Allen & Turner (1974: 478), I cannot agree with the opinion

of Bernard and consider the corindon specimen a distinct species [J.-M. P.].

1 16

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Policordia olivacea differs from P. densicosiata by its compressed shell (length/inflation ratio

1.66 instead of 1.30). a more protruding ventral margin giving a somewhat trigonal outline, less

prominent umbones. and a more conspicuous, light olive-brown periostracum (tenuous and pale erey

to beige in P. densicosiata). On anatomical grounds, both species are easily distinguishable by^th'e

mantle free margins (devoid of tubercles in P. densicosiata) and the tentacles surrounding the inhalant

aperture (P. densicosiata has two more branched tentacles but no additional simple tentacles on their

outer edge).

Policordia olivacea has a general resemblance to the West Pacific P. pilula (see Prashad. 1932 for

description and illustration of the shell), a much smaller, differently shaped species. It is likely that

P. media Okutani, 1962. is identical to P. pilula.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin oliva, olive, with reference to the

colour and oily iridescence of the new species.

Family Euciroidae

Euciroa crassa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931

Figs 19-20

Euciroa crassa Thiele & Jaeckel. 1931: 248. pi. 10. fig. 130.

Synonym:

Euciroa cistagemma Kuroda, 1952: 14, pi. 1. figs 16-18.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 2. 14°00.5' N. I20°17.3' E. 184-186 m.

1 v. — Stn 6. 13°56.5'N, 120°21.5'E, 136-152 m, 1 v. — Stn 10. I4°00.7'N, 1 20° 18.2' E. 188-195 m.

1 v. Stn 17. 14"00.5' N. 120°17.8' E, 174-193 m, 1 v. Stn 26. 13°49' N. 120°50.3' E. 299-320 m.

5 v. — Stn 51. 13°59.8' N, 120° 17' E, 170-187 m, 5 v. — Stn 64. 14°00.8'N. 1 20” 18.6' E. 191-195 m,

1 v. Stn 68, 14°01.2'N, 1 20° 1 8.2' E. 195-199 m, 4 v. — Stn 71. 14°00.6' N, 120° 18 5' E 189-

197 m, 1 v. Stn 72, 14°00.4' N. I20°18.6'E. 182-197 m, 1 v.

Distribution. Indo-Pacific. off East Africa. Maldives area, the Philippines, South and East

China Sea to Honshu. Japan, in 136-1463 m.

Description. Shell thick, ralher small; umbones promi¬

nent. Outline variable but generally rounded-triangular.

Inequilateral, post-umbonal part of shell short, truncate.

Sculpture of numerous, nodulated or dorsally imbricated

radial riblets. set closer on the posterior slope, which is set off

by two shallow radial sulci. Primary riblets rather strong,

with weaker intercalated riblets. Ligament opisthodetic, in a

deep resilifer. Lithodesma strong, rectangular, with two short

posierior lobes. Right valve with a slurdy cardinal tooth. Left

valve with an anterior tubercle and a weak, remote posterior

lateral tooth. Interior nacreous, with a radial ridge running

from the umbonal cavity to the posteroventral marain. Inner

shell margins crenulate. Length 19.2 mm.

Euciroa ehurnea (Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Figs 23-24

Verticorclia (Euciroa) eburnea Wood-Mason & Alcock. 1891: 447, figs 14a-d.

Synonyms:

Verticordia optima G.B. Sowerby III, 1894a: 39. pi. S fig 3- 1894b- 82

Euciroa tlalli Pilsbry, 1911: 523.

Material examined. Philippines, musorstom I: stn 44, 13°46.5' N. 120°29 5' E 599-610 m

1 db. Stn 47, 13°41.5' N. 120°30' E. 685-757 m, 5 spins.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

117

Figs 23-29. Euciroidae — 23-24. Euciroa eburnea, musorstom 2: stn 79, L = 38.6 mm, interior of right valve (23), exterior

of left valve (24). 25-29, Acreuciroa rostrata, musorstom 2: stn 75: 25-26. L = 32.8 mm (juvenile specimen): dorsal

view of shell (25), exterior of left valve (26); 27-28, L = 61.4 mm (mature specimen): exterior of left valve (27), interior

of right valve (28); 29, L = 63.5 mm (gerontic form): exterior of left valve.

Source :

118

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

MUSORSTOM 2: stn 50, 13°37.4' N, 120°33' E, 810-820 m, 1 v. — Stn 79, 13°44' N, 120°31 7' E 682-

770 m, 3 spms, 1 db, 10 v. — Stn 82, 13°47' N, 120°28.8' E, 550 m, 1 spm.

New Caledonia. “Vauban” 1978-79: stn 15, 22°49' S, 167°12'E, 390-395 m, 1 v.

Distribution. — Widely distributed in the Indo-Pacific region, from South Africa and the

Gulf of Aden to the Philippines, the South China Sea and New Caledonia, in 340-1473 m.

Description. — Shell rounded-ovate, subequivalve, with

umbones somewhat in front of midlength. Posterior slope set

off by shallow radial sulcus. Sculpture of weak radial cords

with rows of small spines and numerous microscopic nodules.

Ligament opisthodetic. in a deep resilifer. Lithodesma long,

slightly bifurcated. Right valve with a strong conical cardinal

tooth, articulating in a pit of the opposite valve, and a

shallow lateral ridge behind the resilifer. Left valve with

anterior and posterior dorsal margins each produced in a

tooth-like ridge, and with a small cardinal tooth edging the

resilifer. Interior of shell brilliantly nacreous, with minute

radial striae. Inner ventral margin finely crenulated. Length

38.6 mm.

Anatomy. Adductor muscles subequal. Mantle with large

pedal opening, three-lobed, but lobes narrow. Ventral half of

mantle much thickened. Taenioid muscles absent. Margins of

pedal opening with minute erect spicules. Pallial apertures

not developed into siphons, placed in a muscular plate,

consisting of a small rounded exhalant aperture and a narrow

fissure for the inhalant aperture. The apertures are surroun¬

ded by a row of simple conical tentacles. Foot laterally

compressed, pointed, without a byssal groove. Gills appres-

sed to the septum. Outer demibranch appearantly with

ascending lamella only. Mouth broad, overhung by the lips

that are produced into lateral bulbs, the “lateral sacs” of

Dale (1895b). Ventrally is a tongue-like process, the “central

posterior lappet" of Dall. A similar structure has been

reported in Lyonsiella formosa by Allen & Turner (1974)

and is probably connected with adaptations to macrophagy.

A similar appendage is also present in Pholadomya Candida

(Morton, 1980). Labial palps long and prominent, similar to

those of Pholadomya (Morton, 1980). Oesophagus develo¬

ped. Stomach large and globular. Two ducts to the digestive

diverticula. Mid-gut and style-sac conjoined. Rectum proba¬

bly penetrating the heart and passing over the posterior

adductor muscle. Anus not projecting. Hermaphroditic, with

superficial, arborescent testis.

Remarks. — This species is closely related to Euciroa pacifica (Dali, 1895b) from Hawaii. The

presence of some preserved specimens (musorstom 1: Stn 47) allowed the elucidation of the gross

anatomy and comparison with Dall's (1895b) description of the Hawaiian species.

Euciroa eburnea shows a number of interesting similarities to the Verticordiidae and the

Poromyidae. The presence of large labial palps separates it at family level. It shows a number of

adaptations to macrophagy, but lacks any vestige of the “valvular membrane” associated with the

inhalant siphon which can be extruded as a raptorial hood (Morton, 1981b, 1985a, c ). It is difficult

to visualize how the minute inhalant fissure could be readily expanded, but the thickening of the

mantle margins containing haemocoels and numerous muscle fibres may play a role. Mechanism of

predation in Euciroa could be similar to the method supposedly used by verticordiids to capture

bottom living preys (Morton, 1987).

Euciroa millegemmata Kuroda & Habe, 1952

Figs 21-22

Euciroa millegemmata Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, 1952: 14-15 (footnote 1 a), pi. 1, figs 12-15.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 19, 14°00.6' N 120° 17 4' E 189-192 m

1 spm. — Stn 32, 13°40.5' N, 120°54' E, 192-220 m, 1 spm.

IS™JION- — Limited to Western Pacific area, the Philippines and China Sea to Honshu

Japan, in 100-365 m.

Description. — Shell small, ovate, inflated. Inequivalve,

nght valve deeper. Anterior margin rounded, posterior

margin slightly produced, obtusely angulate. Sculpture of

numerous, fine narrow radial striae and rows of pustules or

spines. Lunule deep, small. Ligament opisthodetic, in a deep

resilifer. Lithodesma robust, with two pointed posterior

lobes. Right valve with a small, conical cardinal tooth and a

shallow posterior lateral ridge merged into shell margin;

anterodorsal margin somewhat thickened internally. Dorsal

margins of left valve slightly produced anteriorly and poste¬

riorly. Interior of shell nacreous, with fine radial striae.

Length 17.5 mm.

Source . MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

119

Remarks. — This species has been placed without explanation in Acreuciroa by Bernard et

al. (1993).

Euciroa trapeza Poutiers, 1982

Figs 79-80

Euciroa trapeza Poutiers. 1982: 332-333, figs 1-2.

Material examined. — New Caledonia. " Vauban ” 1978-79: stn 14. 22°16'S. 167°17' E,

465-495 m, 6 v, fragments. — Stn 33, 22°33' S, 166°25' E, 290-350 m, 2 db (holotype). Stn 34,

22°32' S, 166°26' E, 350-420 m, 4 v. — Stn 39, 22°29' S, 166°23' E, 375-550 m, ldb, 6 v. — Stn 40,

22°30' S, 166°24' E, 250-350 m, 7 v. All paratypes: ams, mnhn, nmnz, nsmt.

Distribution. — West Pacific, off southern New Caledonia, in 250-550m.

Description. — Shell large, inflated, subequivalve, trans-

versally elongated. Inequilateral, anterior margin broadly

rounded, posterior margin rostrate, obtusely angulated and

strongly sloping dorsally. Sculpture of thin radial threads

fading out ventrally and posteriorly, and numerous irregular

rows of small prickly granules. Ligament opisthodetic, in a

deep resilifer. Lithodesma not known. Right valve with a

strong conical cardinal tooth, articulating in a recess of the

opposite valve, and a shallow lateral ridge behind the

resilifer. Left valve with anterior and posterior dorsal margins

each produced in a lateral ridge, and a weak tubercle in front

of the resilifer. Interior of shell brilliantly nacreous, finely

striated on margins. Length 58.0 mm.

Acreuciroa rostrata (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931)

Figs 25-29

Euciroa (Acreuciroa) rostrata Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 249, pi. 10, figs 1 32- 1 32a.

Synonym:

Euciroa (Acreuciroa) teramachii Kuroda. 1952: 15, figs 19-20.

Material examined. Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 42, 13°54.5' N. 120°29' E, 379-407 m,

1 db. — Stn 43, 13°50' N, 120°28' E. 448-484 m, 1 db.

musorstom 2: stn 15, 13°55'N, 120°28.9' E, 326-330 m, 1 v. — Stn 75, 13°51.9'N, 120°30.1'E,

300-330 m, 4 spms, 4 db, 18 v. — Stn 78, 13°49.5'N, 120°28.5' E, 441-550 m, 2 v. — Stn 82, 13°47' N,

120°28.8' E, 550 in, 2 v. — Stn 83, 13°55.9' N, 120°30.5' E, 318-320 m, 4 v.

Distribution. — From Indonesia to the Philippines, South and East China Sea to Honshu,

Japan, in 200-550 m.

Description. — Shell large, rounded-ovate, with a well-

developed posterior rostrum. Sculpture of numerous, spinose,

intercalating radial riblets. tending to be more prominent

towards the anterior end of rostrum. Ligament opisthodetic.

broad, strong, heart-shaped. Right valve with a strong

cardinal tooth and a posterior lateral lamina. Left valve

edentate. Interior richly iridescent, finely striate on margins.

Length 66.8 mm.

Remarks. — The juveniles tend to be more elongate (Poutiers, 1981; Tsuchida, 1986).

Following Habe (1977, 1981) and Abbott & Dance (1982), the posteriorly produced Acreuciroa is

here considered a separate genus, distinct from the ovate and inflated species of Euciroa s. s.

Source .

120

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Family Cuspidariidae

Cuspidaria convexa Pelseneer, 1911

Figs 30-3 1

Cuspidaria convexa Pelseneer. 1911: 80. pi. 26. fig. 10.

Other reference:

Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) convexa - Prashad. 1932: 329. pi. 7. tigs 36-37

Material examined. Philippines, musorstom I: stn 5, 14°01.5'N, 120°22' E. 200-215 m,

1 spm.

musorstom 2: stn 49, 13°38.8' N. 121°43.2' E. 416-425 m, 1 db.

Western Pacific area. East of Java, the Central Philippines and South China

Distribution.

Sea, in 100-694 m.

Description. Shell globular, thin and white, slightly

inequivalve, with a deeper left valve. Umbones prominent,

anteriorly situated: postumbonal part equals about 60% or

shell length. Anterior side of valves rounded, posterior drawn

out in a short, wide rostrum, poorly marked off from disc by

shallow radial depression. Posterodorsal area of rostrum with

a few indistinct radial threads. Sculpture of irregular concen¬

tric striae; surface with mucus-bound mud layer. Resilifer a

narrow, opisthogyrate groove almost parallel to dorsal

margin and not protruding under the hinge. Right valve with

a trigonal, elongate, prominent posterior lateral tooth. Left

valve edentate. Interior of shell milky white, glossy. Lengih

12.3 mm.

Remarks. - This species is very similar to the Indian Ocean C. approximate i E. A. Smith,

1896. but Knudsen (1967: 309) gave anatomical reasons to distinguish them. In C. approximate!, the

concentric sculpture is said lo be thinner, the rostrum seems to be more ventrally placed and has a

distinct lidge radiating from umbo to posteroventral end of shell. However, some of these characters

may be mutable, and nothing is known about the individual variation of shell in the two species.

Cuspidaria convexa is compared by Prashad to his C. mills, a less globular and more elongate

species with less protruding umbones.

Cuspidaria corrugata Prashad, 1932

Figs 32-33

Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) cprrugata Prashad. 1932: 329, pi. 7. fig. 38.

Material examined. Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 26. 13"49' N. 120°50.3' E. 299-320 m.

1 db. Stn 72. 14°00.4' N, 120° 18.6' E, 182-197 m. 1 v. Stn 80. 13°45.2'N P0°37 5' E 178-

205 m, 2 v. ’

Distribution. Western Pacific, Indonesia and the Philippines, in 38-320 m

Description. Shell thin, ovate, shortly rostrate poste¬

riorly. Umbones not elevated, a little behind midlength of

shell. Dorsal margin strongly sloping on either side of

umbones. Ventral margin arcuate, curving up sharply in its

posterior half. Rostrum short, subcentral, tapered, with a

truncate end. set off by a broad radial depression that also

produces a sinuous ventral margin. Sculpture of strong

concentric riblets with wide interspaces, more regularly

placed anteriorly, somewhat sinuous and lamellose poste-

riorly. Concentric riblets ending on rostrum along a strong

oblique ridge radiating from umbones to the posteroventral

margin. Posterodorsal area of rostrum crowded with very

fine concentric threads, with a second, lower radial ridge

bordering dorsal margin of shell. Internal ligament opis-

thogyrate. in a narrow, oblique resilifer that is not produced.

Left valve edentate. Posterior denticle of right valve obsolete.

Posterior adductor scar well impressed, roughly trigonal,

bordered on umbonal margin by an internal reinforcement of

shell. Anterior adductor scar indistinct. Inner surface with

concentric undulations. Lengih 17.3 mm.

Source .

Figs 30-42. Cuspidariidae 30-31. Cuspidaria convexa, musorstom 2: sin 49. L = 12.3 mm. interior of right valve (30),

exterior of left valve (31). 32-33. Cuspidaria corrugaia, musorstom 2: stn 80. L = 16.5 mm. interior of left valve (32),

L = 17.3 mm, exterior of right valve (33). — 34. Cuspidaria gigantea, musorstom 2: stn 10. L = 33.7 mm, exterior

of right valve. 35-36, Cuspidaria hindsiana, musorstom 1: stn 71, L = 22.0 mm, interior of left valve (35). exterior

of right valve (36). 37, Cuspidaria japonica, musorstom 2: stn 11, L = 27.7 mm. exterior of right valve.

38-39, Cuspidaria kyushuensis, musorstom 2: stn 25. L = 12.7 mm, interior of right valve (38). exterior of left valve

(39) . 40-42. Cuspidaria morrisae sp. nov., "Vauban" 1978-79: stn 42, holotype, L = 20.0 mm, interior of left valve

(40) . exterior of left valve (41), interior of right valve (42).

Source . MNHN, Paris

122

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Remarks. The present material agrees well with Prashad's original description, although

his figure of the outside of shell shows a somewhat more centrally placed umbo and more irregular

concentric sculpture. However, the shape of musorstom 2 valves is rather variable, and theses

differences may represent individual variation. Prashad did not describe nor figure the hinge, stating

only it is “as in typical Cuspidaria ”, but in the right valves described here, the posterior tooth is

indistinct.

Cuspidaria gigantea Prashad, 1 932

Fig. 34

Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) giganlea Prashad, 1932: 329, pi. 7, fig. 38.

Synonym:

Cuspidaria kawamurai Kuroda. 1948: 11, pi. 1, fig. 4.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 71, 14°09.5' N, 120°26.5' E, 174-204 m

1 spm.

musorstom 2: stn 10, 14°00.7' N, 120°18.2' E, 188-195 m, 1 v. — Stn 26, 13°49'N 120°50 3'E

299-320 m, 1 v. — Stn 51, 13°59.8' N, 120° 17' E, 170-187 m, 2 v.

Distribution. — Indo-Pacific, from Southeast Africa to the Philippines, South and East

China Sea to Honshu, Japan, in 100-1030 m.

Description. — Shell solid, subequivalve, oblique ovate,

strongly rostrate, very inequilateral. Umbones not promi¬

nent, feebly opisthogyrate. Rostrum long, narrow, usually

recurved, set off from disc by a broad radial depression that

deeply sinuates the ventral shell margin. Rostrum with an

inflated ridge radiating from umbones to the posterodorsal

margin, giving the appearance of an elongate escutcheon.

Sculpture of a concentric striation, becoming coarse and

irregular posteriorly in the depressed area of the posteroven-

tral sinuation. Periostracum thick, dehiscent. Internal liga¬

ment reinforced by a lithodesma, in vertical trigonal resilifer

that is strongly protruded under hinge margin. Right valve

with a strong posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate.

Interior of shell with fine radial striae. Length 33.7 mm.

Remarks. — Knudsen (1967: 314) synonymized Cuspidaria kawamurai with C. giganlea , but

used Kuroda s name on the basis that the specific name gigantea was preoccupied by Verrill (1884)

Barnard (1964: 579) also mentioned this homonymy, but did not give any replacement name for C

gigantea Prashad. However, Verrill's species was described under Neaera, and actually belongs to

Myonera (Verrill & Bush, 1898). Thus, the secondary homonymy detected by Barnard and

Knudsen doesn’t exist any more, and the specific name C. gigantea Prashad, 1932 remains.

Cuspidaria hindsiana (A. Adams, 1864)

Figs 35-36

Neaera hindsiana A. Adams, 1864: 207.

Material examined. —

1 spm.

Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 71, 14°09.5' N, 120°26.5' E, 174-204 m.

Distribution. - Northwestern Pacific, the Philippines, East China Sea to Taiwan and

Honshu, Japan, in 50-200 m.

Description. — Shell thin and white, inflated, elongate-

ovate, with a narrow central recurved rostrum. Ventral

margin broadly convex, with a weak posterior constriction at

base of rostrum. Sculpture of thin, irregular sharp concentric

ridges, and many very fine growth lines. Rostrum with

numerous transverse grooves and a few indistinct radial

threads. Periostracum thin, adherent, translucent. Internal

ligament with broad lithodesma, attached in each valve to a

Source .

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC 123

trigonal resililer that is inclined posteriorly. Hinge of right Left valve edentate. Interior of shell with outer concentric

valve with a strong, elongate, trigonal posterior lateral tooth. ribbing showing through. Length 22.0 mm.

Cuspidaria japonica Kuroda, 1948

Fig. 37

Cuspidaria japonica Kuroda, 1948: 14. pi. 1, fig. 2.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 11, 14°00.3' N, 120° 19.3' E, 194-196 m

1 v. — Stn 68, 14°01.2'N, 120°18.2'E, 195-199 m. 1 db.

Distribution. — Northwest Pacific, from

Description. - Shell rather large, globose-ovate, with a

moderately developed, attenuate dorsal rostrum. Umbones

submedian, inflated but not very prominent, slightly opis-

thogyrate. Anterodorsal margin broadly convex, oblique.

Anterior and ventral margins rounded, the latter somewhat

sinuate posteriorly. Posterodorsal margin straightish to a

little recurved, gently sloping. Base of rostrum relatively

broad, with weak radial depression ending in the postero-

the Philippines to Honshu, Japan, in 100-200 m.

ventral sinuosity of margin. Sculpture of irregular concentric

striae, becoming coarser on rostrum. Periostracum thin,

adherent, beige in colour, somewhat darker and fibrous on

ventral margin and rostrum. Internal ligament reinforced by

a short lithodesma, in a small pit under and behind the umbo.

Hinge of right valve with a short posterior lateral tooth and

a small internal thickening of margin in front of umbo. Left

valve edentate. Interior of shell milky white. Length 27.7 mm.

Remarks. — This species is similar to C. lubangensis Poutiers, 1981, from the Central

Philippines, but the latter has a proportionately shorter rostrum, and more delicate hinge in the right

valve.

Cuspidaria kyushuensis Okutani, 1962

Figs 38-39

Cuspidaria kyushuensis Okutani, 1962: 35, pi. 3, fig. 12.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 25, 13H40'N, 120°43' E, 520-550 m.

1 db, 1 v.

Distribution. — Northwest Pacific, from Kyushu, Japan, to the central Philippines, in

520-760 m.

Description. — Shell solid, globose, quadrangular-ovate,

with a ventral enlargement and a rather short, compressed,

slightly upturned rostrum. Inequi valve, left valve somewhat

deeper and larger ventrally. Umbones small, inflated, anterior

to midlength of shell. Sculpture of rather regular concentric

lirae, disappearing on rostrum. Shell chalky white, with a

feebly glowing olive-yellow periostracum. Internal ligament

in a small, deep, oblique pit under umbo. Right valve with a

stout, trigonal posterior lateral tooth and a thickened

anterior hinge margin. Hinge of left valve edentate. Interior

of shell whitish, porcelaneous. Posterior adductor scar trigo¬

nal, deeply impressed. Anterior adductor scar elongate-ovate,

with a small pedal retractor scar near its posterodorsal end.

Pallial line hardly distinct, with a large sinus at base of

rostrum. Length 12.7 mm.

Remarks. — The present material agrees well with the short diagnosis and figure of C.

kyushuensis given by Okutani (1962). Although he compared it with C. circinata (Jeffreys, 1876), it

seems more closely related to the Atlantic C. ventricosa Verrill & Bush, 1898. In the latter species,

however, the sculpture is coarser and more closely spaced, and the posterior lateral tooth is closer to

the ligament pit.

Source :

124

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Cuspidaria lubangensis Poutiers. 1981

Fig. 83

Cuspidaria lubangensis Poutiers. 1981: 348. pi. 3. figs 4-5

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 63, 14°00.5' N. I20°16'E, 191-195 m

(holotype db, mnhn).

Distribution. Only known from the central Philippines, in 191-195 m

Description. — Shell brittle, globose-ovate, with a mode¬

rately developed and rather broad dorsal rostrum. Umbones

inflated, on midlength of valves, nearly orthogyrate. Anterior

and ventral margins rounded, the former subangulate dor-

sally, the latter somewhat sinuate posteriorly. Posterodorsal

margin concave, dorsally recurved towards” posterior end.

Base of rostrum with a shallow radial depression ending in

the posteroventral sinuosity of margin. Sculpture of irregular.

concentric grooves and narrow wrinkles, the former more

developed posteriorly. Periostracum beige to brown, adhe¬

rent. fibrous, darker and coarser towards margins. Internal

ligament fitting in an oblique resilifer that is slightly protru¬

ding under hinge margin. Hinge of right valve with a shallow

posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate. Interior of shell

bright white in colour. Length 19.5 mm.

Remarks. — For comparison with Cuspidaria japonica Kuroda, 1948, see under that species

Cuspidaria macrorhynchus E. A. Smith. 1895

Figs 43-44

Cuspidaria macrorhynchus E. A. Smith. 1895: 12, pi. 2, figs 5-5a.

Material examined. Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 39, 13°08' N. 122°36 3' E 1030-1190 m

8 v. - Stn 44. 13°23.5' N, 122°20.6' E. 760-820 m, 2 spms, 3 db.

• aoo nooR,BUTI°N' Indo-Pacific, from East Africa to Indonesia, the Philippines and China Sea,

Description. — Shell thin, strongly inequilateral, ovate to

slightly oblique with a very long and narrow, tube-like

rostrum. Umbones prominent, in front of midlength of shell

Anterodorsal margin straight, horizontal, close to umbones

slightly convex and strongly sloping anteriorly. Anterior and

ventral margins rounded, the latter deeply sinuate at base of

rostrum. Posterodorsal margin straight, horizontal, someti¬

mes slightly recurved distally. Sculpture of a fine irregular

concentric striation, becoming coarser and transverse on

posterodorsal area of rostrum. An obsolete diagonal ridge

radiating from umbo to posteroventral extremity of rostrum.

Periostracum thin, pale ochre in colour, becoming thicker

and darker on periphery of disc and particularly on rosirum

Internal ligament with a short lithodesma, attached in each

valve to a minute, oblique resilifer. rounded ventrally and

pointing under umbo. Right valve with a prominent posterior

lateral tooth and an anterior lateral groove for the opposite

valve margin. Left valve edentate. Interior of shell glossy

white, with a very fine radial striation and one or two shallow

longitudinal ridges in dorsal half of rostrum Length

36.2 mm.

Remarks. I he shell of this species is somewhat variable, and the rostrum tends to be

from V I inkin' r^"ghtly retUrVnd l'P 011 °'der sPecimens- Cuspidaria sugamtmai Nomura. 1940,

rom Japan in 106-220 m. is usually synonymized with C. macrorhynchus, but has a shorter

rftfUm and Stronger dentition in the right valve. It is considered here as a

valid species limited to Japan.

Source :

Figs 43-54. Cuspidariidae - - 43-44. Cuspidaria macrorhynchus, musorstom 2: sin 44. L = 23.7 mm. exterior of left valve

(43). interior of right valve (44). - 45-47. Cuspidaria prolaiissima, musorstom 2: stn 80, L = 23.9 mm, interior of right

valve (45), exterior of left valve (46); L = 21.0 mm, dorsal view of shell (47). — 48-49. Cuspidaria steindachneri ,

musorstom 1: stn 63, L = 18.6 mm. exterior of left valve (48), interior of right valve (49). — 50. Myonera (Rengea)

caduca, “Vauban 1978-79: stn 42, L = 30.5 mm. exterior of left valve. 51-52. Myonera roslra sp. nov., musorstom

2: stn 40. holotype, L = 13.4 mm, interior of left valve (51), exterior of left valve (52). — 53-54. Myonera dautzenbergi,

CORindon: stn 280. L = 18.4 mm, exterior of left valve (53), interior of right valve (54).

Source : MNHN, Paris

126

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Cuspidaria morrisae sp. nov.

Figs 40-42

Type material. — Holotype db. mnhn.

Type locality. — New Caledonia .“Vauban” 1978-79, stn 42, 22°08' S, 167°04' E, 230-260 m.

Material examined. — Known only from the type material.

Distribution. — Known only from the type locality.

Description. — Shell solid, inflated, oblique ovate, ine¬

quilateral. Anterior side rounded, posterior side with a short

central rostrum, relatively narrow, abruptly truncate distally.

Inequivalve, left valve slightly deeper and commissural plane

somewhat distorted ventrally, a little drawn out to the left

anteriorly and to the right posteriorly. Umbones prominent,

opisthogyrate, well behind midlength of shell, the postumbo-

nal part forming about 42% of the total length. Anterodorsal

margin elongate, oblique, broadly arcuate, meeting rounded

anterior margin at an obtuse angle. Posterodorsal margin

concave, gently sloping. Ventral margin rounded, becoming

sinuous and oblique posteriorly. Rosfrum laterally compres^

sed, set off from disc by a radial depression, with a rounded

diagonal ridge running from umbo to the postero-ventral

margin. Sculpture of numerous irregular concentric lines and

grooves. Periostracum thin, translucent, yellow-ochre, stron¬

ger and folded ventrally. Internal ligament with broad,

arched lithodesma, attached to a shallow oblique resilifer

protruding a little beyond hinge margin. Hinge feeble. Right

valve with an obscure posterior lateral tooth. Left valve

edentate. Posterior adductor scar well impressed, kidney¬

shaped; anterior adductor scar indistinct. Interior of shell

porcelaneous white, with fine radial striae.

Measurements: Length 20.0 mm, height 12.3 mm, inflation

9.8 mm. The single specimen consists of a set of valves in

fresh condition.

Remarks. — This new species can be compared to C. capensis (E. A. Smith, 1885) from the

Southeast Atlantic, but the latter is rather more compressed, the umbones are less prominent, more

anteriorly placed and not strongly opisthogyrate.

Etymology. — The specific name is for Dr S. Morris formerly of the British Museum

(Natural History) in recognition of abundant and cheerful assistance.

Cuspidaria nobilis (A. Adams, 1864)

Fig. 61

Neaera nobilis A. Adams, 1864: 207.

Synomym:

Cuspidaria nobilis consimilis Habe, 1961: 146 & App. 42, pi. 65, fig. 21.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 19, 14°00.6' N, 120° 17.4' E, 189-192 m

1 db. — Stn 21. 14°01.2' N. 120°17.6' E, 191-192 m, 1 v. — Stn 51, 13°59.8' N, 120°17' E, 170-187

m, 2 v. — Stn 59, 14°00.4' N, 120°17' E, 186-190 m, 1 v. — Stn 68, 14°01.2' N, 120°18.2' E, 195-199

m, 1 spm, 7 v. — Stn 71, 14°00.6' N. 120°18.5' E, 189-197 m, 1 v. — Stn 80, 13°45.2' N, 120°37.5' E,

178-205 m, 2 v.

Indonesia, corindon: stn 267, 1°56.6' S, 119°16.7'E, 134-186 m, 1 spm.

Distribution. — Western Pacific, Indonesia, the Philippines, East China Sea to Honshu and

Shikoku, Japan, in 50-300 m.

Description. — Shell large, inflated, inequilateral,

elongate-ovate, with an attenuate, rostrate posterior end.

Umbones inclined posteriorly, situated a little in front of

midlength of shell. Anterodorsal margin convex, meeting

without discontinuity the rounded anterior margin. Rostrum

large, ventral, truncate, with a weak angle radiating to

posteroventral corner. Posterodorsal margin strongly recur¬

ved. Ventral margin arcuate, a little sinuate posteriorly by a

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

127

faint radial groove at base of rostrum. Sculpture of many

strong concentric ribs. Surface white, periostracum thin and

yellowish, often becoming stronger and darker on rostrum.

Resilifer broad, subvertical. Right valve with a low, triangular

posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate. Inner face of

shell undulated by the outer concentric sculpture. Length

51.7 mm.

Cuspidaria prolatissima Poutiers, 1981

Figs 45-47

Cuspidaria prolatissima Poutiers, 1981: 348, pi. 3, figs 2-3.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 25, 14°02.5' N, 120°22' E, 191-200 m.

1 spm. — Stn 31, 14°00'N, 120°17.5'E, 187-195 m, 1 spm. — Stn 42, 13°54.5'N, 120°29' E, 379-

407 m, 2 spms (holotype and paratype).

musorstom 2: stn 17, 14°00.5' N, 120°17.8' E, 174-193 m, 1 spm. — Stn 21, 14°01 2' N 120°17 6' E

191-192 m, 2 spms. — Stn 26, 13°49' N, 120°50.3' E, 299-320 m, 1 spm. — Stn 51, 13°59.8'N

120° 17' E, 170-187 m, 1 v. — Stn 63, 14H07.3' N, 120°15.5'E, 215-230 m, 1 spm. — Stn 64,

14°00.8'N, 120°18.6'E, 191-195 m, 1 spm, 3 v. — Stn 68, 14°01.2'N, 120°18.2' E, 195-199 m’

2 spms. — Stn 80, 13°45.2' N, 120°37.5' E, 178-205 m, 2 spms, 1 v. — Stn 83, 13°55.9' N, 120°30.5' E,

318-320 m, 1 spm, 2 v.

Distribution. — Fairly common in the central Philippines, in 170-407 m.

Description. — Shell equivalve, moderately inflated,

elongate-ovate, with a long, narrow, straight rostrum, some¬

times a little upturned posteriorly. Anterodorsal slope stron¬

gly depressed, set off by an oblique radial fold forming an

angle at anterior end. Sculpture of numerous irregular

concentric striae, becoming coarser and transverse on ros¬

trum, and overlain by shallow concentric ribs on umbonal

and anterior parts of the disc. Rostrum demarcated by a

radial sulcus, with a smoothish dorsal margin and an

umbonoventral ridge becoming indistinct posteriorly. Inter¬

nal ligament in a small trigonal socket beneath and behind

the umbo. Hinge plate narrow. Right valve with an elongate

posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate. Length 26.7 mm.

Remarks. — This elongate species is distinguished by the infolded area anterior to the umbo,

rather like a large lunule, and the consequently acute anterior shell margin.

Cuspidaria steindachneri Sturany, 1901

Figs 48-49

Cuspidaria steindachneri Sturany, 1901: 261, pi. 1, figs 5-9.

Synonym:

Cuspidaria hirasei Kuroda, 1948: 10, pi. I, fig. 3.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 63, 14°00.5' N, 120°16' E, 191-195 m,

1 db.

Distribution. — Indo-Pacific, Red Sea, Indian Ocean, the Philippines, South China Sea to

Honshu, Japan, in 106-1308 m.

Description. — Shell solid, elongate-ovate, with a long,

straight central rostrum. Umbones prominent, well anterior

to midlength of shell. Anterodorsal margin oblique, slightly

convex; posterodorsal margin concave. Ventral margin

broadly rounded, with a posterior sinuation. Rostrum de¬

marcated from disc by a shallow radial furrow. A fine ridge

running from umbo to posteroventral extremity of rostrum,

and becoming indistinct distally. Sculpture of irregular

concentric striae, coarser and recurved at a right angle on

posterodorsal area of rostrum. Internal ligament in a narrow,

oblique resilifer. Right valve with a strong posterior lateral

tooth and a distinct internal thickening of the anterodorsal

margin. Left valve edentate, hinge margin somewhat promi¬

nent anterior to umbo. Interior of shell with fine radial lines.

Length 18.6 mm.

128

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Cuspidaria (Soyomya) clathrata sp. nov.

Figs 62-65

Type material. — Holotype paired valves with dried soft parts, mnhn.

Type locality. — New Caledonia. “Vauban" 1978-79, stn 42. 22°08' S. 167°04' E, 230-260 m.

Material examined. — Only known from the type material.

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality.

Description. Shell solid, ovate, laterally compressed,

slightly inequivalve; posterior end with a short rostrum.

Umbones not very prominent, slightly prosogyrate and

submedian, the postumbonal part forming about 51% of

shell length. Anterodorsal margin horizontal just anterior to

umbones. gently convex and sloping towards rounded ante¬

rior margin. Posterodorsal margin oblique, straight, subtrun¬

cate posteriorly. Posterior truncation a little stronger on right

valve. Ventral margin broadly rounded, somewhat flattened

posteriorly. Rostrum broad, laterally compressed, largely

merged with disc, set off only by a shallow radial depression

that becomes less prominent ventrally. Surface with irregular

feeble concentric lirae and oblique rows of shallow pustules

in a divaricate pattern. Pustules developed on main part of

the disc, disappearing towards anterodorsal margin and on

umbonal and rostral regions. Periostracum thin, adherent,

translucent. Internal ligament light tan in colour, reinforced

ventrally by a broad, subquadrate lithodesma, attached in

each valve to a trigonal, posteriorly directed resilifer. Hinge

of right valve with a strong, oblique posterior lateral tooth

and a very small lamina just in front of resilifer. Left valve

edentate. Inner side of shell shiny, milky white, with a

shallow thickening in front of the posterior adductor scar and

a number of thin unequal lines radiating from the umbonal

cavity.

Measurements: Length 17.4 mm. height 12.5 mm. inflation

8.7 mm.

Remarks. — The external oblique sculpture of the new' species, recalling somewhat that of a

Strigilla Turton, 1822. is highly distinctive and warrants separation of the taxon at the subgeneric

level. It is here tentatively assigned to Soyoniva Okutani, 1985, and is similar to C. kitrohijii Okutani,

1972, from Japan, which is a more inflated species (inflation/length ratio 0.60-0.63, instead of 0.50

in C. clathrata), with more protruding umbones and a continuous sculpture resulting in a divaricate

appearance.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin clathratus, latticed, with reference

to the highly distinct sculpture.

Halonympha leiomyoides (Poutiers. 1981)

Figs 84-87

Cuspidaria leiomyoides Poutiers. 1981: 349-350. pi. 3. figs 6-7.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom I: stn 50. 13°49' N. 120°02' E. 415-510 m, 1

db (holotype). 1 v (paratype) (mnhn).

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality.

Description. - Shell globular, thin and translucent,

whitish, equivalve. Inequilateral, rounded anteriorly and

drawn out posteriorly in a short, trigonal blunt rostrum.

Sculpture of low concentric ridges that are more densely set

ventrally and fading out on posterior half of valves. Perios¬

tracum translucent and iridescent. Internal ligament fitting in

each valve in an oblique, ventrally protruding resilifer. Right

valve with a posteriorly recurved anterior cardinal tooth,

bordered on anterior and posterior dorsal margins by a faint

lateral ridge. Left valve with a small pointed posterior lateral

tooth. A raised oblique ridge under posterodorsal margin of

each valve. Interior of shell shiny, with an irregular tiny

granulation. Length 9.0 mm.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

129

Figs 55-65. — Cuspidariidae 55-56, Cardiomya (Kurodamya) fortisculpta, Tosa Bay. Japan (mnhn, Coll. Staadt 1969),

L = 13.1 mm, dorsal view of right valve (55). exterior of left valve (56). — 57-58. Cardiomya alcocki, mijsorstom 2:

stn 25, L = 18.2 mm. dorsal view of right valve (57), exterior of left valve (58). 59-60, Cardiomya gouldiana.

musorstom 1: stn 58, L = 14.0 mm, interior of right valve (59), exterior of left valve (60). — 61. Cuspidaria nobilis,

MUSORSTOM 2: stn 71, L = 51.7 mm. exterior of left valve. 62-65, Cuspidaria (Soyomya) clathrata sp. nov., " Vauban "

1978-79: stn 42. holotype. L = 17.4 mm, interior of right valve (62), exterior of right valve (63). exterior of left valve

(64). interior of left valve (65).

Source : MNHN, Paris

130

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Cardiomya alcocki (E. A. Smith, 1894)

Figs 57-58

Cuspidaria alcocki E. A. Smith. 1894: 170. pi. 5. fig. 8.

Synonyms:

Cuspidaria /Cardiomya) polii Sturany, 1901: 264. pi. 1. figs 10-16.

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) persculpta Prashad. 1932: 332. pi. 7, fig. 44.

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) mullicarinata Prashad. 1932: 332. pi. 7~ figs 45-46.

Material examined. - Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 25. 13°39.5' N. 120°42.9' E. 520-550 m

1 db.

Indonesia, corindon: stn 281. 1°59'S. 119°09.9'1

Distribution. — Indo-Pacific, Red Sea.

60-1150 m.

Description. Shell thin, fragile, ovate, inflated, sube-

quivalve; left valve slightly larger, more inflated than right.

Rostrum short, recurved, with obscure radial riblets. Sculp¬

ture of disc with radial riblets increasing in number towards

ventral margin, and a few strong radial ribs on posterior

715-800 m, 1 db.

northern Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia, in

slope. Concentric ornementation of numerous fine lirae.

Resilifer narrow, subvertical. Right valve with a strong

elongate posterior lateral tooth. Interior with main external

ribbing showing through. Length 22.5 mm.

Remarks. — Cardiomya alcocki is usually considered a rather variable species and exhibits a

somewhat discrepant radial sculpture on the disc. Knudsen (1967). following Melvill & Standen’s

(1907) suggestion, synonymized the Red Sea species C. potli under Smith’s name. Habf. (1964. 1977,

1981) merged with C. alcocki the Japanese C. fordsculpta (Kuroda, 1948) and the Southeast" Asian

C. persculpta . C. mullicarinata and C. semicostata (all of Prashad, 1932). However, C. fortisculpta,

erected as the type of subgenus Kurodamya by Okutani & Sakurai (1964: 25), can be considered

a valid species restricted to Japan. It is easily distinguishable from the above-mentioned forms by its

sculpture being completely devoid of radial elements on the anterior slope, and by its especially short,

strongly protruding posterior lateral tooth in the right valve. A specimen from Tosa Bay (Shikoku)

is figured here for comparison (Figs 55-56). Following Okutani & Sakurai (1964: 26), C.

semicostata is a distinct species also referable to Kurodamya ; it is characterized by its very short

rostrum and radial sculpture restricted to the posterior third of shell.

Cardiomya gouldiana (Hinds, 1843)

Figs 59-60

Neaera gouldiana Hinds. 1843: 77.

Synonyms:

Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) gouldiana septentrionalis Kuroda, 1948: 18 pi 2 fie 12

Cardiomya lindbergi Scarlato, 1972: 125, figs 14-16.

Cardiomya lindbergi batialis Scarlato. 1972: 126, figs 17-19.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom I: stn 58, 13°58.5'N, 120°14' E, 143-178 m,

1 db.

,, , D|STRIBUTI0N- — Indonesia, the Philippines, South China Sea. Yellow Sea and Japan Sea, in

13-1030 m.

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

131

Description. — Shell small, obliquely ovate, inequivalve;

left valve somewhat larger, more inflated. Rostrum rather

short. central, slightly recurved, with concentric lirae. Sculp¬

ture of a dozen or more strong, sharp radial ribs, slightly

more developed in the right valve. Interspaces of ribs with

regular concentric lirae. Resilifer small. Right valve with a

strong, triangular posterior lateral tooth. Length 14.0 mm.

Remarks. — This species is similar to C. singaporensis (Hinds, 1843) but is proportionately

thinner, with less tumid umbones and more delicate radial ridges.

My oner a dautzenbergi Prashad. 1932

Figs 53-54

Myonera dautzenbergi Prashad, 1932: 334. pi. 7, fig. 51.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 2: stn 81, 13°35.3'N, 121° 01.3' E, 856-

884 m, 4 spins.

Indonesia, corindon: stn 280, 1059' S, 1 19°09.9' E, 715-800 m, 4 spins, 3 db, 3 v.

Distribution. — Indo-Pacific, from southern Indonesia to the Philippines and Japan

(Okutani, 1968, 1976), in 715-959 m.

Description. Shell relatively large, thin, inflated ovate,

inequilateral. Left valve slightly larger, deeper, overlapping

right along ventral margin. Umbones prominent, incurved,

pointing behind midlength of shell. Anterior margin rounded.

Rostrum broad, short, slightly recurved dorsally, compres¬

sed, set off from disc by a well-marked radial fold. Sculpture

of numerous fine concentric striae, some raised in low

undulations anteriorly. Surface of rostrum quite smooth.

Periostracum adherent, straw-coloured, somewhat thickened

towards margins, wrinkled on posterior end. Internal liga¬

ment oblique, with a thin lithodesma. Resilifer narrow,

posteriorly directed. Interior of valves milky while, with the

external sculpture showing through. Length 20.8 mm.

Remarks. — This species has a somewhat variable outline and shows a slight allometry of

growth, the height/length ratio tending to increase in large specimens.

Contrary to Habe’s opinion (1981: 193, 195), Myonera dautzenbergi is not identical with M.

dispar (Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938), which has two radiating keels between the rostrum and the

disc, and strong concentric undulations extending over the whole disc. Rather curiously, Bernard el

al. (1993: 1 18-119) repeated Habe’s error and recorded M. dautzenbergi under two different generic

names (namely Cuspidaria and Myonera). They also gave different synonymic and biogeographical

data for these two denominations of the same species.

Myonera rostra sp. nov.

Figs 51-52

Type material. — Holotype left valve, mnhn.

Type locality. — Philippines, musorstom 2, stn 40. 13°08' N. 122°40.2' E, 280-440 m.

Material examined. — Only known from the type material.

Distribution. Only known from the type locality.

Description. Shell extremely thin, inflated, triangular,

inequilateral, the postumbonal part forming about 60% of

total length. Umbo large, rounded, prominent. Anterodorsal

margin slightly convex, abruptly sloping towards the rounded

anterior margin. Posterodorsal margin oblique, somewhat

flexuous. Ventral margin broadly convex, with a slight

sinuosity on its rostral side. Rostrum broad, compressed,

wedge-shaped, rounded posteriorly. Rostrum set off from

disc by a strong, narrow radial ridge. Sculpture of the disc of

strong, distant concentric ribs, fading out towards the

132

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIF.RS & PRANK R. BERNARD

anterodorsa! margin and extending posteriorly to the umbo-

noventral ridge. Rostrum with a wide sulcus bordering the

radial ridge, well marked towards the umbo, shallower near

ventral margin. Surface of shell polished, with many fine

concentric lines, translucent white under an adherent, straw-

coloured periostracum. Hinge edentate, thin shelled, slightly

upturned under the umbo, with a well-developed ligament in

a long, narrow, oblique furrow. Interior of shell glossy, with

the external sculpture showing through. Muscle scars indis¬

tinct. Margins smooth, apart from the shallow flexure on

ventral side of rostrum.

Measurements: Length 13.4 mm: height 10.9 mm; inflation

(one valve) 4.8 mm. The single specimen consisted of a set of

valves with remains of soft parts. The right valve was

fragmented according to F. R. Bernard and has been subse¬

quently lost, so that the description and measurements are

based only on the remaining left valve.

Remarks. — This new species is very similar to M. garret ti Dali, 1908, and M. mexicana

Knudsen, 1970. two closely related eastern Pacific species. However, both American species are

devoid of the radial furrow bordering the umbonoventral ridge of rostrum and are less inequilateral.

Myonera mexicana is also more elongate, with a height/length ratio of 0.70 (fide Knudsen, 1970; 135)

instead of 0.81 in the present species. In M. garret ti, the concentric ribs do not reach the

umbonoventral ridge, are indistinct on the central part of the disc (as shown in Bernard, 1974: pi. 19

fig- 1 ) and less numerous for a same shell length, whereas in M. rostra they are continuous and more

numerous (about 24 in number instead of 15 in M. garretti).

Myonera rostra bears a general resemblance to Cuspidaria undata (Verrill, 1884) of the Atlantic

and Indian oceans. However, the latter is easily distinguishable by a more rounded outline, hinge

teeth on right valve (Knudsen, 1970: 137; Poutiers, 1984: 288) and the absence of radial ridge

between rostrum and disc.

The shell erroneously figured by Habe (1981: pi. 8, fig. 4) as M. daulzenbergi is in fact another

species identical or very similar to M. rostra.

Etymology. — The specific name alludes to the well-developed rostral side of the shell.

Myonera (Rengea) caduca (E. A. Smith, 1894)

Fig. 50

Cuspidaria (Myonera) caduca E. A. Smith. 1894: 170. pi. 5. figs 9-10.

Synonym:

Myonera fluctuosa Kuroda, 1948: 25. pi. 2, fig. 20.

Material examined. — New Caledonia. " Vauban " 1978-79: stn 42, 22°08' S 1 67°04' E

230-260 m, 1 v.

Distribution. - Indo-Pacific, from Southeast Africa to New Caledonia and South China Sea

to Honshu, Japan, in 50-1134 m.

Description. Shell thin, white, inequilateral, elongate-

ovate, with a long, broad, ventral, laterally compressed

rostrum. Umbones not prominent, posteriorly inclined, in

front of midlength of shell. Anterodorsal margin rounded,

posterodorsal margin recurved. Ventral margin broadly ar¬

cuated. slightly sinuate posteriorly. Rostrum' with two fine

ridges diverging from umbo to the truncate posterior end of

shell. Sculpture of irregularly concentric ridges and lirae.

Resilifer subvertical, protruding under umbo.'Hinge feeble,

edentate. Outer concentric wavy sculpture visible from the

inner side of shell. Length 30.5 mm.

Remarks. - Bernard et al. (1993: 118-119) erroneously recorded Myonera caduca twice in

their catalogue of the living marine bivalves of China; once under Cuspidaria and once under Rengea.

Under these two denominations of the same species, they provided different bathymetric, substrate,

and geographic distributional data.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

133

Family Poromyidae

Poromya (Cetomya) butoni (Prashad, 1932)

Figs 77-78

Poromya (Cetoconcha) butoni Prashad. 1932: 327, pi. 7. figs 33-34.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 26, 14°00'N 120°17'E 189 m

1 spm. — Stn 31, 14‘W N, 120°17.5' E, 187-195 m, 1 db. - Stn 34, 13°59.5' N, 120° 17 5' E 188-

191 m, 1 db. — Stn 61, 14°01' N, 120°17.5' E, 124-129 m, 1 db. — Stn 72 14°12 5' N 120°29' E 12?-

127 m, 1 spm. — Stn 73, 14°16' NT 120°31.5' E, 70-76 m, 1 db

musorstom 2: stn 19, 14°00.6' N, 120° 17.4' E, 189-192 m, 1 spm, 1 db. — Stn 26 13°49'N

120°50.3'E, 299-320 m, 1 db. — Stn 59, 14°00.4'N, 120° 17' E, 186-190 m, 1 spm — Stn 72

14°00.4'N, 120° 18.6' E, 182- 197 m, 1 v. P ’

Distribution. — Western Pacific, Indonesia and the Philippines, in 70-535 m

Description. Shell rather small, whitish to hyaline,

inequilateral, slightly rostrate, subtruncate posteriorly. Ine-

quivalve, right valve somewhat overlapping left at margins.

Umbones prominent, situated in front of midlength of shell.

Surface iridescent, sculpture of many rows of minute granu¬

les, mostly retained on shell periphery. Ligament mainly

external, stretching along posterodorsal margin. Hinge feeble,

a little strengthened under umbones, completely edentate in

both valves. Interior glossy, with faint concentric growth

undulations. Length 13.0 mm.

Remarks. — Poromya butoni is completely edentate and has no trace of a cardinal tooth in

right valve. The observation [by J.-M. P.] of the soft parts of a preserved specimen in mnhn

(musorstom 1: stn 26) has shown that, in this species, the septum has two pairs of ostial openings.

Then. P. butoni is not a Cetoconcha and instead belongs in the subgenus Cetomya. This doesn't brina

P. (Cetomya) butoni in secondary homonymy with P. (Dermatomva) buttoni (Dali, 1916b) under

Article 58 of the Code of Nomenclature (dealing with single or double consonants), because the two

names are evidently not of the same origin and meaning: the epithet butoni is derived from Buton

Strait, Banda Sea (the type locality of Prashad’s species); the eastern Pacific buttoni , is named in

honour of Mr Fred. L. Button, as indicated by Dall (1900a: 321; 1916a: 5, 22). Thus, Article 57f

is applicable, and the two names are not homonyms.

Poromya ( Cetomya) exirnia (Pelseneer, 1911)

Figs 74-75

Poromya exirnia Pelseneer. 1911: 78. pi. 26, figs 3-4.

Others references:

Poromya ( Cetoconcha ) exirnia - Prashad, 1932: 327, pi. 7, figs 31-32.

Cetoconcha (exirnia var?) intermedia - Habe, 1952b: 158, pi. 21. figs 18-19.

Material examined. — Philippines, musorstom 1: stn 50, 13°49'N, 1 20°02' E, 415-510 m,

1 v.

musorstom 2: stn 25, 13°39.5' N, 120°42.9' E, 520-550 m, 3 spms. — Stn 39, 13°08'N, 122°36.3' E,

1030-1190 m, 1 spm. — Stn 44. 13°23.5' N, 122°20.6' E, 760-820 m, 1 db, 2 v. — Stn 46, 13°26.2' N,

1 22° 17.3' E, 445-520 m, 1 db. — Stn 75, 13°51.9'N, 120°30.1'E, 300-330 m, 1 v. — Stn 78,

13°49.5' N, 120°28.5' E, 441-550 m, 2 spms. — Stn 82, 13°47' N, 120°28.8' E, 550 m, 1 v.

134

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Figs 66-78. — Poromyidae 66-69 Cetoconcha boucheti sp. nov., musorstom 2: stn 75. holotype. L = 17.7 mm. exterior ol'

left valve (66), interior of right valve (67), interior of left valve (68). exterior of right valve (69). - 70-71 Cetoconcha

gloriosa, corindon: stn 208. L = 21.1 mm, exterior of left valve (70), interior of right valve (71). 72-73. Cetoconcha

ex‘gx‘1 sp. nov musorstom 2: stn 56. holotype. L = 6.0 mm, exterior of left valve (72), interior of right valve

r, r, , ,4 J<,ron'ya (Cetomya) eximia, musorstom 2: stn 25. L = 15.4 mm. interior of right valve (74): exterior

ol leit valve (75). 76. Cetoconcha japonica, " Vauban ” 1978-79: stn 9, L = 7.9 mm. exterior of right valve. - 77-78

Poromya ( Cetomya) hutom, musorstom 1: stn 26. L = 1 1.0 mm, exterior of left valve (77). interior of right valve (78)'

Source . MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

135

~ Distribution. Indo-Pacific, off East Africa, Flores Sea, the Philippines and South China

Sea to Honshu Japan, in 300-1190 m. Poromya intermedia (Habe, 1952) is said to be a local form

of this species, living in Japan in 50-200 m.

Description. — Shell inequilateral, highly inflated,

rhomboidal-ovate, with a short, broad posterior rostration.

Right valve slightly overlapping left along ventral and

posterodorsal margins. Umbones much inflated, prominent

strongly incurved, prosogyrate. Posterior side laterally

compressed, with a shallow, indistinct depression radiating

from umbo to posteroventral margin, where it appears as a

faint sinus. A small ridge, more distinct on the right valve,

extending along posterodorsal margin. Sculpture of concen¬

tric growth lines and striae, and easily eroded radial rows of

granules, most developed posteriorly. Shell whitish under a

pale dull brown periostracum. becoming irregularly wrinkled

postero vent rally. Ligament short, visible from the outside

Hinge margin narrow, slightly upturned, thickened under

umbones. Left valve edentate. Cardinal tubercle of right valve

reduced to absent. Interior of shell pearly white, smooth, with

a rounded ridge corresponding to the eternal umbonoventral

depression. Length 15.7 mm.

Remarks. — This species is well characterized by its plump shape and broad posterior

rostration. It is somewhat variable in outline and hinge features, with a more or less expanded

posterior rostration and a sometimes completely edentate right valve.

u C^trary to the opinion of Bernard et al. ( 1 993), which followed that of Prashad ( 1 932) and

Habe (1952b 1977, 1981), P. exuma cannot belong to Cetoconcha, as it has only two pairs of septal

openings with crossed filaments and interfilaments. Those features of the septum, investigated bv

Pelseneer (1911: 78) and Knudsen (1967: 305), have been also observed on a dried specimen of the

present material (musorstom 2: stn 25). Considering its ligament and hinge characters, P eximia is

best refered to the subgenus Cetomya.

Cetoconcha houcheti sp. nov.

Figs 66-69

Type material. Holotype db and 1 paratype v, mnhn.

Type locality. — Philippines, musorstom 2, stn 75, 13°51.9'N, 120°30.1'E, 300-330 m

Material examined. — Only known from the type material.

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality.

Description. - Shell thin, hyaline, inflated, trigonal-

ovate, subequivalve. right valve slightly deeper. Strongly

inequilateral, rounded anteriorly, produced and rostrate

posteriorly. Umbones slightly prosogyrate. about midlenuth

of shell, not very prominent. Anterodorsal margin oblique,

regularly rounded; posterodorsal margin sloping, nearly

straight, abruptly truncate at posterior end. Ventral margin

broadly convex, a little more arcuate near the posterior

truncation. Posterior slope of shell laterally compressed,

giving a gently concave outline in dorsal view. Sculpture of

concentric lines and striae, and of densely set pustules in

irregular concentric and radial rows, most abundant near

lateral and ventral margins. In addition, there is a fine

umbonoventral radial cord, reinforced by periostracal exten¬

sions near posteroventral shell margin. Outer surface oily

iridescent. Periostracum adherent, light ochre in colour,

becoming darker on periphery of valves. Ligament mainly

external, long and narrow, supported by a small thickening of

hinge margin under the umbones. Hinge feeble. Left valve

edentate, with slightly protruding anterior and posterior

margins. Right valve with a small, erect, cardinal denticle.

Interior polished, iridescent, with minute radial striae and

low concentric growth undulations. Muscle scars obscure.

Measurements: Length 17.7 mm. height 14.5 mm. inflation

1 1.3 mm.

Remarks. In the left valve of the holotype, a small transverse ridge can be seen on inner

side of the anterodorsal margin, at about one-third the distance from umbo to the anterior end. This

does not appear on the paratype, and must be considered merely as an individual variation.

From the other species of the genus, C. boucheti is distinguished by its characteristic outline

recalling somewhat that of a Macoma, with rounded anterior half and asymmetrically attenuated

posterior. It differs from C. exigua by its much larger size, a different posterior shape and more

crowded rows of pustules.

Etymology. — The specific epithet is named for Dr P. Bouchet.

Source .

136

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Cetoconcha exigua sp. nov.

Figs 72-73

Type material. — Holotype paired valves with traces of dried soft parts, mnhn.

Type locality. — Philippines, musorstom 2, stn 56, 13°54.1'N, 119°56.7'E, 970 m

Material examined. — Only known from the type material.

Distribution. — Only known from the type locality.

Description. — Shell small, thin, hyaline, ovate, subtrun¬

cate posteriorly. Umbones prosogyrate. anterior to midlength

of shell, prominent. Anterodorsal margin steeply sloping,

evenly curved. Anterior and ventral margins rounded, the

latter becoming somewhat flattened posteriorly. Posterodor-

sal margin oblique, shallowly curved, ending in a deep

posterior truncation. Outer surface moderately inflated, with

an obscure rounded keel extending from umbo to postero-

ventral end and delimiting a slightly depressed, triangular

posterodorsal slope. Sculpture of radial rows of fine pustules,

more prominent posteriorly. Periostracum tenuous but adhe¬

rent. translucent, shiny pale yellow in colour. Ligament

mainly external, long and narrow, supported by a small

thickening of hinge margin under and behind the umbones.

Hinge feeble, edentate in left valve, with a small cardinal

tubercle in right valve. Interior smooth, faintly iridescent.

Measurements: Length 6.0 mm. height 5.4'mm. inflation

4.1 mm.

Remarks. By its relatively high and rostrate outline, C. exigua somewhat recalls Poromya

eximia , but it has a much less inflated shape and sparser pustules on the outer surface. Its cardinal

tubercle is also more prominent than that of P. eximia. It resembles the Atlantic C. braziliensis Allen

& Morgan, 1981, which has a similar shape but no umbonoposterior ridge, rays of granules restricted

to the posterior region, a less sharply truncate posterior margin, and a completely edentulous hinge

in the right valve.

Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin exiguus, meaning small and

scanty.

Cetoconcha gloriosa (Prashad, 1932)

Figs 70-71

Poromya (Cetoconcha) gloriosa Prashad, 1932: 326. pi. 7. figs 29-30,

Material examined. — Indonesia, corindon: stn 208, 0°14.6' S, 117°52' E, 150 m, 3 spms

Distribution. — Indonesia, East of Flores and Makassar Strait, New Guinea and South

China Sea (Bernard el a/., 1993), in 150-400 m.

Description. — Shell thin, rather elongate, elliptical-

ovate, with a widely rostrate, somewhat compressed posterior

end. Subequivalve, right valve slightly larger than left.

Umbones subcentral, prosogyrate, inflated, prominent.

Sculpture of concentric striae and numerous rows of minute

granules, denser on rostrum. Periostracum thin, adherent,

light straw in colour. Ligament opisthodetic, mainly external!

Hinge feeble, edentate in left valve, with a small cardinal

denticle in front of ligament in right valve. Interior glossy,

somewhat pearly. Length 21.1 mm.

Remarks. — The present material corresponds rather well with the original diagnosis of C.

gloriosa except for the shape of the rostral region, which appears less attenuate than on Prashad’s

ngures. It is thus with some misgiving that these specimens are identified with Prashad’s species.

A complete but dead shell of C. gloriosa has also been reported by Kilburn (1973: 577) from

‘ atal waters, in 35 m depth. However, description of its hinge leaves doubt about the identity of this

torm and suggests it belongs to a different species.

Source .

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

137

Figs 79-87. 79-80. Euciroidae: Euciroa irapeza. ” Vauban " 1978-79: stn 40. paratype. L = 42.0 mm. exterior of left valve

(79), interior of right valve (80). 81-82. Verticordiidae: Halicardia philippinensis, musorstom 1: stn 44, L = 16.2 mm.

interior of right valve (81), exterior of left valve (82). 83. Cuspidariidae: Cuspidaria lubangensis, musorstom 1: stn

63. holotype. L = 19.5 mm. exterior of right valve. — 84-87. Cuspidariidae: Halonympha leiomyoides, musorstom I:

stn 50. holotype. L = 9.0 mm. exterior of left valve (84), interior of left valve (85), interior of right valve (86), exterior

of right valve (87).

138

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Cetoconcha japonica Ha be, 1952

Fig. 76

Cetoconcha japonica Habe. 1952b: 159. pi. 22, figs 2-4.

Material examined. — New Caledonia. “Vauban” 1978-79: stn 9, 22°20' S, 167° 10' E.

175-200 m, 1 v.

Distribution. — Japan, Hokkaido to Shikoku, in 200-650 m (Habe, 1977); also in Izu

Peninsula, Honshu, in 60-120 m (Okutani & Matsukuma, 1982). New Caledonia in 175-200 m

(dead).

Description. — Shell ovate to elongate. Umbones slightly

in front of midlength of valves. Translucent, thin, fraizile at

juvenile stages; becoming thicker, covered with a velvety,

brownish periostracum and attaining a rather large size for

the genus (up to 37.5 mm length, fide Habe. 1964). Outer

surface with numerous minute pustules. A small cardinal

tooth present in front of ligament in right valve.

Remarks. — It is with some misgiving that this small damaged right valve (length: 7.9 mm)

is identified with C. japonica. Cetoconcha japonica was first noted as Cetoconcha sp. (Habe, 1952a:

274) and described as a new species later in the same year. Anatomy is not known.

CLASSIFICATION

GENERAL REMARKS

Jhe S0',(fa!Led sePt*branchiate bivalves, currently assigned to the Anomalodesmata (Keen.

1969; Habe, 1977; Vokes, 1980; Boss, 1982) or to several orders (Nevesskaia et al. 1971-

Starobogatov, 1977, 1992; Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1978, 1979, 1983, 1985; this paper) are. as

ar as known exclusively carnivorous with unique features of their alimentary canal and feeding style

(Yonge, 1928; Purchon, 1956, 1987, 1990; Morton, 1981a, b, 1985c, 1987), and free proteolytic

enzymes are present in the stomach (Reid, 1977). Although a few benthic Foraminifera, spicules and

detrita material may be found in the stomach, the muco-ciliary system necessary for suspension and

detntal Reding 1S absent or vestigial, and septibranchs are not likely to be partially carnivorous as

suggested by Nakazima (1967).

The analysis of dietary records (Knudsen, 1967, 1970; Bernard, 1974; Krylova 1989) and

study of functional anatomy strongly suggest that cuspidariids feed mainly on swimming prey while

poromyids and verticordiids catch bottom-dwelling prey (Morton, 1987). Prey capture has been

observed in Cuspidaria by Reid & Reid (1974), and in Cardiomya by Reid & Crosby (1980) It is

not simply ascomphshed by aspiration, but utilizes the protrusion of the inhalant siphon, effected by

a complex muscular and haemocoel system. Poromya is thought to use a large raptorial hood formed

y the eversible, inhalant siphon (Morton, 1981a). In verticordiids, prey capture has been incorrectlv

ascribed to sticky tentacles (Allen & Turner, 1974), but these have been revealed to be only

sensory and not glandular. The mechanism of capture seems rather to depend on the eversion of a

snort conical siphon or of a raptorial hood (Morton, 1985a, 1987).

Recent progress, particularly in the functional anatomy, makes necessary a re-evaluation of

the systematics of the group. Early workers associated verticordiids. poromyids and cuspidariids in

a continuous series ol modifications from typically eulamellibranch to entirely gill-less forms but the

new data rather suggest that similarities are the consequence of adaptation to macrophagy

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

139

(Salvini-Plawen, 1980; Bernard, 1983; Morton, 1985c). However, the origin of the septum is still

uncertain the gill origin school (Pelseneer, 1888a, b. 1891) and the pallial origin school (Dall,

1886a, b. 1888) still have adherents — , and this issue may be finally resolved only by embryologicai

studies (Yonge, 1947). The discovery of cuspidariids with vestigial gills (Allen & Morgan, 1981)

does not alter the case. It suggests a progressive reduction of the gills and concurrent formation of

the septum. But, while innervation of the septum of Cardiomya is distinctly of mantle origin (Plate,

1897; Bernard. 1974), it is likely, as suggested by Morton (1981b), that the development of the

septum involved a significant pallial element and may be derived from the taenioid muscles present

in Parilimyia (Morton, 1981a, 1982). The family Parilimyidae of the superfamily Pholadomyoidea,

while not septibranch, has so many parallel adaptations and so prefigures the superfamilies

Verticordioidea and Cuspidarioidea, that it should be included as a potential root lineage.

The following synopsis of classification, based on an original frame elaborated by F.R.

Bernard, considers septibranchs as representative of two orders of the subclass Anomalodesmata.

As proposed by Runnegar (1974), cuspidariids are not thought to be related to the

poromyids, and the discovery of Protocuspidaria by Allen & Morgan (1981) shows them to be

unrelated to the protobranchs (Purchon 1956, 1960, 1963; Bernard 1974). The poromyids have a

significantly different statocyst structure (Morton, 1985b) and are placed in the order Poromyoida.

In a short paper overlooked by F. R. Bernard. Scarlato & Starobogatov (1983) proposed

a new classification of septibranchiate bivalves, mainly based on the structure of septum. A free

translation of this paper is given in Appendix 2. Its major difference with other classifications, is a

proliferation of family-group or higher-rank taxa. many of which are new. Although the usage of

several ordinal taxa can reflect the probable polyphyletic nature of septibranchs, and while some of

the divisions may prove to be useful, many of them seem presently unwarranted. This agrees with the

conclusions of Maxwell (1988), who discussed a classification of the Protobranchia established by

the same authors. Their system of Septibranchia, which incorporates some of the oldest and most

questionable bivalve-like fossils currently known as the Rostroconcha (Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976),

so greatly differs from the classification expressed in the present paper that it has not been attempted

to reconcile the two. Only new genera proposed by Scarlato & Starobogatov are tentatively

included here, because it did not alter the original frame of classification.

SYNOPSIS OF CLASSIFICATION

Subclass Anomalodesmata Dali, 1889 [nom. trails/, et correct. Keen, 1963]

Order Pholadomyoida Newell, 1965

Superfamily Pholadomyoidea Gray, 1847 [nom. transl. Newell, 1965]

Family Parilimyidae Morton, 1982

Genus Parilimya Melvill & Standen, 1899

Genus Panacea Dall, 1905

= Aporema Dall, 1903, non Scudder, 1890 (Insecta; Capsidae)

Genus Nipponopanacca Habe, 1977

Superfamily Verticordioidea Stoliczka, 1871 [nom. transl. Bernard, 1974]

Family Verticordiidae Stoliczka, 1871

Genus Verticordia J. de C. Sowerby, 1844

= Hippagus Philippi 1844, non Lea, 1833 (Mytilidae); Hippella Dall, 1903, non Morch, 1861

(Condylocardiidae); Iphigenia Costa, 1850, non Schumacher, 1817 (Donacidae)

Genus Pecchiolia Savi & Meneghini, 1851 (fossil: Caenozoic)

Genus Vertambitus Iredale, 1930

Genus Simplicicordia Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

Genus Trigonulina d'Orbigny, 1846

140

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Genus Spinosipella Iredale, 1930

Genus Haliris Dali, 1886b

Subgenus Haliris s. s.

Subgenus Setaliris Iredale, 1930

Subgenus Vertisphaera Iredale, 1930

Genus Halicardia Dali, 1895b

= Halicardissa Dali, 1913; Haloconcha Dali, 1900b nom. null.

Genus Kurinuia Marwick. 1942 (fossil: Paleogene)

Family Lyonsiellidae Dali. 1895a

= Policordiidae Scarlato, 1981

Genus Policordia Dali, Bartsch & Rehder. 1938

Subgenus Policordia s. s.

= Latebranchia Ivanova in Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Subgenus Angustebranchia Ivanova in Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Subgenus Dallicordia Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Genus Laevicordia Seguenza, 1876a

Genus Lyonsiella G. 6. Sars, 1872

= Proagorina Iredale, 1930; Rectilyonsiella Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983; Allenicordia

Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983; ISpinolyonsiel/a Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Family Euciroidae Dali. 1895a

Genus Euciroa Dali, 1881

Genus Acreuciroa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931

Superfamily Cuspidarioidea Dali, 1886b [nom. transl. Scarlato & Starobogatov in Nevesskaia

et al., 1971]

Family Cuspidariidae Dali, 1886b

Genus Protocuspidaria Allen & Morgan, 1981

Subgenus Protocuspidaria s. s.

Subgenus Bident aria Allen & Morgan, 1981

Subgenus Edentaria Allen & Morgan, 1981

Genus Pseudoneaera Sturany, 1901

= Bendoneaera Cossmann, 1904, nom. null.; Jeffreysomya Nordsieck, 1969

Genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840

- Neaera Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834, non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Insecta-

Diptera); Aulacophora Jeffreys, 1882, non Chevrolat in Dejean, 1835 (Insecta: ColeopteraV

AUenineaera Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Subgenus Cuspidaria s. s.

Subgenus Rhinoclama Dali & Smith in Dali, 1886b

= Rhinomya A. Adams, 1864, non Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Insecta: Diptera)-

Austroneaera Powell, 1937

Subgenus Luzonia Dali & Smith in Dali, 1890

Subgenus Leiomya A. Adams, 1864

Subgenus Soyomya Okutani, 1985

Subgenus Tergulina Nosky, 1939 (fossil: Paleogene)

Subgenus Tropidomya Dali & Smith in Dali, 1886b

= Tropidophora Jeffreys, 1882, non Troschel, 1847 (Mollusca: Gastropoda); Gonio-

phora Jeffreys, 1883, non Phillips, 1848 (Modiomorphidae)

Subgenus Nordoneaera Okutani, 1985

Subgenus Vulcanomya Dali, 1886b

Genus Plectodon Carpenter, 1864

Genus Halonympha Dali & Smith in Dali, 1886b

Source .

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

141

Genus Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864

= Spathophora Jeffreys, 1882, non Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Insecta: Hemiptera)

Subgenus Cardiomya s. s.

Subgenus Bowdenia Dali, 1903 (fossil: Neogene)

Subgenus Kurodamya Okutani & Sakurai, 1964

Genus Bathyneaera Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

= Semicardiomya Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983; Labromysa Bernard, 1989

Genus Boriesia Doncieux, 1911 (fossil: Paleogene)

Genus Octoporia Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Genus Myonera Dali, 1886a

Subgenus Myonera s. s.

Subgenus Rengea Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

Genus Fabagella Cossmann, 1886 (fossil: Paleogene)

Order Poromyoida Pelseneer, 1906 [nom. correct. Newell, 1965]

Superfamily Poromyoidea Dali, 1886b [nom. transl. Dall, 1895a]

Family Poromyidae Dali, 1886b

Genus Poromya Forbes, 1844

= Embla Loven, 1846; Thetis H. Adams & A. Adams, 1856, non J. de C. Sowerbv, 1826

(Mactromyidae); Ectorisma Tate, 1892; Questimya Iredale, 1930

Subgenus Poromya s. s.

Subgenus Mioporomya Sacco, 1901 (fossil: Neogene)

Subgenus Dermatomya Dall, 1889

Subgenus Cetomya Dall, 1889

Genus Perlaporomya Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Genus Neaeroporomya Cossmann, 1886 (fossil: Paleogene)

Genus Pseudocuspidaria Eames, 1951 (fossil: Paleogene)

Genus Cymella Meek, 1864 (fossil: Cretaceous)

Genus Cetoconcha Dall, 1886b

= Silenia E.A. Smith, 1885, non Mulsant & Rey, 1874 (Insecta Coleoptera); Cribrosoconcha

Krylova, 1991

Genus Liopistha Meek, 1864 (fossil: Cretaceous)

= Psilomya Meek, 1876

DIAGNOSES OF SUPRASPECIFIC TAXA

In this section, diagnoses are only for taxa with Recent representatives. They include also the

pholadomyoid family Parilimyidae.

Order Pholadomyoida Newell, 1965

Superfamily Pholadomyoidea Gray, 1847

Family Parilimyidae Morton. 1982

Shell thin, equivalve, gaping at both ends. Sculpture radial, either feeble or strong.

Periostracum thin, usually with adherent sand grains. Ligament external, opisthodetic. Hinge plate

feeble, edentate or with an anterior tubercle. Pallial line with a moderately deep sinus.

Mantle lobes fused, with an anteroventral pedal gape and a fourth pallial aperture. Mantle

margins with arenophilic radial glands. Inhalant siphon very large, eversible; exhalant siphon small.

Taenioid muscles present. Foot rounded, elongate. Gills eulamellibranch, with reduced outer

142

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

demibranch. Labial palps short, ridged. Stomach features transitional between types II and IV

(Purchon, 1990). Midgut and style-sac conjoined. Intestine passing through the ventricle of heart.

Statocyst with a multicellular capsule of ciliated cells and a large free statolith within, either single

or associated with a number of small statoconia. Hermaphroditic.

Remarks: This family is included here because it has many of the adaptations shown by the

carnivorous groups. It is probably at least partly raptorial, and may be ancestral to the verticordiids

(Morton, 1981a, 1982, 1987).

Superfamily Verticordioidea Stoliczka, 1871

Shell inflated, inequilateral, ovate to quadrate or trapezoidal, subequivalve. Outer surface

usually with radial sculpture, granulate to spinose, sometimes smooth. Ligament opisthodetic, with

resilium supported by a lithodesma. Hinge variable, feeble and edentate to more or less thickened,

with cardinal and lateral elements. Interior of valves nacreous. Microstructure of shell with prismatic

outer, lenticular nacreous middle, and sheet nacre inner layers.

Mantle lobes fused, with a variable pedal opening and arenophilic radial glands on margins.

Inhalant and exhalant apertures usually with short siphonal apparatus, surrounded by large sensory

tentacles. Foot digitiform or laterally compressed, often weakly byssate in adult. Septum diaphanous,

with reduced eulamellibranch gills. Labial palps mostly small; lips enlarged as an oral funnel.

Stomach very muscular, of type II. Two ducts to the digestive diverticula. Midgut and style-sac

conjoined. Intestine passing through the ventricle of the heart. Statocyst with a large multicellular

capsule of ciliated cells and a single free statolith within. Hermaphroditic.

Family Verticordiidae Stoliczka, 1871

Shell ovate to trapezoidal, generally with a conspicuous radial sculpture and a well-demarcated

lunule. Outer surface frequently granulate or spinose. Hinge with at least a cardinal tubercle in right

valve.

Gills reduced. Foot digitiform, often byssate. Labial palps reduced.

Genus Verticordia J. de C. Sowerby, 1844

Type species (by monotypy): Hippagus? cardiiformis J. de C. Sowerby, 1844. Pliocene, Northern

Europe.

Shell inflated, rather solid, usually granulate, pustulate or spinose. Umbones prosogyrate,

prominent. Sculpture often with radial riblets or plications. Lunule large, deeply impressed. Hinge

plate with a hooked cardinal tubercle in right valve, occasionally with posterior lateral tooth.

Included species; australiensis E. A. Smith, bordaensis, expansa, granulifera, guineensis,

inornata , monosteira, perversa , quadrat a, seguenzae, tenerrima, woodi.

Genus Vertambitus Iredale, 1930

Type species (OD); Verticordia vadosa Hedley, 1907a. Recent, Australia.

Shell rather compressed, with prominent umbones. Sculpture of feeble wide radial riblets and

rows of pustules on entire surface. Hinge heavy, with at least a strong cardinal tooth in right valve.

Included species: affinis, cuneatus, excoriatus, torridus, triangularis , vadosus.

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

143

Genus Simpucicordia Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda. Habe & Oyama, 1971

Type species (OD): Thyasira trigonaia Yokoyama, 1922. Pleistocene to Recent, Japan.

Shell small, thin, inflated, subtrigonal. Umbones prosogyrate, not prominent. Anterodorsal

margin concave; posterodorsal margin convex. Surface minutely granulated. Sculpture of feeble

concentric irregular riblets, corrugating the interior of the shell. No radial sculpture. Hinge plate

feeble, with an obscure cardinal denticle in right valve.

Included species: trigonaia.

Genus Trigonulina d'Orbigny, 1846

Type species (by monotypy): Trigonulina ornata d’Orbigny. 1846. Recent, Caribbean.

Shell rather compressed, solid. Radial ribs prominent, irregularly spaced, crenulating the

ventral shell margin. Lunule deeply impressed. Right valve with a stout, posteriorly recurved cardinal

tooth, and a long socket to accomodate the posterior lateral tooth of the opposite valve. Interior

brilliantly nacreous.

Included species: hancocki, ornata.

Genus Spinosipella I redale, 1930

Type species (OD): Verticordia ericia Hedley, 1911. Recent, Indo-Pacific.

Shell inflated, solid, with strongly enrolled, prosogyrate umbones overhanging the lunule.

Sculpture of prominent, radial ribs crenulating the ventral shell margin. Lunule small, deeply

invaginated. Outer surface densely granulate to spinose. Hinge of right valve with a strong cardinal

tooth. Left valve usually with a smaller corresponding denticle.

Remarks: Usually treated as a subgenus in Verticordia. but the near absence of lunule and hinge

features support its separation.

Included species: acuticostata, costeminens, deshayesiana, ericia.

Genus Haliris Dali, 1886b

Type species (OD): Verticordia fischeriana Dali, 1881. Recent, Caribbean.

Shell inflated, finely granulate, with small and regular radial ribs, or with obsolete sculpture.

Hinge usually with cardinal tubercles and posterior lateral teeth in both valves, more developed in

the right.

Subgenus Haliris s. s.

Shell solid, sculpture with wide radial riblets. Lunule shallow. Hinge plate strong; right valve

with a stout cardinal tooth and a lateral ridge under posterodorsal margin; left valve with a minute

144

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

ephemeral cardinal tubercle and a small posterior lateral tooth. Inner ventral margin of valves

crenulated.

Included species: berenicensis, crebrilirata, fischeriana , granulata, jaffaensis, lamothei, multi-

costata, spinosa, teporis.

Subgenus Setaliris Iredale. 1930

Type species (OD): Verticordia setosa Hedley, 1907a. Recent, New Zealand.

Shell small, solid, quadrate, with numerous radial riblets and intercalated concentric striae.

Lunule shallow. Hinge with cardinal and lateral teeth in both valves. Ventral shell margin crenulate,

somewhat flexuous.

Included species: accessa , pygmaea, setosa.

Subgenus Vertisphaera Iredale, 1930

Type species (OD): Vertisphaera cambrica Iredale, 1930. Recent. Australia.

Shell thin, sculpture obsolete. Lunule depressed. Hinge plate feeble, right valve with an

obscure cardinal tooth. Inner ventral margin of shell smooth.

Remarks: Frequently placed as a subgenus in Verticordia , the hinge shows it to be referable to Hali-

ris.

Included species: cambrica.

Genus Haucardia Dali, 1895b

Type species (OD): Mytilimeria flexuosa Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1881. Recent, North Atlantic.

Shell large for the group, inflated. Radial sculpture developed either as ribs or strong to feeble

plications and furrows, scalloping the ventral shell margin. Outer surface with small granules. Lunule

small, deeply impressed. Hinge plate feeble, right valve with a small to obsolete cardinal tooth.

Visceral mass with an opisthopodium posterior to the foot.

Remarks: The separation of Halicardissa Dali, 1913 (type species: Verticordia perplicata Dali, 1890)

does not seem to be warranted, neither on conchological nor on anatomical grounds.

Included species: angulata , carinifera, ferruginea, fischeri. flexuosa , gouldi. houbricki, maoria,

nipponensis, perplicata, philippinensis, saharica.

Family Lyonsiellidae Dali, 1895a

Shell thin, inequilateral, suborbicular to quadrate, with a reduced sculpture. Lunule obscure.

Outer surface with or without granulations. Hinge edentate.

Gills reduced to absent. Foot digitiform, usually with a byssal groove. Labial palps small.

Source . MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

145

Genus Policordia Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938

Type species (OD): Policordia diomedea Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938. Recent, Hawaii.

Shell suborbicular to trapezoidal, usually with radiating lirae and concentric marks, often

somewhat reinforced by periostracum. Outer surface completely devoid of spines or granulations.

Gills variably reduced to absent.

Remarks: Ivanova (1977) divided Policordia into two new subgenera ( Angustebranchia and

Latebranchia), thereby extinguishing Policordia s. s. However, Ivanova originally failed to designate

type species for her two subgenera which are then unavailable, under Article 13b of the Code of

Nomenclature, whereas the species described as new in her work are available under Article 11, h,

iii, 1.

Subsequently, Ivanova made Angustebranchia and Latebranchia available (in Scarlato &

Starobogatov, 1983) as full genera, by the designation of type species and the explicit reference to

the diagnoses published in 1977. We agree with Scarlato & Starobogatov to consider that

Latebranchia is equivalent to Policordia s. s.

Subgenus Policordia s. s.

Inhalant aperture with one row of tentacles. Gills wide, fused posterior to the foot. Mouth

broad. Bathyal to abyssal.

Included species: atlantica, cordata, densicostata , diomedea, gemma , grandis, insolita, ivanovae ,

jeffreysi (Friele), lisbethae, murrayi, obliqueovata, olivacea, ovata, papyracea , pilula, radiata, subro-

tundala.

Subgenus Angustebranchia Ivanova in Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Type species (OD): Policordia (Angustebranchia) rectangulata Ivanova, 1977. Recent, Kurile-

Kamchatka Trench.

Inhalant aperture with two rows of tentacles. Gills narrow, free posterior to the foot. Mouth

narrow. Hadal.

Included species: extenta, laevigata, maculata, rectangulata.

Subgenus Dallicordia Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Type species (OD): Lyonsiella alaskana Dali, 1895b. Recent, East Pacific.

Inhalant aperture with one row of tentacles. Gills absent. Septum thin, with a few pairs of

small pores. Mouth large. Bathyal to abyssal.

Included species: alaskana, ochotica, uschakovi.

146

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Genus Laevicordia Seguenza, 1876a

Type species (subsequent designation by Soot-Ryen, 1966): Verticordia ( Laevicordia ) orbiculata

Seguenza, 1876a. Pliocene to Recent, Mediterranean.

Shell suborbicular, with fine granules and obscure radial striae. Hinge margin may be

somewhat thickened anteriorly. Gills moderately reduced.

Included species: abscissa, axinoides , frieli, galatheae , horrida, insculpta, orbiculata, pacifica,

sinuosa, smidti.

Genus Lyonsiella G. O. Sars, 1872

Type species (by monotypy): Pecchiolia abyssicola G. O. Sars, 1872. Recent, Arctic, North Atlantic.

Shell small, oval to subquadrate, generally with fine pustules or spines and radial striae. Hinge

plate feeble, edentate, but anterior of the left valve may be thickened. Inhalant siphon with

an eversible raptorial valvule. Taenioid muscles sometimes well developed. Gills moderately redu¬

ced.

Included species: abyssicola, agulhasensis, compressa, curta, formosa, fragilis, magnifica, parva,

perplexa, quadrata , quaylei, subquadrata.

Family Euciroidae Dali, 1895a

Shell usually thick, solid, with numerous radial riblets or striae. Outer surface finely pustulose

or spinose. Lunule weakly demarcated. Hinge plate robust, with variably developed lateral laminae

and one or two cardinal teeth. Interior of valves highly nacreous, radially striated.

Mantle margins strongly muscular. Gills with reduced outer demibranch. Foot late¬

rally compressed, without a byssal groove. Labial palps large, striated. Lips produced into lateral

bulbs.

Genus Euciroa Dali, 1881

Type species (by monotypy; genus name Euciroa cited in synonymy): Verticordia elegantissima Dali,

1881. Recent, Caribbean.

Shell ovate, inflated. Hinge of right valve with a strong, curved cardinal tooth, and usually a

posterior ridge. Left valve with a small cardinal tooth edging the resilifer, and often shallow lateral

laminae.

Included species: aethiopica, crassa, eburnea, elegantissima, galatheae, granifera, mediopacifi-

cal, millegemmata , pacifica, spinosa, trapeza.

Source . MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

147

Genus Acreuciroa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931

Type species (by monotypy): Euciroa (Acreuciroa) rostrata Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931. Recent,

Indo-Pacific.

Shell posteriorly produced, somewhat compressed. Right valve with a conical cardinal tooth.

Left valve nearly edentate.

Included species: rostrata.

Superfamily Cuspidarioidea Dali, 1886b

Shell inflated, strongly inequilateral, rounded to ovate anteriorly, rostrate posteriorly. Most of

the time slightly inequivalve, with left valve larger. Sculpture variable, often reduced to absent,

sometimes with radial or concentric elements. Outer surface with thin periostracum, generally smooth

(rarely granulate). Ligament sunken into a small resilifer, supported by a lithodesma. Hinge feeble,

edentate or with small cardinal tubercles and lateral ridges. Interior of valves porcelaneous!

Microstructure of shell with homogenous outer and inner layers.

Mantle lobes fused, with a small pedal opening. Inhalant and exhalant apertures with well

developed siphons united at their base and with seven prominent sensory tentacles. Exhalant siphon

short and eversible; inhalant siphon relatively large and forcefully extensible to capture swimming

prey. Foot digitiform, with a byssal groove. Adult not byssate. Gills generally absent. Septum usually

muscular, with a number of paired pores (usually four or five pairs of pores). Labial palps small,

flap-shaped (posterior palps cup-shaped, when developed). Stomach very muscular, of type II. Two

ducts to the digestive diverticula. Midgut and style-sac separated. Intestine passing through the

ventricle of the heart. Statocyst with a small capsule comprising a few swollen and microvillose cells,

and a large, ovate, not freely mobile statolith within. Dioecious.

Family Cuspidariidae Dali, 1886b

Characters same as for the superfamily.

Genus Protocuspidaria Allen & Morgan, 1981

Type species (OD): Protocuspidaria verityi Allen & Morgan, 1981. Recent, Atlantic.

Shell equivalve, rounded, laterally compressed; rostrum short, truncate. Hinge edentate, or

with anterior lateral tooth in one or both valves. Septum thin, membranous, with two longitudinal

rows of gill filaments but no muscle attachments to the shell. Posterior labial palps large, cup-shaped.

Remarks: This very interesting genus may represent a transitional stage in the development of the

gill-less cuspidariids (Allen & Morgan 1981). The division of the representatives into three

subgenera may be premature as the hinge dentition may be mutable.

Subgenus Protocuspidaria s. s.

Hinge of right valve with an anterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate.

Included species: verityi.

Source .

148

JEAN-MAUR1CE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Subgenus Bident aria Allen & Morgan, 1981

Type species (OD): Protocuspidaria ( Bidentaria ) atlantica Allen & Morgan, 1981. Recent, North

Atlantic.

Hinge of both valves with an anterior lateral tooth.

Included species: aequatorialisl, atlantica , colpodesl

Subgenus Edentaria Allen & Morgan, 1981

Type species (OD): Protocuspidaria (Edentaria) simplis Allen & Morgan, 1981. Recent, North

Atlantic.

Hinge of both valves edentate.

Included species: ruginosal, simplis, thomassini.

Genus Psevdoneaera Sturany, 1901

Type species (by monotypy): Pseudoneaera thaumasia Sturany, 1901. Recent, Red Sea.

Rostrum short, trigonal. Hinge of right valve with anterior and posterior cardinal teeth. Left

valve with an anterior cardinal tooth.

Included species: minor, periplomoidesl , semipellucida, tasmanical, thaumasia, trigonalisl,

truncata, wellmani.

Genus Cvspioaria Nardo, 1840

Type species (by monotypy): Cuspidaria typus Nardo, 1840 = Tellina cuspidata Olivi, 1792. Recent,

Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean.

Outline globular to ovate; rostrum variably developed, often prominent. Left valve slightly

more convex. Hinge teeth present, at least in the right valve. Septum muscular, usually with four or

five pairs of pores, with both anterior and posterior muscle attachments to the shell. Labial palps

small.

Remarks: The general arrangement of the genus depends on the type and presence of hinge teeth,

which seem rather mutable.

Subgenus Cuspidaria s. s.

Outer surface smooth or with concentric lirae. Rostrum often well developed. Hinge of right

valve with a posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate.

Included species: abyssopacifica, angasi, annandaleV., apodema, approximata, arctica, arcuata,

ascoldica, atlantica, azorical, barnardi, bicar inata, brachyrhynchus, braziliensisl, buccina, capensis,

Source .

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

149

chinensis, circinata , cochinensisl , concentrica, consociata, contracta, convexa Pelseneer, corrugata,

cowani , cuspidata, delli, dissociata, elegans, elliptical , erma, exarata , exigua, fairchildi, formosa,

fraterna , giganlea Prashad, glacialis, gracilis, guineensisl, haasi, halei, hawaiensis, hindsiana, hyalinal,

imbricata , infelix,japonica, Jeffrey si, jugosa Wood?, kerguetensis, kurodai, kyushuensis, lamellosa G. O.

Sars, latesulcata, lubangensis, macrorhynchus, maxima, media, meridionalis, microrhina , mitis,

morelandi, moriorial, morrisae, nasuta A. Adams, natalensis, nobilis, obesa, obtusirostris, occidua,

okezoko, optima, panamensis , papyrial, parapodema, parkeri, parva, palagonica, pellucida, platensis,

prolatissima, rosea, rostrata, sadoensis, semirostrata, solidula, sleindachneri, subglacialis, subtorta,

suganumai, sulcifera, tene/la, teramachii, tomlini, trailli, trigonal, truncatal, tuhua, turgida, undata,

variola, ventricosa, willetti, wollastonii.

Subgenus Rhinocluma Dali & Smith in Dali, 1886b

Type species (iczn Opinion 1376): Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) adamsi Morgan & Heppell in Allen &

Morgan, 1981. Recent, Philippines.

Rostrum moderately extended, with two radial ridges. Outer surface with fine concentric

striations. Hinge of right valve with triangular anterior and posterior lateral teeth. Left valve

edentate.

Remarks: The group was established as Rhinomya A. Adams, 1864, as a subgenus of Neaera, but was

preoccupied. Rhinoclama Dali & Smith (in Dali, 1886b) was proposed as a replacement name, but a

nomenclatural problem existed for a number of years, because the type species was a nomen nudum.

The result of an inadequate nomenclatural action by Stoliczka (1871) merged Luzonia Dali & Smith

(in Dali, 1890) as a synonym, although the differences between the two had already been quoted by

E. A. Smith (1885). The situation was finally regularized by Heppell & Morgan (1983) and Opinion

1376 of the iczn (1986).

Included species: abrupta, adamsi Heppell & Morgan, alta, aupouria, benthedii, brevirostris

Powell, dorsirecta, dubia Pelseneer, filatovae, ftnlayi, halimera , nitens, notabilis, raoulensis, rugata A.

Adams, similis, semistrigosa, simulans , teres, testai, valdiviae.

Subgenus Luzonia Dali & Smith in Dali, 1890

Type species (iczn Opinion 1376): Neaera philippinensis Hinds, 1843. Recent, Philippines.

Rostrum short, tapered, largely confluent with the disc. Hinge of right valve with an anterior

cardinal tooth, frequently twisted. Left valve edentate.

Remarks: Stoliczka (1871) designated Neaera phillipinensis (a lapsus for philippinensis) Hinds as the

type of Rhinomya, thereby merging Luzonia as an objective synonym. Thiele (1934), following the

brief diagnosis of E. A. Smith (1885), proposed Cuspidaria adamsi as a substitute name for Neaera

philippinensis “A. Adams” non Hinds, 1843. As this was a nomen nudum, its substitute has no

nomenclatural status. Heppell & Morgan (1983) reviewed the situation and showed that N.

philippinensis Hinds, 1843, is the type of Luzonia. This genus name has been validated by Opinion

1376 of the iczn (1986).

Included species: chilensis, philippinensis Hinds, simplex, walleri.

150

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Subgenus Leiomya A. Adams, 1864

Type species (by monotypy): Neaera adunca Gould, 1861. Recent, Japan.

Outer surface smooth. Rostrum short, trigonal. Hinge of both valves with an anterior cardinal

tooth, that of the right valve usually strongly bifid. Right valve also with an anterior and a posterior

lateral tooth.

Included species: adunca Gould, injlata.

Subgenus Soyomya Okutani, 1985

Type species (by monotypy): Cuspidaria kurohjii Okutani, 1972. Recent, Japan.

Rostrum short, wide. Outer surface with a complex oblique sculpture. Right valve with a

posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate.

Included species: clathrata, kurohijii.

Subgenus Tropidomya Dali & Smith in Dali, 1886b

Type species (by monotypy): Neaera abbreviata Forbes, 1843. Recent, Northeast Atlantic, Mediter¬

ranean.

Rostrum short, trigonal. A small anterior cardinal tooth in both valves.

Included species: abbreviata , diagonalis.

Subgenus Nordoneaera Okutani, 1985

Type species (by monotypy): Cuspidaria trosaetes Dali, 1925. Recent, Japan.

Shell stout, rostrum very short, with obscure boundary. Hinge of right valve with a posterior

lateral tooth. Left valve edentate.

Included species: trosaetes.

Subgenus Vulcanomya Dali, 1886b

Type species (by monotypy): Vulcanomya smithii Dali, 1886b = Neaera adunca “Gould” E. A. Smith,

1885 (non Gould, 1861).

Rostrum short, trigonal. Hinge of right valve with a short trigonal lateral tooth on either side

of the resilifer. Left valve with a tiny double notch in the anterior dorsal margin.

Included species: smithii.

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

151

Genus Plectodon Carpenter, 1864

Type species (OD): Plectodon scaber Carpenter, 1864, Recent, East Pacific.

Outer surface dull, usually granulate. Anterodorsal margin of valves spirally incurved. Hinge

of right valve with elongate, reflected anterior and posterior lateral teeth. Left valve edentate. Septum

relatively thin, with generally five pairs of pores, and both anterior and posterior muscle shell

attachments. Labial palps small.

Remarks: This genus has been frequently but erroneously listed as a subgenus of Leiomya. It is

treated as a subgenus of Cuspidaria by Allen & Morgan (1981).

Included species: brazieri, granulatus, ligula, scaber.

Genus Halonympha Dali & Smith in Dali, 1886b

Type species (OD): Neaera claviculata Dali, 1881. Recent, West Central Atlantic.

Shell ovate; rostrum merged with disc. Hinge of right valve with a small knob-like cardinal

tooth. A raised oblique buttress or ridge along the posterodorsal margin of either valve. Septum with

more than five pairs of pores, without posterior dorsal attachments to the shell. Posterior labial palps

large, cup-shaped.

Remarks: Allen & Morgan (1981) separated the group at the genus level on the basis of significant

anatomical differences.

Included species: aethiopica , asiatica, at lant a. claviculata, congenita , depressa, ledaeformisl,

leiomyoides , ros, salamensis , striatella.

Genus Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864

Type species (by monotypy): Neaera gouldiana Hinds, 1843. Recent, Western Pacific.

Radial sculpture developed, at least on posterior half of disc. Rostrum frequently elongate.

Right valve with a posterior lateral tooth. Septum muscular, with four pairs of pores; a small lateral

septal muscle generally present, besides the anterior and posterior muscle shell attachments.

Remarks: Anatomically, the genus does not differ much from Cuspidaria , and Allen & Morgan

(1981) merged them. The consistent differences in sculpture and general more shallow distribution of

Cardiomya suggests its separation.

Subgenus Cardiomya s .s.

Radial sculpture developed over entire disc. Right valve with a posterior lateral tooth. Left

valve edentate.

Included species: abyssicola , alcocki, alternata, alveata, andamanica , angusticauda, balboae,

behringensis, bruuni, californica, casta , chuni, cleryana, concinna , cos tat a, costellata, curt a Jeffreys,

didyma, ecuadoriana, filatovae, forticostata, fragilissima, fujitai, gilchristi, gouldiana , greenii, iturupica,

kashimana, knudseni, lanieri, nipponica , obliqua , ochotensis , orientals, ornatissima, pectinata, perros-

trata, pinna, planetica, rectimarginata, reticulata, saba, sibogai, singaporensis, sinica, striata, striolata,

surinamensis, tosaensis.

Source .

152

JEAN-MAURICE P0UT1ERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Subgenus Kurodamya Okutani & Sakurai, 1964

Type species (by monotypy): Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) fortisculpta Kuroda, 1948. Recent, Japan.

Radial sculpture absent from the anterior slope of the disc. Right valve with a prominent,

often hook-shaped, posterior lateral tooth. Left valve edentate.

Remarks: A useful division, merged by Allen & Morgan (1981) into Cardiomya.

Included species: fallaxl, fortisculpta, levifrons, semicostata.

Genus Bathyneaera Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Type species (by monotypy): Cuspidaria hadalis Knudsen, 1970. Recent, Banda Trench.

Sculpture a complex of radial riblets and concentric lirae, more developed on posterior slope.

Rostrum compressed, truncate, merged with disc. Hinge of both valves edentate. Septum muscular,

with four pairs of pores; an extra lateral septal muscle attached on posterior part of shell, besides the

other posterior muscles.

Remarks: Bernard (1989) created Labromysa (type species: Cardiomya (Labromysa) disa Bernard,

1989) as a subgenus of Cardiomya, to accomodate species with external shell features similar to

Myonera Dali, 1886a, but anatomically assignable to Cardiomya, and with a feeble edentate hinge

plate. He tentatively included in it Myonera laticella Dali, 1888b and Cuspidaria hadalis (the type

species of Bathyneaera). Consequently, Labromysa is considered here to be a synonym of

Bathyneaera. Krylova (1993) revised the genus, merging in it Semicardiomya Scarlato &

Starobogatov, 1983.

Included species: bernardi, disa, globulosa, hadalis, laticella, paleifera, quadrostrata, tillamoo-

kensis.

Genus Octoporia Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Type species (OD): Cuspidaria (Myonera) octaporosa Allen & Morgan, 1981. Recent, North Atlantic.

Shell ovate, with a well developed, broad rostrum. Sculpture of low concentric ribs. Hinge of

both valves edentate. Septum with eight to twenty pairs of pores, with feeble posterodorsal

attachments to the shell. Posterior labial palps large, cup-shaped.

Remarks: Krylova (1994b) revised Octoporia and assigned to it a number of new species in addition

to the type and only known species, showing then it is worth of generic recognition. The genus

accomodates species with shell features recalling Myonera Dali, 1886a, but anatomically similar to

Halonympha Dali & Smith in Dall, 1886b.

Included species: octaporosa, podobeda, rugosa, sinuosa.

Genus Myonera Dali, 1886a

Type species (subsequent designation by Dall & Smith in Dall, 1886b): Myonera paucistriata Dali

1886b. Recent, North Atlantic.

Source .

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

153

Sculpture with concentric, and sometimes radial elements. Hinge plate feeble, edentate in both

valves. Septum muscular, with four pairs of pores. Labial palps small.

Remarks: In a short note to Nature published 10 June 1886, Dall introduced Mvonera, as a subgenus

of Neaera (an older but invalid name for Cuspidaria). The anatomical description he gave, based on

a new (but unnamed) species of Myonera from the Gulf of Mexico, made it available as a genus-group

name without named species. Later (September 1886), Dall & Smith (in Dall 1886b- 302) defined

Myonera as a full genus, providing a list of species to be included in it. and designating Myonera

paucistriata Dall as the type species.

Subgenus Myonera s. s.

Sculpture complex of radial and concentric elements. Resilifer posteriorly directed, or nearly

vertical. ’ J

Included species: acutecarinata, alleni, angularis, bicarinata, canariensis, centobi, dautzenbergi,

dispar, garretti, gigantea, lamellifera , limatula, lischkei, mexicana , pailoloana , paucistriata, pretiosal,

rostra, tasmanica.

Subgenus Rengea Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971

Type species (OD): Myonera fluctuosa Kuroda, 1948 = Cuspidaria (Myonera) caduca E. A. Smith

1894. Recent, Indo-Pacific.

Sculpture of the disc with strong concentric plications. Umbones depressed, opisthogyrate.

Resilifer projecting, subvertical.

Included species: caduca, murrayi.

Order Poromyoida Pelseneer, 1906

Superfamily Poromyoidea Dall. 1886b

Shell inflated, ovate to rhomboidal or trigonal, subequivalve. Posterior rostrum absent. Outer

surface with adherent periostracum, smooth or granulate to spiculate. Ligament external, opistho-

detic, without a lithodesma. Dorsal margins of valves united by fused periostracum. Hinge edentate,

or with a variable cardinal tooth in right valve. Interior of valves nacreous. Microstructure of shell

with prismatic outer and nacreous middle and inner layers, or with a two-layered homogenous

structure.

Mantle lobes fused, with a large pedal opening. Inhalant and exhalant apertures with siphons,

surrounded with up to 15 stout sensory tentacles. Exhalant siphon short; inhalant siphon eversible

in a large raptorial hood. Foot digitiform, with a byssal groove. Adult usually not byssate. Gills

absent. Septum muscular, with two or three (rarely one) pairs of ostial openings. Labial palps

cup-shaped, the anterior ones large. Stomach very muscular, of type II. Two ducts to the digestive

diverticula. Midgut and style-sac conjoined. Intestine passing through the ventricle of the heart.

Statocyst with a large multicellular capsule of ciliated cells and a single free statolith within.

Hermaphroditic.

Source .

154

JF.AN-MAUR1CE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Family Poromyidae Dali, 1886b

Characters same as for the superfamily.

Genus Poromva Forbes, 1844

Type species (by monotypy): Poromya anatinoides Forbes, 1844 = Corbula granulata Nyst &

Westendorp, 1839. Pliocene to Recent, Arctic, North Atlantic and Mediterranean.

Shell surface smooth or granulate. Hinge with or without a cardinal tooth in right valve.

Septum with two pairs of ostial openings.

Subgenus Poromya 5. s.

Shell surface with small granules, frequently set in rows. Ligament external, but deeply sunken.

Right valve with an anterior cardinal tooth.

Included species: adelaidis, australis, curta, cymata, flexuosa, gilchristi, granosissima, granulata

Nyst & Westendorp, granuloderma, hayashii, houhricki, laevis, neaeroides, neozelanica, rostrata,

sansibarica, spinulosa, striata, sumatrana, tornata, transversa, umbonata, undosa.

Subgenus Dermatomya Dali, 1889

Type species (by monotypy): Poromya (Dermatomya) mactroides Dali, 1889. Recent, Eastern Pacific.

Shell surface smooth, without granulation. Ligament external, but deeply sunken. Hinge

rather strong, cardinal tooth of right valve large, frequently knob-like.

Included species: buttoni , castanea, chilensis, hyalina, mactroides, tenuiconcha, trosti.

Subgenus Cetomya Dali, 1889

Type species (subsequent designation by Glibert, 1936): Poromya elongata Dali, 1886b. Recent, West

Central Atlantic.

Shell surface granulate. Ligament external, not deeply sunken. Hinge plate feeble, cardinal

tooth of right valve vestigial or absent.

Included species: albida, butoni, elongata, eximia Pelseneer, malespinae Ridewood, niasensisl,

orientalis, scapha.

Genus Perlaporomya Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1983

Type species (OD): Poromya perla Dali, 1908. Recent, East Pacific.

Shell surface granulate, with very high, bulbous umbones. Ligament external, but deeply

Source .

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

155

sunken. Hinge with a strong cardinal tooth in right valve, and a corresponding socket in left valve.

Septum with only one pair of ostial openings.

Included species: per la.

Genus Cetoconcha Dali, 1886b

Type species (OD): Lyonsia bulla Dali, 1881. Recent, tropical West Atlantic.

Shell surface granulate or spiculated. Ligament external, slightly sunken. Hinge feeble; anterior

cardinal tooth of right valve reduced or absent. Septum with three pairs of ostial openings.

Included species: alephtinae, angolensis, atypha , boucheti, braziliensis, bulla, ceylonensis, elegans,

e.xigua, galatheae, gloriosa, indica, japonica, margarita , pelseneeri, sarsii, smithii , tenuissima, transversa.

CATALOGUE OF RECENT SPECIES

In the following alphabetical list, the generic attributions and synonymies are only tentative

because, for many species, information is scarce, too scattered or obsolete. Some genera are mainly

distinguishable on anatomical grounds, but these data are not available for many species, hence many

confusions in generic or even familial allocations (see, for example. Poutiers, 1984: 285; Dell, 1990

61).

In two publications dealing with the anatomy of bivalves, Ridewood (1903) and Pelseneer

(1911) described the soft parts of some new septibranch species. The shells of these species were later

named and described as new, respectively by Dall (1916a, b) and Prashad (1932). Although a few

authors, among which F. R. Bernard, rejected the names introduced by Ridewood and Pelseneer,

these are tentatively included herein. However their somewhat uncertain nomenclatural status has to

be reconsidered on an individual basis in a thorough revision of the group.

Names of valid species are in bold. Current generic allocation is in square brackets.

abbreviala, Neaera Forbes, 1843: 75. Northeast Atlantic. Mediterranean. 55-1350 m. | Cuspidaria

(Tropidomya)\

abrupta, Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama ) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 479. Southeast Atlantic. 619-1014 m.

[ Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama ) |

abscissa , Lyonsiella Pelseneer, 1911: 76. Indo-Pacific. 700-850 m. [Laevicordia]

abyssicola, Cardiomya Verrill & Bush, 1898: 806. Northwest & West Central Atlantic. 2840-3316 m.

\Cardiomya\

abyssicola, Lyonsiella M. Sars, 1869: 257, nom. nud. = Lyonsiella abyssicola (G.O. Sars, 1872)

abyssicola, Pecchiolia G.O. Sars, (ex M. Sars MS) 1872: 25. Arctic, North Atlantic. 38-3909 m.

| Lyonsiella]

abyssopacifica, Cuspidaria Okutani, 1975b: 74. Northwest Pacific. 3420-5620 m. \Cuspidaria]

accessa, Setaliris Iredale, 1930: 388. Southwest Pacific. 457-550 m. [Haliris (Setaliris)\

actoni, Neaera Tiberi, 1855: pi. I. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

acutecarinata. Cuspidaria Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906: 95. East Central Atlantic. 628 m. \Myonera\

acuticostatus, Hippagus Philippi, 1844: 42. Central Atlantic, Mediterranean. 99-4255 m. \Spinosipella]

adamsi, Cuspidaria Thiele, 1934 (nom. nov. pro Cuspidaria philippinensis “Hinds”, A. Adams, 1864):

948, nom. nud. = Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) adamsi Heppell & Morgan, 1981

156

JEAN-MAUR1CE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

adamsi. Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) Heppell & Morgan, 1981: 546. West Pacific. 38-46 m. [Cuspidaria

( Rhinoclama )\

adelaidis, Pholadomya Hedley, 1916: 29. Antarctic. 110-2154 m. \Poromya\

adunca , Neaera Gould, 1861: 24. Northwest Pacific. 10-600 m. | Cuspidaria (Leiomya)\

adunca, Neaera “Gould” E.A. Smith 1885: 37, non Gould 1861. = Cuspidaria (Vulcanomya) smithii

Dali, 1886b

aequacostata, Verticordia Howard, 1950: 109. = Haliris Jischeriana (Dali, 1881)

aequatorialis, Cuspidaria Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 253. Indian Ocean. 693-750 m. [ 1 Protocuspidaria

( Bident aria )\

aethiopica, Cuspidaria Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 254. West Indian Ocean. 693 m. \Ha!onympha\

aethiopica , Euciroa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 248. West Indian Ocean. 818-977 m. \Euciroa\

affinis, Verticordia Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 247. West Indian Ocean. 693-1134 m. | Vert ambitus]

agulhasensis, Cuspidaria Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 253. = Cuspidaria optima Sowerby, 1904

agulhasensis. Lyonsiella Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 250. South Africa. 50-250 m. [? Lyonsiella]

alaskana. Lyonsiella Dali, 1895b: 703. East Pacific. 800-3570 m. | Policordia ( Dallicordia)]

alhida, Poromya ( Cetoconcha ) Dali. 1886b: 282. Northwest & West Central Atlantic. 175-1337 m.

[Porotnya ( Cetomya ) \

alcocki. Cuspidaria E.A. Smith, 1894: 170. Indo-Pacific. 60-1150 m. \Cardiomya]

alephtinae, Cribrosoconcha Krylova, 1991: 133. Southeast Pacific, 1014-1058 m. [Cetoconcha]

alleni, Myonera Poutiers, nom. nov. pro Cuspidaria (My oner a) atlantica Allen & Morgan, 1981: 470.

North Atlantic. 1427-4680 m. [Myonera] (see note 1 below).

alta. Cuspidaria Verco, 1908: 198. Southern Australia. 165-275 m. [Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )[

alternata, Sphena d’Orbigny in de la Sagra, 1846: 286. West Central Atlantic. 24-340 m. [Cardiomya]

alveata. Cuspidaria Hedley, 1907b: 362. Southwest Pacific. 1500 m. [Cardiomya]

anatinoides , Poromya Forbes, 1844: 191. = Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839)

andamanica, Cardiomya Preston, 1916b: 99. Indian Ocean. 3-10 m. [Cardiomya]

angasi, Neaera E.A. Smith, 1885: 47. Southern Australia. 238-750 m. [Cuspidaria]

angolensis , Cetoconcha Allen & Morgan, 1981: 528. Southeast Atlantic. 5124 m. | Cetoconcha [

angularis, Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 498. North Atlantic. 530-3265 m. [ Myonera |

angulata, Pecchiolia Jeffreys, 1882: 933. Northeast Atlantic, Azores. 454-1429m. [Halicardia]

angusticauda, Cardiomya Scarlato, 1972: 124. Northwest Pacific. 135-664m. [Cardiomya]

annandalei. Cuspidaria Preston, 1915: 308. Indian Ocean. Shallow water. [Taxonomic status

uncertain]

antarctica, Pholadomya Hedley, 1916: 28. =? Poromya adelaidis (Hedley, 1916), fide Dell, 1990.

apodema, Cuspidaria Dali, 1916a: 23, nom. nud.\ 1916b: 407. Northeast Pacific. 1098-2900 m.

[Cuspidaria]

approximata. Cuspidaria E.A. Smith, 1896: 373. Indian Ocean. (46?), 400-786 m. [Cuspidaria]

arctica. Neaera M. Sars, 1859: 62. Arctic, North Atlantic. 35-1190 m. [Cuspidaria]

arcuata , Neaera Dali, 1881: 113. West Central Atlantic. 1170 m. [Cuspidaria]

ascoldica, Cuspidaria Scarlato, 1972: 121. Northwest Pacific. 100-800 m. | Cuspidaria |

asiatica , Halonympha Hayami & Kase, 1993: 103. Northwest Pacific. 7-20 m. [ Halonympha |

atlanta, Halonympha Allen & Morgan, 1981: 494. Northwest & East Central Atlantic.’ 2644-3128 m.

| Halonympha\

atlantica. Cuspidaria Allen & Morgan, 1981: 455. Atlantic. 530-2154 m. [Cuspidaria]

atlantica , Cuspidaria ( Myonera ) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 470, non Cuspidaria atlantica Allen &

Morgan, 1981. = Myonera alleni Poutiers, nom. nov. (see note 1 below).

atlantica , Policordia Allen & Turner, 1974: 484. North Atlantic. 458-2186 m. [Policordia]

atlantica , Protocuspidaria ( Bidentaria ) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 499. North Atlantic, Canaries.

1150-4706 m. [Protocuspidaria (Bidentaria)]

attenuata, Neaera Forbes, 1843: 75. = Cuspidaria rostrata (Spengler, 1793)

atypha. Cetoconcha Verrill & Bush, 1898: 814. Northwest Atlantic. 2602 m. [Cetoconcha]

aupouria. Cuspidaria Dell, 1950: 21. Southwest Pacific. 137-805 m. [Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )[

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

157

australiensis, Verticorciia Hedley, 1907a: 303, non E. A. Smith, 1885. = Verticordia bordaensis Cotton

& Godfrey, 1938.

australiensis, Verticordia E. A. Smith, 1885: 167. Southwest Pacific. 285 m. [Verticordia]

australis , Poromya E. A. Smith, 1885: 54. West Pacific. 83-283 m. \Poromya\

axinoides, Verticordia (Laevicordia) Seguenza, 1876a: 111. Mediterranean. 250-400 m. I Laevicor-

dia 1

azorica, Neaera E.A. Smith, 1885: 41. Mid Atlantic. 1829 m. | ICuspidaria [

halboae, Cardiomya Dali, 1916b: 407. East Central Pacific. 45-170 m. \Cardiomya\

barnardi , Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 139. Atlantic, Indian Ocean. 2178-3828 m. \Cuspidaria\

batialis, Cardiomya lindbergi Scarlato, 1972: 124. = Cardiomya gouldiana (Hinds, 1843)

hehringensis, Neaera Leche, 1883: 438. North Pacific. 18-2900 m. [Cardiomya]

benthedii , Cuspidaria Poutiers, 1984: 289. Indian Ocean. 3700-3716 m. | Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama)]

berenicensis , Pecchiolia Sturany, 1896: 15. Mediterranean. 700 m. [Haliris]

beringiana, Dermatomya Dali, 1916a: 22, nom. nud.; 1916b: 406. = Poromya (Dermatomva)

tenuiconcha Dali, 1913

bernardi, Bathyneaera Krylova, 1993: 58. Tropical West Pacific. 7800-7870 m. [Bat hy neaera]

hicarinata, Myonera E. A. Smith, 1896: 374. Indian Ocean. 660-1163 m. [My oner a] '

bicarinata , Neaera Jeffreys, 1880: 316, nom. nud.; 1882: 939. Northeast Atlantic. 1262-2004 m.

[Cuspidaria]

bordaensis , Verticordia Cotton & Godfrey, 1938: 149, nom. nov. pro Verticordia australiensis Hedley.

1907, non E.A. Smith, 1885. Southwest Pacific. 16-549 m. | Verticordia]

boucheti , Cetoconcha Poutiers & Bernard sp. nov. West Central Pacific. 300-330 m. [Cetoconcha]

brachyrhynchus , Cuspidaria Sturany, 1901: 263. Red Sea. 375-2160 m. [Cuspidaria]

brazieri, Neaera E.A. Smith, 1885: 51. Southwest Pacific. 4-200 m. | Plectodon]

braziliensis, Cetoconcha Allen & Morgan, 1981: 521. Atlantic. 2250-3730 m. [Cetoconcha]

hraziliensis, Cuspidaria E.A. Smith, 1915: 104. Southwest Atlantic. 72-100 m. [ICuspidaria]

brevirostris , Anatina Brown, 1829: 11. = Cuspidaria cuspidata (Olivi, 1792)

brevirostris, Austroneaera Powell, 1937: 174. Southwest Pacific. 260 m. [Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )[

brucei, Cuspidaria Melvill & Standen, 1907: 122. = Cuspidaria undata (Verrill, 1884)

hr uuni. Cardiomya Dell, 1956a: 34. South Pacific. 610 m. [Cardiomya]

buccina. Cuspidaria ( Cuspidaria ) Bernard, 1989: 62. Northeast Pacific. 3585 m. | Cuspidaria [

bulla , Lyonsia Dali, 1878: 61, nom. nud.; 1881: 107. Northwest Atlantic. 3506-5860 m. [Cetoconcha]

butoni, Poromya ( Cetoconcha ) Prashad, 1932: 327. West Pacific. 70-535 m. [Poromya ( Cetomya )\

buttoni, Dermatomya Dali, 1916a: 22, nom. nud.; 1916b: 406. Northeast Pacific. 1 19-1063 m. [Poromya

( Dermatomya )[

caduca, Cuspidaria (Myonera) E. A. Smith, 1894: 170. Indo-Pacific. 50-1134 m. [Myonera ( Rengea )[

caelata, Verticordia Verrill, 1882: 566. = Trigonulina ornata d'Orbigny, 1846

californica, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Dali, 1886b: 296. East Pacific. 15-640 m. [Cardiomva]

cambrica, Vertisphaera Iredale, 1930: 387-388. Southwest Pacific. 146 m. | Haliris ( Ver'tisphaera )[

canadensis, Poromya (Dermatomya) Bernard, 1969: 2232. = Poromya (Dermatomva) tenuiconcha

Dali, 1913

canariensis, Cuspidaria (Myonera) De Boer, 1985: 102. North Atlantic. 500-2300 m. [Myonera]

capensis, Neaera E.A. Smith, 1885: 45. Southeast Atlantic. 91-564 m. | Cuspidaria |

carinifera, Verticordia Locard, 1898: 208. East Central Atlantic. 2083 m. [Halicardia]

casta, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 77. West Central Pacific. 15 m. [ Cardiomya |

castanea, Poromya Habe, 1952b: 156. Northwest Pacific. 30-880 m.[Poromya\

centohi. Cuspidaria Bouchet & Waren, 1979: 218. Northeast Atlantic, Arctic Ocean (fide Knudsen

1985). 2330-3700 m. [Myonera]

ceylonensis, Cetoconcha Knudsen, 1970: 119. Indian Ocean. 3310 m. [Cetoconcha]

chilensis, Cuspidaria (Luzonia) Dali, 1890: 282. Southeast Pacific. 1238-1895 m. | Cuspidaria ( Luzonia )|

chilensis, Poromya (Dermatomya) Dali, 1908: 430. Southeast Pacific. 821 m. [Poromya ( Dermato¬

mya )\

158

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

chinensis, Neaera Gray in Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834: 12 & 598. West Pacific. 100-250 m. [Cuspidaria]

chuni, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 257. Indian Ocean. 400-1134 m. | Cardiomya]

cinerea, Neaera cuspidata var. Jeffreys, 1865: 54. = Cuspidaria cuspidata (Olivi, 1792)

circinata, Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 497. North and Central Atlantic. 564-4382 m. [Cuspidaria]

cistagemma, Euciroa Kuroda, 1952: 14. = Euciroa crassa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931

clathrata, Cuspidaria ( Soyomya ) Poutiers & Bernard sp. nov. West Pacific. 230 m. [Cuspidaria

( Soyomya) \

claviculata , Neaera Dali, 1881: 112. West Central Atlantic. 183-985 m. | Halonympha \

cleryana, Sphaenia d'Orbigny, 1842: 708, pi. 83, figs 16-18. Southwest Atlantic. 50-225 m. [ Cardio¬

mya 1

cochinensis, Cuspidaria Preston, 1916a: 39. Indian Ocean. Shallow water. [Taxonomic status

uncertain]

cochlearis, Neaera Hinds, 1844: 98. = Leptomya cochlearis (Hinds, 1844) [Semelidae]

colpodes , Cuspidaria Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897b: 223. Azores, West Indian Ocean. 693-1644 m.

|? Protocuspidaria ( Bidentaria)\

compressa, Lyonsiella Allen & Turner, 1974: 458. Northeast Atlantic. 119 m. [Lyonsiella]

compressa, Mytilimeria Locard, 1898: 211. Not a Halicardia (see note 2 below).

concentrica, Cuspidaria Thiele, 1912: 233. Antarctic. 351 m. [ Cuspidaria |

concinna. Neaera Hinds, 1843: 77. Habitat unknown. [Cardiomya]

congenita, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 52. West Central Atlantic. 800 m. | Halonympha ]

consimilis, Cuspidaria nobilis Habe, 1961: 146 & App.42. = Cuspidaria nobilis (A. Adams, 1864)

consociata, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 41. West Central Atlantic. 340-850 m. [ Cuspidaria [

contractu, Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 941. Northeast Atlantic. 1354-2967 m. [Cuspidaria]

convexa, Cuspidaria Pelseneer, 1911: 80. Tropical West Pacific. 100-694 m. [Cuspidaria]

convexa , Cuspidaria ( Cuspidaria ) Prashad, 1932: 329. = Cuspidaria convexa Pelseneer, 1911

cordata, Lyonsiella Verrill & Bush, 1898: 818. Northwest Atlantic. 2602-3338 m. [Policordia]

corpulent a, Neaera costellata var. Dali, 1881: 111. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

corrugata , Cuspidaria ( Cuspidaria ) Prashad, 1932: 329. Tropical West Pacific. 38-320 m. [Cuspidaria]

costata, Anatina Sowerby, 1834: 87. Tropical East Pacific, 4-84 m. [Cardiomya]

costata, Neaera Bush, 1885: 472, non Sowerby, 1834. = Cardiomya ornatissima (d’Orbigny, 1846)

costellata , Corbula Deshayes, 1833: 86. North Atlantic, Mediterranean. 5-2000 m. [Cardiomya]

costeminens, Verticordia ( Spinosipella ) Poutiers, 1981: 351. Tropical West Pacific. 750-925 m.

[Spinosipella]

cowani. Cuspidaria ( Cuspidaria ) Bernard, 1967: 2629. Northeast Pacific. 1318 m. [ Cuspidaria [

crassa, Euciroa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 248. Indo-Pacific. 136-1463 m. [Euciroa]

crebrilirata, Verticordia ( Verticordia ) Prashad, 1932: 324. Tropical West Pacific. 564 m. [Haliris]

cuneata , Verticordia ( Vertambitus ) Kuroda, 1952: 8. Northwest Pacific. 200 m. [Vertamhitus]

curta, Lyonsiella Poutiers, 1984: 298. West Indian Ocean. 3700-3716 m. [ Lyonsiella |

curta. Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 495, nom. nud.; 1882: 943. Arctic, North Atlantic. 32-2338 m.

[ Cardiomya \

curta , Neaera cuspidata var. Jeffreys, 1865: 54. = Cuspidaria cuspidata (Olivi, 1792)

curta, Neaera multicostata var. Verrill, 1882: 560, non Neaera curta Jeffreys, 1882. = Cardiomya

striata (Jeffreys, 1876)

curta, Poromya Sowerby, 1904: 17. Southwest Indian Ocean. 805 m. [Poromya]

cuspidata, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 76, non Olivi, 1792. Northwest Pacific. 154 m. Nom. dub.

cuspidata, Tellina Olivi, 1792: 101. Northeast & East Central Atlantic, Mediterranean. 20-1850 m.

[Cuspidaria]

cymata, Poromya Dali. 1890: 289. Southwest Atlantic. 72-108 m. [Poromya]

dalli, Euciroa Pilsbry, 1911: 523. = Euciroa eburnea (Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

dautzenbergi, Myonera Prashad, 1932: 334. Northwest Pacific to Indonesia. 715-959 m. [Myonera]

delectabile, Euciroa Dell, 1956b: 42. = Euciroa galatheae (Dell, 1956)

delli, Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 141. Southwest' Pacific. 4400 m. [ Cuspidaria [

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

159

demistriata, Cuspidaria (Myonera) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 469. = Bathyneaera hadalis (Knudsen

1970)

densicostata, Verticordia Locard, 1898: 202. Central Atlantic. 1002-2325 m. \Policordia\

depressa, Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 940. East Atlantic, Mediterranean. 164-2351 m. \Halonympha]

deshayesiana, Verticordia Fischer, 1862: 35. Indo-Pacific. 40-693 m. \Spinosipella\

diagonalis, Cuspidaria (Tropidomya) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 487. Southeast Atlantic. 527-542 m.

| Cuspidaria ( Tropidomya ) |

didyma. Neaera Hinds, 1843: 78. Tropical East Pacific. 18-48 m. \Cardiomya\

diomedea, Policordia Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 217. Mid-North Pacific. 44-530 m. \Policordia\

disa, Cardiomya (Labromvsa) Bernard, 1989: 64. Northeast and Northwest Pacific, tropical West

Indian Ocean, tropical West Atlantic. 3700-6850 m. \Bathyneaera\

dispar, Cuspidaria ( Myonera ) Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 225. Northwest & Mid-North Pacific

400-914 m. [ Myonera \

dissociata, Cuspidaria Sturany, 1901: 262. Red Sea. 805 m. [Cuspidaria]

dorsirecta, Cuspidaria Verco, 1908: 198. Southeast Indian Ocean, Southern Australia. 73-1150 m.

| Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama ) ]

dubia, Cuspidaria ( Myonera ) Pelseneer, 1911: 80. Indo-Pacific. 200-2798 m. | Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama)\

dubia, Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) Prashad, 1932: 333. = Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama ) dubia (Pelseneer,

1911)

dulcis, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932: 10. = Cardiomya coslata (Sowerby, 1834)

eburnea , Verticordia (Euciroa) Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891: 447. Indo-Pacific. 340-1500 m. \Euciroa\

ecuadoriana, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) Olsson, 1961: 465. Tropical East Pacific. 55-146 m. | Cardiomya]

elegans, Cribrosoconcha Krylova, 1991: 135. Southeast Pacific, 218-575 m. \Cetoconcha\

elegans, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 76. Indo-Pacific. 13-200 m. \Cuspidaria\

elegant issima, Euciroa Dali, 1878: 61, nom. nud. = Euciroa elegantissima (Dali, 1881)

elegantissima, Verticordia Dali, 1881: 106. West Central Atlantic. 300-1500 m. \Euciroa\

elliptica , Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) Di Geronimo, 1974: 157. Mediterranean. 2300 m. [ICuspidaria]

elongata, Poromya (Cetoconcha) Dali, 1886b: 283. West Central Atlantic. 183-364 m. | Poromya

( Cetomya )\

equatorialis , Poromya (Dermatomya) Dali, 1908: 429. = Poromya ( Dermatomya) mactroides Dali,

1889

ericia, Verticordia Hedley, 1911: 96. South and Central Indo-Pacific. 146-805 m. \Spinosipella]

erma , Cuspidaria Cotton, 1931: 347. Southern Australia. 148-550 m. [Cuspidaria]

exarata, Cuspidaria Verco, 1908: 199. Southern Australia. 190 m. | Cuspidaria \

excoriata, Verticordia Poutiers, 1984: 297. West Indian Ocean. 3700 m. [Vertambitus]

exigua. Cetoconcha Poutiers & Bernard, sp. nov. West Pacific. 970 m. | Cetoconcha |

exigua , Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 496. Arctic. North Atlantic. 640-1836 m. [ Cuspidaria )

eximia, Poromya Pelseneer, 1911: 78. Indo-Pacific. 50-1190 m. | Poromya (Cetomya)\

eximia, Poromya (Cetoconcha) Prashad, 1932: 327. = Poromya (Cetomya) eximia Pelseneer, 1911

expansa, Verticordia ? Prashad, 1932: 324. West Pacific. 835 m. [ Verticordia J

extenta , Policordia (Angus tebranchia) Ivanova, 1977: 182. Northwest Pacific. 8220-8430 m. | Policordia

( August ebranchia)]

fairchildi, Cuspidaria Suter, 1908: 372. Southwest Pacific. 137-640 m. | Cuspidaria]

fallax, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 49. West Pacific. 283 m. [? Cardiomya ( Kurodamya )]

ferruginea. Halicardia Di Geronimo, 1974: 158. Mediterranean. 2300-2400 m. | Halicardia ]

filatovae, Cardiomya Scarlato, 1972: 127. Northwest Pacific. 3350 m. | Cardiomya ]

filatovae, Cuspidaria Bernard, 1979: 14. Northeast Pacific. 3500-4882 m. [ Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama)]

filocarinata, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 44. = Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) notabilis (Jeffreys, 1876)

finlayi , Austroneaera Powell, 1937: 175. Southwest Pacific. 110 m. | Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )]

fischeri, Mytilimeria Jeffreys, 1880: 316; 1881: 384. Nom. nud. = Halicardia fischeri (Locard, 1898)

fischeri, Mytilimeria Locard, 1898: 212 (ex Jeffreys MS). Northeast Atlantic, 1140-2650 m.

[Halicardia]

160

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

fischeriana, Verticordia Dali, 1881: 106. West Atlantic, East Pacific. 80-510 m. \Haliris\

flexuosa, Mytilimeria Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1881: 302. North Atlantic. 137-2330 m. \Halicardia [

flexuosa , Poromya Yokoyama, 1922: 173. Northwest Pacific. 30-350 m. \Poromya\

fluctuosa, Myonera Kuroda, 1948: 25.= Myonera caduca (E. A. Smith, 1894)

formosa, Cuspidaria Verrill & Bush, 1898: 803. Northwest Atlantic. 2173 m. \Cuspidaria\

formosa, Lyonsia Jeffreys, 1874: 112, nom. nud.\ 1880: 316, nom. nud.\ 1882: 930. Atlantic,

Mediterranean; Indian Ocean & Pacific? (Morton, 1985a) 366-3783 m. [? Lyonsiella [ (see

note 3 below).

forticostata , Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Sowerby, 1904: 18. Southwest Indian Ocean. 805 m. \Cardiomya\

fortisculpta, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya! ) Kuroda, 1948: 20. Northwest Pacific. 100-200 m. \Cardiomya

( Kurodamya)\

fragilis, Lyonsiella Allen & Turner, 1974: 456. North Atlantic. 1102-1470 m. [ Lyonsiella]

fragilis, Neaera A. Adams, 1856: 226.= Theora fragilis (A. Adams, 1856) [Semelidae]

fragilissima. Neaera E. A. Smith. 1885: 53. Southwest Indian Ocean. 349 m. \Cardiomya\

fraterna, Cuspidaria Verrill & Bush, 1898: 803. Northwest Atlantic. 552-1800 m. [Cuspidaria]

frieli, Lyonsiella Allen & Turner, 1974: 440. North Atlantic. 3301-4429 m. \Laevicordia\

fujitai, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Kuroda, 1948: 18. Northwest Pacific. 100-300 m. \Cardiomya\

galatheae, Cetoconcha Knudsen. 1970: 120. Southwest Pacific. 4400 m. [Cetoconcha]

galatheae , Laevicordia Knudsen, 1970: 128. West Indian Ocean. 4820 m. [Laevicordia]

galatheae , Questimya Dell, 1956a: 33. Southwest Pacific. 475-622 m. \Euciroa\

garretti , Myonera Dali, 1908: 434. Tropical East Pacific. 1644 m. \Myonera\

gemma, Cardiomya Verrill & Bush, 1898: 809. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

gemma. Lyonsiella Verrill, 1880: 396. North Atlantic, Mediterranean. 73-3917 m. \Policordia\

gigantea. Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) Prashad, 1932: 329. Indo-Pacific. 100-1030 m. [Cuspidaria]

gigantea , Neaera Verrill, 1884: 223. Northwest Atlantic. 2286-3506 m. [Myonera]

gilchristi, Poromya Sowerby, 1904: 15. Southwest Indian Ocean. 86-99 m. [ Poromya |

gilchristi , Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Sowerby, 1904: 18. Southwest Indian Ocean. 73-229 m. | Cardio¬

mya |

glacialis. Neaera G. O. Sars, 1878: 88. Arctic, North Atlantic. 71-2500 m. [ Cuspidaria \

globulosa, Bathyneaera Krylova, 1993: 55. North Atlantic. 4440-4480 m. [ Bathyneaera ]

gloriosa, Poromya ( Cetoconcha ) Prashad, 1932: 326. Tropical West Pacific. 150-400 m. [Cetoconcha]

glypta, Cardiomya Bush in Verrill & Bush, 1898: 810, nom. nov. pro Neaera costata Bush, 1885 non

Sowerby, 1834. = Cardiomya ornatissima (d’Orbigny, 1846)

gouldi, Halicardia Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 218. Mid-North Pacific. Depth unknown.

[Halicardia]

gouldiana, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 77. West Pacific. 13-1030 m. [Cardiomya]

gracilis, Cuspidaria “(G. O. Sars)” Nordsieck, 1969: 176. = Cuspidaria gracilis (Jeffreys, 1882)

gracilis, Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 938. Arctic, Northeast Atlantic. 70-2032 m. [Cuspidaria]

granatina , Poromya (?) Dali, 1881: 109. = Basterotia quadrata (Hinds, 1843) [Sportellidae]

grandis , Lyonsiella E. A. Smith, 1885: 74. South Atlantic. 3470 m. [Policordia]

granifera, Questimya Cotton, 1931: 345. Southwest Pacific. 20-250 m. [Euciroa]

granosissima, Poromya Sowerby, 1904: 16. Southwest Indian Ocean. 49-165 m. [Poromya]

granulata, Corbula? Nyst & Westendorp, 1839: 6. North Atlantic, Mediterranean. 30-1262 m.

[Poromya]

granulata, Ectorisma Tate, 1892: 127. = Poromya laevis E. A. Smith, 1885.

granulata, Neaera Dali, 1881: 111. West Central Atlantic. 37-274 m. [ Plectodon \

granulata, Verticordia Seguenza, 1858: 356. North & Central Atlantic, Mediterranean. 55-1245 m.

| Haliris /

granulifera, Pecchiolia Verrill, 1885: 434. Northwest Atlantic. 2450-3400 m. [Verticordia]

granuloderma, Poromya granuloderma Scarlato, 1981: 428. Northwest Pacific. 300-664 m. [Poromya]

greenii , Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) E. A. Smith, 1889: 423. Northeast Atlantic. 1829 m. [Cardiomya]

guineensis, Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 143. East Central Atlantic. 2550 m. ^.Cuspidaria ]

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

161

guineensis, Verticordia Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 246. East Central Atlantic. 2278 m. ( Verticordia]

haasi. Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 145. Tropical East Pacific. 3570 m. \Cuspidaria\

hadalis. Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 146. West Atlantic, tropical West Indian Ocean, West Pacific.

1135-8430 m. \Bathyneaera\

halei. Cuspidaria Cotton & Godfrey, 1938: 158. Southern Australia. 238-550 m. | Cuspidaria ]

halimera, Cuspidaria ( Leiomya ) (( Rhinoclama )) Dali, 1886b: 300. North Atlantic. 1337-2934 m.

| Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama ) ]

hancocki, Verticordia ( Trigonulina ) Bernard, 1969: 2233. Tropical East Pacific. 73-1 10 m. [Trigonulina]

hawaiensis , Cuspidaria ( Cuspidaria ) Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 226. Mid-North Pacific. 468-

874 m. \Cuspidaria\

hawaiensis, Euciroa “ Dali. Bartsch & Redher ” Habe, 1964: 212, nom. null. Error for Euciroa gouldi

Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938.

hayashii , Poromya Habe, 1958: 175, 180. Northwest Pacific. 50-200 m. \Poromya]

hindsiana , Neaera A. Adams, 1864: 207. Northwest Pacific. 50-200 m. \Cuspidaria\

hirasei, Cuspidaria Kuroda, 1948: 10. = Cuspidaria steindachneri Sturany, 1901

horrida, Laevicordia Allen & Turner, 1974: 507. Northeast Atlantic. 2862-2886 nr. \Laevicordia ]

houhricki , Halicardia Poutiers & Bernard sp. nov. Borneo. 1629 m. | Halicardia]

houbricki, Poromya ( Poromya ) Bernard, 1989: 65. Northeast Pacific. 95-100 m. \Poromya\

hyalina. Neaera Hinds [ex Sowerby MS), 1843: 76. Northwest Pacific. Depth unknown. \?Cuspidaria\

hyalina. Poromya ( Dermatomya ) Bernard, 1989: 66. Northeast Pacific. 4882 m. | Poromya (Derma-

tomya) ]

illevis, Poromya Hedley, 1913: 265, nom. nov. pro Ectorisma granulaia Tate, 1892 non Poromya

granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839). = Poromya laevis E.A. Smith, 1885

imhricata , Neaera Jeffreys, 1880: 316; 1881: 383; 1882: 942. Nom. nud. = Cuspidaria imbricata

Locard, 1898

imhricata. Cuspidaria Locard [ex Jeffreys MS), 1898: 187. Northeast Atlantic. 1107-1960 m.

[Cuspidaria]

indica. Cetoconcha Ray, 1951: 187. Indian Ocean. Depth unknown. \Cetoconcha\

infelix. Cuspidaria Thiele, 1912: 233. Antarctic. 91-752 m. [Cuspidaria]

inf lata , Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 942. North Atlantic. 1000-2000 m. | Cuspidaria (Leiomya)]

inornata. Verticordia Thiele & Jaeckel. 1931: 245. Southwest Indian Ocean. 49-229 m. | Verticordia]

insculpta, Pecchiolia Jeffreys, 1874: 112, nom. nud.-, 1882: 932. = Policordia gemma (Verrill, 1880)

insculpta. Verticordia (Laevicordia) Seguenza, 1876a: 112. Mediterranean. Depth unknown. | Laevi¬

cordia ]

insolita. Policordia Allen & Turner, 1974: 502. North Atlantic. 1546-2178 m. | Policordia |

intermedia, Cetoconcha [eximia var?) Habe, 1952b: 158. = Poromya ( Cetomya ) eximia Pelseneer, 1911

iridella, Cuspidaria ( Pseudoneaera ) Kuroda, 1948: 25. = Pseudoneaera semipellucida (Kuroda, 1948)

iridescens, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 78. = Theora iridescens (Hinds, 1843) [Semelidae]

isocar dioides, Poromya ( Cetoconcha ) Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897a: 30. = Poromya tornata (Jeffreys,

1876)

isolirata, Cardiomya Bernard. 1969: 2231. = Cardiomya pectinata (Carpenter, 1865)

iturupica, Cardiomya Scarlato, 1972: 127. Northwest Pacific. 414 m. [ Cardiomya ]

ivanovae, Policordia Poutiers & Bernard, nom. nov. pro Policordia japonica Ivanova, 1977. non Habe.

1961. Northwest Pacific. 3042 m. | Policordia 1

jajfaensis, Verticordia Cotton & Godfrey, 1938: 151. Southwest Pacific. 183-549 m. [Haliris]

japonica. Cetoconcha Habe, 1952b: 159. West Pacific. 175-650 m. [Cetoconcha]

japonica. Cuspidaria Kuroda, 1948: 14. Northwest Pacific. 100-300 m. [ Cuspidaria ]

japonica , Lyonsiella Habe, 1952a: 269, nom. nud.; 1961: 145 & App.41. = Policordia pilula (Pelseneer.

191 i)

japonica , Policordia ( Latebranchia ) Ivanova, 1977: 193, non Habe, 1961. = Policordia ivanovae

Poutiers & Bernard

japonica, Verticordia A. Adams, 1862: 224. = Spinosipella deshayesiana (Fischer, 1862)

162

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

jeffreysi , Lyonsiella Friele, 1879: 269. Northeast Atlantic, Arctic Ocean {fide Knudsen, 1985).

1198-4429 m. [Policordia]

jeffreysi, Lyonsiella E. A. Smith. 1885: 73, non Friele. 1879. = Laevicordia smidti (Friele, 1886)

jeffreysi , Neaera Dali, 1881: 111. Northwest & West Central Atlantic. 849-2022 m. \Cuspidaria\

jugosa, Neaera G. O. Sars. 1878: 88, non Wood. 1850. = Cuspidaria lamellosa (G. O. Sars, 1878)

jugosa, Neaera Wood, 1850: 272. Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean. 200-1100 m. [1 Cuspidaria]

kashimana, Cardiomya Okutani & Sakurai, 1964: 20. Northwest Pacific. 200-1030 m. \Cardiomya]

kawamurai, Cuspidaria Kuroda, 1948: 11. = Cuspidaria {Cuspidaria) gigantea Prashad, 1932

kerguelensis, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 46. Antarctic. 60-574 m. [Cuspidaria]

knudseni. Cuspidaria {Cardiomya) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 466. Southwest & North Atlantic.

1661-3806 m. [Cardiomya]

korenii, Embla Loven, 1846: 200. = Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839)

kurilensis, Dermatomya Scarlato, 1981: 427. = Poromya (Dermatomya) tenuiconcha Dali, 1913

kurodai, Cuspidaria Okutani, 1975a: 196. Northwest Pacific. 158-177 m. [Cuspidaria]

kurohijii , Cuspidaria Okutani, 1972: 126. Northwest Pacific. 130-190 m. | Cuspidaria (Soyomya)]

kyushuensis. Cuspidaria Okutani, 1962: 35. Northwest Pacific. 520-760 m. [Cuspidaria]

lactea, Neaera costellata var. Jeffreys, 1865: 50. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

laevigata, Policordia { Angustebranchia ) Ivanova, 1977: 184. West Pacific. 8160-8900 m. | Policordia

( A ngustebranchia ) ]

laevis, Poromya E. A. Smith, 1885: 55. South Pacific. 15-805 m. | Poromya]

lamellifera, Neaera Dali, 1881: 113. Northwest Atlantic. 153-457 m. [My oner a]

lamellosa , Neaera M. Sars, 1859: 62; 1869: 257. Nom. nud. = Cuspidaria lamellosa (G. O. Sars, 1878)

lamellosa , Neaera G. O. Sars, 1878 {ex M. Sars MS): 88. North Atlantic. 91-1015 m. [Cuspidaria]

lamothei, Verticordia Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897a: 30. East Atlantic, West Indian Ocean. 126-

608 m. [Haliris]

lanieri, Cuspidaria Strong & Hertlein, 1937: 163. East Central Pacific. 37-402 m. [Cardiomya]

lata, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 79. = Theora lata (Hinds, 1843) [Semelidae]

latesulcata, Neaera Tenison-Woods, 1878: 123. West Pacific. 30 m. [ Cuspidaria ]

laticella, Myonera Dali, 1886b: 305. West Atlantic. 3111 m. [ Bathyneaera ]

ledaeformis. Cuspidaria Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897a: 29. Central Atlantic. 1300-1600 m.

[IHalonympha]

leiomyoides, Cuspidaria Poutiers, 1981: 340. Tropical West Pacific. 415-510 m. [Halonympha]

leonina, Dermatomya Dali, 1916a: 22, nom. nud:, 1916b: 406. = Poromya {Dermatomya) tenuiconcha

Dali, 1913

levifrons, Cuspidaria Cotton, 1930: 235. Southern Australia. 550 m. [Cardiomya ( Kurodamya)]

ligula, Cuspidaria Yokoyama, 1922: 169. Northwest Pacific. 10-300 m. [Plectodon]

limatula. Neaera Dali, 1881: 112. Northwest & West Central Atlantic. 230-1000 m. | Myonera ]

lindbergi, Cardiomya Scarlato, 1972: 125. = Cardiomya gouldiana (Hinds, 1843)

lisbethae. Policordia Knudsen, 1970: 132. East Central Atlantic. 2690 m. [Policordia]

lischkei, Cuspidaria {Myonera) E. A. Smith, 1891: 438. Northwest Pacific. 3429 m. [ Myonera [

longirostris, Anatina Lamarck, 1818: 463. = Cuspidaria rostrata (Spengler, 1793)

lubangensis, Cuspidaria Poutiers, 1981: 348. Tropical West Pacific. 191-195 m. [Cuspidaria]

lucifuga, Cuspidaria P. Fischer. 1887: 1155, nom. nud:, Locard, 1898: 184. = Cuspidaria undata

(Verrill, 1884)

Ivrata, Neaera Hinds, 1844: 97. = Raeta lyrala (Hinds, 1844) [Mactridae]

macrorhynchus, Cuspidaria E. A. Smith, 1895: 12. Indo-Pacific. 400-1190 m. | Cuspidaria [

mactroides, Poromya (Dermatomya) Dali, 1889: 448. East Pacific. 637-3060 m. [Poromya ( Derma¬

tomya )[

maculata, Policordia (Angustebranchia) Ivanova, 1977: 184. West Pacific. 9000-9050 m. | Policordia

( A ngustebranchia ) [

magnifica. Lyonsiella Dali, 1913: 595. Tropical East Pacific. 115-300 m. [Lyonsiella]

Source : MNHN. Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

163

major, Cuspidaria rostrata var. Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897b: 220. = Cuspidaria rostrata (Spengler,

1793)

makiyamai, Verlicordia (Hal iris) Habe in Kuroda, 1952: 10. = Haliris ( Setaliris ) pygmaea (Kuroda,

1952)

malespinae, Cetoconcha Dali, 1916a: 22, nom. nud.; 1916b: 407. = Poromya (Cetomya) malespinae

Ridewood, 1903

malespinae, Poromya Ridewood, 1903: 272. Northeast Pacific. 2104-2871 m. [Poromya (Cetomya)]

maoria, Halicardia Dell, 1978: 162. Southwest Pacific. 676-713 m. | Halicardia \

margarita, Poromya ( Cetoconcha ) Dali, 1886b: 284. West Central Atlantic. 715-1864 m. [Cetoconcha]

marmorea, Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) Bernard, 1989: 64. = Cuspidaria (Rhinoclama) fdatovae (Bernard,

1979)

maxima, Cuspidaria Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897a: 28. East Atlantic. 1850-3200 m. [ Cuspidaria ]

media, Cuspidaria Verrill & Bush, 1898: 800. Northwest Atlantic. 115-283 m. [Cuspidaria]

media, Lyonsiella Okutani, 1962: 30. = Policordia pilula (Pelseneer, 1911)

mediopacifica, Euciroa Kosuge, 1979: 35. Central Pacific. 170-370 m. [? Euciroa]

meridionalis , Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 43. South Indian Ocean. 3566 m. | Cuspidaria \

mexicana, Myonera Knudsen, 1970: 134. East Pacific. 2110-3557 m. [My oner a]

microdonta. Poromya ( Cetomya ) Dali, 1890: 290. = Poromya tornata (Jeffreys, 1876)

microrhina, Cuspidaria rostrata var. Dali, 1886b: 295. Northwest Atlantic. 183-931 m. [Cuspidaria]

millegemmata, Euciroa Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, 1952: 14. West Pacific. 100-365 m. | Euciroa |

minor, Pseudoneaera Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 258. West Indian Ocean. 50 m. [ Pseudoneaera [

mitis , Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) Prashad, 1932: 328. Indo-Pacific. 500-1620 m. [Cuspidaria]

moeshimaensis, Verlicordia (Haliris) Habe, 1953: 133. = Haliris multicostata (A. Adams, 1862)

moluccana, Neaera Adams & Reeve, 1850: 84. = Cuspidaria elegans (Hinds, 1843)

monosteira, Cuspidaria (?) Dali, 1890: 281. West Central Atlantic. 850-1864 m. [Verticordia]

morelandi, Cuspidaria Dell, 1956b: 39. South Pacific. 238-549 m. [Cuspidaria]

morioria, Cuspidaria Dell, 1956b: 40. South Pacific. 238 m. [1 Cuspidaria]

morrisae, Cuspidaria Poutiers & Bernard sp. nov. West Pacific. 230 m. | Cuspidaria ]

multicarinata, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) Prashad, 1932: 322. = Cardiomya alcocki (E. A. Smith, 1894)

multicostata, Neaera Verrill & Smith in Verrill, 1880: 398. = Cardiomya striata (Jeffreys, 1876)

multicostata, Verticordia A. Adams, 1862: 224. West Pacific. 50-450 m. [Haliris]

murrayi, Lyonsiella Knudsen, 1967: 297. West Indian Ocean. 1207-1463 m. [Policordia]

murrayi, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 319. Mid-North Pacific. 5304 m. [Myonera ( Rengea)]

nasuta, Cuspidaria Sowerby, 1904: 16, non A. Adams, 1864. = Cuspidaria capensis (E. A. Smith, 1885)

nasuta, Neaera A. Adams, 1864: 207. Northwest Pacific. 100-150 m. | Cuspidaria ]

natalensis, Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 148. Southwest Indian Ocean. 2640 m. [Cuspidaria]

neaeroides , Poromya Seguenza, 1876b: 270. North and Central Atlantic, Mediterranean. 208-1350 m.

[Poromya]

neozelanica, Eetorisma Dell, 1956b: 43. South Pacific. 549 m. [Poromya]

niasensis, Poromya Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 252. East Indian Ocean. 660 m. I? Poromya (Cetomya)]

nipponensis, Halicardia Okutani, 1957: 30. Northwest Pacific. 400-1500 m. [Halicardia]

nipponica, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) abyssicola Okutani, 1962: 35. Northwest Pacific. 360-1480 m.

| Cardiomya \

nitens, Cuspidaria Locard, 1898: 181. Northeast Atlantic. 905-2200 m. [Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )]

nitida, Poromya Adams & Reeve, 1850: 43. = Leptomya nitida (Adams & Reeve, 1850) [Semelidae]

nitida, Thracia Verrill, 1884: 221. = Cetoconcha bulla (Dali, 1881)

nobilis, Neaera A. Adams, 1864: 207. West Pacific. 50-300 m. | Cuspidaria ]

notabilis , Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 497. Northeast & East Central Atlantic. 1100-4734 m. [Cuspidaria

( Rhinoclama )]

novemcostatus, Hippagus Adams & Reeve, 1850: 76. =? Trigonulina ornata d'Orbigny, 1846

nybelini, Cuspidaria Odhner, 1960: 381. = Cuspidaria undata (Verrill, 1884)

164

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

oahuensis, Policordia "Dali, 1895” Higo & Goto, 1993: 679. = Allogramma oahuensis (Dali, 1913)

[?Lyonsiidae]

obesa, Neaera Loven, 1846: 202. Arctic, North Atlantic. 73-4453 m. \Cuspidaria\

obliqua , Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) De Boer, 1985: 101. North Atlantic. 60-245 m. \Cardiomya\

obliqueovata, Policordia ( Latebranchia ) Ivanova, 1977: 189. West Pacific. 1100-1640 m. | Policordia/

obtusirostris, Cuspidaria Okutani, 1962: 34. Northwest Pacific. 620-1640 m. [ Cuspidaria ]

occidua, Cuspidaria Cotton, 1931: 347. Southern Australia. 132-148 m. [Cuspidaria]

ochotensis , Cardiomya Scarlato, 1972: 125. Northwest Pacific. 144-207 m. \Cardiomya]

ochotensis, Poromya granuloderma Scarlato, 1981: 429. = Poromya granuloderma Scarlato, 1981

ochotica , Policordia Scarlato, 1981: 419. West Pacific. 660 m. | Policordia ( Dallicordia )]

octaporosa , Cuspidaria ( Myonera ) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 476. North Atlantic. 3459-5000 m.

\Octoporia\

okezoko , Cuspidaria Okutani, 1985: 146. Northwest Pacific. 400 m. \Cuspidaria\

okutanii, Cardiomya behringensis Scarlato, 1972: 122. = Cardiomya behringensis (Leche, 1883)

olivacea , Policordia Poutiers sp. nov. Tropical West Pacific. 980-1080 m. | Policordia \

oldroydi, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Dali in Oldroyd, 1924: 33. = Cardiomya pectinata (Carpenter, 1864)

opalina, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 78. = Theora opalina (Hinds. 1843) [Semelidae]

optima, Cuspidaria Sowerby, 1904: 17. Southwest Indian Ocean. 44-564 m. [Cuspidaria]

optima, Verticordia Sowerby, 1894a: 39. = Euciroa eburnea (Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

orbiculata, Verticordia ( Laevicordia ) Seguenza, 1876a: 112. Mediterranean. Depth unknown. | Laevi-

cordia |

oregonensis , Poromya Ridewood, 1903: 274. Norn. dub.

orientalis , Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 257. Indian Ocean. 50 m. [Cardiomya]

orientalis , Poromya Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 251. West Indian Ocean. 693-1644 m. [ Poromya

( Cetomya )\

ornata. Trigonulina d'Orbigny, 1846: 292. West Atlantic, East Pacific. 18-850 m. [Trigonulina]

ornatissima, Sphena d'Orbigny in de la Sagra, 1846: 286. West Atlantic. 34-620 m. [Cardiomya]

ovata, Policordia ( Latebranchia ) Ivanova, 1977: 191. West Pacific. 5740-6040 m. [Policordia]

pacifica, Euciroa Dali, 1895b: 688. Mid-North Pacific. 435-910 m. [Euciroa]

pacijica, Lyonsiella Dali, 1908: 428. Mid Pacific. 2090 m. [Laevicordia]

paleifera, Bathyneaera Krylova, 1993: 57. Tropical West Atlantic. 6800-8330 m. [Bathyneaera]

pailoloana, Cuspidaria ( Myonera ) Dali. Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 225. Mid-North Pacific. 506-604 m.

[Myonera]

panamensis, Cuspidaria Dali, 1908: 432. Tropical East Pacific. 915-1281 m. [Cuspidaria]

papyracea, Lyonsiella E. A. Smith, 1885: 73. Southeast Indian Ocean. 3562 m. [Policordia]

papyria, Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 498. Northeast Atlantic. 2652 m. [ICuspidaria]

parapodema, Cuspidaria Bernard, 1969: 2232. East Pacific. 53-320 m. | Cuspidaria \

parkeri. Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 150. Tropical East Pacific. 2790-2817 m. [Cuspidaria]

parthenopaea, Cumingia Tiberi, 1855: 10. = Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839)

parva, Cuspidaria Verrill & Bush, 1898: 801. North & Central Atlantic. 257-4659 m. [Cuspidaria]

parva , Lyonsiella Okutani, 1962: 29. Northwest Pacific. 1230-1350 m. [Lyonsiella]

patagonica, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 39. Southeast Pacific. 302 m. [Cuspidaria]

paucistriata , Myonera Dali, 1886b: 302. Atlantic. 600-3806 m. [Myonera]

paucistriata, Neaera “Dali” Bush, 1885: 473, nom. nud. = Cardiomya gemma Verril & Bush, 1898

pectinata, Neaera Carpenter, 1864: 602, 637, nom. nude, 1865: 54. East Pacific. 45-210 m. [Cardiomya]

pellucida, Neaera Stimpson, 1853: 21. Northwest Atlantic. 95-944 m. [Cuspidaria]

pelseneeri, Cetoconcha Pelseneer, 1911: 79. Habitat unknown. [Cetoconcha]

pergranosa, Poromya Pelseneer, 1911: 78. = Poromya australis E. A. Smith, 1885

pergranosa, Poromya ( Poromya ) Prashad, 1932: 326. = Poromya australis E. A. Smith, 1885

periplomoides. Cuspidaria Sakurai & Habe in Habe, 1961: 146 & App. 41. Northwest Pacific. 200 m.

[TPseudoneaera]

perla. Poromya Dali. 1908: 428. Northeast Pacific. 2071-3518 m. [Perlaporomya]

Source

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

165

perplexa, Lyonsiella Allen & Turner, 1974: 437. West Atlantic. 2041-4429 m. \Lyonsiella\

perplicata , Verticordia Dali, 1890: 278. East Pacific. 1000-1500 m. [Halicardia]

perrostrata, Neaera ornatissima var. Dali, 1881: 110. West Atlantic. 35-761 m. \Cardiomya\

persculpta, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Prashad, 1932: 332. = Cardiomya alcocki (E. A. Smith, 1894)

perversa, Verticordia Dali, 1886b: 289. Northwest Atlantic. 1337 m' \ Verticordia\

philippinensis. Halicardia Poutiers, 1981: 353. Tropical West Pacific. 592-610 m. \Halicardia\

philippinensis, Neaera ( Rliinomya ) A. Adams, 1864: 207, nom. nud.; non Neaera philippinensis Hinds,

1843. = Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama ) adamsi Heppell & Morgan, 1981

philippinensis. Neaera Hinds, 1843: 78. West Pacific. 36-55 m. [ Cuspidaria (Luzonia)\

pilula, Lyonsiella Pelseneer, 1911: 76. West Pacific, Gulf of Alaska (Ivanova, 1977). 100-2980 m.

[ Policordia \

pilula, Lyonsiella Prashad, 1932: 325. = Policordia pilula (Pelseneer, 1911)

pinna. Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Verco, 1908: 200. Southern Australia. 220-549 m. | Cardiomya]

planetica, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Dali, 1908: 433. East Pacific. 25-3000 m. [Cardiomya]

planulata, Lysonsiella Thiele, 1912: 232. = Lyons ia arcaeformis Martens, 1885 [Lyonsiidael. See Dell

(1990: 63)

platensis, Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 45. Southwest Atlantic. 100-1100 m. \Cuspidaria\

plicata, Cuspidaria Thiele, 1912: 233. = Cuspidaria tenella E. A. Smith, 1907

podobeda, Octoporia Krylova, 1994b: 42. Southeast Pacific, 2140 m. [Octoporia]

polpodes, Cuseidaria (sic) Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897a: 28, nom. null. Error for Cuspidaria colpodes

Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1897

potli, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Sturany, 1901: 264. = Cardiomya alcocki (E. A. Smith, 1894)

pretiosa. Myonera (?) Verrill & Bush, 1898: 812. Northwest Atlantic. 618 m. |? My oner a\

prolatissima, Cuspidaria Poutiers, 1981: 348. Tropical West Pacific. 170-407 m. \Cuspidaria]

pseustes, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) Dali, 1908: 432. = Cardiomya planetica (Dali, 1908), fide E. Coan

(in litt. 1992)

pulchella, Neaera (Cardiomya) H. Adams, 1871: 789. = Cardiomya singaporensis (Hinds, 1843)

pulchella, Poromya Adams & Reeve, 1850: 83. = Raeta (Raetellops) pulchella (Adams & Reeve,

1850) [Mactridae]

pygmaea, Verticordia (Haliris) Kuroda, 1952: 10. Northwest Pacific. 30-200 m. \ Ha Hr is (Setaliris) \

quadrata, Lyonsiella Hedley, 1907a: 303. Southwest Pacific. 146 m. [ Lyonsiella \

quadrata. Verticordia Dali, 1886b: 290. Atlantic. 630-4980 m. | Verticordia)

quadrostrata. Myonera angularis Poutiers, 1984: 292. West Indian Ocean. 3700-3716 m. \Bathyneaera\

quaylei, Lyonsiella Bernard, 1969: 2232. East Pacific. 350-1800 m. \ Lyonsiella]

radiata, Anatina Calcara, 1840: 40. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

radiata, Lyonsiella Dali, 1889: 442, nom. nud:, 1 890: 276. Southeast Pacific. 675-821 m. | Policordia |

raoulensis, Austroneaera Powell, 1958: 78. Southwest Pacific. 75-85 m. | Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )]

rara, Cuspidaria Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 253. = Cuspidaria optima Sowerby, 1904

rectangulata, Policordia (Angustebranchia) Ivanova, 1977: 180. West Pacific. 8175-9380 m. | Policordia

( Angustebranchia )\

rectimarginata. Cardiomya Dell, 1962: 69. South Pacific. 550 m. \Cardiomya\

renovata, Neaera Tiberi, 1855: 9. = Cuspidaria rostrata (Spengler, 1793)

reticulata, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) Kuroda, 1948: 19. Northwest Pacific. 100-800 m. \Cardiomya\

rhomboidea, Verticordia Hedley, 1906b: 72, non Tate, 1887. = Haliris (Setaliris) setosa (Hedley, 1907)

robiginosa, Cardiomya Okutani & Sakurai, 1964: 23. = Cardiomya behringensis (Leche, 1883)

romanchensis, Poromya Odhner, 1960: 374. = Poromya tornata (Jeffreys, 1876)

ros, Cuspidaria (Halonympha) Verco, 1908: 201. Southern Australia. 235-550 m. \Halonympha\

rosea, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 78. West Pacific. 9-55 m. [Cuspidaria]

rostra. Myonera Poutiers & Bernard sp. nov. West Central Pacific. 280-440 m. | Myonera \

rostrata, Euciroa (Acreuciroa) Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 249. West Pacific and East Indian Ocean.

200-550 m. [Acreuciroa]

rostrata, Mya Spengler, 1793: 42. Arctic, North and Central Atlantic. 18-2997 m. | Cuspidaria |

166

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

rostrata, Poromya Rehder, 1943: 189. Northwest & West Central Atlantic. 110-183 m. [Poromya]

rostratocostellata , Corbula Acton, 1855: 3. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

rotundata, Poromya Jeffreys, 1876: 494. = Poromya granulata (Nyst & Westendorp, 1839)

rugata, Neaera (Rhinomya) Angas. 1867: 914, non A. Adams, 1864. = Plectodon brazieri (E.A.

Smith, 1885)

rugata , Neaera ( Rhinomya ) A. Adams, 1864: 207. Northwest Pacific. 46 m. \Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama)\

ruginosa , Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 942. East Atlantic. 250-3400 m. [1 Protocuspidaria ( Edentaria )\

rugosa, Octoporia Krylova, 1994b: 44. Southern Australia. 5020 m. | Octoporia]

saha, Cardiomya Knudsen, 1982: 133. West Central Atlantic. 235 m. | Cardiomya]

sadoensis , Cuspidaria Okutani & Ito, 1983: 167. Northwest Pacific. 200-275 m. \Cuspidaria]

sagamiana, Cardiomya Okutani & Sakurai, 1964: 21. = Cardiomya tosaensis (Kuroda, 1948)

sagamiensis, Dermatomya tenuiconcha Okutani, 1962: 32. = Poromya ( Dermatomya ) tenuiconcha

Dali, 1913

saharica, Mytilimeria Locard, 1898: 213. East Central Atlantic. 1495 m. \Halicardia\

salamensis, Cuspidaria Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 254. West Indian Ocean. 404 m. \Halonympha\

sansibarica, Poromya Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 251. West Indian Ocean. 404-463 m. | Poromya |

sarsii , Silenia E.A. Smith, 1885: 75. Southwest Atlantic, Southeast Indian Ocean. 3566-4846 m.

\Cetoconcha\

scaber, Plectodon Carpenter, 1866: 207. East Pacific. 20-250 m. | Plectodon \

scapha, Cetoconcha Dali, 1902: 561. Tropical East Pacific. 183 m. \Poromya ( Cetomya )\

seguenzae, Verticordia Dali, 1886b: 290. West Atlantic. 227-1 170 m. \ Verticordia \

semicostata, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Prashad, 1932: 333. Tropical West Pacific. 411 m. | Cardiomya

( Kurodamya )\

semipellucida, Cuspidaria (1 Plectodon) Kuroda, 1948: 24. Northwest Pacific. 100-250 m. | Pseudoneae-

ra\

semirostrata , Cuspidaria Locard, 1898: 177. Atlantic. 2030-3175 m. \Cuspidana\

semistrigosa , Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 941. Northeast and tropical Atlantic. 330-1220 m. [ Cuspidaria

( Rhinoclama) \

septentrionalis, Cuspidaria (Cardiomya) gouldiana Kuroda, 1948: 18. = Cardiomya gouldiana (Hinds,

1843)

setosa , Verticordia Hedley, 1907a: 303, nom. nov. pro Verticordia rhomboidea Hedley, 1906, non Tate,

1887. Southwest Pacific. 146-293 m. [ Haliris ( Setaliris )\

sibogai, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) Prashad, 1932: 331. Indonesia. 2060 m. \Cardiomya )

simillima, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomya ) E.A. Smith, 1915: 104. = Cardiomya cleryana (d’Orbigny, 1845)

similis , Rhinoclama (Austroneaera) Krylova, 1994a: 61. Southeast Pacific. 380-570 m. | Cuspidaria

( Rhinoclama )\

simplex, Cuspidaria {Luzonia) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 485. East Central Atlantic. 619-2357 m.

\Cuspidaria ( Luzonia )]

simplis, Protocuspidaria ( Edentaria ) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 498. North Atlantic. 1624-4825 m.

| Protocuspidaria ( Edentaria ) |

simulans, Cuspidaria Tate, 1897: 44. Southern Australia. 75-275 m. | Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )\

singaporensis, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 77. Indo-Pacific. 10-200 m. [Cardiomya]

sinica, Cardiomya Xu, 1980: 338. Northwest Pacific. 104-220 m. | Cardiomya \

sinuosa, Octoporia Krylova, 1994b: 40. Northwest, Southern Australia. 4440-5540 m. | Octoporia \

sinuosa, Pecchiolia Jeffreys, 1882: 932. North Atlantic, Mediterranean. 1200-2500 m. \Laevicordia\

smidti, Lyonsiella Friele, 1886: 38, nom. nov. pro Lyonsiella jeffreysi E.A. Smith, 1885, non Friele,

1879. Atlantic. 3300-4400 m. \Laevicordia]

smithi, Lyonsiella Dautzenberg, 1927: 348, nom. nov. pro Lyonsiella jeffreysi E. A. Smith, 1885, non

Friele, 1879. = Laevicordia smidti (Friele, 1886)

smithi , Lyonsiella Prashad, 1932: 325, non Dautzenberg, 1927. = Laevicordia abscissa (Pelseneer,

1911)

smithii , Cetoconcha Dali, 1908: 431. East Central & Southeast Pacific. 302-3436 m. [ Cetoconcha \

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

167

smithii, Vulcanomya Dali, 1886b: 299, nom. nov. pro Neaera adunca E.A. Smith, 1885 non Gould,

1861. Habitat unknown. \Cuspidaria ( Vulcanomya )[

solidula, Cuspidaria ( Cuspidaria ) Prashad, 1932: 330. Tropical West Pacific. 522 m. \Cuspidaria\

soyoae, Poromya (Dermatomya) Habe, 1952a: 274, nom. nud. = Dermatomya tenuiconcha var. soyoae

Habe, 1952b

soyoae, Dermatomya tenuiconcha var . Habe, 1952b: 158. = Poromya (Dermatomya) tenuiconcha Dali,

1913

spinosa. Euciroa Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 249. West Indian Ocean. 404-463 m. | Euciroa]

spinosa , Verticordia ( Haliris ) Bernard, 1969: 2233. Tropical East Pacific. 275 m. \HaUris)

spinulosa, Poromya Thiele, 1912: 232. Antarctic. 300-400 m. [Poromya]

steindachneri, Cuspidaria Sturany, 1901: 261. Indo-Pacific. 106-1308 m. [Cuspidaria]

striata. Neaera Jeffreys, 1876: 495. Atlantic. 150-2650 m. [Cardiomya]

striata. Poromya Sowerby, 1904: 16. South Africa. 97-384 m. [ Poromya [

striatella , Halonympha Verrill & Bush, 1898: 810. West Atlantic. 618-760 m. [Halonympha]

striolata. Cuspidaria Locard, 1898: 195. Northeast Atlantic, Mediterranean. 322-2100 m. [Cardiomya]

subglacialis, Cuspidaria Dali, 1913: 593. Northeast Pacific. 2000 m. [ Cuspidaria [

sublevis, Poromya Verrill, 1884: 221. = Poromya tornata (Jeffreys, 1876)

subrotundata, Policordia (Latebranchia) Ivanova, 1977: 192. North Pacific. 1050 m. [Policordia]

subquadrata. Pecchiolia Jeffreys, 1882: 932. North Atlantic. 298-3340 m. [Lyonsiella]

subtorta. Neaera G. O. Sars, 1878: 87. Arctic, North Atlantic. 0-990 m. [ Cuspidaria |

suganumai, Cuspidaria Nomura, 1940: 101. Northwest Pacific. 106-220 m. | Cuspidaria [

sulcata, Corbula Wood, 1840: 243, nom. nud. = Cuspidaria jugosa (Wood, 1850)

sulcata. Neaera Loven, 1846: 202. = Cardiomya costellata (Deshayes, 1833)

sulcifera, Neaera Jeffreys, 1880: 316, nom. nud.; 1882: 937. Northeast Atlantic. 80-1250 m.

[Cuspidaria]

sumatrana, Poromya Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 252. East Indian Ocean. Depth unknown. [Poromya]

surinamensis, Cardiomya Altena, 1971: 78. West Central Atlantic. 6-95 m. [ Cardiomya [

tanabensis, Plectodon ( Pseudoneaera ) Habe, 1960: 288. = Cuspidaria (Leiomya) adunca (Gould,

1861)

tasmanica, Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 152. Southwest Pacific. 4400 m. [Myonera]

tasmanica. Neaera Tenison-Woods, 1876: 27. Southern Australia, (fide Tate, 1897: 44). [IPseudo-

neaera]

tenella, Cuspidaria E. A. Smith, 1907: 1. Antarctic. 183-1674 m. [Cuspidaria]

tenerrima , Verticordia Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931: 246. West Indian Ocean. 463 m. | Verticordia [

tenuiconcha. Poromya ( Dermatomya ) Dali, 1913: 596. Northeast & Northwest Pacific. 100-2200 m.

| Poromya ( Dermatomya)]

tenuis, Neaera Hinds, 1844: 97. = Raeta (Raetella) tenuis (Hinds, 1844) [Mactridae]

tenuissima. Cetoconcha Okutani, 1966: 9. Northwest Pacific, 500-1000 m. [Cetoconcha]

teporis, Haliris Poutiers & Bernard, sp. nov. West Pacific. 390 m. [Haliris]

teramachii. Cuspidaria Kuroda, 1948: 14. Northwest Pacific. 100 m. | Cuspidaria [

teramachii, Euciroa (Acreuciroa) Kuroda, 1952: 15. = Acreuciroa rostrata (Thiele & Jaeckel, 1931)

teres, Neaera Jeffreys, 1882: 939. North Atlantic. 252-3000 m. [Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama)]

testai, Cuspidaria Knudsen, 1970: 154. Northwest Atlantic. 4380 m. [Cuspidaria ( Rhinoclama )[

thaumasia, Pseudoneaera Sturany, 1901: 11. Red Sea, Indian Ocean. 247-1082 m. | Pseudoneaera \

thomassini. Protocuspidaria ( Edentaria ) Poutiers, 1984: 295. West Indian Ocean. 3716 m. [Protocus-

pidaria (Edentaria)]

tillamookensis, Myonera Dali, 1916a: 23, nom. nud.; 1916 b: 407. East and Southwest Pacific, tropical

East Atlantic. 436-2850 m. | Bathyne aera]

tomlini, Cuspidaria (Cuspidaria) Prashad, 1932: 330. West Central Pacific. 275 m. [ Cuspidaria [

tornata, Pecchiolia Jeffreys, 1876: 494. North and Central Atlantic, West & Central Indian Ocean.

2085-5300 nt. | Poromya [

torrida, Verticordia Hedley, 1906a: 473. Southwest Pacific. 31-37 m. | Vert ambitus]

168

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

tosaensis, Cuspidaria ( Cardiomyc ) Kuroda, 1948: 18. Northwest Pacific. 28-300 m. \Cardiomya\

trailli , Neaera Hutton, 1873: 62. Southwest Pacific. 9-202 in. [Cuspidaria]

transversa, Poromya Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1938: 224. Mid-North Pacific. 474-487 m. | Poro-

mya\

transversa, Verticordia Locard, 1898: 201. Northeast Atlantic, West Indian Ocean. 3700-4165 m.

[Cetoconcha]

trapeza, Euciroa Poutiers, 1982: 331. West Pacific. 250-550 m. [Euciroa]

trapezoidea, Verticordia Seguenza, 1876a: 110. = Haliris granulata (Seguenza, 1858)

triangularis , Verticordia Locard, 1898: 207. Atlantic. 200-3862 m. [ Vert ambitus]

trigona, Neaera Hinds, 1843: 78. Habitat unknown. |? Cuspidaria]

trigonalis , Cuspidaria Tate, 1897: 45. Southern Australia. 27-64 m. |? Pseudoneaera]

trigonata. Thyasira Yokoyama, 1922: 158. Northwest Pacific. 50-150 m. | Simplicicordia ]

trosaetes , Cuspidaria Dali, 1925: 16. Northwest Pacific. 50-650 m. | Cuspidaria (Nordoneaera)]

trosti, Poromya Strong & Hertlein, 1937: 163. Northeast Pacific. 37-398 m. | Poromya ( Dermatomya )]

truncata, Cuspidaria Hedley, 1905: 47. Southwest Pacific. 203 m. \l Cuspidaria]

truncata. Neaera Jeffreys, 1880: 316, nom. nude, 1882: 936. North Atlantic. 710-1340 m. [Pseudoneae¬

ra]

tuberata, Poromya Jeffreys, 1882: 936. = Poromya neaeroides Seguenza, 1876

tuhua, Cuspidaria Dell, 1962: 67. South Pacific. 494 m. [Cuspidaria]

turgida, Cuspidaria Verrill & Bush. 1898: 799. Northwest Atlantic. 3338 m. ] Cuspidaria \

typus, Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840: 50. = Cuspidaria cuspidata (Olivi, 1792)

umbonata , Poromya Knudsen, 1982: 129. West Central Atlantic. 850 m. [Poromya]

undata, Neaera Verrill, 1884: 223. Atlantic, Indian Ocean. 4320-5300 m. [Cuspidaria]

undosa, Poromya Hedley & Petterd, 1906: 224. Southwest Pacific. 457-549 m. | Poromya]

uschakovi, Lyonsiella Gorbunov, 1946: 321. Arctic. 1475-2209 m. | Policordia ( Dallicordia )]

vadosa, Verticordia Hedley, 1907a: 303. Southwest Pacific. 146 m. | Vert ambitus]

valdiviae, Cuspidaria Thiele & Jaeckel. 1931: 225. Indian Ocean. 693-1644 m. [Cuspidaria (Rhinocla-

ma)\

variola , Cuspidaria Bernard, 1979: 16. Northeast Pacific. 2520-2884 m. | Cuspidaria ]

velvetina, Leiomya (Plectodon) granulata var. Dali, 1886b: 300. = Plectodon granular us (Dali, 1881)

ventricosa, Cuspidaria Verrill & Bush, 1898: 802. Atlantic. 349-3235 m. [Cuspidaria]

verityi, Protocuspidaria (Protocuspidaria) Allen & Morgan, 1981: 496. Atlantic. 943-4706 m.

| Protocuspidaria]

verticordia, Verticordia Nordsieck, 1969: 170, non S.Wood, 1840 (nom. nud. = Verticordia

cardiiformis (Sowerby, 1844), a fossil species of Europe). = Spinosipella acuticostata (Philippi,

1844)

vitrea, Neaera Loven, 1846: 202. = Cuspidaria abbreviata (Forbes, 1843)

walleri, Cuspidaria (Luzonia) Bernard, 1989: 64. Northeast Pacific. 100-450 m. | Cuspidaria (Luzo-

nia) |

wellmani. Austroneaera Fleming, 1948: 82. Southwest Pacific. 7-55 m. | Pseudoneaera ]

willetti, Cuspidaria Fleming, 1948: 81. South Pacific. 26-64 m. | Cuspidaria \

wollastonii. Neaera E. A. Smith, 1885: 40. Atlantic. 103-3175 m. | Cuspidaria ]

woodi, Verticordia E. A. Smith, 1885: 168. West Atlantic. 180-1850 m. [Verticordia]

Note 1: Though Myonera is considered here as a full genus, distinct from Cuspidaria, the name

Cuspidaria ( Myonera ) atlantica Allen & Morgan, 1981, is a primary homonym of Cuspidaria

(Cuspidaria) atlantica Allen & Morgan, 1981, and consequently invalid, according to Article 57d of

the Code dealing with irrelevance of subgeneric names on homonymy between species-group names.

Then, the species has to be renamed, and I am pleased to give it herein the new name of Mvonera

alleni, in honour of my talented friend. Dr John A. Allen of the University Marine Biological

Station, Millport.

Source : MNHN, Paris

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

169

Note 2: 1 have examined the type of Mytilimeria compressa Locard in mnhn. It consists of a

single left valve showing lucinoid but not verticordioid affinities: the shell is lenticular, without an

external granulation; the interior is not nacreous, the pallial line without a sinus, and the anterior

adductor muscle scar elongate, with a ventral expansion parallel to the pallial line.

Note 3: The systematic placement of Lyonsia formosa Jeffreys has been much disputed, and

is still controversial. First considered a member of family Lyonsiidae, this species has been made a

Lyonsiella by Allen & Turner (1974) on anatomical grounds. Later, on the basis of Allen &

Turner’s study, Scarlato & Starobogatov (1983) created for it the monogeneric family

Spinolyonsiellidae and new genus Spinolyonsiella. However, as Dall (1903) already made L. formosa

the type species of Allogramma , Spinolyonsiella cannot stand and is an objective junior synonym of

Allogramma.

I refrain from adopting these nomenclatural changes, as it appears that the identity of L.

formosa ( sensu Allen & Turner) is problematical. Actually, it is possible that two species (perhaps not

closely related) have been mixed, one mainly bathyal, the other abyssal (Poutiers, 1984). Then, the

form Dall had in view when erecting Allogramma might be different from that studied by Allen &

Turner.

APPENDIX 1

STATION DATA

musorstom 1 (Philippines)

Stn 5, 19. III. 76, North of Lubang Island, 14°01.5' N, 120°22' E, 200-215 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria convexa.

Stn 25, 22.111.76, North of Lubang Island, 14°02.5' N, 120°22' E, 191-200 m, sand and mud; gear: 4

m beam trawl: Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 26, 22. III. 76, North of Lubang Island, 14°00' N, 120° 17' E, 189 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Poromya butoni.

Stn 31, 22. III. 76, North of Lubang Island, 14°00' N, 120°17.5' E, 187-195 m, mud; gear: 4 m beam

trawl: Cuspidaria prolatissima , Poromya butoni.

Stn 34, 23. III. 76, North of Lubang Island, 13°59.5' N, 120° 17.5' E, 188-191 m; gear: 5 m beam trawl:

Poromya butoni.

Stn 42, 24.111.76, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°54.5' N, 120°29' E, 379-407 m, hard

mud; gear: 5 m beam trawl: Acreuciroa rostrata, Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 43, 24. III. 76, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°50' N, 120°28' E, 448-484 m, mud

with plant remains and stones; gear: 5 m beam trawl: Acreuciroa rostrata.

Stn 44, 24.111.76, South of channel between Lubang and Luzon islands. 13°46.5'N, 120"29.5' E,

592-610 m, mud with plant remains; gear: 5 m beam trawl: Halicardia philippinensis , Euciroa

eburnea.

Stn 47, 25.111.76, Southeast of Lubang Island, 13°41.5'N, 120°30'E, 685-757 m, mud with plant

remains; gear: 5m beam trawl: Euciroa eburnea.

Stn 49, 25. III. 76, West of Lubang Island, 13°49' N, 120°00.5' E, 750-925 m, mud; gear: 4 m beam

trawl: Spinosipella costeminens.

Stn 50, 25. III. 76, West of Lubang Island, 13°49' N, 120°02' E, 415-510 m. mud; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Halonympha leiomyoides. Poromya eximia.

Stn 58, 26.Ili.76. North of Lubang Island, 13°58.5' N, 120°14' E, 143-178 m, sand and mud; gear: 4

m beam trawl: Cardiomya gouldiana.

170

JEAN-MAUR1CE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

Stn 61, 27.111.76, North of Lubang Island, 14°01' N, 120°17.5' E, 124-129 in, mud; gear: 4 m beam

trawl: Poromya butoni.

Stn 63, 27.III.76, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.5' N, 120°16' E, 191-195 m, mud; gear: 4 m beam

trawl: Cuspidaria lubangensis, Cuspidaria steindachneri.

Stn 71, 28. III. 76, Northeast of Lubang Island, 14°09.5' N, 120°26.5' E, 174-204 m, sand and mud;

gear: 4 m beam trawl: Cuspidaria gigantea, Cuspidaria hindsiana.

Stn 72, 28. III. 76, Southwest of Corregidor Island, 14°12.5' N, 120°29' E, 122-127 m, hard mud; gear:

4 m beam trawl: Poromya butoni.

Stn 73, 28.111.76, Southwest of Corregidor Island, 14°16'N, 120°31.5'E, 70-76 m, sand and mud;

gear: 4 m beam trawl: Poromya butoni.

musorstom 2 (Philippines)

Stn 2, 20. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island. 14°00.5' N, 120°17.3' E, 184-186 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa.

Stn 6, 20. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 13°56.5' N, 120°21.5' E, 136-152 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa.

Stn 10, 21. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.7' N, 120°18.2' E, 188-195 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria gigantea , Euciroa crassa.

Stn 11, 21.XI.80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.3' N, 120°19.3' E, 194-196 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria japonica.

Stn 15, 21. XI. 80, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°55' N, 120°28.9' E, 326-330 m; gear:

4 m beam trawl: Acr euciroa rostrata.

Stn 17, 22. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.5' N, 120° 17.8' E, 174-193 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroacrassa, Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 19, 22.XI.80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.6' N, 120°17.4' E, 189-192 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroamillegemmata, Cuspidaria nobilis, Poromya butoni.

Stn 21, 22.XI.80, North of Lubang Island, 14°01.2' N, 120°17.6' E, 191-192 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria nobilis , Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 25, 23. XI. 80, Verde Island Passage, 13°39.5'N, 120°42.9' E, 520-550 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria kyushuensis, Cardiomya alcocki , Poromya eximia.

Stn 26, 23. XI. 80, Verde Island Passage, 13°49'N, 120°50.3'E, 299-320 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa , Cuspidaria corrugata, Cuspidaria gigantea, Cuspidaria prolatissima, Poromya

butoni.

Stn 32, 24.XI.80, Verde Island Passage, 13°40.5'N, 120°54' E, 192-220 m; gear: geological dredge:

Euciroa millegemmata.

Stn 33, 24.XI.80, Verde Island Passage, 13°32'N, 121”07.5' E, 130-137 m; gear: 1.20 x 0.50 m

rectangular dredge: Spinosipella deshayesiana, Haliris multicostata.

Stn 39, 25. XI. 80, South of Mompog Passage, 13°08' N, 122°36.3' E, 1030-1190 m; gear: 4m beam

trawl: Cuspidaria macrorhynchus , Poromya eximia.

Stn 40, 25.XI.80, South of Mompog Passage, 13°08' N, 122°40.2' E, 280-440 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Myonera rostra.

Stn 44, 26.XI.80, Mompog Passage, 13°23.5'N, 122°20.6' E, 760-820 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria macrorhynchus, Poromya eximia.

Stn 46, 26.XI.80, Mompog Passage, 13°26.2'N, 122°17.3' E, 445-520 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Poromya eximia.

Stn 49, 26.XI.80, Northwest of Marinduque Island, 13°38.8' N, 121°43.2' E, 416-425 m; gear: 4 m

beam trawl: Cuspidaria convexa.

Stn 50, 27.XI.80, East of Golo Island, 13°37.4'N, 120°33' E. 810-820 m; gear: 4 in beam trawl:

Euciroa eburnea.

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

171

Stn 51, 27. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 13°59.8' N, 120°17' E, 170-187 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Spinosipella deshayesiana, Euciroa crassa, Cuspidaria gigantea, Cuspidaria nobilis, Cuspidaria

prolatissima.

Stn 55, 27. XI. 80, West of Cabra Island, 13°53.4' N, 119°57.8' E, 865-866 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Spinosipella costeminens.

Stn 56, 28. XI. 80, West of Cabra Island, 13°54.1'N, 119°56.7'E, 970 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cetoconcha exigua.

Stn 59, 28. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.4' N, 120°17' E, 186-190 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria nobilis , Poromya butoni.

Stn 63, 29. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 14°07.3' N, 120°15.5' E, 215-230 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

C uspidaria pro la l issima .

Stn 64, 29.XI.80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.8' N, 120°18.6' E, 191-195 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa, Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 68, 29. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 14°01.2' N, 120°18.2' E, 195-199 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa, Cuspidaria japonica , Cuspidaria nobilis, Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 71, 30. XI. 80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.6' N, 120°18.5' E, 189-197 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa, Cuspidaria nobilis.

Stn 72, 30.XI.80, North of Lubang Island, 14°00.4' N, 120°18.6' E, 182-197 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Euciroa crassa, Cuspidaria corrugata, Poromya butoni.

Stn 75, 01. XII. 80, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 1 3°5 1 .9' N, 120°30.1' E, 300-330 m;

gear: 4 m beam trawl: Acreuciroa rostrata, Cetoconcha boucheti, Poromya eximia.

Stn 78, 01. XII. 80, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°49.5' N, 120°28.5' E, 441-550 m;

gear: 4 m beam trawl: Acreuciroa rostrata, Poromya eximia.

Stn 79, 01. XII. 80, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°44'N, 120°31.7' E, 682-770 m;

gear: 4 m beam trawl; material: Euciroa eburnea.

Stn 80, 01. XII. 80, South of Cape Santiago, Luzon Island, 13°45.2'N, 120°37.5' E, 178-205 m; gear:

4 m beam trawl: Cuspidaria corrugata, Cuspidaria nobilis, Cuspidaria prolatissima.

Stn 81, 01.X1I.80, Verde Island Passage, 13°35.3' N, 121°01.3' E, 856-884 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Myonera dautzenbergi.

Stn 82, 02. XII. 80, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°47' N, 120°28.8' E, 550 m; gear:

4 m beam trawl: Euciroa eburnea, Acreuciroa rostrata, Poromya eximia.

Stn 83, 02. XII. 80, channel between Lubang and Luzon islands, 13°55.9' N, 120°30.5' E, 318-320 m;

gear: 4 m beam trawl: Acreuciroa rostrata, Cuspidaria prolatissima.

corindon 2 (Makassar Strait, Indonesia)

Stn 208, 3 LX. 80, East of Borneo, 0°14.6' S, 117°52' E, 150 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl: Cetoconcha

gloriosa. , , .

Stn 231, 04.XI.80, Northwest of Sulawesi, 0°04.9' N, 1 19°47.8' E, 980-1080 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Policordia olivacea.

Stn 267, 07.XI.80, West of Sulawesi, 1°56.6' S, 119°16.7'E, 134-186 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cuspidaria nobilis.

Stn 280, 08.XI.80, West of Sulawesi, 1°59' S, 1 19°09.9' E, 715-800 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl: Myonera

dautzenbergi.

Stn 281, 08.XI.80, West of Sulawesi, 1°59' S, 119"09.9'E, 715-800 m; gear: 4 m beam trawl:

Cardiomya alcocki.

172

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

" Albatross ” (Northeastern Borneo)

Stn 5582, 26.IX.09, Si Amil Island, off Darvel Bay, 4°19.9' N, 1 18H58.6' E, 1628 m, gray mud and fine

sand; gear: 12-foot beam trawl: Halicardia lioubricki.

“Vauban" 1978-1979 (Southern New Caledonia)

Stn 2, 23.V.78, 22°17' S, 167°14' E, 425-430 m: Spinosipella deshayesiana, Haliris multicostata.

Stn 3! 23.V.78, 22° 17' S, 167° 12' E, 390 m: Haliris teporis.

Stn 4, 23.V.78, 22°17' S, 167° 13' E, 400 m: Spinosipella deshayesiana.

Stn 9, 24.V.78, 22°20' S, 167°10' E, 175-200 m: Celoconcha japonica.

Stn 14, 28.V.78, 22° 16' S, 167° 17' E, 465-495 m: Euciroa trapeza.

Stn 15, 10.IV.78, 22°49' S, 167° 12' E, 390-395 m: Spinosipella deshayesiana , Euciroa eburnea.

Stn 16, 19. IV. 78, 22°46' S, 167° 12' E, 390-400 m: Spinosipella deshayesiana.

Stn 33, 06.V1.79, 22°33' S, 166°25' E, 290-350 m: Euciroa trapeza.

Stn 34, 06.VI.79, 22°32' S. 166°26' E, 350-420 m: Euciroa trapeza.

Stn 39, 07.VI.79, 22°29' S, 166°23' E, 375-550 m: Euciroa trapeza.

Stn 40, 07. VI. 79, 22°30' S, 166°24' E, 250-350 m: Haliris multicostata. Euciroa trapeza.

Stn 42, 26. IX. 79, 22°08' S, 167°04'E, 230-260 m: Spinosipella deshayesiana, Cuspidaria clathrata,

Cuspidaria morrisae , Myonera caduca.

APPENDIX 2

System of the bivalve molluscs of the superorder Septibranchia.

O. A. Scarlato & Ya. I. Starobogatov (1983)

[Translation by J.-M. Poutiers & J. P. Rocroi ]

Septibranch bivalve molluscs are distinguished by an extreme uniformity of their conchological

characters. Each of the 3 Recent orders of this superorder (Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1979) is

characterized on the whole by 1-2 types of shells. Hinges generally differ the one from the other only

in their degree of reduction (i.e. by a negative feature); moreover, even the most complete hinge is

so reduced that it is difficult to conclude whether it results from an heterodont or a preheterodont

hinge (the second proposal seems to us the most likely). Ligaments are also completely uniform

that is, either marginal and visible from the outside (in Fordillidae and in Recent poromyoid forms),

or with a developed resilium and provided with a lithodesma (in verticordioid and cuspidarioid

forms). Simultaneously, the accumulation of anatomical data (among the most recent ones: Knudsen

1970; Allen & Turner, 1974; Bernard, 1974; Ivanova, 1977; Allen & Morgan, 1981; Morton,

1982) instances the rather important taxonomic diversity of the superorder’s components. One is

entitled to conclude that the arguments of conchological order generally used for the generic

classification of bivalves are inapplicable to septibranchs, and that one is confronted with a basic

problem, the elaboration of new criteria suitable for the superorder in question.

To classify families and high level taxa, we propose to use anatomical characters, and first of

all the branchial apparatus-septum structure — the organ that best characterizes the representatives

of the superorder. It appears especially appropriate since study of the septibranchs anatomy is by far

much more complete than the one of other bivalve molluscs.

Nowadays, it is very well established (Allen & Morgan, 1981) that septum developed mainly

at the expense of the inner demibranchs and by reduction of the reflexion of their filaments. The

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

173

following can be added to that is exposed in the above mentioned work. The hypothesis of Allen

& Morgan, attributing the origin of posterodorsal septal muscles in muscular fibres of the outer

demibranch’s filaments, perfectly suit for the poromyoid forms, especially since it is easy to relate the

posterior group of the septal openings of Cetoconchidae to the interfilamental grooves of the outer

demibranch. On the contrary, posterior septal musculature of the cuspidarioid forms seems to have

another origin. Judging on their disposition, posterolateral muscles (but in primitive cuspidarioids,

only them and those situated in posterior part of septum) derive from musculature of the

intersiphonal wall. Then, to increase efficiency of the septum’s function, posterodorsal muscles

originate, probably completely at the expense of the gathering of posterior fibres of the lateral

muscles; posterodorsal muscles are no more necessary, and this leads to their gradual reduction

(Allen & Morgan, 1981). The lateral septal muscles, initially diffuse, even after separation of the

posterodorsal muscles, and adhering generally along a line, concentrate into 2 pairs of fibres. A series

of basic differences can be noticed about the septal openings disposition (reticulate windows, groups

of openings, variable number of the series of openings).

By means of basic features of the branchial apparatus, verticordioid forms can be grouped in

two suborders, according to the degree of development of the outer demibranchs and to the stomach's

structure (Ivanova, 1977). A small group, representatives of which have a complete septum, can be

even related to cuspidarioid forms, and placed in a particular suborder. In the group of cuspidarioid

forms, differences in the septum structure allow to split these forms into several families which are

grouped together in two superfamilies; a third superfamily comprises the Eocene cuspidarioids with

a developed nacreous layer (for that, they are often placed among poromyoids, despite their shell

shape). For similar reasons, poromyoid forms must also be grouped in 2 superfamilies and 4 families.

We are not concerned with systematics of genera, since it needs a thorough study. However,

grouping of the main known genera in families compels us to establish series of genera, when

representatives of a traditional conchological genus fall in different families. The extinct order of

conocardioids has been already considered (Starobogatov, 1977). It is more varied when shell

structure is taken into account, and since a conchological classification is easy to do. About the

septum structure of its representatives, one may notice that two types of distribution can be observed

there for the lateral muscles, and that the same exists in cuspidarioids: along a line or in a few

bundles.

In the above exposed system, to designate the geological age of each genus, we use the latin

abbreviation of the epoch (with R for Recent). Besides, to avoid coincidence between denominations

of orders and suborders and those of genera, we use standardized suffixes, which are not of common

usage in malacology, but are accepted in the systematics of other groups of animals: -oidei for

suborders, -iformes for orders, -iformii for superorders; and we recommend that, in future, their use

becomes widespread in malacology, because they are more convenient.

Superorder Septibranchia Pelseneer, 1889 ( = Conocardiiformii Neumayr, 1891).

Order Verticordiiformes Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1971.

Suborder Fordilloidei Pojeta, 1975.

Gills composed of two demibranchs; a dorsal projection in stomach.

Superfamily Fordilloidea. Fordillidae Pojeta, 1975: Fordilla Barrande, 1881 — Cm, Neofordilla

Krasilova, 1977 — O.

Superfamily Parilimyoidea. Parilimyidae Morton, 1981: Procardia Meek, 1871 — J-Cr, Bucardiomya

Rollier in Cossmann, 1912 — J-Pg, (?) Triplicosta Cooper, 1897 — Pg, Parilimya Melvill &

Standen, 1899 — R, Panacea Dali, 1905 — R, Nipponipanacca Habe, 1977 — R.

Superfamily Euciroidea. Euciroidae Dali, 1894: Euciroa Dali, 1881 R, Acreuciroa Thiele & Jaeckel,

1931 — R, Kurinuia Marwick, 1942 — Pg; Lyonsiellidae Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1971:

Lyonsiella G. Sars, 1872 — R. Proagorina Iredale, 1930 — R. Rectilyonsiella gen. nov. (type

174

JEAN-MAUR1CE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

species Lyonsiella compressa Allen & Turner, 1974. Shell rectangular, elongate, compressed;

sculpture of raised and distinct small radial lines; hinge without teeth) — R; Policordiidae

Scarlato, 1980: Halicardia Dali, 1895 — R, Halicardissa Dali, 1913 — R, Vertisphaera Iredale,

1930 — R, Policordia Dali, Bartsch & Rehder, 1939 — R (in this genus we provisionally

include genus Latebranchia Ivanova gen. nov.; for its diagnosis, see: Ivanova, 1977: 189, type

species Policardia obliquaeovata Ivanova, 1977 here designated by Ivanova).

Suborder Verticordioidei Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1971.

Gills are only composed of the inner demibranchs and sometimes by remnants of posterior part of

the outer demibranchs; no dorsal projection in stomach.

Spinolyonsiellidae fam. nov. Shell rectangular, as in lyonsiellids, with prosogyrous and sharply

prominent umbones. Surface with small spines arranged in radial rows; radial sculpture absent

or formed by a keeled flexure posteriorly and a few nearby ribs; hinge without teeth:

Spinolyonsiella gen. nov. (type species Lyonsia formosa Jeffreys, 1881. Shell with slightly

anterior umbones; dorsal margin feebly curved; radial ribs well marked) — R, Allenicordia

gen. nov. (type species Pecchiolia subquadrata Jeffreys, 1881. Shell with strongly prosogyrous

and decidedly anterior umbones; dorsal margin strongly curved, especialy in front of umbones;

radial ribs absent) — R; Verticordiidae Stoliczka, 1871: Verticordia Sowerby, 1844 (with

subgenus Spinosipella Iredale, 1930) — Pg-R, Vertambitus Iredale, 1930 - R, Haliris Dali,

1886 (with subgenus Setaliris Iredale, 1930) — R, Pecchiolia Savi & Meneghini in Murchison,

1850 — Pg-Ng, Trigonulina d’Orbigny, 1846 — R, Simplicicordia Kuroda & Habe, 1971 — R,

Laevicordia Seguenza, 1876 — Ng-R, Angustebranchia Ivanova gen. nov. (for its diagnosis, see:

Ivanova, 1977: 177-180, type species Policardia rectangulata Ivanova, 1977, here designated by

Ivanova) — R.

Order Conocardiiformes Neumayr, 1891.

Suborder Eopterioidei subordo nov.

Valves open under the action of a ligament and are closed by 1 or 2 adductors; septal muscles

attached to valves by 3 pairs of bundles.

Superfamily Eopterioidea. Two adductors. Eopteriidae Miller, 1889: Eopteria Billings, 1865 O;

Stolidotidae Starobogatov, 1977: (?) Myona Kobayashi, 1935 — Cm, Eoischyrina Kobayashi,

1933 — O, Maminka Barrande, 1881 — O-S, Siolidotus Hede, 1915 — S.

Superfamily Pseudotechnophoroidea. One adductor. Pseudotechnophoridae Starobogatov, 1977:

Pseudotechnophorus Kobayashi, 1933 — O.

Suborder Conocardioidei Neumayr, 1891.

Valves heavy; in living animal, they remain closed and are only pulled apart as growth goes on;

adductors reduced; septal muscles not gathering in bundles and attached along a line.

Superfamily Euchasmatoidea. Wanwaniidae fam. nov. Keel flexure feeble. Wanwania Kobayashi,

1933 — O, Apoplopegma Pojeta, G.-T., Sherg., 1977 — O, Euchasmatidae Starobogatov, 1977:

Euchasma Billings, 1865 — O, Euchasmella Kobayashi, 1933 — O, Pseudeuchasma Kobayashi,

1933 — O, Tenka Barrande, 1881 — O-S, Telinka Barrande, 1881 — S-D, Conocardiopsis

Beushausen, 1895 D.

Superfamily Conocardioidea. Bransoniidae Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976: Bransonia Pojeta & Runnegar,

1976 — O-P, Mulseodens Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976 — S-D, Pseudoconocardiwn Zavodowsky,

1960 — C-T; Hippocardiidae Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976: Hippocardia Brown, 1843 — O-C,

Rhipidocardium Fischer, 1887 — S, Bigalea Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976 — S-D; Conocardiidae

Miller, 1889: Conocardium Brown, 1835 — D-C, Arceodomus Pojeta & Runnegar, 1976

C-P.

Source :

ANOMALODESMATA FROM THE TROPICAL PACIFIC

175

Suborder Ribeirioidei Kobayashi, 1933.

Superfamily Ribeirioidea. Shell oval or elongate, with a rounded anterior margin, without keel or

radial sculpture. Ozomiidae Starobogatov, 1977: Ozomia Walcott, 1934 O; Ribeiriidae

Kobayashi, 1933: Ribeiria Sharpe, 1853 — Cm-O, Pinnocaris Etheridge, 1878 — Cm-O,

Ribeirina Billings, 1865 — O.

Superfamily Technophoroidea. Shell quadrate, elongate, with a sharp keel and often a radial

sculpture on carinal area. Technophoridae Miller, 1889: Kimopegma Pojeta, Gilbert-

Tomlinson & Shergold, 1977 — Cm, Pleuropegma Pojeta, Gilbert-Tomlinson & Shergold,

1977 — Cm, Opikella Runnegar & Pojeta, 1974 — Cm, Anisotechnophorus Pojeta & Runnegar,

1976 — O, Technophorus Miller, 1889 — O, Mvocaris Salter, 1864 — O.

Superfamily Ischyrinioidea. Tomalchoviidae Starobogatov, 1977: Cymatopegma Pojeta, Gilbert-

Tomlinson & Shergold, 1977 — Cm, Tolmachovia Howell & Kobayashi, 1936 — O,

Ptychopegma Pojeta, Gilbert-Tomlinson & Shergold, 1977 — O, Pauropegma Pojeta,

Gilbert-Tomlinson & Shergold, 1977 — O; Ischyriniidae Kobayashi, 1933: Ischirinia Billings,

1866 — O.

Order Poromyiformes Pelseneer, 1906.

Superfamily Dermatomyoidea. Septum with pairs of reticulated areas. Dermatomyidae fam. nov.

Two pairs of reticulated areas: Dermatomya Dali, 1889 — R, Ectorisma Tate, 1892 — We

include here most species of genus Poromya, but those grouped with P. granulata (Nyst &

Vestendorp) — R, Cetomya Dali, 1889 — R, Liopislha Meek, 1864 — Cr, Psilomya White,

1874 — Cr, Cymella Meek, 1864 — Cr; Perlaporomyidae fam. nov. One (medial) pair of

reticulated areas: Perlaporomya gen. nov. (type species Poromya perla Dali, 1908. Shell

quadrate, quite as long as high; very small tubercles covering the outer surface; posterior part

demarcated by a feeble groove; one subumbonal tooth on right valve, with a corresponding

socket on left valve; reticulated areas with 18 to 20 filaments) — R.

Superfamily Poromyoidea. Septum with groups of paired pores. Cetoconchidae Ridewood, 1903:

Cetoconcha Dali, 1886 — R; Poromyidae Dali, 1886: Poromya Forbes, 1884 — R,

Mioporomya Sacco, 1901 — Ng.

Order Cuspidariiformes Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1971.

Suborder Dallicordioidei subordo nov. Shell verticordioid; a very large incoming siphonal opening,

with many tentacles around; septum with 2 groups of openings on each side (in front of and

behind the foot); septal musculature developed towards left; bundles obvious, corresponding

with the existing filaments of inner demibranch.

Dallicordiidae fam. nov. Shell interiorly nacreous, septum with 4 pairs of openings: 2 pairs near the

oral funnel and 2 pairs behind the foot; posterior part of oral lobes largely united with septum,

Dallicordia gen. nov. (type species Lyonsiella alaskana Dali, 1895. Shell rounded, irregularly

pentagonal, truncated on anterior margin and rounded towards posterior margin; sculpture

composed of narrow radial threads; hinge without teeth. L. ushakovi Gorbunov and Policordia

ochotica Scarlato can also be placed in this genus) — R.

Suborder Cuspidarioidei Scarlato & Starobogatov, 1971.

Shell cuspidariid, with reduced siphonal openings, thus located both inside the rostrum at siphon s

extremity; septum with only one group of openings (4 to 20) on each side, strongly

muscularized; besides are developed, firstly 2 anterior pairs of muscles, and also posterior (1

or 2 pairs) and lateral (in a line or in 2 pairs) muscles.

Superfamily Neaeroporomyoidea. Neaeroporomyidae fam. nov. Shell interiorly nacreous, its

posterior part somewhat drawn out into a rostrum; hinge with a subumbonal tooth on each

valve: Neaeroporomya Cossmann, 1887 — Pg, Pseudocuspidaria Eames, 1951 — Pg.

Superfamily Protocuspidarioidea. Protocuspidariidae fam. nov. Shell not nacreous, rostrum short so

that the anterior part of dorsal shell margin is straight and horizontal; hinge without teeth or

176

JEAN-MAURICE POUTIERS & FRANK R. BERNARD

with an anterior tooth on only one valve or on both valves; septum comprising more than 10

pairs of short filaments among which septal openings are distributed: Bidentaria Allen &

Morgan, 1981 — R, Protocuspidaria Allen & Morgan, 1981 — R, Edentaria Allen & Morgan,

1981 — R.

Superfamily Cuspidarioidea. Halonymphidae fam. nov. 8-20 pairs of septal openings; among the

posterior septal muscles, posterolateral ones are only present; lateral septal muscles attached

along a line: Halonympha Dali & Smith, 1886 — R. Allenineaera gen. nov. (type species Neaera

circinnata Jeffreys, 1881. Shell oval quadrate, with a well-marked, straight, short rostrum and

with a straight dorsal margin; sculpture composed of fine concentric ribs) — R, Octoporia gen.

nov. (type species Myonera octoporosa Allen & Morgan. 1981. Shell drawn out in its posterior

part in a long, rounded at the end, rostrum; dorsal and ventral margins of rostrum slightly

concave; sculpture composed of concentric ridges, more strongly impressed on anterior part;

hinge without teeth) — R; Cardiomyidae fam. nov. 4-5 pairs of septal openings; posterodorsal

and posterolateral muscles simultaneously present; lateral septal muscles attached along a line:

Cardiomya A. Adams, 1864 — Cr-R, Kurodamya Okutani & Sakurai, 1964 R.

Semicardiomya gen. nov. (type species Myonera demistriata Allen & Morgan, 1981. Shell with

radial ribs on posterior half or on central and posterior parts, but with concentric ribs on

anterior part; hinge without teeth) — R. Bathyneaera gen. nov. (type species Cuspidaria hadalis

Knudsen, 1970. Shell compressed, with a feebly demarcated, rather short rostrum; strong

radial ribs on posterior half of valves; hinge without teeth) — R; Myoneridae fam. nov. 4-5

pairs of septal openings; posterodorsal muscles only present; lateral septal muscles attached

along a line: Jeffreysiomya Nordsieck, 1969 — Cr-R. Vulcanomya Dali, 1886 — R, Leiomya

A. Adams, 1864 — R. Pseudoneaera Sturany, 1902 — R, Rhinoclama Dali & Smith, 1886

R, Luzonia Dali & Smith, 1886 — R, Tergulina Doncieux. 1911 - Pg. Bowdenia Dali, 1963

Ng, Rengea Kuroda & Habe. 1971 — R, Myonera Dali & Smith, 1886 — R. Plectodon

Carpenter, 1864 — Ng-R; Cuspidariidae Dali, 1886. 4-5 pairs of septal openings; postero¬

dorsal muscles only present; lateral septal muscles united in 2 pairs of fibres, attached at

extremity to valves: Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840 — R — Here, we only place C. cuspidata (Olivi),

C ■ Jeffrey si (Dali), C. ventricosa Verrill & Bush, C. parkeri Knudsen, C. barnardi Knudsen — ,

Austroneaera Powell, 1937 — R — Here, because of the shell form, we include also Rhinoclama

abrupta Allen & Morgan, 1981 and we determine the systematic placement of genus because

of the anatomical features of this species.

ACKNOWLEDGEM ENTS

The first author wishes to thank Drs P. Bouchet and the late R.S. Houbrick for

communication of material on which this paper is based, as well as Drs E. Coan and K.J. Boss for

fruitful suggestions to improve this paper, and Dr A. Matsukuma for kind help about Japanese

literature. He is also grateful to Mr J.P. Rocroi and Ms A. Sasaki for translating papers written

respectively in Russian and in Japanese; and to Mr P. Lozouet for the careful photography.

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