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3 3001 00029629 2

Source: MNHN, Paris

Source: MNHN , Paris

Cover photograph (from left to right, top row): Personopsis purpurata, Cxmatium rcnuH Irani m. Distorsio parvinipedita. Bursa fljiensis;

(lower row): Cymatiuni penniketi . Distorsio parvinipedita. and Cyinatimn penniketi.

Graphics: Atelier Pascal Colrat.

Line drawing= protoconch of Bursa Josteri (see Fig. 47f).

Source: MNHN, Paris

Indo-West PacificRcmellidae, Bursidae

and Personidae (Mollusca:Gastropoda)

A monograph of the New Caledonian fauna

and revisions of related taxa

Source: MNHN, Paris

ISBN: 2-85653-517-8

ISSN : 1243-4442

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MEMOIRES DU MUSEUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE

TOME 178

Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM, Volume 19

Indo-West Pacific

Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae

(Mollusca: Gastropoda)

A monograph of the New Caledonian fauna

and revisions of related taxa

Alan G. BEU

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Limited

P.O. Box 30368, Lower Hutt

New Zealand

EDITIONS

DU MUSEUM

PARIS

1998

CONTENTS

SOMMAIRE

Pages

ABSTRACT. 9

RESUME. 9

INTRODUCTION. 13

Type specimens of early-named species. 15

The tropical Indo-West Pacific fauna. 1 2

Abbreviations. 39

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT. 21

Family Ranellidae . 21

Family .. 142

Family Personidae . 182

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. 213

REFERENCES. 215

APPENDIX: STATION LIST. 233

INDEX. 251

Source

ABSTRACT

Beu, A. G., 1998. — Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae. Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New

Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Mem. Mus. twin. Hist. nat.. 178: 1-255. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-517-8.

The Ranellidae. Bursidae and Personidae from the New Caledonia region (including the Loyalty Islands, the Coral Sea and the

New Hebrides Arc) arc monographed based on the results of an extensive collecting effort totalling more than 1000 stations. Seventy-three

species are recorded, with numerous range extensions. One of the more remarkable aspects of this fauna is the uniquely diverse deep-water

tonnoidean assemblage, dominated by species such as Bursa ftjiensis . B. latitude . B. quirihorai, species of Distorsio, Sassia remensa . and less

common small personids in the genera Distorsionella and Personopsis. The number of species of New Caledonian Personidae is the highest

yet recorded. The Personopsis species are the first modem ones correctly referred to the genus. Revisions are provided of Biplex,

Gyrineum. Cymatium (Gelagna). the Cymatium vespaceum. C. tenuiliration and Bursa latitude species groups, of southwest Pacific species of

Sassia, and of several Cymatium (Ranularia) and Distorsio species. New genera proposed are Halgyrineum (Ranellidae) and Distorsomina

(Personidae). Seven new species are proposed: Biplex bozzettii (from Somalia and southern India). Gyrineum longicaudatum (from the

tropical western Pacific). Cymatium penniketi (from Oman). Distorsio parvimpedita, Distorsionella pseudaphera. Personopsis purpurata and

P trigonaperta (all from New Caledonia). The nomenclature of numerous taxa is stabilized by the designation of neotypes and lectotypes for

nominal species named by A. Adams & Reeve. Broderip, Deshayes. Dillwyn, Dunker, Fulton. Gmclin. Gould. Gray. Iredalc, Jousseaume,

Kuenen. Kiister. Lamarck. Linne, Martin. Mighels, d'Orbigny. Perry, Reeve, Rdding, Salis Marschlins, Schepman, Schumacher, G B.

Sowerby II. and Wood.

RESUME

Beu. A. G.. 1998. — Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New

Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist. nat.. 178: 1-255. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-517-8.

Ranellidae, Bursidae et Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de I'lndo-Ouest Pacifique : Ktude monographique de la faune de Nouvelle-

Caledonie et revision des taxons apparentes.

Les Ranellidae, Bursidae et Personidae de la region neo-caledonienne sont eludies sur la base d’un echantillonnage intensif de plus

de KMX) prelevements. Soixante-treize cspeces sont presentes, certaines etant signages pour la premiere fois de la region. La faune

bathyale, exceptionnellement diversifiee, est dominee par Bursa ftjiensis, B. latitude, B. quirihorai. Sassia remensa, diverses Distorsio et

d'autres Personidae plus occasionnels dans les genres Distorsionella et Personopsis. La diversity des Personidae de Nouvelle-Caledonie,

inegatee dans le monde, se manifeste par la presence de deux especes de Personopsis. genre jusqu’ici connu exclusivement a I’etat fossile.

La monographie comprend des revisions de genres, groupes d’cspeces ou faunules r^gionales : les especes des genres ou sous-genre Biplex,

Gyrineum et Cymatium (Gelagna), les especes des groupes de Cymatium vespaceum, C. tenuili ration et Bursa latitude, ainsi que les especes

de Sassia du Sud-Ouest du Pacifique ; la systematique de diverses especes de Cymatium (Ranularia) et Distorsio est precisee. Deux

nouveaux genres et 7 especes nouvelles sont decrits : Halgyrineum et Distorsomina : Biplex bozzettii (de Somalie et du Sud de Linde),

Gyrineum longicaudatum (du Pacifique occidental tropical), Cymatium penniketi (d'Oman), Distorsio parvimpedita, Distorsionella

pseudaphera, Personopsis purpurata et P. trigonaperta (tous de Nouvelle-Caledonie). La nomenclature de nombreux taxons est stabilise par

la designation de neotypes et lectotypes d'especes nominales nommees par A. Adams & Reeve, Broderip, Deshayes, Dillwyn. Dunker,

Fulton, Gmelin. Gould, Gray. Iredalc. Jousseaume. Kuenen, Kiister. Lamarck. Linne, Martin. Mighels, d’Orbigny, Perry. Reeve, Rdding, Salis

Marschlins, Schepman, Schumacher, G B. Sowerby II et Wood.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Beu. A. G., 1998. — Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New

Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat 178: 1-255. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-517-8.

Seventy-three species of Ranellidae. Bursidae and Personidae are recorded from more than 1000 stations around New Caledonia

and the Loyalty Islands, and in the Coral Sea and New Hebrides Arc. One of the more remarkable aspects of this fauna is the uniquely

diverse deep-water tonnoidean assemblage, dominated by species such as Bursa fijiensis (Watson); despite not having been reported since it

was collected by H.M.S. "Challenger" last century, this proves to be moderately common and widespread in the region in 260-580 m. The

assemblage includes other common deep-water Bursa species (B. latitude Garrard. B. quirihorai Beu). common deep-water Distorsio

(mainly D. habei Lewis), abundant Sassia remensa (Iredale), and less common small personids (in genera Distorsionella and Personopsis).

The number of species of New Caledonian Personidae. and particularly of the smaller-sized species in genera other than Distorsio, is the

highest yet recorded. The Personopsis species are the first modern ones correctly referred to the genus. Several newly recorded species

were known previously only from the Philippine Islands ( Cymatium fittkaui Parth. Bursa fosteri Beu. Bursa lucaensis Parth. Distorsio

graceiellae Parth, D. kurzi Petuch & Harasewych), whereas a few other newly recorded species ( Charonia larnpas (Linne), Cymatium

exaratum (Reeve), C. iredalei (Beu), C. parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins)) are range extensions of taxa previously regarded (within the study

area) as limited to the temperate southwest Pacific. Cymatium armatum (G.B. Sowerby III) is also recorded from New Caledonia.

Revisions are provided of Biplex. Gyrineum, Cymatium (Gelagna), the Cymatium vespaceum, C. tenuiliratum and Bursa latitudo

species groups, of southwest Pacific species of Sassia , and of several C. (Ranularia) and Distorsio species. New genera proposed are

Halgyrineum (type species: Gyrineum louisae Lewis) and Distorsomina (type species: Distorsio pusilla Pease). Seven new species are

proposed: Biplex bozzettii (from Somalia and southern India), Gyrineum longicaudatum (from the tropical western Pacific), Cymatium

(Monoplex) penniketi (from Oman), Distorsio parx'impedita, Distorsionella pseudaphera . Personopsis purpurata and P. trigonaperta (all from

New Caledonia).

Neotypes are designated for Murex lotorium and M. rana rubeta of Linne, 1758; Murex caudatus and M. conditus of Gmelin, 1791;

Murex parthenopeus Salis Marschlins, 1793; Cymatium rhinoceros, Distorsio muricina, D. reticulata. Neptunea doliata, Tritonium bufo, T.

candisatum, T. granulare, T. jabick, T. natator, T. nicobaricum. T. opis, and T. tuberosum of Roding, 1798; Gyrineum verrucosum, Tritonium

nodulus and T. varicosum of Link, 1807; Septa scarlatina Perry, 1810; Biplex elegans, B. perca, B. rosa, B. rubicola, B. tuberosa, B.

variegata. Monoplex australasiae, Distorta acuta, D. rotunda and Septa rubicunda of Perry, 1811; Murex candisata Dillwyn. 1817; Distorta

rugosa and Larnpas hians of Schumacher, 1817; Murex labiosus Wood. 1828; Ranella pulchra Gray in G. B. Sowerby II, 1836; Triton

lacunatum Mighels, 1845; Triton production Gould, 1852; Ranella lamarckii Deshayes, 1853; and Ranella chemnitzii and R. sagitta of Kiister,

1871. Lectotypes are designated for Murex anus. M. gyrinus, M. larnpas , M. pyrum and M. tritonis of Linnd, 1758; Murex succinctus Linne,

1771; Ranella bitubercularis , R. ranina, Triton distortion, and T. succinct urn of Lamarck. 1816; Ranella granifera, Triton oust rale. T.

canaliferus, T. chlorostomum, T. nodiferum, T. tuberosum and T. vespaceum of Lamarck, 1822; Ranella affinis. R. pusilla and R. tuberculata of

Broderip. 1833; Ranella cruentata G B. Sowerby II. 1835 and R. rhodostoma Beck in G. B. Sowerby II. 1836; Triton americanum and T.

antillarum of d’Orbigny, 1842; Ranella cuspidata. R. livida, R. rosea, R. siphonata, Triton decipiens. T. exaratus, T. exile, T. gracilis, T.

pfeifferianus, T. sarcostoma, T. sinensis, and T. thersites of Reeve, 1844; Triton testudinarius A. Adams & Reeve. 1850; Bursa concinna and B.

cumingiana of Dunker, 1862; Triton albocingulatus Deshayes. 1863; Ltonpas caledonensis Jousseaume, 1881; Ranella raninoides Martin.

1884; Ranella pamotanensis Martin. 1899; Gyrineum (Biplex) perca var. aculeata Schepman, 1909; Bursa (Biplex) microstoma Fulton. 1930;

Ranella (Biplex) perca timorensis Kuenen in Koperberg, 1931; and Apollon deliberatus Iredale, 1936.

RESUME DEVELOPPE

Beu, A. G., 1998. — Indo-West Pacific Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda). A monograph of the New

Caledonian fauna and revisions of related taxa. Mem. Mus. natn. Hist, nat., 178: 1-255. Paris ISBN: 2-85653-517-8.

Ranellidae, Bursidae et Personidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) de I’lndo-Ouest Pacifique : Etude nionographique de la faune de Nouvelle-

Caledonie et revision des taxons apparent^.

L’occurrence et la distribution de soixante-treize especes de Ranellidae, Bursidae et Personidae sont rapportees sur la base de

nombreuses campagnes de prospection dans les eaux de Nouvelle-Caledonie, des iles Loyaute, de la mer du Corail et de fare des

Nouvelles-Hebrides, ou plus de 1000 prSlevements ont livre des especes de ces families. Un des aspects les plus remarquables de cette

faune est la decouverte d’un assemblage d'especes bathyales de Tonnoidea particuli£rement diversify. II comprend en particular Bursa

fijiensis (Watson) qui, bien qu’elle n'ait jamais ete retrouvee depuis I'expedition du "Challenger" au siecle dernier, apparait largement

repandue, et meme relativement commune dans toute la region entre 260 et 580 m de profondeur. Cet ensemble bathyal comprend

6galement plusieurs autres especes, communes, de Bursa (B. latitudo Garrard, B. quirihorai Beu), des Distorsio (principalement D. habei

Lewis). Sassia remensa (Iredale). particulierement abondant, et d'autres petits Personidae plus rares dans les genres Distorsionella et

Personopsis. La famille des Personidae est representee en Nouvelle-Calddonie par un nombre d’especes plus eleve que dans n’importe

quelle autre region du monde. en particulier pour les especes de petite taille dans les genres autres que Distorsio. Deux especes de

Personopsis sont les premieres especes dc la faune actuelle correctement placees dans ce genre, jusqu’ici connu exclusivement a l’6tat

ALAN G. BLU

que des Philippines Panh /" pour . ,a P rei ™«r e fois de Nouvelle-Calddonie n’eiaiem connues

Harasewych), ct les a,res d'occurrence de queSaw4T( cZroZVZXX ^ DiM Mellae Parth. D. "pe,“

parthenopeum iSalis Marschlins)) son! maintenam d±ndn« t, £7; a J ampas <Linne) Cymatmm exaratum (Reeve). C iredalei (Re n r

restreintes. Enfin. la rarissime XLi, .“"'(aB.tteTbyffl) esT^^emeSa^deS^-°ues, Pacifique! ou d^es'parSen.

L etude monographique de cede collection comprend des r/visinn. ho 8 " alee de Nouvelle-Caledcinie.

Its especes des genres ou sous-genre Biplex, Gvrineum et Cvmarium iCpI d f rs , genres ’ S rou P es d'especes ou faunules regionales •

especes nominates suivamefT^i^ 1758°^ ^ dC lec } 01 ^ Des n6ot VP^ son! design^ pour les

parthenopeus Sal.s Marschlins, 1793 ; Cvmatium rhi^cernV ntZ,; 8 * Mur ? ccludat “* et M. conditus Gmelin, 1791 - Marti

Lampaslnans Schumacher. 1817 : Murex hbios„s Wood. 1828 ■ R X, nuUhrncl i r\ ™" d ' sa S a Dillw >"- 1817 : Dis.ono a,got ei

lectmCnes "" Gou ! li - 1852 ; RlmMl '“"“"Cku Deshayes issf ■ eTedtn w 7^- " 1836 : Tnwn Mighels.

ltciot\pe.s sont designes pour les especes nominales suivanies ■ Mu nr u ’ R ? chemnnzu e! R. sagitta Kiister J 871 ^ Des

ssastzt^ Lr-s £’

Source: MNHN, Paris

INTRODUCTION

This report is the sixth in which I have revised the taxonomy of some of the living and fossil species of the

gastropod families Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae. The report is based on an enormous collection of these

three families from more than 1000 localities in the New Caledonian-Coral Sea region and Vanuatu, collected by

ORSTOM and the Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN) over the years 1984-1994.

The collection reported on here is important for Indo-West Pacific molluscan biogeography, as it

demonstrates that the highly diverse fauna of molluscs usually thought of in recent years as centred on the

Philippine Islands actually ranges very widely throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes, at least as far south as

New Caledonia. The previously apparent restriction of numerous species to the Philippine Islands is an artifact of

inadequate sampling elsewhere. The more than 1200 stations sampled by B. RICHER DEFORCES of ORSTOM (447 of

them containing taxa reported here) in a survey of the 23400 km 2 of the soft bottoms of the lagoons of New

Caledonia in the "Programme LAGON" (Richer de Forges, 1991) have demonstrated for the first time the

occurrence of a small endemic New Caledonian Distorsio species, and of several other species in these families not

previously reported south of the equator ( e.g ., Cymatium fittkaui, C. testudinarium , C. tenuiliratum , Bursa

lucaensis , B. fasten . Bufonaria perelegans, Distorsio graceiellae, D. kurzi). They have also demonstrated the wider

southwest Pacific range of such species, previously regarded (within this general area) as Australasian, as Charonia

lampas . Cymatium exaratum and C. iredalei. These samples are greatly amplified by the recent expedition

MONTROUZIER samples collected from shallow hard substrates in northern New Caledonia. The 55 samples

containing ranellids, bursids and personids add richly to the records, including the first New Caledonian records of

Cymatium (Ramdaria) exile and Bursa lamarckii. Cymatium armatum is also reported from New Caledonia for the

first time.

Even more remarkable is the deep-water fauna of the wider New Caledonian region, from the Coral Sea to

southern Vanuatu, brought to light in the surveys carried out in the MUSORSTOM, SMIB, CORAIL, CHALCAL,

biocal, volsmar, BERYX, BATHUS and more minor cruises of ORSTOM and MNHN, summarised in part (with

station location maps) by Richer de FORGES (1990). These surveys revealed a wholly new tonnoidean fauna

dominated by abundant Sassia remensa , and with common Bursa fijiensis (not reported previously since it was

collected last century by the HMS "Challenger" expedition), abundant B. latitudo , common B. c/uirihorai, common

Distorsio habei , and common Distorsionella lewisi. Less common members of the deep-water fauna are

surprisingly diverse small-sized personids - two small Distorsio species, a second species referred to Distorsionella ,

and two species of Personopsis. The last are the first reliably assigned Recent species of a genus previously limited

to Paleocene to Pliocene fossils.

For adequate identification and clarification of the taxonomy of this large fauna, it has been necessary to

revise several groups on a world-wide or Pacific-wide level. Accordingly, several species are revised or newly

proposed below that do not occur in New Caledonia, but are closely related to species that do. Significant groups

revised below are Biplex, Gyrineum, Cymatium (Gelagna), the Cymatium vespaceum, C. tenuiliratum and Bursa

latitudo species groups, southwest Pacific forms of Sassia , several species of Distorsio , and all the members of the

present-day genera of Personidae other than Distorsio. In a significant change from the classification adopted earlier

(BEU & CERNOHORSKY, 1986), it is concluded that it is preferable to rank Linatella and Gelagna as subgenera of

Cymatium rather than as full genera, and a consequent name change is introduced.

I am aware of only three significant previous catalogues or popular books on the New Caledonian fauna, in

which species of Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae have been recorded from the islands. These tire Fischer (1860:

357-359), who recorded 11 species in these families, Melvill & Standen's (1895-1897) major catalogue of the

Hadfield collection from the Loyalty Islands, in which 15 species were recorded and a sixteenth ( Cymatium

hepaticum ) is implied by a comment on colour variability, and the popular book by Salvat et al. (1988: 100-

103) who recorded 23 species. The total of 27 species recorded in these three previous works is listed in Table 1,

with names updated to those used in the present report.

ALAN G. BEU

Table 1. — Previous records of Raneliidae, Bursidae and Personidae from New Caledonia.

SPECIES

Fischer

(I860)

Melvill & Standen

(1895)

Salvat et al

(1988)

Gyrineum gyrinum

lacunatum

Charonia tritonis

Cymatium (Gelagna) succinct am

(Gutturnium) muricinum

(Lotoria) lo tori am

(Monoplex) aquatile

mundum

X 1

nicobaricum

pileare

(Ranuiaria) gutturnium

dunkeri

x 2

pyrum

sinense

x 3

(Septa) hepatieum

■r 4

rubeculum

(Turritriton) labiosum

Bursa cruentata

granularis

rhodostoma

x 3

rosa

Bufonaria perelegans

t her sites

Tutufa (Tutufa) bufo

X s

(Tut ufel la) rube la

Distorsio anus

reticularis

1. As C gemma rum', assumed implies C mundum.

2. Accidentally identified by repeating ihe succeeding name, C. rubeculum.

3. In "Addenda", p. 131.

4. Assume C. hepatieum is implied by comment that C. rubeculum is "extremely varied in coloration"

5. as Triton lampas of Kiener (1842: pi. 5. fig. I).

I* 0 ° tlier s P ecies m 'hese families have been recorded in other earlier papers I am aware of. Euthyme

( 889: 277. footnote) recorded a specimen of Charonia lampas as: "we have received it from New Caledonia

absolutely conforming to the type from the Mediterranean". This description implies that Euthyme had a brightly

coloured shallow-water specimen and. as such specimens have never since been seen from New Caledonia it seems

very likely that his specimen bore a wrong locality, although a few pale, deep-water specimens are recorded below

from the New Caledonian region. Arthur & Garcia-Talavera (1990) described and illustrated in colour

specimens of their new species Cymalium (Sepia) mixtum from New Caledonia. Although I have not seen C.

ll,m ' New Caledonia in the present survey, there is no reason to doubt the locality. There is therefore, a

reliable total of 28 species in the families Raneliidae, Bursidae and Personidae recorded from New Caledonia

previously.

The detailed survey of even the shallow-water fauna of New Caledonia, earned out in "Programme lagon"

and EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER, shows that earlier records were quite inadequate, as at least a further 20 shallow-

water species are recorded below. But a far greater advance has been made in the knowledge of the deep-water fauna

no species of which had been recorded from New Caledonia before the orstom/mnhn sampling programme

commenced. This fauna turns out to be composed of surprising novelties, new records of the long-lost species

oursajijiensis, and common occurrences of previously rare species.

„„„„ ! ,Ver lhe la !‘ feW ? CCa< ? e f a trend - for which 1 am partly responsible, has grown to treat the minor

geographic races or forms of widely distributed species as formal geographic subspecies. The ranellids and bursids

are some of the preeminent examples of this trend. Continuing experience with tonnoidean taxonomy has shown

Source : MNHN , Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

that this creates as many problems as it solves. The example of Charonia lampas (below) is typical; New

Caledonian specimens are from well offshore, and do not display the minor characters used to recognise subspecies

in shallow-water samples elsewhere in the world. It is clear that C. lampas is more usefully treated as a single,

widely distibuted species. Geographic subspecies recognised for a few other taxa in this report (e.g., Gyrineum

gyrinum ) are regarded as an interim measure; some will prove to be separate species, and others will be

synonymised once their true status is known.

Virtually all the New Caledonian-Coral Sea-Vanuatu material cited here is housed in MNHN, Paris. A small

selection is retained in NZGS (as listed in the Appendix), and paratypes have been distributed as noted in a few cases.

In the cases of species with many New Celedonian records, only the stations they occur at are listed in the text, and

full station data and specimen numbers are listed in the Appendix.

Type specimens of early-named species

A significant emphasis in this work has been permanently to stabilise the species named by earlier

taxonomists, and particularly those of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries who described species before the

modern concept of type specimens had developed, as recommended in ICZN Recommendation 75E. Many of the

species described by Linne (1758, 1767, 1771) are represented by specimens housed by either the Linnean Society

of London (Dance, 1967) or the Zoological Museum of Uppsala University (Wallin, 1993) and these specimens

are in most cases eligible as possible lectotypes for Linne's species. Indeed, many of them bear numbers inside the

aperture, written by Linne, identifying them with Linne's names. However, Linne did not mention his specimens

in any of his publications. Instead, he identified which species he was describing by citing one or several earlier-

published figures from pre-Linnean iconographies. As Linne did not mention his own specimens, most workers in

recent times have considered that the specimens illustrated in the cited pre-Linnean iconographies and the specimens

in Linne's collections have equal status as syntypes of Linne's species. In many cases, complications with

identifying which species Linne intended a name to apply to have arisen because his cited figures show more than

one species; differences in citations between the 10th and 12th editions of "Systema Naturae" (Linne, 1758, 1767)

suggest that at least some of these were typographical errors in the 10th edition. In most cases, the actual

specimens figured in the pre-Linnean iconographies cited by Linne, as well as those dating from the period shortly

after Linne and cited by post-Linnean authors such as Gmelin (1791), are not available to present-day taxonomists

because, in the intervening years, the collections in which the illustrated specimens belonged have been lost or

sold. For example, one of the largest and therefore most frequently cited of early iconographies is that of Martini

& Chemnitz (1769-1795), but very few specimens illustrated in this work are known today; Richardson et al

(1979) republished the figures from this work cited by early taxonomists. Cernohorsky (1974) described the fate

of the collection and the remnants of the illustrated material, and I have examined the material personally; the

known illustrated material from this work is in the University Zoological Museum, Copenhagen. The material is

present because it belonged to the Danish collectors Moltke and Spengler, and was apparently loaned to Martini or

Chemnitz for illustration (Dr J0rgen Knudsen, Copenhagen, pers. comm.); Chemnitz's collection was dispersed by

private sale, and nothing from it has been identified today. Of the specimens remaining in Copenhagen, none are

the illustrated specimens for any cited figures of species of Ranellidae, Bursidae or Personidae.

Of the pre-Linnean shells cited as illustrations by Linne (1758, 1767, 1771) almost none are known today,

at least of those cited for the families Ranellidae, Bursidae or Personidae. Dance (1966: appendix 4) has provided a

list of known repositories for significant collections, and the main collections containing material illustrated in pre-

Linnean or early post-Linnean works of importance for the nomenclature of the Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae

are listed briefly, from Dance:

(a) Bolten: Bolten's shells, described by Roding (1798), were acquired by the Art and Natural History Museum,

Gotha, but as far as I am aware no type specimens have ever been reported from this museum.

(b) Gualtieri (1742): Dance (1966: 288) reported that Gualtieri's collection was probably in the "Pisa museum”.

I am pleased to report that Henk Dijkstra (Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam; pers. comm.), with Robert

Moolenbeek, recently visited the Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita di Pisa, Certosa di Calci,

Pisa, Italy, and was able to examine the collection illustrated by Gualtieri (1742). Dr Marco Zuffi, Curator of

Zoology, has since confirmed that most of the specimens illustrated by Gualtieri are present in this museum, and

many have the figure number written inside the aperture; critical to the present work is the cited specimen of Murex

pileare Linne (1758: 749), designated the lectotype of Murex pileare by Beu & Kay (1988). This specimen is

ALAN G. BEU

critical because a specimen in Linne's collection, in London, identified by Linne as Murex pileare , is the

Mediterranean species now universally known as Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck); the application of this well

known name would change if Linne's specimen were selected as the lectotype. Dance (1966: 300) also reported

that Gualtieri's collection contains "perhaps the only authentic extant material" from the collection ofRUMPHIUS

(1705).

"specimens not isolated and none can now be identified positively". KOHN (1981: 301) gave further information on

the collection now housed at Wilhelm-Pieck-Universitat Rostock, but basically confirmed that "it seems unlikely

that any specimens on which Link based new species descriptions can be identified at Rostock".

(d) Perky (1810, 1811): Dance (1966: 297) reported "some specimens figured in his Conchology (1811) in Brit.

Mus.", but unfortunately this is not so for any of Perry's specimens of Ranellidae, Bursidae or Personidae.

(e) Schumacher (1817): Dance (1966: 301) reported that his collection is in "Copenhagen Mus.", but no type

material of Ranellidae, Bursidae or Personidae named by Schumacher was present in the collection when examined

by me in 1979.

Nothing seems ever to have been reported on the collections that formed the basis of the remaining three works that

were cited most frequently for illustrations of Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae by LiNNE (1758): Buonanni

(1681), Dezallier D'Argenville (1742) and Klein (1753) (this last seems to have been the basis of much of

Linne's nomenclature of molluscs).

The position taken here has been to designate the earliest available, clearly recognisable, eligible specimen

as the lectotype or neotype for a particular name, preferably from among the type material of early authors. In most

cases, the same specimen has been selected as the lectotype or neotype of most or all later synonyms, so that the

names are objective synonyms. Neotypes have been designated where needed for names proposed by Linne (1758),

Gmelin (1791), Roding (1798). Link (1807), Perry (1810, 1811), Dillwyn (1817), Schumacher (1817). and

a few more minor cases. The type material of almost all the members of these families described by Lamarck

( 1816. 1822) is present in Lamarck's collection in Museum de Geneve, and most specimens of these families

illustrated by Kiener (1841. 1842) were from among Lamarck's type material. The location of most of the material

from later papers and iconographies has been well known for many years, and the locations are cited as relevant

below'; most material relevant to the present paper is in either BMNH or MNHN. One further important location for

type specimens that came to light during this work deserves mention; Dr Rudo von Cosel (MNHN) informed me

that the type specimens of Japanese molluscs described by Lischke are housed in the Lobbecke Museum und

Aquazoo, Diisseldorf.

Linne ranellid syntypes in uppsala. — A complication in this work has been the identity of the Linne

syntypes in Uppsala University Zoology Museum [uuzm] (Wallin, 1993) of species not represented in the

collection of the Linnean Society of London; photographs of the "syntypes" (Fig. 22) were kindly supplied by Dr

Anders Waren (Swedish Natural History Museum, Stockholm). The three relevant taxa and the identities of the

specimens catalogued at present as their "syntypes" are as follows: (a) Murex lampas Linne, 1758: UUZM Linne

Colin no. 981 = Cymatium (Lotoria) lotorium of subsequent authors; UUZM Linne Colin no. 1618 = Cymatium

(Lotoria) grandimacu/atum: (b) Murex lotorium Linne, 1758: UUZM Linne Colin no. 301 = Cymatium (Ranularia)

pyrum of subsequent authors; UUZM Linne Colin no. 899a = Cymatium (Ranularia) pyrum of subsequent authors;

UUZM Linne Colin no. 899b = Cymatium (Cymatium) femorale of subsequent authors; (c) Murex pyrum Linne,

1758: UUZM Linne Colin no. 853 = Cymatium (Ranularia) cynocephalum. Not one of these "syntypes" agrees

with the species it has usually been identified as, and not one agrees with the figures cited for these species by

Linne (1758); the specimens seem to have been muddled or added to the collection since Linne’s time. Wallin

( 1993) also made the point that no specimen in the collection bears an original Linne label. As the adoption of any

of these specimens as lectotypes of Linnean taxa would change current usage substantially, and there is no evidence

that any of them is a genuine Linnean syntype, these specimens are not considered to be syntypes, and lectotypes

are chosen from other more appropriate material, in the relevant text below.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

The tropical indo-west pacific fauna

As a means of demonstrating the proportion of the Indo-West Pacific fauna that is now recorded from the

New Caledonian region, the full fauna known to me is listed here of the tropical Indo-West Pacific province, i.e

not including the eastern Pacific. Names are listed critically, i.e ., with regard to priority and the Code of Zoological

Nomenclature. Species now recorded from the New Caledonian region are in bold type, and any other species

whose ranges suggest that they eventually might be found in the New Caledonian region are preceded by an

asterisk*.

This list of 145 species and subspecies includes 73 from the New Caledonian-Coral Sea-Vanuatu region,

although one of these, Tiitufa tenuigranosa . is recorded only provisionally. Of the remaining 72 tropical Indo-West

Pacific species not recorded from the New Caledonian region, only 14, at the most, could ever be expected to occur

in New Caledonia; this is 16% of the possible full fauna of 87 species. Of these 14 species, only Biplex perca ,

Cymatium cutaceum, C. intermedium, C. oblitum, C. pyrulum, C. flaveolum, Bursa asperrima , and possibly B.

verrucosa and Bufonaria margaritula are likely to occur in New Caledonia, and it is likely that at least 90% ot the

full fauna is now recorded, not including any new, restricted New Caledonian species that come to light in the

future.

Family ranellidae

Subfamily ranelunae

Biplex bozzettii sp. nov., Indian Ocean.

*perca Perry, 1811, western Pacific.

pulchella (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825), northeastern Australia, New Guinea.

pulchra (Gray in G.B. Sowerby II, 1836), western Pacific.

Gyrineum bituberculare (Lamarck, 1816), western Pacific.

concinnum (Dunker, 1862), Red Sea.

gyrinum gyrinum (Linne, 1758), western Pacific (and Indian Ocean ?).

gyrinum wilmerianum Preston, 1908, Indian Ocean.

hirasei (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961), Indo-West Pacific.

lacunatum (Mighels, 1843), Indo-West Pacific.

longicaudatum sp. nov., western Pacific.

natator (Roding, 1798), northwestern Pacific and northern Indian oceans.

pusillum (Broderip, 1833), eastern Polynesia.

roseum (Reeve, 1844), western Pacific.

Halgyrineum gen. nov. louisae (Lewis, 1974), Indo-YVest Pacific and Atlantic.

Subfamily cyma tiinae

Charonia lampas (Linne, 1758), Mediterranean, Atlantic, South Africa, Australasia-New

Caledonia, Japan-Taiwan.

tritonis (Linne, 1758), lndo-West Pacific and Eastern Pacific.

Cymatium (Cymatium) ranzanii (Bianconi, 1850), western Indian Ocean.

(Gelagna) pallidum Parth, 1996, western Indian Ocean.

succinctum (Linne, 1771), lndo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

( Gutturnium) muricinum (Roding, 1798), Indo-YVest Pacific and Atlantic.

(Linatella) *cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816), lndo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

(Lotoria) grandimaculatum (Reeve, 1844), northern Indian and Pacific oceans. Red Sea.

lotorium (Linne, 1758), lndo-West Pacific.

perryi Emerson & Old, 1963. northern Indian Ocean.

(Monoplex) aquatile (Reeve, 1844), Indo-YVest Pacific and Atlantic.

comptum (A. Adams, 1855), lndo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

exaratum (Reeve, 1844), Australasia-New Caledonia, Hawaii, Japan

(Caribbean?).

ALAN G. BEU

fittkaui Parth, 1991, western Pacific.

gemmatum (Reeve, 1844), western Pacific.

*intermedium (Pease, 1869), Indo-West Pacific.

mundum (Gould, 1849), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

nicobaricum (Roding, 1798), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793), Mediterranean, Atlantic, South Africa,

northern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Arabia, Australia and New' Zealand to

Kermadec Islands, New Caledonia, central Japan, Taiwan and Hawaii.

penniketi sp. nov., northern Indian Ocean.

pileare (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

tenuiliratum (Lischke, 1873), Indo-West Pacific.

*thersites (Reeve, 1844), Indo-West Pacific.

vespaceum (Lamarck, 1822), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

(Ranularia) andamanense Beu, 1987, northern Indian Ocean.

armatum (G.B. Sowerby HI, 1879), southwestern Pacific.

arthuri Beu, 1987. Red Sea.

boschi Abbott & Lewis, 1970, northern Indian Ocean.

caudatum (Gmelin, 1791), western Pacific.

cynocephalum (Lamarck, 1816), Atlantic and western Indian oceans.

[sp. nov. aff. cynocephalum ?, Western Australia]

dunkeri (Lischke, 1868), Japan-Taiwan, southwestern Pacific.

encausticum (Reeve, 1844), northwestern Pacific.

exile (Reeve, 1844), western Pacific and Red Sea.

gallinago (Reeve, 1844), Atlantic and western Indian oceans.

gutturnium (Roding, 1798), Indo-West Pacific.

moniliferum (A.Adams & Reeve, 1850), Indian Ocean.

*oblitum Lewis & Beu, 1976, western Pacific and Western Australia.

oboesum (Perry, 1811), northern Indian Ocean.

*parthi Arthur, 1991, western Pacific.

*pyrulum (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850) [= fortespirale Parth, 1993], western Pacific.

pyrum (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844), Indo-West Pacific.

sinense (Reeve, 1844), western Pacific.

springsteeni Beu, 1987, Indo-West Pacific.

testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850), Indo-West Pacific.

trilineatum (Reeve, 1844), northern Indian Ocean and Red Sea.

tripum (Lamarck, 1822), northern Indian Ocean.

(Reticutriton) pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

(Septa) bibbeyi Beu, 1987, Philippine Islands.

closeli Beu, 1987, Indian Ocean.

*flaveolum (Roding, 1798), western Pacific.

hepaticum (Roding, 1798), Indo-West Pacific.

mixtum Arthur & Garcia-Talavera, 1990, Indo-West Pacific.

occidentale (Morch, 1877), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

peasei Beu, 1987, Polynesia.

rubeculum rubeculum (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

rubeculum marerubrum Garcia-Talavera, 1985, Red Sea.

(Turritriton) labiosum (Wood, 1828), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

Sassia (Sassia) midwayensis (Habe & Okutani, 1968), Hawaiian Islands.

nassariformis (G.B. Sowerby III, 1902), western Indian Ocean - South Africa.

palmeri (Powell, 1967), northern New Zealand - Kermadec Islands.

remensa (Iredale, 1936), southwest Pacific - Vanuatu (further ?).

semitorta (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961), northwest Pacific.

sp. nov., central western Pacific.

sp. nov.. Western Australia.

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERS0N1DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Family bursidae

Bursa *asperrinia Dunker, 1862, Indo-West Pacific.

awatii Ray, 1949, Indian Ocean and northwest Pacific.

*bufonia (Gmelin, 1791), Indo-West Pacific.

condita (Gmelin, 1791), western Pacific.

cruentata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1835), Indo-West Pacific.

davidboschi Beu, 1987, northern Indian and Pacific oceans.

fijiensis (Watson, 1881), western Pacific.

fosteri Beu, 1987, western Pacific.

granularis (Rciding, 1798), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

humilis Beu. 1981. western Australia.

lamarckii (Deshayes, 1853), western Pacific.

latitudo Garrard, 1961, Indo-West Pacific.

lucaensis Parth, 1991, western Pacific.

luteostoma (Pease, 1861), Hawaiian Islands.

quiriliorai Beu, 1987, western Pacific.

ranelloides (Reeve, 1844), Atlantic and Indian oceans and northwest Pacific.

rhodostoma (Beck in G.B. Sowerby II, 1835), Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

rosa (Perry, 1811), Indo-West Pacific.

luberosissima (Reeve, 1844). northwest Pacific.

venustula (Reeve, 1844), eastern Polynesia.

*verrucosa (G.B. Sowerby I. 1825). southwest Pacific (Queensland. Kermadec Is., N. New Zealand).

Bufonaria albivaricosa (Reeve, 1844). northern Indian Ocean (and northern Pacific ?).

*borisbeckeri Parth, 1996. Indo-West Pacific.

cavitensis (Beck in Reeve, 1844). northwest Pacific.

cristinae Parth. 1989. Philippine Islands.

crumena (Lamarck. 1816), Indian Ocean.

echinata (Link, 1807), northern Indian Ocean.

elegans (Beck in G.B. Sowerby II. 1836), northeastern Indian Ocean and western Indonesia.

fernandesi Beu. 1977. western Indian Ocean.

foliata (Broderip, 1826), Indian Ocean.

gnorima (Melvill, 1918), northern Indian and Pacific oceans.

ignobilis Beu, 1987, Indo-West Pacific.

*margaritula (Deshayes, 1832), Indo-West Pacific.

nobilis (Reeve, 1844), Indo-West Pacific.

perelegans Beu, 1987, western Pacific.

*rana (Linne, 1758), northwest Pacific and Queensland.

subgranosa (G.B. Sowerby II, 1836). Philippine Islands and Queensland.

thersites (Redfield, 1846), western Pacific.

Tutufa (Tutufa) burdeyi (Jousseaume, 1894), northern Indian Ocean.

bubo (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

bufo (Roding, 1798), Indo-West Pacific.

*tenuigranosa (Smith, 1914), Indo-West Pacific.

(Tutufella) boholicci Beu. 1987, Philippine Islands.

nigrita Miihlhausser & Blocher, 1979, Indian Ocean.

oyamai Habe, 1973, Indo-West Pacific.

rubeta (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

Family personidae

Distorsio anus (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

burgessi Lewis, 1972, Hawaiian Islands.

decipiens (Reeve, 1844), western Pacific.

Source: MNHN. Paris

ALAN G. BEU

euconstricta Beu, 1987, Indo-West Pacific.

graceiellae Parth, 1989, western Pacific.

habei Lewis, 1972, western Pacific.

kurzi Petuch & Harasewych, 1980, Indo-West Pacific.

muehlhaeusseri Parth, 1990, western Indian Ocean.

parvimpedita sp. nov., New Caledonia.

perdistorta Fulton, 1938, Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic.

reticularis (Linne, 1758), Indo-West Pacific.

somalica Parth, 1990, western Indian Ocean and South Africa.

ventricosa Kronenberg, 1994, Philippine Islands.

Distorsionella lewisi (Beu, 1978), southwest Pacific.

pseudaphera sp. nov., New Caledonia.

Distorsomina gen. nov. pusilla (Pease, 1861), Indo-West Pacific.

Personopsis purpurata sp. nov., New Caledonia and Coral Sea.

trigonaperta sp. nov., New Caledonia and southern Vanuatu.

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations are used throughout the text:

Institutions

amnh American Museum of Natural History, New York

ams Australian Museum, Sydney

ansp Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

BMNH The Natural History Museum [formerly British Museum

(Natural History)], London

bpbm Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honololu

cas California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco

dmnh Delaware Museum of Natural History. Wilmington

igps Institute of Geology & Paleontology, Tohoku University,

Sendai

lacm Los Angeles County Museum of Natural History, Los

Angeles

mcz Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University,

Cambridge

mhng Museum d'Histoire Naturelle, Geneva

mnhn Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris

rmnh Nationaal Natuurhistorisches Museum [formerly Rijks-

museum van Natuurlijke HistoricJ, Leiden

NMNZ Museum of New Zealand, Wellington

nmp Natal Museum. Pietermaritzburg

nsmt National Science Museum, Tokyo

nzgs Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences [formerly

New Zealand Geological Survey], Lower Hutt; non-New

Zealand Mollusca prefixed WM

nzoi National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Sciences

[formerly New Zealand Oceanographic Institute],

Wellington

pri Paleontological Research Institution, Ithaca

usnm National Museum of Natural History [formerly United

States National Museum], Washington D.C.

uuzm Zoological Museum of Uppsala University, Uppsala

wam Western Australian Museum, Perth

zma Zoologisch Museum, Amsterdam.

Miscellaneous

Specimen dimensions are invariably in mm, and cited in the order H

(= height). D (= maximum diameter).

Colin

collection of

coll.

collected by

juv.

juvenile

collected alive

empty shell.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT

Subclass PROSOBRANCHIA Milne-Edwards, 1848

Superorder CAENOGASTROPODA Cox, 1959

Order NEOTAENIOGLOSSA Haller, 1882

Superfamily TONNOIDEA Suter, 1913 (1825)

(Conserved under ICZN Article 40b)

REMARKS. — BANDEL& Riedel (1994) and Riedel (1994. 1995) attempted to adopt the new superfamily

name Cassoidea Latreille. 1825 in place of Tonnoidea Suter, 1913 (1825), which has been used by virtually all

authors during the last 55 years. However, Ponder & Waren (1988: 302) conserved the family name Tonmdae

Suter 1913 (1825) under ICZN Article 40b, in place of the prior Doliidae Latreille, 1825 (based on the junior

synonym Dolimn Lamarck, 1801). As Tonnidae Suter. 1913 (1825) and Cassidae Latreille. 1825 were published

simultaneously, the superfamily name Tonnoidea (also with the suffix -acea) has been adopted by the vast majority

of authors since Wenz (1941: 1045). and Tonnoidea is conserved under Article 40b, I can see no justification lor

changing the superfamily name.

Family RANELLIDAE Gray, 1854

Subfamily RANELLINAE Gray, 1854

(= GYR1NEINAE Higo & Goto, 1993 [unavailable])

Remarks. — Beu [in Beesley et al ., 1997] has elevated subfamily Pisanianurinae Waren & Bouchet.

1990 to family Pisanianuridae. The species of Piscinicmura recorded trom New Caledonia by Waren & Bouchet

(1990) are not considered in the present report.

HIGO&GOTO (1993: 157) erected a subfamily Gyrineinae for Gyrineum and Biplex, but not only is this

not available (as they did not provide a diagnosis) but also it is unnecessary, as there is no reason to remove these

genera from their current position in the subfamily Ranellinae.

Genus Biplex Perry, 1811

Biplex Perry, 1811: explanation to plate 4. Type species (SD by GRAY, 1847: 133): Biplex perca Perry, 1811,

Miocene to Recent, Western Pacific.

REMARKS. — Biplex is regarded here as a genus distinct from Gyrineum , containing those species with

wide, thin, antero-posteriorly fused varices, forming continuous thin flanges down the left and right sides ol the

teleoconch, 180° apart. . ,

Although Gray (1847) designated a type species for Biplex , the first author to use the genus in a sense

similar to its modern one was JOUSSEAUME (1879). In this little-known paper, JOUSSEAUME included in the genus

those ranellids, buccinids and muricids with varices strongly aligned to form two ridges, i.e. species now included

in Biplex, Gyrineum, Ncissaria, Eupleura and Aspella. However, he discussed mainly the species Biplex perca

and B. pulchra , and provided a table of characters distinguishing them.

As the status of the New Caledonian species of Biplex has been a difficult question to resolve, and as an

unnamed species has come to light from the western Indian Ocean, all named fossil and living species oi Biplex

are reviewed here. The earliest known fossil record is only Early Miocene, and most species have no record betore

ALAN G. BEU

the Late Miocene or Pliocene. Abdel-GawaD (1986: 115, pi. 15, fig. 1) described a supposed Late Cretaceous

species, Biplex cretaceus , from Maastrichtian rocks of the Vistula Valley. Poland, but his illustration of a mould of

a tall-spired, strongly "winged" shell appears more likely to show an aporrhaid than a ranellid. The phylogenetic

origins of Biplex appear likely to be from a Gyrineum species through a relatively early, generalised Biplex species

such as B. bufo (Fig. 3 a), an Early Miocene species from Kutch. Pakistan, which has moderately well expanded

but non-spinose varices. The descent of this group from Gyrineum by expansion of the varices is a plausible but

purely speculative idea at present, but the lack of any fossils referable to Biplex before Miocene time makes the

reference of "B". cretaceus to the genus unacceptable.

Taxa here included in Biplex:

Biplex bozzettii sp. nov., Recent, northern and western Indian Ocean.

bufo (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840), Early Miocene, Pakistan.

magnifica (Martin, 1879), Miocene, Java.

pamotanensis (Martin, 1899), Pliocene, Java.

perca Perry, 1811, Miocene to Recent, Western Pacific (N. Australia to S. Japan).

perliberalis (Beets, 1984), Late Miocene, Mandul Island, East Borneo.

pulchella (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825), Recent, N. Australia and eastern Indonesia.

pulchra (Gray in G.B. Sowerby II. 1836), Pliocene to Recent, Western Pacific (New Caledonia and N.

Australia to southern Japan).

Biplex bozzettii sp. nov.

Figs 1, 2 a-i, 6 d

Gyrineum (Biplex) perca - Bosch ei al„ 1995: 94. fig. 345.

Type data. — Holotype MNHN (ex NZGS WM15524) and 5 paratypes: 1 NZGS WM15524, 1 AMS

C202741, 1 USNM 880221, 2 in collection of L. Bozzetti, Milan, trawled in 120-150 m off Ras 1= Cape] Hafun.

northern Somalia, presented by Luigi Bozzetti. 1 paratype NZGS WM 15525, trawled in "deep water" off

Mogadiscio, Somalia, presented by Abbey Specimen Shells. 4 paratypes: 3 NZGS WM 15275, 1 MNHN, trawled off

Somalia, East Africa, presented by Heinrich Muhlhausser (Freiburg, Germany). 32 paratypes NZGS WM 15449,

"deep water" off Tuticorin, southernmost India, from local fishermen, presented by P. Muthiah, Jan. 1995

Distribution. — I have seen this species only from the above localities: off Somalia, East Africa, and off

Tuticorin, southern India. It is probably widely distributed in moderately deep water in the western and northern

Indian Ocean.

Description. — Shell large for genus, with relatively wide, inflated whorls, very wide, thin varices fused

together antero-posteriorly to form thin flanges 180° apart down whole teleoconch, and with weakly to strongly

spinose variceal outline. Spire moderately tall and anterior siphonal canal moderately long, resembling those of B.

perca , except that anterior canal is much more widely open ventrally than in B. perca in all available specimens

(damaged?). Protoconch abraded on all available material. Teleoconch whorls strongly inflated for genus, almost

evenly convex, only weakly angled by peripheral spiral cords, lacking weak subsutural channel visible on most

specimens of both B. perca and B. pulchra. Spiral sculpture relatively weak, of four narrow, moderately elevated,

finely nodulose cords on spire whorls and 12 on last whorl and canal; cords of most inflated, central area of each

whorl remain elevated across varices to form prominent, spine-like, strongly dorsoventrally compressed nodules

around variceal margins, three on spire whorls and four, plus two much weaker, lower ones on last whorl. Narrow,

low, indistinct interstitial threads in some interspaces (one at periphery and 3-4 on sutural ramp in most specimens)

do not cross varices. Axial sculpture of relatively low, narrow, ill-defined costae, forming low, rounded nodules

where they cross spiral cords, extending full height of spire whorls and well down onto adapical part of siphonal

canal on last whorl; costa-free zones between sculptured zones on last whorl (as frequently developed on B. perca)

developed only very weakly, on only two of 11 specimens examined; 12-14 costae in one intervariceal interval on

penultimate whorl, 12-17 on last whorl. Aperture oval, with raised peristome broken only by narrowly to quite

widely open anterior siphonal canal. Inner lip smooth at outer margin but bearing several low, indistinct spiral

ridges inside aperture, and two more prominent nodules just inside adapical end of outer lip. Outer lip lightly

Source: MNHN, Paris

HEIGHT, mm

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERS0N1DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 1.

-i-1 1

3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0

HEIGHT / APERTURE HEIGHT

- Scatter diagram comparing height to height/aperture height (relative inflation) of he three largesl li g

iplex species. Abbreviations identifying mean points: J = Japan-Philippines (B. pulchra). NC - New Caledonia.

= Japan-Philippines (fl. perca ), S = Somalia. T = Tuticonn, India.

Source: MNHN, Paris

ALAN G. BEU

thickened and slightly reflexed, its inner surface bearing many low. rounded, indistinct ridges conforming in

position to external spiral inter-spaces. Colour pale fawn to cream, with darker brown spiral cords that are

maculated by white nodules at the sculptural intersections. Periostracum pale yellowish fawn. Operculum oval,

with abapical terminal nucleus, dark brown.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 54.0, D 22.8. Off Somalia, paratype nzgs WM15525: H 56.4, D 25.3.

Tuticorin. India, largest paratype, NZGS WM 15449: H 57.3, D 23.4.

Remarks. — Distinguishing between the three larger living species Biplex bozzettii, B. perca and B.

pulchra has proved to be subtle and, for some specimens, quite difficult. Dimensions of the three largest species are

compared graphically in Fig. 1. The smallest living species. B. pulchella , is easily distinguished from the other

three by its much smaller maximum size, its more deeply channelled suture, its less markedly spinose outline, and

its wider and more closely spaced spiral cords. The three largest species differ in (1) the relative spire height - tallest

in B. pulchra , slightly lower in B. bozzettii than in B. perca ; (2) the relative aperture size - largest in B. bozzettii ,

smallest in B. pulchra ; (3) the underlying reason for the above two differences, the whorl diameter - largest in B.

bozzettii . smallest in B. pulchra : (4) the coarseness of the sculpture - finest in B. bozzettii . coarsest in B. pulchra,

intermediate but highly variable in B. perca ; and (5) the coarseness of the interstitial spiral sculpture, particularly

over the varices. This last provides the easiest means of distinguishing between B. perca and B. pulchra : whereas B.

pulchra has several (commonly four to six around the periphery, more on the sutural ramp, fewer on the neck)

closely spaced secondary and tertiary spiral threads filling each primary spiral interspace, and extending out over the

varices to form complex, closely spaced sculpture, elaborated still further by the development of weak threads on

the major cords and, on many specimens, the acquisition of weak axial nodulation near the outer variceal margins,

most specimens of B. perca lose all but a single, smooth, narrow, central secondary thread, margined by wide,

smooth interspaces, between major cords on the last whorl. Even this single thread becomes weak as it extends

across each varix in B. bozzettii. Also, the degree of sutural channelling decreases with increasing maximum size

and whorl diameter: most pronounced in B. pulcheUa, still prominent in B. pulchra , developed only weakly towards

the end of each intervaricea! interval in B. perca, and not present in B. bozzettii. The sculpture also is consistently

finer in B. bozzettii than in either of its large relatives; not only are there more axial costae because of the larger

whorl diameter, but also the costae are lower, narrower and more closely spaced in B. bozzettii than in either B.

perca or B. pulchra. Perhaps as a consequence of this last character, the development of flattened, axial-free areas in

the centres of intervariceal spaces over the last whorl that is so prominent in B. perca populations is only weakly

seen on a few of the specimens of B. bozzettii', this character has not been observed in B. pulchra.

It is surprising to recognise this species in collections from southern India, where dealers have apparently

been selling it for some years under the name B. perca. Indian Ocean shells are consistently wider than the real B.

perca from Japan and the Philippine Islands; either the species group has a discontinuous range, or the known

samples might form part of a dine.

Three of the available Somalian specimens of Biplex bozzettii have only small spines around the variceal

margins, or have almost no spines on almost evenly expanded flanges. However, filled variceal interiors and broken

spine edges are visible on the margins of all such specimens, and spines are broken on early spire whorls but

remain on the last whorl or two of all other specimens. I am satisfied that the weakly spinose specimens have

merely had spine tips broken off. It is interesting, though, that specimens without prominent spines resemble the

Miocene B. pamotanensis.

Etymology. — I am pleased to name this species after Luigi Bozzetti of Milan, provider of most of the

Somalian material of the new species as well as of most of the other novel molluscan material coming to light

from Somalian fishermen.

Biplex bufo (J. de C. Sowerby, 1840)

Fig. 3 a

Ranella bufo J. de C. Sowerby. 1840: 329, pi. 26, fig. 16, and unpaginated caption.

Ranella ( Biplex) bufo - Vredenburc.. 1925: 255.

Argobuccinum (Biplex) perca - Eames, 1950: 243 (in purl).

not Argobuccinum ( Biplex) bufo - Dey, 1962: 75. pi. 5. figs 7. 12.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 2. — Biplex bozzettii sp. nov., all x 1.25. — a-b. holotype. MNHN (ex nzgs WM15524), trawled. 120-150 m. off

Cape Ras Hafun, Somalia. — c. paratype. NZGS WM15275, off Somalia. — d. i. 2 paratypes, NZGS WM 15449.

off Tuticorin. Southern India. — e. bmnh 1995225/2. specimen accompanying neotype of Biplex perca (Figs 4

a. c), "Philippines" and "Japan" (India?).— f. widest paratype, NZGS WM 15525. off Mogadiscio. Somalia. — g-

h. paratype. NZGS WM 15524. off Cape Ras Hafun. Somalia.

Source: MNHN, Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Type data. — Holotype. No. GG22470 in Palaeontology Dept. bmnh. from "Lower Miocene, Soomrow,

Cutch. Pakistan".

Dimensions. — H 33.8, D 25.9 (both slightly incomplete).

Remarks. — The sole specimen available is the holotype. This is a slightly incomplete specimen (the

outer margin of the terminal varix, the central area of the penultimate intervariceal interval, and the abapical end of

the anterior siphonal canal are missing: which is not surprising, as the specimen is a brown calcite neomorph of an

originally aragonitic shell). Nevertheless, what remains is quite well preserved, and shows that this is a moderate¬

sized (originally about 40 mm high), moderately tall-spired species of Biplex. The varices are thin and widely

expanded, crossed by prominent major spiral cords and much weaker secondary and tertiary spiral threads, but the

cords form only very low nodules at the variceal margins, rather than a prominent, digitate outline as in all Recent

species. The axial sculpture consists of six or seven narrow costae on the first visible teleoconch whorl (the

second?), reduced to three more prominent ones on the next whorl, and to only two or three very prominent, widely

spaced costae on the succeeding three whorls. The raised margin of the inner lip passes inside the outer lip at the

adapical end of the aperture, as is characteristic of Biplex. The anterior canal is moderately widely open. In lacking a

digitate variceal margin this species resembles the Javanese Miocene B. pamotanensis which, however, differs from

B. bufo in its more widely expanded varices, its lower spire, and its much finer and more numerous axial costae.

The Middle or Late Miocene specimen from the Quilon Limestone at Padappakara, near Quilon, Kerala,

southern India, illustrated by Dey (1962: 75, pi. 5, figs 7. 12) as Argobuccinum (Biplex) bufo differs from the

holotype of Biplex bufo in having a taller spire, markedly more subdued axial sculpture, and a still smoother

variceal outline. It represents another new species of Biplex. The smoother variceal outline gives this specimen a

closer similarity to B. pamotanensis than to B. bufo , but its spire is markedly taller than in B. pamotanensis.

The specific epithet bufo has, not surprisingly, been used at least three times for species of "frog shells".

However, the other two usages ( Mu rex bufo Bruguiere, 1792, applying to an Atlantic species of the bursid genus

Marsupina ; Tritonium bufo Roding, 1798, applying to a species of the bursid genus Tutufa , described below) were

proposed in other genera and are not primary homonyms of Ranella bufo J. de C. Sowerby. As all three names are

now used in different genera, all are valid.

Biplex magnifica (Martin, 1879)

Figs 3 b-c

Ranella magnifica Martin, 1879: 53, pi. 10, fig. 1.

Ranella magnifica - Zwierzycki. 1915: 109. — van DER Vlerk. 1931:241.

Biplex magnifica - MacNeil, 1961: 59.

Apollon {Biplex) magnifica - Skwarko & Sun ATI, 1994: m2.

Type data. — Holotype rmnh 9935, labelled " Vindplaats [Locality] K, Preangerian, Miocene"; Martin

( 1879: 53) cited the locality as Junghuhn's locality K. and provided a map showing K on a stream, Tji Badak,

inland from Sindangravan (shown on modem maps as Sindangberang), on the southern coast of southwestern Java.

Dimensions. — H 40.4 (probably originally about 50 mm), D 30.7.

Remarks. — As with the preceding species, only the holotype is available in European collections (others

are probably known in Indonesia). Biplex magnifica is a very distinctive species differing from all others in its

much less dorsoventrally compressed whorls, and its relatively narrow and unusually thick varices which, despite

the prominent spiral cords over the variceal faces, are raised into only very small nodules around the margins. The

axial sculpture is widely spaced but is low and fine, forming only small nodules at intersections with spiral cords.

In agreement with the well inflated whorls, the aperture is unusually large. The anterior siphonal canal is long and

unusually straight, but the spire apex is missing.

Source: MNHN . Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 3. — Biplex species. — a. Biplex bufo (J. de C. Sowerby), holotype. bmnh Palaeo. Dept. GG22470. "Lower

Miocene. Soomrow. Cutch. Pakistan"; x 1.5. — b-c, Biplex magnified (Martin), holotype, RMNH 9935.

Miocene, southwestern Java; x 1.5.— d-e, g-h, Biplex pamotanensis (Martin). Miocene Rembang Fm., Java,

d-e. rmnh T47068. "Rembang Ngampel. coll. K. Martin"; xl.5. g-h. lectotype, rmnh 9936, Martin’s figured

syntype, "G. Boetak, Rcmbanglagcn"; xl.5. — f. i. Biplex perliberalis (Beets), holotype. rmnh 315217,

Miocene, Mandul I., E. Borneo; x2.5. — j-1, Biplex pulchella (G.B. Sowerby I), Queensland, Australia, x2. j, I.

nzgs WM10541. Bowen. Queensland, k. holotype, bmnh 1840.8.24.278. unlocalised, ex Goodall Colin.

Source: MNHN. Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Biplex pamotanensis (Martin, 1899)

Figs 3 d-e, g-h

Ranella pamotanensis Martin, 1899: 151. pi. 23, figs 352-352 a-c.

Ranella pamotanensis - SlEMON, 1929: 52. — van der Vlerk, 1931: 241.

Ranella ( Biplex) pamotanensis - Wanner & Hahn, 1935: 257.

Argobuccinum ( Biplex ) pamotanensis - PANNEKOEK, 1936: 43.

Apollon pamotanensis - Shuto, 1977: 134.

Apollon ( Biplex) pamotanensis - Sk\varko& Sufiati, 1994: m3.

Type data. — Lectotype rmnh 9936 (here designated), Martin's (1899: pi. 23, figs 352-352 a-c) Figured

syntype, from "G. Boetak, O. Mioceen, Rembanglagen". Java, i.e. Miocene Rembang beds; 8 paralectotypes RMNH

9937, "Ngampel, Residency of Rembang", 1 fragmentary paralectotype in matrix; 5 fragmentary paralectotypes

RMNH 9938, "Panowan River, Residency of Rembang"; 1 incomplete paralectotype RMNH 9939. locality as for

lectotype; 1 paralectotype RMNH 9940. "Rembanglagen".

Other material examined.— 'Rembang Ngampel, coll. K. Martin", Miocene Rembang beds. Java (1 large, excellent specimen.

rmnh T47068; Figs 3 d-e).

DIMENSIONS. — Lectotype: H 29.3, D 22.8; large, subsequently collected specimen (Figs 3 d-e): H 34.1,

D 27.5.

REMARKS. — Biplex pamotanensis is the most distinctive of the larger species of Biplex , as it differs from

B. bozzettii, B. magnifica, B. perea and B. pulchra in its shorter and wider form, its even more widely expanded,

very thin varices lacking marginal spines, and its axial costae being partially fused into several wide, strongly

raised axial ridges over the last two whorls. Specimens of B. bozzettii having only weak marginal spines (Figs 2 g-

h, 6 d) resemble B. pamotanensis in a general way, but have much taller spires, narrower varices, and weaker

sculpture than B. pamotanensis. The species is represented in RMNH by several specimens (nine syntypes; and one

later-collected specimen. Figs 3 d-e) all of which are remarkably consistent in their distinctive characters.

Biplex perca Perry, 1811

Figs 1, 4 a-e, g-i, 6 c

Biplex perca Perry, 1811: pi. 4, fig. 5.

Gyrineum (Biplex) perca prisca Makiyama, 1927: 71, pi. 3, fig. 1 b.

Gyrineum perca edgerleyi Richards, 1933: 57, pi. 6. fig. 2.

Biplex perca - Jousseaume, 1879:4.— MacNeil, 1961: 59, pi. 2. fig. 20; pi. 8. fig. 9; pi. 13. fig. 4. — Kira. 1962: 57, pi. 22, fig. 17. —

Kuroda et at., 1971: 125. pi. 33, figs 1-2. — Aoki & Baba. 1983:50. fig. 14.— Okutani, 1986: 112-113, fig. left centre. — Noda,

1988: 40, pi. 17. figs 15-16. — Lai. 1989: 117, figs 2-4. — Wilson, 1993: 242.

Ranella perca - Deshayes, 1843: 556. — Kobelt. 1876b: 332. — Tryon, 1880: 43, pi. 23. fig. 51.

Gyrineum (Biplex) perca - Pilsbry, 1895: 48. — Altena, 1942: 100. — Cox, 1948: 41, pi. 4. figs 3 a-b. — Beu. 1985: 57. — Springsteen &

Leobrera, 1986: 114, pi. 31, fig. 6. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 31, pi. 4, fig. 6.

Apollon (Biplex) perca - Wissema, 1947: 145. — Oyama & Takemura. 1959: Apollon pi. 1. figs 7-11. — Kira, 1961: 54. pi. 21, fig. 17. —

Skwarko & Sufiati, 1994: m3.

Ranella pulchra - Reeve, 1844b: pi. 8. fig. 47. — Lischke, 1871: 37. — Martin. 1919: 137.

Ranella (Biplex) pulchra - Tesch, 1920: 43, pi. 129, figs 156 a-b.

Gyrineum (Biplex) aculeatum - HINTON, 1978: 30, fig. 16.

Type DATA. — Biplex perca : Perry's (1811) coloured drawing of the holotype (Fig. 4 b) of Bipex perca

leaves no doubt of the identity of the species. The specimen illustrated by Reeve (1844b: pi. 8, fig. 47) as

Ranella pulchra (BMNH 1995225/1) is here designated the neotype (Figs 4 a, c). Although Reeve (1844b) gave

the locality as "Isle of Luzon", the original board bears the label "Japan", which is a much more likely

provenance in 1844. The type locality is here designated as Sagami Bay, Honshu, Japan. The neotype is

accompanied by a second small, evenly granulous specimen bearing its operculum (BMNH 1995225/2) but this is

evidently a specimen of B. bozzettii (Fig. 2 e), possibly from India. — Gyrineum (Biplex) perca prisca : holotype

(GK No. 301) in Department of Geology, Kyoto University (Hatai & Nisiyama, 1952: 206); not seen. —

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Gyrineumperca edgerleyi: holotype stated to be in the private collection of Mrs Edgerley (Richards, 1933); no

U.S. collection curator I have requested information from is aware of the fate of the Edgerley Collection.

Other material examined. — As Biplex perca has not

previously been reported from Australia, Australian lots I have

examined are listed: North of Port Hedland. Western Australia

BMRSta. E68/569, I8°10' S. 118°22' E, 296 m. 10-10-1968 (1 ams

C82843). — Keppell Bay, south of Yeppoon. Queensland, April

1974 (1 AMS C98263). — 60-90 km Northwest of Port Hedland,

Western Australia, trawled in 370-480 m, 1988 (2 ams Cl56263). —

Capricorn Channel, Queensland, trawled, in Whitehead Colin (1).

— NW of Cape Leveque, Western Australia, 14°52.2-53.7' S.

121°39.9-41.7’ E. 224-220 m, R.V. "Soela" sta. 01/84/085, coll. S.

Slack-Smith, 16 Feb. 1984 (1 wam 1715-84). — NW of Cape

Leveque. Western Australia, 15° 11-12.9' S. 12l°26.9-25.7' E. 258-

260 m, R.V. "Soela" sta. 01/84/087, coll. S. Slack-Smith, 17 Nov.

1984 (1 wam 1726-84; 1 wam 1727-84). — W of Lacepede

Archipelago. Western Australia, 16°55.1-56.0' E, 119°54.6-51.5' E.

432-434 m. R.V. "Soela" sta. 01/84/089. coll. S. Slack-Smith. 18 Feb.

1984(1 wam 1732-84).

Distribution. Throughout the Western Pacific archipelagoes, from central Honshu, Japan to northern

Australia.

Although Biplex perca for many years was known only from southern Japan, and has been known

by such common names as the "Japanese finned frog", this apparent restriction proves to result from the

great intensity of sampling of Japanese coastal waters. The species is common in the Philippine Islands

(Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986). MNHN material taken by N.O. "Coriolis" during the cruise MUSORSTOM 3,

1985, includes 24 large lots (of up to 40 specimens) of B. perca trawled in 183-383 m around the Philippines;

specimens containing dried animals are from 183-205 m only. Only one specimen of B. pulchra is pre¬

sent in MUSORSTOM 3 samples, and it is clear that B. perca is very much more abundant around the Philippines

than is B. pulchra. The species appears to extend as far westward as Hong Kong. Although all previous more

southerly records of large Biplex appear to have been of B. pulchra , the New Guinea specimen identified as G.

aculeatum by HINTON (1978: 30, fig. 16) is B. perca , and several specimens in AMS and wam are from

Queensland. Australia and northern Western Australia (data listed above). The species occurs commonly in about

200 m or more throughout the western Pacific. No specimens in MNHN from New Caledonia are referred here with

certainty, but see below, under B. pulchra ; a single specimen from LAGON sta. 1148 is possibly

B. perca.

Dimensions. — Biplex perca (neotype) bmnh 1995225/1: H 56.3, D 42.0. - Japan, nzgs WM9310: H

53.4, D 21.2, H 53.6, D 20.7. - Taiwan, NZGS WM10698: H 65.6, D 24.1. - Philippines, MUSORSTOM 3: sta.

CP96, 14°00" N, 120° 18' E, 190-194 m: H 49.9, D 18.0; sta. CP99. 14°0r N, 120°19' E, 196-204 m: H 50.6, D

20.1, MNHN.

Remarks. — The synonymy list presented above is not intended to be exhaustive; this best-known of

Biplex species has appeared in many other works under a variety of genera. The list contains names confirmed as

synonyms, some important early references, and some recent references with good illustrations.

Biplex perca is the largest of Biplex species; an unlocalised specimen in NSMT is almost 100 mm high.

It commonly reaches a height of 50-60 mm (i.e. significantly larger than B. pulchra ) and the largest

illustrated here (Philippine Islands, in F.J. Springsteen Colin, Fig. 4 d) is 76.2 mm high and 54.5 mm

wide. Another in NSMT, from Ensu-nada, Aichi Prefecture, Honshu, is 75.8 mm high and 64.5 mm wide. It differs

further from B. pulchra in its wider shape, wider varices with shorter, wider spines, its much less pronounced

sutural channelling, its simpler and more widely spaced spiral threads over the varices, and its tendency to form

smooth areas, lacking axial costae, over the central parts of the last two or three intervariceal intervals.

It appears that J.E. Gray proposed the manuscript name Ranella pulchra for a species of Biplex at a

very early stage in his career (although he never published it himself, as far as I am aware) and as it was a

generally known name for many years it probably appeared on labels displayed publicly in the British Museum,

but neither Gray nor any other malacologist prior to JOUSSEAUME (1879) seems to have realised that two very

similar species occur throughout the Western Pacific. Thus, G.B. Sowerby's (1825. appendix: 18) species

names Ranella pulchella (again, by most authors assumed merely to be a synonym of B. perca) appears to have

been intended to imply that the species is a diminutive form related to B. pulchra (i.e., B. perca of this report).

However, when it was first published, by G.B. Sowerby II (1836), Gray's name B. pulchra was applied to a

clear illustration of the smaller, narrower species later named B. microstoma by FULTON (1930) (Fig. 4 f).

Jousseaume's (1879) realisation of the identity of the two species has understandably gone unnoticed, and

confusion over the names B. perca, B. pulchra, B. pulchella, B. aculeata and B. microstoma has continued to

the present day.

Fig. 4. — B ip lex perca and B. pulchra. — a-e. g-i. Biplex perca Perry. — a. c, neotype, bmnh 1995225/1. Reeve's

( 1844b) figured specimen of "Ranella pulchra " (not of Gray), labelled "Philippines" and "Japan", xl.25. — b.

copy (at published size) of Perry's (1811: pi. 4. fig. 5) original figure of Biplex perca. — d, Mactan I.. Cebu.

Philippines, FJ. Springsteen Colin, xl. — e, i. MUSORSTOM 3: sta. CP96. 190-194 m, Philippine Islands, xl.

— g, BMNH Palaeo. Dept. G51582, Noil Tobe, Timor, Pliocene: xl.5. — h. NZGS WM10698. Taiwan, xl. — f.

Biplex pulchra (Gray in G.B. Sowerby II), copy (at published size) of Sowerby's original figure (G.B. Sowerby II,

1836: pi. 93, fig. 19).

Source: MNHN, Pans

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Many records ot fossils from New Guinea, Indonesia, and southern Japan were not accompanied by

illustrations and, as the names B. pulchra and B. perca have been regarded as synonyms by most early writers, and

both species occur as fossils, it is impossible to verify the species recorded in many cases. However, Altena's

( 1942) Kendeng Pliocene specimens are mostly B. pulchra ; both species occur in the Timor Pliocene (see below)

and TESCH's (1920) record probably refers to both. The earlier record by Martin (1919: 137) from the Miocene of

Ngembak, Java, almost certainly refers to B. perca.

Specimens illustrated from the Japanese Pliocene by Makiyama (1927: pi. 3, fig. 16) and from the

Pliocene of Okinawa by MacNeil (1961: pi. 2, fig. 20; pi. 8, fig. 9; pi. 13, fig. 4) and Noda (1988: pi. 7, figs

15-16) all differ from most modern specimens in having numerous fine, low, closely spaced interstitial spiral

threads on the varices, and Makiyama's (1927: 71) name G. perca prisca is available for this form should it prove

to be consistent. However, this sculptural form is probably a variant of B. perca , of no taxonomic significance.

A Pliocene fossil specimen (Fig. 4 g) is present in with specimens of B. pulchra from Timor: G51582,

Pliocene, Noil Tobe, Timor, ex Mrs M.E. Walsh Colin, purchased 1930 (with 8 specimens B. pulchra , G51572-8,

BMNH Palaeo. Dept).

So many Japanese and Philippine Islands lots of this common species are present in world museums that it

is superfluous to list them all.

Biplex perliberalis (Beets, 1984)

Figs 3 f, i

Apollon (Biplex) perliberalis Beets, 1984: 58, pi. 3, figs 8-9.

Apollon (Biplex) perliberalis - Skwarko& Sufiati, 1994: m3.

Type DATA. — Holotype RMNH 315217, from Late Miocene (Preangerian), Mandul Island, NE Kalimantan

Timur (i.e. East Borneo).

Dimensions. — H 18.8, D 13.5.

Remarks. — This small-sized species belongs in the species group of Biplex pulchella , being similar in

size and having a similarly channelled suture and similar wide, low spiral cords to those of B. pulchella. B.

perliberalis differs from B. pulchella in its much wider and more prominent axial cords, forming more obvious, low

rounded nodules at the sculptural intersections, in its less widely expanded varices, and in having the spiral cords

more prominent where they cross the varices, separated by deeper and more clearly defined interspaces, and therefore

forming more prominent and more clearly separated nodules around the margins than in B. pulchella. The holotype

is apparently the only known specimen.

Biplex pulchella (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825)

Figs 3 j-1

Ranella pulchella G.B. Sowerby I, 1825: appendix, xviii.

Ranella pulchella Forbes, 1852: 382, pi. 3, figs 5 a-b.

Ranella jucunda A. Adams, 1854: 70.

Ranella pulchella - Smith, 1884: 56. — Brazier, 1889: 66.

Bursa (Eupleura) pulchella - Brazier, 1877: 176.

Gyrineum pulchellum - Hedley, 1909a: 361; 1918a: 277.

Gyrineum (Biplex) pulchellum - Schepman, 1909: 116. — Wilson & GiLLETT, 1971: 78, pi. 53, figs 15-15 a. — Beu, 1985: 57. — Henning &

Hemmen, 1993: 32. pi. 4, Tig. 5.

Biplex pulchella - Rippingale & McMichael, 1961: 68, pi. 7, fig. 17. — Cotton, 1964: 25. pi. 2. fig. 14. — Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 42,

pi. 15. fig. 6.

Biplex pulchellum - Wilson, 1993: 242. pi. 40. figs 4 a-b.

Ranella jucunda - TRYON. 1880: 45.

Gyrineum (Eupleura) jucundum - MELVILL& Standen. 1899: 164.

Gyrineum (Biplex) jacundum (sic) - Beu, 1971: 104, pi. 8, figs 16-17. — Hinton, 1978: 30. figs 17-17a.

Gyrineum (Biplex) jucundum - Cernohorsky, 1972a: 117, pi. 34. fig. 1.

ALAN G. BEU

Gyrineum jacundum (sic) - Short & Potter, 1987: 48, pi. 23, fig. 6.

Ranella perca - Schmeltz, 1877: 82.

Ranella (Eupleura) perca - Watson, 1886: 402.

Apollon (Biplex) sp. - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Apollon pi. 1. figs 3-4.

Type DATA. — Ranella pulchella G. B. Sowerby I: holotype BMNH 1840.8.24.278, without locality. The

specimen is identified as "ex Goodall Collection"; according to MS notes in the front of a BMNH copy of G.B.

Sowerby I (1825), Dr Joseph Goodall (1760-1840) purchased part of the Tankerville Collection, for the sale of

which Sowerby's catalogue was prepared, and BMNH purchased Goodall's collection. The type locality is here

designated as between Cumberland Island and Point Slade. Tones Strait. — Ranella pulchella Forbes: 3 syntypes(?)

BMNH 1851.11.24.14, from "8-11 fathoms, sand and shell bottom, between Cumberland I and Point Slade, lat.

21°S. long. 149°20' E, coll. J. McGillivray", collected in Torres Strait during the voyage of HMS ''Rattlesnake'' . It

is unclear, however, whether Forbes (1852) was intending to propose a new species, both synonymous and

homonymous with Sowerby's, or was merely using Sowerby's name; the confusion results from the lack of any

mention of Sowerby's usage of the name by FORBES (1852). — Ranella jucunda: neotype (of BEU, 1971: 105, pi.

8. figs 16-17) AMS C76466, dredged off Bowen. Queensland, ex NZGS WM10541).

Other material examined. — Bowen. Queensland (11

nzgs WM 10541). — Gladstone, Queensland (4 nzgs WMI3810). —

Port Douglas, N. Queensland (I nzgs WM8442). — Gladstone

Harbour. Queensland, ex J.R. Penniket Colin (I nzgs WMI5526). —

Cook Reef area. W. Torres Strait, dredged 35-55 feet (2 Whitehead

Colin). — Gloucester Passage, off Dingo Beach. Queensland (2

Whitehead Colin). — Gladstone. Queensland (2 Whitehead Colin).

— Gladstone Harbour, Queensland, dredged (6 Whitehead Colin).

— Shoal Point, McKay, Queensland (1 Whitehead Colin). — 90 lots

in ams: 9 are from southern Queensland (southernmost: C 69053,

Fairfax I.. Bunker Group, southernmost Great Barrier Reef, 1968),

48 from central Queensland to Torres Strait. 5 from the Gulf of

Carpentaria. 13 from the Northern Territory, and 15 from Western

Australia (northernmost: 160 km north of Croker I.. Arafura Sea,

Northern Territory. 9°30' S. I32°34’ E, 124 m. 9 Nov. 1969, P.

Colman on M.V. "San Pedro Sound", 2).

Distribution. — Biplex pulchella is a well known species of shallow inshore waters in Queensland,

Australia, and ranges around northern Australia to Onslow, Western Australia (Wilson & GlLLETT, 1971: 78). It

also ranges along the southern coast of New Guinea, and possibly further westward in eastern Indonesia; specimens

have been taken commonly from the far northwestern shelf of Western Australia, and Schepman (1909: 116)

recorded a specimen from "Siboga" sta. 162, 18 m, "between Loslos and Broken-islands, west coast of Salawatti"

(off the western tip of New Guinea).

Dimensions. — Ranella pulchella G.B. Sowerby 1 (holotype): H 21.0, D 14.1 (including incomplete

varices). - Ranella pulchella Forbes (figured syntype): H 25.6, D 17.2. - Ranella jucunda (neotype): H 21.9, D 16.7

(Beu, 1971: 105). - Gladstone Harbour, largest specimens seen, NZGS WM 10541: H 26.2, D 18.5. - Karumba, Gulf

of Carpentaria, AMS C74856: H 27.5, D 18.4.

Remarks. — This beautiful little species, reaching only about 27 mm in maximum height, is very

distinct from all other living Biplex species. Distinguishing characters are its fine sculpture, its deeply channelled

suture, its wide varices, and its wide spiral cords, with a single low. wide secondary cord filling each spiral

interspace over the surfaces ot the varices. The Borneo fossil Biplex perliberalis is the only similar species; it has

coarser sculpture, narrower varices, and more prominent major spiral cords over the varices than B. pulchella.

It was assumed by many early authors that G.B. Sowerby's name Ranella pulchella was a synonym of

Biplex perca, and Forbes's homonym (or merely a second usage of Sowerby's name? - Forbes's intention is unclear)

was therefore replaced by Beu (1971: 104) with B. jucunda (A. Adams) (misspelled "jacundum" by BEU). However,

G.B. Sowerby's holotype is a small, slightly incomplete specimen of the small northern Australian species,

conspecific with A. Adams's holotype of Ranella jucunda.

Biplex pule lira (Gray in G.B. Sowerby II, 1836)

Figs 1, 4 f, 5 a-m, 6 a-b

Ranella pulchra Gray in G.B. Sowerby II, 1836: pi. 93, fig. 19.

Gyrineum (Biplex) perca var. aculeata Schepman. 1909: 115, pi. 10, figs 1 a-c.

Bursa (Biplex) microstoma Fulton, 1930: 16, pi. 2, figs 2-3.

Ranella (Biplex) perca timorensis Kuenen in Koperberg, 1931: 119.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

FlG ' 5 ' 7n B T le ? pulchrcl (Gra y \ n G.B. Sowerby II), all xl.5. — a. neotype, bmnh 1930.4.2.2, lectotype of Bursa

(Btplex) microstoma f Fulton, Hong Kong". — b-c, "Vauban": sta. 9. New Caledonia, 175-200 m. - d,

lectotype, zma 309001 (Schepman s figured syntype) of G. perca var. aculeata Schepman. "Siboga" sta. 289.

Iimor Sea Indonesia, 112 m. -e, paralectotype of G. perca var. aculeata Schepman. zma 309002. all data as

s P e , cl T n resembling New Caledonian ones; Thailand. Thora Whitehead Colin. — e. LAGON- sta

1147, Belep Islands New Caledonia. — h, LAGON: sta. 1148. Belep Islands, New Caledonia (specimen

resembling B. perca) — .. k. bmnh Palaeo. Dept. G51572-8. Noel Tobe. Timor. Pliocene. - j. paralectotype

a o^ t a J Bip eX> P 7 khra tim ° rensi * Kucnen in Koperberg, 1931. Artis Geologisch Museum. Amsterdam, no.

.yszu. Phocene, Timor — 1, paralectotype of R. pulchra timorensis Kuenen in Koperberg. Mineralogisch-

Geologisch Museum. Delft, no. 13844. Pliocene, Timor. — m, lectotype of R . pulchra timorensis Kucnen in

Koperberg, Mineralogisch-Geologisch Museum. Delft, no. 5, Pliocene. Timor.

Source: MNHN, Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Biplex pulchra - Jousseaume. 1879: 4. — Lai, 1989: 117, figs 5-7.

Ranella pulchra - Jay, 1839: pi. 2. fig. 6. — Kiener, 1841: 8. pi. 6. fig. 1.

Ranella ( Eupleura) pulchra var. - Martin, 1884: 135, pi. 7, fig. 136.

Gyrineum ( Biplex ) pulchrum - Beu, 1985: 57, fig. 8. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 32, pi. 4, fig. 7.

Biplexpulchrum - Wilson, 1993: 242. pi. 40, figs 5 a-b.

Apollon ( Biplex ) perca - Shuto, 1969: 88. pi. 7, figs 6. 13-14.

Biplexperca - Ladd, 1977: 33. pi. II. figs 3-4.

Biplex aculeatus - Habe, 1964: 71. pi. 22, fig. 8.

Gyrineum ( Biplex ) aculeatum - Wilson & Gillett. 1971: 78, pi. 53. fig. 14. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 114, pi. 31, fig. 8.

Gyrineum microstomum - Yen. 1942: 214, pi. 17, fig. 106.

Apollon lBiplex) microstoma - Wissema, 1947: 146.

Apollon aculeatus microstoma - Kuroda & Habe, 1952: 39.

Biplex microstoma - Habe. 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 8. — Okutani, 1986: 112-113, centre right fig.

Apollon ( Biplex) aculeatus microstoma - OYAMA & Takemura. 1959: Apollon pi. 1, figs 5-6.

Type DATA. — Ranella pulchra : no type material appears to have been selected by Gray. The specimen

figured by G.B. Sowerby II (1836: pi. 93, fig. 19) would be suitable to choose as the lectotype, but its

whereabouts are unknown to me; it is not in the collection of the BMNH (Ms K. Way, letter 3 Jan. 1996).

However, there is no doubt of the identity of the figure (Fig. 4 f). The figured syntype of Bursa (Biplex)

microstoma (BMNH 1930.4.2.2. from "Hong Kong") is here designated the neotype of Ranella pulchra (Fig. 5 a).

— Gyrineum (Biplex) perca var. aculeata: figured syntype (ZMA 309001, Fig. 5 d), here designated lectotype, along

with 2 paralectotypes ZMA 309002 (Fig. 5 e), all from " Siboga" sta. 289, 112 m, "Indonesia, Timor Sea"; 1

paralectotype (ZMA 309003), from "Siboga" sta. 95, 522 m, "Indonesia, Sulu Sea", an abraded specimen of B.

perca. — Ranella (Biplex) perca timorensis : 3 of more numerous syntypes (Figs 5 j, 1-m) have been examined.

Two are in the Mineralogisch-Geologisch Museum, Delft, Netherlands (Reg. nos. 5 and 13844), from "Toi Oesapi

Soka (mixed with Nono Fatoe Fekoe), Timor. Mioceen" (Fig. 5 1). The third is in the Artis Geologisch Museum,

Amsterdam (No. A.9820), and is presumably from the same locality as the first two (Fig. 5 j). The most complete

of these (Delft, Min. Geol. Mus., no. 5) is here designated the lectotype (Fig. 5 m). These Timor Pliocene

specimens are very incomplete, but their elongate shape, well defined, narrow costae and cords, and long, narrow

variceal spines show they are B. pulchra. — Bursa (Biplex) microstoma: figured syntype. here designated lectotype

(and neotype of Ranella pulchra), BMNH 1930.4.2.2, from "Hong Kong"; paralectotype (labelled "co-type", "Hong

Kong") in National Museum of Wales (examined; see alsoTREW & Oliver, 1980: 10).

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta.

496, 539, 858, 1147 (Fig. 5 g), 1148 (Fig. 5 h). — bathus I: sta.

DW653. DW659. CP667, CP668 (Fig. 6 a). CP669, CP712.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. CP 172. CC173, CCI75,

DW185, DW186, CP 189. — smib 6: sta. DW1I0. DW113. DW127,

DW129. D W132, DW133. DW 134. DW 1 35, DW 1 36. — bathus 4 :

Sta. DW902, CP905. DW933. DW934. CP953.

Norfolk Ridge. "Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 9 (Figs5 b-c).

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW398, DW417, DW442,

DW456, DW462.

Local depth range 190-370 m. alive in 200-230 m.

Other material examined. — Northern Australia. New

Guinea. N. of Port Hedland. Western Australia, dredged 150 m.

18°40' S. 117°55’ E. 28 March 1982, J. Paxton on R.V. "Soela" (I

ams). — BMR "Espirito Santo" sta. E68/638. 240 miles WNW of

Port Hedland. Western Australia. 19°I2* S. 115°57' E. 274 m, 24

Nov. 1968(1 ams). — BMR "Espirito Santo" sta. E68/557. 130 miles

north of Port Hedland. Western Australia, 229 m, I8°3' S, 118°37' E,

7 Nov. 1968 (1 ams). — BMR "Espirito Santo" sta. E68/708. 120

miles north of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 161 m, I8°42' S,

118°02' E. 25 Nov. 1968 (1 ams). — Talili Bay, New Britain, coll. A.

Willey (1 ams C3159). — BMR. M.V. "Kos 2" sta. K67/I8I, 140

miles north of Cape Leveque, Western Australia. 14°29’S. 123°03'

E, 124 m, 12 Nov. 1967 (I ams). — R.V. "Soela" sta. 29-36, 85 naut.

miles NNW of Port Hedland, Western Australia, 19°0.4' S.

I18°01.0-0l.r E. 120-116 m. 29 Oct. 1983, coll. B.W. Jenkins (1

ams). — Dredged off Mooloolaba, extreme southern Queensland (1.

Whitehead Colin). — R.V. "Soela" sta. S02/82/13A. 114 miles off

Port Hedland.Western Australia. I8°25' S, 118°22' E. 201 m, coll. L.

Marsh, 2 April 1982 (100+ specimens). — R.V. "Soela" sta.

S02/82/48, 109 miles NW of Port Hedland. Western Australia,

I8°56-57’S. 117°21-19’ E. 201 m, coll. L. Marsh (12 wam 3090-83).

R.V. "Soela" sta. S02/82/10A. 100 miles NW of Port Hedland.

Western Australia, 18°47.5" S. 117°58’ E, 154 m. coll. L. Marsh (10

wam 3064-83: 40+ wam 3348-83; 10 wam 3064-83; 15 wam 3348-

83). — R.V. "Soela" sta. 01/84/084, NW of Cape Leveque. Western

Australia. l4°57.6-56.4 'S, 121°40.5-42.5' E. 200-236 m, coll.

S.Slack-Smith, 16 Feb. 1984 (I wam 1713-84). — R.V. "Soela" sta.

S02/82/08. 115 miles north of Port Hedland. Western Australia,

18°24.5’ S, 118°31-24.5’ E. 154-156 m. coll. L. Marsh, 28 March

1982 (I wam). — 9 miles north of Long I.. Onslow, Western

Australia, 77 m, coll. B.R. Wilson. 17 June 1960 (I wam). — CSIRO

sta. 173. DW6/63. north of Norwest Cape. Western Australia, 21°50’

S. 113°46' E, 140 m, 6 Oct. 1963 (I wam).

Localities other than the NW Pacific. Off Malabar Coast, India,

66 m, ex Indian Museum (1 ams C3230). — SE of Hong Kong, 116-

128 m, 21°00.7-05' N, 115°4.7-18.2’ E, 8 April 1983, W.F. Ponder on

FRV "Tai Shun "(11 ams Cl43026).— CORINDON: sta. DR208, Straits

of Makassar, 0°14' N. 117°52’ E, 150 m (I mnhn). — Sta. DR216.

Straits of Makassar. 0°40’ N, 117°51' E, 96 m (1 mnhn). — Thailand

(I, unusual narrow shell. Fig. 5 f). — Russell I., Solomon Islands,

from South Pacific Shells, dredged. 180-200 m (1) (both Whitehead

Colin).

Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta. CP 1071. 15°37’ S, 167° 16’ E. 180-191 m

(2 mnhn). — Sta. DW 1097, 15°05’ S, 167°1 V E, 281-288 m (2 mnhn).

As most museum specimens are from southern Japan, Taiwan or the

Philippine Islands, specimens seen from this area are not listed.

Indonesian fossils. Ngembak, Res. Semarang, Java, K. Martin’s

specimens (I rmnh 9933). — Martin's figured specimen, nhml 9934.

loc. as above (Martin, 1884: 135. pl.7. fig. 136). — Altena's

(1942) Kendeng Pliocene material, identified as G. perca. 5 lots

present, nearly all specimens are B. pulchra. — Timor Island.

Pliocene: G.51572-8, bmnh Palaeo. Dept, from Noel Tobe. Timor,

ex Mrs M.E. Walsh Colin, purchased Feb. 1930 (with one B. perca).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

DISTRIBUTION. — Biplex pulchra occurs throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes, from southern

NCW Ca .^° nl f’ ;uld lhe northern shelf of Western Australia as far south as Shark Bay

c h M. /vsi v l ° CCnlra ^ ons ^ u ‘ n J a P an - Habe (1964: 72) cited the northernmost occurrence in Japan as

Enshu Nada (Wakayama Prefecture, southern Honshu) whereas B. perca occurs further north, to Boso Peninsula,

central Honshu (KURODA et til., 1971: 125).

Dimensions. — Gyrineum (Biplex) perca var. aculeata (lectotype): H 22.0. D (including varices) 16.4;

paralectotypes: H 26.1, D 20.0; H 20.5 (incomplete), D 17.0. - Ranella pulchra (ncotype) and Bursa IBiplex)

microstoma (lectotype): H 46.3, D 34.3; paralectotype: H 44.6, D 33.7. - Ranella ,Biplex, perca timorensis

(lectotype). H _4.66. D 17.3; paralectotypes, Delft, Min.-Geol. Mus., no. 13844: H 30.8, D 19.4 ; Artis Mus. no.

A9820: H 27.9, D 18.0. - Large specimens from New Caledonia. MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW186: H 45.3 D 32.7.

BATHUS 1: sta. CP668: H 46.9, D 33.2. BATHUS 4: sta. DW934: H 47.4, D 31.0.

Remarks. — This is the intermediate-sized of the western Pacific Recent species, smaller and narrower and

with longer vanceal spines, more complex interstitial variceal spiral sculpture, a more deeply channelled suture and.

in most specimens, a smaller aperture and longer anterior siphonal canal than those of Biplex perca. It appears

likely that almost all malacologists before JOUSSEAUME (1879) did not realise that the two relatively large species

B. perca and B. pulchra co-occur from southern Japan to northern Australia, and Gray's name Ranella pulchra was

almost certainly originally intended to apply to the species now universally called B. perca. However, the first

publication of the name Ranella pulchra. attributed to Gray, was by G.B. Sowf.RBY II (1836: pi. 93. fig. 19) where

the figure (Fig. 4 0 clearly shows the species usually known since as either B. microstoma (Fulton) or B aculeata

(Schepman). Early figures by Jay (1839: pi. 2, fig. 6) and KlENER (1841: pi. 6, fig. 1) also show what is here

called B. pulchra. although that by Reeve (1844b: pi. 8, fig. 47) under this name is clearly the species now known

as B. perca.

As differences between Biplex pulchra and B. perca are subtle, particularly with immature specimens, the

identity of the type specimens of several of the listed synonyms has been difficult to evaluate. Characters used to

distinguish juvenile and incomplete specimens are: (1) most small B. perca. in the range of 15-20 mm high, are

very much shorter and wider than comparable B. pulchra (when identities were decided by occurrence in samples

with a large size range); (2) the difference in variceal spine shape (longer and markedly narrower in B. pulchra than

the wide, triangular ones of B. perca; still shorter in B. bozzettii ) holds at small sizes; (3) many (but by no means

all) B. pulchra have only one free variceal spine on spire whorls, rather than the two or, less commonly, three on

B. perca. Although some specimens of B. pulchra have the lower (abapical) variceal spine free of the succeeding

varix, specimens with only one spine free have not been observed in B. perca. On these grounds, SCHEPMAN'S

(1909: pi. 10. figs 1 a-c) figured syntype of G. (Biplex) perca var. aculeata is identified as II. pulchra and, as the

untigured syntypes include a large, corroded specimen of II. perca. the figured syntype is here designated the

lectotype. On the same grounds, Kuenen and Koperberg's (1931) Timor Pliocene specimens (Figs 6 j, l-m) are

identified as B. pulchra. also. Of course, there is no doubt that Fulton's figured syntype of Bursa (Biplex)

microstoma is a large, typical specimen of B. pulchra'. it is designated above as the neotype of Ranella pulchra.

Almost all specimens from New Caledonia (listed above) are of a rather distinctive form of B. pulchra that

is smaller and proportionally wider than most northern Pacific shells, with relatively prominently shouldered

whorls, in many specimens quite prominent axial costae, almost all specimens are cream to white (including those

dredged alive), and most have the lower (abapical) variceal spines short and directed strongly anteriorly on The last

whorl, so there is only one free spine on spire whorls. This form looks so different, at first sight, from the

common Philippines-Japan taller and narrower, pale tan. weakly sculptured, unshouldered form with more laterally

directed spines that I have considered the possibility that the New Caledonian specimens represent a further species

of Biplex. However, Philippine Islands specimens are highly variable and, for example, of two specimens in

mnhn, one is the "typical" tan form (between Bohol & Cebu, local fishermen, 50-150 m) whereas the other

closely resembles New Caledonian specimens (N.O. "Coriolis" MUSORSTOM 3: sta. CPI07, 111-115 m. 14°02' N.

120°28' E. 2 June 1985). A large lot presented to NZGS by F.J. Springsteen (NZGS WM 14039, "Punta Engano,

Mactan I, Cebu", i.e. from fishermen's sales, exact locality unknown; 31 specimens) contains 22 tan shells, three

white ones resembling New Caledonian specimens, and six intermediate shells. Also, a few New Caledonian

specimens resemble northern Pacific specimens in size, shape, sculpture and coloration (BATHUS I: sta. CP668, 3

pale brown, including one of the largest (H 46.9] from New Caledonia; LAGON: sta. 1147, one typical, pale brown

and tall; MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW186, 3 large and narrow, cream). It is concluded the species is highly variable, and

New Caledonian specimens are part of the variation of B. pulchra.

ALAN G. BEU

F 6 ‘ 7:£Ta e \r Gyr l n f u [ n and Halgyrineum. — a-b. Biplex pulchra (Gray in G.B. Sowerby II). a. BATHUS I: sta

CP668. New Caledonia, xl. b. NZGS WM10820, Taiwan, xl. - c, Biplex perca (Perry), nzgs WMI0698,

laiwan, xl. — d. Biplex bozzerm sp. nov.. paralype. nzgs WMI5524. off Cape Ras Hafun, Somalia, xl. — e-

g; Gyrineum longicaudatum sp. nov., all x 1.9. e. holotype. mnhn (ex nzgs WM 15041), off Tudela, Pacijan I.

Philippines, f, NZGS WM 14962, off Panglao, Bohol I.. Philippines, g. mnhn, lagon: sta. 378, New Caledonia

( I R 5 I - di l _ ng) * NZ S S WMI5532 * off Madras - India - xl.3. - i. Gyrineum concinnum (Dunker),

i/G. Ml3337, Madat I.. Ethiopia, Red Sea. x2. — j-k. Gyrineum lacunatum (Mighels), sculptured and smooth

£ > ™ s ’ 1 New Caledonia, j. lagon: ^sta..152. x2. k. lagon: sta. 127. x2. - 1-m. Gyrineum bituberculare

Lamarck) x 125. . nzgs WM 13192, Philippine Islands, Samar, m, WM13103, Bohol (specimen resembling

lectotype o R™ella bitubercujaris Lamarck). — n-o. Gyrineum roseum (Reeve), x2. n, chalcal 1: sta. D26.

Chesterf.e d-Bellona Plateau, Coral Sea. o. nzgs WM 14271. Mactan I.. Cebu, Philippines. — p. Hahyrineum

(gen. nov.) louisae (Lewis), smib 8: sta. DWI63, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia xl 5

Source: MNHN , Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURS1DAE AND PERSON1DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Caledonta; S 22"0 C m N fs W sh?pedZre lleT^rcflfhan B.\n,kTra' baton 'th^Vd'""" ^ Be . lep ' no « h ® rnm f> st New

more likely to be B. pit I dim. More material might well show that B. perca occurs in^New Caledonia P Recent

Vanuatu specimens taken dunng cruise musorstom 8 and Pleistocene fossils from the Kere River southern

Espintu Santo I., Vanuatu (USNM, localities uses 25718 uses 2*57IS iters ?S7H- u T i f lh

IS needed to evaluate the possibility that B. pulchra displays a cline in sculpture and colour the pale shouldered

narrow-spined form becoming dominant in the SE of its range. P snouldcred.

Genus Gyrineum Link, 1807

Gyrine Zdnt\ ‘inn? iysjpi" SP “T ( D S ° by ?/ XU - 1904: 131 Gyrineum verrucosum Link. 1807 [= Mu rex

gyrinus Linne, 1758], Pliocene to Recent, West Pacific.

Apollon f Montfort.1810: 571. Type species (by monotypy): Mu rex gyrinus Linne. 1758.

Gyrinella Da l. 19 4 89. Type species (OD): Ranellapusilla Broderip, 1833, Recent. French Polynesia

[misidentified type species. - probably intended for G. lacunatum (Mighels). Indo-West Pacific],

REMARKS. — The genus Gyrineum is a compact

group ol species, all of which have solid, strongly

sculptured shells with varices fused into two ridges roughly

180 apart up the whole teleoconch, and a conservative

sculptural plan with three or, on some parts of some

individuals, four spiral cords on the penultimate whorl, and

seven or eight forming low variceal nodules on the last

whorl. Gyrineum louisae, with its very different sculptural

plan, is separated below in the new genus Halgyrineum.

Species ot Gyrineum also all have very similar apertures,

with a nearly continuous peristome (interrupted by the

narrowly open anterior canal) and a ridged, weakly Hared

inner lip. seven nodules inside the outer lip. and a very

similar, lightly curved anterior canal (although the length of

the canal varies between species). They also all have similar

smooth, globose, turbiniform protoconchs, with

protoconchs I and II not differentiated, but in some cases the

number of protoconch whorls is a very useful species

character.

Fig.

Examination of Gyrineum protoconchs by SEM has

demonstrated that those of several species differ enough in

number of whorls for this to be a practical way of

distinguishing the species. Protoconch whorls have been

counted in diverse ways by previous authors, so it is

important to commence with a definition of the counting

method: I have adopted Marwick’s (1957: 14, fig. 2)

convention that a protoconch commences with a

hemispherical cap", so that counting commences only

from the end of the initial hemisphere, and only a half

whorl (180°) has been aimed by the time a radial line

rough the suture apex is met again (Fig. 7). Counting on apical views of enlarged scanning electron micrographs

then produces a reasonably objective figure for each species, although some ambiguity is introduced when the

initial hemisphere of the protoconch is very small ( e.g . G. lacunatum , Fig. 14 c; G. bituberculare , Fig. 9 j; G.

concmnum Fig. 10 a). Counts arrived at by this means are: G. pusillum (sensu stricto ), 0.8-0.9 whorls' G

wseum 1.25-1.3 whorls; G. longicaudatum , 1.3-1.6 whorls; G. lacunatum (= G. pusillum of almost all previous

authors), 1.8-2.2 whorls (most specimens), to as many as 2.6 whorls; G. gyrinum. 2.2 whorls; G. Iiirasei, 1.9-2.2

whorls; G. bituberculare , 2.3-2.4 whorls; G. natator , 2.6 whorls; and G. concinnum , ca 2.7 whorls. Clearly, this

7. — Sketch of apical view of a Gyrineum

protoconch, showing method of counting

protoconch whorls. Horizontal line through

initiation point crosses suture line first at 0

(alter an initial hemispherical cap), then after a

half-whorl at 0.5, after one full whorl at I, and

so on. This specimen has ca 2.2 whorls (based

on sem micrograph of G. lacunatum (Mighels).

AMS C60682. lectotype of Apollon deliberate

Iredale, Fig. 14 h).

ALAN G. BEU

criterion separates G. pusillum, G. roseum and G. longicaudatum from all the others most readily, but is ot little

practical use for distinguishing the other six species.

Criteria used to distinguish the remaining six species are size (C. natator and G. bituberculare reach a

considerably larger maximum size than the other species), colour pattern (very consistent in most species, but

highly varied in G. longicaudatum, G. lacunatum , and G. bituberculare ), length of the anterior canal, and coarseness

of the sculpture. Some species have their own unique characters, e.g ., the left margin of the inner lip is raised into

a narrow free rim, or collar, in G. longicaudatum only.

Because of the possibility that Indo-Pacific Recent species that have been named relatively recently were

named earlier as fossils, in Indonesia or Japan, some consideration has been given here to fossil species where

possible, but this is essentially a monograph of the living Indo-West Pacific species. Other species that appear to

be correctly referred to Gyrineum occur in the European Tertiary and in Miocene rocks of southern Australia

(G. maccoyi (Pritchard)) but are not reviewed here.

Gyrineum bituberculare (Lamarck, 1816)

Figs 6 l-m, 8 a-k, 9 a-j

Ranella bitubercularis Lamarck. 1816: pi. 412, fig. 6; "Liste des objets", p. 4.

Ranella cuspidata Reeve, 1844b: pi. 8, fig. 48.

Bursa fusco-costata Dunker, 1862: 239.

Ranella? tritonoides Woodward, 1879: 539 [reprint p. 23]. pi. 14, fig. 7.

Ranella anjarensis Martin, 1884: 137, pi. 7, fig. 137.

Ranella raninoides Martin. 1884: 203, pi. 9, fig. 6.

Ranella karikalensis Cossmann, 1903a: 156, pi. 5. figs 20-21.

Apollon osawanoensis Tsuda, 1959: 87, pi. 4, figs 9-10.

Apollon minoense Itoigawa, 1960: 284, pi. 5, figs 4 a-b.

Ranella bitubercularis - Lamarck. 1822: 153. — Kiener, 1841: pi. 6, fig. 2. — Deshayes, 1843: 548. — Reeve, 1844b: pi. 7, fig. 40. —

Kuster & Kobelt. 1871: 153. pi. 39 a, figs 9. 12.— Kobelt. 1876b: 331: 1876c: pi. 10. fig. 10. — Tryon, 1880: 43, pi. 23, fig. 44.

— Martin, 1884: 136. — Vredenburg, 1925: 255. — Fischer. 1927: 33. — Siemon, 1929: 54. — van der Vlerk, 1931: 240.

Bursa (Lampas) bitubercularis - Brazier. 1877: 175.

Ranella (Apollo) bitubercularis - Martin, 1899: 149. pi. 23. figs 349-350 a, 351. — Tesch. 1920: 43, pi. 129, figs 155 a-b. — Wanner &

Hahn, 1935: 233, 257.

Gyrineum bituberculare - Schepman. 1907: 182; 1909: I 14. — Altena, 1942: 96. — Cox, 1948: 40. pi. 3. figs 6 a-b. — Ladd, 1977: 33, pi. 12,

figs 7-9. — Beu. 1985: 56. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 113, pi. 31. figs 4 a-b. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 25, pi. 3. figs 4-

5. - Wilson. 1993: 241. pi. 40. fig. 7. — Bosch et al., 1995: 95. fig. 348.

Argobuccinum (Gyrineum) bituberculare - Beets, 1941: 88 (with many other references).

Apollon (Apollon) bituberculare - WlSSEMA, 1947: 143.

Gyrineum bitubercularis - Hinton, 1972: 12. pi. 6. fig. 18; 1978: 30. fig. 13.

Apollon bitubercularis - Beets, 1950a: 245. — Poppenoe& Kleinpell, 1978: pi. 5, fig. 6 b. — Beets, 1981: 20, 23, 26; 1984: 58.

Ranella cuspidata - Reeve, 1844d: 139. — Kobelt, 1876b: 331.

Gyrineum cuspidatum - Schepman, 1909: 114. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 114. pi. 31. fig. 5. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 26. pi. 3.

fig- 6.

not Gyrineum cuspidatum - Hinton, 1978: 30. fig. 15. (= G. longicaudatum].

Apollon cuspidatus - Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 42, pi. 15, fig. 7.

Bursa fusco-costata - DtJNKER. 1863-64: 57. pi. 19. figs 1-2.

Ranella fusco-costata - Kobelt, 1876b: 331.

Ranella? tritonoides - van der Vlerk. 1931: 240.

Bursa (Ranella) tritonoides - Skwarko& Sufiati, 1994: n4.

Ranella anjarensis - van der Vlerk, 1931: 240.

Argobuccinum anjarense - Df.y, 1962: 75.

Bursa (Ranella) anjarensis - Skyvarko& Sufiati. 1994: n4.

Apollon osawanoensis - Anonymous. 1992: 23, pi. 12, figs I a-b.

Apollon minoense - Itoic.awa et al.. 1981: pi. 35, figs 4 a-b.

Gyrineum cf. G. reticulare robusta - Ladd, 1982: 41, pi. 7, figs 5-6.

TYPE DATA. — Ranella bitubercularis : 2 syntypes (MNHG 1098/89/1-2); the larger (1098/89/1) is the

specimen figured by both LaMARCK (1816: pi. 412, fig. 6) and KlENER (1841: pi. 6, fig. 2) and is here designated

the lectotype; unlocalised. The type locality is here designated as Bohol, Philippine Islands. — Ranella cuspidata : 3

syntypes (BMNH 1967663) of which the smoothest, medium-sized specimen (H 31.1, D 20.3) is here designated the

lectotype (Figs 8 e, h-i, k); from the Philippine Islands, ex Cuming Colin ("Capul and Ticao"). — Bursa

fuscocostata : holotype BMNH 1968531 (Figs 8 g, j), from "California" (wrong; probably Philippine Islands). —

Ranella? tritonoides : type(s) not known to me. — Ranella anjarensis : holotype RMNH 9932, late Quaternary,

"Banjar Anjar. Residency of Soerabaja". Java, a finely sculptured last whorl (Fig. 8 f). — Ranella raninoides :

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Martin's figured syntype? RMN'h 9922, from Late Miocene (Preangerian), "Tji Longon, Java" (i. is not clear now

IZ 'll be y en P cX n ued as r "T WCre amon * Martin's types of Ranella raninoides , as "hey

have all been catalogued as G. bituberculare: it is assumed that Martin's figured specimen was only one of several

syn ypes as 10 lots in the collection date from Martin's time; the figured specimen accordingly is here designated

die lectotype of Ranella ramnoides (Figs 9 a, d). — Ranella karikalensis: 2 presumed syntypes examined from the

hiXam si l| d h', m ,h° n CoSSma, . ln - Lahora, °ire de Paleontologie, mnhn. labelled "Karikal dedit M. Bonnet";

^ f SpC “ 0( l Gyrineum bituberculare. - Apollon osawanoensis: holotype

(JC. 140044) in Department ot Geo ogy & Mineralogy, Kyoto University (Masuda & Noda. 1976- 181)- not

seen, from Kurosedam Miocene . Japan. — Apollon minoense : holotype (ESN.20063) in Department of Earth

Sciences, Nagoya University (Masuda & Noda. 1976; 181); no, seen; from "Oidawara Miocene'', Japan.

Othf.r material examined. — New Guinea. Pori Moresby

Harbour (ams specimen figured by Hinton, 197'’- pi 6

fig. 18).

Northern Australia. Murray I., Torres Strait, N. Queensland

dredged 9-15 m. coll. C. Hedley (5 ams C29980). — SW of Pt

Cloatcs. Western Australia. CSIRO sta. 187. 23°39‘ S 113°ir F

140 m, June 1963 (I wam).

Many lots, noi listed, in world museums, from Indonesia to the

Philippine Islands; several lots from Sri Lanka and off southern

India.

DISTRIBUTION - Living m Taiwan (?); from the Philippine Islands throughout the western Pacific to

Torres Strait andI the tar northwestern shelf of Western Australia; westward along the coasts of southern Asia to

southern India. Fossil in Miocene to Pleistocene rocks of Japan. Taiwan, the Philippine Islands, India, and

throughout Indonesia; the most commonly reported fossil Gyrineum species.

-i, DIMENSIONS . R ? neUa bitubercularis (lectotype): H 42.3, D 27.6; unfigured paralectotype: H 34.9, D

-1.7. - Ranella cuspulata (lectotype): H 31.1, D 20.3; unfigured paralectotypes: H 34 7 D 2^ 0 # H 30 9 D 19 7

Bursa fuscocostata (holotype): H 21.7, D 14.1. - Ranella anjarensis (holotype): H (very incomplete) 15.3 D 14 7

- Ranella ramnoides (lectotype): H 20.2, D 14.5 (anterior canal incomplete).

Remarks. — The above synonymy does not include most of the long lists of works on fossils of

Indonesia and the Philippine Islands cited by BEETS (1941) and ALTENA (1942). These and other authors (eg

Wissema. 1947: 143) have discussed the numerous fossil records of the species from Miocene to Pleistocene rocks

throughout the tropical western Pacific.

Gyrineum bituberculare is distinguishable from other Gyrineum species by reaching a larger size than all

but G. natator (specimens are commonly 35-40 mm high, which is unusually large for G. gyrinum and larger than

any known G. lacunatum. G. longicaudatum , or G. roseum). by its relatively tall, narrow spire and its lom-

antenor canal, and by the coarse sculpture seen in at least some specimens in most samples - early spire whorls

have cancellate sculpture on all specimens, but on many specimens only two or three very prominent axial costae

are present in the last two or three intervariceal intervals. The teleoconch colour is white to medium brown

(thiough many shades of yellowish to pale reddish brown) on all specimens, the aperture is white to off-white, and

in most coarsely sculptured individuals the prominent costae are much darker than the rest of the shell The

protoconch has 2.3-2.4 whorls (Figs 9 e-j).

/p- o Because oi ,ts § real var »ability, Gyrineum bituberculare has received many synonyms. Bursa fiuscocostata

(Figs 8 g, j) is based on a specimen in which the unusually prominent axial costae are very dark brown; this form

is common in Philippine Islands samples. Martin’s holotype of Ranella anjarensis (Fig. 8 f) has been compared

carefully with living species as, although I conclude that it is a particularly finely sculptured specimen of

G. bituberculare , the small size, the fine sculpture, the long anterior canal, and the absence of the spire and

protoconch make it possible this could be an earlier name for either G. hirasei or G. longicaudatum. Martin’s

holotype differs from both similar living species in having 10 axial costae in one intervariceal interval (only 6-7

on G. hirasei and G. longicaudatum), in having narrower varices, and in having a more closely plicate, adherent

inner lip, not raised into a free rim along its outer edge as in G. longicaudatum. Woodward’s (1879: pi. 14,

fig. 7) figure of Ranella? tritonoides (from the Miocene(?) of Sumatra) shows a normal specimen of

. bituberculare , lacking most of the last whorl (I am not aware of the whereabouts of the holotype). Martin

himself (Mariin, 1899: 156) realised that his species Ranella raninoides is a synonym of G. bituberculare. and

in recent years his figured syntype has been catalogued (and, until recently, not marked as a type) among other

K. Martin material of G. bituberculare in rmnh. This species is a common fossil in Miocene to Pleistocene

rocks of Japan, the Philippine Islands. India, and Indonesia, and was recorded by Martin (1919: 130, 141. 146)

fiom three localities in Indonesia (including the record of Ranella anjarensis). Other records by Altena (1942),

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 8. — Gyrineum bituberculare (Lamarck). — a-b nzgs WM13192. Samar. Philippines, x 1.5. — c. nzgs WM13826.

off Davao. Mindanao, Philippines, xl.5. — d. NZGS WM5393, Sri Lanka, xl.5 (specimen closely resembling

Lamarck's (1816: pi. 412, Fig. 6) original Figure of the lectotype of Ranella bitubercularis). — e. h-i. k, the

three syntypes of Ranella cuspidata Reeve, bmnh 1967663, "Capul and Ticao", Philippines, all x2. — f,

hololype of Ranella anjarensis Martin, RMNH 9932, Pleistocene. Bandjar Anjar, Residency of Surabaya, Java,

x2.5. — g. j, holotype of Bursa fuscocostata Dunker, bmnh 1968531, "California" (wrong), x2.5.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 9. Gyrineum bituberculare (Lamarck). — a. d. Iectotype of Ranella raninoides Martin, rmnh 9922, Miocene Tji

Longan, Java, x2.5 — b-c, NZGS WMI3319, off Zamboanga. Philippines, xl.5 (the form known as "Gyrineum

cuspidatum ). e. h-i, NZGS WM14423, Mactan I., Cebu. SEM micrographs of protoconch of cuspidatum form;

e. x45; h x36 (showing 2.3 whorls); i. xI2.5. — f-g. j, NZGS WMI4I02, Mactan I., Cebu. Philippines, SEM

micrographs ol protoconch of typical form of G. bituberculare ; f. x 12; g. x35; j. x30 (showing 2.4 whorls).

Source: MNHN. Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Beets (1941. 1984). Dey (1962), Ladd (1977. 1982), Martin (1884. 1899), Tesch (1920) and Wissema (1947)

are listed in the synonymy. The Japanese fossil nominal species Apollon osawanoensis and A. minoense are very

similar to each other and are certainly synonymous, and it appears likely that they and Ranella karikalensis are

based on rather small, coarsely sculptured specimens of G. bituberculare very close to the living form usually

known as G. cuspidatum , but specimens and illustrations I have seen all show shells that are a little more squat and

solid than most living ones. Comparison of protoconchs could help to clarify this probable synonymy; I have seen

no protoconchs of Japanese fossil specimens.

The status of the form (or species?) known as Gyrineum cuspidatum has troubled me for a long time. The

name is applied to unusually smooth (i.e. with very restrained spiral cords), uniform white to yellowish brown

specimens, with relatively short anterior canals, nearly all from the Philippine Islands. The protoconch is identical

to that of G. bituberculare . Reeve's (1844a: pi. 8, fig. 48) three syntypes are, however, larger and more variable

than the usual concept of this "species" (Figs 8 e, h-i, k) and are best described as rather large, uniform white to

pale yellow specimens of G. bituberculare. The form appears to be based on carefully selected, smoothish. pale,

shallow-water specimens of G. bituberculare with a short anterior canal, and in my opinion there is little doubt that

it is merely part of the variation of G. bituberculare.

Gyrineum bituberculare has a more restricted central western Pacific distribution than the more widespread

G. gyrinum and G. lacunatum , and (for example) only two lots have been seen from northern Australia, although

Hinton (1972) has recorded it from New Guinea. Ii does not occur in southern Japan or in Hawaii, and there tire no

specimens in the present New Caledonian material.

Gyrineum concinnum (Dunker, 1862)

Figs 6 i, 10 a-c, e-h

Bursa concinna Dunker, 1862: 239.

Bursa concinna - Dunker. 1863: 55. pi. 18. figs 3-4.

Ranella concinna - Tapparone-Canefri. 1875a: 45. — Kobelt, 1876a: 51: 1876b: 330.

Gyrineum concinnum - Beu, 1985: 56. — Singer. 1990: 24. 26. fig. 18. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 26. pi. 3, fig. 8.

Ranella pusilla - G.B. Sowerby II. 1835: pi. 84, fig. I. — ?KOBELT. 1876a: 52.

Ranella pusilla. var. - Smith, 1879: 815 (in pan).

Ranella (Argobuccinum) pusilla - Tryon, 1880: 44 (in pan).

Type DATA. — Bursa concinna: 3 syntypes BMNH 1968532. The syntype figured by DUNKER (1863:

pi. 18. figs 3-4) is here designated the lectotype (Figs 10 b, e), from "Red Sea", ex Cuming Colin.

Other material examined. — Red Sea. Madai I.. edge of reef. coll. D. Peled, March 1978 (I nzgs WMI3338). —

Ethiopia. Red Sea. 2-4 m, on coral, coll. D. Peled. May 1973 (3 nzgs Shallow water around Jiddah. Saudi Arabia (I nmp J1830).

WMI3337. Figs 6 i; 2 NMP G5091). — Nabek. Eilat, Red Sea. on

Distribution. — Limited to the Red Sea.

Dimensions. — Bursa concinna (lectotype): H 20.0, D 13.4; paralectotypes: H 21.3, D 13.1; H 17.4. D

10.6. - Madat I.. NMP G5091: H 23.5, D 14.3; H 19.2, D I 1.9, data as G5091. NZGS WM13337: H 19.4, D 12.7;

H 16.8. D 10.7: H 16.1. D 10.2 (specimen in Figs 10 f-g). - Jiddah, NMP J1830: H 19.0. D 12.2. - Nabek, NZGS

WM 13338: H 17.6, D 12.0.

Remarks. — The apparently single species of Gyrineum inhabiting the Red Sea is G. concinnum. This

species closely resembles both G. pusillum and G. lacunatum. It has the consistent, even, cancellate sculpture,

with low. rounded nodules at sculptural intersections, and the very low varices of G. pusillum: the eight specimens

I have seen are consistently granulose and a " cuspidatum " smooth form does not seem to occur. The teleoconch

external colour is consistently weakly banded pale pinkish yellow-brown to moderately dark, dull, red-brown,

with much paler varices banded pale yellow-brown and white, and with a peribasal white band on the last whorl, its

upper edge just visible around the base of spire whorls. The aperture is consistently white. G. concinnum

differs markedly from G. lacunatum , however, in having a protoconch with 2.7 whorls (Figs 10 a, c)

rather than 1.8-2.2 whorls (although that of G. lacunatum rarely has as many as 2.6 whorls; Fig. 14 c). The

uniform pinkish brown to dull red-brown coloration, apart from a white basal band and pale varices, is a colour

pattern not observed in G. lacunatum.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE. BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 10. — Gyrineumcontinuum and G. gyrinum. — a-c, e-h. Gyrineum concinnum (Dunker), Red Sea. a. c, sem

micrographs of protoconch, NZGS WMI3337, Madat I.. Ethiopia: a. x30 (showing ca 2.7 whorls); c. x38. b e

lectotype, bmnh 1968532/1, "Red Sea", ex Cuming Colin, x2.5. f-g, NZGS WM13337. Madat I.. Ethiopia, x2.5.

^68532/2, x2 - 5 - — d- i_ j* Gyrineum gyrinum wilmerianum Preston, all xl.5. d. NZGS

WM13510, Male Atoll, Maidive Islands, i -j. I. NZGS WMI3880, Mauritius, coll. J. Close!, e* E.S. Gourlay

r^°i n ‘ ~ k m 'P' Gyrineum gyrinum gyrinum (Linne). k. o, 2 specimens in one lot. NZGS WMI41 16. Mactan I..

Cebu Philippines, xl.5. m. p. SEM micrographs of protoconch, NZGS WM1426I, Mactan I., Cebu. Philippines*

m x34 (showing 2.2 whorls): p. x38. n, NZGS WMI3916, under coral boulders. Baie Ferme Nord, New Caledonia*

x 1.5.

Source: MNHN. Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Gyrineum gyrinum gyrinum (Linne, 1758)

Figs 10 k. m-p

Murex gyrinus Linne, 1758: 748.

Gyrineum verrucosum Link. 1807: 123.

Biplex variegatci Perry, 1811: pi. 5, fig. 2.

Ranella ranina Lamarck, 1816: pi. 412. figs 2 a-b; "Liste des objets", p. 4

Murex gyrinus - Linne, 1767: 1216. — Gmelin. 1791: 3531. — Dillwyn, 1817: 693 (in pari). — Hanley. 1855: 285.

Ranella gyrinus - Reeve, 1844b: pi. 8. fig. 49. — Fischer. 1860: 358. — KOSTER & Kobelt. 1871: 152, pi. 40. figs 4-6 — Kobelt 1876b

331. — Brazier, 1879: 186.

Ranella gyrina - Schmeltz, 1877: 82. — Martin. 1919: 137. — van der Vlerk, 1931: 241.

Bursa (Apollon) gyrina - Brazier, 1877: 175.

Ranella (Argobuccinum) gyrina - Tryon, 1880: 43, pi. 23. fig. 78.

Ranella (Apollon) gyrinus - TappaRONE-Canefri, 1881: 54.

Ranella (Apollo) gyrina - Martin, 1899: 149, pi. 23, figs 347-347a.

Gyrineum gyrinus - SCHEPMAN, 1907: 182. — ALTENA, 1942: 98.

Gyrineum gyrinum - Schepman. 1909: 114. — Hinton. 1978: 30. fig. 14. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 114. pi. 31, fig 7 — Okutani

1986: 112; 113. lop nghi fig. — Short & Potter. 1987: 48, pi. 23, fig. 4. — Salvat ei ai. 1988: 103, pi. 13, fig. 10. — Lai 1989*

118, figs 8-9. — Wilson, 1993: 241, pi. 40, fig. 6.

Argobuccinum (Gyrineum) gyrinum - BEETS, 1941: 195.

Apollon (Apollon) gyrinus - Wissema, 1947: 144. — Beets, 1983: 29. — SKWARKO& Sufiati, 1994: m2.

Apollon (Apollon) gyrinum - Oyama & TAKEMURA, 1959: Apollon pi. 2. figs 7-8.

Apollon (Apollon) gyrinum robusta - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Apollon pi. 2. figs 9-10.

Apollon gyrinus - Habe, 1961: 45. pi. 22, fig. L— Rippingale & McMichael, 1961: 68, pi. 8. fig. 15. - Habe, 1964- 7| nl ">2 fi«* I —

Habe& Kosuge. 1966a: 42, pi. 15, fig. 4. ’ F ‘ ’ 5 ‘ ’

Gyrineum (Gyrineum) gyrinum gyrinum - Beu, 1985: 56. — HENNING & HEMMEN, 1993: 24. pi. 3. fig 2

Ranella ranina - Lamarck. 1822: 154. - Kiener, 1841: 28, pi. 2, fig. 3. — G.B. Sowerby ii, 1842: pi. 17. fig. 393. — Deshayes, 1843: 549.

Type DATA. — Murex gyrinus : Linne’s collection, housed by the Linnean Society of London, contains two

specimens of Gyrineum gyrinum gyrinum of all subsequent authors, both of which bear in their apertures the

number "528" (the species number of Murex gyrinus in Linne. 1767: 1216). The smaller specimen has had the

inner lip excavated by a "hermit crab" (pagurid). so the larger specimen (H 24.4, D 17.0) is here designated the

lectotype of Murex gyrinus Linne, 1758. The type locality is here designated as Ambon Island (Amboina),

Indonesia. Three further paralectotypes are present in the Linne Collection in the Uppsala University Zoological

Museum (nos. 1625 a-c; Wallin, 1993:75). — Gyrineum verrucosum is identified by its references to "M

gyrinus L." and to Martini & Chemnitz (vol. 4: pi. 128, figs 1233-1234). The reference to Linne is merely a

species name listed in synonymy, and in my opinion this reference does not make Linne's specimens syntypes of

G. verrucosum. Martini & CHEMNITZ'S figures are poorly drawn but show a clearly banded specimen of

Gyrineum gyrinum-, the specimen illustrated must be construed as the holotype of Gyrineum verrucosum.

However, as this specimen is not among the few Martini or Chemnitz specimens that have been recognised today

(not having originated from the Moltke or Spengler collections), another type specimen is required for Gyrineum

verrucosum. Therefore, the specimen designated above as the lectotype of Murex gyrinus. H 24.4, D 17.0. housed

by the Linnean Society of London, is here designated also the neotype of Gyrineum verrucosum. — Biplex

variegatci : Ihe specimen designated above as the lectotype of Murex gyrinus is here designated also the neotype of

Biplex variegatci. — Ranella ranina: Lamarck's collection in Geneva contains a single lot (MHNG 1098/88) of three

specimens identified as syntypes, all of which are typical specimens of Gyrineum gyrinum gyrinum. As the

drawing published by Lamarck (1816: pi. 412. figs 2 a-b) shows too short a spire for this species, none of the

specimens match the drawing particularly well, but the largest of the three is the widest and so matches more nearly

than the others and is here designated the lectotype (MHNG 1098/88/1, H 29.1, D 20.0).

New Caledonia records. — lagon: sia. 3, 16. 20, 25. 28

30, 32. 57. 58. 68. 69, 73, 85, 89, 92. 107. 112. 113. 119. 131 143'

146. 147. 150. 155, 161. 201, 226, 232, 233, 247. 249. 250. 251 270

272.275.276,279, 285,286. 289, 301.542. 614. 625. 636, 641. 656

657. 662, 669. 686, 723, 726, 728. 731.737. 759, 771, 788. 801 808

814,828,834.837.840.851,876.905.910.915,921.923 937 940*

951.957.958, 966. 967, 975, 977. 978. 979, 980. 983, 1001. I02o'

1023, 1046. 1069, 1145. — Banc Gail. Lagon SW de Noumea, 27 m.

— expedition montrouzier: sta. 1237. 1241. 1242, 1245, 1252

1256, 1259. 1260. 1266, 1270. 1277, 1278. 1279. 1282, 1283. 1284*

1286, 1287, 1289. 1290. 1291. 1292, 1296. 1297. 1298, 1299, 1301

sla 1302. 1308, 1310, 1312. 1314, 1315. 1318. 1322. — lagon de

Noumea: sta. 1350, 1355. 1356. — bathus I: sta. DW692. DW1234

DW1235. DWI236.

The depth range in these 137 stations is intertidal to 68 m

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

a— , he ,r fl ^ p * ci r ,c fa,, “' provi "“ ft ” »■*»> <» »«h as «,«

(kay, / J). Replaced in the Indian Ocean by the following subspecies.

D :5J ,Mw R “ f ' s ™ -* Q-—i * - 5. MS

Remarks. — Although this subspecies is not as common a fossil in the tropical western Pacific as is

Gynneum buuberculare , numerous references to its fossil occurrence, listed by Beets (1941) and Altena ( 1942 )

have been omitted above as I do not have access to the original references'or specimens. Martin (1919- 137)

recorded it from the Miocene of Ngembak, Java.

Gynneum gyrinum gyrinum is a common and widespread western Pacific intertidal to shallow subtidal

form represented by huge collections of samples in all major museums. It is represented in 137 stations from New

Caledonia; all except one are from around New Caledonia itself. The subspecies is easily recognised by its large

size (commonly reaching 30 mm high, and rare specimens up to 50 mm), its squat shape, its short anterior canal,

its coarse sculpture with additional fine sculpture of low. narrow, closely spaced, axial costellae crossing all other

sculpture, and its broad dark brown, bright yellow and white colour bands. The shell bears alternating, equally wide

dark brown and bright yellow-on-wh.te bands, six on the spire and six on the last whorl. The sutural ramp is white

with two rows of yellow nodules and yellow bands on the varices; below this is a strongly contrasting dark brown

band around two rows of nodules, and half of the anterior interspace below them, forming a particularly marked

brown band on the varices; below this is a single row of yellow nodules on a white ground on spire whorls, and on

the last whorl a wide white band and two rows of yellow nodules, again producing a bright yellow band on the

varices; below this again, a penbasal brown band over two rows of nodules and a brown anterior canal tip ore

separated by a white band bearing two or three rows of yellow to pale brown nodules. All colours are enhanced on

costae and varices of most specimens, producing an obscure axial banding that crosses the more obvious spiral

pattern. In life, the pattern is hidden beneath a thin, straw-yellow periostracum that bears closely spaced rows of

closely spaced bristles, one row along the crest of each narrow, closely spaced teleoconch axial costella: the bristles

ju-e ca mm long over most of the shell, but ca 3 mm long over the varices and prominent axial costae. The

bristles trap much mud, and effectively disguise the shell (specimens observed alive in lunular hollows of Tridacna

gigcis. at Orpheus I.. Queensland). The coloration is described in detail because it provides the sole separating

character of the Indian Ocean subspecies G. gyrinum wilmerianum (below). The protoconch has 2.2 whorls

(Figs 10 m, p).

G. gyrinum has been recognised with little difficulty since Linne's time, and so has received no synonyms

other than the obligatory renaming in the individual "systems" of a few early authors.

Gyrineum gyrinum wilmerianum Preston. 1908

Figs 10 d, i-j, I

Gyrineum wilmeriana Preston, 1908: 195. pi. 15, fig. 37.

Gyrineum (Gyrineum) gyrinum wilmerianum - Beu, 1985: 56. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993- ^ n| 3 fig 3

IRanella pusilla - Smith, 1879: 815. ’ '

1 Gyrineum gyrinum - Drivas & Jay, 1988: 64.

Type data. — Preston (1908: 194) stated that the types of all species described in his paper are in the

Indian Museum, Calcutta; not seen. The type locality is "Andaman Islands", collected by Colonel L.W. Wilmer.

Other material examined. — Indian Ocean. Male Atoll,

Maidive Islands, 6-8 m on sand (1 nzgs WM13510. Fig. 10 d). —

Tnncomalee, Sri Lanka, exi.R. Penniket Colin (1 nzgs WMI5527).

— Mauritius, coll. J. Closel. ex E.S. Gourlay Colin (17 nzgs

WM13880. Figs 10 i-j. I). — Maidive Islands (I nmp H7533).

ALAN G. BEU

DISTRIBUTION. — Indian Ocean, type locality Andaman Islands; seen only from Sri Lanka, the Maidive

Islands, and Mauritius, hut presumably occurring also in southern India and along the East African coast. Poorly

known.

Dimensions. — Preston (1908: 195) stated the dimensions of the holotype to be H 28.5. D 20.5. - Male

Atoll. NZGS WM13510: H 27.9. D 20.4. - Trincomalee. NZGS WM15527: H 30.8, D 21.7. - Mauritius, NZGS

WM13880: H 31.3, D 21.0; H 30.0. D 18.6. - Maidive Islands. NMP H7533: H 35.0, D 24.3.

Remarks. — I have not seen the type material of Gyrineum wilmeriana , or any other material from the

type locality (Andaman Islands), but Preston's figure, specimens from the Maidive Islands and many from

Mauritius represent a form that is very similar to G. gyrinum. Specimens with yellow coloration on the nodules

and varices of the pale bands are rare (the only one I am aware of is that illustrated by Drivas & Jay, 1988: 64)

and in all other Indian Ocean specimens I have seen the dark brown is more limited to nodules and varices, fading

out over some of the surface between, and is less markedly limited to spiral bands than in C. gyrinum gyrinum, so

that some is present over much of the basal half of most specimens. The result is a much less regular, scattered

brown and white maculation, rather than clear bands. However, these specimens also differ from western Pacific G.

gyrinum is having a protoconch of only 2.0 whorls. The specimen from Reunion or Mauritius figured by Drivas

& Jay (1988: 64) agrees in all respects with western Pacific specimens of G. gyrinum, so the possibility deserves

investigation that G. wilmerianum is a distinct Indian Ocean species, and that G. gyrinum occurs rarely with it in

the Indian Ocean. At present it seems more likely that this only subtly distinct form is (at most) a geographic

subspecies of G. gyrinum.

Gyrineum hirasei (Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961)

Figs 11 a-j, 12 a-j

Biplex hirasei Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: 45, pi. 22, fig. 5; appendix p. 16.

Hiplex hirasei Kuroda (MS) - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Apollon pi. I, fig. I, 2 (nomen nudum). — Habe, 1964* 71 n| 22 fi<» 5 _

Matsumoto. 1979: 38. pi. 8. fig. 4. v ' ’ 6 ' '

Apollon hirasei Kuroda (MS) - Azuma. i960: 30. pi. 3. fig. 2 (nomen nudum).

Gyrinum hirasei - Beu, 1985: 56. — Okutani, 1986: 112. 113. 2nd lo top fig.. left column. — Henninc. & Hemmen, 1993: 27, pi. 33 fig 7

Ranella hirasei - Tsuchida & Kurozumi. 1996: 38. fig. 7.2.

Type data. — Holotype NSMT 53486 (Figs 11 b, f) and 1 paratype NSMT 53487. both from off Cape

Ashizuri. Tosa Bay, Shikoku, A. Teramachi Colin.

New Caledonia records. — Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6:

sta. 391. 397 (Figs 12 f-j). Local depth range 380-390 m.

Other material examined. — Japan. South China Sea (4

nsmt 63866). — Izu Islands. 80 m, ex Kawamura Colin (1 nsmt;

Figs 11 c. g). — Japan, labelled in Japanese, 2 lots e* Kawamura

Colin (5 NSMT). — Off Wakayama Pref.. Honshu. 190 m (2 nsmt

63866). — South China Sea (1 nsmt 45559). — Tosa Bay. Kochi

Pref.. Shikoku, trawled (I nsmt 48933: Fig. He). — "Soyo Mam "

sta. 211. off Wakayama Pref.. Honshu. 190 m (1 NSMT).— South

China Sea. ex nsmt 46233 (2 nzgs WM 14878; Figs 12 a-c).

Philippine Islands. Panglao. Bohol I. (I nzgs WMI4963). —

Philippine Islands. M. Marrow Colin (3).

Indonesia. NO. "Baruna Jay a l". cruise karubar, off the Tanimbar

and Kai Islands, eastern Indonesia, coll. Bouchet. Kastoro &

Metivier. all in mnhn: sta. DWI8, 05° 18' S. 133°0T E. 205-212 m, 24

Oct. 1991 (4). — Sta. DW29. 05°36’ S. I32°56’ E. 181-184 m. 26

Oct. 1991 (1). — Sta. DW30. 05°39' E. I32°56' E. 118-111 m. 26

Oct. 1991 (I). — Sta. DW50. 07°59' S. I33°02’ E, 184-186 m, 29

Oct. 1991 (2 Iv).

South Africa. Off Sodwana Bay. Zululand. 100 m. coll. A. Connell.

14 Nov. 1979 (1 nmp B3448). — Off Richards Bay. Zululand.

29°02.3‘ S, 32°10.1' E. coll. A. Connell. 8 May 1985 (1 NMP DI534;

Figs 11 h-i). — Natal, dredged off Park Rvnie. 150 m, coll. R.

Kilburn. 5 March 1981 (1 nmp B3929; Figs II a. d). — Natal,

dredged off Park Rynie. 100-1 10 m. coll. R. Kilburn. 4 March 1981

(I nmp B3933). — R.V. "Meiring Naude", off Park Rvnie. Natal,

30°23.2' S 30°50.8' E, 140 m. 19 Aug. 1981 (2 nmpC1598). — R.V.

"Meiring Naude", off Port Edwards. Natal. 3I°06.8‘ S. 30° 17.8' E.

120-125 m. 8 July 1985 (I nmp DI384). — R.V. "Meiring Naude",

off Port Grosvenor, Transkei. 39°57.9' S, 3I°25.9' E. 120-128 m,

Aug. 1981 (I nmp Cl 175). — R.V. "Meiring Naude", off Mtamvuna

River, Transkei. 3I°05.0’ S, 30°19.T E. 100 m. 15 June 1983 (I nmp

C5455; Figs II j. 12 d-e). — R.V. "Meiring Naude", between

Mtamvuna and Mzamba Rivers. Transkei. 31°05.6’ S. 30° 18.6' E.

100 m. 15 June 1983 (1 nmpC5416).

Distribution. — Specimens of G. hirasei are known from a depth range of 80-390 m, from Japan (as far

north as Okino-Yama Bank, off Boso Peninsula. Honshu; Tsuchida & Kurozumi, 1996), the Philippine Islands,

eastern Indonesia, New Caledonia and South Africa. In South Africa, it has been collected from west of the

Mtamvuna River (to about 30' 18' E) eastwards at least to Sodwana Bay, near the Mozambique border (implying

that it occurs further north in the western Indian Ocean). These records indicate a range encompassing the Indian

Ocean and the western Pacific archipelagoes.

Source . MNHN, Paris

RANEI.LIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig.

' T, ^ ur ° il & r H J b f “ Hlbe) - ~ a ' d ' largest seen. NMP B3929, dredged, 150 m, off Park Rynie.

fSnri? S h ,° ° ly , pe \ N SMT 53486, off Cape Ashizuri. Shikoku. Japan. x2. - c. g, nsmt

h t mx,p n,f , ,J0 , l -I Z o I u an J dS n Japan - x2 - — e - nsmt 48933, trawled. Tosa Bay. Shikoku, Japan. x2.

oKLfsotSS ’ ay - z " M " n4 So “ ,h x2 - 1 SEM »*

Source: MNHN. Paris

ALAN G. BEU

FlG ' ,2 ‘ (Kiiroda & Habe in Habe), SEM micrographs. — a-c, NZGS WMI4878, dredged. South China

^dmwinp 3 ^! ?^? ,W h 18 >^ 2,2 ^ hor ^) ; b - *36; c. xIO. - d-e. NMP C5455, same specimen as Fig. 11 j; d x36

ssnsssfs j™ 6: “• dw3 ‘’ 7 ' Loy " ,y Ruee - Ne » c<m ”“ w* f. h.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Dimensions. Holotype: H 29.0, D 16.7; paratype: H 25 7 D 143 - Tos'i R w nqmt aro??. u ti o

s s n 7 5; N s^ h 2 rA?% z D ^! a r- nmp d 1534: h d ilVr;

(although a single South African specimen I have examined is as large as an average-sized G. biluberculare) iis

s raijit spire outlines, its still taller spire, its very consistent fine, cancellate sculpture, and its completely

and basa" bands"snedmens' TT ‘° br ‘ gh ' y f. low -° ran 8 e colour with vaguely defined white subsutural

and basal bands. Specimens dredged alive have a thick, slightly felted to densely bristled, pale brown periostracum

STit lacU h re w d e T° nC1 ' Th ^ pr °t° con t-h has 2.2 whorls. Although G. hirasei was described as a species of

Bp ' !i. ldcks lhc w ' dely extendcd v ances of Biplex and appears to be most similar to Gyrineum bituberculare

Nadi H?n3"T?r R been ^ C r d u ed,P " Vi 0 USl rr' y ! r0m Japan (' uncommon at about 100 m depth from Enshu

Nada Honshu to Tosa Bay Shikoku ; Habe, 1964: 71) but I have seen a few specimens from the Philippine

slands (most specimens so identified from the Philippine Islands have proved, however, lo be G. longicaudatlm)

f t V Z i m reC ° ? t dlS,n ? U,, °"’ '* V3 , S ° f SOme sur P rise 10 rece ' ve nine lots from South Africa on loan from

the Natal Museum, and to realise that G. hi rase, is the most common species of Gyrineum in dredgings off South

Africa. Four lots are also present m MNHN collections from off the Tanimbar and Kai Islands in eastern Indonesia

and two juvenile specimens are present in collections from the Loyalty Ridge. New Caledonia, so this species

probably occurs widely in the Indo-West Pacific in about 100-400 m of water. Protoconchs of South China Sea and

South African specimens have 2.2 whorls (Figs 12 a, d) whereas a Loyalty Ridge specimen has 1.9 whorls (Fig.

Gyrineum lacunatum (Mighels. 1845)

Figs 6 j-k, 13 a-o, 14 a-h

Triton lacunatum Mighels. 1845: 24.

Ranella sagitta Kiister in Kiister & Kobelt, 1871: 147. pi. 38 a. fig. 6 .

Ranella chemnitzii Kiister in Kiister & Kobelt. 1871: 148. pi. 39, figs 3-4.

Ranella polychloros Tapparone-Canefri, 1875a: 1028.

Ranella junghuhni Martin, 1879: 54, pi. 10 . fig. 2 .

Apollon facetus Iredale, 1936: 309. pi. 24. fig. 3.

Apollon deliberatus Iredale, 1936: 310, pi. 24. fig. 4.

Apollon pusillis cuspidataeformis Kira, 1956: 122, fig. 2.

Pease. 1868: 107. —

Triton lacunatum - Johnson. 1949: 226.

Gyrineum lacunatum - Wilson, 1993: 241. pi. 40. figs 8 a-c.

Ranella sagitta - Kobelt, 1876b: 330.

Ranella chemnitzii - Kobelt. 1876b: 331.

Wursa (Apollon) garretti - Semper. 1874: 139 (nomen nudum).

1 Ranella garretti - SCHMELTZ, 1877: 82.

Ranella junghuhni - MARTIN, 1899: 150. — van der Vlerk. 1931:241.

Gyrineum (Gyrineum)junghuhni - Altena. 1942: 98. — Skwarko& Sufiati. 1994- ml4

Apollon facetus - Rippingale& McMichael. 1961: 68, pi. 7. fig. 16.

Ranella pusilla - Reeve 1844b: pi. 8, figs 44a-b. — Krauss. 1848: i 13. — Forbes, 1852: 365. — Fischer. I860- 357

Angas. 1871: 88. — Kobelt. 1876b: 330. — Schmeltz. 1877: 82.

Tntonium pusillum - Langkavel. 1871: 4. — Martens & Lanc.kavel, 1871 ■ 4

Bursa (Apollon) pusilla - Brazier. 1877: 175 (noi Ranella pusilla Broderip. 1833)

Ranella (Argohuccinum) pusilla - Tryon, 1880: 44, pi. 24. figs 56-58. 66. — Watson. 1886: 402

Ranella (Apollon) pusilla - Tapparone-Caneeri. 1881: 55. — Melvill& Standen. 1895- 110

Gyrineum (Apollon) pusillum - Melviu.& Standen. 1899: 164.

Gyrineum pusillum - Hedley. 1907: 483. — Schepman, 1909: 115. — Hedley. 1918b: M67. — Yen. 1942: 214. — Kay 1979- 226 fies 79 p-

P - l 7 ' f ! g ‘ 9 ‘ — <? EU - ,985: 56> ~ Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 114. pi. 31*. fig. 10. —

Okutani. 1986. 1.12, 113. third fig. in right column. — Short & Poiter. 1987: 48. pi. 23. fig. 7. — Drivas & Jay 1988- 66 fi«* —

^995*95?fig 348 § ' l03 * P ' ‘ 3 ' f ‘ g ' 11 ~ Lak l989: 118 ' f, S s l0 " 1 ~ Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 29. pi. 4. fig. 2. — Bosch et aL

Apollon pusillus - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Apollon pi. 2. figs 1-2. — Habe, 1961: 45, pi. 22. fig. 3- 1964- 71 pi 2^ fi* 3

Apollon (Gyrmella)pusillus - Habe& Kosuge, 1966a: 42, pi. 15. fig. 8.

Apotlon pusillis cuspidataeformis - Matsumoto. 1979: 38, pi. 8. fig. 2. — Oyama & Takemura. 1959: Apollon pi. 2. figs 3-4.

uyrineum (Gyrineum) pusillum var. cuspidataeformis - Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 29, pi. 4, fig, 3.

ALAN G. BEU

Source: MNHN, Pahs

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE

OF NEW CALEDONIA

RanelJZ^sJ^^l^^l ^ *

Ranella pusilla (BMNH 1986096/2-6), from "Philippine Islands". « Cuming IS

materm! no. seen presumably m Museo Civico di S.oria Naturale "Giacomo Doria" in Genova I,a y tS

Wokan, Aru Islands, southeastern Indonesia, coll. Beccari (Tapparone-Canfkri ism- imst

ghuhni: holotype RMNH 993, (Figs 13 f-g), from Junghuhns

t^ S d) at A nzgs^ syntypc) ams CGOGS 2 (Fig. 13 e), with 65 paralecto.ypes: 62 AMS

bv M w , | f T ln- l'lP 4 T f a " , dr f lged 15 m - off Lindeman I.. Whitsunday Passage. Queensland,

South Jm V "TAtnt"' A ;° ,yPC Af 1 S C6 ° 681 (F, §- 13 * d^ged. Sydney Harbour, New

from , smalMsl P , VfT'N h ' P^lluscusp.dataeformis : type not seen, stated by Kira (1956) to be

from a small islet off Nagashima, Mie Prefecture, Kn Peninsula. Japan, "littoral, with A. pusillus".

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: sta

035. — corail 2: sta. DW4. DW9. DW79.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 10. 17, 46. 63. 68. 69, 72 79 84 92

110 bis, HI. 112, 116. 120. 123, 127 (Fig. 6 k ). 129. 133. 146, W

151. 152 (Fig. 6 j), 180, 181.229, 243, 244, 247, 248. 249 251 ->S9'

260, 264. 301,312, 319, 320, 322, 324, 327, 328, 356, 357. 359. 368’

374. 375, 384, 384 bis, 398, 400, 403. 405, 409. 433, 440 bis 443

452. 455, 477. 478. 481,483, 484. 489. 522, 529. 535. 542 545* 558'

560, 569, 570. 581. 597B. 598. 599, 600. 601, 602, 603. 604.’ 606*

619,623,633,648.675.676.682,698,710,712.713,723. 726 747

749. 765, 769, 771,781.807, 808. 814, 815. 820. 830. 836, 840. 85s’

864, 867, 885, 886, 899, 900, 911. 980. 983, 994. 1011. 1026 10^*7

1030, 1040, 1069. 1105,1123. 1126, 1134. 1139. 1140. 1154! 1156!

1158, 1168, 1174, 1193, 1196. — expedition montrouzier: sta

1242,1259. 1260. 1261, 1299. 1306. 1308. 1310. 1311, 1312. 1314.

1315. 1316, 1318, 1319. 1321. 1322. 1323. 1333. - lacon or.

Noumea: sta. 1352, 1354. 1355. 1356. - Banc Gail, Lagon SW de

DW1233 DWP35~ BA ™ US l: sla ‘ DW678 - CP680. DW692.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. CP148, DW 149.

D W 187.

N ° r ^™ ldge * " Vauban " 1978-1979: sta. 10. 48. — musorstom 4:

sta. DW204. — chalcal 2: sta. DW80. — smib 8: sta. DW186 —

BATHUS 2: sta. DW714.

The depth range in these 186 samples is intertidal to 210 m. but most

were taken in 20-50 m. and few over 80 m.

MATERJAL examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CP96I.20 18'S. 169°50* E. 100-110 m(l). —Sta. DWI021 17*43'

S, 168°37’ E. 124-130 m (1).

i a u/ DlS n RIB f UT r° N ' T Th£ dlstrlbu,lon of Gyrineum lacunatum almost coincides with the limits of the tropical

Indo-West Pacific faunal province, i.e. it occurs throughout the Indian and western Pacific Oceans (but not in the

Afri,.wll mlss ' m 3 the , s,milar G - co ^num). ln the Indian 0cean - 11 ran g es from Port Alfred. South

Africa (NMP D-188, 19 other lots from South Atnca and Mozambique examined on loan from Natal Museum)

through the oceanic islands (Mauritius and Reunion; Drivas & Jay. 1988: 66; also material examined in mnhn

and NZGS), along the entire East African coast, to Oman (NZGS WM13167, Masirah I., pres. E & D Bosch) then

SSX t °,S? a ;. ( 7 KA ^'S 226) ( J° ah , U " [bUt Pr ° bably really fr0m Kauai| - locali, y of Triion lacuna,unr.

,° HNS0N ’ , 9: 217 ■ 226) ' The southern limit seems to be near Sydney. New South Wales (Sydney Harbour

J" 10 ' 1 1 edgings, Captain Comtesse, holotype of Apollon facetus, + one other specimen in AMS; Botany Heads

New South Wales, e* Hargreaves Colin (1 ams C147607); Cape Banks. New South Wales, i.e. Kurnell headland*

Y Botany Bay, 1 ams); a single specimen has been seen from Lord Howe Island, southwest Pacific (ams C59464)

and. of course, taken abundantly around New Caledonia. The northern limit in Japan is the Izu Peninsula, Honshu

(Habe, 1964. 71).

Dimensions. — See Table 2.

REMARKS. — As noted below, BroDERIP’s (1833a) type specimens of Gyrineum pusillum are a white

species of Gynneum with a distinctive protoconch of only 0.8 whorls. They ’are not conspecific with the

multicoloured, variably sculptured species with a protoconch of 1.8-2.2 whorls that has borne this name since the

highly influential works of G.B. Sowerby II (1835-1836) and Reeve (1844b) incorrectly illustrated G. lacunatum

under the name Ranella pusilla. As BRODERIP (1833a: 194) clearly described Ranella pusilla as "alba", the approach

taken here has been to designate one of Broderips undoubted white syntypes as the lectotype of Ranella pusilla , and

adopt the next available name for the multicoloured species more usually known by this name, in preference to

applying Brodenp’s name to one of his more doubtfully associated syntypes(?) and proposing a new species name

tor the white species.

The next available name for Gyrineum pusillum of most authors is Triton lacunatum. JOHNSON (1949)

reviewed the publications and existing type specimens of J.W. MiGHELS. and was unable to record any remaining

original material ot Triton lacunatum. MiGHELS' (1845: 24) description states "varices extending on both sides

fiom the apex to the base; "aperture ... stained with purple", and so there is no doubt that this name applies to the

species usually known as G. pusillum. A neotype is designated here for Triton lacunatum : the specimen figured by

REEVE (1844b: pi. 8, fig. 44 a) as Ranella pusilla , and until recently labelled in BMNH as a possible syntype of

Ranella pusilla. This specimen recently has been recatalogued as BMNH 1986096/1.

ALAN G. BEU

Table 2. — Dimensions (in mm) of Gyrineum lacunatum (Mighels).

Locality etc.

Neotypc, BMNH 1986096/1

"syntypes" of Ranella pusilla BMNH 1986096/2-6

Holotype of Ranella junghuhni

Holotypc of Apollon facet us

Lectotype of Apollon deliberate

Paralectotypes of Apollon deliberate' AMS Cl 16449

Rockhampton. Queensland. NZGS WM 15531

Mauritius, NZGS WMI3883

Kelso Beach. Natal. S. Africa, nmp B2639

Durban. South Africa, Burnup Colin, nmp 193

Mzamba Beach. Transkei. S. Africa, nmp B4491

H D

20.9

14.2

17.6

1 1.6

23.6

14.8

19.9

13.0

16.9

12.5

13.9

8.4

15.6

1 1.8

18.7

13.6

19.3

13.3

23.4

15.3

24.5

15.4

24.0

15.6

24.5

15.0

27.6

17.6

24.8

16.9

22.9

14.7

22.5

15.0

21.5

15.2

21.7

15.1

21.6

14.3

h c Gyrine “ m lacunalunl is Ihe most widespread, most common, and most variable species of Gyrineum and

New r r ,‘i C T Ved many Syn0 " ymS - " ! S als ° lhe most common of lh e shallow-water tonnoideans studied here in the

™ f reg r u CC T ing in 186 SamplGS - While 1111 s Pecimens are united by their small si'e (,'uelv

exceedmg _0 mm m height) their turbimform protoconch of 1.8 to (more usually) 2.2 whorls (Fms 14 h f) (bin

-anging to as many as 2.6 whorls; Fig. 14 c), their strongly cancellate sculpture on early spire whSs their short

rapidly contracted las, whorl and short anterior canal, and their pale pinkish lilac to deep videt ape^re ^he

hav! P even' ! nlervals , lhe last lwo whorls the coloration are extremely variable All specimens

have even, cancellate sculpture on the early spire whorls, but as the shell grows the sculpture can either remain

coarsely cancellate. or the axial costae can fuse together into larger ridges, or become Tow ™d weak

• ding out altogether on the last one or two intervariceal intervals of some specimens. The spiral sculpture varies in

he same way. on some specimens independently of the axial sculpture or, on others, concomitantly with it In

°" Whldl ,he SCU 'P' ure becomes subdued over the last few intervariceal spaces the cdour pattem

also fades out. so .he extenor is uniform white. The end result in many samples (e * the many aree collec.im Tf

H |\ mm ’r- l i at many museums have Suited fro^CLpCwater shel

. ... ' m been named Apollon deliberate by Iredale (1936: 310) [redale’s tvne lot of A

mssmsm i

Source: MNHN.

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE

OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 14. — Gyrineum lacunatum (Mighels), SEM micrographs,

a. x37; c. x34 (showing ca 2.6 whorls); d. xlO. — b,

e); b. x49; e. x!4; h. x37 (showing ca 2.2 whorls). —

x38 (showing ca 2.0 whorls); g. x!3.

— a. c-d. NZGS WM13183, Mactan I., Cebu, Philippines,

e. h. lectolype of Apollon deliberate Iredale (see Fig. I 3

f-g, holotype of Apollon facetus Iredale (see Fig. 13 i); f.

Source: MNHN. Paris

ALAN G. BEU

G. lacunatum . Ranella sagitta is illustrated by a poorly drawn and coloured figure that could have been intended to

show either G. lacunatum or G. concinnum ; it makes little difference which, as both are earlier names than R.

sagitta. Ranella chemnitzii is illustrated by a poor figure that is almost unrecognisable, even to genus; the

description includes a reference to the figure by Chemmitz (1795, vol. 11, pi. 193, figs 1860-1861), which is an

indeterminate figure that could represent either a Gyrineum species such as G. bituberculare, or a Cymatium species

such as C. nicobaricum. To clarify the application of the names Ranella sagitta and Ranella chemnitzii . both of

Kiister in KUSTER & KOBELT (1871), the specimen here designated as the neotype of Triton lacunatum (BMNH

1986096/1) is also here designated the neotype of both Ranella sagitta and R. chemnitzii - The holotype of Ranella

junghuhni is an evenly cancellate but quite severely abraded specimen of G. lacunatum (Figs 13 f-g), evidently

picked up in a stream rather than removed from an outcrop. The type material of Apollon pusillus cuspidataeforrnis

has not been seen, but Kira's description and figure leave no doubt that he was describing the near-smooth variant

of G. lacunatum.

The confusion over the application of the name Ranella pusilla results from the collection of specimens in

BMNH treated as syntypes of R. pusilla. This lot, until recently all catalogued together as BMNH 1984256, consists

of nine specimens, three white with a protoconch of 0.8 whorls, the other six multicoloured and with a protoconch

of 2.2 whorls. BRODERIP's (1833a: 194) description merely states "Ran. fella] testa pyramidali, alba, granulosa.

long. 8/12, lat. 5/12 poll. Hab. in Oceano Pacifico (Lord Hood’s Island). Found on the reefs". It is therefore, clear

that the three white syntypes, from Lord Hood's Island (South Marutea L, Tuamotu Islands; Dance, 1966: 148),

are the only original syntypes, and the other six (from the Philippine Islands) must have been added after Broderip

described the species. Therefore, the six coloured specimens are not syntypes. The coloured specimens include the

two illustrated by Reeve (1844a: pi. 8, figs 44 a-b): the original of Reeve's pi. 8, fig. 44 a (now BMNH

1986096/1) is a fresh, sharply cancellate, brightly coloured specimen, 17.6 mm high and 11.6 mm wide, here

designated the neotype of Triton lacunatum , of Ranella sagitta, and of Ranella chemnitzii ; the original of Reeve's

pi. 8, fig. 44 b is a larger but rather corroded specimen, retaining a purple aperture, 20.9 mm high and 14.2 mm

wide. Reeve (1844a: caption to pi. 8. fig. 44) commented that the shells "found by Mr Cuming at Lord Hood's

Island in the Pacific are pale and discoloured", and no-one seems previously to have noticed that the specimens in

this lot belong in two species. The least corroded of Broderip's undoubted (white) syntypes of Ranella pusilla , the

only one with a fresh protoconch (BMNH 1984256/1), is here designated the lectotype of Ranella pusilla ; the other

two paralectotypes are BMNH 1984256/2-3.

Gyrineum longicaudatum sp. nov.

Figs 6 e-g, 15 a-1

Gyrineum cuspidalum - Hinton. 1978: 30, fig. 15.

Gyrineum n.sp. - Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 30, pi. 4, fig. 4.

Type data. — Holotype mnhn (ex NZGS WM15041, Fig. 6 e), 17 paratypes nzgs WM15041, a single

paratype in AMNH 226539, ANSP 399243, AMS C202740, BMNH 1996034, LACM T2789, NMNZ M272485, USNM

880222 and nmp L2063, off Tudela, Pacijan I., between Leyte & Cebu, Philippine Islands (124°35' E, 10°40' N),

dredged 400 m, F.J. Springsteen on local fishing boat, 29 Oct. 1987.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta.

375. — chalcal I : sta. D9 (Figs 15 b, d), D11, D41, D47 (Figs 15 f,

i. k-l). D52. — corail 2: sta. DW1. DW4. DW9, DW19, DW21,

CP24. DW60.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 317, 319, 326, 331, 332, 350, 352, 357,

370, 374. 378 (Fig. 6 g). 382, 384, 384 bis. 386, 387, 397. 580. 598.

603,604. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1321, 1322. — bathus 1:

sta. DW639, DW653.

North of New Caledonia, bathus 4: sta. DW932.

Norfolk Ridge. "Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 40. — musorstom 4: sta.

DW203. — smib 5: sta. DW8I. DW82. — smib 8: sta. DW154,

DW159, 170-172. — bathus 2: sta. DW714. DW717.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW462.

Other material examined. — Philippines. Punta Engano,

Mactan I.. Cebu, pres. F.J. Springsteen (2 nzgs WM 14966). — Off

Panglao Peninsula. Bohol. 150 m (2 nzgs WM 14962; Fig. 6 0- —

Off Balicasag I., Bohol, 200-300 m (2 NZGS WM 14070 + 1 returned

to Abbey Specimen Shells, Santa Barbara; Figs 15 g-h. j). —

Philippine Islands, local fishermen, in A.R. Arthur Colin (2; Figs 15

a, c, e). — Off Manila, fishing boats, A.R. Arthur Colin (1). —

Between Bohol and Cebu, 50-150 m, from local fishermen, 1987 (4

mnhn). — Pamilacan I., Bohol, 9°30’ N, 123°55' E, tangle nets in 90-

145 m (1 AMS C160398). — Off Cebu, bottom nets, 140-180 m,

Whitehead Colin (2). — Off Bohol, tangle nets. Whitehead Colin

( 1 ).

Indonesia. N.O. "Baruna Jaya / ".cruise karubar. off the Tanimbar

and Kai Islands, eastern Indonesia, coll. Bouchet. Kastoro &

M&ivier: sta. DW22. 05°22’ S. 133°Or E, 124-85 m, 25 Oct. 1991

(2). — Sta. DW30, 05°39’ S, I32°56' H. 118-111 m, 26 Oct. 1991 (1).

(all in mnhn).

Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta. DW976. 19°25' S. 169°27* E. 160-182 m

(1). — Sta. DW1021. 17°43' S. I68°3T E. 124-130 m (2). — Sta.

CP 1071. 15°37'S. 167° 16' E. 180-191 m (1). — Sta. DW 1105, 15°03’

S. 167°07' E, 154-179 m (2).

The depth range in these 65 samples (including the holotype lot) is

45 to 400 m; most New Caledonian and Coral Sea samples are from

depths of 60 to 200 m.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Distribution. — The above-listed samples, almost all from either the Philippine Islands or New

Caledonia, the Loyalty Ridge, and ihe Coral Sea, reflect sampling intensity in these two areas; the Indonesian and

Vanuatu records demonstrate that Gyrineum longicaudatum occurs throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes

between these extremes. The only previous records are by Hinton (1978: 30. fig. 15) who illustrated a specimen,

presumably from New Guinea (no Australian specimens are present in Australian museums), under the name G.

cuspidatum; and HENNING & HEMMEN (1993: 30, pi. 4, fig. 4) who illustrated a specimen from the Philippine

Islands.

Description. — Small for genus (few specimens exceed 23 mm in height), with moderately tall spire and

long, narrow, narrowly open anterior canal curved weakly to right. Varices fused into ridge up each side of

teleoconch. thick, wider than in all other species of Gyrineum. Sculpture of early spire whorls consisting of

cancellate narrow axial costae and narrow spiral cords, 7-9 costae (8 on most) in each intervaricea! interval and 3

cords per whorl on most specimens, forming small rounded nodules at intersections; number of axial costae per

intervariceal interval decreasing and their coarseness and spacing increasing down teleoconch, 7-8 costae remaining

on a few evenly cancellate specimens but reduced to 4 or 5 costae on most (including holotype).

Aperture small, subcircular, with thin, almost continuous, protruding margining rim broken only by

anterior canal; 7 rather long ridges inside outer lip, upper one or two bifid in some specimens; inner lip wiih free

up-standing left margin or collar, and with 1-2 prominent ridges at top (adapical) end, 4-5 coarse ridges on base of

columella and. in most specimens, a row of low nodules (spiral cords of previous whorl protruding through callus)

along outer margin between other iwo areas of ridges. A few specimens pale brown, with darker varices banded

white on spiral cords; most (including holotype) banded bright red-brown and white on spire and adapical half of

last whorl, base white except for narrow, faint brown interspaces on neck and brown interspaces on varices; many

specimens with pale blue or mauve wash on white areas. Aperture white or (on most specimens, including

holotype) pale pinkish mauve. Protoconch of 1.3-1.6 whorls.

Dimensions. — See Table 3.

Table 3. — Dimensions (in mm) of Gyrineum longicaudatum sp. nov.

Locality etc.

Holotype

21.7

14.8

Paratype. same lot as holotype

20.8

14.8

Paratype, same lot as holotype

20.5

14.3

Paratype, same lot as holotype

18.7

13.0

Paratype, same lot as holotype

17.9

12.8

Paratype. same lot as holotype

19.8

12.7

Paratype, same lot as holotype

18.9

12.2

Paratype, same lot as holotype

17.8

1 1.9

Paratype. same lot as holotype

16.7

1 1.2

OH Cebu, largest seen. Whitehead Colin

28.9

18.4

Oft Manila, fishing boats, A.R. Arthur Colin

28.6

16.6

LAGON: sta. 331, Grand Recif Sud, New Caledonia

15.7

12.3

sta. 352

19.0

12.6

" sta. 374

18.7

12.0

" sta. 374

16.8

1 1.3

sta. 378

17.5

1 1.7

sta. 382

16.2

12.2

sta. 387

16.5

1 1.2

sta. 387

16.4

10.4

Musorstom 5: sta. 375, Chesterfield Bank, Coral Sea

24.0

14.5

Remarks. — The combination of a long anterior canal (similar to that of offshore specimens of G.

bituberculare), the small size, the unusually wide, thick varices, the pale mauve aperture (similar to, but never as

bright as, that of most G. lacunatum), the brightly banded tan and white coloration, the raised, free rim of the inner

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 15. — Gyritieum longicaudatum sp. nov. — a. c. e, 2 specimens, from fishing boats. Manila, Philippines, in A.

Arthur Colin, x2.5.— h-d, CHALCAL 1: sta. D9, Lansdowne-Fairway Banks, Coral Sea, 75 m. — f, i. k-I, SEM

micrographs, CHALCAL 1: sta. D47, Chcsterfield-Bellona Plateau, Coral Sea, 70 m; f, xlO; i. x34; k. periostracal

bristles at suture, x3(); 1. x27 (showing ca 1.3 whorls.— g-h, j, nzgs WM14070, Balicasag I., Philippines; g.

x43; h. xl2; j. x38 (showing ca 1.6 whorls).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

lip (a unique character), and a protoconch of only 1.3-1.6 whorls (Figs 15 1. j), makes Gyrineum longicaudatum

one of the most distinctive species in the genus. In size and coloration it most closely resembles G. lacuna turn, and

most specimens I have seen have been removed from samples identified as G. lacunatum, but the longer anterior

canal, the raised rim on the inner lip and. in particular, the number of protoconch whorls allow its immediate

separation.

Gyrineum natator (Roding, 1798)

Figs 6 h, 16 a-i

Tritonium natator Roding, 1798: 127.

Biplex elegans Perry, 1811: pi. 5, fig. 3.

Ranella tuberculata Broderip, 1833a: 179.

Ranella olivator Morch, 1852: 106.

?Ranellaprototubercularis Noetling, 1901: 306, pi. 20, figs 9-9 a-d.

Gyrineum natator var. robusta Fulton, 1936: 10, pi. 2, fig. 4.

Gyrineum natator - Link, 1807: 123. —Altena. 1942: 99. — Hinton, 1978: 30, fig. 12. — Abbott & Dance, 1982: 125. — Beu. 1985- 56

fig. 7. — Okutani. 1986: 112; 113. 3rd fig. top row. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 28. pi. 3. fig. I. — Skwarko & Sufiati I994-’

m 15. — Bosch era!., 1995: 95, fig. 347.

Apollon (Apollon) natator var. - Oyama & TakeMURa, 1959: Apollon pi. 2, figs 11-12.

Ranella tuberculata - G.B. Sowerby II. 1835: pi. 89, fig. 13. — Kiener, 1841: 27, pi. 12, fig. 2. — Desha yes, 1843: 555 — Reeve 1844b- pi

7, fig. 36. — Kuster & Kobelt, 1871: 14b, pi. 39. figs 8-9. — Kobelt, 1876a: 51; 1876b: 330. - Martin, 1884: 137-'1919- \37

1 46. — van der Vlerk. 1931: 24 1 .

Bursa tuberculata var. - Dunker. 1863-64: 54, pi. 18, figs 1-2.

Ranella (Argobuccinum) tuberculata - Tryon, 1880: 43, pi. 23, figs 45-47.

Ranella (Apollo) tuberculata - Martin, 1899: 149, pi. 23, figs 348-348 a.

Ranella (Apollon) olivator - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 54.

IRanella tubercularis (sic) - Noetling, 1895: 31. pi. 7, figs 1-1 a-c. — Vredenburg, 1921: 270, 289; 1925: 251.

Apollon olivator robustus - Kuroda & Habe, 1952: 39.

not Apollon (Apollon) gyrinum robusta - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Apollon pi. 2, figs 9-10 1= G. gvrinum gyrinum].

not Gyrineum cf. G. reticulare robusta - Ladd. 1982: 41. pi. 7. figs 5-6 [= G. bituberculare J.

Type data. — Ranella tuberculata : 3 specimens labelled "possible syntypes", bmnh 1968534; the

smallest of these (a very short specimen; H 42.1, D 26.0) bears a label "ig" (i.e. the remnants of "Fig") inside the

aperture, and appears to be the original of Reeve (1844a. pi. 7, fig. 36) as the species was not illustrated by

Broderip, and it matches Reeve's figure well. The specimens lack any other evidence of authenticity; their only

early labels read "Bombay" and "Malacca". The specimens are from the Cuming Colin and, in the absence of any

other possible type material, are accepted as syntypes ot Ranella tuberculata Broderip. The medium-sized specimen

of these three (H 48.6, D 28.2; Figs 16 d-e; BMNH 1968534/1) is here designated the lectotype of Ranella

tuberculata , as well as the neotype of both Tritonium natator and Biplex elegans. The type locality is here

designated as Bombay, India. — The name Ranella olivator , from Morch's (1852) Yoldi catalogue, was a result of

Morch's nomenclaturally valid usage of the non-binominal names of MEUSCHEN (1778, Museum Gronovium ),

unavailable under ICZN Opinion 260. Morch cited the following references for this name: "Mart. 4, 1229.30;

Gyrineum natator (Irit.) Bolt Lnk.; R. tuberculata Brod.". The lectotype of Ranella tuberculata , designated above,

is also designated here the lectotype of Ranella olivator. — The status of Noetling's names Ranella tubercularis

I.s7c] and Ranella prototubercularis was discussed at some length by Vredenburg (1921: 270, 298; 1925: 251) but

remains unclear, and can be resolved only by examination of the specimens, presumably housed by the Geological

Survey of India, Calcutta. The names were included in the synonymy of G. natator (with queries) by Altena

(1942: 99). — Gyrineum natator robustum : holotype BMNH 19365263, from "Japan" (almost certainly incorrect)

(Fig. 16 a).

Other material examined. — Many lots in all major

museums, not listed here. As the species has not previously been

recorded from the Mozambique coast of East Africa, ihe following

Natal Museum material deserves recording: Porto Amelia,

Mozambique, intertidal on rocks. 1973 don. A. Ramalho. 1975 (3

NPM G4737; Fig. 16 c). — Chonguene, Mozambique. leg. Mrs S.

Wasted (1 nmp 6025); off Beira, Mozambique, dredged, E. Roscoe,

28 January 1976 (3 nmp G8167. smallest illustrated. Figs 16 g-i).

DISTRIBUTION. — Throughout the western and central Indian Ocean, as far south as Beira, Mozambique,

recorded from the Gulf of Arabia (BOSCH et al.. 1995: 95); common along the southern coast of Asia, frequently

seen in collections from India. Hong Kong and Singapore; and south to Indonesia. The eastern and southern limits

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 16. — Gyrineum natator (Roding).— a. holotype of Gyrineum natator robustum Fulton, BMNH 19365263, "Japan"

(wrong), xl.5.— b. d-f, syntypes of Ranella tuberculata Broderip, "Pacific Islands" ("Bombay" and "Malacca"

on original labels), all xl.5. b. paralectotype, bmnh 1968534/2. d-e. lectotype, and neotype of Tritonium

natator Roding and Biplex elegans Perry, BMNH 1968534/1. f. paralectotype. BMNH 1968534/3. — c, nmp

G 4737, intertidal rocks, Porto Amelia, Mozambique, xl.5. — g-i, NMP G8167, off Beira, Mozambique. SEM

micrographs of protoconch, g. x33 (showing ca 2.7 whorls); h. xl2; i. x36.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

iire poorly known; not recorded from Mauritius or Reunion by Drivas & Jay (1988), nor from the Philippine

Islands by Springsteen & Leobrera (1986). A lot in NZGS from "Sulu Sea" is as likely to be wrongly localised

as it is to indicate an eastern limit just reaching into the southwestern Philippines. Recorded from New* Guineaf?)

by Hinton (1978: 30, fig. 12) but no specimens from Australia exist in Australian museums. The easternmost

Indonesian specimens in AMS are from Bali (C60883) and the Moluccas Islands (C34885).

Dimensions. — Ranella tuberculata and R. olivator (lectotype), and also Tritonium natator and Biplex

elegans (neotype): H 48.6. D 28.2; paralectotype (Reeve’s figured specimen): H 42.1, D 26.0; paralectotype: H

49.1. D 28.7. - Chonguene, Mozambique, NMP 6025: H 40.9, D 24.4. - Porto Amelia, Mozambique, nmp G4737:

H 40.8. D 24.6; H 39.7, D 24.1. - Off Madras, S. India, NZGS WM15532: H 36.9, D 22.7 (Fig. 6 h). - Marua

Beach, Brunei, Borneo, NZGS WM 13803: H 36.7, D 22.4. - "India". AMS C36425: H 43.9, D 25.7.

Remarks. — As with several species described above, the synonymy given by Altena (1942: 99)

includes many other references to fossil records of Gyrineum natator from Pliocene to Pleistocene rocks of India,

Indonesia and the Philippine Islands. Martin (1919: 137, 146) recorded it, as Ranella tuberculata , from the

Miocene of Ngembak and the Pleistocene of Banjar Anjar, Java.

Gyrineum natator is a large, robustly sculptured species, easily distinguished from all its congeners by

being the largest species of the genus, by its low varices, by its thin shell, by its more strongly shouldered whorls,

producing a stepped outline to the varices, and by its dark brown to dark olive green-brown coloration, uniform in

some specimens, and in others consisting of dark nodules on a paler ground (pale brown, yellow, or white). The

aperture is white, with smoother lips than in most other species. The protoconch resembles those of other species

with high whorl numbers, and has 2.6 whorls (Fig. 16 g).

Gyrineum pusillum (Broderip, 1833)

Figs 17 a-j

Ranella pus ilia Broderip, 1833b: 194.

Ranella pusilla - G.B. Sowerby II. 1835: pi. 84, fig. 1* (in pan, asterisked figure only).

? Apollon pus ill us - Salvai & Rives, 1975: 306, fig. 175.

not Ranella pusilla - G.B. Sowerby II. 1835: pi. 84. fig. I. — ?Kobelt. 1876a: 52. [= G. cone in urn].

not Ranella pusilla - Reeve, 1844b: pi. 8. figs 44a-b. — Krauss. 1848: 113. —Forbes, 1852: 365. — Fischer, I860: 357. — Pease, 1868: 107.

— Angas, 1871: 88. — Kobelt, 1876b: 330. — Schmeltz, 1877: 82. (= G. lacunatum].

NOT Ranella pusilla - Smith. 1879: 815 [?= G. gyrinum wilmerianum\.

not Bursa <Apollon) pusilla - Brazier, 1877: 175. [= G. lacunatum].

not Ranella (Argobuccinum) pusilla - Tryon. 1880: 44. pi. 24, figs 56-58, 66. — Watson, 1886: 402. (= G. lacunatum].

HOT Ranella (Apollon) pusilla - Tapparone-Canefri. 1881: 55. — Melvill& Standen, 1895: 1 10. [= G. lacunatum ].

not Gyrineum (Apollon) pusillum - Melvill & STANDEN, 1899: 164. [= G. lacunatum],

NOT Gyrineum pusillum - Hedley, 1907: 483. — Schepman, 1909: 115. — Hedi.ey, 1918b: M67. — Yen, 1942: 214. — Kay. 1979: 226. figs

79 g-h. — Kilburn & Rippey. 1982: 75. pi. 17, fig. 9. — Beu. 1985: 56. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 114, pi. 31. fig. 10. —

Okutani, 1986: 112; 113, third fig. in right column. — Short & Potter, 1987: 48. pi. 23. fig. 7. — Drivas & Jay. 1988: 66. fig. —

Sal vat et al., 1988: 103. pi. 13. fig. 11. — Lai. 1989: 118, figs 10-11. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 29, pi. 4. fig. 2. — Bosch et at..

1995: 95. fig. 348. [= G. lacunatum]. F 6

not Apollon pusillus - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Apollon pi. 2. figs 1-2. — Habe, 1961: 45, pi. 22, fig. 3: 1964: 71. pi. 22, fig. 3. (= G.

lacunatum],

not Apollon (Gyrinella) pusillus - Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 42. pi. 15. fig. 8. [= G. lacunatum],

1 Bursa (Apollon) garretti - Semper, 1874: 139 (nomen nudum).

Type DATA. — Lectotype BMNH 1984256/1, designated here, the most complete specimen, with good

protoconch (Figs 17 a-d. g), 2 paralectotypes, BMNH 1984256/2-3; from "Lord Hood’s Island", ex Cuming Cohn (=

South Marutea I., Tuamotu Islands). Semper's name Ranella garretti is a nomen nudum based on specimens from

Polynesia " R. rosea Reeve veto simil'\ and could refer to G. pusillum , to G. roseum , or to G. lacunatum.

Other material examined.— Eastern Polynesia. Beach, Beach. Rapa Island. SE of Raivavae. Austral Islands. French

Tubuai L, Austral Islands, French Polynesia, coll. J. Trondle. July Polynesia, coll. J. Trondle, 1981 (1). — ?Raivavae, Austral Islands,

1977 (1 in Trondle Colin, Figs 17 e-f. h-j; 1 nzgs WM 15533). — specimens illustrated by Salvat&Rives (1975: 306, fig. 175).

DISTRIBUTION. — Apparently restricted to eastern Polynesia; poorly known.

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 17. — Gyrineum pusillum (Broderip). — a-d, g, lectotype, bmnh 1984256/1/’Lord Hood's Island" (South Marutea

I., Tuamotu Islands), a-b. x2.5. c. x38. d. x30 (showing 0.8 whorls), g. xl0.8. — e-f, h-j, MNHN, beach. Tubuai

I., Austral Islands, French Polynesia, coll. J. Trondle, e. xl5. f. x3.9. h. i. x32; j. x34 (showing ca 0.8-0.9

whorls).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Dimensions. — Ranella pusilla (lectotype): H 16.5. D 10.1; paralectotypes: H 16.6. D 10.4; H 13.5,

REMARKS. — As noted under Gyrineum lacunatum , Broderip’s only undoubted syntypes of Ranella pusilla

are white shells with a bulbous protoconeh of only 0.8 whorls, clearly distinct from the multicoloured species with

a turbimform protoconch of 1.8-2.2 whorls that has usually been known as G. pusillum. The syntypes of G.

pusillum are small (13.4 to 16.5 mm high), narrow, evenly and finely nodulose, white shells with very low

varices. I he type locality is "Lord Hood's Island" (South Marutea Island. Tuamotu Islands; Dance, 1966: 148;

Dance, 1980). The sole figure of the true G. pusillum in early iconographies is that by G.B. Sowerby II (1835:

pi. 84. fig. I *) which appears to have been based on the specimen here designated the lectotype. The identity of the

true G. pusillum has, however, been recognised from specimens collected in eastern Polynesia by Jean Trondle,

who kindly made them available for examination. These two lots (two specimens from Tubuai in the Austral

Islands, and two from Rapa) were identified by Trondle as G. roseum and. indeed, closely resemble western Pacific

specimens of G. roseum in shape and sculpture. They differ most obviously from G. roseum in their very elevated

and wide, bulbous protoconch initiation (Figs 17 c-d, h-j), producing a protoconch of only about 0.8-0.9 whorl, in

their narrower shape, and in their white to pale pink or pale orange-yellow coloration, rather than the consistent

dark pink, with yellow nodules, of G. roseum. It therefore seems likely that the uniform pale pink specimens from

Raivavae, in the Austral Islands, illustrated by Salvat& Rives (1975: 306. fig. 175) are C. pusillum. All these

eastern Polynesian specimens, including Broderip's type material of C. pusillum,, have uniform sculpture of even

rows of low nodules, without the large, fused nodules seen on many G. roseum. have lower, narrower varices than

in G. roseum, and have very clearly and sharply margined spiral cords rather than the indistinctly margined cords,

merging smoothly with their background, seen on G. roseum. The overall similar appearance of all these

specimens to G. roseum suggests the possibility that there is an east-west cline in protoconch whorl numbers and

that G. roseum and G. pusillum might be conspecific, but much more material from eastern and central Polynesia

is needed to evaluate this.

Gyrineum roseum (Reeve. 1844)

Figs 6 n-o, 18 a-m

Ranella rosea Reeve, 1844b: pi. 8, fig. 46.

Ranella rosea - Reeve, 1844d: 139. — Kobelt, 1876b: 330.

Ranella pusilla var. rosea - Smith, 1879: 815.

Ranella (Argobuccinum) pusilla - Tryon, 1880: 4 (in pari not off Broderip. 1833).

Gyrineum roseum - Hirase, 1936: 66. pi. 96, fig. 3. — Okutani, 1986: 112; 1 13, 2nd fig. riuht column. — Lai, 1989: 118. figs 12-13 —

Wilson. 1993: 242. 6 '

Apollon roseus - Kuroda & Habe, 1952: 39. — Habe. 1961: 45. pi. 22, fig. 2; 1964:71. pi. 22. fig. 2. — Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 41 pi 15

fig. 3. w * ' *

Apollon (Apollon) roseus - Oyama & Takemura. 1959: Apollon pi. 2, figs 5-6.

Gyrineum (Gyrineum) roseum - Beu. 1985: 56. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 114. pi. 31. fig. 9. — Henning & Hemmen 1993- 30 pi 4

fig. I. * * " '

Type data. — 2 syntypes bmnh 1967662. the larger and fresher here designated the lectotype bmnh

1967662/1. (H 21.1, D 14.8, Figs 18 e-f); from H I. of Ticao. Philippines", ex Cuming Colin. The original label

also says "3 largest MC", so one has apparently been lost from this lot. A further paraTectotype is present in MCZ

(MCZ 156180, "co-type. Philippine Islands, H. Cuming, ex C.B. Adams Colin"). As most lots of types of species

named by Reeve (1844a. b) consist of three specimens, it is clear that Hugh Cuming sold other specimens to other

malacologists. Syntypes of several of Reeve's species are present in MCZ (Triton thersites, MCZ 188154; Triton

moritinctus , MCZ 188151; Triton exilis , MCZ 188153; Triton trilineatus , MCZ 188152; Triton decipiens , MCZ

188158; Triton ride ns, MCZ 186600 |a specimen of Distorsio decussata (Valenciennes, 1832)] and possibly arc

present in other museums.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sia.

D2. D6, D7, D8. D15. DI8. D24. D26 (Fig. 6 n). D29. D45. D47.

D50. D5I, D57. — Unlocalised. — corail 2: sta. DW1. DW8.

DW9, DWI0, DW11, DW18. DWI9. DW38. DW56. DW65.

DW80, DW82. DW83. DW84, DW88. DW89, DW9I. DW93.

DW94. DW95. DWI02. DWI05. DWII0, DWI15. DWII7,

DW1I8. CP 124. DW128. DWI33. DWI36. DWI4I, DWI43,

DW144. DW 148. DWI53. DW156, DWI57. DW160. — W. Hot

Reynart, 6 m.

ALAN G. BEU

Pig. 18. — Gyrineum roseum (Reeve). — a-b. g, sculptural range in one lot, NZGS WM14064, Mactan I.. Cebu,

Philippines; x2.5. — c, CHALCAL I: sta. D26, Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau. Coral Sea, 48 m; x2.5. — d, h, k-

I, mnhn, 50 m, under coral, Afaahiti, Tahiti. Society Islands, coll. J. Trondle, d. x3.8; h. x30; k. x30 (showing ca

1.25 whorls); 1. x!5. — e-f. lectotype of Ranella rosea (Reeve), BMNH 1967662/1, Ticao, Philippines, ex

Cuming Colin, x2.5. — i-j, m. NZGS WM14111. Mactan I., Cebu. Philippines, i. xll; j. x39; m. x36 (showing

ca 1.3 whorls).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 1158. — expedition montrouzier: sta.

1311, 1316. 1318. 1331.

North of New Caledonia. LAGON: sta. 473. — bathus 4: sta.

DW887. DW896.

Local depth range 12-100 m. empty shells occasionally deeper.

Other material examined. — Australia. Capricorn

Group. Queensland. T. Iredale Colin (1 AMS). — Northwest I..

Queensland. Oct. 1954. L. Woolacott (I ams). — Capricorn Group.

Queensland. C.F. Laseron Colin (1 ams C67048). — Tryon I.

Capricorn Group. Queensland, coll. .1. Kerslake. Sept. 1954 (3 ams).

— Wheeler Reef. NE of Townsville. Queensland, subtidal. coll. I.

Loch. 15 June 1974 (1 ams).

Lord Howe Island. HMAS "Kimbla" sta. LH5. off Lord Howe 1..

30°25.5’ S. 159°6’ E. 49-51 m. 6 Nov. 1976 (2 ams).

French Polynesia. Tahiti. Afaahiti. 50 m, coll. J. Trondle (1; Figs 18

d. h. k-I).

DISTRIBUTION. — Throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes, from southern Japan (as far north as Kii

Peninsula, Honshu; Habe, 1964; 71) to the Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia;

as far east in the Pacific as Rarotonga. Cook Islands (several lots seen in AMS, MCZ) and Tahiti. I have not seen

specimens from west of the Philippines and Indonesia.

Dimensions. — Lectotype: H 21.1, D 14.8; paralectotype (bmnh 1967662/2): H 20.2, D 14.5. -

Philippines, NZGS WM14064 (Figs 18 a-b, g): H 18.2, D 12.7; H 18.0. D 11.4; H 15.9, D 10.3. - CHALCAL: sta.

D26: H 17.1, D 10.8. - Northwest I., Queensland, AMS: H 23.7. D 15.4.

Remarks. — Despite the almost complete agreement among early writers that this pink species was

merely a colour form of the species here called Gyrineum lacunatum, G. roseum is in fact a distinctive species.

Apart from the almost uniform white to dark pink colour, with paler nodules on some specimens and, on some

others, pale yellow to bright yellow nodules, distinctive characters are its short, wide form, its close spacing of the

two peripheral spiral cords (almost fused, to form a single row of bifid nodules, on many specimens), aiid its

protoconch of only 1.25 - 1.3 whorls (Figs 18 k, m). The axial sculpture is very variable in prominence and in the

number of costae; as in most other species of Gyrineum , early spire whorls are evenly cancellate, but whereas

many specimens remain cancellate to the last whorl, many others reduce the number of costae and increase their

prominence down the shell, so the last one or two intervariceal intervals may have as few as three large, widely

spaced peripheral nodules. The juvenile specimen from EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1318, Grand Recif cfe

Koumac, in 20-30 m, has an excellently preserved protoconch displaying four spiral rows of short periostracal

bristles.

Although Gyrineum roseum has not been recorded previously from as far south as Australia, several

authentic Australian lots are present in Australian collections. It is common in MNHN/ORSTOM samples from the

Coral Sea, but it is rare species in New Caledonia, where only eight lots have been collected and all material seen

is from the north of the region, and many specimens are white, although the juvenile specimens collected near the

Passe de Koumac and Grand Recif de Koumac during EXPEDITION montrouzier are typical orange to pink

colours. Recently, huge numbers of specimens have become available from Philippine Islands "deep water" shell

debris ( e.g ., NZGS WM13109, ca. 230 specimens).

Genus Halgyrineum gen. nov.

Type species: Gyrineum louisae Lewis, 1974, Recent, Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic; Pleistocene, Costa Rica.

Diagnosis. — Shell small for the family (rarely over 25 mm high), dorsoventrally compressed (maximum

diameter ca 1.6 times minimum diameter); spire moderately tall but anterior siphonal canal short; varices at each

180° around teleoconch, not strictly aligned into two lateral ridges but each slightly offset from the preceding varix;

whorl surface evenly convex, without a shoulder angulation. Varices low, thinner than in Gyrineum species,

weakly hollowed abapertually. Sculpture of many fine, regular, even rows of small nodules at intersections of very

low, weakly defined axial costae and similarly spaced, low, weakly bifid spiral cords; 6 cords on spire whorls and

11 on last whorl (passing onto the terminal varix; many more weak ones below); 15-17 axial costae per

intervariceal interval; interspaces crowded with narrow, sharp, cancellate axial and spiral threads. Aperture relatively

large, weakly subquadrate; interior of outer lip with 10 low, narrow, widely spaced transverse ridges; inner lip flared

over previous whorl, masking pseudumbilicus, smooth except for one low parietal ridge and 4-6 low ridges on base

of columella. Protoconch of 3.3 inflated whorls (Fig. 19 0, with widely spaced, prominently cancellate, narrow

axial and spiral sculpture.

ALAN G. BEU

Remarks. — "Gyrineum" louisae differs so strongly from the other very uniform group of Gyrineum

species in almost all characters that its inclusion makes Gyrineum a polyphyletic group, and the new genus

Halgyrineum is proposed for G. louisae. The most obvious difference from Gyrineum is the radically distinct

sculptural plan; the evenly inflated whorl surface (/.*., without angles) covered with regularly spaced gemmae,

produced by six spiral cords on spire whorls and 11 on the last whorl, crossing up to 17 costae in each intervariceal

interval, produces a fundamentally different appearance from the pattern of all undoubted Gyrineum species, in

which 3-4 cords on spire whorls and 7 on the last whorl cross only 6-10 axial costae (reduced to only 2-3 on last

whorl of some specimens). Correspondingly, Halgyrineum louisae consistently has 10 ridges inside the outer lip

instead of the 7 in all Gyrineum species. The fine, crisply cancellate. interstitial sculpture is also highly distinct

from the few low, wide interstitial spiral cords seen on Gyrineum species. The almost smooth, flared inner lip is

also quite different from the narrow, coarsely ridged inner lip of Gyrineum species. Finally, Halgyrineum louisae is

the only known species of Ranellinae with a multiwhorled, cancellate protoconch, similar to that of Sassia

remensa , reflecting a particularly wide teleplanic larval dispersal. This plesiomorphic tonnoidean protoconch (see

Waren & Bouchet, 1990) seems to indicate that Halgyrineum evolved from an early tonnoidean separately from

Gyrineum. Halgyrineum louisae is the only ranelline found widely in both the central Atlantic and central Indo-

West Pacific provinces. A formerly continuous range throughout the tropical ocean has apparently been interrupted

by uplift of the Isthmus of Panama late in Pliocene time (supported by the occurrence of Pleistocene fossils at

Limon. Costa Rica; see below) but has not been followed by the evolution of morphological differences between

the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic populations. The protoconch and developmental type in itself is not a generic

character, even though it contrasts strongly with the protoconchs of Gyrineum species, which are all very similar

to each other; time will tell whether other Halgyrineum species are found with a similar protoconch.

Halgyrineum resembles early western American species ancestral to the Argobuccinum and Fusitriton

groups of Ranellinae (e.g. the specimen of "Ranella" californica (Gabb) illustrated by SMITH, 1970: pi. 49, figs 1-

2) and it appears possible that it is a descendant from the early western American ranelline group, rather than being

closely related phylogenetically to Gyrineum.

ETYMOLOGY. — I have great pleasure naming this genus in honour of my friend Hal Lewis, a great student

of the ranellids and describer of the type species of the genus; the name is composed from Hal + Gyrineum.

Halgyrineum louisae (Lewis, 1974)

Figs 6 p, 19 a-i

Gyrineum louisae Lewis, 1974: 11, figs 1-3.

Gyrineum atlanticum Fechter, 1975: 64, figs 1-3, 7-8.

Gyrineum louisae - Fechter. 1975: figs 4-6, 9. — Cernohorsky, 1978c: 62. pi. 17. fig. 5. — Kay. 1979: 225. fig. 79L. — Beu, 1985: 56. -

Robinson. 1990: 133, figs 1 a-c. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 27. pi. 3. fig. 9.

TYPE DATA. — Gyrineum louisae : holotype in B.P. Bishop Museum, Hawaii (Lewis, 1974: 11); from

330 m, off Pokai Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, taken by M.V. " Pele ". — Gyrineum atlanticum: holotype in Zoologischen

Staatssammlung, Munchen, Katalog Nr. 1, no. M9c/33 (FECHTER, 1975: 63); from Great Meteor Bank, central

Atlantic, 314-323 m, 29°59.5' N, 28°22.5’ W, taken by R.V. "Meteor", 24 July 1967.

New Caledonia records. — Norfolk Ridge, smib 8: sta.

DW159 (Fig. 19 g), DW163 (Fig. 6 p). — beryx II: sta. DW40

(Figs 19 d. h). Local depth range 245-3 lo m.

. Other material examined. — Reunion, md 32 Reunion:

sta. DR47, 21°23' S, 55°37' E, off Reunion I., Indian Ocean, 205-215

m (2 mnhn; Figs 19 a-c, e-f, i. I nzgs WM14604).

French Polynesia. M.V. "Pele" Sta. FH-1. haul 3, 80-81 m. off Baie

Hanavave. west coast of Fatu Hiva. Marquesas Islands, 27 Sept.

1967(1 usnm 798629).

Pleistocene, Costa Rica. Moin Formation (Pleistocene), Limon.

Costa Rica (in Geology Dept, Tulane University, Louisiana): Tulane

University locality TU 1240 (1). — TU 1239, same formation and

area, 1.4 km south of TU 1240 (I specimen, illustrated by Robinson,

1990: fig. 1. and 2 broken terminal varices).

DISTRIBUTION. — Halgyrineum louisae is recorded from several widely spaced localities scattered

throughout the central Atlantic and central Indo-West Pacific; known at present only from Reunion, New

Caledonia, the Marquesas Islands, Hawaii (type locality), and Great Meteor Bank, in depths of 80-460 m; a

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 19. — Halgyrineum (gen. nov.) louisae (Lewis).— a-c, e-f, i. mnhn, 2 specimens, md32/reunion: sta. DR47. ott

Reunion. Indian Ocean, 205-215 m. a, b. x3; c. x40; e. x 13; f. x39 (showing ca 3.3 whorls); i. xl60.— d. h,

BERYX 11: sta. DW40, southern New Caledonia, 240-300 m, x3.— g, SMIB 8: sta. DW159, Loyalty Ridge, New

Caledonia, 241-245 m, x3.

Source: MNHN, Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Pleistocene fossil at Linton, Costa Rica. S. Gofas (MNHN: pers comm.) reports that specimens have also been

collected on the Meteor. Hyeres and Irving seamounts in the Atlantic Ocean during the SEAMOUNT 2 cruise, 1993.

Dimensions. — Gyrineum louisae (holotype): H 19, D 12 (Lewis, 1974: 11). - G. atlanticum (holotype):

H 26.1, D 15.9 (Fechter, 1975: 64). - Pleistocene, Linton. Costa Rica, TU 1239: H 31.5, D not stated, ca 17

mm front illustration (Robinson, 1990: 134). - Off Reunion I.. MD32 Reunion: sta. DR47, NZGS WM14604: H

21.0, D 12.1. - Pleistocene, Limon. Costa Rica, TU 1240: H 22.5, D 13.5. - New Caledonia, SMIB 8: sta.

DW159: H 19.2, D 11.5; sta. DW163: H 25.9. D 16.2.

Remarks. — The critical characters of the species are those of the genus. Nearly all specimens I have seen

are uniform white, and all seem to have been empty shells when collected; the single large Norfolk Ridge specimen

in SMIB 8: sta. DW163 (Fig. 7 p) has diffuse, alternating wide, cream and pale red-brown colour bands. S. Gofas

(mnhn) reports that the Atlantic specimens mentioned above (collected during Seamount 2) are also pale brown,

with a darker blotch at the posterior termination of each varix. It will be interesting to compare the anatomy and

radula with that of Gyrineum species. Gyrineum atlanticum is based on a slightly larger Atlantic specimen. The

three specimens recorded here from near New Caledonia significantly add to the known material of this rare species.

Subfamily CYMATIINAE Ircdale, 1913 (1854)

(Conserved under ICZN Article 40b; placed on the Official List of Family Group Names

in Zoology in ICZN Opinion 1650)

Genus Charonia Gistel, 1847

Tritonium Roding, 1798: 125. Type species (SD by COSSMANN, 1903b: 90): Murex tritonis Linne, 1758,

Miocene to Recent, Indo-West Pacific. (Junior homonym of Tritonium Muller, 1776).

Triton Montfort, 1810: 587. Type species (by monotypy): Murex tritonis Linne, 1758. (Junior homonym of

Triton Linne, 1758 and Triton Laurenti, 1768).

Charonia Gistel, 1847: 559; 1848: 170. Type species (by monotypy): Murex tritonis Linne, 1758.

Buccinatorium Morch, 1877: 26. Type species (SD by CLENCH & TURNER, 1957: 193): Triton nobile Conrad,

1849 [= Triton variegatum Lamarck, 1816], Miocene to Recent, Atlantic and Mediteranean.

Semiranella de Gregorio, 1880: 99. Type species (OD): Triton (Semiranella) gemmellari de Gregorio, 1880.

Eocene, Italy [by first reviser's action herein. = Charonia lampas Linne, 1758].

Eutritonium Cossmann. 1904: 123. Type species (OD): Murex tritonis Linne, 1758.

Remarks. — I have previously regarded Semiranella as a synonym of Sassia. However, DE GREGORIO'S

(1880: 99) description and figures of Triton (Semiranella) gemmellari appear to be a composite of a juvenile

specimen of Charonia lampas (DE Gregorio, 1880: pi. 4, figs 21-22) and a Sassia species closely resembling, if

not a synonym of. S. bicincta (Deshayes) (DE Gregorio, 1880: pi. 7, fig. 62). The specimen figured by DE

Gregorio (1880: pi. 4, figs 21-22) is here selected as the lectotype of Triton (Semiranella) gemmellari , so T.

(Semiranella) gemmellari becomes a further synonym of Charonia lampas (apparently indicating a time-range from

Eocene on. in Europe) and Semiranella is a synonym of Charonia. The other nominal species referred to

Semiranella by DE GREGORIO (1894: 30, pi. 5, fig. 117), Triton (Semiranella) valrovinensis , is also based on a

juvenile specimen of C. lampas.

Charonia tritonis (Linne, 1758)

Fig. 20 a

Murex tritonis Linne, 1758: 754.

Triton marmoratum Link, 1807: 122.

Triton imbricata W.H.D. Adams, 1868: 268, fig. 1.

Murex tritonis - Linne, 1767: 1222. — Gmelin, 1791: 3459. — Dillwyn. 1817: 727.

Tritonium tritonis - ROding. 1798: 125 (in pan). — H. & A. Adams, 1852: 102; 1858: pi. II, fig. 1 c. —Tapparone-Canefri, 1875a: 586.

Source: MNHN , Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSON I DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 20. —Charonia species and Cymatium lotorium. — a. Charonia tritonis (Linne), dived. 20 m. Hot N’Do. SW

lagoon. New Caledonia, x 0.67. — b, d-g, Charonia lampas (Linne). b. d. AMS C167135. Middle Miocene

(Balcombian), Balcombe Bay, Mornington. Victoria. Australia, xl.5. e, MUSORSTOM 5: sta. 255. Capel Bank.

Coral Sea, 280-295 m, x 2.5. f. Cyana dive 21. SW of lie des Pins, New Caledonia, 340 m, x0.67. g, SMIB 3: sta.

DWI4, S. New Caledonia, 246 m, x0.67.— c. Cymatium (Lotoria) lotorium (Linne), LAGON: sta. 457, Atoll de

Surprise, New Caledonia; x0.67.

Source: MNHN, Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Triton tritonis - Montfort, 1810: 587 (in part). — Morch, 1852: 108. — KOBELT. 1878a: 242. — Tryon, 1880: 9. pi. I, fig. I; pi. 3. fig. 16.

Lampusia tritonis - Schumacher, 1817: 250.

Septa tritonis - SUTER, 1913: 304, pi. 42. fig. 1.

Charonia tritonis - Iredale. 1913: 55. — Hirase, 1936: 66. pi. 95. fig. 9. — Edmondson, 1946: 143, fig. 63 c. — Oyama & Takemura. 1959:

Charonia figs 4-4 a. — Kira, 1961: 53. pi. 21. fig. 12. — Rippingale & McMichael, 1961: 67, pi. 7, fig. 8. — Kira, 1962: 56, pi. 22.

fig. 12. — Barnard. 1963: 26. — Powell, 1964: 14. — Cernohorsky. 1967b: 58. — Powell. 1967: 187. — Wilson & Gillett,

1971: 76, pi. 52, fig. I. — Hinton, 1972: 14, pi. 7, fig. I. — Salvat& Rives, 1975: 306. fig. 177. — Powell. 1976: 151. — Hinton,

1978: 28. fie. I . — Powell, 1979: 168. — Kay. 1979: 215, fig. 77F. — Okutani, 1986: 115. bottom centre fig. — Short & Potter.

1987:46, pi. 22, fig. 7. — Salvat et al.. 1988: 21. —Lai. 1989: 119. fig. 14. — Osorio, 1991:75, figs 1-2. —Wilson, 1993: 243, pi.

41, fig. 14.

Tritonalia tritonis - Kuroda & Habe, 1952: 92. — Kira, 1955: 43. pi. 21. fig. 12.

Charonia tritonis tritonis - Beu, 1970a: 208, pi. I. figs 1-4; 1971: 102, fig. 1; 1985: 57. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 112, pi. 30, fig. 11.

— Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 43. pi. 7. fig. I.

Triton imbricata - Bf.U, 1971: 102, fig. I.

Triton variegation - Lamarck. 1822: 178 (in part). — Kiener. 1842: 28. pi. 2. — HUTTON, 1873: 12.

Triton variegatus - Reeve, 1844a: pi. 2. fig. 3 b (in part; not fig. 3 a). — Kuster& Kobeli. 1871: 172, pi. 48, pi. 49 (in part). — Melvill &

Standen, 1895: 110.

Type DATA. —Murex tritonis : Linne’s collection, housed by the Linnean Society of London, contains a

single specimen identified as Murex tritonis , an immature specimen of Charonia tritonis about 20 cm high. As the

figured specimens cited by LlNNE (1758: 754) must also be construed as syntypes. the specimen present in Linne’s

Colin in London is here designated the lectotype of Murex tritonis. Unlike most of Linne's specimens, this one is

not marked with the number of the species in LlNNE (1767). Two further paralectotypes are present in the Linne

Colin in the Uppsala University Zoological Museum (nos. 933 and 955; Wallin, 1993: 80). The type locality is

here designated as Ambon Island (Amboina), Indonesia. — Triton marmoratum : no type specimens are known.

CLENCH & TURNER (1957: 196) restricted Link's name Triton marmoratum to the Indo-West Pacific species C.

tritonis by designating as its "type figure" (i.e., lectotype) the specimen referred to by Gmelin (1791) and

illustrated by BUONANNI (1681: fig. 188), but this still leaves T. marmoratum without a type specimen. The

lectotype of Murex tritonis , designated above, is therefore also here designated the neotype of Triton marmoratum.

— Triton imbricata : the figure of W. H. D. Adams (repeated by BEU, 1971: 102, fig. 1) is a small, generalised one,

and probably was not based on any one particular specimen. Certainly, I am not aware of the whereabouts of any

specimens illustrated in this obscure, popular work. The lectotype of Murex tritonis , designated above, is therefore

also here designated the neotype of Triton imbricata.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia. Hot N'Do, Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8:

22°41' S. I66°58' E. 20 m (Fig. 20 a). — expedition montrouzier: sta. DW1021. 17°43' S. 168°37’ E. 124-130 m (I. dark pink juv. of

sta. 1240 (H 385 mm), 1271 (H 310 mm). 2 teleoconch whorls).

Distribution. — Throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, from southern East Africa, the Red Sea, and

as far south as Dongara in Western Australia (Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 76; Wilson, 1993: 243), to southern

Queensland, Lord Howe Island and. rarely, to northern New Zealand (two apparently authentic records; Powell,

1964: 14; 1967: 187; 1976: 151), northwards to southern Kyushu. Japan (Kira, 1962: 56), and eastwards

to Hawaii (Kay, 1979: 215) and, rarely, the tropical eastern Pacific (Emerson, 1989; 1991: 68; Cocos I.

and Galapagos Islands); and as far southeast in Polynesia as the Pitcairn Group (crayfish pots in 20-80 m, off Ducie

I., F.V. "McLachlan ", coll. J. Cave, 1994; 1 NMNZ M 271940) and Easter Island (Osorio, 1991). The specimen

cited by Smith (1915: 84) as "allied to ... the well-known C. tritonis (Linne)", from 'Terra Nova" sta. 134, near

North Cape, New Zealand, in 11-20 fathoms, has been examined (BMNH 1915.4.18.243) and is a juvenile

C. lampas.

I have previously treated the Atlantic - Mediterranean closely related form as a geographic subspecies of C.

tritonis (Beu, 1970a: 209). but it is now clear that this is a distinct species, C. variegata (Lamarck, 1816) [=

Triton atlantica Bowdich, 1822; = Triton nobilis Conrad, 1849; = Tritonium seguenzae Aradas & Benoit, 1870; see

Clench & Turner, 1957: 194; Beu, 1970a: 209]. C. variegata differs from C. tritonis in having a shorter spire, a

more constricted aperture with a less flared outer lip, more strongly shouldered whorls, more prominent white

ridges and larger, dark brown background areas inside the outer lip. and narrower ridges on the inner lip, and these

differences show no intergradation. Also, no genetic exchange has been possible between these two taxa since the

Late Pliocene uplift of the Isthmus of Panama. Magne & Vergneau-Saubade (1973: fig. 2) illustrated a fossil

specimen of C. variegata (under the name C. seguenzae) from the Helvetian (Late Miocene) of the Aquitaine Basin.

Dimensions. — New Caledonian specimen, Hot N'Do: H 180.9, D 75.5. Maximum dimension recorded in

New Caledonia 464 mm (Prigent, 1989: 23).

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

REMARKS. — Charonia tritonis , the very large "Triton’s trumpet" (or "Toutoute" as it is popularly known

in New Caledonia), needs little comment, as it is well known and occurs sporadically throughout the Indo-West

Pacific province. Although it was not recorded from New Caledonia by FISCHER (1860), Melvill & STANDEN

(1895) reported that the collection they examined contained "many, in various stages of growth". This very large,

hard-substrate, echinoderm predator was not well sampled by the ORSTOM shallow-water dredging programme, as

only three specimens are present in the collection reported here, and two of these were collected alive during

EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER. The tiny, deep pink juvenile of two teleoconch whorls (lacking the protoconch)

collected in Vanuatu (MUSORSTOM 8: sta. DW1021) has sculpture of rows of small nodules, closely resembling

that of juvenile C. lampas , but has been compared with other, slightly larger juvenile specimens of C. tritonis and

was found to agree in all details. The two species are closely similar at a small size.

Charonia lampas (Linne, 1758)

Figs 20 b. d-g, 21

A turex lampas Linne, 1758: 748.

Tritonium opis Roding. 1798: 125.

Septa rubicunda Perry, 1811: pi. 14, fig. 4.

Murex gyrinoides Brocchi, 1814: 401, pi. 9, fig. 9.

Marex nerei Dillwyn, 1817: 728 (in part).

Triton nodiferum Lamarck, 1822: 179.

Triton australe Lamarck, 1822: 179.

Tritonium mediterranean Risso. 1826: 203.

Triton ventricosum Grateloup. 1833: 162.

Triton crassum Grateloup, 1840: pi. 29, fig. 20.

Triton sauliae Reeve, 1844a: pi. 5. figs 17 a-b.

Triton ranelliforme Sismonda in Michelotti. 1847: 252.

Tritonium partschii Hoemes, 1849: 18 (nomen nudum).

Triton subcolubrinum d'Orbigny, 1852: 78.

Tritonium solitarium Beyrich, 1856: 181, pi. 12, figs 1 a-b.

Tritonium nodiferum var. glabra Weinkauff, 1868: 75.

Triton pliniae Mayer in Bellardi, 1873: 209, pi. 14, fig. 3.

Triton (Semiranella) gemmellari de Gregorio, 1880: 99, pi. 4, fig. 21-22 (not pi. 7, fig. 62).

Triton gyrinoides formae inflectilabrum, labropolitum, imperans, ficarazzense & singillum de Gregorio. 1884: 99-

100 .

Tritonium glabrum Locard, 1886: 154,558.

Tritonium pustulata & vars. minor and varicosa Euthyme, 1889: 273, pi. 6, figs 3-4.

Triton gyrinoides formae normalis, flabellatum, intermedium, transeuns, scalaratum, conodentatum, cochleo-

socium, bicanaliculatum, verrucosum, minus-verrucosum, callosum, diramatum, carinatum, latespiratum,

naniusculum, pellegrinense, and subnormals de Gregorio. 1893: 11-18, pis 1-5.

Triton gyrinoides forma propeficarazzense de Gregorio, 1885: 129.

Triton (Semiranella) valrovinensis de Gregorio, 1894: 30, pi. 5, fig. 117.

Simpulum nodiferum vars. major and minima Pallary, 1900: 293.

Septa englishi Newton, 1905: 341, text-fig.

Charonia nodifera var. euclia Hedley, 1914: 65, pi. 18, fig. 1.

Nyctilochus alfredensis Bartsch, 1915: 94. pi. 4, fig. 4.

Eutritonium salbriacense Cossmann & Peyrot, 1924: 268, pi. 16, figs 3-4.

Eutritonium (Sassia) aperturale Cossmann & Peyrot. 1924: 286, pi. 17, figs 10-11, 16.

Charonia capax Finlay, 1926: 397, pi. 20, fig. 67.

Charonia capax euclioides Finlay, 1926: 398, pi. 20, fig. 68.

Charonia euclia instructa Iredale, 1929c: 172. pi. 41, fig. 5.

Charonia powelli Cotton, 1957: 120, pi. 6, lower fig.

Charonia sauliae macilenta Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: 46, pi. 23, fig. 10; appendix p.17.

Tritonium (Charonia) nodiferum var. elongatus Settepassi, 1970: Charonia p. ii, pis 1-3; pi. 4, fig. 13; pi. 4 a.

figs 15-16; pi. 4 b, fig. 17.

ALAN G. BEU

Charonia mirabilis Parenzan. 1970: 156, fig. 3; pi. 32, fig. 615.

Charonia lampas weisbordi Gibson-Smith, 1976: 3, pi. 1. figs 1-5.

Murex lampas - Linn£, 1767: 1216 (in part).

Charonia lampas lampas - BEU, 1970a: 211, pi. 2, figs 6. 9. — HENNING & HEMMEN. 1993: 45. pi. 8, fig. 1

Charonia lampas subsp. - Beu. 1976: 299, lig. 8.

Charonia lampas - Wilson. 1993: 243. pi. 41. figs 15 a-b.

Triton nodiferum - KlENER, 1842: 29. pi. 1.

Triton nodiferus - Reeve. 1844a: pi. 3. fig. 9. — Tryon, 1880: 10. pi. 1. figs 2-3; pi. 3. fig. 17; pi. 4. fig. 23.

Triton nodifer - Watson, 1886:389. ,,

Triton australe - KlENER, 1842: 31. pi. 3, fig. I. —REEVE, 1842: 197. pi. 243, fig. I; 1844a: pi. 4. fig. 12a; pi. 5. fig. 12b — Hutton, 1873: 13.

Tritonium australis - HiriTON. 1880: 63.

Tritonium mediterranean! - ARNAUD. 1978: 125.

Triton ventricosum - Grateloup. 1840: pi. 29, fig. 17.

Triton variegatum - Philippi, 1836: 212.

Triton colubrinum - Grateloup. 1840: pi. 29, fig. 21.

Triton (Epidromus?) colubrinum - DE Gregorio. 1880: 101. pi. 4, fig. 19.

Triton saidiae - Krauss, 1848: 114.

Charonia lampas saidiae - HlRASE, 1936: 66. pi. 96. fig. I.

Charonia lampas saidiae - Beu. 1970a: 214, pi. 3. figs 15-17. — Henning & HEMMEN, 1993: 47. pi. 8, lig. 2.

Triton ranelliforme - Sismonda, 1847: 39.

Lotorium rubicimdum - Moss. 1908: 19. pi. 3, lower fig.

Septa rubicunda - Bucknill. 1924: 51. pi. 4. fig. 3.

Nyctilochus alfredensis - TuRTON. 1932: 111, pi. 24, fig. 804.

Charonia pustulata - Barnard. 1963:25, fig. 2 e. , _

Charonia lampas pustulata - BEU, 1970a: 213. pi. 2. figs 8. 10; pi. 3. figs 11-14. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 46, pi. 8, fig. 3.

Charonia lampas rubicunda - Beu, 1970a: 215. pi. 3, fig. 13; pi. 4, figs 18-23. — Arnaud & BF.UROIS; 1972: 870. pi. 2, figs 1-3. — Powell.

1979: 168. pi. 12. fig. 2. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 46. pi. 9. figs 1-3.

Charonia lampas capax - Beu. 1970a: 217. pi. 5, figs 24-29. — Powell. 1979: 168. pi. 12. fig. I.

Charonia capax - Penniket& Moon. 1970: 36, pi. 15, figs 1-3.

Charonia rubicunda - Penniket & Moon, 1970: 38. pi. 16. figs 1-4.

Charonia cf. nodifera - Gibson-Smith. 1971: 242, pi. 2, figs 1 -4.

Charonia rubicunda nodifera - COSEL, 1982: 54.

Charonia sauliae - Lai. 1989: 119. fig. 15.

Type data. — Many of the early-proposed nominal taxa listed in the synonymy do not, as yet. have

designated type specimens. Murex lampas : BEU (1970a: 211) designated the specimen figured by RONDELET (1555

[in 1554-55]: 81) as the lectotype of Murex lampas (by designating this as the "type figure"), but the whereabouts

of this specimen are unknown. Linne's Colin in London does not include a specimen of C. lampas. The Linne type

Colin of the Uppsala University Zoology Museum has two specimens segregated as syntypes of Murex lampas

but, as noted in the Introduction, these are specimens of Cymatium lotorium (UUZM Linne Colin no. 981) and

Cymatium grandimaculatum (UUZM Linne Colin no. 1618) and are not considered to be valid syntypes of Murex

lampas. The drawing by RONDELET (1555, in 1554-55: 81), repeated here (Fig. 21; left-hand fig. of two on the

page, specimen without animal; here inverted) is undoubtedly both a clear representation of Charonia lampas of

subsequent authors and a syntype of Murex lampas, and is here formally designated the lectotype of Murex lampas.

— Triton nodiferum: Lamarck's collection, in MHNG, contains a single large specimen identified as Triton

nodiferum inscribed inside the aperture by Lamarck, and this specimen (MHNG 1495/54; H 260) is here designated

the lectotype of Triton nodiferum , as well as the neotype of Tritonium opis. No localities (other than the

Mediterranean Sea) were stated for any of these three taxa, so the type locality is designated as Palermo, Sicily. —

Triton australe: 2 syntypes in Lamarck Colin, MHNG, both typical Sydney area. New South Wales, specimens of

the finely sculptured, short-spired form usually known in recent years as Charonia rubicunda or C. lampas

rubicunda. The larger syntype (MHNG 1099/71) is here designated the lectotype of Triton australe , and is also

designated the neotype of Septa rubicunda. This appears to be the specimen illustrated by KlENER (1842: pi. 3, fig.

1). The small, immature paralectotype is MHNG 1099/72. The type locality is here designated as Port Jackson, New

South Wales, Australia. — Tritonium mediterraneanr. ARNAUD (1978: 125) noted that the type material is

"presumed to be lost". — Triton sauliae: 1 syntype BMNH 1967597, ex Cuming Colin; labelled "Island of Luzon",

Philippines, but this form occurs only in southern Japan; the type locality is here designated as Miura Peninsula,

Honshu. Japan; the figured syntype is in the Jane Saul Colin. University Museum of Zoology, Cambridge (Bishop

& Way, 1976). — Triton pliniae: the species was illustrated in a poorly diagnostic dorsal view by Bellardi

(1873: pi. 14, fig. 3); two syntypes examined in the Mayer-Eymar collection. Naturhistorisches Museum Basel (H

5885) show that it was based on juvenile specimens of C. lampas. The type locality is Cassinelle, near Acqui,

northern Italy, "Ligurian", i.e.. Late Oligocene. — The status of Triton ranelliformis is unclear. MlCHELOTTl

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

(1847: 252) published a description, attributed the name to Sismonda, noted that this was Triton variegatum

"Lamarck" ot Bellardi & Michelotti's (1840) catalogue of Piedmont gastropods, and stated that "the change of

name was indicated to me by my friend Doct. E. Sismonda, in his manuscript in the form of notes, which he has

had the goodness to send me". Sismonda (1847: 39) also published the name, without a description, but with a

reference to "Sismonda, Atti congr. Nap.", suggesting he might have published the name in an earlier work. The

note by SISMONDA (1847: viii) that he had not listed unnamed species, as they were to be named by MlCHELOTTl

(1847), indicates that Sismonda felt he was the author of the name. The date and authorship deserve further

investigation. — Tritonium partschii was soon synonymised with C. lampcis (under the name Triton nodiferum) by

its author (HOERNES, 1852: 201), but I have not seen type material. — Septa englishi : holotype, bmnh Paleo.

G. 17371, Late Miocene (Tortonian), from near Bustenari, Roumania, an internal mould of Charonia larnpas. —

Charonia lampas var. euclia: holotype AMS C70728, from "100 fathoms" (180 m) in the Great Australian Bight,

off southern Western Australia. — Nyctilochus alfredensis : holotype, USNM 186785, an immature beach shell from

Port Alfred, South Africa, collected by Turton. — Charonia capax and Charonia capax euclioides : both dredged off

Otago, eastern South Island, New Zealand, holotypes in Auckland Institute and Museum (Powell, 1941: 244). —

Charonia euclia instructa : holotype AMS C57726, from "50-60 fathoms" (90-110 m), off Montague Island,

southern New South Wales. — Charonia powelli : holotype South Australian Museum D14517, Adelaide, from

Ellenbrook Beach, southern Western Australia. — Charonia sauliae macilenta : holotype NSMT 49895, from off

Cape Ashizuri, Shikoku, Japan. — Charonia lampas weisbordi : holotype PRI 29700, a Pliocene fossil from the

Mare Formation at Cabo Blanco, Venezuela.

Fig. 21. — Charonia lampas (Linne), lectotype; reproduction of figures by Rondelet (1555: 81) of two specimens, on

page cited by Linne for Mur ex lampas ; left-hand figure, without animal (inverted and in mirror image here) shows

specimen designated here as lectotype of Murex lampas Linne, 1758.

I have not seen type material of the other nominal taxa listed in the synonymy. Charonia mirabilis was

based on an unusual specimen of C. lampas with spines around the margin of the outer lip, and this trivial variant

was quickly synonymised with C. lampas by MELONE & Garavelli (1970).

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta. DW54. — calsub: dive 21 (Fig. 20 f). — smib 8: sia. DWI99.

255, Capel Bank (Fig. 20 e). These six specimens were collected in 235-410 m. and living ones in

Norfolk Ridge, smib 3: sta. DW 1 4 (Fig. 20 g). — smib 4: sta. D W53, 340-4 1 0 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Charonia lampas occurs throughout much of the warm-temperate to subtropical realm,

except the tropical Indo-West Pacific and Panamic western America. It is best known in the western Mediterranean

ALAN G. BEU

Sea. but is largely absent from the eastern Mediterranean, where it appears to be replaced by C. variegata. Cachia

et al. (1993) recorded it from Malta, where it is sympatric with C. variegata. In the eastern Atlantic, specimens are

not uncommon along the northwest African coast, and are known as far south as Angola and as far north as off

southwestern England (Turk. 1976). S. Gofas (MNHN; pers. comm.) reported that it is common off northwest

Africa, but extremely scarce south of there. A single specimen from St. Helena Island is present in MCZ (MCZ

258112, James Bay, A. Loveridge. 19 November 1964). A more startling record is an apparent antilessepsian

migrant (from the Mediterranean) in the Red Sea: USNM 702568, Sta. Dahlak-1. SCUBA-dived in 0-15 m, 15 48

N. 40°05' E, Dahlak Keber Islands, Red Sea, coll. J. Stiru, ex Smithsonian Mediterranean Marine Sorting Centre (a

large, pale, elongate specimen, H >300 mm). In recent years (i.e. since Clench & Turner's (1957) monograph of

Western Atlantic Ranellidae) it has become clear that C. lampas also occurs rarely along the Brazilian coast

(COELHO et al.. 1981: RlOS, 1985: 74, pi. 26, fig. 324: "Santa Catarina to Bahia"). The Caribbean Pliocene record

of C. lampas (as weisbordi , named from Venezuela; present also in the Late Miocene of the Dominican Republic;

one unlocalised specimen from the Pliocene or Pleistocene of Florida present in A. Olsson Colin, USNM) indicates

that it formerly had a wider range in the western Atlantic. In South Africa, C. lampas occurs from False Bay, Cape

of Good Hope, to the northern coast of Natal (KlLBURN & RiPPEY, 1982: 73). ARNAUD & BEUROIS (1972) recorded

C. lampas from St Paul and Amsterdam Islands, southern Indian Ocean. In Australia, C. lampas occurs from Jurien

Bay in southern Western Australia all around the southern and eastern coasts to Swain Reefs, outer Great Barrier

Reef off central Queensland (WILSON, 1993: 243), but it is most familiar as the intertidal "red whelk", feeding on

the ascidian Pyura on wave-washed rocky shores, on the central New South Wales coast near Sydney. It occurs all

around the two main islands of New Zealand and at the Chatham Islands, dredged and SCUBA-dived on subtidal

rocky shores and soft substrates, and in the northern North Island occurs uncommonly on intertidal rocky shores.

Recent Museum of New Zealand collections from the Kermadec Islands show that it occurs moderately commonly

at Raoul Island, but I have not seen specimens from Norfolk or Lord Howe Islands. The few new records from New

Caledonia and a single juvenile from Capel Bank, Coral Sea. are listed above. These are separated by a huge

distance from which no adult specimens have ever been reported (although the larval population may well occupy it

sparsely) from the Japanese form. In Japan, C. lampas occurs from Taiwan (see the excellent coloured illustration

by Lai, 1989: 119, fig. 15) at least as far north as Miura Peninsula, southern Honshu (Oyama & Takemura,

1959); the pale, offshore " macilenta " form was described by Habe (1964: 75) as "rather commonly dredged from

150-200 m from Kii Peninsula, Honshu and Tosa Bay, Shikoku".

Dimensions. — Largest New Caledonian specimen, calsub dive 21: H 176.0, D 85.4. - Coral Sea,

MUSORSTOM 5: sta. 255: H 23.9, D 12.0 (protoconch missing).

Remarks. —This rather variable and very widespread species has received an enormous number of names,

probably exceeded only by those applied to Ranella olearium (Linne, 1758) and Cymatium parthenopeum. While I

have not examined the type material of most of the forms named from the European Cenozoic, it is clear from their

original figures that most names included above were based on juvenile specimens or trivial sculptural variants of

C. lampas. The above synonymy includes only actual synonyms, some recent works with good illustrations, and

detailed New Zealand references.

Charonia lampas is a rather surprising new record for New Caledonia, based on no fewer than five large

specimens, together with a juvenile specimen from Capel Bank. Coral Sea. In Australasia, the local geographic

race of Charonia lampas (usually known in recent years as C. lampas rubicunda; BEU, 1970a) is very much a

temperate taxon, occurring fairly commonly around both main islands of New Zealand, commonly around southern

Australia, as far north as Fremantle in western Australia and southern Queensland on the east coast; a small number

of specimens has been collected at the Kermadec Islands. Interestingly. C. lampas was recorded from New Caledonia

(as Tritonium nodiferum) by Euthyme (1889: 227, footnote) who. however, noted that "we have received it from

New Caledonia absolutely conforming to the type from the Mediterranean". As was noted in the Introduction, this

implies he had a brightly coloured, shallow-water specimen, and therefore that his specimen probably was wrongly

localised.

This species is a good example of the taxonomic complexities that arise from attempting to recognise local

races as formal geographic subspecies. The geographic races have been named on the basis of shallow-water forms,

whereas specimens from relatively deep water (ca 100-300 m) around these same areas are all closely similar to each

other all around the world, i.e. the diagnostic characters are displayed only by shallow-water specimens. The forms

named euclia and instructa in Australia, euclioides in New Zealand, and macilenta in Japan are virtually

indistinguishable, being pale (many are plain cream or white), very elongate, thin-shelled, weakly sculptured shells.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELL1DAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

This is clearly ecophenotypic rather than genetic variation. It is not surprising, then, to find that the New

Caledonian specimens (all collected at between 230 and 410 m) are this elongate, pale, weakly sculptured "deep¬

water form", and arc not identifiable to subspecies. For this reason, the utility of subspecies is called severely into

question; the names provided by many authors over the last 230 years are listed in the synonymy (although the

innumerable other usages, combinations, and listings by numerous other authors have not been included) to stress

my opinion that geographic subspecies serve little purpose in most of the widely distributed Ranellidae. Geo¬

graphic subspecies recognised for other taxa in this report are regarded as an interim measure, reflecting an uncertain

status - some will prove to be valid species, whereas others will be synonymised when their true status is known.

That individuals of Charonia lampas are occasionally able to survive as planktonic larvae so far from

breeding populations to the southwest, and to metamorphose and grow to adulthood (the CALSUB dive 21 specimen,

collected alive in 340 m, is 176 mm high; Fig. 20 f) is interesting for its significance in dispersal: it makes it

conceivable that larvae are (if only rarely) exchanged between the Japanese, Australasian. South African, West

African and Brazilian populations of C. lampas. At the time I first wrote on C. lampas (BEU, 1970a) no definite

pre-Pleistocene fossils had been recorded in the Pacific, but now at least three Late Miocene specimens have been

recorded from Japan (Iwasaki, 1970: 419. pi. 2, fig. 6; Shikama, 1973: 198, pi. 16, fig. 21: Ozawa &

Tomida, 1992: 431, pi. 59. fig. 4), a latest Miocene specimen has been recorded from New Zealand (Beu, 1976:

fig. 8) and now a very well preserved, undoubted, but juvenile specimen can be recorded from the Balcombian

(Middle Miocene) Fyansford Formation at Fossil Beach, Mornington, near Melbourne, Australia (Figs 20 b, d;

AMS Cl67135; H 35.2, D 19.6). This fossil record makes it feasible that C. lampas entered the Pacific during

Middle Miocene time, from Europe (where it has a history since at least the Late Eocene; see references, under

Charonia generic synonymy, above, to Triton (Semiranella) gemmellari and T. valrovinensis, both based on

European Eocene specimens I attribute to C. lampas ), presumably as part of the late Tethyan fauna. Charonia

tritonis also has a Pacific history dating from the Miocene (" Triton sp. 3", unfigured, of K. Martin's collections,

RMNH 9810, from Tji Boerial, Java, Preangerian, is a large spire of C. tritonis , H 134.8, D 70.7) so it is

conceivable that C. lampas initially spread throughout the central Pacific, but was unable to compete with the

larger C. tritonis and became limited to the Indo-Pacific fringes, in South Africa, Australasia and Japan. This type

of history seems likely for several other "Pacific fringe" species ( e.g . Cymatium exaratum , discussed below; C.

parthenopeum) whose ecological space appears to be occupied in the tropical Pacific by closely similar congeners

(C. vespaceum , in the case of C. exaratum; C. pileare in the case of C. parthenopeum).

Many trivial Recent varieties (of no taxonomic significance) of Charonia lampas were proposed by DE

Gregorio (1884, 1885, 1893). In the earliest of these papers, DE Gregorio (1884: 99) referred to three of these

varieties having been proposed earlier in "mia nota 'Quelques formes nouvelles du Tr. gyrinoides Brocc. de la

Mediterranee’ pubblicata nelle memorie della Societa malacologica belga", but I have been unable to find such a

work in this journal.

An aspect of the synonymy listed here for Charonia lampas that has drawn negative comments from

reviewers is the synonymising of many forms described on the basis of European fossils with the Recent near¬

cosmopolitan C. lampas. MAGNE & VERGNEAU-SAUBADE (1973) distinguished two species in the Aquitaine

Basin, C. ventricosa [= crassum = salhriacense = aperturale] and C. gyrinoides [= nodiferum , i.e ., C. lampas of the

present report]. P. Lozouet (MNHN; pers. comm.) has expressed his opinion that at least these two species arc

distinct. In contrast, comparison of large numbers of fossil and Recent specimens of C. lampas (sensu lato) over

more than 30 years, examination of the type specimens of many of the listed synonyms, and examination of the

original figures of all the other synonyms indicate to me that the listed fossil nominal taxa all fall within the range

of variation of the world Recent population. In my opinion, there is no doubt that this is a single, variable. Eocene

to Recent species.

Genus Cymatium Roding, 1798

Cymatium Roding. 1798: 129. Type species (SD by Dall. 1904: 133): Murex femorale Linne, 1758, Recent,

Western Atlantic.

Lotorium Montfort. 1810: 583. Type species (by monotypy): Lotorium lotor Montfort, 1810 [= Murex femorale

Linne, 1758].

Tritocurrus Lesson, 1842: column 65. Type species (by monotypy): Trito currus [s/c] amphytridis Lesson, 1842 [=

Triton tigrinum Broderip, 1833], Recent. Panamic western America.

Nyctilochus Gistel, 1848: xi. Type species (SD by BEU. 1970a: 206): Triton tigrinum Broderip, 1833.

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 22. — Putative syntypes of Linnean species (here considered not to be valid syntypes) in the Linnean type collection

of the Uppsala University Zoological Museum (UUZM) (photographs by Dr A.Waren. Stockholm). — a-c,

specimens identified as syntypes of Murex lotorium Linne. 1758. a. Cymatium (Ranularia) pyrum (Linne),

specimen with incompletely secreted outer lip. UUZM Linne coll. no. 301; height 100 mm. b. C. pyrum , UUZM

Linne coll. no. 899a; height 87 mm. c. Cymatium (Cymatium) femorale (Linne), type species of Cymatium

Roding, 1798. UUZM Linne coll. no. 899b: height 89 mm.— d, Cymatium (Ranularia) cynocephalum (Lamarck,

1816), specimen identified as syntype of Murex pyrum Linne. 1758, UUZM Linne coll. no. 853; height 77 mm. —

e-f. specimens identified as syntypes of Murex lampas Linn6, 1758. e. Cymatium (Lotoria) grandimaculatum

(Reeve, 1844), with label " lampas " glued inside outer lip: UUZM Linne coll. no. 1618; height 88 mm. f,

Cymatium (Lotoria) lotorium (Linne, 1758), UUZM Linne coll. no. 981; height 47 mm.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSON!DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Remarks. — The limits and definitions of genera and/or subgenera related to Cymatium have long been a

taxonomic problem. Usages over the years have ranged from that of Kesteven (1902), who thought all ranellids

should be included in the one genus Lotorium, to the approach of IREDALE (1929, 1936) who used all subgenera of

the present paper as full genera, and subdivided some of them into further genera. I have previously (particularly in

Beu & Cernohorsky, 1986) tried to follow a "middle road", recognising a few of the most distinctive groups

( e.g. Linatella) as genera, and most others as subgenera of Cymatium. The continuing search for firm, objective

characters to distinguish genera and subgenera has led to a reassessment of some of the classification adopted

earlier.

All my experience of research on Ranellidae has convinced me that Cymatium is a very large genus of

several subtly differentiated subgenera. Distinctive characters of the genus are its tall, narrow protoconch of several

whorls, with a clearly differentiated protoconch 1 and II, and with a secondary conchiolin protoconch pasted over the

primary conchiolin and secondary aragonite one by a specialised pallial appendage (Bandel et al.. 1994); its

prominent periostracum with, in most species, thin, tall, axial lamellae fringed with long bristles, extending along

the crests of either teleoconch axial costae, or varices, or both; and its radula having a central tooth much wider

than it is high, with numerous denticles on the cutting edge on each side of the central cusp. All living animals I

have examined have brightly coloured, large, ringed spots on the head-foot. ORR (1985: 97) illustrated a living

animal of Cymatium pyrum with large red-brown spots, each ringed with yellow, over the entire head-foot and

cephalic tentacles. This is the sole published record 1 am aware of of external animal characters of a C. (Ranularia)

species, and it differs from the exterior of the C. (Monoplex) pileare head-foot (Orr, 1985: 98) only in colour.

Claude Berthault (ORSTOM, Noumea) recently sent me colour photographs of living animals of several New

Caledonian Ranellidae, demonstrating that C. (Ranularia) sarcostoma also has red-brown ringed spots on the head-

foot, and both C. (Monoplex) nicobaricum and C. (Monoplex) vespaceum have blue-grey ringed spots on the head-

foot. The ringed spots are evidently a generic character of Cymatium, and appear to differ consistently in colour

between at least some subgenera. By these criteria Charonia , Cabestana and Sassia are genera distinct from

Cymatium , but all other formally distinguished groups of present-day Cymatiinae are subgenera of Cymatium. The

most similar genus in teleoconch shell characters is Cabestana which, however, differs markedly from Cymatium

by its short, turbiniform protoconch, its much less bristly periostracum, and its eq tridimensional central radular

tooth. Cabestana seems to be a separate offshoot from Sassia, differing from it only in its larger size, its more

elaborate periostracum, and its more inflated, Cymatium- like teleoconch, and is not related to Cymatium in any

direct phylogenetic way.

Subgenera I conclude can be recognised in Cymatium are reviewed here:

(1) Cymatium (Cymatium): of large size (200-300 mm long, or more), with a short spire, a large, capacious

last whorl, a relatively short anterior canal, and a small, very narrow, almost vestigial operculum (i.e.

much smaller than the aperture) with an abapically terminal nucleus.

(2) Cymatium (Gelagna): of medium size, with evenly inflated, highly convex whorls, essentially no axial

sculpture, only a terminal varix developed on most specimens, sculpture of smooth, narrow, widely spaced,

well raised spiral cords, the periostracum developed in living specimens into an enormous, alga-like fringe

along the terminal varix, and an oval operculum with a subcentral nucleus.

(3) Cymatium (Gutturnium): with heavily calloused apertural lips and a moderately long anterior canal, and so

resembling some C. (Ranularia) species, from which it differs in its abapically terminal (rather than

subcentral) opercular nucleus. Contains only the one species, C. muricinum ; perhaps to be included in C.

(Monoplex).

(4) Cymatium (Linatella): with thin, inflated, Tonna-Yike teleoconch (i.e.. with a low spire and subspherical.

capacious last whorl), only a terminal varix developed on most specimens, a moderately short spire and

anterior canal, a shoulder angulation on the whorls, sculpture of low, wide, closely spaced spiral cords, and

an oval operculum with a subcentral nucleus. Although I have previously treated Linatella as a distinct

genus, it is now clear that it contains only the single species C. cutaceum and differs from other Cymatium

subgenera in only subtle characters.

(5) Cymatium (Lotoria): relatively large (150-C.200 mm long), with a smaller aperture than in Cymatium

(sensu stricto), a short spire, a moderately long anterior canal, one or two large, distinctive black patches on

the inner apertural lip, and an oval, relatively large operculum (i.e. one that closes the aperture on retraction

into the shell) with an abapically terminal nucleus. Some species (e.g. C. grandimaculatum) resemble C.

(Ranularia) species in all characters other than the position of the opercular nucleus.

Fig. 23. — Cymatium species. — a Cymatium (Monoplex) nicobaricum (Roding), expedition montrouzier: sta. 1303.

Plateau Karembe, Secteur de Koumac, New Caledonia. 0-8 m. x 1. — b. Cymatium (Gelagna) pallidum (Parth).

NZGS WM13283, Masirah I., Oman, xl.5. — c, Cymatium (Monoplex) gemmatum (Reeve), LAGON: sta. 458,

Atoll de Surprise. 40 m. New Caledonia, x2. — d, Cymatium (Gutturnium) muricinum (Roding), EXPEDITION

MONTROUZIER: sta. 1304, Infernet Channel, Secteur de Koumac, New Caledonia, 12-15 m, xl. — e. Cymatium

(Gelagna) succinctum (Linne), NZGS WM 15008, Mactan I., Cebu, Philippines, xl. — f. Cymatium (Monoplex)

fittkaui Parth, MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW187, north of New Caledonia, 65-120 m, xl.5. — g, Cymatium

(Monoplex) tenuiliratum (Lischke), SMIB 8: sta. DW154, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 235-252 m, xl. — h,

Cymatium (Reticutriton) pfeifferianum (Reeve), EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1261, Touho Channel, New

Caledonia, 45-56 m, xl.25. — i. Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams), MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW187, north

of New Caledonia. 65-120 m, xl.5. — j, Cymatium (Monoplex) penniketi sp.nov., holotype MNHN (ex NZGS

WM 13281), Masirah I., Oman, xl.5.— k. Cymatium (Monoplex) vespaceum (Lamarck), LAGON: sta. 966, New

Caledonia, xl.25. — I, Cymatium (Septa) occidentale (Morch), CHALCAL I: sta. P15, Chesterfield-Bellona

Plateau. Coral Sea. x2. — m. Cymatium (Monoplex) thersites (Reeve), NZGS WM 15537, Exmouth, Western

Australia, xl.25.— n, Cymatium (Monoplex) exaratum (Reeve), LAGON: sta. 334, Grand Recif Sud, New

Caledonia, 47 m. xl.25. — o, Cymatium (Septa) mixtum Arthur & Garcia-Talavera, NZGS WM 15270,

Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, xl.5.— p, Cymatium (Septa) hepaticum (Roding), expedition MONTROUZIER: sta. 1290,

intertidal, Paagoumene, New Caledonia, xl.25. — q. Cymatium (Septa) rubeculum (Linne), EXPEDITION

MONTROUZIER: sta. 1245, intertidal. Grand Recif Mengalia, New Caledonia, xl.25.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

(6) Cymatium (Monoplex): much the largest group of generalised Cymatium species, with quite small to

moderately large shells (30 to 200 mm high), periostraca bearing fringed axial lamellae on many prominent

axial costae, varices present all down the teleoconch at each 240° growth pause in most species (but

irregular, or only the terminal varix present, in a few species), and an operculum with an abapically

terminal nucleus. This definition incorporates into C. ( Monoplex) the group of smaller species, related to

C. vespaceum and C. exaratum , for which I REDALE (1936: 307) proposed Cabestanimorpha but which, in

recent years, most authors have included in C. (Turritriton).

(7) Cymatium (Ranularia): with a small to moderately large shell (c. 50-150 mm high), a short to very short

spire but moderately long to very long anterior siphonal canal, and an operculum with a nucleus that is

subcentral to (in most species) situated near the centre of the inner-lip margin.

(8) Cymatium (Reticutriton): of moderate size (70-100 mm high), moderately to very elongate, with highly

convex whorls, and sculpture of many narrow, well raised, closely spaced spiral cords crossed by many

similarly spaced but lower and narrower axial costae; numerous (10-12) narrow, closely spaced ridges inside

the outer lip; operculum oval with an abapically terminal nucleus; both included living species have a

multiwhorled but relatively low, widely conical protoconch.

(9) Cymatium (Septa): a distinctive group of uniform species of moderately small size (40 to 70 mm high),

with prominent spiral cords but only low, narrow axial costellae, evenly fusiform shells, varices present all

down the teleoconch at each 240° growth pause, a small, short protoconch for the genus, a brightly

coloured or (in most species) spirally banded teleoconch colour pattern, and an operculum with an

abapically terminal nucleus.

(10) Cymatium (Turritriton): limited here to the species with three threads on each spiral cord (trifid ribs),

reviewed by Bel & Knudsen (1987). The subgenus includes the smallest species of Cymatium (c. 20-50

mm high), with relatively short protoconchs for the genus, and an oval operculum with an abapically

terminal nucleus. C. (Turritriton) labiosum has a highly distinctive radula (BEU, 1968a: fig. 21 f; Bandel,

1984: fig. 158; pi. 10, fig. 2) with a central tooth that is taller than it is wide, with a tall, narrow, waisted

basal plate not reported from any other Ranellidae and, although this seems likely to be a subgeneric

character, the radula has not been described for either of the other living species, C. gibbosum (Broderip,

1833) and C. kobelti (Maltzan, 1884).

Subgenus Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869

Lagena "Klein" Morch, 1852: 110. Type species (SD by Dall, 1904: 139): Triton clandestine Lamarck, 1816 [=

Murex succinctus Linne, 1771], Miocene to Recent, Indo-West Pacific and Atlantic, (not Lagena Walker &

Boys, 1784 [Foraminifera], nec Lagena Roding, 1798, nec Lagena Schumacher, 1817).

Gelagna Schaufuss, 1869: 3. Type species (SD by Iredale, 1917: 325): Triton clandestine Lamarck, 1816 1=

Murex succinctus Linne, 1771).

Paralagena Dali, 1904: 132. Replacement name for Lagena Morch, 1852, preoccupied.

REMARKS. — As noted above, the subgenus Cymatium (Gelagna) contains species with evenly and

strongly inflated whorls, virtually no axial sculpture, and spiral sculpture of prominent, narrow, rather widely

spaced, smooth spiral cords. There is no reported fossil record, and the subgenus contains only the two species

reviewed here, the widespread C. succinctum and the recently described East African species C. pallidum.

Cymatium (Gelagna) pallidum (Parth, 1996)

Figs 23 b, 24 d-j

Linatella (Gelagna) pallida Parth, 1996: 303, figs 2 a-c.

Li no tel la (Gelagna) n. sp. - Bosch et al.. 1995: 101. Fig. 365.

Type data. — Holotype: Zoologische Staatsammlung Munchen, nr. 1996 484, from "deep water" north

of Mogadishu, Somalia; 3 paratypes from same locality, one from Fort Dauphin, Madagascar, and I from Tulear,

Madagascar, in Colin M. Parth (Parth, 1996).

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 24. — Cymatium (Gelagna) species.— a-c. Cymatium (Gelagna) succinctum (Linne), lectotype. in Linnean Society

collection, London, a, c. x2. b. interior of outer lip, showing Linne's inscription, x4; BMNH photos by Paul

Lund. — d-j, Cymatium (Gelagna) pallidum (Parth). all xl.5. d-f. NMP D4453, Mbotyi. Transkei, South Africa,

coll. Mrs Quickleberg. g. nmp D3014, Mzamba, Transkei, South Africa, h, NZGS WM14910, Grand Recif de

Tulcar, Madagascar, i-j. nzgs WM 13283. Masirah I., Oman.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE. BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Other material examined. — South Africa. Mzamba,

Transkei. beach drift, coll. R. Kilbum & D. Herbert. May 1986 (6

nmp D3014; Fig. 24 g). — Same locality, coll. R. Kilbum, 1969 (2

nmp 4626). —Same locality, coll. R. Kilbum & R. Fregona, June

1982 (2 NMP B4473). — Same locality, coll. W. Massicr (1 nzgs

WM 1512). — Mbotyi, Transkei. beach, coll. R. Kilbum & D.

Herbert. May-June 1985 (5 nmp C8I25). — Mbotyi. Transkei,

beach, coll Mrs Quickleberg, july 1978 (6 nmp D4453; Figs 24 d-f).

— Port Shepstone. Natal, coll. H.C. Burnup, 1916 (1 nmp D7150). —

Port Shepstone. Natal, coll. Falcon (2 nmp 5796). — Sezela. Natal,

coll. H.C. Burnup (1 nmp 181). — Two Mile Reef. Sodwana Bay,

Zululand, dived 10-13 m, coll. D. Herbert. 13 September 1987

(1 nmp E373).

Madagascar. Grand Recif de Tulear. after hurricane, coll. M.

BI ocher (4 nzgs WM14910, Fig. 24 h; I ams C202738; I MNHN).

Somalia. Off Somalia. East Africa, from native fishermen. Bozzetti

Colin (2).

Oman. Masirah 1.. south coast of Oman, beach, coll. Don & Eloise

Bosch (14 nzgs WM 13283. including specimen figured by Beu

& Cernohorsky, 1986: 259, figs 30-31; 1 usnm 880166. Figs 23 b,

24 i-j).

Distribution. — Apparently confined to Madagascar and the coasts of East Africa and southeastern

Arabia, from Transkei. South Africa, to Oman. Drivas & Jay (1988: 62) illustrated a typical specimen of C.

succinctum from Reunion Island, and C. pallidum apparently has not been collected in the Red Sea. India. Sri

Lanka, or Western Australia. The wam collection includes two specimens of C. succinctum from Western

Australia (East Montaliver Islet. NW Australia, one large; Barrow I..Western Australia, one) but no material of C.

pallidum.

DIMENSIONS. —Somalia, Bozzetti Colin, largest seen: H 50.7, D 30.4. - NMP 5796: H 39.7, D 25.3. -

NMP D3014: H 43.2, D 26.8. - NZGS WMI3283: H 37.7, D 24.0.

Remarks. — This species was intended to be described as new here, and the figures have been retained for

comparison with C. succinctum. Cymatium pallidum differs from the much more widely distributed C. succinctum

by having a unicoloured exterior, lacking the markedly darker coloration of the spiral cords that is so obvious in C.

succinctum ; by its shorter and wider form, caused mainly by its spire being much lower and its whorls more

strongly convex than those of C. succinctum ; in apparently having a shorter anterior canal (the canal is slightly to

severely damaged in all available material of C. pallidum ); and in having a much lower and wider terminal varix

than that of C. succinctum. It is interesting to note that, although the external coloration is so uniform in C.

pallidum , the coloration of the interior of the outer lip is identical to that of C. succinctum. The shape and

coloration of adult C. pallidum closely resemble those of juvenile (H<20 mm) C. succinctum , suggesting the

possibility that C. pallidum arose from C. succinctum by a heterochronic process such as paedomorphosis.

Cymatium (Gelagna) succinctum (Linne, 1771)

Figs 23 e, 24 a-c

Murex succinctus Linne, 1771: 551.

Neptunea doliata Roding, 1798: 116.

Triton clandestinum Lamarck, 1816: pi. 433, fig. 1; "Liste des objets", p. 8.

Triton conjinis Brancsik, 1896: 211, pi. 5, figs 1 a-b.

Murex succinctus - Hanley. 1855: 456.

Argobuccinum succinctum - Hedley, 1908: 456.

Gelagna succincta - Ripping ALE & McMichael, 1963: 63. pi. 6. fig. 28. — Abbott & Dance, 1982: 125. — Salvat et at., 1988: 103. pi. 13.

fig. 5. — Lai, 1989: 126, fig. 52.

Cymatium (Linatella) succinctum - Bernard. 1984: 60, pi. 22. fig. 94.

Linatella (Gelagna) succincta - Beu& Cernohorsky, 1986: 257, figs 28-33. — Rios. 1985: 77. pi. 27, fig. 338. — Springsteen & Leobrera,

1986: 112, pi. 30, fig. 15. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 110. pi. 20, figs 5-6.

Cymatium (Gelagna) succinctum - Wilson. 1993: 244. pi. 41. fig. 3.

Buccinum caudatum var. p - Gmelin, 1791: 3471.

Murex clandestine - Dillwyn. 1817: 723.

Triton clandestinum - Lamarck. 1822: 187. — Kiener, 1842: 35, pi. II. fig. 2. — Deshayes, 1843: 639.

Triton clandestine - Reeve, 1842: 197, pi. 243, fig. 2. — Reeve. 1844a: pi. 4, fig. 13. — K0 ster& Kobelt. 1871: 184. pi. 52, figs 5-6.

Ranularia (Lagena) clandestine - MOrch, 1852: 110.

Tritonium (Gelagna) clandestinum - Schaufuss. 1869: 29.

Triton (Linatella) clandestine - Kobelt, 1878a: 248. — Tryon, 1880: 15. pi. 9. fig. 58.

Tritonium (Lagena) clandestinum - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 37.

Gelagna clandestina - Hirase, 1936: 66. pi. 96. fig. 2. — Habe. 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 12; 1964: 72. pi. 22. fig. 12.

Cymatium clandestinum - Kuroda& Habe, 1952: 51. — Weaver, 1966: 108. pi. 27, bottom right two figs.

Cymatium (Linatella) clandestinum - Kilias. 1973: 125. fig. 91. — Kay. 1979: 220, fig. 79 A. — Bernard. 1981: 17. right fig.

Linatella clandestina - Cernohorky. 1967a: 325, pi. 46, fig. 26. — Bosch et a!.. 1982: 80. lower fig.

Gelagna cynocephala - Habe& Kosuge, 1966a: 61. pi. 24. fig. 5.

ALAN G. BEU

Type data. — Murex succinctus: at the time of writing their paper, BEU & Cernohorsky (1986) were

not aware that Linne's collection reported on in Regni animalis appendix to Mantissa plantarum (LlNNE. 1771) is

housed by the Linnean Society of London. Through the courtesy of Solene Morris (formerly of BMNH). have

received photographs (Figs 24 a-c) of the single specimen in Linne's Colin in London identified as Murex

succinctus: clearly this is the species usually known by this name or. more commonly, as Cymatium

clandestinum. The interior of the outer lip is inscribed "succincta B.3: 47" (Fig. 24 b) so there is no doubt this is

an authentic Linnean specimen. This specimen in Linne's Colin is here designated the lectotype of Murex

succinctus The tvpe locality is here designated as Bohol I.. Philippine Islands. Two further paralectotypes of

Murex succinctus are present in the Linne Colin in the Uppsala University Zoological Museum (UUZM nos. 1565

a & b' WALLIN 1993- 79). — Neptunea doliata: as noted previously (Beu & Cernohorsky, 1986), Roding

( 1798) provided'the name Neptunea doliata for GMELIN's (1791: 3471) variety (3 of Buccinum caudatum. and

RODlNG's cited figure (LISTER, 1685-1697: pi. 940. fig. 36) clearly shows Cymatium succinctum. As no type

specimens are known for any of Roding's species, the specimen in Linne's Colin, housed by the Linnean Society

of London, designated above as the lectotype of Murex succinctus , is also here designated the neotype of Neptunea

doliata. — Triton clandestinum : Lamarck's (1816) species is represented in MHNG by the lectotype, designated by

Beu & Cernohorsky (1986: 258) (mhng 1100/16/2). and two paralectotypes (mhng 110/16/1. 110/16/3), all or

which are conspecific with Cymatium succinctum. — Triton confinis: BRANCS1K (1896) stated that his material

(holotype ?; syntypes ?) is in "Musei budapestini"; not seen. His drawing (repeated by BEU & CERNOHORSKY,

1986: 259. fig. 33) clearly shows Cymatium succinctum. The type locality is Astrolabe Bay, Papua New Guinea.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 572.65 m. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1299. 12-14 m.

Distribution. — The Red Sea. and the central and eastern Indian Ocean; throughout the tropical western

Pacific from Okinawa (BEU & Cernohorsky. 1986: 258) southward to Fitzroy Island, southern Queensland.

Australia, and to New Caledonia, eastward to Hawaii (Weaver. 1966; Kay, 1979; Beu & Cernohorsky, 1986:

258), and the Galapagos Islands (Emerson, 1991: 68); West Africa, so far recorded only from Gabon (Bernard,

1981. 1984); in the Western Atlantic recorded only from Bahia. Brazil (Rios, 1985: 77. pi. 27. fig. 338).

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, lagon; sta. 572: H 21.0. D 12.9. - Mactan 1.. Cebu. Philippines, nzgs

WM 15008 (Fig. 23 e): H 31.8, D 62.3. - Up to at least 101.1 mm high (PARTH. 1996: fig. I a). Maximum size

recorded in New Caledonia 49.8 mm (Prigent, 1994a).

REMARKS. — This species is easily recognised by its evenly and strongly convex whorls, its sculpture

being strongly dominated by bright red-brown, raised, narrow spiral cords on a paler brown background, without

axial costae, and by having only a terminal varix on all but a very few specimens. It also reaches a much larger size

than C. pallidum. Two specimens are present in the collections from New Caledonia.

Subgenus Gvtturnium Morch, 1852

Gutturnium Morch, 1852: 109. Type species (SD by Dale. 1904: 133): Triton tuberosum Lamarck. 1822 1=

Distorsio muricina Roding. 1798]. Miocene to Recent. Indo-West Pacific and E. & W. Atlantic.

Afrocanidea Connolly, 1929: 178. Type species (OD): Afrocanidea gemma Connolly, 1929 [= Distorsio muricina

Roding. 1798). Recent. Indian Ocean? (see below).

REMARKS. — When CONNOLLY described Afrocanidea, he placed it with doubt in the lamily Buccinidae.

and compared it with the south-east Asian brackish- and fresh-water buccinid genus Canidia H. Adams, 1862 |=

Clea A. Adams, 1855]. The holotype was said to come from Shimbi Hills. Kenya. Afrocanidea has remained a

mystery taxon, and authors have erred on its relationships with Clea: treated with doubt as a subgenus by THIELE

(1929: 317) and Wenz (1943: 1205), as a valid subgenus by Starobogatov (1970: 44). and placed in its

synonymy by Vaught (1989: 47). However, workers on the non-marine mollusc faunas of East Africa have

recently doubted its continental origin. Brown (1980: 13; see also Brown. 1994: 14) hypothesized that it was a

"shell of marine origin carried far inland by people", an opinion echoed by VERDCOURT (1983: 205) who treated it

as "probably a displaced marine shell". Examination by P. Bouchet (com. pers.) of the holotype (Fig. 25) reveals

that it is the larval shell of Cymatium muricinum. The name of the type species was given by Connolly as

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Afrocanidea gemmula , but it was described and illustrated as A. gemma, and it has been refered to in the literature

under that name.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) muricinum (Roding, 1798)

Figs 23 d, 25

Distorsio muricina Roding, 1798: 133.

Tritonium nodulus Link, 1807: 122.

Triton tuberosum Lamarck, 1822: 185.

Ranella gyrinata Risso, 1826: 203, pi. 8, fig. 115.

Triton crispus Reeve, 1844a: pi. 17, fig. 68.

Triton antillarum d'Orbigny, 1842: 161, pi. 23, fig. 20.

Triton pyriformis Conrad. 1849: 211.

Litiopa obesa C.B. Adams. 1850: 71.

Triton production Gould, 1852: 240.

Triton albocingulatus Deshayes, 1863: El 13.

Afrocanidea gemma Connolly, 1929: 178.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) muricinum - Clench & Turner, 1957: 225. pi. 112, Figs 5-6: pi. 113. fig:'8; pi. 126, figs 1-3: pi. 127. — Abbott.

1974: 165, pi. 7, fig. 1764 .—Kay, 1979: 217, fig. 77 E. — Beu, 1985: 58, fig. 13. —Rios, 1985: 75, pi.27. fig. 327. — Springsteen

& Leobrera. 1986: 112. pi. 30. fig. 12. — Garcia-Talavera. 1987: 252. pi. 1. fig. 6. — Lai. 1989: 119. fig. 16. — Henning &

Hemmen, 1993: 53, pi. 11. figs 4-5. —Wilson, 1993: 244. pi. 41, fig. 6.

Gutturnium muricinum - Habe, 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 10: 1964: 72. pi. 22. fig. 10. — Wilson & GlLLETT, 1971: 78. pi. 53. figs 4-4 a.

Cymatium muricinum - Weaver. 1966: 108. pi. 27. central 2 figs — Hinton. 1972: 12. pi. 6. figs 12-14. — Salvat & Rives. 1975: 306. fig.

174. _Hinton, 1978: 29, fig. 5. — Garcia-Talavera. 1981: I ll.pl. 4. fig. 3. — Shori & Poiter. 1987: pi. 23, fig. 9. — Drivas &

Jay. 1988:64, pi. 17. fig. 6. — Salvat et al.. 1988: 102, pi. 13, fig. 1.

Tritonium (Ranularia) nodulus "Martini" - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 35.

Triton tuberosum - KiENF.R. 1842: 12. pi. 14. fig. 2. — Deshayes, 1843: 635.

Triton tuberosus - Reeve, 1844a: pi. 1, figs I a-b.

Triton (Gutturnium) tuberosus - Kobelt, 1878a: 361. — Tryon, 1880: 23, pi. 13, figs I 11-113.

Tritonium (Gutturnium) tuberosum - Martin, 1884: 129.

Cymatium tuberosum - Edmondson, 1946: 142. fig. 61 f.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) tuberosum - WlSSEMA, 1947: 151.

Ranella gyrinata - Arnaud, 1978: 119.

Triton crispus - Reeve. 1844c: 118.

Triton (Gutturnium) crispus - Tryon. 1880: 24, pi. 13. fig. 114.

Triton production - JOHNSON. 1964: 132.

Triton (Gutturnium) mauritianum - Tryon, 1880: 24.

Cymatium (Ranularia) gutturnium - Ladd. 1982: 41. pi. 7. figs 9-10.

TYPE DATA. — Triton tuberosum : 3 syntypes MHNG 1100/4, labelled "Oc. Indien"; the syntype with the

most completely calloused aperture (MHNG 1100/4/2; the original of KlENER, 1842: pi. 14. fig. 2) is here

designated the lectotype of Triton tuberosum and is also here designated the neotype of both Distorsio muricina and

Tritonium nodulus. The type locality is here designated as Ambon Island (Amboina), Indonesia. — Ranella

gyrinata : supposedly from the Mediterranean, lectotype designated by Arnaud (1978: 119) in MNHN, a typical

specimen of Cymatium muricinum. — Triton crispus: holotype BMNH 196739, without locality, a typical juvenile

specimen of Cymatium muricinum. — Triton antillarum: 2 syntypes, BMNH 1854.10.4.406, labelled

"Martinique"; both are typical C. muricinum. The figured syntype (D'ORBIGNY, 1842: pi. 23, fig. 20) is the larger,

43.5 mm high, and is here designated the lectotype. — Triton pyriformis: no type material known to me; CLENCH

& Turner (1957: 225) pointed out that Conrad (1849) cited the same illustration in Martini (1777, vol. 3: pi.

112. figs 1050-1051) as was cited by RODING (1798) for Distorsio muricina, and by LAMARCK (1822) for Triton

tuberosum. (No type is designated here because of the possibility of type material remaining in a U.S. museum).

— Litiopa obesa, based on a protoconch of C. muricinum (TURNER, 1956: 136), holotype MCZ 186594. — Triton

production: no type material known (JOHNSON, 1964: 132); the lectotype of Triton tuberosum, designated above,

is here designated also the neotype of Triton production. — Triton albocingulatus: 3 syntypes, labelled "Bourbon"

[= Reunion], in MNHN; the largest (H 53.6, W 29.5) is here designated the lectotype. This name was, however,

proposed expressly for the form of C. muricinum illustrated by REEVE (1844a: pi. 1, tig. 1 a) and, as DESHAYES

(1863) merely provided this indication and no description, Reeve's figured specimen must also be construed as a

paralectotype.— Afrocanidea gemma: holotype BMNH 1937.12.30.4936 (Fig. 25), said to be from Shimbi Hills,

Kenya [error! See discussion under Afrocanidea].

Source

ALAN G. BEU

FlG. 25. — Cymatium (Guiturnium) muricinum (Roding). Larval shell, holotype of Afrocanidea gemma Connolly. BMNH

1937.12.30.4936. x!6.5.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sta.

D44. — corail 2: sta. DW121. DW150.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 66. 215. 216. 225. 284. 581. 791. 855.

867. 932. 942. 948. 962. 1029. — expedition montrouzier: sta.

1237.1240. 1241.1242. 1245. 1252. 1276. 1285. 1286. 1291. 1292.

1299. 1301. 1303. 1304 (Fig. 23 d). 1305.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW432.

These 35 samples were collected from the intertidal zone to 79 m.

but most living specimens were collected on hard substrates by

EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER in intertidal and shallow subtidal depths.

Distribution. — Red Sea; Indian Ocean, from eastern South Africa to the Gulf of Arabia; throughout the

tropical western Pacific, from Kii Peninsula, Honshu, Japan (Habe. 1964: 72) to Shark Bay in Western Australia

(Wilson & Gillett. 1971) and to southernmost Queensland in eastern Australia; as far east as Hawaii (Kay,

1979) and the Galapagos Islands (EMERSON, 1991: 68), with a single record from mainland Panama (Isla

Gobernadora; Emerson, 1983: 119, figs 15-16); in the western Atlantic, at Bermuda and from Jupiter Inlet, Florida

(Clench & Turner, 1957: 226) south to Parana, Brazil (Rios, 1985: 75); in the eastern Atlantic, known only

from the Canary Islands (Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 111) and the Cape Verde Islands (specimen in MNHN).

Dimensions. — New Caledonia: LAGON: sta. 581: H 49.0, D 25.9. - Coral Sea, Chesterfield-Bellona

Plateau, CHALCAL: sta. D44: H 54.2, D 38.6.

Remarks. — Cymatium muricinum is one of the most common intertidal and shallow subtidal

tonnoideans throughout the entire Indo-West Pacific province, and also occurs less commonly in both the eastern

and western Atlantic. It is easily recognised by its moderately long anterior siphonal canal, by its heavily calloused,

thick, smooth aperture, white around the exterior but dark brownish red deep within the aperture, and by its

unusually wide protoconch with very convex outlines but weakly indented sutures. It resembles species of C.

(Ranularia) in most characters but has an operculum with an abapically terminal rather than a left midlateral

nucleus, and a somewhat taller spire than most species of C. (Ranularia). It also occupies a much shallower habitat

than any C. (Ranularia) species. Colour photographs of a living New Caledonian specimen, sent by Claude

Berthault (ORSTOM, Noumea), show that the head-foot bears smaller and more widely spaced pinkish brown ringed

spots than any other species of Cymatium I have seen.

Cymatium muricinum is a major predator in Tndacna mariculture trials throughout the Pacific, and the

significance of this and C. aquatile, C. pileare and C. nicobaricum has been reviewed extensively by Govan (1994,

1995). who cited many other relevant references.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

This is one of several shallow-water to intertidal, hard-substrate species that were poorly sampled by

Programme "LAGON"; specimens were collected in 6 to 79 m, but few were alive, and specimens from greater than

25 m all appear to have been dead shells carried down from a shallower habitat. However, this and all the other

common, widespread, shallow-water Indo-West Pacific ranellids and bursids have had their New Caledonian records

greatly amplified by the subsequent EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER.

Subgenus LlNATELLA Gray, 1857

LinatellaG ray, 1857: 39. Type species (by monotypy): "L. cingulata" 1= Cassidaria cingulata Lamarck, 1822; =

Fusus cutaceus Lamarck, 1816; = Buccinum caudatum Gmelin, 1791), Pliocene to Recent, Indo-West

Pacific and Atlantic.

Remarks. — This subgenus was revised by Beij & Cernohorsky (1986) and was treated as a full genus

in subfamily Cymatiinae. Under L. wiegmanni (Anton, 1838), Beu & Cernohorsky (1986: 25) commented that

the single operculum we had seen had an abapically terminal nucleus and, if this proved to be the normal

operculum, this species is not as closely related to the species we called L cciudata (Gmelin) as teleoconch

characters would seem to suggest. I have now examined many specimens of "L." wiegmanni with opercula in

natural position, and a number of opercula were kindly sent by Mrs. B.J. Piech. demonstrating that ”L"

wiegmanni does, indeed, have an abapically terminal opercular nucleus. It is clear, then, that opercular nucleus

position is (a) not a character showing relationship between "L." caudata and "L." wiegmanni - indeed, it appeals

positively to demonstrate they are not consubgeneric; and (b) not necessarily a character differentiating full genera.

Comparison of a range of specimens has shown that "Linatella" wiegmanni shares far more characters with weakly

varicate C. (Monoplex) species, such as C. parthenopeum and the West African C. tranquebaricum (Lamarck,

1816), than it does with ”L." caudata. Specimens with a dark brown inner lip, bearing white transverse ridges,

particularly resemble C. parthenopeum. Examination of Miocene molluscs from the Dominican Republic suggests

the possibility that "L". wiegmanni evolved from the Miocene Cymatium (Monoplex) cercadicum (Maury, 1917),

another species that develops only the terminal varix. Accordingly, "L." wiegmanni is transferred to C.

(Monoplex). Linatella is left containing the single species L. caudata and, in view of its superficial similarity to

such C. (Monoplex) species as C. wiegmanni , it seems preferable to regard Linatella as yet another subgenus ol

Cymatium.

Cymatium (Linatella) cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816)

Buccinum caudatum Gmelin, 1791: 3471 (a secondary homonym of Murex caudatum Gmelin. 1791).

Fusus cutaceus Lamarck, 1816: pi. 427, figs 4 a-b; "Liste des objets", p. 6.

Cassidaria cingulata Lamarck, 1822: 216.

Fusus voigtii Anton, 1838: 77.

Triton undosum Kiener, 1842: 44. pi. 6, fig. 2.

Ranularia (Lagena) rostratus "Martini" Morch, 1852: 110.

Triton (Linatella) poulsenii Morch, 1877: 33.

Purpura (Polytropa) bantamensis Martin, 1899: 135, pi. 21, figs 310, 310 a, 311.

Cymatium (Linatella) krenkeli Cox, 1930: 118, pi. 12, figs 20, 21 a-b.

Cymatium (Linatella) floridanum Mansfield. 1930: 94, pi. 12, fig. 10.

Cymatium (Linatella) cingulatum peninsulum M. Smith, 1937: 113, pi. 1, fig. 2; pi. 44, fig. 5.

Linatella neptunia Garrard, 1963: 43, pi. 7, figs 7-8.

Linatella (Linatella) caudata - Beu & Cernohorsky, 1986: 244. figs 1-2. 5-22 (with further synonymy). — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 107.

pi. 20. fig. 3.

Cymatium (Linatella) cutaceum - Wilson. 1993: 244. pi. 41. fig. 7.

REMARKS. — Despite a range from southern Japan to northern New Zealand, from East Africa to Hawaii,

and in both the eastern and western Atlantic (as far north as off Chincoteague Inlet, Virginia; Merrill & Porter,

1966), C. cutaceum apparently has not been collected yet in New Caledonia. However, the opportunity is taken

here to clarify the species name on its transfer to Cymatium (Linatella).

Source:

ALAN G. BEU

The complication with the species name is that both Buccinum caudatum Gmelin (1791: 3471) and Murex

caudatum Gmelin (1791: 3535) now apply to species of Cymatium , i.e. they are secondary homonyms. As the

name Murex caudatum Gmelin, i.e. Cymatium (Ranularia) caudatum (see below), is much the better known and

more widely used of these two, the writer, acting as first reviser, selects Murex caudatum Gmelin as the name to be

used as the senior homonym by all authors who regard Buccinum caudatum Gmelin. 1791 and Murex caudatum

Gmelin, 1791 as applying to species of the genus Cymatium.

Type specimens, synonymy, range and fossil record were reviewed by Blu & CERNOHORSKY (1986), and

the synonymy (above) merely lists the published synonyms. The next youngest name available for this species is

Fusus cutaceus. The lectotype of Fusus cutaceus (which is also the lectotype of Cassidaria cingulata and the

neotype of Buccinum caudatum). MHNG 1100/74/1. was illustrated by BEU & CERNOHORSKY (1986: figs 7-8).

This species will therefore be known in future as Cymatium (Linatella) cutaceum (Lamarck, 1816). Unfortunately,

this name will also cause some confusion with the well known Mediterranean species Cabestana cutacea (Linne,

1767), which may be the reason for Lamarck's changing the name from Fusus cutaceus in 1816 to Cassidaria

cingulata in 1822. As long as the Mediterranean species is retained in the distinct genus Cabestana this confusion

should be minimal.

Subgenus LOTORIA Emerson & Old. 1963

Lotoria Emerson & Old, 1963a: 4. Type species (OD): Cymatium (Lotoria)perryi Emerson & Old, 1963, Recent,

northern Indian Ocean to the Gulf of Arabia.

Cymatium (Lotoria) lotorium (Linne, 1758)

Fig. 20 c

Murex lotorium Linne, 1758: 749.

Cymatium rhinoceros Roding, 1798: 129.

Triton distortion Lamarck, 1816: pi. 415, fig. 3; "Liste des objets", p. 4.

Murex lotorium - Linne. 1767: 1217. — Gmelin. 1791: 3533. — Dillwyn, 1817: 698.

Triton lotorium - Lamarck. 1822: 182. — J. Sowerby & G.B. Sowerby 1. 1825: pi. 227. fig. 1. — Kiener, 1842: II, pi. 9. fig. 1. — Reeve,

1842: 198. pi. 244. fig. I. —Desha yes, 1843: 631. — Reeve. 1844a: pi. 6, fig. 19 b (in part). — K0STER&Kobelt, 1871: pi. 10. fig.

3 (in part).

Triton {Cymatium) lotorium - KOBELT. 1878a: 250. — Tryon, 1880: 19. pi. 10. fig. 76; pi. 11. fig. 79 (in pari).

Cymatium lotorium - HiRASE. 1936: 65, pi. 95. fig. I. — RlPPlNGALE & McMichael, 1961: 66. pi. 7, fig. 3. — Kira. 1962: 56. pi. 22, fig. 15. —

Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 76. pi. 52. fig. 4. — Hinton. 1972: 12, pi. 6. fig. 5. — Salvat & Rives. 1975: 304. fig. 168. — Hinton.

1978: 29. figs 3-3 a. — Short & Potitr. 1987: 46. pi. 22, fig. 6. — Drivas & Jay, 1988: 62, pi. 16. fig. II. — Salvat el al., 1988:

100. pi. 12, fig. 10.

Cymatium {Ranularia) lotorium - Kira. 1955: 43. pi. 21. fig. 16.

Cymatium (Lotoria) lotorium - Emerson & Old, 1963a: 4. figs 3, 5. — Beu, 1985: 58. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 112, pi. 30, fig. 10.

— Lai, 1989: 120. fig. 17. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 56. pi. II. fig. I. - Wilson. 1993: 244. pi. 41. fig. I. — Bosch et al .. 1995:

97. fig. 351.

Tritonium (Lotorium) rhinoceros - Tapparone-Caneeri, 1881: 28.

Type data. — No specimen of Cymatium lotorium is present in Linne's collection housed by the Linnean

Society of London. The Linne type Colin of the Uppsala University Zoological Museum contains three specimens

identified as synlypes of Murex lotorium (Wallin, 1993). but these are not conspecific with the species identified

by this name throughout this century (Cymatium pyrum , UUZM Linne Colin no. 301; C. pyrum, UUZM Linne

Colin no. 899a; C. femorale , UUZM Linne Colin no. 899b) and, as noted in the Introduction, these are not

considered to be valid syntypes. Under ICZN Opinion 1135, Murex lotorium is to be interpreted as the species

figured by Reeve (1844a: pi. 6, fig. 19 b) and this specimen (BMNH 1967696) is here designated the neotype of

Murex lotorium. The neotype is without locality; the type locality is here designated as the Philippine Islands. —

Cymatium rhinoceros : as no type specimens are known for any of RODING's (1798) species, the same specimen

(BMNH 1967696) is also here designated the neotype of Cymatium rhinoceros. — Triton distortion: Lamarck's

Colin in MHNG does not contain any material identified as Triton distortion , but this is presumably because

Lamarck (1822: 182) later realised that Linne's name Murex lotorium applied to the same species; Lamarck's

Colin contains two specimens of Cymatium lotorium labelled "Triton lotorium Lamarck, type". The larger of

these, with a completely secreted aperture, appears to be the specimen illustrated by Lamarck (1816: pi. 415,

fig. 3) and is certainly the specimen illustrated by KlENER (1842: pi. 9, fig. 1), and is here designated the lectotype

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELL1DAK, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

of Triton distortum (MHNG 1099/93). The paralectotype (MHNG 1099/89) has an incompletely secreted outer lip.

Both are labelled "Ocean indien".

New Caledonia records. — North of New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 457 (Fig. 20 c).

Distribution. — Cymatium lotorium occurs from central East Africa (southern limit unknown to me),

Madagascar (NZGS WM14907) and Mauritius (Drivas & Jay. 1988: 62; also NZGS WM 13882) eastward into the

western Pacific, where it ranges from southern Japan (to southern Honshu; Kira, 1962: 56) to the Capricorn

Group of islands, on the southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia (NZGS WM 12701), and as far east as

the Marquesas Islands (Salvat & Rives, 1975: 304, fig. 168). Not reported from Hawaii by KAY (1979). It is

replaced in the northern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Arabia by C. perryi , although Bosch et al. (1995: 97) recorded a

single specimen of C. lotorium from Muscat, Oman. In view of recent doubts about whether C. lotorium occurs in

the Red Sea (Mienis. 1990a; none of the previously recorded specimens could be located by MlENlS) it is worth

recording an authentic Red Sea specimen: alive in 10 m of water on a large rock, Massawa, Ethiopia, coll. D.

Peled, May 1968, in Peled Colin (H 110.0. D 50.5; seen, A.G. Beu).

Dimensions. — H 146.3, D 68.9 (New Caledonian specimen).

Remarks. — Cymatium lotorium has a large, distorted, bright orange shell with two large black blotches

on the inner lip. It was not reported from the New Caledonian area by FISCHER (1860) or Melvill & Standen

( 1895), and only a single specimen is present in the mnhn collections reported on here. This specimen is from

Atoll de Suiprise in the extreme north of New Caledonia. Salvat & Rives (1975: 304) recorded it only from the

Marquesas Islands, within their study area of Polynesia. However, Salvat et al. (1988: pi. 12, fig. 10) illustrated a

specimen from New Caledonia.

Subgenus Monoplex Perry, 1811

Monoplex Perry, 1811: pi. 3. Type species (SD by Dall, 1904: 134): Monoplex australasiae Perry, 1811 |=

Murex parthenopeus Salis Marschlins, 1793], Miocene to Recent, Mediterranean. Atlantic, South Africa,

northern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Arabia. Australia and New Zealand to Kermadec Islands. New Caledonia,

central Japan, Taiwan and Hawaii.

Lampusia Schumacher, 1817: 350. Type species (SD by Herrmannsen, 1847: 575): Murex pilearis Linne. 1758,

Miocene-Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Cabestanimorpha Iredale, 1936: 307. Type species (OD. I REDALE, 1936: 336): Triton exaratus Reeve, 1844,

Pleistocene-Recent, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, Hawaii, Japan.

Dissentoma Pilsbry, 1945: 59. Type species (OD): Dissentoma prima Pilsbry, 1945 |= Murex parthenopeus Salis

Marschlins, 1793].

Cymatriton Clench & Turner. 1957: 210. Type species (OD): Tritonium nicobaricum Roding, 1798. Recent. Indo-

West Pacific and E & W Atlantic.

Cymatium (Monoplex) aquatile (Reeve, 1844)

Fig. 34 a

Triton aquatilis Reeve, 1844a: pi. 7, fig. 24.

ITriton aquatile occidentale Morch, 1877: 19 (nomen nudum).

1 Cymatium pileare var. cruzana Nowell-Usticke, 1959: 60.

Triton aquatilis - Reeve. 1844c: 114.

Tritonium aquatile - TAPPARONE-CANEFRI, 1881: 25.

Cymatium aquatile - Hirase, 1936: 66. pi. 95. fig. 6. — Drivas & Jay, 1988: 62. pi. 16. fig. 9.

Cymatium (Monoplex) aquatile - Beu, 1985: 58. — Beu & Kay. 1988: 197. figs I. 12-16. 21-32. — Lai, 1989: 123. fig. 34. — Henning &

Hemmen, 1993: 61. pi. 14. fig. 5. — Wilson. 1993: 245. pi. 41. fig. 2. — Bosch etui. 1995: 98. fig. 353.

Cymatium (Septa) aquatile - Wolfe. 1975a: 6, fig. 3 left, fig. 5 right. — Kay, 1979: 220, fig. 76 E, not 77 A [= C. pileare |. — Springsteen &

Leobrera, 1986: 112, pi. 30. fig. 16.

Triton (Simpulum) pileare - Tryon, 1880: 12, pi. 6, figs 34-35 (in pan).

Cymatium (Septa) pileare - Clench & Turner. 1957: 216 (in part).

Source:

ALAN G. BEU

Triton (Simpulum) pilearis var. aquatilis - Kobelt, 1878a: 245.

Cymatium baveri - Poppenoe & Kleinpell. 1978: pi. 5, fig. 61.

Cymatium nicobaricum - Salvat ei ai, 1988: 101. pi. 12. fig. 11.

Type data. — Triton aquatilis : 2 syntypes bm

C olin. The larger (H 111.4, D 52.4) is the specimen

designated the lectotype. — Triton aquatile occidental ;

known (Beu & Kay. 1988: 199: Faber, 1988: 76).

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW46.

New Caledonia, lagon: sia. 489. 551,571. 588. 702. 757. 820. 900.

1128. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1241 (Fig. 34 a). 1242. 1245.

1967626, from "Philippine Islands", ex H. Cuming

figured by REEVE (1844a: pi. 7, fig. 24), and is hem

nd Cymatium pileare var. cruzana: no type material is

1276. 1282, 1286. 1296. 1303. 1319, 1330. — lagon de Noumea: sta.

1356. — BATHUS I: sta. DW1236.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW436.

The depth range in these 23 samples is intertidal to 60 m.

Distribution. — Throughout most of the tropical realm of the world, from eastern South Africa and the

Gulf of Arabia (including the Red Sea) to southern Japan and as far south as Barrow 1., Western Australia (WILSON,

1993: 245) and the Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland (NZGS WM11641), and New

Caledonia, eastward throughout Polynesia to Hawaii (Kay, 1979) and to Cocos Island. Costa Rica (EMERSON,

1991: 68), and from two poorly localised specimens from the mainland coast of Panamic Western America

(EMERSON, 1991: 68); in the western Atlantic, from the Bahamas and Florida south to Curasao and Trinidad

(possibly not occurring in northeastern South America); in the eastern Atlantic recorded definitely only from the

Canary Islands (La Palma; NZGS WM 15201 , specimen presented by F. Garcia-Talavera) and the Cape Verde

Islands (in MNHN, collected by Bouvier, ex H. Fischer Colin: BEU & Kay, 1988: 200, figs 27, 29).

Dimensions, — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1241: H 83.7. D 41.7. Maximum size recorded in New

Caledonia ca. 100 mm (Prigent, 1995).

REMARKS. — The review of species of the Cymatium pileare group by Beu & Kay (1988) includes a

discussion of the characters separating C. aquatile from C. pileare and other closely related species, as well as

information on type specimens, fossil record, distribution and dimensions of C. aquatile : most need not be repeated

here. C. aquatile is distinguished from C. pileare by its wider shape, its smaller maximum size, its uniform pale

yellow-orange to deep orange-red colour (rather than tan to bluish grey, with banded varices and obscure paler aid

darker brown spiral bands, on C. pileare ), its markedly larger protoconch and, principally, by its uniform pale

orange aperture, with short, coarse teeth inside the outer lip, quite distinct from the bright red aperture with long

transverse ridges inside the outer lip, and a dark brown columella with pale transverse ridges in C. pileare. Claude

Berthault (ORSTOM, Noumea) recently sent me colour photographs of a living specimen of C. aquatile , collected at

between 7 and 9 m in New Caledonia, along with others of a specimen of C. pileare collected at the same site. In

common with the exterior of the head-foot of all other C. (Monoplex) species I have seen animals of, both these

bear large, ringed, circular to oval spots scattered densely over a pale greyish background, and particularly densely

on the sides of the foot, but whereas the spots are a pale reddish brown in C. pileare , they are a much brighter and

more obvious brownish red to almost crimson in C. aquatile . and a yellow marginal area between densely placed

spots is markedly more obvious in C. aquatile than in C. pileare.

Cymatium aquatile is common in intertidal and shallow subtidal depths throughout much of the tropical

realm but. like C. pileare, C. muricinum, C. mundum and C. nicobaricum (among others), is not common in

trawled material from below about 20-30 m. Consequently, although New Caledonian specimens gathered in

shallow water are present in many of the world's museums, these near-shore species were poorly represented in the

LAGON samples studied here. This deficiency has, however, been filled for all these species by the EXPEDITION

MONTROUZIER samples.

Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams, 1855)

Figs 23 i, 26 a-k

Triton comptus A. Adams, 1855: 312.

Triton ridleyi Smith, 1890a: 489, pi. 30, fig. 1.

Cymatium gracile var. gurabonicum Maury, 1917: 107. pi. 17, fig. 10.

Cymatium (Lampusia) pileare var. borneana Cox, 1948: 39, pi. 4, figs 1 a-b.

Source: MNHN , Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Fig. 26. — Cymatium (Monoplex) comptum (A. Adams). — a-e. corail 2: sta. DW4I. Chesterfield Plateau. Coral Sea.

52 m; a. x4; b. x 15; c. x67; d. x!6; e. x20. — f, holotype of Triton ridleyi E.A. Smith. BMNH 1888.6.27.42,

Fernando de Noronha I.. Brazil, xl.6. — g. lectotype of Triton comptum A. Adams. BMNH 1967684/1. "China".

xl.6. — h. CORAIL 2: sta. DW99. Chesterfield Plateau, Coral Sea. 52 m. x2. — i. LAGON: sta. I 163. Belep

Islands. New Caledonia. 48 m, x2. — j-k. MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW187, north of New Caledonia, 65-120 m. xl.5.

Source: MNHN, Paris

ALAN G. BEU

Triton comptus - Tryon, 1880: 33.

Cymatium comptum - Yen. 1942: 215, pi. 18. fig. 112. — Kurooa & Habe. 1952: 51. — Leal, 1991: 116.

NOT Cymatium comptum - Drivas& Jay. 1988: 64. pi. 17. fig. II [= C. vespoceum J.

Cymatium (Septa) comptum - Rios. 1985: 75. pi. 27. fig. 329. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 113. pi. 31. figs 3 a-b.

Cymatium (Turritriton) comptum - Beu, 1985: 60. — Garcia-Talavera. 1987: 253. pi. 2. fig. 5. — Lai, 1989: 125. fig. 44. — Henning &

Hemmen. 1993: 99. pi. 21. fig. 5.

Cymatium (Monoptex) comptum - Wilson. 1993: 245.

Lampusia gracile - Dall, 1889: 227. pi. 29. fig. 2.

Cymatium (Septa) gemmatum - Clench & Turner. 1957: 222. pi. 110. fig. 2; pi. 113, fig. 6: pi. 125. figs 1-2.

Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum - Warmke& Abbott. 1962: 101. pi. 18, fig. b. — Abbott. 1974: 163. fig. 1754. — Rios. 1975: 79. tig. 322. —

Saunders, 1980: 5, upper fig. — Coelho et aL 1981: 124. fig. 9.

Cymatium vespaceum - Hinton, 1978: 30, fig. 9. — Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 108. pi. 5. fig. 2. — Cosel, 1982: 54.

Cymatium (Turritriton) labiosum - Kay. 1979: 223. fig. 79 E.

Type DATA. — Triton comptus : lectotype (selected by YEN, 1942: pi. 18, fig. 112) and 3 paralectotypes

(all BMNH 1967684), from "China", ex Cuming Colin. The lectotype (Fig. 26 g) is the only specimen among

these definitely agreeing with A. Adams' (1855) description; it is a relatively large specimen (H 36.0) agreeing

closely with the large range of Philippines material that has come to light in recent years. The next largest

paralectotype (H 35.0) is a specimen of Cymatium (Reticutriton) pfeifferianum. ; the smaller paralectotypes have

complete periostraca and are not identifiable with certainty, but appear to be C. vespaceum rather than C.

comptum. — Triton ridleyi : holotype BMNH 1888.6.27.42, from Fernando Noronha Island, off the coast of Brazil;

a very small (H 18.3, D 11.0) but otherwise typical specimen of C. comptum (Fig. 26 0- — Cymatium gracile

var. gurabonicum : holotype, PR1 28764, a nicely preserved, but slightly incomplete. Late Miocene fossil specimen

of C. comptum from "Los Quemados", Dominican Republic, West Indies. — Cymatium (Lampusia) pileare var.

bomeana : holotype (H14421) and 5 paratypes in Naturhistorisches Museum Basel; a Pleistocene fossil from the

Togopi Formation, Dent Peninsula, North Borneo.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DWI9.CP25, DW4I (Figs 26 a-e). DW48, DW73, DW79. DW99

(Fig. 26 h), DWI15. DW156, DW160.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 79. 112, 243, 328, 334, 358. 436. 439.

478. 480. 545, 597B. 713, 821. 983, 1006, 1047. 1139. 1163

(Fig. 26 i). — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1245. 1260. 1261. 1310,

1311. 1312. 1314, 1315. 1316. 1318. 1321. 1323. — lagon de

noum£a: sta. 1355.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DW187 (Figs 23 i,

26 j-k).

Norfolk Ridge. BATHUS 2: sta. DW714.

These 44 lots are from the intertidal zone to depths of 124 m;

specimens were taken alive from the intertidal zone to 120 m.

Dimensions. — Triton comptus (lectotype): H 36.0, D 16.3. - Triton ridleyi (holotype): H 18.3, D 10.0. -

Cymatium gracile var. gurabonicum (holotype): H 21.7, D 12.8. - Cymatium pileare var. bomeana (holotype): H

43, D 21. - Mactan I., Cebu, largest Philippines specimen seen. NZGS WM14109: H 37.3, D 17.2. - LAGON: sta.

1355, largest New Caledonian specimen: H 38.5, D 20.2.

Distribution. — Apparently relatively uncommon in the Indian Ocean, but seen from NE South Africa

(NMP D6495, off Dog Pt, N. Zululand. 70 m, dredged R.V. "Meiring Naude", sta. ZC3, 4 June 1987; 1 Iv);

Mauritius (NZGS); Red Sea (NZGS WM 13342 , Eilat, purch. Dov Peled); throughout the West Pacific province

from eastern Australia (NZGS WM 13016, Heron I., Capricorn Group, coll. N. Coleman) and New Caledonia to

Taiwan, and probably southern Japan; particularly common in "deep-water" shell debris from the Philippine

Islands; as far east as Hawaii (Kay, 1979: fig. 79E, specimen illustrated as C. labiosum ; NZGS WM 12437. Pokai

Bay, Oahu, ca 40 m. SCUBA, 1959, coll. & pres. C.M. Burgess).

In the Atlantic this is the small, finely sculptured species known to early workers as " Triton gracile Reeve"

(the syntypes of T. gracile are juvenile specimens of C. pfeifferianum ), identified by CLENCH & TURNER (1957:

222) as C. gemmatum (the identity of the real C. gemmatum is discussed below), and identified by ABBOTT (1974)

and subsequent workers as C. vespaceum. True C. vespaceum is almost unknown in the Atlantic, although PlECH

(1993: 90) reported the first authentic specimens. Specimens of C. comptum are known in the western Atlantic

from Florida (CLENCH & TURNER, 1957: 22) to Brazil (Rios, 1985: 75), and in the eastern Atlantic from the Cape

Verde Islands (Saunders, 1980: 5) and the Canary Islands (Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 108).

REMARKS. — With the question of distinguishing Cymatium comptum from C. vespaceum , with which it

has been confused by almost all previous authors, the subject of the taxonomy of the " Cymatium vespaceum

complex" is introduced. As both C. comptum and C. vespaceum occur in some numbers in the MNHN New

Caledonian collections, and clearly the distinctions between them must be clarified, all the similar and apparently

closely related species of this group are revised here. Species included are:

Source:

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

C. comptum (A. Adams, 1855), Indo-West Pacific and E. & W. Allantic.

C. exaratum (Reeve, 1844), Australia-New Zealand. New Caledonia, Hawaii and Japan [= kiiensis G.B.

Sowerby III. 1915]; possibly in the western Atlantic.

C. penniketi sp. nov.. Gulf of Arabia.

C. thersites (Reeve. 1844), central Indo-West Pacific, but rare other than in northern Western Australia.

C. vespaceum (Lamarck, 1816), Indo-West Pacific and, very rarely, western Atlantic.

The coloured illustrations and list of distinctions published by SPRINGSTEEN & Leobrera (1986: 113, pi.

31; C. comptum figs 3 a-b; C. vespaceum fig. 2) very clearly define the differences between these two similar, very

widespread, largely sympatric species: C. comptum is "often confused with C. vespaceum but differs in the

following ways; the shell is lighter in weight (i.e. thinner), nearly always brightly coloured (brown, red, orange),

lacking the greyish tints of vespaceum: the sutures are more deeply impressed; the varices are more prominent; the

denticles inside the outer lip are finer and closer; the nodules are larger and fewer in number, the surface sculpturing

is much finer and the spiral cords remain single on the varices, whereas in vespaceum they divide into two". A very

significant further difference is that, although the protoconchs of the two species are about the same height, that of

C. comptum is markedly wider than that of C. vespaceum. Distinction between these species can often be more

difficult (particularly with broken or very small specimens) than this list of differences suggests, as all species in

this group have seven nodules (each bearing two low ridges on most specimens) inside the outer lip, several

similar, prominent ridges on the lower columella, and a very similar shape. Both also occur as a dark reddish brown

to almost black colour form with a pale basal band, although it is uncommon in both species. However,

unicoloured forms, normal in C. comptum , are uncommon in C. vespaceum and, as the name ("wasp-like")

suggests, the varices on most C. vespaceum are banded with paler and darker red-brown to bluish grey, producing a

much more banded colour pattern than on most C. comptum. Apart from the colour pattern, the wider, thinner

varices, the markedly finer, crisper sculpture and the thin, well raised apertural ridges give C. comptum a

consistently different overall appearance from C. vespaceum. The size is also different; C. comptum is the smallest

of the five species in this group, reaching about 40 mm in height but not commonly exceeding about 33 mm,

whereas C. vespaceum commonly exceeds 40 mm in height and reaches about 65 mm.

The details of the primary spiral cords are the principal characters distinguishing the species of this group.

In C. comptum , only, all cords are narrow, and remain entirely undivided and narrow where they cross the varices.

In C. vespaceum the cords are slightly wider than in C. comptum , and the uppermost two cords, at the shoulder

angle and immediately below, develop a very narrow median groove where they cross the varices. The prominence

of the groove increases as the shell grows, and on some specimens 50 mm or more high the median groove is quite

prominent over the varices, and extends weakly across the last intervariceal interval. In C. penniketi sp. nov. the

cords also all remain undivided, although they become wider and more flat-topped over the varices than elsewhere.

In C. thersites the uppermost two spiral cords are weakly grooved for their full length, quite a prominent groove

develops over the varices, and some large specimens have faint grooves over the varices on the third and fourth

cords below the shoulder angle. In C. exaratum the most deeply grooved cords are seen, as all specimens have a

deep, prominent groove subdividing the two uppermost spiral cords each into two closely spaced cords, the next

lower three cords all bear weak median grooves where they cross the varices, and a few specimens have a weak

median groove on the third and fourth cords over the intervariceal intervals. As well as these sculptural distinctions,

and protoconch differences outlined below, the species have markedly different distributions.

LEAL (1991: 115) considered Triton ridleyi to be an earlier name for C. (Ranularia) rehderi A. H. Verrill,

1950, a distinctive, endemic Atlantic species. However, Smith's holotype (see above) is a small specimen of

C. comptum.

Cymatium (Monoplex) exaratum (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 23 n, 27 a-k

Triton exaratus Reeve, 1844a: pi. 13, figs 50 a-b.

Triton obscurus A. Adams, 1855: 312 (not Triton obscurus Reeve. 1844).

ITritonium granulation Dunker, 1871: 166 (unrecognisable).

Lotorium (Cymatium) kiiense G.B. Sowerby III, 1915: 165, pi. 10, fig. 7.

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 27 — Cymatium (Monoplex) exaratum (Reeve). — a-c. g. k, corail 2: sta. DW120, Chesterfield Plateau. Coral

Sea, 56 m; a. x3.9; b. x 15; c. x67; g, k. xl6. — d. MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW462, Loyalty Ridge. 200 m, xl.5. —

e. typical large New Zealand specimen. NZGS RM5551, Tutukaka, Northland, 22 m, x 1. — f, MUSORSTOM 4: sta.

DW187. north of New Caledonia. 65-120 m. xl.5. — h. chalcal 1: sta. D58. Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau,

Coral Sea, 56 m. xl.5.— i-j. BPBM 62160. Midway I., Hawaiian Islands, xl.5.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

Cymatium zimara Iredale. 1929a: 346, pi. 38, fig. 11.

Cabestanimorpha euclia Cotton. 1945: 252, fig. 2.

Triton exaratus - Reeve. 1844c: 116. — Lischke. 1869: 35: 1871: 30. pi. 2, figs 15-17. — KUSTER & Kobelt, 1876: 231. pi. 64. ties 6-7. —

Verco, 1895: 103.

Tritotiium (Gutturnium) exaratum - Angas, 1867: 188.

Triton (Gutturniam) exaratus - Kobelt. 1878a: 361.

Triton exaratum - Tryon, 1880: 22. pi. i2, figs 102. 104.

Lotorium exaratum - Pritchard & Gatliff. 1898: 265: 1906: 42.

Cymatium (Turritriton) exaratum - Gatliff & Gabriel. 1908: 370.

Cymatium exaratum - Iredale. 1910: 71. —Suter. 1913: 306; 1915: pi. 44. fig. 14. — Oliver. 1915: 527. — Hedley, 1916b: 195: 1918b:

M66 . — Powell. 1924: 286. — Bucknill. 1924: 53, pi. 4. fig. 12. — Finlay. 1926: 398. pi. 21. figs 83-84. — Cotton & Godfrey.

1931: 10. — Short & Potter. 1987: 48. pi. 23. fig. 1.

Mono pi ex exaratum - Powell, 1933: 164.

Cabestanimorpha exarata - Iredale. 1936: 307. — Powell, 1962: 94, pi. 14, fig. 2. — Penniket& Moon, 1970: 44, pi. 19. fig. 1.

Septa exarata - Beu, 1976: 306, figs I. 12 b.

Cymatium (Turritriton) exaratum exaratum - BEU, 1985: 60. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 99, pi. 21. Fig. I.

Cymatium (Monoplex) exaratum - Wilson. 1993: 245, pi. 42. figs 1 a-b.

Cymatium kiiense - Hirase, 1936: 65, pi. 95. fig. 3(left). — Kuroda & Habe. 1952: 51.

Cymatium (Cabestana) vespaceum form kiiensis - M. Smith. 1948: 51. pi. 8. fig. 2.

Turritriton kiiensis - Kuroda et ai, 1971: 126. pi. 29, figs 8-9. — Aoki & Baba, 1983: 50, fig. 16. — Okutani, 1986: 112. 4th fig.: 113, 14th

and 16th unnumbered figs.

?not Turritriton kiiensis - Okumura & Takei, 1993: pi. 29, figs 2 a-b [?= C. sinense).

Cymatium f Turritriton) kiiensis - Lai, 1989: 123, fig. 36.

Cymatium (Turritriton) exaratum kiiense - Beu, 1985: 60. — HENNING & HEMMEN. 1993: 101, pi. 21. fig. 2.

Cabestanimorpha zimara - Garrard. 1961: 14. —

Monoplex cornutus - Hedley, 1902: 26 (not Monoplex cornutus Perry, 1811, unrecognisable).

Lotorium comutum - Kesteven, 1902: 460, pi. 17, fig. 10. — Moss. 1908: 23, pi. 5. fig. 7.

Cabestanimorpha tabu lata - Iredale. 1949: 20. — Garrard, 1961: 14 (not Tritonium tabulation Menke. 1843).

Cymatium (Ranularia) sarcostomum - Clench & Turner, 1957: 206. pi. 118. fig. 5. only.

Turritriton tabulata - Rippingale& McMichael. 1961: 67. pi. 7. fig. 7.

Turritriton loebbeckei - Habe. 1961: 45, pi. 22. fig. 9: 1964: 72, pi. 22, fig. 9.

Cabestana tabulata - MacPherson& Gabriel. 1962: 161, fig. 194.

Turritriton tabulatus - Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 78, pi. 53. fig. 5. — Hinton, 1978: 28, fig. 7.

Septa (Cabestamimorpha) tabulata - Beu, 1971: 108.

Septa (Cabestanimorpha) tabulata kiiensis - Beu. 1971: 108. pi. 7. fig. 7; pi. 8, figs 11-15, 18-21.

Turritriton tabulatus exaratus - Powell, 1979: 165. pi. 33. fig. 2.

Type data. — Triton exaratus : 2 lots of 3 syntypes each, BMNH 1967633. 3 syntypes, labelled "North

coast of New Holland", ex Cuming Colin; the specimen with "c" written in the aperture is the original of Reeve's

( 1844a) pi. 13, fig. 50 a, and is here designated the lectotype. BMNH 1978142, 3 further probable paralectotypes

labelled "N. Australia, Mr Jukes", also ex Cuming Colin; the smallest (H 40.7, D 24.1) appears to be the original

of Reeve's (1844a) pi. 13, fig. 50 b. All six specimens have strongly shouldered whorls and very strongly stepped

spires; the lectotype and the 2 paralectotypes in BMNH 1967633 are pale fawn and mauvish grey shells, whereas

those in BMNH 1978142 are brightly banded red-brown and white. All six appear to originate from Western

Australia, to judge from their strongly stepped spires. — Triton obscurus : lectotype (designated by BEU, 1971) and

paralectotype were then assumed by me to be specimens of C. durbanense , as they bear a label in A. Adams's hand

saying 'T. obscurus A. Ad. south coast of Africa". However, these specimens also bear an early label reading

"Sydney under stones Mr Strange". The specimens are larger and more strongly shouldered than any C. durbanense I

have seen and, as they have relatively narrow, widely spaced spiral cords, the upper two of which are each deeply

subdivided by a median groove, they are clearly C. exaratum rather than C. durbanense. The actual type locality,

therefore, appears to be Sydney. New South Wales. — Lotorium (Cymatium) kiiensis : lectotype (designated by

Beu, 1971: 101, pi. 8, fig. 14). bmnh 1919.12.31.30, from "Kii, Japan", purchased from Sowerby & Fulton; 2

paralectotypes, AMS C72368, "Kii, Japan" (BEU, 1971: pi. 8, figs 18-21). — Cymatium zimara : holotype AMS

C57849 , from Sydney Harbour " Triton " dredgings. New South Wales. — Cabestanimorpha euclia : holotype.

South Australian Museum, Adelaide, D 6515. from 100 m, 9 miles west of Eucla, south coast of Western

Australia.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: sta.

D52, D58 (Fig. 27 h). — corail 2: sta. DW120 (Figs 27 a-c. g. k),

DW125. DW154.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 234 bis. 301. 324, 326. 334 (Fig. 23 n).

346, 357, 381.542. 553, 572. 603, 742. — bathus I: sta. DWI235.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DWI87 (Fig. 27 f).

Norfolk Ridge, chalcal 2: sta. DW80. — smib 5: sta. DWI00.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW462 (Fig. 27 d).

These 23 lots (27 specimens) are from depths of 35-200 m:

specimens were collected alive in depths of 46 to 160 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — In Australia, Cymatium exaratum occurs commonly in central and southern Western

Australia, commonly in New South Wales and southern Queensland, but rarely (if at all) around the north coast.

Source:

ALAN G. BEU

and uncommonly around the south coast, in Victoria, South Australia, and along the south coast of Western

Australia. In central and southern Queensland it occurs sympatrically with the much more common C. vespaceum.

In New Zealand, C. exaratum is limited to the warm-water northeastern province of the North Island, from the far

north to East Cape; specimens occur from shallow subtidal depths (ca. 5-10 m) to 100 m. where they are

occasionally trawled on the shelf, but more commonly taken on rocky substrates by SCUBA divers; specimens

occasionally wash ashore. Specimens have also been dredged and found on beaches at Raoul Island. Kermadec

Islands, and so it almost certainly occurs also at Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island. In view of its rarity in North

Queensland and the north coast of Australia, it is surprising that the range is extended here to the Coral Sea (5

specimens). New Caledonia (15 stations, all around the main islands) and the Loyalty Ridge (1 specimen). The

species has not previously been reported from the Hawaiian Islands, but a single specimen (BPBM 62160) from

Midway Island is present in the Bishop Museum (Figs 27 i-j). In Japan, C. exaratum is recorded by Habe (1964:

72) as "rather common on rocky shores between tide marks to 10 m in depth from Boso Peninsula, Honshu, to

Kyushu". Although this species has never been reported from the Atlantic, the specimen figured by CLENCH &

TURNER (1957: pi. 118, fig. 5) as a juvenile "Cymatium sarcostomum ", from St. Croix, Virgin Islands,

Caribbean, has the shouldered whorls and prominent, narrow, bifid cords that distinguish C. exaratum. This is

evidently a rare Caribbean species. The only fossil record I am aware of in the southwestern Pacific is from the

Pleistocene (oxygen isotope stage 9) of Te Piki, near Cape Runaway, North Island, New Zealand (BEU, 1976:

306), but it has been reported as a Pleistocene fossil (as Turritriton kiiensis) from several localities in the Shimosa

Group near Tokyo, Japan (O'HARA et al. y 1976: 94; AOKI & Baba, 1983: 50, fig. 16).

DIMENSIONS. — Triton exaratus (lectotype): H 46.9, D 28.3; paralectotypes, BMNH 1967633: H 47.0, D

27.9; H 41.7, D 25.7; paralectotypes, BMNH 1978142: H 48.2, D 27.9; H 41.0, D 16.0; H 40.7, D 24.1. -

Lotorium kiiensis (lectotype): H 36.2, D 18.8. - Triton obscurus (lectotype): H 51.8, D 29.7; paralectotype: H

55.3, D 34.7. - Cabestanimorpha euclia (holotype): H 20. D 12 (COTTON, 1945: 252). - Off Tutukaka, Northland,

North Island, SCUBA, 25 m. ex J.R. Penniket Colin, largest New Zealand specimens seen, NZGS RM5550: H

62.0, D 38.7; NZGS RM5551 (Fig. 27 e): H 62.4. D 35.1. - New South Wales, ex E.S. Gourlay Colin, largest

Australian specimen seen, NZGS WM13795: H 60.9, D 36.8. - Midway, Hawaiian Islands, BPBM 62160: H 29.3, D

18.7. - New Caledonia. LAGON: sta. 334: H 49.2, D 26.4.

REMARKS. — Cymatium exaratum is the largest of the species of the C. comptum-vespaceum species

group and, partly because of its discontinuous distribution and partly because of its variability and its confusion

with other, similar species, has had a complex and chequered nomenclatural history, particularly during the middle

period of this century.

Cymatium exaratum is recognisable by its short, squat shape (although some specimens, particularly those

dredged on the shelf in 60-100 m, have moderately long anterior canals), its stepped spire outlines, its prominent

sculpture of large, widely spaced axial costae crossed by prominent, narrow, widely spaced spiral cords, the

uppermost two of which, at the shoulder angle and immediately below it, are deeply subdivided by a median groove

down the whole height of the shell, and the next lowest two or three of which are weakly subdivided by a median

groove where they cross the varices and. on a few large specimens, are very weakly subdivided across the rest of the

last whorl. Its protoconch is tall and narrowly conical, and slightly larger than that of any other species in this

group. Living specimens have a pale straw-yellow to very pale greenish brown periostracum. bearing a high, thin,

bristle-fringed lamina down the crest of each axial costa.

I have previously (BEU, 1971: 108) pointed out the great similarity of Lotorium kiiensis [Cymatium

exaratum of early workers on Japanese molluscs, such as Lischke, 1871: pi. 2, figs 15-17] to Australian and New

Zealand specimen of C. exaratum , and treated L. kiiensis as a geographic subspecies of C. exaratum , even though

significant differences were not obvious. Now that 1 have seen much more material of the forms from both areas, a

range of specimens from New Caledonia and the Coral Sea (see below), and a specimen from Hawaii, I am unable

to detect any significant differences at all between populations from anywhere around the Pacific, and I regard the

many names listed in the synonymy as synonyms of a single species.

In his magnificently illustrated book on Japanese Mollusca, OKUTANI (1986: I 12, 4th fig., on left at top

of page) illustrated a living specimen of "Turritriton kiiensis ", clearly showing an identical bristled, lamellate

periostracum and an identical red-spotted pink head-foot to those of living specimens collected in Australia and New

Zealand. There is no doubt that Japanese specimens are conspecific with those from the Australasian-New

Caledonian population. Cymatium exaratum appears to be another "Pacific fringe" species, with a distribution

similar to that of Pacific records of C. parthenopeum and Charonia lampas.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

I previously (Beu, 1971) regarded Cymatium durbanense (E.A. Smith, 1899) as an additional subspecies of

C. exaratum , but examination of further specimens has shown that this is a distinct species with much higher,

narrower and more deeply subdivided spiral cords and a shorter and wider protoconch than in Japanese and

Australasian-New Caledonian populations of C. exaratum.

Dunker (1871: 166) stated that Tritonium granulatum , from Bass Strait, is "Species eximia ad Simpula

kleinii [sic] pertinens". presumably intending a comparison with the South African Recent species Cymatium

(Monoplex) klenei (Sowerby). This suggests that T. granulatum is a synonym of C exaratum. the only Bass Strait

species resembling C. klenei. However, both this and T. fraterculus Dunker, 1871 are unrecognisable without type

specimens; none are proposed here because of the possibility of type material remaining in Germany.

Cymatium (Mo nop lex) penniketi sp. nov.

Figs 23 j, 28 a-j, 29 e, h

Cymatium vespaceum - Bosch et ai, 1982: 79: 1995: 100, fig. 364.

Type data. — Holotype mnhn (ex NZGS WM13281, Figs 23 j, 28 e. g) and 26 paratypes: 20 NZGS

WM13281 (Figs 28 a-d, f. h-j), 2 MNHN, 1 AMS C202739. 1 BMNH 1996033, 1 USNM 880223, 1 AMNH 226540

from Masirah Island, south coast of Oman, Gulf of Arabia, collected and presented by Don and Eloise Bosch;

2 paratypes NZGS WM13512 from Muscat, Oman, collected and presented by Don and Eloise Bosch.

DISTRIBUTION. — I know Cymatium penniketi only from Don and Eloise Bosch's material from Oman. It

seems likely to occur along the coast of East Africa as well; very poorly known.

Description. — Shell moderately small for species group (maximum H ca 38) but relatively short and

wide, with moderately tall, strongly stepped spire, strongly shouldered whorls, and moderately long, straight,

widely open anterior siphonal canal. Only terminal varix or last two varices present on all material available;

penultimate varix weak and low' to prominent and thin; terminal varix prominent, thin, weakly excavated

abaperturally. Axial sculpture of teleoconch commencing as 15-18 low costae on early spire whorls, rapidly

increasing in size and spacing down shell, so only 3-6 high, rounded, widely spaced folds in last intervariceal

interval, all folds anteroposteriorly compressed and abruptly terminated at shoulder angle, fading out anteriorly

below third or fourth spiral cord below shoulder angle; whole teleoconch surface crossed by low, irregular, in many

cases poorly defined, wide, flat-topped axial ridges, forming low, quadrate gemmae at intersections w'ith spiral cords

and secondary and tertiary spiral threads. Spiral sculpture of narrow, well raised, widely spaced spiral cords, all

remaining strictly undivided by grooves down entire teleoconch; two on early spire whorls, the third revealed as

suture descends on penultimate whorl; 6 major ones passing on to terminal varix on last whorl, plus 8-10 on neck

and canal; several secondary and tertiary spiral threads on sutural ramp, one secondary thread and a few (variable)

tertiary threads in interspaces of 6 lower major cords. Sutural ramp wide, sloping gently, strongly concave; more

marked than in related species. Aperture oval, with callused, white lips as in C. comptum and C. vespaceum ;

interior of outer lip bearing seven low nodules, each of which bears two narrow ridges, except uppermost (adapical)

nodule which bears three ridges in most specimens; inner lip with one prominent transverse parietal ridge, 2-3

prominent transverse ridges on columellar base, and variable, low, anastomosing transverse ridges on central

columella of well callused specimens. Protoconch large, tall, of 4.5-5 whorls, weakly inflated; similar in height to

but wider than those of C. comptum and C. vespaceum. Exterior of teleoconch pale to medium grey-brown, pale

fawn-grey on a few specimens; large nodules of last two whorls paler than background on most specimens; varices

darker than background medially, but banded white at suture and again at a weakly defined pale peribasal band

between third and fourth cords below shoulder angle. Interior of aperture pale to dark red-brown, clearly bisected by

pale peribasal band.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 35.1, D 20.6; paratypes, NZGS WM 13281: H 28.3, D 16.6; H 29.4. D 16.2;

paratypes, NZGS WM13512: H 35.8. D 20.7; H 38.3, D 20.8.

REMARKS. — Cymatium penniketi sp. nov. shares the narrow, well raised, undivided spiral cords of C.

comptum with the greyish overall colour pattern of C. vespaceum , and has a wider shape, wider and flatter sutural

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 28. — Cymatium (Monoplex) penniketi sp. nov., all from Masirah I., Oman. — a-d. f. h-j, 3 paratypes, NZGS

WM13281; a. x4.3; b. c, f. xl.5; d. x35; h. x18; i. x 15; j. xl6. — e, g, holotype mnhn (ex NZGS WM13281),

all data as for paratypes, xl.5.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

ramp and larger nodules, and wider protoconch than either of its most similar congeners. The axial costellae also are

wider and more flat-topped than in any similar species. The presence of only one or, at most, two varices is unique,

also; C. compturn seems always to produce at least two, C. vespaceum and C. exaratum have at least three varices

on large shells, and C. thersites has at least four varices.

Etymology. — The species name honours my old friend Bob Penniket, formerly of Warkworth, northern

New Zealand, whose large and scientifically valuable collection of Ranellidae, Bursidae and Personidae passed to the

Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences on his untimely death in January 1991.

Cymatium (Monoplex) thersites (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 23 m, 29 f-g, j-m

Triton thersites Reeve, 1844a: pi. 13, fig. 48.

Triton thersites - Reeve, 1844c: 115. — Kustp.r & Kobelt, 1878: 243. pi. 67. figs 3-4.

Triton (Guttumium) thersites - Kobelt. 1878a: 361.

Triionium (Ranutaria) thersites - Tapparone-Canefri. 1881: 34.

Aquillus thersites - Schepman, 1907: 181.

Triton (Guttumium) vespaceum - Tryon, 1880: 22. pi. 12. figs 99-100 (only ).

Cymatium (Monoplex) vespaceum - Wilson. 1993: 246. pi. 42. figs 3 a-b (only). -

Type data. Triton thersites: 2 syntypes in BMNH 1967631. without locality (Figs 29 j-k). Although

neither of these appears to be the figured syntype. the larger syntype (H 47.5) is here designated the lectotype.

Paralectotype. MCZ 188154. "Philippine Islands", ex Cuming Colin and C.B. Adams CoHn^The type locality is

here designated as Roebuck Bay, Broome. Western Australia.

Other material examined (all in nzgs). — Western

Australia. Roebuck Bay. Broome. 1951(13 nzgs WM10532). —

Broome (16 nzgs WM1468I. 1 nzgs WM8438. 1 nzgs WMI5539;

Figs 29 l-m). — Broome, ex Pennikei Colin (1 nzgs WM 15538). —

Causeway Beach. Dampier. low tide, muddy beach, 22 Sept. 1972.

N. Colman (1 nzgs WM13012). — Nor’west Cape (2 nzgs

WM 14673). — Port Hedland. 6 m. ex Penniket Colin (I nzgs

WM 15540). — Dampier. ex Penniket Colin (2 nzgs WM 15541). —

80-Mile Beach, ex Penniket Colin (2 nzgs WM 15534). — Exmouth,

low tide. August 1972. N. Coleman (1 Iv nzgs WM1301I). —

Learmonth. Exmouth Gulf (4 nzgs WMI2704). — Exmouth Gulf.

Sept. 1971 (3 NZGS WM 14670). — Exmouth, ex Penniket Colin (3

nzgs WM 15537. Fig. 23 m). — Cape Keraudren (I nzgs

WM 14685). — Mangrove Bay. Nor'west Cape. Aug. 1985 (1 nzgs

WM 14672). — Darwin (I nzgs WM 14671). —“ Cape Preston,

intertidal (2 nzgs WM 10843).— plus many other lots in Australian

museums.

Eastern Australia. Yeppoon. Queensland, beach (2 nzgs

WM 10574). — Taylor’s Reef. N. Queensland (3 nzgs WM 15536).

Philippine Islands. Coron. Palawan, ex Penniket Colin (1 nzgs

WM 15535).

Mauritius, Indian Ocean. Mauritius, coll. J Closel (2 nzgs

WM 13842).

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium thersites is common along the northwestern coast of Australia between

Broome and Darwin, and almost all the material I have seen is from this area. However, I have seen specimens also

from Mauritius, from the Philippine Islands and from Queensland, Australia, so it probably occurs uncommonly

throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific. No specimens are present in the New Caledonian collections of MNHN.

DIMENSIONS. — Triton thersites (lectotype): H 47.5, D 26.3; paralectotype: H 43.3, D 24.4. - Mauritius,

NZGS WM 13842: H 58.8, D 28.8. - Broome. NZGS WM 15539: H 54.3, D 28.9. - Nor'West Cape, NZGS

WM 10845: H 54.0, D 31.2. - Roebuck Bay. Broome. NZGS WM 10532: H 57.5, D 25.6.

Remarks. — As Cymatium thersites has been regarded as part of the variation of C. vespaceum by almost

all authors since Tryon (1880: 22) treated Triton thersites , T. elongatus and T. gracilis as synonyms of T.

vespaceum, almost no synonymy can be listed, and almost no modem or fossil records have been published. The

sole usage of the name I am aware of since Tryon (1880) is Schepman's (1907) record of a Pleistocene fossil

from Celebes. However, examination of Reeve's types of Triton thersites showed that they are the highly

distinctive, elaborately sculptured species, similar to C. vespaceum , so commonly seen in collections from

northern Western Australia (notably from around Broome). Distinctive characters of C. thersites are its extremely

prominent, narrow, sharply raised spiral cords, with flat-bottomed interspaces each much wider than one cord, its

very narrow, shallow, median groove on each of the upper two major cords, the shallow narrow grooves in the

uppermost 4 or 5 cords where they cross the varices, its larger size (up to ca 60 mm in height, and commonly over

50 mm) than all species in the group other than C. exaratum, its large, tall, conical protoconch similar to that of

Source:

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 29. — Cymatium thersites and syntypes of Triton vespaceum Lamarck. — a-i, syntypcs of Triton vespaceum

Lamarck; all x2. a-b. paralectotype, MHNG 1100/5/2. c-d, lectotype. mhng 1100/5/4, specimen figured by

KlENER (1842b: pi. 3. fig. 2). e. h. paralectotype. MHNG 1100/5/3. a specimen of C. penniketi sp. nov. f-g,

paralectotype. mhng 1100/5/1, a specimen of C. thersites (Reeve), i. paralectotype, mhng 1100/5/5, a small

specimen of C. nicobaricum (Roding). — j-m, Cymatium (Monoplex) thersites (Reeve), j-k. syntypes of

Triton thersites Reeve, BMNH 1967631. unlocalised, xl.4. 1-m. NZGS WM15539, Broome, N. Western Australia,

x 1.25.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

C. exaratum , its weak shoulder angle and relatively steeply sloping, concave sutural ramp, producing a shoulder

that is less prominent than in either C. exaratum or C. penniketi , but similar to that of C. vespaceum , and its

almost uniform pale grey to mauvish grey or pale red-brown colour, banded with medium red-brown on the varices

on some specimens and with a basal dark brown stripe extending down the anterior siphonal canal of many

specimens. The axial sculpture is highly variable in prominence and, whereas most specimens have few extremely

prominent axial folds extending from the suture well down onto the base of the last whorl, forming uniquely

prominent, narrow nodules where they are crossed by the spiral cords, some specimens have very low axial

sculpture, and so lack obvious nodules. In summary. C. thersites resembles C. vespaceum in overall shape, but is

larger, with more prominent spiral cords that are subdivided a little more strongly than in C. vespaceum , and are

intermediate between those ot C. vespaceum and C. exaratum ; its cords are narrower and more prominent and less

deeply subdivided than those of C. exaratum , and it differs from all its close relatives in its uniform pale grey

coloration. Its varices are thin and prominent, and all large specimens have at least four varices.

Cymatium (Monoplex) vespaceum (Lamarck. 1822)

Figs 23 k, 29 a-i, 30 a-k

Triton vespaceum Lamarck. 1822: 185.

Triton elongatus Reeve, 1844a: pi. 15, fig. 59.

Eutritonium rembangense Wanner & Hahn, 1935: 255, pi. 19, figs 14-15.

Triton vespaceum - Kjener, 1842: 18. pi. 3, fig. 2. — Deshayes, 1843: 636. — Menke, 1843: 25.— Reeve. 1844a: pi. 15 fios 61 a-b —

Krauss, 1848: 115. — Kuster & Kobelt. 1871: 179, pi. 52. fig. 3.

Triton (Gutturnium) vespaceus - Kobelt, 1878a: 363.

Triton (Gutturnium) vespaceum - Tryon, 1880: 22, pi. 12. figs 94-96 |not fig. 97 which shows C. pfeijferianum, nor figs 99-100 which show C.

thersites ]. — Smith. 1891: 413.

Tritonium (Ranularia) vespaceum - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 36.

Aquillus vespaceus - ScHEPMAN, 1907: 181.

A (pi ill us (Turritriton) vespaceus - Schepman. 1909: 111.

Cymatium vespaceum - Iredale, 1910: 71. —?Verco, 1912: 219. — Oliver, 1915: 528. — Kuroda & Habe. 1952: 51. — Barnard, 1963:

28.

not Cymatium vespaceum - Hinton, 1978: 30, fig. 9. — Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 108, pi. 5, fig. 2. — Cosel, 1982: 54 [= C. comptum]

NOT Cymatium vespaceum - Bosch el al. 1982: 79; 1995: 100, fig. 364 [= C. penniketi].

Triton (Simpulum) vespaceum - Tesch. 1915: 67, pi. 82, figs 147 a-b.

Cymatium respaceum (sic) - Turton. 1932: III.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) vespaceum - WlSSEMA, 1947: 151.

? Cymatium (Lampusia) vespaceum - Beets, 1950a: 246.

Turritriton vespaceus - Habe& KOSUGE. 1966a: 43. pi. 15. fig. 12.

Cymatium (Turritriton) vespaceum - Beu, 1985: 60. — Lai, 1989: 125. fig. 46. — Piech. 1993: 90. figs 3-6. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: I OS

pi. 21, fig. 4.

Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum - Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 113, pi. 31. fig. 2.

NOT Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum - Warmke & Abbott. 1962: 101. pi. 18. fig. b. — Abbott. 1974: 163. fig. 1754. — Rios, 1975- 79 fig

322. — Saunders, 1980: 5, upper fig. — Coelho et al.. 1981: 124, fig. 9 [= C. comptum].

NOT Cymatium (Septa) vespaceum - Kay. 1979: fig. 79 F [= C. labiosum].

Cymatium (Monoplex) vespaceum - Wilson, 1993: 246 (not pi. 42, figs 3 a-b. which shows C. thersites].

Triton elongatus - Reeve. 1844c: 117. — K0STER& Kobelt. 1876: 208, pi. 58, fig. 9.

Triton (Gutturnium) elongatus - Kobelt. 1878a: 363.

Tritonium (Ranularia) elongation - Tapparone-Canefri. 1881: 35.

Aquillus (Turritriton) elongatus, var. - Schepman, 1909: 112.

Cymatium elongation - Turton, 1932: 110. — Yen. 1942: 215.

Eutritonium rembangense - Pannekoek, 1936: 42.

Tritonium (Gutturnium) gracile - Brazier, 1877: 173.

TCymatium pileare - Beets, 1950b: 333.

Cymatium (Lampusia) bayeri - Kanno et al.. 1982: 106, pi. 19, figs 2 a-b.

Cymatium comptum - Drivas& Jay. 1988: 64. pi. 17, fig. 11.

Type data. — Dr Y. Finet, MHNG, has kindly supplied photographs, colour transparencies, and notes on

the Five specimens now identified as syntypes of Triton vespaceus in Lamarck’s collection. The annotations by

Rosalie de Lamarck on Lamarck's copy of Lamarck (1822) record only two original syntypes, so it is clear that

the other 3 specimens have been added to the "syntypes" in the intervening years. The 5 specimens identified as

syntypes at present are as follows: (I) MHNG 1100/5/4 (Figs 29 c-d), C. vespaceum of subsequent authors, the

specimen figured in ventral view by KlENER (1842b: pi. 3, fig. 2, lower); the columella has been excavated by a

hermit crab, as is shown clearly in KiENER's figure, and the canal is relatively straight; H ca 24. (2) MHNG

1100/5/2 (Figs 29 a-b), a larger specimen of C. vespaceum of subsequent authors (H ca 30) with a prominent red-

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 30. — Cymatium (Monoplex) vespaceum (Lamarck). — a-c. e-f. LAGON: sta. 710, Secteur de Canala, New

Caledonia, 30-31 m; a. x3.9; b. x20; c. x64; e, f. x!5. — d. i, nzgs WM15542. Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, boih

x 1 -25. — g. LAGON: sta. 965. New Caledonia, 17-18 m, xl.5. — h, LAGON: sta. 979. New Caledonia, 15-18 m,

xl.5. — i. LAGON: sta. 30, Noumea, New Caledonia, 24 m, xl. — k. holotype of Triton elongatus Reeve, BMNH

1967635. "Philippine Islands", xl.5.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELL1DAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

brown (eroded and polished) varix on the dorsum of the penultimate whorl: KlENER's upper figure (1842b: pi. 3.

fig. 2 upper) seems to be an artistic combination of these two specimens, resembling 1100/5/4 in shape and the

straight canal, but clearly bearing the red-brown dorsal varix of 1100/5/2. This specimen. 1100/5/2. has its canal

clearly inclined to the right (in apertural view). (3) MHNG 1100/5/1 (Figs 29 f-g), a short specimen of C. thersites.

(4) MHNG 1100/5/3 (Figs 29 e, h). apparently a specimen of C. penniketi. (5) MHNG 1100/5/5 (Fig. 29 i). a

juvenile specimen of C. (Monoplex) nicobaricum (Roding). This evidence indicates that only specimens 1100/5/2

and 1100/5/4 were Lamarck's original syntypes. The specimen figured by KlENER (1842: pi. 3, fig. 2 lower).

MHNG I 100/5/4 (Figs 29 c-d). is here designated the lectotype of Triton vespaceus. Lamarck's specimens are

unlocalised: the type locality is here designated as Bohol I.. Philippine Islands. — Triton elongatus : holotype,

BMNH 1967635 (Fig. 30 k), from "Philippine Islands", ex Cuming Colin, a small specimen of C. vespaceum made

"elongate" by its long anterior canal (H 33.4. D 15.3). This specimen has had a severe injury just before secreting

its penultimate varix. and has regrown its shell after an irregular interval. — Eutritonium rembangense: I do not

know the whereabouts of the holotype.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW100, DW150.

New Caledonia. lagon: sta. 3. 5. 21. 23. 30 (Fic. 30 i), 51. 53. 55.

56.57.63.68.99.101,111.113.121. 131. 152, 154. 169. 181. 182.

193. 198. 201.203. 233. 251.261.262, 264. 287. 296. 297. 345. 449,

473,481.483.517,518.532. 535. 549. 560. 672, 695. 710 (Figs 30

a-c. e-f), 731.749. 757, 807. 814, 815. 816. 851. 862. 895. 905. 928,

939, 940. 951. 958. 962. 965 (Fig. 30 g), 966 (Fig. 23 k). 979

(Fig. 30 h). 980. 1025. 1046. 1068, 1069. 1143. 1155. 1174. 1182,

1190.— SW Nouvclle-Caledonie, Canal Woodin, 37 m. Grand

R£cif, Noumea. 5 m, Berthault Colin (1 Iv). — Expedition

Montrouzier: sta. 1242. 1260. 1266. 1268. 1277. 1278, 1284, 1292.

1297. 1304, 1305. — lagon de Noumea: sta. 1355. — bathus I: sta.

DW1235.

Loyalty Ridge, mcsorstom 6: sta. DW430.

These 97 lots were collected from the intertidal zone to 49 m.

Distribution. — Throughout much of the Indo-West Pacific faunal province, from eastern South Africa

(Barnard. 1963) and East Africa, to Mauritius (material in NZGS), but not recorded from the Gulf of Arabia; along

the coast of Asia, in southern India and in Sri Lanka; south to Woodman’s Point, south of Fremantle, Western

Australia, and to Moreton Bay in southern Queensland, and throughout New Caledonia; through the western Pacific

archipelagoes, at Tonga, Fiji, and Vanuatu, and north to at least Taiwan, but not recorded as far east as Hawaii

(Kay, 1979). In common with most other Indo-West Pacific species that do not reach Hawaii, true C. vespaceum

is virtually unknown in the western Atlantic, but the first authentic specimen has been recorded by PiECH (1993).

Also, the lower figure identified as Cymatium occidental by Oliveira & Trinchao (1993: fig. 2.2) appears to

show C. vespaceum from Brazil. Reported as a fossil from Miocene and younger rocks of the Philippines and

Indonesia.

Dimensions. —Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, coll. I. Scott, ex J.R. Penniket Colin, nzgs WM15542 (Figs 30

d, i): H 52.0, D 25.2. - Queensland, ex J.R. Penniket Colin, NZGS WMI5543: H 48.6, D 24.9. - New Caledonia,

LAGON: sta. 287: H 52.5, D 21.5; sta. 965: H 60.0, D 24.7.

Remarks. — Cymatium vespaceum is relatively small (to ca 60 mm high, but few specimens tire over

40 mm high) and is easily recognised by its prominent sculpture, with crisp, narrow, widely spaced spiral cords

that are subdivided only faintly by a median groove, and then only over the varices, and only on the uppermost two

cords, on all but a few, very large specimens (on which the faint groove may extend over the last intervariceal

interval, and to the next lowest two cords over the varices). Most specimens have a few, prominent axial folds,

many close, regular, narrow axial costellae, and a relatively long anterior canal. Whereas a few specimens are

uniform red-brown to almost black 1 , except for the consistent pale peribasal band, much the majority of specimens

is markedly banded pale brownish to mauvish grey and medium red-brown, the spiral interspaces being darker than

the cords (much more markedly on early whorls than on the last one) and the varices being red-brown except where

crossed by white cords immediately below the suture, at the shoulder angle, at the peribasal pale band (between the

third and fourth cords below the shoulder) and at the base of the terminal varix. The protoconch is the smallest and

narrowest of those of species in this group. Reeve's holotype of Triton elongatus represents a common form of

C. vespaceum with a long anterior canal, and agrees with normal C. vespaceum samples in sculpture, size and

colour. This is the species that has usually been known as Triton (or Cymatium) gracilis in the Indo-West Pacific,

whereas C. comptum has usually been identified as T. gracilis in the western Atlantic; Reeve's (1844a) syntypes

of T. gracilis are juvenile specimens of C. pfeijferianum (see below).

L Garcia-Talavera (1997) appears to have named this dark colour form of C. vespaceum as C. indomelanicum ; its status is

unclear. If it is really limited to the Indian Ocean, it probably is yet another valid Cymatium species.

100

ALAN G. BEU

The illustration by Wanner & Hahn (1935: 255, pi. 19, figs 14-15) of the holotype of Eutritonium

rembangense shows a specimen that does not differ in any significant characters from Cymatium vespaceum , and

this name appears to be another synonym of C. vespaceum , despite BEETS' (1950b: 333) synonymising E.

rembangense with C. pileare. Examination of the holotype is clearly needed to confirm the identity (whereabouts

not known to me). The specimen is from the Miocene Rembang fauna at locality 160, 900 m north of Soemberan

(Wanner & Hahn, 1935: fig. 2), near Rembang on the north coast of Java.

Cymatium (Monoplex) fittkaui Parth, 1991

Fig. 23 f

Cymatium (Turritriton) fittkaui Parth, 1991b: 206. figs 1-2.

Cymatium ( Turritriton ) fittkaui - Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 101, pi. 22, fig. 3.

TYPE DATA. — Holotype in Zoologische Staatssammlung, Miinchen; from Bohol Island, Philippines

(Parth. 1991b: 206).

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia. Expedition

Montrouzier: sta. 1315.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DWI87 (Fig. 23 f).

Local depth range 65-120 m (alive).

Other material examined. — Philippines. Samar, central

Philippines (1 nzgs WM13115). — Punta Eneano. Mactan 1., Cebu

(2 nzgs WM13184. I nzgs WM14123, 2 NZGS WM14269). — Sulu

Sea (2 nzgs WMI3527). — Mactan I., Cebu, "deep water" shell

debris, pres. F.J. Springsteen (1 nzgs WM 15096).

DISTRIBUTION. — Previously recorded only from the Philippine Islands, now extended to New Caledonia;

probably throughout the Western Pacific archipelagoes.

Dimensions. —Holotype: H 19.7; paratypes: H 19.6, H 28.8 (Parth, 1991: 206). - New Caledonia,

MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW187: H 31.4. D 14.8. - NZGS WM13184: H 37.0, D 15.3. - NZGS WM13115: H 41.3, D

18.2.

Remarks. — Recognition of two specimens of Cymatium fittkaui in the huge New Caledonian

collections studied here introduces the taxonomy of another distinctive species group, the species related to C.

tenuiliratum.

Species similar enough to Cymatium tenuiliratum to cause difficulties in identification, and so revised

here, are:

Cymatium fittkaui Parth, 1991. Western Pacific.

pharcidum (Dali 1889), Atlantic.

tenuiliratum (Lischke, 1873), Western Pacific.

All species in this group are tall and narrow, with a relatively tall spire as well as a long anterior siphonal

canal. They are also all similar in having relatively thin, widely expanded varices; a finely and evenly sculptured

intervariceal surface apart from 3-5 large, prominent, narrow, laterally compressed nodules in each intervariceal

interval; axial sculpture of two orders: a series of weak axial grooves that divide the spiral cords into numerous

subrectangular lozenges (about 20-30 grooves in each intervariceal interval) and very many, extremely fine, low,

narrow axial lirae crossing the interspaces of the finest spiral threads; and a white aperture with seven low nodules

(each bearing two narrow ridges in most specimens) inside the outer lip, and a single parietal ridge and 3-5

prominent, thin transverse ridges on the base of the columella. I previously have regarded subtle differences within

this theme as part of the variation of a single species C. tenuiliratum = pharcidum, but recognition of C. fittkaui

by Parth (1991b) and the occurrence of seven specimens of C. tenuiliratum in the New Caledonian collections

have prompted a reassessment of the complex.

Cymatium fittkaui is the most distinctive member of this group. Its diagnostic characters are: the spire is

slightly shorter than in the other species, as is the protoconch; the anterior siphonal canal consistently is inclined

towards the dorsum more markedly than in the other species; the major spiral cords consist of fasciculate groups,

i.e. each of the uppermost three major cords, around the periphery, has a lower cord closely margining it on each

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

101

side, and then a single cord, with wider interspaces than the others, in the centre of each spiral interspace: the major

cord in the centre of each fasciculate group is particularly elevated over the varices and the high, narrow nodules,

causing a particularly "prickly" looking sculpture unique to C.fittkaui: and it has a much darker and more obvious

colour pattern than its close relatives, with dark red-brown bars on the varices in the major spiral interspaces, again

on the spiral interspaces on the high, narrow nodules, in a subsutural band, and around the anterior canal, with

additional scattered small spots on spiral cords, on a general pale brown ground, except for the stark white aperture.

Cymatium (Monoplex) lenuiliratum (Lischke, 1873)

Figs 23 g. 33 a

Triton tenuiliratus Lischke, 1873: 20.

Triton tenuiliratus - LISCHKE, 1874: 30, pi. 2, figs 18-19. — Kuster & Kobelt, 1876: 230, pi. 64. figs 4-5. — Yokoy am a. 1922'67 pi 7 fio 8-

1926: 341. pi. 41, fig. 14. ’ 1 b ' '

Triton (Guttumium) tenuiliratus - Kobf.lt. 1878a: 361. — Tryon. 1880: 22. pi. 42. fig. 105.

Cymatium (Cabestana) tenuiliratus - Smith. 1948: 9, pi. 4. fig. 2.

NOT Cymatium (Cabestana) tenuiliratum - Nordsieck & Garcia-Talarera, 1979: 120. pi. 25, fig. 14 1= C. pharcidum]

Cymatium tenuiliratum - KURODA & Habe. 1952: 51.

Cymatium (Septa) tenuiliratum - Hatai & Hisiyama. 1952: 256. — Masuda & Noda. 1976: 204. — Springsteen & Leobrera 1986- 113 pi

31. fig. 1. ' 1

Turritriton tenuiliratum - Habe. 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 7. -

Turritriton tenuiliratun (sic) - Habe. 1964: 72. pi. 22. fig. 8.

Relicutriton tenuiliratus - Kuroda et al., 1971: 127. pi. 29, fig. I.

Cymatium (Reticutriton) tenuiliratum - Oyama. 1973: 36. pi. 9, fig. 7. — Lai, 1989: 122. fig. 29.

Cymatium (Turritriton) tenuiliratum - Bi-:u, 1985: 60. fig. 22. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 104. pi. 22, Ties 1-2

Mur ex sp. — Noda. 1988: pi. 7. figs 3 a-b.

Type data. — The type specimens of Lischke’s Japanese taxa are held in the Lobbecke Museum und

Aquazoo, Diisseldorf (R. von Cosel. MNHN, pers. comm.) and his Cymatium types have been examined through

the kindness of the curator. Dr J. Boscheinen. They are not registered with individual numbers. The holotype of

Triton tenuliratus (Fig. 33 a) is a small (H 37.3. D 17.2), solid, relatively short-spired, medium brown specimen.

LISCHKE (1873) gave no locality, and later (Lischke, 1874: 30) cited only "ad litora Japoniae meridionalis"; the

holotype is labelled Stid-Japan (unlike the holotypes ot Triton dunkeri and Triton loebbeckei, which tire both

labelled "Nagasaki"). The type locality is here designated as Sagami Bay, Honshu.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sia.

1148.

Norfolk Ridge, smib 4: sta. DW53. — SMIB 8: sta. DW154 (Fig. 23

g). DW157. DWI58. DW165.

Local depth range 220-372 m (alive).

Other material examined. — Japan. Kusui. Nada-cho,

Wakayama Pref., Honshu, dredged 60-100 m, ex Penniket Colin (I

NZGS WM15544). — Off Tanabe. Wakayama Pref.. Honshu, shrimp

nets, 60 m. ex Gourlay Colin (2 NZGS WM 13843). — Tosa Bay.

Shikoku, pres. Dr T. Habe (I NZGS WM8488). — Off Cape

Ashizuri. Kochi Pref.. Shikoku (I nsmt 48848). — Sagami Bay.

Honshu (I nsmt 49671). — South China Sea (1 nsmt 44063). —

Shibazaki, Sushi. Kanagawa Pref.. Honshu (1 nsmt 41196). —

Kochi Pref.. Shikoku (2 nsmt 40858). — Miura Peninsula,

Kanagawa Pref.. Honshu (1 nsmt 46009). —5.5 km west of

Zyogashima, 100-110 m (I nsmt 40893). — Minabe, Wakayama

Pret.. Honshu (I NSMT50107). — Naganuma Formation. Naganuma.

Sagami Bay, Pleistocene (1 igps 19216). s — Narita Group.

Shinagawa. Pleistocene (I igps 6059). — Shimo-miyata. Miura

Peninsula. Miyata Formation. Pleistocene (2 igps 26875). — Narita

Group. Sasage. Boso Peninsula. Pleistocene (1 igps 19215). — +

several Recent lots each in mcz, usnm, ansp and amnh.

Philippine Islands. Off Samar, pres. F.J. Springsteen (I NZGS

WM 13115). — Bohol Straits, pres. F.J. Springsteen (2 nzgs

WM 15037). — Samar, ex Penniket Colin (1 nzgs WM 15545). —

Punta Engano. Mactan I., Cebu. pres. F.J. Springsteen (4 nzgs

WM 13184: I nzgs WMI4I05). — Off Balicasag I.. Bohol, pres.

Abbey Specimen Shells (2 nzgs WM 14061). — Off Punta Engano,

Mactan I.. Cebu, ex Penniket Colin (I NZGS WMI5546).

Indonesia. "Albatross" Sta. 5618, 240 m. off Ternate Is., Molucca

Passage (I usnm 239251). — Marie! King Memorial Expedition Sta.

AM1I/1-2, off Maikoor. Aru Islands, Moluccas (1 usnm 755473). —

200 m off east side Noekori I.. Padaido Group. Schouten Islands,

West Irian. 5-13 m (I ansp 277614).

Somalia. International Indian Ocean Expedition, "Anton Bruun" Sta.

9-463, off NE Somalia. 11 °24’ to 11 °29'N, 51 °35' to 51 °36’ E. 150 m.

17 Dec. 1964, pres. H.E. Yokes (I NZGS WM 13152).

Distribution. — In Japan, southern Honshu (northwards to Boso Peninsula), Shikoku and Kyushu:

Kuroda et al. (1971: 127) listed many specimens from Sagami Bay. Honshu. Uncommon but reasonably well

represented in collections from the Philippine Islands; seven specimens seen from New Caledonia; three specimens

seen from SE Indonesia; one specimen seen from off Somalia, N. Indian Ocean. Presumably widespread but rare in

the Indo-West Pacific. Widely reported in Japan as a Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil (YOKOYAMA, 1922: 67; 1926:

341; Hatai & Nisiyama, 1952: 256, repeating record by Yokoyama, 1926; Masuda & Noda, 1976: 204;

Ogose, 1959: 33; 1960: 758; 1961: 113; Oyama, 1973: 36, pi. 9, fig. 7, repeating drawing by Yokoyama,

1922: pi. 3, fig. 8; O'Hara, 1982: 46; Noda. 1988: pi. 7, figs 3 a-b).

102

ALAN G. BEU

Dimensions.— Kusui, Nada-cho, nzgs WM15544: H 35.0. D 16.4. - Off Tanabe, nzgs WM13843: H

38.9, D 18.0. - Off Cape Ashizuri, Shikoku, NSMT 48848: H 64.4, D 27.8. - Bohol Straits, NZGS WM15037: H

62.8, D 25.4. - Punta Engano, Cebu, NZGS WM 13184: H 55.9. D 20.0. - New Caledonia, SMIB 4: sta. DW53: H

49.7 (incomplete). D 22.0. - SMIB 8: sta. DW154: H 61.4, D 25.4.

REMARKS. — Specimens here included in Cymatium tenuiliratum are quite variable in a number of

characters. Most specimens I have seen from Japan are distinctive in having all primary spiral cords deeply

subdivided into two closely spaced cords by a deep median groove, but one specimen (NZGS WM 15544) has only

the uppermost, peripheral cord subdivided, and the rest single. Japanese specimens are also distinctive in their

generally darker, warm pale red-brown coloration than Philippines shells (most of which are cream to pale fawn),

and their slightly lower spires, less compressed nodules, and thicker varices than specimens from outside Japan. A

specimen in the Whitehead Colin from 50-60 m. Tokyo Bay, is particularly robust and heavily nodulous, with an

unusually short spire and unusually prominent spiral cords, so that it strongly resembles in almost all characters

the Italian Pliocene C. distortum (Brocchi. 1814). C. distortum has the bifid cords, elongate shape and flat-faced,

thin varices of C. tenuiliratum. but differs in having the two uppermost spiral cords much more closely spaced than

the others, whereas they are all equally spaced in C. tenuiliratum ; this has the effect of forming a raised peripheral

zone bearing four closely spaced, narrow cords in some specimens of C. distortum. It appears feasible that C.

distortum was the immediate ancestor of C. tenuiliratum.

Whereas most Philippines specimens assigned to Cymatium tenuiliratum differ from Japanese ones in their

undivided or, at most, very faintly grooved spiral cords, as well as their paler coloration, more elongate shape,

narrower nodules, and thinner, more expanded varices, all seven specimens in the present collections from New

Caledonia have all primary and spiral cords on the last whorl and on the siphonal canal finely subdivided by a very

narrow, shallow median groove. The single Indian Ocean specimen seen (NZGS WM 13152) is a small shell (H

21.4, including an unusually large, tall protoconch) which also has all primary cords weakly subdivided by a

shallow median groove. At first it appeared likely that Japanese, Philippines and New Caledonian shells represent

three distinct species, but this range of variation is difficult to interpret until more material is available from a

wider area and the variation of Japanese shells is better known, and at present it seems best to treat all these

specimens as falling into the single species C. tenuiliratum. It is possible that the apparent differences result

largely from Japanese specimens having been collected in shallower water than most others.

KURODA et al. (1971: 127) and OYAMA (1973: 36) referred this species to Reticutriton , where it had also

been mentioned by Habe& KOSUGE (1966b: 315. Japanese text only ). Cymatium (Reticutriton) is regarded here as

a useful subgenus fora few species with unusually numerous spiral cords - the type species, C. pfeifferiamtm , has

10-11 prominent, narrow cords on the terminal varix and, correspondingly. 11-12 high, narrow ridges inside the

outer lip. The only other included species are C. lineatum (Broderip, 1833), Galapagos Islands, and its close

relative, the Californian Pliocene "Gyrineum" elsmerense English (1914: 215). The C. tenuiliratum group has the

characters of tall species of C. (Monoplex) and in my opinion its resemblance to C. pfeifferianum is superficial.

Cymatium (Monoplex) pharcidum (Dali, 1889)

Lampusia? pharcida Dali. 1889: 227, pi. 36. fig. 2.

Cymatium pharcidum - Garcia-Talavf.ra, 1983: 115. pi. 4, fig. 4. — Finlay & Vink. 1982: 133. — Garcia-Talavera. 1987: 251, pi. 2, fig. 2.

Cymatium (Septa) krebsii - CLENCH & Turner, 1957: 220, pi. 124. fig. 3 (in pari; not Triton krebsii Morch. 1877).

Cymatium (Cabestana) tenuiliratum - Nordsieck & Garcia-Talarera, 1979: 120. pi. 25, Fig. 14.

Cymatium (Turritriton) tenuiliratum - BEU, 1985: 60. — HENNING & HEMMEN, 1993: 104 (in part).

Type data. — Holotype usnm 94887, from "Blake” sta. 293, 150 m, off Barbados, Caribbean.

Other material examined. — Bermuda. 2.5 miles off ihe Lightboum ( I dmnh 96981; 5 dmnh). - Same data, pres. R. Jensen

soul hem shore of Bermuda. 220 m. coll. A. Guesi & J.R.H. (1 nzgs WM 12447).

Distribution. — Western Atlantic, seen only from Barbados and Bermuda, but probably sparsely

distributed through the western Caribbean; eastern Atlantic: La Palma, Canary Islands (Nordsieck & Garcia-

Talavera, 1979: 120; Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 115. pi. 4, fig. 4; 1987: 251).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

103

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 23.6, D 11.5 (Dall. 1889: 228). - dmnh 96981: H 29.5, D 14 5- H 30 4

D 14.7; H 30.1, D 15.2. - NZGS WM12447: H 27.5. D 13.4.

Remarks. — Examination of Dali's type of Lampusia? pharcida and of other authentic Atlantic specimens

supports the opinion of Garcia-Talavera (1987: 251) that the Atlantic member of this complex is distinct from

both Indo-West Pacific species. The differences are subtle, but appear consistent: C. pharcidum is less elongate than

C tenuiliratum, but more so than C.filtkaur, the axial grooves are fewer in number and further apart (about 20 per

intcrvariceal interval, compared with 30-35 in C. tenuiliratum ) so that the rectangular lozenges of the minor spiral

sculpture are markedly longer than in C. tenuiliratum ; the tan spots in the grooves where they cross the spiral cords

are larger and sparser than in C. tenuiliratum ; and all specimens I have seen are small, reaching only about 45 mm

in height and rarely over 30 mm. Examination of a range of larger specimens is desirable to see whether these

differences remain consistent.

Cymatium (Monoplex) gemmatum (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 23 c, 31 a-j

Triton gemmatus Reeve, 1844a: pi. 15, figs 60 a-b.

Triton gemmatus - Reeve, 1844c: 117.

Triion (Simpulum) gemmatus - KoBELT, 1878a: 246 (in part). — Tryon. 1880: 13, pi. 7, fig, 41 (not figs 43-44 which show C. mundum 1

Tritonium gemmatum - Tapparone-Caneiri, 1881: 26.

NOT Triionium (Simpulum) gemmatum - Angas. 1877: 179. — HEDLEY, 1918b: M66 [= C. occidental ].

Cymatium (Monoplex) gemmatum -Bev, 1985: 58. — Emerson. 1991:63.fig. 1-8. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993*62 pi 12 fig 4

Cymatium (Septa) gemmatum - Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 114. pi. 31. figs 12 a-b.

not Cymatium (Septa) gemmatum - Clench & Turner. 1957: 222, pi. 110. fig. 2; pi. 113, fig. 6: pi. 125. figs 1-2 [= C comptum]

NOT Cymatium (Septa) gemmatum - Kay. 1979: 222. fig. 79 C 1= C. mundum ].

not Septa gemmata - Rippincale& McMichael, 1961: 67, pi. 7. fig. 10. — Hinton, 1972: 12. pi. 6. fig. 16 [= C. mundum].

NOT Cymatium gemmatum - Edmondson. 1946: 143. fig. 61 g [= C. nicobaricum).

not Cymatium gemmatum - Barnard. 1963: 28. — Salvat & Rives. 1975: 305. fig. 173. — Hinton, 1978: 30. figs 8-8a. — Sai vat et a!

1988: 102, pi. 13, fig. 7 [= C. mundum].

Septa Umberto (sic) - Habf.& Kosuge, 1966a: 43, pi. 15, fig. 11 [not Tritonium limbatum Roding, 17981.

Type data. — Triton gemmatus : lectotype (designated by Emerson, 1991: 64, figs 3-4) bmnh 198055; 3

paralectotypes bmnh 198055a, in same lot; all from "Masbate". Philippine Islands (although Reeve (1844a:

caption to pi. 15) published the locality as "Island of Ticao"); 3 specimens (not part of the type series) of var. p of

Reeve (= Cymatium mundum ], BMNH 196736. from "Philippines".

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: sta.

D26 (Fig. 31 h).

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 489. 893 (Figs 31 a-d, f, j). —

Expedition Montrouzier: sta. 1245 (Fig. 31 e). 1259, 1306. 1318.

1321, 1323. — lagon de Noumea: sta. 1356.

North of New Caledonia, i agon: sta. 458 (Fig. 23 c).

Local depth range intertidal to 40 m (alive).

Other material examined. — Japan. Amami-Oshima. S.

Japan (2 nsmt 4619; 1 NSMT 46207).

Philippines. Zamboanga (1 nsmt 46205). — Sabtau I.. Batanes

Group (1 usnm 230871). — Marongas I.. Jolo (1 usnm 230808a). —

Davao City, Mindanao. May 1970, 0.5-2.5 m. M.V. "Pele" (I, large

usnm 747813). — Punta Engano. Mactan I.. Cebu (12 NZGS

WM 14263. 3 nzgs WMI4110. Figs 31 g. i). — As above, pres. F.J.

Springsteen (ca. 50 nzgs WMI3526. 5 nzgs WMI41I8). — As

above, e.t Penniket Colin (3 nzgs WMI5549). — Mactan I., Cebu,

pres. F.J. Springsteen (20 nzgs WMI5093). — Bohol, ex Penniket

Colin (I nzgs WM 15550). — Palawan, pres. F.J. Springsteen (6 nzgs

WM 13005).

Marianas Islands. Guam < 1 usnm 620404).

Indonesia. Muriel King Memorial Expedition Sta. ABII, Ambon

Bay. Moluccas (1 usnm 746407).

Australia. Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef.

Queensland, ex Penniket Colin (1 NZGS WMI5547).

Solomon Islands. Bunana. Gela. ex Gourlay Colin (1 nzgs

WM 13870).

Fiji. W. of Ngaratoka Pass, Vanua Levu (I usnm 695079).

Samoa. Mutinui. W. Samoa, ex Penniket Colin (I nzgs WM 15548).

French Polynesia. E. of Tahueia, NE coast of Tubuai I.. H.A.

Rehder, 1973(1 usnm 705501).

Distribution.—T hroughout the western Pacific archipelagos from the Amami Islands, southern Japan,

to New Caledonia and eastern Australia (Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef); uncommon other than in

the Philippines. Not reported from the Indian Ocean, but poorly known.

Dimensions. — T. gemmatus (lectotype): H 28.9, D 14.5; paralectotypes: H 28.6, D 12.5; H 21.6, D

9.6; H 16.7, D 7.8. - Davao City, Mindanao. USNM 747813: H 36.2. D 16.4. - Capricorn Group, Queensland,

NZGS WM 15547: H 37.0. D 17.9. - Punta Engano, Cebu, NZGS WM15549: H 32.1, D 15.4.

104

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 31. — Cvmatium (Monoplex) gemnuitum (Reeve).— a-d. f, j. lagon: sta. 893. Secteur de Pouebo, New Caledonia.

17 m; a. x3.9: b. x65; c. x21; d. xl5; f. x65; j. x33. — e. expedition MONTROUZIER: sta. 1245, intertidal. Grand

Recif Mcngalia, New Caledonia, x2. — g. i, NZGS WM141 10, Punta Engano, Mactan I.. Cebu. Philippines, both

x 1.5. — hTcilALCAL 1: sta. D26. Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau. Coral Sea. 48 m, x3.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

105

Remarks. — Emerson (1991), when recording Cymatium mundum from the Galapagos Islands for the

first time, cleared up the long-standing confusion over the identity of C. gemmatum, and designated a lectotype for

Triton gemmcitus that restricts this name to the small, narrow, pale orange-brown, dominantly spirally sculptured

species figured by Reeve (1844a: pi. 15. figs 60 a-b) as his typical variety (illustrated well in colour by

Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: pi. 31, figs 12 a-b). The much more common and more widespread, larger,

more heavily and crudely sculptured, slightly wider, cream to white species that has usually been known as C.

gemmatum (following Reeve’s illustrating this species as his Triton gemmatus var. (5) is C. mundum (see below).

Cymatium (Monoplex) mundum (Gould, 1849)

Figs 32 a-j

Triton mundum Gould. 1849: 143.

Tritonium mauritianum Tapparone-Canefri, 1876: 243.

Triton mundum - Gould. 1856: 506. pi. 17. figs 297 a-b; 1862: 66. — Johnson. 1964: 112.

Tritonium mundum - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 26.

Cymatium (Monoplex) mundum - Beu, 1985: 58. — Emerson. 1991: 65. figs 11-25. — Lai. 1989: 125. fig 45 — Piech 199V 88 figs l-^ —

Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 65. pi. 12. fig. 5. — Wilson, 1993: 245. pi. 42. fig. II.

Cymatium (Septa) mundum - Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 116. pi. 31, fig. 13.

Cymatium mundum - Short & Potter. 1987: 48, pi. 23, fig. 5. — Drivas& Jay, 1988: 64, pi. 17 Jig. 12.

Triton gemmatus variety p - Reeve. 1844a: pi. 15, fig. 60 c. — Reeve, 1844c: 117.

Triton (Simpulum) gemmatus - Kobelt, 1878a: 246 (in pan). — Tryon, 1880: 13. pi. 7, figs 43-44 .

Septa gemmata - Rippingale & McMichael. 1961: 67. pi. 7. fig. 10. — Hinton. 1972: 12. pi. 6. fig. 16

Cymatium gemmatum - Barnard, 1963: 28. — Salvat& Rives. 1975: 305, fig. 173. — Hinton. 1978: 30, figs 8-8a. — Salvat et al 1988

102, pi. 13. fig. 7.

Cymatium (Septa) gemmatum - Kay, 1979: 222. fig. 79 C.

Type DATA. — Triton mundum : lectotype selected by JOHNSON (1964: 112), USNM 5695 (EMERSON,

1991: figs 12-13); from Tutuila, American Samoa: paralectotype, USNM 612311 (Emerson, 1991: figs 16-17);

paralectotype, MCZ 169249 (EMERSON, 1991: tigs 18-19). — Tritonium mauritianum : types not seen, presumably

in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", in Genoa.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW434.

923.955. 1100. Expedition Montrouzier: sta. 1237 (Figs 32 i-j). These 14 lots were taken from the intertidal /one to 39 nr. all

1241, 1242, 1245, 1277, 1279. 1286, 1289, 1291, 1292. Expedition Montrouzier samples were intertidal.

Distribution. —Throughout the Indo-West Pacific, from Durban. South Africa (Barnard, 1963: 29;

Emerson, 1991: 65) to the northern Indian Ocean, and from at least Taiwan southwards to southern Queensland in

eastern Australia; throughout Melanesia and Polynesia, eastward to Hawaii (Kay, 1979); Galapagos Islands, three

specimens recorded by Emerson (1991: 65); Western Atlantic, two specimens recorded by EMERSON (1991: 65):

NZGS WM15228, south end of Lake Worth, Palm Beach County, Florida, coll. Vera Lyman, ex A. D’Attilio Colin

(1); LACM 115537, Gulf Stream, off Palm Beach County, Florida, coll. F. Lyman, 1940 (I).

Dimensions. — Triton mundum (lectotype): H 29.9. D 16.7. - Triton gemmatus var. |3 (paralectotypes):

H 39.0, D 20.7; H 40.8, D 20.0; H 33.5, D 18.6. - Tryon I.. Capricorn Group. Queensland, ex Penniket Colin,

largest seen (Fig. 32 g), NZGS WM 15552: H 47.3, D 25.0. Maximum size recorded in New Caledonia 38.2 mm

(Prigent, 1994b).

REMARKS. — Cymatium mundum is the valid name for the cream to white species, with a prominent

pilose brown periostracum, and with heavier and more rugose sculpture, a shorter form (in most specimens) and

wider, thicker varices than C. gemmatum. It occurs rather more commonly than C. gemmatum in the western

Pacific, and in significantly shallower water. Also it ranges from Durban. South Africa, to Hawaii, the Galapagos

Islands and, rarely, to the western Atlantic (EMERSON, 1991: 65) whereas C. gemmatum is recorded only from the

western Pacific. Although the two species had been correctly identified, and illustrated in colour, by SPRINGSTEEN

& LEOBRERA (1986: pi. 31), EMERSON (1991) was the first to clarify the types and to report C. mundum from the

Galapagos Islands and the western Atlantic. Other western Atlantic material was reported by PiECH (1993).

The distinction between Cymatium gemmatum and C. mundum was first realised by TAPPARONE-CANEFRI

(1881: 26), who in his synonymy of Tritonium gemmatum , noted: "excl. fig. 60 c", and who listed T. mundum as

Source:

106

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 32. — Cymatium (Monoplex) mundum (Gould). — a-f. h. NZGS WM13871. Mauritius, Indian Ocean, coll. J. Close!,

a. x4; b. xl4: c. x35: d-e, h. xl.5; f. x23. — g, largest specimen seen, NZGS WM 15552, Tryon I., Capricorn

Group, Queensland, Australia,; x 1.25. — i-j. EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1237, 0-1 m. Baie dc Touho, New

Caledonia, x2.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

107

Fig. 33. — Holotypes of Lischke's Ranellidae, and lectotype of Cymatium pileare (Linne) — a-c, holotypcs of Lischke’s

Japanese ranellid species, in Lobbecke Museum und Aquazoo, Diisseldorf (not registered), a. Cymatium

(Monoplex) tenuiliratum (Lischke). holotype, "Siid-Japan", x2. b. Cymatium (Ranularia) dunkeri (Lischke),

holotype, "Nagasaki", xl. c, Triton loebbeckei Lischke [= Cymatium (furritriton) labiosum (Wood)], holotype,

Nagasaki", xl.5 (whitened with MgO).— d-e, Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare (Linne). lectotype designated

here of Murex pileare Linne. 1758, specimen Figured by Gualtieri (1742: pi. 49. fig. G), in Gualtieri Collection,

Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, University di Pisa, x0.75 (photos supplied by Dr Marco Zuffi).

a distinct species, including in its synonymy T. gemmatus var. p of Reeve (1844a: pi. 15, fig. 60 c). It should be

noted that Tapparone-Canefri (1881: 26) included also Tritonium mauritianum in the synonymy of T. mundum

(following TRYON (1880: 24), but T. mauritianum has usually been thought a synonym of C. muricinum.

Although this is a relatively common, shallow-water species throughout its range (except in the Galapagos

Islands and the western Atlantic), and was recorded from the Loyalty Islands by Melvill & Standen (1895), only

four lots of small specimens are present in the LAGON samples reported on here, but this deficiency is once again

made up for by 11 lots, most including living specimens, collected during EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER.

Cymatium (Monoplex) nicobaricum (Roding, 1798)

Figs 23 a, 29 i

Tritonium nicobaricum Roding, 1798: 126.

Triton chlorostomum Lamarck, 1822: 185.

Triton chlorostomum var. pumilio Morch, 1877: 29.

Triton pulchellus C.B. Adams, 1850: 60.

Source:

108

ALAN G. BEU

Triionium nicobaricum - Iredale, 1929a: 345.

Cymatium (Cymatriion) nicobaricum - Clench & Turner, 1957: 210, pi. 111. figs 5-6; pi. 113, fig. 4; pi. 120, figs 1-3. — Abbott, 1974: 164

[not pi. 7, fig. 1760 = C. aquatile ]. — COELHO el al ., 1981: 120. fig. 6.

Cymatriion nicobaricum - Habe, 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 6. — Habe, 1964: 71, pi. 22, fig. 6.

Cymatium nicobaricum - Warmke& Abbott, 1962: 100, pi. 18 g. — Hinton, 1972: 12, pi. 6, fig. 3. — Salvat & Rives, 1975: 305. Ilg. 171.

— Hinton, 1978: 29. fig. II. — Kay, 1979: 216. fig. 77 D. — Garcia-Talavf.ra, 1983: 102. — Cosel, 1982: 54. — Drivas & Jay,

1988: 64.pl. 17. fig. 5.

not Cymatium nicobaricum - Salvat et al.. 1988: 101, pi. 12. fig. II [= C. aquatile].

Lampusia nicobaricum - Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 78, pi. 53, fig. 3.

Cymatium (Septa) nicobaricum - Nordsieck & Garcia-Talavera, 1979: 115. pi. 24, fig. 3. — Rios. 1985: 76. pi. 27. fig. 332. — Springsteen

& Leobrera. 1986: 112. pi. 30. fig. 13.

Cymatium (Monoplex) nicobaricum - Beu, 1985: 58. — Garcia-Talavera. 1987: 253, pi. 1. fig. 8. — Lai, 1989: 123, fig. 37. — Henning &

Hemmen, 1993: 66. pi. 12, fig. 7. — Wilson, 1993: 245, pi. 41, fig. 9. — Bosch etaL 1995: 98. fig. 354.

Lagena chlorostoma - LESSON, 1838: 73.

Triton chlorostomum - Kiener, 1842: 19, pi. 12, fig. 2. — Deshayes. 1843: 636.

Triton chlorostomus - Reeve, 1844a: pi. 8. fig. 25.

Tritonium chlorostomum - Kobelt. 1876a: 47. — Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 25.

Triton (Simpulum) chlorostomus - Kobelt, 1878a: 245. — Tryon, 1880: 13, pi. 7. figs 47-48.

Triton (Simpulum) chlorostomus var. pulchellus - Kobelt, 1878a: 245.

Lampusia chlorostoma - Dall, 1889: 226.

Triton chlorostoma - Smi th, 1891: 413.

Lotorium chlorostomum - Kf.steven, 1902: 460, pi. 17, fig. 12.

Cymatium gemmatum - Edmondson, 1946: 143, fig. 61 g.

Type DATA. — Lamarck's type collection in mhng contains four shells (MHNG 1100/6) of typical

Cymatium nicobaricum identified as syntypes of Triton chlorostomum , and one of them (MHNG 1100/6/3) matches

Kiener's (1842, pi. 12, fig. 2) figure. This specimen, MHNG 1100/6/3. is here designated both the lectotype of

Triton chlorostomum and the neotype of Tritonium nicobaricum. The specimen is unlocalised; CLENCH & TURNER

(1957: 211) designated the type locality of C. nicobaricum as Jamaica. — Triton pulchellus: holotype MCZ

186135, "ex Amherst College", is a juvenile specimen of C. nicobaricum , from Jamaica. — Triton chlorostomum

var. pumilio : no type specimen(s) are known.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta.

265.596, 985. — Expedition Montrouzier: sta. 1237, 1241, 1242,

1246, 1252, 1284, 1286. 1287, 1288, 1291, 1301, 1303 (Fig. 23 a).—

lagon de noumEa: sta. 1355. —New Caledonia, ex J.R. Penniket

Colin (1 NZGS WMI5553). — New Caledonia, coll. W. Doak, ex

Penniket Colin (1 nzgs WMI5554). — Me des Pins, in coral pools.

coll. A.S.W. & S.N. Penniket. Sept. 1984, ex Penniket Colin (3 nzgs

WM15555). — Grand Recif. Noumea. 9 m. coll. C. Berthault. 3 July

1996(1 Iv).

The 12 Expedition Montrouzier samples were collected in 0-8 m;

no New Caledonian specimens were collected alive in more than

17 m.

Distribution. — Throughout the Indo-West Pacific, from Durban, South Africa (NZGS) to the northern

Indian Ocean and Red Sea, as far south as the western end of Rottnest Island, off Fremantle, in Western Australia

(Wilson, 1993: 246; material in NZGS); in the western Pacific from southern Japan (to Kii Peninsula, Honshu;

Habe. 1964: 71) south to Sydney Harbour. New South Wales (Iredale, 1929a: 345) and to New Caledonia,

throughout Melanesia and Polynesia (Salvat & Rives, 1975) to Hawaii (Kay, 1979), and at Clipperton and

Cocos Islands in the eastern Pacific (Emerson, 1991: 68). In the western Atlantic, reasonably common from Palm

Beach County, Florida, USA, south to Bahia, Brazil (RiOS, 1985: 76); rare in the eastern Atlantic at Madeira and

the Canary Islands, and at Ascencion (Nordsieck & Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 102; Garcia-Talavera, 1987:

253).

Dimensions. — Triton pulchellus (holotype): H 15.5. D 8.9. - New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 265: H 52.1,

D 27.2. - New Caledonia, NZGS WM 15555: H 62.6, D 31.5.

Remarks. — Cymatium nicobaricum is highly distinctive because of its orange-red aperture with many

transverse white ridges on both lips, its tall spire and moderately short to moderately long anterior canal, its very

coarse sculpture of high, very wide, rounded spiral cords, with a weak median groove on each cord, crossed by very

variable, coarse and irregular axial costae to coarse nodules. Most specimens have rather regularly placed brown

spots on the cords where they are crossed by regular, deep axial grooves, and many smaller, closer brown spots on

the varices, and many have the neck of the last wdiorl pale tan to medium red-brown, on an otherwise overall pale

grey coloration. The varices are high and very thick, and are strongly shouldered at the bottom of the sutural ramp

on most specimens. The protoconch is also distinctive, being more evenly conical (i.e. with more weakly

impressed sutures) than in most of its congeners. Although C. nicobaricum is unlike other C. (Monoplex) species

in detail, there are no discrete taxonomic characters ( e.g . of the operculum, periostraceum, or sculpture) to separate

it from C. (Monoplex), and Cymatriton is regarded as a synonym of Cymatium (Monoplex).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANHLLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

109

Fig. 34. — Cymatium species. — a. Cymatium (Monoplex) aquatile (Reeve), expedition montrouzier: sta. 1241. 0-2 m.

SecteurdcTouho, New Caledonia, xl. — b. Cymatium (Ranularia) exile (Reeve), expedition montrouzier: sta.

1287. intertidal, Recif de 1 Internet. New Caledonia,; xl. — c, Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare (Linne), expedition

montrouzier: sta. 1303. 0-8 m. Plateau Karembe. New Caledonia, xl. — d. Cymatium (Ranularia) springsteeni

Beu, lagon: sta. 240, New Caledonia, 42 m. x 1.1. — e. Cymatium (Ranularia) pyrum (Linne), corail 2: sta.

DWI. Lansdowne-Fairway Banks, Coral Sea, 59 m. x0.8. — f. h. Cymatium (Ranularia) dunkeri (Lischke), xl. f.

LAGON: sta. 552, Grand Recif Sud. New Caledonia, 38 m. h. smib 8: sta. DWI 58. Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia,

262-290 m. — g, Cymatium (Ranularia) gutturnium (Roding). LAGON: sta. 55. Noumea, New Caledonia. 23 m,

xl. — i, Cymatium (Ranularia) sarcostoma (Reeve), lagon: sta. 558, Grand Recif Sud. New Caledonia. 43 m!

x I -1 - — j. Cymatium (Ranularia) testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve), LAGON: sta. 542. Lagon Nord, New

Caledonia. 50 m, xl.

Source: MNHN, Paris

110

ALAN G. BEU

Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins, 1793)

Figs 35 a-f

Mur ex costatus Born, 1778: 295 [junior homonym of Murex costatus Pennant. 1777].

Murex parthenopeus Salis Marschlins, 1793: 370. pi. 7, fig. 4.

Monoplex australasiae Perry, 1811: pi. 3, fig. 3.

Triton succinctum Lamarck, 1816: pi. 416, Fig. 2; "liste des objets", p. 5.

Murex costulatus Risso, 1826: 197.

Triton americanum d'Orbigny, 1842: 163. pi. 23. fig. 22.

Triton brasilianum Gould, 1849: 142.

? Triton fossatum Gould, 1860: 329 ( species inquirendum).

Triton abbreviate Bellardi, 1873: 216, pi. 14, figs 6 a-b.

Triton parthenopeum vars. milonum and peribrantum de Gregorio. 1884: 95-96.

Triton parthenopeum vars. stimum, sbilpum and antupum de Gregorio, 1885: 39-40.

Triton (Simpulum) acclivis Hutton. 1873: 13, fig. 8.

Dissentomaprima Pilsbry, 1945: 59. text-fig. 1 [larval shell).

Cymatium (Cabestana)parthenopus [sic] var. robusta Belletante, 1954: 76.

Cymatium echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961: 53, pi. 21, fig. 13.

Cymatium (Linatella) valentinei Olsson & Petit. 1964: 562, pi. 82, figs 1-la.

Cymatium fMonoplex) echo iwakawanum "Kuroda & Kira" Shikama, 1964: pi. 62, fig. 7 (nomen nudum).

Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopaeum [sic] vars elongatum. evaricosus, obesum, nodosum, subnodosum, curt urn ,

major and minor Settepassi, 1970: Cymatiidae i-iv, pis 5-9.

Murex costatus - Born. 1780: 297.

Murex parthenopeus - Salis Marschlins. 1795: 462. frontispiece. — Dillwyn, 1817:696.— Wood, 1818: 122; 1823-1825: 127. pi. 25. fig.

30.

Triton succinctum - Lamarck. 1822: 181. — Kiener, 1842: 33. pi. 6. fig. 1. — Deshayes, 1843: 628.

Triton olearium - Reeve. 1844a: pi. 10. fig. 32. — Lischke, 1871: 48. — Bellardi. 1873: 210. pi. 14. figs 4 a-b. — Hutton. 1880: 64. —

Smith. 1890b: 267 (not Murex olearium Linne. 1758).

Tritonium costatum - Krebs. 1864: 23.

Tritonium americanus - Krebs. 1864: 22.

Triton (Simpulum) olearium - Tryon, 1880: 11. pi. 3, fig. 19; pi. 4. fig. 24; pi. 5. figs 27. 29; pi. 6. fig. 37.

Triton parthenopes [sic| - Dunker. 1882: 28.

Triton (Simpulum) costatus - Watson. 1886: 390.

Lotorium olearium - Hutton, 1904: 75. — Moss. 1908: 22. pi. 5, fig. 1.

Septa costata - Suter. 1913: 305. pi. 43 [19151, Hg. 2. — BUCKNILL, 1924: 51, pi. 4. fig. 2.

Cymatium parthenopeum - Iredale, 1915: 459. — HiRASE, 1936: pi. 95. fig. 8. — Kilburn & RlPPEY. 1982: 74. fig. 30, 31; pi. 17, fig. 6.

Cymatium olearium - Maury. 1922: 116. — Barnard, 1963: 21. fig. 3 f.

Monoplex acclivis - Finlay. 1926: 398.

Cymatium (Cabestana) parthenopus [sic] - Bayer. 1933: 41. — Belletante. 1954: 76.

Monoplex parthenopeum - Powell, 1933: 160, fig. 7.

Dissentoma prima - Pilsbry. 1949: 142. — Beu & Kay. 1988: 209.

Cymatium costatum -Nickles, 1950: 86, fig. 131.

Cymatium echo - Kuroda & Habe, 1950: 30 ( nomen nudum). — Kuroda & Habe. 1952: 51 (nomen nudum). — Kira, 1955: 43. pi. 21. fig. 13

(nomen nudum).

Monoplex australasiae - Powell, 1952: 176.— Rippincjale & McMichael, 1961: 67. pi. 7. fig. 5. — Powell, 1962: 94. pi. 14. fig. II. —

Iredale & McMichael, 1962: 54. — Macpherson & Gabriel, 1962: 162, fig. 195. — Wilson & Gillett. 1971: 76, pi. 52, fig. 6.

Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum -Clench& Turner. 1957: 228. pi. 110. fig. 4; pi. 112. figs 7-8; pi. 113. figs 9-10; pi. 128. figs 1-3. —

Warmke & Abbott, 1962: 101. pi. 18 f. — Weisbord. 1962: 262, pi. 25. figs 4. 6. — Kennelly. 1964: 67. pi. 16, fig. 79. —

Abbott. 1974: 165, fig. 1767. — Wilson, 1993: 246. pi. 41, fig. 5.

Monoplex echo - Kira. 1962: 56. pi. 22, fig. 13.

Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea parthenopea - Beu. 1970b: 229. pi. 1. figs 2-3; pi. 3, figs 18-19; pi. 4. figs 20-28; pi. 5. figs 29-34; text-fig. I a.

Septa (Monoplex) parthenopea echo - Beu, 1970b: 232, pi. 1, fig. 1; pi. 3, figs 12-16.

? Murex costulatus - Arnaud. 1978: I 13. pi. 10, fig. 152.

Monoplex parthenopeus - Powell, 1979: 165. pi. 7. figs 1-2.

Cymatium (Septa) parthenopeum - Bernard, 1984: 62. pi. 22, fig. 97.

Monoplex parthenopeum echo - Okutani. 1986: 112-113, lower left 2 figs.

Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum parthenopeum - Beu & Maxwell. 1990: 355. pi. 48 g. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 58. pi. 13, fig. I.

Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum echo - Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 59, pi. 13, fig. 3.

Type data. — Murex costatus Born, 1778: holotype, a faded, orange-brown specimen (Fig. 35 e) in

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, not registered, but labelled " Murex costatus Born, type" inside outer lip; without

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

111

locality; the type locality is here designated as the Bay of Naples. Italy. This species (as with the others in Born

1778. 1780) was expressly described from a specimen in Queen Maria Theresa's collection, and BORN gave the

dimensions of the specimen; this specimen can therefore be accepted as the holotype. despite the fact that in a way

that seems at first sight similar to the citations by LlNNE (1758). Born also cited figures of the species in

previously published books, so that his readers could understand which species he was describing For Murex

costatus. Born (1780: 298) cited illustrations by Seba (1758: vol. 3. pi. 57. fig. 31) and Martini ([in Martini &

Chemnitz], 1780: vol. 4, pi. 131. figs 1252-1253); these figures are all repealed here (Figs 35 a, c-d) and all

undoubtedly show Cymatium parthenopeum of all later authors. — Murex parthenopeus: whereabouts of any

original material unknown: KOHN (1975: 186-187) gave a useful, brief account of Carl Ulysses von Salis

Marschhns, and also stated that "the present whereabouts of his collection is unknown". The holotype. recoded

above, of Murex costatus Born is here designated also the neotype of Murex parthenopeus. The interpretation of

this name relies on Salis Marschlins's (1793: pi. 7. fig. 4) illustration in a rare book; the figure was repeated as

the frontispiece in the translation of his book (Salis Marschlins, 1795). As this illustration has not been repeated

m an y modern works, the opportunity is taken here to republish the illustration (Fig. 35 f). It shows a very

elongate specimen, with the spire tilled up and looking taller than in normal orientation, but the coloration of the

original (a red-brown shell, with a darker brown varix and white spots on the varix), the prominent, wide spiral

cords, and the lack of varices before the outer lip leave no doubt that it represents C. parthenopeum of all later

authors. — Monoplex australasiae : no lype material known (see Introduction); the holotype of Triton (Simpulum)

acclivis, NMNZ Ml 17 (see below) is here designated the neotype of Monoplex australasiae. — Triton succinctum : 2

syntypes present in MHNG. of an original 9 recorded by Rosalie de Lamarck; MHNG 1099/85. a relatively small,

typical specimen of C. parthenopeum, H 82.5, D 53.2, the original of KlENER (1842: pi. 6. fig. 1); and MHNG

1099/86, a much taller and narrower specimen. H 102.7. D 55.2; this specimen has a thin (incompletely secreted)

outer bp. and is the original of Lamarck (1816: pi. 416. fig. 2). There is some doubt about the identity of the

second specimen, figured by Lamarck (1816), as such tall, offshore specimens are difficult to identify, and it is

faintly possible that it is a specimen of C. keenae ; therefore the specimen figured by Kiener (1842). mhng

1099/85. is here designated the lectotype of Triton succinctum. — Murex costulatus : a subfossil specimen ex

Risso Colin in MNHN matches Risso’s original illustration published by ARNAUD (1978: 145. fig. 150), and can

be considered the holotype; it is a specimen of Cymatium parthenopeum. — Triton americanum: 3 syntypes,

BMNH 1854.12.4.525 a-c, from Rio de Janeiro. Brazil "; all are typical, if tall and narrow, specimens of Cymatium

parthenopeum-. the largest syntype. BMNH 1854.12.4.525a, H 95.0, D 47.7, is here designated the leclotype. —

Triton brasilianum : holotype, USNM 5694 (JOHNSON. 1964: 47). from "Rio de Janeiro. Brazil". — Triton

fossatum: no type material found by Johnson (1964: 78); from Hong Kong. China. The status and identity of this

name have never been clarified and. in the absence of any type material, never can be; at this time the name” remains

a species inquirendum, requiring the designation of a neotype, but as C. parthenopeum does not seem to occur in

Hong Kong the neotype needs to be selected with care, and this is not attempted here. — Triton abbreviation:

unfigured syntype remaining in Bellardi & Sacco type Colin. Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali. Torino, no. BS

010.01.011. from the Piacenzian (Pliocene) of Rio Torsero, Italy (Ff.RRERO Mortara et at., 1982). — Triton

(Simpulum) acclivis: holotype. NMNZ Ml 17; without locality; type locality here designated as Manukau Harbour.

Auckland. — Cymatium echo was proposed as a "new name" for C. parthenopeum of HlRASE's (1936) usage!

which KURODA & Habe thought was incorrectly applied to Japanese specimens; but this action actually

constitutes the description of a new species. No type specimen is presenl in nsmt. and none appears ever to have

been designated, but as all usages of this name before that of Kira (1961: 53) are nomina nuda, the holotype seems

best construed as the specimen illustrated by Kira (1961: pi. 21, fig. 13), The whereabouts of this specimen are

not known to me. — Dissentoma prima: holotype, ANSP 181369. "dredged off Singers Island, N Inlet. Lake Worth.

Florida"; PlLSBRY (1949: 142) identified this specimen as a larval shell of Cymatium martinianum, but Beu &

Kay (1988: 209) reidentified it as C. parthenopeum. — Cymatium (Cabestana)parthenopus var. robusta: lectotype

designated by BEU (1970b: 230) as the specimen illustrated by REEVE (1844a: pi. 10. fig. 32), supposedly from

"Tahiti"(wrong); BMNH 1967693; type locality designated by Beu (1970b: 230) as the Mediterranean Sea; with 3

paralectotypes. in MNHN. This name was provided for the strongly varicale form that occurs in small numbers

throughout the range of the species, and is of no taxonomic significance. — Cymatium (Linatella) valentinei:

holotype. USNM 644661, from Pinecrest Beds (Pliocene) at Brighton. Highlands County. Forida, collected by Dr

M. Valentine; a large, typical specimen of C. parthenopeum. — The name C. echo iwakawanum Kuroda & Habe.

MS, for a small, elongate offshore form from Japan, has never been made available, to my knowledge, and is of no

taxonomic significance; I am aware of only one published usage, by Shikama (1964: pi. 62, fig. 7). _ The

numerous infrasubspecific varieties named by (among other authors) DE Gregorio (1884, 1885) and Settepassi

112

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 35. — Cymatium (Monoplex) parthenopeum (Salis Marschlins). — a. c-d. copies of figures cited for Murex

costatus by Born (1780: 298). a. from Seba (1758: pi 57. fig. 31). reduced and inverted, c-d. from Martini

( 1780: pi. 131, figs 1252-1253). reduced. — b. New Caledonian specimen, collected off Noumea in 20-22 m by

J.-P. Arnaud, xl.6 (photo supplied by C. Berthault). — e, holotypc of Murex costatus Born, 1778, neotype of

Murex parthenopeum Salis Marschlins, 1793, and neotype of Monoplex australasiae Perry. 1811, in

Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, not registered, but labelled "Murex costatus Born. Type” inside outer lip, x().87

(photo supplied by K. Edlinger). — f, figure of Murex parthenopeus by Salis Marschlins (1793: pi. 7. fig 4)

copied from English translation (Salis Marschlins. 1795: frontispiece, fig. 4), reduced and inverted.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERS0N1DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

I 13

(1970) are of no taxonomic significance, so it is of little consequence that I do not know the whereabouts of their

type material.

New Caledonia records. — A single empty shell. Noumea, by J. P. Amaud; in Amuud Colin, photographs sent by C.

collected by SCUBA at 20-22 m. between Crouy Reef, Hot Goeland. Berthault (Fig. 35 b).

Hot Maitre Islet and Seche Croissant Reef, a short distance off

Dimensions. — New Caledonian specimen: H 82.2. D 48.0. - Mill Bay, Manukau Harbour, Auckland, ex

J. R. Penniket Colin, large New Zealand specimen, NZGS RM5527: H 131.6. D 76.0. - Specimen from Gabon

figured by BERNARD (1984: pi. 22, fig. 97): H 192 mm. - Mur ex costatus Born (holotype) and Murex

parthenopeus (neotype): H 106.5, D 59.3.

Distribution. — Cymatium parthenopeum is one of the most widely distributed of all benthic molluscs,

occurring throughout the Mediterranean Sea (Bay of Naples, type locality), throughout the eastern and western

Atlantic and the central Atlantic islands, from North Carolina to southern Brazil in the western Atlantic; from

Spain south to Angola in the eastern Atlantic; in South Africa, from False Bay, Capetown, to Mozambique

(KlLBURN & RiPPEY, 1982) and possibly throughout East Africa; the northern Indian Ocean and Gulf of Arabia

(Bosch et al. , 1995); around the southwestern, southern and eastern coasts of Australia, including Tasmania, as far

north as Lancelin in Western Australia (Wilson, 1993) and as far north as Moreton Bay, Queensland, and, rarely,

to Cape Flattery in North Queensland (Beu, 1970b); in New Zealand, common on sand flats in northern harbours

and occurring uncommonly as far south as Fiordland, southwestern South island (material in NMNZ); at the

Kermadec, Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands; rarely in New Caledonia; rarely in Hawaii ( e.g ., 2 specimens in NZGS,

ex Penniket Colin); common in Japan, from Kyushu to Boso Peninsula, Honshu, and uncommonly as far south as

Taiwan (Lai, 1989: fig. 33). Although Reeve (1844a: pi. 10, fig. 32) stated that his figured specimen was from

"Tahiti", this is definitely another mislocalisation by Hugh Cuming, and the present specimen from New

Caledonia is the first authenticated record from the truly tropical western Pacific, living alongside its closely

similar congener C. pileare ; this is another "Pacific fringe" species (with Charonia lampas and Cymatium

exaratum ), presumably unable to compete with C. pileare in the central Pacific, except for the occasional successful

individual.

REMARKS. — At a very late stage of preparation of this paper (June 1997), Claude Berthault (Noumea) sent

photographs of a moderate-sized, excellent specimen of Cymatium parthenopeum collected near Noumea by Jean-

Pierre Arnaud, the first specimen I am aware of collected in New Caledonia. Cymatium parthenopeum is easily

recognised by its moderately large shell (to ca 190 mm high, and commonly 100-130 mm high), its relatively wide

shape, the presence of only one or two varices before the terminal one on most specimens, although a few

specimens from throughout the range have prominent varices down the entire shell, and the prominent, narrow,

white ridges on a dark brown to black ground inside both the inner and outer apertural lips. Most specimens have 5

wide, very prominent spiral cords and many have a weak sixth around the last whorl, entering onto the terminal

varix, and about 10-20 low, narrow, widely spaced axial ridges on early spire whorls weaken down the shell to form

low nodules on the spiral cords on the last whorl. Living specimens have an extremely prominent, dark brown,

thick, alga-like periostracum with many long, thin, fringed axial blades on the crests of the axial ridges, and the

animal's head-foot is densely patterned with blue-green ringed spots as in C. pileare. Living specimens creeping in

an aquarium can therefore be distinguished from C. pileare only by the wider shell of C. parthenopeum (observed

together alive at Dunwich, Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay, Queensland).

Previously (Beu, 1970b) I regarded C. parthenopeum as consisting of three geographic subspecies, the

nominotypical one inhabiting much of the species's range, C. parthenopeum echo Kuroda & Habe in Kira, 1961 in

Japan, and C. parthenopeum keenae Beu, 1970 in tropical western America to the Galapagos Islands. Since then. I

have seen much more material of all forms from throughout the range, a small amount of material has come to

light from Hawaii, and a large amount of material has come to light from a previously unreported locality, in the

Gulf of Arabia and the northern Indian Ocean (Bosch et al ., 1995; NZGS WM 13282, 15 specimens). The Arabian

material is intermediate in some characters between Japanese and Australian-New Zealand material, having the

wide, pale brown band inside the outer lip on many specimens that is also seen on many Japanese shells, but a

weak sixth spiral cord on the last whorl of most specimens, as in most Australian-New Zealand specimens. As

with Charonia lampas and Cymatium exaratum . described above, it is now concluded that a single variable species

inhabits almost all the range of this species complex, and a separate species, C. keenae , occupies the tropical

114

ALAN G. BEU

eastern Pacific and Galapagos Islands. C. keenae differs from C. parthenopeum in having six equally prominent

wide cords on the last whorl (rather than 5, with or without a weak sixth, in C. parthenopeum ), in having seven

rather than six pairs or clusters of white ridges inside the outer lip, and in having much more numerous axial costae

(ca 30-40 per whorl, rather than the 10-20 of C. parthenopeum) and, consquently, a much more densely fringed

penostracum. Most specimens of C. keenae also have a taller spire than C. parthenopeum. The New Caledonian

specimen (Fig. 34 b) is unusual in having three prominent, wide spiral cords and three narrower, equally low spiral

cords on the last whorl; in having six cords it resembles C. keenae, but the cords are not differentiated into the two

distinct size groups in C. keenae as they are in this specimen, and the New Caledonian specimen has the fewer

more widely spaced axial ridges of C. parthenopeum.

Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare (Linne, 1758)

Figs 33 d-e, 34 c

Murexpileare Linne, 1758: 749.

Triton haemastoma Valenciennes, 1832: 304.

Tritonium (Simpulum) beccarii Tapparone-Canefri, 1875a: 587, pi. 19, fig. 7.

Eutritonium gembacanum Martin; 1884: 129, pi. 7, fig. 131.

Cymatium vestitum insulare Pilsby, 1921: 320.

Saginafusus pricei pet ficus Iredale, 1931: 227, pi. 23, fig. 1 .

Cymatium andoi Nomura. 1935: 167, pi. 8, Fig. 21.

Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare orientals Garcia-Talavera, 1987: 245, fig. 2.

Murex pileare - Linne, 1767: 1217. — Gmelin, 1791:3534

rr "0" ?5 6 p, Pl 7 4 f,g. '; g - K< )B ei L r S T876c° pT 9 fig } ' 822: 1822 ' ~ Q- Y & G ~ <833: 539; A.,as. pl. 40. fig. ,3.

Triton pilearis - Reeve, 1844a: pl. 7. fig. 23. — Smith. 1891 413

Triton (Simpulum) pilearis - Kobelt. 1878a: 245. - Tryon. 1880: 12. pl. 6 . figs 31.33. 36 (in pan not of Lmne 17581

Tritonium pileare - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881:24 (in pan). 1 • 1

Cymatium pileare - Hirase. 1936: 66 . pl. 95. fig. 5. — Weaver. 1966: 104, pl. 26, upper right 2 figs Hinton I 97 > i? nl 6 fi, a- ura-

29 fig. . - Drivas& Jay, 1988: 64. pl. 17, fig. 8. — Salvat el aL 1988:%. pl. 12. fig 8 P ' S ‘ 4 ' l9?8 '

Cymatium (Lampusia) pileare - Beets, 1941: 90 (wilh many other references); 1986: 26

Cymatium (Septa) pileare - Clench & Turner 1957: 216, pl. 122. fig. I (in pan). - Kira. 1961: 54 . pl. 21 . fig. 14. - Kay 1979- 221 figs 76

C 77 £ and 77 B.—Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 1 12. pl 30 fio 14 b ’ 8 0

Sepia pileans - Kira. 1962: 56. pi. 22. fig. 14 F

rZ P „‘al P ;L eare ‘, W "T & G o LE 1 T;,lc 7 l- : o 78 - P'- 53 - r '« s l2 - |2a - ~ Short & Porter. 1987: 46. pl. 22. fig 2

Cymatium (Monoplex) pileare - Beu, 1985: 58. - Beu& Kay, 1988: 203. figs 3. 17-20. 42-48. - Lai. 1989- 123 fig 35 -Singer 1990- 20

27. fig. 6 . — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 67. pl. 14. fig. L-Wilson. 1993: 246. pl 41 fig 4 - Bosch e a/ 1995 99 356 '

Septa pileare - Okutani. 1986: 114-115, 2nd fig. left column. ’ P S ' t aL ' 99, fig. 356.

Tritonium (Simpulum) beccarii - Kobelt, 1876a: 46. — Mienis 1990b- 10 fie

Cymatium beccarii - Singer. 1990: 21. fig. 6 a. ’ ’

Tritonium olearium - Roding. 1798: 126.

a TYPE DAT -T Type s P ecimens a "d localities of the several synonyms were listed by Beu & Kay (1988)

As the syntype in Linne s collection in London is a specimen of the Mediterranean species now universally known

as Cymatium corrugatum (Lamarck. 1816). BEU & Kay (1988) designated as the lectotype of Murex pileare the

specimen illustrated in the single figure cited by Linne (1758: 749). which is Gualtieri( 1742- pl 49 fig G)

Fortunate'y, as noted in the introduction, Gualtieri's collection is still present in the Museo di S tori a Naturale e

del Territono, Umversita di Pisa, Certosa di Calci. Pisa, and the Curator of Zoology, Dr Marco ZUFFI has kindlv

gTaltL P ^T'r/^ 8533 ^ I'" 0 ' eC,0,ype - Althou 8 h - -like most mher specimens Su“by

™i £ \ ’ h u lectotype 18 " ol "umbered inside the aperture, it is the only specimen of C. pileare in the

\ S0 A lhC / e 1 , n ° w 0Ubl Ihat 11 IS ,he specimen illustrated by Gualtieri. The type locality is here

bornea, m CoxIiSk Sfi (Ambol " a) ! '"donesia. The present review has made it clear that Cymatium pileare var.

cJi ui, C i 948 ‘ 39 r l W 'i 0n8 y mcluded ln thls synonymy; the holotype is a specimen of C. comp,urn —

?r7ur,T'r P,eare h0l0type m Nutury l Science Museum of Tenerife, Canary Islands. No TFMCMT24

2ZZ SS Sf " in b? -TALAVERA ,1987:^. 2. ,ef, iig, - s“nce it

report by BhU & Kay (1988), in which we were unsure of the status of Tritonium beccarii, the holotype has been

refigured by MlENlS (1990b) and by Singer (.990: 21. fig. 6 a); i, is a small, narrow specimenof C pileare from

Massawa, Ethiopia; in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", in Genoa. '

Source MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

115

Nf.w Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sia.

131. 517. 564, 565. 814. 843. 852. 937. 1002. 1129. — Expedition

Montrouzier: sia. 1242. 1303 (Fig. 34 c). 1311. 1319.

These 12 lots were taken in the intertidal zone to 60 m and. like C.

muricinum and C. nicobaricum , this shallow-water species is

probably under-represented. Again, intertidal specimens from New

Caledonia are found in many museums.

Distribution. — Cymatium pileare occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, from Durban,

South Africa, along the coast of East Africa to the Gulf of Arabia and throughout the Red Sea, southwards as far as

Rottnest Island in Western Australia (Wilson & GlLLETT. 1971: 78) and as far as Sydney Harbour in eastern

Australia, northwards to southern Honshu, Japan (Kira, 1962: 56), and throughout Melanesia and Polynesia, to

Hawaii (Beu & Kay, 1988).

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 131: H 70.0, D 33.4; sta. 1002: H 79.1, D 34.0.

REMARKS. — BEU & Kay (1988) revised Cymatium pileare and the similar species C. aquatile , C.

intermedium , C. martinianum (d'Orbigny, 1842), and C. macrodon (Valenciennes, 1832), and outlined their

distributions and type specimens. C. pileare is the large, elongate species with a red aperture, dark brown inner lip

bearing pale transverse ridges, and long, narrow ridges inside the outer lip, extending well into the aperture. Almost

simultaneously, Garcia-Talavera (1987: 245) attempted to restrict the application of the name Murex pileare to

the Atlantic species C. martinianum , and provided the new name C. pileare oriental is for the Pacific species. This

action cannot stand, as the lectotype of Murex pileare , designated by Bf.u & Kay (1988: 205), and discussed above,

is clearly the Pacific species. Distinctions between C. pileare and C. aquatile in the colour of the head-foot exterior

of the living animal are desribed above, under C. aquatile.

Subgenus Ranvlaria Schumacher, 1817

Ranularia Schumacher, 1817: 253 (misspelled Ranula on p. 77). Type species (SD by Gray, 1847: 133): "Murex

clavator Chemnitz, 1795" (non-binominal) [= Ranularia longirostra Schumacher, 1817; M. clavator

Chemnitz cited in its synonymy (= Tudicla gutturnium Roding. 1798)], Miocene to Recent, western

Pacific.

Tritonocauda Dali. 1904: 133. Type species (OD): Murex caudatus Gmelin, 1791, Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Retusum Jousseaume, 1892: 344. Type species (by monotypy): Triton retusum Lamarck, 1822 |= Monoplex

oboesus Perry, 1811], Recent, northern Indian Ocean.

Remarks. — BEU (1987: 291-307) revised the taxonomy of eight Indo-West Pacific C. (Ranularia)

species, several of which occur in New Caledonia. Beu & Cernohorsky (1986: 258) revised the nomenclature of

the Atlantic and eastern Indian Ocean species C. (Ranularia) cynocephalum. The opportunity is provided here to

revise most other Indo-West Pacific species.

Cymatium (Ranularia) is a distinctive and undoubtedly monophyletic subgenus in which the teleoconch has

a moderately short to very short spire and a very long anterior siphonal canal, and the operculum has its nucleus

near the centre of the columellar edge. Most species are uncommonly found as shallowly as the intertidal zone, or

even in easy diving depths; most records are from dredgings on the mid to outer shelf on soft substrates.

Consequently, this group was sampled more successfully around New Caledonia than were the common intertidal

species of C. (Gutturnium) and C. (Monoplex), considering the fact that specimens of all C. (Ranularia) species are

much scarcer in museum collections than those of other Cymatium subgenera.

Cymatium (Ranularia) armatum (G. B. Sowerby III, 1897)

Figs 36 a-b

Lotorium armatum G.B.Sowerby III. 1897: 137, pi. 11, fig. 1.

Cymatium (Ranularia) armatum - Cernohorsky, 1975: 213, figs 1-4; 1978c: 61. pi. 17, fig. 1. — Arthur, 1983b: 5. — Beu, 1985: 59. —

Parth, 1988: 20.— Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 74, pi. 17, fig. 2.

116

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 36. — Cymatium (Ranularia) armatum (G.B.Sowcrby III), collected at 2 m on rocky slope, west coast of He Ngea. east

of Noumea, New Caledonia, by H. Burban. 1996 (photos supplied by H. Burban). a. x 1.3; b. xl.

Type data. — Holotype bmnh 1897.4.30.2, from "Marquesas Islands ?", ex Thomas Colin. Sowerby

( 1897: 137) noted that Mr Thomas did not record localities for his specimens, "although he found a considerable

proportion of them himself, particularly at Tahiti and among the Marquesas Islands ... The Lotorium is probably

from the same source". The locality is therefore speculation on Sowerby’s part, and the localities of the few

specimens collected subsequently (North Queensland, New Caledonia, Vanuatu) indicate that Sowerby was almost

certainly wrong.

Nr.w Caledonia records. — One specimen (Figs 36 a-b)

found in a small bay on the west coast of lie Ngea. a short distance

due east of Noumea, on a rocky slope, at 2 m depth, with a

specimen of C. pyrum; colour photographs sent by Claude Berthault

(ORSTOM, Noumea) and black-and-white photographs sent by H.

Burban. Noumea, of a specimen collected by H. Burban and now in

his collection. — Near Balade. NE coast of New Caledonia, one

specimen (H 80.6 mm), at 2 m depth, private collection in Noumea

(Berthault. com. pers.).

OTHER records. — * The other seven specimens I am

aware of of this rare species are listed here.

Vanuatu. Pango Point. Efate, after a storm, coll. H. Dale. 2

specimens (Cernohorsky, 1975: 213). — Another Vanuatu

specimen, recorded and illustrated by Parth (1988).

Eastern Australia. A small specimen from Port Douglas. North

Queensland. Whitehead Colin (Arthur, 1983b). — A specimen

collected alive at night at ca 12 m. in the vicinity of Slashers Reef,

off Townsville. Queensland (anonymous article and excellent

colour photo in "Townsville Shellclub Newsletter", supplement to the

Aug.-Sept. 1985 issue). — A specimen collected at 10 m on top of a

coral reef at Faraday Reef, North Queensand, by T.C. Good (Loch.

1987, short note in "Townsville Shellclub Newsletter", no. 13. April-

May 1987. p. 16).

Un localised. A small specimen in ansp, ex Hal Lewis Colin.

A total of ten specimens is therefore known to me.

Distribution. Assuming that ihe reported type locality for Cymatium armatum is incorrect, the

localities listed above indicate a restricted range, from North Queensland, Australia, to Vanuatu, including New

Caledonia.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

117

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 67.5, D 41.4 (Cernohorsky. 1975: 214). - Pango Pt. Efate: H 57.4. D

40.4 (Cernohorsky, 1975: 214). - Unlocalised, ansp: H 47.8 D 36.2. - New Caledonia, Noumea: H 82.8, D

49.0.

Remarks. — Cymatium cirmatum is well known because it is the rarest of the large, spectacular

Ranellidae. and it is a lucky coincidence that a large, attractive specimen from New Caledonia came to light just in

time to be included in this paper. C. cmncitum has a brownish orange to yellowish orange background colour, with

paler spiral cords and pale, cream to almost white nodules on the varices on the last whorl, and so is closest in

general appearance to C. pyrum. It differs from C. pyrum in its slightly taller spire and its markedly shorter and

more strongly twisted anterior siphonal canal and, in particular, in its very much more prominent spiral cords and

axial folds, raised into very large nodules at their intersections, particularly on the dorsum of the last whorl. The

prominent spiral cords form very large nodules over the varices, the uppermost two more closely spaced than the

lowest three. The aperture is markedly smaller than in C. pyrum , but is similar in appearance to that of C. pyrum ,

being brownish orange to medium red-brown, with numerous coarse transverse ridges on both lips. The transverse

ridges are low and no paler than the background in small specimens, but very prominent and contrastingly paler in

large specimens. The protoconch and operculum have not been described, but there can be little doubt that C.

armatum is correctly placed in C. (Ranularia).

Cymatium (Ranularia) caudatum (Gmelin, '1791)

Figs 37 a-d, 40 f

Murex caudatus Gmelin, 1791: 3535.

Tritonium varicosum Link, 1807: 122.

Triton canaliferus Lamarck, 1822: 184.

Tritonocauda caudata vulticula Iredale, 1936: 308. pi. 23, fig. 1.

Tritonium caudatum - Gray. 1839: 111. — Angas. 1877: 179. — Hedley. 1901: 16.

Triton (Gutturnium) caudatus - Kobelt, 1878a: 362. — Tryon. 1880: 21. pi. 12. fig. 92.

Cymatium (Tritonocauda) caudatum - Dall, 1904: 133.

Cymatium caudatum - Iredale, 1910: 71. — Oliver, 1915: 527. — Hedley, 1918b: M66. — Yen. 1942: 215. — Habe & Kosuge 1966a: 43,

pi. 15, fig. 13. — Hinton, 1972: 12. pi. 6, fig. 9; 1978: 29, fig. 8. — Short& Potter. 1987: 48, pi. 23, fig. 10.

Tritonocauda caudata - Ripping ale & McMichael, 1961: 67. pi. 7, fig. 7.

Cymatium (Ranularia) caudatum - Beu, 1985: 59. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 110. pi. 30, fig. 6. — Lai, 1989: 121. fig. 25. —

Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 75, pi. 15, fig. 6. — Wilson, 1993: 246, pi. 42. figs 6. 12.

Ranularia caudatum - Okutani. 1986: 114; 115, 5th fig. top row.

Triton canaliferus - KiENER, 1842: 5, pi. 13, fig. 2. — Reeve. 1844a: pi. 3. fig. 8.

Cymatium canaliferum - HEDLEY, 1916b: 195.

Type data. —Gmelin (1791: 3535) referred to a figure by Martini (1777: vol. 3, pi. 112, fig. 1045;

copied in RICHARDSON et al. , 1979: 129, pi. 112, fig. 1045) which clearly shows C. caudatum of subsequent

authors. — Triton canaliferus : 2 syntypes, MHNG 1100/1; both are typical C. caudatum of subsequent authors,

with a deeply channelled suture. The specimen figured by KiENER (1842, pi. 13, fig. 2), MHNC. 1100/1/1. is here

designated the lectotype of Triton canaliferus , the neotype of Murex caudatus , and the neotype of Tritonium

varicosum. The type locality is here designated as the Philippine Islands. — Tritonocauda caudata vulticula:

holotype AMS C60660, from "Triton" dredgings, Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. This specimen does not differ

in any significant characters from other specimens from throughout the western Pacific.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. The five samples almost all consist of juvenile specimens; the depth

429 (Figs 37 a-d), 656, 695, 749, 833. range is 30 to 95 m.

Distribution. — Apparently restricted to the main western Pacific archipelagoes, between southern Japan

and Sydney, New South Wales, and apparently only as far east as New Caledonia. Most material in museums is

from Taiwan, the Philippines, or Queensland. Australia, but I have also seen material from Singapore and

Thailand.

Dimensions. —Off Keppell Bay, Queensland, largest seen, nzgs WMI3614 (Fig. 40 f): H 70.3, D 32.6.

- New Caledonia, largest, LAGON: sta. 833: H 27.4. D 14.0.

118

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 37. — Cymatium caudatum and C. gutlurnium. — a-d, Cymatium (Ranularia) caudaturn (Gmelin), LAGON: sta. 429,

Grand Recif Sud, New Caledonia, 95 m; a. x3.9; b. xl6; c. x33; d. xl4. — e-i, Cymatium (Ranularia) gutturnium

(Rdding), LAGON: sta. 771. Secteur dc Poindimie, New Caledonia, 34 m; e. x20; f. xl7; g. x29; h. x4.2; i. x68

(note low varix at end of protoconch I, visible through periostracum).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

119

Remarks. — Cymatium (Ranularia) caudatum is the name selected above, under C. cutaceum , as the

senior homonym to have priority over Buccimtm caudatum Gmelin 1791, which is the earliest name for C.

(Linatella) cutaceum (Lamarck).

Cymatium caudatum is very distinctive because of its deeply channelled suture, a unique character in the

subgenus C. (Ranularia), and because of its very short spire, very long, narrow anterior siphonal canal, and pale

fawn to completely colourless teleoconch. Specimens collected alive have a thick medium brown periostracum,

with rows of long bristles on the varices. The protoconch is very small for the subgenus, tall and narrow, of about

4.5 whorls, with a smooth, even, dark brown periostracum (which makes whorl numbers difficult to count

accurately).

Cymatium (Ranularia) dunkeri (Lischke, 1868)

Figs 33 b. 34 f, h, 38 a-g, 39 a-g

Triton dunkeri Lischke, 1868: 219.

Ranularia dunkeri iredalei Beu, 1968b: 25, figs 4-10.

Triton dunkeri - Lischke, 1869: 49, pi. 3, figs 1-2.

Ranularia dunkeri - Habe, 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 16; 1964: 71, pi. 22, fig. 16. — Kuroda. Habe& Oyama, 1971: 127. pi. 29, fig. 3. — Higo &

Goto. 1993: 159.

Cymatium (Ranularia) dunkeri iredalei - Beu, 1985: 59. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 151.

Cymatium dunkeri - Iredale, 1910: 71. —Oliver, 1915: 527.

Cymatium pyrum - Iredale, 1929a: 345.

Cymatium rubeculum (sic) - Salvat et aL 1988: 102. pi. 13, fig. 3.

Type DATA. — Triton dunkeri Lischke: holotype (Fig. 33 b) in Lobbecke Museum und Aquazoo,

Diisseldorf, from Nagasaki, Japan. — Ranularia dunkeri iredalei Beu: holotype and 1 paratype AMS C38219, 2

paratypes NMNZM202778, 4 paratypes NMNZ M211420. all from beach, Raoul Island, Kermadec Islands.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sta.

D2, CPI4 (Figs 39 c-d), D37, D45 (Figs 38 b, d-g), D51. D52, D53,

D55, "no further data". — corail 2: sta. DW2, DW8, DW10,

DW18, DW19, DW31, DW32, DW77. DW79. DW9I. DWI10,

DW125, DW135. DW136 (Figs 39 e-f), DW138, DW139. DWI56,

DW157.

New Caledonia. lagON; sta. 29, 146, 271, 296, 377, 405. 445, 495,

542, 545. 552 (Figs 34 f; 38 a), 598, 696. 716. 737. 1105. —

expedition montrouzier: sta. 1312, 1321. — Lagon SW de Noumea,

Banc Gail, 27 m. — Grand Recif, Noumea, 5 m. under a coral slab

on white sand. coll. Berthault (1 Iv).

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DWI85.

Norfolk Ridge, smib 2: sta. DW6. — smib 5: sta. DW100. — smib 8:

sta. DWI58 (Figs 34 h, 39 g).

Depth range of live-taken specimens 5-90 m. fresh shells in 5-

262 m.

Other material examined. — Australia. Northwest Isle,

north of Cooktown. Queensland, coll. T. Iredale, Great Barrier Reef

Boring Exped., May 1929 (1 ams). — Sydney Harbour ' Triton"

dredgings, Capts. Comtesse and Nash (6 ams C7I600). — Southern

Queensland, trawled off Cape Moreton. in Colin Whitehead (1; Fig.

38 c). — Japanese material is not listed.

DIMENSIONS. — New Caledonia: LAGON: sta. 29: H 70.1, D 42.1. - Norfolk Ridge, SMIB 2: sta. DW6: H

75.8. D 45.8. - SMIB 8: sta. DW158: H 73.8, D 43.7. - Coral Sea, Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau, chalcal 1: sta.

CPU: H 86.4, D 48.0. - corail 2: sta. DW135: H 66.4, D 35.9; sta. DW2: H 68.3, D 35.8.

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium dunkeri has a strange distribution, occurring in southern Japan to Taiwan

(Habe, 1964; Lai, 1989) and in the southwest Pacific but apparently not in between. In the southwest Pacific, it

occurs in eastern Australia (modem specimens seen from southern and northern Queensland; Sydney Harbour

”Triton" dredgings are possibly Pleistocene fossils from beneath the harbour floor), the Kermadec Islands,

throughout New Caledonia, and apparently is particularly common in the Coral Sea. It probably occurs also at

Norfolk and Lord Howe islands.

REMARKS. — It is surprising to find that C. dunkeri is the most common Cymatium (Ranularia) species in

both the New Caledonian (22 lots) and Coral Sea (28 lots) collections reported here. It is of particular interest,

then, to note that several specimens of C. dunkeri in AMS from the Sydney Harbour " Triton " dredgings are

evidently the basis of Iredale's (1929a: 345) record of C. pyrum from this source. A few specimens have been

seen, also, from Queensland in the intervening years. Salvat et al (1988: 102, pi. 13, fig. 3) illustrated a

specimen of C. dunkeri from New Caledonia, but accidentally repeated the name of the following species (C.

rubeculum) in the caption.

120

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 38. — Cymatium (Ranularia) dunkeri (Lischkc). — a. dorsum of specimen in Fig. 34 f, x 1. — h. d-g, CHALCAL I :

sta. D45, Chesterfield Plateau, Coral Sea, 50 m; b. x4; d, f. x 18; e. xlOO (note low varix at end of protoconch I);

g. x 13. — c. trawled off Cape Moreton, southern Queensland, Australia, Thora Whitehead Colin, xl.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

121

Fig. 39.— Cymatium (Ranularia) species. — a-g. Cymcitium (Ranularia) dunkeri (Lischke). a-b. NZGS WMI0I29. off

Kii Peninsula, Honshu, Japan, xl. c-d, CHALCal I: sta. CP14, Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau, Coral Sea, 66 m, x I.

e-f, CORAIL 2: sta. DWI36, Chesterfield Plateau. Coral Sea, 37 m, xl. g, venter of specimen in Fig. 34 h, xl. —

h, Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve), typical adult, NZGS WM13168, Samar, Philippines, xl.5. — i-j,

Cymatium (Ranularia) testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve), the 2 New Caledonian specimens, i. "Vauban" 1978-79:

sta. 9, South New Caledonia, 175-200 m, xl. j, specimen in Fig. 34 j. xl.

Source:

122

ALAN G. BEU

The two species Cymatium dunkeri and C. pyrum tire closely similar in many characters, being (along with

the Caribbean C. rehderi Verrill) the only species of the subgenus with such a deeply excavated columella and rela¬

tively straight outer lip, as well as being of similar, unusually large size for the subgenus and having similar

sculpture of wide, low, round-topped spiral cords, with interspaces each slightly wider than one cord, the interspaces

filled by several wide, low, secondary and tertiary cords, all crossed by 5 to 6 large axial folds per intervariceal inter¬

val and many low, obscure axial ridges. All three also have a similarly shaped inner lip, flared over the previous

whorl, particularly in a mid-columellar lobe that reaches to the penultimate varix. They also all have relatively tall,

stepped spires, with three spiral cords showing on spire whorls below the shoulder angle, and they all have simi¬

larly shaped, relatively thick anterior siphonal canals, similarly twisted and with a few, similar, prominent spiral

cords around the neck. It appears, then, that these are three sister species. C. pyrum differs from the other two in its

larger maximum size, its uniform brownish orange to reddish orange exterior and aperture, its much more strongly

ridged aperture, with seven very prominent, long ridges inside the outer lip and many long, weakly anastomosing,

transverse white ridges crossing the orange inner lip, and its very small, narrow protoconch. C. rehderi differs most

obviously from the two similar Pacific species in the entire inner lip being dark brown, apart from prominent

white transverse ridges. The protoconch of C. dunkeri (present on the many dredged juveniles in the New

Caledonian and Coral Sea collections) is large but relatively short, widely conical, of four weakly inflated whorls.

Diagnostic characters of C. dunkeri are its consistent, narrow, relatively subdued axial folds, bearing low to

quite prominent, pointed nodules where crossed by the spiral cords, its consistent axial sculpture of many low,

wide, flat-topped ridges over the whole teleoconch surface, its 3-4 low, wide minor spiral cords in the upper three

spiral interspaces, its low, rounded, very weakly sculptured varices, its 8 low short ridges inside the white outer lip,

its almost smooth inner lip (with a few low ridges on the basal columellar angle) bearing a large, dark tan colour

patch on the parietal area, and its strongly banded exterior colour pattern, with a dark brown band around the neck

and two dark brown patches on each varix, and generally medium tan remainder of the surface apart from a paler

peribasal band and pale crests on the axial folds, producing two white patches on the varices, alternating with the

dark brown patches. The white callous lobe of the left edge of the inner lip extends over and, in some specimens,

well past the penultimate varix.

Specimens of Cymatium dunkeri from the southwest Pacific differ from Japanese shells in their much paler

and more subdued colour pattern. Most of the surface is pale tan to yellowish fawn, with two slightly darker tan

areas on each varix; a few specimens have tan spiral bands between the main spiral cords. The parietal area of the

inner lip is uniform reddish tan in a large, diffuse area. Most specimens from the southwest Pacific also differ from

Japanese specimens in having much higher and narrower axial folds, bearing large sharp nodules where crossed by

the spiral cords, particularly around the shoulder angle; by having fewer, narrower secondary cords in the spiral

interspaces; by having much less obvious, low, very narrow axial ridges over the teleoconch surface, scarcely

discernible on the last whorl of many specimens; by having slightly longer and more prominent nodules inside the

outer lip; by having more marked ridges on the inner lip; and by the inner lip callus consistently being more

restrained, extending only to the adapertural edge of the penultimate varix. These differences are so marked that at

first I considered the southwest Pacific specimens to belong in a species distinct from C. dunkeri. However, some

Japanese specimens ( e . g. y bmnh 1909.11.2.27&28; "Japan; purchased of Messrs Sowerby & Fulton",

2 specimens) are identical to New Caledonian ones, and a few southwest Pacific specimens (e. g. Fig. 38 c; off'

Cape Moreton, southern Queensland. Thora Withehead colln) are identical to Japanese ones. This evidently is one

species, occurring in two widely separated populations.

Cymatium (Ranularia) exile (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 34 b, 40 a-e, g-h

Triton exilis Reeve, 1844a: pi. 4, fig. 11.

Triton exilis - Reeve. 1844c: 111.

Triton (Guttumium) exilis - Tryon, 1880: 21, pi. II. fig. 88.

Cymatium exile - Kuroda & Habe, 1952: 51.

Cymatium <Ranularia) exile - Shikama, 1963: pi. 46, fig. 8. — Beu, 1985: 59, fig. 18. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 110. pi. 30. fig. 4. —

Beu. 1987: 296, figs 81-85. — Lai. 1989: 112. fig. 22. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993:78. pi. 16, fig. 5.

Ranularia exilis - Habe& Kosuge, 1966a: 43, pi. 15, fig. 15.

Cymatium (Ranularia) exilis - Kilias, 1973: 137, fig. 100.

Cymatium exilis - Hinton, 1978: pi. 29, figs 10-10a.

Triton clavator- J. Sowerby & G.B. Sowerby I. 1826: pi. 226, fig. 3. — Reeve. 1842: 198, pi. 243, fig. 3.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

123

Fig. 40. — Cymatium caudatum and C. exile. — a-e, g, h, Cymatium (Ranularia) exile (Reeve), a-b, NZGS WM 13497,

Mactan I., Cebu, Philippines; typical large Philippines shell, xl.5. c-e. g-h. NZGS WM15089. Mactan I., Cebu,

Philippines; c. x35; d. x70; e. x30; g. xl7; h. x26. — f, Cymatium (Ranularia) caudatum (Gmelin), typical adult,

NZGS WM13614. Keppell Bay, Queensland, Australia, xl.

124

ALAN G. BEU

Type DATA. — Triton exilis : 3 syntypes BMNH 1967595, from the "Philippine Islands", ex H. Cuming

Colin, and I MCZ 188153, "Cebu. Philippines", ex H. Cuming Colin and C.B. Adams Colin. The largest in BMNH

(1967595/1), H 61.5 mm, is Reeve's (1844a) figured specimen (identified by "c" inscribed inside the aperture) and

is here designated the lectotype.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. and white sand. I specimen in R. Jeanpierre Colin (colour photo sent

1129,40 m. — Expedition Montrouzier: sta. 1287. intertidal (Fig. by C. Berthault. orstom).

34 b). — South side of lie U£re, Noumea, dived 9 m. on coral, algae

Distribution. — Beu (1987: 298) pointed out that Cymatium exile seemed to occur in two widely

separated populations, in the Philippine Islands and the Red Sea. The new record from New Caledonia and

Hinton's (1978: pi. 29. figs 10-10 a) record from Papua New Guinea show that it probably occurs uncommonly

throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes, from New Caledonia and northern Australia as least as far north as

Taiwan (Lai, 1989: 1 12). Red Sea specimens are consistently only about two thirds the maximum size of western

Pacific ones, but are otherwise indistinguishable. There are still no records from the Indian Ocean.

Dimensions. — Lectotype, bmnii 1967595: H 61.5, D 28.5 (Beu, 1987: 298). - New Caledonia,

Expedition Montrouzier: sta. 1287: H 52.3, D 23.2.

Remarks. — Beu (1987: 296, figs 81-85) compared Cymatium exile with similar Indo-West Pacific

species. C. exile is easily recognised by being the smallest of all C. (Ranularia) species, by its low spire and short

last whorl, its long, narrow anterior siphonal canal, its low. thin, inner apertural lip bearing many coarse transverse

ridges, the relatively few, large, sharp nodules around the periphery of most specimens, and its unusually bright

colour pattern of large, bright red-brown colour splashes around the sutural ramp, around the base of the last whorl,

and on the varices, on a cream to white background. The single adult specimen in the present collections (Fig. 34

b) was, surprisingly, collected alive in the intertidal zone, and retains its operculum and protoconch. As is normal

for the subgenus, the oval operculum has its nucleus at the mid-point of the columellar margin. The protoconch is

small, narrow, of 3.5 weakly inflated whorls, and closely comparable to that of specimens from the Red Sea and

the Philippine Islands.

The small juvenile from LAGON: sta. 1129 was recognised by comparison with the fine EXPEDITION

Montrouzier specimen.

Cymatium (Ranularia) gutturnium (Roding, 1798)

Figs 34 g, 37 e-i

Tudicla gutturnium Roding, 1798: 145.

Tritonium macrourum Link, 1807: 122.

Monoplex formosus Perry, 1811: pi. 3, fig. 5.

Ranularia longirostra Schumacher, 1817: 253.

Ranularia labiata Schumacher. 1817: 253.

Murex clavator Dillwyn, 1817: 701.

Cymatium {Ranularia) gutturnium - Smith. 1948: 5. pi. 3. fig. 7. — Kilias, 1973: 138. fig. 101 (in part). — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986:

110, pi. 30. fig. 2. — Beu, 1987: 291, figs 64-68. — Lai. 1989: 121. figs 23-24. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 72, pi. 15. fig. I. —

Wilson, 1993: 247. pi. 42, figs 9 a-b.

not Cymatium (Ranularia) gutturnium - Ladd, 1982: 41, pi. 7, figs 9-10 1= C. muricinum).

Cymatium gutturnium - Kuroda & Habe. 1952: 51. — Hinton. 1972: 12. pi. 6, fig. 8; 1978: 29, fig. 9. — Salvat et ai. 1988: 102, pi. 13. fig. 2,

not Cymatium gutturnium - Weaver. 1966: 104. pi. 26. lower right 2 figs — Abbott & Dance, 1982: 123, fig. in top row (= C. springsteeni |.

NOT Cymatium (Gutturnium) gutturnium - Kay, 1979: fig. 78 A (= C. sarcostoma],

NOT Ranularia gutturnia - Okutani, 1986: 114-115, 9th fig. [= C. springsteeni].

Cymatium formosum - Hirase, 1936: 65, pi. 95. fig. 4.

Triton clavator - Lamarck, 1822: 185. — Kiener. 1842: 4, pi. 10. fig. 2. — Desha yes, 1843: 635. — Reeve, 1844a: pi. 3. fig. 7.

Triton (Gutturnium) clavator - Kobelt, 1878a: 362. — Tryon, 1880: 21. pi. 11. fig. 86.

Tritonium (Ranularia) clavator - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 31.

Cymatium (Ranularia) clavator - Altena, 1942: 102 (in part). — Wissema, 1947: 150 (in part).

Type data. — Reviewed by Beu (1987: 292-293). Neotype (selected by Beu, 1987) of Tudicla

gutturnium , Tritonium macrourum . Monoplex formosus , Ranularia longirostra , R. labiata , and Murex clavator :

USNM 849016, from Visayan Sea. Philippine Islands.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

125

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta. 771 (Figs 37 e-i), 820. — Expedition Montrouzier: sta. 1277

DWI54. 305.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 55 (Fig. 34 g), 324. 542, 744, 747, The depth range is 0 to 81 m, live adults are from 0-12 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium guttumium is apparently limited to the western Pacific archipelagoes from

Taiwan to northeastern Australia and New Caledonia, and eastward to Hawaii; in the Indian Ocean known only from

Reunion Island (1 MNHN), not known from the Red Sea.

DIMENSIONS. — Visayan Sea, Philippines, NZGS WM13141: H 86.5, D 42.3. - New Caledonia, LAGON:

sta. 55 largest: H 63.6, D 30.6.

Remarks.—T he characters, variation and types of Cymatium guttumium were reviewed by BEU (1987:

291). It is recognisable by its bright orange to orange-red aperture, made more conspicuous by the inner lip being

flared quite w'idely over the previous whorl in large adults, by its low spire and long, narrow canal that is recurved

in many specimens, by its sculpture of narrow, rounded, well-raised spiral cords crossed by narrow' axial costae, and

by its colour pattern of dark red-brown axial stripes down the axial costae, on a pale fawn background. The

protoconch is similar to that of C. caudatum in most characters, including height and number of w'horls, but is

proportionally wider.

Cymatium (Ranularia) pyrum (Linne, 1758)

Figs 34 e, 41

Mur ex pyrum Linne, 1758: 749.

Murexpyrum - Linne, 1767: 1218. — Gmelin, 1791: 3534. — Dii.lwyn. 1817: 700 (in part).

Cymatium pyrum - ROding. 1798: 129. — Hedley, 1909b: 451: 1923: 311. — Hirase, 1936: 65. pi. 95. fig. 2. — Weaver, 1965: 1, figs 1-2;

1966: 104. pi. 26. central 2 figs — Hinton. 1972: 12. pi. 6, fig. 6; 1978: 29. figs 6-6 a. — Short & Potter. 1987: 46. pi. 22. fig. 3. —

Drivas & Jay. 1988: 62. pi. 16. fig. 10. — Sai.vat etal.. 1988: 100.pl. 12, fig. 9.

not Cymatium pyrum - Iredale, 1929a: 345 [= C. dunkeri).

Triton pyrum - Lamarck. 1822: 183. — Kiener, 1842: 7. pi. 11, fig. 1 (as "pirum" on p.7). — Desha yes. 1843: 633. — Reeve. 1844a: pi. 10.

fig. 33. — Kobelt. 1876c: pi. 9. fig. 3.

Triton (Cymatium) pyrum - Kobelt, 1878a: 250. — Tryon, 1880: 19. pi. 10, fig. 74.

Tritoniurn (Ranularia) pyrum - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 29.

Ranularia pyra - Habe. 1961: 45, pi. 22, fig. 13. — Okutani, 1986: 114-115.2nd fig. right column.

Ranularia pyrum - Habe, 1964: 72, pi. 22. fig. 13. — Wilson & Gillett. 1971: 76, pi. 52. fig. 5.

Cymatium (Guttumium) pyrum - Kay. 1979: 218. fig. 78 C (as C. sarcostomum). but not fig. 78 B [= C. springsteeni).

Cymatium (Ranularia) pyrum - Beu. 1985: 59. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 112. pi. 30. fig. 7. — Lai. 1989: 120. figs 19-20 —

Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 82. pi. 17, fig. 1. — Wilson, 1993: 247, pi. 42, fig. 8.

Ranularia sarcostoma - Rippinc»ale& McMichael. 1961: 66. pi. 7. fig. 2.

Type DATA. — There are no syntypes of Murex pyrum in Linne’s Colin in London, as was reported by

Dance (1967: 22). A single "syntype" (Fig. 22 d) in the Linne type Colin of the Uppsala University Zoology

Museum (Wallin, 1993) is a specimen of Cymatium (Ranularia) cynocephalum (in the sense of Beu &

Cernohorsky, 1986: 260, fig. 3) and. as noted in the Introduction, is not considered to be a valid syntype. Linne

( 1758: 750) cited illustrations by Rumphius (1705: pi. 26, fig. E. queried), Gualtieri (1742, pi. 37. fig. F),

Dezallier D’Argenville (1742: pi. 13, fig. O), and Regenfuss (1758: pi. 6. fig. 60; pi. 5, fig. 50). In the

12th edition of Systema naturae , LlNNE (1767: 1218) deleted the first of the two REGENFUSS figures. These figures

all seem to show C. pyrum of authors, although that by d’Argenville could have been meant for C. sarcostoma.

To tie this name permanently to the customary orange-red species it is desirable to propose a lectotype from among

these figured specimens. The figure by Gualtieri (1742: pi. 37, fig. G: repeated here as Fig. 41) is clearly

Cymatium pyrum of subsequent authors, and presumably shows a specimen that could still be recognised in

Gualtieri’s Colin in Pisa; this specimen is here designated the lectotype of Murex pyrum. This species is unique

among Linnean ranellids in having no synonyms.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW1 (Fig. 34 e).

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 16, 71. — West coast of Hot Ngea, east

of Noumea, 2 m. coll. H. Burban (1). — Reef southwest of Hot

Crouy, southwest of Noumea, coll. R. Jeanpierre (1 Iv; the specimen

bears large reddish brown ringed spots on the head-foot, as in the

specimen mentioned above in the discussion of subgenera,

illustrated byORR(I985: 97)).

126

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 41. — Cymatium (Ranularia) pyrum (Linne). lectotype; reproduction (inverted) of figure by Gualtieri (1742: pi. 37,

fig. F). [Specimen drawn with aperture tilled slightly towards observer, rather than in standard orientation with

coiling axis vertical).

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium pyrum occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific faunal province, from East

Africa and Mauritius (Drivas & Jay. 1988) to the northern Indian Ocean, from southern Japan (to Sagami Bay,

Honshu; Habe, 1964: 72) to Queensland, Australia and to New Caledonia, and eastward through Polynesia to

'Hawaii (Kay, 1979).

Dimensions. — corail 2: sta. DW1: H 107.1. D 57.8. - Tryon I.. Capricorn Group. Queensland, NZGS

WM10163: H 114.6, D 56.9. Maximum size recorded in New Caledonia 122.6 mm (PRIGENT, 1995).

Remarks. — This is a very' well known, large, uniform brownish orange to reddish orange species. Its

differences from the closely related C. dunkeri are discussed above. The name pyrum (Latin, pear) is a noun in

apposition, and is not to be declined. Available specimens do not have a complete protoconch.

Cymatium (Ranularia) sarcostoma (Reeve, 1844)

Fig. 34 i

Triton sarcostoma Reeve, 1844a: pi. 7, fig. 21.

Triton sarcostoma - Reeve, 1844c: 113.

Tritonium (Gutturnium) sacrostoma (sic) - Brazier. 1877: 173.

Triton (Gutturnium) sarcostoma - Kobelt, 1878a: 360. — Tryon, 1880: 20, pi. 10, fig. 75.

Tritonium (Ranularia) sarcostoma - Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 30.

Ranularia sarcostoma - Habe& KosUGE. 1966a: 44, pi. 15. fig. 17.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) sarcostomum - Kay. 1979: 218, fig. 78A (as C. gutturnium) but not fig. 78 C |= C. pyrum].

Cymatium (Ranularia) sarcostomum - Beu, 1985: 59. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 110, pi. 30, fig. I. — Lai, 1989: 121, fig. 21. —

Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 83. pi. 17. fig. 3. —Wilson, 1993: 247. pi. 42, fig. 5 (not figs 7 a-b. which show C. cynocephalum].

not Cymatium (Ranularia) sarcostomum - Clench & Turner, 1957: 206. pi. 118. fig. 5 (= C. exaration].

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

127

Cymatium (Guttumium) gallinago - Cox. 1948: 38. pi. 3. figs 9 a-b.

?Cymat turn (Ranularia) dunkeri - Lai. 1989: 122, fig. 30.

Type data. — 3 syntypes bmnh 1967600. from

figured syntype, marked "c" inside the aperture, H 64.5 a

Now Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon:

sta. 375. 558 (Fig. 34 i). 979. — Grand Recif, Noumea. 9 m. coll.

Berthault (1 Iv). — Another specimen from "New Caledonia",

I. of Ticao", Philippine Islands, ex Cuming Colin. The

J D 34.0, is here designated the lectotype.

apparently collected intertidally or by diving by G. Lee in 1983.

is present in nzgs (WM15556. e.x J.R. Penniket Colin).

Confirmed local depth range 9-67 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium sarcostoma occurs throughout the northeastern Indian Ocean (several seen in

collections from southern India) and the western Pacific, from Taiwan to northeastern Australia (as far south as

Fairfax I., Bunker Group, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland; AMS C69053) and New Caledonia, and

eastwards through Polynesia to Hawaii (Kay, 1979).

34.0.

DIMENSIONS. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 558: H 75.2, D 36.5; sta. 979: H 56.7 (canal incomplete), D

Remarks. — Sarcostoma (from the Greek stoma = mouth; neuter) is a noun in apposition, and Reeve's

original ending should be retained. Cymatium sarcostoma is a distinctive species, resembling C. cynocephalum in

overall appearance, in shape and sculpture, and in external coloration of many specimens, although C. sarcostoma

has a more uniform and a consistent yellow-brown to pale orange-brown exterior than C. cynocephalum. Also, few

specimens have the very large peripheral nodules seen on many C. cynocephalum. The most obvious difference is

in aperture colour, which is uniform pale flesh-orange (hence the species name) in C. sarcostoma . but white with a

large, prominent, red-brown parietal colour area in C. cynocephalum. CLENCH & TURNER (1957: 204-208) were

confused about the characters of the "two" western Atlantic species they identified as C. carihhaeum and C.

sarcostoma , as they actually had only the one species C. cynocephalum before them (see BEU & CERNOHORSKY,

1986: 258, lor clarification of the application of Triton cynocephalum ); all Atlantic specimens have a white

aperture with a red-brown parietal area, and Clench & Turner identified the more finely sculptured specimens as

C. carihhaeum and the more coarsely sculptured specimens as C. sarcostoma. However, C. sarcostoma occurs only

in the western Pacific, whereas C. cynocephalum (= carihhaeum Clench & Turner, 1957) replaces it in the Atlantic

and western Indian oceans. Available specimens all lack a complete protoconch.

Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense (Reeve. 1844)

Fig. 39 h

Triton sinensis Reeve, 1844a: pi. 6, fig. 18.

Ranularia sinensis defranata Iredale, 1936: 308, pi. 23, fig. 2.

Triton sinensis - Reeve, 1844c: 113.

Triton (Guttumium) sinensis - Kobelt, 1878a: 360. — Tryon. 1880: 20. pi. 11. fig. 85.

Tritonium sinense - Hedley, 1901: 16.

Lotorium sinense - Kesteven, 1902: 461, pi. 17, fig. 14.

Cymatium sinense - Hedley. 1918b: M66. — Yen. 1942: 215. pi. 17, Tig. 107. — Hinton. 1972: 12. pi. 7. fig. 7; 1978- 29 Tig 7

Ranularia sinensis - Habe. 1961: 45. pi. 22, fig. 14; 1964: 71. pi. 22. fig. 14. —Kuroda eta!.. 1971: 128. pi. 29. fig. 2. — Okutani, 1986: 114:

115, 2nd fig. from right in 2nd row.

Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense - Ladd, 1982: 41. pi. 7. fig. 7,88. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 110. pi. 30, fig. 3 — Lai 1989- 122 fie

31. — Wilson, 1993:247, pi. 42, fig. 10. , . , 6 .

Cymatium (Ranularia) sinense sinense - Beu, 1987: 306, figs 113-116.— Henning & HEMMEN, 1993: 84. pi. 16. fie. 2.

ITurri triton kiiensis - OKUMURA & Takei, 1993: pi. 29. figs 2 a-b.

Ranularia sinensis defranata - IREDALE & McMlCHAEL, 1962: 54.

Type DATA. — Triton sinensis: 3 syntypes. BMNH 1967598. from "China". The specimen figured by

Reeve (1844a: pi. 6, tig. 18), H 91.5, identified by "c" inside the aperture, is here designated the lectotype. —

Ranularia sinensis defranata: holotype. AMS C60661, from Sydney Harbour "Triton" dredgings, New South Wales.

This specimen differs from other eastern Australian specimens of C. sinense only in its shorter spire, but spire

height is enormously variable in this species.

New Caledonia records. — lagon: sta. 649.64-65 m.

128

ALAN G. BEU

Distribution. —A form I originally named as a subspecies, Cymatium sinense arthuri (BEU, 1987: 306)

occurs in the Red Sea, but as its protoconch is considerably smaller than that of western Pacific specimens of C.

sinense , this is presumably a distinct species. C. sinense is not reported from the Indian Ocean; it occurs

uncommonly throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes from southern Japan (to Kii Peninsula, Honshu; HabE,

1964: 71) to northern New South Wales, in eastern Australia; the Sydney Harbour record is possibly based on

Pleistocene fossils dredged from below the harbour floor. There seem to be no records from localities east of New

Caledonia.

Dimensions. — Bohol Straits, Philippines, largest seen, nzgs WM14450: H 77.5. D 34.9. - New

Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 649: H 31.8. D 14.5.

REMARKS. — As Cymatium sinense is one of the more common C. (Ranularia) taxa trawled on the shelf

off Queensland and northern New South Wales, in eastern Australia, it is not surprising to find a specimen among

the material from New Caledonia. Indeed, C. sinense was among the species recorded from the Loyalty Islands by

MELVILL & STANDEN (1895). However, only a single immature specimen is present from New Caledonia, and

throughout the rest of the western Pacific archipelagoes ( e.g ., in the Philippines) C. sinense is one of the least

common Cymatium species.

C. sinense is easily recognised by most specimens having an unusually tall spire for a member of C.

(Ranularia ), by its prominent, narrow spiral cords crossed by many narrow axial costae, by its white to, at most,

pale yellowish brown coloration, and by its unusually large protoconch. In addition, the uppermost 3 spiral cords

(one at the shoulder angle and the two immediately anterior to it) are all deeply subdivided by a median spiral

groove. The protoconch (NZGS WM 10143, prawn-trawlers off An-Ping, Taiwan) is very narrowly conical, of about

4.5 whorls, and similar to that of C. caudatum , but about twice the size.

The specimen from the Late Pliocene Ananai Formation at Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan, identified by

Okumura & Takei (1993, pi. 29. figs 2 a-b) as Turritriton kiiensis is larger, more elongate, and with a longer

anterior canal than Cymatium exaratum (see above), and appears to have the uppermost 3 (rather than 2) spiral

cords subdivided by a median groove. It seems to represent C. sinense rather than C. exaratum , although this is not

certain as not all apertural characters are visible.

Cymatium ( Ranularia ) springsteeni Beu, 1987

Fig. 34 d

Cymatium (Ranularia) springsteeni Beu, 1987: 303, figs 105-112.

Cymatium (Ranularia) springsteeni - Henning & HEMMEN, 1993: 85. pi. 15. fig. 2.

Cymatium gutturnium - Weaver. 1966: 104. pi. 26. lower right 2 figs — Abbott & Dance. 1982: 123, fig. in top row.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) gutturnium - Kay. 1979: 216. fig. 78 B (as C. pyrum).

Runularia gutturnia - Okutani. 1986: 114-115. 9th fig.

Type data. — Holotype USNM 849008. from Panglao, Bohol. Philippine Islands, pres. F.J. Springsteen;

25 paratypes from the Philippine Islands in NZGS (BEU, 1987: 306).

New Caledonia records. — lagon: sta. 240.42 m (Fig. 34 d).

Distribution. — I have seen specimens of C. springsteeni from the Red Sea, from Mozambique, from off

southern India, from Sri Lanka, from the Philippine Islands (most material), from New Caledonia, and from off Kii

Peninsula, Honshu, Japan. The specimens also clearly belong here that were illustrated (as C. gutturnium) from

Japan by Okutani (1986: 115) and from Hawaii by Weaver (1966) and by Kay (1979). While the species

presumably occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific between these limits, its distribution is unclear at present.

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 240, H 59.8, D 26.2. - Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, nzgs

WM 15557: H 78.8. D 36.0.

REMARKS. — Until recently, Cymatium springsteeni has been confused with C. gutturnium ; many

museum lots consist of the two species together. C. springsteeni differs from C. gutturnium in having a pale flesh-

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

129

pink rather than a deep orange aperture, in its smaller maximum size, its lower spire, its lower varices flattened

parallel to the direction of coilng, its narrower and more steeply inclined callous rim on the inner lip, and its

prominent, widely spaced, raised, dark brown cords on the anterior siphonal canal (less prominent and not

distinguished by colour from the background in C. guttumium). The distribution and fossil record of C.

springsteeni are obscure, as specimens have been confused in the past with C. guttumium. The protoconch (NZGS

WM15557, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, ex Penniket Colin) is very short and rather wide for a C. (Ranularia) species,

with an unusually wide apex, and considerably shorter and wider than that of C. guttumium.

Cymatium (Ranularia) testudinarium (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)

Figs 34 j, 39 i-j

Triton testudinarius A. Adams & Reeve, 1850: 37, pi. 8, figs 3 a-b.

Triton testudinarius - KOSTER & KOBELT, 1876: 222, pi. 62, figs 2-3.

Triton (Guttumium) testudinarius - KOBELT. 1878a: 360. — Tryon, 1880: 20, pi. II, fig. 84.

Cymatium (Ranularia) testudinarium - SMITH, 1948: 6. pi. 3, fig. 5. — Beu. 1985: 59. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 112, pi. 30, fig. 8. -

Lai, 1989: 122, fig. 27. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 86, pl. 18, fig. 4.

Cymatium testudinarium - Drivas& Jay, 1988: 64, pl. 17, fig. 7.

Type data. —3 syntypes BMNH 1967686. from "China Sea". The figured syntype, much the largest of the

three (H 74.3), is here designated the lectotype of Triton testudinarius.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta.

542 (Figs 34 j. 39 j).

Norfolk Ridge. "Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 9 (Fig. 39 i).

Local depth range 50-175 m.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

DW1021, 17°43' S, 168°37’ E, 124-130 m (2 half-grown, mnhn).

New Guinea. Rabaul, New Britain, coll. B.T.J. Mouvo (1. juv. amnh

130235). — 1.6 km east of Dawi. E. Padaido Islands, Dutch New

Guinea [= Irian Jaya). dredged 45-90 m. coll. Ostheimer, Orr &

Powell, 2 Apr. 1956 (2 ansp 206107). — Matupi I.. Rabaul. New

Britain, coll. E.H. Schlosser, 1961 (I ansp 274851). — Dutch New'

Guinea[= Irian Jaya], ex Hal Lewis Colin (1 ansp 340276).

Distribution. — Indian Ocean: Reunion (Drivas & Jay, 1988); Western Pacific: seen only from the

Philippine Islands, New Guinea - New Britain, Vanuatu and New Caledonia. A specimen from Taiwan was

illustrated by Lai (1989: 122, fig. 27). C. testudinarium presumably occurs uncommonly throughout the area

delimited by these few records.

Dimensions. — Lectotype: H 74.3. D 33.3; paralectotypes: H 47.2, D 23.2; H 33.7, D 17.6. - New'

Caledonia, "Vauban”: sta. 9: H 72.6, D 36.0. - LAGON: sta. 542: H 73.3. D 32.8. - Sulu Sea, Philippines, largest

seen, NZGS WM13317: H 77.8, D 38.7.

REMARKS. — Cymatium testudinarium has been an apparently rare and poorly known species since it was

named by Adams & Reeve in the Samarang report, until in recent years much material has become available from

the Philippine Islands, and the species is now commonly seen in collections. It is a very distinctive species,

because of its rather tall, conical, stepped spire, its bright orange-tan coloration, its distinctive w'ide, thin, flat-faced

varices, and the dark brown parietal and columellar area on the inner lip. Again this species displays the distinctive

character of having the uppermost 3 spiral cords each subdivided by a median cord, as in C. sinense. The

protoconch is the largest seen on a C. (Ranularia) species, 4.5 mm high, very narrowly conical, of about 4.5

whorls, with a pale greenish olive periostracum; it is similar to but larger than that of C. sinense.

Because of its dark brown parietal and columellar area and subdivided uppermost 3 spiral cords, the western

Atlantic endemic species C. (Ranularia) rehderi has been thought by some authors ( e.g . Abbott, 1974: 165:

PlECH, 1995: 13) to be closely related to C. testudinarium. However, the large adult specimen in the collection of

C.J. Finlay (from Cuba; illustrated by Clench & Turner, 1957: pl. 119, fig. 2) Lind a similar large, wide

specimen from Salvador. Bahia, Brazil, illustrated by RiOS (1994: 88. pl. 29, fig. 343) demonstrate that C. rehden

is probably just as closely related to C. pyrum and C. dunkeri as it is to C. testudinarium; it differs from

C. pyrum and C. dunkeri in its yellowish to pale reddish brow n exterior and its darker parietal area, but is closely

similar to these three species in size, in shape, in sculptural details, and in its deeply excavated columella Lind only

weakly convex outer lip outline.

130

ALAN G. BEU

Subgenus Reticutriton Habe & Kosuge, 1966

Reticutriton Habe & Kosuge, 1966b: 315, 330. Type species (OD): Triton pfeifferianum Reeve, 1844, Miocene to

Recent. Indo-West Pacific and western Atlantic.

Cymatium (Reticutriton) pfeifferianum (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 23 h, 42 a-g

Triton pfeifferianus Reeve, 1844a: pi. 4, fig. 14

Triton gracilis Reeve, 1844a: pi. 15, figs 58 a-b.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) bayeri Altena, 1942: 104, figs 2 a-b.

Triton pfeifferianus - Reeve, 1844c: 112. — Kuster & Kobelt. 1872: 194. pi. 55, figs 4-5.

Triton (Simpulum) pfeifferianus - Kobelt. 1878a: 247.

Triton (Gutturnium) pfeifferianus - TRYON, 1880: 23. pi. 13, fig. 107.

Aquillus (Turritriton) pfeifferianus - SCHEPMAN, 1909: 112.

Cymatium pfeifferianum - Hedley, 1909a: 360: 1909b: 452; 1918a: 277 (reprint p. 15). — Hinton, 1972: 12. pi. 6, fig. 11. 1978: 29, fig. 12. —

Drivas & Jay. 1988:64. pi. 17. fig. 4. — Oliveira & Trinchao. 1993: 314, figs 1(2), 2(3), 3-4.

Cymatium (Gutturnium) pfeifferianum - Altena, 1942: 103. — Wissema, 1947: 151.

Reticutriton pfeifferianum - Habf.& Kosuge, 1966a: 43. pi. 15. fig. 14: 1966b: 315. 330.

Cymatium (Reticutriton) pfeifferianum - Beu. 1985: 59. — Piech, 1993: 90, figs 7-10. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 88. pi. 20, fig. 2. —

Wilson, 1993: 248,' pi. 42, fig. 2.

Cymatium (Septa) pfeifferianum - SPRINGSTEEN & LEOBRERA, 1986: 116. pi. 31. fig. 15.

Cymatium (Reticutriton) pfeifferia (sic) - Lai. 1989: 122, fig. 28.

Triton gracilis - Reeve, 1844c: 117. — Kuster & Kobelt, 1878: 243, pi. 67, fig. 5.

NOT Triton gracilis - Brazier, 1877: 173 [= C. vespaceum ].

Cymatium gracile! - Popenoe & Kleinpell, 1978: pi. 5, figs 60, 63.

NOT Lampusia gracile - Dall, 1889: 227. pi. 29, fig. 2. (= C. comptum]

Triton (Gutturnium) vespaceum - Tryon, 1880: 22. pi. 12. fig. 97 (only).

not Cymatium bayeri - Poppenoe & Kleinpell. 1978: pi. 5, fig. 61 (= C. aquatile ).

NOT Cymatium (Lampusia) bayeri - Kanno el al, 1982: 106, pi. 19. figs 2 a-b|= C. vespaceum).

TYPE data. — Triton pfeifferianus : 3 syntypes BMNH 1967596 (Figs 41 a-c); without locality; type

locality here designated as Bohol Island, Philippine Islands. The specimen figured by Reeve (1844a: pi. 4, fig. 14;

Fig. 42 b), H 66.0, identified by the letter "c" written inside the aperture, is here designated the lectotype. — Triton

gracilis : 2 syntypes (Figs 42 f-g) BMNH 1966543/1, 2 from "Philippines", ex Cuming Colin. Both specimens were

illustrated by Reeve (1844a: pi. 15, figs 58 a-b). The specimen figured by Reeve (1844a: pi. 15, fig. 58 b)

(BMNH 1966543/1) is here designated the lectotype. — Cymatium bayeri : holotype seen in RMNH, a Pliocene fossil

from the Kendeng Formation of Java (loc. Ml 28, map sheet 110A, Poetjangan layers, layer 2).

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 797, 92 m. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1261.45-56 m (Fig. 23 h).

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium pfeifferianum occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific province and in the

Atlantic. In the Indian Ocean it occurs from East Africa and the Red Sea, at Mauritius and Reunion (Drivas &

Jay, 1988), to Kimberley in northern Western Australia, in the western Pacific from Taiwan to Queensland,

Australia (Hedley, 1909a, b; Wilson & Gillett, 1971; Wilson, 1993: 248) and to New Caledonia. I am not

aware of any records from east of New Caledonia. C. pfeifferianum has only very recently been reported from

Brazil, in the western Atlantic, by Oliveira & Trinchao (1993) and by Piech (1993).

DIMENSIONS. — Triton pfeifferianus (lectotype): H 66.0, D 27.5; paralectotypes: H 82.5, D 34.0; H 60.2,

D 24.9. - T. gracilis (lectotype): H 27.7, D 13.0; paralectotype: H 26.0, D 12.6. - C. bayeri (holotype): H 37.2, D

20.8. - New Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 797: H 19.0, D 9.9. - EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1261: H 46.3, D 19.7.

- Gulf of Carpentaria. N. Australia, trawled, typical large adult, NZGS WM13877: H 73.8, D 29.0.

Remarks. —This distinctive species has not previously been recorded from New Caledonia although, as it

is common in northern Australia, its occurrence is not unexpected. Nevertheless, there are only three small

specimens in the collections reported here. The 2 smaller specimens closely resembles Reeve's (1844a) syntypes

of Triton gracilis (Figs 42 f-g); there is no doubt that these specimens are merely small specimens of the same

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

131

Fig. 42. — Cymatium (Reticutriton) and C. (Turritriton) species. — a-g, Cymatium (Reticutriton) pfeifferiunum (Reeve),

a-c. syntypes of Triton pfeifferianus , BMNH 1967596. without locality. x0.9. a. c, paralectotypes. b,

lectotype. BMNH 1967596/1, Reeve's figured syntype. d. typical large adult, NZGS WM13877, trawled. Gulf of

Carpentaria, northern Australia, xl. e. juvenile to show large C. ( Reticutriton) protoconch, NZGS WMI4250.

Mactan I., Cebu, Philippines, x3. f-g, lectotype (f) and paralectotype (both figured by REEVE) of Triton gracilis

Reeve, bmnh 1966543/1 & 2. "Philippine Islands", xl.5. — h-1, Cymatium (Reticutriton) elsmerense

(English), lacm Invert. Paleo. locality 305, K Ranch, Palm City, near Mexican border, San Diego Co.,

California, Pliocene, all xl.5. — m-o, Cymatium (Turritriton) labiosum (Wood), all x2. m. LAGON: sta. 296,

Grand Recif Sud, New Caledonia, 26 m. n. LAGON: sta. I 143, Belep Islands, New Caledonia, 54 m. o, smib 6: sta.

DW106, Grand Passage. New Caledonia, 165-195 m.

Source: MNHN, Paris

132

ALAN G. BEU

species REEVE (1844a) named Triton pfeijferianus . As first reviser, I select Triton pfeifferianus as the valid name to

be used for the species named both Triton pfeifferianus and Triton gracilis by Reeve (1844a).

Cymatium pfeifferianum is easily recognised by its elongate form, with both a tall spire and a long anterior

siphonal canal, by its obvious but fine, reticulate sculpture of many, narrow spiral cords crossed by numerous low,

closely spaced axial ridges, by bearing an unusually large number (11-12) of narrow, prominent, closely spaced,

long transverse ridges inside the outer lip. by its strongly convex whorls, and by its large, obvious protoconch

(Fig. 42 e), conical and multiwhorled as in other Cymatium species, but much lower and wider than in most

others. It is moderately variable in spire height, in the presence and prominence of nodules (some specimens have 2

or 3 prominent nodules in each intervariceal interval, whereas others lack them) and in the prominence of the fine

axial ridges. The holotype of Cymatium bayeri is a very short, stout specimen of C. pfeifferianum with unusually

weak axial ridges, but similar specimens can be found in modem samples. Several other species, occurring fossil in

the Philippine Islands, have since been misidentified as C. bayeri (C. vespaceunu Kanno et al., 1982; C. aquatile ,

Popenoe & Kleinpell. 1978).

The endemic Galapagos Islands species Cymatium lineatum is the only other living species that seems

referable to C. (Reticutriton). It differs from C. pfeifferianum in its wider and shorter shape and its darker purplish

red-brown colour, but has similarly inflated whorls and reticulate sculpture, 10-12 ridges inside the outer lip, and a

widely conical protoconch. The only other species I am aware of that is referable to C. (Reticutriton) is

"Gyrineum" elsmerense English (1914: 215), from the Pliocene of San Diego, California; it is similar to C.

pfeifferianum in many characters, but shorter, with slightly coarser reticulate sculpture, and with very prominent

varices (Figs 42 h-1).

Subgenus Septa Perry, 1810

Septa Perry, 1810: caption to pi. 2. Type species (by monotypy): Septa scarlatina Perry, 1810 [= Mu rex rubecula

Linne, 1758], Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Simpulum Morch, 1852: 108. Type species (SD by CLENCH & TURNER. 1957: 214): Mur ex rubecula Linne,

1758. [Not a junior homonym of Simpulum Fabricius, 1823, introduced in a work placed on the Official

Index by ICZN Opinion 521].

Remarks. — The species of Cymatium (Septa) were revised by Beu (1987: 274-291). Arthur &

Garcia-Talavera (1990) have since added the species C. mixtum. Little new can be added here to these reviews.

Cymatium (Septa) hepaticum (Roding, 1798)

Fig. 23 p

Tritonium hepaticum Roding. 1798: 126.

Triton rubecula var. y- Reeve, 1844 a: pi. 9. fig. 29 d.

Triton rubecula - KlENER. 1842: 20. pi. 18. tig. 2.

Cymatium hepaticum - Kuroda& Habe. 1952: 51. — Cernohorsky. 1967a: 317. pi. 44. fig. 14; 1967b: 48. pl.4, fig. 14. — Hinton, 1972: 12.

pI6, fig. 10. — Salvat & Rives, 1975: 305. fig. 170 (in pan. second fig. only). — Hinton. 1978: pi. 30. fig. 6. — Abbott & Dance.

1982: 123. second fig. from left in bottom row. — Salvat etal., 1988: 103. pi. 13. fig. 6.

Septa hepatica - Rippingai.e& McMichael, 1961: 63. pi. 6. fig. 29. — Habe. 1964: 72, pi. 22, fig. 11. — Habe& Kosuge, 1966: 42. pi. 15. tig.

9. — Wilson & Gillet. 1971: 78. pi. 53, figs 11-11 a.

Cymatium (Septal hepaticum - Shikama, 1963: pi. 47. fig. 4. — Arthur, 1983a: 8 (in pan). — Beu, 1985: 59. — Springsteen & Leobrera.

1986: 113. pi. 30. fig. 19. — Beu, 1987: 282, figs 29-36. — Arthur & Garcia-Talavera. 1990: 5-6. fig. in row 3. D-E. 8. —

Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 92. pi. 19. fig. 9. — Wilson. 1993: 247, pi. 42. figs 16 a-b.

Type data. —Neotype (designated by Beu, 1987: 282), USNM 124168, from Mauritius L, Indian Ocean.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, expedition lagon de Noumea: sta. 1352.

montrouzier: sta. 1245, 1290 (Fig. 23 p). 1311. 1316. 1318. 1331. — Local depth range intenidal to 27 m (alive).

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium hepaticum occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, from the

southern Great Barrier Reef north to the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, and from East Africa eastwards to eastern

Polynesia (Salvat & Rives, 1975: 305, left fig. in fig. 170: Marquesas Islands) but I am aware of no records

Source:

RANELLIDAE, Bl’RSI DAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

133

from Hawaii. It is a moderately common shell in the western Pacific archipelagoes, living in shallow water around

coral reefs, but is much less common than the sympatric C. closeli in the Indian Ocean.

Dimensions. — Amami Islands, southern, largest seen, usnm 343782: H 64.4. D 43.2. - One Tree I.,

Capricorn Group. Queensland, nzgs WM11635: H 63.0, D 29.6. - expedition montrouzier: sta. 1290: H 41.3,

D 21.2. Maximum size recorded in New Caledonia 65.0 mm (PR1GENT, 1995).

Remarks. — Cymatium hepaticum is immediately recognisable by its brightly banded orange and dark

brown colour pattern, with two white splashes on each varix. It is the largest species in the subgenus, reaching

65mm in height, whereas few other specimens of C. (Septa) species are seen larger than 50mm in height. Other

characters are similar to those of C. rubeculum.

Although C. hepaticum is a fairly common species throughout the western Pacific, and specimens from

New Caledonia are commonly seen in collections ( e.g . ARTHUR & Garcia-Talavera, 1990: 6, row 3, fig. D),

there are few records in the MNHN collections reported on here. No specimens were taken in Programme LAGON,

and only one small one (H 10.3) is present in sta. 1352, from Grand Recif Abore, Noumea Lagoon, but one live

and two empty adult and two live and one empty juvenile specimens were collected during EXPEDITION

MONTROUZIER.

Cymatium (Septa) mixtum Arthur & Garcia-Talavera. 1990

Fig. 23 o

Cymatium (Septa) mixtum Arthur & Garcia-Talavera, 1990: 5, figs 1-3; 6, row 1, figs A-F: 8-9.

Cymatium (Septa) mixtum - Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 94. pi. 19. Fig. 5.

Type data. — Holotype (Arthur & Garcia-Talavera, 1990: 5, fig. 1; 6, row l, fig. B) in Museo

Insular de Ciencias Naturales, Tenerife; from off southern India. Four paratypes in A.R. Arthur Colin ("The

lagoon", 45 km south of Jeddah. Saudi Arabia, one; southern India, one; New Caledonia, two); one paratype in M.

Parth Colin ("East Indies"); three paratypes in Museo Insular de Ciencias Naturales, Tenerife (Philippines, one;

Phuket, Thailand, two); four paratypes in BMNH (BMNH 1989027/4, New Caledonia, ex H. Cuming Colin; bmnh

1989029/1-3, Mauritius, Indian Ocean, ex D’A.W. Thompson Colin).

Distribution. — C. mixtum presumably occurs uncommonly throughout the Indo-West Pacific province

including the Red Sea, but is recorded so far only from Jeddah, Red Sea; southern India; Mauritius; Sri Lanka;

Thailand; Philippine Islands; and New Caledonia.

DIMENSIONS. —Holotype H 23.3, D 13.8; largest paratype (bmnh 1989027/4, New Caledonia): H 36.7, D

19.6. - Trincomalee, Sri Lanka, Thailand, NZGS WM15270 (Fig. 23 o): H 34.9, D 18.2.

REMARKS. — Cymatium mixtum resembles C. hepaticum in appearance, being spirally banded in orange-

brown and medium to dark brown, but differs in its rather more subdued coloration, its shorter, wider shape, and its

more obvious, bright white peribasal band (only slightly paler than other spiral cords in other C. (Septa) species,

except for the very prominent, wide band in C. bibbeyi). The character that distinguishes C. mixtum from all other

species in the subgenus, though, is the particularly fine, low, numerous, closely spaced axial riblets, even more

numerous than those of C. occidentals, producing only a very weak nodulation on the major spiral cords.

I have seen no specimens of this least common of C. (Septa) species from New Caledonia, but Arthur &

Garcia-Talavera (1990: 5, figs 3-4; 6, row 1, figs E-F; 11) illustrated and recorded 3 paratypes of C. mixtum

from New Caledonia. As this appears to be a rare but widespread species in the Indo-West Pacific, there is no

reason to doubt the New Caledonian records (coll. A. Arthur, 2 paratypes; BMNH. 1 paratype ex H. Cuming Colin).

The specimens from Trincomalee, Sri Lanka (NZGS WM 15270), ex J.R. Penniket Colin, reported previously (Beu,

1987: 287) as C. occidentale , were correctly interpreted by Arthur & Garcia-Talavera (1990: 10) as C.

mixtum . and one of these is illustrated here for completeness (but the Mauritius shells from J. Closel's Colin are

C. occidentale so these are. indeed, at least partly sympatric).

134

ALAN G. BEU

Cymatium (Septa) occidental (Morch, 1877)

Fig. 23 1

Triton (Lampusia) rubecula occidentals Morch. 1877: 29.

Septa? btacketi Iredale, 1936: 307, pi. 23, fig. 3.

Cymatium (Septa) beui Garcia-Talavera, 1985: 28, figs 1-2, 5.

Triton rubeculum occidentale - Tryon, 1880: 12.

Cymatium (Septa) rubeculum occidentale - Clench & Turner. 1957:214. pi. 110. fig. 3; pi. 113, fig. 5; pi. 121,figs 1-3. —Kilias. 1973: 190,

fig. 136. — Abbott. 1974: 164, fig. 1759.—Rios, 1975: 79, fig. 320. — Coelho et at., 1981: 121, fig. 7.

Cymatium rubeculum occidentale - Nowell-Ustickf., 1959: 60. pi. 3. tig. 11. — Garcia-TaLavera. 1983: 112, pi. 4, fig. 2.

Cymatium (Septa) occidentale - Arthur, 1983a: 8. fig. — Beu, 1985: 59. — Rios. 1985: 76, pi. 27. fig. 333. — Garcia-Talavera, 1987: 250,

253, pi. 1. fig. 2. — Beu, 1987: 286, figs 37-45. — Arthur & Garcia-Talavera. 1990: 7. row 2, figs A-F. — Henning & Hemmen,

1993: 94. pi. 19, fig. 4. — Wilson, 1993: 247. pi. 42. figs 14 a-b.

Cymatium occidentale - Leal. 1991: 118.

Sepia blacken - Irf.dale & McMichael. 1962: 54.

Tritonium (Simpulum) gemmation - Angas, 1877: 179. — Hedley, 1918b: M66.

Type data. — Triton rubecula occidentale : holotype ANSP 36874, ex Swift Colin, from St Thomas,

Virgin Islands. Western Atlantic. — Septa? blacked: holotype AMS C60662. from Nielsen Park. Watson's Bay,

Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. — Cymatium beui : holotype in Museu Insular de Ciencias Naturales tfe

Tenerife, Canary Islands (Garcia-Talavera, 1985), from Oahu. Hawaiian Islands.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sta. PI5. 50 m (Fig. 23 I). — corail 2: sta. DW92. 8 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Cymatium occidentale occurs sparsely throughout the Indo-West Pacific (specimens seen

from Mauritius: Ryukyu Islands; Philippine Islands; Queensland, Australia (several); New South Wales, Australia;

Coral Sea; common in Hawaii); sparse but widespread in the western Atlantic, from southern Florida to Rio Grande

do Norte, Brazil and at Fernando de Noronha Island (RiOS, 1985: 76); eastern Atlantic: recorded only from Tenerife,

Canary Islands (Garcia-Talavera. 1983; 1985).

Dimensions. —Coral Sea, chalcal: sta. P15: H 29.5. D 15.1. - corail 2: sta. DW92: H 25.1, D 14.3.

Remarks. — Cymatium occidentale resembles the common and well known C. rubeculum closely in

shape and most other characters, but differs in being uniform pale brown (apart from its peribasal white band) rather

than rich red to orange-red, and in having much finer, more closely spaced and more numerous axial ridges. A

specimen in the collection of Mrs T. Whitehead, Brisbane, was collected alive under a slab of coral on a reef-top,

on Lady Musgrave Island, central Queensland; this specimen is a significantly darker brown colour than the usual

empty shells.

Cymatium occidentale is relatively common in the Hawaiian Islands, and not uncommon in the western

Atlantic in some areas (most specimens in museums come from southern Florida), but also occurs rarely at

localities throughout the Indo-West Pacific and in the eastern Atlantic. However, at most localities in the western

Pacific it is very much less common than C. hepaticum, a much larger species with bright yellow and dark brown

spiral bands. It may also have been among specimens seen by Melvill & Standen (1895), who reported that

their material identified as C. rubeculum from the Loyalty Islands was very variable in colour.

Cymatium (Septa) rubeculum (Linne, 1758)

Fig. 23 q

Murex rubecula Linne, 1758: 749.

Septa scarlatina Perry, 1810: 5, pi. 2, fig. 2.

Murex rubec ula - Linne, 1767: 1218.

Tritonium rubecula - RODING. 1798: 127. — Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 27.

Triton nubecula (sic) - Lamarck, 1816: pi. 413, figs 2 a-b, "Lisle des objets". p. 4.

Triton rubecula - Lamarck, 1822: 188. — Deshayes, 1843: 640. — Reeve. 1844a: pi. 9. fig. 29 a.

not Triton rubecula var. y - Reeve. 1844 a: pi. 9, fig. 29 d [= C. hepaticum].

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

135

not Triton rubecula - KiENER, 1842: 20, pi. 18. fig. 2[= C. hepaticum).

Triton (Simpulum) rubecula - KOBELT, 1878a: 245 (in pari).

Triton ( Simpulum ) rubeculum - Tryon, 1880: 12, pi. 7, fig. 40 (in part).

Aquillus rube cuius - Schepman, 1909: 111.

Septa rubecula - IREDALE, 1929b: 280. - Rippingale & McMichael, 1961: 67, pi. 7, fig. II. — IREDALE& McMlCHAEL, 1962: 54. — Habe &

Kosuge, 1966a: 43, pi. 15, fig. 11. — Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 78. pi. 53, figs 10-10 a. — Hinton, 1972: 12, pi. 6, fig. 17.

Cymatium ( Lampusia ) rubeculum - Wissema, 1947: 148.

Cymatium rubeculum - Weaver. 1966: 108, pi. 27, bottom centre 2 figs — Sal vat & Rives, 1975: 304, fig. 169. — Hinton, 1978: 30, fig. 5.

— Short & Potter, 1987: 48. pi. 23, fig. 3 a. — Drivas & Jay, 1988: 64, pi. 17. fig. 10. — Salvat et a!., 1988: 103, pi. 13, fig. 4

[not fig. 3, = C. iredalei ].

Cymatium (Septa) rubeculum rubeculum - Kilias. 1973: 187. fig. 134 (in part). — Beu. 1987: 288. figs 1-2, 4-5, 52-57.

Cymatium (Septa) rubecula - Ladd, 1977: 34. pi. 11. fig. 8.

Cymatium (Septa) rubeculum - Kay, 1979: 223, fig. 79D. — Arthur, 1983a: 8, illus. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 113, pi. 30, fig. 20.

— Arthur & Garcia-Talavera, 1990: 7, row 5, figs A-D. — Lai, 1989: 124. figs 38-39. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 90. pi. 19.

fig. I. —Wilson. 1993: 248, pi. 42, figs 15 a-b. — Bosch etal.. 1995: 100, fig. 362.

Septa scarlatina - Perry, 1811: pi. 14, fig. 2.

Type data. — Linne's Colin, housed by the Linnean Society of London, contains 5 syntypes of Murex

rubecula. Only the two smallest of these are the red Cymatium rubeculum of subsequent authors, and Beu (1987:

290) designated the smallest syntype as the lectotype. Six additional paralectotypes are present in the Linne Colin

of the Uppsala University Zoological Museum (Wallin, 1993: 79). The lectotype of Murex rubecula is here also

designated the neolype of Septa scarlatina. The type locality is here designated as the Philippine Islands.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sta. 1237, 1245 (Fig. 23 q), 1*316. — bathus 1: sta. DW692.

PI5. — corail 2: sta. DW110, DW133, DW136. These 17 lots are from 0-150 m, but living specimens were taken

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 97. 160, 536, 662, 682, 754, 830, 1158. only in 0-40 m.

— LAGON DE NOUMEA: Sta. 1352. — EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: Sta.

Distribution. — Cymatium rubeculum occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, from East

Africa and from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan to the Dampier Archipelago in Western Australia (Wilson,

1993: 248) and to the southern Great Barrier Reef in eastern Australia (BEU, 1987: 270), and eastward throughout

Melanesia and Polynesia to Hawaii (Kay, 1979).

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 97: H 38.0, D 19.7; sta. 160: H 35.4, D 17.9.

REMARKS. — Cymatium rubeculum is a common, widespread species in shallow water throughout the

Indo-West Pacific, where it is easily recognised by its small size (rarely exceeding 45 mm in height), dominantly

spiral sculpture, bright crimson red to orange-red colour with a narrow white peribasal band, and numerous

relatively coarse axial ridges crossing the spiral cords. The subspecies C. rubeculum marerubrum , occurring in the

Red Sea, has much wider and more prominent spiral cords than C. rubeculum rubeculum , but specimens from the

northwestern Indian Ocean intergrade in prominence of the spiral sculpture.

Subgenus Turritriton Dali, 1904

Turritriton Dali, 1904: 134. Type species (OD): Triton gibbosus Broderip, 1833. Recent, Panamic western

America.

Tritoniscus Dali, 1904: 134. Type species (OD): Triton loroisii Petit de la Saussaye, 1852 [= Murex labiosus

Wood, 1828], Pliocene to Recent, Indo-West Pacific and E & W Atlantic.

Particymatium Iredale, 1936: 307. Type species (OD): Triton strangei A. Adams & Angas, 1864 |= Murex

labiosus Wood. 1828].

Cymatium (Turritriton) labiosum (Wood, 1828)

Figs 33 c, 42 m-o

Murex labiosus Wood. 1828: 15, pi. 5, fig. 18.

Tritonium rutilum Menke, 1843: 25.

Triton loroisii Petit de la Saussaye, 1852: 53, pi. 2. fig. 8.

Source

136

ALAN G. BEU

Triton strangei A. Adams & Angas, 1864: 35.

Triton loebbeckei Lischke, 1870: 23.

Triton (Gutturniurn) orientalis G. & H. Nevill, 1874: 29.

Triton labiosus - Reeve, 1844a: pi. 14. fig. 52. — Kuster & Kobelt, 1872. 203. pi. 57. figs 3-4. — Smith. 1891:413.

Tritonium labiosum - Angas, 1871: 87.

Tritoniurn (Cabestana) labiosum - Brazier, 1877: 173. — TappaRONE-Canefri, 1881: 28.

Triton (Cabestana) labiosus and var. loroisii - Kobelt. 1878a: 249.

Triton (Simpulum) labiosus - TRYON, 1880: 17, pi. 9. figs 64-68. , _ _

Cymatium labiosum- I redale. 1910: 73. —Oliver. 1915: 528. — Hedlev. 1918b: M66 .— Turton, 1932: 110, pi. 24. fig. 782. — Garcia-

Talavera, 1983: 106. —Bandel. 1984: 100. fig. I58.pl. 10. fig. 2. — DrivaS & Jay. 1988: 64. pi. 17.fig. 13. —Leal. 1991: 116.

Cabestana labiosa - Powell. 1933: 159. pi. 26. fig. 9.

Cymatium (Cabestana) labiosum - Clench & Turner. 1957: 201.pl. 111. figs 9-10: pi. 116. fig. I . — Warmke & Abbott. 1961: 100, pi. 18.

fig. a. — COELHO etal., 1981: 117, fig. 3. _

Tritoniscus labiosus - Habe, 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 4: 1964: 71. pi. 22, fig. 4. — KURODA eta!., 1971: 127.pl. 29. fig. 7. — Okutani. 1986: 113.

bottom right fig. t __ _

Turritriton labiosus - Beu. 1971: 109, figs 5-6. — Powell. 1976: 152. —Hinton. 1978: 30. figs 10-10 a. — Powell. 1979: 164. pi. 33. fig. 3.

— Short & PorrER, 1987: 48. pi. 23. fig. 2.

Cymatium (Tritoniscus) labiosus - Abbott, 1974: 164, fig. 1763.

Cymatium (Tritoniscus) labiosum - Nordsieck& Garcia-Talavera, 1979: 117. pi. 24, fig. 8.

Cymatium (Turritriton) labiosum - Kay. 1979: 223. fig. 79 F (as C. vespace urn), but not fig. 79 E | = C. comptum). — Beu. 1985: 60, tig. 23. —

Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 114, pi. 31, fig. 11. — Garcia-Talavera. 1987: 253, pi. 2. fig. 7. — Beu & Knudsen. 1987: 74, figs

3 , 6-14. — Lai, 1989: 125. figs 47-49. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 102. pi. 22, figs 4-5. — Wilson, 1993: 248, pi. 42. figs 4 a-b.

— Bosch et at., 1995: 100, fig. 363.

Cymatium labiosum - Hedley, 1916b: 195. — Cosel, 1982: 54.

Cymatium (Septa) labiosum - Rios. 1985: 76, pi. 27, fig. 331.

Lotorium rutilum - Kesteven, 1902: 462. pi. 17. fig. 21.

Triton (Cabestana) strangei - KOBELT, 1878a: 249.

Triton strangei - Smith, 1879: 816. pi. 4. figs 13-14. — Iredale, 1915: 459.

Lotorium strangei - KESTEVEN, 1902: 462, pi. 17. fig. 20.

Cymatium strangei - Iredale, 1929b: 280.

Particymatium strangei - Iredale. 1936: 307. — Powell. 1952: 176. — Iredale & McMichael, 1962: 54.

Triton loebbeckei - Lischke, 1871: 36. pi. 4. figs 13-14. — Kuster & Kobelt. 1876: 228, pi. 64, figs 2-3.

Triton (Gutturniurn) loebbeckei - Kobelt, 1878a: 361.

urn Turritriton loebbeckei - Habe, 1961: 45. pi. 22. fig. 9; 1964: 72. pi. 22. fig. 9 [= C. exaratum].

Triton (Gutturniurn) orientalis - Kobelt, 1878a: 361.

Triton orientalis - KUSTER & KOBELT. 1878: 261. pi. 69. fig. 8.

AquiUus (Turritriton) labiosus var. orientalis - Schf.pman, 1909: ill.

Type data. — I am unaware of the existence of any type material of Murex labiosus ; no possible type

material is now recognisable in BMNH and, in Wilkins's (1957) discussion of Wood's names, he did not mention

this species. I also do not know the whereabouts of any type material of Tritonium rutilum (from Western

Australia). Dance (1966: 294) noted of Menke's collection: "acquired by M. J. Landauer and dispersed". — Triton

loroisii : 5 syntypes in MNHN (^Journal de Conchyliologie Colin, not catalogued when examined in 1979), from

Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles, western Atlantic. — Triton loebbeckei : holotype (Fig. 33 c) in Lobbecke Museum

und Aquazoo, Diisseldorf, not registered; labelled "Nagasaki. Japan". — Triton orientalis : types in the Indian

Museum. Calcutta (G. & H. Nevill, 1874: 21), not seen: from the Adaman Islands, "dredged by Mr Wood-Mason"

in 1872; G. & H. Nevill (1874: 29) did not illustrate this species, but identified it by referring to Reeve's

( 1844a: pi. 11, fig. 38 a) figure, identified by Reeve as Triton labiosus ; i.e.. the type specimens are evidently

elongate, strongly varicate shells resembling the holotype of Triton loebbeckei ; G. & H. Nevill (1874: 29) stated

that the type material consists of four specimens, dredged alive. — Triton strangei: holotype BMNH 1870.10.26.99,

from Moreton Bay, southern Queensland, and "idiotype" (paratype?), presented by G.F. Angas, in MCZ (CLENCH &

TURNER, 1957). The holotype of Triton strangei is here designated the neotype of both Murex labiosus and

Tritonium rutilum ; the type locality of Cymatium labiosum then becomes Moreton Bay. WOOD (1828) gave no

locality for Murex labiosus , so Clench & TURNER (1957: 202) designated the type locality as Guadeloupe, but

this is superseded by the present designation.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sta.

D10. D51. — corail 2: sta. DW2, DW9. DW18. DW116, DWII8,

DW144. DW164.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 9. 79. 80. 82, 98. 159, 296 (Fig. 42 m),

313.517. 522, 534, 542. 603, 688. 701,714, 788. 801. 809. 856, 867.

898, 1105, 1129, 1143 (Fig. 42 n), 1182. — expedition montrouzier:

sta. 1277. 1312. 1314. 1319, 1321. 1323. — lagon de Noumea:

sta. 1356.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. CC146. CP 148. — smib

6: sta. DW 106 (Fig. 42 o).

Loyalty Ridge. MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW431.

These 45 lots were taken in 10 to 195 m. but only one live was in

depth greater than 70 m.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

137

Distribution. — Cymatium labiosum ranges from eastern South Africa (Natal: Kensley, 1973: 128;

NZGS WM 15724) and Mozambique (NZGS WM15564) to Oman, northern Indian Ocean (NZGS WM13276) and

throughout the Red Sea (Eilat: SINGER, 1990: 26, fig. 11; NZGS WM 13343), in the western Pacific from central

Honshu, Japan (Boso Peninsula: Habe, 1964: Kamo, Yamagata Pref., Japan Sea coast of Honshu: Bku &

KNUDSEN, 1987: 80) south to northeastern North Island, New Zealand (at least 15 lots now known, including 3 in

NZGS; southernmost known to me is Mokohinau Islands, Auckland) and eastwards throughout Melanesia and

Polynesia to Hawaii (Kay, 1979). In the western Atlantic, C. labiosum ranges from Cape Hatteras, North Carolina

(PORTER, 1970) southwards throughout Florida and the Caribbean (CLENCH & TURNER, 1957) to Bahia, northern

Brazil (Rios, 1985: 76) and Fernando de Noronha (LEAL, 1991: 378). In the eastern Atlantic, it is reported from the

Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands (Nordsieck & Garcia-Talavera. 1979: 117; COSEL, 1982: 54;

Garcia-Talavera. 1983: 106; 1987: 253, pi. 2, fig. 7).

DIMENSIONS. — Triton strangei (holotype), Murex labiosus (neotype): H 36.1. D 25.4. - Triton loebbeckei

(holotype): H 37.6, D 23.6. - Sri Lanka, NZGS WM 15558: H 37.6. D 27.3. - Black I., Queensland, NZGS

WM 15559: H 40.4, D 24.4. - New Caledonia: MUSORSTOM 4: sta. CC146: H 29.1, D 18.3. - SMIB 6: sta.

DW106: H 29.8, D 22.5.

REMARKS. — Cymatium labiosum is highly distinctive, because of its small size (adult specimens range in

height from about 12 to 40 mm, but few are taller than 25 mm), its prominent but irregularly placed varices, its

prominent, wide spiral cords each bearing three prominent spiral riblets on their crests, the whole surface crenulated

by fine axial costellae and, on most specimens, its few. prominent axial nodules in each intervariceal interval.

While many specimens develop only the terminal varix, a few specimens in all large samples develop all varices

regularly each 240° down the teleoconch, others develop any number in between these extremes, and most have a

random varix position. The colour is just as variable, from white to almost black through all shades of yellow,

greenish yellow, orange, brown, red and dark grey, and many specimens have narrow spiral banding of contrasting

colours. All specimens have a moderately to very short spire, a short, stout anterior canal, a relatively large,

subcircular, white aperture with prominent teeth inside the outer lip, and a moderately well developed to extremely

prominent shoulder angle.

Cymatium labiosum is also remarkable for its enormous distribution, being the most widely distributed of

all the teleplanic tonnoideans. Its distribution is so complete throughout the Indo-West Pacific that it could be used

to define the province, were it not that it consistently extends that extra distance beyond the usually accepted

tropical range. While it has not yet been recorded in Panamic western America, it safely can be predicted that

specimens will eventually be found in this last area of the tropical marine realm.

The attribution of the species name to Wood (1828) calls for comment. A range of opinions on the

authorship of new names in Wood's (1828) supplement to the Index Testaceologicus has been published over the

years. Gray (in Saunders, 1872: 7) included in his list of his own publications: "61. The new species in the

supplement to'Index Testaceologicus’of W. Wood, 1828", although, as was pointed out by Dance (1972: 160),

Gray himself had earlier noted (Gray, 1858: 55) that many of the names had been altered "by the late Dr Goodall

as the work passed through the press". It has long been customary in New Zealand to attribute the very abundant

and well-known tuatua (Veneridae), Paphies subtriangulata (proposed in WOOD, 1828: 4) to "Gray. 1828" ( e.g ..

BEU & DE Rooij-Schuiling, 1982: 215). Indications that Gray might best be considered the author of some or all

of the new names in WOOD (1828) were published by Dall (1921), who added "(Gray)" at the end of ihe reference

to Wood (1828), and by Woodward (1915: 2353), who published a MS note by Gray to the effect that he was

author of the new names, but "several of them were altered by Mr. Wood". According to Dance (1972) and the

discussion by Wilkins (1957: 157-158), most of the names may well have been composed by Gray but were

adopted by Wood from labels publicly displayed in the British Museum, so that the responsibility for illustrating

and publishing them definitely belongs with William Wood. In view of the fact that some of Wood's (1828) new

names are simply those of Gray (MS), some were modified by Wood, and some were modified by Goodall. without

any idea of which is which, it seems preferable to attribute all new names in this work to Wood.

Genus Sassia Bellardi. 1873

Sassia Bellardi, 1873: 219. Type species (SD by Cossmann, 1903b: 93): Triton apenninicum Sassi. 1827,

Miocene and Pliocene, Europe.

138

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 43. — Sassia species. — a-k. Sassia remensa (Iredale). a. holotype of S. marshalli Beu, NZOI 231, NZOI Sta. K844,

off the Kermadec Islands, 290 m, x2. b, specimen of form previously regarded as "typical" 5. remensa , NZOI Sta.

J709, NW of White I., Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 328-406 m, x2. c-d, specimen scored as "large remensa

form", CHALCAL 2: sta. DW79, southern New Caledonia, 243 m, xl.5. e-f, specimen resembling Italian Pliocene

5. apenninica (Sassi), from early ORSTOM sample, off New Caledonia, 22°29.7' S. 166°21' E, 250-350 m, xl.5. g -

h, k, specimens scored as "large marshalli form" (g, h) and "large intermediate" (k), SMIB 5: sta. DW70. Norfolk

Ridge. 270 m, xl.5. i-j. specimens scored as "medium remensa form" (i) and "medium intermediate" (j),

MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW460, Loyalty Ridge, 420 m, x2. — 1, Sassia sp. nov.?, Raevavae I., eastern French

Polynesia, 400 m, x2.5.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

139

Monocirsus Cossmann, 1889: 116. Type species (OD): Triton (Monocirsus) carinulatus Cossmann, 1889, Eocene,

France.

Cymatona Iredale, 1929c: 177. Type species (OD. Iredale, 1929c: 189): Nassaria kampyla Watson, 1885,

Pliocene to Recent, New Zealand and southeastern Australia.

Charoniella Powell & Bartrum, 1929: 426. Type species (OD): Charonia (Charoniella) arthritica Powell &

Bartrum, 1929, Early Miocene, New Zealand [not Charoniella Thiele, 1929 = Austrotriton Cossmann,

1903].

Austrosassia Finlay, 1931: 7. Type species (OD): Septa parkinsonia Perry, 1811, Pleistocene and Recent,

southwest Pacific.

P/umozesta Iredale, 1936: 309. Type species (OD) Iredale, 1936: 336: Phanozesra remensa Iredale, 1936, Recent,

southwest Pacific.

Proxicharonia Powell, 1938: 373. Replacement name for Charoniella Powell & Bartrum, 1929, preoccupied.

Sassia remensa (Iredale, 1936)

Figs 43 a-k, 44

Phanozesta remensa Iredale, 1936: 309, pi. 23, fig. 4: pi. 24, fig. 5.

Sassia (Sassia) marshalli Beu, 1978: 31, figs 9-11. _

Phanozesta remensa - Garrard, 1961: 14. — Iredale & McMichael, 1962: 55.

Sassia (Sassia) nassariformis remensa - Beu, 1978: 31, figs 6, 13. 15-16.

Sassia (Sassia) apenninica remensa - Beu, 1985: 61. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 114. pi. 23. figs 1-2.

Sassia (Sassia) apenninica - Wilson, 1993: 248, pi. 40, fig. 19.

TYPE DATA. — Phanozesta remensa: holotype AMS C60663, and I paratype Cl70383, "from 110 fathoms

[200 m] east of Sydney", New South Wales. — Sassia marshalli : holotype NZOI 231. from NZOI sta. K844. off

the Kermadec Islands, 30° 11.2' S, 178°33.8' W, 290 m, 29 July 1974 (Fig. 43 a); paratype (fragment), NZOI P326,

from NZOI sta. K826, north of Raoul I.. Kermadecs, 28°48' S. 177°48' W. 390-490 m, 25 July 1974.

New Caledonia records. — The 207 samples were taken

in depths of 110 to 660 m, but only one sample was collected in less

that 230 m. The material is classified by size and form of specimens

present, with the abbreviations: I - intermediate (between marshalli

and remensa forms); L - large; M - marshalli form; med - medium-

sized; R - remensa form; and S - small.

Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta. 255, 256, 299, 300. 301.302, 304. 306,

307, 336, 361, 362, 372, 375, 378. 379.

New Caledonia, biogf.ocal: sta. DW253, DW291. DW307,

DW308. — BATHUS 1: sta. DW688. DW690. CP702. — halipro 1:

sta. CP877. — SW Nouvelle-Caledonie, Passe de Boulari, 400 m.

North of New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 444. — musorstom 4:

sta. DWI59, CP 179, DWI96. — bathus 4: sta. DW887, CP889,

DW902, CP907, DW924. DW925. DW927, DW929, DW931,

DW943.

Norfolk Ridge. "Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 3. — biocal: sta. DW38,

DW64. DW65, DW77, DW83, CPI05, CP108. — CHALCAL 2: sta.

CP19, CP20, DW69, DW70. DW7I. DW79 (Figs 43 c-d). —

musorstom 4: sta. DW222. DW226, DW230. — smib I: sta. DW2.

— smib 2: sta. DW1, DW8, DWI4, DW15, DW20, DW23. —

smib 3: sta. DW8, DW9, DW10. DW14. DWI7, DW18, DW26. -

smib 4: sta. DW40, DW41, DW42, DW43, DW44, DW45. DW46.

DW48. DW49, DW50. DW51. DW53. — smib 5: sta. DW70 (Figs

43 g-h, k), DW71, DW72, DW73, DW74. DW75. DW76. DW77,

DW80. DW8I, DW87, DW88. DW89, DW90. DW91. DW92.

DW93, DW94. DW97, DW98, DW104, DWI05. — smib 8: sta.

DW154. DW155, DW157, DW159. DWI60. CPI6I. CP162,

DW163, DW 165. DW 170-172. DW173, DWT74, DWI75, DWI76.

DWI77, DWI78, DW182. DW187, DWI89. DW 197-199. — smib

10: sta. DW208, DW210. — beryx 11: sta. DWII. CP 17. DWI8.

CP2I, CP22, CP23, CP25, DW40. CP44, CP45. — bathus 2: sta.

DW724, DW729. DW730. DW731. DW733. DW742. DW758.

CP759, CP760, CP761. CP765. — bathus 3: sta. CP805. CP806,

CP8I I.CP8I4. DW816. DW8I8. DW827, DW829, DW838. CP847.

Lovaltv Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW39I. DW392, DW398,

DW399. CP40I. DC402, DW406. DW407, CP408, DW410,

DW413, DW417, DW418, DW419. DW421. DW422. DW423,

DW428. DW439. DW451, DW452, DW453, D457, DW459.

DW460 (Figs 43 i-j). DW464. DW465. DW472, DW478, DW479.

DW480, DW481, DW482. DW487. — volsmar: sta. DW38.

DW40. DW41.

New Hebrides Arc. volsmar: sta. DW7. DWI6. DW17. DW49.

DW50, DW51. — smib 9: sta. DWI6.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CP962. 20°20' S, 169°49' E. 370-400 m (ILL 2medl). — Sta. CP963,

20°20’S. 169°49' E, 400-440 m (3medl). — Sta. DW964. 20°20' S.

169°49’ E. 360-408 m (ImedR. ImedM). — Sta. DW965, 20°20‘ S.

169°51' E, 361-377 m (2medl). — Sta. DW967, 20°I9' S. I69°53' E,

295-334 m (2SR. ImedI). - Sta. DW977. I9°25' S, I69°29’ E. 410-

505 m (2SR. 2medR). — Sta. DW978. I9°23’ S. 169°27' E. 408-413

m (2SR. ImedR, ImedI).

DISTRIBUTION. — A few specimens of Sassia remensa have been collected off the northeastern North Island

of New Zealand, as far south as White Island, Bay of Plenty; in Australia, it seems to have been collected only off

the New South Wales shelf, in about 130 m and greater, off Broken Bay and Botany Bay (Garrard, 1961).

However, the present material has shown that it is common on the slope in 230-600 m throughout the area from

the Coral Sea and the Norfolk Ridge, around New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, to the Gemini Seamounts and

Vanuatu. There is no reason to suppose this is its complete range, and only much more extensive sampling in

Source:

140

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 44. — Scatter diagram comparing proportions of Sassia remensa forms in the New Caledonian region.

other areas of the western Pacific will establish (a) the complete range of S. remensa. and (b) its relationship to

other Sassia species.

Dimensions. —Coral Sea, musorstom 5: sta. 304, Nova Bank: H 38.5, D 21.8: H 30.8, D 16.4 (both

classed as large marshalli form). - Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW406: H 33.1, D 16.2 (large remensa

form); H 32.8, D 16.0 (large intermediate form). - Norfolk Ridge, SMIB 4: sta. DW41: H 37.2, D 18.8 (large

marshalli form). - SMIB 8: sta. 170-172: H 32.9, D 15.5 (large remensa form); sta. DW165: H 38.5, D 17.4 (large

intermediate form).

Remarks. — One of the most useful aspects of the New Caledonian collections is their large lots of

Sassia specimens. The 210 Sassia samples contain a total of 1076 specimens. An initial survey of all this material

showed that it is exceedingly variable, containing a large number of juveniles resembling Iredale's "Phanozesta"

remensa (named from off New South Wales, in 200 m), a moderately large number of half-grown to adult

Source: MNHN , Paris

RANELLIDAE. BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

141

specimens resembling Sassia marshalli (named from off the Kermadec Islands, in 290 m and in 390-490 m), a

relatively small number of half-grown to adult specimens resembling 5. remensa . and a range of intermediate

specimens. Therefore, while listing the material, I recorded the numbers of the various forms and intermediates, as a

way of analysing the variation. Fig. 44 is a scatter diagram comparing the dimensions of 67 specimens, from

several reasonably large samples selected randomly, as a way of comparing the dimensions of different forms

visually.

Sassia remensa was based on specimens of elongate form, with bright red-brown colour spots on a golden

brown ground, retaining prominent spiral and axial sculpture, with small, rounded, prominent nodules at the

intersections, down onto the last whorl. The white aperture has flaring lips and the inner lip particularly flares over

the previous whorl; the interior of the outer lip bears seven nodules, the uppermost much the largest. The low,

rounded varices have conspicuous abapertural hollows, buttressed by the spiral cords. The protoconch (Beu, 1978:

33, fig. 6) is turbiniform, with conspicuous reticulate sculpture. Sassia marshalli was based on specimens identical

to S. remensa in protoconch, apertural and variceal characters, and with sculpture and colour of the early teleoconch

whorls identical to those of S. remensa , but with the last two whorls stark white in colour, lacking nodules and all

prominent spiral sculpture, and markedly more inflated than in S. remensa. The result is a largely white, weakly

sculptured shell that appears much shorter and wider than S. remensa. The result of the counting of forms present

in the 210 New Caledonian samples is: 501 S. remensa form, including all of the small juveniles and most

specimens up to half-grown; 167 S. marshalli form, including most of the largest adult specimens; and 408

intermediate specimens. The graphical comparison in Fig. 44 confirms this .variation: no specimens over about

33 mm high were assigned to the remensa form, most of the wider specimens between 20 and 40 mm high were

assigned to the marshalli form (with only a very narrow overlap between these two fields), and specimens identified

as "intermediate" occupy a large area overlapping these extremes. It is clear, then, that all these specimens are

conspecific; all specimens begin their benthic life as a brightly coloured, strongly sculptured form and. whereas

some retain this colour, shape and sculpture until maximum teleoconch size, the majority develop at least

somewhat weaker sculpture, and between a third and half of specimens lose prominent spiral sculpture

progressively as they grow, and concomitantly lose coloration and develop a more strongly convex whorl surface,

resulting in a stark white, weakly sculptured shell that I formerly took for a separate species. S. marshalli is merely

part of the variation of S. remensa.

Formerly (BEU, 1978: 31; 1985: 61) 1 regarded Sassia remensa as very closely related to S. nassarifonnis

(G.B. Sowerby III, 1902), living in the Indian Ocean and off South Africa, and S. semitorta (Kuroda & Habe in

Habe, 1961) living in the northwest Pacific. There is little doubt that all these taxa form a monophyletic group

directly descended from the closely similar European Neogene S. apenninica , but their exact relationship, and the

taxonomic rank to be accorded in consequence, has long remained unclear. The New Caledonian samples make it

quite clear that, while some specimens closely resemble Italian Pliocene specimens of S. apenninica (Figs 43 e-f).

S. remensa is a distinct southwest Pacific taxon, as the weakly sculptured, white marshalli form has not been seen

from either the fossil population or the rest of the Indo-Pacific region; in particular, the large amount of northwest

Pacific material I have seen (Japan; a large collection from Sagami Bay in NSMT, of which 10 now in NZGS

WM12412; Taiwan, 4; Philippine Islands, 13) does not include any specimens approaching the marshalli form,

and it seems best to regard S. semitorta [= S. sakuraii Habe. 1961 ] as a species distinct from 5. remensa. The only

material I have seen from intermediate areas (Guam - photos sent by R. SALISBURY; Hawaii - photos sent by

Alison Kay) appears to belong in the following taxon, and the geographic ranges of S. remensa and 5. semitorta

are unclear at present. S. nassarifonnis is also considered to be a separate species, differing from S. remensa and S.

semitorta in its more inflated whorls, its slightly smaller protoconch, and its lower axial costae but more

prominent, more evenly placed, narrowly rounded nodules at the sculptural intersections.

Sassia sp. nov.?

Fig. 43 1

Material examined. — French Polynesia. Raevavae, 23°50'54 S, 147°42'73 W, 400 m, coll. J. Poupin-

SMCB, 3 Dec. 1990 (1 MNHN).

Dimensions. — H 21.8, D 11.4

142

ALAN G. BEU

Remarks. — A single specimen of Sassia dredged off Raevavae Island, in French Polynesia, sent for

identification with other tonnoideans (see Bursa latitude , reported below), seems to belong in a species distinct

from S. remensa. This specimen is shorter and has more evenly rounded whorls than any nodulous specimens of S.

remensa, and has sculpture of more numerous rows of small, even nodules (5 rows on penultimate whorl, 9 on last

whorl, extending onto terminal varix). It also differs from 5. remensa in its more nearly circular aperture, with a

more excavated and more widely flared inner lip, in having much more prominent transverse ridges on the lower

part of the inner lip, and in having a row of small, bright red-brown spots on the outer part of the outer-lip flange,

corresponding in position to the exterior spiral cords.

In its more evenly granulous surface, its more inflated, evenly rounded whorls, and its more nearly circular

aperture with a more flared inner lip, the Raevavae specimen more closely resembles the Indian Ocean S.

nassariformis than it does S. remensa. Colour photographs of apparently the same species have been sent to me by

Mr R. Salisbury, representing two specimens dredged off Guam, Marianas Islands, and others have been sent by

Professor Alison Kay, of specimens dredged off Hawaii. As these are the only specimens 1 have seen of this

species, its variation and distribution are unclear at present.

A further apparently unnamed species of Sassia is represented by numerous specimens dredged off Western

Australia (in wam). These are small, uniformly cream, and biangled but weakly nodulous. Because of the relatively

deep-water habitat, the taxonomy of Indo-Pacific Sassia species related to S. remensa is still poorly known.

Family BURSIDAE Thiele, 1925

Remarks. — Riedel (1995) significantly altered the classification followed here, by including Bursinae as

a subfamily of Ranellidae. Bursidae is retained here as a separate family, for the following reasons:

1. The lack of a fossil record before the Eocene means that the early history of Bursidae remains unknown, and a

position within Ranellidae expresses a closer phylogenetic relationship than the evidence permits.

2. The presence of three, rather than two, large accessory salivary glands (BEU, 1981: 268; figs 6-7) and of a large,

flattened proboscis tip for grasping whole "worms" (BEU, 1981: figs 1 b, 7) are distinctive anatomical characters

(synapomorphies) suggesting that the Bursidae is not particularly closely related to the Ranellidae.

3. One of the earliest fossil taxa of Bursidae is Olequahia Stewart, 1926 (Eocene-Oligocene, western North

America), which has a shell form similar to that of the more unspecialised Cassidae, but with a posterior apertural

canal (BEU, 1988: pi. 1). This suggests that the Bursidae is more closely related to the Cassidae than to the

Ranellidae.

4. The radula of the Bursidae has a distinctive central tooth with a narrow, arched base and two large basal processes

(Beu, 1981: figs 2-5; 1987: figs 168, 206) for interlocking the whole row of central teeth (again probably a

consequence of its feeding habit, pulling whole "worms" from their tubes; HOUBRICK & FRETTER, 1969: 423-424,

fig. 4). The central tooth closely resembles that of Tonna and Eudolium, but interlocking processes are not present

in any other tonnoideans. This character suggests that the Bursidae is more closely related to Tonna than to the

Ranellidae.

The Bursidae certainly resemble the Ranellidae in such obvious (but possibly independently derived) shell

characters as the retention of varices at the end of each growth episode, and in the general form of the aperture and

the anterior siphonal canal. However, retention of varices is no guide to close phylogenetic relationship, as varices

routinely are retained in several genera of the Cassidae (Cassis, Cypraecassis and Phalium). The phylogenetic

relationships of tonnoidean families are to a large degree obscured by their specialisation for markedly different

prey. The radula resembling that of Tonna , the three accessory salivary glands, and the lack of the prominent

raneilid periostracum suggest that the Bursidae are no more nearly related to the Ranellidae than to any other

tonnoideans, and that it is preferable to rank Bursidae as a separate family at present.

Genus BURSA Roding, 1798

Bursa Roding, 1798: 128. Type species (SD by JOUSSEAUME, 1881: 174): Bursa monitata Roding, 1798 [= Murex

bufonius Gmelin 1791, by first reviser’s action of Winckworth, 1945: 137], Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

143

Lampasopsis Jousseaume, 1881: 175. Type species (OD): Ranella rhodostoma Beck in G.B. Sowerby II, 1835,

Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Lampadopsis Fischer, 1884: 656. An unjustified emendation of Lampasopsis Jousseaume, 1881.

Colubrellina Fischer, 1884: 656. Type species (by monotypy): Ranella candisata "Lamarck" [= Tritonium

candisatum Roding, 1798 (= Murex conditus Gmelin, 1791)], Recent, western Pacific.

Pseudobursa Rovereto, 1899: 6. Unnecessary replacement name for Bursa Roding, 1798.

Bufonariella Thiele, 1929: 284. Type species (by monotypy): Murex scrobilator Linne, 1758, Pleistocene to

Recent, Mediterranean and West Africa.

Annaperenna Iredale, 1936: 310. Type species (OD; IREDALE, 1936: 337): Ranella verrucosa G.B. Sowerby I.

1825, Recent, southwest Pacific.

D ulcer ana Iredale in Oyama, 1964: 332. Type species (OD): Tritonium granulate Roding, 1798. Recent. Indo-West

Pacific. [Unavailable (no differentiation from similar taxa) from Iredale, 1931: 213 or from Cotton,

1945: 261 (as Dulcerona\ error)].

Tritonoranella Oyama, 1964: 332. Type species (OD): Triton ranelloides Reeve, 1844. Pleistocene and Recent,

southern Japan.

Remarks. — The subdivision of Bursa is, like subgenera of Cymatium, a question of whether imprecise,

intergrading characters can be used at the generic level. After years of searching for firm characters to define such

subgenera as Colubrellina and Tritonoranella , I have concluded that all characters used previously ( e.g ., by BEU,

1981) are matters of degree rather than reliable generic characters, and I am forced to the conclusion that Bursa is a

large genus containing species with short to tall spires, weak to coarse sculpture, heavy and thick to light, thin

shells, with varices variable in position (although usually each 180°-200° around the shell, they are at each 240° in

B. ranelloides and the B. latitudo species group) and with or without a red colour area on the parietal lip. All the

species are united by their oval operculum with an abapically terminal nucleus, and by their evenly inflated shell

form (not dorsoventrally compressed, as in Bufonaria and Marsupina). Within this group the one species that stands

out, because of its much taller spire than all other species, is Bursa condita , but even so there is a gradation from

short-spired species, such as B. bufonia, through moderately tall-spired species, such as B. granularis and the

endemic Hawaiian B. luteostoma , to the extreme of B. condita. This is a case where the subgenus Colubrellina

might be considered justified for B. condita , but seems to me just an extreme species in a single varied genus. As

far as I have seen, the anatomy of species included here in Bursa is extremely uniform. More work is required on

radulae to assess their potential taxonomic value.

Bursa condita (Gmelin, 1791)

Figs 45 a-d

Murex conditus Gmelin, 1791: 3565.

Tritonium candisatum Roding, 1798: 126.

Colubrellina (Dulcerana) condita - Oyama & Takf.mura. I960: Colubrellina fig. 12. — Habe. 1961: 46. pi. 23. fig. 12.

Colubrellina condita - Habe, 1964: 75. pi. 23. fig. 12.

Bursa (Colubrellina) condita - Cernohorsky, 1972b: 200. figs 12-13. — Bnu. 1985: 64. — SPRINGSTEEN & Leobrera. 1986: 120. pi. 33. fig. 5.

— Cossignani, 1994: 68 .

Bursa condita - Wilson, 1993: 226.

Murex candisatus - Dillnvyn, 1817: 699.

Ranella candisata - Lamarck. 1822: 150. — J. Sowerby& G.B. Sowerby I. 1823: part 19. pi. 233. fig. 1. — Kiener, 1841: 35. pi. 13. fig. I

las candicata in text). — Deshayes. 1843: 542. — Reeve. 1844b: pi. 1. fig. 5.

Apollon candisatus - Kobei.t. 1876b: 327.

Ranella (Lampas) candisata - Tryon, 1880: 41. pi. 22, fig. 43.

Colubraria granulata - Schumacher. 1817: 251 (in part).

Type data. — Gmelin (1791) and Roding (1798) both cited as an illustration of their species the

excellent coloured drawings by Chemnitz (1788, vol. 10: pi. 162, figs 1544-1545), which is clearly the present

species of Bursa. Until recently, no specimens of B. condita in MHNG have been recognised as having belonged to

Lamarck, who identified the species as Ranella candisata. Dr Y. Finet (MHNG) reported in January 1993 that

Rosalie de Lamarck's annotation on Lamarck’s copy of Lamarck (1822) indicates that Lamarck originally had one

specimen, and a search in the general collection brought to light a specimen that satisfied the requirements of being

Lamarck's specimen: it is the only one from the collection of Baron Delessert (who purchased Lamarck's Colin.

144

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 45. — Bursa species.— a-d. Bursa concilia (Gmelin), all xl. a-c, Michaelmas Cay, Queensland, Australia, 10 m,

D. Shasky Colin, d, "Nouvelle-Caledonie", Jousseaume Colin, MNHN. — e. g. Bursa cruentata (Sowerby). e,

MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW431, Loyalty Ridge, New Caledonia, 21 m, xl.5. g, CORAIL 2: sta. DW92, Chesterfield

Plateau, Coral Sea, 8 m, x2. — f, Bursa asperrima Dunker, NZGS WM12441, off Nanakuli, Oahu. Hawaii, coll.

C.M. Burgess, xl.5. — h. Bursa fijiensis (Watson), SMIB 2: sta. DWI4. S. New Caledonia. 405-444 m, xl.25.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RA NELLI DAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

145

and from whom it was acquired by mhng), and it is 70 mm high, which matches Lamarck's (1822: 150)

height of "2 pouces 9 lignes" (= approx. 71 mm). This specimen was originally glued to a tablet labelled

"Ranella candisata Lam. (Oc. Indien)", and was accompanied by a half-specimen (sawn longitudinally) of

the western Atlantic bursid Marsupina bufo (Bruguiere, 1792), which is still glued to the tablet by its sawn face.

The original Lamarck specimen (MHNG 993.102) is here designated the neotype of both Murex conditus Gmelin,

1791, and of Tritonium Gandisatum Roding, 1798. The type locality is designated as Ambon Island (Amboina),

Indonesia.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia. "Nouvelle-Caledonie” (I mnhn ex Jousseaume Colin; Fig. 45 d). — expedition

montrouzier: sta. 1270.

Distribution. — Although a range including the Indian Ocean would not be surprising for Bursa condita,

I am aware of records only from the central western Pacific archipelagoes. The northernmost record is the Amami

Islands, south of Kyushu, southern Japan (Habe, 1964: 75) and the southernmost record I am aware of is Try on

Island, Capricorn Group, southern Great Barrier Reef, Queensland (2 specimens AMS). I know of no records from

east of Vanuatu.

Dimensions. — On Michaelmas Cay. Queensland. D. Shasky Colin, collected alive (Figs 45 a-c): H

103.7. D 44.2. - New Caledonia, Jousseaume Colin: H 80.1, D 37.2. - Mur ex conduits (neotype MHNG 993.102):

H 70.0, D 32.8. - EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1270: H 94.7, D 42.0.

Remarks. — Bursa condita has been well known in the literature since pre-Linnean times, and yet is

among the rarest of all bursids in the living fauna. It is easily recognised by having the tallest spire and narrowest

shape of all Bursidae. by its fine, evenly granulous sculpture, with a row of small nodules at the periphery of most

specimens, by its very low, wide varices that are about 10° apart rather than aligned, and by its white, flared,

strongly plicate aperture in which the narrow ridges inside the outer lip extend well into the aperture. The exterior

is fawn to pale red-brown, with poorly defined axial colour bands, darker varices, and fine red-brown maculations on

the three to six main spiral cords.

The magnificent specimen (Figs 45 a-c) collected alive at 10 m on the face of the coral reef at Michaelmas

Cay, North Queensland, Australia, by Don Shasky, on 24 July 1981, is valuable for confirming that Bursa condita

has an operculum with an abapically terminal nucleus, as in the other species assigned to Bursa. It also has a

protoconch very similar to that of B. granularis , and a thin, patchy intritacalx preserved as a cream chalky deposit

between the surface granules. To my knowledge, B. condita has never before been recorded from New Caledonia,

and it is represented in the MNHN/ORSTOM collections reported here by only a single specimen, collected alive

during EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER. This specimen, also, is useful for confirming the terminal opercular nucleus.

The protoconch, although similar to that of B. granularis in shape, differs in its smaller size; on this specimen it is

2.0 mm high and 1.8 mm in maximum diameter; the apex is slightly abraded, so that the sculpture on protoconch I

and early II is not preserved. The irregular apex illustrated by Parth (1991c) is evidently the severely abraded early

teleoconch whorls.

Bursa cruentata (G.B. Sowerby II, 1835)

Figs 45 e, g

Ranella cruentata G.B. Sowerby II. 1835: pi. 85. figs 5, 5*.

Ranella cruentata - G.B. Sowerby II, 1841: 51. — KlENER. 1841: 13. pi. 7, fig. 2. — Reeve, 1842: 196, pi. 241, figs 5, 5*: 1844b: pi. 5, fig. 20.

— Kobelt, 1876b: 330. — Schmeltz, 1877: 81. — Tapparone-Canefri. 1881: 49.

Lampas cruentata - MOrch. 1852: 105.

Ranella ( Lampas ) cruentata - Tryon. 1880: 39. pi. 21. fig. 24 (only).

Lampasopsis ( sic ) cruentatum - Jousseaume, 1881: 176 (reprint p. 5).

Bursa cruentata - Osterciaard, 1939: 72. — CERNOHORSKY. 1967a: 312. pi. 43. fig. 7. — HOUBRICK & Fretter. 1969: 416. figs 1-2 A. -

Wilson & Gillett. 1971: 80. pi. 54, fig. 5. — Hinton. 1972: 12, pi. 6, fig. 27; 1978: 32. fig. 10. — Kay, 1979: 227 (but not fig. 80

B). — Beu, 1985: 63. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 123, pi. 34, fig. 7. — Drivas& Jay. 1988: 60. pi. 15. fig. 7. — Salvat et

ai, 1988: 103. pi. 13, fig. 18. — Lai. 1987: 21. figs 5-6. — Wilson, 1993: 226, pi. 43, fig. 8 . — Cossignani. 1994: 46.

Lampadopsis cruentata - Habe& Kosuge, 1966a: 4b. pi. 16, fig. 9.

146

ALAN G. BEU

Type data. — 3 syntypes, bmnh 1950.11.28.10-12. including Sowerby's figured syntype, here designated

the lectotype; type locality "Ticao, of the Philippines".

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW70. DW92 (Fig. 45 g).

New Caledonia, lagon de Noumea: sia. 1352. — expedition

montrouzier: sia. 1245, 1316, 1318.

Distribution. — Bursa cruentata is moderately common throughout the Indian Ocean, in the western

Pacific from southern Japan south to northern Australia, the Coral Sea and New Caledonia, and eastwards to the

Hawaiian Islands. Records from the eastern Pacific refer to B. asperrima (see "Remarks", below).

Dimensions. — Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW431: H 37.9, D 27.5. - Chesterfield Plateau,

CORAIL 2: sta. DW70: H 27.3 (spire apex incomplete), D 21.2; sta. DW92: H 26.5, D 19.6.

Remarks. — Bursa cruentata is a moderately common, widespread Indo-West Pacific species easily

recognisable by its moderately tall spire, its short posterior siphonal canal, not forming a semitubular spine, its

strongly digitate outer lip margin, and the blood-red to dark maroon-brown lines or splashes on the parietal area of

the inner lip, broken up by the prominent white plicae. The exterior of most specimens is white or cream, with

brown to violet splashes on the nodule tips of fresh, clean shells, but a few specimens are markedly darker, with

prominent dark brown maculations.

Bursa cruentata is frequently confused with another, closely similar species, B. asperrima (DUNKER 1862:

238; 1863: 57, pi. 19, figs 5-6; Fig. 45 f). This species differs from B. cruentata most obviously in lacking the

parietal red colour spots, but other slight differences seem consistent in the material seen: B. asperrima differs

from B. cruentata in its wider shape, particularly wider at the shoulders, and in its more strongly protruding

digitations around the outer lip. Like previous workers, I have been inclined to regard this form as merely part of

the variation of B. cruentata , but the incomplete sympatry of the two forms indicates they are distinct species. The

critical population is that at Clipperton Island, in the eastern Pacific: 12 specimens from Clipperton Island in the

Museum of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley (1. B6120; 1, B6111; 8, B4237; 1. B6554; 1, B6553)

are all typical specimens of B. asperrima , and B. cruentata does not appear to occur at Clipperton Island. EMERSON

(1991) recorded other Clipperton Island specimens and two Galapagos Islands specimens of B. asperrima.

Collections from the Hawaiian Islands appear to contain B. asperrima and B. cruentata in about equal numbers, but

from further westward in the western Pacific there are almost no records of B. asperrima (despite its apparently

spurious type locality of "China"). The only verified western Pacific records I am aware of (I know of none from

the Indian Ocean) of B. asperrima are specimens illustrated in publications as "Bursa cruentata" or " Lampadopsis

cruentata var.", but left out of the above synonymy list because in my opinion they illustrate B. asperrima:

OYAMA & TAKEMURA (1963: Lampadopsis-Tutufa pi. 1, fig. 5), from Hachijo Island, southern Japan; SALVAT &

Rives (1975: 307, fig. 180), from Makemo Island, Tuamotu Islands; and Okutani (1986: 116; 117, middle fig.

in second column from left), presumably from Japan. The occurrence of B. asperrima at Niue Island also seems to

be indicated by CERNOHORSKY's (1970: 180) record of specimens of B. cruentata at Niue with and without "distinct

black columellar bars". Yen (1942: 217, pi. 19, fig. 114) reillustrated Dunker's figured syntype (BMNH

1968566/1) of B. asperrima and designated it the lectotype. A further somewhat surprising record of this species

group is Bursa consobrina (Mayer, 1871), from the Late Miocene of Italy, illustrated by Bellardi (1873: 239, pi.

15, fig. 8); Bellardi's figure shows a specimen apparently indistinguishable from modern Indo-West Pacific

specimens of B. cruentata. The New Caledonian and Coral Sea specimens recorded here are all typical, relatively

narrow specimens of B. cruentata with red parietal colour spots.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6 : sta. DW431 (Fig. 45 e).

These seven samples were collected from the intertidal zone to 54

m. but living specimens only down to 30 m.

Bursa fijiensis (Watson, 1881)

Figs 45 h, 46 a-i, 58 c

Ranella fijiensis Watson, 1881: 270.

Ranella fijiensis - Watson, 1886: 397, pi. 34, figs 7 a-b.

Bursa (Bufonariella) fijiensis - Beu, 1978: 26, fig. 10.

Bursa (Colubrellina) fijiensis - Beu. 1985: 64. — Cossignani. 1994: 73-74.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

147

Fig. 46. — Bursa fijiensis (Watson). — a-g, MUSORSTOM 5: sta. 361, Chesterfield Plateau, Coral Sea. 400 m; a. x3.8; b,

e. xI6; c. x34; d. x26. f-g, specimen resembling holotype. xl.25.— h-i, smib 8: sta. DW189, Norfolk Ridge.

New Caledonia, 400-402 m; xl.25.

Source MNHN, Paris

148

ALAN G. BED

Type data. — Holotype BMNH 1887.2.9.1217 (Beu, 1978: 26; Cossignani, 1994: 73), from

"Challenger" sta. 173, 19°9'35 H S. 110P4V50” E, off Fiji, in 576 m. Paratype. BMNH 1887.2.9.1218,

from "Challenger" sta. 204A, 12°43' N, 112°9' E. 183-210 m, Philippine Islands (a fragmentary specimen of B.

awatii).

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta.

306. 337. 338, 361 (Figs 46 a-g). 362. 379.

New Caledonia. BATHUS I: sta. DW688.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DWI96. — smib 6: sta.

DW120. DW126. — bathus 4: sta. CP906. DW908. DW9I4.

DW925. DW927. CP928. DW929, DW93I. — HALICAL I: sta.

DW0I-04. DWOI. DW02. DW04.

Norfolk Ridge. MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW222. DW223. DW230. —

chalcal 2: sta. DW69. — smib 2: sta. DW4. DW8, DW14

(Fig. 45 h). — smib 4: sta. DW66. DW69. — smib 5: sta. DW79. —

smib 8: sta. DW 154. DWI87. DWI89 (Figs 46 h-i. 58 c). DWI97-

199. — smib 10: sta. DW208. — bathus 2: sta. DW729. DW730.

bathus 3: sta. DW830. DW838.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW406. DW4I0. DW422.

DW428. DW458. DW459, CP464. DW472. DW487.

These 51 samples were taken in 252-600 m. but only 10 were from

less than 400 m.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

DW978, I9°23' S, I69°27' E. 408-413 m (1). — Sta. CP982. 19°22‘ S.

169°26' E, 408-410 m (1). — Sta. CP 1103. 15°04* S. I67°08’ E. 163-

165 m (2). - Sta. DW1105. 15°03' S, I67°07' E. 154-179 m (4 very

large; I nzgs WMI5779).

Distribution. — H. Heinrich Miihlhausser (Freiburg) has recently sent me photographs of a specimen of

B. fijiensis from the Philippine Islands. So, although I have seen material so far only from off Fiji, off New

Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, on the Norfolk Ridge, in the Coral Sea, and off Vanuatu, Bursa fijiensis seems

likely to occur over a wider area, probably throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 53.5. D 35.0. - New Caledonia, smib 6: sta. DW120: H 56.6. D 32.3; sta.

DW 126: H 48.2, D. 28.8; H 46.5, D 28.1. - SMIB 8: sta. DWI89: H 49.6. D 29.9; H 48.4, D 28.6; H 44.7, D

28.4. - Vanuatu, MUSORSTOM 8: sta. DW1105: H 66.1, D 36.4: H 64.7. D 37.8; H 63.7, D 43.5.

Remarks. — One of the most surprising and satisfying aspects of the current repoil is the recognition of

the long-sought Bursa fijiensis as a fairly common deep-water species around New Caledonia, collected at 45

stations. This species has not been collected since a single specimen was taken during the voyage of H.M.S.

"Challenger", in 1874, the paratype not being conspecific with the holotype.

The holotype, reillustrated by Beu (1978: fig. 10) and COSSIGNANI (1994: 73), suggested that, although

the teleoconch surface has fairly even granulous sculpture, resembling that of Bufonaria species, and the varices are

placed strongly towards the sides of the shell, producing a more compressed appearance than is usual in Bursa

species (and so perhaps again suggesting a position in Bufonaria ), the overall appearance is more like that of

elongate Bursa species such as the common shallow-water species B. granularis. Examination of preserved, live-

collected material confirms a position in Bursa: the operculum has an abapically terminal nucleus. B. fijiensis

differs from B. granularis in its consistent pale fawn coloration, with scattered tan spots on the spiral cords on most

specimens, and with dorsal axial tan streaks or wide axial bars on many, in its slightly more dorsoventrally

compressed shape, in its more widely extended varices, in its more consistently present shoulder and peribasal

angulations, developing more marked angulations on the varices than are present in B. granularis , and in its more

widely flared lips with more numerous, more prominent ridges. Some specimens (Fig. 45 h) have widely flared

apertures similar to that of B. quirihorai. The protoconch is small, low-turbiniform, of 2.25 whorls, with weak

reticulate sculpture on the first whorl of protoconch II (Figs 46 b-c, e). Most of the specimens from off Vanuatu,

taken during MUSORSTOM 8, closely resemble New Caledonian ones, but the 4 specimens from the shallowest site

(sta. DW1105, 154-179 m) are much larger than any others seen (up to 66.1 mm high), are unusually elongate, and

are darker in colour than any New Caledonian ones, with more numerous dark axial streaks than on New

Caledonian specimens.

It seems unlikely that this first detailed sampling programme in south-western Pacific offshore waters has

discovered the entire range of Bursa fijiensis: it probably occurs throughout the southern area of the western Pacific,

and even throughout the western Pacific, in the depths where it has been collected around New Caledonia and

Vanuatu and in the Coral Sea (one Norfolk Ridge sample in 57-59 m; one Vanuatu sample in 154-179 m; the rest

in 260-580 m).

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

149

FlG. 47. — Bursa protoconchs; all xlO (drawn by Ron Brazier). — a. c. Bursa latitude* Garrard. New Caledonia, a. SMIB 3:

sta. DW29, 405 m. c. biocal: sta. CP105. 330-335 m. — b. Bursa lucaensis Parth. NZGS WM15024, Punta

Engano, Mactan I., Cebu. Philippines. — d. Bursa natalensis Coelho & Matthews. Bermuda. W. Atlantic; Abbey

Shells Colin. — e. Bursa quirihorai Beu. SMIB 3: sta. DWI8. New Caledonia. 338 m. — f. Bursa fosteri Beu.

paratype. NZGS WM 14441. Mactan I.. Cebu, Philippines. — g, Bursa rhodostoma (Beck in G.B. Sowerby II),

Guadalcanal, Solomon Is. (Vanuatu); Abbey Shells Colin (specimen in Fig. 52 h).

Bursa fosteri Beu. 1987

Figs 47 f, 58 h

Bursa (Colubrellina) latitude? fosteri Beu. 1987: 325, figs 195-199, 202-206.

Bursa (Colubrellina) latitude* fosteri - COSSIGNANI, 1994: 81.

TYPE DATA. — Holotype USNM 849013, tangle nets in 100-200 m, north side of Panglao Peninsula,

Bohol, Philippine Islands, coll. Quirono Hora. 1 paratype from type locality in Abbey Specimen Shells, Santa

Barbara, 4 paratypes from Punta Engano, Mactan I.. Cebu (2 NZGS WM13166 and 2 in Colin F.J. Springsteen), 2

paratypes from Mactan I., Cebu (NZGS WM 14441), I paratype, off Cebu, (NSMT 55501).

Nnw Caledonia records.— North of New Caledonia. Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

smib 6: sta. DW130 (Fig. 58 h). CPI 132. I5°38’S, I67°03'E, 161-182 m (1).

Distribution. — B. fosteri is recorded only from the Philippine Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia but,

like many other taxa reported here, no doubt occupies the western Pacific archipelagoes between these extremes.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 56.2. D 32.7. - New Caledonia, smib 6: sta. DW130: H 36.6, D 22.9.

Source:

150

ALAN G. BEU

REMARKS. — A single specimen of the distinctive species Bursa fasten, previously known only from

relatively few specimens from the Philippine Islands, was dredged during 1990 in 225-230 m oft southern New

Caledonia. The specimen has been reported and illustrated in colour by COSSIGNANI (1994: 81). Another, smaller

specimen is present in MNHN samples taken off Vanuatu during 1994.

At the time this species was described I had seen no specimens of B. latitude > from the Philippine Islands,

and the close similarity of B. fasten to B. latitude in many characters made it seem plausible that B. fasten was yet

another form in the "B. latitude complex". Now that B. latitudo has been collected in some numbers around the

Philippines (e.g. y see COSSIGNANI, 1994: 83-84) comparison of specimens shows that B. fasten is distinguishable

from B. latitudo in its smaller maximum size, its smaller nodules (particularly on the varices), and its larger and

more obvious red-brown parietal colour patch. The holotype of B. fasten (H 56.2 mm) is the largest specimen I

have seen, and few others are over 50 mm high, whereas B. latitudo commonly reaches 90-100 mm in height, and

the largest specimens are 110 mm high. The protoconch, however, provides the most marked and convincing

distinguishing character as, unlike the tall, exert, mamillate protoconch of B. latitudo and B. natalensis , that of B.

fasten (Fig. 47 f) is quite short and wide, of low turbiniform shape with obvious, deep sutures. The distinction

between the B. fasten protoconch, slightly wider than high, and the B. latitudo protoconch, markedly taller than

wide, enables a rapid separation of these species. The protoconch of B. fasten has a low protoconch I of 0.5

dimpled whorls, ending at a very low varix, followed by a protoconch II of 2.25 evenly and strongly inflated

whorls, the initial 0.3-0.5 whorl cancellated by narrow axial riblets crossing 5 narrow, widely spaced spiral cords,

but the remainder smooth and polished apart from numerous weak, widely spaced axial ridgelets.

The New Caledonian and Vanuatu specimens have slightly larger nodules on the shoulder angle and slightly

paler background coloration (fawn rather than pale red-brown) than Philippines shells, but these differences are

assumed to be trivial.

Bursa granularis (Roding, 1798)

Figs 48 a-e, 58 d

Tritonium granulate Roding, 1798: 127.

Tritonium jabick Roding, 1798: 127.

Biplex rubicola Perry, 1811: pi. 5, fig. 5.

Ranella granifera Lamarck, 1816: pi. 414, fig. 4; "Liste des objets", p. 4.

Ranella affinis Broderip, 1833a: 179.

Ranella livida Reeve, 1844b: pi. 6, fig. 28.

Ranella cubaniana d'Orbigny. 1842: 165, pi. 23, fig. 24.

Bursa cumingiana Dunker, 1862: 238.

Bursa alfredensis Turton, 1932: 107, pi. 24, fig. 781.

Bursa kowiensis Turton, 1932: 108, pi. 24, fig. 782.

Bursa cubaniana intermedia Nowell-Usticke, 1959: 62, pi. 3, fig. 13.

Bursa corrugata lineata Nowell-Usticke, 1959: 62, pi. 3, fig. 12.

Apollon granulare - MORCH, 1852: 106.

Bursa (Apollon) granularis - H. & A. Adams, 1853: 106.

Ranella granularis - Tapparone-Canefri, 1875a: 607; 1881: 52.

Bursa granularis - Hedley, 1916b: 196. — Cooke. 1916: 8. — Barnard, 1963: 17. — Hinton, 1972: 12, pi. 6, fig. 22. — Salvat & Rives.

1975: 307, fig. 179. — Hinton, 1978: 32. fig. 8. — Kay. 1979: 227, fig. 80A. — Garcia-Talavera, 1983: 141. — Kieburn &

Rippey, 1982: 73. pi. 16. fig. 14. — Short & Potter. 1987: 44. pi. 21, fig. 2. — Drivas& Jay, 1988: 62. pi. 16. fig. 4. — Salvat et

al., 1988: 103, pi. 13. fig. 12. — Leal. 1991: 111, pi. 16, figsC-D. — Wilson, 1993: 226. pi. 43, figs 11 a-b, 12.

Dulcerana granularis - Iredale, 1931: 213. — Rippingale& McMichael, 1961: 69, pi. 7, fig. 19. — Iredale& McMichael, 1962: 55.

Colubrellina granularis - Habe, 1961: 47. pi. 24. fig. 5. — Okutani, 1986: 116; 117. lop left fig.

Colubrellina (Dulcerana) granularis - Habe, 1964: 76, pi. 24, fig. 5. — Wilson & Gillett. 1971: 80, pi. 54, figs 7-7 b.

Bursa (Colubrellina) granularia (sic) - Rios. 1985: 79. pi. 28. fig. 347.

Bursa (Colubrellina) granularis granularis - BEU, 1985: 64. — COSSIGNANI. 1994: 75-77.

Bursa (Colubrellina) granularis - Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 123, pi. 34, figs 2 a-b. — Lai. 1987: 21, figs 7-8.

Bursa (Collubrellina) granulare - Skwarko& Sufiati. 1994: n3.

Bursa (Bufonariella) granularis - Bosch et al.. 1995: 102. fig. 373.

Dulcerana jabick - Iredale, 1931: 213.

Dulcerana (sic) jabick - COTTON, 1945: 261.

Colubrellina jabick - Oyama & Takemura, 1960: Colubrellina figs 3-4.

Ranella granifera - Lamarck. 1822: 153. —Kiener. 1841: I6.pl. II.fig. I. — Deshayes, 1843:548. — Menke. 1843: 24. — Reeve, 1844b:

pi. 6, fig. 30. — Krauss, 1848: 113.— Kuster & Kobelt, 1871: 143. pi. 39, fig. 1. — Kobelt, 1876a: 51; 1876b: 329; 1876 [in

Source:

RANELL1DAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

151

1876-78]: pi. 10. fig. 7. — Angas, 1877: 180. — Schmeltz, 1877: 81. — Brazier. 1879: 186. — Smith, 1891: 413. — van der

Vlerk, 1931: 240.

Tritonium graniferum - Quoy & GAIMard, 1835: pi. 40. figs 21-22.

Ranella (Lampas) granifera - Tryon. 1880: 41. pi. 22, figs 35-37. — Watson. 1886: 399.

Bursa (Colubrellina) granifera - Schf.pman. 1909: 119.

Bursa granifera - Hedley, 1918b: M67.

Ranella affinis - G.B. Sowerby II. 1835: pi. 89. fig. 12. — Reeve. 1844b: pi. 4. fig. 19. — Pease, 1868: 107. — KOster & Kobelt, 1871: 142.

pi. 38a. fig. 5. — Kobelt, 1876b: 329. — Angas, 1877: 180. — Schmeltz. 1877: 81. — Martin, 1899: 147. — Hedley, 1902: 26.

— Martin, 1919: 88. 130. — Tesch, 1920: 42, pi. 129. fig. 154. — van der Vlerk, 1931:240.

Ranella (Lampas) affinis - Tryon. 1880: 42. pi. 22, figs 38-41.

Gyrineum affine - Hedley. 1899: 457. — Schepman.1907: 182.

Bursa afftnis - Edmondson. 1946: 143. fig. 61 i.

Ranella livida - Reeve, 1844d: 138. — Krauss, 1848: 113. — Kobelt, 1876b: 329.

Ranella cubaniana - Kobelt, 1876b: 328.

Gyrineum affine var. cubanianum - Dall, 1889: 224.

Bursa cubaniana - Abbott. 1958: 57, fig. 2. pi. 1, fig. k. — Warmke & Abbott, 1961: 103, pi. 18. fig. i.

Bursa cubaniana intermedia - Nowell-Usticke. 1969: 15. pi. 3, fig. 634.

Bursa granularis cubaniana - ABBOTT, 1974: 167, pi. 7, fig. 1781 (as B. granularis in pi. caption). — Finlay. 1978: 149. — Bandf.l. 1984: 102,

pi. 10. figs 3, 8.

Bursa (Colubrellina) granularis cubaniana - Beu, 1985: 64. —Cossignani. 1994: 78.

Bursa cumingiana - Dunker, 1864: 59, pi. 19, figs 7-8. — Kobelt, 1876b: 329.

Ranella semigranosa - Reeve, 1844b: pi. 6. fig. 25. — Krauss. 1848: 113.

Colubrellina semigranosa - Oyama & Takemura. 1960: Colubrellina fig. 5-7.

Bursa subgranosa - COOKE, 1916: 8.

Dulcerana versigranulata (sic) - Jackson, 1952: 46.

Colubrellina corrugata - Oyama & Takemura, I960: Colubrellina fig. 1,2.

Bursa corrugata lineata - Nowell-Usticke, 1969: 14, pi. 3. fig. 632: 1971: 11, pi. 2, fig. 632.

TYPE data. — Ranella granifera : 4 syntypes MHNG (1 MHNG 1098/84 from "Mer Rouge"; 3 MHNG

1098/85, no locality). The type locality is here designated as the Red Sea. The largest and most finely sculptured of

the latter three syntypes, MHNG 1098/85/1, is the best match for the drawing in Lamarck (1816: pi. 414, fig. 4)

and is here designated the lectotype of Ranella granifera ; it is also here designated the neotype of Tritonium

granulate , of Tritonium jabick , and of Biplex rubicola. — Ranella affinis : 3 syntypes BMNH 1950.1 1.28.4-6, from

"Annaa, Pacific Ocean", ex Cuming Colin. These are three very large specimens of B. granularis ; the smallest,

figured by REEVE (1844a: pi. 4, fig. 19) is here designated the lectotype. — Ranella cubaniana : holotype BMNH

1854.10.4.412, from "Ste Lucie", a worn and damaged specimen of the Caribbean form of B. granularis. —

Ranella lividci : 3 syntypes BMNH 1967657, also from "Island of Annaa" and from the Cuming Colin; these are

three coarsely sculptured specimens of B. granularis. The largest, Reeve's (1844a) figured syntype (identified by "c"

inside the aperture) is here designated the lectotype.— Bursa cumingiana : 2 syntypes BMNH 1968530, from "New

Caledonia", ex Cuming Colin. These are 2 short specimens of B. granularis whose columellae have been excavated

by hermit crabs. The larger, figured syntype is here designated the lectotype. — Bursa alfredensis and Bursa

kowiensis : types presumably in the collection from Port Alfred presented to the Oxford University Museum by

Turton (Turton, 1932). — Bursa corrugata lineata : holotype AMNH 195427, from "Krause's Lagoon. St. Croix,

Virgin Islands", a small specimen of the cubaniana form of B. granularis. — Bursa cubaniana intermedia : type not

labelled, so not recognised with certainty in Nowell-Usticke's Colin (in AMNH); nearest to Nowell-Usticke's

( 1959, pi. 3, fig. 13) figure is one in AMNH 190490 (labelled " Bursa lineata "), with two specimens of B. corrugata ,

from "Puerto Rico". Nowell-Usticke was clearly confused about these forms and the differences between B.

granularis and B. corrugata, and in his third booklet (NOWELL-USTICKE, 1971: 11, pi. 2, no. 632) figured his

former intermedia as lineata. Faber (1988: 81) also noted "type lost", and pointed out that a specimen (AMNH

198478) labelled as the neotype of Bursa cubaniana intermedia has no status as a type.

N ew Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: sta.

P15. — corail 2: sta. DW8.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 16, 79, 82, 101 bis, 124, 161, 171. 200,

217, 272, 277. 283, 339, 342, 391.452. 480, 483. 521.546. 550. 551.

561.592, 606. 607, 619. 623, 641. 662. 663, 692, 712, 735, 760, 766.

772 (Figs 48 a-e), 801. 850. 876, 912, 923, 1088. 1190. —

expedition montrouzier: sta. 1237. 1240, 1241. 1242, 1245. 1246.

1252.1259,1266,1268,1270, 1277, 1279, 1282, 1284. 1285. 1286.

1287. 1289. 1291. 1299, 1301, 1303 (Fig. 58 d), 1304, 1307. 1310.

1312. 1315. 1316, 1318,1323. 1330. — lagon de Noumea: sta. 1351,

1352, 1354, 1356.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW431, DW432, DW434.

These 85 samples were taken from the intertidal zone to 130 m, but

only one was deeper than 70 m; live specimens were collected in 0-

52 m. but few alive below 15 m and most alive in the intertidal

zone.

DISTRIBUTION. — Bursa granularis is the most abundant and widely distributed of all Bursidae; B.

rhodostoma has a similar range, but is not known from the eastern Pacific and is considerably less common. B.

granularis occurs from Jeffreys Bay. South Africa (KlLBURN & RlPPEY. 1982: 73), throughout East Africa and the

Red Sea to the northern Indian Ocean, in the western Pacific from southern Japan (to Kii Peninsula. Honshu;

Habe, 1964) south to Sydney Harbour, New South Wales, and throughout New Caledonia and Polynesia, to

Source:

152

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 48. — Bursa species. — a-e. Bursa granularis (Roding), LAGON: sta. 772, Poindimie, New Caledonia, 30 m; a. x3.8;

b-c. x!6; d. x26: e. x44. — f-j, Bursa lucaensis Parth. f. unusually large specimen, NZGS WM15024, Mactan I.,

Cebu, Philippines, xl.5. g. i. typical Philippines specimen, NZGS WM 14525. Mactan I., Cebu, x2.5. h, j.

specimen with almost complete intritacalx, early " Vauban ", south of Grand R6cif Sud, New Caledonia, 200 m. 5

Nov. 1976, x3.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURS1DAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

153

Hawaii. In the eastern Pacific, particularly large, dramatic specimens are common at Clipperton Island (UCMP

37062, 23 shells) and specimens are recorded by Emerson (1991: table 1) from the Revillagigedo Islands, Cocos

Island, and the mainland coast at Bahia Chamelo, Jalisco. Mexico (LACM 38-6). In the western Atlantic, the poorly

differentiated cubaniana form is recorded from southeast Florida (Abbott, 1974: 167) southwards to Bahia. Brazil

(RlOS, 1985: 79). In the eastern Atlantic, the cubaniana form is recorded only from the Cape Verde Islands

(Garcia-Talavera. 1983: 141).

DIMENSIONS. — Ranella granifera (lectotype, also neotype of Tritonium granulate): H 54.9. D 30.4. -

Ranella cubaniana (holotype): H 51.7. D 33.1. - Ranella ajfinis (lectotype): H 62.5. D 35.7; larger paralectotype:

H 80.7, D 45.3. - Ranella livida (lectotype): H 56.8. D 32.0. - Bursa cumingiana (lectotype): H 46.5, D 31.3. -

Bursa corrugata lineata (holotype): H 25.9, D 16.8. - New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 16: H 50.8, D 28.6. - LAGON

DE NOUMEA: sta. 1354: H 61.6, D 35.8. Maximum size recorded in New Caledonia 74.2 mm (Prigent. 1995: 8).

REMARKS. — Bursa granularis is perhaps the most common and variable of all Indo-West Pacific

tonnoideans, and also occurs in the Atlantic, so it is not surprising that it has received at least 13 names, and has

been referred to in publications hundreds of times. The above synonymy list contains all synonyms I am aware of,

but is a very incomplete representation of the innumerable subsequent references.

Although there have been a few published records of this species as a Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil in

Indonesia (Skwarko & Sufiati, 1994: n3), other records of Miocene to Pleistocene fossils under the name Bursa

(or Ranella) ajfinis and B. corrugata almost certainly all refer to B. granularis , as I am aware of no authentic

western Pacific records of B. corrugata [Ranella ajfinis - MARTIN, 1899: 147; 1919: 88, 130; VAN DER VLERK.

1931: 240; Gyrineum affine - SCHEPMAN, 1907: 182; Bursa corrugata - ALTENA. 1942: 107].

The valid name for the species is slightly in doubt as, when introducing the unavailable and unnecessary

generic name Dulcerana , IREDALE (1931: 213) made a long, ambiguous statement: "Of the three species classed

under Bursa by Hedley ... the other one, granifera Lamarck, apparently equivalent to granularis Bolten [Roding] and

jabick Bolten [Roding], the latter having priority, is here made the type of a new genus Dulcerana ". In his list of

new taxa at the rear of this paper, IREDALE (1931: 232) listed as type species of Dulcerana "type Ranella granifera

Lamarck", so it is unclear whether he intended to adopt one or the other of Roding’s species names. As it stands,

Iredale’s statement that jabick Roding has priority over granularis Roding appears almost to have the weight of a

first reviser's action, but IREDALE evidently meant it only in the sense of jabick coming higher on the same page

than granularis , as subsequently, in their catalogue of New South Wales Mollusca, IREDALE & McMlCHAEL

(1962: 55) used the name Dulcerana granularis for this species. The name Bursa granularis has been used

universally by modern taxonomists, and a change of name at this time would impede nomenclatural stability. As

first reviser, I select the name Tritonium granulare Roding, 1798, as the name to be used for the species named

both Tritonium granulare and Tritonium jabick by RODING (1798: 127). Both illustrations cited by RODING

(1798: 127) for T. granulare (MARTINI, 1780: vol. 4, pi. 127, figs 1226-1227) and for T. jabick (same plate, figs

1224-1225) are clear drawings of Bursa granularis (= Ranella granifera Lamarck, etc.] of subsequent authors, and

there is no doubt about the synonymy of these two names. Perry's (1811: pi. 5, fig. 5) drawing for Biplex

rubicola is also a clear, excellent one of B. granularis.

As Bursa granularis is extremely variable in spire height, in the prominence of the spiral cords, and in the

size of nodules on the cords, as well as in coloration, there is no doubt that Ranella granifera. R . ajfinis. R. livida.

and Bursa cumingiana are based on trivial characters of no taxonomic significance. Bursa alfredensis and B.

kowiensis are also based on trivial sculptural variants, B. koxviensis being proposed for one of the most extremely

smooth, weakly sculptured forms (specimen from Durban sent by R.N. KiLBURN, NZGS WM11257). Similarly.

Nowell-Usticke's (1959: pi. 3, figs 12-13) illustrations of his named forms lineata and intermedia show that

they are based on trivial shape and sculptural variants. However, two forms occurring in part of the range call for

special comment.

ABBOTT (1958: 57-59) compared animals of Natal, South Africa and Grand Cayman Island, Caribbean

specimens of Bursa granularis and, finding small differences, considered B. cubaniana to be a distinct Atlantic

species. The differences in denticle size and number on the central teeth figured by Abbott (1958: figs 1 d, 2 c) are

likely to be within the range of variation of one species, as they are less different than the extremes of the range of

variation shown by Cabestana spengleri in New Zealand (Beu, unpublished). Similarly, the presence or absence of

a papilla on the penis tip is likely to be the result of preservational differences, and needs re-examination in living

material. The one difference that is not easily explained away is the greatly larger odontophore and radula of

154

ALAN G. BEU

Atlantic than of Natal specimens ("2 to 2.5 times as large"; Abbott, 1958: 59) and this, also, deserves study from

many more specimens. Of the 13 Atlantic specimens in NZGS, nearly all do not display the character of fine axial

threads on early teleoconch whorls, listed by ABBOTT (1958) as a distinguishing criterion of Atlantic shells; one

live-collected specimen has fine axials, as do a few live-collected Pacific specimens. Similarly, the uppermost low,

wide nodule inside the outer lip bearing three transverse ridges ("a grouping of 3 teeth on the upper lip"; ABBOTT,

1958: 59) is inconsistent, as smaller Atlantic specimens have only two ridges, and larger Indo-West Pacific ones all

have three. Leal (1991, pi. 16, figs C-D) published good SEM micrographs of the protoconch of B. granulans from

Fernando de Noronha I., Brazil, showing no differences from protoconchs of Pacific specimens. The Atlantic

specimens I have seen all have a consistent colour pattern, a moderately dark tan background (highly variable in

tone between specimens), with a paler (cream on most specimens) diffuse peribasal band and dorsum of the anterior

canal, with varices darker brown than the background but banded with cream at the three points where they are

crossed by the major spiral cords. The coloration of Indo-West Pacific specimens is more variable, from uniform

near-white to uniform dark brown through a large range of banding and streaking patterns; specimens with the

"Atlantic" colour pattern have been seen from Grand Recif de Tulear, Madagascar; Horseshoe Reef, Okinawa;

Tuamotu Islands; and Hawaii. So, although the Atlantic form cubaniana is barely distinguishable from Indo-West

Pacific specimens, there are some grounds for maintaining it as a separate taxon, and the radula size difference

pointed out by ABBOTT (1958) deserve further study. Such situations require anatomical or genetic analysis before

they can be evaluated fully, and at present the cubaniana form seems best regarded as pail of the variation of a

single widespread taxon, B. granulans.

The other taxonomic uncertainty with Bursa granulans is the specimens from southern Western Australia

illustrated by BOZZETTI (1991) as " Bursa cf. nodosa (Borson)", and by WILSON (1993: pi. 43, fig. 12) as " Bursa

granulans "affinis" form". BOZZETTI (1991) pointed out that these specimens closely resemble B. nodosa (Italian

Miocene and Pliocene) in shape and in having three rows of large, rounded nodules on the last whorl. However,

Western Australian specimens lack the finely gemmate surface of Italian fossils (shown also by their close living

relative, the West African B. scrobilator coriacea (Reeve, 1844) which, however, has four rows of nodules on the

last whorl). The Western Australian specimens are consistently very pale pinkish fawn in colour, and only a small

proportion of specimens have nodules as large as those illustrated by BOZZETTI; most have a weakly nodulous or

an almost smooth surface. However, the first teleoconch whorl or two of all specimens is brown and is sculptured

as in normal B. granularis. Also, while the most extreme specimens come from southern Western Australia, from

Fremantle south to Margaret River and Cape Leeuwin, specimens from further north up the coast intergrade with B.

granularis. The more northern specimens may be darker in colour (e.g. NZGS WM11251, Camac Island), or in the

case of two specimens from Ningaloo Station, northern Western Australia (NZGS WM10832) may be pale pinkish

fawn in colour but have sculpture intermediate between the extreme southern specimens and more normal B.

granularis. Thus, it appears that the Western Australian form is a geographically restricted variant of B. granularis.

Whether this is a separate taxon or simply to be included in B. granularis will depend on the results of anatomical

and genetic studies. However, it is interesting in showing an apparently closer relationship between B. granulans

and the Mediterranean#, scrobilator complex than could have been inferred from the shell morphology of normal

B. granularis populations.

A final taxonomic point is the identity of Bursa semigranosa (Lamarck, 1816). Most early post-Lamarckian

authors interpreted this name as applying to the weakly sculptured form of B. granularis that has also been named

B. kowiensis by TURTON (1932) (e.g. Reeve 1844b: pi. 6, fig. 25; Kobelt, 1876b: 329); these workers thought

KlENER (1841: 19, pi. 11, fig. 2) had wrongly illustrated a form of B. corrugata (Perry, 1811) as B. semigranosa.

However, as I have noted previously (Beu, 1987: 249), KlENER's figured ranellids and bursids are mostly from

among Lamarck's type specimens, and are useful for giving a far better idea of these specimens than, for example,

the illustrations (in many cases of the very same specimens) in "Tableau Encyclopedique" (Lamarck, 1816).

Lamarck's syntypes of Ranella semigranosa (MHNG. 1098/86) are two specimens of a rather weakly sculptured

form of Bursa corrugata , labelled "Amer. centr.". but whether they represent the eastern Pacific form or the western

Atlantic form is not determinable. The syntype figured by KlENER was illustrated again by COSSIGNANI (1994: 77.

top left 2 figs); this specimen (MHNG 1098/86/2) is here designated the Iectotype of Ranella semigranosa. The

relevant point here is that Ranella semigranosa is not a synonym of B. granularis.

Bursa granularis is easily recognised by its unusually tall and narrow shape for a bursid, and by its thin

shell, giving it an overall appearance more nearly resembling that of Cymatium than is usual for bursids. All

specimens have three major spiral cords on the last whorl, forming nodules on the varices, and most have small to

large, prominent nodules on the main cords (a few lack nodules). The width of the varices and the protrusion of the

nodules on the varices are highly variable. The abapertural face of each varix is deeply excavated, and so is

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

155

buttressed by the spiral cords. The aperture is well rounded, because of an excavated columella, and the lightly flared

lips are prominently ridged. In many specimens the aperture is a similar colour to the rest of the teleoconch. The

protoconch is of the most common type in Bursa , of 2.5 whorls, rather tall turbiniform with weakly impressed

sutures, with an initial finely reticulate protoconch I of 0.5 whorl, and with cancellate sculpture on the first whorl

of protoconch II.

Bursa lamarckii (Deshayes, 1853)

Figs 49 a-e, 58 f

Ranella lamarkii (sic) Deshayes, 1853, "Explications des planches": 67, pi. 112, figs 1-2.

Bursa muehlhaeusseri Parth, 1990: 217, figs 1 a, 2 a, 3.

Bursa angioyorum Parth, 1990: 220, figs 1 b. 2 b, 4.

Bursa lamarckii - Beu. 1985: 63, fig. 40. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 120, pi. 33, fig. 2. — Lai, 1987: 20. fig. 5. — Wilson, 1993: 227.

pi. 43, figs 7 a-b. — Cossignani. 1994: 49. illus. — Beu, 1997: 150.

Bursa bufonia - Oyama & Takemura. 1963: Bursa pi., fig. 9. — Shikama, 1963: 64. pi. 49, fig. 1.

Ranella bufonia var. b - Reeve. 1844b: pi. 5, fig. 23 a.

Bursa venustula - Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 45. pi. 16, fig. 4.

Bursa muehlhaeusseri - Cossignani, 1994: 42, illus. _

Bursa angioyorum - Cossignani, 1994: 54, 55, illus.

Bursa species - Cernohorsky, 1967a: 316, pi. 42, fig. 2; 1967b: 46, pi. 1. fig. 2. — Hinton, 1972: 12. pi. 6. fig. 24: 1978: pi. 32, fig. 2.

TYPE DATA. — No specimens in MNHN are identified as Deshayes's type(s) of Ranella lamarckii, and no

specimen in the collection closely resembles Deshayes’s figure. Neither has it been recognized by Dr A. Prieur,

curator of paleontology at Centre des Sciences de la Terre, Universite Claude Bernard, Lyon, where the former

collection of Ecole des Mines has been transfered. The whereabouts of any original material is therefore unknown.

REEVE (1844b: caption to pi. 5, fig. 23 a) illustrated this species very clearly, as "Ranella bufonia variety b", and

stated that, although Deshayes (1843: 546) had proposed to separate this form from R. bufonia, he thought earlier

authors were correct to treat it as part of the variation of R. bufonia. The specimen illustrated by Reeve (1844b:

pi. 5, fig. 23 a) is from "Island of Capul, Philippines (found under coral at low water)" and is from the Cuming

Colin. This specimen, BMNH 1995224/1, is here designated the neotype of Ranella lamarckii. Reeve's figured

specimen (Figs 49 b, e) is accompanied by two smaller specimens (BMNH 1995224/2-3). Reeve (1844b) stated

that the figured specimen was from the Jane Saul Collection, but this is incorrect. — Bursa muehlhaeusseri and B.

angioyorum'. holotypes both from Cebu, Philippines, in Zoologischen Staatssammlung. Miinchen; paratypes of

both in Colin M. Parth (PARTH, 1990).

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, expedition Other material examined. — French Polynesia. Tahuata

montrouzier: sta. 1270 (Fig. 58 0. I., 09°54.5’ S, 139°07.9’ W, 190 m. coll. J. Poupin-SMCB (1 mnhn).

Distribution. — Throughout the tropical Indo-West Pacific, from Madagascar (NZGS WM12478, Tulear)

and presumably East Africa to the Red Sea (2 lots NZGS), and from the southern Great Barrier Reef, eastern

Australia (NZGS WM 11634, One Tree I., Capricorn Group) to at least as far north as Okinawa (Oyama &

Takemura, 1963: Bursa pi., fig. 9), the Solomon Islands (NZGS, 2 lots), and east to French Polynesia (newly

reported here).

DIMENSIONS. — Ranella lamarckii (neotype): H 56.7, D 42.5. - New Caledonia, EXPEDITION

MONTROUZIER: sta. 1270: H 54.2, D 42.2. - Mactan Cebu, typical large Philippines specimen. NZGS WM15125:

H 62.5, D 45.4.

Remarks. — Although Bursa lamarckii is a reasonably common species throughout the western Pacific

archipelagoes, from the Great Barrier Reef to Okinawa, confusion has reigned over its name. It was confused with

B. bufonia (a larger species with a white to cream aperture) by Oyama & Takemura (1963) and Shikama

( 1963), as well as in some early iconographies. It was identified as B. venustula (Reeve, 1844) by Habe &

KOSUGE (1966a: 45), but B. venustula is a much smaller species (Fig. 52 1) with a rich dark purple aperture,

occurring only in eastern Polynesia to my knowledge (CERNOHORSKY, 1967a: 315). The syntypes of B. venustula

were illustrated excellently in colour by COSSIGNANI (1994: 62). Other workers have regarded B. lamarckii as

possibly an unnamed species (Cernohorsky, 1967a, 1967b; Hinton 1972, 1978). As pointed out by Bf.u

Source

156

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 49. — Bursa species. — a-e. Bursa lamarckii (Deshayes). ail xl. a. typical large Philippines specimen; Mactan I..

Cebu, F.J. Springsteen Colin, b, e. neotype of Ranella lamarckii Deshayes, BMNH 1995224/1. "Isle of Capul.

Philippines", ex Cuming Colin, c. d. copy (inverted) of original figures in DESHAYES (1853: 67, pi. 112, figs I-

2). — f-g. Bursa ranelloides (Reeve), Indian Ocean, in mnhn. f, benthedi: sta. 49, west of Passe Boueni,

Mayotte I., Comores Islands. 300-450 m, xl. g. MD32/REUNION: sta. DCI28, off Reunion, 280-340 m, x 1.5. —

h-j, Bursa latitude? Garrard. Queensland, eastern Australia: xl. h. j, holotype, F211I1, Museum of Victoria,

trawled, 250 m, off Moreton I. i, NE of Cape Moreton. trawled, 219 m, Thora Whitehead Colin.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

157

(1997), the reason for the confusion is that DESHAYES’s (1853: 67. pi. 112, figs 1-2) illustration and caption for

this species were published in his rare, unfinished textbook, "Traite elementaire de conchyliologie", and therefore

have been seen by few taxonomists. The illustrations are excellent but slightly stylised, coloured drawings, and

leave no doubt of the species intended (Figs 49 c-d). Cox (1942) discussed the dates of publication of this work;

the relevant page of the "Explications des planches" was published in 1853.

Although Deshayes (1853) spelled the name "lamarkii", in both French and Latin, there can be no doubt

that it was intended to honour his illustrious predecessor in the Paris Museum. J.B.P.A. de M. de Lamarck, and the

correct spelling should be adopted following ICZN Article 32d. Several other generic and specific names are

incorrectly spelled in Deshayes's "Explications des planches" (e.g., Aphysici for Aplysia, p. 59; Nerita pelerouta for

N. peloronta , p. x) and lamarkii appears to be one of several typographical errors.

The most obvious and distinctive character of Bursa lamarckii is its dark brown to black aperture, with

numerous pale brown transverse ridges on both the inner and outer lips. Other significant characters are its

moderately tall spire, its long, only narrowly open, tubular posterior canals, and the distinctive sculpture of two or

three large, rounded to angular or almost square nodules at the periphery in each intervariceal interval, the whole

surface crossed by several low, narrow, finely nodulous spiral cords. Although the most common form has a

distinctive coloration of dark brown varices, base and anterior canal, bearing numerous white spots, and prominent

dark brown axial flames between the large, pale brown to cream peripheral nodules, this coloration intergrades,

through a range of browns, with the more uniformly pale brown form named B. angioyorum by Parth (1990:

220), and also with the small, square-noduled, rather uniformly pale brown'form named B. muehlhaeusseri by

Parth (1990: 217). In my opinion, the lack of any consistent apertural characters distinguishing these three forms

indicates they are part of the variation of one species.

Bursa latitudo Garrard, 1961

Figs 47 a, c, 49 h-j, 50 a-h, 51 a-f, 58 g

Bursa latitudo Garrard, 1961: 15, pi. 2, fig. 2.

Bursa (Bufonariella) latitudo wolfei Beu. 1981: 289, figs 17 a-f.

Bursa lampas - TINKER, 1952: 98-99. centre fig.

Bursa finlayi - Wolfe, 1975b: 12. figs 1-2.

Bursa latitudo - Kay. 1979: 227, fig. 80 H. — Parth. 1991c: 209. — Wilson, 1993: 227, pi. 43, fig. 13.

Bursa (Bufonariella) latitudo latitudo - Beu. 1981: 287, figs 16 g-i.

Bursa (Colubrellina) latitudo latitudo - Beu, 1985: 64. — Cossignani. 1994: 80.

Bursa (Colubrellina) latitudo wolfei - Beu, 1985: 64. — Cossignani. 1994: 83-84.

Bursa nigrita - Wells et at., 1990: 40, pi. 19. fig. 123.

TYPE data. — Bursa latitudo : holotype, Museum of Victoria, Melbourne, F21111, trawled off Moreton

Island, southern Queensland, in 230 m (Figs 49 h. j); paratype AMS C63353 [a badly damaged specimen of Ranella

australasia (Perry, 1811)). from the same locality as the holotype. — Bursa latitudo wolfei : holotype BPBM 8936,

from crab trap in 58 m, off Makahu, Hawaii; 2 paratypes. off Kahuku. 120 m, Oahu, Hawaii (1 in C.S. Wolfe

Colin, 1 in S. Handrahan Colin); paratype, off Haleiwa,

Nanakuli. Oahu, Hawaii, in Honolulu Aquarium Colin.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta.

294, 299.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 497. — bathus 1: sta. DW654, CP669.

— Off Le Leizour, 100 m. in traps (Fig. 51 d).

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DW164. CC175. —

bathus 4: sta. DW925. — halical 1: sta. DW02.

Norfolk Ridge. "Vauban": Pte. Sud du Grand Recif, drague 300 m, 4

Nov. 1976. — "Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 15 (Fig. 50 b). — biocal: sta.

DW64, DW65, CPI05 (Figs 47 c, 50 d)^— musorstom 4: sta.

DW212 (Fig. 50 e), DW222. — CHALCAL 2: sta. CH3. CH4. CH5.

CP 19, CP20, CP27. DW69. DW70, DW7I, DW79. — SMIB 3: sta.

DW8. DW9. DW10, DWI4. DW18. DW20. DW29 (Fig. 47 a). -

smib 4: sta. DW40. DW4I. DW42, DW43, DW44, DW45, DW46,

DW47. DW49. DW50. DW53, DW56. — smib 5: sta. DW70,

120 m, Oahu, Hawaii, in C.S. Wolfe Colin; paratype, off

DW7L DW72, DW73, DW74. DW75. DW76, DW77, DW85,

DW87. DW88. DW91, DW92. DW93, DW94. DW97, DWI0I. —

smib 8: sta. DW147. DW154. DWI55. DW157. DWI58, DWI59,

DW160, DW161. DWI62, DWI63. DWI65, DW170-172, DW173,

DWI74, DW 177, DWI81. DWI82. DW183, DW184, DW 182-184,

DW 185, DW 187, DW 197- 1 99. — smib 10: sta. DW203. DW207,

DW208. DW2I0. — BERYX 11: sta. DW1I. CHI 5, CP 16. DW18.

CP23, CP25, DW40. — bathus 2: sta. DW730. — bathus 3: sta.

CP804, CP805. DW830.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW399, DW407. DW418,

DW422 (Fig. 50 a), DW478, DW480. DW487. — calsub: dive 5

(Fig. 50 c). — volsmar: sta. DW41 (Fig. 58 g).

These 107 lots were taken in 100 to 660 m, but only 3 samples were

taken in less than 230 m.

Source

158

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 50. — Bursa latitude ) Garrard, all xl. — a, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW422, Loyalty Ridge, New Caledonia, 257 m. — b,

"Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 15, southern New Caledonia, 390-395 m (with severely broken and partially regrown

aperture). — c, CALSUB 1989, Cyana dive 5A, West of Lifou, Loyalty Islands, 954-150 m. — d, biocal: sta.

CP 105. New Caledonia, 330-335 m (typical of the large number of small specimens from the New Caledonian

region). — e, MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW212, Norfolk Ridge, 375-380 m. — f, NZGS WM 15340, off Bohol I..

Philippines.— g-h, crab traps at 300-400 m, off Oahu. Hawaii, Abbey Shells Colin (from the type locality of

B. latitudet wolfei Beu).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANHLLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

159

Fig. 51. — Bursa latitudo Garrard, all xl. — a, NMNZ M2646I8, 130 m, off Ducie I., near Pitcairn. — b. east of Lady

Musgrave L, Queensland, Australia, 260 m. Thora Whitehead Colin. — c, f, MNHN, Tematangi L. eastern French

Polynesia, 500 m. — d, MNHN. off Le Leizour, New Caledonia. 100 m. — e. MNHN, off Moorea, Society Islands,

French Polynesia, 500 m, Coll. Plessis.

Source: MNHN, Paris

160

ALAN G. BEU

Other material examined. — Eastern Australia. Off

Caloundra. Queensland. 100-130 m (I ams C66528). — ENE of

Cape Moreton. southern Queensland, trawled in 110 m < I in Colin

C.S. Wolfe). — NE of Cape Moreton. Queensland, trawled in 219 ni

(1 in Colin Whitehead: Fig. 49 i). — East of Lady Musgrave Island.

Queensland. 260 m (1 in Colin Whitehead: Fig. 51 b».

Vanuatu, volsmar: sta. DW50 (1. juvenile, red-brown). — Sta.

DW59 (I, juvenile, red-brown).

Philippine Islands. Mactan I.. Cebu (I nzgs WM15126. pres. M.

Parth). — Off Bohol I. "deep-water". Abbey Specimen shells (3

nzgs WM 15340: Fig. 50 f). — Data as last <1 in Abbey Specimen

Shells).

Eastern Polynesia. Tematangi Island (west of Mururoa and south of

Tuamotus), 2I°40 , 8" S. I40°30'6" W. 500 m. coll. J. Poupin-SMCB, 27

Oct. 1990 (1 mnhn: Fies 51 c, f). — Vanavana Island, Actaeon

Islands. 20°45‘7" S. 139°10T’ W. 240 m, coll. J. Poupin-SMCB, 28

Oct. 1990 (2 mnhn. I NZGS WM 15563). — Maria Island. Actaeon

Islands. 22°01'S. 136° 12' W. coll. J. Poupin-SMCB, 30 May 1990 (1

mnhn). — Tuhiai. Rurutu I.. Austral Islands. 22°29' S. 151 °22* W 125

m. coll. J. Poupin-SMCB. 27 Nov. 1990 (6 mnhn. medium-sized: I

nzgs WM 157857). — Mururoa Island, 21°51' S. I38°58' W. coll. J.

Poupin-SMCB. 15 May 1990 (1 MNHN). — Off Moorea I., Society

Islands, 500 m, coll. Plessis. 1979 (1 mnhn; Fig. 51 e). — Off Baie

Omoa, west coast of Fatu Hiva. Marquesas Islands. "Pete" sta. FH-

1.80m. 27 Sept. 1967 (I usnm 798692, incomplete). — Off Oeno

Island, Pitcairn Group, 23°56.89' S, I30°44.78‘ W. 100 m. F.V.

"MeLachlan", coll. P. Sharpies (2 nmnz M270533). — Ducie Island,

east of Pitcairn Island, 24°40.7' S. 124°48.3' W. 130 m. F.V.

"McLachlan", coll. P. Sharpies, 10 May 1994 (1 nmnz M2646I8). —

Off Ducie I.. Pitcairn Group, crayfish pots, 130 m. 24°40.7' S.

124°48.3' W. F.V. "McLachlan", coll. P. Sharpies (17 large, nmnz

M2646I8: Fig, 51 a).

Marianas Islands. Guam, from University of Guam deep-water

samples, photographs of 2 specimens sent by R. Salisbury.

Hawaiian Islands. Off French Frigate Shoals, northern Hawaii, crab

trap, 150-200 m. 14 May 1987 (1 nzgs WM 15000). — Off Oahu,

crab trap, 150-200 m (3. Abbey Specimens Shells no. 87-036A).

In addition to these specimens, a reliable published record (as

"Bursa nigrita") should be listed: Wells et al. (1990: 40. pi. 19, fig.

123) gave an excellent coloured figure of a specimen of B. latitudo

from Christmas Island, in the eastern Indian Ocean.

Distribution. — Bursa latitudo appears to range from Christmas Island in the northeastern Indian Ocean,

and from eastern Australia and New Caledonia, throughout southern Melanesia and Polynesia to the Hawaiian

Islands and Pitcairn, and northwards through the West Pacific to the Philippines. It presumably occurs

uncommonly throughout the western Pacific province and the eastern Indian Ocean, mostly in more than 200 m of

water.

DIMENSIONS. — Holotype: H 95, D 55 (Garrard. 1961). - Bursa latitudo wolfei (largest paratype), off

Nanakuli, Oahu, in Honolulu Aquarium Colin: H 104.4, D 58.3. - Off Caloundra, Queensland. AMS C66528: H

54.4, D 33.5. - Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW422: H 72.6, D 46.8. - Norfolk Ridge, SMIB 4: sta. DW56:

H 60.6, D 38.7. - Loyalty Ridge, CALSUB: dive 5: H 70.4. D 46.5. - New Caledonia, off Le Leizour: H 87.4, D

51.6.

Remarks. — The second surprising aspect of the New Caledonian bursid fauna, after the rediscovery of

Bursa fjiensis. is the great abundance of Bursa latitudo in deep water (mostly 200-660 m) throughout the sampled

area. In view of the continuing paucity of records from the type area, eastern Australia (a total of five specimens

known to me) the variation and limits of the species have been poorly known since it was described, and I earlier

(Beu, 1981: 289) named a large, coarsely sculptured form, at that time known only from Hawaii, as the subspecies

B. latitudo wolfei. The huge range of size and of sculptural variation in the New Caledonian material now makes it

obvious, however, that the wolfei form is simply part of the variation of the single Western Pacific species, B.

latitudo; this was also the conclusion of Parth (1991c).

New Caledonian specimens range from ones resembling the type material of B. latitudo wolfei (Fig. 51 d;

the shallowest record, from only 100 m), through ones with small peripheral nodules but relatively large nodules

over most of the rest of the teleoconch surface (Figs 50 a, e; 58 g), and specimens with huge nodules all down the

shell (Fig. 50 c), to specimens with very small peripheral nodules and little other than fine gemmae over the rest of

the teleconch surface. Most are intermediate between the finely sculptured latitudo form and the coarsely sculptured

wolfei form. All specimens from eastern Australia, including the holotype (Figs 49 h, j), and virtually all from

New Caledonia are pale fawn in colour, whereas those from eastern French Polynesia and Hawaii tend to be a more

salmon to pink colour with bright red-brown maculations, and the relatively common Philippine Islands specimens

now available are almost all a bright, fairly uniform red-brown. However, a reasonable range of colour variation

occurs in all areas; some New Caledonian shells are bright red-brown, and there is no evidence of any consistent

geographic forms. This is one Western Pacific species, ranging at least to Christmas Island in the eastern Indian

Ocean.

The protoconch of B. latitudo (Figs 47 a, c) and the similar but narrower. Western Atlantic species B.

natalensis Coelho & Matthews, 1970 (Fig. 47 d) is large, rather tall and exert, with a weakly impressed suture,

producing a three-whorled, rather tall mammillate shape, and characteristically bearing fine but obvious reticulate

sculpture on the first whorl of protoconch II; protoconch 1 is rather small in diameter, producing a narrowly pointed

apex. This protoconch is similar to that described above for B. granularis , but a little taller and more narrowly

pointed; the protoconch is markedly different from that of B. fijiensis , which is much shorter, with lower, more

inflated whorls and more deeply impressed sutures. Another form originally described as a further form in the

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

161

B. latitudo complex, B. "latitude)" fosteri, has the low-turbiniform protoconch type as in B. fijiensis, and is now

clearly seen to be a distinct, smaller species, not closely related to either B. latitudo or B. ranelloides (as also was

concluded by Parth, 1991c). B. fosteri is recorded above from New Caledonia.

Bursa ranelloides differs from B. latitudo in its smaller maximum size (few specimens of B. ranelloides are

over 50 mm high), in having fewer rows of gemmae or small nodules between the major peripheral rows - about

three rows in the most finely sculptured B. ranelloides (none in coarse Japanese ones), 3 more widely spaced (with

4 to many rows of fine gemmae between) in B. latitudo - and in having an intritacalx, or calcified periostracum,

rather than merely the very thin, obscure, conchiolin one of B. latitudo. Some very well preserved, live-collected

specimens of B. latitudo have a periostracum with low, thin, reticulate axial and spiral ridges <1 mm apart, with

short, erect bristles at their intersections. Otherwise, the overall appearance and red parietal area of B. latitudo are

closely similar to those of B. ranelloides. The western Atlantic B. natalensis is, again, closely similar to B.

latitudo , but still taller and narrower.

A comment on some aspects of Bursa ranelloides taxonomy is called for. 1 agree with PARTH (1991c) that

Somalian specimens formerly identified by me as B. ranelloides humilis do not belong in B. ranelloides. Apart

from shell differences (the Somalian specimens all lack any red parietal area, otherwise consistently present in all

B. ranelloides populations; and they all have consistently even granulous sculpture, without the larger, rectangular

peripheral nodules of B. ranelloides humilis), a newly discovered B. ranelloides population makes the occurrence of

B. ranelloides humilis in both Western Australia and Somalia a genetic impossibility. Clearly, if B. ranelloides

tenuisculpta Dautzenberg & Fischer, 1906 is living in the central Indian Ocean, specimens on both shores cannot

belong in the same subspecies if it is different from the one in mid-ocean. MNHN samples from off Reunion Island,

central Indian Ocean, taken during cruise MD32 REUNION (1982), include five samples containing 8 specimens of

Bursa ranelloides (Fig. 49 g), ranging from small juveniles to 39.1 mm in height, collected in 80 to 340 m.

Another specimen in MNHN, taken by Cruise BENTHEDI in 1977, is from off Mayotte, in the Comores Islands

(Fig. 49 f; sta. 49, 300-450 m. 12°54'6" S, 44°56'8" E, West of Passe Boueni). These specimens are all the

elongate, finely gemmate B. ranelloides tenuisculpta form, and most retain their finely reticulate, silky-looking

intritacalx. Parth (1991c) identified the Somalian specimens as B. awatii , and the many Somalian specimens

illustrated by Cossignani (1994: 64-67) confirm this identification.

Enough has now come to light on the variation of B. ranelloides to suggest that differences between the

"subspecies" B. r. ranelloides and B. r. tenuisculpta are trivial, in any case. Finlay (1978: 148) has recognised B.

ranelloides among the western Atlantic population (i.e., this population varies between the B. r. ranelloides and B.

r. tenuisculpta extremes) and PENNA-NEME & LEME (1978) named as Bursa benvegnuae a Brazilian intermediate

form with moderate-sized, rectangular, weakly bifid peripheral nodules, illustrated beautifully, in colour, as Bursa

ranelloides benvegnuae , by COLTRO (1995: 52, fig. 4), and as B. ranelloides form benvegnuae by COSSIGNANI

(1994: 87). NORDSIECK (1975: 4, pi. 3, fig. 16) proposed the further synonym B. canarica for intermediate

specimens from the Canary Islands. Specimens from more offshore localities in the type population of B.

ranelloides, in southern Japan, also vary through to forms sculptured almost as weakly as B. r. tenuisculpta. and

part of the variation is due to the usual ranellid and bursid tendency to be more finely sculptured in deeper-water

habitats. Certainly all these forms are very similar, and recognition of a separate Atlantic-South African subspecies

of B. ranelloides serves little purpose. In this light, the distinctive, short and wide Western Australian form is

probably a separate species. B. humilis Beu, 1981 (see also Wilson 1993: 227, pi. 43, figs 10 a-b. and

Cossignani, 1994: 79. repeating Wilson's figure).

Bursa lucaensis Parth. 1991

Figs 47 b. 48 f-j. 58 i

Bursa lucaensis Parth. 1991a: 20, 2 figs.

Bursa sp. - SPRINGSTEEN, 1981: 3. fig. on front cover.

Bursa lucaensis - Cossignani, 1994: 52.

TYPE DATA. — Holotype "to be presented to a museum" (PARTH, 1991a), from Cebu, Philippine Islands.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW67.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 392, 836 (Fig. 58 i). — "Vauban". south

of Pointe Sud du Grand Recif. 200 m, 5 Nov. 1976 (Figs 48 h. j).

New Caledonian specimens were taken in 57 to 200 m; the

specimen collected alive is from 57 m.

162

ALAN G. BEU

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

DW1021. I7°43' S, 168°37’ E. 124-130 m(l).

Philippine Islands. Puma Engano. Mactan I., Cebu (4 NZGS

WMI5024. pres. FJ. Springsteen; Figs 47 b. 48 f). — Off Cebu,

"deep water", pres. Fely Leobrera. Carfel Shell Museum (2 nzgs

WM14525; including original specimen figured in colour by

Springsteen. 1981; Figs 58 g, i). — Punta Engano. Mactan I.. Cebu

(1 nzgs WM 14121). — Bohol Straits, native fishermen. Sept. 1985.

pres. F.J. Springsteen (1 nzgs WM 14457).

Distribution. — Although Bursa lucaensis is recorded only from the Philippine Islands, Vanuatu and

New Caledonia at present, it seems likely to occur throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes between these

extremes.

Dimensions. — Coral Sea, Chesterfield Plateau, corail 2: sta. DW67: H 20.2, D 14.5. - New Caledonia,

LAGON: sta. 836: H 17.6, D 12.2. - "Vauban", Grand Recif Sud, 200 m: H 13.4. D 9.7.

Remarks. — Bursa lucaensis is not as rare as the recentness of its description might suggest (8 specimens

from the Philippine Islands, one from Vanuatu, one from the Coral Sea and 6 from New Caledonia are before me);

my own reluctance to name it earlier resulted from uncertainty of the range of variation and protoconch characters of

the similar, highly variable B. rhodostoma (see below) and, consequently, whether this apparently distinct species

was really just part of the variation of B. rhodostoma. Specimens of B. rhodostoma with a clean protoconch have

now been seen, and I can confirm that, as stated by Parth (1991a: 21), the protoconch of B. rhodostoma is

markedly taller and narrower than the wide and relatively low one of B. lucaensis. The most distinctive character of

B. lucaensis is its small size: mature, solid shells range in height from 13.4 mm to 22.3 mm (holotype); one

specimen referred here with some hesitation is 37.3 mm high. Presumably because of their offshore habitat, all

shells of B. lucaensis are clean and not encrusted, whereas almost all specimens of the shallow-water to intertidal B.

rhodostoma are heavily encrusted with calcareous algae. The surface of specimens of B. lucaensis bears a cream,

chalky, finely reticulate intritacalx. The four main, low spiral cords each bear 3 or 4 low, rounded nodules in each

intervariceal interval, and a similar low nodule on each varix, with two or three narrow, well raised spiral threads in

each interspace; the peripheral row of nodules is subdivided around its crest by a shallow groove in all specimens I

have seen. The aperture is equally distinctive, having five pairs of narrow, short transverse ridges inside the outer

lip and unique long, deeply entering, weakly anastomosing, transverse ridges on the inner lip; the aperture is cream

to pale pink, with a large, markedly darker (dark pink to deep brownish maroon) parietal colour area. The outer lip

bears a thin, upstanding, widely flared flange in front of the terminal varix, and the left margin of the inner lip is

raised and free of the previous whorl for most of its height on all specimens. The exterior varies from cream and

pale yellowish pink to a dull maroon (New Caledonia, LAGON sta. 836); on the darker specimens the varices, the

outer edge of the parietal colour area, and the peripheral nodules are a dull yellow, whereas in most paler specimens

the spiral cords and anterior fasciole are flecked with red-brown and a narrow red-brown line runs around the groove

on the peripheral nodules.

There is some doubt whether the specific name lucaensis conforms to the requirements of ICZN Article

31(a). Indeed, it is formed exactly in the way recommended in ICZN Recommendation D iv (ICZN, 1958: 197) for

names formed from geographical names, i.e. it conveys the meaning "from (the place called) luca". However, as

lucaensis is an adjective, it appears admissible under Article 31(a), even though Parth (1991a) expressly stated

that he was dedicating the new species "to my son Luca".

Bursa quirihorai Beu, 1987

Figs 47 e, 52 a-g, 58 b

Bursa (Colubrellina) quirihorai Beu, 1987: 321, figs 182-192.

Bursa (Colubrellina) quirihorai - Cossignani, 1994: 85.

Type data. — Holotype USNM 849004 and 12 paratypes: 6 nzgs WM 14093 (Figs 52 e-f), 3 Abbey

Specimen Shells, 1 Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, SBNHM 33909, tangle nets in 275-460 m, off

Balicasag Island, a few km south of Panglao Peninsula, Bohol, Philippines, 1 paratype NZGS WM 14442, off Punta

Engano, Mactan I., Cebu, 1 paratype mnhn, "Vauban" 1978-79: sta. 7, off New Caledonia, 22° 19' S, 167° 11' E,

300-315 m (Fig. 52 d).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

163

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5:

sta. 299.

New Caledonia, lagon: sia. 490. bathus 1: sta. CP669. DE694.

North of New Caledonia. SMIB 6: sta. DW119, DWI20. DWI21.

DW123. BATHUS 4: sta. DW924, DW925. DW926. CP939.

Norfolk Ridge, biocal: sta. DW64. DW65. — musorstom 4: sta.

DW227. — chalcal 2: sta. DW69, DW71. DW79. DW82. — SMIB

I: sta. DW2. — smib 2: sta. DW8. DW15. — smib 3: sta. DW8.

DW10, DW14. DWI7. DW18 (Fig. 47 e), DW20. — smib 4: sta.

DW40. DW41. DW43. DW48. DW49. DW50, DW53. DW56. -

smib 5: sta. DW70. DW71, DW72. DW73, DW74. DW75. DW76.

DW78. DW80, DW85. DW87, DW88. DW89, DW90. DW9I.

DW92. DW93. DW94. DW98. DWI03. — smib 8: sta. DWI54.

DW159. DWI60. DWI62 (Fig. 58 b), DW163, DW165. DW170-

172 (Figs 52 b-c, g), DW177, DWI82. DWI83. DW184. DWI95.

— smib 10: sta. DW208. DW209. — beryxII: sta. DWI8. CP25.

DW40. CP45. — bathus 3: sta. CP805. CP806. DW830.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW397, DW398. DW399,

DW4I8, DW444, DW472. DW473. DW479.

New Hebrides Arc. volsmar: sta. DW7. DW17 (Fig. 52 a).

These 87 samples were taken in 230-660 m; specimens were

collected alive throughout this depth range.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CP1018, 17°53' S. 168°25’ E, 300-301 m (1, large with narrow

nodules as in New Caledonian specimens).

DISTRIBUTION. — B. quirihorai is recorded only from the Philippine Islands and New Caledonia, with the

exception of a single specimen from off the Kai Islands in eastern Indonesia and a single specimen from Vanuatu. It

likely occurs throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes between these extremes.

Dimensions. — New Caledonia: smib 1: sta. DW2: H 56.8, D 36.5. - smib 4: sta. DW56: H 50.1, D

30.6; H 46.7, D 28.8. - VOLSMAR: sta. DW17: H 57.7, D 36.3.

REMARKS. — At the time of description of Bursa quirihorai , I knew of a single New Caledonian specimen

(BEU, 1987: 324, figs 189, 192) whereas the remaining type material is from the Philippine Islands. Subsequent

MNHN-ORSTOM collections from New Caledonia have brought to light a further 86 samples of B. quirihorai (and

one specimen from Vanuatu), all totally consistent in differing from Philippines specimens in their much longer,

sharper and more antero-posteriorly compressed peripheral nodules, their narrower and more prominent spiral cords,

their markedly coarser interstitial gemmate sculpture, their much more deeply digitate outer margin of the outer lip,

and their more sharply twisted and more strongly angled fasciolar bulge at the base of the anterior siphonal canal.

However, the two populations share all other significant characters, such as overall size and appearance, the low-

turbiniform protoconch of 2.75 whorls with fine reticulate sculpture on the first whorl of protoconch II. the varices

of succeeding whorls not being aligned (separated by 20°-30°), the thin, flange-like columellar base, the widely

flared apertural lips, and the pale, fawn to tan teleoconch exterior coloration with bright red-brown splashes on the

spiral cords and an axially aligned, diffuse red-brown zone after each varix. However, the red-brown splashes or

streaks on the cords, between nodules, are much narrower on New Caledonian than on Philippines specimens. A

single specimen seen from Indonesia (MNHN, from N.O. "Baruna Jaya 7"cruise KARUBAR, off the Kai Islands, sta.

DW18, 05° 18’ S, 133°0r E, 205-212 m, coll. Bouchet, Kastoro & Metivier, 24 Oct. 1991) has rounded nodules

like those of Philippines specimens.

Therefore, the New Caledonian-Vanuatu population may be a taxon distinct from the Philippines to

Indonesian one. However, in the present knowledge of only a single specimen from the huge region between these

populations, it is impossible to say whether these are in fact distinct subspecies (or even species) or (as seems

more likely at present) the end-members of a cline. The status of the New Caledonian-Vanuatu specimens will

remain unclear until intensive deep-water sampling has been carried out throughout the western Pacific.

Bursa rhodostoma (Beck in G.B. Sowerby II, 1835)

Figs 47 g, 52 h, k, 58 e

Ranella rhodostoma Beck in G.B. Sowerby II, 1835: pi. 88, fig. 10.

Ranella paulucciana Tapparone-Canefri, 1876: 244.

Ranella rhodostoma var. xantostoma Tapparone-Canefri, 1878: 249.

Ranella bergeri G.B. Sowerby II in Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 50, pi. 2, figs 1-2.

Ranella rhodostoma - G.B. Sowerby II. 184 1 : 52. — Deshayes, 1843: 552. — Reeve. 1844b: pi. 7, fig. 32. — Kuster & Kobelt. 1871: 155,

pi. 34 a, fig. 11. — Kobelt, 1876b: 330. — Schmeltz, 1877: 81.

Bursa (Lampas) rhodostoma - Schepman, 1909: 118.

Lampadopsis rhodostoma - Habe, 1961: 47. pi. 24, fig. 1. — Oyama & Takemura. 1963: Uimpadopsis figs 1 -2. — Habe, 1964: 75. pi. 24. fig.

I. — Okutani, 1986: 116-117, top centre fig.

Bursa rhodostoma - Salvat & Rives, 1975: 307, fig. 181. —Hinton. 1978: 32, figs 5-5a. — Kay. 1979: 229, figs 80 C-D. - Short & Potter,

1987: 44, pi. 21, fig. 8. — Drivas& Jay, 1988: 60, pi. 15, fig. 9. — Lai, 1989: 21, fig. 4. — Wilson. 1993: 227, pi. 43, fig. 5.

Bursa (Bursa) rhodostoma rhodostoma - BEU, 1985: 63. — Cossignani, 1994: 56.

Bursa (Bursa) rhodostoma - Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 124. pi. 34, fig. 9.

164

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 52. — Bursa species. — a-g, Bursa quirihorai Beu. a. volsmar: sta. DW17, New Caledonia, 260-300 m, x 1.25. b -

C. g, SMIB 8: sta. DW170-172, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 233-290 m, xl.5. d. "Vauban": sta. 7. southern

New Caledonia. 300-315 m. xl.5. e-f, paratype, NZGS WM14093, off Balicasag I. t Philippines. 300-500 m. xl

(example of typical Philippines form). — h. k. Bursa rhodostoma (Beck in G.B. Sowerby II). h, unusually clean

shell, protoconch in Fig. 47 g, x2. k. MNHN, specimen identified as "Ranella bergeri" by Jousseaume; "Japan”.

x2. — i-j. Bursa rosa (Perry), unusually clean specimen, expedition montrouzier: sta. 1252. 1-4 m, Baie de

Touho, New Caledonia, xl.5. — 1. Bursa venustula (Reeve), bmnh 1966541/1. Reeve's figured syntype, one of 3

syntypes, xl.25 (limited to eastern Polynesia).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

165

Ranella (Lampas) cruentata var. rhodostoma - Tryon. 1880: 40. pi. 21. fig. 25.

Ranella paulucciana - Tapparone-Canefri. 1881: 51. pi. 2. figs 16-17.

Ranella venustula - Angas, 1877: 180.

Bursa venustula - Drivas& Jay, 1988: 60. pi. 15. fig. 10.

Bursa mammata - Hedley, 1915: 28. — '.'Oliver. 1915: 528. — Iredale, 1931: 212. — Iredale & McMichael. 1962: 55.

Bursa bergeri - Drivas& Jay. 1988: 60. pi. 15. fig. 8.

Type DATA. — Ranella rhodostoma : 3 syntypes BMNH 1966542/1-3; from "Isl. Masbate, of the

Philippines", ex Cuming Colin. Of these three, BMNH 1966542/1 appears likely to be G.B. Sowerby II’s figured

syntype, but either its colour has faded or he overemphasised the red spots on the exterior. This, the smallest of the

three (H 22.0) is here designated the lectotype of Ranella rhodostoma. The larger paralectotype. BMNH 1966542/3,

H 28.7, is the specimen illustrated by Reeve (1844b), but again the colour is overemphasised in Reeve's

illustration as the specimen has a dull, brownish flesh-pink aperture. The second paralectotype (H 28.3) has a dark

red aperture. — I have not seen type material of Ranella bergeri. Ranella paulucciana or Ranella rhodostoma var.

xantostoma. COSSIGNANI (1994: 57) reported that 15 specimens (presumably syntypes) of Bursa bergeri are present

in Tapparone-Canefri's Colin in Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", in Genoa, and the type

material of Tapparone-Canefri's other two nominal taxa are presumably in this same museum.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal I: sta.

D12. — corail 2: sta. DW28.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 52, 67, 79, 84. 99, 545, 546, 580, 645,

1006. 1017. 1182. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1245 (Fig. 58 e),

1259, 1285, 1300, 1308, 1310. 1312. 1315, 1318. 1319. 1323, 1331.

— lagon deNoumea: sta. 1352. In addition, M J.C. Martin (Reunion)

has sent me a photograph of a specimen of B. rhodostoma (with

dark red aperture) he collected alive inside a dead Trachycardium

shell among algae in 3-4 m at Kuendu Beach, near Noumea, in Jan.

1994.

North of New Caledonia. LAGON: sta. 472.

Norfolk Ridge, chalcal 2: sta. CPIS.

These 30 samples were collected from the intertidal zone to 274 m.

but living specimens were collected in only 0 to 80 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Bursa rhodostoma is distributed throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, from

Madagascar and East Africa (possibly to eastern South Africa, although 1 know of no records), to the northern

Indian Ocean and throughout the Red Sea (Eilat, 3 NZGS WM13332), in the western Pacific from southern Honshu.

Japan (Izu Peninsula, Habe, 1964: 76; Tanabe, Wakayama Pref.: NZGS WM 13943) southwards to Sydney Harbour,

New South Wales, Australia (AMS C36472, collected alive. Bottle and Glass Rocks, Vaucluse, Port Jackson,

"found by Mr Thomas Rossiter", the original specimen recorded by Angas (1877: 180) as B. venustula. and by

Hedley (1915: 28), Iredale (1931: 213) and Iredale & McMichael (1962: 55) as B. mammata ; Bradley's

Head, Sydney Harbour, coll. Lee Woolacott, Jan. 1943, 1 abraded beach shell AMS C81607), and possibly to the

Kermadec Islands (material recorded by Oliver (1915: 528) as Bursa mammata). and eastwards throughout

Melanesia and Polynesia to Hawaii (Kay, 1979). The subspecies (or synonym) B. rhodostoma rliomae (d'Orbigny,

1842) ranges from South Carolina to Brazil in the Western Atlantic (Abbott, 1974: 166). and in the Eastern

Atlantic is recorded from Madeira, the Canary Islands and the Cape Verde Islands (NORDSIECK & GARCIA-

Talavera, 1979: 126).

DIMENSIONS. — Ranella rhodostoma (lectotype): H 22.0. D 16.1; paralectotypes: H 28.7. D 20.8

(Reeve's (1844b) figured specimen); H 28.3, D 19.6. - Ranella paulucciana: H 30. D 23 (TAPPARONE-CANEFRI,

1876: 244). - New Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 79: H 25.4, D 17.8; sta. 99: H 33.0; D 24.2 (unusually large, and

much the largest of New Caledonian specimens).

REMARKS. — Bursa rhodostoma is interpreted here as an extremely variable species of small size, with a

variable spire height and. in low-spired specimens (much more common than tall-spired ones) a rounded, almost

subspherical shape; with three predominant spiral cords each of which bears on its crest a median groove, which is

deep and relatively wide on the peripheral cord of many specimens; with a protoconch of similar size to that of B.

lucaensis but significantly taller and narrower; and with a uniformly coloured, pale cream to deep purple aperture

bearing a row of paler nodules on each lip. The most variable character is the aperture colour; whereas most

specimens have a pale mauve to bright, pale red aperture, in some specimens it is violet or dark maroon to deep

purple, and in others it varies through pink and yellow' to almost white. The relatively few unencrusted specimens

(most are heavily encrusted with calcareous algae) also have a variable exterior coloration; on most specimens it is

pale yellow or grey to pale golden tan. with scattered darker flecks and, in particular, a row of dark brown flecks

around the groove on each row of nodules, but the colour can be a little darker overall, or almost white, and the

flecks can be missing over much or only part of the surface. Tapparone-Canefri (1881: pi. 2, figs 1-2)

illustrated as Ranella bergeri "Sow'erby" (a name never published by any of the Sowerby family) a rather tall-spired

specimen with narrow, wddely spaced spiral cords that had not finished secreting the current aperture, which

166

ALAN G. BEU

therefore is white, thin, with narrow lips and a digitate outer edge of the outer lip. This form (which occurs

throughout the Indo-West Pacific, and in the Atlantic population) has persistently been known as Bursa bergeri

from Mauritius and Reunion, and was recently illustrated excellently in colour by Drivas & Jay (1988: pi. 15,

fig. 8) but intergrades completely with B. rhodostoma. A specimen in Jousseaume's collection in MHNH, identified

as "Ranella bergeri Sowerby", from "Japon", is illustrated for comparison (Fig. 52 k). TAPPARONE-CANEFRi’s

(1876) Ranellapaulucciana was later illustrated by Tapparone-Canefri (1881: pi. 2, tigs 16-17) and is based on

the most common form of B. rhodostoma with a deep, rich, maroon aperture and a heavier overall appearance than

the bergeri form. Drivas & Jay (1988: pi. 15, fig. 10) illustrated as yet another species, Bursa venustula "Reeve",

an immature specimen with a pale red aperture; this has nothing to do with Reeve's Ranella venustula , which is a

very distinctive species occurring only in eastern Polynesia (illustrated by SPRINGSTEEN & LEOBRERA, 1986: 1 24,

and by COSSIGNANI, 1994: 62; see also Fig. 52 1).

Claude Berthault (ORSTOM, Noumea) recently sent me colour photographs of a specimen of Bursa

rhodostoma collected at between 7 and 9 m in a sea-grass bed in New Caledonia. The head-foot of this specimen is

brightly and heavily maculated white and deep crimson red, with a particularly large, uniform red area on the

dorsum in front of the operculum, and the mantle is translucent white with a row of alternating bright red and

opaque white spots around the margin.

Considerable debate over many years has centred on the relationship to Bursa rhodostonui of the very

similar Atlantic form Bursa thomae. In earlier days intemperate statements such as Watson's (1881: 400) that

"any one capable of recognising differences will not fail to see when once his attention has been directed to the

subject" were lavished on the question, whereas in more recent times even such "splitters" as NORDSIECK (in

NORDSIECK & Garcia-Talavera, 1979: 126, pi. 28, fig. 2) have identified Atlantic specimens as B.

rhodostoma. I have now had the opportunity to compare many clean specimens from Indo-West Pacific, western

Atlantic and eastern Atlantic localities, and failed to discover any morphological differences. However, there does

seem to be a consistent difference in aperture colour: all Atlantic shells I have seen have a white to pale mauve

aperture: the only evidence I know of that darker aperture colours occur in the Atlantic population is Nordsieck's

painting (in NORDSIECK & Garcia-Talavera, 1979: pi. 28, fig. 2) showing a specimen with a rather dark red

aperture. This suggests that the Atlantic form is at best a weakly differentiated geographic subspecies, B.

rhodostoma thomae .

Bursa rosa (Perry, 1811)

Figs 52 i-j

Biplex rosa Perry, 1811: pi. 4, fig. 1.

Ranella siphonata Reeve, 1844b: pi. 7, fig. 38 (excluding variety b).

Bursa rosa - Wilson & Gillett. 1971: 80. pi. 54. figs 4-4 a. — Hinton, 1972: 12, pi. 6, fig. 26; 1978: 32. fig. 4. — Kay, 1979: 229. Figs 80 E-

F. — Beu, 1985: 63. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 123, pi. 34. fig. 5. — Short& Potter. 1987: 44, pi. 21. fig. 7. — Drivas &

Jay. 1988: 60. pi. 15. fig. 6. — Lai. 1987: 19. Figs 3-4. — Wilson. 1993: 227, pi. 43. Figs 6 a-b. — Cossignani, 1994: 58-59.

Bursa rosea (sic) - Okutani, 1986: 116; 117. lop right Fig.

Ranella siphonata - Reeve, 1844d: 138. — Kobfxt. 1876b: 328.

Bursa siphonata - Edmondson. 1946: 143. Fig. 61 j.

not Bursa siphonata - Oliver, 1915: 528 (= Tutufa bufo).

not Argobuccinum siphonatum - Iredale, 1910: 73 [= Tutufa bufo).

Ranella (I^anipas) bufonia var. venustula - Tryon, 1880: 39, pi. 19, Fig. 11.

Bursa mammata - Habe. 1961: 47. pi. 24. Fig. 2. — Oyama & Takemura. 1963: Bursa Fig. 1-3. — Habe, 1964: 76. pi. 24, Fig. 2. — Salvat et

at. 1988: 103, pi. 13. Fig. 13.

Bursa bufonia dunkeri - Ladd, 1982: 41, pi. 8, Figs 6-7 (only; not pi. 33, Figs 15-16 1= Bufonaria nobilis]).

Type DATA. — Ranella siphonata : 3 syntypes of typical variety, BMNH 1967658; all three are typical B.

rosa of authors; from Philippine Islands, ex Cuming Colin. The largest of these three syntypes (H 49.7) is the

specimen illustrated by REEVE (1844b: pi. 7, fig. 38) and is here designated both the lectotype of Ranella

siphonata and the neotype of Biplex rosa. PERRY (1811: caption to pi.4) stated that the locality for Biplex rosa is

New Caledonia, but this is superseded by the present neotype designation. — Ranella siphonata var. b: 2 (of an

original three?) specimens, H 45.3. D 30.9; H 41.6, D 28.4, BMNH 1967659; from Philippine Islands, ex Cuming

Colin; these are specimens of the leo (Shikama, 1964) form of Bursa tuberosissima , as is shown by their white

aperture with sparse plicae on the inner lip, and their grey-brown spiral cords on a paler background.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

167

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: sta.

D2. — corail 2: sta. DWI, DW10, DWI8. DW48. — W. Hot

Reynart. dived 6 m.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 49. 82. 83. 172. 342. 391.942. 954. 985,

1159. In addition. Claude Berthault (orstom, Noumea) sent colour

photographs of two living specimens collected at 9 m on the Grand

Recif, Noumea, on 3 July 1996. The head-foot exterior of living

specimens is irregularly streaked and spotted with pale to medium

pink on a cream ground, with a few dark red maculations. —

expedition montrouzier: sta. 1241, 1242, 1245, 1252 (Figs 52 i-j).

1287.1301. 1304.1308, 1310, 1318. 1319, 1330.

North of New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 443, 445.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW430. DW432.

These 32 samples were collected from the intertidal zone to 69 m.

except for the Coral Sea specimens (80-120 m).

Distribution. — Bursa rosa occurs throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, from South Africa to

Hawaii, including the Red Sea, and from the southern Great Barrier Reef, eastern Australia, north to Kii Peninsula,

Honshu, in southern Japan (Habe, 1964: 76).

Dimensions. — Biplex rosa (neotype), and Ranella siphonata (lectotype): H 49.7, D 36.5; paralectotypes:

H 47.6, D 35.5; H 42.5, F 31.9. - New Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 82: H 40.1, D 30.2 (largest New Caledonian

specimen); sta. 954: H 40.0, D 29.1.

Remarks. — Bursa rosa is one of the most common of the short-spired, very heavy-shelled, coarsely

nodulous "typical" Bursa species in the Indo-West Pacific, and is easily recognised by its long, spine-like,

semitubular posterior canals and its purplish rose apertural colour, particularly developed on the inner part of the

inner lip of most specimens, from a height of only about 10 mm up to the maximum adult size of about 58 mm.

The species has been known as B. mammata (Roding, 1798) in many earlier works (by no means all listed in the

synonymy) but BEU (1987: 316) selected the specimen figured by Favanne & Favanne (1780: pi. 32, fig. Bl)

as the lectotype of B. mammata , making this a synonym of B. bufonia.

Genus Bvfonaria Schumacher, 1817

Bufonaria Schumacher, 1817: 251. Type species (SD by Herrmannsen, 1846: 135): Bufonaria spinosa

Schumacher, 1817 [= Gyrineum echinatum Link, 1807], Miocene to Recent, central-northern Indo-West

Pacific and Red Sea.

Chasmotheca Dali, 1904: 118. Type species (OD): Ranella foliata Broderip. 1825, Recent, Indian Ocean.

Bursina Oyama, 1964: 333. Type species (OD): Ranella nobilis Reeve, 1844, Pleistocene and Recent, Indo-West

Pacific.

REMARKS. — Bufonaria differs from Bursa by its more dorsoventrally compressed shape, its evenly

granulous teleoconch sculpture (between rows of small to large nodules - three nodule rows on almost all species),

and its fan-shaped to oval operculum with its nucleus near the centre of the columellar margin, similar to the

operculum of phaliine cassids. Species of the nominate subgenus are confined the Indo-West Pacific, whereas the

single species, B. marginata (Gmelin, 1791), of subgenus Bufonaria (Aspa) H. & A. Adams, 1853 is limited to the

Mediterranean Sea and West Africa. I formerly (BEU, 1981) treated Marsupina Dali, 1904 (type species: Murex bufo

Bruguiere, 1792, Western Atlantic) as another subgenus of Bufonaria, but the anterior opercular nucleus indicates

that this is better treated as a distinct genus.

Bufonaria ignobilis Beu, 1987

Fig. 53 g

Bufonaria (Bufonaria) ignobilis Beu, 1987: 344, figs 221, 257-263.

Bufonaria (Bufonaria) ignobilis - Cossignani, 1994: 27.

Bufonaria nobilis - Beu, 1977: Fig. 5.

Bursa (Colubrellina) nobilis - Ladd, 1977: 35. pi. 12. figs 1-3.

Type data. — Holotype usnm 849010 and 4 paratypes NZGS WM14037, off Punta Engano, Mactan I.,

Cebu, Philippines. 5 paratypes NZGS WM13075. Bohol. Philippines, 1 paratype NZGS WM13890, Balicasag I., off

Bohol; 1 paratype NZGS WM 14141, Balut I.. Philippines; 3 paratypes NZGS WM13198, Samar. Philippines; 2

paratypes NZGS WM13130, Visayan Sea. Philippines; 3 paratypes NZGS WM14135, Panglao Peninsula, Bohol; 1

Fig. 53. — Bufonaria species. — a. c. Bufonaria nobilis (Reeve), New Caledonia, both x I. a, off Hienghene, NE coast,

100 m, 1978. c, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW399, Loyalty Ridge. 282 m. — b. d-e. Bufonaria thersites (Redfield),

NZGS WM13523, Vanua Levu, Fiji. xl. — f, h. Bufonaria perelegans Bcu, LAGON: sta. 833, Secteur de Poindimie,

New Caledonia, 52-70 m, xl (largest New Caledonian specimen). — g. Bufonaria ignobilis Beu, MUSORSTOM 6:

sta. DW46I. Loyalty Ridge. New Caledonia. 240 m, x 1.25.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANEL.LIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

169

paratype NZGS WM13174, near Lombok, Indonesia; 1 paratype wam 616-74, Mariel King Memorial Expedition

sta. AH1/5, Haruku I., Ambon, Indonesia; 1 paratype MNHN, off Madagascar, 15°2L0’ S. 46°12.5’ E. 150 m; 1

paratype MNHN, off Madagascar, 15°24.5' S, 46°02.0' E, 250-265 m.

New Caledonia records. — Loyally Ridge, musorstom 6: Local depth range 240-390 m.

sta. DW391. DW392. DW42I. DW461 (Fig. 53 g).

Distribution. — In the western Pacific, Bufonaria ignobilis occurs from Taiwan to New Caledonia (so far

taken only at the Loyalty Islands); I am not aware of either it or B. nobilis occurring in Australia. In the Indian

Ocean, I have still seen material only from Madagascar, and one specimen from lobster traps in 150-175 m.

between Cabo das Correntes and Zavora Pt., Mozambique, East Africa, presented by Sr C. Fernandes (NZGS

WM15172).

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 49.7, D 32.5; largest paratype: H 57.1, D 37.6. - New Caledonia, Loyalty

Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW391: H 41.4. D 30.5; sta. DW461: H 44.1, D 32.0.

REMARKS. — Both Bufonaria ignobilis and B. nobilis (see below) are present in very small numbers in the

MNHN collections reported here and, curiously, all four specimens of B. ignobilis are from off the Loyalty Islands,

whereas two of the three B. nobilis are from off the main island of New Caledonia, and only one is from the

Loyalty Islands. This near-complete exclusion is presumably a sampling artifact. B. ignobilis is similar to B.

nobilis in its strongly compressed shape, its tall spire, its two moderately prominent peripheral rows of nodules

that form two narrowly pointed nodules on each varix, its thin, widely expanded, strictly aligned varices, and its

flared and strongly ridged apertural lips. B. ignobilis is much smaller than B. nobilis (few specimens exceed 60 mm

in height, whereas B. nobilis attains at least 100 mm). Other consistent differences are the paler colour (white to

cream, with weak fawn marbling, compared with fawn marbled with red-brown, through to intensely marbled dark

brown in B. nobilis ), the finer and more widely spaced sculptural gemmae, and the more narrowly flared lips in B.

ignobilis than in B. nobilis. Both have proved to be widespread, throughout the western Pacific and to Madagascar

and Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, since B. ignobilis was named, and they occur together as Pleistocene fossils in

the amazing deep-water fauna of the Kere River, southern Espiritu Santo I.. Vanuatu (Ladd. 1977: pi. 12. figs 1-

3; 1982: pi. 33, figs 15-16; and examined in USNM).

Bufonaria nobilis (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 53 a, c

Ranella nobilis Reeve, 1844b: pi. 4, fig. 16.

Ran el la nobilis - Reeve, I844d: 137. — Kobelt, 1876b: 332.

Bursa (Bursa) nobilis - Altena, 1942: 111 (in pan other spp.?).

"Gyrineum" nobile - Oyama & Takemura. I960: Gyrineum figs 1-2.

Bursa ( Gyrineum) nobile - Shikama. 1963: pi. 49. fig. 8.

Bursina nobilis - Oyama, 1964: 330, 332.

Gyrineum nobilis - Habe& Kosuge. 1966a: 46. pi. 16. fig. 7.

Bufonaria ( Bufonaria) nobilis - Beu, 1985: 65. — Cossignani. 1994: 29-30.

Bufonaria nobilis - Lai. 1987: 25, figs 1-2.

not Bufonaria nobilis - Beu, 1977: fig. 5 [= B. ignobilis],

Bursa nobilis - Drivas & Jay. 1988: 62, pi. 16. fig. 5.

not Bursa nobilis - Cernohorsky. 1967a: 314. pi. 42. fig. 5: 1967b: 46. pi. 2. fig. 6. — Hinton. 1978: 32. fig. I 1= B. thersites].

not Bursa (Colubrellina) nobilis - Ladd. 1977: 35, pi. 12, figs 1-3 (= B. ignobilis],

Bursa bufonia dunkeri - Ladd. 1982: 41. pi. 33, figs 15-16 (only: not pi. 8. figs 6-7 [= Bursa rosa]).

Type data. — Holotype bmnh 1967655, an unlocalised specimen ex Cuming Colin. The type locality is

here designated as Taiwan.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia. Off Norfolk Ridge, biocal: sta. CP84.

Hienghene, NE coast of New Caledonia, 100 m, traps (Beu. 1987: Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW399 (Fig. 53 c).

fig. 253 and Fig. 53 a).

DISTRIBUTION. — Bufonaria nobilis is uncommon throughout the western Pacific from Taiwan to New Caledonia;

I am not aware of records from further east, or from Australia. In the Indian Ocean, I know of specimens

170

ALAN G. BEU

from Reunion and/or Mauritius (DRIVAS & Jay, 1988: pi. 16, fig. 5; and material in MNHN) and from

Mozambique (NZGS WM15177, pres. SrC.P. Fernandes).

DIMENSIONS. — Holotype: H 83.4, D 53.9. - Taiwan, NZGS WM15560, ca Penniket Colin: H 99.3, D

59.8. - Off Hienghene, New Caledonia: H 86.7, D 55.5. - Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW399: H 72.0. D

46.9.

REMARKS. — Differences between Bufonaria nobilis and B. ignobilis are pointed out above.

Bufonaria perelegans Beu, 1987

Figs 53 f, h, 54

Bufonaria perelegans Beu, 1987: 328, figs 211-217.

Gyrineum elegans - Oyama & Takemura. 1960: Gyrineum figs 11-12. — Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 46, pi. 16, fig. 6.

Bursa (Gyrineum) elegans - Shikama. 1964: pi. 62, fig. 9.

Bufonaria sp. - Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 123, pi. 34, figs I a-b.

Bufonaria perelegans - COSSIGNANI, 1994: 31-32.

Bursa rana - Salvat etai, 1988: 103, pi. 13. fig. 15.

Bufonaria albivaricosa - Lai. 1987: 24, figs 1-3.

Type DATA. — Holotype USNM 849005, trawled off southwestern Taiwan; 5 paratypes from Taiwan, 1

from Thailand, and 14 from the Philippine Islands, all in NZGS, listed by BEU (1987: 333).

Fig. 54. — Distribution of Bufonaria perelegans Beu in the New Caledonian region.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

171

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta.

691.758. 775. 783. 786. 790. 805. 813. 826. 827. 832. 833 (Figs 53 f,

h). 849. 869. — expedition montrouzier: sia. 1268.

These 15 samples were collected in 9-70 m. but living specimens

were taken only at lagon: sta. 827 and 833. in 52-70 m.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CPI 117, 15°10' S. 166°53' E. 170-220 m (I, lv?). — Sta. CPI122,

I5°08'S. I66°56'E. 168-234 m(l, lv?). Clearly, these two Vanuatu

specimens were collected in considerably deeper water than the

New Caledonian ones.

Fiji, Pliocene fossils. New road off Prince's Road, behind Dilkusha,

Nausori. Fiji: Nakasi Sandstone. Late Pliocene, coll. K.J. Gilchrist.

1988 (2 mod. large, AMS C302624. closely resembling New

Caledonian Recent specimens, and 2 small). — All data as last (3

small. amsC302625).

DISTRIBUTION. — I am aware of Recent specimens of Bufonaria perelegans only from the northwestern

Pacific (Taiwan, Philippines, Thailand) and the present specimens from the mid-northern coast of New Caledonia

and from Vanuatu. The specimens from Vanuatu are from significantly deeper water than the New Caledonian ones,

so it is possible that B. perelegans occurs uncommonly throughout the western Pacific archipelagoes in depths

greater than 150 m. The specimens from the Pliocene of Fiji suggest that this species formerly was more

widespread than it is now, so that the apparantly disjunct range is possibly a remnant of a wider range.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 104.5, D 68.4. - New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 833, largest: H 80.6, D 54.2;

second largest: H 69.8. D 46.2; sta. 869: H 65.6, D 44.6.

Remarks. — Typical Bufonaria perelegans from the Philippine Islands and Taiwan is a very large shell

(reaching at least 110 mm in height) with an elongate-oval, inflated shape, a finely and evenly gemmate surface,

and two rows of small, sharp nodules and a third, peribasal, elevated cord around the last whorl, forming three

narrow, sharp spines where these three cords cross the varices. The anal siphonal canal protrudes laterally as a

further narrow, semitubular spine similar in size and shape to the three lower ones. The colour is an overall golden

fawn on most specimens, varying to a pale red-brown that highlights the main spiral cords slightly on many

specimens. It is thus similar to both B. echinata , which differs in its more compressed shape, more finely

sculptured surface, and much longer variceal and anal spines, and B. elegans , a species limited to the Andaman

Islands and western Indonesia, differing in its markedly smaller size, smoother surface, and very bright red-brown

spiral cords (Beu, 1987, figs 207-210; COSSIGNANI, 1994: 21-22).

The occurrence of relatively few specimens of a species closely approaching B. perelegans from two

stations in Vanuatu and from several stations along the mid-northern coast of New Caledonia (Fig. 54) is a

surprise, and adds to the growing evidence that Bufonaria species have curiously patchy, unpredictable distributions

(e.g. y specimens indistinguishable from B. subgranosa , a common Philippines species but virtually unknown

outside that area in the northwestern Pacific, are common also off Cape Moreton in southern Queensland,

Australia). The New Caledonian and Vanuatu specimens are nearly all much smaller than Philippines-Taiwan ones,

although the largest is 80.5 mm high, but as they are scarcely distinguishable from northern shells in any other

characters they seem best referred to B. perelegans. Even within mid-northern New Caledonia its distribution

appears to be patchy, as not only is it apparently limited to the mid-northern coast of the main island, but also

most samples consist of only a few juvenile to moderate-sized specimens, whereas the sample from LAGON sta.

833 contains 18 medium to large shells, seven of which were collected alive.

Bufonaria thersites (Redfield. 1846)

Figs 53 b, d-e, 58 a

Ranella thersites Redfield, 1846: 166, pi. 10. figs 6 a-b.

Bufonaria (Bufonaria) thersites - Beu, 1987: 342. Figs 254-256. — Cossignani, 1994: 38.

Bursa thersites - Short & Potter. 1987: 44. pi. 21. fig. I.

Bufonaria thersites - Wilson, 1993: 226.

Gyrineum (Chasmotheca) cavitense - Oyama & Takemura. 1960: Gyrineum figs 3-4.

Bursa nohilis - Cf.rnohorsky, 1967a: 314, pi. 42. fig. 5: 1967b: 46, pi. 2, fig. 6. — Hinton, 1978: 32. fig. 1

Bursa crumena - Salvat et at.. 1988: 103. pi. 13. fig. 17.

Type DATA. — Redfield's (1846: pi. 10. figs 6 a-b) coloured drawing of the presumed holotype of

Ranella thersites leaves no doubt of its identity, despite its confusion with Crossata califomica (Hinds, 1844) by

TRYON (1880: 40). but I have not seen the type specimen (presumably in State Museum of New York, Albany:

pers. comm. H.A. Rehder, USNM). Redfield’s material (he cited specimens in the collections of Dr Budd and Messrs.

172

ALAN G. BEU

Wheatley and Wilbur, as well as his own) was without locality; I here designate the type locality as New

Caledonia.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, lagon:

sta. 63, 80. 522, 523, 535, 542, 555 (Fig. 58 a). 596, 747, 895,

937. 1129, 1182, 1197. — Glass & Foster (1993) illustrated

2 specimens collected "live in 40 metres off Belep Islands

north of New Caledonia in 1987". In addition. Claude Berthault

(orstom, Noumea) sent colour photographs of a beach spe¬

cimen found near Voh. on the west coast of northern New

Caledonia. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1287. 1301, 1303. 1304,

1305, 1322.

North of New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 452, 454.

These 22 samples (32 specimens) were collected in 0 to 71 m;

specimens were collected alive throughout this range.

Other material examined. — Queensland, Australia. Off

Sandy Cape, southern Queensland, 40-60 m (2. Whitehead Colin).

— Upolu Cay, off Cairns, Queensland, collected intertidally by Mrs

T. Whitehead (2. Whitehead Colin).

Fiji, Pliocene fossils. New road off Prince's Road, behind Dilkusha,

Nausori. Fiji: Nakasi Sandstone, Late Pliocene; coll. K.J.Gilchrist.

1988 (2 ams C302629).

Distribution. — Bufonaria thersites presumably occurs uncommonly throughout the western Pacific

archipelagoes, from at least the Philippine Islands southwards to northeastern Australia, New Caledonia and Fiji.

Its range is poorly known at present.

Dimensions. — Redfield (1846: 167) gave the dimensions of his specimen as H 1.9 inches (48 mm). D

1.4 inches (35 mm). - Off Sandy Cape, Queensland, Whitehead Colin, largest seen: H 70.8, D 50.9. - New

Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 555: H 54.5. D 40.2: sta. 937: H 57.7. D 38.6.

REMARKS. — Bufonaria thersites is easily recognised by its short spire and overall extremely wide, squat

shape, by most specimens bearing one or two enormous, antero-posteriorly compressed nodules on the dorsum of

the last whorl, by its pale, cream exterior with small red-brown maculations on the spiral cords, and in particular,

by its cream to bright yellow or pale orange aperture with widely flared, prominently ridged lips. At the time of the

earlier comments (Beu, 1987) I knew of few specimens, from Fiji, New Caledonia. New Guinea and northern

Australia, although poorly localised old specimens reputed to be from the Philippine Islands, as well as other

western Pacific localities, are present in many museums. It is now clear, however, that B. thersites is an

uncommon but widespread species throughout the central western Pacific archipelagoes, as reliable northeastern

Australian records. 32 further specimens from New Caledonia, reliable Philippines records in MCZ, and an

illustrated record from the Philippines (Oyama & Takemura, I960: Gyrineum figs 3-4) have now been seen. It

appears that this species is uncommon because of its shallow offshore rocky habitat (New Caledonian specimens

were collected alive in 0 to 71 m) and. in pail, because it has been confused with the very similar B. margaritula in

some samples. B. thersites differs from B. margaritula in its much less dorsoventrally compressed shape, in its

consistently short spire, in its much larger dorsal nodules on the last whorl of large shells, in its consistently pale

cream to fawn coloration, and in its yellow to pale orange (rather than white) aperture with much more widely

flared lips than in B. margaritula. The two species also seem to have incomplete sympatry, as B. margaritula is not

recorded from New Caledonia.

Genus Tutufa Jousseaume, 1881

Subgenus Tutufa , 5 . s.

Tutufa Jousseaume. 1881: 175. Type species (ICZN Opinion 1074): Murex rana bubo Linne, 1758. Pliocene to

Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Tutufa (Tutufa) bubo (Linne, 1758)

Fig. 55 c

Murex rana bubo Linne, 1758: 748.

Murex lampas Linne, 1758: 748 (in part: RONDELET, 1555: 81 [=Charonia lampas] designated lectotype above).

Bursa (Tutufa) rubeta var. gigantea E.A. Smith, 1914: 230. pi. 4, fig. 4 (only).

Murex lampas - Hanley. 1855: 286 (in pan).

Triton lampas - Lamarck, 1822: 180 (in pan).— Reeve, 1844a: pi. 9, Fig. 30 a (only). — Lisciike, 1869: 47 (in pan); 1871: 34; 1874: 29.

Bursa lampas - Schepman, 1909: 118.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

173

Fig. 55. — Tutufci species, all from New Caledonia. — a. d. Tutufa (Tutufa) bufo (Roding). a, expedition montrouzier:

sta. 1303, Plateau de Karembe, 0-8 m, x0.67. d, mnhn, off Hienghene. NE coast. 100 m. 1978, x I. — b, Tutufa

(Tutufella) rubeta (Linne), expedition montrouzier: sta. 1274, Recif de Koe, 3-30 m, x 1. — c. Tutufa (Tutufa)

bubo (Linne), EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1271, Haul Fond de Tie, 5-25 m, alive on sand and coral slabs, x0.5.

— e, Tutufa (Tutufella) oyamai Habe, LAGON: sta. 1014. Secteur de Poum, 22-23 m, xl.

Source:

174

ALAN G. BEU

Murex lampas bubo - Linne, 1767: 1216. — Gmelin. 1791: 3532. . r , .

bubo - Vanatta, 1914: 80 (in pari). — Hedley, 1916a: 42. — Cernohorsky, 1967: 311. pi. 42, fig. I; 1972a: 118, pi. 32, fig. 7 (only).

— Hinton, 1972: 14, pi. 7, fig. 3. — Salvat& Rives, 1975: 307, fig. 178.

not Bursa bubo - Vanatta, 1914: 80 (in part). — Salvat et al.. 1988: 103, pi. 13, fig. 14 [= T. bufo\.

Tutufa bubo - Oyama & Takemura, 1963: Tutufa pi. 2. fig. 5. — Habe & Kosuge, 1966: 46. pi. 16, fig. 10. — Hinton, 1978: 31, fig. 1. —

Short & Potter. 1987: 44, pi. 21, fig. 4. — Lai. 1987: 18, fig. 4.

NOT Tutufa bubo - Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 80. pi. 54, figs 2-2 a (in part) 1= T. oyamai).

Tutufa (Tutufa) bubo - Beu. 1981: 277, figs 2 d. 4 a. 11 b. 12 f. 13-14a.c-d; 1985: 66. — Springsteen & Leobrer a, 1986: 122, pi. 33. figs 8 a-

b. _ Wilson, 1993: 228. pi. 43. fig. 16. — Cossignani, 1994: 98.99.

Bursa rubeta gigantea - Rippingale & McMichael, 1961: 69. pi. 7, fig. 20.

TYPE DATA. — Neotype of Murex rana bubo and lectotype of Bursa rubeta var. gigantea. BMNH 1974147,

designated by BEU (1981: 278); paralectotype of Bursa rubeta var. gigantea, BMNH 1914.6.29.1. The type locality

is the Philippine Islands.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, expedition Kouare, southern New Caledonia, coll. P. Bouchet, May 1979. —

montrouzier: sta. 1271 (Fig. 55 c). "New Caledonia", ex Penniket Colin (1 nzgs WM15376).

Distribution. — Tutufa bubo is distributed throughout most of the Indo-West Pacific province, from

Mozambique to the Seychelles Islands, from Tosa Bay, Shikoku, southern Japan (Oyama & Takemura, 1963)

southwards to off Minnie Waters, northern New South Wales (BEU, 1981: 280) and the Three Kings Islands in

northern New Zealand (1 specimen, in a private collection), and eastwards to the Marquesas Islands (Salvat &

Rives, 1975: 307). There are no records from the Red Sea or from Hawaii.

Dimensions. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1271: H 267.5, D 160.8. - "New Caledonia", nzgs

WM 15376: H 166.2, D 102.2.

Remarks. — Tutufa bubo is the largest of the Indo-West Pacific bursids, reaching about 300 mm in

height (although the NE African-Gulf of Arabian T. bardeyi is much larger, reaching ca 420 mm) and is easily

recognised by its pale cream to fawn, coarsely nodulous exterior marbled irregularly with medium and dark brown,

its uniform white to deep flesh-pink or pale orange aperture, and its closely plicate inner lip. As for all other Tutufa

species, the varices are 240° apart (situated at each two-thirds of a whorl, rather than aligned as in most other

bursids) and the operculum has a subcentral nucleus, a little to the right and abapical from the centre.

Only two specimens of Tutufa bubo are present in the MNHN/ORSTOM collections from New Caledonia

reported here, and a specimen labelled simply "New Caledonia" is present in the NZGS collection.

Tutufa (Tutufa) bufo (Roding, 1798)

Figs 55 a, d

Tritonium bufo Roding, 1798: 128.

Bursa (Tutufa) rubeta var. lissostoma E.A. Smith, 1914: 230, pi. 4, fig. 3.

Bursa bufo - Hedley, 1916a: 42; 1918b: M67.

Bursa (Tutufa) bufo - Kira, 1955: 43, pi. 21. fig. 20: 1961: 55. pi. 21, fig. 20; 1962: 57. pi. 22. fig. 20.

Tutufa bufo - Iredale & McMichael, 1962: 55. — Oyama & Takemura. 1963: Tutufa pi. 2, figs 2-4. — Powell. 1967: 189. pi. 36, fig. 8. —

Wilson & GiLLE'rr, 1971:80, pi. 50, fig. 1. —Kay, 1979: 229, fig. 801. — Okutani. 1986: 116; 117, 3rd fig. from lop left. — Short

& Potter, 1987: 44, pi. 21, fig. 3. — Lai, 1987: 18. fig. 1.

Tutufa (Tutufa) bufo - Beu. 1981: 272. figs I d, g. p; 2 c; 5 b-c. f; 6; 11 a, c-f; 12a,g; 1985: 66. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 120.pl. 33.

fig. 1. —Wilson. 1993: 228. pi. 43, fig. 17. — Cossignani. 1994: 100-102. — Bosch et at., 1995: 104, fig. 376.

Bursa rubeta - Bosch et al.. 1982: 84.

Tutufa lissostoma - Iredale, 1931: 214, pi. 23, fig. 5. — Okutani, 1970: 124, pi. 8, fig. I. — Kuroda et al., 1971: 134. pi. 34.

Bursa bubo forma lissostoma - Cernohorsky, 1972a: 118, pi. 32, fig. 7 a.

Bursa bubo lissostoma - Powell. 1974: 205; 1976: 152; 1979: 168. pi. 33, fig. 12.

Triton lampas - Lamarck, 1822: 180. — Kiener, 1842: pi. 5, fig. 1. — Reeve. 1844a: pi. 10, fig. 30 b (only). — Lischke, 1869: 47; 1871: 34.

— KOster & Kobelt. 1871: 175, pi. 37. figs 3-4. — Lischke, 1874: 29. — Kobelt, 1876 [in 1876-781: pi. 9, fig. 2.

Ranella lampas - Tryon, 1880: pi. 19, fig. 12.

Bursa (Lampas) Ilians - Angas. 1877: 179.

Tutufa (Crossata) californica - Suter, 1906: 328.

Argobuccinum siphonatum - Iredale, 1910: 73.

Bursa bubo - Vanaita, 1914: 80 (in part). — Salvat et al.. 1988: 103. pi. 13, fig. 14.

Bursa siphonata - Oliver. 1915: 528.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

175

Type data. — Tritonium bufo depends for its interpretation on the cited figure. Martini (1780: pi. 129,

fig. 1238) (repeated by Beu, 1981: fig. 12 a). The specimen illustrated by Martini is therefore the holotype of T.

bufo. However, as noted in the Introduction, no specimens from Martini's or Chemnitz's collections are now

known, and this name is without a type specimen. Beu (1981: 273) designated as lectotype of Bursa rubeta var.

lissostoma the specimen (bmnh 197384) figured by Smith (1914: pi. 4. fig. 3), which is also the specimen

figured by Reeve (1844a: pi. 10, fig. 30 b). This specimen is also here designated the neotype of Tritonium bufo.

The type locality was designated as Madagascar by Kuroda et al. (1971: 134).

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW9. CP24.

New Caledonia. Off Hienghene, NE coast, 100 m. 1978 (Fig. 55 d).

— lagon: sta. 100. 328, 836, 933. — expedition montrouzier: sta.

1303 (Fig. 55 a), 1305, 1314, 1321. — lagon de Noumea: sta. 1369.

— bathus 1: sta. DW640. DW678.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DW187.

Norfolk Ridge, musorstom 4: sta. DW231. — smib 4: sta. DW57.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW442.

These 18 specimens were collected in 0-260 m, and specimens

were collected alive at 12-260 m.

Distribution. — Tutufa bufo is very wide-ranging throughout the Indo-West Pacific province; a record

from Natal, South Africa, has been confirmed since my 1981 monograph (pers. comm. R.N. Kilburn, NMP) and it

occurs throughout the Indian Ocean, Gulf of Arabia (BOSCH et al.. 1982: 84; BOSCH et al.< 1995: 104. fig. 376) and

Red Sea. In the western Pacific it ranges as far north as central Honshu, Japan (Kira, 1962: 57) and as far south as

northeastern New Zealand, where the southernmost recorded locality is White Island, Bay of Plenty (5 specimens

NZGS RM5069). Records extend throughout the central Pacific as far east as Hawaii where, however, only one

specimen has been reported (Kay, 1979: 229).

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, mustorstom 4: sta. DW 231: H 101.8, D 62.5. - lagon de Noumea:

sta. 1369: H 117.0, D 89.2. - EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1303: H 101.8, D 72.4. - Coral Sea, CORAIL 2:

sta. CP24: H 98.8, D 62.7.

REMARKS. — Tutufa bufo is easily distinguished from T. bubo by its smaller size (reaching about 180 mm

in height), its more sharply nodulous, less rugose, and (on most specimens) cleaner and smoother, cream to pale

brown exterior, and its very smooth, widely flared aperture, lacking ridges on the inner lip, and cream to white in

colour apart from a deep red ring around the "throat". The red apertural ring is particularly diagnostic. This species

has been collected in small numbers all around New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands by several cruises, which is

not surprising as it is much the most widespread species of Tutufa , and occurs throughout its range on offshore soft

substrates where it is readily sampled by trawling and dredging. It was recorded also (as Triton lampas as illustrated

by KlENER) by FISCHER (1860). Most New Caledonian specimens are unusually small, and presumably are

immature. The living animal, with a brownish pink head-foot strongly maculated with large dark red areas, and the

egg-mass were illustrated by Coleman (1981: 12; 54).

Tutufa (Tutufa) tenuigranosa (Smith, 1914)

Figs 56 b-c

Bursa (Tutufa) rubeta var. tenuigranosa E.A. Smith. 1914: 231, pi. 4, fig. 6.

Bursa tenuigranosa - Vanatta, 1914: 80. — Hedley, 1916a: 42.

Tutufa tenuigranosa - Habe. 1973: 139, text-fig. 1.

not Tutufa tenuigranosa - Habe, 1961: 47, pi. 24, fig. 4. — Oyama & Takemura, 1963: Tutufa pi. 1, figs 6-7. — Habe, 1964: 76, pi. 24, fig. 4

[= T. oyarnai].

Tutufa (Tuti fella) tenuigranosa - Beu, 1981: 285, figs 15 a-c.

Tutufa (Tutufa) tenuigranosa - Beu, 1985: 66, fig. 53; 1987: 346. — Wilson, 1993: 228, pi. 43. fig. 15. — Cossignani, 1994: 103.

Tutufa (Tutufa) bubo form tenuigranosa - Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 122, pi. 33, fig. 13.

Type data. — Lectotype (designated by Beu, 1981: 286) bmnh 1914.6.29.4, an unlocalised specimen.

The type locality is here designated as Taiwan. Several paralectotypes are also present in bmnh.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia. I doubtfully localised specimen in Staadt Colin, mnhn (see below).

176

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 56. — Tiitufa species, both xl. — a, Tutufa (Tutufella) rubeta (Linne), mnhn, off Hienghene, NE coast of New

Caledonia. 100 m. 1978. — b-c, Tutufa (Tutufa) tenuigranosa (E.A. Smith), mnhn, Staadt Colin. "New

Caledonia", but probably from the Philippine Islands.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE. BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

177

Distribution. — Authentically localised specimens of T. tenuigranosa have been seen from Taiwan, the

Philippine Islands and Indonesia. Similar but paler and more weakly sculptured specimens, with a particularly

weakly sculptured spire apex as in T. boholica . have been seen from off Somalia and from the northwestern shelf of

Western Australia. Typical T. tenuigranosa seems to be limited to the central western Pacific, and is unlikely to

range as far south as New Caledonia.

Dimensions. — "Nouvelle-Caledonie", Staadt Colin: H 119.0, D 69.6. - Bohol Straits, Philippines, pres.

F.J. Springsteen, NZGS WM14021: H 176.4, D 98.1.

Remarks. — At the time of the 1981 monograph of Tutufa (Beu, 1981) I had seen very little material of

Tutufa tenuigranosa , but I have since seen many specimens from the Philippine Islands and Taiwan, and a large

range of material from Indonesia in RMNH. A Philippines specimen was illustrated in colour by Cossignani

( 1994: 103). It is now clear that T. tenuigranosa is an uncommon species that is distributed widely throughout the

western Pacific from Taiwan to Indonesia, and perhaps as far south as New Caledonia. It is easily recognised by its

large size (to about 280 mm in height), its tall, narrow shape, its relatively long, strongly twisted anterior canal,

its consistent sculpture of finely beaded, low, narrow spiral threads and four slightly more prominent primary cords

on the last whorl, the whole surface crossed by microscopic axial threads, its relatively small, narrow, widely

spaced peripheral nodules, its plain white aperture with thin, widely flared lips, the outer one deeply digitate and

coarsely nodulous inside, the inner one closely ridged with long, narrow, transverse ridges for its whole height, and

its very characteristic medium red-brown exterior with markedly darker major spiral cords. The earliest three spire

whorls are a little more weakly sculptured than the remainder of the teleoconch and are consistently coloured a pale

pinkish brown. Specimens collected relatively recently in the Indian Ocean (off Somalia, and from the far

northwestern shelf of Western Australia) appear to represent an unnamed, closely related species differing from T.

tenuigranosa in its consistently paler coloration and in the weakly sculptured, pinkish early teleoconch stage

extending for at least five whorls (closely resembling, in the latter character, T. boholica).

Tutufa tenuigranosa is not present in any of the Coral Sea or New Caledonian collections reported here, and

I have seen no specimens from eastern Australia or New Guinea. It is included in this report because a lot of four

specimens of Tutufa in the Staadt Colin, MNHN, labelled "Nouvelle-Caledonie", consists of three T. bufo and one

T. tenuigranosa. However, two of the specimens of T. bufo in this lot bear paper labels, stuck into their apertures

with adhesive tape, reading "Philippines", throwing great suspicion on the entire sample. The Staadt Colin

contains many other wrongly localised specimens and mixed lots (P. Bouchet, com. pers.) and, as T. tenuigranosa

is now a well-known Philippines species, but is otherwise unknown from New Caledonia, it seems likely the

Staadt Colin specimen (Figs 56 b-c) actually originated from the Philippines, but it is illustrated here because of its

possible New Caledonian provenance.

Subgenus TUTUFELLA Beu, 1981

Lampas Schumacher, 1817: 252. Type species (by monotypy): Lampas hians Schumacher. 1817 [= Murex rana

rubeta Linne. 1758], Recent. Indo-West Pacific. Not Lampas Montfort, 1808 [Foraminifera],

Tutufella Beu, 1981: 260. Replacement name for Lampas Schumacher, 1817, preoccupied.

REMARKS. — Tutufa (Tutufella) is distinguished from T. (Tutufa) by the smaller shell size, by the cephalic

tentacles bearing two dark colour rings that are absent in T. (Tutufa), and by having a closed seminal groove rather

than the open one of T. (Tutufa).

Tutufa (Tutufella) oyamai Habe, 1973

Fig. 55 e

Tutufa oyamai Habe. 1973: 140, fig. 2.

Tutufa oyamai - Hinton. 1978: 31. fig. 3. — Okutani. 1986: 116; 117. central fig. — Lai. 1987: 18. fig. 5. — Wilson. 1993: 228. pi. 43. figs

' 14 a-b.

Tutufa (Tutufella ) oyamai - BriU, 1981: 283, figs 1 f. i. I, q, 2 e. 4 b-f, 15 d-i; 1985: 66. Fig. 54. — Springsteen & Leobrhra, 1986: 120. pi. 33.

Fig. 4. — Cossignani, 1994: 106-108^ — Bosch et at.. 1995: 104, Fig. 378.

178

ALAN G. BEU

Gyrineum (Lampas) ranelloides - Melvill& Standen, 1899: 163.

Tutu/a tenuigranosa - Habe. 1961: 47, pi. 24, fig. 4. — Oyama & Takemura. 1963: Tutufa pi. I. figs 6-7. — Habe, 1964: 76. pi. 24. fig. 4.

Tutufa bubo - Wilson & GiLLETT, 1971: 80. pi. 54. figs 2-2 a (in part).

TYPE data. — Holotype NSMT 42372, 1 figured paratype NSMT 42373, 1 paratype (presented by Dr T.

Habe) NZGS WM11274; all from prawn boats, off Taiwan, South China Sea.

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, i.agon: sta. 905, 1014 (Fig. 55 e).

DISTRIBUTION. — Tutufa oyamai occurs throughout the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific

archipelagoes, from at least as far southwest as Inhaca Island, southern Mozambique (alive on intertidal coral; NZGS

WM15178, pres. Sr C.P. Fernandes) northwards to Muscat, Oman (NZGS WM13355, pres. D.T. Bosch), and in the

western Pacific from southern Japan southwards to Queensland and New South Wales, Australia (Beu, 1981: 285).

However, I am not aware of records from further eastward than New Caledonia, and it is not recorded from Hawaii

(Kay. 1979). A range through at least part of Polynesia seems likely but needs confirmation.

Dimensions. — lagon: sta. 1014: H 67.8, D 46.7.

Remarks. — Tutufa oyamai is similar to the more common T. rubeta in size range (mature shells range in

height from ca 65 to 100 mm), in shape, in the closely and finely plicate inner lip, and in the inner lip being

widely flared over the previous whorl. Also, while most specimens have a strongly digitate thin, flared margin to

the outer lip (the digitations corresponding to the spiral cords on the exterior), some specimens of both species are

found with a much wider and more heavily calcified outer lip, without digitations, the complete apertural outline

then being almost circular: these appear likely to be egg-laying females, the apertural margin conforming to the

exterior of the egg-mass as it is being secreted (as observed in living Crossata califomica\ B. Foster & C. Glass,

Abbey Specimen Shells, pers. comm.). T oyamai is easily distinguished from T. rubeta by its white rather than

orange to brick-red aperture (lip margins cream to pale brown on some specimens of T. oyamai ), by having longer,

semitubular anterior and posterior siphonal canals, by its pale peach to yellow-brown exterior with narrow red-

brown spiral lines around the nodule rows, rather than strongly maculated in dark red-brown and white to

deep maroon as in T. rubeta , and by its more subdued external sculpture of narrower nodule rows, with markedly

finer interstitial rows of gemmae than the coarse, closely spaced small nodules of T. rubeta. Only two speci¬

mens of T. oyamai are present in the MNHN/ORSTOM collections reported here; one (LAGON: sta. 1014) is a

moderately large, live-collected specimen with a widely flared, circular aperture (i.e. an egg-laying female?) whereas

the other (LAGON: sta. 905) is a broken, long-dead juvenile specimen, distinguished from the slightly more

common juveniles of T. bufo in these collections by its markedly coarser peripheral nodules and interstitial

gemmae.

Tutufa (Tutufella) rubeta (Linne, 1758)

Figs 55 b, 56 a, 57 b, d-e

Mu rex rana rubeta Linne, 1758: 748.

Tritonium tuberosum Roding, 1798: 127.

Biplex tuberculus Perry, 1811: pi. 4. fig. 3.

Lampas hians Schumacher, 1817: 252.

Lampas caledonensis Jousseaume. 1881: 177.

Murex lampas rubeta - Linne, 1767: 1216. — Gmf.lin, 1791: 3532.

Tritonium rubeta - RODING. 1798: 128.

Triton lampas - Lamarck, 1816: pi. 420, figs 3 a-b; "Liste des objets", p. 5; Lamarck. 1822: 180 (in pari) (not Murex lampas Linne. 1758).

Murex lampas - Wood, 1828: pi. 25, Murex fig. 28 d.

Tritonium lampas - Anton, 1838: 83.

Triton lampas var. - KUSTER & KOBELT, 1871: 175. pi. 40. figs 7-8.

Bursa (Tutufa) rubeta . typical var. - Smith. 1914: 228, pi. 4. figs 1-2.

Bursa rubeta - Vanatta, 1914: 80. — Hedley, 1916a: 41. — Hinton, 1972: 14, pi. 6, fig. 23; pi. 7, fig. 2. — Ce.rnohorsky. 1972a: 118, pi. I.

fig. 5. — Drivas&Jay, 1988:62. pi. 16. fig. 2. —Salvat eta!., 1988: 103. pi. 13, fig. 16.

not Bursa rubeta - BOSCH et al.. 1982: 84 (= T. bufo].

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

179

Bursa (Bufonaria) rubeta - Cooke, 1916: 9.

Tutufa rubeta - Oyama & Takemura, 1963: Tutufa pi. 2, fig. I. — Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 46. pi. 16. fig. 8. — Hinton, 1978: 31, fig. 2. —

Okutani, 1986: 116; 117. top row. 5th fig. from left. — Short & Potter. 1987: 44. pi. 21. fig. 5. — Lai, 1987: 18, fig. 2.

Tutufa (Tutufella) rubeta - Beu. 198 1: 280, figs 1 b-c, e, j-k; 3; 4 g-i; 5 d-e; 7; 9 c; 12 b-c; 14d. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 120, pi. 33.

figs 6 a-b. — Wilson. 1993: 228, pL 43, fig. 18. — Cossignani, 1994: 109-110.

not Bursa (Lampas) hums - Angas, 1877: 179 [= T. bufo ].

Type data. — Following the review by BEU (1981), most names regarded as synonyms of Murex rana

rubeta remained without type specimens, as the figures cited by early authors are reasonably clearly identifiable, so

there were thought to be no complications about the synonymy. However, MUHLHAUSSER & BLOCHER (1979)

described the very similar Indian Ocean species T. nigrita while that review was in press and, as it is impossible to

distinguish whether any of the early illustrations were intended to represent either T. rubeta or T. nigrita , it is now

desirable to select a neotype for T. rubeta. The main character distinguishing T. nigrita is its yellow aperture with a

dark brown to black inner lip, rather than the uniform orange to red aperture of T. rubeta. It is therefore particularly

unfortunate that the figure (RUMPHIUS, 1705: pi. 28, fig. D) cited for Murex rana rubeta Linne, 1758 is an

undiagnostic dorsal view. The selection of an appropriate neotype turns out, however, not to be a simple matter.

The case of Triton lampas Lamarck. 1816 is unusually complex. According to Rosalie de Lamarck's

annotation on Lamarck's copy of Lamarck (1822), the Lamarck Colin originally contained four specimens

assigned to Triton lampas ; five specimens are now present (Dr Y. FlNET, MHNG, letter Jan. 1993). The figure in

Lamarck (1816: pi. 420, figs 3 a-b) is, as usual, poorly drawn, but nevertheless the relatively tall spire, the

relatively small nodules on the shoulder of the last whorl (in particular, without a large nodule on the terminal

varix), the short anterior canal, and the coarsely and closely plicate inner lip show clearly that the illustrated

specimen is T. rubeta. The outer lip is narrow, with moderately long digitations around its lower (abapical or

anterior) half, and the hollow furrow inside the lip shows it is incompletely secreted. None of the five specimens

now recognised in Lamarck's Colin agrees in detail with this specimen. The five are: (1) a huge (H 230) specimen

of T. bubo, with a large shoulder nodule on the terminal varix (MHNG 1099/7b); (2) a relatively small (H 90)

specimen of T. bufo , illustrated by KlENER (1842: pi. 5, fig. 1) as Triton lampas (MHNG 1099/75); (3) a fairly

large (H 105.5) specimen of T. rubeta , differing from Lamarck's (1816: pi. 420, figs 3 a-b) figured specimen in its

slightly shorter spire, its completely secreted outer lip interior, its more widely flared inner lip shield, and its

widely flared outer lip margin with an only weakly digitate edge (MHNG 1099/74): (4 and 5) MHNG 1099/73, two

small, immature specimens, one a coarsely sculptured T. bubo , and the other apparently T. rubeta (not identifiable

with certainty). It therefore appears that Lamarck's (1816) figured syntype is not now among Lamarck's

specimens, and therefore, that at least two of the specimens currently identified as syntypes have been added to the

collection since it was owned by Lamarck. It seems preferable not to choose one of Lamarck's specimens as the

neotype.

REEVE (1844a), in his monograph of Triton , illustrated Tutufa bubo (pi. 9, fig. 30 a) and T. bufo (pi. 10.

fig. 30 b) as "Triton lampas ", but did not include a figure of T. rubeta.

The earliest nominal taxon with clearly identifiable type specimen(s) that belong in the species here called

Tutufa rubeta is therefore Lampas caledonensis. Five syntypes of L. caledonensis remain in MNHN, and another

presented by Jousseaume to BMNH was illustrated by Smith (1914: pi. 4, fig. 2). Of Jousseaume's five syntypes in

MNHN, three specimens are Tutufa rubeta of this monograph, and two specimens (Figs 57 a, c) are Tutufa nigrita.

As T. nigrita occurs only in the central and western Indian Ocean (Reunion. Mauritius. Madagascar (Grand Recif tb

Tulear, type locality). East Africa and Oman; Bosch et al, 1995: 104). there is no doubt that these specimens are

wrongly localised, throwing some doubt on the reliability of Jousseaume's other specimens. However, although

few specimens of T. rubeta are present among the ORSTOM/MNHN collections reported on here, specimens from

New Caledonia are common in museums and private collections, and there is no reason to doubt Jousseaume's

locality. The cleanest and most complete of Jousseaume’s two adult, large syntypes of Lampas caledonensis (Figs

57 d-e) is here designated the lectotype of Lampas caledonensis Jousseaume, 1881. This specimen (H 114.6, D

70.7, labelled simply "N el . Caledonie, Jouss.") is here designated also the neotype of Murex rana rubeta, of

Tritonium tuberosum, of Biplex tuberculus, and of Lampas hians. The type locality of all Five nominal taxa is

therefore New Caledonia. The paralectotypes of Lampas caledonensis are (1) one immature specimen of T. rubeta,

"N cl . Caledonie, Jouss.", H 85.4, D 52.8 (Fig. 57 b); (2) another large, mature, adult specimen of T. rubeta, H

119.3, D 71.4, "Nouvelle-Caledonie. don. de M. I’abbe Lambert, no. 12, 1876", ex Jousseaume Colin; and (3), the

two specimens of T. nigrita mentioned above, "N el . Caledonie, Jouss." (wrong, probably from Mauritius or

Madagascar); H 64.6, D 37.5; H 56.7, D 33.0.

180

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 57. — Four of the syntypes of Lampas caledonensis Jousseaume. in MNHN; all x 1. — a. c. Tutufa (Tutufella) nigrita

Miihlhausser & Blocher, paralectotypes of Lampas caledonensis, "New Caledonia" (wrong; Mauritius?). — b,

Tutufa (Tutufella) rubeta (Linne), small paralectotype. "New Caledonia". — d-e. Tutufa (Tutufella) rubeta (Linne),

neotype of Mu rex rana rubeta Linne. 1758, of Triionium tuberosum Rdding, 1798. and of Biplex tuberculus Perry,

1811. and lectotype of Lampas caledonensis Jousseaume, 1881; "New Caledonia".

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAR OF NEW CALEDONIA

181

Fig. 58. — Bufonaria, Bursa and Distorsio species, all from New Caledonia. — a. Bufonaria thersites (Redfield), LAGON:

sta. 555, Grand Recif Sud. 32 m. xl. — b. Bursa quirihorai Beu, smib 8: sta. CPI62, Norfolk Ridge. 254-264 m,

xl. — c. Bursa fijiensis (Watson), smib 8: sta. DW189, Norfolk Ridge, 400-402 m, xl. — d, Bursa granularis

(Rciding), EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1303. 0-8 m. Plateau Karembe, xl. — e. Bursa rhodostoma (Beck in

G.B. Sowerby II), expedition MONTROUZIER: sta. 1245, intertidal. Grand Recif Mengalia. xl.25. — f. Bursa

lamarckii (Deshayes), EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1270, 10-35 m. Grand Recif Mengalia. xl.— g. Bursa

latitude) Garrard, volsmar: sta. DW41, Loyalty Ridge. 195-250 m, xl. — h, Bursa fosteri Beu, SMIB 6: sta.

DW130, north of New Caledonia, 225-230 m, xl.25. — i. Bursa lucaensis Parth. dark specimen, LAGON: sta.

836, Poindimie, 57 m; x2. — j. Distorsio parvimpedita sp. nov., hololype, EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1260.

channel NE of Touho Bank, 49-59 m. xl.25. — k. Distorsio euconstricta Beu, southern New Caledonia. 200-350

m, coll. P. Tirard. xl.25.— 1, Distorsio reticularis (Linne). LAGON: sta. 55, Noumea. 23 m. xl. — m, Distorsio

decipiens (Reeve), SMIB 6: sta. DW128. north of New Caledonia. 205-215 m, xl. — n. Distorsio kurzi Petuch &

Harasewych, lagon: sta. 374. Grand Recif Sud, 70-72 m, xl.25. — o, Distorsio anus (Linne), expedition

MONTROUZIER: sta. 1268, 9-11 m, La Thiem, xl.

Source: MNHN, Paris

182

ALAN G. BEU

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia. Off 1270. 1272. 1274 (Fig. 55 b). 1318. 1332.

Hienghene, 100 m, 6 Sept. 1978 (Fig. 56 a). — Passe Le Leizour. These 9 specimens were collected in 0-100 m, but most living

100 m, 5 Sept. 1978. — Amedee Lighthouse. Noumea, coll. P. specimens were collected in 0-35 m on coral reefs.

Bouchet, 25 April 1979. — expedition montrouzier: sta. 1245.

Distribution. — Tutufa rubeta has a very similar distribution to that of T. bufo , but does not quite reach

the same limits. Although it occurs from southeastern Africa (possibly as far west at Natal, South Africa) to Eilat

in the Red Sea, there are no records from Oman. In southern Japan, it probably does not occur north of the Ryukyu

Islands, as it was not recorded from the main islands by either Kira (1962) or Habe (1964). In Australia, it is

recorded as far south as Fremantle, in Western Australia, and Coffs Harbour in northern New South Wales; it does

not occur in New Zealand. Empty shells are abundant at some quite southern localities ( e.g . One Tree Island,

Capricorn Group) on the Great Barrier Reef. Although it occurs through much of the central Pacific, it is not

recorded from Hawaii (Kay, 1979).

Dimensions. — Lampas caledonensis (Iectotype) and Mure x ram rubeta (neotype): H 114.6. D 70.7. -

New Caledonia, off Hienghene: H 113.2, D 69.5. - Eilat, Red Sea, dived, coll. M. Blom, 1964-65, in University

Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (largest seen): H 132.3, D 82.0.

Remarks. — Tutufa rubeta is a highly distinctive species because of its marbled cream and red-brown to

uniform deep maroon exterior, its orange to bright red aperture with two clearly separated rows of nodules inside the

outer lip, its closely and intricately ridged inner lip, and its low varices and nodules that give most specimens a

rather evenly oval appearance, lacking the prominent nodules (particularly where the varices cross the shoulder

angle) of other Tutufa species. Whereas most specimens have only moderately flared lips and a strongly digitate

outer lip, many of the largest specimens have strongly flared, raised collars on both the inner and outer lips (these

tire probably egg-laying females). T. rubeta is much smaller than the Tutufa (Tutufa ) species known to occur in

New Caledonia.

Family PERSON1DAE Gray. 1854

Genus DlSTORSIO Roding. 1798

Distorsio Roding. 1798: 133. Type species (SD by PiLSBRY. 1922: 347): Murex anus Linne, 1758, Pliocene to

Recent. Indo-West Pacific.

Distortrix Link. 1807: 122. Type species (SD by Dale, 1904: 133): Murex anus Linne, 1758.

Persona Montfort, 1810: 603. Type species (by monotypy): Murex anus Linne. 1758.

Distorta Perry. 1811: Caption to pi. 2. Type species (SD by EMERSON & PUFFER, 1953: 96): Distorta rotunda

Perry, 1811 [= Murex anus Linne, 1758).

Rhysema Clench & Turner, 1957: 236. Type species (OD): Triton clathratum Lamarck, 1816, Pliocene to Recent,

western Atlantic Ocean.

Distorsio anus (Linne, 1758)

Figs 58 o, 59 a-b

Murex anus Linne, 1758: 750.

Distorta rotunda Perry, 181 I: pi. 10, fig. 2.

Distorta rugosa Schumacher, 1817: 249.

Murex anus - Linne. 1767: 1218. — Gmelin, 1791: 3536. — Dillwyn, 1817: 703. — Hanley. 1855: 292.

Distorsio anus - Roding, 1798: 133. —Tryon. 1880: 35, pi. 15. fig. 153; pi. 17, figs 173-174. — Oostingh, 1925: 134. — Iredale, 1929b: 280.

— Hirase. 1936: 66. pi. 96, fig. 4. — Edmondson. 1946: 143, fig. 61 k. — Wissema, 1947: 152. — Emerson & Puffer. 1953: 96. —

Kira. 1955: 43. pi. 21. fig. 16. — Oyama & Takemura. 1959: Distorsio pi. 2. figs 5-8. — Rifpingale & McMichael, 1961: 68, pi. 7.

fig. 14. —Kira, 1962: 57. pi. 22, fig. 16. —Habe & Kosuge, 1966a: 44, pi. 15, fig. 18. — Wilson & Gillett, 1971: 78 j. pi. 53, figs

Source:

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

183

7-7 a. — Hinton, 1972: 12, pi. 6. Fig. 1. — Lewis, 1972: fig. 42. — Cernohorsky, 1967a: 323. pi. 45. Fig. 23. text-Fig. 13. — Salvat

& Rives, 1975: 306, fig. 176. — Hinton, 1978: 30. Figs 1-1 a. — Kay, 1979: 223. Fig. 79 K. Beu, 1985: 62. — Springsteen &

Leobrera, 1986: 117. pi. 32, Fig. 2. — Okutani. 1986: 114-115. second Fig. second row. — Short & Potter, 1987: 48, pi. 23,

Fig. 11. — Drivas&Jay, 1988:62, pi. 16, Fig. 8. — Salvat et al., 1988: 103, pi. 13, Fig. 8. — Lai, 1989: 127, fig. 55. — Henning

& Hemmen, 1993: 135. pi. 27. Fig. I. — Wilson, 1993: 239, pi. 40, Figs 21 a-b. — Kronenberg, 1994: 63. Fig. 5: pi. 1. Fig. 1; pi. 2.

Fig. 4.

Distortrix anus - Link. 1807: 123. — Tapparone-Canefri, 1881: 44.— Hedley, 1899: 456. — Schepman, 1909: 113.

Persona anus - Montfort, 1810: 603. — Kobf.lt, 1876a: 49; 1876 fin 1876-78]: pi. 10, fig. 3; 1878b: 370.

Triton anus - Lamarck, 1816: pi. 413. figs 3 a-b; "Liste des objets", p. 4; 1822: 186. — J. Sowerby & G.B. Sowerby 1, 1826: pi. 227, fig. 2. —

Quoy & Gaimard. 1833: 544, pi. 40. figs 6-10. — Kiener, 1842: 22. pi. 15, fig. 1. — Reeve. 1842: 198, pi. 244. fig. 2. — Deshayes,

1843: 366. — Reeve, 1844a: pi. 12, fig. 44. — Kuster & Kobelt. 1872: 198, pi. 57, figs 1-2.

TYPE DATA. — Linne's collection housed by the Linnean Society of London contains two specimens of

Distorsio anus , as interpreted by all post-Linnean authors, identified as syntypes of Mure.x anus. One specimen is

encrusted, and bears no markings. The other is a fresh, clean shell, with "539" written clearly in the aperture (539

is the species number of Murex anus in LiNNE, 1767: 1218). There is therefore no doubt that this specimen is an

authentic Linnean syntype, and it is here designated the lectotype of Murex anus. The same specimen is also here

designated the neotype of Distorta rotunda and of Distorta rugosa. The type locality is here designated as Ambon

Island (Amboina), eastern Indonesia. Two additional paralectotypes of Murex anus are present in the Linne Colin of

the Uppsala University Zoological Museum (WALLIN, 1993: 74).

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW60. DW91 (Fig. 59 b). DWI47.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 230, 1181. — expedition montrouzier:

sta. 1246, 1268 (Fig. 58 o). 1272. 1318.

North of New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 455.

Norfolk Ridge, smib 4: sta. DW55.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW430 (Fig. 59 a).

These specimens collected alive were taken from the intertidal zone

to 45 m.

Distribution. — Distorsio anus is very widespread in shallow water throughout the Indo-West Pacific

province, from Natal, South Africa, throughout the Indian Ocean to Somalia and southern India, and in the Red Sea

(although I have seen no records from the Gulf of Arabia); in the western Pacific it occurs as far north as the Kii

Peninsula, Honshu, Japan (Oyama & TAKEMURA, 1959: Distorsio pi. 2, fig. 5) and as far south as Queensland,

Australia, and New Caledonia; and as far east as Hawaii (Kay, 1979) and Pitcairn (1, NMNZ M270993, coll. P.

Sharpies, 1994).

DIMENSIONS. — Murex anus (lectotype): H 51.0, D 36.7. - New Caledonia, SMIB 4: sta. DW55: H 65.8. D

50.3. Maximum size recorded in New Caledonia 80.1 mm (PR1GENT, 1993).

REMARKS. — Distorsio anus is one of the most distinctive of all molluscs and being reasonably common,

has been listed and illustrated in so many papers, monographs and popular books it would be pointless to list them

all. The synonymy above includes the synonyms, most of the early, well-known iconographies, some modem

papers (e.g. Cernohorsky, 1967a: 323; radula described and illustrated) and several popular books where it has

been illustrated in colour. The most distinctive characters are its extremely distorted coiling, the dark red-brown and

white spiral banding of the teleoconch exterior, the anterior canal being bent towards the dorsum at right angles to

the plane of the aperture, and the extraordinarily developed apertural shield, highly polished but bearing numerous,

irregular nodules and hollows (as the previous whorls show through), hiding much of the rest of the shell (apart

from the spire apex) in ventral view in large specimens. The interior of the outer lip bears the usual Distorsio row

of large nodules, the third from the adapical end much the largest, and the columellar base bears the usual Distorsio

prominent ridge protruding to the right into the aperture, bearing prominent, thin, transverse ridges - in this

species, five or, less commonly, six ridges. Many specimens have alternate white and red-brown radiating colour

splashes around the outer margin of the apertural shield. Juvenile specimens have a narrowly conical, undistorted

spire.

As Distorsio anus is the sole species of the genus occurring commonly in shallow water (even occasionally

found intertidally on sand flats) throughout the Indo-West Pacific province, it is not surprising that several

specimens are present in the LAGON and EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER samples and in samples from the Coral Sea.

However, D. anus appears to be relatively uncommon in New Caledonia.

184

ALAN G. BEU

FlG. 59. — Distorsio species. — a-b. Distorsio anus (Linne), immature specimens, a. MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW430,

Loyalty Ridge, 30 m, xl. b, corail 2: sta. DW91, Chesterfield Plateau. Coral Sea. 43 m, xl.5.— c-h, Distorsio

kurzi Petuch & Harasewych. c, LAGON: sta. 374. Grand Recif Sud, New Caledonia, 70-72 m, xl.5. d, NMP, dredged

off Park Rynie, Natal. South Africa. 100 m, xl. e-f. typical large Philippines specimen, nzgs WM15615. 100-

200 m, off Cebu. xl.5. g, largest specimen seen, off Punta Engano, Mactan I., Cebu, Philippines, F.J.

Springsteen Colin, xl. h, NMP H7529, Maidive Islands, xl. — i-1, Distorsio perdistorta Fulton, i, USNM

762002, Gulf of Guinea, West Africa, 100 m, xl. j, NMP B38I3, dredged off Park Rynie, Natal. South Africa, 1 20

m. xl. k-l, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW428, Loyalty Ridge, New Caledonia. 420 m. xl.25.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAF., BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

185

Distorsio decipiens (Reeve, 1844)

Figs 58 m, 61 g-k, 63 a-e

Triton decipiens Reeve. 1844a: pi. 20, Fig. 102.

Triton decipiens - Reeve, 1844c: 121.

Distorsio decipiens - Brazier. 1877: 174. — Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Distorsio pi. 1. figs 5-6. — Bf.u, 1985: 62. — Springsteen &

Leobrera. 1986: 118. pi. 32. fig. 6. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 138. pi. 27. Fig. 5. — Wilson. 1993: 239. — Kronenberg, 1994:

72. fig. II; pi. 3, fig. 3.

Persona decipiens - Kobelt, 1878b: 370.

Distorsio (Rhysema) decipiens - Habe. 1961: 4b. pi. 23. fig. 2; 1964: 74. pi. 23. fig. 2. — Okutani, 1986: 115. 2nd fig. from right, central row

Distorsio (Distorsio) reticulatus decipiens - Shuto, 1969: 89. pi. 7. figs 9-10.

Distorsio cancellinus - Tryon, 1880: 35. pi. 17. fig. 178 (only).

Distorsio ridens - Oyama & Takemura. 1959: Distorsio pi. I. figs 7-8.

TYPE DATA. — Three specimens assumed to be syntypes of Triton decipiens (as they are the only Cuming

Colin specimens present in BMNH), BMNH 1984162, from "Island of Mindanao", Philippines. The medium-sized

specimen most closely matches Reeve's (1844a: pi. 20, fig. 102) figure, but differs in having a less brightly

striped outer lip. and in having a V-shaped, enlarged third tooth inside the outer lip, rather than the clearly single

one of the drawing. This specimen (Figs 63 c-d: H 51.0, D 28.3) is here designated the lectotype. Another apparent

paralectotype, MCZ 188158, "Mindanao, Philippines", ex Cuming Colin and C.B. Adams Colin.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta.

301.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 386, 580. 745 (Fig. 63 e). — expedition

montrouzier: sta. 1314. 1321. — bathus 1: sta. DW640. DW645.

DW659. DW665. CP667, CP668. DW674. CP680. DW688. DW689.

DW690. DW691. DE700. CP702. CP7I0. CP712, DW713. —

halipro 1: sta. CP851. CP853. CP855. CP863.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. CC173. — smib 6: sta.

DW115, DW128 (Fig. 58 m). DWI34. — bathus 4: sta. DW901.

CP905. DW943. CP953.

Norfolk Ridge, biocal: sta. DW77. — musorstom 4: sta. DW203,

DW204 (Figs 61 h-i). — bathus 2: sta. DW7 1 7.

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW391. DW397. DW398.

DW4I7, DW422. DW439. DW442. DW451. DW452.

These 49 lots were collected in 30-660 m, but only 3 specimens

were collected in less than 100 m. D. decipiens is most common in

100-350 m.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CP971.20° 19’ S. 169°53’ E, 250-315 m (2). — Sta. CP 1031. 17°53’ S.

168°33' E. 310 m (1 Iv). — Sta. CP 1039. I6°50‘ S. I68°30' E. 464-472

m (1). — Sta. DW1097, 15°05' S, 167°11' E, 281-288 m (3; I Iv). —

Sta. CPI 103, 15°04' S, 167°08' E, 163-165 m (1). — Sta. DW1105,

15°03'S. I67°07’E. 154-179 m (1).— Sta. CPI 137, I5°42'S. I67°03'

E, 360-371 m (1).

Eastern Australia. Off the Bunker Group, Great Barrier Reef.

Queensland, trawled 200-260 m (3, Whitehead Colin). — SE of

Hixson Cay, Swain Reefs, trawled 188-192 m (2 nzgs, pres. Allan

Limpus).

Fiji, Pliocene fossils. Around Waila, Nausori. Fiji: Nakasi

Sandstone. Late Pliocene; coll. K.J. Gilchrist, 1988 (13 ams

C30I897).

DISTRIBUTION. — The distribution of Distorsio decipiens is poorly known at present, as it has been

recognised by so few previous workers. Although most material in museums comes from the area between

southern Japan and the Philippine Islands, 1 have seen specimens from off Natal, South Africa (NMP), off

Madagascar (MNHN), off the Seychelles Islands (1 MNHN), in numerous MUSORSTOM 2 samples off the Philippines

in 122 to 490 m (MNHN), from Queensland, Australia, from Taiwan and southern Japan, as well as the above New

Caledonia and Vanuatu material. The species therefore presumably ranges throughout the Indo-West Pacific

province, although its eastern limit is unclear. The northernmost Japanese locality is listed as Kii Peninsula.

Honshu by Habe (1964: 74).

DIMENSIONS. — Lectotype: H 51.0. D 28.3; paralectotypes: H 57.8, D 29.3; H 46.4. D 25.0. - Mactan

Island, Cebu, Philippines, largest seen, NZGS WM13119: H 70.0, D 38.77. - New Caledonia, smib 6: sta. DW128:

H 58.3, D 33.1; sta. DW134: H 55.5, D 31.0.

REMARKS. — As Distorsio decipiens has been recognised by few workers outside Japan, following the

disparaging remarks by TRYON (1880: 35) that "D. constrictus ... D. ridens ... and D. decipiens have no claim to

rank even as varieties", the synonymy is briefer than its wide Indo-West Pacific distribution and commonness in

several areas would indicate. It is difficult to know whether Brazier (1877: 174) had D. decipiens or the more

common D. reticularis before him, but as D. decipiens occurs in Queensland and Brazier presumably had access to

Reeve's (1844a) figures, it is feasible that his identification was correct.

The name Distorsio decipiens has been applied consistently in Japan to a species occurring sympatrically

with D. reticularis , as well as in deeper water than D. reticularis, and differing from D. reticularis in its pale brown

Source:

186

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 60. — Distorsio species.— a-b. Distorsio djunggranganensis Marlin, hololype, RMNH 9818, Upper Miocene, "G.

Spelong", West Progo Mountains, Java, x2. — c-h, Distorsio habei Lewis, c. holotype of Distorsio kotcikai

Ogasawara & Morita. IGPS 100052, Middle Miocene, Yanagawa. NE Honshu. Japan, xl.5. d, SMIB 8: sla. DW182,

Norfolk Ridge. New Caledonia, 314-330 m, xl.5. e, SMIB 4: sta. DW49, S. New Caledonia, 240-300 m, xl.5. f-

g, largest New Caledonian specimen, smib 1: sta. DW6. southern New Caledonia, 300 m, xl. h. unusually large

Philippines specimen, Mactan I., Cebu. F.J. Springsteen Colin, xl. — i-j, 1-n, Distorsio euconstricta Beu. i,

chalcal 1: sta. D2, Lansdowne-Fairway Bank. Coral Sea. 80-120 m. x2. j, smib 5: sta. DW94, Norfolk Ridge,

New Caledonia, 275 m, xl.5. 1-m, specimen in Fig. 58 k, xl.5. n. paratypc, NZOI.T682, NZOI Sta. P82, off Lord

Howe I., 78-84 m, xl.5.— k. o-p, Distorsio graceiellae Parth. k. bathus I: sta. DW692. off east coast of New

Caledonia, 140-150 m. x2. o-p. vols.mar: sta. DW41, Loyalty Ridge, New Caledonia. 195-250 m, x2.5

(p. unwhitened specimen, to show characteristic pale brown band in subperipheral constriction).

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

187

aperture (uniform on some specimens, radially banded brown and white on others), by its long and very straight

anterior canal (deviated to the left, in conventional apertural view, in most D. reticularis ), by its closely spaced two

peripheral cords, separated from the cord anterior to them by a wider interspace than other spaces, by its concave

sutural ramp, by its prominent subsutural cord, which bends strongly adapically at the end of each intervariceal

interval to extend up to the strongly adapically flared apertural shield, forming a marked, almost square, right

adapical extremity to the outer lip that is not present on D. reticularis , and by its very uniform white to pale

yellow-brown exterior. The consistent, long, anteriorly decreasing row of 9-10 basal columellar nodules is matched

by a row of short, transverse ridges along the lower left edge of the columellar shield, margining the edge of the

neck, which is more gently contracted than in D. reticularis. Examination with F.J. Springsteen during preparation

of Springsteen & Leobrera (1986) of large Philippine Islands collections of Distorsio showed that D. decipiens

is a reasonably common and consistent species there, but most specimens have a white aperture, at most tinged

with golden brown on the apertural shield. Subsequent examination of large Distorsio collections from South

Africa and New Caledonia has shown that D. decipiens is distinguishable in these areas also, and is almost as

common as D. reticularis , but in general occurs in deeper water. It now appears that a large number of quite similar

Distorsio species occur sympatrically in the Philippine Islands, in New Caledonia, and in South Africa ( i.e. almost

certainly throughout the Indo-West Pacific) (see also Kronenberg, 1994) and care is necessary to distinguish

them; some juvenile and aberrant specimens are not identifiable with certainty.

The Philippines Pliocene (?) fossil, from the Dingle Formation on Panay Island, Philippines, illustrated by

SHUTO (1969) is typical D. decipiens.

Distorsio euconstricta Beu, 1987

Figs 58 k, 60 i-j, 1-n

Distorsio (Distorsio) euconstricta Beu, 1987: 310, figs 131-143, 145.

Distorsio euconstricta - Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 140. pi. 28, fig. 7. — Wilson. 1993: 239. — Kronenberg. 1994: 74. Fig. 13; pi. 2. fig. 10.

TYPE DATA (listed with full data by BEU, 1987: 314). — Holotype USNM 718952, from International

Indian Ocean Expedition sta. 437, 90 m, 09°25' N, 50°54' E, off northern Somalia, 16 Dec. 1964, 16 paratypes

NMP, off Natal, South Africa, 4 paratypes NZGS. off Somalia, 1 paratype ams Cl27393, off Zanzibar. 2 paratypes

USNM 718966, off Somalia, 3 paratypes AMS, off eastern Australia, 1 paratype NMNZ M242428, Wanganella Bank,

Norfolk Ridge, 1 paratype NZOI T682 (Fig. 60 n), NZOI sta. P82, off Lord Howe 1.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: sta.

D2 (Fig. 60 i).

Norfolk Ridge, biocal: sta. DW65. — SMir, 3: sta. DW8. - smib 4:

sta. DW43. — smib 5: sta. DW94 (Fig. 60 j). — From 22°40’ S

to 22°50' S. from 167° I O’ E to I67°30’ E. 200-350 m, coll. P. Tirard.

7-10 Oct. 1986 (Fig. 58 k).

Loyalty Ridge, volsmar: sta. DW41.

These eight specimens (in seven samples) were taken in 80-350 m.

but only one in less than 195 m.

Distribution. — Distorsio euconstricta occurs throughout most of the Indo-West Pacific province, from

Natal, South Africa, to Somalia, and from southern Japan to the southern Norfolk Ridge (not far north of New

Zealand) and New Caledonia. I have not seen specimens from east of New Caledonia, but the eastern limit is

obscure as yet because of inadequate sampling. Most material in museums is from the Philippine Islands.

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, coll. P. Tirard, largest seen: H 31.8, D 20.3. - biocal: sta. DW65: H

29.3, D 18.2. SMIB 5: sta. DW94: H 30.5. D 19.2.

REMARKS. — The Western Pacific specimens referred to Distorsio euconstricta , including all those recorded

here from New Caledonia, differ from northeastern Indian Ocean topotypes in having an evenly rounded and slightly

narrower peripheral bulge, lacking the upper and lower protruding cords that render the outline angled in Somalian

and Zanzibar specimens. However, specimens from off Natal, South Africa (Beu. 1987: fig. 135; listed p. 314)

seem to have the same evenly rounded peripheral bulge as Pacific specimens. Until more material is available from

the northeastern Indian Ocean it seems best to treat all Indian Ocean and Pacific specimens as conspecific.

The New Caledonian material is valuable for the opportunity it provides to compare Distorsio euconstricta

(nine specimens) with 66 lots (ca 130 specimens) of D. habei in all growth stages, and with D. graceiellae (three

specimens). The specimens of D. euconstricta can be separated immediately from these other similar species by

188

ALAN G. BEU

their uniform golden orange to salmon colour, including the aperture, by their small maximum size (largest 32 mm

high), by their shorter and wider form, with a particularly widely protruding, strongly convex bulge to the left of

the aperture (in conventional apertural view) and, of course, by the most distinctive of all characters, the narrowly

and sharply keeled ridge at the base of the outer lip, extending well into the aperture, separated from the columellar

base by 1 mm (or less) at the aperture, but by up to 2 mm further inside the shell. The abundant small specimens

of D. habei are easily distinguished by their white aperture, by their narrower shape, by the weakly calloused

appearance of most specimens of the size of D. euconstricta , and by lacking the ridge inside the outer lip. separated

from the inner lip by a narrow slit. D. graceiellae is considered below.

Distorsio graceiellae Parth. 1989

Figs 60 k, o-p

Distorsio graceiellae Parth, 1989a: 55, figs p. 55-57.

Distorsio graceiellae - Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 140, pi. 28, fig. 6. — Wilson, 1993: 239. — Kronenberg. 1994: 76. fig. 14; pi. 2, fig. 11.

Type data. — Holotype originally in Colin M. Parth. Miinchen; from Balicasag Island, Philippines; 2

paratypes in Parth Colin. The holotype has since been presented to BMNH.

New Caledonia records — New Caledonia, bathus I:

sta. DW692 (Fig. 60 k).

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW399. — volsmar: sta. DW41

(Figs 60 o-p).

Other material examined. — Indonesia. N/O "Banina

Jaya I" karubar: sta. DW30. 05°39* S. 132°56' E. 11 l-l 18 m.

260CT91 (2 mnhn).

Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta. DW964, 20°20' S, 169°49' E, 360-408 m

(I large, faded to white). — Sta. DW1021, 17°43' S. 168°37' E. 124-

130 m (I, juv.).

Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. Eiao I., 07°59.8‘ S, 140°45'

W. 155 m, coll. J. Poupin-SMCB. 19 Jan. 1991 (2. I large and I juv.).

— EiaoI.,07°59'S. I40°44'W, 101 m, coll. J. Poupin-SMCB, 19 Jan.

1991 (I large).

DISTRIBUTION. — Distorsio graceiellae is recorded to date from the Philippine Islands, eastern Indonesia.

Vanuatu, New Caledonia and the Marquesas Islands, and at both the Philippines and New Caledonia it is sympatric

with D. euconstricta. Clearly, it can be expected throughout the western Pacific between these extremes, in about

100-400 m.

DIMENSIONS. — Holotype: H 30.7. D 18.8. - Loyalty Ridge, VOLSMAR: sta. DW41: H 17.7, D 10.5.

Marquesas Islands, Eiao I.: H 27.7. D 17.1.

Remarks. — Three specimens among the New Caledonian material, two from Vanuatu and three from the

Marquesas Islands agree with Distorsio graceiellae , previously recorded from the Philippine Islands only. These

specimens share with D. euconstricta the distinctive characters of very small maximum size (holotype of D.

graceiellae H 30.7, but rarely over 25 mm high) and the sharp ridge on the base of the inner lip, separated from the

columellar base by a slit only about 1 mm wide. D. graceiellae differs from D. euconstricta in its horizontal sutural

ramp (on the inflated area to the left of the aperture, in conventional apertural view) and much more sharply angled

periphery, formed by a narrow, elevated group of four of Five narrow, closely spaced spiral cords, followed below by

a narrow, weakly contracted zone without prominent spiral sculpture, followed again by a single protruding cord.

The most obvious difference, though, on initial examination, is in coloration: D. graceiellae is generally whitish

(i.e. paler than the uniform salmon orange D. euconstricta ), with the aperture and columellar shield a pale,

translucent yellow to pale yellowish brown, and diffuse pale brown to medium red-brown zones around the suture,

around the narrow peripheral contracted zone, and over the neck of the last whorl. These differences seem consistent

in the material I have examined, particularly in a large lot of both species from the Philippine Islands in AMS.

Distorsio habei Lewis, 1972

Figs 60 a-h

Distorsio constricta habei Lewis, 1972: 38, figs 4, 10, 38, 49.

?Persona djunggranganensis Martin, 1916: 242, pi. 2, fig. 41.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

189

Distorsio (Rhysema) yagenaensis Noda, 1980: 16. pi. 7. figs 14 a-b.

Distorsio (Rhysema) kotakai Ogasawara & Morita, 1990: 26, pi. 1. figs 1 a-d, 2 a-d.

Distorsio constricta habei - Beu, 1978: 38, figs 28-29. — Beu, 1985: 62. fig. 32. — Springsteen& Leobrera, 1986: 117. pi. 32. fig. 4.

Distorsio habei - Henning & Hemmen. 1993: 141. pi. 28. fig. 2. — Wilson, 1993: 239. fig. in text (not pi. 40. figs 20 a-b. which show D.

reticularis]. — Kronenberg. 1994: 77, fig. 15; pi. 3, fig. 1.

?Distorsio cijunggranganensis - Emerson & Puffer, 1953: 99.

Distorsio perdistorta - Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Distorsio pi. I. figs 9-10.

TYPE DATA. — Distorsio habei : holotype ANSP 325380. from Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan (Lewis, 1972:

44); 1 paratype, DMNH 50943. — Persona cijunggranganensis: holotype RMNH 9818 (Figs 60 a-b), from "G.

Spelong, Java", Late Miocene, West Progo Mountains. — Distorsio yagenaensis : holotype in Institute of

Geoscience, University of Tsukuba, Japan, no. IGUT 10470, from locality 33411, cliff about 1 km northeast of

Ihara, Sashiki-mura, Shimajiri-gun, southeastern Okinawa, from the Pliocene Shinzato Formation (Noda, 1980:

4). — Distorsio kotakai : holotype IGPS 100052 (Fig. 60 c), largest paratype IGPS 100053, from Hirose River bed

150 m upstream from railway bridge, Yanagawa, Fukushima Pref., N.E. Honshu, Japan, from the Middle Miocene

Yanagawa Formation.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta.

329. 335.

New Caledonia, bathus I: sta. CP669. — halipro 1: sta. CP852.

North of New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DW163. — bathus 4:

sta. CP907. — halical 1: sta. DW04.

Norfolk Ridge, biocal: sta. DW64, DW65. — musorstom 4: sta.

DW227. — CHALCAL 2: sta. DW69. DW70. DW7I. — smib 1: sta.

DW6 (Figs 60 f-g). — smib 3: sta. DW8. DWI4. DW20. — smib 4:

sta. DW40, DW41, DW44. DW49 (Fig. 60 e), DW51. DW53.

DW57. — SMIB 5: sta. DW73. DW74, DW75. DW76. DW85.

DW87, DW90, DW91. DW92, DW93, DW94, DW95, DW101.

DW103. — smib 8: sta. DWI54. DWI57. DW158, DW159.

DW160. DW163. DW165. DW170-172. DWI82 (Fig. 60 d).

DW185, DW187, DW190. — smib 10: sta. DW208. — beryx 11: sta.

DW11, CP 16. DWI8. CP23. DW40. CP44. — bathus 2: sta.

DW749.

Loyally Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW399. DW444. DW451.

DW452, CP455. DW480. — calsub: dive 9.

New Hebrides Arc. volsmar: sta. DW7. DW9, DW39. — smib 9:

sta. DW 1 6.

Confirmed local depth range 200-380 m.

Other material examined. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CP 1031. I7°53' S. I68°33' E, 310 m (1). — Sta. CP 1084, I5°50' S,

167° 17’ E. 207-280 m(l).

Eastern Australia. Off Cape Moreton. southern Queensland (2.

Whitehead Colin).

DISTRIBUTION. — Distorsio habei occurs uncommonly throughout the western Pacific, from Boso

Peninsula, Honshu, Japan, south to New Caledonia and Vanuatu, and to southern Queensland, Australia, and

eastwards to Hawaii (BEU, 1987: figs 146, 150). Most material seen is from the Philippine Islands.

DIMENSIONS. — Persona cijunggranganensis (holotype): H 21.7, D 14.9. - Distorsio yagenaensis

(holotype): H 39.5, D 24.4. - Distorsio kotakai (holotype): H 32.9, D 19.5. - SMIB 1: sta. DW6, largest New

Caledonian specimen: H 58.9. D 35.1.

REMARKS. — Distorsio habei is the most common Distorsio species in the MNHN/ORSTOM collections

reported here, which reflects the intensity of deep-water sampling around New Caledonia and the Loyalty Islands, as

D. habei is among the least common of Distorsio species in collections from the Philippine Islands. This

abundance of material allows a better appreciation of the characters and variation of D. habei than previously has

been possible, as well as more satisfactory comparison with D. euconstricta and D. graceiellae.

An important character is that no specimens of D. habei , of whatever size or degree of apertural secretion,

have the basal constricting ridge inside the outer lip, separated from the columellar base by only a narrow slit, that

characterises D. euconstricta and D. graceiellae. Apart from this difference, small specimens of D. habei resemble

adult D. graceiellae in a number of characters: (1) the very marked coiling distortion is brought about by the very

enlarged, excentric bulge to the left of the aperture (in conventional apertural view), a raised zone of four narrow,

closely spaced cords producing a particularly elevated, wide peripheral protrusion; (2) a narrow constricted zone

without prominent spiral sculpture follows below the peripheral raised zone; (3) five narrow, finely nodulous,

relatively closely spaced spiral cords occupy the rest of the base, and are separated from the cords on the anterior

canal by another narrow constricted zone lacking obvious sculpture. D. habei differs from D. graceiellae in its less

horizontal and less markedly concave sutural ramp, in its very straight, narrow, elevated basal columellar ridge

bearing unusually short transverse nodules, separated from the columellar by a much more strongly concave

smooth area than in all other Distorsio species, in its wide, flattened lower area of the outer lip. bearing long,

narrow transverse ridges, and in the more prominent, more obviously nodulous spiral ridge in the centre of the mid-

columellar embayment.

190

ALAN G. BEU

Martin's (1916) Javanese Miocene fossil Persona djunggrananensis shares almost all these characters with

D. habei. Unfortunately, the holotype (Figs 60 a-b) is a calcite neomorph of a juvenile shell lacking the tip of the

anterior canal and the outer margin of the outer lip, and so is difficult to compare with modem specimens identified

as D. habei. However, it clearly has an elevated peripheral zone of four narrow, closely spaced spiral cords, followed

below by a narrow constricted zone, followed below by five spiral cords, separated in turn from the canal by a

further constricted zone. It also lacks the constricting ridge of the basal interior of the outer lip seen in D.

euconstricta and D. graceiellae. The single character distinguishing it from D. habei is the anterior canal deviating

to the left, rather than rigidly straight, and the corresponding difference in shape of the base of the outer lip. Until

more material from the Miocene of Java can be compared with modern specimens, it seems better to regard D.

djunggranganensis as potentially an extinct but closely related Miocene species, rather than an earlier name for D.

habei.

Distorsio yagenaensis was based on a single incomplete specimen from the Pliocene Shinzato Formation of

Okinawa. Casts of the holotype kindly sent by Dr H. Noda show that most of its distinctive characters result from

the lack of the basal columeilar elevated, nodulous ridge, which has been broken off in this specimen. It shares

with D. habei almost all the characters listed above, the only difference being that the spiral cords are more evenly

spaced around the periphery than in modern D. habei specimens I have seen. Again, examination of a greater range

of more complete, large specimens will help to confirm or deny the apparent synonymy of D. yagenaensis with D.

habei.

Distorsio kotakai was based on a complete, small specimen (holotype; Fig. 60 c) and 4 incomplete or

juvenile specimens, all from the Middle Miocene Yanagawa Formation at the Hirose River, Yanagawa,

northeastern Honshu. Japan. Photographs kindly sent by Dr Ogasawara and the illustrations by Ogasawara &

Morita (1990: pi. 1, figs 1-2) show conclusively that this material agrees in all characters with immature D.

habei.

Lewis (1972) and most subsequent authors (including me, previously) regarded D. habei as a geographic-

subspecies of the Panamic western American D. constricta (Broderip, 1833). The western Atlantic D. macgintyi

Emerson & Puffer. 1952 has been regarded as a further subspecies in this complex by many authors. The

recognition by Parth (1989b) that both D. constricta, with a chequerboard-pattemed columeilar shield, and D.

minoruohnishii Parth, 1989, with a plain columeilar shield, inhabit the Panamic province has forced a

reassessment of relationships in this group of species. It seems preferable to me (as it did to Parth. 1989b) to

treat forms in this complex as distinct species, at least until something more definite is known of their

phylogenetic relationships.

Another useful aspect of the large New Caledonian-Loyalty Islands collections of Distorsio habei is their

demonstration that the moderately large, inflated specimens normally seen from the Philippine Islands, with a

strongly curved outline of the outer lip margin, do in fact grow into the markedly larger and somewhat narrower

form recorded under this name from the southwest Pacific by BEU (1978: 38, figs 28-29; 1987: fig. 149). While

Philippines material rarely seems to reach the larger maximum size of more southerly large shells (largest from

New Caledonia: H 58.9) I have no doubt that all western Pacific specimens belong in one species.

Distorsio kurzi Petuch & Harasewych, 1980

Figs 58 n, 59 c-h

Distorsio (Rhysema) kurzi Petuch & Harasewych, 1980: 7, figs 1-2.

Distorsio kurzi - Habe, 1983: 82. fig. — Beu, 1985: 62. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 117, pi. 31, fig. 3. — Henning & Hemmen. 1993:

143, pi. 28, fig. 1. — Kronenberg, 1994: 84, fig. 17; pi. 1, figs 4, 9; pi. 2. fig. 12.

Type data. — Holotype usnm 783780, from off Balicasag Island, Bohol, Philippines; paratypes usnm

783931, same locality.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW109.

New Caledonia, lagon: sia. 374 (Figs 58 n, 59 c), 983.

Confirmed local depth range 64-70 m.

Other material examined. — I list here the Recent

specimens 1 have seen from localities outside the Philippine Islands.

In addition, a Pleistocene fossil specimen of Distorsio kurzi is

present in usnm collections from the Kere River, southern Espiritu

Santo, Vanuatu: and a Late Pliocene fossil from Fiji, new road of

Prince’s Road, behind Dilkusha. Nausori; Nakasi Sandstone, coll.

K.J. Gilchrist, 1988, is present in ams (C301896).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

191

Maidive Islands. Coll. Dov Peled. Dee. 1978 (I NMP H7529.

Fig. 59 h).

South Africa. Off Durban. Natal, 29°50.2' S, 31°12.3* E.

95 m. dredged R.V. "Meiring Naude", sta. XXI13. 9 July

1986 (I Iv adult, nmp D4048). — Natal, dredged off Park Rynie.

100 m, coll. R. Kilbum. 5 March 1981 (1 lv adult, nmp unreg..

Fig. 59 d).

.South China Sea. South China Sea near Nha Trang. Vietnam, pres.

L. Neth. 1968-1970 (I LACM 1IOI25).

Papua-New Guinea. New Guinea, pres. E. Albi (1 lacm 90916).

DISTRIBUTION. — Distorsio kurzi is recorded in the living fauna only from the Philippine Islands, from

Natal. South Africa, from the Maidive Islands, from the South China Sea off Vietnam, from New Guinea, from

New Caledonia and the Coral Sea, and from southern Japan (Habe, 1983) but presumably occurs rarely throughout

the Indo-West Pacific province between these extremes. Fossils are recorded here from Fiji and Vanuatu.

DIMENSIONS. — Off Punta Engano, Mactan I.. Cebu. Philippines, F.J. Springsteen Colin, largest seen

(Fig. 59 g): H 60.3. D 35.0. - New Caledonia, LAGON: sta. 374: H 41.2, D 25.8. - South Africa, off Park Rynie:

H 44.3, D 26.1.

REMARKS. — Distorsio kurzi is immediately recognisable by its uniform mid-brown to dark brown colour,

including the aperture, and by its extreme distortion. In shape, sculpture and distortion it might be described as

"u\ira-habei'\ as it has the same protruding peripheral group of spiral cords, followed below by a narrow

constriction, followed below by five spiral cords, separated from the canal by another constriction, seen in D. habei

and closely related species, but differs in having up to seven narrow cords-on the peripheral band (the number

increases as the shell grows), in having a markedly taller and narrower spire, and in the distorted, excentric bulge to

the left of the aperture (in conventional apertural view) being even larger and more prominent and so inducing a

more marked eccentricity of coiling than in any other species.

Distorsio kurzi has become relatively common in museum collections from the Philippine Islands (40

specimens in NZGS) but specimens from any other localities are exceedingly rare. Nine specimens listed above from

localities other than the Philippine Islands show that the species is more widespread than was at first supposed, and

that living specimens have long, pale brown periostracal bristles on the nodules around the peripheral band.

Distorsio parvimpedita sp. nov.

Figs 58 j, 61 a-f, 62

Type data. — Holotype (Figs 58 j, 61 a-b) mnhn. Northeastern New Caledonia, channel northeast of

Banc de Touho, EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1260, 20°44' S, 165° 14' E, 49-59 m. collected alive (only

specimen at this station).

New Caledonia records (all paratypes). — New'

Caledonia, lagon: sta. 139 (2), 143 (4). 144 (I). 414 ( I), 570 (1).

637 (1). 679 (1), 699 (I), 711 (2), 788 (I). 813 (1), 814 (I), 824 (I).

833 (22; 19 mnhn (Figs 61 c-f). 3 nzgs WM15623). 850 (I).

These 16 lots (42 specimens) were collected in 25 to 70 m, but only

the holotype seems to have been collected alive. D. parvimpedita

was collected with D. reticularis at two stations, but is potentially

widely sympatric with D. reticularis in New Caledonia.

DISTRIBUTION. — Distorsio parvimpedita is apparently restricted to New Caledonia, where available

samples suggest it ranges from the mid-northern coast near Touho south to the Noumea area and lie des Pins (Fig.

62). All material has been dredged on offshore soft substrates in 25 to 70 m.

DESCRIPTION. — Shell small for genus (adults 35-38 mm high), short and wide, with moderately short

spire, strongly and evenly inflated whorls (/.<?., lacking a clearly defined shoulder angle), relatively rapidly

contracted base, and moderately short, almost straight anterior siphonal canal, inclined slightly to left for most of

its length but opening to right at extremity in most specimens. Teleoconch coiling moderately eccentric; with

more marked, evenly rounded inflated region following each varix and weakly inflated area before succeeding varix.

Varices present at each 0.66 whorls, low and indistinct on early whorls, last 2 each raised into prominent thin

flange to form widened outer lip. Sculpture of relatively low, narrow but clearly raised and sharply defined, widely

spaced spiral cords, 3 on early spire whorls, 4 on more inflated areas of penultimate whorl, and 14-15 on last

whorl, base and canal; evenly and regularly spaced over most of surface, progressively lower and more closely

spaced over base and canal than higher up, with one wider interspace between uppermost 2 cords, defining a weak

sutural ramp, with narrow, secondary median cord in uppermost interspace on most specimens; crossed by narrow

axial costae of similar prominence and spacing to spiral cords, 21 on each of last 2 intervarical intervals on

192

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 61. — Distorsio species. — a-f, Distorsio parvimpedita sp. nov., New Caledonia, all xl.5. a-b, holotype,

EXPEDITION montrouzier: sta. 1260, channel northeast of Touho Bank. 49-59 m. c-f, 3 paratypes. LAGON: sta.

833, near Poindimie, 52-70 m. — g-k. Distorsio decipiens (Reeve), g. NZGS WM13085, Samar, Philippines.

xl.5. h-i, MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW204, Norfolk Ridge, 120 m, xl.5. j-k. NZGS WMI5616, Balicasag I.,

Philippines, xl.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURS1DAE AND PERS0N1DAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

193

holotype, forming low nodules at intersections with spiral cords and forming overall evenly cancellate appearance.

Interspaces crossed by many very weak spiral and axial lirae. Aperture widely flared into nearly flat shield: outer lip

extended into flat flange, with 10-11 prominent narrow nodules on inner edge, third from adapical end largest, most

or all extended into low, narrow, radial ridge across ventral face of lip flange. Inner lip extended into wide, very thin

shield over previous whorl, up to and across suture on most specimens and covering penultimate varix on all

adults, raised into wide, indented collar over neck: lower columella raised into very prominent, toothed ridge

descending left edge of siphonal canal, bearing 8-10 prominent, narrowly rounded, transverse ridges decreasing in

size anteriorly; single prominent transverse ridge in centre of columellar embayment; single very prominent parietal

ridge extending towards most prominent tooth of outer lip, to constrict narrow posterior apertural sinus: inner lip

plate extremely thin, prominently cancellated by sculpture of previous whorl, thickened only over 1-3 nodules in

row above parietal ridge. Colour uniform pale cream to pale golden brown, exterior of terminal varix pale reddish

brown crossed by markedly paler spiral cords; aperture pale orange, darkening gradually to bright orange-brown on

outer part of outer lip face and opposite lower columellar toothed ridge, all apertural ridges and teeth prominent

white. Protoconch small, turbiniform, of ca 2.5 strongly inflated whorls, smooth and polished, closely similar to

those of D. reticularis and D. decipiens but a little shorter.

Fig. 62. — Distribution of Distorsio parvimpedita sp. nov.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 35.5, D 22.2; paratype, LAGON: sta. 824, H 34.9. D 22.7; paratypes. sta.

833: H 38.5, D 23.5; H 35.8, D 24.1; H 35.9, D 22.8.

REMARKS. — It is astonishing that an apparently endemic New Caledonian Distorsio species was

recognised at a late stage of this project; the bright orange aperture of the holotype brought it to my attention and

led to its recognition among other material previously confused with immature D. reticularis. The astonishing

aspect is its apparent restriction to New Caledonia; almost all other Distorsio species are wide-ranging, at least

from New Caledonia to the Philippines, but D. parvimpedita presumably would have been recognised long ago in

194

ALAN G. BEU

the Philippines if it occurred there ( D. ventricosa seems to be limited to the Philippine Islands and at least two

species, D. muehlhaeusseri and D. somalica, are recorded only from the western Indian Ocean, but the other New

Caledonian Distorsio species are wide-ranging).

The most distinctive characters of Distorsio parvimpedita sp. nov. are its unusually small maximum size

(rarely exceeding 35 mm in height), its short, wide shape, its evenly cancellate sculpture and evenly rounded

whorls, and its coarsely cancellate apertural shield. It perhaps most closely resembles a dwarf D. clathrata (Lamarck.

1816). from the Western Atlantic. The evenly rounded whorls, evenly cancellate sculpture, and thin, cancellate

apertural shield raised into a thin, irregularly flexed collar over the neck are characters shared with D. clathrata , and

are precisely those that distinguish it from the most nearly similar Pacific species, D. decipiens and D. reticularis.

The bright orange-brown aperture of the holotype might well be another distinctive character of D. parvimpedita.

but needs to be verified from more live-collected specimens. The empty shells in LAGON samples have presumably

faded, but all seem to have been paler than the holotype. Brightly coloured individuals, with a more colourful

apertural shield than the usual pale form, occur in several Distorsio species, particularly D. clathrata and Japanese

specimens of D. decipiens. so this is conceivably an individual character of the holotype of D. parvimpedita.

The protoconch of D. parvimpedita is only slightly shorter than those of D. decipiens and D. reticularis.

That of D. clathrata. in contrast, is significantly larger and markedly taller than in all three of these Pacific species,

although essentially similar. The protoconchs of all Distorsio species are remarkably similar, and the subtle

differences seem insufficient to explain the larval life differences implied by the vast differences in range between,

for example, D. reticularis (throughout the Indo-West Pacific and the Red Sea) and D. parvimpedita (apparently

limited to New Caledonia).

D. parvimpedita lacks the thin interior ridge at the base of the outer lip, extending almost to the inner lip,

that characterises the previously named "dwarf" species D. euconstricta and D. graceiellae . It seems not to be

closely related to these other small species. The close resemblance of D. parvimpedita to D. clathrata possibly

implies a close phylogenetic relationship between them. However, it seems more likely that this resemblance is

superficial, and that D. parvimpedita developed through a heterochronic process, such as paedomorphosis. from a

restricted population (for instance, during a glacial period) of one of the other Pacific Distorsio species, perhaps D.

reticularis.

Distorsio perdistorta Fulton, 1938

Figs 59 i-1

Distorsio perdistorta Fulton, 1938: 55, pi. 13, figs 3-3a.

Distorsio horrida Kuroda in Oyama & Takemura, 1959: Distorsio pi. 1, figs 11-12 (nomen nudum).

Distorsio (Rhysema) horrida Kuroda & Habe in Habe, 1961: 46, pi. 23, fig. 3. append, p. 17.

Distorsio peridistorta (sic) - Smith. 1948: 22, fig. 11

Distorsio perdistorta - Emerson & Puffer. 1953: 102. — Lewis, 1972: 34. figs 1.3. 5-7. 11-34. — Abboit. 1974: 166. fig. 1774. — Nordsieck

& Garcia-Talavera. 1979: 120, pi. 25. fig. 15 [as "D. decussatus" in fig. caption|. — Garcia-Taeavera. 1983: 117. — Beu, 1985:

62, fig. 33. — Rios, 1985: 78. pi. 28, fig. 342. — Springsteen & Leobrera, 1986: 118, pi. 32, figs 5 a-b. — Garcia-Talavera, 1987:

253. pi. 2. fig. 8.— Lai. 1989: 127. fig. 56. — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 145. pi. 30, fig. 4. — Kronenberg. 1994: 88, fig. 20: pi. 3,

fig. 2.

NOT Distorsio perdistorta - Oyama & Takemura. 1959: Distorsio pi. I. figs 9-10 1= D. habei].

Distorsio (Rhysema) horrida - Habe. 1964: 74. pi. 23. fig. 3.

Distorsio (Rhysema) perdistorta - Okutani, 1986: 115. lower left fig. — Robba et at., 1989: 77.

Type DATA. — Distorsio perdistorta : holotype BMNH 1938.7.13.13, from "Kii, Japan". — Distorsio

(Rhysema) horrida: holotype and 1 paratype NSMT 39788, from Tosa Bay, Shikoku, Japan (Habe, 1964: 74).

New Caledonia records. — New Caledonia, halipro 1: — bathus 3: sta. DW838.

sta. CP850. Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW428 (Figs 59 k-1), DW487.

North of New Caledonia, bathus 4: sta. DW902, CP906. These 8 lots were collected in 260-540 m. alive in 350-420 m.

Norfolk Ridge, smib 8: sta. DW187. — bathus 2: sta. DW729.

Distribution. — As noted below, Distorsio perdistorta appears likely to occur throughout the Indo-West

Pacific between Natal, South Africa, Tosa Bay, Japan and New Caledonia, although there are as yet no records from

further east in the Pacific. The single western American record (see below) needs confirmation. In the Atlantic, it is

recorded from Florida to southern Brazil, off the Canary Islands, and in the Gulf of Guinea.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

195

DIMENSIONS. — Distorsio perdistorta (holotype): H 59.8, D 35.9. - D. horrida (holotype): H 58.9, D 35.0.

- Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW428: H 47.1. D 28.5. - HALIPRO 1: sta. CP850: H 69.7, D 40.4.

REMARKS. — Distorsio perdistorta has turned out to be an almost circum-tropical species, so it is not

surprising that it was collected at 9 localities around New Caledonia. However, it is one of the least common

Distorsio species in this area. LEWIS (1972) clarified the confusion in Japanese literature between D. perdistorta and

D. habei , providing the name D. habei for the species previously known incorrectly as D. perdistorta. Distorsio

perdistorta is recognisable by its reasonably consistent white aperture (the parietal shield is partly pale to medium

red-brown in some specimens in most populations), consistent stark white exterior, strongly excentric coiling with

a large but evenly rounded bulge to the left of the aperture (in conventional apertural view), regularly cancellate

teleoconch sculpture without the four grouped peripheral spiral cords of D. kurzi, D. habei, D. euconstricta and D.

graceiellae , or the more closely spaced peripheral pair of cords of D. decipiens , its very straight anterior canal with a

long, anteriorly decreasing row of nodules on the basal columellar ridge (similar to the ridges of D. kurzi. D.

decipiens and D. habei ) and its wide outer lip bearing narrow, long transverse ridges as in D. habei , but more

consistently having a strongly out-curved right margin than in Z). habei. The whole effect is of a humped but rather

roundly oval, evenly reticulate shell, most specimens of which are plain white. The very long, black pcriostracal

bristles of some specimens were illustrated by Lewis (1972) and ABBOTT (1974).

Specimens of D. perdistorta have now been seen or have been recorded from off Natal, South Africa (NMP

B3813; Fig. 59 j), off Madagascar (MNHN), from the Philippine Islands (many in museums and private

collections), from southern Japan, from the Loyalty Ridge and Norfolk Ridge, near New Caledonia (see above),

from "near Oaxaca, West Mexico, 1987" (NZGS WM15105, pres. M. Parth; this single western American record

cannot be accepted without confirmation), from off Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico (Lewis, 1972) and off

southern Brazil (Rios, 1985), in the eastern Atlantic off the Canary Islands (NORDS1ECK & Garcia-Talavera,

1979; Garcia-Talavera 1983, 1987) and in the Gulf of Guinea (usnm 762002, "La Rafale" transect 12, sta. 6,

6°56‘ N. 12°05'30" W, 100 m; Fig. 59 i). It appears likely that D. perdistorta occurs throughout the Indo-West

Pacific province as well as throughout the warm-water Atlantic Ocean, in about 100 to 500 m. ROBBA et al.

(1989: 77) recorded D. perdistorta as a Plio-Pleistocene fossil from Timor, but did not illustrate their material.

Distorsio reticularis (Linne, 1758)

Figs 58 I, 63 f-k, 64 a-g

Murex reticularis Linne, 1758: 749 (in part).

Distorsio reticulata Roding, 1798: 133.

Distorta acuta Perry, 1811: pi. 10, fig. 1.

Murex mulus Dillwyn, 1817: 704.

Nassail) lamonganana Martin, 1884: 145, pi. 7, fig. 128.

Persona metableta Cossmann, 1903a: 159, pi. 6. figs 4-5.

Distorsio francesae Iredale, 1931: 213. pi. 23, fig. 2.

Persona (Distorsio) reticulata kueneni Koperberg, 1931: 118.

Murex reticularis - Linne. 1767: 1218.

Distorsio (Distorsio) reticularis - Beu, 1987: 314, figs 151-152.

Distorsio reticularis - HENNING & Hemmen, 1993: 146. pi. 27. figs 3-4. 6. — Kronenberg. 1994: 90. fig. 21; pi. 1, figs 8. 12 a-b; pi. 3. figs 7-9;

pi. 4. fig. 3. — Bosch etal., 1995: 101. fig. 367.

Persona reticulata - Martin. 1899: 145. pi. 23. fig. 336. —Tesch, 1915: 69. pi. 82. fig. 151. — Martin, 1919: 122, 130, 141. 145

Distorsio reticulata - Emerson & Puffer, 1953: 102. — Rippingale & McMichael. 1961: 68. pi. 7, lig. 13. — Kira. 1962: 55, pi. 22, tig. 10. —

Cernohorsky. 1967a: 324. pi. 45. fig. 24; 1967b: 56. pi. 6. fig. 24. — Hinton, 1972: 12. pi. 13. fig. 2; 1978: 30, figs 2-2a. — Bosch et

al., 1982: 81, lowest fig. — Beu, 1985: 62. — Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 117. pi. 32, figs la-e. — Short & Potter, 1987: 48.

pi. 23. fig. 8. — Salvat et al.. 1988: 103. pi. 13, fig. 9. — Lai, 1989: 127, figs 57-59. — Wilson, 1993: 239. pi. 40. figs 22 a-b [and

figs 20 a-b].

Distorsio (Distorsio) reticulatus reticulatus - Shlto, 1969: 90. pi. 4. fig. 8.

Distorsio (Rhysema) reticulata - Kuroda et al., 1971: 128, pi. 28. fig. 3. — Okutani, 1986: 114-115. central fig.

Persona reticulata var. subclathrata - Vredenburc., 1922: 332.

Distorsio reticulata var. subelethrata (sic) - Cotter. 1938: 90.

Murex cancellinus - de Roissy, 1805: 56 (not of Lamarck. 1803).

Triton cancellinus - Reeve, 1844a: pi. 12. fig. 45. — Dey. 1962: 74 (not of Lamarck. 1803).

Persona cancellina - Kobelt, 1876a: 49; 1878b: 370 (not of Lamarck. 1803).

Distorsio cancellinus - Tryon, 1880: 35, pi. 17, figs 175-178 (in part; not of Lamarck, 1803).

Distorsio cancellina - Altena, 1942: 105 (not of Lamarck, 1803).

Source

196

ALAN G. BEU

FlG. 63. — Distorsio species.— a-e. Distorsio decipiens (Reeve), a-b, NMP B2594. trawled off Durban. South Africa,

220 m, xl.5. c-d. lectotype of Triton decipiens Reeve. 1844. BMNH 1984162/1, "Island of Mindanao",

Philippines, xl. e. LAGON: sta. 745, New Caledonia, 78-80 m. xl.5.— f-k, Distorsio reticularis (Linne). all xl.

f-g, NMP H3377. Conducia Bay. Mozambique, h-i. MNHN, Hot Bampton, Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau, Coral

Sea, 18 m. j, specimen in Fig. 58 1. k. Dahlak 1.. Red Sea, 80 m. Dov Peled Colin.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE. BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

197

Distorsio frcmcescie - Iredale & McMiCHAEL. 1962: 54.

Distorsio habei - Wilson, 1993: pi. 40, figs 20 a-b (only).

Type data. — Murex reticularis : lectotype (designated by BEU, 1987: figs 151-152) in Linnean Society of

London. This specimen is here also designated the neotype of Distorsio reticulata . and the neotype of Distorta

acuta. The type locality was designated by Kronenberg (1994: 90) as Ambon Island (Amboina), eastern

Indonesia. Five additional paralectotypes of Murex reticularis are present in the Linne Colin of the Uppsala

University Zoological Museum (nos. 698 a-b, 1621. and 1624 a-b: Wallin, 1993: 78). — Murex mulus :

lectotype designated by Dean (1936: 231) in National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (A. Trew, letter 7 Jan. 1997;

accession no. NMW. 1928.82.15); according to Dean (1936: 231) this is a specimen of Distorsio "cancellinus

Roissy", i.e., D. reticularis. — Nassa(l) lamonganana : type not seen, presumably in RMNH, from the Miocene of

Java. — Persona metableta : type not seen; from the Pliocene of Karikal. India (whereabouts not known to me. not

in Laboratoire de Paleontologie, MNHN; not in Centre des Sciences de la Terre, Universite Claude Bernard. Lyon).

— Distorsio francesae: holotype AMS C57795, from "Triton" dredgings in Sydney Harbour. New South Wales,

Australia. — Persona (Distorsio) reticulata kueneni : type not seen, whereabouts not known to me; from the

Pliocene of Timor.

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. chalcal 1: Hot

Bampton (Figs 63 h-i). — corail 2: sta. CP23.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 55 (Fig. 58 1), 315, 316. 339, 488. 524.

526, 529, 534. 535, 541,542, 598, 604, 633, 824, 833. 905, 936. 937.

941.995, 1024, 1025, 1032. 1068. 1069. 1115, 1116. 1155. 1157,

1160, 1163. 1174. 1181. 1182. 1190. 1206. 1208.— expedition

montrolzier: sta. 13T9 (Figs 64 a-g). 1321.

These 42 lots were collected in 14 to 115 m, and specimens were

taken alive throughout this range.

DISTRIBUTION. — Distorsio reticularis occurs commonly throughout most of the Indo-West Pacific

province, although there are no records from Hawaii (Kay, 1979). It is recorded from Natal, South Africa (NMP

188. Durban Bluff, leg. H.C. Burnup). throughout the Indian Ocean and Red Sea (Fig. 63 k), and in the western

Pacific archipelagoes as far north as Sagami Bay, Honshu, Japan, and as far south as Sydney Harbour, New South

Wales, Australia. Distorsio reticularis is also a common Miocene to Pleistocene fossil throughout the western

Pacific, from the Ryukyu Islands and Taiwan to Vanuatu (Espiritu Santo I.) and Indonesia.

Dimensions. — New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 55: H 70.4, D 42.1; sta. 529: H. 62.6 (anterior canal

incomplete), D 38.6; sta. 1206: H 58.0, D 34.2. - Coral Sea, Hot Bampton: H 62.7, D 36.2.

Remarks. — Distorsio reticularis is much the most abundant and widespread of Indo-West Pacific

Distorsio species, occurring in about 20 to 100 m on soft substrates, i.e. in shallower water than all other species

other than D. anus. It is very variable in size, shape, coloration and minor sculptural details, but is recognisable by

its very generalised Distorsio characters, with a moderately long anterior siphonal canal directed to the left (in

conventional apertural orientation), a rather steeply sloping sutural ramp, a moderately tall spire, and sculpture of

narrow, relatively evenly reticulate spiral cords and axial costae, with two more closely grouped peripheral spiral

cords but not the wide zone of grouped cords of most other New Caledonian Distorsio species. The only other

species occurring in New Caledonia that have evenly reticulate sculpture are D. perdistorta , which is easily

distinguished from D. reticularis by its much more distorted coiling, its more rounded whorls lacking the weak

peripheral shoulder of most D. reticularis , and its marked, evenly convex bulge to the left of the aperture, and D.

parvimpedita sp. nov., which is much smaller and has still more evenly spaced cords than D. reticularis. A juvenile

specimen collected during EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER is remarkable for its enormously elaborated periostracum on

the teleoconch, and for displaying the type of protoconch periostracal bristles previously recorded only by LaURSEN

(1981: figs 42-43, pi. 2, figs 6 a-b) from planktonic juveniles (Figs 64 a-g).

BEU (1987: 314, figs 151-156) illustrated LlNNE's (1758) three syntypes of Murex reticularis , and selected

as the lectotype a specimen of the common Indo-West Pacific species more usually known in recent years as D.

reticulata. Linne's name Murex reticularis has been applied to a wide variety of species since its proposal, but one

of its most common applications is to the present Distorsio species, and in ALTENA's (1942: 105) long synonymy

of usages for Indo-West Pacific Neogene fossils, it is clear that one of the names most commonly applied to the

species is D. reticularis.

The other name most consistently applied to this species last century and early this century was D.

cancellinus "de Roissy", but DE ROISSY (1805: 56) wrongly adopted a name proposed by LAMARCK (1803) for a

European fossil Distorsio specimen. Although Lamarck's illustration of Murex cancellinus (Palmer, 1977: pi. 4,

198

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 64. — Distorsio reticularis (Linne), juvenile, SEM micrographs, EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER: sta. 1319, Passe Deverd,

New Caledonia, 15-20 m; a. x9; b-c. xl7; d. x4.2; e. x24; f. x36: g. x34.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

199

figs 11 a-b) appears to be based on a Recent specimen of D. clathrata, this was probably substituted as more

complete (or larger, etc.) than the holotype. DESHAYES (1865: 302-303), discussing Paris Basin Triton species, said

that "among them does not figure Triton clathratum , cited from Grignon [Calcaire Grossier, Lutetian, early Middle

Eocene] by Lamarck. The late Professor Richard possessed in his collection a fossil shell exactly identical to that

which lives now in the southern seas; this shell came from Grignon, according to its owner. Lamarck mentioned it

in the Annales, under the name Mur ex cancellinus, and in his "Animaux sans vertebres" under that of clathratum.

This precious shell passed from the collection of Richard to that of our old and honorable friend M. Duchastel, it is

now in our hands. Firstly we can affirm that it definitely did not come from Grignon, it has not the proper colour

of fossils from that celebrated locality. For 40 years another individual has not been found of so remarkable a fossil

... nowhere in the Paris Basin has the least trace been found. It is then very probable that this species is another of

those which definitively must be crossed out of the catalogue of our Parisian fossils. Perhaps this shell came from

the yellow sands of Astezan", i.e ., the type Astian (Late Pliocene) of Asti, northern Italy. If this is so, D.

cancellina (Lamarck, 1803) is probably an earlier name for the common European Neogene species usually known

as D. tortuosa (Borson, 1821).

The other names listed in the synonymy all appear to be based on specimens differing in only trivial

characters from the common D. reticularis. Nassa (?) lamonganana is apparently based on a juvenile D. reticularis ,

as Martin (1899: 45) himself later realised, but unfortunately I have not seen the holotype (which indicates that it

had been recatalogued under D. reticularis when I examined the collection in RMNH). Persona metableta and

Distorsio francesae were based on normal, if short and wide, specimen of D. reticularis. ALTENA (1942: 105, fig.

3) proposed a "variety" D. cancellina denseplicata , which is one of few really distinctive forms. The holotype

(examined in RMNH), from the Pliocene Kendeng beds of Java, has very elevated, wide, closely spaced spiral cords

unlike those of any Recent species I am aware of, and this appears to be a distinctive, extinct fossil species, an

opinion echoed by KRONENBERG (1994: 100).

Genus Distorsomina gen. nov.

Type species: Distorsio pusilla Pease, 1861, Recent, Indo-West Pacific.

Diagnosis. —Teleoconch small (to about 12.5 mm high), tall and narrow for family, with long, narrow

aperture. Coiling weakly but obviously excentric. Inner lip without expanded callus over previous whorl. Interior

of outer lip with uppermost denticle the most prominent, apart from minute denticle in posterior notch of some

specimens. Base of inner lip lacking expanded, hollow nodulous ridge, protruding to right into aperture, of

Distorsio , but instead having a much higher-placed row of 4-5 short, well raised, transverse ridges, situated slightly

obliquely on outer part of mid-columellar callus. Varices narrow, prominent, present down whole teleoconch.

REMARKS. — The generic position of Distorsio pusilla has long been in doubt. When proposing

Personopsis gen. nov. for the species of Personidae previously placed in the ranellid subgenus Sassia (Personella), I

noted (BEU, 1988: 91) that another genus, distinct from Personopsis , "might prove necessary" for D. pusilla. This

genus is now provided, because of the combination of several distinctive characters seen in D. pusilla.

Distorsomina pusilla differs from all Distorsio species in its much smaller size, in its narrower form, in its narrow

aperture, in lacking the expanded columellar shield, and in lacking the very prominent, nodulous basal columellar

ridge that is seen in both Distorsio and the New Zealand Late Paleocene personid Kotakaia simplex Beu. 1988

(: 92, pi. 3, figs 14-17). The prominent, nodulous basal columellar ridge, built out rapidly in Distorsio by leaving

a spiral hollow beneath it, is absent in the personid genera Distorsionella. Distorsomina and Personopsis, but low

rows of nodules that appear to be homologous are present in all these genera: a uniform row low on the columellar

base in Distorsionella , a basal columellar row decreasing anteriorly in size in Personopsis (and so more resembling

that of Distorsio than in the other genera, but not elevated on a hollow ridge), and a mid-columellar row of

relatively large, uniform, short, oblique, transverse ridges in Distorsomina. Varices before the terminal one are very

indistinct in Distorsionella, Personopsis and Kotakaia Beu, 1988, but more prominent in Distorsio and

Distorsomina. Kotakaia is rendered further distinctive by its very simple sculpture of low, wide, smooth spiral

cords, and by having regular coiling and only four extremely prominent, narrow nodules inside the outer lip.

Personopsis differs further from Distorsomina by its wide form, with a widely conical spire and wide last whorl,

tapering unusually gradually to a short, widely open siphonal canal, by having the flared inner lip shield expanded

over the previous whorl, as is also prominent in Distorsio and, again as in Distorsio , by having the second or, in

200

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 65. —Distorsomina (gen. nov.) pusilla (Pease), sem micrographs. — a-c. BENTHEDI: sta. 32. NE of He Pamanzi,

Comores Islands. Indian Ocean. 15-20 nr. a. x5.2; b. x 15; c. x30.— d-e. LAGON: sta. 830. near Poindimie, New

Caledonia. 105-110 m; d. x5.2; e. xl5. — f-k, expedition MONTROUZIER: sta. 1319. Passe Deverd. New

Caledonia, 15-20 m; f. periostracal bristle at periphery, x68; g. x52; h. x5; i. aperture, with operculum. xl5; j-k.

x30.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

201

most species, third nodule from the adapical end of the interior of the outer lip markedly enlarged compared with the

others. The two new species named below in Personopsis closely resemble the Italian Pliocene type species, P.

grcisi, and these and records (listed below) of Recent Atlantic specimens closely resembling P. grasi demonstrate

that Personopsis remains a distinctive genus in the modem fauna. The small size, narrow shape, and distinctive

apertural characters of Distorsomina pusilla demonstrate that it is distinct phylogenetically from Personopsis and

deserves its own genus.

Distorsomina pusilla (Pease, 1861)

Figs 65 a-k, 66 a-h

Distorsio pusilla Pease, 1861: 397.

Persona pusilla - KoBELT, 1878b: 370. — Kuster & KOBELT. 1878: 273.

Distorsio pusilla - Tryon, 1880: 35. — Edmondson, 1946: 123. — KurodaA Habe, 1952: 53. — Emerson & Puffer, 1953: 102. — Oyama &

Takemura, 1959: Distorsio pi. 2, figs 1-4. — Kay, 1965: 37, pi. 3, figs 15-16. — Cernohorsky, 1978a: 44. — Kay, 1979: 225. fig.

791. — Shasky, 1992: 113, figs 1-4.

Distorsio (?PersoneUa) pusilla - Cernohorsky, 1975: 215. figs 5-9.

Distorsio (Rhysema) pusilla - Ladd. 1977: 35, pi. 11, figs 12-13.

Personella pusilla - Beu, 1985: 62. fig. 36.

Distorsio (Personella) pusilla - Springsteen & Leobrera. 1986: 334, pi. 95, fig. 11.

Personopsis(?) pusilla - Beu. 1988: 91, — Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 150, pi. 30, fig. 6. — Kronenberg, 1994: 98, fig. 27.

Type data. — Holotype, bmnh 1961155, from "Sandwich Islands" [Hawaiian Islands] (Cernohorsky,

1975: 217, fig. 5: Johnson, 1994: 21).

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. corail 2: sta.

DW69.

New Caledonia, lagon: sta. 830 (Figs 65 d-e). — expedition

montrouzier: sta. 1259, 1312, 1316. 1318, 1319 (Figs 65 f-k. 66 a-e,

h). 1323, 1331. —lagon de Noumea: sta. 1354.

Loyalty Ridge. "New Caledonia", possibly from Lifou, Melvill-

Tomlin Colin. National Museum of Wales, Cardiff (2; Fig. 66 g). —

Lifou, Loyalty Is, coll. J. Brazier (3 ams).

Other material examined and published records. —

Southern Japan. "Amami-Oshima". Melvill-Tomlin Colin, National

Museum of Wales (5; Fig. 66 0- — Recorded also from "Amami-

Oshima" by Oyama & Takemura (1959. Distorsio pi. 2). — Osuini,

Ohshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, southern Kyushu (3 ic.ps

10590). — Amami-Oshima (2 nsmt 40868). — Osumi, Ohshima I..

pres. Hirase, ex T. Barbour Colin (2 MCZ 43243). — Osima, Ohsumi.

pres. Hirase (5 usnm 343804). — 0. 5 km ESE of Zampa-misaki. 45

m, Okinawa, coll. R.F. Bolland, 24 Aug. 1978 (1 LACM). — 1 km

west of Onna Village, 45 m, Okinawa, coll. R. F. Bolland. Sept. 1978

(I lacm 78-99). — Nakijin, Motobu Peninsula, 30 m, Okinawa, coll.

R.F. Bolland, 10 June 1978 (1 lacm 78-22). — Horseshoe Cliffs. 1

km WNW of Onna Village, 60 m, Okinawa, coll. R.F. Bolland. July-

Aug. 1979 (1 lacm 79-76)

Philippine Islands. Zamboanga (1 nsmt 40867). — Cabra I..

Lubang, pres. P. dc Mesa (I MCZ unregistered). — Mactan 1.. Cebu,

pres. F.J. Springsteen (7 nzgs WM13358). — As above. Abbey

Shells, 1984 (3 nzgs WM 13627). — As above, ex J.R. Penniket

Colin (1 nzgs WM 15562). — Cebu, ex J.R. Penniket Colin (1 nzgs

WM 15561). — East end Santa Cruz I., off Zamboanga, Mindanao,

9-18 m. coll. J. H. McLean, 19 Jan. 1981 (2 lacm 81-7). — SW end

Mactan I., tangle nets Cebu. pres. E. Svoboda. 1984 (1 lacm 85-

158).

Marianas Islands. Guam. N. Tipilao Point. II m, under rocks, coll.

R. Salisbury (Cernohorsky, 1975: 217, figs 6-8). — Orote Point.

Guam, 17-23 m (amnh 203676; Shasky, 1992).

Marshall Islands. Ine I.. Amo Atoll, 15-32 m. on coral, 9 May 1991

(2, Shasky Colin; Shasky, 1992). — Eniwetok. Holocene fossil from

30-40 ft (9-12 m) in drillhole E-l. illustrated by Ladd (1977: 35. pi.

11, figs 12-13) (2 usnm 650634 ).

Malaysia. N. side Sipidan I., Sabah. 8-33 m under coral, 11-16 June

1990,'coll. D. Shasky (I; Shasky. 1992: 114, figs 1-2).

Indonesia. Haarlem I., Bay of Batavia (now Jakarta], 1938 ( 1, zma;

photo sent by G. Kronenberg).

Papua-New Guinea. Inlet N. end Kranket I., Madang, coll. W.F.

Ponder & P.H. Colman. 26 May 1970 (1 ams). — Nimoa. Calvados

Chain. Louisiade Archipelago, beach, coll. E. Petuch. 1970(1 ams).

Eastern Australia. Yonge Reef, east of Lizard I.. N. Queensland.

15-17 m, outer face at N end of island, coll. W.F. Ponder, 9 Dec.

1975 (1 ams). — Euston Reef, outer Barrier Reef off Cairns,

Queensland, 21 m. at bottom of sandy slope below steep coral walls,

coll. P.H. Colman, 30 Nov. 1972 (I AMS).

Fiji. Fiji (I USNM 333612). — Nandi Bay. Fiji, coll. J. Laseron (1 ams

ex T. Garrard Colin). — Lakeba I.. Lau Group (Cernohorsky,

1978a: 44).

Samoa. Ofu I.. American Samoa (1 bpbm 196185).

French Polynesia. Coral reef off Pt. Teffao. N of Fare. Huahine L.

Society Is, 0-1 m, coll. H.A. Rehder, 2 May 1957 (1 usnm 630349).

— Sta. W-244, N. of Passe Avamoa, off Pt. Teffao. Huahine L.

Society Is, coll. H.A. Rehder. 19 March 1971 (I USNM 731500). —

Baie Faaroa, Raiatea, Society Is, coll. D. Shasky. Aug. 1977 (I lacm

77-116). — Tahiti (amnh 237985; Shasky, 1992). — Maiai 1.,

Tuamotu Is, Tikahau, beach, coll. H.A. Rehder, 13 April 1957 (1

USNM 629477). — SendofOpakea I., Tuamotu Is. Raroia, 17 Aug.

1952 (1 usnm 722453). — Mataira I.. Tuamotu Is, Raroia, beach. 16

July 1952 (1).

Hawaii. Honolulu. Oahu, dredged, pres. Thaanum (I usnm 337878).

— Sandwich Is, pres. W.H. Pease (1 usnm 16977). — Honolulu

Harbour. Oahu (1 bpbm 63192). — Fort Armstrong Reef, Oahu.

Thaanum Colin no. 11260(1 bpbm). — Off Ewa Beach Park, Oahu,

14 m. under dead coral, coll. D. Shasky. 2 Nov. 1989 (I. Shasky

Colin). — Puako Bay. Hawaii, 11-26 m. under dead coral, coll. D.

Shasky, 30 Sept. 1986 (1, Shasky Colin). — Lanai I., near

lighthouse. 12-22 m, coll. T. Bratcher. Sept. 1974 (I lacm 74-66). —

Maui (amnh 214713; Shasky, 1992). — Sand I.. Oahu (amnh 241909;

Shasky. 1992).

Comores. Mayotte L. northeast of lie Pamanzi, benthedi: sta. 32,

15-20 m, 12°45' 1" S, 45° 17’9" E (1 MNHN; Figs 65 a-c).

DISTRIBUTION. — Although Distorsomina pusilla is uncommon in collections, and its range has been

poorly known until recently, the locality data collected above indicate that it ranges throughout the Indo-West

Source

202

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 66. — Distorsomina (gen. nov.) pusilla (Pease). — a-e, h, smallest specimen in same sample as Figs 65 f-k; a.

xl4; b. x60; c. x36; d. x34; e. protoconch apex, showing constriction ending protoconch I (arrowed), x!24; h.

periostracum, x 133. — f. largest specimen seen (H 12.5 mm), "Amami-Oshima", Japan, Melvill-Tomlin Colin,

Nat. Museum of Wales, x5. — g, "New Caledonia", possibly from Lifou, Melvill-Tomlin Colin, Nat. Museum of

Wales, x8.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

203

Pacific Province, from the western Indian Ocean (Comores Islands) and from southern Kyushu, Japan, south to

Queensland, New Caledonia and the Coral Sea, and eastwards throughout Micronesia, Melanesia and Polynesia to

Hawaii. The first Indian Ocean record is listed above, but others confidently can be expected. Living specimens

have been collected in New Caledonia in 12-57 m.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 9.9, D 5.3. - Amami-Oshima Islands, southern Japan, Melvill-Tomlin

Colin, National Museum of Wales, largest specimen seen: H 12.5, D 6.9.

Remarks. — As noted under the generic discussion, the most distinctive characters of Distorsomina

pusilla are its small size (up to 12.5 mm high - the smallest species of tonnoidean I am aware of), its very narrow

shape compared with species of Personopsis , in particular, and its small, very narrow aperture in which the typical

personid row of enlarged basal columellar nodules is located obliquely and relatively adapically, occupying the mid-

columellar area of the inner lip of the very small aperture. Part of the unusual appearance of the aperture of D.

pusilla results from the relatively large size of this row of nodules compared with the rest of the aperture: the

relatively high, adapical position of this nodule row could result largely from the small maximum shell size. The

base of the inner part of the columellar lip (i.e., just visible well inside the aperture) is expanded to form a

distinctive, thin, sharp-edged ridge, margining the columella and sharply demarcating the narrow channel curving

around into the anterior siphonal canal. The protoconch (Figs 65 c, j-k) consists of 2.3-2.5 evenly convex whorls,

forming a typical "primitive ranellid" (i.e., plesiomorphic) low-turbiniform protoconch with an apparently smooth

surface; a juvenile collected alive by EXPEDITION MONTROUZIER bears two rows of low periostracal flanges on the

protoconch, and is only the second personid protoconch I have seen with an obvious constriction between

protoconchs I and II (Figs 66 b-c, e) (one was figured earlier, in Distorsio euconstricta , by BEU (1987: fig. 139) but

it has not been seen on other Distorsio protoconchs). The single Indian Ocean specimen I have seen (off Mayotte,

in 15-20 m, MNHN; see above; Figs 65 a-c) is expanded a little more widely between varices than most western

Pacific specimens, but is matched by the most extreme western Pacific specimens.

Genus Distorsionella Beu. 1978

Distorsionella Beu, 1978: 38. Type species (OD): Distorsio (Distorsionella) lewisi Beu, 1978, Recent, southwest

Pacific.

Remarks. — Distorsionella was proposed, as a subgenus of Distorsio, for a single relatively large species

of Personidae (reaching 40 mm in height, i.e., larger than all personids other than Distorsio) of most atypical

fusiform shape, with a drawn-out and only gradually contracted base merging into a poorly defined siphonal canal,

with the basal columellar nodules situated directly on the columella rather than on the larger, elevated, hollow ridge

characteristic of Distorsio , with an only narrowly flared inner-lip shield over the previous whorl, and with only

weakly distorted coiling. In view of the diversity of smaller personids recorded here from New Caledonia and nearby

areas and the distinctive shell shape of Distorsionella. Distorsionella seems better treated as a genus rather than as a

subgenus of Distorsio. This rank was used also by WAREN & BouCHET (1990). HENNING & HEMMEN (1993) and

KRONENBERG (1994).

Distorsionella lewisi (Beu, 1978)

Figs 67 a-h

Distorsio (Distorsionella) lewisi Beu, 1978: 39, figs 5, 8, 19-24, 30 A.

Distorsio (Distorsionella) lewisi - Beu, 1985: 62, Fig. 35.

Distorsionella lewisi - War£n & BouCHET, 1990: 102, fig. 121.— Henning & Hemmen, 1993: 149, pi. 30, fig. 5. — Kronenberg. 1994: 96.

fig. 26.

Type data. — Holotype nzoi 230 (Fig. 66 d), from nzoi sta. P57, 33°15.0' S, 169°59.0’ E, central

Reinga Ridge, between northern New Zealand and Norfolk I., 563-614 m, 2 paratypes NZOI P323-324, from NZOI

sta. 197, 32°22.9' S, 167°28.2' E, Wanganella Bank, southern Norfolk Ridge, 540-544 m, 1 paratype NZOI P325

from NZOI sta. K870. 31°21.2' S, 178°44.5' W. off 1'Esperance Rock, Kermadec Is, 510-610 m.

204

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 67. — Distorsionella and Personopsis species. — a-h. Distorsionella lewisi (Beu). a-c. f. BIOCAL: sla. DW66, New

Caledonia, 505-515 m; a. x6.8: b. x33; c. x47; f. x96. d, holotype, NZOI 230. nzoi Sta. P57. central Reinga

Ridge, north of northern New Zealand, 563-614 m. x2. e, largest specimen seen, CHALCAL 2: sta. DW74. S. New

Caledonia, 650 m, xl.5. g-h. SMIB 8: sta. DWI46, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia, 514-522 m, xl.5. — i-k.

Personopsis grasi (Bellardi in D'Ancona), type species of Personopsis Beu, 1988; Pliocene of Italy, in Mayer-

Eymar Colin. Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, both x2. i-j, H. 17139, Savona, k, H. 17140, Bacedasco, near

Piacenza.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

205

New Caledonia records. — Coral Sea. musorstom 5: sta

361.362,372.

North of New Caledonia, halical I: sta DW0I-04. DW03.

Norfolk Ridge, biocal: sta DW66 (Figs 67 a-c, 0- — MUSORSTOM 4:

sta DW223. — CHALCAL 2: sta CC2. DW74 (Fig. 67 e). — smib 3: sta

DWI, DW2. DW3. DW5. DW6. DW7. DWI3. — SMIB 4: sta

DW37. — smib 8: sta DW146 (Figs 67 g-h), DWI47, DW149,

DW150. DW152. — smib 10: sta DW203. 215. — beryx II: sta

CP08. — BATHUS 2: sta CP735. — bathus 3: sta DW78I, DW785.

DW800.

Loyalty Ridge, volsmar: sta DW37.

These 35 lots were collected in 163 to 650 m. but only one lot

(Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta. CPI 103) was collected in less than 400

m. and D. lewisi seems most common in more than 500 m.

Other MATERIAL EXAMINED. — Vanuatu, musorstom 8: sta.

CP983, I9°22’ S. I69°28' E, 475-480 m (I large). — Sta. CP984.

19°20' S. 169°26' E. 480-544 m (I). — Sta. DWI011. 17°50’ S.

168° 12’ E, 547-585 m(l). —Sta. DW'1014, 17°55'S, 168° 19’ E. 495-

498 m (2; I NZGS WM15822). — Sta. CPI 103. 15°04' S. I67°08' E.

163-165 m (1).

DISTRIBUTION. — From a southern limit on the Reinga Ridge and Norfolk Ridge, a short distance north of

northern New Zealand, Distorsionella lewisi has been collected as far north as the Chesterfield Plateau, in the Coral

Sea, around New Caledonia, and from four stations around Vanuatu. Some specimens are also known from near the

Kermadec Islands and on the Loyalty Ridge. More deep-water sampling further to the north is needed to be sure

whether these samples define its entire range. Specimens have not as yet been collected off eastern Australia.

DIMENSIONS. — Holotype: H 37.5, D 19.8. - BATHUS 2: sta. CP735, largest specimen seen: H 40.1,

D 21.2. - CHALCAL 2: sta. DW74: H 37.7 (incomplete, spire tip missing, estimated originally 39-40 mm), D 21.5

(Fig. 67 e).

REMARKS. — Distorsionella lewisi is readily identified among the numerous New Caledonian deep-water

tonnoideans reviewed here because of its relatively large size (adult specimens are about 25 to 40 mm high), its

fusiform shape, its finely cancellate sculpture, and its pale yellow-brown, finely bristled periostracum. Fresh shells,

and the apertures of all specimens, are plain bright white. The varices are relatively prominent, and the terminal

varix and its thickened interior are wide and obvious on large specimens, with up to nine prominent, transverse

ridges on the interior face. Unlike most other Personidae, the ridges inside the outer lip are uniform in size, with no

obviously enlarged second or third "tooth" from the adapical end, as occurs in Distorsio and Personopsis. The short,

transverse ridges on the base of the columella range from four to six in number and, although they are clearly

defined and moderately prominent in some specimens (e.g., the holotype, Fig. 67 d; Beu, 1978: fig. 24) they are

low and poorly defined in both weakly calcified, small specimens and heavily calcified, large specimens. The

protoconch (Figs 67 b-c, f; figured also by Waren & BOUCHET, 1990: fig. 121) is distinctive in having only 1.2

whorls, an inclined, partly immersed initiation of large diameter, and initial sculpture of numerous thin, irregular,

closely spaced spiral ridges that pass gradually into the regular, reticulate, spiral and axial sculpture of the last 0.3-

0.4 whorl. Waren & BOUCHET (1990: 94) suggested that the few protoconch whorls indicate that this species does

not have planktotrophic development. This and the apparently restricted southwest Pacific distribution, from north

of New Zealand to the Coral Sea and Vanuatu, and commonly in deep water (400-650 m) throughout New

Caledonia, indicate a short planktonic larval life. The present material demonstrates that Distorsionella lewisi is

moderately common in the New Caledonian region, in the deep-water fauna along with abundant Sassia remensa,

Bursa latitudo and B. quirihorai , common Distorsio habei and Bursa fijiensis , and other less common Personopsis

and Distorsio species.

Distorsionella pseudaphera sp. nov.

Figs 68 a-1

Type data. — Holotype (Figs 68 g-h, j. 1) and 3 paratypes mnhn, north of New Caledonia, MUSORSTOM

4: sta. DWI59, 18°46' S, 163° 16' E. 585 m.

New Caledonia records (all paratypes). North of

New Caledonia, musorstom 4: sta. DWI56 (2, large). DWI62 (3: 1

nzgs WM 15621), DWI64 (2, small), DWI81 (3; Figs 68 a-d, f).

DWI84 (6, narrow form; Figs 68 e. i). DWI96 (1), DWI97 (4; I

nzgs WMI5622). — lagon: sta. 1152 (2. narrow form, I nzgs

WM 15620). — bathus 4: sta. DW919 (2). DW923 (3). DW926 (I).

— smib 5: sta. DW87 (1), DW9I (1).

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW458 (2), DW464 (I),

DW478 (2).

These 16 lots were collected in 255 to 660 m.

DISTRIBUTION. — Distorsionella pseudaphera sp. nov. has been collected so far only north of New

Caledonia and on the Loyalty Ridge.

Source:

206

ALAN G. BEU

FlG. 68. — Distorsionella pseudaphera sp. nov.. New Caledonia; SEM micrographs. — a-d. f. 2 paratypes, MUSORSTOM 4:

sta. DW181, 350 m; a. x8.5; b. x 13; c. x30; d. x5; f. x7.4. — e, i. paralype, MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW184, 260 m;

e. x4.6; c. x8.5. — g-h, j-1, holotype. MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW159, 585 m; g. x35; h. k. x3.9; j, 1. x30.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE. BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

207

Description. — Shell small (largest seen 16.5 mm high, rarely over 14 mm high, i.e. less than half

height of D. lewisi ), short and wide in most specimens but highly variable in shape, some specimens relatively

narrow. Protoconch small, low, of 0.75 whorls, with bulbous, inclined initiation of large diameter, followed by

slightly irregular, markedly narrower quarter-whorl, flaring slightly at end to pass abruptly into teleoconch; initial

half-whorl apparently smooth and polished on most specimens, bearing faint, irregular, spiral and axial threads in a

few unabraded specimens; last quarter-whorl gradually developing weakly rugose, low, closely spaced axial costae;

5-6 well developed costae present on last 0.1 whorl of most specimens. Teleoconch of 4-4.5 regularly convex

whorls, almost completely regularly coiled, without defined sutural ramp or shoulder angle; last whorl very

gradually contracted to a short, straight, widely open, weakly defined anterior siphonal canal, with unnotched tip

and no fasciole. External sculpture of regular, reticulate, low axial costae and spiral cords; three cords and, in places,

adapical edge of fourth visible on spire whorls and 10 evenly spaced over last whorl, base and anterior canal, with

single large median secondary cord and several narrow, widely spaced tertiary threads in each spiral interspace;

crossed by many low, rounded, widely spaced axial cords, 12 in both last and penultimate intervariceal intervals on

holotype, forming low nodules at intersections with spiral cords; all crossed by many low, narrow, widely spaced

axial costellae, equal in size and spacing to tertiary spiral threads. Varices prominent, high and wide with strongly

convex surface, the first after one teleoconch whorl, thereafter slightly irregular in position but situated at about

each two-thirds of a whorl (5 in 4.3 whorls on holotype). Outer lip polished, reflected over half to two-thirds of

width of terminal varix for adapical two-thirds of lip height, and over up to whole width of varix over abapical

third, bearing 5-7 short, low, rounded, widely and evenly spaced nodules along its inner margin; uppermost nodules

(in posterior canal, demarcated by single prominent parietal ridge) prominent in some specimens, weak in most,

absent from a few; second adapical nodule slightly more prominent than all others on most specimens. Inner lip

smooth and polished, weakly flared into narrow shield over previous whorl, particularly over parietal area; bearing

3-5 basal columellar ridges. Most specimens with 3 low, similarly prominent columellar ridges, but adapical or

median one slightly more prominent than others in some specimens; a few specimens (all with unusually narrow

teleoconchs) with 3 nodules of abapically decreasing prominence, uppermost (adapical) much the largest; one

specimen with 5 low, abapically decreasing nodules (MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW196). Periostracum present on almost

all specimens, pale straw-yellow to olive-yellow, thin, bearing many short, widely spaced bristles.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 14.3, D 8.7; short paratype, same station as holotype: H 13.0, D 8.0; large,

elongate paratype, same station as holotype: H 16.5, D 10.6.

Remarks. — Distorsionella pseudaphera sp. nov. closely resembles D. lewisi in shape, sculpture and

apertural characters. It is distinguished from D. lewisi by reaching less than half the maximum size of D. lewisi ,

by its smaller, lower protoconch of 0.75 rather than 1.2 whorls, lacking the cancellate sculpture of the last stage of

the D. lewisi protoconch, and by having fewer nodules inside both lips of the aperture. Also, the much more

protruding protoconch is pale golden brown in live-collected D. lewisi , whereas it is translucent white in all

specimens of D. pseudapherci sp. nov.

There is some evidence that what is interpreted here as one could really be two species. Relatively few

specimens (lagon: sta. 1152, 2 specimens; musorstom 4: sta. DW184, 6 specimens; smib 5: sta. DW91, 1

specimen; possibly including I large paratype in the same lot as the holotype, with elongate shape but with

apertural characters obliterated by a polychaete that formerly inhabited the shell) are much narrower in shape than

all the others, and have larger basal columellar nodules, decreasing regularly in size abapically in all specimens;

these conceivably represent a species distinct from D. pseudapherci. However, a scatter diagram comparing H:D of

all available specimens showed that the shapes intergrade completely, and several specimens are exceptions to these

two combinations of characters (e.g., MUSORSTOM 4: sta. DW181, 1 small juv., 1 moderately narrow adult and I

short, wide adult, but all 3 have the columellar nodules prominent, and decreasing in size abapically). It is likely

that all the material belongs in a single, highly variable species.

Distorsionella pseudaphera sp. nov. is placed a little tentatively in Distorsionella, because the close overall

resemblance to D. lewisi does not necessarily reflect a close phylogenetic relationship. Much more study of the

anatomy and radulae of more material is needed to confirm the relationship. The specific epithet reflects the almost

equally close resemblance of the new species to some Cancel lari idae such as Fusiaphera Habe, 1961 which,

however, is shown to be superficial by the columellar ridges being short nodules that do not enter the aperture,

rather than the continuous, spiral columellar ridges of Cancellariidae.

208

ALAN G. BEU

Genus PERSONOPSIS Beu, 1988

Personopsis Beu, 1988: 90. Type species (OD): Triton grasi Bellardi in d'Ancona, 1873, Pliocene, Italy; Recent,

Atlantic seamounts.

REMARKS. — BEU (1988: 90) proposed Personopsis to replace in Personidae the incorrect usage of the

name Personella Conrad, 1865; Sassia (Personella) proved to be a subgenus of the ranellid Sassia (Beu, 1988: 85).

" Personopsis " pusilla is referred above to the new genus Distorsomina , and all other species previously referred to

Personopsis by Beu (1988: 90-91) are Cenozoic fossils, ranging in age from Paleocene to Pliocene. It is therefore

of great interest to record here two species of Personopsis living in the waters of the New Caledonia-Coral Sea

region. Both are rare, small species occurring in more than 300 m depth, so it is not surprising that only the

intensive MNHN/ORSTOM deep-sea sampling programme has brought them to light. Specimens of an Atlantic deep¬

water species closely resembling P. grasi are also reported below.

Personopsis differs from the other genera of Personidae in its small size (to about 25 mm high, but most

species reach less than 20 mm); its only slightly irregular coiling; its biconic shape with a moderately tall spire

with straight-sided outlines, the last whorl weakly expanded to the left of the aperture (in conventional spire-upward

orientation) to form a weakly defined, slightly concave sutural ramp and an evenly rounded periphery, and the base

gradually contracting to a weakly defined neck and short, open, anterior siphonal canal directed weakly to the left

anddorsally; its moderately expanded inner lip forming a thin parietal shield over part ot the previous whorl, but

much narrower than the shield of Distorsio ; and its weakly trigonal aperture with a prominent, deep posterior notch

margined by a sharply rounded adapical expansion of the outer lip. and with a markedly enlarged third nodule (from

the adapical end) inside the outer lip, one or two prominent parietal ridges demarcating the posterior notch, and a

row of abapically decreasing transverse ridges on the base of the columella. Personopsis is the most nearly similar

to Distorsio of the smaller personid genera, and differs from Distorsio in its smaller size, its much less distorted

coiling, its narrower parietal shield, its relatively tall spire and more gradually contracted base, and its basal

columellar nodule row being situated directly on the columella rather than on the strongly elevated, hollow ridge

protruding into the aperture in Distorsio.

BEU (1988: 90-91) listed the species referred to Personopsis , but this needs modification now, as a further

fossil species can be added and, of course, Distorsomina pusilla deleted.

Species now included in Personopsis :

(l)Distorsio alvaradoi Villalta, 1956 (: 182, pi. 7, figs 4 a-b), Middle-Late Eocene, blue marls at Isun, Spanish

Pyrenees [although the coiling is weakly excentric, the tall spire suggests a position in Sassia’, apertural

characters unknown].

Distorsio (Personella) beui Maxwell, 1968 (: 135; MAXWELL, 1992: 107, pi. 13 e). Late Eocene, New Zealand.

Triton grasi Bellardi in d'Ancona, 1873 (: 262, pi. 14, fig. 18). Pliocene, Italy (Figs 67 i-k; figured also recently by

SPADINI, 1994: 283, fig. 8). S. Gofas (MNHN; pers. comm.) reports that Recent Personopsis specimens

"hardly separable from Personopsis grasi " have been collected from the Meteor, Hyeres and Irving

seamounts, in the Atlantic Ocean, during the Seamount 2 cruise, 1993.

(?) Distorsio interposita Tate, 1894 (: 172, pi. 10, fig. 3), Late Oligocene, Torquay, near Melbourne, Victoria,

Australia [the small size and weak sculpture suggest a position in Personopsis, but the strongly excentric

coiling and the position of the transverse columellar ridges on a raised, if low, basal columellar ridge

suggest this species might better be regarded as a small species of Distorsio , perhaps related to D.

euconstricta ].

Triton minae de Gregorio. 1880 (: 101, pi. 7, fig. 64), Eocene, San Giovanni Ilarione, Italy [a small, weakly

distorted species resembling P. beui].

Personopsis purpurata sp. nov.. Recent, described below.

Eutritonium (Sassia) rutoti (Vincent, 1930), Paleocene, Belgium and Poland [see KRACH (1963: 102, pi. 23, fig.

6) for reference and apertural characters].

Personopsis trigonaperta sp. nov.. Recent, described below.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

209

Personopsis purpurata sp. nov.

Figs 69 a-d, g-h

Type data. — Holotype mnhn (Figs 69 a-d, g-h), northern Norfolk Ridge, south of New Caledonia, smib

5: sta. DW97. 23°01' S, 168° 18’ E, 300 m.

Nnvv Caledonia records (all paralypes). — Coral Sea.

MUSORSTOM 5: sta. 300 (1). 301 (3 >. 304 (1).

Norfolk Ridge, smib 5: sta. DW87 (1). — smib 8: sta. DW160

(1 nzgs WM15619), DW189 (2 Iv, with long periostracal bristles).

DISTRIBUTION. — Personopsis purpurata sp. nov. has been collected to date only on the northern Norfolk

Ridge, on the Loyalty Ridge, and on the Argo and Nova Banks in the eastern Coral Sea.

Description. — Shell small for genus (most specimens to 16 mm high; largest 18.5 mm high), relatively

broadly biconic, with moderately tall spire, widely expanded last whorl, and moderately contracted base and short

anterior canal. Protoconch of 2.75 strongly convex whorls, low-turbiniform, slightly taller than wide, with narrow

initiation, apparently entirely smooth and polished, ending abruptly at low, narrow ridge. Teleoconch of 6 whorls,

with weakly distorted coiling, slight, concave sutural ramp developed over expanded areas of last 2 whorls, whorl

surface weakly but evenly convex abapertural to varices but more strongly convex adapeitural to varices (in

direction of coiling) over last 2 whorls. Varices low, except for nodule-like expansion over posterior apertural notch

over last 2 whorls, weakly defined on early spire whorls; initial varix after 0.5 teleoconch whorl; varices little more

than each 0.5 whorls apart on early spire but becoming progressively further apart down spire, situated at each 0.66

whorl over last 2 whorls. Sculpture of low, narrow, reticulate axial costae and spiral threads; axial costae

numerous, rounded, moderately prominent, with interspaces each twice width of one costa. 12 in last and 13 in

penultimate intervariceal intervals on holotype; spiral cords low, flat-topped, sharply defined, each less than half

width of one axial costa, riding over axial costae, forming low, rounded nodules at intersections; 3 cords and, over

expanded areas of penultimate whorl, fourth cord showing on spire whorls, 8 primary cords on last whorl (passing

onto terminal varix) and further 7 lower, wider and more closely spaced cords on canal. Primary cords with wide,

concave interspaces bearing several orders of low. narrow, widely spaced interstitial threads; entire surface crossed

by low, narrow, widely and evenly spaced axial costellae. Aperture weakly trigonal, with outer lip flared over inner

half of terminal varix for adapical two-thirds of its height, and over most or all of width over basal third; bearing 7

or 8 nodules along inner edge, uppermost nodule (in centre of posterior notch) minute, second nodule moderate,

third nodule strongly enlarged, fourth nodule smaller than most others, fifth to seventh moderate-sized and similar

to each other, small anterior eighth present on some specimens. Inner lip expanded into narrow, smooth shield over

parietal area, bearing single prominent parietal ridge, small second ridge adapical to prominent one, low but

obvious transverse ridge in apex of marked mid-columellar excavation, and abaperturally decreasing row of 6 or 7

basal columellar ridges; uppermost basal columellar ridge much the most prominent, adapically concave ("hooked"-

looking), strongly protruding towards enlarged third nodule inside outer lip, directed more adapically than more

abapical, simple ridges and forming markedly concave groove margining adapical end of nodulous ridge. Entire

shell translucent white, except for prominent bright brownish purple area at extremity of anterior siphonal canal

(most obvious on dorsum of cleaned live-collected specimens), and less obvious one in centre of mid-columellar

excavation, marking position of penultimate canal tip visible through translucent inner lip. Periostracum present

on most specimens, very thin, pale straw-yellow to pale olive-yellow, bearing numerous bristles that are long,

thick and closely spaced over axial costae but short, thin and widely spaced over axial interspaces.

Dimensions. — Holotype: H 15.6, D 9.2; paratype, smib 5: sta. DW87: H 16.4. D 9.6. musorstom 5:

sta. 301, largest paratype: H 18.6, D 11.2.

Remarks. — Personopsis purpurata sp. nov. is very easily recognised among the New Caledonia-Coral

Sea material by its small size, its biconic shape with a short anterior canal, its very prominent, slightly "hooked"-

looking (adapically concave) uppermost basal columellar tooth, and the purple anterior canal tip on an otherwise

uniform white shell. The type species of Personopsis , the Italian Pliocene and Atlantic living P. grasi , is very

similar in almost all characters and makes a plausible direct ancestor for P. purpurata , but differs from P. purpurata

in its markedly larger size (to ca 25 mm high), its slightly shorter and wider form, and its lower and less prominent

uppermost basal columellar tooth (BEU, 1988: pi. 3, fig. 11; Figs 67 i-k).

— BATHUS 2: sta. DW730 (1). — bathus 3: sta. DW827 (1).

Loyalty Ridge, musorstom 6: sta. DW457 (I).

These 10 lots (12 specimens) were taken in 280 to 610 m.

210

ALAN G. BKU

Fig. 69. — Personopsis species, New Caledonia, SEM micrographs. — a-d. g-h, Personopsis purpurata sp. nov.,

holotype, SMIB 5: sta. DW97, Norfolk Ridge, 300 m; a-b. x4; c. xl6; d. x34; g. x32; h. x8. — e-f, i-j,

Personopsis trigonaperia sp. nov., paratype juvenile specimen, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW485, Loyalty Ridge, 350

m; e, i. x3.9; f. x9; j. xl6.

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

211

Personopsis trigonaperta sp. nov.

Figs 69 e-f, i-j, 70 a-h

Type data. — Holotype (Figs 70 f-g) from Gemini Seamounts, southern Vanuatu, volsmar: sta. DW51,

20°59' S, 170°3’ E, 450 m; immature paratype (Figs 70 a-e, h), off New Caledonia, BIOCAL: sta. DW83, 20°35' S,

166°54' E, 460 m; immature paratype, northern Norfolk Ridge off southern New Caledonia, BATHUS 2: sta.

DW730, 23°03' S, 166°58’ E, 397-400 m ; small juvenile specimen (Figs 69 e-f, i-j) referred here tentatively,

Loyalty Ridge, MUSORSTOM 6: sta. DW485, 21°23’ S, 167°59' E, 350 m. All four specimens in MNHN.

DISTRIBUTION. — The four known specimens of Personopsis trigonaperta sp. nov., all collected empty,

were taken on the Gemini Seamounts, southern Vanuatu (holotype) and south of New Caledonia, in 350-460 m.

Description. — Shell relatively large (to 26 mm high) but very elongate for genus, with moderately tall

spire of straight outlines, whorls evenly convex except for weak, concave sutural ramp developed over more inflated

parts of last three whorls, coiling weakly distorted because of low whorl inflation abapertural to varices but marked

expansion adapertural to varices (in direction of coilng), and long, drawn-out, gradually contracted base passing

gradually into moderately long, open, well defined siphonal canal. Protoconch of 2.5 strongly convex whorls, low-

turbiniform, height about equal to width, with narrow initiation, apparently smooth and polished. Teleoconch of 7

whorls. Varices moderately low, except for adapical expansion over posterior notch of aperture; first varix after 0.5

whorl, second after 0.3 whorl, thereafter at each 0.66 whorl. Sculpture of reticulate axial costae and spiral cords,

closely resembling that of Personopsis purpurata sp. nov. in all details, except that 16 major cords on last whorl

are all similar, without distinctly lower and wider basal ones of P. purpurata , and axial costae and spiral cords are

more nearly similar in proportions than in P. purpurata., 17 costae in last and 16 in penultimate intervariceal

intervals of holotype. Aperture narrowly trigonal, with prominently protruding and constricted posterior notch

margined by protrusion of adapical end of outer lip; outer and inner lips angled to almost meet at columellar base,

leaving only a narrow slit, 0.3 mm wide, between narrow, sharp-edged ridges on bases of both lips. Outer lip flared

over inner two-thirds to entire width of terminal varix, with 8 prominent short, transverse ridges and 3 very short,

partly fused basal ones on its inner margin, uppermost (in centre of posterior notch) much smaller than others and

third adapical one much larger than others but nevertheless rounded and relatively small, much less elevated than in

P. purpurata sp. nov.; eighth (abapical) major ridge and basal 3 short ridges partially fused and elongated into thin-

edged ridge extending short distance into aperture at base of lip. Inner lip weakly expanded into thin, smooth shield

over parietal area, bearing single prominent parietal ridge and second very small ridge adapical to prominent one,

very weak, low ridge in centre of mid-columellar excavation, and basal columellar row of 7 (on immature

paratypes) or 8 (on holotype) abapically decreasing nodules. Uppermost (adapical) basal columellar nodule largest,

but similar in shape and orientation to nodules below, not greatly enlarged and inclined as in P. purpurata sp. nov.;

lowermost 4-5 nodules similar in size, nodule row ceasing abruptly below lowermost nodule, allowing siphonal

canal margin to open markedly, matching corresponding widening at base of outer lip to produce unique, abruptly

widened, spout-like canal below constricted lip bases; interior margin of columellar base, interior to basal

columellar nodule row, expanded into thin, sharp, smooth margining ridge. Exterior of holotype uniform pale

cream, aperture white; exterior of smaller paratype pale mauvish brown with cream varices and anterior canal,

aperture white; paratypes bearing remains of thin, pale straw-yellow periostracum, with many short, thick, closely

spaced bristles on axial costae of smaller paratype.

DIMENSIONS. — Holotype: H 26.2, D 15.2; larger paratype: H 17.1, D 10.6; smaller paratype: H 16.1,

D 10.2.

REMARKS. — Personopsis trigonaperta sp. nov. is readily distinguished from P. purpurata sp. nov. by its

larger maximum size, by its slightly shorter spire, but much more gradually tapered, longer last whorl and longer

siphonal canal, by its straighter canal and, in particular, its sharply constricted lip bases followed by a unique,

spout-like canal expansion, by having much less strongly differentiated enlarged teeth on both lips, and by lacking

the purple canal tip of P. purpurata. P. trigonaperta is therefore more like P. grasi than P. pwpurata in the

proportions of the teeth on the inner and outer lips, but differs strongly from P. grasi in its longer and narrower

shape and in the longer, much straighter siphonal canal, in its strongly constricted lip bases, and in the spout-like

canal expansion below the constriction. Although a radula from a live-collected specimen is needed to confirm the

212

ALAN G. BEU

Fig. 70. —Personopsis trigonaperta sp. nov.. New Caledonia - southern Vanuatu.— a-e. h, paratype. BIOCAL: sta.

DW83. New Caledonia, 460 m, SEM micrographs; a. x5.5; b, d. x4; c, e. x33; h. xl6. — f-g. holotype,

VOLSMAR: sta. DW51, Gemini Seamounts, southern Vanuatu. 450 m, x2.5.

Source: MNHN. Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

213

generic position, there is little doubt this species belongs in Personopsis. The smaller paratype differs from the

holotype and the larger paratype in its shorter, more rapidly contracted base and in its pale mauvish brown

coloration, but appears merely to be a younger and fresher shell than the two larger specimens. The very small,

immature, pale mauvish brown specimen from MUSORSTOM 6 sta. DW485 was initially thought to represent a third

species of Personopsis , but appears to be a very young specimen (Figs 69 e-f, i-j) and the subsequent recognition

of the third, smallest paratype of P. trigonaperta , with similar coloration and aperture to the small juvenile,

indicates that the juvenile specimen probably belongs in P. trigonaperta. The two smallest specimens of P.

trigonaperta are interesting in having the enlarged second tooth inside the outer lip well developed at a small size.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This report incorporates ideas and results accumulated over more than 20 years, and it is difficult to thank

all the friends, colleagues and museum curators who contributed to it.

Bertrand Richer de Forges and his colleagues (orstom. Noumea) and Philippe Bouchet, who collected most

of the samples studied here, were the most crucial part of the whole process. 1 particularly want to thank Philippe

Bouchet and his team (most notably Bernard Metivier, Virginie Heros and Philippe Maestrati) in MNHN for

collecting many other samples, for making all the material available and for sending them so carefully. The

curators of museums listed in the text are thanked for their generous loans (often for inordinate periods!) and

information on their types over many years. My colleague Bruce Marshall (NMNZ) particularly helped with obscure

literature and access to NMNZ collections. The large collection of Philippine Islands material presented over several

years by F.J. Springsteen (Melbourne) is the basis for my ranellid and bursid taxonomy.

1 greatly appreciate helpful suggestions on the manuscript and much useful information from the referees,

Alan Kabat (formerly of USNM), Anders Waren (Swedish Natural History Museum, Stockholm) and Rudo von

Cosel, Serge Gofas and Pierre Lozouet (all of MNHN). Philippe Bouchet edited the manuscript substantially and sent

early rare references and provided Fig. 25 and the comments on Afrocanidea . and Virginie Heros checked the records

against the material and rearranged much of the manuscript ready for publication, including preparing the station

list and index. Photos of putative Linnean syntypes in Uppsala University were kindly taken by Anders Waren.

Lischke's types were loaned by Joseph Boscheinen (Lobbecke Museum, Dusseldorf) after their location was reported

to me by Rudo von Cosel. Henk Dijkstra (Sneek, The Netherlands) provided information on Gualtieri's collection

in Pisa and Marco Zuffi (Museo di Storia Naturale e del Territorio, Universita di Pisa) kindly provided photos of

Gualtieri's syntype of Murex pileare Linne. Alison Trew (National Museum of Wales, Cardiff) provided data on

Dillwyn's collection, and the reference to Dean (1936).

An exceedingly valuable loan of types of Indonesian fossils of K. Martin's and Koperberg's taxa was

arranged by Arie Janssen (RMNH) and the curators of the Artis Geologisch Museum, Amsterdam, and the

Mineralogische-Geologisch Museum, Delft. Schepman's "Siboga" material was loaned by Robert Moolenbeek

(ZMA). Hiroshi Noda (Institute of Geosciences, University of Tsukuba) and Kenshiro Ogasawara (Tsukuba;

formerly of IGPS) made available casts and/or photographs of fossil Distorsio types. A very helpful collection of

photos of Lamarck's types was provided by Yves Finet and the photographer, G. Dazos (MHNG). Critical

information on many other type specimens was provided by Kathie Way (BMNH), Aileen Blake and Pat Nuttall

(formerly of BMNH), and Ian Loch (AMS); Solene Morris (formerly of BMNH and curator of the Linnaean Society

collection), kindly supplied information and BMNH photos (by Paul Lund) of Linne's type of Murex succinctum.

The molluscan library and the Hedley loose-leaf file system of the Malacology Department, AMS have been

consulted frequently over many years, with the generosity of Winston Ponder and Ian Loch, and contributed greatly

to the synonymies listed here.

Many friends and colleagues have helpfully sent material or colour slides that resolved taxonomic problems

during the course of this work: Claude Berthault, ORSTOM, Noumea (Cymatium armatum. C. parthenopeum , C.

exile, and many other Cymatium and Bursa photos), Luigi Bozzetti, Milano ( Biplex bozzettii and Cymatium

pallidum ), H. Burban, Noumea (the published black-and-white photos of Cymatium armatum). E. Alison Kay.

Honolulu ( Sassia from Hawaii). Gijs Kronenberg, Eindhoven (Personidae, much useful information including a

new record of Distorsomina pusilla ), Allan Limpus, Bundaberg, Queensland (many taxa from the Swain Reefs,

including Distorsio decipiens ), Jean-Claude Martin, Saint-Denis, Reunion ( Bursa rhodostoma), Heinrich

Mulhhiiusser, Freiberg ( Biplex bozzettii , among many other taxa over the years), P. Muthiah, Tuticorin, India

214

ALAN G. BEU

(Biplex and other ranellids), Richard Salisbury, Boise, Idaho ( Sassia from Guam), Don Shasky, San Diego

(.Distorsomina pusilla and Bursa condita), Jean Trondle, LaForce, France ( Gyrineum pusillum), and Thora

Whitehead, Brisbane (much useful material of Biplex, Bursa and Dislorsio).

Bob Penniket's posthumous donation of his large ranellid and bursid collection to N7.GS was an inestimable

boost to my research. Continued interest, help and donation of specimens over the years from the "ranellid

fraternity" stopped me from making many mistakes (notably Betty Jean Piech. Wilmington: Bill Emerson. New

York; C.P. Fernandes. Cascais, Portugal; Don and Eloise Bosch. Muscat; Paco Garcia-Talavera, Tenerife; Dawn

Brink, Westville. South Africa; Alex Arthur, Twickenham. U.K.; Manfred Parth, Munchen; and Bob Foster,

Abbey Specimen Shells, Santa Barbara).

BMNH Polaroid photos by Aileen Blake comprise Figs 26 f-g; 29 j-k; 30 k and 42 a-c, f-g. The beautiful

protoconch drawings (Fig. 47) are by Ron Brazier, formerly Paleo artist in New Zealand Geological Survey. NZGS

colleagues who provided direct help are Athalie Dreadon and Nigel Taylor (library), Wendy St George (drafting

(Figs 1 and 44), photography of most of the 1600 figs, colour video operation and colour plate making, and SEM

maintenance and printing), John Simes (extensive SEM operation and printing), and Pat Bratton (word processing).

Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Contribution no. 862.

Source: MNHN , Paris

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Source: MNHN, Paris

STATION LIST

The following list gives the location, depth and species identifications for the more than 1000 stations used in this report. A few

further localities around New Caledonia or in the Coral Sea, not assigned Station numbers, are listed in full in the text. Station number

prefixes (where they have been assigned) indicate the sampling gear used: CC = chalut a panneaux (crevettes) (prawn trawl); CH = chalut a

panneaux (poissons) [otter trawl for fish); CP = chalut a perche (beam trawl); D = drague (dredge); DC = drague Charcot (Charcot dredge);

DW = drague Waren (Waren rock dredge); P = plongee sous-marine (SCUBA diving). The location of most samples is shown on maps by

Richer de Forges (1990; 1991; 1993) and Richer de Forges & Chevillon (1996).

CORAL SEA

Cruise chalcal 1, N.O. " Coriolis ", coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, July 1984. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1990, 1991 ).

Lansdowne -Fairway Banks

Sta. D2.-80-120 m, 21 ° 14’ S. 162°16'27 E: Gyrineum roseum (1), Cymatium dunkeri (1), Bursa rosa (1). Distorsio euconstricta (1).

Sta. D6.-45 m, 20°57'00 S, 161°43’00' E: Gyrineum roseum (3).

Sta. D7.-62 m, 20°50'86 S, I6I°36’99' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. D8.-40 m, 20°47'30 S. 161 °01*40' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. D9.-75 m, 20°44'50 S. 161°06'60' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (I).

Sta. D 10.-87 m, 20°36'09 S, 161 °05'82' E: Cymatium labiosum (1).

Sta. D11.-83 m. 20°3I’52 S. 161°06'60' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (I).

Sta. D12.-80 m, 20°31 ’33 S, 161 °06'51' E: Bursa rhodostoma < 1).

Chesterfield-Bellona Plateau

Sta. CP 14.-66 m, 21° 13'50 S. 158°50'20 E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. PI 5.-50 m. 21°24’80 S, 158°51’20 E: Cymatium occidental (I fresh dd), C. rubeculum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. D15.-65 m, I9°23'30 S, I58°38’60 E: Gyrineum roseum (2).

Sta. D 18.-60 m, I9°07'80 S, 158°48' 10 E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. D24.-38 m. 19° 1078 S. 158°37'10 E: Gyrineum roseum (2).

Sta. D26.-48 m, 19° 1072 S, 158°34'99 F.: Gyrineum roseum (3). Cymatium gemmatum (I).

Sta. D29.-100 m, 19°30'60 S, 158°3 f 10 E: Gyrineum roseum (1). '

Sta. D35.-210 m, I9°44'84 S, I58°25'83 E. Gyrineum iacunatum ( 1).

Sta. D37.-50 m, 19°54'00 S, 158°46'30 E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. D41 .-67 m, 20°34'80 S. I58°47' 30 E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. D44.-79 m. 20°46'03 S. I58°3373 E: Cymatium muricinum (1. large dd).

Sta. D45.-50 m, 20°48'93 S. 158°30'21 E: Gyrineum roseum (2), Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. D47.-70 m, 20°50'85 S, I58°36'03 E: Gyrineum longicaudalum (I). G. roseum (1).

Sta. D50.-70 m, 20°04'40 S. 158°4070 E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. D51 .-55 m, 21 °13'21 S, I58°42’50 E: Gyrineum roseum (3). Cymatium dunkeri (I). C. labiosum < I).

Sta. D52.-69 m, 21°13'40 S, 158°49'20 E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (3; 1 NZGS WM15658). Cymatium exaratum (1), C. dunkeri (1).

Sta. D53.-60 m, 2I°19'50 S, 158°55'30 E: Cymatium dunkeri (I).

Sta. D55.-55 m, 2I°23'90 S. I58°59’60 E: Cymatium dunkeri (2).

Sta. D57.-62 m, 21°29’50 S. 159°16'40 E: Gyrineum roseum! 1).

Sta. D58.-56 m, 2I°34'60 S, 159°18’90 E: Cymatium exaratum! 1).

unnumbered, Hot Bampton, 18 m: Distorsio reticularis (1. large Iv).

no further data: Cymatium dunkeri (1), Gyrineum roseum (2).

Cruise musorstom 5. N.O. "Coriolis", coll. P. Bouchet. B. Metivier & B. Richer de Forges, October 1986. Station list and narrative: Richer

de Forges (1990).

Capel Bank

Sta. 255.-280-295 m, 25° 15' S, 159°55' E: Charonia lampas (I dd juv.), Sassia remensa (9R; IS. 2med).

Sta. 256.-290-300 m. 25° 18’ S, 159°53' E: Sassia remensa (1SR).

Argo Bank

Sta. 294.-272 m, 23° 1 f S, I59°30’ E: Bursa latitudo ! 1).

Sta. 299.-360-390 m. 22°48’ S. 159°24' E: Sassia remensa (4SR), Bursa latitudo (2; 1 Iv). B. quirihorai (1 Iv).

Sta. 300.-450 m, 22°48' S, 159°24' E: Sassia remensa (3R; 2S. 1 med). Personopsis purpurata (1).

Nova Bank

Sta. 301.-487-610 m, 22°07’S, 159°25'E : Sassia remensa (26; 17SR. 3medR. ImedI, 2medM, 3LM; 5 NZGS WM 15836). Distorsio decipiens

(2 juv.), Personopsis purpurata (3).

Sta. 302.-345-360 m, 22°I0' S. 159°23' E: Sassia remensa (ImedM, 3LR).

Source

234

ALAN G. BEU

Sta. 304.-385-420 m. 22° 10’ S. 159°26' E: Sassia remensa (10; 3SR, 5medR. Imedl, 1 LI). Personopsispurpuraia (1).

Sta. 306.-375-415 m, 22°08' S. 159°21' E: Sassia remensa (2SR; Imedl. ImedM), Bursa fijiensis (1 lv).

Sia. 307.-350-345 m. 22°1!’ S.' I59°24’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR).

Chesterfield Plateau

Sta. 329.-320 m. 20°23' S, 158°47' E: Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. 335.-315 m. 20°03’ S, 158°45’ E: Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. 336.-350 m. 19°56' S. 158°39' E: Sassia remensa (1LM ).

Sta. 337.-412-430 m. 19°54’ S. 158°38' E; Bursa Jljiensis (3; 1 lv).

Sta. 338.-540-580 m, 19°52' S, 158°40’ E; Bursa fijiensis (4; I lv).

Sta. 361.-400 m, 19°53' S, 158°38’ E: Sassia remensa (5medR), Bursa fijiensis (7; 2 lv), Distorsionella lewisi (I).

Sta. 362.-410 m. I9°53’ S. I58°40' E: Sassia remensa (1 SR. 2medl), Bursa fijiensis (1 lv). Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. 372.-400 m. I9°53* S. I58°39’ E: Sassia remensa (ISR), Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. 375.-300 m. 19°52' S, I58°30' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1), Sassia remensa (Imedl).

Sta. 378.-355 m, 19°54’ S. 158°38’ E: Sassia remensa (2medl).

Sta. 379.-370-400 m. 19°53‘ S, I58°40’ E: Sassia remensa (2medR), Bursa fijiensis (2; 1 lv).

Cruise coraii. 2. N.O. "Coriolis", coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, July-August 1988. Station list and narrative: Richer deForges (1991).

Lansdowne -Fairway Banks

Sta. DWI.-59 m. 20°56’ S. 161 °4F E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). G. roseum (1). Cymatium pyrum (I, excellent large, fresh adult shell),

Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. DW2.-62 m. 20°50' S. 161 °37’ E: Cymatium dunkeri (2; 1 lv), C. labiosum (1).

Sta. DW4.-64 m, 20°52’ S, 161 °37' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). G. longicaudatum (1).

Sta. DW8.-63 m, 20°52' S. 161 °38' E: Gyrineum roseum (3). Cymatium dunkeri (1), Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. DW9.-62 m. 20°53‘ S, 161 °35' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2), G. roseum (2), G. longicaudatum (2), Cymatium labiosum (1), Tutufa bufo

(1 juv.).

Sta. DW10.-60 m. 20°52' S, 161°41* E: Gyrineum roseum (2), Cymatium dunkeri (1). Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. DW 11.-58 m, 20°50 1 S. 161 °4 P E: Gyrineum roseum { I).

Sta. DW 18.-69 m, 20°44’ S, 161 °00’ E: Gyrineum roseum (2). Cymatium dunkeri (3). C. labiosum (1), Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. DW 19.-77 m. 20°42’ S. 161°00' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (I ), G. roseum (1), Cymatium comptum (I). C. dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW21.-86 m, 20°36' S. 16I°02' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (I).

Sta. CP23.-80-83 m, 20°3F S, 161°04’ E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. CP24.-74-75 m, 20°27' S. I61°05’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (4). Tutufa bufo (1 lv adult).

Sta. CP25.-67-70 m. 20°25‘ S. 161°05’ E: Cymatium comptum (2 lv).

Sta. DW28.-78 m, 20°28’ S. I60°56' E: Bursa rhodostoma (I).

Chesterfield Plateau

Sta. DW31 .-57 m, 19°25' S, 158°45' E: Cymatium dunkeri (I).

Sta. DW32.-55 m, I9°25' S, I58°49' E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW38.-61 m. I9°22' S. I58°43’ E: Gyrineum roseum (2).

Sta. DW41.-52 m. 19°22’ S. I58°32’ E: Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. DW46.-21 m. 19° 19’ S, I58°20' E: Cymatium aquatile (1).

Sta. DW48.-44 m. 19° 18' S. 158°27' E: Cymatium comptum (1). Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. DW56.-66 m. 19°18' S. !58°47' E: Gyrineum roseum (2; 1 nzgs WMI5833).

Sta. DW60.-45 m. 19° 15' S. 158°57' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Distorsio anus (I).

Sta. DW65.-62 m. 19°15 > S, I58 0 4F E: Gyrineum roseum ( 1).

Sta. DW67.-66 m. 19° 15’ S. 158°37’ E: Bursa lucaensis (1).

Sta. DW69.-30-52 m. 19° 15’ S. 158°30’ E: Distorsomina pusilla (1).

Sta. DW70.-54 m. 19° 15' S. 158°27' E: Bursa cruentata (I dd).

Sta. DW73.-41 m, 19°12' S, 158°23’ E: Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. DW77.-60 m, 19° 12’ S. I58°36' E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW79.-58 m. 19° 12’ S, 158°43' E: Cymatium comptum (1), C. dunkeri (1). Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. DW80.-66 m. 19° 12’ S. I58°47’ E: Gyrineum roseum (2).

Sta. DW82.-62 m. 19° 12' S, 158°50’ E: Gyrineum roseum (I).

Sta. DW83.-59 m, 19° 12* S, 158°54' E: Gyrineum roseum < 1).

Sta. DW84.-I6-26 m, 19° 12’ S. I58°57' E: Gyrineum roseum (2; 1 NZGS WMI5834).

Sta. DW88.-32 m, I9°06’ S, 158°56' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW89.-40 m, 19°03' S, 158°58' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW91.-43 m. 19°03’ S. I58°55‘ E: Gyrineum roseum (1). Cymatium dunkeri (1). Distorsio anus (1 lv, small adult).

Sta. DW92.-8m, I9°03' S, 158°54' E: Cymatium occidental (1 faded dd). Bursa cruentata (I, lv adult).

Sta. DW93.-58-60 m, I9°06' S. I58°53' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW94.-36-53 m. I9°06’ S, 158°50' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW95.-4I m. 19°06’ S. 158°47’ E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW99.-52 m. I9°06’ S. I58°3r E: Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. DW 100.-40 m, 19°06’ S. I58°27’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. DW 102.-58 m, I9°09' S. 158°30' E: Gyrineum roseum < 1).

Sta. DW 105.-35 m. I9°09’ S. I58°39’ E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW 109.-47-64 m. I9°09' S. I58°53' E: Distorsio kurzi (1 juv.).

Sta. DW110.-40 m, I9°09' S. 158°56’ E: Gyrineum roseum (I). Cymatium dunkeri (2), C. rubeculum (1 lv).

Sta. DWI15.-44 m. I9°22’ S, I58°38’ E: Gyrineum roseum (2), Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. DWI 16.-52 m, 19°23' S, 158°35‘ E: Cymatium labiosum (1).

Sta. DWI 17.-52 m. 19°25' S. I58°32’ E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DWI 18.-52 m, 19°25' S, 158°28’ E: Gyrineum roseum (1). Cymatium labiosum (2).

Sta. DWI20.-56 m, 19°25' S. 158°22' E: Cymatium exaratum (I).

Sta. DWI21.-34 m. 19°25’ S, 158°18’ E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. CPI24.-53-56 m. 19°29’ S. 158°20' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

235

Sta. DW 125.-54 m, 19°28’ S. 158°24’ E: Cymaiium exaratum (1). C. dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW 128.-38 m, 19°28' S. 158°30' E: Cyrineum roseum (4).

Sta. DW 133.-45 m, 19°31 * S, 158°25' E: Gyrineum roseum (1), Cymaiium rubeculum (I).

Sta. DW 135.-46 m. 19°3 V S. 158° 19* E: Cymaiium dunkeri (1 nzgs WM15813).

Sta. DW 136.-37 m, 19°31 * S, 158° 16' E: Gyrineum roseum (2). Cymaiium dunkeri (1). C. rubeculum (1, lv adult).

Sta. DW 138.-31 m. 19°34’ S. 158° 18' E: Cymaiium dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW 139.-57 m. I9°34' S, 158°20' E: Cymaiium dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW14I.-95 m. 19°34' S. I58°27' E: Gyrineum roseum ( 1).

Sta. DW 143.-45 m, 19°37' S, I58°25' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW 144.-50 m, 19°28' S, 158°23' E: Gyrineum roseum (5; 2 nzgs WM 15832), Cymaiium labiosum (1).

Sta. DWI47.-25 m, 19°37' S, 158°14' E: Distorsio anus (1 lv. small adult).

Sta. DW 148.-34 m. 19°54’ S. 158°27' E: Gyrineum roseum (2).

Sta. DW 150.-39 m. 19°54' S. I58°25' E: Cymaiium muricinum (I). C vespaceum (1).

Sta. DW 153.-45 m. 19°52' S. 158°23' E: Gyrineum roseum (1).

Sta. DW 154.-35 m, 19°52' S. 158°27’ E: Cymaiium exaratum (1). C. gutturnium (1).

Sta. DW 156.-42 m. 19°49' S. 158°21' E: Gyrineum roseum (7), Cymaiium comptum (2). C. dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW 157.-51 m. I9°49' S. 158° 18' E: Gyrineum roseum (1). Cymaiium dunkeri (I >.

Sta. DW 160.-35-41 m, 19°46' S, 158°23' E: Gyrineum roseum (2). Cymaiium comptum (1).

Sta. DW 164.-58 m, 19°41 ’ S. 158° 19' E: Cymaiium labiosum < 1).

W. Hot Reynart. dived 6 m: Gyrineum roseum (1). Bursa rosa (1).

NEW CALEDONIA proper

Programme lagon, coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM. 1984-1989. Station list and narrative: Richer deForges (1991).

Secteur de Noumea

Sta. 3.-15 m, 22°21' S. 166°22' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2), Cymaiium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 5.-10 m. 22°24' S. 166°22’ E: Cymaiium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 9.-10 m, 22°22' S. 166°19' E: Cymaiium labiosum (2; 1 NZGS WM15817).

Sta. 10.-15 m, 22°20' S, 166°20' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 16.-30 m, 22°21' S, 166°38' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymaiium pyrum (1 juv.). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 17.-24 m, 22° 19* S, 166°39’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1)-

Sta. 20.-23 m, 22°2F S. 166°25' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 21.-10 m, 22°23' S, 166°23‘ E: Cymaiium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 23.-10-18 m. 22°24’ S, 166°25’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 25.-28 m, 22°21' S, I66°27’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3).

Sta. 28.-9 m, 22° 15' S, 166°33’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (I).

Sta. 29.-12 m, 22° 1 T S, 166°34’ E: Cymaiium dunkeri (1).

Sta. 30.-24 m, 22°'18' S, 166°33' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 32.-30 m, 22°23’ S. I66°29’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 46.-25 m, 22°13' S, 166° 18' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 49.-10 m. 22° 19’ S. 166° 14' E: Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. 51.-10 m, 22° 15’ S, 166°11' E: Cymaiium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 52.-13 m. 22° 14' S. 166° 14' E: Bursa rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 53.-12 m, 22° 13' S, 166° 13' E: Cymaiium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 55.-23 m, 22° 11' S. 166° 17’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (I). C. gutturnium (1). Distorsio reticularis (I).

Sta. 56.-11 m, 22° 10' S. 166° 15’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 57.-10 m, 22°12’ S, 166° 14’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 58.-22 m. 22°09' S, 166° 13' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

lie Ouen-Baie du Prony

Sta. 63.-20 m. 22°26' S. 166°26' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I), Cymatium vespaceum (1). Bufonaria thersites (I).

Sta. 66.-15 m, 22°28' S, 166°27' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 67.-21 m. 22°26' S. 166°29’ E: Bursa rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 68.-22-40 m, 22°24’ S. 166°30' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (I). G. lacunatum (1). Cymaiium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 69.-13 m. 22°23' S. 166°32’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (3).

Sta. 71.-22 m. 22°20' S, 166°34’ E: Cymatium pyrum (1 good lv half-grown shell, with periostracum and part of protoconch).

Sta. 72.-15 m. 22° 19' S, 166°35' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 73.-15 m. 22° 18' S. I66°39' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 79.-16 m. 22°29' S. 166°29’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium comptum (2), C. labiosum (1). Bursa granularis (3; 2 nzgs WMI5785),

B. rhodostoma (3; 2 nzgs WM 15796).

Sta. 80.-33 m, 22°311' S. 166°28' E: Cymatium labiosum (3). Bufonaria thersites (1).

Sta. 82.-10 m. 22°33' S. 166°29' E: Cymatium labiosum (1). Bursa granularis (1), B. rosa (1).

Sta. 83.-22 m. 22°32' S. I66°30’ E: Bursa rosa (3: 1 NZGS WM 15798).

Sta. 84.-17 m. 22°30' S, 166°3F E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Bursa rhodostoma ( I).

Sta. 85.-21 m. 22°29' S, 166°32' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2).

Sta. 89.-32 ni. 22°22' S. 166°38' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3).

Sta. 92.-24 m, 22°27' S. 166°37' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3), G. lacunatum (2).

Sta. 97.-20 m. 22°35' S. I66°30' E: Cymatium rubeculum (1 lv adult).

Sta. 98.-15 m, 22°36' S. 166°32’ E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. 99.-14 m. 22°33' S, 166°35’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1), Bursa rhodostoma (2).

Sta. 100.-15 in, 22°33’ S, 166°35' E: Tutufa bufo( 1).

Sta. 101.-18 m, 22°3F $. I66°36' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1 lv).

Sta. 101 bis.-18 m, 22°31' S. 166°36' E: Bursa granularis (1).

236

ALAN G. BEU

Sta. 107.-33 m, 22°22’ S, 166°42' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 110 bis.-40 m, 22°24' S, 166°47' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (19; 4 nzgs WMI5829).

Sta. 111.-25 m. 22°24’ S. 166°48’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 112.-42 m, 22°24’ S. 166°48' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2), G. lacunatum (3), Cymatium comptum (2).

Sta. 113.-32 m, 22°23’ S. 166°48' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1 lv), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 116.-43 m, 22°25’ S, 166°44' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (4).

Sta. 119.-20 m, 22°28’ S, 166°46' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 120.-46 m, 22°28' S. I66°44‘ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 121.-12 m, 22°28’ S, 166°43' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 123.-21 m. 22°30' S. 166°40’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 124.-18 m. 22°3 1' S. 166°41 ' E: Bursa granularis ( 1 ).

Sta. 127.-55 m. 22°31* S. I66°46' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (5; 3 nzgs WM15828).

Sta. 129.-44-55 m. 22°31' S. 166°47' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 131.-38 m. 22°28' S. 166°50' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (7). Cymatium pileare (1). C. vespaceum (I).

Sta. 133.-59-62 m. 22°24' S. 166°52' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (6).

Sta. 139.-45 m. 22°23’ S. 166°51' E: Distorsio parvimpedita (2).

Sta. 143.-32 m. 22°20’ S. I66°49' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Distorsio parvimpedita (4).

Sta. 144.-25 m, 22° 19’ S. 166°5r E; Distorsio parvimpedita (1).

Sta. 146.-40-52 m. 22°24' S 166°55' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2). G. lacunatum (7). Cymatium dunkeri (1 NZGS WM15814).

Sta. 147.-50-60 m. 22°26‘ S. 166°54' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2). G. lacunatum (1).

Sta. 150.-62-68 m. 22°30' S. I66°50‘ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (4).

Sta. 151.-31-33 m, 22°32' S. 166°48' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 152.-23 m. 22°32' S, I66°43' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 154.-29 m, 22°33' S. 166°40' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 155.-23 m, 22°32’ S, 166°38’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 159.-17 m, 22°38‘ S. I66°36' E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. 160.-10 m. 22°36' S, 166°37' E: Cymatium rubeculum (1 lv adult).

Sta. 161.-20 m, 22°34’ S, 166°38' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1 lv). Bursa granularis (1).

Baie de St Vincent

Sta. 169.-22 m, 22°08’ S. 166°08' E: Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. 171.-32 m, 22°irS, 166°06’E: Bursa granularis (\).

Sta. 172.-30-60 m, 22° I O' S. I66°06' E: Bursa rosa ( 1).

Sta. 180.-10 m. 21°60' S. I66°05' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 181.-10 m. 22°01' S. 166°05' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 182.-8 m, 22°00' S. 166°06’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. 193.-20 m. 21°60' S. I66°00' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 198.-14 m, 21°59’ S, I66°04' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 200.-18 m. 22°01' S. I65°59‘ E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 201.-17 m. 21°60' S. 165°59' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (I).

Sta. 203.-13 m, 21°58' S, 165°57' E: Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. 215.-14 m. 21°53' S. I66°50' E: Cymatium muricinum (1)

Sta. 216.-14 m, 21°53' S, 166°49' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 217.-16 m, 21 °53' S, 165°47' E: Bursa granularis (1).

lie Ouen-Baie du Prony

Sta. 225.-15 m, 22°36‘ S, 166°40' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 226.-28 m, 22°38' S, 166°39' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 229.-41 m. 22°39‘ S, 166°40‘ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 230.-35 m, 22°38' S. I66°41’ E: Distorsio anus (1 lv small).

Sta. 232.-28 m. 22°35‘ S. I66°43' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3).

Sta. 233.-30 m, 22°35' S, 166°46' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 234bis.-60 m. 22°32' S. 166°51' E: Cymatium exaratum (1).

Sta. 240.-42 m, 22°23' S. 166°59’ E: Cymatium springsteeni (1 adult).

Sta. 243.-29 m, 22°24’ S, 167°0I' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 244.-37 m, 22°25’ S. I66°60' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 247.-43 m. 22°24' S, 166°51' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (1).

Sta. 248.-47 m, 22°24’ S. I66°47' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 249.-11 m, 22°25’ S, 166°42' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (2).

Secteur de Noumea

Sta. 250.-10 m, 27° 19’ S, 166°26' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta 251.-20 m. 22° 19’ S. 166°25' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (2). Cymatium vespaceum (1 lv).

Sta. 259.-18 m, 22°20' S. 166°22’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 260.-23 m, 22° 18' S. 166°23’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I).

Sta. 261.-19 m, 22° 17' S, 166°24' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 262.-21 m, 22° 15' S, 166°23' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 264.-19 m. 22° 19' S. 166°20’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium vespaceum (1 nzgs WM15810).

Sta. 265.-15 m. 22°20' S, 166° 19' E: Cymatium nicobaricum (1 lv adult).

Sta. 270.-25 m, 22° 16' S, 166° 19' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 271 -22 m, 22° 15’ S. 166°21' E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. 272.-20 m. 22° 13’ S, 166°22' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (5). Bursa granularis (2).

Sta. 275.-19 m, 22°14' S, 166°18’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3).

Sta. 276.-26 m, 22° 16' S, 166° 17' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 277.-30 m. 22° 17' S, 166° 16' E; Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 279.-29 m, 22°21’ S, I66°27' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

237

Sta. 283.-13 m, 22°27’ S, 166°24’ E: Bursa granularis ( I).

Sta. 284.-6 m, 22°26' S, 166°25' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 285.-19 m, 22°24' S, I66°26' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 286.-28 m, 22°23' S, 166°27’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum ( 1).

Sta. 287.-29 m, 22°21’ S, 166°29' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 289.-23 m, 22° 17’ S. 166°31 * E: Gyrineum gyrinum (6).

Grand Recif Sud

Sta. 296.-26 m, 22°41' S, I66°44‘ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1), C. dunkeri (1), C. labiosum (1).

Sta. 297.-30 m, 22°39‘ S, 166°46’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 301.-46 m, 22°35' S. 166°52' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2). G. lacunatum (2). Cymatium exaratum (1 NZGS WM15807).

Sta. 312.-26 m, 22°42' S. 166°49’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 313.-30 m, 22°40' S. 166°50' E: Cymatium labiosum (1).

Sta. 315.-50 m, 22°37' S, 166°53’ E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 316.-68 m, 22°35' S, 166°54' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 317.-66 m, 22°33’ S, 166°53' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 319.-75 m, 22°32' S. 166°57' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). G. longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 320.-70 m, 22°32’ S, 166°54' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 322.-71 m, 22°30' S. 166°58' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (4).

Sta. 324.-39 m, 22°24' S, 167°03’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (3), Cymatium exaratum (1). C. gutturnium (1 small juv.).

Sta. 326.-67 m, 22°26' S, 167°02’ E: G. longicaudatum (3). Cymatium exaratum (1).

Sta. 327.-60 m, 22°26' S. 167°04' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 328.-72 m, 22°2T S, 167°03' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium comptum (1). Tutu fa bufo (l juv.).

Sta. 331 -79 m, 22°33‘ S, 166°59’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 332.-80 m, 22°34' S. 166°57' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 334.-47 m, 22°38' S, I66°54' E: Cymatium comptum (2), C. exaratum (1).

Sta. 339.-26 m, 22°46' S, I66°48’ E: Bursa granularis (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 342.-55 m, 22°51 ’ S, 166°47’ E: Bursa granularis (I ). B. rosa (1).

Sta. 345.-39 m, 22°46’ S, 166°50' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 346.-40 m, 22°45' S. 166°52' E: Cymatium exaratum (1).

Sta. 350.-67 m, 22°39‘ S, 166°57' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 352.-82 m, 22°35' S, I66°60' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (3).

Sta. 356.-78 m, 22°29’ S, 167°05’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 357.-77 m, 22°30' S, 167°07' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (11), G. longicaudatum (1), Cymatium exaratum (2).

Sta. 358.-50 m, 22°31' S, I67°05' E: Cymatium comptum (2).

Sta. 359.-74 m, 22°23' S, 167°04’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I).

Sta. 368.-70 m, 22°35‘ S. 167°05’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 370.-127 m, 22°38’ S. I67°06' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (3).

Sta. 374.-70-72 m. 22°30' S. 167°09' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (3). G. longicaudatum (5; 1 NZGS WM 15656), Distorsio kurzi (1 lv, adult).

Sta. 375.-70-74 m. 22°30' S, 167°09‘ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium sarcostoma (I juv.).

Sta. 377.-56 m, 22°35' S, I67°08’ E: Cymatium dunkeri ( 1).

Sta. 378.-70-72 m, 22°40' S, 167° 11’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 381.-65 m, 22°28’ S, 167° 13’ E: Cymatium exaratum (1 lv).

Sta. 382.-57 m, 22°30' S. 167° 14' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 384.-70 m, 22°34' S, 167° 11' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2), G. longicaudatum (2).

Sta. 384bis.- 72 m, 22°34' S, 167° 11 * E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). G. longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 386.-128 m, 22°37' S, 167°09' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1), Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. 387.-225 m. 22°39’ S, 167°07' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (2).

Sta. 391 .-65 m, 22°46’ S. 167°01' E: Bursa granularis (1), B. rosa ( 1).

Sta. 392.-80 m, 22°48’ S. 167°02’ E: Bursa lucaensis (2).

Sta. 397.-125 m, 22°39’ S, 167°11' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. 398.-71 m, 22°37' S, 167° 12' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 400.-64 m, 22°34’ S, 167° 14’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 403.-45 m, 22°35' S, 167° 18’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (4; 1 NZGS WM 15831).

Sta. 405.-27 m, 22°38' S. 167°20' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. 409.-18 m, 22°42‘ S, 167°24' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 414.-60 m, 22°37' S, 167° 16' E: Distorsio parvimpedita (1).

Sta. 429.-95 m, 22°40' S. 167° 15' E: Cymatium caudatum (1).

Lagon Nord

Sta. 477.-50 m, 18°51’ S, 163°27' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 478.-35 m, 18°53' S, 163°27' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I), Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 480.-31 m, 18°56' S, 163°29' E: Cymatium comptum (2; 1 NZGS WM 15805), Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 481.-33 m, 18°57' S, 163°32’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 483.-33 m, 19°01' S, 163°32’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 484.-35 m, I9°00’ S, 163°35' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 488.-38 m, 18°53' S, 163°30' E: Distorsio reticularis (2).

Sta. 489.-43 m, 18°51' S, 163°29' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium aquatile (1). C. gemmatum (1).

Sta. 490.-230 m, 18°55' S, 163°24‘ E: Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. 495.-80 m. 19°04’ S, I63°06' E: Cymatium dunkeri { 1).

Sta. 496.-215 m, I9°04’S. 163° 10' E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. 497.-255 m. 18°57' S, 163°28’ E: Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. 517.-42 m, 19°09’ S, 163°35' E: Cymatium pileare (6 juv.; 2 NZGS WM 15808), C. vespaceum (1). C. labiosum (1).

Sta. 518.-38 m. 19°05' S, 163°35' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 521.-39 m, 19°05' S, 163°38’ E: Bursa granularis (2).

Sta. 522.-42 m, 19°08’ S, 163°38' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium labiosum (1), Bufonaria thersites (1).

Source: MNHN, Paris

238

ALAN G. BEU

Sta. 523.-47 m, 19° 11' S, I63°39' E: Bufonaria thersites (1).

Sta. 524.-50 m, 19° 14’ S, 163°40’ E: Distorsio reticularis (I).

Sta. 526.-54 m, 19°20' S, 163°40' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 529.-50 m. 19°29' S. I63°28' E: Gyrineum Inclination (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 532.-56 m, 19°20' S, I63°27' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 534.-48 m, 19°14‘ S, 163°26' E: Cymatium labiosum (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 535.-46 m, 19°11' S, 163°25' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (I). Bufonaria thersites (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 536.-61 m. 19°09' S. I63°23’ E: Cymatium rubeculum (1).

Sta. 539.-240 m, 19°05' S. 163° I T E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. 541.-45 m. 19°06' S, 163° 13' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 542.-50 m. 19°06' S, 163° 10' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (8) f C. exaratum (3), C. guttumium (2 small juv.). C dunkeri (2: 1

Iv). C. testudinarium (1 excellent adult), C. labiosum (1). Bufonaria thersites ( 1). Distorsio reticularis (6).

Grand RecifSud

Sta. 545.-37 m. 22°52‘ S. 166°50’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium comptum (1), C. dunkeri (1 Iv), Bursa rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 546.-33 m, 22°53' S. 166°52' E: Bursa granulans (1). B. rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 549.-26 m, 22°58' S, 166°56' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 550.-24 m. 22°59' S. I66°58' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 551 .-9 m. 23°00’ S. 166°59‘ E: Cymatium aquatile (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 552.-38 m. 22°54' S, I66°55' E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. 553.-39 m, 22°51' S, 166°55’ E: Cymatium exaratum (I).

Sta. 555.-32 m, 22°50' S. 166°51' E: Bufonaria thersites (1).

Sta. 558.-43 m. 22°46' S. I66°54' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium sarcostoma (1 adult).

Sta. 560.-48 m, 22°43' S. 166°57' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Cymatium vespaceum (I).

Sta. 561.-48 m, 22°42' S, 166°59' E: Bursa granularis (I).

Sta. 564.-35 m. 22°47' S. I66°56' E: Cymatium pileare (1).

Sta. 565.-52 m, 22°49’ S. 166°55’ E: Cymatium pileare (1).

Sta. 569.-62 m, 22°49' S. 166°59' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 570.-53 m, 22°50‘ S. 167°01' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Distorsio panimpedita (1).

Sta. 571.-40 m, 22°52' S, 167°02’ E: Cymatium aquatile (1).

Sta. 572.-65 m. 22°52' S. I67°00' E: Cymatium succinctum (1 half grown spin), C. exaratum (1).

Sta. 580.-95-100 m, 22°44' S. 167° 19’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Bursa rhodostoma (1). Distorsio decipiens (1).

lie des Pins

Sta. 581 .-23 m, 22°42' S. 167°26' E: Gyrineum lacunatum < 1), Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 588.-32 m. 22°32’ S, 167°26' E: Cymatium aquatile (1).

Sta. 592.-22 m. 22°34’ S. 167°22’ E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 596.-35 m. 22°3I' S. I67°21' E: Cymatium nicobaricum (1 juv.), Bufonaria thersites (1).

Seeteur de Yate

Sta. 597B.-50-70 m, 22°20' S. 167°04’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 598.-73-75 m. 22° 19' S. 167°06’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (7). G. longicaudatum (3). Cymatium dunkeri (I), Distorsio reticularis (2).

Sta. 599.-50 m. 22° 17' S, I67°06’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 600.-62-65 m, 22°18' S, I67°04’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 601.-47-48 m. 22°18* S, I67°03' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 602.-43-48 m. 22°16' S. 167°03’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 603.-78-80 m, 22° 16' S. 167°05' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (6), G. longicaudatum (4; 1 nzgs WM15657), Cymatium exaratum (1 Iv),

C. labiosum (I).

Sta. 604.-80 m. 22° 14’ S. 167°04' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). G. longicaudatum (1), Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 606.-46-48 m, 22° 13' S, 167°0I' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 607.-48-54 m, 22° 12' S. I67°03' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 614.-48-50 m, 22°08’ S, 166°58’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 619.-27-42 m, 22°03' S. 166°54' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 623.-32-40 m. 22°01’ S. 166°51 ’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 625.-34-40 m, 21°59’ S, 166°54’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 633.-50 m, 21°56' S, 166°48' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Distorsio reticularis (I).

Sta. 636.-34-40 m, 2I°59' S. 166°43’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (5).

Sta. 637.-60-65 m, 21°57' S, 166°42’ E: Distorsio parxnmpedita (1).

Sta. 641 .-50-52 m, 21 °53' S. 166°43' E: Gyrineum gyrinum ( 1), Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 645.-51 m, 21°50' S. 166°40' E: Bursa rhodostoma ( 1).

Seeteur de Thio

Sta. 648.-22-25 m, 21°53' S, 166°35' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 649.-64-65 m, 21 °51' S. 166°37' E: Cymatium sinense (1, a half grown shell).

Sta. 656.-30-40 m. 21 °49' S, 166°33' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (I). Cymatium caudatum (1).

Sta. 657.-40-42 ni, 21°48' S. 166°34’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2).

Sta. 662.-50 m, 2I°44' S. I66°32’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3). Cymatium rubeculum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 663.-38-40 m, 21°42' S, 166°31' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 669.-30-40 m. 21 °41’ S. 166°26' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 672.-15-20 in, 21°41' S, I66°23' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 675.-43 m, 21°36' S. I66°24' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 676.-41 m. 21°35' S. 166°23' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 679.-29-30 m, 21°38' S. 166° 18’ E: Distorsio parx’impedita (1).

Sta. 682.-36-37 m, 2I°34' S. 166° 19' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium rubeculum (I).

Sta. 686.-33-35 m, 2I°34’ S. 166° 16' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 688.-36-40 m, 22°31‘ S, 166° 15' E: Cymatium labiosum (1).

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239

Sta. 691.-33-34 m, 21°34’ S. 166° 11' E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 juv.).

Sta. 692.-44-48 m, 2I°32' S. 166° 12’ E: Bursa granulans (I).

Sta. 695.-54-55 m, 21 °31' S, I66°l 1' E: Cymatium vespaceum (I). C. caudatum (1).

Secteur de Canala

Sta. 696.-41-57 m, 2I°29’ S. 166° 12’ E: Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. 698.-40-43 m, 21°29’ S. I66°09' E: Cyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 699.-50-52 m, 21 °31‘ S. 166°08' E: Distorsio parximpedita (1).

Sta. 701 .-36-39 m. 2I°28' S. 166°07' E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. 702.-37 m, 21°27’ E, 166°08' E: Cymatium aquatile (1).

Sta. 710.-30-31 m, 21°24' E. I66°03' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (I).

Sta. 711 .-55-56 m. 21°26' E, 166°02' E: Distorsio parxnmpedita (2).

Sta. 712.-47-49 m, 21°25' E, 166°00’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Bursa granularis (I >.

Sta. 713.-34-35 m, 21°23' E, 166°01' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 714.-37-38 m. 21 °21 S, 166°02’ E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. 716.-30 m, 21°22' S, I65°59' E: Cymatium dunkeri ( 1).

Sta. 723.-45 m, 2I°22' S, I65°57’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum < 1). G. lacunatum (1).

Sta. 726.-50-51 m, 21°20’ S, 165°55' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (1).

Sta. 728.-43-47 m. 21°2L S, 165°52’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (4).

Sta. 731.-37-42 m, 21 ° 17' S. 165°52' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Secteur de Yate

Sta. 735.-15-34 m, 22°05' S. 166°57' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 737.-49-50 m, 22°08' S, 166°59’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (4). Cymatium dunkeri (1 NZGS WM15815).

Secteur de Canala

Sta. 742.-77-78 m, 22° 14’ S, 167°03' E: Cymatium exaratum (1).

Secteur de Yate

Sta. 744.-76-81 m, 22°14’ S. 167°03’ E: Cymatium gutturnium (1 small juv.).

Sta. 745.-78-80 m, 22°I4' S. 167°03’ E: Distorsio decipiens ( 1).

Secteur de Canala

Sta. 747.-31-33 m. 21 °15’ S, I65°51' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I). Cymatium gutturnium (I Iv). Bufonaria thersites (1).

Sta. 749.-49 m. 21 °18' S. 165° 18' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Cymatium vespaceum (1). C. caudatum (1).

Sta. 754.-36 m. 21° 13’ S. 165°49’ E: Cymatium rubeculum ( 1).

Sta. 757.-44 m, 21 ° 15' S. 165°46' E: Cymatium aquatile (1), C. vespaceum (1).

Sta. 758.-37-42 m, 21 0 17’ S, I65°44' E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 small).

Sta. 759.-32 m, 21 ° 17' S. 165°42' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 760.-43 m. 21° 15’ S. 165°43' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Secteur de Poindimie

Sta. 765.-35 m, 21°14' S. 165°42' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 766.-26 m. 21 ° 16' S. 166°4I' E: Bursa granularis (2).

Sta. 769.-39 m, 21 ° 12' S. 165°40' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 771.-34 m. 2I°09' S, I65°42' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (I). G. lacunatum (1). Cymatium gutturnium (1 small juv.).

Sta. 772.-30 m. 21 °08’ S. 165°41' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 775.-28 m, 21° 13' S. 165°37' E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 small).

Sta. 781.-36 m. 21°05' S. 165°38' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 783.-47 m, 21°08’ S. I65°36’ E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 large).

Sta. 786.-40-52 m. 21°05’ S. I65°35’ E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 juv.).

Sta. 788.-33 m, 21°02' S. I65°35' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (I), Cymatium labiosum (1). Distorsio parvimpedita (I).

Sta. 790.-51 m, 21°05' S. I65°33' E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 small).

Sta. 791.-33 m. 21°07' S, 165°31' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 797.-92 m. 20°58' S. I65°33’ E: Cymatium pfeifferianum (1).

Sta. 801.-29 m. 2I°02' S, I65°29' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium labiosum (2; I NZGS WMI5816). Bursa granularis (I).

Sta. 805.-38 m. 21°03’ S. 165°28’ E: Bufonaria perelegans (I small).

Sta. 807.-55 m, 20°59' S. 165°29' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 808.-30 m. 20°57’ S, 165°30' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). C. lacunatum (1).

Sta. 809.-34 m, 20°56' S, 165°28' E: Cymatium labiosum (1).

Sta. 813.-47 m. 2I°06' S, 165°25' E: Bufonaria perelegans (2 juv.). Distorsio parvimpedita (1).

Sta. 814.-38-50 m. 21°56’S. 165°26' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (1). Cymatium pileare (1), C. vespaceum (1). Distorsio

parvimpedita (1).

Sta. 815.-32 m, 21°54' S. 165°27' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I). Cymatium vespaceum (I).

Sta. 816.-31 m, 21°53' S. 165°25' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 820.-44 m. 20°54' S. 165°22' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium aquatile (1). C. gutturnium (2 small juv.).

Sta. 821 .-32 m, 20°52' S, 165°23' E: Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 824.-30 m, 20°55' S, I65°20' E: Distorsio parx impedita (1). D. reticularis (I).

Sta. 826.-28 m, 20°53' S. 165° 17’ E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 med).

Sta. 827.-53 m. 20°52’ S, 165° 18' E: Bufonaria perelegans (2; 1 juv.. 1 med).

Sta. 828.-28 m, 20°50’ S. 165°20' E: Gyrineum gyrinum. (1)

Sta. 830.-105-110 m. 20°49' S. 165° 19' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (3). Cymatium rubeculum (1). Distorsomina pusilla (2).

Sta. 832.-32 m, 20°51' S, 165° 15' E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 juv.).

Sta. 833.-52-70 m. 20°50’ S. 165°18' E: Cymatium caudatum (2), Bufonaria perelegans (18med to large of which 7 Iv: 3 NZGS WM15802),

Distorsio parx impedita (22; 3 nzgs WM 15623), D. reticularis (1).

Sta. 834.-58 m, 20°48' S. 165°16' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (12).

Sta. 836.-57 m, 20°46' S. 165° 16' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (12; 3 NZGS WMI5830). Bursa lucaensis (1, maroon Iv). Tutufa bufo (I juv.).

240

ALAN G. BEU

Grand Recif Mengalia

Sta. 837.-28-36 m. 20°46' S, 165° 14' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 840.-44 m. 20°43' S. 165° 13' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (1).

Sta. 843.-33 m, 20°44' S, 165° 10' E: Cymatium pileare (1).

Sta. 849.-41 m, 20°41' S, 165° 11 ’ E: Bufonaria perelegans (2 juv.).

Sta. 850.-38 m, 20°42' S. 165° 10' E: Bursa granularis (1). Disiorsio panimpedita (1).

Sta. 851.-31 m, 20°44' S, 165°08' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 852.-34 m, 20°43’ S, I65°06' E: Cymatium pileare (1).

Sta. 855.-22 m. 20°38’ S. 165°09‘ E: Gyrineum lacunatum ( I), Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 856.-30 m, 20°37' S. 165° 11' E: Cymatium labiosum (1).

Sta. 858.-220 m, 20°37' S. 165°07’ E: Biplexpulchra (1).

Sta. 862.-32 m, 20°41' S. 165°05' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1 Iv).

Sta. 864.-26 m, 20°38' S. 165°08' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 867.-25 m, 20°39' S. I65°01' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium muricinum (1). C. labiosum (1).

Sta. 869.-44 m, 20°39’ S. I64°58' E: Bufonaria perelegans (1 juv.. I med).

Secteur de Pouebo

Sta. 876.-30-70 m, 20°35’ S. 164°51' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 885.-32 m. 20°26' S. 164°42’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 886.-20 m. 20°24' S. 164°41' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 893.-17 m. 20° 17’ S. I64°30' E: Cymatium gemmatum (I Iv juv.).

Sta. 895.-16 m, 20°16' S. 164°27' E: Cymatium vespaceum (2). Bufonaria thersites (1).

Sta. 898.-22 m. 20° 14' S. 164°27’ E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. 899.-16 m. 20° 14' S. 164°25’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 900.-40 m, 20° 15' S. 164°23’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium aquatile (I).

Secteur de Koumac

Sta. 905.-56-57 m. 20°59' S, 164°37' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (5). Cymatium vespaceum (2), Distorsio reticularis (1). Tutufa oyamai (1 broken

juv.).

Sta. 910.-15-26 m. 20°58' S. 164°36‘ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1 Iv).

Sta. 911 -13-19 m. 20°57' S. 164°35' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 912.-8-12 m. 20°57’ S. 164°33' E: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 915.-12-13 m. 20°54' S. I64°29' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 921.-10-11 m. 20°51' S. I64°27* E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1 lv).

Sta. 923.-9 m, 20°49' S. 164°24‘ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), Cymatium mundum (1). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 928.-7-10 m. 20°45' S. 164°23' E: Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. 932.-23 m. 20°46' S. 164° 17' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 933.-90-100 m. 20°45' S. 164°15' E: Tutufa bufo (1 juv.).

Sta. 936.-14-15 m, 20°41' S. 164° 16' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 937.-50-55 m. 20°40' S. 164° 15' E: Cymatium pileare (I). Gyrineum gyrinum (1), Bufonaria thersites (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 939.-12 m. 20°37‘ S. 164° 16' E: Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. 940.-10 m. 20°38' S. 164° 16' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3; 2 lv). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 941.-15-16 m. 20°39' S. 164° 13' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 942.-15 m. 20°37' S. 164°13' E: Cymatium muricinum (1). Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. 948.-16 m, 20°32' S, 164°09’ E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 951.-12 m. 20°30’ S, 164° 12' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (1 nzgs WM15811).

Sta. 954.-15-17 m. 20°31' S, 164°03' E: Bursa rosa { 1).

Sta. 955.-19 m. 20°30’ S. 164°05' E: Cymatium mundum (1).

Sta. 957.-17-18 m, 20°28' S. 164°09' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3).

Sta. 958.-18-19 m. 20°26' S. 164°07' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium vespaceum (2 lv; 1 nzgs WM15809).

Secteur de Poum

Sta. 962.-25-26 m, 20°37’ S. 164°0I' E: Cymatium muricinum (1 juv.), C. vespaceum (1).

Sta. 965.-17-18 m. 20°24' S. I64°07’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 966.-13-14 m, 20°22' S, 164°07' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (6), Cymatium vespaceum (2).

Sta. 967.-12-16 m, 20°22‘ S, 164°07' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (6).

Sta. 975.-23-24 m, 20°22' S, I64°03' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2).

Sta. 977.-12-15 m. 20° 19' S. I64°07' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 978.-19 m, 20°20' S, 164°03' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (4).

Sta. 979.-15-18 m, 20° 18' S, 164°03' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2), Cymatium vespaceum (1), C. sarcostoma (1 adult).

Sta. 980.-18 m, 20° 18’ S, 164°02' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (3). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 983.-38-68 m. 20°23‘ S, 163°57’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2), G. lacunatum (13). Cymatium comptum (2). Distorsio kurzi (1 juv., with brown

aperture).

Sta. 985.-15-17 m, 20°20' S, 163°58' E: Cymatium nicobaricum (1 lv. half grown), Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. 994.-70 m, 20° 16' S, 163°53' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 995.-35-36 m, 20° 15' S, 163°55’ E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1001.-8-9 m, 20° 10' S, I64°03' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2).

Sta. 1002.-7-8 m, 20°09' S, 164°02' E: Cymatium pileare ( 1).

Sta. 1006.-18-25 m, 20° 13' S, 163°57' E: Cymatium comptum (1). Bursa rhodostoma (1 NZGS WM 15797).

Sta. 1011.-14 m. 20°08' S, 163°59‘ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 1014.-22-23 m. 20°09' S, 163°53' E: Tutufa oyamai (1 Iv adult).

Sta. 1017.-21 m, 20°08' S, 163°51' E: Bursa rhodostoma (2; I nzgs WM 15795).

Sta. 1020.-17 m. 20°04' S, 163°57' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 1023.-27 m, 20°04’ S, 163°52’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 1024.-26 m, 20°06' S, 163°50’ E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1025.-25-28 m. 20°07’ S. 163°49’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1), Distorsio reticularis (1).

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241

Sta. 1026.-29 m, 20°05’ S, 163°48’ E: Gyrineum lacumitum (I).

Sta. 1027.-29 m. 20°03' S, 163°51' E: Gyrineum lacumitum (I).

Sta. 1029.-26-27 m, 20°02' S, 163°53' E: Cymatium muricinum (1).

Sta. 1030.-23-26 m, 20°0r S, 163°53‘ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 1032.-20-21 m, 19°59'S, 163°54’ E: Distorsio reticularis ( 2; 1 nzgs WM15826).

Secteur de Balabio

Sta. 1040.-16-17 m, 20°01' S, I64°00’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 1046.-6-7 m. 20°05' S, 164°07' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (3; 2 lv; 1 nzgs WM 15827). Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 1047.-11-12 m, 20°03’ S. 164°08’ E: Cymatium comptum (1 lv).

Secteur des Belep

Sta. 1068.-26 m. I9°57' S. 163°53’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1069.-30 m, 19°59' S, 163°53’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (1), Cymatium vespaceum (2; 1 lv). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1088.-23 m, 19°46' S. 163°58’ E: Bursa granularis (3; 2 nzgs WM 15784).

Sta. 1100.-39 m, 19°45’ S. 163°48' E: Cymatium mundum (1).

Sta. 1105.-25 m, 19°40’ S. 163°57' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium dunkeri (1), C. labiosum (1).

Sta. 1115.-42 m, 19°38' S, I63°51' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1116.-38 m. 19°37' S. I63°53' E: Distorsio reticularis ( 1).

Sta. 1123.-36 m. 19°37' S. 163°37' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 1126.-41 m. 19°33' S. I63°46' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 1128.-26 m, 19°31' S. 163°52‘ E: Cymatium aquatile (1).

Sta. 1129.-40 m, 19°29' S. 163°49' E: Cymatium exile (1 small juv.), C. labiosum (I). C. pileare (1). Bufonaria thersites (2; 1 nzgs WM 15801).

Sta. 1134.-40 m, 19°31 ’ S. 163°35' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. I 139.-39 m. 19°24’ S, 163°47' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1). Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 1140.-44 m. 19°24' S, I63°44’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 1 143.-54 m, 19°23' S, I63°38’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1), C. labiosum (1).

Sta. 1145.-38 m, 19°21' S, I63°45' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 1147.-210 m. 19°08' S. I63°30’ E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. 1148.-220 m, I9°07‘ S, I63°30’ E: Biplex pulchra (1). Cymatium tenuiliratum (1 small juv.).

Sta. 1152.-335 m, 18°58‘ S, 163°24' E: DistorsioneUa pseudaphera (2 narrow form; 1 nzgs WM 15620).

Sta. 1154.-40 m, I9°09‘ S. 163° 19' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 1155.-48 m, 19°09' S, 163°16' E: Cymatium vespaceum (5), Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1156.-55 m. 19° 10' S. 163° 13' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (3).

Sta. I 157.-48 m, 19° 10' S. 163° 10’ E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1158.-48 m. 19° 10‘ S, 163°07’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), G. roseum (1 white), Cymatium rubeculum (1).

Sta. 1159.-50 m. 19° 13' S, I63°07' E: Bursa rosa (1).

Sta. 1160.-65 m, 19° 13' S, 163° 10' E: Distorsio reticularis (3).

Sta. 1 163.-48 m, 19° I 1' S. I63°22' E: Cymatium comptum (1), Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1168.-50 m, 19° 16' S. 163°09' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 1174.-53 m, 19°21' S, 163° 14' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (4). Cymatium vespaceum (1). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1181.-45 m, 19°24’ S. 163° 15' E: Distorsio anus (1 lv. adult). D. reticularis (I).

Sta. 1182.-48 m, 19°27' S, 163° 16' E: Cymatium vespaceum (1). C. labiosum (1). Bursa rhodostoma (1), Bufonaria thersites (1). Distorsio

reticularis (3).

Sta. 1190.-40 m, 19°34' S. 163°31 ’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (l), Bursa granularis (3). Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1193.-52 m, 19°33' S. 163°23' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 1196.-30 m, 19°33' S. 163°21' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I).

Sta. 1197.-41 m, I9°36'S. 163°22'E: Bufonaria thersites (I).

Sta. 1206.-36 m, 19°44’ S. 163°27' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

Sta. 1208.-30 m. 19°43’ S, 163°36' E: Distorsio reticularis (1).

EXPEDITION MONTROLZIER. shallow-water collecting and dredging around northern New Caledonia, by P. Bouchet and colleagues,

September-October 1993. Narrative and report: Bouchet (1994).

Secteur de Touho

Sta. 1237.-20°46.9' S. 165° 13.8' E, 0-1 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), Cymatium mundum (1). C. muricinum (4), C. nicobaricum (3). C. rubeculum

(1 lv), Bursa granularis (I large).

Sta. 1240.- 20°46.5’ S. 165° 14 -15' S, 0-2 m: Charonia tritonis (1 lv. H 385 mm), Cymatium muricinum (3). Bursa granularis (4).

Sta. 124l.-20°48' S, 165° 15.7' E, 0-2 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium aquatile (3; 2 lv), C. mundum (2 lv). C muricinum (3 lv), C.

nicobaricum (2). C. vespaceum (I lv), Bursa granularis (47 most lv), B. rosa (1 lv).

Sta. 1242.- Flat alongside Touho wharf. 20°46.2* S. 165° 14.5' E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (5 lv). G. lacunatum (2 lv). Cymatium aquatile

(1 lv), C. mundum (15 lv), C. muricinum (22, many lv), C. nicobaricum (10. many lv), C. pileare (2 lv), C. vespaceum (1 lv). Bursa

granularis (71, many lv). B. rosa (1).

Sta. 1245.-Grand Recif Mengalia, 20°45.2' S, 165° 16.3' E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium aquatile (12, most lv). C. comptum (I,

large lv). C gemmatum (1 lv), C. hepaticum (1 small lv). C. mundum (3 lv), C. muricinum (2 lv). C. rubeculum (4 lv), Bursa

cruentata (6 lv), B. granularis (29. many lv), B. rhodostoma (2), B. rosa (2), Tutufa rubeta (2 lv).

Sta. 1246.-Ilot Ouao [= I. Camille], 20°42.8' S, 165°07.8' E, intertidal: Cymatium nicobaricum (1), Distorsio anus (I lv). Bursa granularis (2).

Sta. 1252.-Baie de Touho and vicinity, 20°46.5' S, 164°14'E, 1-4 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (7; 6 lv). Cymatium muricinum (2). C. nicobaricum

(1). Bursa granularis (5 lv), B. rosa (1 lv).

Sta. 1256.-Off Vieux-Touho, 20°45.0' S, I65°09.8' E. 15-20 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1).

Sta. 1259.-Baie de Touho. 20°44.6’ S, 165° 13.7' E, 15-35 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (I), G. lacunatum (2; 1 lv), Cymatium gemmatum (1). Bursa

granularis (1), B. rhodostoma (1), Distorsomina pusilla (1).

Sta. 1260,-Channel NE of Banc de Touho, 20°44‘ S, 165° 14' E. 49-59 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (3). G. lacunatum (13, most lv), Cymatium

comptum (2; 1 lv), C. vespaceum (5; 2 lv). Distorsio par\>impedita (1 lv).

Sta. 1261.-Touho Channel, 20°46.47' S, 165° 15' - 165°16.5' E, 45-56 m: Gyrineum lacunatum (33, many lv). Cymatium pfeifferianum (2 dd). C.

comptum (I).

242

ALAN G. BEU

Sta. 1266,-Inner side of Grand Recif Mengalia. 20°39.6* S, 165°14.7’ E, 10-15 m: Cyrineum gyrinum (2 Iv). Cymatium vespaceum (1). Bursa

granularis (1 lv).

Sta. 1268.-Near estuary of Thiem R., 20°45.2' S. 165°08.0’ E. 9-11 m: Cymatium vespaceum (1 lv). Distorsio anus (1 large, lv). Bursa

granularis (1). Bufonaria perelegans (2).

Sta. 1270,-Grand Recif Mengalia. outer slope. 20°45' S. 165° 16.5' E, 10-35 m: Cyrineum gyrinum (1). Bursa condita (1 lv). B. granularis (1

Iv). B. lamarckii (1 mature empty shell, bearing several Sabia limpets). Tutufa rubeta (1 lv).

Sta. l271.-Haut-Fond de Tie. 20°52.7’ S. 165° 19.5’ E. 5-25 m: Charonia tritonis (I Iv. H 310 mm). Tutufa bubo (one large Iv adult).

Sta. 1272.-Hot de Sable. Passe de Touho. 20°49.5' S. 165° 19.6’ S. 10 m: Tutufa rubeta (I Iv). Distorsio anus (1 lv).

Sta. 1274.-Recif de Koe. 20°47.7‘ S. 165°15.7’ E. 3-30 m: Tutufa rubeta ( 1).

Sta. 1276,-Hicnghene. Mission d'Ouare. 20°40.5’ S. I64°56.0’ E, intertidal: Cymatium aqua tile (1 lv), C. muricinum (2 Iv).

Secteur de Koumac

Sta. 1277.-Anse de Koumac (= Baie de Ouanap), 20°34’ S. 164°16' E. 0-2 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (9; 8 lv), Cymatium guttumium (2 dd nice

adults. 1 Iv; 1 NZGS WMI5812), C. labiosum (2; I Iv). C. mundum (2 Iv). C. vespaceum (3 Iv), Bursa granularis (2 lv).

Sta. 1278.-An.se dc Koumac. 20°34’ S, 164° 16' E, 0-2 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 1279,-Pointe de Pandop. 20°35' S. 164° 15.5’ E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (I), Cymatium mundum (1 Iv). Bursa granularis (I lv).

Sta. 1282.-Ilot Tangadiou. 20°33.5‘ S, 164° 13‘ E. intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (12 lv). Cymatium aquatile (1). Bursa granularis (2; I Iv).

Sta. 1283.-Ilot Magone. 20°33.5’ S, I64°12.2’ E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (1 Iv).

Sta. 1284.-Hot Rat (= Hot de la Table). 20°33.7' S. 164°11' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2 Iv), Cymatium nicobaricum (1 Iv), C. vespaceum (2 Iv),

Bursa granularis (3).

Sta. 1285.-Hot Kendec. 20°40.5’ S. 164°15.2’ E, intertidal: Cymatium muricinum (1), Bursa granularis (2; I Iv juv.), B. rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 1286.-Plateau Karembe, 20°38’ - 20°39' S. 164° 16’ - 164° 17’ E. intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (I Iv), Cymatium aquatile (2 Iv), C. mundum

(2 Iv), C. muricinum (3 lv). C. nicobaricum (2 Iv). Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 1287.-Recif de I'lnfernet, 20°37'S, 164°14’ E. intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (4 lv). Cymatium exile (1 adult Iv), C. nicobaricum (1 Iv),

Bursa granularis (10 Iv), B. rosa (I lv). Bufonaria thersites (1 lv).

Sta. 1288.-Sand cay in front of Kaala-Gomcn. 20°40’ S. 164° 19' E. intertidal: Cymatium nicobaricum <1 Iv).

Sta. 1289,-Paagoumene. 20°29.2' S, 164°10.2' E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (12; 6 lv), Cymatium mundum (4; 2 Iv), Bursa granularis (I lv).

Sta. 1290.-Paagoumene, 20°29.2‘ S. 164°I0.2’ E. intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (2 lv). Cymatium hepaticum (1).

Sta. 1291 -Pointe de Babouillat. 20°22.4’ S. I64°06.8' E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (10; 6 lv), Cymatium mundum (2 Iv), C. muricinum (2

lv), C. nicobaricum (1 Iv), Bursa granularis (2 lv).

Sta. 1292.-Pointe de Babouillat. 20°22.4' S. I64°06.8’ E, intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (4; 3 lv), Cymatium mundum (I lv), C. muricinum (1 lv),

C. vespaceum (1).

Sta. 1296 -Baie Banare. Hot Mouac, 20°I3.5’ S, 164°00.5' E. intertidal: Gyrineum gyrinum (3 Iv), Cymatium aquatile (I lv).

Sta. 1297.-Baie de Koumac. 20°34.5' S. 164° 15.5’ S: Gyrineum gyrinum (6; 5 lv), Cymatium vespaceum (2 lv).

Sta. 1298.-Pointe de Pandop, 20°35.2' S, 164° 16.6' E, 2-4 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (2).

Sta. 1299.-Between mainland and I'lnfernet Rf, 20°34.4’ S, 164°13.0' E, 12-14 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (39, most lv), G. lacunatum (I Iv),

Cymatium muricinum (1). C. succinctum (I half-grown spm, Iv), Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 1300.- Between mainland and I'lnfernet Rf. 20°35.6’ S. 164° 15.2’ S. 10-11 m: Bursa rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 1301.-Recif de I’lnfernet. 20°37.1 '-37.5' S, 164°14.7'-15.0' E. 1-5 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). Cymatium muricinum (1 lv), C. nicobaricum

(1 lv), Bursa granularis (2 lv). B. rosa (1 lv), Bufonaria thersites (3 Iv).

Sta. 1302.-Recif de I'lnfernet, 20°35.8' S, 164° 12.7’ E, inner slope: Gyrineum gyrinum (4; 3 Iv).

Sta. 1303.-Around Plateau Karembe, 20°37.7' - 20°38.8’ S, 164°15.9' - 164°17.1’ E, 0.8 m: Cymatium aquatile (5), C. muricinum (I), C.

nicobaricum (2 Iv). C. pileare (1 dd). Bursa granularis (3). Bufonaria thersites (5; 3 Iv), Tutufa bufo (1).

Sta. 1304.-lnfernet channel, 20°38.6' S, 164°13.2’ E, 12-15 m: Cymatium muricinum (1 Iv), C. vespaceum (1 Iv). Bursa granularis (4; 2 Iv), B.

rosa (2; 1 NZGS WMI5799). Bufonaria thersites (3; 1 Iv).

Sta. 1305.-Internet channel, 20°36.2'S, 164°11.0’E, 12-15 m: Cymatium guttumium (I Iv adult), C. muricinum (2 Iv), C. vespaceum (I lv),

Bufonaria thersites (I Iv). Tutufa bufo (1 med. Iv).

Sta. 1306.-Internet channel. 20°39.1' S, 164° 12.4' E, 11-13 m: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium gemmatum (1).

Sta. 1307.-Passe du Baron, 20°33.7’ S, 164° 10.3' E, 12 m: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 1308.-Tombant de I'llot Kendec. 24°40‘ S. 164° 15.2’ E, 15-20 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (2. 1 Iv), G. lacunatum (3). Bursa rhodostoma (2 lv).

B. rosa (1 lv).

Sta. 13l0.-Passe de Koumac, tombant Nord, 20°39.7’ S, 164° 14.9’ E, 15 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (3 lv), Cymatium comptum

(1). Bursa granularis (1 ). B. rhodostoma (2 Iv), B. rosa (3 lv).

Sta. 1311.-Passe de Koumac. tombant Est, 20°40.4' S, 164° 14.9' E. 10-16 m: Gyrineum lacunatum (6; 1 lv). G. roseum (I Iv juv., pale orange

with deep pink protoconch), Cymatium comptum (I Iv juv.), C. hepaticum (1. juv.), C. pileare (1).

Sta. I312.-Passe de Koumac, tombant Est, 20°40.4'S. 164° 14.9’E, 26-40 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (4; 1 Iv), G. lacunatum (9; 3 lv), Cymatium

comptum (4; 1 Iv), C. dunkeri (1 lv juv.). C. labiosum (2 lv), Bursa granularis (2 Iv), B. rhodostoma (8; 7 lv). Distorsomina pusilla

( 1 ).

Sta. 1314. - Channel of the Passe dc Koumac, 20° 39.8' E, 164° 15.3’ E, 30-63 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1 Iv). G. lacunatum (7; 2 Iv), Cymatium

comptum (1 lv), C. labiosum (2 Iv), Tutufa bufo (1 juv.), Distorsio decipens (3 small).

Sta. 1315.-Channel of the Passe de Koumac, 20°40.7' S. 164° 14.7’ E. 66-87 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1). G. lacunatum (10: 1 lv), Cymatium

comptum (2), C.fittkaui (1 small lv), Bursa granularis (2; 1 lv), B. rhodostoma (4).

Sta. 1316.-Grand Recif de Koumac, 20°40' S, 164° 11.2' E. 12 m. outer slope: Gyrineum lacunatum (5), G. roseum (1 Iv juv., deep pink),

Cymatium comptum (1 lv. juv.), C. hepaticum (1 Iv, juv.), C. rubeculum (1 dd). Bursa cruentata (3 lv; 1 NZGS WM15778). B.

granularis (2 Iv), Distorsomina pusilla (5; 3 lv).

Sta. 1318.-Grand Recif de Koumac. 20°40' S, 164°11.2' E, 20-30 m. outer slope: Gyrineum gyrinum (2; I lv), G. lacunatum (2 Iv). G. roseum

(I lv juv., bright deep pink), Cymatium comptum (1, Iv juv.), C. gemmatum (1), C. hepaticum (1), Bursa cruentata (1 small Iv). B.

granularis (3 lv). B. rhodostoma (5 Iv), B. rosa (I Iv). Tutufa rubeta (1 Iv). Distorsio anus (1 Iv), Distorsomina pusilla (3 Iv?).

Sta. I3I9.-Passe Deverd. 20°44.7' S. 164° 15.5’ E, 15-20 m: Gyrineum lacunatum (10; 7 lv), Cymatium aquatile (2, lv juv.), C. labiosum (1). C.

pileare (I dd, juv.), Bursa rhodostoma (5 Iv), B. rosa (2 Iv). Distorsio reticularis (1 juv.), Distorsomina pusilla (5 Iv!).

Sta. 1321.-Passe Deverd, 20°44.7' S, 164° 14.9’ E. 90-115 m: Gyrineum lacunatum (2 lv), G. longicaudatum (1 lv), Cymatium comptum (1 Iv),

C. gemmatum (1). C. dunkeri (1 Iv, juv.), C. labiosum (2; 1 lv), Tutufa bufo (2 juv.), Distorsio decipiens (1), D. reticularis (2 Iv).

Sta. 1322.-Pas.se Deverd, 20°45.2' S, 164° 15.2’E. 53-71 m: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (3; 1 lv), G. longicaudatum (1), Bufonaria

thersites (\ Iv).

Sta. 1323.-Channel of the Passe de Koumac, 20°40.9‘ S, 164° 14.8' E. 82-120 m: Gyrineum lacunatum (8; I lv), Cymatium comptum (2 lv), C.

gemmatum (1). C. labiosum (1). Bursa granularis (1 lv juv.), B. rhodostoma (2 juv.), Distorsomina pusilla (1).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

243

Sta. 1330.-Hot Kendec, 20°40.5’ S, 164° 15.2' E, 0.5-1.5 m: Cymatium aquatile (1 Iv), Bursa granularis (2 lv), B. rosa (2 Iv).

Sta. 1331.-Grand Recif dc Koumac, 20 o 40'-20 o 40.6' S, 164° 11.2'-164° 12.1* E, 55-57 m. outer slope: Gyrineum roseum (3, empty juv.),

Cymatium hepaticum (1 Iv, juv.), Bursa rhodostoma (1), Distorsomina pusilla (5; 4 Iv).

Sta. 1332.-Grand Recif de Koumac, 20°40'-40.6’ S, 164°11.2'-12.1’ E. 5-10 m. outer slope: Tutufa rubeta (1 large, Iv).

Sta. 1333.- Grand Recif de Koumac, 20°40’ - 20°40.6’ S, 164° 11.2 '- 164° 12.1' E, 30-60 m, outer slope: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

LAGON DE NOUMEA, Coll. P. Bouchet and B.A. Marshall, 1992.

Sta. 1350.-Recif Senez, 22° 17.9’ S, 166° 19.6' E. 3-6 m, 23 Nov. 1992: Gyrineum gyrinum (2), Cymatium hepaticum (1).

Sta. 1351 -Platier de 1'Ilot Maitre, 22°20.4‘ S, 166°25.7’ E, intertidal, 25 Nov. 1992: Bursa granularis (1).

Sta. 1352.-Grand Recif Abore, 22°22.2’ S, 166° 16.1' E, 27-35 m, outer slope of barrier reef, 27 Nov. 1992: Gyrineum lacunatum (2),

Cymatium hepaticum (1 juv.), C. rubeculum (I Iv adult). Bursa cruentata (1 lv coll, adult), B. granularis (1), B. rhodostoma (1 juv.).

Sta. 1354.-Grand Recif Abore, 22°22.2' S, 166° 15.9' E. 27-37 m, outer slope of barrier reef, 30 Nov. 1992: Gyrineum lacunatum (5). Bursa

granularis (2), Distorsomina pusilla (2).

Sta. 1355.-Pointe Magnin, 22°18.9'S, 166°26.6'E, 7-10 m, 3 Dec. 1992: Gyrineum gyrinum (9), G. lacunatum (8), Cymatium comptum (1,

large lv adult), C. nicobaricum (1), C. vespaceum (2 juv.).

Sta. 1356,-Canyon de la Dumbea, 22°19.7’ S, I66°15.4' E, 20-23 m, 4 Dec. 1992: Gyrineum gyrinum (9). G. lacunatum (2). Cymatium

aquatile (2), C. gemmatum (I juv.), C. labiosurn (1 juv.), Bursa granularis (6).

Sta. 1369,-Quatre Bancs de l'Ouest. 22°25.4' S, 166°27. 8' E. 12 m, 19 Apr. 1993: Tutufa bufo (1 large Iv).

Unnumbered stations

SW de Noumea. Banc Gail, 27 m, 9 Feb. 1987: Gyrineum gyrinum (I), G. lacunatum (1). Cymatium dunkeri (1).

SW Nouvelle-Caledonie, Canal Woodin, 37 m: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

SW Nouvelle-Caledonie, Passe de Boulari, 400 m, 20 March 1988: Sassia remensa (1LM).

Cruise BIOGEOCAL, N.O. " Coriolis ", coll. P. Lozouet, April-May 1987. Station list and narrative: Richer deForges (1990).

Sta. DW253.-310-315 m, 21°31' S, 166°29' E: Sassia remensa (5SR, 4medR).

Sta. DW29I.-510-520 m, 20°34' S, 166°54’ E: Sassia remensa (1SR).

Sta. DW307.-470-480 m, 20°35’ S, 166°55’ E: Sassia remensa (2SR).

Sta. DW308.-510-590 m, 20°40’ S, I66°58’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR).

Cruise BATHUS I. East coast of New Caledonia, N.O. "Alis", coll. P. Bouchet & B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM. March 1993. Station list and

narrative: Richer de Forges & Chevillon (1996).

Sta. DW639.-120-180 m, 21°52' S, I66°47’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (2).

Sta. DW640.-174 m, 21°52' S. 166°48' E: Distorsio decipiens (1), Tutufa bufo (I Iv).

Sta. CP645.-250-258 m. 21°52' S, 166°49' E. Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW653.-190-207 m, 21° 17' S, 165°57’ E: Biplex pulchra (2), Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. DW654.-237-298 m, 2I°17’ S, I65°57' E: Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. DW659.-275 m, 21 ° 17’ S, 165°57' E: Biplex pulchra (1). Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW665.-180-200 m, 20°57' S. 165°35' E: Distorsio decipiens ( 1).

Sta. CP667.-205-212 m, 20°57' S, 165°35' E: Biplex pulchra (2). Distorsio decipiens (12).

Sta. CP668.-205-219 m, 20°57’ S, I65°35' E: Biplex pulchra (4). Distorsio decipiens (9).

Sta. CP669.-255-280 m, 20°57' S, 165°35' E: Biplex pulchra (1), Distorsio decipiens (2). IX habei (1). Bursa latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (I).

Sta. DW674.-105-110 m, 20° 49' S, 165° 19' E: Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW678.-94-100 m, 20°49' S, 165° 19' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (4). Tutufa bufo (1 juv.).

Sta. CP680.-86-92 m, 20°48‘ S. 165° 18' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2). Distorsio decipiens? (1 juv.).

Sta. DW688.-270-282 m, 20°33' S, I65°00' E: Sassia remensa (4SR). Distorsio decipiens (1), Bursa fijiensis (2).

Sta. DW689.-260-265 m, 20°33' S, 165°00' E: Distorsio decipiens (2).

Sta. DW690.-352 m, 20°33' S, I65°01' E: Sassia remensa (1 SR. ImedR, 2medl). Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW691 .-227-250 m, 20°35' S 164°59' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), G. lacunatum (4), Cymatium rubeculum (1 dd juv.), Distorsio decipiens?

(1 juv.).

Sta. DW692.-140-150 m, 20°35' S, 164°59' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (4), Distorsio graceieUae (1 lv?)

Sta. DE694.-400-500 m, 20°36' S. 164°58' E: Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DE700.-160-222 m, 20°57' S, 165°35' E: Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. CP702.-591-660 m. 20°35’ S. 165°35* E: Sassia remensa (ImedR), Distorsio decipiens (2).

Sta. CP710.-320-386 m, 21 °43' S, 166°36' E: Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. CP712.-210 m. 2I°44' S, 166°35' E: Biplex pulchra (2 lv), Distorsio decipiens (11 ).

Sta. DW713.-250 m. 21°45.3' S. 166°36.8' E: Distorsio decipiens (5).

Sta. DWI233, Canal Woodin, 45-50 m, 22°23.5' S. 166°47.6’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. DW 1234, Cap N’Doua, 47-52 m. 22°24’ S, 166°55.1' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (2).

Sta. DW1235, Cap N'Doua, 51-52 m, 22°24.1' S. I66°55.5' E: Gyrineum gyrinum (25). G. lacunatum (23). Cymatium exaratum (3),

C. vespaceum (1).

Sta. DW1236, Passe de Kouaoua, 60 m. 21°20' S, I65°54’ E: Gyrineum gyrinum (1), Cymatium aquatile (1 Iv).

Cruise halipro I, N.O " Alis ", coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, March 1994. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges & Chevillon

(1996).

Sta. CP850.-541-580 m. 21°43' S, 166°39' E: Distorsio perdistorta (1, large).

Sta. CP851 .-314-364 m, 21 °43' S. 166°37' E: Distorsio decipiens (2).

Sta. CP852.-253-266 m, 21°44’ S, 166°36' E: Distorsio habei (1, large).

Sta. CP853.-24I-250 m. 2I°45’ S. 166°37' E: Distorsio decipiens (4 small; I nzgs WM158I8).

Sta. CC855.-204-220 m, 21 °45’ S, 166°37’ E: Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. CP863.-190-227 m. 21 °31' S, 166°20’ E: Distorsio decipiens (3).

Sta. CP877.-464-480 m, 23°03' S. I66°59’ E: Sassia remensa (1 SR).

244

ALAN G. BEU

NORTH OF NEW CALEDONIA

Programme lagon. coll- B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM. 1984-1989. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1991).

Atoll de Huon

Sta. 433.-40-67 m. 18°06’ S. I62°52' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 436.-45 m. I8°06’ S. I62°50’ E: Cymatium comptum (I).

Sta. 439.-39 m, 18°07' S, 162°55' E: Cymatium comptum (1).

Sta. 440 bis.-39 m, 18°05’ S. I62°55' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. 443.-40 m, I8°00’ S. 162°55’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum ( 1). Bursa rosa ( I).

Atoll de Surprise

Sta. 444.-300-350 m, 18° 15’ S. I62°59' E: Sassia remensa (2 med; IR, 1M).

Sta. 445.-41 m. 18° 18' S, 163°02’ E: Cymatium dunkeri (2), Bursa rosa ( 1).

Sta. 449.-21 m, 18°22’ S. I62°09’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Sta. 452.-27 m, 18°27' S. 163° 12E: Gyrineum lacunatum (I). Bursa granularis ( I). Bufonaria thersites (1).

Sta. 454.-36 m. 18°30’ S. I63°10' E: Bufonaria thersites (2: I NZGS WMI5800).

Sta. 455.-40 m. 18°30' S. 163°08’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Distorsio anus (I small Iv).

Sta. 457.-38 m, 18°28' S. I63°04’ E: Cymatium lotorium (1 Iv).

Sta. 458.-40 m, 18°27' S. 163°02' E: Cymatium gemmation (1 Iv adult).

Sta. 472.-48 m, 18°26’ S. 163°05' E: Bursa rhodostoma (1).

Sta. 473.-50 m, 18°24’ S, 163°03' E: Gyrineum roseurn (1 white), Cymatium vespaceum (1).

Cruise MUSORSTOM 4, N O. "Vauban", coll. P. Bouchet & B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, September-October 1985. Station list and narrative:

Richer de Forges (1990).

Sta. CC146.-33 m, I9°53' S. 163°47’ E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. CP 148.-58 m, 19°23’ S, 163°32' E: Gyrineum lacunatum ( 1), Cymatium labiosum (1).

Sta. DW149.-155 m, 19°08' S. I63°23' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. DW 156.-525 m. !8°54’ S, 163° 19’ E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (2 large).

Sta. DW 159.-585 m, 18°46’ S, 163° 16’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR), Distorsionella pseudaphera (4).

Sta. DW 162.-525 m. 18°35’ S. 163° 10' E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (3; 1 nzgs WM15621).

Sta. DW 163.-350 m, I8°34’S, 163° 11* E: Distorsio habei (I).

Sta. DW 164.-255 m. 18°33’ S. 163° 13' E: Bursa latitudo (1 juv.), Distorsionella pseudaphera (2 small).

Sta. CP 172.-275-330 m, 19°0P S, 163° 16' E: Biplex pulchra (3).

Sta. CC 173.-250-290 m, 19°02‘ S. 163° 19* E: Biplex pulchra (1). Distorsio decipiens (3).

Sta. CC 175.-335 m, 18°59’ S, 163° 17' E: Biplex pulchra (2). Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. DW 179.-475 m, 18°57' S, 163° 14’ E: Sassia remensa (1 LR).

Sta. DW 181.-350 m. 18°57' S, 163°22’ E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (3).

Sta. DW 184.-260 m, 19°04' S. 163°27’ E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (6. narrow form).

Sta. DW 185.-230 m, 19°06' S. 163°29' E: Biplex pulchra (1 Iv). Cymatium dunkeri (1).

Sta. DW 186.-190 m, I9°07' S. I63°30' E: Biplex pulchra (3; 1 nzgs WM 15803).

Sta. DW 187.-65-120 m, 19°08' S. 163°29* E: Gyrineum lacunatum (3). Cymatium comptum (6: 2 NZGS WM 15806). C. exaratum (1). C. fittkaui

(1 Iv), Tutufa bufo (1).

Sta. CP 189.-210 m. I9°07' S. 163°29' E: Biplex pulchra (2).

Sta. DW 196.-450 m, I8°55' S. 163°24’ E: Sassia remensa GSR), Bursa fijiensis (8; 5 Iv). Distorsionella pseudaphera (1).

Sta. DW 197.-550 m. I8°5r S. 163°21 ’ E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (4; I nzgs WM 15622).

Cruise smib 6. N.O. "Alis", coll, orstom, February-March 1990. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1993).

Sta. DW106.- 165-195 m. 19°08' S. I63°31' E: Cymatium labiosum (I).

Sta. DW110.-225-230 m, I9°05’ S. 163°30' E: Biplex pulchra (3).

Sta. DW113.-250 m, 19°03' S. 163°30’ E: Biplex pulchra ( 1).

Sta. DWI 15.-280-285 m. 19°00' S. 163°27’ E: Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DWI 19.-295-305 m. I8°59* S. I63°26' E: Bursa quirihorai (2).

Sta. DWI 20.-310-325 m. I8°59’ S. 163°26' E: Bursa fijiensis (1). B . quirihorai (2).

Sta. DWI21.-315 m. 18°58' S. 163°26' E: Bursa quirihorai (5).

Sta. DWI23.-330-360 m. I8°57’ S. 163°25' E: Bursa quirihorai (3).

Sta. DWI 26.-320-330 m. 18°59' S. 163°23’ E: Bursa fijiensis (4).

Sta. DWI 27.-205 m. I9°07' S, 163°23’ E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. DW 128.-205-215 m, 19°06’ S. 163°22* E: Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DWI 29.-220-225 m. 19°05* S. 163°22’ E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. DWI30.-225-230 m. 19°05'S. 163°21’E: Bursa fosteri (1).

Sta. DWI 32.-235-240 m. I9°03’ S. 163° 19' E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. DWI 33.-250-270 m, I9°03' S, 163° I T E: Biplex pulchra (2).

Sta. DW 134.-260-280 m. 19°03* S. 163° 17’ E: Biplex pulchra (1), Distorsio decipiens (I).

Sta. DWI 35.-250-260 m. 19°01’ S, 163° 19’ E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. DWI 36.-300-320 m. I9°01’ S, I63°I8' E: Biplex pulchra (4).

Cruise Halical 1. N.O."Alis", coll, orstom, 1994.

Sta. DW0I.-380-400 m. I8°56’ S, 163°24* E: Bursa fijiensis (3).

Sta. DW02.-352-397 m. 18°54‘ S, 163°24’ E: Bursa fijiensis (3). Distorsionella lewisi ( 1).

Sta. DW03.-350-380 m, 18°53' S, 163°24’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. DW04.-350-365 m. 18°55’ S, 163°24’ E: Bursa fijiensis ( 1), Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW01-04.-350-400 m. 18 0 53’-56’ S, 163°23’-24' E: Bursa fijiensis (3). Distorsionella lewisi (2; 1 NZGS WM 15823).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

245

Cruise BATHUS4. N.O. "Alis", coll. B. Metivier & B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, August 1994. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges &

Chevillon (1996).

Sta. DW887.-320-344 m, 21°07’ S. 164°28' E: Sassia remensa (3 SR). Gyrineum roseum (1. white with pink protoconch).

Sta. CP889.-4I6-433 ni. 21 °01‘ S. 164°27’ E: Sassia remensa <4medR. lmedl).

Sta. DW896.-315-350 ni. 20° 16' S. 163°52’ E: Gyrineum roseum (1. white).

Sta. DW90I.-297 m, 19°03’ S. 163° 15’ E: Distorsio decipiens (1. large).

Sta. DW902.-34I-351 m. 19°01’ S. 163° 15’ E: Sassia remensa (lmedl). Biplexpulchra (3). Distorsio perdistorta (1).

Sta. CP905.-294-296 ni. 19°02’ S. 163° 16' E: Biplex pulchra (6; 2 nzc.s WM15804). Distorsio decipiens { I).

Sta. CP906.-339-350 m, 19°01' S. 163° 15' E: Bursa fijiensis (4; 2 Iv). Distorsio perdistorta (1 Iv).

Sta. CP907.-370-394 m, 19°01’ S. 163° 13’ E: Sassia remensa (2medR). Distorsio habei (I. large).

Sta. DW908.-502-527 m. I8°58’ S. 163° 1 I’ E: Bursa fijiensis (1).

Sta. DW914.-600-616 m. 18°49' S. 163° 15' E: Bursa fijiensis (I).

Sta. DW919.-610-660 ni. I8°50' S. 163° 17' E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (2).

Sta. DW923.-470-502 m. 18°52’ S. 163°24' E: Distorsionella pseudaphera (3).

Sta. DW924.-344-360 m, I8°55' S. 163°24' E: Sassia remensa ( lmedl). Bursa quirihorai (3).

Sta. DW925.-370-405 m. 18°55’ S, 163°24' E: Sassia remensa (lmedl). Bursa fijiensis (1), B. latitudo (I). B. quirihorai (5).

Sta. DW926.-325-330 m. I8°57' S. 163°25’ E: Bursa quirihorai (8: 4 Iv; 1 NZGS WMI5792). Distorsionella pseudaphera (1).

Sta. DW927.-444-452 m, 18°56’ S, 163°22’ E: Sassia remensa (4medR. lmedl). Bursa fijiensis (8; 2 lv).

Sta. CP928.-420-452 m. I8°55' S. I63°24’ E: Bursa fijiensis (5; 2 Iv).

Sta. DW929.-502-516 m. 18°52’ S. 163°23' E: Sassia remensa (I LR). Bursa fijiensis (10; 3 NZGS WM 15781).

Sta. DW931 .-.360-377 ni. I8°55’ S. 163°24' E: Sassia remensa (I SR). Bursa fijiensis (1 >.

Sta. DW932.-170-I90 ni. 19°08' S. 163°29’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (I).

Sta. DW933.-2I2-220 m. I9°07' S. I63°29' E: Biplex pulchra (2: I Iv).

Sta. DW934.-231-240 m. I9°05' S. I63°29' E: Biplex pulchra (3).

Sta. CP939.-304-320 m. 18°58' S. I63°25' E: Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW943.-316-347 m, 20° 12' S. 164°31' E: Sassia remensa (4 SR. lmedl). Distorsio decipiens (2).

Sta. CP953.-220-234 m. 21°45' S. I66°37’ E: Biplex pulchra (1). Distorsio decipiens (8; 3 lv).

NORFOLK RIDGE

Southern New Caledonia. N.O. " Vauban" 1978-79. coll. P. Bouchet. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1990).

Sta. 3.-390 m. 22° 17’ S. 167°12' E: Sassia remensa (4 med; IR. IM. 21).

Sta. 7.-300-315 ni. 22° 19' S. I67°l I ' E: Bursa quirihorai <1).

Sta. 9.-175-200 m. 22°20’ S, 167° 10' E: Biplex pulchra (2). Cymatium testudinarium (1. excellent adult).

Sta. 10.-80 m. 22° 17' S, 167°05' E: Cymatium comptum (I). Gyrineum lacunatum (2).

Sta. 15.-390-395 m. 22°49' S. 167° 12' E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. 40.- 250-350 m. 22°30’ S. I66°24‘ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum < 1)

Sta. 48.- 18-20 m. Lagon entre File Ouen et ilot Redika. 22°33' S. 166°36' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (13).

Cruise biocal, N.O. 'Jean-Charcot", coll. P. Bouchet. B. Metivier & B. Richer de Forges. August-September 1985. Station list and narrative:

Richer de Forges (1990).

Sta. DW38.-360 m. 23°00' S, I67°I5’ E: Sassia remensa (ISR).

Sta. DW64.-250 m. 24°48’ S. 168°09' E: Sassia remensa (2SR. lmedl. 1LM). Bursa latitudo < 1). B. quirihorai (4). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW65.-245-275 m. 24°48’ S. I68°09' E: Sassia remensa (ImedM). Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (2). Distorsio eucontricta (1),

D. habei (1).

Sta. DW66.-505-515 m. 24°55' S. I68°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (5, including juv. illustrated by Bouchet & Waren, 1990).

Sta. DW77.-440 m. 22°15' S. I67°I5' E: Sassia remensa (I4SR). Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW83.-460 m. 20°35* S. 166°54’ E: Sassia remensa (ISR. ImedR finely and evenly granulous). Personopsis trigonaperta (I immature).

Sta. CP84.-I50-210 m, 20°43’ S. I67°01’ E: Bufonaria nobilis (I immature).

Sta. CP 105.-330-335 m. 21 °31' S. 166°22' E: Sassia remensa (2medR). Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. CP 108.-335 m, 22°03’ S. I67°06’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR. I LR).

Cruise CHALCAL 2. N.O. "Vauban", coll. P. Bouchet. B. Metivier & B. Richer de Forges. October 1986. Station list and narrative: Richer de

Forges (1990).

Sta. CC2.-500 m. 24°45' S. 168° 21’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (I).

Sta. CH3.-257 m. 24°48' S. 168° 09’ E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. CH4.-253 m. 24°44' S. 168° 10' E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. CH5.-223 m. 24°44’ S. 168° 09’ E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. CP 18.-274 m, 24°47' S. 168° 09' E: Bursa rhodostoma (1 >.

Sta. CP 19.-271 m, 24°43‘ S. 168° 10' E: Sassia remensa (I LM). Bursa latitudo (2).

Sta. CP20.-230 m. 24°45' S. 168° 09' E: Sassia remensa (I LM. 1SI). Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. CP27.-289 m. 23° 15’ S. 168° 05' E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. DW69.-260 m. 24°44' S. 168° 08' E: Sassia remensa (6; ISR. ImedR. 4medM). Bursa fijiensis (3), B. latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (4).

Distorsio habei (3).

Sta. DW70.-232 m. 24°46’ S, 168° 09' E: Sassia remensa (5; 3SR. 2medM). Bursa latitudo (1). Distorsio habei (4).

Sta. DW71 .-230 m. 24°42' S. 168° 10’ E: Sassia remensa (5LM. 4SR). Bursa latitudo (2). Bursa quirihorai (2). Distorsio habei (4).

Sta. DW74.-650 in. 24°40’ S. 168° 38’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. DW79.-243 m. 23°4I’ S. 168° 00' E: Sassia remensa (1LR). Bursa latitudo (3). Bursa quirihorai (4).

Sta. DW80.-160 m. 23°27' S. 168°02’ E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Cymatium exaratum (I Iv).

Sta. DW82.-304 m. 23° 14' S. 168°04' E: Bursa quirihorai (2).

246

ALAN G. BEU

Cruise MUSORSTOM 4. N.O. " Vauban", coll. P. Bouchet & B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM. September-Octobcr 1985. Station list and narrative:

Richer de Forges (1990).

Sta. DW203.-105-110 m, 22°36‘ S. 167°05’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1), Distorsio decipiens (2).

Sta. DW204.-120 nt, 22°37' S, I67°06' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1), Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW212.-375-380 m, 22°47' S, 167° 10' E: Bursa latitudo ( 1).

Sta. DW222.-410-440 m. 22°58' S, 167°33' E: Sassia reniensa (2medl. 2medR). Bursa fijiensis (6; 3 lv; 2 nzgs WMI5780). B. latitudo (1).

Sta. DW223.-545-560 m, 22°57' S, 167°30' E: Bursa fijiensis (1), Distorsionella lewisi (2).

Sta. DW226.-226-390 m. 22°47' S. 167°22* E: Sassia reniensa (7S-med R).

Sta. DW227.-300 m, 22°46' S. I67°20’ E: Bursa quirihorai (2 lv). Distorsio habei (2).

Sta. DW230.-390-420 m, 22°52' S. 167° 12' E: Sassia reniensa (lmcdR, IniedM). Bursa fijiensis (1 lv).

Sta. DW23I .-75 m. 22°34' S. 167° 10' E: Tutufa bufo (1).

Cruise SM1B 1, N.O. "Vauban", coll. G. Bargibant & P. Tirard-ORSTOM. February 1986. Station list and narrative: Richer DE Forges (1990).

Sta. DW2.-415 m. 22°52' S. 167° 13' E: Sassia reniensa (ImedR, 1LR), Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW6.-300 m. 22°43' S. 167° 16' E: Distorsio habei (1. large).

Cruise smib 2. N.O. "Vauban", coll. J.L. Menou & P. Tirard-ORSTOM. September 1986. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1990).

Sta. DW 1.-438-444 m. 22°53‘ S. 167° 13’ E: Sassia reniensa (5S-med R, ILM).

Sta. DW4.-410-417 m. 23°53’ S. 167° 13’ E: Bursa fijiensis (2 lv).

Sta. DW6.-442-460 m, 22°56' S. 167° 16' E: Cymatium dunkeri (I. long dd. abraded with pagurid).

Sta. DW8.-435-447 m, 22°54' S. 167° 13' E: Sassia reniensa (ILM), Bursa fijiensis (1). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 14.-405-444 m, 22°53’ S. 167° 13’ E: Sassia reniensa (2medR, I LI). Bursa fijiensis ( 1).

Sta. DW 15.-375-402 m, 22° 167' S. 167°11' E: Sassia reniensa (ISM, I LI). Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW20.-415 470 m. 22°44‘ S. 167°42' E: Sassia reniensa (ImedI).

Sta. DW23.-4I0-420 m. 22°3I’ S. 167°37’ E: Sassia reniensa (8S-med R. ImedM).

Cruise SMIB 3. N.O. "Vauban", coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, May 1987. Station list and narrative: Richer DEForges (1990).

Sta. DW 1.-520 m, 24°56’ S. 168°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (2).

Sta. DW2.-530-537 m. 24°53’ S. 168°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (2).

Sta. DW3.-513 m. 24°55°S, 166°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (4).

Sta. DW5.-502-5I2 m, 24°55°S. I66°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (5).

Sta. DW6.-505 m. 24°56' S, 168°21' E: Distorsonella lewisi ( 1).

Sta. DW7.-505 m, 24°55' S, 168°21' E: Distorsionella lewisi (2).

Sta. DW8.-233 m. 24°45' S. I68°08' E: Sassia reniensa (10 med; 51. 5M). Bursa latitudo (3). B. quirihorai (2). Distorsio euconstricta (1), D.

habei (3).

Sta. DW9.-265 m. 24°42‘ S. I68°08‘ E: Sassia reniensa (ImedI). Bursa latitudo (2).

Sta. DW 10.-235 m. 24°42‘ S. I68°07’ E: Sassia reniensa (5 med; IR. 21. 2M). Bursa latitudo (2), B.quirihorai (5).

Sta. DW 13.-448 m. 23°38' S. 167°42' E: Distorsionella lewisi (I).

Sta. DW 14.-246 m. 24°30’ S. 168°00' E: Charonia lampas (I lv adult), Sassia reniensa (2SR. ImedM. 2LL 2LM). Bursa latitudo (10). B.

quirihorai (5). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW 17.-238 m. 23°41' S. 167°59’ E: Sassia reniensa (ImedI, ImedM). Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 18.-338 m. 23°42' S. I67°59‘ E: Sassia reniensa ( 13; 5L&2medM. IL&4SR, ImedI). Bursa latitudo (7). B.quirihorai (6).

Sta. DW20.-280 m. 23°40' S. I68°00' E: Bursa latitudo (3). Distorsio habei (2). Bursa quirihorai (2).

Sta. DW26.-450 m. 22°55' S. 167°I6' E: Sassia reniensa (ILR).

Sta. DW29.-405 m. 22°47' S, I67°12’ E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Cruise smib 4. N.O. "Alis", coll. G. Bargibant. P. Laboute & J.L. Menou-ORSTOM. March 1989. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges

(1990).

Sta. DW37.-515-540 m, 24°55’ S, I68°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. DW40.-240-260 m, 24°46' S. I68°09' E: Sassia reniensa (5medl). Bursa latitudo (4). B. quirihorai (1). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW4L-230-235 m, 24°44’ S. 168°09' E: Sassia reniensa (9; 1SR. 3med& 4LI, ILM). Bursa latitudo (7), B. quirihorai (3). Distorsio

habei (I).

Sta. DW42.-290-320 m. 24°46' S, I68°08' E: Sassia reniensa (ImedM), Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. DW43.-235-245 m. 24°47' S. 168°09' E: Sassia reniensa (I medl. 1LM), Bursa latitudo (12), B. quirihorai (1). Distorsio euconstricta (1).

Sta. DW44.-270-300 m, 24°46' S, I68°08’ E: Sassia reniensa (8 med; IR, 61, 1M). Bursa latitudo (18), Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW45.-245-260 m. 24°46’ S, I68°09' E: Sassia reniensa (2med I). Bursa latitudo (2).

Sta. DW46.-245-260 m, 24°47' S, I68°09’ E: Sassia reniensa (ImedM). Bursa latitudo (2).

Sta. DW47.-250-280 m, 24°46’ S, I68°08' E: Bursa latitudo (6).

Sta. DW48.-240-245 m, 24°46' S, I68°09' E: Sassia reniensa (4 med; 31. IM). Bursa quirihorai (2).

Sta. DW49.-240-300 m, 24°46‘ S, 168°09' E: Sassia reniensa (2medR). Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (1). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW50.-260-295 m. 23°42' S. I68°01' E: Sassia reniensa (ImedI. 4medM), Bursa latitudo (3). B. quirihorai (1)

Sta. DW51 .-245-260 m. 23°41 ’ S, 168°01' E: Sassia reniensa (1 medM). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW53 -250-270 m, 23°40' S, I68°00‘ E: Charonia lampas (I, fresh and colourful, but empty). Cymatium tenuiliratum (1), Sassia reniensa

(1LI, ILM), Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (3). Distorsio habei (2).

Sta. DW54.-230-235 m, 23°40' S, I68°00' E: Charonia lampas (1 stained, bored and incomplete).

Sta. DW55.-215-260 m, 23°2I’ S. I68°05' E: Distorsio anus (I large, but long-dead and faded).

Sta. DW56.-230-260 m. 23°2I’ S, 168°05' E: Bursa latitudo (2; I nzgs WM15788). B. quirihorai (2; 1 nzgs WMI5791).

Sta. DW57.-210-260 m, 23°22’ S. 168°05' E: Tutufa bufo (1 small). Distorsio habei (I).

Sta. DW66.-400-430 m, 23°56' S. 167°I5' E: Bursa fijiensis (I).

Sta. DW69.-395-405 m. 23°56' S, 167° 14' E: Bursa fijiensis (1).

Cruise smib 5. N.O. "Alis". coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM. September 1989. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1993).

o la ' R^Z?''? 70 m * 2304,1 S ’ 168°01 • E: Sassia remensa (ImedR, ILR. ImedI, ILL 2LM). Bursa latitudo (6). B. quirihorai (4).

Sta. DW7I.-265 m. 23°41' S, I68°01' E: Sassia reniensa (2medR. 4LM). Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (12).

Sta. DW 72.-400 m. 23°42‘ S. 168°01' E: Sassia reniensa (4medM). Bursa latitudo ( 1). B. quirihorai (4).

Sta. DW73.-240 m, 23°41' S, 168°01' E: Sassia reniensa ( ISR). Bursa latitudo (8), B. quirihorai (3). Distorsio habei (1).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

247

Sta. DW74.-245 m, 23°40' S. I68°0r E: Sassia remensa (2LM). Bursa latitude (4). B. quirihorai (2). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW75.-270 m, 23°4I' S. 168°01' E: Sassia remensa (2medR. 3medl), Bursa latitude? (12; 4 NZGS WM15789). B. quirihorai (6; 2 nzgs

WM15791). Distorsio habei (4).

Sta. DW76.-280 m, 23°41' S. 168°01' E: Sassia remensa (1 medR). Bursa latitudo (9), B. quirihorai (3). Distorsio habei (I).

Sta. DW77.-270 m. 23°41’ S. 168 o 01' E: Sassia remensa (3medR). Bursa latitudo (3).

Sta. DW78.-245 m. 23°4T S. 168°00’ E: Bursa quirihorai (6).

Sta. DW79.-285 m. 23°4I' S. 168°0I’ E: Bursafijiensis (2).

Sta. DW80.-300 m. 23°42’ S, 168°00' E: Sassia remensa (lmedM), Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW81. -110 m. 22°38’ S. 167°35' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (4). Sassia remensa (1 SR).

Sta. DW82.-155 m, 22°32' S. 167°32' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1).

Sta. DW85.-260 m. 22°20’ S. 168°43’E: Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (1), Distorsio habei (5).

Sta. DW87.-370 m, 22° 19' S. 168°4I' E: Sassia remensa (2medl) . Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (5), Distorsio habei (1). DistorsiOnella

pseudaphera (1). Personopsis purpurata (1).

Sta. DW88.-350 m. 22° 19' S. 168°40' E: Sassia remensa (1SR, I medR. ImedI, 3medM). Bursa latitudo (4). B. quirihorai (5).

Sta. DW89.-295 m. 22° 19' S. 168°41' E: Sassia remensa (1SR). Bursa quirihorai (2).

Sta. DW90.-340 m, 22°19' S. 168°42' E: Sassia remensa (4 med; IR. 21, 1M). Bursa quirihorai (1). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW91.-340 m. 22° 18’ S, 168°41' E: Sassia remensa (2SR). Bursa latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (2 Iv), Distorsio habei (I). Distorsionella

pseudaphera (1).

Sta. DW92.-280 m, 22°20' S, 168°41' E: Sassia remensa (3SR. 2medM). Bursa latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (1), Distorsio habei (2).

Sta. DW93.-255 m. 22°20' S, 168°42’ E: Sassia remensa (8; 1SR, 7medM; 3 NZGS WMI5837). Bursa latitudo (4). B. quirihorai (7). Distorsio

habei (1).

Sta. DW94.-275 m, 22°20’ S. 168°43' E: Sassia remensa (1SR. 5medl), Bursa latitudo (4). B. quirihorai (4). Distorsio euconstricta (2). D.

habei (5).

Sta. DW95.-200 m, 23°00' S. 168°20' E: Distorsio habei (I).

Sta. DW97.-300 m, 23°OI' S, 168° 18' E: Sassia remensa (2SR. 1 med I), Bursa latitudo (1). Personopsis purpurata (1).

Sta. DW98.-335 m, 23°02‘ S, 168° 16' E: Sassia remensa (3medM), Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW100.-120 m, 23°23' S. I68°05' E: Cymatium exaratum (I), C. dunkeri (I).

Sta. DW101.-270 m, 23°21' S. 168°05' E: Bursa latitudo (2), Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW 103.-315 m, 23° 17’ S. 168°05' E: Distorsio habei (I). Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 104.-335 m. 23° 16' S. 168°04' E: Sassia remensa (1LM).

Sta. DW'105.-310 m, 23° 14' S, 168°05' E: Sassia remensa (ImedR. 3medM).

Cruise smib 8. N.O. "Alis", coll. P. Bouchet & B. Richer dc Forges-ORSTOM, January-February 1993. Station list and narrative: Richer de

Forges & Chevillon (1996).

Sta. DW 146.-514-522 m, 24°55’ S. I68°22’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (2).

Sta. DW 147.-508-532 m, 24°55' S. 168°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (5). Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. DW 149.-508-510 m, 24°54' S, 168°22’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (4).

Sta. DW 150.-519-530 m. 24°54' S. 168°22' E: Distorsionella lewisi (7; 3 nzgs WM 15825).

Sta. DW 152.-514-530 m, 24°54' S. I68°22’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. DW 154.-235-252 m, 24°46' S, 168°08' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Cymatium tenuiliratum (1), Sassia remensa (4SR. 4medl),

Distorsio habei (5), Bursa fijiensis (1 juv.), B. latitudo (18). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 155.-257-262 m, 24°46' S. I68°08’ E: Sassia remensa (lmedM). Bursa latitudo (18).

Sta. DW 157.-251-255 m, 24°46‘S, 168°08’ E: Cymatium tenuiliratum (2). Sassia remensa (2SR. 6medl. lmedM). Distorsio habei (7), Bursa

latitudo (20).

Sta. DW'158.-262-290 m, 24°47’ S, 168°08’ E: Cymatium dunkeri (I. large and bright but empty), C. tenuiliratum (1 large Iv), Distorsio habei

(4). Bursa latitudo (32; 6 NZGS WM 15790).

Sta. DW 159.-241-245 m. 24°46' S, 168°08' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Hal gyrineum louisae (I), Sassia remensa (3SR, 2medM. 2medl,

7medR). Distorsio habei (6). Bursa latitudo ( 19). B. quirihorai (5).

Sta. DW 160.-280-282 m, 24°47‘ S. 168°08’ E: Sassia remensa (1SR, 3medR, 7medl. 1LI). Distorsio habei (5), Personopsis purpurata ( I nzgs

WM 15619). Bursa latitudo (8), B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 161.-232-251 m. 24°47' S, I68°08' E: Sassia remensa (ISR, I LI). Bursa latitudo (3).

Sta. DW 162.-254-264 m, 24°48’ S, 168°09' E: Sassia remensa (2medl). Bursa latitudo (3). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 163.-310-460 m, 24°50’ S, 168°09' E: Halgyrineum louisae (1). Sassia remensa (4medR, 2medM, 7medl; 3 nzgs WMI5839).

Distorsio habei (3). Bursa latitudo (8). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 165.-372-660 m, 24°47'S, 168° 1 O' E: Cymatium tenuiliratum (1 large lv), Sassia remensa (4SR. 1LR, 6medl). Distorsio habei (2).

Bursa latitudo (6). B. quirihorai (3).

Sta. DW 170-172.-233-290 m, 23°41' S. 168°01’ E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Sassia remensa (5medM. 2medR. ImedI, ILL 3 nzgs

WM 15840), Distorsio habei (8; 3 NZGS WM 15820). Bursa latitudo (14). B. quirihorai (9; 3 NZGS WM 15794).

Sta. DW 173.-234-242 m, 23°41’ S. 168°00' E: Sassia remensa (ImedI). Bursa latitudo (5).

Sta. DW'174.-235-240 m, 23°40’ S, I68°0I’ E: Sassia remensa (4medLI). Bursa latitudo (3).

Sta. DW 175.-235-240 m, 23°41’ S, 168°01 ’ E: Sassia remensa (1 LI).

Sta. DW 176.-283-290 m, 23°42’ S, 168°01' E: Sassia remensa (ImedI. 1 LI).

Sta. DW 177.-320-370 m, 23°39' S, 168°00' E: Sassia remensa (2SR, 3medI, 3 med-LM), Bursa latitudo (1), B. quirihorai (3).

Sta. DW 178.-400 m, 23°46' S. 168° 17’ E: Sassia remensa (2medR).

Sta. DW 181.-311-330 m, 23° 18’ S. I68°05’ E: Bursa latitudo (2).

Sta. DW 182.-314-330 m, 23° 19' S, 168°05’ E: Sassia remensa (2SR). Distorsio habei (2). Bursa latitudo ( I). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 183.-330-367 m, 23° 18’ S. I69°05' E: Bursa latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 184.-305-320 m, 23° 18' S. 168°05' E: Bursa latitudo (I). B. quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW 185.-311-355 m. 23° 15' S. I68°04' E: Distorsio habei (2; I nzgs WMI5821). Bursa latitudo (l).

Sta. DW 186.-57-59 m, 23°25' S, 168°06' E: Gyrineum lacunatum (1).

Sta. DW 187.-390-540 m, 23° 17’ S, 168°06’ E: Sassia remensa (1SR, ImedR), Distorsio habei (1). D. perdistorta (1. adult). Bursa latitudo (1),

B. fijiensis (8; 4 nzgs W'M 15783).

Sta. DW 189.- 400-402 m, 23° 18’ S, I68°06' E: Sassia remensa (5SR. ImedR), Personopsis purpurata (2 Iv, with long periostracal bristles).

Bursa fijiensis ( 13; 3 nzgs WM 15782).

Sta. DWI90.- 305-310 m, 23° 18’ S. I68°05’ E: Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW 195.-508-514 m, 22°59' S, I67°21' E: Bursa quirihorai (1).

Source

248

ALAN G. BEU

Sia. DW199.-408-410 m. 23°52' S, 167°12' E: Charonia lampas\\ half-grown, bright and apparently collected alive).

Sta. DW 197-199.-414-436 m. 22°52' S. 168° 12’ E: Sassia remertsa (1 SR). Bursa fijiensis (1 Iv), B. latitudo (I juv.).

Cruise smib 10. N.O. "Alis". coll. ORSTOM. January 1995.

Sta. DW203.-508-502 m. 24°56' S. I68°22' E: Bursa latitudo (1). Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. DW207.-508-553 m. 24°57' S. 168°21 * E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. DW208.-270 m. 24°49’ S. I68°09’ E: Sassia remensa (5medl), Bursa fijiensis (I ). B. latitudo (6). B. quirihorai (4), Distorsio habei (I).

Sta. DW209.-329-560 m. 24°49* S. I68°09’ E: Bursa quirihorai (2).

Sta. DW210.-308-510 m, 24°49’ S, 168°09' E: Sassia remensa (ImedI). Bursa latitudo (10).

Sta. DW215.-508-553 m. 24°56' S. I68°21’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Cruise bkryx 11. N.O. "Alis", coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, October 1992. Station list and narrative: Lehodey etal. (1992).

Sta. CP08.- 540-570 m. 24°54’ S. I68°21' E: Distorsionella lewisi (1).

Sta. DW I 1 .-320-350 m. 24°44* S. 168° 10’ E: Sassia remensa (1 SR. 8inedl). Bursa latitudo (I). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. CH15.- 225-250 m. 24 Q 44’ S. 168°08’ E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Sta. CP 16.-240-250 m, 24°47’ S. I68°09’ E: Distorsio habei (I). Bursa latitudo (2).

Sta. CP 17.-250-270 m. 24°48' S. 168°09’ E: Sassia remensa (Imedl).

Sta. DW 18.-250-270 m. 24°48' S, 168°09' E: Sassia remensa (4SmedR. 2medM. 1 ImedI). Distorsio habei (6). Bursa quirihorai (2). B. latitudo

(7; 2 Iv).

Sta. CP21 .-430-450 m. 24°44’ S. I68°07' E: Sassia remensa (3SR. 4medR).

Sta. CP22.-490-510 m. 24°44’ S. I68°07' E: Sassia remensa (ImedI).

Sta. CP23.-270-290 m, 24°43’ S. I68°08' E: Sassia remensa (5medl), Distorsio habei (2), Bursa latitudo (7).

Sta. CP25.-230-235 m, 24°44' S. I68°09' E: Sassia remensa (2medl), Bursa latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (I).

Sta. DW40.-240-300 m. 23°41’S. 168°01 ’ E: Halgyrineum louisae (1). Sassia remensa (2SR. 8medLI, 3inedLM). Distorsio habei (1). Bursa

latitudo (7). B. quirihorai (2 lv).

Sta. CP44.-230-250 in. 23°41' S. 168°0I’ E: Sassia remensa (3medLI). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. CP45.-270-290 m, 23°40' S. I68°0I’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR). Bursa quirihorai (1).

Cruise bathos 2, N.O. "Alis", coll. P. Bouchet & B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM. May 1993. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges &

Chevillon (1996).

Sta. DW7I4.-124 m. 22°38' S. 167° I O' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). G. lacunatum (I), Cymatium comptum (I).

Sta. DW717.-350-393 m. 22°44' S. 167°17' E: Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Distorsio decipiens (2 large: 1 NZGS WMI5819)

Sta. DW724.-344-358 m. 22°48' S. I67°26’ E: Sassia remensa (4SR. 3medR. 3medl).

Sta. DW729.-400 m, 22°52' S. 167° 12’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR), Distorsio perdistorta (I large Iv). Bursa fijiensis (1).

Sta. DW730.-397-400 m. 23°03’ S. 166°58’ E: Sassia remensa (111: 40SR. 6medR. 7lmedl. 4medM; 10 NZGS WM15835). Bursa fijiensis (2),

B. latitudo (I), Personopsis purpurata (1). P. trigonaperta (1 mature).

Sta. DW731.-300-370 m, 22°49' S. I66°45’ E: Sassia remensa (2SR. 2medM. ImedR).

Sta. DW733.-520 m. 22°55’ S. I66°49' E: Sassia remensa <2medR).

Sta. CP735.-530-570 m. 23°02' S, I66°56' E: Distorsionella lewisi (I Iv. largest seen).

Sta. CP742.-340-470 m. 22°33' S, 166°26’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedI).

Sta. DW758.-377-386 m. 22° 18’ S, 166° I I E: Sassia remensa (2SR. 3medR).

Sta. CP759.-370-420 m. 22° 18’ S. 166° 10' E: Sassia remensa (2medR).

Sta. CP760.-455 m. 22° 19’ S. 166° 11’ E: Sassia remensa (5medR, 2medl).

Sta. CP761 .-490-500 m. 22° 19’ S. 166° 11' E: Sassia remensa (I SR).

Sta. CP765.-600-630 m. 22° 10’ S. I66°03' E: Sassia remensa (ImedI).

Cruise BATHOS 3. N.O. "Alis", coll. P. Bouchet. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM & A. Waren, November-December 1993. Station list and

narrative: Richer de Forges & Chevillon (1996).

Sta. DW781 .-625-640 m. 23°54’ S, 169°46’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (1 Iv.).

Sta. DW785.-607-608 m, 23°56’ S. 169°46' E: Distorsionella lewisi (1 large).

Sta. DW800.-655 m. 23°35’ S. 169°37’ E: Distorsionella lewisi (I).

Sta. CP804.-244-278 m. 23°41‘ S. 168°00' E: Bursa latitudo (3).

Sta. CP805.-278-310 m, 23°4I’ S, I68°01' E: Sassia remensa (ImedM. 2LM). Bursa latitudo (4). B. quirihorai (I Iv).

Sta. CP806.-308-312 m. 23°42' S. 168°01' E: Sassia remensa (ImedM), Bursa quirihorai.

Sta. CP8II.-383-408 m, 23°4I’ S. 168° 15’ E: Sassia remensa (61R, 2LR).

Sta. CPS 14.-444-530 m, 23°48’ S. 168° 17' E: Sassia remensa (ImedR).

Sta. DW816.-380-391 m. 23°41’ S, 168°15’ E: Sassia remensa (1LR).

Sta. DW818.-394-410 m. 23°44’ S. 168°I6’ E: Sassia remensa (1SR, ISmedR).

Sta. DW827.-381-469 m, 23°22' S. 168°00’ E: Sassia remensa (1SR. 18medl). Personopsis purpurata (1).

Sta. DW829.-386-390 m. 23°2I’ S. I68°02’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedI).

Sta. DW830.-36I -365 m, 23°20' S. 168°01' E: Bursa fijiensis (1 Iv). B. latitudo (1). B. quirihorai (I lv).

Sta. DW838.-400-402 m. 23°0I' S, 166°56' E: Sassia remensa (81; 26SR. 3medM, 52medl), Bursa fijiensis (5), Distorsio perdistorta (I Iv adult,

I juv.).

Sta. CP847.-405-4I I m. 23°01' S, I66°58’ E: Sassia remensa (2medM).

Cruise calsub, N.O. " Cyana", February-March 1989. Station list and narrative: Roux (1994).

Dive 21 .-340 m, 22°45’ S. I67°09' E: Charonia lampas (I large Iv, dried animal intact).

LOYALTY RIDGE

Cruise musorstom 6. N.O. "Alis". coll. P. Bouchet & B. Richer de Forges, February 1989. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges

(1990).

Sta. DW39I.-390 m, 20°47’ S, I67°06' E: Gyrineum hirasei (1 small). Sassia remensa (4medR. 2medl). Bufonaria ignobilis (I). Distorsio

decipiens (1).

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

249

Sta. DW392.-340 m. 20°47' S. 167°05' E: Sassia remensa (1SR. ImedR). Bufonaria ignobilis (I).

Sta. DW397.-380 m, 20°47' S, 167°05' E: Gyrineum hirasei (I small), Bursa quirihorai (2), Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sla. DW398.-370 m, 20^47' S. I67°06' E: Biplexpulchra (I). Sassia remensa (ImedM). Bursa quirihorai (2). Distorsio decipiens (1).

Sta. DW399.-282 m, 20°42' S. 167’00' E: Sassia remensa (23: 6SR. 2mcdl, 13LI, 2LM). Bursa latitude (1), B. quirihorai (2), Bufonaria nohilis

(1), Distorsio graceiellae ( L incomplete), D. habei (I).

Sta. CP40I .-270 m, 20°42’ S, I67°00’ E: Sassia remensa (2LI).

Sta. DC402.-520 m. 20°30’ S, I66°49' E: Sassia remensa (1SR).

Sta. DW406.-373 m. 20°4I’ S. I67°07‘ E: Sassia remensa (29; 3SR. 12medR, 13medl, ImedM). Bursa fijiensis (4; 2 Iv).

Sta. DW407.-360 m. 20°41' S, I67°07’ E: Sassia remensa (2medl, 3medR, 1LR), Bursa latitudo (1).

Sta. CP408.-380 m, 20 c 41* S. 167°07' E: Sassia remensa (1 medR).

Sta. DW410.-490 m, 20°38‘ S. 167°07' E: Sassia remensa (ImedR). Bursa fijiensis (2; I Iv).

Sta. DW413.-463 m, 20°40' S. I67°03' E: Sassia remensa ( ImedR).

Sta. DW417.-283 m. 20°42' S. 167°04’ E: Biplex pulchra (I juv.). Sassia remensa (9; 2SR. 2medR. 2medl, 2medM. ILM). Distorsio decipiens

(?) (1 juv.).

Sta. DW418.-283 m. 20°42' S. 167°03' E: Sassia remensa (7; 2SR. ImedR. 4 med), Bursa latitudo (2). B. quirihorai (3).

Sta. DW419.-283 m. 20°42' S. I67°03‘ E: Sassia remensa (ImedI).

Sta. DW421.-245 m. 20°26' S. I66°40' E: Sassia remensa (I LR). Bufonaria ignobilis (I).

Sta. DW422.-257 m. 20°26’ S, 166°40' E: Sassia remensa (1 LI). Bursa latitudo {1). B. fijiensis (1 Iv). Distorsio decipiens (I).

Sta. DW423.-280 m. 20°26’ S. I66°4I' E: Sassia remensa (1SR. ImedR, 4medM>.

Sta. DW428.-420 m. 20°24' S. 166° 13’ E: Sassia remensa (13; 4SR, 8medR. ImedI). Bursa fijiensis (3). Distorsio perdistorta (3; I Iv).

Sta. DW430.-30 m, 20°21' S. 166°07’ E: Cymatium vespaceum (I), Bursa rosa (1). Distorsio anus (1 Iv. adult).

Sta. DW431 .-21 m. 20°22’ S. 166° 10' E: Cymatium labiosum (I). Bursa cruentata (1 Iv. adult). B. granular is (2).

Sta. DW432.-2I in. 20°2I' S. 166° 1 I' E: Cymatium muricinum ( I). Bursa granularis (2; 1 nzgsWM 15786). B. rosa (1).

Sta. DW434.-23 m, 20°21' S. I66°09’ E: Cymatium mundum (1). Bursa granularis (2).

Sta. DW436.-33 m, 20°20' S. 166°07' E: Cymatium aquatile (I).

Sta. DW439.-288 m. 20°46’ S, 167° 17' E: Sassia remensa (2SR. ImedR). Distorsio decipiens (I).

Sta. DW442.-200 m. 20°54' S. 167° 17' E: Biplex pulchra (1). Tutufa bufo (1). Distorsio decipiens (I).

Sta. DW444.-300 m, 20°54' S. 167° 18' E: Bursa quirihorai (1). Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW45I.-330 m, 20°59’ S. 167°25‘ E: Sassia remensa (2medR). Distorsio decipiens (2). I), habei (I).

Sta. DW452.-300 m, 21°00‘ S, 167°25' E: Sassia remensa (5LI. ILM). Distorsio decipiens (3)

Sta. DW453.-250 in. 2I°00' S. I67°27’ E: Sassia remensa (I LI).

Sta. DW455.-260 m. 2l°()r S. I67°26' E: Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW456.-240 m, 2I°01'S, I67°26' E: Biplex pulchra (1).

Sta. DW457.-353 m. 21°00' S. I67°29' E: Sassia remensa (18; 3SR. 2medR. I2medl. ImedM). Personopsispurpurata (1).

Sta. DW458.-400 m. 21 °01' S. I67°30' E: Bursa fijiensis (1 Iv), DistorsioneUa pseudaphera (2).

Sta. DW459.-425 m. 21 °01' S, 167°31' E: Sassia remensa (20; 5SR. l3medR. 2medl), Bursa fijiensis (I Iv).

Sta. DW460.-420 m. 21°02' S. 167°31' E: Sassia remensa (I I med; 7R. 41).

Sta. DW461.-240 m, 21°06' S. 167°26’ E: Bufonaria ignobilis (1).

Sta. DW462.-200 m, 2I°05’ S. 167°27' E: Biplex pulchra (2 Iv). Gyrineum longicaudatum (1). Cymatium exaratum (I ).

Sta. DW464.-430 m, 2I°02' S. I67°32’ E: Sassia remensa (2medR. ImedI). Bursa fijiensis (1 lv). DistorsioneUa pseudaphera (I).

Sta. DW465.-480 m. 2I°04' S. I67°32’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedR).

Sta. DW472.-300 m. 21°09' S. I67°55' E: Sassia remensa (ImedM), Bursa quirihorai (3). B. fijiensis (I Iv).

Sla. DW473.-236 m. 2I°09' S, I67°55' E: Bursa quirihorai (I).

Sta. DW478.-400 m, 21°09' S. I67°54’ E: Sassia remensa (1SR. 2medM). Bursa latitudo (1). DistorsioneUa pseudaphera (2).

Sta. DW479.-310 m, 2I°09' S, I67°55' E: Sassia remensa 11 SR, 2medl). Bursa quirihorai (1).

Sta. DW480.-380 m, 21 °08' S. 167°56’ E: Sassia remensa (1 SR. 5medl). Bursa latitudo (1). Distorsio habei (I).

Sta. DW481.-300 m, 2I°22' S, I67°50' E: Sassia remensa (I SR. ImedI).

Sta. DW482.-375 m, 21°21' S. I67°47' E: Sassia remensa (2medR. ImedM).

Sta. DW485.-350 m, 2I°23’ S, I67°59’ E: Personopsis trigonaperta (1 small specimen).

Sta. DW487.-500 m, 21°23'S, I67°46' E: Sassia remensa (5medR, ImedI), Bursa fijiensis (1 Iv), Bursa latitudo (1), Distorsio perdistorta (I

juv.).

Cruise CALSUB, N.O. "Cyana". February-March 1989. Station list and narrative: Roux (1994).

Dive 5.- 150-954 m. 20°47’ S, 167°0L E: Bursa latitudo (I).

Dive 9.- 256 m, 20°53' S, 167°03’ E: Distorsio habei (1).

Cruise volsmar, N.O. "Alis". coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, May-July 1989. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1993).

Sta. DW37.-500-550 m. 22°23’ S. I68°43' E: DistorsioneUa lewisi (1).

Sla. DW38.-380-420 m, 22°22' S, 168°44’ E: Sassia remensa (ISR. ImedR).

Sta. DW39.-280-305 m. 22°20' S. I68°44’ E: Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW40.-275-295 m, 22°20’ S, 168°41’ E: Sassia remensa (ImedM).

Sta. DW41.-195-250 m. 22° 19' S. I68°41' E: Sassia remensa (I LI). Bursa latitudo (3), Distorsio euconstricta (I). D. graceiellae (I small but

mature).

NEW HEBRIDES ARC

Cruise volsmar, N.O. "Alis", coll. B. Richer de Forges-ORSTOM, May-July 1989. Station list and narrative: Richer de Forges (1993).

Hunter & Matthew Volcanoes

Sta. DW7.-325-400 m, 22°26' S, I7I°44' E: Sassia remensa (2LM). Bursa quirihorai (I). Distorsio habei (2).

Sta. DW9.-275-300 m. 22°23' S, 171°4L E: Distorsio habei (1).

Sta. DW16.-420-500 m, 22°25' S. 171°41' E: Sassia remensa (1SR. 2medR, 2medM. 2LM).

Sta. DW 17.-260-300 m, 22°23’ S, 171 °41* E: Sassia remensa (2SR. 2medl), Bursa quirihorai (1).

250

ALAN G. BEU

Gemini Seamounts

Sia. DW49.-285 m, 21°00' S, 170°04’ E: Sassia remensa (1 medl).

Sta. DW50.-425 m. 20°59’ S, 170°04’ E: Sassia remensa ( 1SR. 1LM). Bursa latitudo (1, juv. red-brown).

Sta. DW51.-450 m. 20°59' S. 170°03' E: Sassia remensa (13; 2medl, I ImedLR; 3 NZGS WM15838), Personopsis trigonaperta (1).

Sta. DW59.-320 m, 21°00’ S. 170° 17' E: Bursa latitudo (1, juv. red-brown).

Cruise SMIB 9, N.O. "Alis", coll, orstom, March 1993.

Sta. DW16.- 360-500 m, 22°25’ S. I71°42' E: Sassia remensa (4SR, 1 SI, 3SM). Distorsio habei (1 dd. crabbed).

Source: MNHN. Paris

INDEX

Valid names are in bold. Page numbers in italics refer Co illustrations: numbers in bold indicate full taxonomic treatments.

abbreviate, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110. Ill

acclivis, Triton (Simpulum) / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110. Ill

aculeata, Gyrineum (Biplex) / Biplex 32, 33, 34

acuta, Distorta / Distorsio 195. 197

affmis, Ranella / Bursa 150, 151. 153

Afrocanidea 80. 81

albivaricosa, Bufonaria 19

albocingulatus , Triton / Cymatium (Gutturnium) 81

alfredensis Bartsch, 1915, Nyctilochus / Charonia 69. 70. 71

afredensis Turton, 1932, Bursa 150. 151

alvaradoi, Distorsio / Personopsis 208

americanum. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110. Ill

amphytridis, Tritocurrus / Cymatium 73

andamanense. Cymatium <Ranularia) 18

andoi, Cymatium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 114

angioyorum, Bursa 155

anjarensis, Ranella / Gyrineum 38, 40

Annaperenna 143

antiUarum, Triton / Cymatium (Gutturnium) 81

antupum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

anus, Murex / Distorsio 14. 19, 181, 182. 183. 184

apenninicum, Triton / Sassia 137. 138. 141

aperturale, Eutriionium (Sassia) / Charonia 69, 73

Apollon 37

aquatilis, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 14, 17. 85. 86, 109

armatum, Lotorium / Cymatium (Ranularia) 18. 115. 116

arthritica, Charonia (CharonieUa) 139

arthuri, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18, 128

asperrima, Bursa 19, 144, 146

atlantica Bowdich, 1822, Triton / Charonia 68

atlanticum Fechter, 1975, Gyrineum / Halgyrineum 64, 66

australasiae. Monoplex / Cymatium (Monoplex) 85, 110. Ill, 7/2

australe, Triton / Charonia 69. 70

Austrosassia 139

Austro triton 139

awatii, Bursa 19, 161

bantamensis. Purpura (Polytropa) / Cymatium (Lina tel la) 83

bardeyi, Tutufa (Tutufa) 19, 174

bayeri, Cymatium (Gutturnium) / Cymatium (Reticutriton) 130, 132

beccarii , Tritonium (Simpulum) / Cymatium (Monoplex) 114

benvegnuae, Bursa 161

bergeri, Ranella / Bursa 163, 164, 165. 166

beui, Cymatium (Septa) 134

beui, Distorsio (Personella) / Personopsis 208

bibbeyi, Cymatium (Septa) 18. 133

bicanaliculatum, Triton / Charonia 69

Biplex 21

bitubercularis, Ranella / Gyrineum 17, 36, 38. 40, 4/

blacketi, Septa / Cymatium (Septa) 134

boholica. Tutufa (Tutufella) 19. 177

borisbeckeri, Bufonaria 19

bomeana , Cymatium (Lampusia) / Cymatium (Monoplex) 86, 88,

114

boschi, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

bozzettii sp. nov.. Biplex 17. 22. 23. 25, 36

brasilianum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110, 111

bubo. Murex / Tutufa (Tutufa) 19, 172, 173

Buccinatorium 66

bufo, Murex / Marsupina 145. 167

bufo. Ranella / Biplex 22, 24. 27

bufo. Tritonium / Tutufa (Tutufa) 14. 19. 173. 174

Bufonaria 167

BufonarieUa 143

bufonius, Murex I Bursa 19. 142

burgessi. Distorsio 19

Bursa 142

BURSIDAE 142

Bursina 167

Cabestanimorpha 11. 85

caledonensis, Lampas / Tutufa (Tutufella) 178. 179, ISO

califomica, ' Ranella" 64

calif arnica, Crossata 171. 178

callosum, Triton / Charonia 69

canal iferus, Triton / Cymatium (Ranularia) 117

canarica, Bursa 161

cancelUnits, Murex / Distorsio 197. 199

candisatum, Tritonium / Bursa 143. 145

capax, Charonia 69, 71

caribbaeum. Cymatium 127

carinaturn, Triton / Charonia 69

carinulatus. Triton (Monocirsus) / Sassia 139

caudatum, Buccinum / Cymatium (Linatella) 80. 83. 84, 119

caudatus. Murex / Cymatium (Ranularia) 18. 115. 117. 118, 119,

123, 125

cavitensis. Bufonaria 19

cercadicum, Cymatium (Monoplex) 83

Charonia 66

CharonieUa 139

Chasmotheca 167

chemnitzii, Ranella / Gyrineum 49, 51. 54

chlorostomum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 107, 108

cingulata, Cassidaria / Cymatium (Linatella) 83, 84

clandestinum. Triton / Cymatium ( Gelagna) 11. 79, 80

clat lira turn, Triton / Distorsio 182, 194, 199

clavator, Murex! Cymatium (Ranularia) 115. 124

closeli, Cymatium (Septa) 18, 133

cochleosocium, Triton ! Charonia 69

Colubrellina 143

comptus. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex)M, 76. 86. 87. 89

concinna, Bursa / Gyrineum 17, 36, 42. 43

conditus. Murex / Bursa 19, 143, 144

confinis, Triton / Cymatium ( Gelagna ) 79. 80

conodentatum, Triton / Charonia 69

constricta, Distorsio 190

coriacea. Bursa 154

corrugata, Bursa 151, 153

corrugatum, Cymatium 15, 114

costatus, Murex / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110, 112

costulatus, Murex / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110, III

crassum, Triton / Charonia 69, 73

cretaceus. Biplex 22

252

ALAN G. BEU

crispus, Triton / Cymatium (Guttumium) 81

cristinae , Bufonaria 19

cruentata. Ranella / Bursa 14, 19. 144, 145

crumena, Bufonaria 19

cruzana, Cymatium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 85. 86

cubaniana, Ranella / Bursa 150. 151. 153. 154

cumingiana, Bursa 150. 151. 153.

curtum. Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

cuspidata, Ranella I Gyrineum 38. 40,41 . 42. 55

cuspidataeformis, Apollon / Gyrineum 49. 50, 51.52. 54

cutaceus, Fusus / Cymatium (Unatella) 17. 83

CYMATIINAE 66

Cymatium 73. 75

Cymatona 139

Cymatriton 85

cynocephalum. Triton I Cymatium (Ranularia) 16, 18. 74, I 15, 125,

127

davidboschi, Bursa 19

decipiens, Triton / Distorsio 19. 181. 185. 192. 196

defranata, Ranularia / Cymatium (Ranularia) 127

deliberatus , Apollon / Gyrineum 37, 49. 50, 51. 52, 53

denseplicata , Distorsio 199

diramatum. Triton / Charonia 69

Dissentoma 85

Distorsio 182

Distorsionella 203

Distorsomina gen. nov. 199. 208

Distorta 182

Distortrix 182

distortion, Triton / Cymatium (Lotoria) 84. 85, 102

djunggranganensis. Persona / Distorsio 186, 188. 189, 190

doliata, Neptunea / Cymatium ( Gelagna ) 79. 80

Dulcerana 143, 153

dunkeri, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18. 101. 107. 119. 120, 121. 126

durbanense, Cymatium 91.93

echinatum. Gyrineum / Bursa (Bufonaria) 19. 167. 171

echo, Cymatium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110. III. 113

edgerleyi, Gyrineum / Biplex 28. 29

elegans, Biplex / Gyrineum 57. 58

elegans, Bufonaria 19. 171

elongation Settepassi. 1970. Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

elongatus Reeve. 1844. Triton! Cymatium (Monoplex) 95. 97. 98, 99

elongatus Settepassi. 1970. Tritonium (Charonia) / Charonia 69

elsmerense, Gyrineum l Cymatium (Reticutriton) 102. 131. 132

encausticum, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

englishi. Septa / Charonia 69. 71

euclia, Cabestanimorpha / Cymatium (Monoplex) 91

euclia, Charonia / Charonia 69, 71

euclioides, Charonia 69, 71.72

euconstricta, Distorsio 20, 18/. 186, 187. 188

Futritonium 66

evaricosus, Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

exaratus. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 17, 76. 77. 85. 89. 90. 128

exilis. Triton / Cymatium (Ranularia) 18. 109. 122, 123

facetus, Apollon / Gyrineum 49 . 50. 51 , 52 , 53

femorale, Murex / Cymatium 16 . 73 , 74, 84

fernandesi, Bufonaria 19

ftcarazzen.se, Triton / Charonia 69

ftjiensis . Ranella / Bursa 19 , 144, 146 . 147, 160 . 181

fittkaui. Cymatium (Turritriton) I Cymatium (Monoplex) 17. 76. 100

flabellatum, Triton / Charonia 69

flaveolum. Cymatium (Septa) 17 . 18

floridanum, Cymatium (Unatella) 83

foliata, Ranella l Bufonaria 19 . 167

formosus. Monoplex / Cymatium (Ranularia) 124

fortespirale. Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

fossatum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110. Ill

fosteri. Bursa (Colubrellina) / Bursa 19 , 149 . 161 , 181

francesae, Distorsio 195 , 197 , 199

fraterculus, Tritonium 93

fuscocostata. Bursa / Gyrineum 38 . 39 . 40

gallinago. Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

garretti. Bursa (Apollon) 52. 59

Gelagna 75. 77

gembacanum, Eutritonium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 114

gemma. Afrocanidea / Cymatium (Guttumium) 80, 81, 82

gemmatus. Triton I Cymatium (Monoplex) 14, 18, 76, 88, 103. 104,

107

gemmellari, Triton (Semiranella) 66. 69. 73

gemmula. Afrocanidea 81

gibbosum, Cymatium 11. 135

gigantea. Bursa (Tutufa) /Tutufa (Tutufa) 172, 174

glabrum. Tritonium / Charonia 69

gnorima, Bufonaria 19

graceiellae. Distorsio 20. 186, 187. 188

gracilis, Triton / Cymatium (Reticutriton) 99. 130. 131, 132

grandimaculatum. Cymatium (Uttoria) 16, 17. 70, 74, 75

granifera, Ranella / Bursa 150. 151, 153

granulare. Tritonium / Bursa 14, 19, 143. 145, 148. 150. 152. 181

granulation, Tritonium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 89, 93

grasi, Triton / Personopsis 201. 204, 208. 209

gurabonicum, Cymatium gracile / Cymatium (Monoplex) 86. 88

Guttumium 75. 80

guttumium. Tudicla / Cymatium (Ranularia) 14, 18, 109, 115, 118,

124. 128

gyrinata, Ranella / Cymatium (Guttumium) 81

GYRINEINAE 21

Gyrinella 37

Gyrineum 7, 37

gyrinoides, Murex / Charonia 69, 73

gyrinus. Murex / Gyrineum 14. 17. 37, 43, 44

habei, Distorsio 20, 186, 187, 188. 195

haemastoma, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 114

Halgyrineum gen. nov. 17. 63

hepaticum, Tritonium / Cymatium (Septa) 14, 18, 76 . 132

hians, Pampas I Tutufa (Tutufella) 177, 178. 179

hirasei, Biplex / Gyrineum 17, 46. 47. 48

horrida, Distorsio 194

humilis, Bursa 19, 161

ignobilis. Bufonaria 19, 167. 168, 170

imperans. Triton / Charonia 69

indomelanicum. Cymatium (Turritriton) I Cymatium (Monoplex) 99

inflectilabrum, Triton / Charonia 69

imbricata, Triton / Charonia 66, 68

instructa, Charonia 69, 71,72

insulate , Cymatium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 114

intermedia, Bursa 150. 151. 153

intermedium de Gregorio, 1885. Triton / Charonia 69

intermedium Pease, 1869, Cymatium (Monoplex) 18

interposita. Distorsio l Personopsis 208

iredalei, Ranularia / Cymatium (Ranularia) 119

iwakawanum. Cymatium (Monoplex) 110, 111

jabick, Tritonium / Bursa 150 . 151 . 153

jucunda, Ranella / Biplex 31 . 32

junghuhni , Ranella / Gyrineum 49 , 50. 51 . 52. 54

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

253

kampy/a. Nassaria / Sassia 139

karikalensis, Ranella / Gyrineum 38, 39, 42

keenae, Cymatium 111, 113, 114

kiiense, Lotorium (Cymatium) / Cymatium (Monoplex) 89

kiiensis, Turritriton 128

klenei, Cymatium f Monoplex) 93

kobelti, Cymatium 77

kotakai, Distorsio (Rhysema) / Distorsio 186, 189, 190

Kotakaia 199

kowiensis, Bursa 150, 151, 153, 154

krenkeli, Cymatium (Linatella) 83

kueneni. Persona (Distorsio) ! Distorsio 195, 197

kurzi. Distorsio 20, 181. 184. 190

labiata. Ranularia / Cymatium (Ranularia) 124

labiosus, Murex / Cymatium (Turritriton) 14 . 18 . 77 . 88 , 107. 131,

135

labropolitum, Triton / Charonia 69

lacunatum. Triton / Gyrineum 14 . 17 . 36, 37 , 49 , 50, 52, 53

Lagena 11

lamarckii. Ranella / Bursa 19. 155. 156, 181

lamonganana, Nassa / Distorsio 195 . 197 , 199

Lampadopsis 143

Lampas 177

lampas, Murex / Charonia 16 , 17 , 66 . 67. 69 . 77, 74, 172

lampas, Triton 14

Lampasopsis 143

Lampusia 85

latespiratum, Triton / Charonia 69

la tit u do, Bursa 19. 149, 156, 157. 158, 159, 181

lewisi, Distorsio (Distorsionella) / Distorsionella 20 . 203. 204 , 207

Linatella 75 . 83

lineata, Bursa 150 . 151 . 153

lineatum, Cymatium 102 . 132

lissostoma, Bursa (Tutufa) / Tutu/a (Tutu/a) 174 . 175

livida, Ranella / Bursa 150 . 151 . 153

loebbeckei. Triton! Cymatium (Turritriton) 101 , 107, 136

longicaudatum sp. nov.. Gyrineum 17, 36, 54. 55, 56

longirostra, Ranularia / Cymatium (Ranularia) 115 , 124

loroisii, Triton 1 Cymatium (Turritriton) 135 . 136

lotor, Lotorium / Cymatium 73

Lotoria 75 , 84

Lotorium 73

lotorium , Murex / Cymatium (Lotoria) 14 . 16 , 17 . 67, 73 . 74. 84

louisae, Gyrineum / Halgyrineum 36, 63 , 64 . 65

lucaensis, Bursa 19. 149. 152. \6\. 18/

lutcostoma. Bursa 19 . 143

maccoyi, Gyrineum 38

macgintyi, Distorsio 190

macilenta, Charonia 69, 71,72

macrodon, Cymatium 115

macron rum. Tri ionium / Cymatium fRanularia) 124

magnijica, Ranella / Biplex 22. 26. 27

major Pallary, 1900. Simpulum / Charonia 69

major Setlepassi. 1970. Cymatium (Monoplex) I 10

mammata, Bursa 165. 167

marerubrum. Cymatium (Septa) 18, 135

margaritula. Bufonaria 19. 172

marginata, Bufonaria 167

marmoratum, Triton / Charonia 66, 68

marshalli, Sassia (Sassia) / Sassia 138, 139, 140, 141

Marsupina 26. 143. 167

mauritianum, Tritonium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 105. 107

mediterranean!, Tritonium / Charonia 69. 70

metableta, Persona! Distorsio 195. 197

microstoma. Bursa (Biplex) ! Biplex 32, 33, 34, 35

midway ensis, Sassia (Sassia) 18

milonum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

minae, Triton / Personopsis 208

minima. Simpulum / Charonia 69

minoense, Apollon / Gyrineum 38, 39, 42

minor Euthyme, 1889, Tritonium ! Charonia 69

minor Settcpassi. 1970, Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

minoruohnishii, Distorsio 190

minus-verrucosum, Triton ! Charonia 69

mirabilis, Charonia 70. 71

mixtum, Cymatium (Septa) 18, 76, 132. 133

moniliferum. Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

monitata. Bursa 142

Monocirsus 139

Monoplex 77. 85

muehlhaeusseri, Bursa 155, 157

muelilhaeusseri. Distorsio 20. 194

mulus. Murex / Distorsio 195. 197

mundum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 14, 18. 103, 105, 106

muricina, Distorsio / Cymatium (Gutturnium) 14. 17. 76, 80. 81, 82

N _

naniusculum, Triton ! Charonia 69

nassariformis. Sassia 18. 141. 142

natalensis. Bursa 149, 150, 160, 161

natator. Tritonium ! Gyrineum 1 7. 36. 57, 58

neptunia, Linatella ! Cymatium (Linatella) 83

nerei, Murex / Charonia 69

nicobaricum, Tritonium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 14. 18. 76. 96. 99,

107

nigrita. Tutufa (Tutufella) 19, 179, 180

nobilis Conrad. 1849. Triton / Charonia 66. 68

nobilis Reeve. 1844, Ranella I Bufonaria 19, 167, 168. 169

nodiferum, Triton ! Charonia 69. 70

nodosum. Cymatium (Monoplex) I 10

nodulus, Tritonium l Cymatium (Gutturnium) 81

normalis, Triton / Charonia 69

Nyctilochus 73

obesa. Litiopa / Cymatium (Gutturnium) 81

obesum, Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

ohlitum, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

oboesum. Cymatium (Ranularia) 18, 115

obscurus, Triton ! Cymatium (Monoplex) 89, 91

occidental. Triton (Lampusia) / Cymatium (Septa) 18. 76, 85. 133,

134

Olequahia 142

olivator, Ranella / Gyrineum 57

opis, Tritonium ! Charonia 69, 70

orientalis G & H Nevill, 1874. Triton (Gutturnium) / Cymatium

Turritriton 136

orientalis Garcia-Talavera. 1987, Cymatium (Monoplex) 114. 115

osawanoensis, Apollon ! Gyrineum 38, 39, 42

oyamai. Tutufa (Tutufella) 19. 173, 177

pallida. Linatella ( Gelagna)! Cymatium <Gelagna ) 17. 76. 77, 78

palmeri. Sassia 18

pamotanensis. Ranella I Biplex 22. 27.28

Paralagena 11

parkinsonia. Septa ! Sassia 139

parthenopeus. Murex / Cymatium (Monoplex) 1 8. 83, 85, 110. 112

parthi, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

Particymatium 135

partschii, Tritonium! Charonia 69. 71

parvimpedita sp. nov.. Distorsio 20. 181, 191, 192, 193

paulucciana, Ranella / Bursa 163, 165. 166

peasei, Cymatium (Septa) 18

pellegrinense, Triton ! Charonia 69

254

ALAN G. BEU

peninsulum, Cymatium (Linatella) 83

penniketi sp. now, Cymatium (Monoplex) 18, 76, 89, 93, 94. 96

perca. Biplex 17, 22. 23, 25. 28. 30, 36

perdistorta. Distorsio 20, 184, 194

perelegans, Bufonaria 14, 19. 168, 170

perficus, Saginafusus / Cymatium (Monoplex) 114

peribrantum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

perliberalis. Apollon (Biplex) / Biplex 22, 27, 31

perryi, Cymatium (Lotoria) 17. 84, 85

Persona 182

Personella 208

PERSONIDAE 182

Personopsis 208

pfeifferianum, Triton / Cymatium (Reticutriton) 18, 88. 76. 102, 130.

131

Phanozesta 139

pharcida. Lampusia / Cymatium (Monoplex) 100, 102

pileare . Murex / Cymatium (Monoplex) 14. 18, 85, 107, 109, 114

Pisanianura 21

PISANIANURIDAE 21

pliniae, Triton / Charonia 69, 70

polychloros, Ranella / Gyrineum 49, 51. 52

poulsenii, Triton (Linatella) / Cymatium (Linatella) 83

powelli, Charonia 69, 71

prima, Dissentoma 1 Cymatium (Monoplex) 85, 110. Ill

prisca, Gyrineum (Biplex) / Biplex 28, 31

production, Triton I Cymatium (Gutturnium) 81

propeficarazzense, Triton / Charonia 69

prototubercularis. Ranella / Gyrineum 57

Proxicharonia 139

pseudaphera sp. nov., Distorsionella 20, 205. 206

Pseudobursa 143

pulchella Forbes. 1852, Ranella / Biplex 31

pulchella G.B. Sowerby 1, 1825. Ranella / Biplex 17, 22, 24. 27. 29.

pulchellus C.B. Adams, 1850, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 107,

108

pulchra . Ranella / Biplex 17, 21.22, 23, 30. 32. 33. 36

pumilio, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 107, 108

purpurata sp. nov., Personopsis 20, 208. 209, 210

pusilla Broderip. 1833. Ranella / Gyrineum 17. 37, 50, 52. 59. 60

pusilla Pease, 1861. Distorsio / Distorsomina 20, 199, 200. 201, 202,

208

pustulata, Tritonium / Charonia 69

pyrifonnis, Triton / Cymatium (Gutturnium) 81

pyrulum, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

pvrum. Murex I Cymatium (Ranularia) 14. 16. 18, 74. 75. 84. 109.

117,122,125. 126

quirihorai. Bursa 19, 148, 149, 162. 164. 181

rana. Bufonaria 19

RANELLIDAE 21

ranelliforme, Triton / Charonia 69

RANELLINAE 21

ranelloides. Triton / Bursa 19. 143. 156. 161

ranina, Ranella / Gyrineum 44

raninoides, Ranella / Gyritwum 38. 39. 41

Ranularia 75. 77. 115

ranzanii. Cymatium (Cymatium) 17

rehderi, Cymatium (Ranularia) 89. 122. 129

rembangense, Eutritonium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 97, 99

remensa. Phanozesta / Sassia 18, 138, 139. 140

reticularis. Murex I Distorsio 14, 20, 181. 185. 195. 196, 198

reticulata, Distorsio 195. 197

Reticutriton 77, 130

Retusum 115

retusum, Triton / Cymatium (Ranularia) 115

rhinoceros, Cymatium / Cymatium (Lotoria) 84

rhodostoma, Ranella I Bursa 14, 19, 143. 149, 162. 163, 164, 181

Rhysema 182

ridleyi. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 86, 87, 88, 89

robusta Belletante. 1954 Cymatium (Cabestana) / Cymatium

Monoplex 110. Ill

robusta Fulton. 1936, Gyrineum 57. 58

rosa. Biplex / Bursa 14, 19, 164. 166

rosea . Ranella / Gyrineum 17, 36, 61 .62

rostratus. Ranularia (Lagena) / Cymatium (Linatella) 83

rotunda. Distorta / Distorsio 182. 183

rubecula, Murex / Cymatium (Septa) 14. 18, 76. 119. 132. 134

rubeta , Murex / Tutufa (Tutufella) 14, 19, 173, 176, 177, 178. 180

rubicola, Biplex / Bursa 150, 151. 153

rubicunda. Septa / Charonia 69, 70, 72

rugosa. Distorta / Distorsio 182, 183

rut Hum, Tritonium / Cymatium (Turritriton) 135. 136

rutoti. Eu tritonium (Sassia) / Personopsis 208

sagitta, Ranella / Gyrineum 49, 51. 54

sakuraii, Sassia 141

salbriacense, Eutritonium / Charonia 69. 73

sarcostoma. Triton I Cymatium (Ranularia) 18, 92, 109, 125, 126

Sassia 137

Sassia, sp. nov. ? 138. 141

sauliae, Triton / Charonia 69, 70

sbilpum. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

scalaratum, Triton / Charonia 69

scarlatina. Septa / Cymatium (Septa) 132, 134. 135

scrobilator. Murex / Bursa 143, 154

seguenzae, Tritonium / Charonia 68

semigranosa, Bursa 154

Semiranella 66

semitorta, Sassia 18, 141

Septa 77. 132

simplex, Kotakaia 199

Simpulum 132

sinensis, Triton I Cymatium (Ranularia) 14, 18, 121, 127. 128

singillum, Triton gyrinoides / Charonia 69

siphonata, Ranella / Bursa 166

solitarium, Tritonium / Charonia 69

somalica. Distorsio 20. 194

spengleri, Cabestana 153

spinosa. Bufonaria 167

springsteeni, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18. 109, 128

stimum, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

strangei, Triton / Cymatium (Turritriton) 135, 136

subcolubrinum, Triton / Charonia 69

subgranosa. Bufonaria 19. 171

subnodosum, Cymatium (Monoplex) 110

subnormalis, Triton / Charonia 69

succinctum Lamarck, 1816. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110, 111

succinctus Linne, 1771, Murex / Cymatium ( Gelagna ) 14, 17. 76. 77.

78, 79

tenuigranosa. Bursa (Tutufa) / Tutufa (Tutufa) 19, 175. 176

tenuiliratus, Triton 1 Cymatium (Monoplex) 18, 76, 100. 101. 107

tenuisculpta, Bursa 161

testudinarius, Triton / Cymatium (Ranularia) 18. 109. 121. 129

thersites. Redfteld, 1846. Ranella I Bufonaria 14, 19, 168, 171. 181

thersites. Reeve, 1844, Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 18. 76. 89. 95.

thotnae, Bursa 165, 166

tigrinum, Triton / Cymatium 73

timorensis , Ranella (Biplex) / Biplex 32, 33, 34

tortuosa, Distorsio 199

tranquebaricum, Cymatium 83

transeuns, Triton 1 Charonia 69

trigonaperta sp. nov., Personopsis 20, 208, 210, 211, 2/2

trilineatum. Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

tripum, Cymatium (Ranularia) 18

Tritocurrus 73

Source: MNHN, Paris

RANELLIDAE, BURSIDAE AND PERSONIDAE OF NEW CALEDONIA

255

Triton 66

tritonis, Murex / Charonia 14, 17. 66. 67

Tritoniscus 135

Tritonium 66

Tritonocauda 115

tritonoides, Ranella / Gyrineum 38

Tritonoranella 143

tuberculata Broderip, 1833, Ranella / Gyrineum 57, 58 , 59

tube rad us Perry. 1811 Biplex / Tutufa (futufella) 178, 179, ISO

tuberosissima, Bursa 19. 166

tuberosum Lamarck, 1822. Triton / Cymatium (Gutturnium) 80, 81

tuberosum Roding, 1798, Tritonium / Tutufa (Tutufella) 178, 179, 180

Turritritonll , 135

Tutufa 172

Tutufella 177

undosum , Triton / Cymatium (Linatella) 83

valentinei, Cymatium (Linatella) / Cymatium (Monoplex) 110, 111

valrovinensis, Triton (Semiranella) / Charonia 66. 69, 73

varicosa Euthyme, 1889, Tritonium / Charonia 69

varicosum Link. 1807. Tritonium / Cymatium (Ranularia) 117

variegata Lamarck, 1816, Charonia 66, 68, 72

variegata Perry, 1811, Biplex / Gyrineum 44

ventricosa Kronenberg, 1 994, Distorsio 20. 194

ventricosum Grateloup, 1833, Triton / Charonia 69, 73

venustula, Bursa 19, 155, 164, 165. 166

verrucosa G.B.Sowerby I, 1825. Ranella / Bursa 19. 143

verrucosum de Gregorio. 1893, Triton / Charonia 69

verrucosum Link, 1807, Gyrineum 37, 44

vespaceum. Triton / Cymatium (Monoplex) 18, 76, 77. 88, 89, 96.

97. 9S

voigtii, Fusus / Cymatium (Linatella) 83

vulticula, Tritonocauda / Cymatium (Ranularia) 117

weisbordi, Charonia 70, 71,72

wiegmanni, Linatella / Cymatium (Monoplex) 83

wilmerianum, Gyrineum 17.43. 45

wolfei, Bursa (Bufonariella) latitudo 157, 160

xantostoma , Ranella / /fursa 163, 165

Y '

yagenaensis, Distorsio (Rhysema) / Distorsio 189

zimara, Cymatium / Cymatium (Monoplex) 91

BIBL. DU

MUSEUM

Remerciements aux rapporteurs / Acknowledgements to referees

La Redaction tient & remercier les experts exterieurs au Museum national d’Histoire naturelle dont les noms suivent, d’avoir

bien voulu contribuer, avec les rapporteurs de I’Etablissement. h revaluation des manuscrits (1995/1998) :

The Editorial Board acknowledges with thanks the following referees who, with Museum referees, have reviewed papers

submitted to the Memoires du Museum (1995/1998):

Afzelius B.

Stockholm

Sufcde

Akam M.

Cambridge

Grande-Bretagne

Andersen N.

Copenhague

Danemark

Augelli I.

Milan

Italie

Baba K.

Kumamoto

Japon

Bachmann G. H.

Halle-Wittenberg

Allemagne

Bally A. W.

Houston

USA

Banks T.

Eg ham

Grande-Bretagne

Baud A.

Lausanne

France

Bellido A.

Paimpont

France

Berggren M.

Fiskebackskil

Suede

Bernet-Rollande M.C.

Paris

France

Bernoulli D.

Ziirich

Suisse

Bertotti G.

Amsterdam

Pays-Bas

Besse J.

Paris

France

BessereauG.

Rueil-Malmaison

France

BestM.

Leiden

Pays-Bas

Bonavia F.

Paris

France

BOURSEAU J.P.

Villeurbanne

France

Bruce J.

Helensvale

Australie

BruceN.

Copenhague

Danemark

Brunton H

Londres

Grande-Bretagne

Carpenter J.

New York

USA

Cassagneau P.

Toulouse

France

Chace F. A.

Washington

USA

Child C. A.

Washington

USA

Cherix D.

Lausanne

Suisse

Clobert J.

Paris

France

Cloetingh S.

Amsterdam

Pays-Bas

Cohen D.

Los Angeles

USA

Cook P. L.

Victoria

Australie

Cordey F.

Lyon

France

Cornudella L.

Barcelone

Espagne

Cuzin-RoudyJ.

Villefranche / Mer

France

Darlu P.

Paris

France

Danchin E.

Paris

France

Davie P.

Brisbane

Australie

Dejean A.

Villctaneuse

France

Deleporte P.

Paimpont

France

Dietrich C.

Champaign

USA

Duffels J. P.

Amsterdam

Pays-Bas

Eldredge L. L.

Hawaii

USA

Ellouz N.

Rueil-Malmaison

France

Fahay M.

Highlands

USA

Fleury A.

Orsay

France

Fodor L.

Budapest

Hongrie

FRansen C.

Leiden

Pays-Bas

Gagn£ R.

Washington

USA

Coring.

Geneve

Suisse

Guglielmo L.

Messina

Italie

Gullan P.

Canberra

Australie

Gunzenhauser B.

Zurich

Suisse

Hancock P.

Bristol

Grande-Bretagne

Harmelin J.G.

Marseille

France

Healy J.

Brisbane

Australie

Heemstra P.

Grahamstown

Afrique du Sud

Hodgson C.

Ashford

Grande-Bretagne

HolthuisL B.

Leiden

Pays-Bas

Holthuis L. H.

Leiden

Pays-Bas

HorvAth F.

Budapest

Hongrie

Ingrjsch S.

Frankfurt

Allemagne

Jordan P.

Solothum

Suisse

Kensley B.

Washington

USA

Kerp H.

Munster

Allemagne

Kielan-Jaworowska Z.

Oslo

Norv£ge

Komai T.

Chiba

Japon

Krapp F.

Bonn

Allemagne

Kristensen N.

Copenhague

Danemark

Lagard£re J.P.

La Rochelle

France

Laubscher H P.

Bale

Suisse

Ledouaran S.

Paris

France

Lemaitre R.

Washington

USA

Lovelock P E R.

La Haye

Pays-Bas

LOWRIE J

Zurich

Suisse

Machida Y.

Kochi

Japon

MacKinnon D.

Christchurch

Nouvcllc-Zelande

MacPherson E.

Barcelona

Espagne

Maddison D.

Tucson

USA

Manning R.

Washington

USA

Markle D.

Oregon

USA

Masaki S.

Hirosaki

Japon

Mascle A.

Rueil-Malmaison

France

Masse P.

Paris

France

Mauchline J.

Oban

Grande-Bretagne

McLaughlin P.

Washington

USA

McLennan D.

Toronto

Canada

Merrett N.

Londres

Grande-Bretagne

Messing C.

Dania

USA

MeulenkampJ.

Utrecht

Pays-Bas

Morand S.

Perpignan

France

MugnierJ.L.

Grenoble

France

Nakamura 1.

Kyoto

Japon

Naumann C.

Bonn

Allemagne

Newman W. A.

San Diego

USA

Oliva R.

Barcelone

Espagne

OroussetJ.

Paris

France

Packer L.

York

Canada

Peter NG

Singapore

Singapour

Plateaux C.

Nancy

France

Poccia D. L.

Amherst

USA

Poore G.

Victoria

Australie

Proust J. N.

Lille

France

Raikova 0.

Saint-Petersbourg

Russie

Ravenne C.

Rueil-Malmaison

France

RentzD. C. R.

Canberra

Australie

Richards W.

Miami

USA

Roberts C.

Wellington

Nouvelle-Zelandc

Roure F.

Rueil-Malmaison

France

Salomon M.

Marseille

France

Sazonov Y.

Moscou

Russie

ScholtzC.

Pretoria

Afrique du Sud

Schmid S. M.

Bale

Suisse

SchwanderM.

La Haye

Pays-Bas

Spiridonov V.

Moscou

Russie

Stampfli G.

Lausanne

Suisse

Stefanescu M. 0.

Bucarest

Roumanie

Stewart A.

Wellington

Nouvelle-Zdlande

TakedaM.

Tokyo

Japon

TanC. G. S.

Singapore

Singapour

TassyP

Paris

France

Thorne B.

Maryland

USA

TribovillardN.

Pans

France

TUDGE C.

Brisbane

Australie

Van Ameron H. W. J.

Krefeld

Allemagne

Van BaarenJ

Rennes

France

Vernon P.

Paimpont

France

Vickery Vernon R.

Ste-Anne / Bellevue

Canada

Vul M. A.

Lvov

Ukraine

WageleJ. W.

Bielefeld

Allemagne

Watson N.

Armidale

Australie

Wenzel J.

Colombus

USA

Wiegmann B.

Maryland

USA

Wilson M.

Cardiff

Grande-Bretagne

Wilson S.

Warrensburg

USA

Yeates D.

Brisbane

Australie

Young P.S.

Rio de Janeiro

Brasil

Zappatera E.

Londres

Grande-Bretagne

Zezina 0.

Moscou

Russie

Ziegler P. A.

Bale

Suisse

Source: MNHN. Paris

ACHEVE D’lMPRIMER

EN OCTOBRE 1998

SUR LES PRESSES

l’imprimerie F. PAILLART

A ABBEVILLE

Date de distribution : 9 octobre 1998

Depot ttgal: Octobre 1998

N° d’impression : 9789

Source: MNHN. Paris

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