MÉMOIRES DU MUSÉUM NATIONAL D’HISTOIRE NATURELLE

Série B. Botanique. Tome IV, fascicule 2. — Pages 83 à 182.

. THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA,

INCLUDING THAILAND AND LOWER BURMA

E. Nelmes.

Introduction.

It was originally intended to include the Carices of Indo-China

in the révision of the Malaysian species (The Genus Carex in Malay¬

sia : Reinivardtia, 1 : 221-450 : 1951) but later it was found more

cônvenient, in view of the wish to condense the révision for inclusion

in Flora Malesiana, to treat the Indo-Chinese species separately. Indo-

China has beén made to include Thailand (Siam), which it once

loosely did, and Lower Burma has been added because of its geogra-

phical contiguitÿ and caricological affinities.

There is no need for a lengthy introduction, as the discussion on

phylogeny and classification in the tribe Cariceae, and the notes on

the chief distinguishing characters in Carex, contained in the earlier

publication, apply equally well here.

The very wide-leaved species referred to in « The Genus Carex

in Malaysia » under C. helferi Boeck., the only one of this group in

Malaysia proper, are in Indo-China represented by as many as a

dozen species, including C. adrienii E. G. Camus, the leaves of which

are up to 6.7 cm. wide. There is also a large increase in the number

of species in the rather wide-leaved Sect. Stramentitiae, which is con-

sidered to represent slightly Jèss primitive types of plants, but there

is an appréciable diminution in the number of species of Sect. Fili-

cinae, the species of which hâve comparatively narrow leaves. Alto-

gether these members of Subgenus Indocarex number 34, which is

exactly half of the total for the whole area. These are followed by

Carex petelotii, the only Indo-Chinese member of Kükenthal’s unispi-

MÉMOIRF.S

Muséum. — Botanique, t. IV.

E. NELMES.

cate Subgenus Primocnrex which, because it is so greatly reduced, is

difficult to place relative to the members of the other three subgeneric

divisions of Carex. Subgenus Carex daims 31 of the remaining 33

species, the final 2 representing Subgenus Vignea, which is so com-

mon in north temperate régions but so rare in the tropics.

If one accepts the view that those Indocnrices with very wide

and more or less elliptic leaves, and inhabiting evergreen forests, re-

present the most primitive group, then Indo-China is the véritable

home of the genus.

Nearly ail the widest-leaved species are endemic to one only

though not the same one, of lhe seven divisions into which it is con-

venient to divide the whole area. Of the total of 34 Indocarices, 16

are restricted to one division, as follows : Tongking 6, Thailand 5,

Lower Burma 3, Laos 2 ; two species occur in only two divisions,

while the remaining 16 members are known from one or more of the

divisions, as well as from one or more counlries outside our whole

area. About half-a-dozen Indocarices hâve a comparatively extended

distribution, mostly ranging from India southeastwards to New

Guinea or a little beyond and sometimes including China and Japan.

Only 10 of the 31 species of Subgen. Carex are restricted to one

or another of our seven divisions : to Thailand and Tongking 3 each,

and Lower Burma, Laos, Annain and Cambodia 1 each. The remai¬

ning Indo-Chinese members of this subgenus, though nearly ail occur

in one only of the divisions, are also known from one or more outside

areas, and of these about 10 are of comparatively rather extensive

range, though this is not so consistently of the India to New Guinea

type as in Indocarex. A few examples will illustrate this : C. teinoggna

Boott : India, Arinam, Sumatra, Japan ; C. nemostachys Steud. :

India, Thailand, China, Japan ; C. speciosa Kunth : throughout Indo-

China, and India, Sumatra, Java ; C. dimorpholepis Steud. : India,

Tongking, China, Korea, Japan ; C. maubertiana Boott : India, China,

Annam, Sumatra, Java.

Literature.

There has not been any previous account of the Carices of Indo-

China, except in H. Lecomte’s « Flore Générale de l’Indo-Chine », 1907-

50. The treatment of Carex in this work is in vol. 7, pp. 180-201, figs.

26-29, 1912-22, where 25 species are recognised as occuring in French

Indo-China. R. Gross (in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl., 14 : 189-194 : 1938)

described 2 new species and 3 new varieties, based on a collection

made by A. Petelot in Tongking.

Of the 68 species contained in this révision I am responsible for

24, described mostly in the Kew Bulletin during the years 1939-1950,

the principal authors of the other 44 species being C. B. Clarke 6, Nees

6, Boott 5, and Franchet 4.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

In the référencés lo literature « Clarke » followed by a number

indicates a page in C. B. Clarke’s « List of the Carices of Malaya »

(Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 : 1-16 : 1904). Siinilarly, « Kükenth. »

stands for Kükenthal’s nionograph of the Caricoideae (Engler’s Das

Pflanzenreich, IV, 20 : 824 pp. 1909) and « Nelmes » for my «Carex

in Malaysia » (Reinwardtia, 1 : 221-450 : 1951).

Sources of the Material.

The Paris Herbarium supplicd the great majority of the spéci¬

mens on which this work is based, but Kew contributed quite a con¬

sidérable number, including the extensive collections made by Dr.

A. F. G. Iverr in Thailand. The following abbreviations are used for

the herbaria from which I hâve seen and cited specimens : BM. Bri-

tish Muséum (Natural Hislory) ; BOG. Bogor ; CAL, Calcutta ; K.

Kew ; L. Leiden ; P. Paris.

Acknowledgements.

I must thank the Director of Kew and the Keeper of the Herba¬

rium for facilities during the production of the révision, which has

been prepared mainly in my spare time. For their kind help I am

indebted to my colleagues Mr. L. L. Forman and Mr. N. Y. Sandwith,

and also to Mr. T. Sinitinand, of the Royal Forest Department, Bang¬

kok, Thailand. Finally, my best thanks are due to Mrs. E. M. Gaughan,

who has so ably typed my often difficult manuscript, as she also did

the much larger MS. of « Carex in Malaysia ».

CAREX Linn.

KeY TO THE Sl'BGENERA OF CAREX.

1. Cladoprophylls absent. Spikes bisexual, sessile. Stigmas 2, very

rarely 3 .. 3. Vignea.

1. Cladoprophylls présent. Spikes bisexual or unisexual, often pedun-

cled. Stigmas 3 or, much less often, 2 :

2. Spikes bisexual (except in C. hypolytroides Ridley), sessile or

subsessile. Cladoprophylls utriculiform . 1. Indocar ex.

2. Spikes usually unisexual, often peduncled. Cladoprophylls ocrei-

form . 2. Carex.

Subgen. 1. Indocarex Baill.

Spikes androgynaeceous (except in C. hypolytroides), usually

short and numerous, rarely few, sessile or subsessile, usually more or

less panicled. Cladoprophylls utriculiform, rarely vestigial. Utricles

more or less trigonous. Stigmas 3.

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

Subgen. 2. Carex (Eucarex Coss. et Germ.).

Spikes usually unisexual, sometimes bisexual, often long, several,

rarely 1 or nunierous, often peduncled, usually solitary, sometimes

fascicled, simple, rarely compound at the base, often longly spaced

from one another. Cladoprophylls ocreiform. Utricles more or less

trigonous or, much less often, plano-convex or biconvex. Stigmas 3 or,

much less often, 2.

Subgen. 3. Vignea (P. Beauv.) Nees.

Spikes bisexual (androgynaeceous or gynaecandrous), very rarely

unisexual or dioecious, short, several to numerous, rarely I, sessile,

usually contiguous or approximatc. CAadoprophglls absent. Utricles

plano-convex or biconvex. Stigmas 2, very rarely 3.

Artificial Kf.y to tue Indo-Chinese Species of Carex.

1. Spike 1, terminating the stem . 35. C. petelotii.

1. Spikes more tlian 1 on a stem :

2. Terminal and most of the other numerous spikes female, a few smaller

ones male (a very tall plant — 100-240 cm. — with a regularly leafy

stem) . 4. C. hypolytroides.

2 bis. Terminal spike gynaecandrous, i. e. male below and female above,

or sometimes male at botli ends and female in the middle, never

female at the base :

3. Spikes sessile, 5-10 mm. long. 6. C. craspedotricha.

3. Spikes peduncled, 2-7.5 cm. long :

4. Upper 2-3 (4) spikes gynaecandrous ; female glumes oblong,

oblong-ovate, or elliptic, 3-3.75 mm. long ; utricles 3.5-4.5 mm.

long, dorsally 5-7-nerved . 64. C. kerrii.

4. Terminal spike gynaecandrous, rarely male at each end ; fema¬

le glumes spathulate-oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm. long ; utricles 3-3.75

mm. long, nerveless . 65. C. dimorpholepis.

2 ter. Terminal spike or spikes male (for 2 quater see p. 87)

5. Spikes 1-several in 1-3 fascicles. 37. C. phacelostachys.

5. Spikes single at every node :

6. Male spikes 2-5 (7) :

7. Awns of female glumes. 1.5-5 mm. long ; beak of utriclc 1.75-2

mm. long ; achenes ellipsoid or rliomboid-ellipsoid.

. 62. C. sacerdotis.

7. Awns of female glumes 0-2 mm. long ; beak of utricle 0.75-1.3

mm. long ; achenes ovoid, oblanceolate, ellipsoid or oblong-

ellipsoid :

8. Leaves 5-7 mm. wide ; female glumes oblong-elliptic, 3.25-4

mm. long ; utricles obovoid or ellipsoid, gradually beaked,

mouth extremely dorsally oblique. 60. C. chaetogyne.

8. Leaves 2-5 mm. wide ; female glumes ovate, ovate-lanceolate

or oblong-lanceolate, 2.5-3.5 mm. long ; utricles usually ovold

or oblong-ovoid, usually abruptly beaked, mouth not or scar-

cely oblique . 61. C. fedia.

6. Male spike 1 (rarely a smaller male spike at its base) :

9. Flowering stems arising from the axils of leaves produced on

a short shoot :

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

10. Leaves 10-18 mm. wide ; spikcs 3-0.5 cm. long, latéral ones

androgynaeceous . 55. C. thibetica.

10. Leaves 3-8 mm. wide ; spikes 0.5-1.5 cm. long, latéral ones

female :

11. Female glumes 5-5.5 mm. long ; utricles about 9.5 mm.

long, glabrous ; achene about 5.25 mm. long, angles deeply

sunk into a cavity at the centre.... 56. C. hoozanensis.

11. Female glumes 2-4 mm. long ; utricles 4.5-5.8 mm. long,

pubescent ; achene 3-3.75 mm. long, angles not sunk into

cavities :

12. Stems 5-30 cm. tall ; inflorescence 4.5-9.5 cm. long ; laté¬

ral spikes 1.2-2 cm. long ; female glumes mucronate

. 46. C. pleurocaula.

12. Stems 5-7 cm. tall ; inflorescence 1-1.3 cm. long ; latéral

spikes 0.5-1 cm. long; female glumes muticous.

. 47. C. lageniformis.

9. Flowering stems arising from the centre of the foliage leaves

and developed from the shoot upon which these are borne :

13. Stigmas 2 ; utricles and aclienes compressed-biconvex.

. 66. C. phacota.

13. Stigmas 3 ; utricles and achenes more or less trigonous :

14. Utricles 7-10.5 mm. long. 54. C. anomocarya.

14. Utricles 2-6 mm. long :

15. Stems yellowish, bearing leaves only on the upper part,

the lower being reduced to sheaths (utricles densely

whitish-setulose) . 63. C. maubertiana.

15. Stems not yellowish, bearing leaves at or near the base

of the stem :

16. Utricles pubescent :

17. Stems 30-83 cm. tall ; spikes 3-14 cm. long ; female

glumes 1-1.8 mm. long. 58. C. nemoslachys.

17. Stems 3.5-38 cm. tall ; spikes 0.4-3 cm. long ; female

glumes 2-3 mm. long :

18. Utricles ellipsoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, 2-2.75 mm.

long ; achene 1.5-1.6 mm. long.. 51. C. royleana.

18. Utricles rhomboid-lageniform, 3.5-6 mm. long ;

achene 2.25-4 m. long :

19. Leaves 3-6.25 mm. wide ; terminal spike 10-22.5

mm. long . 49. C. breviscapa.

19. Leaves 1-3 mm wide ; terminal spike 8-10 mm

long . 48. C. rhynchachaenium.

16. Utricles glabrous :

20. Leaves 2-4 mm. wide ; spikes 1-3 cm. long.

. 50. C. cambodiensis.

20. Leaves 4-11 mm. wide ; spikes 2-12 cm. long :

21. Bracts sheathing the stem ; leaves 4-8 mm. wide

. 59. C. oedorrhampha.

21. Bracts not or scarcely sheathing the stem ; leaves

6-11 mm. wide . 57. C. baviensis.

2 quater. Terminal and usually ail the other spikes androgynaeceous, i.e.

female below and male above :

22. Flowering stems arising from the axils of foliage leaves produced

on a short shoot . 45. C. cryptostachys.

22. Flowering stems developing from latéral shoots, not from those

bearing normal foliage leaves :

Source : MNHN, Paris

K. NELMES.

23. Leaves linear, 2-5 mm. wide, not petioled.. 3. C. oligostuchya.

23. Leaves elliptic to oblanceolate, 1.7-6.7 cm. wide, longlv or very

longly petioled :

24. Leaves 4-6.7 cm. wide, under-surface nerves hispidulous ; fe-

male glumcs 3.5-4.5 mm. long; utricles about 5 mm. long....

. 1. C. adrienii.

24. Leaves 1.7-5.5 cm. wide, under-surface glabrous ; female glu-

mes 2-2.5 mm. long ; utricles 2.75-3.75 mm. long. 2. C. scaposa.

22. Flowering stem arising from the centre of a tuft of cataphylls or

foliage leaves, and developed from the shoot on which these are

borne :

25. Leaves up to 3 cm. or more wide :

26. Foliage leaves ail basal, widely linear :

27. Inflorescence continuous, usually from near the base of the

stem to the apex ; stem leaves O ; bracts indistinguishable

from the 3-5 mm. long, apically rounded female glumes....

. 8. C. pandanophylla.

27. Inflorescence interrupted, at least below, situated on the

upper part of the stem ; stem leaves and bracts up to 10

cm. long, with longly acuminate apices :

28. Foliage leaves 2.5-5 cm. wide ; female glumes 5-7 mm.

long . 5. C. mapaniifolia.

28. Foliage leaves 1.2-3.6 cm. wide ; female glumes 2-4 mm.

long . 6. C. helferi.

26. Foliage leaves ail cauline, elliptic or linear-elliptic :

29. Leaves glabrous on the under-surface except at the apex,

0.5-3 cm wide . 14. C. cataphyllodes.

29. Leaves hispidulous on ail nerves on the under-surface :

30. Leaves 3-4.5 cm. wide ; female glumes ovate-lanceolate,

apex subacute, muticous or mucronate ; utricles glabrous

. 9. C. euprepes.

30. Leaves missing, bracts 2.3-3 cm. wide ; female glumes

oblong-ovate, apex rotund-obtuse, aristate ; utricles hispi¬

dulous . 10. C. tavoyensis.

25. Leaves less than 3 cm. wide :

31. Leaves ail cauline, stem naked below except for more or less

withered, persistent, elongated cataphylls round the base :

32. Leaves hispidulous on the under-surface nerves.

. 11. C. trichophylla.

32. Leaves glabrous on the under-surface nerves :

33. Spikes 10-25 mm. long, subdense-flowered ; female glumes

2.5- 3 mm. long . 12. C. atrivaginata.

33. Spikes about 5 mm. long, few-flowered ; female glumes

1.5- 2 mm. long . 13. C. laosensis.

31. Leaves basal or sub-basal and sometimes cauline :

34. Lower bracts not, or lowest one rarely, sheathing the stem :

35. Leaves 2-4.5 mm. wide ; utricles plano-convex, 2.25-2.75

mm. long, glabrous ; stigmas 2 . 67. C. thomsonii.

35. Leaves 3.5-25 mm. wide ; utricles trigonous, 4.25-5.75 mm.

long, hispidulous ; stigmas 3 :

36. Leaves 10-25 mm. wide ; spikes numerous ; lower bracts

much shorter than the inflorescence 7. C. hypotracheia.

36. Leaves 3.5-11 mm. wide ; spikes 1-4 ; lower 1-2 bracts

much exceeding the inflorescence... 22. C. tricephala.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

34. Lower and usually upper bracts sheathing, lower usually lon-

gly sheathing the stem :

37. Utricles and achenes plano-convex or biconvex ; stigmas 2:

38. Spikes single at each of 1-7 nodes ; utricles 5-7 mm.

long, glabrous . 44. C. longipes.

38. Spikes in fascicles of 1-5 at each of 3-8 nodes ; utricles

2.75-5 mm. long, sparsely whitish-setulose :

39. Beak of utricle 1.25-2 mm. long ; stigmas 7-10 mm.

long. 42. C. teinogyna.

39. Beak of utricle 0.5-1 mm. long ; stigmas up to about

as long as the utricles (2.75-4.75 mm. long).

. 43. C. brunnea.

37. Utricles and achenes more or less trigonous ; stigmas 3 :

40. Partial inflorescence at each node 1, rarely 2, unbran-

ched peduncled spike :

41. Spikes 2-6 ; female glumes hispidulous, aristate.

. 41. C. kinabaluensis.

41. Spikes 1-3 (4) ; female glumes glabrous, muticous :

42. Female part of spike 8-11 mm. thick ; female glu¬

mes 4-5 mm. long ; utricles 6-7 mm. long.

. 52. C. plerocaulos.

42. Female part of spike 2-7 mm. thick ; female glumes

2.25-3 mm. long ; utricles 3.5-6 mm. long :

43. Leaves 3-11 mm. wide ; utricles 4.25-6 mm. long

. 53. C. speciosa var. speciosa.

43. Leaves 1.5-2 mm. wide ; utricles 3.5-4 mm. long

. 53. C. speciosa var. angustifolia.

40 bis. One or more secondary panicles borne on 2, less com-

monly 3, main peduncles at each node :

44. Utricles glabrous :

45. Female glumes 1.75-3 mm. long ; utricles subinfla-

ted, plurinerved, nerves spongy-thickened.

. 30. C. cruciala.

45. Female glumes 1.5-2 mm. long ; utricles not subin-

flated, multinerved, nerves not spongv-thickened

. 32. C. filicina.

44. Utricles hispidulous :

46. Spikes 2-6 cm. long ; utricles 7.5-9 mm. long.

. 38. C. vansteenisii.

46. Spikes 0.4-4 cm. long ; utricles 2-6 mm. long :

47. Leaves 15-25 mm. wide. 20. C. setnlifolia

47. Leaves 2-17 mm. wide :

48. Spikes 1-4 cm. long. 39. C. tonkinensis.

48. Spikes 0.4-1.8 cm. long :

49. Spikes 4-10 mm. long ; utricles 2-4.25 mm.

long :

50. Leaves 7-17 mm. wide ; utricles 2-3.75 mm.

long, 1-1.5 mm. broad, beak 0.5-1 mm. long

. 28. C. condensata.

50. Leaves 2-8 (10) mm. wide ; utricles 3-4.25

mm. long, 0.8-1 mm. broad, beak 1-1.25

mm. long . 31 C. continua.

49. Spikes 10-18 mm. long ; utricles 4.75-6 mm.

long :

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

51. Leaves 4-9 mm. widc ; female glumes 3.25-

4.5 mm. long . 19. C. perakensis.

51. Leaves 9-12 mm. wide ; female glumes 5-ü

mm. long . 36. C. arridens.

40 ter. Ail secondary panicles borne on only 1 main pedun-

cle at each node :

52. Utricles wholly glabrous or margins hispidulous on

the beak :

53. Spikes 2-6 cm. long . 33. C. baccans.

53. Spikes 0.4-2.2 cm. long :

54. Leaves (2) 2.5-3.2 cm. wide (glumes pallid).

. 23. C. callista.

54. Leaves 0.5-2.5 cm. wide :

55. Leaves 2-2.5 cm. wide ; peduncles, rhachis,

awns, and utricles rufous-hispidulous .

. 15. C. balansae.

55. Leaves 0.5-2 cm. wide ; peduncles, etc. not ru¬

fous-hispidulous :

56. Female glumes hispidulous (leaves 1.2-2 cm.

wide) . 16. C. spatiosa.

56. Female glumes glabrous :

57. Spikes 10-22 mm. long, male part of spike

much longer than the female part.

. 26. C. indica.

57. Spikes 4-15 mm. long, male part of spike

about as long as to longer than the female

part :

58. Female glumes castaneous or with cas-

taneous streaks :

59. Female glumes with castaneous streaks;

utricles with spongy-thickened nerves,

beak 1-1.5 mm. long; achenes 1.5-2

mm. long . 30. C. cruciata.

59. Female glumes castaneous except the

whitish margins ; nerves of utricles

not spongy-thickened, beak 1.5-2 mm.

long ; achenes 2.25-3 mm. long.

. 27. C. dietrichiae.

58. Female glumes milky white or dirty

white :

60. Leaves 6-20 mm. wide ; spikes 5-15

mm. long ; female glumes 2-2.75 mm.

long ; utricles 4-5 mm. long.

. 24. C. stramentilia.

60. Leaves 6-8 mm. wide ; spikes 4-8 mm.

long ; female glumes 1.5-2 mm. long ;

utricles 3.75-4 mm. long .

. 17. C. plagiostoma.

52. Utricles hispidulous on at least a part of their surface

besides the margins :

61. Spikes 1-8 cm. long :

62. Leaves 5-10 mm. wide ; spikes 1-8 cm. long ;

female glumes with awns up to 1.5 mm. long...

. 34. C. myosurns.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN 1NDO-CHINA.

02. Leaves about 4 mm. wide ; spikcs 1.5-2 cm. long ;

female glumes witli awns 1.5-4.5 mm. long.

. 40. C. phyllocaula.

61. Spikes 4-17 mm. long :

63. Leaves 2-3.2 cm. wide :

64. Leaves (2) 2.5-3.2 cm. wide ; secondary panicles

2-4 ; female glumes 2-2.5 mm. long, pallid....

... 23. C. callistu.

64. Leaves 2-2.5 cm wide ; secondary panicles 5-6 ;

female glumes 2.5-4 mm. long, reddish-brown.

... 15. C. balansae.

63. Leaves 4.5-22 mm. wide :

65. Leaves 4.5-12 mm. wide :

66. Leaves 6-12 mm. wide ; female glumes 4-5.5

mm. long ; utricles 6-8 mm. long .

. 18. C. leucostachys.

66. Leaves 4.5-6 mm wide ; female glumes 2.5-3

mm. long ; utricles 3.75-4 mm. long.

. 29. C. spongocrepis.

65. Leaves 7-22 mm. wide (12-22 mm. wide except

in C. condensala, 7-17 mm. wide) :

67. Female glumes glabrous :

68. Female glumes 3-3.5 mm. long ; utricles

4.25-4.75 mm long.. 25. C. sychnostachya.

68. Female glumes 1.75-3 mm long ; utricles

2-3.75 mm long . 28. C. condensata.

67. Female glumes hispidulous :

69. Utricles 5-6 mm. long . . 16. C. spatiosa.

69. Utricles 2-4.25 mm. long :

70. Secondary panicles 3 ; utricles 3.75-4.25

mm. long . 21. C. jeanpertii.

70. Secondary panicles 2-7 ; utricles 1.75-3

mm. long . 28. C. condensata.

Subgen. 1. INDOCAREX Baill.

Key to the Sections.

Spikes unisexual ; leaves sparsely hairy on the under-surface.

. 3. Hypolytroides.

Spikes androgynaeceous ; leaves glabrous or hispidulous on the under-

surface :

Spikes 1-8 cm long. 9. Polystachyae.

Spikes 4-25 ni ni long (4-22 ni in long, except in C. atrivaginata, 10-25

mm long) :

Stems latéral ; panicles few spiked :

Leaves elliptic-oblanceolatc, 4-0.7 cm wide. . 1. Hemiscaposae.

Leaves linear, 2-5 mm wide . 2. Scabrellae.

Stems central ; panicles usually many spiked :

Leaves only on the upper part of the stem .... 5. Euprepes.

Leaves at the base and somelimes cauline :

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

Stems subscapiform ; bracts brown-spadiceous .

. 4. Mapaniifoliae.

Stems leafy below ; at least the lower bracts foliaceous :

Secondary panicles usually single ; female glumes and

utricles usually whitish to stramineous ; angles of

achenes thickened at the centre, apex sometimes dis-

coid-annulate . 6. Stramentitiae.

Secondary panicles single or binate ; female glumes and

utricles pale with reddish spots, streaks or patches,

or wholly reddish or castaneous :

Secondary panicles single or binate ; female glumes pale

with reddish or castaneous flecks or spots ; style-

base more or less thickened. 7. Cruciatae.

Secondary panicles often binate ; female glumes light

to dark reddish, fulvous or castaneous ; style-base

not or scarcely thickened . 8. Filicinae.

Sect. 1. Hemiscaposae C. B. Clarke

in Journ. Linn. Soc. 37 : 2, 4 (1904), emend. Nelmes

et Airy-Shaw in Hook., Ic. PI. t. 3434 (1943).

Subsect. Scaposae Kükenth. in Engl. Pllanzenreich, IV, 20 : 285 (1909).

Flowering stems latéral, bearing subherbaceous infundibuliform-

vaginiform bracts and leaves, especially below. Lenoes of the stérile

shoots elliptic to oblanceolate, not sheathing but very longly winged-

petiolate, nerves on the under-surface sometimes adpressed-hispidu-

lous. Panicle simple or slightly compound, branches distant, pyrami¬

dal, loose. Glumes more or less castaneous. Utricles more or less cas¬

taneous, beak not usually marginate nor twisted, smooth, straight.

Achene not discoid at the apex.

Leaves 4-6.7 cm wide, under-surface nerves hispidulous ; female

glumes 3.5-4-5 mm long ; utricles about 5 mm long.

. 1. C. adrienii.

Leaves 1.7-5.5 cm wide, under-surface glabrous ; female glumes 2-2.5

mm long ; utricles 2.75-3.75 mm long. 2. C. scaposa.

1. C. adrienii E. G. Camus.

Curer adrienii E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 :

186 (1912) ; Nelmes in Hook., Ic. PI. t. 3434 (1943), et in Kew Bull.,

1946 : 13, 22 (1946). — Based on C. scaposa var. baviensis Franch.

Carex scaposa C. B. Clarke var. baviensis Franch. in Nouv. Arch.

Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 3 sér., 8 : 255 (1896) ; C. B. Clarke, 8 ; Kükenth.,

286. Not C. baviensis Franch. — Tongking, Balansa 2815.

Tufted. Rhizome short, woody. Stems latéral, more or less erect,

subscapiform, obscurely to obtusely trigonous, 30-60 cm tall, 1-2 mm

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

thick, smooth below, hispidulous-pubescent above. Stem leaves and

bracts 7-9, evenly spaced except at the base where they are rather

crowded, vaginiform, narrowly infundibuliform, subherbaceous, ail

of similar size, passing abruptly into a short lamina, densely hispi¬

dulous-pubescent, mouth of the sheath widely ferrugineous-hyaline,

3-6 cm long. Leaves of the stérile shoots 2-3, arcuate, elliptic-oblan-

ceolate, apex longly acuminate, decurrent in an about equally long,

recurved-margined, narrowly but deeply canaliculate petiole, the

whole 53-98 cm long, blade 4-6.7 cm wide, fiat, nerves on the under-

surface shortly adpressed-hispidulous ; stérile shoot clothed at the

base with a few brownish cataphylls. Inflorescence a more or less

oblong, simple panicle, 14-39 cm long, consisting of 4-6 more or less

pyramidal branches on long or very long, slender, hispidulous

peduncles exserted frotn the bracts, each branch 4-7-spicate, single.

Spikes rather numerous, 7-13 mm long, few-flowered, subpatent in

flower, becoming patent or slightly reflexed in fruit, male part slightly

longer than the female part, which is sometimes absent. Bracteoles

glumiform, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, sparsely hispidulous,

margins ciliate-hispidulous, with hispidulous-margined awns. Female

qlumes oblong-ovate, oblong-lanceolate, or ovate-lanceolate, more or

less cymbiform, apex acute to obtuse, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm.

wide, thinly membranaceous, margins becoming erose, especially

above, hispidulous towards the margins, castaneous with a paler, red-

dish-spotted, 3-nerved, central stripe, midrib slenderlv keeled, usually

shortly and scaberulous-excurrent. Utricles ellipsoid, about 5 mm

long, 1.75-2 mm broad, multinerved, glabrous, becoming patent to

subreflexed, dull castaneous-brown, base spongv but scarcely stipitate,

subabruptly beaked ; beak subterete, 1.5-2 mm long, straight, gla¬

brous, not marginate ; mouth oblique, erose-truncate. Achene ellip¬

soid, angles prominent, faces shallowlv concave, 2.7-2.8 mm long,

1.75-2 mm broad, stramineous-brown, scarcely stipitate or beaked.

Style- base slightly thickened.

Tongking : Mt. Bavi, forests, ± 800 m., 28 Oct. 1887, Balansa 2815

(K, P) !

Laos : Wiengchan, Pak Munung, evergreen forest, ± 1200 m.,

22 April 1932, Kerr 21,201 (BM, K) !

Endémie.

Carex adrienii, though quitc an ordinary species so far as its

glumes and fruits are concerned, lias several unusual végétative cha-

racters, especially in the shape and petiolate base of the leaves, which

are wider than the leaves of any other Carex.

2. Carex scaposa C. B. Clarke.

Carex scaposa C. B. Clarke in Hook. f., Bot. Mag. t. 6940 (1887) ;

C. B. Clarke, 7 ; Kükenth., 285 ; Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 186

(1912). — China, Ford ? 14.

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

Tufted. Rhizome short, woody. Stems latéral, erect to somewhal

curvcd, subscapiform, more or less trigonous, 10-60 cm tall, 1-3 mm

thick. smooth below, hispidulous-pubescent above. Stem leaves and

bracts 3-5, evenly spaced above, including the rhachis, absent below

except for several at the base, vaginiform, narrowly infundibuliform,

brown to subherbaceous, less frequently subfoliaceous, ail of similar

size, including an acuminate or attenuate lamina, glabrescent to den-

selv hispidulous-pubescent, mouth not well-defined nor ferrugineous-

hyaline, 2-10 cm long. Leaues of the stérile shoots few, erect to

arcuate, mostly elliptic but sometimes oblanceolate, longly tapering

at each end, decurrent into an about equally long or shorter, recurved-

margined, narrowly but deeplv canaliculate petiole, the whole 15-

65 cm long, blade 1.7-5.5 cm wide, fiat, glabrous on the under-surface ;

stérile shoot clothed at the base with a few browmish cataphylls.

Inflorescence a more or less oblong, simple or siightly compound,

panicle, 5-18 cm long, consisting of 3-5 more or less pyramidal secon-

danj panicles on long to shorter, slender, glabrous to hispidulous,

peduncles exserted from the bracts, each bearing 8-rather numerous

spikes, single, lower sometimes binate. Spikes rather numerous,

6-12 mm long, few-flowered, bccoming patent, male part as long as

or shorter than the female part. Bracteoles glumiform, oblong-lanceo-

late, glabrous or glabrescent. Female glumes oblong-ovate to oblong-

lanceolate, more or less cymbiform, apex acute to obtuse, 2-2.5 mm

long. 1-1.5 mm wide, thinlv membranaceous, margins pale, erose-

ciliolate above, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous in places, wholly

reddish-castaneous to pale or Iight castaneous covered with casta-

neous llecks and lines, midrib slender, not excurrent. Utricles more

or less ellipsoid, 2.75-3.75 mm long, about 1 mm broad, nerveless to

plurinerved, glabrous, becoming patulous to subpatent, pale to light

brownish, sometimes with castaneous spots and flecks above, some¬

times becoming wholly brownish, base spongy but scarcely stipitate,

subgradually to subabruptly beaked ; beak compressed-terete, scar¬

cely to gradually tapering, 1-1.75 mm long, straight or siightly curved,

glabrous, narrowly inarginate below ; mouth oblique, erose-truncate.

Achene ovate, sometimes elliptic-ovale, angles prominent, pale, 1.8-

2 mm long, about 1 mm broad, becoming dark brown, scarcely or very

shortly stipitate and beaked. Style-buse scarcely or siightly thickened.

Tongking : Mt. Bavi, forests, Balansa ; Massif of Nan Son, Jan.

1925, Petelot 1753 (P) ! ; « Coupe d’amélioration 1929 », ± 1500 m, Aug.

1929, Petelot 3579 (P)! ; Massif of Tam Dao, ± 1000 m., Nov. 1930,

Petelot sine num. (P.) !

Annam : Prov. of Kontum ; Nui Dai Ding, near Dak Gley, granitic

soil, primitive forest, 1200 m., 18 Jan. 1947, Poilane 32778 (P) !

China.

I hâve not seen the Balansa specimen, which is the one cited by

E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Flore Général de l’Indo-Chine.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IX INDO-CHINA.

This species with its elliptic leaves and reddish spikes, was first

found by the Kew collector Ford, whose plants were grown in Kew

greenhouses and figurcd in the Botanical Magazine.

Sect. 2. Scabrellae Kükenth.

in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 286 (1909).

Stems latéral. Inflorescence consisting of 6-12 single or binate

secondary panicles, each secondarv panicle consisting of 1-4 (5)

peduncled spikes. Bracts short, sheaths ampliate. Femalc glumes

usually sparsely hispidulous above, with nerves often reddish.

Utricles subinflated, glabrous or hispidulous, greenish to reddish-

brown. Achene obovoid. Style-hase not thickened.

Onlv Indo-Chinese species . . 8. C. oligostnchyo Nees ex Hook.

3. Carex oligostachya Nees ex Hook.

Carex oligostachya Nees ex Hook. in Kew Jonrn. Bot. 6 : 29

(1854) ; Nelmes, 244. — Philippine Islands, Cnming 1795.

Carex rhizomatosa Steud., Syn. PI. Glum. II, Cvper., 206 (1855) ;

C. B. Clarke, 12 ; Kükenth., 289 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén.

Indo-Chine, 7 : 193 (1922). — Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumbawa, Zol-

linger 3447.

Tufted. Rhizome shortly creeping, sheathing-scaly. Stems erect or

suberect, subscapiform, bearing a few, short-bladed leaves, evenly

spaced or only subbasal, 20-88 cm tall, 0.75-2 mm thick, smooth,

including the rhachis, except the sometimes sparsely hispidulous

apical angles, base clothed with a mass of brown or purplish-brown

to fuscous fibrous remains of withered leaf-sheaths. Leaves of the

stérile shoots few, much shorter than the flowering stems, 2-5 mm

wide, liât or flattish, margins sometimes slightly revolute, upper sur¬

face sometimes scaberulous above, apex shortly attenuated. Inflo¬

rescence a simple, interrupted panicle 9-47 cm long ; secondary

panicles erect, lower single, upper unequally binate, rarely ternate,

oblong, ovoid, or subglobose, upper contiguous to subapproximate,

lower distant to remote, upper on scarcely to shortly, lower on longly

to very longly, exserted peduncles ; peduncles obscurely angled or

compressed, very slender, smooth, scarberulous on the angles up

through the rhachis. Bracts foliaceous, lower usually shorter than

their peduncled panicles, longly sheathing, upper reduced, usually

exceeding their panicles, sometimes slightly exceeding the stem, ail

shortly sheathing ; sheaths membranous and often reddish near the

mouth. Spikes ovoid, ellipsoid, or shortly cylindric, 4-10 mm long,

subdense-flowered, latéral becoming patulous to subpatent, sessile,

male and female parts about equal in length, or male shorter. Brac-

teoles indistinguishable from the glumes. Female glumes ovate to

ovate - oblong - lanceolate, flattish - cymbiforin, apex obtuse to very

obtuse, rarely subacute, 2-3 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, pale brownish,

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

often with reddish spots, streaks, and patches, narrowly to very

widely whitish-hyaline margined, nervose, midrib coalescing above

with 2 adjacent nerves and usually excurrent in a minutely hispi-

dulous awn up to 1 mm long. Ulricles ellipsoid, obtusely to obscurely

trigonous, 2.5-4 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, multinerved, narrowly mar¬

ginale, glabrous, or sparsely hispidulous above, becoming subpatent

to patent, base spongy but scarcely stipitate, subgraduplly to sub-

abruptly beaked ; beak subconic or compressed-conic, 0.75-1 mm long,

marginate below, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous-margined, straight,

bidentulate ; mouth slightly oblique ; teeth about 0.25 mm long,

straight, often becoming erose. Achene angles prominent, faces sub¬

concave, 2-2.25 mm long, about 1 mm broad, cinereous or yellow-

brown, soinetimes blackish above, very shortlv stipitate and beaked.

Tongking : Hanoi, Lat-son, Bon 3106 ; « Tonkin », Balansa 220 ;

near the village of Tchan-tiao, Pho-cam, at the foot of Mt. Bavi,

grassy hills, 24 July 1886, Balansa 2824 (K) !

India, Upper Burma, Malaysia, Solomon Islands.

Sect. 3. Hypolytroides Nelmes

in Kew Bull. 1951 : 121 (1951).

Stems often extremely tall, nodose. Leaves regularly situated

throughout the stem, not crowded at the base, under-surface sparsely

hairy. Spikes unisexual, those of the lower panicles mostly female

(usually 2 male), those of the uppermost panicle soinetimes ail male.

Utricles small, becoming patent, reddish, abruptly small-beaked.

Only Indo-Chinese species . 4. C. hypolytroides.

4. Carex hypolytroides Ridley.

Carex hypolytroides Ridley in Journ. F.M.S. Mus. 8, Pt. IV, Bot.,

124 (1917) ; Nelmes, 246. — Sumatra, Robinson & Kloss 55.

Carex hypolytroides Gross et Mattf. (pro. sp. nov.) in Notizbl. Bot.

Gart. Berl., 14 : 190 (1938). — Tongking, Petelot 3174.

Tufted. Rhizome woody. Stems subacutelv trigonous, 100-240 cm

tall, 3-5 mm thick, smooth and glabrous below the rhachis, pale

yellowish, surrounded at the base by very few, small, reddish-brown

cataphylls or leafless-sheaths. Leaves shorter than the stem, 4-8.5 mm

wide, flattish, margins revolute ; sheaths glabrous and often dark

reddish-brown below, especially near the nodes, hairy above, mem-

branous and often ferrugineous in front, mouth concave ; ligular zone

rather long, ferrugineous, produced into a hairy ligule. Inflorescence

a compound, rather slender, interrupted panicle, occupying the upper

25-40 cm of the stem ; secondary panicles 6-8, erect or suberect, single

or lowest soinetimes binate, corymbose, upper approximate lower

distant from one anolher, 2-3 cm long, 3-5 cm broad, rather lax, ail

on rather slender exserted peduncles, lower or nearly ail branches

Source : MNHN, Paris

THF. GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

branchée! again into 2-7 simple spikes, upper branches simple spikes,

patulous to patent ; peduncles wirv, more or less trigonous, hairy.

Rhachis covered with long, whitish subadpressed hairs. Bracts folia-

eeous but upper reduced though slightly exceeding the stem, lower

falling short of it, upper shortly lower longly or very longly sheathing;

sheaths similar to the leaf-sheaths. Spikes unisexual, female nume-

rous, 10-20 on each secondary panicle, shortly cylindric, on short,

straight to curved, very slender pedicels, dense-flowered, 5-8 mm long,

3.5-4.5 mm thick, male spikes few, 2 (rarely 1), situated opposite

each other, just below the base of the terminal female of each branch

of each secondary panicle, sessile, patent, rather few-flowered, ellip-

soid, about 4 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm thick. Bracteoles glumiform,

longly to shortly aristate. Cladoprophijlls multinerved, hairy, upper

margin narrowly whitish-erose, 2-6 mm long. Female glumes ovate-

lanceolate, deeply cymbiform, apex acute or subacute, 2-2.75 mm long,

1-1.5 mm wide, pale-subadpressed-hispidulous, slenderly nervose,

reddish, base often paler, margin irregularly whitish-hyaline, erose,

midrib shortly excurrent. Ulricles obovoid, angles obtuse, prominent,

faces flattish above, shallowly concave below, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.1

mm broad, glabrous, straight, dorsallv dull blackish-red and papillose

above, dull reddish below, ventrally pale but densely glandular-spotted,

dorsally sometimes nerveless but usually 3-5 nerved above, ventrally

nerveless or slenderly about 2-nerved above, tapering below to a

spongy-thickened base, apex abruptly bcaked ; beak conic, bidentu-

late or very shortly bilobed ; mouth very small, not or scarcely obli¬

que ; teeth with membranous apices which become erose and sub-

entire. Achene obovoid to subglobose but tapering below, angles pro¬

minent, faces concave below, 1.2-1.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm broad,

brown overlaid whitish-papillose, base often slightly bent, not stipitate,

apex rounded, erostrate. Style very short, base thickened.

Tongking : Chapa ; track on the ridge of Lo Tui Ho, about

1800 m., in forest, Sept. 1927, Petelot 3174 (B) !

Annam : Prov. of Kontum, Massif of Ngok Pan, primitive forest,

granitic soil, 2200 m„ 16 Dec. 1946, Poilane 35,856 (P) ! This Annam

plant is very immature but seems more likely to be C. hypolytroides

than the Chinese C. moupinensis Franch., the only other member of

the section.

Sumatra.

A note on this remarkable sedge in my révision of the Malaysian

Carices remarked on its Sc/eria-like stem. In its corymbiform panicles

it strikingly recalls another Cyperaceous genus - Hypolytrum. This

resemblance not only inlluenced Ridley in choosing its epithet, but

also Gross and Mattfeld who, more than twenty years later, described

Petelot’s gathering as a new species under the same epithet, apparently

in ignorance of Ridley’s publication.

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

Sect. 4. Mapaniifoliae Nelmes et Airy-Shaw

in Hook., Ic. PI. 35 : tab. 3434 (1943).

Stems central, subscapiform, usually bearing spadiceous bracts

in place of foliage leaves, which loosely surround the base of the stem,

the whole surrounded by withered cataphylls. Leaves conduplicate-

petiolate below, blade wide to very wide (up to 5 cm). Secondarg

panicles contracted and dense. Female glumes acute to very obtuse

or truncate-bilobed at the apex, whitish to brown. Utricles with a more

or less globose apex ; beak very long.

Inflorescence continuous, usually from near the base of the stem to

the apex ; stem leaves 0 ; bracts indistinguishable from the

3.5 mm long, apicallv rounded glumes. ... 8. C. pandanophijlla.

Inflorescence interrupted, at least below, situated on the upper part

of the stem ; stem leaves and bracts up to 10 cm long with

longly acuminate apices :

Foliage leaves bristly on the under-surface, 1-2.5 cm wide ; secon-

dary panicles sessile ; female glumes 2.25-3 mm long, apex

acute to very obtuse . 7. C. hgpotracheia.

Foliage leaves glabrous on the under-surface, 1.2-5 cm wide ;

secondary panicles, or at least the lowest, on long or very long

peduncles ; apex of female glumes obtuse to bilobed-emar-

ginate :

Foliage leaves 2.5-5 cm wide ; female glumes 5-7 mm long.

. 5. C. mapaniifolia.

Foliage leaves 1.2-3.6 cm wide ; female glumes 2-4 mm long.

. 6. C. helferi.

It inay be noted that the leaves in this Section, though sometimes

very wide, are never elliptic or oblanceolate as are tbose of sorne

members of the other wide-leaved sections, Sect. Hemiscaposae and

Euprepes.

5. Caiex mapaniUolia Ridley.

Carex mapaniifolia Ridley in Journ. F.M.S. Mus. 10: 124-5 (1920) ;

Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 6, 22 (1946). — Thailand. Tasan,

Kloss 7012.

Tufted. Stems erect, central, trigonous, 30-40 cm tall, 2-2.5 mm

thick below, smooth, base clothed with mostly long, palish to dark

brown, tubular sheaths and short acuminate blades, 4-10 cm long,

mostly covering the stem, merging above into bracts, smooth below,

often adpressed-hispidulous above, especially on the margins and

towards the apices, light brown to blackish nervose. Foliage leaves

4-6, loosely surrounding and scarcely sheathing the base of the stem,

40-120 cm long, 2.5-5 cm wide, conduplicate-petiolate below, gradually

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAR EX IN INDO-CHINA.

widening upwards into a linear hlade, acuminate, apex acute or sub-

acute, more or less arcuate, septate-nodulose, surrounded at the base

by brown withered cataphylls, 4-20 cm long. Inflorescence immature,

a compound panicle, dense, continuons above, interrupted below,

6-17 cm long, 8-20 mm thick ; secondnrij panicles 5-10, upper conti-

guous, lower contiguous to distant, contracted and very dense, upper

sessile or subsessile, lower on shortly to rather longly exserted

peduncles, lower branches extremely short, probably again branched

into several simple sessile spikes, upper branches simple spikes ;

peduncles subterete to trigonous, angles smooth or scaberulous, faces

often setulose above, otherwise smooth. Brods as stem leaves but

upper shorter, especially the sheaths. Spikes androgynaeceous, nar-

row’ly ellipsoid to subconic, suberect, densely aggregated. Bracteoles

glumiform, longly awned. Female glumes ovate-elliptic or oblong-

lanceolate, cymbiform, apex obtuse or very obtuse and often bilobed-

emarginate, lobes becoming erose-acute, 5-7 mm long, 2-3 mm wide,

usually subadpressed-pubescent towards the apex, whitish but with

numerous strong castaneous nerves in the centre, upper margins

becoming erose, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves coalescing upwards and

excurrent in a hispidulous awn about 1 mm long. Utricles very imma¬

ture, 4-5 mm long, with long teeth or lobes at the apex and a hispi¬

dulous inargin.

Thailand : Pen. Thailand ; Tasan, Kloss 6881, 7012 (K) ! ;

Langsuan, Ban Krayae, c. 200 m, in evergreen forest, 19 Feb. 1927,

Kerr 12,012 (K) ! ; Surat ; Sawng Pi Nawng, c. 100 m, in bamboo

forest, 21 March 1927, Kerr 12,400 (K) !

Endémie.

6. Cenex helferi Boeck.

Carex helferi Boeck. in Linnaea, 40 : 365 (1876) ; Kükenth., 286 ;

Nelmes, 248. — Lower Burma, Helfer 6111/2.

Tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect to subeurved, central, 20-40 cm

tall, 1-2 mm thick below, angles smooth to scaberulous, faces gla-

brous to minutely setose, base clothed with several brown to fuscous,

short-bladed, sheathing bract-like leaves, 5-10 cm long, these sur¬

rounded by 2-6 foliage leaves, around the base of which are spadiceous

to pale, withered, brownish to blackish-ncrved, cataphylls or their

fibrous remains, very short to 16 cm long. Foliage leaves much longer

than the stems, 1.2-3.6 cm wide, conduplicate-petiolate below, gra-

dually widening upwards into a fiat, linear blade, oblique to arcuate,

longly acuminate, apex acute to obtuse, upper surface sometimes

sparsely covered above with pale, adpressed, minute bristles, septate-

nodulose, scarcelv to shortly sheathing. Inflorescence a compound,

interrupted panicle, 8-22 cm long ; secondarg panicles 3-6, single,

more or less oblong-ovoid, erect to patulous, 2-3.5 cm long, 1.25-2.5 cm

Mémoires du Muséum. — Botanique, t. IV. 8

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

100

broad, upper subapproximate to rather distant, lower distant or very

distant, from one another, contracted and very dense, upper on shortly

to rather longly, lower on longly to very longly, exserted peduncles,

lower branches extreinely short, probably again branched into several

sessile, simple spikes, upper branches simple spikes ; peduncles sub-

terete to trigonous, angles smooth or scaberulous, faces often setulose

above, otherwise smooth. Rhachis of the secondary panicles hispi-

dulous on the angles, which are acute. Bracts not foliaceous but light

brown or spadiceous, usually as long as the peduncles, none exceeding

their panicles, blades short, subadpressed-setulose or paleaceous on

the back except at the base, acuminate, apex acute, conduplicate to

flattish, uppermost shortly remainder longly sheathing ; sheaths

ampliate, mouth deeply concave, often lighter in colour at the node.

Spikes androgynaeceous (some terminal ones possibly male) more or

less oblong, becoming ovoid, 6-10 mm long, patulous to patent, densely

crowded, male part usually much longer and later more slender than

the few'-flowered female part, which becomes 5-8 mm or more thick.

Bracteoles almost indislinguishable from the glumes. Female glumes

oblong or ovate-oblong, shallowly cymbiform, apex obtuse to truncate-

bilobed, 2-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, margins widely whitish-hyaline,

becoming erose, otherwise nervose, glabrous or scurfy-hispidulous,

pale brown to whitish, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves converging

upwards and excurrent in a wide, hispidulous-margined, sometimes

curved or flexuous awn, 1-3.75 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid, angles

very prominent, obtuse, faces shallowly concave, 6-7 mm long, 1.5-

1.8 mm broad, strongly multinerved, marginate, glabrous below, hispi-

dulous or paleaceous above, patulous, stramineous, becoming brown,

contracted below into a short, stout stipe, abruptly contracted above

into a subglobose apex, 0.5 mm or more in diameter, then subabruptly

beaked ; beak oblong, compressed, 3-3.5 mm long, scarcely to narrowly

marginate, hispidulous, curved, sometimes twisted, whitish, becoming

brownish ; mouth extremely dorsally oblique. Achene ellipsoid to

obovoid-ellipsoid, angles prominent, faces shallowly concave, about

2.75 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm broad, becoming dark brown, angles paler,

abruptly scarcely to very shortly and stoutly stipitate, tapering above,

apex rounded, abruptly scarcely to very shortly beaked. Style- base

pyramidally thickened, forming a dise, about 0.5 mm in diameter.

Lowek Burma : Tenasserim ; 7 March 1838, Helfer (Kew distrib.)

6111/2 (K) ! ; Mergui, Maran, Maliwun, 60 m, 16 April 1928, Sukoe

7743 (K) !

Thailand : Pen. Thailand ; Pang-nga, Kao Bangto, 24 Feb. 1929,

Kerr 17,227 (BM, K) !

Sumatra, Bornéo.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

101

7. Carex hypotracheia Nelmes.

Carex hypotracheia Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1949 : 39 (1949). —

Thailand. Wichian 591.

Densely tufted. Stems suberect, slightly flexuous, central, 35-55 cm

tall, 2 mm thick below, smooth below the rhachis, stramineous-brown,

a few, small, setaceous, membranous, sheathing leaves near the base,

surrounded by 3-6 basallv membranous-margined but non-sheathing

foliage leaves, the whole surrounded at the base by withered elongated

cataphylls, entire, becoining fibrous. Foliage leaves much longer than

the stems, 1-2.5 cm wide, erect or suberect, linear-elliptic, fiat to sub-

plicate, smooth below, upper surface setulose above, under-surface

above or wholly covered with bristles, septate-nodulose in places on

the upper surface, longly acuminate above, narrowed below into a

long, tightly conduplicate, pallid, petiolar basal part. Inflorescence a

slender panicle, 9.5-17.5 cm long ; secondary panicles 8-12, subglobose,

ovoid or ovoid-cylindric to oblong-cylindric, 1-4.5 cm long, 8-15 mm

thick, lower approximate or contiguous, upper contiguous to crowded,

sessile, cream colourcd in life, light-brown when dried, each composed

of 2-9 globose, dense, sessile, capitate branches, each of which bears

several densely crowded simple spikes. Bract of the lowest panicle

subherbaceous, shorter or much shorter than the main inflorescence,

remaining bracts glumiform, aristate, upper ones much reduced, ail

inconspicuous, none sheathing. Spikes androgynaeceous (some termi¬

nal ones male), about 5 mm long, spreading, sessile, female part few-

flowered, rather shorter than the male part. Bracteoles glumiform

but much smaller than the glumes, often hispidulous with long hispi-

dulous-margined awns. Female glumes narrowly oblong, ovate, ovate-

lanceolate, or oblong-lanceolate, few lower sometimes smaller and

stérile, cymbiform, apex acute to very obtuse, 2.25-3 mm long, 0.75-

1.5 mm wide, strongly nervose, sometimes minutely scurfy-hispi-

dulous, pallid to slramineous, becoming light brown, apex sometimes

erose-ciliolate, midrib coalescing with 2 adjacent nerves at the apex

and excurrent in a smooth to hispidulous-margined awn 0.25-1 mm

long. Utricles ellipsoid or rhomboid, angles prominent, faces shallowly

concave, 4.25-4.75 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm broad, nearly nerveless or

slenderly few-nerved, glabrous below, hispidulous above at the apex,

narrowly marginate, subpatulous, straight, not or shortly stipitate,

subgradually to subabruptly contracted above into a beak ; beak

slightly tapering, compressed above, base slightly inflated, 2-2.25 mm

long, scarcely to narrowly marginate, hispidulous-margined, pale,

bidentate ; mouth dorsally oblique. Achene rhomboid-ellipsoid but

tapering below, angles prominent, inedianly thickened, faces shallowly

concave, about 2.25 mm long, 1.2-1.3 mm broad, dark reddish-brown,

scarcely to very shortly pale-stipitate ; beak or apical neck stout,

conic-cylindric, 0.2-0.25 mm long. Style-hase scarcely to slightly

thickened.

Source : MNHN, Paris

102

E. NELMES.

Thailan» : S.W. Thailand ; Kanburi, Wangka, by stream in

bamboo foresl, c. 200 ni, 10 Feb. 1926, Kerr 10,488 (K) ! ; near Neeckey

and Wangka, deep in valley, in damp sandy loam, 150 m, 16 May 1946,

Wichian (Ivwaé Noi River Basin Exp. 1946, No. 591) (K, L) !

Endémie.

For a number of years I knew Ihis only through Kerr’s immature

gathering wliich could be recognised as new but not in a fit state to

publish. Patience was at last rewarded in the 1946 fruiting specimen

of Wichian. It is a remarkable reduced Indocarex with densely con-

tracted panicles.

8. Carex pandanophylla C. B. Clarke.

Carex pandanophylla C. B. Clarke in Hook. f„ Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 715

(1894). — Lower Burma, Kurz 2704.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome very short. Siems central, scarcely to

verv little developed below the inflorescence and hidden among the

leaf-bases, surrounded, below and outside the leaves, by a few wide,

membranous, apically attenuated, brownish cataphvlls. Leaves basal,

slightly to very much longer than the inflorescence, 2.5-4 cm wide,

fiat or flattish, often curved, tapering below into a short, pseudo-

petiolate base, wliich is often conduplicate and curved, septate-

nodulose, apex acuminate to attenuated, with margins at the brown

membranous base but not sheathing. Inflorescence (immature) a

narrow, contracted, compound panicle, oblong, straight to curved,

occupying almost or quite the whole stem, 12-24 cm long ; secondary

panicles 6-10, lower elongated, 2-6 cm long, bearing about 2-6 subglo-

bose heads of sessile spikes, upper forming subglose heads of sessile

spikes, 1-1.5 cm in diameter. Rhachis of the primary and secondary

panicles scabro-hispidulous ; main rhachis trigonous, 2-3 mm thick

below, rigid, straight to curved. Bracts glumiform, short, wide, midrib

not excurrent. Spikes (immature), ? androgynaeceous, 6-8 mm long,

lanceolate-cylindric, dense-flowered, stellately spreading, male and

female parts too immature to be distinguished. Bracteoles glumiform,

small, midrib excurrent in a long to very long, sometimes curved or

flexuous, hispidulous-inargined awn. Female glumes (immature),

oblong, deeply cymbiform, apex usuallv rounded, sometimes subtrun-

cate or slightly bilobed-einarginate, 3-5 mm long, 1.4-1.8 mm wide,

subadpressed and pale scurfy-hispidulous, brownish, darker brown

near the widely whitish-hyaline erose apex, strongly nervosc, midrib,

from below the apex on the back, excurrent in a straight or curved

hispidulous margined awn, 1-2.5 mm long. Utricles undeveloped.

Lowek Burma : Pegu Yomah ; east and west slopes, Choungme-

nah Choung, [received at Kew in 1872], Kurz 2704 (K) !

Endémie.

Because the only specimens known to him were immature, and

appeared to be such a queer plant, C.B. Clarke published this species

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAR EX IN INDO-CHINA.

103

with a question mark against it. 1, too, hâve never seen it in fruit,

but there is a picture of what purports to be this species, fruiting, in

Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1 : 293, fig. 20 (1910). This figure is, to me, verv

doubtfully Carex pandanophijlla though it does represent a species of

Indocarex allied to C. indica L.

Sect. 5. Euprepes Nelmes et Airy-Shaw in Hook.,

Ic. PI. t. 3433 (1943).

Flowering stems central, bearing leaves onlv on the upper part,

below the inflorescence, naked below except for withered persistent

elongated cataphylls round the base. Leaves elliptic or linear-elliptic,

longly sheathing the stem, usually shortly subpetioled, nerved on the

under-surface, sometimes adpressed-hispidulous. Panicle compound

or simple ; secondary panicles more or less oblong. Cladoprophijlls

sometimes bilobed, vestigial in C. euprepes. (Humes whitish to brow-

nish. Utricle whitish to reddish-brown, beak flattish, often twisted,

margins hispidulous. Achene discoid at the apex, or style- base discoid

annulate.

Leaves hispidulous on the under-surface nerves :

Leaves 1.2-2 cm wide ; utricles 6-6.5 mm long, beak 3-4 mm. long

. 11. C. tricophylla.

Leaves 2.3-4.5 cm wide ; utricles 4-5 mm long ; beak 1.5-2 mm long:

Leaves 3-4.5 cm wide ; utricles glabrous except the hispidulous

margins . 9. C. euprepes.

Leaves 2.3-3 cm wide ; utricles denselv hispidulous except the

glabrous base . 10. C. tavoyensis.

Leaves glabrous on the under-surface nerves :

Spikes about 5 mm long, few-flowered ; glumes 1.5-2 mm long.. .

.. 13. C. laosensis.

Spikes 8-25 mm long, subdense-flowered ; glumes 2.5-3 mm long :

Bracts sheathing ; spikes 10-25 mm long ; feinale glumes ovate,

apex acute or subacute. 12. C. atrivaginata.

Bracts not sheathing ; spikes 8-15 mm long ; feinale glumes

oblong, apex rounded . 14. C. cataphyllodes.

This is a inost remarkable group with central stems and more

or less elliptic foliage leaves borne only on the upper part of the stem,

the base of which is clothed with quickly wilhering cataphylls. Every

one of the six species has a very restricted endemic distribution in

one or another of the countries of Indo-China including Lower Burma.

Note the striking similarities and contrasls between a représentative

species of this Section, C. euprepes Nelmes, and C. adrienii E. G.

Camus, which belongs to that other striking section, Sect. Hemisca-

posae. Each has non-linear leaves, the under-surface nerves of which

are beset with bristles, but while one has central flowering stems

bearing leaves only above, the other bears its leaves on short shoots,

which are latéral to the flowering stems.

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

104

9. Caiex eupiepes Nelmes.

Carex euprepes Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1939 : 305 (1939) et 1946 :

13, 23 (1946) et in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 3433 (1943). — Laos, Kerr 20, 927.

Rhizome short. Stem erect, prominently but obtusely trigonous,

sides concave, about 70 cm tall, about 3 mm thick below, rigid, smooth,

ribbed and striate, naked in the lower third except at the base, which

is clothed with membranous, sparsely pubescent, withered leafless or

short-bladed sheaths up to 10 cm long. Leaves 4-6, situated in the

upper two-thirds of the stem, sometimes crowded, patulous, elliptic,

base shortly subpetiolate, apex acuminate and acute, 17-24 cm long,

upper 1-4 exceeding the stem, 3-4.5 cm Avide, fiat, upper 1-2 strictly

bracts, adpressed-hispidulous on ail under-surface nerves, sheathing ;

sheaths costate, glabrescent below, hispidulous above, a membranous

brown appendage at the mouth. Inflorescence an erect, rather slen-

der, coinpound panicle, 10-15 cm long ; secondarij panicles few, sube-

rect, more or less oblong, bracteate, lower subfastigiate on scarcely

exserted peduncles. Rhachis angles glabrous to sparsely hispidulous.

Spikes 8-10 mm long, few-flowered, divaricate, male and female parts

about equal in length. Bracts mostlv much smaller than the leaves,

lower foliaceous, subfoliaceous or subherbaceous, upper glumiform,

longly aristate, mostly shorter than their secondary panicles, shea¬

thing. Bracteoles glumiform, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse, apex

sometimes notched, sparsely hispidulous, margins whitish-hyaline,

with an hispidulous-margined awn. Cladoprophylls vestigial, ligulate,

ciliate, about 1 mm long. Female plumes ovate or ovate-lanceolate,

cymbiform, apex subacute, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, glabrous,

nervose, whitish-stramineous or brownish-white, erose midrib often

shortly excurrent. Utricles ellipsoid, 4-4.5 mm long, 1.25-1.75 mm

broad, multinervose, narrowly marginate above, glabrous, margins

hispidulous, divaricate, pale greenish-brown or brightly stramineous,

verv shortly stipitate, apex subabruptly beaked ; beak flattish, 1.5-2

mm long, marginate, hispidulous-margined, bent at the base, often

slightly twisted, bidentate ; mouth oblique ; teeth lobe-like, straight.

Achene rhomboid-ellipsoid, faces shallowly concave, especially be¬

low, 2.25-2.5 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad, golden or rich brown, very

shortly stipitate, abruptly constricted just below a discoid-annulate

apex. Style- base thickened.

Laos : Tawieng, Chiengkwang, in evergreen forest, c. 900 m., 6

April 1932, Kerr 20, 927 (BM, K, P) !

10. Carex tavoyensis Nelmes.

Carex tavoyensis Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1948 : 67 (1948). — Burma,

Russell (Bot. Surv. Ind. Field No. 1935).

Rhizome, stem (except the rhachis ), and leaves unknown. Rha¬

chis flexuous, hard, rigid, angles prominent, obtuse to subacute, some¬

times slightly twisted, 2-2.5 mm thick below, lower part of internodes

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENES CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

105

smooth, upper part subadpresscd-hispidulous. Bracts foliaceous, pro-

bably ncarly as large as the missing leaves, linear-elliptic, ail except

the much smallcr uppermost similar in size, 25-28 cm long, 2.3-3 cm

wide, ail far exceeding the stem, fiat, under-surface sparsely cove-

red with minute bristles, subadpressed from both sides of every ner-

ve, tapering below to a scarcely petiolar base, and above to an acute

or subacute apex, sheathing ; sheaths loose but subrigid with a brown

membranous erose-margined apical collar, usuallv minutely scurfy-

hispidulous in front above, otherwise glabrous. Inflorescence a com-

pound, interrupted, narrowly oblong panicle, 15-25 cm long ; secon-

dnrij panicles 3-5, 2.5-9 cm apart, mostly erect, single, more or less

oblong-pyramidal, rather dense, 2-4.5 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm broad, lo-

wer on rather shortly upper on shortly or very shortly exserted

peduncles, lower branches again branched into 2-7 simple spikes,

upper branches simple spikes ; peduncles firm, glabrous or scaberu-

lous. Rhachis of the secondary panicles with acute hispidulous an¬

gles, and often hispidulous on the sides. Spikes 5-9 mm long, patu-

lous to patent, female part few-flowered, male part dense-flowered.

Bracteoles glumiform, small, aristate ; awn flexuous or curved, 3 cm

or more long, hispidulous-margined, apex bilobed. Female glumes

oblong-ovate, flattish to cymbiform, apex obtuse to rounded and cilio-

late, 2-2.5 mm long, about 1 mm wide, glabrous, very slenderly ner-

vose, light castaneous, margins palish, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves

coalescing above to form a stoutish, hispidulous-margined awn, from

below the apex, 0.5-2 mm long, straight to somewhat curved. Utricles

(not fully developed) ellipsoid of obovoid-ellipsoid, tapering to each

end, but especially below r , angles obtuse, 4-5 mm long, about 1 mm

broad, multinerved, base glabrous, otherwise pale subadpressed-hispi-

dulous, becoming patulous, dark reddish-brown below, paler above,

not or scarcely stipitate, subabruptly beaked; beak scarcely tapering,

l. 5-2 mm long, multinerved, marginate, hispidulous-margined, sides

glabrous, straight or straightish, pale, bidentulate ; mouth somewhat

oblique ; teeth lobe-like, hyaline-tipped. Achene (not fully developed)

ellipsoid, about 2.3 mm long, less than 1 mm broad, light brown, not

stipitate, apex truncate and slightlv thickened, forming a shortly cy-

lindric beak. Style- base slightly thickened.

Lower Burma : Tavoy ; Heinzi Choung, No. 1 Camp, 520 m, 3

April 1921, P. T. Russe! (Bot. Surv. Ind. Field No. 1935) (K) !

The following imperfect, immature spécimens either belong here

or are allied undescribed species.

Lower Burma : Tavoy; Valley of the Kyong Pyn Chaung, 150

m, 29 Jan. 1919, Gage 16 (K)! ; Headwaters of the Sedi Chang, 13 Sept.

1920, Russell 1844 (K) !

The first mentioned has narrower bracts, and the second wider

bracts and longer spikes than those of the type.

Source : MNHN, Paris

106

E. NELMES.

11. Carex trichophylla Nelines.

Carex trichophylla Nelmes, sp. nov.; affinis C. tavoyensi Nelmes,

sed foliis angustioribus, utriculis majoribus rosi ris longioribus praeci-

pue differt.- Tongking, Petelot 5325.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short. Stem erect, angles obtuse, sides

concave, 45-65 cm tall, rigid, glabrous below, increasingly hispidulous

upwards above ; naked in the lower 8-15 cm except the base, which

is clothed with sparsely pubescent, withered, short-bladed cataphylls

up to 10 cm long. Leaoes up to 6 or more, more or less evenly spaced

throughout mucb of the stem, subercct to patulous, scarcely petiolate

at the base, elliptic but apex attenuated, 12-18 cm long, none, or upper

much, exceeding the stem, 12-20 mm wide, fiat, upper 1-2 sometimes

subtending depauperate secondary panicles, sparsely adpressed hispi-

dulous-villous on the under-surface nerves, margins often hispidu-

lous-ciliate, sheathing ; shealhs costate, lower glabrous, upper sparse¬

ly hispidulous-villous, a membranous, brown appendage at the mouth.

Inflorescence depauperate and damaged, but apparently an erect, very

slender, subsimple panicle very short or up to 15 cm long ; secon¬

dary panicles few, suberect, bracteate, upper subapproximate, lower

more distantly spaced, on 1-2 more or less exserted peduncles. Rha-

chis hispidulous-villous. Spikes 7-10 mm long, few-flowered, male

part longer than the female. Bracls mostly much smaller than the

leaves, lower sometimes foliaceous, otherwise subherbaceous, mostly

longer than their secondary panicles, sheathing. Bracteoles glumi-

form. Female glumes oblong-lanceolate, deeplv cymbiform, apex acute

or subacute, 3-4 mm long, about 2 mm wide, glabrous, nervose,

brownish, midrib sometimes shortly excurrent. Utricles obovoid or

ellipsoid-obovoid, 6-6.5 mm long (utricle proper 2.5-3 mm long, beak

3-4 mm long), 1.5-1.6 mm broad, multinerved, scarcely marginate,

glabrous below, adpressed-hispid above, becoming patulous and brow¬

nish, not or scarcely stipitate, subabruptly beaked; beak somewhat

inflated at the base, otherwise slender and not tapering, compressed,

3-4 mm long, scarcely marginate, glabrous or nearly so, straightish,

shortly bilobed ; mouth very oblique ; lobes straighl. Achene obovoid,

faces flattish above, shallowly concave below, 2.25-2.5 mm long, 1.25-

1.5 mm broad, olivaceous with brown angles, very shortly stipitate,

abruptly very shortly beaked. Style long, base pyramidallv thickened,

slightlÿ discoid-annulate.

Tongking : Chapa, 1800 ni., July 1930, Petelot 5325 (P) !

12. Carex atrivaginata Nelmes.

Carex atrivaginata Nelmes, sp. nov. ; affinis C. tricophyllac Nel¬

mes, sed foliis angustioribus dorso nervis glabris, spicis longioribus,

glumis femineis brevioribus praecipue differt. Tongking, Petelot 3179.

Rhizome elongate, scarcely creeping, clothed with fuscous-spa-

diceous, sheathing scales. Stem erect, obtusely but distinctly trigo-

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GEN US CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

Î07

iious, lia cm tall, 3 mm thick below, rigid, sinooth, naked in the lower

7-8 cm except at the base, which is clothed with a few thickish, mi-

nutely scabrous-hispidulous, fuscous-spadiceous cataphvlls up to 6

cm long. Leaves 7, situated throughout inost of the stem but increasin-

gly farther apart downwards, suberect or slightly spreading, narrowlv

elliptic, base not or scarcely subpeliolate, apex acuminate and acute,

13-16 cm long, upper 2-3 exceeding the stem, 1-1.3 cm wide, fiat,

smooth on both surfaces except towards the apex, under-surface sep-

tate-nodulose, sheathing; sheaths glabrous, no developed appendage

at the mouth, lower shining spadiceous below, including the node.

Inflorescence (immature) an erect, subsimple panicle, 8-10 cm long ;

secondari/ pnnicles few, suberect or more spreading, more or less

oblong, fastigiate, on scarcely exserted peduncles. Iihachis smooth.

Spikes 10-25 mm long, subdense-flowered, divaricate, male part usual-

ly much longer than the female part. Bracts (lower) similar to the

leaves, uper much reduced, sheathing. Brncteoles glumiform, small,

squarish, apex sometimes bilobed-emarginate, margins whitish-hvaline,

with a long sometimes curved or flexuous, hispidulous-margined awn.

Female glumes ovate or ovate-acuminate, cymbiform, apex acute or

subacute, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, mainly glabrous but often

very sparsely hispidulous towards the apex, nervose, dirty white or

light brownish, midrib often excurrent in a mucro up to 0.75 mm

long. Ulricles very undeveloped, nerved, hispidulous, including the

margins. Achene undeveloped.

Tongking : Chapa, ± 1500 m., July 1927, Petelot 3179 (P) !

13. Carex laosensis Nelmes.

Carex laosensis Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1939 : 305 (1939) et 1946 :

19, 23 (1946). — Laos, Kerr 21, 202.

Rhizome and lower part of stem unknown ; upper part rigid,

angles obtuse, faces concave, 13-27 cm long, 1-2 mm thick, smooth,

leafy in the upper part of the stem. Leaves 1-4, at nodes 2.5 cm to

10 cm apart, narrowly linear-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, mostly

much exceeding the inflorescence, 8-15 mm wide, flattish, smooth on

both surfaces, septate-nodulose, sheathing ; sheaths scabrid in front

especially near the brown, concave mouth, which is convex and car-

tilaginous. Inflorescence an erect, compound, interrupted, oblong pa¬

nicle, (3.5) 7.5-13.5 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad ; secondary panicles 3-7,

single, more or less oblong, upper subapproximatc and fastigiate, lower

at nodes 2-4 cm apart, rather dense, lower branches often again twice

branched, uppermost branches simple spikes, patuious to patent, on

scarcely exserted peduncles. Rhachis smooth, angles acute to obtuse.

Bracts foliaceous, upper reduced, ail far exceeding the main inflores¬

cence, sheathing. Spikes about 5 mm long, male part longer than the

female part, dense-flowered, female part very short, few-(about 1-3-)

flowered. Bracteoles glumiform, more or less square or oblong, very

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

small, midrib excurrent in a ciliolate-setulose awn, 1-3.5 mm long or

more, sometimes bent. Female glumes ovate, deeply cymbiform, mar-

gins sometimes involute, apex acute to obtuse, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.5

mm wide, pale, often with wide brownish erose margins, slenderly

nervose, midrib scarcely or up to 0.5 mm excurrent in a minutely setu-

lose mucro. Utricles broadly ellipsoid, less often ellipsoid-obovoid,

faces flattish, or concave near the base and apex, 4-4.5 mm long, 1.75-

2 mm broad, multinerved, marginate, margins setose from base to

apex, glabrous, apex usually bent, patulous to patent, dull olive-green

to stramineous-grecn, scarcely stipilate, subabruptly beaked ; beak

slightlv tapering, planoconvex, 1.25-2 mm long, broadly marginate,

margins setose, turned at right angles towards the fiat ventral side,

sometimes slightly twisted, bidentulate ; month slightly oblique. Ache-

ne ovoid, ellipsoid, or rhomboid-ellipsoid, angles prominent, faces so-

mewhat concave at base and apex, 2.25-2.8 mm long, 1.6-1.9 mm broad,

becoming fuscous, not stipitate, apex truncate. Style- base pyramidally

thickened.

Laos : Pak Munung, Wieng Chan, in evergreen forest, c. 1200 ni.,

22 April 1932, Kerr 21,202 (BM, K, P) !

14. Carex cataphyllodes Nelmes.

Carex cataphyllodes Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 13, 23 (1946). —

Thailand, Kerr 10, 371.

Tufted. Stems crect, angles prominent, 70-100 cm tall, 2 mm

thick below, smooth except just below the rhachis where the angles

are scabrid, clothed at the base by withered, dark-veined, elongated

cataphylls up to 16 cm long. Leaves about 3, erect or suberect, evenly

spaced on the stem, none radical, linear-elliptic, 30-45 cm long, 0.5-3

cm wide, upermost reduced or much reduced, very longly attenuated,

lower tapering below into a long, tightly conduplicate, petiolar basal

part, upper tapering below but scarcely petiolar, blades fiat, glabrous

on both surfaces, 2 upper usually exceeding the inflorescence, slenderly

septate-nodulose, sheathing. Inflorescence a simple, continuons, ovoid

or ellipsoid panicle of 7-10 branches, 6.5-19 cm long and about 4.5 cm

broad ; branches patulous to patent, each bearing 7-14 spikes. Rhachis

of the primary inflorescence and branches denselv scabro-hispidu-

lous, angles acute, prominent. Bracts glumiform and auricled below,

subherbaceous to setaceous or aristate and ciliolate-hispidulous above,

lowest sometimes subfoliaceous but small, sometimes an empty bract

below the panicle, none sheathing. Spikes 8-15 mm long, subdense-

flowered, mostly patent, male part equalling or slightly longer than

the female. Bracteoles glumiform, hispidulous above, longly aristate.

Female glumes oblong-ovate with a very obtuse, subtruncate or roun-

ded apex, 2.5-3 mm long, 1.25-1.75 mm wide, whitish and pellucid,

slenderly nervose, midrib excurrent from below the apex, in a smooth

or scabro-ciliolate mucro. Utricles undeveloped.

Thailand : S. W. Thailand ; Kanburi, Kao Ri Yai, evergreen fo¬

rest, c. 1200 m., 31 Jan. 1926, Kerr 10, 371 (BM, K) !

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENES CA R EX IN IND0-CH1NA.

Sect. 6. Stramentitiae (C. B. Clarke) Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 250 (1951).

[Sériés] Stramentitiae C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 :

4 (1904).

Secondary panicles usually single. Spikes numerous, rarely few.

Cladoprophylls utriculiform, rarely vestigial, apex sometimes bilobed.

Female glumes often pale. Utricles distinctly trigonous, angles promi-

nent, less coinmonly subinflated, inultinerved, mouth often dorsally

oblique. Achene usually ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, angles pronii-

nent, apex sometimes discoid-annulate. Style-base thickened, often

pyramidal, sometimes discoid-annulate.

Inflorescence reduced to 1-4 spikes ; bracts not sheathing the stem

. 22. C. tricephala.

Inflorescence composed of numerous spikes ; at least the lower bracts

sheathing the stem :

Upper secondary panicles binatc or ternate :

Leaves 15-25 mm wide, longitudinal rows of minute bristles on

the under-surface . 20. C. setulifolia.

Leaves 4-9 mm wide, under surface without rows of bristles

. 19. C. perakensis.

Upper secondary panicles single :

Glumes castaneous or dark reddisli-brown :

Leaves 20-25 mm wide ; spikes 5-7 mm long. . 15. C. balansae.

Leaves 5-10 mm wide ; spikes 5-15 mm long. 27. C. dietrichiae.

Glumes whitish, sometimes tinged golden or brownish :

Glumes hispidulous or setulose, at least above :

Leaves 6-12 mm wide ; spikes 7-17 mm long ; utricles 6-8

mm long . 18 C. leucostachys.

Leaves 12-20 mm wide ; spikes 4-10 mm long ; utricles 3.75-

6 mm long :

Spikes 4-7 mm long ; female glumes 2.75-3 mm long, mu-

cronulate ; utricles 3.75-4.25 mm long, beak 1-1.5 mm

long . 21. C. jeanpertii.

Spikes 5-10 mm long ; female glumes about 2 mm long,

aristate ; utricles 5-6 mm long, beak 2-3 mm long. . . .

. 16. C. spatiosa.

Glumes glabrous :

Leaves 20-32 mm wide . 23. C. callista.

Leaves 5-22 mm wide :

Spikes 10-22 mm long (leaves 5-14 mm wide) 26. C. indica.

Spikes 4-15 mm long :

Spikes 5-15 mm long (leaves 6-20 mm wide).. .

. 24. C. stramentitia.

Spikes 4-8 mm long :

Leaves 12-22 mm wide ; female glumes 3-3.5 mm long;

utricles 4.25-4.75 mm long (spikes about 8 mm long)

. 25. C. sychnostachya.

Source : MNHM, Paris

K. NELMES.

llû

Leaves 6-8 mm wide ; female glunies 1.5-2 mm long ;

ut rides 3.75-4 mm long (spikes 4-8 mm long)....

. 17. C. plagiosloma.

While the very wide-leaved species in earlier sections are more

nuinerous here than in Malaysia, this mid-/ndocare.r group has about

held its own in numbers though partlv composed of different species.

The same is true of the following small Sect. Cruciatae, but the final

section of Indocarex (excepting the Polystachyae which stand rather

apart froin other Indocnrices) is in Indo-China represented by a mere

two species in place of Malaysia’s sixleen.

15. Carex balansae Franch.

Carex balansae Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 sér. 8 : 258

(1896) ; C. B. Clarke, 11 ; Ivukenth., 265 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte,

Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 189 (1912) ; Nelines in Kew Bull. 1946 : 21,

22 (1946). — Tongking, Balansa 2828.

Loosely tufted. Stem erect or suberect, rigid, 126 cm tall, 1.75-

2.75 mm thick, smooth below, sparsely adpressed-hispidulous towards

the inflorescence, clothed at the base by the fuscous fibrous remains

of older leaves. Leaves mostly subbasal but 2 widely spaced higher on

the stem, mostly very long but shorter than the stem, 2-2.5 cm wide,

fiat, septate-nodulose above, acuminate at the apex, with fuscous ner-

ves on the back of the basal leaves ; sheaths dark brown and hispi-

dulous at the mouth. Inflorescence a compound, continuous panicle,

more or less eliiptic in outline, 24.5 cm long, up to 8.5 cm broad ;

secondary panicles 5-6, single, on longly exserted peduncles, upper

sessile or subsessile, lower at nodes rather distant from one another,

upper subapproximate to contiguous, lower branches again branched

into several simple spikes, upper branches in the form of simple

spikes, ail rather lax, branches and spikes mostly patent ; peduncles

stoutish, densely rufous-hispidulous. Rbachis densely rufous-hispidu-

lous, distinctly angled. Bracts of the 2 lower secondary panicles folia-

ceous, shortly to longly sheathing, exceeded by to about equalling the

stem ; sheaths pale- or rufous-hispidulous ; upper bracts much redu-

ced, not sheathing. Spikes mostly 5-7 mm long, male part dense-

flowered, equalling to slightly longer than the female part, which is

few- but subdense-flowered. Bractcoles glumiform, small, rufous-

hispidulous, midrib excurrent in a curvcd, hispidulous awn, 2-4 mm

or more long. Female glumes ovate or oblong-ovate. cymbiform, apex

obtuse or very obtuse, rarely subacute, 2.5-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide,

scurfy-hispidulous to glabrous, reddish-brown, strongly nervose,

midrib and 2 contiguous nerves coalescing above and excurrent in a

rufous-hispidulous awn 0.5-1.5 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid, 4-5 mm

long, 1.6-1.8 mm broad, strongly multinerved, narrowly marginate,

sometimes glabrous, sometimes with scurfy and rufous-hispidulous

patches, espccially along the inargins, straight, becoming patent, base

spongy, apex subabruptly beaked ; beak slightly tapering, flattened

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

111

above, 1.5-2 mm long, narrowlv marginale, sparsely hispid-marginc.l,

bent' sometimes twisted, ,palish, bidentulate. Achene ellipsoid or

rhomboid-ellipsoid, faces concave with a fiat middle part, 3-3.25 mm

long, 1.6-1.8 mm broad, becoming blackish with a pale base and apex,

not stipltate, apex scarcely beaked. Style- base slightly thickened.

Tongking : forests near the left bank of the Black river at Cho-bo,

15 Nov. 1887, Balansa 2827 (P) ! ; forests of Mt. Bavi, near the pagoda

of Déin-Touan, April 1888, Balansa 2828 (K, P) !

Differing from ail other known Indocarices in its densely rufous-

hispidulous rhaçhis and peduncles of the secondary panicles. Thcre

are sometimes rufous-hispidulous patches, too, on the utricles espe-

ciallv near the margins.

16. Carex spatiosa Boott.

Carex spatiosa Boott, Illustr. 2 : 86, t. 246 (1860) ; C. B. Clarke,

12 ; Kükenth., 265 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 :

188 (1912) ; Nelmes in Kew Bail. 1946 : 21, 23 (1946). — Annam,

Gaudichaud 67.

Tufted. Stem erect, obtusely trigonous, 60-80 cm tall, 1.5-2 mm

thick, smooth, including much of the main rhachis, striate. Leaves

basal and subbasal, several, and sometimes on the stem above, 37-

90 cm tall, 12-20 mm wide, fiat, apex longly acuminate, narrowing

below ; sheaths short, membranous in front. Inflorescence a com-

pound, interrupted, erect panicle, 15.5-33 cm long ; secondary panicles

3, single, oblong to pyramidal in outline, erect, 3-7.5 cm long, 1.5-5 cm

broad, ail rather longly separated, lowest sometimes remote, rather

lax, sometimes several lower branches again branched into 1-several

spikes, uppcr branches shorlly peduncled or sessile spikes, suhpatent

to patent, 2 lower panicles on longly exserted peduncles ; peduncles

with angles sparsely hispidulous. Rhachis of the secondary panicles

acutely angled, whitish-hispidulous. Bracts of the lower panicles folia-

ceous. middle bract subfoliaceous, much reduced, both rather longly

sheathing, uppermost bract glumiform, pale, not sheathing. Spikes

5-10 mm long, erect to subpatent, male part usually rather longer than

the female part which is few-flowered. Bracteoles glumiform, minu-

tely adpressed-hispidulous, whitish-erose round the very obtuse apex,

midrib excurrent in a curved, hispidulous awn, usually 4 mm or more

long. Female glumes oblong-ovate, cyinbiform, margins involute

below, apex very obtuse to bilobed-emarginate, about 2 mm long,

1-1.2 mm wide, nervose, adpressed-hispidulous, dirty-white suffused

light brownish, margins ciliolate-erose round the apex, midrib and

two adjacent nerves coalescing above and excurrent in a hispidulous

awn, 1-3 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid-obovoid, subinflated, 5-6 mm long,

1.25-1.5 mm broad, strongly multinerved, scarcely or narrowly margi-

nate, usually sparsely scurfy-adpressed-hispidulous, especially above,

but sometimes glabrous, straight to much bent or curved, patulous

to patent, base spongy and slightly bulbous, not stipitate, apex subgra-

Source : MNHN, Paris

112

E. NELMES.

dually beaked ; beak subterete, 2-3 mm long, scarcely marginate, spar-

sely hispidulous, sometimes twisted, bilobed ; mouth very oblique.

Achene ellipsoid-obovoid, angles prominent, faces concave, 2.5-

2.75 mm long, about 1 mm broad, light to dark brown, not stipitate,

very shortly beaked. Style- base much, sometimes bulbously, thicke-

ned.

Tongking : forests, left bank of Black River, near Cho-bo,

Balanso 2827 (K, P) !

Annam : Tourane, Gaudichaud 67 (P.) !

The following imperfect specimen may belong here.

Annam : 40 km. north of Tourane, 10 Aug. 1927, Clemens 4210

(K, PI !

17. Carex plaqiostoma Nelnies.

Carex plagiostoma Nelnies in Kew Bull. 1946 : 19, 23 (1946). —

Tongking, Balansa 2819.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short. Stem erect, 48 cm tall, 1.3-1.6 mm

thick, smooth, including the rhachis, clothed at the base, below the

leaves, by the long blackish fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths. Leaves

subbasallv rather crovvded and I higher on the stem, mostly slightly

exceeding the apex of the inflorescence, 6-8 mm wide, fiat, not septate-

nodulose, nerves on the back of the sheathing base fuscous. apex

longly attenuated ; sheaths of the lower leaves with glabrous, mem-

branous moutbs. Inflorescence a compound, interrupted, narrow,

erect panicle, 18 cm long ; secondary pnnicles about 4, single, pyra¬

midal in outline, erect, 3-4 cm long, 2-3 cm broad at the base, upper

approximate or subapproximate, lower more distantly spaced, lax,

lower branches again branched into several simple spikes, upper

branches in the form of simple spikes, branches and spikes patent,

lower on longly upper on shortly exserted peduncles ; peduncles slen-

der, smooth. Rhachis of the secondary panicles glabrous below, but

hispidulous above on the acuter angles. Bracts foliaceous, but upper

reduced, lower longly upper not to shortly sheathing ; sheaths brown

and concave at the mouth. Spikes 4-8 mm long, male part subdense-

flowered, equalling or much longer than the female part, which is

few-flowered. Bracteoles glumiform, apex bilobed-emarginate, 1.5-

1.75 mm long, midrih excurrent in a scaberulous-margined usually

curved awn, which is often longer than the bracteole itself. Female

glumes oblong with rounded upper corners or oblong-ovate, cymbi-

form, apex usually bilobed-emarginate, 1.5-2 mm long, 1-1.25 mm

wide, nervose, glabrous, milky-white, often tinged golden, midrib

excurrent in a nearly smooth to finely hispidulous awn up to nearly

1 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, trigonous to sub-

inflated, 3.75-4 mm long, 1-1.25 mm broad, strongly multinerved, scar¬

cely marginate, glabrous, usually much curved but sometimes straigh-

tish, becoming patent when mature, base spongy-thickened, not stipi-

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GEXUS CAREX IX INDO-CHINA.

113

tate, apex subgradually beaked ; beak gradually tapering, subterete,

1.5-2 mm long, glabrous, sometimes slightly twisted, bilobed ; moath

very oblique. Achene with prominent angles and concaves faces,

except for a rounded ridge running round the middle, giving a rhom-

boid-ellipsoid shape, 2-2.3 mm long, 1-1.1 mm broad, light purplish-

brown, not stipitate nor beaked. Style-base slightly bulbous.

Tongking : forests of Mt. Bavi, below the pagoda of Déin-Touan,

27 March 1887, Halansa 2819 (K, P) ! ; Nong Kay, Thorel (Exped.

Me-Kong, 1866-681 (P)! ; forests to the north of the station of Cho-bo,

15 Nov. 1887, Balqnsa 2811 (P.) !

18. Caiex leucostachys Ridley.

Carex leucostachys Ridley in Kew Bail. 1928 : 77 (1928) ; Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 251 (1951). — Malay Peninsula, Md. Nur 18,912.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short. Stems more or less erect, angles

prominent, obtuse to subacute, 40-85 cm tall, 2-2.5 mm thick below,

smooth below, sparsely to denselv scabrid on the angles above,

including much of the rhachis, surrounded, below the leaves, by

thickish, brown, polished, blackish-nerved cataphylls. Leaves basal

and subbasal, and 1-2 higher on the stem, lowest short-bladed, upper

exceeded by to much exceeding the stem, 6-12 mm wide, fiat, septate-

nodulose in places, under-surface sometimes covered with pale raised

dots or minute bristles, apices shortly to longly attenuated ; sheaths

loose, brownish, inembranous in front, mouth darker brown, often

setulose. Inflorescence a dense or interrupted, compound panicle,

occupying the upper 4 cm to half of the stem ; secondary panicles 3-5,

sometimes too crowded to be distinguishable, single, more or less

oblong, 3-6 cm long, upper crowded to subfastigiate, lower slightly

to very distantly separated, lower usually again branched into simple

spikes, upper spikès unbranched, lower on rather longly or longly

upper on scarcely or shortly exserted peduncles ; peduncles slender,

smooth, or scaberulous above. Bracts of the lower or lowest panicles

foliaceous, shorter than to exceeding the stem, longly sheathing, upper

bracts subfoliaceous, not or shortly sheathing. Spikes cylindric but

male part tapering, 7-17 min long, sublax- or subdense-flowered, male

part shorter in the long terminal spikes but in the latéral spikes

equalling to longer than the female part. Bracteoles similar to the

glumes. Cladoprophylls with 2 midrihs (bilobed), or small and ligulate.

Female glumes lanceolate, ovate-lanceolatc, or oblong with a trian-

gular apex, cymbiform, apex acute, obtuse, subtruncate, or bilobed-

emarginate, 4-5.5 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, dirty-whitish, often golden-

flushed above, nervose with sonie nerves golden-brown, glabrous or

sparsely hispidulous below, hispidulous above, inidrib and 2 adjacent

nerves coalescing above and often excurrent from a point below the

apex in a hispidulous-margined awn up to 2 mm long. Utricles

ellipsoid, obovoid, or ellipsoid-obovoid but tapering below, distinctly

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

rngled, 6-8 mm long, 1.5-2,3 mm broad, slenderly multinerved, sonie-

limes ventrally nearly nerveless, nerves sometimes reddish-brown

tinged, narrowly marginate, base glabrous, subadpressed whitish-

hispidulous above, straight or apex bent, patulous, base spongy, not

stipitate, subgradually to subabruptly beaked ; beak comprcssed or

subterete, gradually tapering, 2.75-3 mm long, narrowly marginate,

margins hispidulous, palish, bilobed ; mouth dorsally oblique ; lobes

shortish, straight, apex whitish-hyaline, becoming erose. Achene

ellipsoid, ellipsoid-obovoid, or obovoid with a tapering base, angles

prominent, faces flattish or concave below, 3-4 mm long, 1.5-2 mm

broad, becoming blackish, not or very shortly pale-stipitate, apex

abruptly beaked ; benk very short, bent, apex slightly annulate. Stgle-

base thickened, minutely whitish-hispidulous. Stigmas dark reddish-

brown, sharply contrasting with lhe pale spikes.

Tongking : Chapa ; Fan Si Pan, -- 1500 m, July 1931, Petelot

6133 (P) !

Malaysia.

When I was preparing descriptions of Carex leucostachgs and

C. perakensis for my révision of the genus in Malaysia they seeined

sufficiently distinct to treat as species. The above-cited Paris material

collected in Indo-China lias narrowed the gap and one is not now

quite so sure of their status, but the evidence for merging the two

into one species is not yet quite clear.

19. Carex perakensis C. B. Clarke.

Carex perakensis C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 720

(1894) ; C. B. Clarke, 9 ; Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 5 : 184 (1925) ;

Nelmes, 253. — Malay Peninsula, Wrag.

Carex wightiana Nees var. perakensis (C. B. Clarke) Kiikenth. in

Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 288 (1909).

Loosely tufted. Rhizome elongated, 3-4 mm thick, clothed with

brown to fuscous sheathing scales. Stems more or less erect, angles

acute, 58-120 cm tall, 2-2.5 mm thick below, smooth throughout, or

angles sparsely scaberulous towards the'apex of the rhachis. Leaves

spaced throughout the stem, shorter bladed and more aggregated at

the base, merging downwards into acuminate, spadiceous to fuscous

cataphylls or nearly leafless sheaths, normal leaves long, some ex-

ceeding the stem, 4-9 mm wide, liât or flattish, septate-nodulose in

places, apices longly acuminate ; sheaths dark brown-or blackish-

nerved on the back, front dark brown, membranous, hispidulous

above. Inflorescence a much interrupted, narrowdy oblong panicle,

occupving the upper third or less of the stem ; secondarg panicles up

to 6, lower single or binate, upper binate or ternate, more or less

oblong, 2-5 cm long, upper approximate, forming a continuous in¬

florescence, lower 1-2 rather distant, composed of 3-6 simple sessile

spikes, lower on longly exserted, upper sessile or on shortly exserted,

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

peduncles ; peduncles slender, smooth or rarely sparsely scaberulous.

Bracts of the lower panicles foliaccous, excecding or much exceeding

the stem, Iongly sheathing, upper bracts much reduced, subfoliaceous

to glumiform-aristate, shortly sheathing ; sheaths membranous, dark-

brown, and sometimes hispidulous, at the mouth. Spikes 1-1.5 cm long,

sublax-flowered, male part about as long as the female or sometimes

longer. Bracteoles reduced to long-awned «lûmes. Cladoprophylls

utriculi-glumiform, about 3.5 mm long, sometimes much smaller and

ligulate. Female glumes ovate, ovate-oblong, or oblong-obovate, apical

part triangular or sublanceolate, cymbiform, apex acute to obtuse,

3.25-4.5 mm long, 1.75-2.5 mm wide, whitish or fulvous with wide

whitish margins, golden-brown-nervose, glabrous, or sparsely and

ininutely hispidulous towards the apex, margins ciliolate-erose, midrib

usually excurrent from a point about 0.5 mm below the apex in a

ciliolate-hispidulous awn up to 1.5 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid, obo-

void-ellipsoid, or obovoid but tapering below, angles rather prominent,

4.75- 6 mm long, 1.3-1.9 mm broad, multinerved, nerves sometimes

reddish-brown towards the base, very narrowly marginate, base gla¬

brous or glabrescent, otherwise densely pale to golden, subadpressed

hispidulous, straight or slightly curved, patulous, base spongy, trun-

cate, not stipitate, subgradually narrowing above into a beak ; beak

conic, 1-2 mm long, narrowly marginate, glabrescent or hispidulous,

bilobed ; mouth dorsallv oblique ; lobes short, straight, apex whitish-

hyaline, becoming erose. Acbene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, but

Iongly tapering towards the base, conspicuously angled, faces flattish,

2.75- 3 mm long, 1.1-1.8 mm broad, dark brown to blackish, base pale,

not stipitate, apex slightly tapering, beaked ; beak short or very

short, often slightly benl, pale. Style slightly thickened at the tri-

gonous, whitish-hispidulous-angled base. Stigmas long, dark reddish

brown, in striking contrast to the pale spikes.

Tongking : Prov. of Vinh-yen ; Massif of Tarn Dao, « reçu le

Avril-Mai 1917 », Eberhardt 3721 (P) ! ; Massif of Mau Son, Jan. 1925,

Petelot 1754 (P) ! ; Chapa, 1500 m, Aug. 1927, Petelot 3175 (P) ! ibid.,

clayey talus in forest, ± 1500 m, Aug 1931, Petelot 6132 (P) !

Annam : Prov. of Kontum : Massif of Ngok Pan, granitic soil,

2300 m, 12 Dec. 1946, Poilane 35,801 (P) !

Malaysia.

The following specimen dilïcrs somewhat in appearance from

C. perakensis but is placed herc until it is better known.

Annam : Prov. of Kontum ; between Dak Dru Dak and Dak Bon

Khong, west of Dak Gley, good clayey schistose soil, very wet climate,

foggy and humid, 1000-1100 m, 30 Jan. 1947, Poilane 32,891 (P) !

Mémoires du Muséum. — Botanique, t. IV.

Source : MNHN, Paris

F.. NELMES.

20. Carex setulifolia Nelmes.

Carex setulifolia Nelmes, s/t. non. ; nffinis C. perakensi C. B.

Clarke, sed foliis latioribus dorso setulis lineatim regulariter dispositis

longitudinaliter adpresso-hispidulis, glnmis femineis longioribus prae-

cipue differt. — Tongking, Petelot 5504.

Probably loosely lufted. Rhizome short. Stem erect, 105 cm tall,

4-5 mm thick below, smooth, even on the rhachis and most of its

branches. Leaves basal and subbasal, with 1 higher on the stem, long

or vcry long but shorter than the stem, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, fiat, upper

surface glabrous, slenderly septate-nodulose, under-surface densely

covered with pale minute bristles which occur mostly in longitudinal

rows between the nerves, apices longly attenuated ; basal sheaths

purplish-spadiceous, fraying into fibres. Inflorescence an interrupted

compound slender panicle, occupying the upper half of the stem ;

secondarg panicles about 12, lowest single, others binate and ternate

at about 5 nodes, more or less oblong, 4-8 cm long, upper approxiinate

and fastigiate, perhaps slightlv cernuous, lower distant, upper spikes

unbranched, lower sometimes again branched into several simple

spikes, lower on longly lo very longly, upper on scarcely to rather

longly, exserted peduncles ; peduncles slender, smooth, or upper sca-

berulous above. Bracts of the lower panicles foliaceous, exceeded by

to about equalling the apex of the whole inflorescence, longly

sheathing, upper hracts subfoliaceous, shortly sheathing. Spikes 7-15

mm long, subdense-flowered, male part shorter in the long terminal

spikes and longer in the short latéral spikes, than the female part.

Bracteoles similar to the glumes but longer awned. Cladoprophglls

often bilobed. Female glumes mostly more or less oblong with rounded

to subtruncate or bilobed-emarginate apices, sometimes oblong-ovate,

cymbiform above, 3.75-5.5 mm long, 1.5-2.3 mm wide, glabrous, ful-

vous, or pale with reddish streaks, nervose, midrib and 2 adjacent

nerves coalescing above and usually excurrent from a point below

the apex in a hispidulous-margined awn up to 2 mm long. Utricles

narrowly ellipsoid, tapering below 7 , distinctly angled, 5.5-6 mm long,

1-1.3 mm broad, multincrved, narrowly marginate, densely or sub-

densely whitish-hispidulous above, glabrous or glabrescent below or

at the base, usually curved but sometimes straightish, patulous,

shortly cuneate-stipitate, gradually or subabruptly beaked ; beak

tapering, plano-convex, grooved down the black, 1.5-2 mm long,

scarcely or narrowly marginate, sparsely hispidulous below, glabrous

or glabrescent above, bidentulate ; mouth not or scarcely oblique ;

teeth lobe-like, straight. Achene ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, distinctly

angled, 3-3.5 mm long, 1-1.1 mm broad, becoming dark brown, not

stipitate, subabruptly beaked ; beak cylindric, pale or pale above,

straight or straightish, 0.2 - 0.5 mm long. Style - base somewhat

thickened. Stigmas thickish.

Tongking : Chapa ; c. 1500 m, July 1924, Petelot 1649 (BOG, P) ! ;

col of Lo ? Qui ? Ho, c. 2000 m. Sept. 1931, Petelot 5504 (P) !

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHÏNA.

21. Carex jeanpeitii E. G. Camus.

Carex jeanpertii E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Not. Syst. 1 : 295 (1910)

et in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indochine, 7 : 185 (1912) ; Nelmes in Kew

Bull. 1946 : 21, 23 (1946). — Tongking, Bon 5361.

Probably tufted. Rhizome short, clothed with the fibrous remains

of sheathing scales. Stem erect, 67 cm tall, nearly 2 mm thick below,

smooth except the scaberulous angles of the apex of the rhachis and

its branches. Leaves basal and subhasal, long but shorter than the

stem, 15-17 mm vide, fiat, slightly septate-nodulose in places, apices

attenuated, lover leaves merging into a few reddish-brovn cataphylls ;

shenths brovnish, membranous in front. Inflorescence an erect or

suberect, simple, slender, interrupted panicle, occupying the upper

40 cm of the stem ; secondary panicles 3, single, more or less oblong,

8-9 cm long, 5-15 mm broad, ail distant from one another, lax, lower

branches usually bearing 2-4 simple spikes, upper branches in the

form of simple sessile spikes, erect to patulous, the 2 latéral panicles

on longlv exserted peduncles vhich are rather slender, smooth or

scaberulous. Bracts foliaceous but upper reduced, mostly failing to

reach the apex of the stem, longly to shortly sheathing. Spikes 4-7 mm

long, male part dense - female fev-flovered. Bracteoles not distin-

guishablc from the glumes. Cladoprophylls reduced and vestigial.

Female glumes ovate or oblong-ovate, cymbiform to flattish above,

apex verv obtuse to rounded, 2.75-3 nnn long, about 2 mm wide, gla-

brous or glabrescent belov, sparsely setulose above, fulvous-brown,

with vide whitish-hyaline erose-ciliolate margins, especially round

the apex, strongly nervose, midrib and 2 strong adjacent nerves

coalescing above and excurrent in a smooth or sparsely hispidulous

mucro, 0.2-0.3 mm long. Utricles broadlv ellipsoid, obtusely angled,

3.75-4.25 mm long, about 2 mm broad, slenderly and obscurely pluri-

to multinerved, narrowly marginate, setulose, straight or slightly

incurved, becoming patulous to subpatent, base spongy-thickened, not

stipitate, subabruptlv beaked ; beak tapering, compressed, 1-1.5 mm

long, narrovly marginate, hispidulous-margined, otherwise glabrous

or glabrescent, usually rather curved, sometimes slightly twisted,

bidentate ; mouth not or scarcely oblique ; teeth lobe-like, straight.

Achene ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, apex truncate, angles promi¬

nent, faces shallowlv concave, 2.2-2.8 mm long, 1.8-1.9 mm broad,

becoming blackish, scarcely or very shortly stipitate, not or scarcely

beaked. Style pyramidally thickened above a discoid base.

Tongking : West Tongking ; near Ninh-binh, Bon 5361 (P) !

In one utricle of this species examined there was a flattened scale-

like rhachilla about as long as the achene.

22. Carex tricephala Boeck.

Carex tricephala Boeck. in Flora, 58 : 263 (1875) ; Kükenth., 289 ;

Nelmes, 256. — Madura, Zollinger 1778.

Source : MNHN, Paris

118

E. NELMES.

Carex thorelii E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Not. Syst. i : 295 (1910) ;

E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 196 (1922). — Cam-

bodia, Thorel 2218.

Carex plesiocephala Turrill in Kew Bail. 1910 : 385 (1910). —

Upper Burma, Lace 4235 ; Thailand, Kerr 1221.

Rhizome short, horizontal, covered with the fuscous, fibrous re¬

mains of scales. Stems ercct, angles obtuse below, narrowly winged

above, especially just below the spikes, 13-50 cm tall, 0.6-1 mm thick

below, 1-1.75 mm thick in the winged upper part, smooth below, an¬

gles densely pale hispid-scaberulous just below and on the rhachis,

clothed at the base with the fuscous fibrous remains of cataphylls

and old leaf-sheaths. Leaves mostly basal or subbasal, 1-2 on the stem

above, shorter than to much exceeding the stem, 3.5-11 mm widc, fiat,

slightly septate-nodulose, apices shortlv attenuated ; sheaths of the

basal leaves membranous in front, those of the stem leaves longer and

tighter, membranous only at the dark-brown, truncatc, sometimes

minutely pubescent moulh. Spikes 1-3 (4), 6-10 (12) mm long and

nearly as broad, terminal larger than the others, the uppermost laté¬

ral spikes, sometimes absent or representcd by a bract, branching

from near the base of the terminal and forming a pyramidal or sub-

globose head, lowest spike 2-5 cm distant, male part about as long as

but much more slender than the female. Bract of the lowest 1-2 spikes

foliaceous, much exceeding the stem, upper bracts much reduced,

subherbaceous or glumiform with a very long hispidulous awn, not

sheathing but with short ciliolatc-hispidulous pale auricles ; bracteoles

glumiform, broadly oblong to suborbicular, with a long, flattish, setu-

lose-margined awn. Female ghimes oblong-ovate to more or less

oblong, apex subobtuse to very obtuse, flattish to cynibiform, 2.5-4

mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, distinctly nervose, densely whitish-sub-

adpressed-setulose, milky-white to brownish, margins whitish-hyali-

ne, ciliolate-erose, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves coalescing above and

excurrent in a minutely setulose awn, 0.5-1 mm long. Utricles ellip-

soid, distinctly angled, 4.25-5.75 mm long, 1.8-2 mm broad, multiner-

ved, densely hispidulous-pilose above, narrowly marginate, becoining

patulous to subpatent, not or very shortly stipitate, subgradually to

subabruptly beaked ; beak conic below, compressed-cylindric above,

less pubescent towards ils bidentate apex, 1-2 mm long ; mouth sligh-

lly dorsallv oblique ; tceth short, straight. Achene ellipsoid to obovoid-

ellipsoid, angles very prominent, faces flattish to concave, 2.5-3 inin

long, 0.7-2 mm broad, angles becoining dark reddish-brown and faces

cinereous, tapering to a scarcely stipitate base, apex slightly rounded,

scarcely or very shortly and stoutly beaked. Style-hase pyramidally

thickened, sometimes subdiscoid-annulate, overlapping the apex of

the achene.

Thailand : N: Thailand ; Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, mixed jungle,

foot of Doi Sutep, 330 m., 16 June 1910, Kerr 1221 (BM, K)! ; ibid.,

13 Sept. 1914, Kerr 3372 (BM, K) ! — S. W. Thailand ; Kanburi, Sai

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

11 !)

Yoke, ± 50 ni., forest, 1 Aug. 1928, Marcan 2368 (BM, K) ! Dawn

Tan, ? Nakaun ? Panan, deciduous forest, ± 100 ni., 15 May 1932,

Kerr 21,462 (K) !

Laos : Nam Pat, 24 April 1892, Prince Henri d’Orléans (P) !

Cambodia : slopes of Mt. Oudon, Khon Island, Stung-treng, July

lo Sept., 1866-68, Thnrel (P) ! ; Mt. Schrion, 200 ni., 18 April 1870,

Pierre (P) ! ; Mt. Cherreo, Thorel.

Krong-Pha, 23 June 1921, Hayata (P) !

Upper Burma, Java (Madura).

There is a note on the peculiar distribution of this species fol-

lowing its description in iny révision of Garex in Malaysia (Rein-

wardtia, 1 : 257 : 1951).

23. Carex callista Nelmes.

Carex callista Nelmes, sp. nov. ; affinis C. stramentitiae Boott ex

Boeck., sed foliis latioribus, spicis brevioribus, glumis pallidioribus

praecipue differt. — Lower Burma, Maung Ba Pe 12, 857.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome very short. Stems erect, (40-) 59-65 cm

tall, (2-) 3-4 mm broad, smooth below the rhachis, surrounded, below

the Ieaves, bv a few withered leaf-sheaths. Leaves basal and subbasal,

rarelv higher on the stem, longer to much longer than the stem, (2-)

2.5-3.2 cm wide, fiat, slenderly septate-nodulose in places, apices atte-

nuated ; sheaths light brown and membranous in front, fuscous-ner-

ved on the back. Inflorescence a compound, continuous or interrupted

panicle, occupying the upper (14-) 16-26 cm of the stem ; secondarg

panicles 2-4, single, erect or suberect, oblong-elliptic to lanceolate in

outline, 6.5-10 cm long, 2.5-6.5 cm wide, upper at subapproximate

nodes, lowest distant, subdense, upper on peduncles scarcely or short-

ly, lower on peduncles longly or very longlv, exserted, middle and

lower branches again branched, lower twice, into simple spikes, upper

branches in the form of simple spikes ; peduncles slender, smooth to

wholly scabrid. Rhachis of the secondarv panicles, and of the main

panicle above, denselv scabrous-hispidulous. Bracts (lower) foliaceous

and much exceeding, upper subfoliaceous and often exceeded by, the

stem, upper scarcely or shortly lower longly or very longly sheathing ;

sheaths membranous at the mouth, often fuscous-nerved. Spikes (im¬

mature) 4-7 mm long, subdense-flowered, patulous to subpatent.

Bracteoles glumiform, with long, sometimes curved, hispidulous-mar-

gined awns. Cladoprophglls with a bilobed, ciliolate apex. Female glu-

mes (immature) more or less oblong or ovate-oblong, shallowly cvm-

biform, apex rounded or more or less truncate, ciliolate, 2-2.5 mm

long, about 1 mm wide, glabrous, pallid, with wide thinner margins,

not visibly nervose, except the greenish midrib and 2 closely adjacent

nerves which, coalescing above, are excurrent in a tapering, sparsely

hispidulous-margined, straight or slightly curved awn, 0.75-1.5 mm

long. Utricles quite undeveloped.

Source : MNHN, Paris

120

E. NELMES.

Lower Burma : Tenasserim ; (connu. Col. Broome. 6/79) 42 (K)! ;

Salween District ; Mewaing Headwaters, loamy soil, isolated, under

shade, 18° N, 97“ W, 675 ni., 22 Dec. 1928, Po Chin 6064 (K) ! ; Tavoy ;

Nat gyi zin, Kaleinaung Reserve, a Dec. 1927, Maung Bn Pe i857 (K) ! ;

Thaung vin Division, That Lut Pa ya Toung, 5 Dec. 1931, Maung Ba

Pe 12,857 (K) !

This hand.sonie species, with ils beautiful lax panicles of pallid

spikes, seems so strikingly distinct that I hâve no qualms about giving

it a naine, in spitc of the absence of fruiting specimens.

24. Carex stramentitia Boott ex Boeck.

Carex stramentitia Boott ex Boeck. in Linnaea, 40 : 351 (1876) ;

C. B. Clarke, 9 ; Ivükenth., 264 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén.

Indo-Chine, 7 : 188 (1912) ; Nelmes, 267. — India, Hook. f.

Looselv tufted. Rhizome short, clothed with dark-nerved shea-

thing scales or their fuscous fibrous remains. Stems more or less

erect, obtusely but distinctly angled, 30-127 cm tall, about 1.5-3,5 mm

thick below, smooth below the inflorescence except below its lowesl

node, where the surface is sometimes bristly, and below the stem

leaves where one of the three fiat sides is sometimes sparsely bristly,

clothed, below the leaves, by fuscous fibrous remains of old leaf-bases.

Leaves basal and subbasal, and sometimes 1-2 on the stem above, some

shorter, or equalling, but others much exceeding, the stems, 6-20 mm

wide, fiat to strongly plicate and revolute, sometimes septate-nodu-

lose, apices longly attenuated ; sheaths brown, membranaceous in

front, fuscous-nerved on the back. Inflorescence a compound, much

interrupted, narrow panicle, occupying the upper 9-36 cm of the stem ;

secondarg panicles 2-4, single, suberect, more or less lanceolate,

oblong, rhomboid or pyramidal in outline, dense, 2-9 cm long, 1.5-6.5

cm thick, upper shortly separated to rather distant, lower distant,

from one anothcr, upper on peduncles scarcely or very shortly, lower

on peduncles shortly to longly or very longly, exserted, lower bran¬

ches again branched (lowest sometimes twice) into several simple

spikes, upper branches simple spikes, becoming patulous to patent ;

peduncles smooth to scaberulous, slender. Rhachis of the main inflo¬

rescence scaberulous on the angles and bristly on the surface just

below the nodes ; rhachis of the secondary panicles densely hispid

on angles and surface, except below on the lower ones. Bracts folia-

ceous but upper reduced, lowest much, upper little, exceeding the

stem, sheathing ; sheaths of the lower long or very long and the upper

short or very short, glabrous below, hispidulous in front or at the

membranous mouth, nodes brown. Spikes 5-15 mm long, female part

1- few-flowered, rather shorter than the male part. Bracteoles glumi-

form, midrib excurrent in a long, often curved and flexuous, hispidu-

lous-margined awn. Female glumes oblong, oblong-ovate or subtrian-

gular, deeply cymbiform above, margins sometimes involute, apex

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAItEX IN INDO-CHINA.

121

obtuse, rounded, truncate or bilobed-emarginate, 2-2.75 mm long,

1.3-2 mm wide, glabrous, rarely sparsely hispidulous above, dirty

whitish, slenderly nervose, midrib and two adjacent nerves, coales-

cing above, excurrent from a point on the back below the apex in a spar¬

sely hispidulous-margined awn, 0.75-2 mm long. Utricles rhomboid-

ovoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, but curved-tapering below into a spon-

gy, cylindric-bulbous or cuneate-cylindric basal part, angles promi-

nent, faces flattish, 4-5 mm long, 1.5-1.9 mm broad, not marginate,

multinerved, glabrous, margins rarely very sparsely hispidulous above,

straight to slightly recurved, patulous to subpatent, not stipitate,

subabruptly beaked ; beak often slightly inflated at the base, corn-

pressed above, graduallv tapering, 1.5-2 mm long, incurved-marginate

on the ventral side, glabrous, rarely extremely sparsely scaberulous-

margined, usually straight but sometimes slightly curved and/or

Iwisted, palish, subentire ; mouth very dorsally oblique. Achene rhom¬

boid-ellipsoid, angles prominent, faces concave, especially below, 2.25-3

mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm broad, straight or very slightly curved, beco-

ming warm brown, curved-tapering below into a stout, scarcely stipi¬

tate basal part, erostrate at the apex. Style thickened below into a

discoid-annulate-triangular base.

Lower Burma : Tenassarim ; Amherst District, Dawn Hills near

Malavit, April 1927, Shwe Nyau T ha A (K) !

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Lainpang, Mae Moi, gregarious on open

hill slopes in deciduous Dipterocarp forest, Winit 833 (K) !

Laos : Nong-Kay, Thorel.

Annam : vicinity of Hué, Jan.-May 1927, Squires 283 (BM, K) ! ;

Sapoum Prov., Haut Douai, south agricultural station of Blao, in large

forest, 1000-1200 ni., 22 Feb. 1933, Poilane 22,041 (P) !

India, Java.

25. Carex sychnostachya Nelmes.

Carex sychnostachya Nelmes in Kew Bail. 1939 : 658 (1939) et

in Kew Bull. 1946 : 20, 23 (1946). — Thailand, Kerr 5703.

Rhizome longly creeping, clothed with sheathing scales. Stems

erect or suberect, rigid, faces rather concave, about 40 cm tall, about

1.5 mm thick below, almost smooth, angles scaberulous above, sur-

rounded at the base, below the leaves, by elongated almost leafless

sheaths the lower of which are reduced to fuscous fibres. Leaves

linear-lanceolate, apex usually not longly attenuated, subbasal except

1 higher on the stem, shorter to longer than the stems, 12-22 mm

wide (stem leaf 2-8 mm wide), fiat above, conduplicate-petiolate to-

wards the base, pseudo-petioles greenish-white with brownish to blac-

kish nerves, scarcely to shortly sheathing. Inflorescence à compound,

interrupted, erect to suberect panicle, about 8 cm long ; secondary

panicles 3-4, single, more or less ovoid-pyramidal, about 2 cm long,

Source : MNHN, Paris

122

E. NELMES.

l.a-2 cm broad, upper contiguous to subapproximate, lower more dis-

tantly spaced, dense, uppcrmosl sessile, remainder on shortly to lon-

glj' exserted peduncles, each composed of about 5 short sessile patent

branches, most of which are composed of 3-5 crowded, stellately

spreading, simple spikes, rarely the branches themselves rcduced to

simple spikes, forming dense heads ; peduncles slender, scabrid. Rha-

chis of the main inflorescence ohtuselv angled, smooth or scaberu-

lous, of the secondary panicles with acute angles, which are densely

setulose-scabrid. Brncls of the lower secondary panicles subfoliaceous,

exceeding their panicles, longly sheathing, upper bracts reduced to

long-awned glumes ; sheaths brown at the deeply concave mouth.

Spikes about 8 mm long, male part dense-flowered, much longer than

the few-flowered female part. Bracteoles glumiform, the midrib excur-

rent in a long, flattish, setulose-margined, sometiines curved awn.

Female plumes ovate, oblong-ovate, or ovale-lanceolate, cymbiform,

apex acute to obtuse, 3-3.5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, glabrous, whitish

splashed pale brown, margins becoming erose, midrib excurrent in

a smooth or slightly scaberulous mucro, O.3-0.6 mm long. Utricles

broadly ellipsoid, obovoid, ellipsoid-lanceolate, or obovoid-lanceolate,

angles very prominent and obtuse, the 3 faces somewhat concave,

4.25-4.75 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad, multinerved, narrowly margi-

nate, subadpressed-setulose, straight, patulous to patent, scarcely sti-

pitate, subabruptly beaked ; beak tapering, flattish or convex-cana-

liculate, ahout 2 mm long, narrowly marginate, often curved and so-

metimes twistcd, whitish, bidentate ; mouth exlremely oblique ; teeth

straight or slightly converging. Achenes ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellip-

soid, conspicuously angled, faces concave, especially above and below,

about 2 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm broad, golden brown, not or scarcely

stipitate, tapering above to the apex which suddenly and slightly broa-

dens to become truncate-annulate. Style-base thickened-pyramidal.

Thailanu : N. Thailand ; Petchahun, about 200 m., on bank of

dry stream in evergreen forest, 28 March 1922, Kerr 5703 (BM, K) !

Readily distinguished from its allies by its secondary panicles

forming dense heads.

There is another specimen which appears to be this species but

it is too young for certain détermination (N. Thailand ; Nakawn-Tai,

300 m„ frequent in damp places, Hosseus 723, BM, K !)

This Hosseus plant came to Kew for détermination, and, from

the evidence of the Kew Plant Lists, Hosseus was informed that it

was probably a Curex but too young for one to be sure of its identi¬

fication (« Carex juvenilis »). This information was apparently passed

on by Hosseus to Lecomte, but in such a manner as to lead Lecomte

to believe that the word juvenilis was suggested as the spécifie epi-

thet for the plant. It was accordingly published : Carex juvenilis C.

B. Clarke ex Lecomte, Not. Syst. 2 : 207 (1912), but because this com¬

bination is based upon a misunderstanding it is here treated as ille-

gitimate, and owing to its juvenility the plant is placed here with con¬

sidérable diffidence.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GEXUS CARËX IN INDO-CHINA.

123

26. Carex indica L.

Cure.i indien L„ Mant. II, 574 (1771) ; Boott, Illustr. 2 : 87, tt. 250,

252, 253 (1860) ; C. B. Clarke, 8 ; Kükenlh., 262, 263 = fig. 40 ; Le¬

comte in Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 187 (1912) ; Nelmes, 271. — « India

orientalis».

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect, angles prominent,

obtuse, faces flattish, 60-100 cm long, about 3.5 mm thick below,

smooth, surrounded at the base by cataphylls or leafless-sheaths and

a fuscous mass of their fibrous remains. Leaves mostly basal, but se-

veral spaced on the stem, sonie much longer than the stems, 5-14 mm

wide, flattish-plicate, margins sometimes slightly revolute, apices

longly attenuated; sheaths brown to fuscous on the back, often

blackish-nerved. Inflorescence a compound interrupted panicle, occu-

pying about the upper half of the stem ; secondnrij panicles 3-7, sin¬

gle, more or les oblong to pyramidal in outline, erect, 3.5-10 cm long,

2-6 cm broad, upper subapproximate and continuous to rather dis-

tantly, lower distantlv spaced, lax to subdense, lower branches again

branched into 3-7 simple spikes, upper ones simple spikes, becoming

more or less patent, upper on rather longly lower on very longly

exserted peduncles ; peduncles with angles usually distinct and sca-

brid, sometimes obscure and smooth, firm. Rhachis of the secondarv

panicles scabrid-hispidulous on the acute or narrowlv winged angles.

Bracts foliaceous, much exceeding the stem, upper much reduccd,

upper shortly to longly lower longly to very longly sheathing ; sheaths

with a brown, glabrous mouth, nodes often dark. Spikes 10-22 mm

long, subdenseflowered, male part much longer than the few-flowe-

red female part and slenderlv cylindric but tapering towards the apex.

Bracteoles glumiform, midrib excurrent in a long, filiform, ciliolate-

scaberulous, often curved awn. Female glumes triangular-lanceolate

to triangular-ovate, flattish to cymbiform, apex acute to obtuse, 2-3

mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, glabrous, dirty white tinged light brown,

midrib and 2 adjacent nerves coalescing near the apex and excurrent

in a stoutish, recurved, scabcrulous awn, 0.25-3 mm long. Utricles

ellipsoid to subglobose, more or less inflated and obscurely angled,

3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.5-2.3 mm broad, strongly multinerved, not or scar-

celv marginate, glabrous, apex often more or less bent, patulous to

patent, not or scarcely stipitate, apex subabruptly beaked ; beak tape-

ring, subterete or compresscd, about 1.5 mm long, usually glabrous

but sometimes narrowly marginate and sparsely hispidulous-margi-

ned, usually straight, sometimes twisted ; mouth dorsallv very obli¬

que, the apex being subacutc and hyaline-tipped. Achene obovoid to

subglobose, pyriform or ovoid-rhoinboid, angles very pronounced, fa¬

ces concave, especially below, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad, scarcely

or shortly stipitate, beak very short. Style- base gradually thickened,

conical or discoid-annulate, pale.

Thailand : C. Thailand ; Saraburi, Muak Lek, evergreen forest,

15 July 1925, Nai-Noc 96 (K) ! E. Thailand ; Korat, Katok, evergreen

Source : MNHN, Paris

124

E. NELMES.

forest, ± 300 ni.. 29 Dec. 1923, Kerr 8150 (BM, K) ! - S. E. Thailand ;

Trat, Kaw Chang, Klawng Mayom, 10-100 ni., common in clumps,

evergreen forest, 2 April 1923, Kerr 6805 (BM, K) ! — Pen. Thailand ;

Pak Chong, evergreen jungle, 300 ni., 29 Dec. 1923, Marcan 1505 (Kl! ;

Peachuap, Ban Nawng Rang, ±100 in., common in evergreen forest,

10 July 1926, Kerr 10,918 (BM, K)! ; Chumpawn, Bang Son, 10 March

1928, Put 1499 (K) ! ; Tapli, Kloss 6817 (K) ! ; Thailand, Hosseus. Surat,

in scrub, under 10 ni., 6 Jan. 1927, Kerr 11.301 (BM, K) !

Tongking : forests at Jon Bav, April, 1909, Alleizette sine num.

(P.) !

Laos : S. Laos ; basin of the Se-Moun, valley in the forests of

Gong Soai. Feb. 1876, Hnrmand 399 (P.) !

Annam : Tay Ninh Prov. ; Cav Cong, in dense woods, Jan. 1866.

Pierre 1881 (BM, K) ! ; ibid., April 1867, Pierre sine num. (BOG, K, P) ! ;

S. Annam : Dalat and vicinity, in clay soil of thin forest, March-April

1932, Squires 753 (P)! ; Darlac Prov., port of Lae, underwood, 500-600

ni., 17 April 1941, Poilane 32,414 (K, P)! Nha-trang, Robinson.

Cambodia : « Herb. Forest, Cambodge, Magnien, Gourgand, Châ-

tillon, reçu le 20 Oct. 1909» (P) ! Kamchay Mtns., Hahn. Towards

Pnom-Penh, Magnien, etc.

Indo-China : Pungala, 6 Dec. 1918, Md. Haniff et Md. Nur 3862

(K) !

India ?, Malaysia.

Widespread in Indo-China but olherwise more restricted in its

distribution than was earlier supposed.

27. Carex dietrichiae Boeck.

Carex dietrichiae Boeck. in Flora, 58 : 122 (1875) ; C. B. Clarke,

8 ; Nelmes, 273. — Queensland, Dietrich 644, 653.

Carex indica L. var. laete-brunnea C. B. Clarke in Hook. f„ Fl.

Brit. Ind. 6 : 715 (1894) ; C. B. Clarke, 8 ; Kükenth., 264 ; E. G. Camus

in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 187 (1912). — Cevlon, Thwaites

2628.

Loosely to denselv tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect, faces flat-

tish, (15) 25-77 cm tall, 1-2.5 mm thick bclow, smooth except for the

sparsely hispidulous angles on the rhachis above, surrounded, below

the leaves, by more or less entire, pale, brownish- to blackish-nerved,

leafless sheaths or their fuscous fibrous remains. Leaves basal and

subbasal, 0-1 higher on the stem, sonie much exceeding the stems,

5-10 mm wide, fiat or flattish, margins sometimes revolute, apices

longly attenuated ; sheaths brown to fuscous or with blackish nerves

on the back, membranous in front. Inflorescence a compound, inter-

rupted, rather slender panicle, occupying the upper 16-35 cm of the

stem ; secondarg panicles 3-8, single, erect, more or less oblong or

oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2-7 cm long, 1-2.5 cm broad, upper ap-

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENÜS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

125

proximate to rather distantly lower distantly spaccd, subdense, bran¬

ches often simple spikes, occasionally lower again branched into se-

veral simple spikes, patulous to subpatent, upper on shortly or very

shortlv lower on shortly to longly exserted peduncles ; lower pedun-

cles smooth, especially below, upper distinctly and scaberulous-angled,

especiallv above, ail rather slender but firm. Rhnchis of the secondary

panicles acutely and hispidulously angled. Bracts foliaceous but upper

much reduced, usuallv ail exceeding some rarely exceeded by, the

stem, lower longly to very longly, upper longly to shortly, sheathing ;

sheaihs membranous, brown, glabrous to hispidulous, and concave at

the mouth. Spikes cylindric, but male part the more slender and tape-

ring at the apex, 5-15 mm long, subdense-flowered, patulous, beco-

ming patent, male and female parts usually about equal in length,

sometimes male part considerably the longer. Rracteoles glumiform,

inidrib excurrent in a long (up to 5 mm or more) filiform, hispidulous,

often curved awn. Female glames more or less oblong, oblong-ovate,

or lanceolate, cymbiform, margins often involute, apex truncate to

rotund, sometimes bilobed-emarginate, less commonly subacute to

subobtuse, 2-3.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, usually glabrous but some¬

times sparsely hispidulous towards the apex, castaneous above and on

the margins below, or stramineous with castaneous patches, whitish

stramineous below and usually in a narrow, central stripe above, mar¬

gins widely whitish-hyaline above, distinctly nervose, midrib, coales-

cing with 2 adjacent nerves above, excurrent in a widish, hispidulous

awn, 0.5-3.5 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid or broadlv ellipsoid to obovoid-

ellipsoid, rarely subglobose, subinllated and obscurely trigonous. faces

often concave below, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.25-2 mm broad, multinerved,

narrowly marginate, glabrous, sometimes slightly scurfy, margins

sometimes sparsely hispidulous at the apex, usually straight or

straightish, rarely slightly lient, patulous to subpatent, not or very

shortly stipitate, subabruptly beaked ; beak subtercte or coinpressed,

1.5-2 mm long, narrowly marginate, glabrescent to sparsely hispidu-

Ious-inargined, straight, rarely slightly twisted ; mouth castaneous,

oblique, forming an acuminate, acute, whitish-hyaline, erose apex.

Achene broadly ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, angles pale, promi¬

nent, especially medianly, faces rather concave, especially below,

2.25-3 mm long, 1.25-1.8 mm broad, becoming very dark brown,

abruptly extremely shortly stipitate, abruptly very shortly beaked ;

beak cylindric, apex slightly expanding, discoid-annulate. Style-base

slightly thickened pyramidally.

Lower Burma : Tenasserim, 1837, Helfer, Kew distrib. No. 6052

(Iv) ! ; 6087 (K) ! ; Mergui, Griffith 1011, Kew distrib. No. 6135

(K) ! ; Mergui, Little Tenasserim River, sea level, 26 Jan. 1928, Sukoe

7618 (K) !.

Thailand : Schmidt.

Tongking : Tranninh Prov., Ban Sot, pine-forest on clay,

± 1200 m, April 1932, Petelot 6138 (P) ! Long-tchéou, Simond.

Source : MNHN, Paris

126

E. NELMES.

Annam : Nha-trang and vicinity, 11-26 Mardi 1911, Robinson

1939 (K, P) !

Cambodia : Kamchay, 26 Feb. 1896, Hahn (P) ! ; Kampot, open

forest, common, 20 Jan. 1904, Geoffroy 368 (P) !

Cochin China : 1862-66, Thorel 513 (K, P) ! ; forests, 16 April

1866, Pierre. (BM, P) ! ; Wnrburg.

India, Malaysia, Solonion Islands, New Caledonia, Fiji, Queens¬

land.

This species was misidentified by Boott (Illustr., 2 : 87, tt. 251,

254 : 1860) as C. indica L. Others since and following Boott hâve also

confused these two plants, so that the known area of C. dietrichioe has

expandcd while that of C. indien has shrunken.

Sect. 7. Cruciatae (C. B. Clarke) Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 275 (1951)

ISeries] Cruciatae C. B. Clarke in Jonrn. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 : 4 (1904).

Secondary panicles single or binate. Spikes numerous or very

numerous. Female glumes pale with more or less reddish or casta-

neous Unes or flecks. Utricles sometimes with spongy-thickened ner-

ves. Achenes more or less ellipsoid or ellipsoid-obovoid, angles promi¬

nent, not centrally thickened, beak and or stipe straight or sometimes

lient, apex not discoid-annulate. Style -base more or less thickened.

Female glumes glabrous ; utricles subinflated and obscurely tri-

gonus, glabrous, nerves spongy-thickened .... 30. C. cruciata.

Female glumes (lower) hispidulous ; utricles not inflated but dis-

tinctly trigonous, hispidulous above, nerves not spongy-thic¬

kened :

Leaves 7-17 mm wide ; panicle 12-55 cm long ; utricles ellip¬

soid, 2-3.75 mm long, not or scarcely spongy-thickened at

the base . 28. C. condensata.

Leaves 4.5-6 mm wide ; panicle 7-12 cm long ; utricles oblong-

ellipsoid, 3.75-4 mm long, extremelv spongy-thickened at

the base . 29. C. spongocrepis.

28. Carex condensata Nees.

Carex condensata Nees in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 123 (1834) ;

Boott, Illustr. 2 : 86, tt. 247-249 (1860) ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl.

Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 190, fig. 27 (1-4) (1912). — India, Royle 83.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome shortly, often curved or obliquely cree-

ping. Stems erect, 55-110 cm tall, 2-4 mm thick below, smooth up to

the rhachis, which is sparsely to densely hispidulous, at least on its

branches, surrounded, below the leaves, by a few reddish cataphvlls

Source : MNHN, Paris

THF. GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

127

or their fibrous remains. Leaves mostly subbasal but 2-3 spaced higher

on the stem, shorter than the stems, lower shorter bladed, 7-17 mm

wide, fiat or flattish, margins sometimes revolute, apices longly atte-

nuated ; sheaths of the lower leaves often reddish. Inflorescence a

compound often much interrupted panicle, occupying the upper 12-

55 cm of the stem ; secondary paniclcs 2-7, at 2-5 nodes, sometimes ail

single but usually binate at middle nodes, more or Iess oblong-lanceo-

late to pyramidal in outline, erect or suberect, 3-9 cm long, 1.5-5 cm

broad, upper subapproxiinate or more distant but usually subfastigiate,

lower distant or very distant, more or less dense, lower and middle

branches again branched once or twice into simple spikes, upper spikes

simple, patulous to patent, lower panicles usually on longly or very

longly, upper on scarcely to shortlv, exserted peduncles ; peduncles

sometimes smooth, at least below, otherwise more or less scabrous-

hispid. Brncts of the lower panicles foliaceous and shorter to longer

than the wholc inflorescence, rather longlv or longly sheathing, upper

bracts subfoliaceous, shortly sheathing ; sheaths often yellowish at the

nodes. Spikes 4-10 min long, subdense-flowered, male part slightly to

much longer than the female part. Bracteoles glumiform with a short

to very long, ciliolate-hispidulous, often curved awn. Female plumes

ovate, cymbiform, apex more or less obtuse, 1.75-3 mm long, 1 25-

1.75 mm wide, lower often hispidulous, upper glabrous, pale with fer-

rugineous lines and flecks, nervose, midrib coalcscing with tw r o adja¬

cent nerves above and extending to the apex, sometimes excurrent in

a smooth or hispidulous mucro up to about 0.75 mm long. Utricles

ellipsoid, 2-3.75 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, obscurely to distinctly few-

or plurinerved, narrowly marginate, more or less denselv hispidulous

above, glabrous or glabrescent be!ow r or at the base, straight or slightly

curved becoming patulous or subpatent, scarcely or very shortly stipi-

tate, suhabruptly beaked ; beak not or gradually tapering, plano-

convex, 0.5-1 mm long, narrowly marginate, glabrescent to sparsely

hispidulous, bidenlate ; moulh scarcely oblique ; teeth rather lobe-

like. Achene ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, angles prominent, 1.75-2 mm

long, 0.8-1.25 mm broad, becoming brownish, not stipitate, scarcely

or very shortly and obten bent-beaked. Style- base slightly thickened.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, 1710 m.. open

grassy jungle, 7 Aug. 1910, Kerr 1300 (BM, K) ! ; Doi Intanon, Pah

Agaem, north peak, 2205 m., 22 Oct. 1910, Garrett 81 (K)! ; Doi Inta¬

non, Pah Agaem, c. 2100 m., clumps on open ridge, 17 July 1922,

Kerr 6308 (BM, K, P) !

Tongking : Mt. Bavi, near the Black River, Don-son, Ouonbi,

Balansa (P). Chapa ; July 1930, about 1500 m., Petelot 5492 (P)!

• India.

This species is treated by Krtkenthal (in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 :

266 : 1909) as a synonym of C. cruciata Wahlenb.

Source : MNHN, Paris

128

E. NELMES.

29. Carex spongocrepis Nelmes.

Carex spongocrepis Nelmes, sp. nov. ; affinis C. condensatae Nees,

sed foliis nngustioribus, paniculis brevioribus, utriculis oblongo-ellip-

soideis majoribus basi spongioso-incrnssatis differt. — Thailand, Put

3352.

Rhizome unknown. Stems erect, angles obtuse, 35-55 cm tall,

2-3 mm thick below, smooth except on the rhachis which is scabrous-

hispidulous on the angles. Leaues basal and subbasal and also occur-

ring, though more longlv spaced, throughout the stem, mostly excee-

ding or far exceeding the stem, 4.5-6 mm wide, fiat or flattish, apices

longlv attenuated ; sheaths glabrous, brown and lower membranous

at the concave mouth. Inflorescence an erect, terminal, continuous or

slightly interrupted compound rather broad panicle, 7-12 cm long ;

secondnrg panicles 2-3, single, oblong-pyramidal, 3-7 cm long, 2.5-5 cm

broad, at approximate or subapproximate nodes and mostly fastigiate,

rather dense, lower branches again once or twice branched into

spikes, upper ones once branched or unbranchcd simple spikes, patu-

lous to patent, upper on scarcely or shortly lower on shortly to longly

exserted peduncles ; peduncles obtusely or obscurely angled, rather

slender, smooth. Bracts foliaceous, lower moderately exceeding upper

much reduced and not exceeding lhe inflorescence, lower rather longly

upper rather shortly sheathing ; sheaths similar to the leaf-sheaths.

Spikes 7-10 mm long, subdense-flowered, male part longer than the

female part. Rracteoles glumiform, mostly straight to curved-aristate.

Female glumcs ovate-acuminate, cymbiform, apex acute to obtuse,

2.5-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, lower sparsely and minutely scurfy-

setulose, upper quite glabrous, palish or very light brown with streaks

and flushes of cîarker reddish-brown, distinctlv nervose, midrib pro¬

minent, sometimes excurrent in a sparsely hispidulous mucro up to

0.5 mm long. Utricles narrowly oblong-ellipsoid, distinctly but obtu¬

sely angled, 3.75-4 mm long, 0.9-1 mm broad, nerveless on the centre

of the dorsal face, otherwise obscurely pluri-nerved, narrowly margi-

nate, usually sparsely scurfv-setulose above, and on the margins from

above half-wav upwards, infrequently glabrescent, straight or slightly

recurved, becoining patulous, dull lightish brown with darker reddish-

brown patches, extremely spongy-thickened below, not stipitate, gra-

dually beaked ; beak plano-convex, gradually tapering, 1-1.5 mm long,

narrowly marginate, glabrous above, sparsely setulose-margined

below, bidentate ; mouth ventrally oblique ; teeth straight, lobe-like.

Achene ellipsoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, prominently angled, 2-2.25 mm

long (including stipe and beak), 0.9-1 mm broad, dark nut-brown,

scarcely or very shortly pale-stipitate, shortly (0.2-0.4 mm) pale bea¬

ked, beak often somewhat bent, apex often slightly swollen. Stgle-

base somewhat bulbously thickened.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chienginai, Doi Nang Ka, 4 Nov. 1930,

Put 3352 (K) !

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CARKX IN INDO-CHINA.

129

30. Carex cruciata Wahlenb.

Carex cruciata Wahlenb. in Vet. Akad. Handl. Stockholm, 24 :

149 (1803) ; C. B. Clarke, 9 ; Kükenth., 185 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte.

Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 189, fig. 27 (5-9) (1912) ; Nelmes, 277 —

China, Wannman (ex Herb. Bergiano).

Carex cruciata Wahlenb. var. argocarpus C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.,

Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 716 (1894). — India, «abundant».

Loosely tufted. Rhizome shortly and often curved or obliquely

creeping. Stems erect, angles obtuse to subacute, prominent, faces flat-

tish, 50-135 mm tall, 2-4.5 mm thick below, smooth, surrounded,

below the leaves, by a few more or less entire, dark-reddish or vina-

ceous cataphylls and the brownish-fuscous remains of old leaf sheaths.

Leaves mostlv basal but also spaced above on the stem, usuallv soine

much exceeding the stem, lower shorter bladed, 6-14 mm wide, flattish-

plicate, margins sometimcs slightly revolute, sometimes slightlv sep-

tate-nodulose in places, long-sheathing, apex longly attenuated ; sheaths

of the lower leaves brown, dull reddish, or dull vinaceous to fuscous,

mouth concave, dark brown. Inflorescence a compound panicle, con-

tinuous above, usually interrupted below. occupying the upper 14-

58 cm of the stem ; secondarg panicles 3-11, at 3-8 nodes, often ail

single but sometimes binate at middle nodes, upper difficult to dis-

tinguish from one another, more or less oblong-lanceolate to subpvra-

midal in outline, erect to patulous, 3.5-11 cm long, 2-5 cm broad, upper

subapproximate to rather distantly spaced but usually fastigiate or

subfastigiate, lower distant to very distant, lax to dense, lower

branches again branched once or twice into simple spikes, patulous

to patent, upper simple spikes, lower panicles on usually longly or

very longly, upper on scarccly to shortly, exserted peduncles ;

peduncles with angles usually acute and scabrid, sometimes obtuse

and smooth. Rhachis of the main axis above, and of the secondary

panicles, hispidulous on the angles, which are acute. Bracts foliaceous

but upper reduced, slightly to much exceeding the stem, upper shortly

or rather shortly lower longly or rather longly sheathing ; sheaths

often somewhat golden at the nodes. Spikes 5-14 mm long, subdense-

flowered, male part about as long as or longer than the female part.

Bracteoles glumiform, midrib excurrent in a long, ciliolate-hispidu-

lous, often curved awn. Female glumes ovate to widely ovate, or trian-

gular-ovate, sometimes acuminate, deeply cyinbiform, margins some-

times involute, apex acute to very obtuse, 1.75-3 mm long, 1.25-2 mm

wide, glabrous, pale to light brown with castaneous or darker brown

patches. Unes, and flecks, margins paler and erose, nervose, midrib

and 2 adjacent nervcs coalescing above and extending to the apex in a

firm tip or excurrent in a smooth or scabridulous awn up to 1 mm

long. Utricles ovoid, ellipsoid-obovoid or almost subglobose, subin-

flated, 2.8-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, with spongy-thickened and

few nerves on each face, scarcely to narrowly marginate, glabrous,

straightish, patulous to patent, base usually very short, spongy, bul-

Source : MNHN, Paris

130

E. NELMES.

bous, stipe-like, apex subabruptly beaked ; beak compressed to terete,

1-1.5 mm long, narrowly marginate, glabrous or sparsely scarberulous-

margined, iisuallv straight, sometimes slightly twisted, bidentulate ;

mouth dorsallv oblique ; leetb often light reddish, whitish-hyaline

lipped. Achene ellipsoid, angles prominent, faces flattish or shallowly

concave, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm broad, olive-brown to blackish,

angles sometimes paler, not or scarcely beaked, scarcely to very

shortly, sometimes somewhat bent-stipitate. Style- base thickened.

Thailand : N. E. Thailand ; Loie, Phu Krading, in open pine

forest, common, 1300 m., 14 June 1952, Dee 572 (R. Forest Dept. No.

7696) (K) !

Tongking : Mt. Bavi, Balansn 222 ; sides of the torrent of Ouonbi,

12 Sept. 1885, Balansn 223 (P) ! ; Mt. Bavi, grassy slopes, 15 Nov. 1888,

Balansn 2816 (K, P) ! ; Cho-bo, Black River, in the forest, 16 Nov.

1887, Balansn 2817 (I\, P) ! ; Dong Tom, near the rocks of Notre

Dame, Black River, on the uncultivated slopes, 9 Jan, 1889, Balansa

2818 (P) ! ; Mt. Bavi, Balansa 2819 ; Long-Tchéou, « reçues le 14 fév.

1911 », Simond (P.) ! ; Chapa, «reçu le 11 Jan. 1912», Hautefeuille

66,209 (P) ! ; Lao-Kav prov., road from Lao-Kay to Muong-xen,

700 m., 4 Dec. 1913, Chevalier 29,295 (P) ! ; Chapa, 1500-1800 m.,

July 1930, Petelot 5503 (P) ! ; Moncay prov., forest of the pointed

Pagoda Tien Yen, near paths, 27 Aug. 1932, Rothé 35 (K, P) !

Annam : Muh Thuan prov., Langbian, Eberhardt 1860 (P) ! ;

Haut Donai, Bi-Doup massif, on summit among pines, at more than

2000 m., 25 Aug. 1940, Poilane 30,247 (K, P) ! ; north of Dalat and of

Haut Donai prov., in humid soil, 1500 m., 10 Sept. 1940, Poilane

30,342 (P) !

Cambodia : Pua Quac massif. Nam Kep, on decomposed schists,

900 m., July 1922, Petelot 600 (P) !

India, China, Japan, Malaysia.

1 hâve not seen the Geoffroy plant from Kampot, Cambodia,

which is cited in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chinc, 7 : 190 (1912) as

C. cruciata Wahlenb. f. glanca Boeck. apud O. Kuntxc. Lecomte also

refers to « Cochinchine : Cai cong ( Pierre, Thorel) » under C. cru¬

ciata Wahlenb. These collections are unknown to me. Finally, in the

Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, C. cruciata var. argocarpus C. B. Clarke is made

to represent certain Indo-Chinese specimens. Until the Indian Carices

are investigated I prefer to follow Kükenthal in regarding this « va-

riety » as synonymous with the species.

Sect. 8. Filicinae (C. B. Clarke) Nelmes

in Reinwnrdtia, 1 : 286 (1951).

[Sériés] Filicinae C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 37 : 4

(1904).

Secondary panicles often binate. Spikes numerous or very nume-

rous. Female glumes reddish or castaneous. Utricles usually more or

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

131

less nerved, reddish or castaneous, or palish with reddish or casta-

neous flecks or patches, mouth usually dorsally oblique. Achene

usually ellipsoid, angles prominent, not centrally thickened, beak and

stipe often inore or less bent, apex not discoid-annulate. Style- base

scarcely or slightly thickened.

Leaves 2-8 (10) mm wide, utricles hispidulous above .

. 31. C. continua.

Leaves 7-20 mm wide ; utricles glabrous. 32. C. filicina.

31. Carex continua C. B. Clarke.

Carex continua C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 717

(1894) ; C. B. Clarke, 11 ; Kükenth., 281 ; Nelmes, 299. — India.

Wallich, C. B. Clarke.

Carex plebeia C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 718 (1894) ;

Nelmes in Kcw Bull. 1946 : 22, 24 (1946). — India, C. B. Clarke

(4 gatherings).

Carex continua C. B. Clarke var. plebeia (C. B. Clarke) Kükenth.

in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 282 (1909).

Loosely tufted. Rhizome very short. Stems erect, angles obtuse,

faces flattish or shallowly concave, 35-70 cm tall, 1-2.75 mm thick

below, smooth, including the lower part of the rhachis, surrounded,

below the leaves, by palish to blackish-red sheaths or their fibrous

remains. Leaves basal, and 1-2 higher on the stem, shorter to longer

than the stem, 2-8 (10 mm) wide, fiat or flattish, apices longly atte-

nuated ; sheaths short, often blackish-red at the concave mouth and

sometimes down the front. Inflorescence a compound, interrupted

panicle, occupying the upper 13-20 cm of the stem ; secondary pani¬

fies 5-9, single, middle ones rarely binate, at 5-7 nodes, erect or sub-

erect, oblong or pyramidal-oblong in outline, 1.5-7 cm long, 1-4.5 cm

broad, upper subapproximate, on rather shortly to scarcely exserted

peduncles, lower rather distant, on shortly to longly exserted pedun-

cles, upper branches simple spikes, middle and lower ones again

branched into 3-8 simple spikes, rather lax, branches and spikes

becoming patent ; peduncles slender, smooth, or scabrid on the angles

above. Rhachis of the secondary panicles sparsely hispidulous on the

angles below, usually densely hispidulous above. Bracts foliaceous,

cqualling to much excceding the apex of the stem, upper very shortly

to shortly sheathing, lower rather longly to longly sheathing ; sheaths

of the lower bracts glabrous, mouth, or sometimes the whole front

blackish-red, sometimes pale, upper often minutely hispidulous,

especially near the concave mouth. Spikes 4-9 mm long, subdense-

flowered, male and female parts about equal in length. Bracteoles

glumiform, awn straight to curved, 3-5 mm long. Female glumes

ovate, cymbiform, apex obtuse to very obtuse, 1.25-3 mm long,

1-1.75 mm wide, usually glabrous but sometimes minutely hispidulous

Mémoires nu Muséum. — Botanique, t. IV. 10

Source : MNHN, Paris

132

E. NELMES.

above, light castaneous with darker streaks, margins narrowly to

widely whitish-hyaline, becoming erose towards the apex, slenderly

nervose, midrib sometiines excurrent in a sinooth to minutely hispi-

dulous-margined awn up to 0.75 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid, ellipsoid-

obovoid, or oblong-obovoid, distinctly trigonous, faces flattish, 3-4.25

mm long, 0.8-1 mm broad, ventrally 4-6-nerved, dorsally 6-10-nerved,

narrowly marginate, glabrous below, and over the centre of the dorsal

face, otherwise sparsely hispidulous, or hispidulous only along several

nerves above, somewhat reflexed or recurved, less often straight,

becoming patulous to subpatent, grey-green or stramineous below,

reddish spots or reddish-brown above, base spongy-thickened, scarcely

or bulbously stipitate, subgradually beaked ; beak tapering, trigonous

or compressed, 1-1.25 mm long, narrowly marginate, hispidulous-

margined, bidentate ; mouth slightly oblique ; teeth straight or

slightly converging, apices often whitish-hyaline. Achene ellipsoid,

angles prominent, faces flattish to concave, 1.75-2.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm

broad, straight or slightly curved, becoming dark brown, angles

sometimes rather pale, shortly stipitate and beaked ; beak bent or

straight. Style rather slender, base slightly thickened.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, 330-540 m, in

deciduous jungle, 21 July 1910, Kerr 1268 (BM, K, P) ! ; ibid., 450 m,

in deciduous jungle, 26 Aug. 1911, Kerr 1977 (BM, K) ! — S.W. Thai¬

land ; Kanburi, near Neeckey, and Wangka, in bamboo grove, 4 May

1946, Wichian (Kwae Noi River Basin Exp. 1946, No. 326) (K) ! ;

Kanburi, Hindat, about 160 km north-west of Kanburi, dry mixed

forest, gravel-like soil or rocks, 100-150 m, 24-25 July 1946, Koster-

mans (Kwae Noi River Basin Exp. 1946, No. 1338) (BOG) !

Laos : Massie (« Entrées le 30 avril 1895 ») (P) !

Cochin China/Laos : Counillon (« Reçu en Juillet 1897 ») (P) !

India, Upper Burma, China, Philippine Islands, Moluccas.

I hâve decided to sink the Thailand plant hitherto deterinined

as C. plebeia C. B. Clarke under C. continua C. B. Clarke. It differs

from C. continua in smaller and more dense secondary panicles and

in slightly larger glumes and utricles. The (true) Indian C. plebeia

C. B. Clarke is still nearer to C. continua and cannot, as I now think,

be specifically separated from it.

32. Carex filicina Nees.

Carex filicina Nees in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 123 (1834) ; Boott,

Illustr. 3 : 105, tt. 311-312 (1862) ; C. B. Clarke, 11 ; Kükenth., 274 ;

E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 191 (1912) ;

Nelmes, 304. — India, Wight.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short, not creeping. Stems erect, angles

obtuse to acute, 70-160 cm tall, 2.5-6 mm thick near the base, smooth,

including the rhachis below. Leaves basal, and several evenly spaced

on the stem above, not exceeding the stem, 7-12 mm wide, fiat or

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-GHINA.

133

flattish, soinetimes slenderly septate - nodulose in places, longly

sheathing, few lower reduced to vinaceous, reddish, or blackish-red

cataphylls ; sheaths brownish-membranous at the mouth, glabrous,

lower often vinaceous, reddish, or reddish-nerved, front fraying into

fibres, upper often pale yellowish towards and at the nodes. Inflo¬

rescence a conipound, continuous or interrupted panicle, occupying

the upper 15-60 cm of the stem ; secondary panicles 5-13, single and

(middle ones) binate, at 4-8 nodes, lanceolate, oblong-lanceolate, or

pyramidal in outline, 4-12 cm long, 2-5.5 cm broad, dense or sublax,

few or many lower branches again (or twice) branched into 2-7 simple

spikes, upper unbranched (simple) spikes, branches and spikes pa-

tulous to patent, upper at subapproximale or distant nodes, lower

distant or remote, upper subsessilc or on shortly, lower on shortly

to very longly, unequally exserted peduncles ; peduncles slender,

lower smooth below, otherwise hispidulous, especially on the angles.

Rhachis smooth below, hispidulous above and on the rhachis of the

secondary panicles. Brncts foliaceous, lower mostly shorter but some

equalling or slightly exceeding the inflorescence, ail longer than their

own panicles, longly to very longly sheathing, upper much reduced ;

sheaths as those of upper leaves. Spikes 4-15 mm long, subdensc to

lax-flowered, male part equalling to much shorter than the female

part. Bracteoles glumiform, midrib excurrent in a short and straight,

or long and curved or flexuous, hispidulous awn. Female glumes ovate

to lanceolate, shallowly cymbiform, apex usually obtuse but sometimes

acute, 1.5-2 mm long, 0.6-1.4 mm wide, light reddish, sometimes

flecked darker red, to ferrugineous, margins not whitish-hyaline,

glabrous to hispidulous, very slenderly multinerved, midrib slender,

sometimes glabrous to hispidulous, pale, not or extending to the apex,

not excurrent. Utricles ellipsoid, 3-5 mm long, 0.6-1 mm broad, conspi-

cuously multinerved, glabrous, patulous to patent, not or scarcely

marginate, straightish to recurved, pale green to stramineous, often

with reddish patches, somewhat spongy-thickened at the base, scarcely

to very shortly stipitate, subabruptly beaked ; beak subterete, 1.5-2

mm long, scarcely marginate, scarcely to slightly tapering, glabrous,

rarely very sparsely hispidulous-margined, reddish ; mouth very

oblique. Achene ellipsoid, 1.5-1.75 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm broad, scarcely

or shortly and sometimes bent-beaked and -stipitate ; beak slightly

thickened at the apex. Style- base slightly thickened.

Tongking : north of the station of Cho-bo, Balansa ; Chapa ;

c. 1500 m, Nov. 1924, Petelot 1744 (P) ! ; ibid., c. 1900 m, Aug. 1930,

Petelot 5479 (P) ! ; ibid., clayey slope in forest, c. 1500 m, Aug. 1931,

Petelot 5502 (P) !

Laos : Pakson Plateau, Boloven, margin of a pond, 1200 m., 26

Nov.'1938, Poilane 28,616 (P) ! ; [without précisé locality] Massie.

Annam : Massif of Lang-Bian, Ankroët waterfall, near Dankia,

margins of cascades, 1400 m, 14 Feb. 1914, Chevalier 30,757 (P) '

India, China, Japan.

Source : MNHN, Paris

134

E. NELMES.

E. G. Camus, in Lecomte, FI. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 192 (1912), has

identified a Kcrr gathering from « Xieng-mai », Thailand, as C. fïli-

cina var. meiogyna Strachey. I hâve not seen this plant, unless it is a

misidentification of C. plebeia C. B. Clarke. In any case, Strachey’s

variety is in my opinion of doubtful independent status.

The following species is very immature but seems to belong to

Sect. Filicinae.

Carex sp. — Thailand : Chiengmai, Doi Pha Khao, south slope

near surnmit, 1780 m, 8 Aug. 1931, Garrett 682 (K) !

Tongking : Massif of Tam Dao, ± 900 m, Jan. 1922, Petelot 327

(P) !

Sect. 9. Polystachyae Tuckerm.,

Enum. Meth. 10 (1843).

Stems very tall, stoul, smooth. Leaves with reddish or vinaceous

sheaths which split into herring-bone shaped fibres in front. Secondarij

panicles single. Spikes numerous to very numerous, 1-8 cm long, cy-

lindric. Female glumes castaneous, with wide whitish-hyaline margins.

Utricles subabruptly or abruptly beaked.

Utricles inflated, glabrous except the margins at thc apex.

. 33. C. baccans

Utricles not inflated, hispidulous . 34. C. mgosurus.

33. Carex baccans Nees.

Carex baccans Nees in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 122 (1834' ;

Boott, Illustr. 2 : 83, t. 234-236, 238, 239 (1860) ; C. B. Clarke, 14 ;

Kükenth., 258, fig. 39, E-H ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-

Chine, 7 : 185, fig. 26 (5-10) (1912) ; Nelmes, 322. — India, Wight 1912.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect, angles prominent,

often subacule, 60-150 cm tall, 4-5 mm or more thick below, smooth,

clothed at the base bv vinaceous to fuscous leaf-sheaths, splitting at

the front into herring-bone shaped fibres. Leaves subbasal and at

intervals throughout the stem, some, at least, exceeding the stem,

4- 14 mm wide, usually with more or less revolute margins, sometimes

llattish, upper surface scabrous-papillose above, apices longly atte-

nuated. Inflorescence a compound, interrupted panicle, occupying the

upper third to more than half of the stem ; secondary panicles about

5- 7, upper not often easily distinguishable from one another, erect

or suberect, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid. 5-30 cm long, 3-5 cm thick,

upper approximate, forming a more or less dense head, lower distant

or remote from one another, becoming dense, lower and middle

branches simple or spikes again branched into 2-10 mostly simple

spikes, upper spikes unbranched, peduncles of upper panicles usually

wholly included in sheaths, lower shortly to very longly exserted ;

peduncles smooth or obscurely and slightly scaberulously angled.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CA H EX IN INDO-CHINA.

135

Rhachis of the secondary panicles obscurely and sinoothly to acutely

and scaberulously angled. Bracls (lower) foliaceous, usually exceeding

the stem, longlv to very longly sheathing, upper much reduced, sub-

setaceous, extending up to or slightly exceeding the apex of the stem,

sheathing ; sheaths glabrous, upper brown near the whitish-hyaline

mouth. Spikes 2-6 cm long, subdense-flowered, suberect to subpatent,

female part longer to shorter than the male part. Bracteoles glumi-

form, sometimes shortly aristate. Cladoprophylls utriculiform. Female

glumes ovate, oblong-ovate or oblong, cymbiform, apex subacute to

obtuse, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.8-2.25 mm wide, glabrous or less frequently

hispidulous, nervose, midrib froin failing to extend to the apex to

excurrent in a scaberulous mucro. Utricles ellipsoid, obovoid, or sub-

globose, inflated and obscurely trigonous, 3.5-4.25 mm long, 1.75-2.5

mm broad, strongly nervose, narrowly marginate, glabrous except for

the minutely hispidulous margins al the apex, apex usually becoming

curved, patulous to patent, dull yellowish-green below at first but

sometimes becoming reddish, reddish to blackish-red above, scarcely

to very shortly stipitate ; beak subterele or compressed, usually minu¬

tely scaberulous - margined, bidentate ; teeth straight or slightly

diverging. Achene ellipsoid, angles prominent, faces flattish or

shallowly concave, 2.75-3 mm long, 1-1.25 mm broad, becoming dark

brown to fuscous, usually shortly and bent-stipitate and beaked. Style

slender, short, base not thickened.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chiengmai, Doi Chiengdao, ± 1400 m,

in clumps on open grassy slopes, 6 Nov. 1922, Kerr 6620 (BM, K) ! ;

Doi Chiengdao, 14 Oct. 1926, Put 325 (BM, K) ! ; Doi Sutep, 14 Dec.

1904, Hosseus 255 (BM) !. — E. Thailand ; Korat, Kao Lem, 1200-

1300 m, open spaces in evergreen forest, 12 Jan. 1925, Kerr 9943

(BM, K) ! — Pen. Thailand ; Ranawng, Kao Pawta Chongdong,

± 900 m, evergreen forest, 21 Jan. 1929, Kerr 16792 (K) !

Tongking : sides of footpaths on Mt. Bavi, 18 Oct. 1887, Balansa

2813 (K, P) ! ; Chapa, « reçu en Jan. 1912 », Lecomte et Finet 501

(P) ! ; Hautefeuille ; Lao-Kay prov., Muong-Xen, 700 m, 4 Dec. 1913,

Chevalier 29,301 (P) ! ; bv paths in forest, Tarn Dao massif, ± 900 m,

Nov. 1930, Petelot 6114 (P) !

Laos : Saravane prov., summit of Pou Set, rock-fissures in forest,

1250 m, 23 Oct. 1928 Poilane 16,118 (K, P) !

Annam : Tourane, Jan. 1837, Gaudichaud 66 (P) ! ; Quang-nain

prov., Eberhardt 2442 (P) ! ; O. Kuntze.

India, Upper Burma, Formosa, China, Japan.

34. Caiex myosurus Nees.

Carex myosurus Nees in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 122 (1834)

(excl. pl. Népal.) ; Boott, Illustr. 2 : 82, tt. 229, 230, 232 (1860) ;

Kükenth., 258 ; Nelmes, 325. — India, Wight 1913.

Source : MNHN, Paris

136

E. NELMES.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome elongated but scarcely creeping Stems

60-200 cm tall, erect, 2-4 mm thick below, angles obtuse but prominent,

mainly smooth, clothed at the base by a few entire, reddish-brown to

blackish leaf-sheaths or their fuscous, fibrous remains. Leaves basal

and subbasal, and a few widely spaced on the stem above, some at

least equalling or even exceeding the stems, 5-10 mm wide, flattish

or sometimes revolute. Inflorescence cernuous or subcernuous, narrow

and interrupted, occupying the upper 25-100 cm of the stem ;

secondarij panicles 5-9, suberect to cernuous, more or less oblong or

oblong-lanceolate in outline, 6-25 cm long, 2-3 cm thick, upper ap-

proximate and fastigiate, lower distant to very distant from one

another, upper sessile or on shortly exserted peduncles, lower on

rather to very longly exserted peduncles, branches often again bran-

ched into 2-8 simple spikes, but sometimes ail except the lower and

uppermost branches in the form of simple spikes, suberect to pa-

tulous ; peduncles mainly scabrid or scaberulous. Rhachis of the main

and secondary panicles minutely scaberulous, at least above. Bracts of

the lower panicles foliaceous, mostly exceeding the apex of the stem,

upper bracts very much reduced, subfoliaceous or glumiform ; sheaths

also varying in length, the lowest being very long and the uppermost

very short, glabrous or sparsely hispidulous, nodes sometimes reddish-

brown. Spikes 1-8 cm long, the main spikes longer or much longer

than the latéral spikes, male and female parts often about equal in

length but sometimes terminal or main spikes almost wholly male,

sometimes some of the latéral spikes almost wholly female, subdense-

flowered. Bracteoles glumiform. Cladoprophylls in process of élimi¬

nation or transformation, hidden by the bracteole and squeezed

between it and the spike-axis, utriculi-ocreiform. Female glumes

oblong-obovate, oblong-ovate, or oblong with a rounded or subtrian-

gular apex, flattish to deeply cymbiform, apex acute to very obtuse,

2.5-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, glabrous, slenderly nervose, midrib

usually excurrent in an awn up to 1.5 mm long, smooth or minutely

hispidulous. Utricles ellipsoid, sometimes slightly obovoid-ellipsoid,

trigonous or subtrigonous, sometimes asymetrically, 3.25-4.75 mm

long, 1-1.6 mm broad, narrowly marginate, distinctly nervose, casta-

neous and subadpressed hispidulous above, straight or straightish,

subpatulous to patulous, the base cuneate and spongy stipitate ; beak

plano-convex or compressed, gradually tapering, 0.75-1 mm long,

narrowly marginate, hispidulous-margined, bidentate ; mouth not

oblique ; teeth smooth or minutely hispidulous, straight or slightly

diverging. Acliene ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, and sometimes slightly

obovoid, angles prominent, faces fiat to concave, 2-3 mm long, 0.7-1

mm broad, straight or straightish, becoming dark brown, scarcely to

shortly, straight to slightly bent-stipitate, abruptly beaked ; beak

short, straight to bent or curved. Style short, base not thickened.

Lower Burma : Pegu, Griffith ; Mergui, Griffith 118 (K) !

India, Malaysia.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENÜS CAKEX IN INDO-CHINA.

137

Subgenus 2. CAREX.

Key to the Sections.

Spike 1 . 10. Rhizopodae.

Spikes few to numerous :

Stigmas 2 ; utricles plano-convex or biconvex :

Bracts sheathing, lower usually longly sheathing ; spikes 1-5 or

more at each node ; utricles usually hispidulous. 13. Graciles.

Bracts wilhout sheaths ; spikes single at each node, rarely

binate ; utricles glabrous . 22. Praelongae.

Stigmas 3 ; utricles more or less trigonous :

Spikes androgynaeceous :

Stems arising from axils of leaves on a short undeveloped

shoot ; utricles and achenes concave-faceted .

. 14. Cryptostachgae.

Stems arising from the centre of the foliage leaves and deve-

loped from the shoot on which these are borne ; utricles and

achenes nol concave-faceted :

Spikes 5 - numerous from each node . 11. Decorae.

Spikes single or sometimes binate at each node :

Spikes 2-6, upper and lower single, usually binate at middle

nodes ; female glumes castaneous or ferrugineous. . . .

. 12. Borneënses.

Spikes 1-3 (4), single ; female glumes whitish-stramineous.

. 17. Radicales.

Terminal spike male, rarely gynaecandrous :

Spikes several to rather numerous from each node.

. 11. Decorae.

Spikes single at every node :

Utricles lageniform or rhomboid-lageniform ; achenes girdled

by a central transverse ridge. 15. Lageniformes.

Utricles not lageniform ; achenes not ridged :

Achenes with a mitrate or discoid-annulate apex.

. 16. Mitratae.

Achenes not mitrate nor discoid-annulate, except in C. ano-

mocarga (Sect. 18) :

Stems often latéral ; utricles very large (5.25-10.25 mm

long) ; achenes often medianly sunk into a cavity on

the angles . 18. Rhomboidales.

Stems central ; utricles smaller (3-6 mm long) ; angles of

achenes not sunk into a cavity :

Normal leaves numerous but ail on the upper part of

the stem, lower reduced to sheaths. 21. Scleriiculmes.

Normal leaves on the lower third except for 0-2 on the

upper part of the stem :

Male spikes 2-5 (7) ; utricles densely hispidulous

. 20. Hirtae.

Male spike 1 ; utricles glabrous.... 19. Tumidae.

Source : MNHN, Paris

138

E. NELMES.

Sect. 10. Rhizopodae Ohwi

in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto lmp. Univ., ser. B, 11 : 443 (1936).

Stems subflaccid, angles acute to narrowly winged and scaberu-

lous. Spikes solitary, androgynaeceous, more or less cylindric. Utricles

dislinctly trigonous, slenderly nervose, glabrous, pale greenish. beco-

ining patulous, apex of beak subentire or minutely toothed, mouth

very small, not oblique. Achene about half as long as the utricle. Stig¬

mas 3.

Only Indo-Chinese species . 35. C. petelotii

35. Carex petelotii Gross.

Carex petelotii Gross in Notizbl. Bol. Gart. Berl. 14 : 191 (1938) ;

Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 6, 25 (1946). — Tongking, Petelot 6125.

Densely tufted. Rhizome very short. Stems erect, 25-65 cm tall,

0.75-1 mm thick below, base clothed by reddish, entire or subentire

cataphvlls or leafless-sheaths. Leaues subbasal, clothing about the lo-

wer third of the stem, lower short-bladed, upper up to nearly as long

as the stem, 2-4 mm wide, fiat or flattish, apices longly attenuated ;

sheaths pale to reddish, membranous in front. Spike terminal, 1.5-3

cm long, male part 1-1.5 mm thick, female part becoming twice as

thick as the male on malurity, each part about equal in length, some-

times the male part shorter, sublax-flowered. Bract setaceous with a

glumiform base, up to half as long as the spike, or glumiform with

a long awn, functioning as a gluine, i. e. with a utricle in its axil.

Female glumes ovate or obiong-ovate, cymbiform to rigidly incurved

or subconduplicate, apex very obtuse to rounded, invariably about

3 mm long, about 2 mm wide, pale or sometiines slightly reddish-ful-

vous above, nerveless or very slenderly nervose, midrib and 2 obscure

adjacent nerves coalescing and excurrent in a smooth or minutely sca-

berulous awn, 1-2 mm long. Utricles narrowly ellipsoid or oblong-

ellipsoid, 5 (-6) mm long, 1.5 mm broad, narrowly marginate, straigh-

tish, shortly (about 0.4 mm) stipitate, subabruptlv beaked ; beak pla-

noconvex, scarcelv tapering, 0.6-0.8 mm long, pale. Achene ellipsoid,

angles prominent, face concave, 2.5 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, shortly

stipitate and beaked. Style- base scarcely thickened.

Tongking : Chapa, forest paths, about 1500 m., 25 April 1935,

Petelot 6125 (BOG) !

Sect. 11. Decorae (Kukenth.) Ohwi

in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto lmp. Univ. ser. B, 11 : 338 (1936).

Spikes usually in fascicles, simple or bearing smaller branch-

spikes, ali androgynaeceous or at least one in each fascicle often male

or female, lax-to subdense-flowered. Bracts sheathing. Female glumes

usually more or less dark reddish, sometimes fulvous, cataneous or

vinaceous, usually strongly incurved at the base. Utricles suberect

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAR EX IN INDO-CHINA.

139

to patulous, ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid but tapering at each end,

often dark reddish or with dark reddish patches ; benk long or very

long, apex usualiy bidentulate. Stigmas 3.

Upper spikes male, lower androgynaeceous or female (leaves 2.5-6 mm

wide) . 37. C. phacelostachys.

Ail spikes androgynaeceous :

Leaves about 4 mm wide ; awns of female glunies 1.5-4.5 mm long.

. 40. C. phgllocaula.

Leaves 5-16 mm wide ; awns of female glunies 0-1 mm long :

Spikes 2-6 cm long ; female glunies oblong-lanceolate ;

utricles 7.5-9 mm long . 38. C. vansteenisii.

Spikes 1-4 cm long ; female glunies ovate to ovate-oblong ;

utricles 3.5-6 mm long :

Secondary panicles 6-20 ; spikes 1-4 cm long ; female glumes

2.75-4 mm long . 39. C. tonkinensis.

Secondary panicles 6-7 ; spikes 1-1.8 cm long ; female glumes

5-6 mm long . 36. C. arridens.

In my Malaysian Carex Révision I left C. vansteenisii unattached

to any section and I placed C. tonkinensis rather hesitantlv in Sect.

Stramentitiae. They are now brought together here with C. phyllo-

caula, known only from an incomplète specimen, but this section may

well need modification when we understand these species better and

when missing links are discovered.

36. Carex arridens C. B. Clarke.

Carex arridens C.B. Clarke in Hook. f.. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 726 (1894) ;

C.B. Clarke, 13 ; Kükenth., 546 ; Nelmes, 333. — Lower Burma, Kurz;

Malay Peninsula, Knnstler.

Stem erect, 55 cm long, about 2 mm thick below, almost entirely

hidden, below the rhachis, by leaf-sheaths, smooth but sparsely sca-

berulous at the apex of the rhachis, clothed below the leaves at the

base by a few strongly nerved spadiceous cataphylls. Leaves about 10,

on the lower 10 cm of the stem, 40-70 cm long, 9-12 mm wide, but

lower few shorter and narrower, fiat or flattish, upper surface sca-

brid towards the apex, often inconspicuously septate-nodulose in pla¬

ces, apex shortlv to rather longly attenuated ; sheaths spadiceous,

strongly blackish-nerved, hispidulous on the dark reddish-brown or

spadiceous, membranous front. Inflorescence not fully developed, a

much interrupted, slender panicle, 30 cm long ; secondary inflores¬

cences 6-7, single except at a middlc node wherc binate, narrowly

oblong or oblong-lanceolate in outline, 2.5-5 cm long, 5-7 (-10) mm

broad, 2-3 upper approximate and fastigiale, remainder distant from

one another, each branched into 5-7 simple, sessile spikes, upper on

scarcely or shortlv exserted, lower on longly exserted, peduncles.

Rhachis of the secondary inflorescences smooth below, angles some-

times sparsely hispidulous above. Bracts foliaceous, lower much

Source : MNHN, Paris

140

F.. NELMES.

exceeding the stem, upper smaller, exceeding or exceeded bv the stem ;

shenths membranous, hispidulous and castaneous at the deeply con¬

cave to subtruncate mouth. Spikes erect to suberect, fastigiate or sub-

fastigiate, androgynaeceous, narrowly ellipsoid or cylindric-lanceolate,

1- 1.8 cm long, 1.5-2 mm thick (in flower), male part very much lon¬

ger than the female part. Bracleoles large and often longly awned

glumes, clasping the rhachis and base of spike. Cladoprophijlls oblong

with rounded upper corners, subutriculiform, about 4 mm long.

Female glumes ovate, deeply cymbiform, apex very obtuse, sometimes

bilobed-emarginate, 5-6 mm long, about 3 mm wide, nervose, sonie

nerves vinaceous, midrib reddish, coalescing with 2 adjacent vina-

ceous nerves above, and excurrent from just below the wide whitish

apical margin in a minutely hispidulous awn, up to 0.5 mm long.

Utricles very undeveloped, up to 6 mm long and 1.5 mm broad, stron-

gly plurinerved, narrowly marginate, hispidulous, especially on the

margins, gradually tapering above into a beak which is very long,

hispidulous ; teeth long, white, hispidulous.

Lower Burma : Pegu ; Nattoung, 1200 m., Kurz.

Malay Peninsula.

The following immature plants are placed here with some doubt :

Annam : Kountuin prov. ; Nui Dai Ding, near Dak Gley, among un-

derwood, in poor granitic soil in ancien! forest, 1300-1400 m., 21 Jan.

1947, Poilane 32,828, 32,843 (PI!

37. Carex phacelostachys Nelmes.

Carex phacelostachgs Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1950 : 195 (1950) ;

Nelmes, 344. — Malay Peninsula, H. C. Robinson.

Tufted. Rhizome oblique, shortly creeping, slender, clothed with

short, strongly nerved, brown scales. Stems erect or suberect, apex

apparently somewhal cernuous, 30-50 cm tall, about 1.5 mm thick

below, smooth except at the sparsely scaberulous apex, often lar-

gely hidden by leaf-sheaths below the rhachis, surrounded at the base,

below the leaves, by a few reddish cataphvlls. Leaves mostly basai

and subbasal, but 1-several higher on the stem, mostly considerably

shorter than but a few about equalling the stem, 2.5-6 mm wide,

mainly fiat or flattish but upper margins sometimes revolute, upper

surface covered with minute rough protubérances towards the longly

attenuated apices ; shenths of the basal leaves membranous and often

reddish in front, concave and glabrous at the mouth. Inflorescence

a slender, continuous, or little interrupted panicle, occupying the

upper 24-27.5 cm of the stem, and consisting of 5-7 fascicles, each

consisting of 1-3 unequally peduncled spikes, the shortly peduncled

ones being simple but the longly peduncled ones often branched into

2- 6 simple spikes, upper fascicles approximate or subapproximate and

fastigiate or subfastigiate, lower rather distant but often subfastigiate.

Bracts of the lower fascicles foliaceous, much shorter than to slightly

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

141

exceeding the stem, upper bracts much reduced, subfoliaceous, fili-

forin, usually failing to reach but sometines slightly exceeding the

stem ; sheaths partly to wholly reddish and membranous. Spikes

straight and erect or suberect cxcept the uppermost and some of the

long ones which are sometimes subcernuous, those of the lower and

middle fascicles, if simple, wholly female, middle ones, if branched

or longly peduncled, androgynaeceous, upper spikes wholly male or

with a few female flowers at their bases, cylindric, 1-8 cm long, male

spikes and parts of spikes 1-2 mm thick, female ones 4-5 mm thick.

Bracteoles large tubular sheaths, clasping the bases of the spikes and

completely enclosing the. cladoprophylls. Cladoprophijlls 2-4.5 mm

long, more or less ocreiform, though subutriculiform below, apex

sometimes bilobed with 2 midribs. Female ylumes oblong-ovate or

oblong-lanceolate, cymbiform above, apex usually obtuse or very obtu¬

se but sometimes subacute, 4-6 mm long, about 2 mm wide, slenderly

nervose, midrib often palish, hispidulous towards the apex, excurrent

in an hispidulous awn, 0.25-1.5 mm long. Ulricles 5.5-5.75 mm long,

about 1 mm broad, 3-6 nerved on the angled dorsal and 2-5-nerved

on the ventral face, very narrowly marginate, glabrous, straight or

slightly and sometimes obliquely recurved, tapering below into a long,

spongy, stipe-like base, gradually to subgradually narrowing into a

beak above ; beak gradually tapering, concave-convex, narrowly mar¬

ginate, glabrescent to sparsely hispidulous-margined ; mouth ventral-

ly somewhat oblique ; teeth straight, whitish-hyaline, becoming erose.

Achene oblong-ellipsoid, sometimes oblong-obovoid, conspicuously an¬

gled, faces flattish, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.9 mm broad, tapering below,

not or scarcely stipitate, apex subrotund, crostrate. Style- base thicke-

ned.

Laos : Mt. Pu Bia, open space in evergreen forest, ± 2700 m.,

14 April 1932, Kerr 21,041 (K) !

Malay Peninsula.

38. Carex vansteenisii Kiikenth.

Carex vansteenisii Kükenth. in Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz., sér. 3,

16 : 320 (1940). — Sumatra, van Steenis 8461.

Rhizome short, stout. Stems erect, angles acute below, about 150-

160 cm tall, 3-4 mm thick below, smooth throughout, including the

rhachis, Leaves basal and subbasal, and 1-2 widely spaced above, hi-

ding much of the stem, and except a few short basal ones, long and

very long but shorter than the stem, 10-15 mm wide, fiat or flattish,

sometimes indistinctly septatc-nodulose ; sheaths short, spadiceous or

fuscous-nerved on the back, narrowly brown-membranous in front.

Inflorescence subnutant above, much interrupted, lax, compound-

paniculate, occupying the upper third or more of the stem, and com-

posed of 5-7 fascicles, each consisting of 2-3 unequally peduncled

spikes, the shorter one simple, but the longer 1-2 bearing 1-6 short

branching spikes, upper panicles subapproximate, or distant, lower

Source : MNHN, Paris

142

E. NELMËS.

distant or reniote from one another. Bracts of the lower panicles folia-

ceous, much shorter than the inflorescence, upper bracts much redu-

ced, subfoliaceous to setaceous ; sheaths brown-membranous at the

mouth. Spikes androgynaeceous, erect to subnutant, oblong-cylindric,

2-6 cm long, 5-8 mm thick, sublax-flowered, male part much shorter

than the female ; peduncles short to very long, slender, smooth. Brac-

teoles (at the base of the branch-spikes) long, glumiform, base am-

plexicaul. Female plumes oblong-lanceolate, apex acute or sometimes

obtuse and erose-ciliolate, 4.5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.75 mm wide, glabrous

or nearly so below, sparsely to subdensely subadpressed-hispidulous

above, nervose, midrib prominent, sometimes hispid towards the apex,

which is often excurrent in a flattish glabrous awn up to 1 mm long.

Utricles (not fully developed) oblong-fusiform or ellipsoid-lanceolate,

7.5-9 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, narrowly marginate, hispidulous,

sometimes glabrescent below, margins hispid, usually somewhat re-

curved, suberect to patulous, becoming light reddish-brown, 0.5-0.75

mm stipitate ; beak tapering, compressed-trigonous, 2-3 mm long, nar¬

rowly marginate, hispidulous, straightish, bilobed ; lobes straight or

converging. Achene (immature) ellipsoid-oblong or slightly oblong-

obovoid, faces flattish to concave, 3.5-4 mm long, 1-1.3 mm broad,

shortly stipitate, beak slightly to extremely bent, 0.3-0.4 mm long.

Style- base slightly thickened.

Laos : Mt. Pu Bia, in evergreen forest, 2200 m., 13 April 1932,

Kerr 21,015 (K) !

39. Carex tonkinensis Franch.

Carex tonkinensis Franch. in Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,

sér. 3, 8 : 251 (1896) ; Kükenth., 292 ; Nelmes, 254. — Tongking,

Balansa 2814.

Tufted. Rhizome stout, clothed with brown to fuscous sheathing

scales. Stems erect, angles acute above, 50-175 cm tall, 2.75-4 mm

thick below, smooth, including most of the rhachis. Leaves spaced

throughout and shorter than the stem, 5-16 mm wide, fiat or flattish,

sometimes slightly septate-nodulose, both surfaces sometimes bristly

above, sometimes transversely undulate towards the attenuated api-

ces ; sheaths glabrous or glabrescent below, setulose above, brown

in front. Inflorescence a rather slender, coinpound, interrupted pani-

cle, occupving the uper 30-103 cm of the stem ; secondary panicles

6-20, at 5-7 nodes, lower single, upper unequally binate or ternate,

5-9.5 cm long, upper approximate and subfastigiate, lower distant or

remote, upper spikes unbranched, lower again branched into 1-seve-

ral simple spikes, lower on Iongly or very longly, upper on scarcely

to Iongïy, exserted peduncles ; peduncles slender, angles obtuse and

smooth below, more acute and scaberulous above. Bracts foliaceous,

lower much exceeded by the stem, upper reduced but some slightly

exceeding the stem ; sheaths membranous, brown, hispidulous at the

mouth. Spikes androgynaeceous, rather numerous, slenderly cylindric,

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE G EN US CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

143

1-4 cin long, male part about as long as to considerably shorter than

the female. Bracteoles indistinguishable from the glumes or some-

times more longly awned. Female glumes ovate to more or less oblong,

cymbiform or flattish above, with a triangular to rounded apex, 2.75-4

mm long, 1.25-2.5 mm wide, stramineous to pale golden-brown, some-

times castaneous, with widelv whitish-hyaline margins above, espe-

cially round the ciliolate-erose apex, glabrous, or hispidulous above,

slenderly nervose, midrib, coalescing with 2 adjacent nerves above,

extending to the apex or excurrent from below it in a hispidulous mu¬

era or awn up to 1 mm long. Utricles narrowly ellipsoid or oblong-

ellipsoid to obovoid but tapering below, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 1-1.8 mm

broad, very narrowly marginate, base glabrescent, otherwise pale, his¬

pidulous, straight to slightly recurved, becoming patulous, strami-

neous-brown, base dark reddish-brown, scarcely to shortly stipitate ;

beak slightly tapering, 1-1.5 mm long, scarcely to narrowly marginate,

hispidulous below, glabrous or glabrescent above; lobes short, straight,

whitish-hyaline, becoming erose. Achene ellipsoid to obovoid but tape¬

ring below, angles conspicuous, faces flattish, 2.5-3 mm long, 1-1.75

mm broad, stramineous, becoming warm brown to blackish overlaid

pale-scurfy, base pale, not stipitate, apex slightly tapering, scarcely

to very shortly pale- and sometimes slightly bent-beaked. Style-base

sIightly^hickened.

Tongking : forests of Mt. Bavi, ± 900 m., 28 Oct. 1887, Balansa

2814 (P) ! Lang-son, d’Alleizette ; Massif of Nan Son, Jan. 1925, Pete-

lot 1754 (BOG) !

Annam : Dalat, Eléphant Mountain path, Prenh stream, 29 Nov.

1924, Evrard 1932 (K, P)!; summit of Nui Bach Ma high level station,

a Iittle south of Hué, rather poor schistous-clav soil, old forest, 1400-

1500 m., 9 Sept. 1938, Poilane 27,702 (K, P)!; boundary of the provin¬

ces of Quang-nam and Kontum ; between the villages Hoi of Mang-

lum and Tu-inh, in large forest, granitic soil, 1500-1800 m., 5 March

1941, Poilane 32,016 (K, Pi! Poilane 27,702 and 32,016 are doubtfully

placed here.

Sumatra, Bornéo.

40. Carex phyllocaula Nelmes.

Carex phyllocaula Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 21, 25 (1946). —

Thailand, Kerr 6615.

Tufted. Rhizome absent. Stems apparently very long (lower part

unknown), smooth, leafy. Leaves unknown except 2-3 in the upper

part of the stem, below the inflorescence, which are 10-15 cm apart,

extending up to the apex of the inflorescence, about 4 mm wide, flat¬

tish, apex longly attenuated ; sheaths tight, smooth. Inflorescence a

terminal, rather lax and slender, compound panicle, interrupted be¬

low, continuous above, 24-26 cm long ; secondary panicles erect or

suberect, 7 or 8, single, 2-10 cm long, lowest 1-2 distant, remainder

Source : MNHN, Paris

144

E. NELMES.

subapproximate and fastigiate, lower on longly or very longly exser-

ted peduncles, upper scarcely to shortly peduncled, branches in the

form of simple spikes or lower sometimes bearing also 1-2 latéral

spikes ; peduncles slender, smooth. Rhachis of the main and secon-

dary panicles smooth, or minutely scaberulous on the angles. Bracts

mostly slightly exceeding the whole inflorescence, lower foliaceous,

upper much reduced. Spikes rather numerous, androgynaeceous, slen-

derly cylindric, 1.5-2 cm long, subdense-flowered, erect or suberect,

sessile to subsessile, male part equalling or slightly longer than the

female part. Bracteoles glumiform, more or less oblong, midrib excur-

rent in a setaceous, very long, straightish or reduced awn. Cladopro-

phylls ocreiform below, glumiform above. Female glumes ovate to

ovate-lanceolate, cvmbiform above, apex acute to obtuse, 3-4 mm long,

1.75-2 mm wide, glabrous, warm brown, margins widely whitish, slen-

derly nervose, midrib excurrenl in a setaceous awn, 1.5-4.5 mm long.

Utricles ellipsoid-lanceolate, tapering above and below, 5-6 mm long,

about 1 mm broad, glabrous to hispidulous below on the ventral face,

glabrous on much of the dorsal face, otherwise hispidulous, including

the margins, narrowly marginate, straight, suberect, spongy and sub-

conically about 0.75 mm long stipitate, beaked ; beak tapering, 1.5-2

mm long, densely hispidulous below, sparsely so above, apex glabres-

cent. Achene ellipsoid-obovoid, angles prominent, faces flattish, about

2.5 mm long and 1 mm broad, pale brown with a whitish, slightly

scurfy surface, scarcely stipitate, beak about 0.3 mm long, bent and

twisted. Style- base inflated-bulbous.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chiengmai, Doi Chiengdao, in open

ground, 6 Nov. 1922, Kerr 6615 (BM, K)!

Sf.ct. 12. Borneënses Nelmes

in Kew Bull. 1951 : 121 (1951).

Tufted. Stems surrounded al the base by spadiceous cataphylls.

Leaves often covered with rough protubérances above, stiff and subco-

riaceous. Spikes 2-6, androgynaeceous, 2-5.5 cm long, single or middle

ones binate, simple, lower longly peduncled. Bracts sheathing. Female

glumes more or less oblong-ovate or oblong-lanceolate, base strongly

incurved, apex often obtuse to rounded or subtruncate, frequently sub-

adpressed-hispidulous, brownish, often with wide whitish margins,

usually aristate. Utricles usually ellipsoid, distinctly trigonous, mul-

tinerved, usually subadpressed-hispidulous, greenish, often becoming

brownish ; beak long, bilobed ; mouth usually oblique, sometimes

extremely so. Stigmas 3.

Only Indo-Chinese species. 41. C. kinabaluensis.

41. Carex kinabaluensis Stapf.

Carex kinabaluensis Stapf in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bot. 42 : l?*?

(19141 ; Nelmes, 349. — Bornéo, Gibbs 4240.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

145

Loosely tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect or suberect, 40-138

cm tall, 0.75-1.25 min thick, smooth. Leaves subbasal, except for 1-3

higher on the stem, much shorter than to slightly exceeding the stem,

3-9 mm wide, fiat to revolute, upper surface covered with minute

setae above, apex longly attenuated ; basal sheaths often minutely his-

pidulous, especially at the dark brown, membranous inouth, nerves

reddish-brown to blackish on the back. Inflorescence consisting of

2-6 spikes, single or middle ones binate, occupying the upper 6.5-32

cm of the stem. Spikes erect to suberect, upper 2-4 approximate, fas-

tigiate, lower distant to remote, cylindric, simple, 2-5.5 cm long, male

part 1-1.5 mm thick, female part 5-6 mm thick, usually about half as

long as but sometimes longer than the male part, sometimes nearly

wholly male, lower on longly or very longly, upper on scarcely to

shortly, exserted peduncles ; peduncles slender, smooth or angles sligh¬

tly scaberulous. Bracts of the lower spikes foliaceous or subherbaceous

and filiform, upper reduced to glumiform, minutely hispidulous

sheaths, with long, setaceous awns, lower longer upper shorter than

their spikes, lower with long, green sheaths, hispidulous near the

mouth. Female glumes oblong, oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, cym-

biform, acuminate, apex subacute to obtuse, sometimes subtruncate,

2.5-4 mm long, 1.75-2.25 mm wide, glabrous or glabrescent below,

sparsely hispidulous above, or wholly hispidulous, Iight castaneous-

brown, margins widelv pale, becoming erose, nervose, midrib, with 2

adjacent nerves coalescing above, excurrent in a hispidulous-margined

awn, 0.5-2.5 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid, or ellipsoid-lanceolate, (5.5-)

7-8 mm long, 1-2 mm broad, very narrowly marginate, base glabrous

or glabrescent, otherwise hispidulous, straight or straightish, beco¬

ming subpatulous, tapering below to a spongy, scarcely to shortly sti-

pitate base ; beak gradually or scarcely tapering, plano-convex or

subterete, 2-3 mm long, sparsely hispidulous margined. Achene oblone-

ellipsoid, dark reddish-brown, sometimes with darker spots, about

4 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm broad, shortly pale-stipitate and pale-beaked ;

beak sometimes bent, up to 0.4 mm long. Style-, base not or slightly thic-

kened.

Annam : north of Kontum prov., summit of Ngee Pang, granitic

soil in primitive forest, above 2000 m., 8 March 1941, Poilane 32,153

(P) !

Bornéo.

Sect. 13. Graciles Tuckerm.,

Enum. Meth. 10 : 1843.

Tufted. Rhizome slender, rarely elongate. Stems slender or very

slender but firm. Leaves narrow. Spikes androgynaeceous, simple or

branched, often in fascicles, lax- to subdense-flowered, on slender

peduncles, erect to somewhat cernuous. Bracts sheathing. Utricles

usually elliptic, plano-convex, less often biconvex, often hispidulous.

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. N Kl.MHS.

crect lo subpatulous, nervose, usually conspicuously and cuneate-

stipitate and longly beaked. Stigmas 2, slender, often long or very

long.

Spikcs single at each of 1-7 nodcs ; utricles 5-7 mm long, glabrous ..

. 44. C. longipes.

Spikes in fascicles of 1-5 at each of 3-8 nodcs ; utricles 2.75-5 mm

long, sparsely whitish-selulose :

Stigmas 7-10 mm long . 42. C. teinogyna.

Stigmas about as long as the utricles (2.75-4.75 mm long) .

. 43. C. brunnea.

42. Carex teinogyna Boott.

Carex teinogyna Boott, Iliustr. 1 : 60, t. 158 (1858) ; C. B. Clarke

in Hook. f., FI. Brit. Ind. 6 : 705 (1894) ; Kükenth. in Engl. Pflanzenr.

IV, 20 ; 602, fig. 104 (F-H) (1909). — India, Hooker and Thomson.

Carex teinogyna Boott var. scabriculmis Kükenth., 1. c., 602. —

Japan, Faurie 4385 ; Korea, Faurie 1316.

Carex scabriculmis (Kükenth.) Ohwi in Acta Phytotax. et Geobot.

2 : 27 (1933) ; Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1926 : 17, 26 (1926).

Tufted. Rhizome short. Stems more or less erect, 20-60 cm tall,

0.5-1 mm thick, smooth throughout or angles scaberulous above and

on the rhachis, surrounded at the base, below the leaves, by spadi-

ceous sheaths or cataphylls, which later fray into persistent fuscous

fibres. Leaves basal and subbasal, shorter to slightly longer than the

stems, 1.5-4 mm wide, fiat to conduplicate, upper surface covered

with pale asperous protubérances, especially above, apices longly atte-

nuated ; sheaths dark brown in front and at the concave mouth.

Inflorescence a slender, continuous to interrupted panicle, consisting

of 3-6 fascicles, each fascicle consisting of 1-3 spikes, mostly simple

but sometimes bearing 1-few smaller spikes, and occupying the upper

9-27 cm of the stem, upper fascicles subapproximate and overlapping,

iower at more widely spaced nodcs. Spikes 0.5-2.5 cm long, female

part exceeding usually much excceding the male part, which is 0.5-

1 mm thick, female part 2-3 mm thick, upper on scarcely to very shor-

tly Iower on very shortly to rather longly exserted peduncles ;

peduncles of each fascicle unequal in length, smooth or scabrid. Bracts

of the Iower fascicles foliaceous or subfoliaceous, mostly longer than

their fascicles but usually shorter than the whole inflorescence, upper

bracts much reduced. Female glumes more or less oblong-lanceolate

or obovatc-oblong, apex acuminate, acute, or sometimes obtuse, 3.5-

5 mm long, 1.2-1.8 mm wide, glabrous, castaneous, sometimes nar-

rowly pale-hyaline on the apical margins, slenderly nervose, muti-

cous or awned, awn up to 1 mm long. Utricles elliptic, 3.5-5 mm long,

1-1.5 mm broad, not or very narrowly marginate, sparsely minutelv

whitish hispidulous, straight or straightish, castaneous, subabruptly

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

147

beaked ; beak gradually tapering, coinpressed, 1.25-2 mm long, very

narrowly marginate, sparsely setulose-margined below, usually gla-

brous above, more or less hispidulous, bidentate or bidentulate ; teeth

straight.Ac/iene elliptic or oblong-elliptic, subplano-convex or com-

pressed-biconvex, 1.8-2.5 mm long, 1-1.25 mm broad, becoming dark

brown, not stipitate, scarcely or shortly beaked. Style- base thickened.

Stigmas about 7-10 mm long, curved and flexuous, persistent.

Tongking : banks of the great torrent, ± 850 m., near Muong Xen,

from Lao-kay to Chapa, 25 Sept. 1943, Petelot 8545 (K) !

Annam : Moi, Bhonbi, forest, bed of the Song tan west of Nha-

trang, 1200 m., 27 May 1922, Poilane 3763 (K, P) !

India, Japan, Sumatra.

C. teinogyna and one or two of its allies differ from most other

sedges in possessing extremely long stigmas. They share this distinc¬

tion with C. sadoënsis Franch. and C. rabro-brnnnea C. B. Clarke, spe-

cies which belong to Sect. Acutae Fries, a group which does not other-

wise closely resemble Sect. Graciles, except that the species of botli

bear flowers with but two stigmas, with the resulting plano-convex or

biconvex fruits. Almost ail the other sections of Subgen. Eucarex

are composed of plants whose flowers hâve three stigmas and whose

fruits are trigonous. Thus we hâve a hint of a doser relationship bet-

ween Sect. Acutae and Sect. Graciles than has hitherto been recogni-

sed.

43. Carex brunnea Thunb.

Carex brunnea Thunb. Fl. Japon. 38 (1784) ; Schkuhr, Riedgr. 2:

16, t. xx, fig. 111 (1806) ; C. B. Clarke, 5 ; Kiikenth., 599 ; E. G. Camus

in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 194 (1922) ; Nelmes, 357. —

Japan.

Tufted. Rhizome short, clothed with dark, nitidous, sheathing

seules or their fibrous remains. Stems crect to oblique, obtusely trigo¬

nous, slenderly ribbed, finely striate, 40-104 cm tall, 1-1.75 mm thick

below, smooth and sometimes also above, scaberulous above or only

on the upper part of the rhachis, surrounded, below the leaves, by lon-

gish, dull, olive-brown, scurfy, firm cataphylls, brown and nitidous

inside, membranous front tending to split into somewhat reticulate

fibres. Leaves basal and subbasal, shorter to longer than the stem,

1.5-4 mm wide, flattish, stiff, upper surface usually covered with small

protubérances which are scabrid above, apex attenuated, firm. Inflo¬

rescence a rather slender, continuous to interrupted panicle, consis-

ting of 4-8 fascicles, each fascicle consisting of 1-5 spikes, one at each

node usually longer than the others, especially below, with 2-5 smal-

ler spikes branching from it, and occupying the upper 6-56 cm of the

stem, upper fascicles subapproximate and some fastigiate, lower

rather distantly spaced. Spikes 0.7-4.5 cm long (including branched

spikes), female part usually very much exceeding the male part, which

Mémoires du Muséum. — Botanique, t. IV. 11

Source : MNHN, Paris

148

E. NELMES.

is 0.5-1 mm thick, female part 2-4 mm thick, upper on scarcely or

shortly lower on longly exserted peduncles ; peduncles smooth to sca-

berulous. Bracts of the fascicles foliaceous or subfoliaceous, longer

than their fascicles but much shorter than the whole inflorescence,

upper bracts reduced, uppermost 1-2 reduced to large, longly awned

glumes ; sheaths dark brown or castaneous and concave at the mouth.

Female glumes oblong-ovate, ovate, or ovate-lanceolate, cymbiform

but margins involute, apex acute to obtuse, 2.5-4 mm long, 1.25-

1.5 mm wide, slenderly ncrvose, glabrous, light to reddish-castaneous,

margins above not or sometimes very narrowly whitish, often erose,

midrib keeled, green, extending nearly or quite to the apex. Utricles

ovate, oblong-elliptic, elliptic, or suborbicular, 2.75-4.75 mm long, 1.2-

1.5 mm broad, narrowly marginate, minutely and rather sparsely

whitish-setulose, straiglit or straightish castaneous to cinnamomeous-

browm, abruptly or subabruptly beaked ; beak slightly or scarcely

tapering, plano-convex or compresscd, 0.5-1 mm long, narrowly or

scarcely marginate, setulose margined, bidentulate ; teeth becoming

erose. Achene elliptic, ovate, oblong-ovate, or suborbicular, compres-

sed, 1.75-2.25 mm long, 1.2-1.4 mm broad, strainineous, not stipitate,

not or scarcely beaked. Style- base somewhat thickened. Stigmas up

to about as long as the utricle.

Tongking : Brousmiche ; towards Ninh-binh, Bon ; West Ton-

kin ; Kiên Khê on Mt. Dong Ham, 19 Nov. 1883, Bon 2303 (K, P) ! ;

ibid.. Thinh Thau, dry mountain slopes, 19 Sept. 1884, Bon 2730 (P) ! ;

ibid., Luong Xa, dry mountain slopes, 23 oct. 1885, Bon 3049 (P) ! ;

ibid., Thinh Thau, 22 Oct. 1890, Bon 4514 (P) ! ; rocks of the Tief

in the muldle of the bed of Moc-ha torrent, 6 Oct. 1891, Balansa 4939

(P) !

India, Upper Burma, China, Japan, Queensland.

44. Ccrrex longipes D. Don.

Carex longipes I). Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. 14 : 329 (1825) ;

Drejer, Symb. Carie. 24, t. 10 (1844) ; Kiikenth., 603 ; Nelmes, 361. —

India. Wallich.

Tufted or densely tufted. Rhizome very short. Stems erect, obtu-

sely to obscurely angled, 13-77 cm tall, 0.5-1.5 mm thick below,

straightish to tlexuous, smooth excepl below the nodes of the upper

spikes, w'here the angles are scaberulous, surrounded at the base,

below the leaves, by persistent fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths.

Leaves basal and subbasal, rarely 1 leaf higher up the stem, mostly

shorter to much shorter but some a little longer than the stems, 1.5-

6 mm wide, liât or flattish or margins revolute, apices attenuated ;

sheaths truncate and membranous, sometimes minutely scurfy-hispi-

dulous, at the mouth. Spikes 1-7, male part very short, except some¬

times in the terminal spike, w'here it may be nearly the uppermost

third, sometimes 1-3 lower « spikes » hâve 2-3 short spikes at their

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

14!)

base, cylindric to lanceolate, 1-3.5 cm long, female part 4-7 mm thick,

male part very slender, upper 2-4 approximate and fastigiate, remain-

der distant, lowesl sometimes from a basal node, upper latéral 1-2

spikes sessile or subsessile or on shortly exserted peduncles, lower on

rather shortly to very longly exserted peduncles ; peduncles very slen¬

der to filiform, sometimes curved or flexuous, minutely scaberulous

above. Bracts of the lower spikes foliaceous, nearly always falling far

short of the apex of the stem, upper bracts much reduced, subfolia-

ceous or aristate-glumiform ; sheaths minutely hispidulous at the

mouth or glabrous. Female plumes ovale-lanceolate to oblong-ovate-

lanceolate, cymbiform or sometimes flattish, margins often involute

above, apex usually subtruncale-obtuse, sometimes subacute or bilo-

bed-emarginale, 3.25-5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide, nervose, light ferru-

gineous or paler, with very narrow to wide whitish-hyaline margin,

and a 3-nerved, darker brown central stripe, the midrib, which is

sometimes hispidulous above, coalescing with 2 adjacent nerves and

excurrent as a hispidulous-margined awn 0.25-5 mm long. Utricles

elliptic, 5-7 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad, marginate, glabrous, straight.

pale yellowish-green, becoming light reddish-brown, cuneate below,

base spongy-thickened but scarcely stipitate, subabruptly beaked ;

beak gradually then scarcely tapering, compressed, 2-3 mm long,

narrowly marginate, sparsely hispid-margined above, deeply biden-

tate, often dorsally narrowly grooved ; mouth not or slightly ventrally

oblique ; teeth lanceolate-setaceous, whitish-hyaline above, glabrous,

straight. Achene broadly elliptic to oblong-elliptic or oblong-ovoid,

sometimes subobovoid, coinpressed-biconvex or planoconvex, 2.3-3 mm

long, 1.5-1.8 mm broad, dirtv-whitish on reddish-brown, subabruptly

stoutly 0.25-0.3 mm stipitate, abruptly beaked ; beak subterete, 0.1-

0.2 mm long, scarcely annular thickened at the apex. Style thickened

into an oblong, centrally grooved, compressed basal portion. Stigmas

up to 3 or 4 mm long.

Tongking : Chapa, Petelot 1610 (P) ! ; ibid., grassy savannahs,

± 1900 m„ April 1938, Petelot 7371 (K).

India, China, Malaysia.

Sf.ct. 14. CTyptostachyae (Ohwi) Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 363 (1951).

Subsect. Cryptostachydae Ohwi in Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto lmp. Univ.,

ser. B, 11 : 340 (1936).

Flowering stems few to nuinerous, arising singly or binate from

the axils of leaves produced on a short shoot, usually single, some¬

times binate, often flexuous, subscapose. Spikes androgynaeceous.

Bracts subherbaceous ; sheaths tubulose - infundibuliform. Female

glumes involvenl - cucullate. Utricles obovoid or obovoid-fusiform,

concave-facetted (thus conforming to the achene). Achene deeply con-

cave-faceted, medianly on the 3 angles, apically and basally on the

Source : MNHN, Paris

150

E. NELMES.

faces ; beak strongly deflexed. Lower part of style bent down with

beak of achene, upper part bent and twisted upwards, thickened, flat-

tened, and papillose at the apex (below the 3 stigmas).

Only species . 45. C. cryptostachys.

45. Carex cryptostachys Brongn.

Carex cryptostachys Brongn. in Duperrey, Voy. Coquille, Bot. 152,

t. 25 (1828) ; Boott, Illustr. 2 : 103, t. 310 (1860) ; C. B. Clarke, 8 ;

Kükenth., 471 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 195,

fig. 27 (10-13) (1922) ; Nelmes, 363. — New Guinea, Waigeo, d’Urville.

Tufted. Rhizome erect or oblique to horizontal, 4-6 mm thick,

clothed with fxbrous remains of sheaths. Stems suberect, often flexu-

ous, more or less hidden in the leaf-sheaths, compressed-trigonous,

10-50 cm tall, smooth below the rhachis, base clasped by a few ferru-

gineous bract-like sheaths. Leaves crowdcd on a short shoot and very

much longer_than the flowering stems, 3-18 mm wide, fiat, apex very

longly attenuated, sparsely septate-nodulose, surrounded at the base

by withered, fibrous remains of older leaves ; sheaths ferrugineous.

Spikes 8-30, erect to suberect, male part much shorter than the female,

cylindric, 1-3 cm long, 3-4 (5) mm thick, lax-flowered, sometimes ail

simple, usually lowest or lower on elongated branches, each bearing

up to 8 but usually about 4 spikes, subapproximate, often overlapping

and subfastigiate, upper on included lower on shortly excluded

peduncles, the whole forming a slender, scarcelv interrupted inflores¬

cence 10-40 cm long ; peduncles slender, angles sparsely scaberulous.

Rhachis often flexuous, very sparsely scaberulous. Bracts usually

much shorter than their spikes, upper shortly lower longly sheathing ;

sheaths thinly brownish-membranous. Female glumes ovate to oblong-

ovate, apex acute to subacute, 2.25-2.75 mm long, about 2 mm wide,

often minutely adpressed-hairy, especially above, whitish stramineous

tinged brown, margins ciliolate, especially above, midrib usually hispi-

dulously mucronate. Utricles obscurely trigonous to more or less

biconvex, 3.5-5.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm hroad, inultinerved, narrowly

marginate, ventrallv sparsely whitish puberulous above, dorsally

almost glabrous to somewhat scurfy, margins ciliolate especially

above, subpatulous, stramineous-green tinged brown, longly stipitate,

subabruptly beaked ; beak subterete to plano-convex, 0.4-0.75 mm

long, marginate, glabrous or glabrescent ; mouth very oblique. Achene

ellipsoid to rhomboid-ellipsoid, or oblong-obovoid, equally divided by

three longitudinal, rounded, pale to brown ribs, faces becoming dark

brown, with sometimes a wrinkled, warty band round the middle,

base thickening, after contraction, into a round spongy mass, or some¬

times passing gradually into a thick basal subcylindric stipe ; beak

short.

Thaila.nd : Pen. Thailand ; Satul, Khao Kheo range, ± 700 m.,

evergreen forest, 12 March 1928, Kerr 15,736 (K) ! ; Satul, Klawng

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

151

Ton, ± 100 m., coinmon in evergreen forest, 16 March 1928, Kerr

14,628 (K) ! — S. E. Thailand ; Trat, Kaw Chang, Klawng Non Si,

± 500 m., evergreen forest, 26 Sept. 1924, Kerr 9189 (BM, K) !

Tongking : Mt. Bavi ; Lankok Valley, in forest, 12 March 1887,

Balansa 2822 (K, P) ! ; ibid., Banton Valley, near Tu-vu, in forest,

27 Dec. 1887, Balansa 2823 (K, P) ! Phu Tho prov. ; Phu Ho forest,

March 1923, Petelot 1332 (P) ! ; Phu Ho, Petelot 6111 (P) ! ; Bac

Giang prov. ; Lang Met, May 1925, Petelot 6137 (P) ! ; Quangtu prov.,

Dong Tri, near Pho Lu (Laokay prov.), 1000 m., Jan. 1936, Poilane

sine num. (K, P) !

Annam : Tourane ; Jan. 1837, Gaudichaud 70 (P.) ! Thua-lhien

prov. ; Lang Co, waterfalls and torrents, Eberhardt 2551 (K, P) ! ;

ibid., Thua Lun, Eberhardt 2677 (P) ! Quang Tri prov. ; valley of the

high river On-Bi, Eberhardt 2048 (P) ! Hué, West River, rocky

mountain jungle, 100 ni, only one plant seen, Feb. 1922, Squires 118

(P) ! Thua Thien prov. ; Cay chua, Luong Dien canton, in forest on

sandy-clay soil, 4 Feb. 1920, Poilane 934 (K, P) ! Haut Douai prov. ;

Laonan canton, fairly good clay soil, in forest, 1200 m, 5 June 1933,

Poilane 22,610 (P) ! Dong Tri, near Quangtri, forest, rather poor

clayey-schistous soil, 900 m, 10 March 1936, Poilane 25,314 (K, P) ! ;

Nui Bach Ma Altitude Station, near Hué, 14 April 1939, Poilane 29,621

(P) ! ; near the village Moi of Go-Oi, south-west of Quang Nam prov.,

granitic soil, ± 500 m, 22 Feb. 1941, Poilane 31,468 (P) ! ; south

of Quang Nam prov., near the village Moi of Mangtra, forest, granitic

soil, ± 1500-1800 m, 26 Feb. 1941, Poilane 31,815 (P) ! ; ibid., 1500 m,

27 Feb. 1941, Poilane 31,852 (P) ! ; between the villages Moi of Mang-

Lum and Tu inh (limit of Quangnain and Kontum provinces), large

forest, granitic soil, climate rainy, 1500-1800 m, 5 March 1941,

Poilane 32,017 (P) ! Kontum prov., between Dak Dru Dak and Dak

Bon Không, west of Dak Gley, primitive and high forest, good granitic-

schist soil, climate very wet, foggy and humid, 1000-1100 m, 30 Jan.

1947, Poilane 32,908 (K, P) !

Hongkong, Formosa, Malaysia, Queensland.

Sect. 15. Lageniformes (Ohwi) Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 366 (1951).

Subsect. Lageniformes Ohwi in Mem. Coll. Sci. Ki/oto lmp. Univ.,

ser. B, 11 : 340 (1946).

Stems central or arising from the axils of basal leaves, slender

or weak and very slender, subscapose, or leafy below. Leaves mode-

rately to very much longer than the stems. Spikes usually few,

terminal male, remainder androgynaeceous or female. Bracts folia-

ceous to subherbaceous ; sheaths sometimes subtubular or infundi-

buliform. Female glumes usually more or less oblong-ovate. Utricles

more or less Iageniforin or rhomboid-lageniform. Achene with a

Source : MNHN, Paris

152

E. NELMES.

central transverse ridge, sometimes with an apical cylindric neck,

usually discoid-annulate but sometimes truncate at the apex, 0,7-1 mm

in diameter. Stigmas 3.

Stems central, developed from a leafy shoot ; latéral spikes often

androgynaeceous :

Leaves 3-6.25 mm wide ; terminal spike 10-22.5 mm long, latéral

androgynaeceous or female . 49. C. breviscapa.

Leaves 1-3 mm wide ; terminal spike 8-10 mm long, latéral andro¬

gynaeceous . 48. C. rhynchachaenium.

Stems axillary or latéral at the hase of a leafy shoot ; latéral spikes

female :

Stems 5-30 cm tall : inflorescence 4.5-0.5 cm long ; latéral spikes

1.2-2 cm long . 46. C. pleurocaula.

Stems 5-7 cm tall ; inflorescence 1-1.3 cm long ; latéral spikes

0.5-1 cm long . 47. C. lageniformis.

46. Carex pleurocaula Nelmes.

Carex pleurocaula Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 7, 26 (1946). —

Annam, Evrard 944.

Tufted. Rhizome very short, clothed with the fibrous remains of

sheathing scales. Stems erect to suberect at First, curved and sometimes

flexuous later, twisted, arising singly or more than singly from the

axils of basal sheaths of old leaves, angles obtuse or compressed,

5-30 cm tall, 0.5-1 mm thick, smooth, with a few subherbaceous

leaves and leafless sheaths near the base. Leaves 12 or more, arising

from a short shoot, 20-50 cm long or longer, 4-7 mm wide, flat or

margins revolute, apices longly attenuated. Spikes 4-6, single, upper

approximate or subapproxiinate and fastigiate, 3 lowest at nodes

2-3.5 cm apart, usually occupying the upper third to half of the stem,

or the lowest remote, forming except for this basal spike, a loose,

oblong inflorescence, 4.5-9.5 cm long and 1-1.5 cm broad, terminal

slenderiy cylindric, acuminate towards the apex, 1-1.5 cm long, dense-

flowered, slightly exceeding to slightly exceeded by the uppermost

latéral spike, remaining spikes female, 1.2-2 cm long, 3-5 mm thick,

subdense-flowered, suberect to patulous, on scarcely to rather longly

exserted peduncles. Rhachis minutely setulose, especially on the

angles. Bracts of the lower latéral spikes subherbaceous, much shorter

than the whole inflorescence, shorter to longer than their spikes,

upper much reduced. Female plumes oblong, oblong-ovate, or oblong-

lanceolate, flattish or involute-cymbiform, especially above, apex acute

to obtuse or very obtuse, 2-4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, glabrous, light

brown but upper margins rather widely whitish, midrib usually

excurrent in a flattish ciliolate mucro up to 0.75 mm long. Utricles

more or less ellipsoid, obovoid, or fusiform in the lower two-thirds,

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE OENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

153

slightly constricted above, with a more slender upper third, which is

more or less cllipsoid-tubiform or conic-tubiform, not or scarcely

angled, the whole utricle being more or less lageniform, 4.5-5.8 mm

long, 1.1-1.3 mm broad, multinerved, puberulous above or wholly sub-

densely hirtillous, straight, subpatulous, tapering below to a slightly

rounded base, shortly to rather longly stipitate, gradually tapering

above to a flattish, 0.5-1 mm long, ciliolate-setulose-inargined, biden-

tulatc beak. Achene oblong-ellipsoid, oblong-obovoid, or rhomboid-

quadrate-ovoid, angles prominent, usually slightly broadest just

below the middle, along an interrupted rounded transverse ridge

across the three faces, deeply concave on the three faces below the

ridge and on one above, the remaining two upper faces shallowly

concave to slightly convex, 3-3.75 mm long, 1-1.2 mm broad, tapering

below and abruptly contracted at the base into an oblong-trigonous

to cylindric, pseudo-stipe, which is 0.3-0.7 mm long, tapering gradually

above from the transverse ridge, and, near the apex, subabruptly or

abruptly constricted into an extremely short (about 0.1 nnn) cylindric

or trigonous-cylindric neck, 0.3-0.9 mm in diameter, which abruptly

expands into an inverted-umbelliform, subtruncate, annulate, slightly

involute-margined apex, neck and stipe sometimes bent, achene brown

with pale angles, stipe, and neck. Style- base slightly pyramidally

thickened.

Tongking : Prov. of Roo Kay ; open forest, ± 200 m, between

the shoulder of the Lo Qui Ho and Chu Valley, July 1943, Petelot

8549 (K) !

Annam : Camchay, ? 900 m, '? May ? 1874, Pierre (K) ! Dalat, in

wood-mould, 23 June 1924, Evrard 944 (K) !, by Robinson’s arbore¬

tum, wooded clay slope, 1 Dec. 1924, Evrard 1969 (K) !

47. Carex lagenHormis Nelmes.

Carex lageniformis Nehnes in Kew Bull. 1939 : 658 (1939) et

1946 : 7, 26 (1946). — Thailand, Kerr 9647.

Tufted. Rhizome horizontal, curved upwards at the end, short,

clothed with the fibrous remains of sheathing scales. Stems erect at

first, later curved and sometimes flexuous and twisted, latéral, arising

singly from the base of a short, leaf-bearing shoot, angles compressed,

5-7 cm tall, weak, 0.5-1 mm thick, smooth, with few very small sub-

herbaceous leaves near the base, surrounded, at the base, by very few

leafless sheaths or cataphylls. Leaves about 12, arising from a short

shoot, rather crowded, 20-55 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, fiat or flattish,

apex longly attenuated. Spikes (3) 4-5, single, in a fastigiate, more or

less obpyramidal head which is 1-1.3 cm long and 1.2-1.3 cm broad,

terminal much smaller lhan and hidden among the latéral spikes,

which are female, 5-10 mm long and 3-5 mm thick, lax-to subdense-

flowered, lower patulous to subpatent, upper erect to suberect, on

scarcely or shortly exserted peduncles. Bracts of the latéral spikes

Source : MNHN, Paris

154

E. NELMES.

subfoliaceous to subhcrbaceous, lower about twice the length of the

whole inflorescence, upper about equalling their spikes. Female glumes

oblong-lanceolate, flattish or involute-cymbiforin, especially above,

pale, acute, rarelv subobtuse, 2.25-2.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide,

whitish, midrib scarcely excurrent but forming a firin tip at the apex.

Utricles rhomboid-Iageniform-lanceolate, angles compressed, broadest

below the middle with a secondarv expansion about halfway between

this point and the apex of the beak, 4.5-5.25 mm long, 1.1-1.75 mm

broad, multinerved, puberulous, straight, patulous, tapering below to

a slightly rounded base, very shorlly stipitate, gradually tapering

above to a flattish, 0.5-1 mm long, sometimes sparsely ciliolate-setose-

margined, bidentulate beak. Achene rhomboid or quadrate-ovoid,

angles prominent, broadest below the middle, along a prominent

rounded transverse ridge across the three faces, deeplv concave on

the three faces above and below the ridge, about 3 mm long, 1.1-1.2

mm broad, tapering below and abruptly contracted at the base into

an oblong-trigonous pseudo-stipe, about 0.5 mm long, tapering gra¬

dually above from the transverse ridge, and near the apex rounded

and abruptly constricted into an extreinely short (about 0.1 mm)

cylindric neck, 0.3-0.9 mm in diameter, which abruptly expands into

an inverted-umbelliform, subtruncate, annulate, slightly involute-

margined apex. Style- base pyrainidally thickened.

Thailand : S.E. Thailand ; Chantabun ; Kao Soi Dao, c. 1400 m,

in evergreen forest, 13 Dec. 1924, Kerr 9647 (K) !

The following taxa were published in the Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berl.

14 : 191 (1938) :

Carex tristachya Thunb. var. pseudopocilliformis R. Gross. —

Tongking : Chapa, about 1500 m, Petelot 1795, April 1925.

Carex ligata Boott var. indochinensis R. Gross. — Ibid., forest,

Petelot 6140, Sept. 1929.

Some time between the two world wars I saw the Berlin sheets

of these plants and formed the opinion that they both belongcd to a

group I hâve since raised to sectional rank from Ohwi’s subsection

Lageniformes, which includcs C. ligata Boott but not C. tristachya

Thunb. I further found that the two Petelot gatherings agreed closely

with the description of C. gracilispica Hayata, a Formosan sedge

which I had not and hâve not seen. The Berlin specimens above-

mentioned may not now exist, and the two numbers were not included

in the Indochinese Carices loaned to me from Paris, so that I am

unable with confidence to place them precisely.

48. Carex ihynchachaenium Merrill.

Carex rhynchachaenium C. B. Clarke ex Merrill in Bull. Dep. Bur.

Gov. Labor. Manila No. 35, 5 (1905) ; Kükenth., 480 ; Nelmes, 368. —

Philippine Islands, Elmer 6983.

Densely tufted. Rhizome short. Stems subflexuous, central,

3.5-30 cm tall, 0.25-0.5 mm thick below, smooth below, scaberulous on

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

155

the more distinct angles above, surrounded, below the leaves. by

fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths. Leaves basal, crowded, longer than

the stems, 1-3 mm wide, flat-plicate or flattish, margins sometimes

slightly revolute, apiccs longly attenuated ; sheaths pubescent on the

back and on the membranous front. Spikes 3-5, somewhat hidden

among the leaves, upper 3 at approximate to more widely separated

nodes but fastigiate or subfastigiate because of the lower being longer-

peduncled, lower 1-2 remote and subradical from basal leaf-sheaths,

cylindric, suberect, lax-flowered, terminal 8-10 mm long, rather less

than 1 mm thick, others androgynaeceous, male part usually much

shorter than the female, single, 6-15 mm long, feinale part 3-4 mm

thick, upper on shortly lower on shortlv to longly exserted pedun-

cles ; peduncles smooth or angles scaberulous. Bracts of the lower

spikes foliaceous, exceeding to far exceeding the terminal spike, bract

of the upper spike much reduced, shorter to longer than its spike ;

sheaths glabrous to minutely pubescent. Female glumes oblong-ovate

to oblong-lanceolate, or triangular with a rounded apex to triangular-

acuminate and acute, cymbiform, margins sometimes involute above,

2-3 mm long. 1-1.5 mm wide, nervose, pale brownish, margins widely

whitish-hyaline, glabrous to sparselv setulose, midrib not extending

to the apex of the obtuse or rounded apices, reaching and sometimes

excurrent from the acute apices in a smooth to hispidulous awn up

to 0.5 mm long. Utricles rhomboid-lageniform, broadest along a roun¬

ded, girdling ridge at about 2 mm from the base, with a secondary

rounded mitrate ridge just below the beak, 5.5-6 mm long, 1.25-1.6

mm broad, distinctly multinerved, scarcely marginate, covered spar-

sely, or subdensely above, with minute pale bristles, base glabrous,

straight, suberect to patulous, subgradually tapering below to the sub-

rotund base, which is abruptly 0.25-0.4 mm long stipitate, tapering

above and swelling into the secondary ridge, whence subabruptly

beaked ; beak subconic, subterete or subcoinpressed, 0.75-1 mm long,

very narrowly marginate, minutclv hispidulous, bidentulate ; teeth

straight or slightly converging. Achene ovoid-ellipsoid, and slightly

rhomboid from an interrupted, rounded transverse ridge below the

middle, faces deeplv concave below, fiat to slightly convex above,

becoming dark-spadiceous with whitish patches, angles pale, about

4 mm long, 1.3-1.6 mm broad, tapering below, base abruptly contrac-

ted into a cylindric-trigonous, 0.75-1 mm long pale stipe, tapering

above, apex subabruptly conlracted into a cylindric, 0.75-1 mm long,

0.65-0.75 (base)-0.7-0.8 mm (apex) in diameter, pale or reddish brown,

neck or beak, its apex pale, truncate, faintly undulate, hollowed out

(not annulate). Style- base not or scarcely thickened, centred in the

hollow apex of the beak of the achene.

Annam : Ba-I)o, near Tourane, rare, 1400-1500 m., 7 March 1939,

Poilane 29,285 (K, P) !

Philippine Islands.

Source : MNHN, Paris

156

E. NELMES.

49. Carex breviscapa C. B. Clarke.

Carex breviscapa C. B. Clarke in Hook. f.. Fl. Brit. Ind. 6 : 736

(1894) ; Kükenth., 474 ; Nelmes, 369. — Ceylon, Thwaites 3781.

Tufted. Stems suberect, central, usually more or less liidden in

the crowdcd leaves and their sheaths, the rhachis only being visible,

but sometimes sonie of the stein proper is free, 4-16 cm tall, about

1 mm thick, smooth. Leaves rather numcrous, basal, much longer

than the stems, 3-6.25 mm wide, flat-plicate, apex altenuated, lowest

reduced to leafless sheaths or their fibrous remains ; sheaths brown.

Spikes usually 5-7, single at each node, rarely up to about 20 through

branching, partly hidden amongst the leaves, approximate and fasti¬

giale except the lower 1-2 which are farther apart and subfastigiate,

cylindric, erect or suberect, terminal 1-2.25 cm long, about 1 mm

thick, latéral spikes female, or androgynaeceous with the male part

usually very much shorter than the female, 1-3 cm long, female part

3-4 mm thick, lax-flowered, upper subsessile of shortly peduncled,

lower on rather shortly, lowest sometimes on longlv, exserted pedun-

cles ; peduncles very slender, angles scaherulous. Bracts foliaceous,

lower much exceeding the stem, upper much reduced, shorter than

their own spikes to extending to the apex of the stem. Female glumes

oblong or oblong-ovate, flattish to cymbiform with involute margins

below, apex acute to rounded, 2-3 mm long, 1-1.75 mm wide, slen-

derly nervose, pale brownish-white, margins widely whitish-hyaline

above, centrally green-white striped, midrib scarcely extending to the

apex or 1 mm hispidulouslv exclurent. Utricles rhomboid-lageniform,

broadest along a rounded girdling ridge at about the middle, with a

secondarv rounded mitrate ridge just below the beak, distinctly an-

gled, 3.5-5 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad, multinerved, scarcely mar-

ginate, glabrous below, glabrescent or sparsely puberulous above,

straight, suberect to patulous, tapering below to a somewhat rounded

base and then abruptly stipitate, tapering above from the primary

to the secondary ridge and then abruptly beaked ; beak subconic, pla-

no-convex or compressed, 0.5-1 mm long, hispid-puberulous, bidentu-

late ; teeth straight. Achene more or less rhomboid, faces concave

above and below a central horizontal ridge, especially below, 2.25-3

mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad, tapering below to a subbulbously stipi¬

tate base, tapering more graduallv above from the central ridge to a

broad, truncate apex, which has a discoid-annulate margin, becoming

dark brown with pale stipe, apex, and angles. Style-base sometimes

slightly thickened.

Annam : Dalat, ravine of the river Prenh, 6 Dec. 1924, Evrard

2069 (K. P) !

Ceylon, Formosa, Malaysia, Queensland.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN IND0-CH1NA.

157

Sect. 16. Mitratae Kükenth.

in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 458 (1909).

Stems usually rather slender, short, and central. Bracts sheathing.

Spikes few, terminal male, latéral female or, less often, androgynae-

ceous. Female glumes usually oblong-obovate or oblong-ovate. Utricles

usually more or less ellipsoid. Achene mitrate, i.e. contracted and more

or less discoid-annulate at the apex ; beak straight. Stigmas 3.

Spikes 1-3 cm long, female 2-3 mm thick ; lower bracts longly or very

longly sheathing ; female glumes ovate or oblong-ovate ; utricles

3-3.5 mm long . 50. C. cambodiensis.

Spikes 4-15 mm long, female 3-4 mm thick ; lower bracts shortly or

very shortly sheathing ; female glumes obovate or oblong-obovate ;

utricles 2-2.75 mm long . 51. C. royleana.

50. Cenex cambodiensis Nelmes.

Carex cambodiensis Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 11, 26 (1946). —

Cambodia, Poilane 23,139.

Densely tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect or suberect, someti-

mes slightly curved and flexuous, obtusely to obscurely angled, 17-45

cm tall, 0.5-1 mm thick, smooth, including the rhachis, surrounded,

below the leaves, by the fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths. Leaoes

basal and subbasal, shorter to much shorter than the longer of the

stems, 2-4 mm wide, fiat, apex longly attenuated. Spikes 3-7, erect or

suberect, situated on the upper third to half of the stem, lowest often

with 1-2 smaller spikes at ils base, others single at each node, slen-

derly cylindric, upper 3-4 approximate and fastigiate, lower more dis-

tantlv spaced, lowest sometimes arising on a very long and slender

peduncle from a basal leaf-slieath, terminal 2-3 cm long, 1-1.5(2) mm

thick, remainder usually androgynaeceous but sometimes wholly

female, 1-3 cm long, male part much shorter than the female, female

part 2-3 mm thick, on scarcely or shortly exserted peduncles ; pedun-

cles very slender, mainly smooth. Bracts of the lower spikes foliaceous,

usually much shorter than but sometimes slightly exceeding the stem,

upper bracts much reduced, subherbaceous or glumiform ; sheaths

brown, especially at the base, subampliate. Female glumes ovate or

oblong-ovate, deeply cymbiform, apex usually subobtuse, sometimes

subacute or even acute, 1.75-2 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, brown

with wide, whitish and thin margins, midrib and two adjacent nerves

coalescing above and usually excurrent in a relatively stoutish minu-

lely ciliolate-hispidulous awn up to 0.5 mm long. Utricles ellipsoid,

3-3.5 mm long, about 1 mm broad, slenderly multinerved, narrowly

marginate, glabrous, or sometimes glabrescent or minutely and spar-

sely scurfy or setulose above, including the margins, straight, beco-

ining patulous, very shortly stipitate, gradually tapering above, except

for a slightly inflated apex, into a beak which tapers, 0.2-0.4 mm long.

Source : MNHN, Paris

158

E. NELMES.

marginale, glabrous or minutely and sparsely scaberulous-margined,

bidcntulate. Achene oblong-ovoid or oblong-ellipsoid, faces concave,

about 2.5 mm long, about 1 mm broad, brown, shortly stipitate, con-

tracted at the apex into a slightly tapering, very short, stramineous,

annulate neck or beak, 0.5 mm wide and 0.25 mm long, which is

truncate-intruse at the apex. Style- base slightly thickened.

Cambodia : Bokor, Eléphant Mtn., in very poor acid sandy soil,

by a path, 1000 m., 4 Dec. 1933, Poilane 23,078 (K)! ; ibid., Eléphant

Mtn., on the new road between Bokor and the Cascade, poor sandy

soil, 900 m„ 5 Dec. 1933, Poilane 23,139 (K, P) !

51. Carex royleana Nees ex Wight.

Carex royleana Nees ex Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 127 (1834) ;

Boott, Illustr. 1 : 6, t. 19 (1858) ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén.

Indo-Chine, 7 : 195 (1922). — India, Royle 36 and 152.

Carex boniana Boeck. in Allg. Bot. Zeitschr. 2 : 190 (1896). —

Tongking, Bon.

Carex breviculmis R. Br. subsp. royleana (Nees ex Wight) Kü-

kenth. in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 469 (1909).

Tufted. Rhizome extremely short. Stems erect, somewhat curved,

or even flexuous, obtusely angled, 8-38 cm tall, 0.25-0.5 mm thick,

wholly smooth or angles scaberulous above and on the rhachis. Leaves

basal, mostly shorter to very much shorter than the stems, 0.9-3 mm

wide, fiat to plicate-revolute, erect to somewhat curved, apices longly

attenuated, lower reduced to nearly bladeless sheaths, surrounded by

the persistent fibrous remains of older leaf-sheaths. Spikes 3-5, erect

to patulous, closelv contiguous to approximate, 4-15 mm long, ter¬

minal slenderly fusiform or subcylindric, latéral spikes female, shortly

cylindric, 3-4 mm thick, sessile or subessile to very shortly peduncled.

Bracts of the lower 1-2 female spikes subfoliaceous, much exceeding

the inflorescence, upper bracts much reduced, inconspicuous ; sheaths

pale and membranous at the mouth. Female glumes obovate or oblong-

obovate, cymbiform, apex sometimes subacute but often very obtuse

to truncate-rotund, 2-2.5 mm long, 1.4-1.8 mm wide, milky white,

midrib green, coalescing with 2 adjacent nerves and excurrent in a

tapering, ciliolate-hispidulous-margined awn, 0.3-2 mm long. Utricles

ellipsoid or obovoid-ellipsoid, obtusely to obscurely angled, 2-2.75 mm

long, 1.1-1.2 mm broad, slenderly multinerved, very narrowly margi-

nate, rather sparsely hispidulous-hirtillous, straight, becoming patu¬

lous, shortly stipitate, suhgradually to subabruptly beaked ; beak

compressed-conic, 0.5-0.9 mm long, scarcely or very narrowly margi-

nate, glabrous to sparsely hispidulous, emarginate or scarcely biden-

tulate. Achene ellipsoid or ohovoid, angles obtuse with the faces flat-

tish or convex above and deeply concave below, sometimes 1-2 of the

3 angles sunk into a cavity at the centre, 1.5-1.6 mm long, about 1

mm broad, becoming dark brown to cinereous-fuscous, scarcely or

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

159

very shortly stipitate, abruptly and very shortly beaked ; beak dis-

coid-annulate and 0.2-0.4 inin in diameter at the apex. Style- base

scarcely or slightly thickened.

Tongking : West Tongking ; in the neighbourhood of Hanoi, Bon.

India, China, Japan.

I hâve not seen the Bon specimen but Camus’s description, so

far as it goes, agréés with the type and other Indian specimens of

C. royleana Nees ex Wight, so that I hâve ventured to include this

species in ni y revison.

Sect. 17. Radicales (Kükenth.) Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 389 (1951).

Subsect. Radicales Kükenth. in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 480

(1909).

Spikes 1-3 (4), often distantly spaced, lowest sometimes arising

from a basal leaf-sheath, androgynaeceous. Bracts usually sheathing,

sometimes 2-3 emply ones crowded below the terminal spike. Female

ylumes spongy-thickened and gibbous at the often strongly incurved

base, pale, margins erose-ciliolate above. Utricles strongly multiner-

ved, margins ciliolate-hispidulous from the base upwards ; beak short,

shortly bilobed. Stigmas 3.

Female part of spike 8-11 mm thick ; female glumes 4-5 mm long ;

utricles 6-7 mm long . 52. C. pterocaulos.

Female part of spike 2-7 mm thick ; female glumes 2.25-3 mm long ;

utricles 3.5-6 mm long :

Leaves 3-11 mm wide ; utricles 4.25-6 mm long .

. 53. C. speciosa var. speciosa.

Leaves 1.5-2 mm wide ; utricles 3.5-4 mm long.

. 53 C. speciosa var. angustifolia.

52. Carex pterocaulos Nelmes.

Carex pterocaulos Nelmes in Hook., Ic. PI. 35 : t. 3467 (1947). —

Burma, Russell (Bot. Surv. Ind. Field No. 1845).

Rhizome and base of stem unknown. Portion of stem présent

erect or suberect, angles with wide wings, 25-35 cm long, 3.5-4 mm

broad (including the wings, the stem proper being about half this

breadth), rather soft, angles smooth or sparsely scabrid below, sub-

densely scabrid towards the apex. Lower leaves unknown, 3-5 situa-

ted on the lower part of the portion of stem présent, much or very

much longer than the stem, 9-11.5 mm wide, fiat or flattish, septate-

nodulose above, upper surface rough with small protubérances and

setae, apex attenuated. Spikes 1-2, usually 1, the second (latéral) re-

presented bv an empty bract, at nodes 2-6 cm apart, 2.5-4 cm long,

erect or suberect, latéral usually sessile, sometimes very shortly pe-

Source : MNHN, Paris

K. NELMES.

duncled, female part ellipsoid-cylindric to ovoid, 8-11 mm thick,

usually longer than the male part, which is cylindric but tapering

above, 3-3.5 mm thick. Bract of the latéral spike, or empty bract, folia-

ceous, much exceeding the stem, with 2 basal membranous auricles

in front, somctimes united into a sheath, its base sometimes transver-

sely crimped, also 2-3, usually 3, empty bracts, the lower 1-2 subfo-

liaceous, the uppermost subfoliaceous or setaceous, ail crowded below

and exceeding, and the uppermost apparently subtending, the termi¬

nal spike. Female glumes oblong with a triangular upper third, or

oblong-ovate and acuminate, cymbiform or sub-conduplicate, especial-

ly below, somctimes flattish above, apex acute or subacute, 4-5 mm

long, 2.5-3 mm wide, glabrous, conspicuously nervose, midrib and

2 adjacent nerves coalescing above and forming a stoutish tip at the

apex. Utricles ellipsoid or rhoinboid-ellipsoid, compressed-trigonous

or trigonous, the ventral face wider than each half of the angled dor¬

sal face, 6-7 mm long, 2.5-2.75 mm broad, marginate, dorsally glabrous

or sparsely scurfy-hispidulous towards the apex, ventrally whitish-his-

pidulous above, glabrous or glabrescent below, slightly incurved, be-

coming suberect to patulous, subgradually or subabruptly tapering

below into an oblong or slightly tapering basal part about 1.5-2 mm

long, with a rounded-truncate, scarcely stipitate base, gradually tape¬

ring above ; beak compressed-cylindric, gradually tapering, margi¬

nate, hispidulous-margined below, glabrous or glabrescent above.

Achene ellipsoid but tapering below, or orbicular-obovoid-ellipsoid,

angles very prominent, palish, faces concave, dark brown, 4.5-4.75 mm

long (including stipe and beak), 2.3-2.5 mm broad, base subabruptly

cylindric or trigonous-cylindric, palish, 1 mm long stipitate, apex

abruptlv beaked ; beak trigonous-cylindric, inflexed, 0.75 mm long,

palish, apex slightly thickened or discoid-annulate. Style- base trigo¬

nous, hispidulous, thickened.

Lower Burma : Tavoy ; head waters of Sedi Chaung, 13 Sept.

1920, P. T. Russell (Bol. Surv. Ind. Field No. 1845) (CAL, K)!

This is a striking plant and a very distinct member of its section

because of its widely winged stems, its empty bracts, and the very

stout female part of its spikes.

53. Carex speciosa Kunth var. speciosa.

Carex speciosa Kunth, Enum. PI. 2 : 504 (1837) ; Kükenth., 481 ;

E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 197 (1922) ; Nelmes,

390, var. speciosa. — India, Wallich 3391.

Carex courtallensis Nees apud Boott, Illustr. 1 : 52, t. 138 (1858).

— India, Wight 991.

Tufted. Rhizome short. Stems erect, oblique or somewhat cur-

ved, angles subacute to very narrowly winged, 4-55 cm tall, slender

(0.5-1.5 mm thick) smooth or finely scaberulous throughout, clothed

at the base, below the leaves by withered semifibrous leaf-sheaths.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENÜS CARIÎX IN INDO-CHINA.

161

Lenves subbasal, mostly longer or inuch longer than the stems, 3-11

mm wide, fiat or flattish-plicate, margins sometimes revolute, often

septate-nodulose, apices longly attenuated. Spikes 1-3 (4), at nodes

5-10 cm or more apart, lowest sometimes arising from a basal leaf-

sheath, more or less cvlindric, 1-4 cm long, female part 4-7 mm thick,

usually much longer than but sometimes about as long as the male

part, which is slender, tapering to an acute apex, on usually shortly

exserted peduncles ; peduncles acutely angled, usually smooth. Bracts

of the latéral spike or spikes foliaceous, usually exceeding the stem,

sheathing ; sheaths membranous in front ; bract of the terminal spike

glumiform, amplexicaul or shortly sheathing, aristate or subherba-

ceous. Female glnmes oblong-ovate, deeply cymbiform, apex often

obtuse, sometimes subacute or even acute, 2.5-3 mm long, about 2 mm

wide, glabrous, brownish nervose, midrib prominent, scarcely or about

extending to a firm tip at the apex. Utricles ellipsoid or ellipsoid-lan-

ceolate, ventral face much wider than each half of the angled dorsal

face, 4.25-6 mm long, 2.25-2.5 mm broad. narrowly marginate, smooth

or slightlv scurfy, dorsallv glabrous, ventrally glabrous or whitish-

hispidulous above, straightish or slightly curved, suberect or patulous,

base spongy-lurgid, scarcely stipitate, gradually beaked above ; beak

subtrigonous or plano-convex, glabrescent or ventrally minutely hispi-

dulous. Achene obovoid, oblong-obovoid, or ellipsoid, angles promi¬

nent, pale, faces flattish to concave, becoming dark brown, 3-3.5 mm

long, 2 mm broad, base abruptly or subabruptly, shortly stipitate,

apex rounded, abruptly and very shortly beaked. Style- base pyrami-

dally thickened.

Thaii.and-Bi’rma border : Tripagodas, about 40 km. north of

Wangka on sandy soil, 280 m„ 9 May 1946, Wichian (Kwae Noi River

Basin Exped. 1946, No. 400) (K) !

Thailano : N. Thailand : Cliiengmai, Doi Sutep, open ground.

330 m„ 28 July 1911, Kerr 1929 (BM, K) ! Cent. Thailand ; Saraburi,

Menam Sak, in mixed decîduous forest, ± 30 m., 6 June 1923, Kerr

7062 (BM, K) ! ; Pen. Thailand : Prachuap, Kao Ngoen, Payawn, ever-

green forest, ± 200 m., 8 July 1926, Kerr 10,905 (K) ! ; Langsuan, Ta-

kaw, 13 June 1928, Pal 1629 (K) !

Tonc.king : W. Tongking ; Hao Nho, on inountains near Ninh Binh.

1883-85, Bon 724 (PV ! ; on the mountains of Nhan Phan, Bon 1316.

Laos : Exped. Me-Kong, 1866-68, Paklaë, Thorel 2949 (P)!

Camhodia : Compong Chalnang, July 1921, Petelot 239 (P) !

Cochin China : [without précisé locality] Pierre (P) !

India, Sumatra, Java.

C. courtallensis Boott, based on Wight 991 from south India, is

in my opinion conspecific with C. speciosa. Its leaves are no wider

than those of the latter species. There is, however, an allied plant in

India with wider leaves which Kükenthal, erroneously as I think,

associated with Boott’s epithet. There is a similarly wide-leaved plant

Source : MNHN, Paris

162

E. NELMES.

from Thailand (Chiengmai, Doi Sutep, evergreen jungle, 900 m., 6

June 1914, Kerr 3226), at Kew, too immature for one to be certain

as to its identity or otherwise with the Indian plant, and E. G. Camus

cites gatherings by Pierre and Thorel from Tongking, which may be

the saine thing. Until more and better material is available, both from

India and Indo-China, the correct treatment of these wide-leaved plants

inust wait.

Var. ? angustifolia Boott, Illustr. 1 : 52 (1858). — India, Wight

3175 ; J. D. Hooker.

Tufted. Rhizome slender, short. Stems erect or somewhat cur-

ved, 7-20 cm tall, 0.3-0.5 mm thick, smooth, clothed, below the leaves,

by fuscous semi-fibrous leaf-sheaths. Leaves basal and subbasal,

mostly longer than the stems, 1.5-2 mm Avide, margins strongly revo¬

lute, apices attenuated. Spikes 1-2, widely spaced when 2, more or

Iess cylindric, 1-2 cm long, femalc part 2-3 mm thick, usually longer

or much longer than but sometimes about as long as the slender, ta-

pering male part, second spike on an exserted, slender, smooth pedun-

cle. Bract of the latéral spikes foliaceous, exceeding or exceeded by

the stem, sheathing. Female glumes ovate or oblong-triangular, deeply

cymbiform, apex subacute to obuse, 2.25-3 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide,

glabrous, slenderly brownish nervose, midrib not excurrent. Utricles

(immature) obovoid but tapering below, 3.5-4 mm long, 1-1.25 mm

broad, very narrowly marginate, sparsely hispidulous, mainly in lon¬

gitudinal Unes, straightish or slightly curved, suberect, scarcely or

shortly and spongy stipitate, subabruptlv beaked ; beak subcylindric,

narrowly marginate, glabrescent or sparsely hispidulous-margined.

Achene (only 1 examined) oblong-ellipsoid, 2 mm long, 1 mm broad,

scarcely stipitate or beaked. Style- base thickened.

Tongking : Chapa, massif of the Sang ta Van Chapa, humus

among rocks, Aug. 1930, Petelot 6212 (P) ! ; calcareous rock fissures,

± 1800 m., summit of Sang là Van, Chapa, July 1943, Petelot 8543

(K) !

India.

This is a still smaller plant than the typical Indian form of this

variety, but I ain unwilling to give it a separate epithet now because

of the great polymorphism of C. speciosa and its need of spécial studv.

Skct. 18. Rhomboidales Kiikenth. in

Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 622 (1909).

Stems often latéral. Leaves often wide, fiat. Spikes 2-6, terminal

male, cylindric or clavate, latéral female or androgynaeceous, lax- to

subdense-flowered. Bracts usually short, sheathing. Female glumes

more or less oblong to lanceolate, fulvous or whitish, muticous to

longly aristate. Utricles rhomboid, ellipsoid, or obovoid, sometimes

subinflated, often large, multinerved, usually subabruptly beaked ;

beak long or very long, bidentate. Achene ellipsoid to obovoid, faces

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

163

often fliiltish above, convex at the iniddle and concave below, often

medianly sunk into a cavity on the angles, apex of beak often discoid-

annulate. Style- base usually much thickencd. Stigmas 3.

Leaves 3-8 mm wide ; spikes 1-1.5 cm long ; female glumes 5-5.5 mm

long. 56. C. ? hoozanensis.

Leaves 5-22 mm wide ; spikes 2.5-8 cm long ; female glumes 2.75-5

mm long :

Utricles ellipsoid, 7-10.5 mm long, glabrous ; achene ellipsoid, 4-5.5

mm long, apex discoid-annulate . 54. C. anomocarya.

Utricles obovoid, 5-6 mm long, sparsely pubescent ; achene obovoid,

2-3 mm long, apex not discoid-annulate. 55. C. thibetica.

54. Carex anomocarya Nelmes.

Carex anomocarya Nelmes in Kern Bull. 1950 : 202 (1950) ;

Nelmes, 383. — Java, Winckel 1692 B.

Carex manca Boott var. contigua R. Gross in Notizbl. Bot. Gart.

Berl. 14 : 193 (1938). — Tongking, Petelot 6127.

Carex harlandii Boott f. longibracteata Gross in Notizbl. Bot. Gart.

Berl. 14 : 193 (1938). — Tongking, Petelot 1323.

Loosely lufted. Rhizome short. Stems central, erect, angles obtuse

to acute, 30-70 cm tall, 1.5-2 mm thick below, smooth, including the

rhachis. Leaves basal, most much exceeding the stems, 5-22 mm wide,

apiccs attenuated, not or only slightly septate-nodulose. Spikes 3-4,

uppermost latéral spike rarely twinned, erect, terminal slenderly

cylindric, 2.5-6 cm long, its « peduncle » abruptly much more slender

than the rest of the stem, latéral spikes female, oblong-cylindric,

3.5-8 cm long, 6-10 mm thick, ail except lowest approximate and fasti-

giate including the male spike, lowest often distant, on shortly or very

shortly exserted peduncles ; peduncles smooth. Bracts of the latéral

spikes foliaceous, decreasing rapidlv in size from lowest to uppermost,

from not nearly reaching to exceeding the apex of the terminal spike,

shortly sheathing ; sheaths pale and membranous in front or at the

mouth, subampliate ; male spike ebracteate or bract in form of long-

awned glume. Female glumes oblong, sometimes gradually narrowing

upwards, rarely oblong-lanceolate, cymbiforin to flattish, apex sub-

truncate or subbilobed-emarginale, rarely more gradually merging

into the awn, 3-5 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, dirtv-white, marginal

third on each side thin and nerveless, ciliolate round the apex, central

part thickened by midrib and 2 equally strong adjacent nerves, which

converge upwards and coalesce at or beyond the apex in a tapering,

smooth or scaberulous-margined awn, 2-10 mm long. Utricles distor-

ted-ellipsoid, the surface being uneven wûth concavities and convexi-

ties corresponding to the surface of the achene, subinflated, 7-10.5 mm

long, 2-2.8 mm broad, glabrous, scarcely marginate, straight, beco-

rning subpatulous or patulous, base spongy but scarcely stipitate, sub-

Mémoikbs m; Muséum. — Botanique, i. IV. 12

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

164

gradually or subabruptly beaked ; beak conipressed, 2.5-4 mm long,

basally inflated, scarcely tapering upwards, glabrous, dorsally nar-

rowly and ventrally broadly pale-grooved, green-margined ; teeth lan-

ceolate, 0.75-1.75 mm long, diverging, pale, nearly smooth ; mouth

not oblique. Achene ellipsoid, distorted-trigonous, 4-5.5 mm long,

0.8-2 mm broad, faces flattish above, convex in the middle, concave

below, angles deeply sunk into a cavity at the centre, abruptly,

shortly, pale, and sometimes bent-stipitate, abruptly or subabruptly

beaked ; beak cylindric, 0.5-1 mm long, sometimes flexuous, expan-

ding into a discoid-annulate pale apex.

Tongking : Cho bo, 4 April 1909, Alleizette (P) ! massif of Tam

Dao, ± 900 ni., Jan. 1922, Petelot 423 ; ibid., ± 900 m., Feb. 1923,

Petelot 1323, partim (P) ! ; ibid., forest path, ± 1200 m., April 1930,

Petelot 6127 (B, ? destroyed) ; ibid., humid forest, ± 1100 m., Dec.

1930, Petelot 6131 (BOG) !

Annam : massif of Lang-Bian, Grand Piton Lang-Bian near the

village of Beneur, 1500-2000 m., 15 Feb. 1916, Chevalier 30,868 (P) !

Prov. of Quang Tri ; massif of Dong Che, 700 m., soil clayey, forest,

22 May 1924, Poilane 11,282 (P) ! ; Prov. of Dong Tri, under ancient

forest, rather poor clayey-schistous soil, 800-900 m., 11 March 1936,

Poilane 25,336 (P) ! ; Nui Bach Ma station, near Huê, ancient forest,

1400 m., 12 April 1939, Poilane 29,620, 29,621 (P) ! [without locality],

Poilane 32,833 (P) ! Prov. of Kontum ; Nui Dai Ding, near Dak Gley,

granitic soil, 1200 m., 21 Jan. 1947, Poilane 32,844 (K, P) !

Hainan, Sumatra, Java.

I hâve not seen Petelot numbers 423 and 6127, and place them

here with some diffidence.

55. Carex thibetica Franch.

Carex thibetica Franch., PI. David. 2 : 141 (1888) et in Nouv.

Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris, 3. sér., 9 : 177 (1897) ! Kiikenth., 626,

fig. 106, A-E ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 199,

fig. 29 (1-4) (1921). — China, Moupine, David.

Tufted. Rhizome short, stout. Stem suberect to curved-flexuous,

arising singly from lower leaf-axils, angles obtuse, 25-55 cm tall, 0.5-

1.25 mm thick, smooth, clothed with subherbaceous, sheathing, short-

bladed acuminate leaves which are similar to the bracts and inuch

smaller than the foliage leaves. Leaves arising from a short shoot,

mostly slightly shorter to somewhat longer than the stems, erect to

oblique, sometimes slightly curved, 10-18 mm wide, apices acuminate

to attenuated, lower shorter-bladed and spadiceous at the base, not or

scarcely sheathing. Spikes 3-5, single, upper subapproximate and sub-

fastigiate, lower more distantly spaced, 3-6.5 cm long, terminal slen-

derly cylindric but tapering above, latéral androgynaeceous, suberect,

male part a Iittle longer to a little shorter than the female part, upper

on scarcely to shortly lower on longly exserted peduncles ; peduncles

Source : MNHM, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

165

very slender. B mets consisting mainly of a long sheath, the longly

acuminate bladc being subherbaceous and much shorter than the

spike. Female glumes usually lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, some-

times ovate, cymbiform-incurved to flattish above, apex acute or sub-

acute, rarely subobtuse, 2.75-4 mm long, 1.25-2 mm wide, glabrous,

dirtv white to reddish-fulvous, especially above, margins not whitish-

hyaline, midrib usually excurrent in a smooth awn up to 1 mm long.

Utricles obovoid, inflated-trigonous, 5-6 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad,

very narrowly marginate, sparsely or very sparsely and shortly hispi-

dulous-pubescent, straightish, becoming patulous, shortly stipitate,

abruptly or subabruptly beaked ; beak compressed, scarcely or sligh-

tly tapering, 2-2.75 mm long, often slightly basally or subbasally

inflated, glabrous or glabrescent, very narrowly to scarcely margi¬

nate ; teeth lanceolate, 0.4-0.5 mm long, diverging, pale, smooth.

Achene obovoid or oblong-obovoid, distorted-trigonous, 2-3 mm long,

1.25-1.5 mm broad, faces flattish above or somewhat convex, especially

at the middle, angles deeply sunk into a cavity at the centre, abruptly,

shortly, pale and sometimes bent-stipitate, abruptly or subabruptly

very shortly extremely bent, pale beaked, apex not discoid-annulate.

Laos : near Attopeu, Harmand.

China.

Harmand’s specimen is unknown to me and I add it here on the

authority of E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine. A descrip¬

tion of the species is given above.

56. Carex ? hoozanensis Hayata.

Carex ? hoozanensis Hayata, le. PI. Formosa, 10 : 67, fig. 44 (1921).

Formosa, Hoozan, Hayata.

Densely tufted. Stems apparently latéral, erect to oblique, 8-30 cm

tall, 0.5-0.6 mm thick throughout or broadening above to 8 mm,

smooth below, rough just below the inflorescence. Leaves on short

stérile shoots, about as long as the longer stems to much exceeding

them, 3-8 mm wide, apices attenuated. Spikes (2-) 3, upper approxi-

mate and fastigiate and forming a terminal inflorescence 2-2.5 cm

long, or lowest rarely more distant, terminal erect, cylindric, 1-1.5 cm

long, apex acuminate, latéral spikes female, erect or suberect, 1-1.3 cm

long 3-4 mm thick on shortly to scarcely exserted peduncles ;

peduncles and rhachis smooth to hispidulous on the angles. Bracts of

the female spikes subfoliaceous, erect to oblique, lower exceeding the

apex of the male spike, shortly sheathing ; sheaths subampliate, den¬

sely hispidulous, mouth bilobed-truncate ; lowest glume of male spike

long-awned. Female glumes lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, flattish to

cymbiform, acuminate, apex usually narrowly bilobed-truncate but

sometimes subacute, 5-5.5 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, pale, tinged gree-

nish above and brownish below, thin except for a thicker, greenish,

Mémoires du Muséum. — Botanique, t. IV. 13

Source : MNHN, Paris

E. NELMES.

narrow central stripe, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves coalescing above

and excurrent, froni a point a little below the apex of the glume, in a

hispidulous-margined awn, 1.3-2.5 mm long. Utricles rather immature,

narrowly ellipsoid, compressed trigonous, the only one nearly mature

9.5 mm long, 2 mm broad, not marginate, glabrous, straight to slightly

curved above, subpatulous, tapering to a shortly and stoutly brown-

stipitate base, tapering above and slightly expanding into a bulbous

apex, which is subabruptly beaked ; beak narrowly marginate, about

3 mm long, palish ; teeth linear, slender, 0.8-1 mm long, minutely

hispidulous-margined ; mouth slightly dorsally oblique. Achene (only

1 examined — from the most mature utricle) ellipsoid, angles com¬

pressed, 5.25 mm long, 2 mm broad, angles deeply sunk into a cavity

at the centre, shortly stipitate, abruptly and longly beaked ; beak tri¬

gonous with concave sides, about 0.4 mm thick, bent to the right at

the base and bent back to the left near the apex, slightly twisted, apex

expanded 0.6 mm in diameter, discoid-annulate, pale.

Tongking : Massif of Tarn Dao, ± 900 m., Dec. 1930, Petelot 6129

(BOG) !

Formosa.

The following plant may belong here but it is too immature to be

determined with certainty.

Annam : Vinh prov., massif of Len Ca, near the Song Tong, calca-

reous rock, ± 390 m., 27 Julv 1929, Poilnne 16,469 (P) !

Sect. 19. Tumidae Kükenth.

in Engl. Pflanzenr. TV, 20 : 611 (1909).

Terminal spike male or gynaecandrous, latéral spikes female or

androgynaeceous, erect, rarelv cernuous. Bracts sheathing or not.

Utricles subinflated-trigonous, patulous to patent, sometimes nitidous,

pluri- or multinerved. Style- base not or slightly thickened. Stigmas 3.

Stems often hispidulous on the three sides towards the apex ;

female glumes 1-1.8 mm long ; utricles hispidulous.

. 58. C. nemostachys.

Stems glabrous on the sides; female glumes 1.25-3 mm long;

utricles glabrous :

Bracts sheathing the stem ; leaves 4-8 mm wide ; female glumes

1.75-3 mm long. 59. C. cedorrhampha.

Bracts not or scarcely sheathing the stem ; leaves 6-11 mm

wide ; female glumes 1.25-1.5 mm long .... 57. C. baviensis.

57. Carex baviensis Franch.

Carex baviensis Franch. in i\ 'ouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., Paris,

3 sér. 10 : 77, t. 8, fig. 2 (1898) ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén.

Indo-Chine, 7 : 198, fig. 28 (9-12) (1922) ; Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 :

13, 27 (1946). — Tongking, Balansa 2825.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GEN US CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

167

Tufted. Stem erect, angles very prominent, narrowly winged

above, faces usually concave, sinooth except the scaberulous angles

of the rhachis, 58 cm tall, about 2.5 mm thick throughout. Leaves

basal and subbasal, lowest reduced to a few leafless sheaths or cata-

phylls, and one leaf about half-way up the stem, shorter than to nearly

equalling the stem, 6-11 mm wide, fiat. Spikes 5, erect or suberect,

possibly subcernuous, upper approximate, lower subapproximate,

denseflowered, cylindric, forming a terminal inflorescence about 10 cm

long, terminal male, 6 cm long, about 1 mm thick, latéral spikes

female, or androgynaeceous with male apices much shorter than the

female bases, 3.5-7.S cm long, 4-5 mm thick, scarcely to rather longly

peduncled, lower scarcely laxer towards the base ; peduncles stoutish,

lower narrowly winged, smooth or scaberulous on the wings. Bracts

of the lower spikes foliaceous, much exceeding the stem, upper bracts

very much reduced, shorter to much shorter than their spikes, not or

scarcely sheathing. Female plumes oblong-obovate to spathulate, flat-

tish above, apex bilobed-emarginate, 1.25-1.5 mm long, about 0.75 mm

wide, thin, whitish or dirty-white, midrib, with two adjacent nerves

forming a thicker central stripe, coalescing above, excurrent in a gra-

dually tapering, often curved, hispidulously-margined awn 1-1.5 mm

long. Utricles more or less ellipsoid, 3-3.25 mm long, 1-1.2 mm broad,

distinctly multinerved, glabrous, narrowly inarginate, straight, light

brown, reddish-brown spotted, base spongy-thickened but not stipi-

tate, subgradually narrowing at the apex into a beak which is subte-

rete, very gradually tapering, about 1 mm long, glabrous, not inflated,

rather pale ; mouth oblique, entire to bidentulate. Achene ellipsoid or

obovoid-ellipsoid, angles obtuse, faces flattish, 1.25-1.5 mm long,

0.9 mm broad, not stipitate, erostrate.

Tongking : Mt. Bavi, margins of forests, 19 July 1886, Balansa

2825 (K, P) !

Kiikenthal (Engler, Pflanzenreich, IV, 20 : 620 : 1909) placed

this Balansa gathering under C. japonica Thunb. var. chlorostachps

(Don) Kükenth.

58. Carex nemostachys Steud.

Carex nemostachys Steud. in Flora, 29 : 23 (1846) ; Kükenth.,

615 ; Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 12, 27 (1946). — Japan, Gôring 13.

Carex excurva Boott, Illustr. 1 : 57, t. 150 (1858). — India,

Hooker and Thomson.

Rhizome longly creeping, clothed with large sheathing scales or

their fibrous remains. Stems erect, angles prominent, often acute,

faces flattish or shallowly concave, 30-83 cm tall, 1-3.5 mm thick

below, smooth below, angles sGabrid above, often scaberulous on the 3

faces at the apex and throughout the rhachis, especially near the

nodes, surrounded at the base with a few r pale brown to fuscous lea¬

fless sheaths and their fibrous remains. Leaves on the lower third *o

Source : MNHN, Paris

168

E. NELMES.

half of the stem, mostly much exceeding the stem, 4-11 mm wide, appa-

rently distichous, conduplicate below, fiat or flattish above, longly shea-

thing ; sheaths brown, Ihinly membranous, readily fraying in front into

strips or herring-bone-shaped fibres, mouth concave. Spikes 5-7 (9),

erect or suberect, less often slightly cernuous, approximate to subap-

proximate and fastigiale or subcorymbose, except the lowest w'hich is

soinetimes more distant, cylindric, dense-flowered, lower often laxer

towards the base, forming a terminal inflorescence 7.5-25 cm long, ter¬

minal male, pale, rarely a shorter one just below it, 4-12.5 cm long,

1.5-4 mm thick, latéral female, fuscous, 3-14 cm long, 4-7 mm thick,

ali sessile or subsessile, or lo’wer shortly peduncled, less commonly

lowest with a peduncle nearly 4 cm long ; peduncles smooth or spar-

sely covered with small pale bristly hairs, angles smooth or sparsely

scabrid. Bracts of the lower spikes foliaceous or subfoliaceous, excee-

ding or exceeded bv the terminal spike, upper bracts subherbaceous,

shorter than their spikes or glumiform with long awns, none shea-

thing, except that of the lower at least basal pale auricles surround

the stem and are concave in front, lowest less commonly shortly shea-

thing. Cladoprophylls well developed, probably due to the bracts not

sheathing the stem in the upper female spikes, utriculiform below,

bright-reddish and split open above. Female glumes lanceolate, oblong-

lanceolale or oblong-ovate, cymbiform, apex subacute to very obtuse,

1-1.8 mm long, 0.3-1 mm wide, very thin, glabrous, whitish, midrib

and two strong adjacent nerves, coalescing above, excurrent in a flat¬

tish, hispidulous-margined awn, 1-4.5 mm long. IJtricles ellipsoid,

ellipsoid-obovoid, or obovoid, 3-4 mm long, about 1 mm broad, slen-

derly pluri-nerved, scarcely marginate, hispidulous but sparsely so

below, light olive brown, scarcely stipitate, apex abruptly or suba-

bruptly beaked ; beak slightly tapering, subterete, 1-1.75 mm long,

hispidulous, usually more or less reflexed, sometimes straightish ;

mouth oblique, glabrous, pale with a reddish base, apex entire, beco-

ming erose. Achene obovoid, ellipsoid-obovoid, or oblong-obovoid,

faces shallowly concave, especially below, 1.25-2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm

broad, scarcely stipitate, a very short but bent and twisted beak at the

apex. Style- base bent and sometimes slightly twisted. Stigmas long

and slender, reddish.

Thailand : E. Thailand ; Koral, Bukanum, on sandbank in

stream, c. 400 m., 5 Jan. 1925, Kerr 9847 (BM, K) !

Assam, Bengal, Upper Burma, China, Japan.

59. Caiex œdoirhampha Nelmes.

Carex ædorrhampha Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1939 : 659 (1939) ;

Nelmes, 396. — New name for C. tumida Boott.

Carex tumida Boott, Illustr. 1 : 66, t. 181 (1858) ; C. B. Clarke, 16 ;

Kiikenth., 615 ; non C. tumida Beilschm. (1850). — India, Hooker f.

Tufted. Stems erect, angles prominent, faces often concave, 50-

114 cm tall, 1.75-3 mm thick below, scarcely more slender upwards,

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

169

smooth, including most of the rhachis, which is sometimes scaberu-

lous above. Leaues basal, with 1-2 higher up, subdistichous, lower

basal ones short-bladed, few of the lowest reduced to reddish-purple

sheaths, most Ieaves about as long as the stem, 4-8 mm wide, condu-

plicate below, flattish to plicate above, apices longly attenuated ;

sheaths often dark reddish-brown or reddish-purple, membranous in

front and readily fraying into thin strips. Spikes 4-8, erect or suberect,

or subcernuous, upper approximate and fastigiate, lower or lowest

distant, rarely one with a small spike at its base, cylindric, subdense-

flowered, lower sometimes laxer towards the base, 2-12 cm long,

forming a terniinal inflorescence 9-90 cm long, terminal male, 1-3 mm

thick, latéral spikes female, 4-7 mm tnick, uncommonly androgynae-

ceous with male apices 5-7 mm long, upper on scarcely or shortly,

lower on longly or very longly exserted peduncles ; peduncles rather

slender, usually hispidulous, especially on the angles. Bracts of the

latéral spikes usually foliaceous and much cxceeding the stem, but

uppermost sometimes much reduced, upper shortly lower longly to

very longly sheathing ; bract of the inale spike short, setaceous to

subfoliaceous, half or more as long as the spike ; sheaths ferrugineous

and often scabrid at the mouth, otherwise glabrous or sparsely scurfy-

scabrid. Female glumes oblong-lanceolate to ovate lanceolate, cymbi-

form, apex often truncate-obtuse, 1.75-3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide,

glabrous or sparsely hispidulous in places, especially near the midrib,

whitish or pale, sometimes with castaneous spots and patches, mar-

gins irregularly whitish, midrib, with 2 adjacent coalescing nerves,

excurrent in a sparsely hispidulous or serrulate-margined awn,

0.75-2 mm long. Utricles obovoid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 3-3.75 mm long,

1-1.25 mm broad, raised pluri-nerved, glabrous, narrowly marginate,

straight, Iurid, becoming fuscous-brown, not or scarcely stipitate,

subgradually or subabruptly beaked ; beak subterete, 1-1.3 mm long,

glabrous, narrowly marginate, palish, gradually tapering but slightly

to conspicuously inflated at or below the middle ; mouth minutely

notched, becoming erose and often subentire. Achene ellipsoid or

slightly oblong-ellipsoid, angles prominent, faces flattish, or concave

below, 2-2.25 mm long, 0.9-1.2 mm broad, minutely puncticulate,

scarcely stipitate, beaked ; beak cylindric, about 2 mm long, straight

or bent. Stigmas small and caducous.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chiengmai, Doi Intanon, ± open

swainpv ground, 2 May 1921, Kerr 5317 (BM, K) !

Annam : Thai Ngayaen prov. ? Don Du, Eberhardt 3950 (K) !

Dran, 14 June 1921, Hagata 898 (K, P) !

India, China, Malaysia.

Sect. 20. Hirtae Tuckerm.,

Enum. Meth. 14 (1843).

Rhizome longly creeping. Stems leafy only in the lower third.

Leaues septate-nodulose ; sheaths splitting in front into herring-bone

Source : MNHN, Paris

170

E. NELMES.

shaped fibres. Spikes 4-8 (12), upper 2-5 (7) male, others female. Bracts

foliaceous, only lowest or lower sheathing. Female glumes mucronate

or aristate. Utricles often turgid or suhinflated-trigonous, strongly

nerved, usually hairy-hispidulous, beak bidentate or oblique at the

apex. Achenes often with prominent angles and liât or concave faces,

beak often bent. Stigmas 3.

Awns of female glumes 1.5-5 mm long ; utricles 4-6 mm long, beak

1.75-2 mm long ; achenes ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid .

. 62. C. sacerdotis.

Awns of female glumes 0-2 mm long ; utricles 3.5-5 mm long, beak

0.75-1.3 mm long ; achenes ovoid, oblanceolate, ellipsoid or

oblong-ellipsoid :

Leaves 5-7 mm wide ; female glumes oblong-elliptic, 3.25-4 mm

long ; utricles obovoid or ellipsoid, gradually beaked, mouth

extremely dorsallv oblique . 60. C. chaetoggne.

Leaves 2-5 mm wide ; female glumes ovate, ovate-lanceolate or

oblong-lanceolate, 2.S-3.5 mm long ; utricles usually ovoid or

oblong-ovoid, usually abruptly beaked, mouth not or scarcely

oblique . 61. C. fedia.

60. Carex chaetogyne Nelmes.

Carex chaetoggne Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 9, 27 (1946). —

Thailand, Kerr 5094.

Not tufted. Rhizome curvcd-ascending, clothed with the fibrous

remains of sheathing scales. Stem erect, angles subacute, 56 cm tall,

about 1.5 mm thick above the basal sheathed part, smooth, including

the rhachis, surrounded al the base by the withered remains of sheaths.

Leaves basal and subbasal, mostly exceeding the stems, 5-7 mm wide,

Hat or flattish, with margins sometimes revolute above ; sheaths pale

brown, thinly membranous in front. Spikes 8, erect to subpatulous,

upper 6 contiguous to approximate, or subapproximate, lower 2 at

nodes about 8 cm apart, binate at a iniddle node, others single, cylin-

dric, 1-3 cm long, 3-4.5 cm thick, dense-flowered except lower 2 which

are sublax towards the base, ail sessile except the lowest which is on

a smooth exserted peduncle, upper 5 male or lowest of these andro-

gynaeceous, lower 3 female. Female glumes oblong-elliptic, cymbiform,

apex obtuse, usually very obtuse or bilobed-emarginate, 3.25-4 mm

long, 1.25-2 mm wide, glabrous, whitish with a submarginal brownish

zone, margins becoming erose, midrib and 2 strong adjacent nerves,

coalescing above, excurrent in a flattish, smooth or finely ciliolate-

margined awn, 1-1.5 mm long. Utricles obovoid or ellipsoid, obscurely

trigonous, 4-4.5 mm long, 1.4-1.6 mm broad, scarcely marginale,

densely pale subadpressed-hispidulous, straightish to much curved or

bent, dark brown below, paler above, not stipitate, gradually beaked

above ; beak slightly tapering, flattish or subterete, 1-1.3 mm long,

glabrous or glabrescent, pale, bidentate ; mouth extremely dorsally

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-GHINA.

171

oblique ; teeth lobe-like, short, straight or slightly divergent. Achene

ovoid or oblanccolate, angles conspicuous, faces concave, about 2 mm

long and 1 mm broad, scarcely stipitate ; beak trigonous-cylindric,

0.3-0.4 mm long, forming with the achene a slight curve. Style -base

slightly thickened, glabrous below, densely and minutely whitish-

setulose towards the stigmas. Stigmas stoulish, densely covered with

small whitish protubérances.

Thailand : N. Thailand ; Chiengrai, Muang Pan ; in dry mud by

river, c. 400 m„ 17 March 1931, Kerr 5094 (BM, K) !

Endémie.

61. Carex tedia Nees.

Carex fedia Nees in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 129 (1834) ; Krecz.

in Komarov, Fl. SSSR, 3 : 417 (1935) ; Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 9,

27 (1946). — India, Royle 114.

C. wallichiana Presc. in Wall., List PI. E. Ind. Comp. Mus. 118

(1828), nomen ; ex Nees in Wight, Contrib. Bot. Ind. 129 (1834) ;

C. B. Clarke, 16 ; Kükenth., 749 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén.

Indo-Chine, 7 : 201, fig. 29 (9-11) (1922) ; non Spreng. — India,

Wallich 3380.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome clothed at first with sheathing scales

which soon fray into fibres. Stems erect, acutely angled, 20-80 cm tall,

1-3 mm thick below, smooth except on the rhachis where the angles

are sometimes sparsely scaberulous, surrounded at the base by fuscous

or spadiceous cataphlls. Leaves basal and subbasal, shorter to longer

than the stems, 2-5 mm wide, fiat or flattish ; sheaths palish, thinly

meinbranous in front. Spikes 4-8 (12), single, erect or suberect, 1-5 cm

long, dense-flowered, upper 2-5 (7) male, slenderly cylindric, 1.5-4.5

mm thick, contiguous to approximate and usually fastigiate or sub-

fastigiate, latéral male spikes sessile, remaining 2-3 (4) female, cylin¬

dric, 5-8 mm thick, upper or sometimes ail subapproximate and sessile

or subsessile, lower usually more distantly spaced and shortly

peduncled, sometimes lowest peduncle exserted from a short sheath ;

peduncles slender, smooth. Female glumes ovate, ovate-lanceolate,

or oblong-lanceolate, cymbiform, lower margins sometimes involute,

apex acute to obtuse or subtruncate, 2.5-3.5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide,

glabrous, dirty white to bright brownish, margins sometimes whitish-

hyaline above, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves, coalescing above, in a

wide pale stripe, usually excurrent in a sparsely hispidulous margined

awn up to 2 mm long. Utricles usually ovoid or oblong-ovoid,

sometimes ellipsoid, 3.5-5 mm long, 2-2.2 mm broad, not or very

narrowly marginate, densely palish hispidulous-pubescent, straight or

straightïsh, pale to brownish, scarcely to very shortly stipitate, usually

abruptly but sometimes subabruptly beaked ; beak scarcely tapering,

plano-convex to subcylindric, 0.75-1.25 mm long, glabrous or hispi¬

dulous, scarcely or narrowly marginate, palish, bidentate ; mouth

not or scarcely dorsally oblique ; teeth 0.25-0.75 mm long, straight

Source : MNHN, Paris

172

E. NELMES.

to very divergent. Achene ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, apex slightly

rounded, faces flattish or slightly concave below, 2.75-3 mm long

(including stipe and beak), 1.25-1.75 mm broad, shortly but distinctly

stipitate ; beak cylindric-trigonous, 0.4-0.6 mm long, slightly to

extremely bent. Style- base not or scarcely thickened.

Lower Burma : Pegu, Kurz 2696.

Afghanistan, India, China.

62. Carex sacerdotis Nelmes.

Carex sacerdotis Nelmes, sp. nou. ; affinis C. fediae Nees, sed

glumariim feminearum aristis longioribus, utriculis longioribus,

achaeniis interdam rhomboideo - ellipsoideis praecipue differt. —

Tongking, Bon 1976.

Tufted. Rhizome clothed with sheathing scales. Stems erect, angles

prominent, 30-50 cm tall, 1-1.5 mm tliick, smooth, including the

rhachis, surrounded at the base bv reddish-brown or paler cataphylls.

Leaves basal and subbasal, shorter to longer than the stems, 2.5-5.5

mm wide, fiat or flattish ; sheaths pale brown, thinly membranous

in front. Spikes 6-7, single, erect or suberect, dense-flowered, upper

3-4 male, slenderly cylindric, 1.5-3 mm thick, terminal 2.5-3.5 cm,

latéral 1-2 cm, long, contiguous to approximate, and fastigiate or sub-

fastigiate, latéral male spikes sessile, remaining 2-4 female, cylindric,

1-5 cm long, 5-9 mm thick, upper usually subapproximate and sub-

sessile or shortly peduncled, lower, less commonly ail, more distantly

spaced and shortly to longly or very longly peduncled ; peduncles

slender, smooth. Female glumes tapering-oblong or lanceolate-oblong,

flattish with involute margins, apex very obtuse to subtruncate,

2.25-3 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, glabrous, bright brownish, midrib

and 2 strong adjacent nerves, coalescing above, in a broad pale stripe,

excurrent in a flattish, ciliolate-hispidulous-margined awn 1.5-5 mm

long. Utricles ovoid, ovoid-lanceolate, or ellipsoid, 4-6 mm long,

1.75-2 mm broad, narrowly marginate, densely pale subadpressed-

hispidulous, straight or straightish, dark brown, shortly stipitate,

subabruptly beaked ; beak not or scarcely tapering, plano-convex,

1.75-2 mm long, glabrous or glabrescent, marginate, hispidulous-

margined, palish, bidentate ; mouth scarcely to moderately dorsally

oblique ; teeth 0.5-1 mm long, slightly to extremely divergent. Achene

ellipsoid or rhomboid-ellipsoid, much tapering at each end but espe-

cially at the base, angles prominent, faces concave below, about 3 mm

long (including beak), about 1.4 mm broad, scarcely stipitate ; beak

cylindric-trigonous, 0.5-1 mm long, somewhat bent. Style-hase not or

scarcely thickened.

Tongking : West Tongking ; in streams among mountains

between Lan Mat and Lat Son, 15 March 1883, Bon 1976 (K, P) 1 ;

ibid. [without précisé localityl, Bon 2856 (P) ! ; ibid. [without précisé

locality], Bon 4128. This last Bon number is cited by Kükenthal in

his monograph under C. umllichiana Presc., but it probably belongs

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

173

here. I hâve nol seen it. E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chiné,

7 : 201, fig. 29 (9-11) (19221 describes (presumably) and cites the

above-mentioned gatherings, as « Tonkin : vers Ninh-binh (Bon) »,

under C. wallichiana Presc.

Endémie.

Differs from C. fedia Nees in its longer, more tapering utricles

with much longer beaks and its achene which is ellipsoid or

rhomboid-ellipsoid with tapering apex (not oblong-ellipsoid with

rounded apex), and glumes with much longer awns, darker coloured

utricles, with different pubescence.

In this species I twice found 2 achenes in one utricle. The second

one w'as each time smaller and misshapen.

Sect. 21. Scleriiculmes Nelmes

in Kew Bull. 1951 : 121 (1951).

Rhizome shortly creeping. Stems yellowish, nearly whollv hidden

by leaf-sheaths. Leaves of normal kind onlv on the upper half of the

stem, merging above into the leafy bracts, decreasing below into

purplish or vinaceous bladeless sheaths, which clothe the lower half

of the stem, not septate-nodulose, liguliferous ; sheaths glabrous or

hispidulous. Spikes 4-9, terminal male, latéral female or androgynae-

ceous, subdense- or dense-flowered. Bracts foliaceous, lower, at least,

very much exceeding the stem, longly sheathing. Female glumes small,

pale but covered with small glandular reddish flecks and streaks.

Utricles small, ellipsoid or ellipsoid - obovoid, nerveless, densely

whitish-setulose, green with glandular reddish spots, subabruptly or

abruptly beaked. Achene obovoid or ellipsoid-obovoid. Style- base

thickened. Stigmas 3.

Only Indo-Chinese species . 63. C. maubertiana.

63. Carex maubertiana Boott.

Carex maubertiana Boott, Illustr. 1 : 45, t. 114 (1858) ; E. G. Ca¬

mus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 200, fig. 29 (1-8) (1922) ;

Nelmes, 408. — Cochinchina, Gaudichaud 69.

Carex hebecarpa C. A. Mey. var. maubertiana (Boott) Franch. in

Nouv. Arch. Mus. Paris, 3 sér. 10 : 70 (1898) ; Kükenth., 745.

Loosely tufted. Stems erect or suberect, or base sometimes

slightly curved, visible only for short lengths and only below and on

the rhachis, otherwise hidden by leaf-sheaths, 38-60 cm tall, 2-3 mm

thick below, smooth but angles sparselv scaberulous on the rhachis

above. Leaves exceeded by to far exceeding the stem, 3-7 mm wide,

flattish to strongly revolute, apices attenuated ; sheaths long, rather

tight, uppermost ones sparsely subadpressed-hispidulous in places ;

ligule obtuse, membranaceous, ferrugineous. Spikes erect or suberect,

cylindric, 1.5-4 cm long, upper 2-6 approximate or subapproximate,

fastigiate, on included or very shortly exserted peduncles, remainder

Source : MNHN, Paris

174

E. NELMES.

a littic farther apart, on scarcely to rather longly exserted peduncles,

terminal with rarely a much smaller one at its base, rarely a few

female flowers at the apex or interspersed, 1-2 mm thick, latéral

spikes female, or androgynaeceous with very few apical male flowers,

4-6 mm thick ; peduncles slender, bristlv. Bracts foliaceous but upper

reduced, mostly far exceeding the terminal spike ; sheaths hispi-

dulous, especially near the mouth ; bract of male spike a long-awned

gluine. Female glumes ovate, oblong-ovate, or triangular-ovate, flattish

or cymbiform to incurved, apex obtuse to rounded, 1.3-2 mm long,

1.25- 1.5 mm wide, glabrous, margins rather widely whitish-hyaline

and erose-ciliolate above, nerveless or very slenderly nervose, midrib

and 2 closely parallel nerves, forming a pale stripe, coalescing above,

from failing to reach the apex to excurrent in a mucro up to 0.3 mm

long. Utricles with obtuse angles, and flattish faces, 3-3.8 mm long,

1.25- 1.75 mm broad, becoming patulous, curved or bent below,

otherwise straightish, subabruptly narrowing below into a conic, mar-

ginate, glabrescent stipe-like base ; beak gradually tapering, plano-

convex, 1-1.2 mm long, marginate, setose and densely whitish setose-

margined, bidentate ; mouth not or slightly ventrally oblique ; teeth

straight. Achene distinctly angled, faces flat or shallowly concave,

2-2.4 mm long, 1-1.5 mm broad, stipe-like base bent, not or extremely

shortly beaked.

Annam : Tourane ; Jan. 1837, Gaudichaud 69 (P) ! Dalat, 3 June

1921, Hayata 188 (P) I

India, China, Malaysia.

The following specimen, which is too poorly developed to be

classified with certainty, seems to belong to Sect. Ferrugineae

Tuckerin., a section not otherwise known to be represented in Indo-

China.

Annam : summit of Nui Bach Ma station, a little south of Hué,

poor clayey-schistous soil in primitive forest, 1400-1500 m., 11 Sept.

1938, Poilàne 27,571 (P) !

Sect. 22. Praelongae (Kükenth.) Nelmes

in Reinwardtia, 1 : 421 (1951).

Subsect. Praelongae Kükenth. in Engl. Pflanzenr. IV, 20 : 345 (1909).

Rhizome creeping or tufted. Leaves with sheaths splitting in

front, often into herring-bone shaped fibres. Terminal spike male or

gynaècandrous, remainder often more or less female, often fastigiate,

more or less peduncled, often cernuous. Bracts not or lowest shortly

sheathing. Female glumes mucronate or aristate. Utricles and achenes

compressed-biconvex. Style- base not or slightly thickened. Stigmas 2.

Terminal spike male, latéral ones androgynaeceous or, less commonly,

wholly female ; utricles 2.25-3 (3.5) mm long. 66. C. phacota.

Upper 1-3 (4) spikes gynaècandrous, rarely male at each end, latéral

ones usually female ; utricles 3-4.5 mm long :

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GEN US CA R EX IN IND0-CH1NA.

175

Upper 2-3 (4) spikes gynaecandrous, remaining ones female or sonie

slightlv gynaecandrous ; female glumes oblong, oblong-ovate,

or elliptic, 3-3.75 mm long ; utricles 3.5-4.5 mm long, dorsally

5-7 nerved . 64. C. kerrii.

Terminal spike gynaecandrous, rarely male at each end, latéral

ones female or some slightly androgynaeceous ; female glumes

spathulate-oblong, 1.5-2.5 mm long ; utricles 3-3.75 mm long,

nerveless . 65. C. dimorpholepis.

64. Carex kerrii Nehnes.

Car ex kerrii Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1939 : 304-05 (1939) et 1946 :

7, 28 (1946). — Laos, Kerr 21,031.

Tufted. Rhizome short. Stems distinctly angled, 50-65 cm tall,

about 2 mm thick below, smoth below, angles sparsely scaberulous

just below and on the rhachis. Leaves basal and subbasal, lower

reduced to purplish-red, short-bladed leaves and leafless sheaths,

equalling or exceeding the stem, 4-5.5 mm wide, flattish, apices longly

attenuated ; sheaths purplish-red. Spikes 5-7 (9), cernuous, subap-

proximate and fastigiate, but lowest at a node 2.S-4.5 cm distant from

the next above, upper 2-3 (4) gynaecandrous, base less than half to

about two-thirds male, remaining spikes female or some slightly

gynaecandrous, female spikes cylindric, gynaecandrous spikes more

or less clavate, 3-7.5 cm long, female part 4-6 mm and male 1-2 mm

thick, subdense-flowered, base often laxer, mostly single, middle

spikes sometimes with a smaller spike from the same node ; peduncles

rather slender, smooth. Bracts of the lower spikes foliaceous, much

exceeding the terminal spike, upper bracts subfoliaceous to setaceous,

slightly exceeding to exceeded by the terminal spike. Female glumes

oblong, oblong-ovate or elliptic, shallowly cymbiform, apex usually

obtuse, sometimes rounded, less often subacute to acute, 3-3.75 mm

long, 1-1.5 mm wide, pale with light reddish spots below and on the

lower margins, otherwise blackish-red with indcfînite vinaceous

margins, midrib pale, excurrent in a mucro or awn, usually 0.25-0.5

mm but sometimes up to 1 mm or more long, smooth or sparsely

scaberulous-margined. Utricles mostly elliptic, 3.5-4.5 mm long, 1.2-1.8

mm broad, dorsally obscurely to rather strongly 5-7-nerved, ventrally

nearly nerveless to obscurely 2-5-nerved, marginate, margins usually

undulate and dorsally less commonly ventrally revolute above, gla-

brous, straightish, becoming subpatulous to patulous, brownish-

stramineous, minutely densely light reddish-glandular, base rounded-

cuneate and ventrally convex, not or scarcely stipitate, gradually

narrowed above into a beak, which is subterete, about 1.5 mm long,

glabrous, blackish-red ; mouth emarginate. Achene ovate, broadly

elliptic, or suborbicular, about 2.25 mm long, about 1.5 mm broad,

narrowed slightly below into a stout stipe-like base, subabruptly

beaked at the apex ; beak terete, slender, about 0.25 mm long.

Source : MNHN, Paris

176

E. NELMES.

Laos : Pu Bia ; in open patch in evergreen forest, about 2500 m.,

.13 April 1932, Kerr 21,031 (BM, K) !

65. Carex dimorpholepis Steud.

Carex dimorpholepis Steud., Syn. PI. Glum. II, Cyper. 214 (1855),

saltem pro porte ; Nelines in Kew Bull. 1946 : 7, 28 (1946). — No

specimen cited.

Carex cernua Boott, Illustr. 4 : 171, t. 578 (1867) ; C. B. Clarke, 6 ;

Kükenth., 353 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, 7 : 193

(1922), non C. cernua J. F. Gmel. (1791) nec C. cernua Phil. (1857-58).

— India, Griffith 1489.

Tufted. Rhizome very short. Stems erect, angles obtuse, 25-66 cm

tall, 1.5-2 mm thick, smooth below, angles sparsely hispidulous

towards the inflorescence, surrounded at the base, below the leaves,

by golden - brown to blackish - red leafless - sheaths or cataphylls.

Leaves basal and subbasal, mostly exceeding the inflorescence, 3.5-7

mm wide, fiat, apices longly attenuated, lower ones short-bladed ;

sheaths brown or pale in front, often with minute reddish-brown dots.

Spikes 3-8, single, middle ones rarely binate, rarely lowest with a

smaller spike branching from its base, subapproximate and fastigiate,

lowest one distant, cernuous, dense-flowered, terminal gynaecandrous,

male and female parts often about equal but variable in length, rarely

basal and upper third male and middle female, 3.25-7 cm long, male

part 2-4 mm thick, gradually thickening upwards, remainder female,

or sometimes with a few male flowers at the apices, rarely also at the

bases, cylindric, 2-6 cm long, 4-7 mm thick ; peduncles acutely angled,

angles hispid, except on the lowest which is usually smooth. Bracts

of the lower spikes foliaceous, exceeding to much exceeding the stem,

upper bracts reduced and exceeded by their spikes, terminal spike

ebracteate. Female glumes spathulatc-oblong, flattish, apex usually

bilobed-emarginate, less often roundcd-truncate, 1.5-2.5 mm long,

0.6-1 mm wide, glabrous, whitish with small reddish, shining and

apparently glandular, flecks and streaks, with a wide, 3-nerved, cen¬

tral stripe, which narrows above and is excurrent in a tapering, spar¬

sely hispidulous-margined awn, 0.3-4 mm long. Utricles elliptic, base

rounded or truncate-rounded, 3-3.75 mm long, 1.5-2 mm broad, den-

selv and ininutely punctate-papillose, dark-reddish and apparently

glandular spotted, nerveless, narrowly marginate, margins sometimes

slightly revolute, glabrous, straight or apex sometimes slightly recur-

ved, patulous to patent, yellowish to cinnamomeous, sometimes dull

reddish-brown towards the apex, especially on the margins, base

abruptly, shortly, subconically stipitate, tapering above and abruptly

beaked ; beak cylindric, up to 0.3 mm long, pale or reddish-tipped,

apex entire ; mouth very small. Achene elliptic to suborbicular, about

2 mm long, 1-1.25 mm broad, densely punctate-papillose, base very

stoutly and very shortly stipitate, apex abruptly beaked ; beak up to

0.4 mm long.

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

177

Tongking : environs of Ninh-binh, Bon ; Hanh Lam, in marshy

places at the foot of Mt. Tho, May 1885, Bon 2891 (P) ! ; banks of the

Loch-Nam, between Chu and Lam, 9 March 1886, Balansa 221 (K, P")!;

banks of the Black River, up stream from Phuong Lam, on the rocks

re-covered by the floods of summer, 2 May 1888, Balnnsn 2826 (K, P)!;

Kien Khe, towards the foot of the Chua Dong Mtn., 13 April 1889,

Bon 4127 (P) !

India, Burma, China, Korea, Japan.

66. Caiex phacota Spreng.

Carex phacota Spreng., Syst. 3 : 826 (1826) ; Drejer, Symb. Carie.

15, t. IV (1844) (excl. syn. C. notha et C. punctata) ; Boott, Illustr. 1 :

63, t. 168 (1858) : C. B. Clarke, 6 ; Kükenth., 350. Based on C. lenti-

cularis.

Carex lenticularis D. Don in Trans. IAnn. Soc. 14 : 331 (1824),

non Michx. (1803). — India, Wallich.

Loosely tufted. Rhizome shortly creeping. Stems erect, acutely

angled, 22-120 cm tall, 1-3 mm thick below, smooth up to, or sparsely

scaberulous just below, the inflorescence, scaberulous on the rhachis,

at least above, surrounded below the leaves, by a few almost leafless,

dark brown or ferrugineous, sheaths, which are entire or split in front

into verv fine reticulate fibres. Leaves subbasal, and occasionally 1-2

situated higher up the stem, much shorter to much longer than the

stems, 3-8 mm wide, apices attenuated ; sheaths ferrugineous or red-

dish-spotted. Spikes 4-6, rarelv more, subapproximate and fastigiate,

or the lowest more distant and suhfastigiate, cylindric, 2-8 (10) cm

long, dense-flowered, not noticeabiy laxer at the base, terminal male

with sometimes a few female flowers above, erect, 1.25-4.5 mm thick,

remainder androgynaeceous, less commonly wholly female, suberect

to cernuous, 4-6 mm thick ; peduncles slender, smooth to sparsely

scaberulous. Bracts of the Iower spikes foliaceous, usually much exce-

eding the terminal spike, upper bracts much smaller, equalling to

much shorter than their spikes, with two conspicuous ferrugineous

or dark brown membranous auricles in front at the base ; bract of

the male spike a long-awned glume. Female glumes oblong or obo-

vate-oblong, flattish to shallowlv cvmbiform, often becoming deeply

canaliculate by the concaving of a central stripe and flattening of

wide margins, apex usually very obtuse to bilobed-emarginate, rarely

subacute, 1.25-3 mm long, 0.75-1.5 mm wide, castaneous or ferrugi¬

neous with pale margins, or pale with reddish flecks, and with a pale

3-nerved central stripe, narrowing and coalescing above and excurrent

in a tapering, sometimes smooth but usually sparsely scaberulous-

margined awn, 0.5-2 mm long. Utricles broadly elliptic, obovate, or

suborbiçular, rarely elliptic-Ianceolate, often with a slight longitu¬

dinal ridge down the centre of the dorsal face, 2.25-3 (3.5) mm long,

1.5-2.2 mm broad, nerveless, or obscurely 1-few-nerved on the dorsal

face, very narrowly marginate, glabrous, usually denselv and ferrugi-

Source : MNHN, Paris

178

E. NELMES.

neously, sometinies light reddish, glandular-papillose except on the

margins above and towards the apex where the surface is cinereous-

papillose, becoming patulous to subpatent, very shortly and coni-

cally stipitate, subabruptly beaked ; beak conic or cylindric, extremely

short, stramineous or cinereous, entire, apex rounded ; mouth minute.

Achene pyriform-orbicular, pyriform-obovoid, or suborbicular, 1.75-2

mm long, 1.25-1.8 mm broad, tapering lo a short stipe-like base, apex

rounded-truncate, abruptly contractée! into a short, terete, straight to

bent beak.

Lower Burma : Tenasserim, according to Kükenthal.

India, Japan, Malaysia.

Subgen. 3. VIGNEA Nees.

Key to the Sections.

Spikes androgynaeceous, numerous . 23. Multiflorae

Spikes gynaecandrous, not numerous . 24. Elongatae.

Sect. 23. Multiflorae Kunth,

Enum. PI. 2 : 387 (1837).

Spikes androgynaeceous, usually numerous or very numerous,

simple, or lower compound, lower often in the axils of foliaceous

bracts. Utriçles plano-convex, nervose, margins acute or winged, gla-

brous or minutely serrate-hispidulous above.

Only Indo-Chinese species . 67. C. thomsonii.

67. Caiex thomsonii Boott.

Carex thomsonii Boott, Ulustr. 1 : 1, t. 1 (1858) ; C. B. Clarke,

5 ; Kükenth., 143 ; E. G. Camus in Lecomte, Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine,

7 : 183, fig. 26 (1-4) (1912) ; Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1946 : 14, 28 (1946).

— India, Thomson.

Tufted. Rhizome very short, stout, densely covered at first with

sheathing brown, black-nerved scales, which later become persistent

hlack fibres. Stems erect, obtusely angled, 10-33 cm tall, 1.5-2.5 mm

thick below, surrounded at the base, below the leaves, by pale to

fuscous subentire to fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths and leafless

sheaths. Leaves spaced throughout the stem nearly up to the inflo¬

rescence, inost much longer than the stem, 2-4.5 mm wide, mostly

conduplicate, some flattish, especially above, sinooth except the sca-

berulous margins towards the very longly attenuated apices ; sheaths

hiding the stem, membranous and pale in front where densely cove¬

red with minute reddish, glandular spots. Spikes with male part few-

flowered and inconspicuous, subglobose, ovoid, ellipsoid, or shortly

cylindric, 3-8 mm long, 3-4 mm thick, subdense- or dense-flowered,

subpatulous or patulous, sessile, usually simple and contiguous. but

Source : MNHM, Paris

THE GEN US CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

179

basal ones often slightly separated, and rarely slightly compound,

forming a terminal inflorescence, cylindric or somewhat tapering

upwards, 3-8.5 cm long and 0.6-1 cm thick. Bracts of the lower 1-2

spikes subfoliaceous, much exceeding to shorter than the inflores¬

cence, upper bracts glumiform, lower of these longly awned, none

sheathing except infrequentlv the lowest. Female glumes ovate to

ovate-lanceolate, deeply cymbiform, apex subacute to subobtuse, 2-2.5

mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm wide, white, covercd with minute red spots

or specks, margins becoming erose, midrib and 2 adjacent nerves for¬

ming a light castaneous stripe, coalescing just below or at the apex,

and occasionally hispidulously mucronate. Utricles elliptic or ovate

to ovate-lanceolate, 2.25-2.75 mm long, 1-1.3 mm broad, slenderly

multinerved, marginate, especially above, margins somewhat bent

towards the ventral face, glabrous, straight, becoming patulous to

subpatent, golden or golden-brown below, stramineous above, covered

with minute reddish spots or flecks, especially at base and apex,

minutely serrulate on the upper margins, base more or less rounded,

gradually tapering above into a beak-like portion, the apical 0.25 mm

less tapering and less serrulate, bidenlulate. Achene elliptic or ovate

and slightly quadrate, plano-convex or biconvex, dorsallv and usually

ventrally medianly slenderly ridged, 1.3-1.75 mm long, 0.8-1 mm

broad, nitidous, pale coffee coloured or livid, scarcely stipitate, very

shortly and slenderly beaked. Style- base not thickened.

Tongking : rocky margins of the Black River, downstream from

Tu-Phop, submerged during the floods of summer, April 1888, Balansa

2820 (K, P) ! ; Ba He Backein, Eberhnrdt 4766 (K, P) !

India, China.

Sect. 24. Elongatae Kunth,

Enum. PI. 2 : 402 (1837).

Spikes gynaecandrous, more or less bracteate. Utricles convex-

concave, margins winged.

Only Indo-Chinese species . 68. C. craspedotricha.

68. Carex craspedotricha Nelmes.

Carex craspedotricha Nelmes in Kew Bull. 1939 : 657 (1939), et

1946 : 7, 28 (1946). — China, Tutcher (Hongkong Herb. No. 10,643).

Carex imbricata Kükenth. in Handel-Mazzetti, Symb. Sinic. 7 :

1260, fig. 38 (2) (1936). Not. C. imbricata Drobov in Key PI. Envir.

Tashkent, ed. Popov. 51 (1923). — China, Handel-Mazzetti 11,688.

Tufted. Rhizome short. Stems obtusely angled, 20-65 cm tall, 1-2

mm thick, flaccid, suberect to oblique, surrounded at the base by

brown fibrous remains of old leaf-sheaths. Leaves basal and subba¬

sal, a few lower short-bladed or reduced to sheaths, remainder mostly

much shorter than the stems, 2-4 mm wide, fiat, flaccid, apices lon-

Source : MNHN , Paris

E. NELMES.

180

gîy altenuated. S pi k os 12-16, male few-flowered and inconspicuous,

mostly ovoid or ellipsoid, sometimes shortly cylindric or subglobose,

5-10 mm long, 4-6 mm thick, dense-flowered, suberect, sessile, simple,

upper contiguous or approximate, lower approximate, lowest 1(2)

often 2-2.5 cm distant, forming a terminal inflorescence 8-13 cm long.

Bracts of the lower spikes foliaceous, much longer than the inflo¬

rescence, middle bracts subfoliaceous, upper reduced to long, awned

glumes, none sheathing. Female glumes ovate to ovate-lanceolate,

shallowlv cymbiform, apex acule lo subobtuse, 2-2.75 mm long, about

1 mm wide, whitish, glabrous, midrib slender, stramineous, usually

shortly excurrent in a scaberulous mucro. Utricles ovate to elliptic

(including broad wings), 3-3.3 mm long, 1.25-1.5 mm broad, 4-6 ner-

ved on the central third of the convex dorsal face, 2-4(5)-nerved on the

corresponding part of the concave ventral face, nerves converging

above and below, wings wide and minutely scabrous-ciliolate-margi-

ned in the upper half, broad margins between the wings and the cen¬

tral nerved part nerveless and spongy, glabrous, straight, becoming

subpatent, stramineous, tapering-rounded at the scarcely to very

shortly stipitate base, gradually or subgradually beaked above ; beak

tapering, biconvex, 0.5-0.75 mm long, winged-margined, wings wide

at the base, narrowing upwards, the apex being scarcely winged, sca-

brous-ciliolate, bidentulate ; teelh lanceolate, straight. Achene oblong-

ovate, biconvex, 2 mm long (including short stipe and beak), 0.75 mm

broad, tapering to a stipitate base, apex rounded, abruptly beaked.

Style-base not thickened.

Thaii.and : N. Thailand ; Chiengmai, Muang Fang ; Doi Pahom

Pok, c. 1600 m., in open ground, 2 April 1921, Kerr 5184 (BM, K)!

Muang Chem ; Doi Ngao, c. 1300 m., in moist - ground by stream, 12

May 1921, Kerr 5429 (BM, K)!

Source : MNHN, Paris

THE GENUS CAREX IN INDO-CHINA.

Index to Epithets and other sub-generic Names

Synonyms in Italics.

adrienii .

anomocarya . J™

arridens . 90, 13"

atrivaginata . 88,103,106

balansae . 90,91,100,110

baviensis . 87, lbb

boniana .

Borneënses . 13/, 144

breoicalmis subsp. roi/-

leana . J 2?

breviscapa . »/, 152, Ion

brunnea . 89,146,14/

callista . 90,91,109,119

cambodiensis . 8/, lo7

Carex . 85, 8b, 13/

cataphvllodes . 88,103,108

cernua . J76

chaetogyne . 8b, 170

condensata . 89,91,1-6

continua . 89,131

continua var. plebeia. |31

courtallensis . _ J*”*

craspedotricha . 86,1/J

cruciata . 89,90,126,1-3

cruciata var. argocarpus. - 1

Cruciatae . JJ2.126

Cryptostachyae . *37,14 J

cryptostachys . 87,150

Decorae . 137,138

dietrichiae . 90,109,124

dimorpholepis . 86,175,176

Elongatae . 178,179

Euprepes .

euprepes . 88,103,104

excurva . 187

fedia . 86,1/0,171

filicina . 89,131,132

Filicinae . 92,130

Graciles . 137,145

harlandii f. longibrac-

leata . 163

hebecarpa var. mauber-

tiana . 173

helferi . 88,98,99

Hemiscaposae . 91.92

Hirtae . . _ 137,149

hoozanensis . 87,163,165

Hypolytroides . 91,96

hypolytroides . 86,96

hypotracheia . 88,98,101

imbricata . 179

indica . 90,109,123

indica var. laele-brunneu 124

Indocarex . 85,91

jeanpertii . 91,109,117

kerrii . 86,175

kinabaluensis . 89,144

I.ageniformes . 137,151

lageniformis . 87,152,153

laosensis . 88,103,107

lenticularis . 177

leucostachys .... 91.109,113

ligota var. indochincnsix. 154

tàngipes . 89,146,148

mancu var. contigua 163

mapaniifolia . 88,98

Mapaniifoliae . 92, 98

maubertiana . 87,173

Mitratae . 137,157

Multiflorae . 178

myosurus . 90,134,135

nemostachys . 87,166, 167

oedorrhamplia . 87, 166,168

oligostachya . 88, 95

pandanophylla . 88,98,102

perakensis . 90,109,114

petelotii . 86,138

phacelostachys . 86,139,140

phacota . 87 174,177

phyllocaula . 91, 139,143

plagiostoma . 90,110,112

plebia . 131

plexiocephala . 118

pleurocaula . 87,152

Polystachyae . 91,134

Praelongae . 137,174

ptcrocaulos . 89, 159

Radicales . 137,159

rhizomaloxa . _ 95

Rhizopodae . 137,138

Rhomboidales . _ 137, 162

rhynchachaenium .... 87,152, 154

rovleana . 87, 157,158

Source : MNHN, Paris

182

E. NELMES.

sacerdotis . 86,170,172

Scabrellae . 91,95

soabriculmis . 146

scaposa . 88, 92,93

scaposa var. baviensis 92

Scleriiculmes . 137,173

setulifolia. 89,109,116

spatiosa . 90,91,109,111

speciosa var. angustifo-

lia. 89,159,162

speciosa var. speciosa. 89,159,160

spongocrepis . 91,126,128

stramentitia . 90,109,120

Stramentitiae . 92,109

sychnostachya . 91,109,121

tavoyensis . 88,103, 104

teinogyna . 89,146

teinoijuna var. scabricul-

niis . 146

thibetica . 87,163,164

thomsonii . 88, 178

thorelii . 118

tonkinensis . 89,139,142

tricephala . 88,109.117

trichophylla . 88,103,106

Irislacnya var. pseudopo-

cilliformis . 154

tumida . 168

Tumidae . 137,166

vansteenisii . 89,139.141

Vignea . 85. 86.178

wallichiana . 171

wiqhliana var. peraken-

sis . 114

Achevé d’imprimer le 20 décembre 1955.

Le Gérant : René Jeaknel.

M. Declume, imprimeur, Lons-le-Saunier. — 202-55-360.

Décembre 1955 •* Dépôt légal 4' trimestre 1955 — n“ 4501 ».

Source : MNHN, Paris