^ 2 C © 4L Co^3U .
: t^Peri-Tethys Memoir 2
Structure and Prospects
of Alpine Basins and Forelands
Edited by
Peter A. Ziegler
& Frank HorvAth
ATLAS
MEMOIRES DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE
TOME 170
1996
Source: MNHN, Paris
PLATE I
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
PALEOZOIC CRUSTAL BLOCKS
ON PERMIAN BASE MAP
LEGEND
s
Fault
Thrust Fault
Block Outline
Coastline
Political Boundaries
Caledonian Suture (Silurian-Middle Devonian)
Hercynian Suture (Carboniferous)
Kilometers
1 : 30 , 000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
BM = Brno-Malopolska
RH = Rheno-Hercynian Basin
FOOTNOTES:
1. Fenno-Scandian Orogeny - Late Cambrian
2. Sandomirian Orogeny - Late Cambrian
3. Caledonian Orogeny - Middle Late Silurian
4. Late Silurian - Early Devonian Collision (Avalonia vs. Armorica)
5. Hercynian Orogeny - Middle Carboniferous
Yilmaz, P. O . Norton. I O.. Leary. D. & Chuchla,
R J.. 1996. Tectonic evolution and paleogeographv of
Europe. In: Ziegler. P A & Horvath. F. (eds).
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem Mus. natn. Hist, nut., 170
47-60 + Enclosures M3. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0
PECHORA
BALTICA
GONDWANA
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
'Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
Source: MNHN, Paris
'ANDIAN
PLATFORM
• WARSAt
MOESIA
TIRANA
CIMMERIA
PLATE II
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
MID-CARBONIFEROUS
NAMURIAN (322 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
v
Spreading Center
X
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
Active Subduction
y
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
y* *
Transform Fault
....
w
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
/
Thrust Fault
y/
Strike-Slip Fault
Shelf Deposition
f
\
Basin or Slope Deposition
ivormai rauii
\
Fault
Deep Ocean Deposition
\
%
x
Folds
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
4
/
Sediment Source
Magmatism Related to
Extension
D Oi i + li n a
fr
diock uuume
A A
A A
Evaporites
\
Coastline
Political Boundaries
250
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
AM
=
Armorican Massif
AVC
=
Arverno-Vosgian Cordillera
BM
=
Bohemian Massif
CA
=
Carnic Alps
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
D
=
Dobrudgea
LC
=
Ligerian Cordillera
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
SAX
=
Saxothuringian Basin
SIL
=
Upper Silesian Basin
SH
=
Sudetic High
SX
=
Saxothuringian Massif
WH
=
Welsh High
OVERVIEW:
• Collision of Armorican and South European blocks resulted in the Hercynian Orogeny.
• Extensive deformation is seen across Northern Europe at this time with large dextral shear along the collision zone. Syn-tectonic granites
and continental elastics occur along the deformation front.
• Flysch was deposited in the Cantabrian and Rhenish basins.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Marine connection existed through Tethys.
2. Deep marine Culm facies were deposited in the Rhenish basin.
3. The Apulian block was characterized by neritic sedimentation.
Yilmaz. P. O., Norton, I. O.. Leary, D. & Chuchi.a.
R J.. 19% Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of
Europe. In. Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Pen-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nut., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Source: MNHN. Paris
PLATE III
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
UPPER CARBONIFEROUS
WESTPHALIAN A/B (306 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
X
Spreading Center
m
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
V
/
Active Subduction
y
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
/
Transform Fault
/
/
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Thrust Fault
/
Strike-Slip Fault
Shelf Deposition
\
it
Basin or Slope Deposition
ivormai rauii
Fault
Deep Ocean Deposition
X
/
Folds
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Sediment Source
Magmatism Related to
Extension
diock uumne
A A
A A
Evaporites
\
Coastline
"\
Political Boundaries
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
AM
=
Armorican Massif
AVC
=
Arverno-Vosgian Cordillera
BM
=
Bohemian Massif
CA
=
Carnic Alps
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
D
=
Dobrudgea
PT
=
Polish Trough
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
SAX
=
Saxothuringian Zone
SB
=
Saar Basin
SIL
=
Upper Silesian Basin
WH
=
Welsh High
OVERVIEW:
• The Variscan phase of Hercynian deformation consisted of faulting, folding, emplacement of post-tectonic granitic intrusives, and thick
continental sedimentation in the developing foredeep.
• Flysch was deposited in the Cantabrian basin and Carnic Alps.
FOOTNOTES:
1 Thick coal measures were deposited in the foreland basin.
2. Marine connection was cut off as the foredeep filled in Northern Europe.
3. The upper Silesian basin records the northeastward migration of the Hercynian deformation front. This basin was initially part of the
Hercynian foredeep but was stranded as an intermontane basin as the deformation front swept to the northeast.
4. Apulian shelf sedimentation was locally disrupted by Variscan tectonism.
Yilmaz. P. O., Norton. I O.. Leary. D. & Chuchla,
R J.. 1996 Tectonic evolution and paleogcography of
Europe. In: Ziegler. P A & Horvath, F. (cds).
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. nam. Hist, not., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0
BIBt.OUl
.museum;
\PARB
V'/
R0CKALL- HATTON,
\ BANK y
BELORUSSIAN
\ MASSIF
AVALON HIGH
UKRANIAN
MASSIF
CAUCASIA A
PLATFORM
TRANSCAUCASIA
MASSIF
CENTRAL
GONDWANA
SHELF «
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
Source: MNHN, Paris
PLATE IV
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
LOWER PERMIAN
ROTLIEGENDES (254 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Spreading Center
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
^ Active Subduction
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Shelf Deposition
Basin or Slope Deposition
Deep Ocean Deposition
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Magmatism Related to
Extension
A A
A A
Evaporites
/
x
Transform Fault
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Fault
Folds
Sediment Source
Block Outline
Coastline
Political Boundaries
0 250 500
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
SYMBOLS:
C-S = Corsica-Sardinia
D = Dobrudgea
NSH = Mid-North Sea High
PT = Polish Trough
RM = Rhodope Massif
WAT = Western Approaches Basin
WH = Welsh High
OVERVIEW:
• Post-Hercynian orogenic collapse resulted in rifting and volcanism, and localized subsidence and sedimentation.
• Autunian volcanism in Germany and Poland was followed by lacustrine deposition in intermontane grabens.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Deposition was mostly non-marine with intermittent marine influence. Rotliegendes clastic reservoir facies were deposited.
2. Sedimentation was accommodated partially by thermal subsidence but mostly by space provided by the relict Variscan foredeep.
3. Possible dextral shear between Gondwana and Fennosarmatia created intracontinental transform systems resulting in local transtension
and formation of pull-apart basins. Faults have relatively small displacement and grabens are filled with continental elastics.
4. Deposition of continental evaporites characterized the southern European margin.
5. Marine shelf sedimentation occurred in the Apulian area. Rifting initiated and red beds were deposited (Verrucano facies of the Alps).
Yii.maz, P O., Norton. I. O.. Leary, D. & Chuchla,
R. J.. 1996. Tectonic evolution and palcogcography of
Europe. In. Ziegi.er, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. nain. Hist, not., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
BIB;.. DU
MUSI JM I
P <* * - -s'
'FENNOSCANDIAN
PENEPLAIN,
BELORUSSIAN
PLATEAU
CAUCASIAN
SHELF
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
PLATE V
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
UPPER PERMIAN
ZECHSTEIN (251 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
□
A A
A A
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Shelf Deposition
Basin or Slope Deposition
Deep Ocean Deposition
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Magmatism Related to
Extension
Evaporites
r
/
X
Spreading Center
Active Subduction
Transform Fault
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Fault
Folds
Sediment Source
Block Outline
Coastline
Political Boundaries
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
500
□
SYMBOLS:
B-C
=
Budva-Cukali Basin
BM
=
Bohemian Massif
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
D
=
Dobrudgea
EME
=
Eastern Mediterranean Basin
LN
-
Lago Negro Basin
LOM
=
Lombardi Basin
NSH
=
Mid-North Sea High
PT
=
Polish Trough
REN
=
Rhenish Massif
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
WAT
=
Western Approaches Trough
WH
=
Welsh High
OVERVIEW:
• Extensive faulting continued during continental clastic sedimentation. The collapse of the Hercynian orogeny setup Mesozoic rifting
events in southern Europe and North Africa.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Marine connection was established with the transgression of Arctic (Boreal) seas into the area of the Southern Permian basin. This trans¬
gression is represented by the Kupferschiefer facies. In this inland Zechstein sea, eustatic cycles generated alternating carbonate and
evaporite deposits.
2. Boreal Zechstein and Tethyan seas were initially connected via Dobrudgea. This connection was severed during deposition of the Main
Dolomite.
3. The Apulian platform was rifted. Evaporite and continental facies were deposited.
4. Eastern Mediterranean rift propagated westward.
5. Indicates the conceptual position of Cimmerian blocks that collided with the Moesian platform during Late Triassic time.
Yilmaz, P O., Norton, I O., Leary, D. & Chuchla,
R. J., 19%. Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of
Europe. In: Ziegler. P A & Horvath, F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. naln. Hist nut., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
PERMIAN
MASSIF
BUCHAREST
PLATFORM
/ +
MASSIF
CENTRAL
GONDWANA SHELF
CIMMERIA
TIRANA
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
Source: MNHN, Paris
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
PLATE VI EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
MESOZOIC CRUSTAL BLOCKS
ON PRESENT-DAY BASE MAP
LEGEND
X
Spreading Center
y
Active Subduction
/
Transform Fault
/
/
Thrust Fault
/
Strike-Slip Fault
\
\
Normal Fault
V
Fault
X
Folds
X
Sediment Source
/
J
Block Outline
Coastline
y'~
Political Boundaries
■x>
Tertiary Volcanics
,r' ^
y
Yilmaz, I* O.. Norton. I. O.. Leary, D & Chuchla,
R J.. 19% Tectonic evolution and palcogcography of
Europe, In Ziegler, P A & Horvath, F (eds),
Pen -Tethys Memoir 2 : Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem Mus. nam. Hisi mu., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13 Paris ISBN 2-85653-507-0
250
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
500
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
'Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe"
Source. MNHN. Paris
BUCHAREST
TAURIDE
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
PLATE VII EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
UPPER TRIASSIC
RHAETIAN (210 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Shelf Deposition
Basin or Slope Deposition
Deep Ocean Deposition
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Magmatism Related to
Extension
Spreading Center
Active Subduction
Transform Fault
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Fault
Folds
Sediment Source
Block Outline
250
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
B
=
Brianconnais
B-C
=
Budva-Cukali Basin
C-A
=
Cantabrian-Aquitaine Basin
C-S
r
Corsica-Sardinia
FP
=
Friuli Platform
GIB
=
Gibraltar
J
=
Julian Platform
LOM
=
Lombardi Basin
PEL
=
Pelagonian Massif
PH
=
Pyrenean High
PIN
=
Pindos Zone
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
S-l
=
Strepenossa-lmerese Basin
VH
=
Vindelician High
WH
=
Welsh High
Evaporites
Coastline
Political Boundaries
Yilmaz, P O.. Norton. I. O.. Leary, D. & Chuchla,
R. J.. 1996. Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of
Europe. In: Ziegler. P A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. nam. Hist. nut.. 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
OVERVIEW:
• Triassic was characterized by regional extension with a system of multidirectional grabens superimposed on and partially controlled by
Hercynian structural trends.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Tethyan oceanic rifting propagated westward. Rifting manifested itself in extensive fault-bounded troughs filled with Verrucano conglom¬
erate facies. Alternating platform/basin paleogeography characterized the Apulian block.
2. The Burano Formation was deposited in shallow water evaporitic basins.
3. Deep water elastics (Riva di Solto Fm.) were deposited in half-grabens in the Po basin. Kossen marl deposition was dominant on the shal¬
low North Pannonian platform.
4. Norwegian-Greenland rift propagated south.
5. During the Late Triassic, long-standing south-facing subduction of Paleo-Tethys ocean ended with the collision of Cimmerian blocks with
Europe.
6. Cimmerian deformation of Late Triassic-Early Jurassic manifested in the Polish Trough as local angular unconformities.
7. Continental clastic deposition and alkaline (rift) volcanism occurred in Morocco.
8. Widespread coastal plain, inner shelf sabkha facies and clastic deposition dominated North Africa.
BIB
31 /
musfjm
RAf
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
Source: MNHN, Paris
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
LOWER JURASSIC
TOARCIAN (179 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
m
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
X
Spreading Center
m
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
y
Active Subduction
,/
i ■
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
/
Transform Fault
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
/
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
■
Shelf Deposition
\
Basin or Slope Deposition
\
iMormai Fault
\
Fault
■
Deep Ocean Deposition
\
X
Folds
■
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Sediment Source
w
■
Magmatism Related to
Extension
/
block Outline
A A
A A
Evaporites
V
Coastline
\
Political Boundaries
OVERVIEW:
• Tethyan rift system remained active. Regional subsidence was associated with extension.
• Extensive marine connection was established between Arctic and Tethyan seas.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Active flysch deposition continued along the Cimmerian deformation front (Nalbantian flysch, Tauridian flysch and Akgol flysch basins).
Structures indicate Early Jurassic deformation. Dogger plutons stitch the suture zone.
2. Rifting developed into crustal separation in Eastern Mediterranean (Antalya area).
3. Alternating platform/basin paleogeography continued to characterize Apulia. Significant progradation of carbonate platforms occurred.
4. Rifting of the Brianconnais and Tisza blocks opened the Valais trough.
Yilmaz, P. O., Norton. I. O.. Leary, D. & Chuchla.
R. J., 1996. Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of
Europe. In Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath. F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. nain. Hist, nut., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
S/BLDU
nn*r r
0 250 500
M 1 M |
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
SYMBOLS:
B
=
Brianconnais
B-C
=
Budva-Cukali Basin
BEL
=
Belluno Platform
C
=
Crimea
CM
=
Cornubian Massif
c-s
=
Corsica-Sardinia
D
=
Dobrudgea
FP
=
Friuli Platform
L-C
=
Lisbon-Cavalla Basins
LOM
=
Lombardi Basin
P
=
Provence
PH
=
Pyrenean High
PIN
=
Pindos Zone
PT
=
Polish Trough
R
=
Rharb Basin
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
SA
=
Saharan Atlas
SAP
=
South Apuseni
TP
=
Trento Platform
WH
=
Welsh High
PLATE VIII
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
"Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe"
Source : MNHN. Paris
MOROCCAN
BUCHAREST
PIE0IN+
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, 1.0. f Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
PLATE IX
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
MIDDLE JURASSIC
BATHONIAN (158.5 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Shelf Deposition
Basin or Slope Deposition
Deep Ocean Deposition
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Magmatism Related to
Extension
Spreading Center
^ Active Subduction
Transform Fault
y Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Fault
/ Folds
i
Sediment Source
Block Outline
Evaporites
Coastline
Political Boundaries
250
Kilometers
1 : 15 , 000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
B
=
Brianconnais
C
=
Crimea
C-A
=
Cantabrian-Aquitaine Basin
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
D
=
Dobrudgea
FP
s
Friuli Platform
G
=
Gibraltar
ME
=
Mecsek
MP
=
Moesian Platform
PH
=
Pyrenean High
PT
=
Polish Trough
SA
=
Saharan Atlas
SAP
=
South Apuseni
TP
r
Trento Platform
TR
=
Transylvanian Ophiolites
V-B
=
Villany-Bihor
WH
=
Welsh High
Yilmaz. P. O., Norton, I. O., Leary, D. & Chuchla,
R. J.. 1996 Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of
Europe In. Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Pcri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. naln. Hfsi. rial., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
OVERVIEW:
• Earlier rifting events continue to crustal separation and the onset of sea-floor spreading.
• Plate motions between Europe and Gondwana changed as the central Atlantic started to open.
• A connection was established between the western Tethys ocean and central Atlantic.
• Apulia decoupled from Gondwana.
• Liguride, Piedmont, Transylvanian and Vardar ophiolites evidence formation of oceanic crust along the Tethyan spreading center.
FOOTNOTES:
1 The Valais trough fully opened as the Brianconnais and Tisza platforms rifted further from Europe. Full decoupling of the Tisza block from
Europe occurred in Tithonian time.
2. Continental elastics and alkaline magmatism characterized North Sea rifting.
3. Local evaporitic basins developed on the Dinaride platforms.
4. The Lisbon and Algarve basins were sites of evaporite deposition.
5. Spreading ridge between North Africa and Iberia is conceptual.
' PARIS
PONTIDE BLOCK
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Source; MNHN, Paris
BUCtfSiBST
MASSIF
CENTRAL
^TTISZA
MOROCCAN +
MESETA
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
PLATE X EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
LOWER CRETACEOUS
APTIAN (112 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
0
250 500
Continental Highlands
v
Spreading Center
Kilometers
(Sediment Source)
1:15,000,000
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
y
Active Subduction
,/
SYMBOLS:
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
y
Transform Fault
A-A
=
Austro-Alpine (Upper)
B
=
Brianconnais
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
/
Thrust Fault
C
=
Crimea
Inner-Shelf Deposition
C-A
=
Cantabrian-Aquitaine Basin
jX
Strike-Slip Fault
CM
=
Cornubian Massif
Shelf Deposition
CR
=
Czorztyn Ridge
\
\
\
Normal Fault
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
Basin or Slope Deposition
G
=
Getic Zone
GAV
Gavrova Platform
Fault
H
_
Hellenides
Deep Ocean Deposition
X
11
J
=
Julian Platform
Folds
L-A
Latium-Abruzzi
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
LIG
=
Ligurian Ophiolites
nJU
Sediment Source
M
=
Marmoras Basin
Magmatism Related to
P
=
Pennide Fracture Zone
Extension
/
J
Block Outline
PH
=
Pyrenean High
'
PT
=
Polish Trough
Evaporites
\
SA
_
Saharan Atlas
\_
Coastline
\
SAP
=
South Apuseni
S-M
=
Serbo-Macedonian Massif
Political Boundaries
OVERVIEW:
• Major plate reorganization occurred as Africa changes course from east to north relative to Europe in response to crustal separation in
the central Atlantic. North Atlantic opening initiated.
• Counterclockwise rotation of Iberia resulted in left-lateral shear along the North Pyrenean fault zone. Oceanic crust developed in Bay of
Biscay.
• Rotation of Apulia caused obduction of ophiolites of Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous age. Tlthonian ophiolitic flysch was locally
deposited in Greece, Yugoslavia, Italy and Switzerland.
• Carbonate platforms reached their maximum extent in Apulia.
• Deformation resulting from the collision of Apulia with Europe initiated in Late Cretaceous time. The collision front propagated to the
north. Direct continent/continent collision occurred in the middle Eocene.
• Iberia rotated clockwise and collided with Europe causing Pyrenean deformation during the Eocene.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Meso-Alpine Orogeny: Tisza block collided with and attached to Apulia as thrusting, folding and flysch deposition occurred in the Apuseni
mountains and Austro-Alps.
2. Apulian platform failed along inherited Mesozoic lines of weakness. An east-dipping subduction zone initiated in front of Golija and
Pelagonian platforms.
3. Moesia and Rhodope collided. Deformation is manifested in the Getic zone of the Carpathians.
4. Black Sea backarc rifting initiated above the north-dipping subduction zone along the Tethyan margin.
Yilmaz, P. O.. Norton, I. O., Leary, D. & Chuchla, jsj
R. J., 1996. Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of ™
Europe. In: Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Pcri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. nam. Hist, nut .. 170:
1 47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
'Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
PLATE XI
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
LOWER OLIGOCENE
RUPELIAN (33.5 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Spreading Center
:
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
y
Active Subduction
y
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
y
Transform Fault
y
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
/
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Shelf Deposition
f'
\
Basin or Slope Deposition
Fault
Deep Ocean Deposition
\
%
X
Folds
■
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
A
II
Sediment Source
HK
■
Magmatism Related to
Extension
/
/
A A
A A
Evaporites
\
Coastline
Political Boundaries
Kilometers
1:15,000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
A
=
Albanides
AH
=
Alboran High
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
H
=
Hellenides
L-A
=
Latium-Abruzzi
MB
=
Molasse Basin
MN
=
Macla Nappe
MT
=
Molisse Trough
PB
=
Podhale Basin
PKB
=
Pienniny Klippen Belt
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
SG
=
Srednogoria
TN
=
Tuscan Nappes
TP
=
Trento Platform
VT
=
Varna Trough
Yilmaz, P O.. Norton, I. O., Leary. D & Chuchla,
R. J . 19%. Tectonic evolution and paleogeography of
Europe. In: Ziegler, P. A & Horvath. F. (eds).
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., 170:
47-60 + Enclosures M3. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
OVERVIEW:
• Map depicts paleogeography after the Apulian-European collision event of Eo-Alpine Orogeny. Deformation continued in the Alpine and
Carpathian mountain belts accompanied by molasse and flysch deposition.
• The Alps and Dinaride mountain systems were characterized by advancing subduction boundaries where overall plate convergence
exceeded the rate of subduction. Diagnostic features include basement-involved thrusting, high topography, tectonic denudation via low
angle normal faulting, and exposure of high-grade metamorphic rocks at the surface. Foredeeps manifest a protracted history of molasse
deposition. Subsidence in the area of the foredeep resulted from the adjacent structural load. This collision boundary shuts off as conti¬
nent/continent collision takes place in late Eocene time.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Compression was initiated in the Outer Carpathians and extension began in the Pannonian basin. Compression was driven by the north
Pannonian and Tisza blocks which were shouldered into the Pannonian embayment by the northward advancing Apulian promontory.
Volcanism around the Carpathian arc began during the late Oligocene and resulted from subduction of highly attenuated European conti¬
nental crust beneath the overriding fold-thrust belt.
2. Compression was initiated within the Apennines and accompanied by flysch sedimentation.
3. Peri-Adriatic calcalkaline plutons and minor volcanic flows were emplaced between 32-30 Ma.
4. Rifting and associated volcanism began in the Rhine in the late Eocene. It propagated to the Bresse, Limagne, Rhone and Valencia
troughs.
5. Incipient backarc rifting above a northwest dipping subduction zone was responsible for the initial rifting of the Corsica-Sardinia blocks
from Europe.
P0USH
BUCHAREST
MASSIF
cmiiAL
BIBL.DU!
MUSEUM/
VRARKJ
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
PLATE XII
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
MIDDLE MIOCENE
SERRAVALIAN (10.5 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Shelf Deposition
Basin or Slope Deposition
Deep Ocean Deposition
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Magmatism Related to
Extension
Evaporites
Spreading Center
/
Active Subduction
Transform Fault
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Fault
Folds
Sediment Source
Block Outline
Coastline
Political Boundaries
250
Kilometers
1:15,000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
A
C-S
Dl
E
H
M
PKB
RM
U-M
Albanides
Corsica-Sardinia
Dinarides
Eger Graben
Hellenides
Menderes Massif
Pienniny Klippen Belt
Rhodope Massif
Umbria-Marche
BIBL.OUl
WUStUW
Yilmaz. P. O., Norton, I O., Leary, D. & Chuchl/
R. J.. 1996. — Tectonic evolution and paleogcography c
Europe. In. Ziegler. P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds
Peri-Tetnys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpin
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. rutin. Hist. nut.. 17(
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
OVERVIEW:
• The Alpine-Carpathian deformation front continued its northwestward and northeastward advance accompanied by extensive flysch and
molasse deposition.
• The Apennine and Carpathian mountain systems were dominated by retreating subduction boundaries where overall plate convergence
was less than the rate of subduction. These orogens are characterized by low average elevation, thin skinned deformation, contempora¬
neous backarc extension and subsidence in the area of the foredeep far in excess of that which would result from the adjacent structural
load.
FOOTNOTES:
1. The Corsica-Sardinia and Kabyl blocks separated from Europe rotating counterclockwise and backarc extension progressed to the oceanic
stage opening the present Western Mediterranean Sea.
2. Relict Tethyan ocean continued to be consumed along the Albanian and Hellenic boundary after subduction beneath the Dinarides termi¬
nated.
3. Back thrusting in the Southern Alps initiated subsidence in the Po foredeep.
4. Deformation terminated in a clockwise fashion around the Carpathian loop in concert with volcanic activity. By the end of Miocene time,
deformation had stopped in all but the Romanian portion of the Carpathians. Significant backarc extension continued in the Pannonian
basin.
5. Subduction boundary is found in the South Carpathians where the remaining consumable crust is being destroyed.
6. Alboran block escaped westwards resulting in Betic/Rif deformation.
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
"Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe"
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Source: MNHN, Paris
PLATE XIII
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
EUROPEAN REGIONAL STUDY
LOWER PLIOCENE (3.8 MA) PALEOGEOGRAPHY
LEGEND
Continental Highlands
(Sediment Source)
Continental Lowlands
(Sediment Bypass)
Continental, Fluvial,
Lacustrine Deposition
Coastal Plain, Deltaic to
Inner-Shelf Deposition
Shelf Deposition
Basin or Slope Deposition
Deep Ocean Deposition
Magmatism Related to
Convergence
Magmatism Related to
Extension
A A
A A
Evaporites
X
4
Spreading Center
Active Subduction
Transform Fault
Thrust Fault
Strike-Slip Fault
Normal Fault
Fault
Folds
Sediment Source
Block Outline
Coastline
Political Boundaries
Kilometers
1:15,000,000
500
SYMBOLS:
AE
=
Aegean Sea
BA
=
Balaton Fault
CAL
=
Calabria
C-S
=
Corsica-Sardinia
MH
=
Mid-Hungarian Shear Zone
MT
=
Molise Trough
RM
=
Rhodope Massif
SCF
=
South Carpathian Foredeep
TS
=
Tyrrhenian Sea
VIE
-
Vienna Basin
BIB!. DU!
iMUSEUM/
Yilmaz, P. O., Norton. I O.. Leary. D. & Chuchla,
R J 1996. Tectonic evolution and palcogeography of
Europe. In: Ziegler. P. A. & Horvath, F (eds).
Peri-Telhys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., 170.
47-60 + Enclosures 1-13. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
OVERVIEW:
• The Alpine deformation front advanced northward and westward to the Jura and Western Alps, respectively.
• Compressional deformation and foredeep sedimentation continued in the Southern Carpathian, Apennine and Albanian systems.
FOOTNOTES:
1. Apennine subduction continued coeval with backarc extension and extensive magmatism in the Tyrrhenian Sea.
2. Apennine subduction was localized in the Calabrian area where part of the remaining Tethyan oceanic crust was being consumed.
3. The central and northern Apennine subduction boundary ceased completely in Quaternary time as thick continental crust of
Apulia/Adriatic entered the subduction zone.
4. Subsidence caused by the Apennine subduction slab rollback beneath the Po basin accommodated 9 km of lower Pliocene and younger
sediments.
5. Extension continued in the Pannonian basin while associated compression was restricted to the Carpathians. Present-Day Carpathian
compression manifested by strong seismicity, is localized along the Vrancea zone. Regional extension led to exposure of high-grade
metamorphic rocks of mid-crustal origin in Hungary.
6. Subduction along the Hellenic boundary and associated regional backarc extension in the Aegean continue to the present.
7. Alboran block collapses. Extension is dominant.
NORTH SEA'
BASIN
WARSAlh
KRAKOW
JIASSjE .
CAUCASUS
IBERIAN
MESETA
IONIAN SEA
HELLENIC
HIGH ATLAS
EXXON EXPLORATION COMPANY
EXXON PRODUCTION RESEARCH COMPANY
Yilmaz, P.O., Norton, I.O., Leary, D.A., Chuchla, R.J.
Tectonic Evolution and Paleogeography of Europe
1 lm angia < ■’•nnonai ; Caitvir*'
J aixiilin fiaoo* "•>!»> ^ fliaga
• 4 to. *-g* E*ifn»>pnal U**>cn>B*ni
1 W>«iBm uncoolMmifi
J '<■•••<
' <v.t.nu" u«c«"ieimiiy
4 TlMiSII »*">n '">* mappa
i HttMi >«HHC <nconto*-'<*»
< Mlia-ftappo
t n.og#
l . am »ng* J Datacnream
' noamai Hum M> Canyon
1 Saul Or*ft*a<r« naopa aa****!"#"'
6 •oo-S"»w»l
4 a**#
J tnt'aNappa
4 rnruitl adnm t'.a Nappy
a t >Mn*>onai Lata*at ftamp*
i «*.<»"** Unto*t«>.—
i Saw 1 ‘oufl'tc
» La» ang«a tiHni.o"e Oaiac«m*<”
••Q Canyon
) H'l Hacua *~o«.ea'aa
2 *«o<-ia« tOMII
i *«a*f|ri.a" uix^vmit,
> Tur_ti» ..«■«» in. nao«» a ia>mai »ar»p " Canyon
» 9a«ai ‘<»w1«a« O'WOnilV'mit f ,Om tmijm £■'»»%■*(• ai 0**a<“man* '6 Stump
DIP SECTIONS
o
L
10 20 Km
1_l
3 htif 'C lauit
2 fam.iy ol lnm no-mai >au"a
! Oota«m aoc»
’ Lo*» a"flta Eoaniaonal oatacnmant STRIKE SECTIONS
ilia *>ig<* Caianiapnai lN*c«m«n.
J »o"u.r-
Flinch. J. F., 1996. Accretion and extensional collapse Enclosure 1
of the external Western Rif (Northern Morocco). In\ Zie¬
gler. P. A. & Horvath. F. (eds). Peri-Telhys Memoir 2:
Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands.
Mem. Mu nain. Hist, nat 170: 61-85 + Enclosures 1-2.
Pans ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Source. MNHN , Paris
1V»> (4«C|
1W1 lirci
Laila Yio
WNW R16
** KCI
fcSE
i
i
Flinch, J. F.. 1996. Accretion and extensional collapse
of the external Western Rif (Northern Morocco). In: Zie¬
gler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2:
Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands.
Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat. y 170: 61-85 + Enclosures 1-2.
Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure 2
BJBL.Ou
MUSEUM
PARIS
v
Source: MNHN, Paris
WNW
PLATE (1)
BOU DRAA
MESARNA
BASIN
NZALA DES OUDAYA
RHARB
RIDES PRERIFAINES
LINE P 12
TOPS
UM PL
Upp*' Uiocr^r • Pnoee<>*
.
Pf-N
—
Aq-Buf
AQUlTANIAN-BUROIGAltAN
_
AJ-D|
Aaiano • Baioclan
To
Toarclan
Do
: Domenan
P-Oo
: Pie ■ Oomenan
—
Tf
Tnaisic
Px
: Paitoiotc
Zizi, M., 1996. — Triassic-Jurassic extension and Alpine Enclosure 1
inversion in Northern Morocco. In: Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nat 170: 87-101 + Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0. BIBL.DU I
I MUSEUM/'
\RARB
\v
Source: MNHN. Pahs
Zizi, M., 1996. — Triassic-Jurassic extension and Alpine Enclosure 2
inversion in Northern Morocco. In: Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nut., 170: 87-101 + Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
RIBI.DU
\ MUSEUM;
'PARIS/
w
Source MNHN, Paris
PLATE (3)
GUERCIF BASIN
LINE G17
-
UPPER MIOCENE - PLIOCENE
BATHONIAN - PORTLANDIAN
BAJOCIAN
AALENIAN - BAJOCIAN
TOARCIAN - AALENIAN
rh:
LOWER LIASSIC - DOMERIAN
TRIASSIC
PALEOZOIC
WNW ESE
Zizi, M., 1996. Triassic-Jurassic extension and Alpine Enclosure 3
inversion in Northern Morocco. In: Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nat., 170: 87-101 + Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
Source: MNHN , Paris
PLATE ( 4)
GUERCIF BASIN
LINE G5
TOPS :
.
UM-PLI : Upper Miocene - Pliocene
Bat - Po: U.Bathonian - Portlandian
Baj-Bat : Bajocian - Bathoniar
To-Aa : Toarcian - Aalenian
L-Do : Lower Liassic - Domerian
Tr :Triassic
Pz ; Paleozoic
TWT SW
(SEC)
MF TWT
(SEC)
BOU MSAAD DIAPIR
0
UM-PLI
Pz
-2
-3
-4
5
5 Km
Zizi, M., 1996. Triassic-Jurassic extension and Alpine Enclosure 4
inversion in Northern Morocco. In. Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist. nut.. 170: 87-101 + Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
Source: MNHN, Paris
0 10 20 Km
UodlllM Jl»r RlCTi* 1981
[=□
MoIbsm - Eocant to MlopUocane
f— 1
Paloogana
rrm i
m
Uppar Cratacaou*
CD
Aptian to Atblan
[ ■ 11
Location of
regional cross section SOUTH PYRENEAN
FORELAND
0 25 50 Km SPAIN
GENERAL STRUCTURAL MAP AND REGIONAL CROSS SECTION THROUGH
THE PYRENEAN MOUNTAIN CHAIN .
®
AQUITAINE BASIN
GENERAL STRUCTURAL MAP
Lower Cretaceous Basins
Albo - Aptian reefs.
Salt ridges.
Thrust and fold belt.
Internal zone.
Oil fields.
Gas fields.
20 miles
®
eiBL.DUl
MU?cUM
AQUITAINE BASIN
STRATIGRAPHIC CHART AND PETROLEUM SYSTEMS
GAS AND OIL FIELDS
-jJj-CHARLAS
SAINT MARCET
MAZERES
vV LEDEUIX
{Teschenite)
LACQ
LANNEMEZAN
LACQ
TANDOIN8
LACQ
MEH-LON
CAS80URAT
LA COMUAfOt
mr*
MSiLLON
ROUS8E
. SAUCEDE
■W SAINT MARCET
LACQ SUPERIEUR
LAGRAVE
MONTASTRUC
• BONNEFONT
• BONREPOS
O GAUJACQ
• OSMETS
9 LACQ
w VIC BILH
: PECORADE
VIC BILH
PECORADE
CASTERA LOU
OSMETS 1
OSMETS 2
LAMEAC
S = Seal
R = Reservoir
= Main source rock
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£ </$
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Source. MNHN. Paris
Louer
Sebastopol
Clermont
Cast6ral<
OS99I
North Pyrenean front.F.N.P. North Pyrenean zone-
Ste Suzanne front.F.S.S. FoW and thrust bet.
Petrt©9 Pyrenees front. P.P.F. North Pyrenean foreland.
Gas fields. ■■ Oil fields.■
RE3<CNAL
CROSS
O REGIONAL
CROSS
SECTION
Magesoq
Qrgnadg
- ^^tee/Adpur
SALT RIDGES
PROVINCE
Auch
Mirande
\- Marciac
St Medara
— 43°30
" COMMINGES PROVINCE
" MAULEON BASIN
0 10 20Km
SOUTH AQUITAINE BASINS
LACQ - MEILLON PROVINCE
20 miles
STRUCTURAL FRAMEVORK
AND PETROLEUM PROVINCES ^
( The regional and geological sections are shown in red and dark blue
s-sw •
♦
LACQ
PYRENEAN FOLD AND THRUST BELT GAS FIELD
N-NE
NORTH
ARZACQ BASIN
NORTH
AUDIO NON AQUITAINE
SALT RIDGE PLATFORM
NAT 2 -1
ROQUIAGUE
CHE 1 MOE1
BORDENAVE
BD1-2 LA 110 132 124 121
I I Oligo - Miocene
Paleocene - Eocene
Upper Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Basement
10 Km
i t l
10 miles
- — |
REGIONAL
CROSS SECTION N° 2
s-sw
N-NE
PYRENEAN FOLD AND THRUST BELT
ARZACQ AUDIGNON NORTH AQUITAINE
BASIN SALT RIDGE PLATFORM
AIE 1
U.M. 1
BLV 1
SSE 101 ME 1
AM 1 GAO 2
BG 1
All TLZ1 NM 1-2
BRF 1
10 miles
Oligo - Miocene
Paleocene - Eocene
Upper Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Basement
REGIONAL
CROSS SECTION N° 1
S
*
IV
PYRENEAN FOLD
ROUSSE
MEILLON
SOUTH
ARZACQ
BASIN
AUDIGNON
NORTH AQUITAINE
AND THRUST BELT
GAS FIELD
GAS FIELD
SALT RIDGE
PLATFORM
RSE.2 PA.4
0 Km
5 Km
10 Km
Oligo - Miocene
Paleocene - Eocene
Upper Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
Basement
10 miles
REGIONAL
CROSS SECTION N° 3
Source: MNHN . Paris
ENCLOSURE N°2 LE VOT - M • BITEAU. J. J.. MASSET, J. M.. 1996. - The Aquitaine Basin: oil and gas production in the foreland of the Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. New exploration perspectives. In : ZIEGLER. P. A.
_ & HORVATH. F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and forelands. Mtm. Mus. notn . Hist . Nat.. 170: 159-171 + Enclosures 1-6. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
GENERAL PALEOGEOGRAPHIC MAP OF THE AQUITAINE BASIN
AT THE END OF THE EARLY KIMMERIDGIAN
( THIS MAP IS BASED ON THE AVAILABLE WELL CONTROL )
REEF
WORM'S EYE VIEW AT THE BASE OF THE CRETACEOUS
IT CLEARLY DEMONSTRATES THE IMPORTANCE OF SALT TECTONICS DURING
THE EARLY MOST CRETACEOUS TIMES ALONG THE EDGES OF THE CONTEMPORANEOUS
SUBSIDING DEPOCENTERS
Upper Cretaceous .... MM
Albo - Aptian. I 1
Lower Aptian
( Ste Suzanne Fm.).. | |
Barremian. |. . |
Salt Ridges. v ^
Location of the
Upper Aptian -
Lower Albian reef.... <ST
( Depth contours at Base Cretaceous unconformity in meters)
VIC BILH
0 5 10 Km
SUBCROP MAP AT THE BASE OF THE
Complete Jurassic
( Mano Dolomite )
Complete Jurassic
(Garlin breccia )
Reduced Jurassic
( Mano dolomite ) ....
Eroded Jurassic
( No Portlandian )...
Evaporites
( Liassic -Triassic )
Basement
( Permian-Triassic )
Salt ridges axis and
Paleo axis.
SHOWING THE PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE PORTLANDIAN AS WELL AS
THE EROSION DUE TO SALT TECTONICS ALONG THE EDGES OF THE ARZACQ BASIN
NOTE THE STRUCTURAL STYLES AND POSITION OF THE FIELDS WITHIN THE GENERAL CONTEXT
( Depth contours at Base Cretaceous unconformity in meters)
Cenomanian to
Maestrichtian carbonaceous
Flysch Campanian to
Maestrichtian Flysch
Conacian to
r~i
Santonian Flysch.
Cenomanian to
Turonian Flysch.
m
10 Km
Axis of the upper Cretaceous
foredeep depocenter
MAP SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE UPPER CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS ABOVE THE BASE
OF UPPER CRETACEOUS UNCONFORMITY .
NOTE THE NORTHWARD MIGRATION OF THE FOREDEEP FROM THE CENOMANIAN TO THE MAESTRICHTIAN .
( Depth contours of Base Cretaceous unconformity in meters )
Source: MNHN, Paris
ENCLOSURE N c 3 LE VOT - M * Bn *EAU. J. J., MASSET, J. M., 1996. - The Aquitaine Basin: oil and gas production in the foreland of the Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. New exploration perspectives. In: ZIEGLER. P. A
& HORVATH. F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and forelands. Mtm. Mus. natn. Hist. Nat., 170: 159-171 + Enclosures 1-6. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
OIL TO SOURCE CORRELATIONS IN THE AQUITAINE BASIN
15 20 25 »km
J-1-1-1
SO URCE ROCKS
] Unknown
| Paleocene
| Upper Cretaceous
□ AI bo - Aptian
RSE002 RSE001 LNSOOI
TZ201 TZ301 TZ001
s
*100"!
5«X>»
•WO*
SKKH
ICOO.
sc^o»
9000*1
Top ’Lias Maine
GENERAL CROSS SECTION THROUGH THE ARZACQ BASIN SHOWING THE
TIMING OF GENERATION AND MIGRATION OF HYDROCARBONS IN THE AREA
AS WELL AS THE ISOMATURATION LEVELS .
©
SOURCE ROCKS
□ Unknown
I Paleocene
| Upper Cretaceous
] Albo - Aptian
I Barromian Jurassic
| Uassic
Rhaetic
GAS TO SOURCE CORRELATIONS IN THE AQUITAINE BASIN
Dunwa
OIL MIGRATION
DURING
OLIGO • MIOCENE
ROUSSE FIELD
WEST LAGRAVE
AREA
MEILLON FIELD
ARZACQ BASIN
2000
4000
0000
7000
-0 GAS
condensate
GAS SOURCING AND
MIGRATION DURING
PALEOGENE AND
OLIGO - MIOCENE
OIL AND 0 AS
MIGRATION DURING
PALEOGENE
OIL
MA
•O'*
SAUCEDE
GAS FIELD
PYRENEAN FOLD AND
THRUST BELT
-X-
LACOMMANDE MEILLON
UPPER LACQ OIL FIELD
LAGRAVE
GAS FIELD
DEEP LACQ GAS FIELD
FORELAND
OIL FIELD
VIC BILH OIL FIELD
(GAS CiJp )
□ OLIGO - MIOCENE
CT3 PALEOGENE ^HBARREMIAN - LOWER APTIAN
EZE1 UPPER CRETACEOUS dH JURASSIC
Hi ALBO - APTIAN d]TRIASSIC AND LOWER LIASSIC ( EVAPORITES )
□□ ALBO - APTIAN REEFS ^PALEOZOIC BASEMENT
AQUITAINE BASIN :
TRAPS ASSOCIATED TO THE OIL AND GAS FIELDS
IN THE FOLD AND THRUST BELT AND FORELAND AREA .
NOTE THE EVOLUTION OF THE HYDROCARBONS PRODUCED FROM SOUTH TO NORTH
VS AGE
H Barremian source rock
transformation ratio
E Kimmeridgian source rock
transformation ratio
Present maturity level :
- Ro 0,7 %
_ Ro 1 %
_ Ro 1,5 %
BIS'- - i'J
Source MNHN . Pahs
ENCLOSURE N°4 *-E VOT, M., BITEAU, J. J.. MASSET, J. M., 1996. - The Aquitaine Basin: oil and gas production in the foreland of the Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. New exploration perspectives. In: ZIEGLER, P. A.
& HORVATH, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and forelands. M£m. Mus. natn . Hist. Nat., 170: 159-171 + Enclosures 1-6. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
ENCLOSURE N : 5 LE VOT - M... BITEAU, J. J.. MASSET. J. M.. 1996. The Aquitaine Basin: oil and gas production in the foreland of the Pyrenean fold-and-thrust belt. New exploration perspectives. In: ZIEGLER, P. A.
& HORVATH. F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and forelands. M£m. Mus. natn. Hist. Nat.. 170: 159-171 + Enclosures 1-6. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
3DGIBRET
88 / 40 km 2
Louer
Sebastopol
Gaujaw;_. ;
3D LACQ Glsement
927216 km 2
de ~
St AGNET
<7.. Vic
3D LACQ Ouest
92-93 / 224 km 2
^ ^ Q Af arcisz
3D LAGRAVE
88 / 33 km 2
3D ANDOINS
87 / 41 km 2
3D ECORS
91/230 km 2
3D LOUIT-CASTELVIELH
88/55 km 2
Casterali
Bonnetorv
Bassin^
de
Mauleon
3DGURS
91-92/183 km
3D MEILLON
89-90/260 km 2
lannemezan
3D LACQ MEILLON
91-92/122 km 2
St Gaudens
3D CASSOURATk
88/51 km 2
3DBUZY
87-88/158 km 2
Mont de
Marsan
SOUTH AQUITAINE
3D SEISMIC SURVEYS
Magescq
Grenade
t Aih
Lussagnet
Auch
Miratte
O St M 6 dard
— 43'30
20 Km
=d
SEISMIC ACQUISITIONS 1982-1990
ACQUISITIONS 1991-1992
ACQUISITION 1993
RSE.2
RSE.1
ROUSSE
tooo
SFT.15 DG
MEILLON |
PA.4
.V
PALEOCENE- EOCENE
2000
3000
4000
5000
_ _FI_
F3
F4
.
F5
'
►
» :
CRETACE
F? J / -
_y _ iv
_4 _
FI
F3
F4
F5
F6
.1000
2000
.3000
//
7
ALBO
APTIAN
/;
-4000
ALBO
APTIAN
6000-
DIP STRUCTURAL CROSS SECTION >
THROUGH THE ROUSSE AND MEILLON
GAS FIELDS
/
/
0 500
1000m
=d
,5000
1 mile
6000
©
SOUTH
samimnuiiKUirfunit tutnetmui.
Molasse
Danlan
Cretaceous
r
te Suzanne
se^Cretaceous (BC)
-ias Mameu*;^
^■jtAINT—FAUST
=^3D MEILLON SURVEYZ^r^-r-
ROUSSE AND MEILLON GAS FIELDS
F 'SEISMIC SECTION CDP 1300^-'-'
MwwmH H tii w w w ii mwmtw mt iH ti
umi!U»v
VL.1
LACQ
LA.101 LA.120 LA.105 LA.104
LA.127 LA.126
2000
DIP CROSS SECTION THROUGH THE UPPER LACQ OIL FIELD
AND GIANT DEEP LACQ GAS FIELD
PARS
NORTH
4000
5000
Source: MNHN, Paris
ENCLOSURE N 6 LE V °T. M., BITEAU. J. J.. MASSET, J. M.. 1996. - The Aquitaine Basin: oil and gas production in the foreland of the Pyrenean fold-and-lhrust belt. New exploration perspectives. In: ZIEGLER, P. A
& HORVATH. F. (eds). Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and forelands. M6m. Mus. rutin. Hist. Nat.. 170: 159-171 + Enclosures 1-6. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure I
Ziegler, P. A., Schmid, S. M., Pfiffner, A. &
Schonborn, G., 1996. Structure and evolution of the
Central Alps and their northern and southern foreland
basins. In: Ziegler. P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds). Peri-Tethys
Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and
Forelands. Mem. Mus. naln. Hist, nut ., 170: 211-233 +
Enclosure I. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
ALPINE CROSS SECTION ALONG THE NFP-20-EAST TRAVERSE
COMPILED BY S.M.SCHMID
Molasse basin and Helvetic zone by O.A.Pfiffner. Southern Alps by G.Schoenborn, Geophysics by ETH working group on Deep Seismic Profiling
10 Urn -
20km
30 km-
60 km-
Margna-Sell-
Lecco thrust (out of sequence)
Arblatsch
Orobic thrust
Coltignone thrust
Chiavenna
oph. 'I
Coltignone thrust
SURETTA
Milan thrust
SUDALP 77
SUDALP 77
Penninlc nappes
Austroalplne nappes
Tertiary basins
40km
External massifs
Undeformed Mesozoic of
the European foreland
Jura. Helvetic nappes
*—* EGT - profile l shotpoints A to E
PIE MONT-LIGURIA OCEAN &
APULIAN MARGIN
Profile trace
DISTAL APULIAN MARGIN
Upper Cretaceous flysch (C),
Paleogene (PG). Lower Miocene (LM).
Middle Miocene (MM). Pliocene (PL)
Maiollca l Rh -
Rhaethian conchodon carbonates k
50 km
URICH
Dolomia Princlpale (Norian)
Middle Trlasslc carbonates
Margna Sella nappes
CUItrapennlnic". Austroalplne affinities)
Austroalplne nappes
Permian & Lower Trlassic elastics
Lower Austroalplne nappes
Avers Bundnerschleter
Ophiolitlc slices
South-Alpine upper crust
Lower Austroalplne basement
(Avers. Llzun. Forno, Malenco, Platta)
PENNINIC - AUSTROALPINE
SOUTHERN ALPS
AUSTROALPINE NAPPES
TERTIARY INTRUSIONS
SUTURE ZONE
Structural elements
1 L 1 Lunschanla antiform
|nb| Niemet-Beverin fold
| C | Cresslm antiform
SIMANO
+ . +
TAMBO
vv I Novate granite
** I post Bergell
+ I Granodlorite
I Tonalita
Bergell Intrusion
(30-32 MA)
ADULA
Source: MNHN. Paris
BRESSE
EXTERNAL JURA
INTERNAL JURA
MOLASSE BASIN
SE
Philippe. Y., Colletta, B.. Deville, E. & Mascle, A.,
1996. — The Jura fold-and-thrust bell; a kinematic model
based on map-balancing. In\ Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F.
(eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of
Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. tuiin. Hist. not..
170; 235-261 + Enclosures 1-2. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0
Enclosure I
BRESSE
GRABEN
yy Poisoux
EXTERNAL JURA
Revermonl
INTERNAL JURA ("Haute-ChaTne)
Vuache
MOLASSE BASIN
ILE CREMIEU
(authochtonous)
SW
EXTERNAL JURA
Bugey Faisceau
Gros Foug
Anticl
MOLASSE
BASIN
E
INTERNAL JURA
Grand Colombier
Anlid
BAS-DAUPHINE JURASSIAN CHAINONS CHARTREUSE MASSIF
Tertiary
Neocomian
Kimmerldgian
Callovian
Bajocian
Keuper + Rhaetic
Buntsandteln
Paleozoic basement
Urgonian
Portlandian
Oxfordian
Bathonian
Lias + Aalenian
Muschelkalk
Permo-Carboniferous
20 KM
FOLDED JURA MOLASSE BASIN
FOLDED JURA
TABULAR JURA MOLASSE BASIN
Tertiary
Neocomian
Kimmeridgian
Callovian
Bajocian
Keuper + Rhaetic
Buntsandtein
Paleozoic basement
Urgonian
Portlandian
Oxfordian
Bathonian
Lias -f Aalenian
Muschelkalk
Permo-Carboniferous
N
©
Del^mont
INTERNAL JURA
Hautes-Roches
Anticl
Graitery
Anticl
Weissenstein
Anticl
MOLASSE
BASIN
Gronchen S
•—, 1
RHINE
GRABEN
EXTERNAL JURA
Perrette
Anfirl
Glasenberg
Langenberg
Anticl
0
20 km
PARIS EXTERNAL JURA
BASIN
INTERNAL JURA
MOLASSE
BASIN
Philippe. Y„ Colletta, B„ Deville, E. & Mascle, A.,
1996. The Jura fold-and-thrust belt: a kinematic model
based on map-balancing. In: Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F.
(eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of
Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. nam. Hist. not..
170: 235-261 + Enclosures 1-2. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure 2
BIBL.DU 1
,MUSEUM!
.PARIS
Source MNHN. Paris
REGIONAL STRUCTURE CROSS SECTIONS 1,2,3, 4
ROEDER & BACHMANN, ENCLOSURE 1
DARCHING- 1
i .
VORDERRISS-1
1
10 KM
UNKNOWN UNITS
ALLOCHTHONOUS HELVETICUM
CHATTIAN, AQUITANIAN
BAUSTEIN FM, RUPELIAN SHALE
JURASSIC TO UPPER CRETACEOUS (HELVETICUM)
FLYSCH, RAND CENOMAN, TRIASSIC OF
AUSTRO - ALPINE TERRANE
DETACHED FORELAND BASEMENT
LEGAU-1 PROJECTED
IMVENSTAOT -1
HINDELANG-1
UPPER-PLATE UNITS: AUSTRO-ALPINE AND FLYSCH
ALLOCHTHONOUS HELVETICUM ET AL
FORELAND "HELVETICUM" DETACHED
- ' ON FORELAND UPTHRUSTS
POSITION OF REGIONAL ELASTIC FLEXURE
ALLOCHTHONOUS HELVETICUM
10 KM
UNKNOWN UNITS
DETACHED MOLASSE
FORELAND SERIES
Roeder, D. & Bachmann, G., 1996. — Evolution,
structure and petroleum geology of the German Molasse
Basin, hr. Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys
Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and
Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., 170: 263-284 +
Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure I
1
VORDERRISS-1
LECHTAL DECKE
BRANCH THRUST
RANDSCHUPPE
RHENO-DANUB
FLYSCH
LECHTAL DECKE II
EXTENSIONAL DETACH fvE NT
LECKTAL DECKE I
FLEX MDDEL: LATE SEQUENCE
AUSTRO-ALPINE BASEMENT
SOLE THRUST
ALLGAU DECKE
SOLE THRUST
ALLGAU DECKE
SOLE THRUST
10 KM
LECHTAL DECKE
INNTAL DECKE:
FRONTAL SCHUPPE
HELVETICUM
MOLASSE
FLEX MODEL CUMULATIVE
REGIONAL CROSS SECTIONS 1,2,
DETAILS OF ALPINE UNITS
2
HEIMGARTEN
JURASSIC, LOWER CRETACEOUS OF AUSTRO-ALPINE
JURASSIC TO EOCENE OF HELVETICUM
NORIAN DOLOMIA PRINCIPALE (LATE TRIASSIC)
WETTERSTEIN KALK, PARTNACH KALK (MID-TRIASSIC)
PRE-TRIASSIC CRYSTALLINE
Roeder, D. & Bachmann. G., 1996. — Evolution, Enclosure 2
structure and petroleum geology of the German Molasse
Basin. In: Ziegler. P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds), Pen-Tethys
Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and
Forelands. Mem. Mus. nain. Hist . nar 170: 263-284 +
Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
ALLGAU - DECKE
HINDELANG- 1
KIERWANG - 1 MADERHALM -1
ROEDER&BACHMANN ENCLOSURE 3
JURASSIC, LOWER CRETACEOUS OF AUSTRO-ALPINE
JURASSIC TO EOCENE OF HELVETICUM
NORIAN DOLOMIA PRINCIPALE (LATE TRIASSIC)
WETTERSTEIN KALK. PARTNACH KALK (MID-TRIASSIC)
PRE-TRIASSIC CRYSTALLINE
ALLGAU - DECKE
RHENO - DANUBIAN FLYSCH
HELVETICUM
REGIONAL CROSS SECTIONS 3, 4
DETAILS OF ALPINE UNITS
INN VALLEY
INITIAL - DECKE
Roeder, D. & Bachmann, G., 1996. Evolution, Enclosure 3
structure and petroleum geology of the German Molasse
Basin. In: Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath. F. (eds), Peri-Tethys
Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and
Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., 170: 263-284 +
Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
3 BULK STRAIN RESTORED: 11.5 KM
ROEDER & BACHMANN, ENCLOSURE 4
0 BULK STRAIN RESTORED: 100 KM
Roeder, D. & Bachmann, G., 1996. — Evolution, Enclosure 4
structure and petroleum geology of the German Molasse
Basin. In: Ziegler. P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds). Peri-Tethys
Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine Basins and
Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nal 170: 263-284 -t-
Enclosures 1-4. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
REGIONAL CROSS-SECTIONS THROUGH
FLYSCH-KALKALPEN
SOURCE: G. BUCHHOLZ. E. COLINS, W GRUN, W. HAMILTON,
P. NIEDERBACHER. R. PAVUZA, G. WACHTEL, L. WAGNER
and G. WESSELY (Austria)
G. H. BACHMANN, K. HUBER. K. KOCH. M. MULLER.
F NIEBERDING. K. WEGGEN (Germany)
Completed: G. WESSELY
MOLASSE
WASCMBERG
STOCKERAU
NORD 1 UIU?OST 1
1000
FLYSCH ZONE
GASFIELD
CALC ALPINE ZONE
VIENNA
BASIN
CENTRAL
ALPINE
ZONE
Klalnwolkeradoil
BOHEMIAN MOLASSE FLYSCH
MASSIF ZONE
rung
GRAYWACKE
ZONE
CENTRAL-
ALPINE
ZONE
d>
r *2000
*0
•2000
-4000
-6000
■6000m
Bonuck
t
I Germany i Austria
MINOEIANO I j Zoblan
ZONE
Grunlan
Tannhelm
2000
2000
-4000
' / CALC ALPINE
rSCH / ZONE
Hochkunxaltpilza
HELVETIC
ZONE
VIENNA BASIN
I NEOCENE
MOLASSE
I • ; •; | PALEOGENE.NE.OGENE
HELVETIC ZONE
t—^JjUHASSIC IWESTEBN PARTS)
FLYSCH.KLIPPEN ZONE
IT- I-Jche aceous.paleogene
Bazau
TIROL ICUM
UPPER CALC ALPINE
E AYWACKE ZONE
EJpalEOZOIC
CENT RAL ALPINE ZONE
I'lr- "JmESOZOIC CRVSTAl line
SERPENTS IE Of GRUNAU t
Enralal
6000
- -8000
- 10000m
OBERHOFEN 1
Austria
1
®
r
Zimmer, W. & Wessely, G., 1996. — Hydrocarbon Enclosure I
exploration in the Austrian Alps. In: Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nat 170: 285-304 + Enclosure 1. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
BIBl.OU
60°15 N
50 6 00 N
49°45 N
49°30 N
49°15 N
19°50 E
50^15 N
KRAKOW
°00 N
WADOWICE
49-'45 N
CISOWA 1 g
S/UVOK $
ZAKOPANE
LUTOWISKA 1
MAJOR STRUCTURAL UNITS
AUTOCHTHON
Neogene
Mesozoic
ALLOCHTHON (PKB)
Pieniny Klippen Belt
Bessereau, G., Roure, F., Kontarba. A.. Kusmierek, J.
& Strzetelski, W., 1996. Structure and hydrocarbon
habitat of the Polish Carpathians. In: Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nut., 170: 343-373 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
ALLOCHTHON (Outer Carpathians)
Unconformable Miocene
Stebnik and coeval units
Borislav - Pokut unit
Skole unit
Enclosure 1
BlBL.DU
MUSEUM/
\ PARIS'
V
'7
Sub-Silesian unit
Silesian unit
Fore - Dukla unit
Dukla unit
Magura unit
Oil field
Gas field
Location of samples studied in geochemistry
-<> Wells □ / Outcrops
LESNIOWKA 2 SLOPNICE 26
LAKTA 15
DOLUSZYCE2
Sub-Silesian
/ - + Unit - J
-^—r Silesian Unit
W * * * 4 * * ’. Dukla Units f + + *W + 4 + .*
' (Grybow and Obidowa-Slopnice sub-units)
S-SW
Dukla Unit
Fore Dukla
4— Unit — h
Silesian Unit
Skole Unit
N-NE
tiii mi owy 99
BUSZKOWICZKI 6
0 10 km
S-SW
Dukla and Magura Units
Bessereau, G.. Roure, F., Kontarba, A., Kusmierek, J. Enclosure 2
& Strzetelski, W., 1996. — Structure and hydrocarbon
habitat of the Polish Carpathians. In: ZlEGLER, P. A. &
Horvath. F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. twin.
Hist, nat., 170: 343-373 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
Lowermost
Miocene + Ollgocene
Paleocene-Early Eocene
Jurassic to Paleozoic
(undifferentiated)
Paleocene-Eocene
Inner Carpathians
(undifferentiated series)
Precambrlan
(crystalline basement)
NE
— Carpathian foredeep-
BOREK12 RYSIE5
Skole Unit
Burdlgallan to Badenlan
(allochthonous molasse)
Badenlan to Sarmatlan
Burdlgallan to Badenlan
(autochthonous molasse)
Miocene
Middle Eocene-Aqultanlan
I . H and IH
Upper Cretaceous
Lower Cretaceous
Silesian Unit
SOBNIOW 18
Sub-Silesian Unit
—v—
Inner Carpathians
P.K.B.t-
Magura Unit
N-NE|SW
Silesian Unit-1
N-NE
TRZCIANA 8
0
S-SW
Major thrust
undifferentiated P.K.B.
successions
Normal fault
Source: MNHN. Paris
50°15 N
50° 00 N
49°45 N
49°30 N
4B°15 N
Grobla
KRAKOW
TARNOW
No9owka
49°45 N
KROSNO
19°50 E
21O20 E
21°50 E
22°50 E
94.3.1
t*r
^ NI
v „
V -▼—
\
\
\
r
1 j m
JASL
' - tk-4
v> ni *
Structural location of the reservoirs
1 st family
2 nd family
3
group A
(Miocene)
Autochthon
[=□
Silesian unit
*
group B
(Paleozoic and Mesozoic)
m
Dukla and
a
group C
Skole unit
equivalent units
A
group D
Sub-Silesian unit
in
Magura unit
30 km
J
% Oil field
Q) Gas field
© Seep
4B»30
49015 1
Bessereau, G., Roure, F., Kontarba. A.. Kusmierek, J. Enclosure 3
& Strzetelski, W., 1996. — Structure and hydrocarbon
habitat of the Polish Carpathians. In. Ziegler, P. A. &
Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist. nat. y 170: 343-373 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
PERSANI - CIUCAS - PIETRO ASA SIMPLIFIED GEOLOGICAL CROSS-SECTION
LEGEND:
Late Pliocene-Quaternary; Late Sarmatian-Quaternary; |°c * | Albian-Cenomaruan; \^S~\ Bucovinian Nappe; \' y /"| Virghis Unit; [ I j j | Baraolt Nappe; fNN Ceahlau Nappe; 1*-*! Danubian Nappe;
Teleajen Nappe; Mac la Nappe;
Bobu Nappe;
Sacele Nappe
Audi a Nappe ;
Tarcau Nappe;
Marginal Folds Nappe;
Subcarpathian Nappe;
Moesian Platform; PC - Pericarpathian Line
Stefanescu, M. & BalTes, N., 1996. — Do hydrocarbon
prospects still exist in the East-Carpathian Cretaceous flysch
nappes ? In: Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath. F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat 170:
427-438 + Enclosure 1. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure 1
N W SOPRON HIGH NAGYCENK BASIN PINNYE HIGH CSAPOD BASIN MIHALYI HIGH KENYERI BASIN DABRONY BASIN SE
NWsOPRONHIGH NAGYCENK BASIN PINNYE HIGH CSAPOD MIHALYI HIGH KENYERI BASIN DABRONY BASIN
Tari, G., 1996. Neoalpine tectonics of the Danube
Basin (NW Pannonian Basin, Hungary). In: Ziegler, P. A.
& Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nat ., 170: 439-454 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN-
2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure 1
Source: MNHN, Paris
TWO WAY TIME IN SECONDS qj TWO WAY TIME IN SECONDS
NW SECTION C3 Cl5 C18C17 C20 Ml8 SE
Tari. G., 1996. — Neoalpine tectonics of the Danube Enclosure 2
Basin (NW Pannonian Basin, Hungary). In: Ziegler, P. A.
& Horvath, F. (cds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nat 170: 439-454 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
Source : MNHN. Paris
TWO WAY TIME IN SECONDS TWO WAY TIME IN SECONDS
DEPTH BELOW SEA-LEVEL
EASTERN ALPS
VIENNA BASIN
DANUBE BASIN
BAKONY MOUNTAINS LAKE BALA TON
MO LA SSE RHENODA NUBIA N
BASIN FLYSCHZONE
NORTHERN
CALCAREOUS ALPS
VIENNA LEITH A MATTERSBURG
BASIN HIGH BASIN
SOPRON NAGYCENK PINNYE
HIGH BASIN HIGH
CSAPOD MIHALYI KENYERI
BASIN HIGH BASIN
DABRONY DEVECSER HALIMBA
BASIN SYNCLINE SYNCLINE
BALATON BALATON LINE
HIGHLAND MEZOCSOKONYA BASIN
20 -
SE
0 KM
2
4
6
8
MO
KM 0
KARAD-3,-2,-1
-20
SOLLENAU-1
NW
MANZING-1
RAIPOLTENBACH-1
BERNDORF-1
SEISMIC SECTION MK-1 (enclosure 1)
VINAR-1 DABRONY-1
AJKA-1
DEVECSER-2,-3,-4 HAL1MBA-1
SOMLOVASARHELY-1 KOLONTAR-1
ZILLINGTAL-1
KOHEGY-1
PINNYE-1 CSAPOD-1
MIHALYI-27
EUROPEAN FORELAND
MIOCENE-RECENT
MOLASSE SEDIMENTS
AUSTROALPINE NAPPES AND TERTIARY BASINS
CRETACEOUS-PALEOGENE
FLYSCH SEDIMENTS
a
UPPER MIOCENE-RECENT
POST-RIFT SEDIMENTS
MIDDLE MIOCENE
SYN-RIFT SEDIMENTS
MESOZOIC UPPER
AUSTROALPINE UNITS
PALEOZOIC UPPER
AUSTROALPINE UNITS
CENOZOIC
FAULT
-*-ri PALEOZOIC
MIDDLE AND LOWER
AUSTROALPINE UNITS
MESOZOIC
FAULT
VI MESOZOIC
1 ■ -! PENNINIC UNITS
DINARIOTYPE
PALEO-MESOZOIC
MESOZOIC PASSIVE
MARGIN SEDIMENTS
PALEOGENE
SEDIMENTS
PALEOZOIC HERCYNIAN
CRYSTALLINE ROCKS
kr-r-x-J upper cretaceous
"GOSAU" SEDIMENTS
50 KM
TWO-FOLD VERTICAL EXAGGERATION!
Tari, G., 1996. Neoalpine tectonics of the Danube Enclosure 3
Basin (NW Pannonian Basin, Hungary). In: Ziegler, P. A.
& Horvath, F. (eds), Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and
Prospects of Alpine Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn.
Hist, nat ., 170: 439-454 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN:
2-85653-507-0.
Source: MNHN. Paris
DEPTH BELOW SEA-LEVEL
E»*CL I
sw
EMILIA FOLDS
SOUTHERN ALPS. LOMBARDY THRUST BELT
NE
VOLPEDO «
CASANOVA LONATI 1
CASTEGGIO 1 ROBECCO * VALLE SALiMBENE 1
CORNEUANO 18 PANOlNQ 1 UAlQSSA 3 BRIGNANO 1
m 10000-
10 Km
AFTER FIERI 4 GROW 1981. AND CASSANO el al '986 (MOOIFtED)
SECT!
E3
M-L PLIOCENE-QUATERNARY
MESSINIAN-EARLY PLIOCENE
PALEOGENE-MIOCENE
TRIASSIC-JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS (PELAGIC FACIES)
TRIASSIC-JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS (PLATFORM FACIES)
LATE TRIASSIC EVAPORITES AND DOLOMITES
PERMIAN-EARLY TRIASSIC SILICICLASTICS
VOLCANICS
LIGURIDES NAPPE
TOP OF MAGNETIC BASEMENT
(TRACES ON Fig. 5)
AFTER PIER AND GROW. 1981 ANO CASSANO et al '986 (MOOflED)
SOUTHERN ALPS. VENETO FOLDS
VOLPAGO 1
10000 m
SECT 2
ssw
ROMAGNA FOLDS
FERRARA FOLDS
0 10 Km
VENETO PLAIN
MONESTIROIO 1 FERRARA 1
VIllADOSE 1
LEGNARO 1 S.ANGELO I
BUORIO 1
SELVA
2 6
Anelli, L., Mattavelli, L. & Pif.ri, M., 1996.
Struclural-stratigraphic evolulion of Italy and its petroleum
systems. In: Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. naln. Hist, nat ., 170:
455-483 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Enclosure 1
F!I9L DU I
\NWlfeUM /
W
Source: MNHN, Pans
SOUTHERN APENNINE
SW
AQUINO 1
FROSOLDNE 2 FOSSALTO 1 S BIASE 1 ClVlTACAMPOMARANO 1
NE
ADRIATIC SEA
GUGLIONESI 1 COLLE SCALELLA 1
TERMOLI 2 ELISABETH 1 ROSPQ MARE 1
SW
SOUTHERN APENNINE
o
10 Km
AFTER MOSTARONt AND MERLIN! 1988 (MOOFIED)
SECT5
M-L PLIOCENE-QUATERNARY
r~j MESSINIAN-EARLY PLIOCENE
F~~~l PALEOGENE-MIOCENE
P 1 TRIASSIC-JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS (PELAGIC FACIES)
MM TRIASSIC-JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS (PLATFORM FACIES)
fQ LATE TRIASSIC EVAPORITES AND DOLOMITES
PERMIAN-EARLY TRIASSIC SILICICLASTICS
BB1 VOLCANICS
LIGURIDES NAPPE
-TOP OF MAGNETIC BASEMENT
(TRACES ON Fig. 5)
GARGANO PLATFORM
ADRIATIC SEA
CELENZA 1
MONTESTIUO 1
MARCHIONE 1
S.SEVERO 1
SANNICANORO 1 GARGANO 1
FORESTA UMBRA 1
PE scuta 1
GARGANO E M
A NELLI, L., Mattavelli, L. & Pieri, M., 1996. — Enclosure 2
Structural-stratigraphic evolution of Italy and its petroleum
systems. In: Ziegler, P. A. & Horvath, F. (eds),
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nai ., 170:
455-483 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
sw
5000
LAG0NEGR0 1
SOUTHERN APENNINE
COSTA MOLINA 2
SALANDRA t
SERRA O’OLIVO 1 GROTTOLE 1
>0 Km
AFTER MOSTARWNI ANO MERLIN! I960 (MODIFIED)
SECTS
□
EU
ENCL 2
M-L PLIOCENE-QUATERNARY
MESSINIAN-EARLY PLIOCENE
PALEOGENE-MIOCENE
TRIASSIC-JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS (PELAGIC FACIES)
TRIASSIC-JURASSIC-CRETACEOUS (PLATFORM FACIES)
LATE TRIASSIC EVAPORITES AND DOLOMITES
PERMIAN-EARLY TRIASSIC SILICICLASTICS
VOLCANICS
LIGURIDES NAPPE
TOP OF MAGNETIC BASEMENT
(TRACES ON Fig. 5)
PUGLIA PLATFORM
ADRIATIC SEA
NE
PUGLIA I ( pf|
---
^ % . ''' " ' ‘ ‘ . .
10 Km
u 10000 m
SECT 6 IcontnoeO)
SICILY APENNINE
RAGUSA PLATFORM
SICILY CHANNEL
10 Km
AFTER BIANCM el *1. 1989 (MOORED)
SECT7
MARAGONE 1 BELLA FONTANA I
VIZZINI 1 CHIARAMONTE 1
RAGUSA 1
MILA 1 VEGA 1
-10000m
RAODUSA ? RAMACCA 1
NAFTIA 1
m 10000-
S CRISTOFORO 1
1 VITO 1 FIUMETTO 1
REGALBUTO 1
Anelli, L., Mattavelu, L. & Pieri, M., 1996. — Enclosure 3
Structural-stratigraphic evolution of Italy and its petroleum
systems. In: Ziegler. P. A. & Horvath. F. (eds).
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2: Structure and Prospects of Alpine
Basins and Forelands. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nut.. 170:
455-483 + Enclosures 1-3. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-507-0.
Source : MNHN. Paris
Peri-Tethys Memoir 2 addresses the stratigraphic and structural evolution of the Alpine-
Mediterranean orogen and its hydrocarbon systems. Geographic coverage reaches from
Morocco via the Pyrenees. Alps. Carpathians, Apennines and Albanides to the Crimea and
southern Turkey. This memoir is the product of close cooperation between academic and
industrial Earth scientists. All papers are based on recent compilations, integrating surface and
sub-surface geological and geophysical data acquired during hydrocarbon exploration and/or
scientific programs. They are aimed at unravelling the architecture.and origin of specific fold-
and-thrust bells or basins. Much of the data presented have not previously been published or
were inaccessible to Western readers. The memoir consists of a 552 page volume containing
24 richly illustrated papers with many black and white and colour figures, and a box, which
contains 31 loose leaf foldouts, 20 of them in colour, presenting maps, cross-sections and seis¬
mic profiles.
Peter A. Ziegler (Geological-Paleontological Institute, University of Basel,
Switzerland, retired petroleum geologist) and Frank HorvAth (Geophysical Institute, Lorand
Eotvos University, Budapest, Hungary) convened the American Association of Petroleum
Geologists Symposium held in The Hague out of which this memoir developed.
EDITIONS
DU MUSEUM
57. RUE CUVIER
75005 PARIS
ISBN 2-85653-507-0
ISSN 1243-4442
450 FFTTC (France)
440,80 FF HT (Etranger)