PLANNING AND ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 2012

President: Ross Kendall 07 3378 1187

Vice President: John Moss 07 3245 2997

Treasurer: Rob MacSloy 07 3824 4348

Secretary: Jennifer Singfield 07 3869 0359

Magazine: Daphne Bowden (daphne.bowden1 @bigpond.com) 07 3396 6334

Publicity and Library: Lois Hughes 07 3206 6229

Excursion Convenor: Alisha Steward 07 3275 1186

PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION MEETINGS

A quarterly meeting 1s scheduled 1n order to plan club activities and the magazine.

See BOIC Programme.

CONTACT ADDRESS AND MEMBERSHIP DETAILS

PO Box 2113, Runcorn, Queensland 4113

Membership fees are $30 for individuals, schools and organizations.

AIMS OF ORGANIZATION

e To establish a network of people growing butterfly host plants;

e To hold information meetings about invertebrates;

e To organize excursions around the theme of invertebrates e.g. butterflies,

native bees, ants, dragonflies, beetles, freshwater habitats, and others;

To promote the conservation of the invertebrate habitat;

To promote the keeping of invertebrates as alternative pets;

To promote research into invertebrates;

To encourage the construction of invertebrate friendly habitats in urban areas.

MAGAZINE DEADLINES

If you want to submit an item for publication the following deadlines apply:

March issue — February Ist June issue — May Ist

September issue — August Ist December issue — November Ist

COVER PAINTING

Larvae of Calyptra minuticornis, Eudocima fullonia and E. salaminia on Stephania

Japonica — painting by Lois Hughes

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 2

FROM THE PRESIDENT

Lots of interesting information and images have been packed into this edition of our

magazine and we are again grateful for the enormous amount of time and attention to

detail evidenced in each article. I thank Michelle Clark, Lois Hughes, Wesley

Jenkinson, Glenn Leiper, Geoff Monteith, John Moss, Phil Ochse, Hilton Selvey,

Robert Whyte, Jennifer Singfield, Malcolm Tattersall and the various photographers.

For the sixty-seventh time Daphne has assembled articles and images, consulted with

specialists, worked on format and prepared the final copy for printing. We thank Phil

Ochse for his enthusiastic support 1n helping our transition to a new printing

company. I am sure you have noticed the positive results. Congratulations to Jennifer

Singfield and her team for planning and conducting a very successful trivia night on

October 6th last. We thank them for their willing contributions.

I frequently think of the many members of our club who live far from our “base” in

the Brisbane area and of the fact that opportunities for interaction are limited. If you

are on our membership directory, then you may readily determine if there are other

members close to you and may elect to contact them. No matter where you live, there

are opportunities for observing invertebrates in action, taking some photographs and

sending them to us with a few notes or questions.

Those of the older generations will remember Box Brownies, 35 mm colour slides and

the progression to colour prints. You will also remember the need to be conscious of

the cost of each click of the shutter as we used up expensive film. What a revolution

we have had with the development of digital cameras and the ability to take hundreds

of shots in a short session. In this edition Rob Whyte encourages you to “shoot”

spiders while Malcolm Tattersall demystifies those pixels and also encourages you to

start shooting! Best wishes Ross

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 3

CREATURE FEATURE

Fruit-piercing Moths — Night Raiders! - Lois Hughes and John Moss

On the Hughes' property at Mt Cotton, in the Redlands, grows a common menisperm

vine with heart-shaped peltate mid-green leaves, Stephania japonica vat. discolor or

Tape Vine. It twines its way gracefully through the undergrowth and trails across the

eround in the moist areas along the creek. It bears clusters of insignificant greenish-

yellow flowers followed progressively by bunches of attractive, at first green, then

yellow and finally red berries (approximately 6mm in diameter).

In the shadier areas, a less common related paler-leaved vine, Echinostephia aculeata

or Prickly Tape Vine can also be found. The “prickles” on stems and leaf petioles are

quite soft and innocuous. In addition, a much larger relative is also found in the more

pristine areas. This rather woody and quite hairy large-leaved vine is Legnephora

moorei or Round-leaved Vine and has tiny pale-yellow flowers followed by reddish to

purplish-black fruit up to a centimetre in diameter (Leiper ef al. 2008).

What these vines have 1n common is the ability to support large numbers of several

species of economically important but very attractive fruit-piercing catocaline moths

in the family Noctuidae. Knowing this, and having seen many of the moths blunder

into the house at night (mesmerised by the house lights), Lois set about inspecting the

vines regularly, looking for evidence of larval chewings as well as any eggs, larvae or

pupae that might be present. She was interested to learn more about their life history

as they progressed from egg to adult.

In December 2010, Lois was delighted to discover a huge, stunningly-patterned, “‘fat’’,

black caterpillar resting on one of the Stephania vines which had “escaped” from the

undergrowth and twined along a fence. The following morning an equally large,

slightly less colourful, dark grey caterpillar was found on the same vine, well

camouflaged against a grey wooden fencepost (see images). These were retained for

study and photography. At that stage the larvae were thought to be Othreis (now

Eudocima) species, although which one(s) was not then known for certain.

With great astonishment, before the week was out, yet another different caterpillar

was found on the same vine. This one was somewhat different — slender-shaped,

ereenish-black and with an orange head. Like the other two it was given its own

container with sufficient hostplant to keep it well fed until 1t was ready to pupate,

which it did once it reached 50mm in length. It actually pupated between layers of

tissue lining the container, suggesting that its natural pupation site may be among

fallen leaves on the forest floor. The colouration was predominantly black with the

final instar having dark green dorsal stripes and a yellowish-orange head (see images).

At a guess we thought that it may have been the rather drably-coloured but

interestingly-shaped moth Calyptra minuticornis (see mages). Eventually, after the

adult emerged, we were to be proven correct.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 4

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Final instar larva of Eudocima fullonia, fruit E. fullonia pupa in leaf shelter

piercing moth in warning pose

Pupa of E. fullonia Fruit-piercing moth, f. fullonia,

In Crypsis position

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Set specimen of E. fullonia, Set specimen of EL. salaminia

With respect to the two Eudocima larvae, it was fascinating to observe the strange

contortions that the caterpillars positioned themselves in. Coupled with cryptic

colours and false eye spots, their behaviour was apparently designed to confuse or

even frighten any predator. So much so that they hardly looked like fat, juicy, easy

meals for raptor, rat or reptile — their disguise was near perfect.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 5

These two devoured all parts of the leaves on which they fed, leaving only the petiole

(stalk). They were approximately 80mm long at maturity, when they commenced

building their pupal shelters by stitching together (with silken threads) their hostplant

leaves and anchored them to the walls of the containers. John separately found a

couple of these Stephania leaf shelters, containing both prepupae and pupae (see

images) in the nearby West Mt Cotton council reserve, suggesting that the larvae may

have a natural preference for using their hostplant leaves for pupation (see images).

Final instar larva of Adult E. salaminia moth in Leaves of Stephania japonica

E. salaminia on crypsis pose hiding Eudocima moth larval

Stephania japonica shelter

Eudocima moth Stephania Head of fruit-piercing moth,

leaf larval shelter E. fullonia, showing antennae, large palps

and stylet-tipped proboscis

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 6

As suspected the two moths on emergence were shown to be the attractive species

Eudocima fullonia (was Othreis fullonia) and E. salaminia respectively (see images).

Ironically (and somewhat sadly), when it comes to damaging orchardists' fruit crops,

these two are considered to be among the worst offenders as far as adult fruit-piercing

moths are concerned. Where they occur in large numbers (they are efficient breeders

and migrants) they can cause significant damage to mature fruit particularly soft

skinned fruit in north Queensland and the Northern Territory. A wide variety of fruits

including mango, banana, guava, fig, papaya, kiwifruit, stone and citrus are affected

in the nocturnal depredations of these raiders of the night. The moths have a stiff

proboscis with a sharp tip which 1s easily inserted into the fruit (see images). This

allows them to suck out the fruit juice and even soft pulp. As if that were not enough,

the initial damage allows the entry of bacterial and fungal pathogens often resulting in

fruit drop.

Another much larger but rarer fruit moth, Phy/lodes imperialis, the stunning Imperial

Fruit Moth (sometimes called the “Pink Underwing Moth’’), does not have the lancet

tipped proboscis and is not considered to be a pest species as it only feeds on fruit that

has already been damaged .

Larva of Phyllodes imperialis, Imperial Fruit Moth, Phyllodes imperialis,

Imperial Fruit Moth in crypsis pose

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Phyllodes imperialis Set specimen of Phyllodes imperialis,

exposing pink markings on hindwings Imperial Fruit Moth or Pink Underwing Moth

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 7

The larvae of the northern form feed on several menisperm vines in north Queensland

where it 1s not uncommon, whereas the southern form (SEQ and northern NSW) only

appears to feed on the uncommon menisperm vine Carronia multisepalea, which only

occurs 1n pristine, mostly montane, subtropical and warm temperate rainforests. This

species has been the subject of an article in the monochrome BOIC newsletter (as it

was) 1n the past but certainly warrants a Metamorphosis Australia update, on its own,

with full colour depiction. Its larva 1s even more bizarre than the others. We could not

do it full justice here (see images).

Attached beneath one of the Stephania leaves was a pupa in a greenish silk cocoon

(see image). We were unsure if the larva had used this plant as its host or if 1t was just

a convenient place to pupate. The moth that emerged was identified as Chrysodeixis

argentifera (same image as above) a crop pest noctuid that Common (1990) does not

record from menisperms. However, he does state that the moth does have a preference

for “low growing” host plants, which of course 1s the habit of Stephania. It would be

interesting to follow this up.

Adult (L) and cocoon (R) of Early instar larvae if Calyptra minuticornis

Chrysodeixis argentifera on Stephania (above) and Plusiodonta coelonata

Japonica leaf

Late instar larva of Calyptra minuticornis

on Stephania japonica

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Early instar larva of Calyptra minuticornis

Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 8

Set specimens of Plusiodonta coelonata

female left - male right

Set specimens of fruit-piercing

Stephania moth

TPL Ae We have repeated some of the above observations

Calyptra minuticornis

in April and May of this year (2012). As well as

seeing the original three species (as above), another smaller species of catocaline

moth (Plusiodonta coelonata) has appeared, again utilising Stephania as its hostplant.

This has pretty black larvae with yellow spots and head capsule and the attractive

adult moth has wing patches of golden bronze (see images). At Pottsville NSW, in

March/April 2000, John found it on Barb Wire Vine, Smilax australis, a

monocotyledon, with several specimens maturing to adults. This is a new and

unexpected (previously unpublished) record as a hostplant for a catocaline moth.

Photos John Moss

References:

Common, I. F. B., 1990. Moths of Australia. Melbourne University Press.

Leiper, G. et al, 2008. Mangroves to Mountains. Revised edition. Logan River Branch, Society

for Growing Australian Plants (QId Region) Inc., Brisbane

PLANT PROFILE

Capparis canescens - Glenn Leiper

Family: Capparaceae

Common Name: Wild Pomegranate, Wild Orange or Bumble Bush

Distribution: Predominantly eastern Queensland, from Cape York to the NSW border,

with one record from northern NSW near Ashford.

Conservation Status: Common species throughout its distribution in inland

Queensland, however its status in NSW 1s classified as Endangered. It 1s known in

NSW from a handful of specimens near Ashford, where some were destroyed for

roadwork.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 9

Description:

A small tree to about 4 metres, with very short dense hairs and sometimes thorny

branches. These thorns are often in pairs, are brown and curved to about 5 mm long.

The trunk sometimes has rose-like spines.

Wild Pomegranate, Wild Orange or Bumble Bush

Bark: The bark 1s thick, brown and

furrowed on older plants, while smaller

branches are smooth.

Leaves: The ovate stiff leathery leaves

are alternate on the stems, and grow

from 4.5 cm to 10 cm long and from 2.5

cm to 6 cm wide. The leaf petiole is from

1.75 cm to 4 cm long.

Flowers: The showy creamy-white

flowers (about 5 cm diameter) are

usually produced from the leaf axils,

with up to 4 together, on peduncles Foliage, showing flower buds on long peduncles

(stems) from 3 cm to 9.5 cm long. Each

flower has 4 creamy-white or pink-tinged petals approximately 3 cm long, and usually

hairy. In typical Capparis style, the numerous stamens are prominent and long

compared to the petals. Flower buds are 1.7 cm to 2.3 cm long and often

conspicuously 4-ridged.

Fruit: The green fruits are more or less spherical, from 2.5 cm to 7.5 cm diameter, on

stalks from 6 to 9 cm long.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 10

Fresh flower A slightly collapsed flower showing the now

limp stamens

Flowering period: mainly summer, but often extending into autumn.

Habitat: open eucalypt forest on flats, hills and ridges. Can be found growing on a

range of soils that include sand, loam, gravelly soils and light clay-based soils.

Traditional indigenous uses: edible flesh in the fruit and the flower buds are also

edible.

Wildlife uses:

1. Cockatoos extract wood-boring caterpillars from the branches.

2. Termites readily attack the timber.

3. Host plant for the Australian Caper Gull (Cepora perimale), Caper White

(Belenois java teutonia), Chalky Pearl-white (Elodina parthia), Narrow-

winged Pearl-white (LE. padusa), Southern Pearl-white (E. angulipennis).

Photos Ross Kendall

References:

Eddie, Craig, 2007. “Field Guide to Trees and Shrubs of Eastern Queensland and Oil and Gas

Fields”, published by Santos Ltd.

Stanley, T. D. and Ross, E. M., 1983. “Flora of South-eastern Queensland” Volume 1,

Published by the Queensland Government.

Moss, J.T., 2010. Butterfly Host Plants of south-east Queensland and northern New South

Wales. 3™ edition, BOIC.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 11

ITEMS OF INTEREST

Aphids — Hilton Selvey

There are many species of aphids in the family Aphididae. All are soft-bodied insects,

which vary in size from 2 to 5mm. They, like all insects, have compound eyes and

segmented antennae. Their food is obtained by piercing leaves and stems and sucking

the sap. They do this through sucking stylets enclosed in a sheath called a rostrum

(Fig.2). In this way they do great harm to many species of plants. They may also

transmit viruses, which can infect beans, wheat and passionfruit along with other plant

species. Different species of aphids have different colours, which range from pale

ereen to yellow and black, there being a lot of colour variation within species (Figs 3-

6). Usually colour is not a good identifying feature on its own.

The milkweed aphids I studied are called Aphis nerii.

Aphids are viviparous and their young are produced by parthenogenesis. The young

are all females and sometimes they have young already developed internally before

being born themselves. At the end of the summer some males are produced that mate

with the females who then lay eggs that only hatch in the spring. This accounts for the

sudden appearance of aphids as happened on milkweed growing in my garden.

Many of the aphids I studied were winged (Fig.1). These aphids are produced 1f the

food source 1s overcrowded or food becomes scarce. They fly off looking for new

sources of food and to start new colonies.

The appearance of an aphid is very strange with the two spikes, called cornicles, at the

rear of the body (Fig.3). The cornicles secrete a waxy substance, which 1s said to be

protective. The woolly aphid’s cornicles secrete masses of a white fluffy substance

that can completely cover the insects and the stems of the apple tree where they are

feeding. These aphids belong to a subfamily Pemphiginae genus Eriosoma.

Ants often attend aphids as they eat the honeydew produced from the aphid’s cauda,

an opening just above the anus (Figs 3 and 6). The ants sometimes carry aphids to a

source of food, as happened to my orange tree. To get rid of the aphids I would hose

them off but 1t wouldn’t be long before they returned. The only way I could prevent

this was to surround the stem of the tree with ant poison.

There are several species of aphid parasitoid present in Australia. It’s likely that these

parasitoids are the most important control agents although ladybirds, ladybird larvae

(Fig.7), green lacewing larvae (Fig.8), hover fly larvae and tiny wasps that lay their

eggs inside the body of an aphid do have some effect. The natural enemies of aphids

must be fairly effective otherwise there would not be any reason to reproduce 1n such

quantity.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 12

Acknowledgement: Dr. David Britton for identifying the species of aphid studied and

Drs. Christine Lambkin and Sarah Mansfield for helpful comments. Also Enid Selvey

who used her computer skills to produce my photographs. Photos Hilton Selvey

Tax

Fig. 1 Winged aphid

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Fig. 3 Yellow form

Fig. 8 Green Lacewing larva

Fig. 7 Ladybird larva eating aphids

TASATALAAcAS ACA CALAASASALACASA AAG

Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 13

Life history notes on the Dusky Knight, Ypthima arctous -

(Fabricius, 17735) Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae - Wesley Jenkinson

This is another of Australia’s common butterfly species that has very limited

published biological detail.

The Dusky Knight (Ypthima arctous),

also previously known as the Dingy Ring,

is encountered along much of the eastern

* «coastal and sub-coastal districts from

Ss north-eastern Queensland southward into

' Victoria and also the Northern Territory.

Ross Kendall collected a specimen 25km

northeast of Hughenden during

September 2011, some hundreds of

kilometres west of its previously reported

Dusky Knight (Ypthima arctous) range in Queensland (Kendall, 2011).

This small to medium sized species can be very seasonally common north of Brisbane

where it chiefly favours woodlands and open forests with a grassy understorey. The

adults are located flying in full or dappled sunlight usually within a couple of metres

from ground level. They have a similar ‘bobby’ flight pattern typical of the ringlet’s

(Hypocysta genus) with which they can be confused. While basking and feeding at

flowers their wings are periodically opened and closed, revealing the upper-side wing

pattern. Both sexes frequently settle on grasses and low-growing plants and feed from

a variety of small native and exotic flowers. Flight is often slow, however once

disturbed they can fly quite rapidly, being difficult to follow through understorey

vegetation.

The sexes are quite similar in appearance. In comparison with the males, the females

wing termen (outer margin) 1s more rounded, the abdomen is slightly shorter and

wider. Overall, females are generally larger in size.

The average wingspan for those pictured 1s males 25mm and 31mm for the females.

Ypthima arctous (Dusky Knight)

Images left to right: male, female, male underside, female underside

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 14

On a recent trip during April 2012 to the Perry River west of Bundaberg, a female

was collected and kept in captivity. She laid several eggs and was then released.

These eggs were kept for life history studies. Subsequently, larvae were successfully

raised on native Green Couch Grass (Cynodon dactylon) with full sized male and

female adults emerging. The native host grasses appear to be largely unknown,

however larvae have been raised successfully on Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica)

and Kangaroo Grass (7Themeda triandra) (Braby, 2000; Moss, 2010) as well as

Queensland Blue Couch (Digitaria didactyla) (Braby, 2000).

Freshly laid eggs were smooth and bright green, fading to pale yellowish

ereen, slightly off spherical and approximately 1mm high x 1mm wide.

Freshly laid egg of Y. arctous

4" instar larva showing bifid anal segment

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5" instar larva

In captivity the first instars emerged by 8.00am and consumed their eggshells shortly

afterwards. The larvae were observed feeding solitarily during daylight hours and

resting on either side of the leaves of the utilised host plant. They were very slow

moving and fed from the outer edge of the leaf. Ecdysis was very difficult to detect

between the early instars due to their slow progression and similarity. It appeared the

larvae completed five instars (as pictured) and the final larval instars attained a length

of 23mm.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 15

The attractive pupae were

attached by silk to grass

stems, hanging by the

cremaster with the head

suspended down. They were

ereen in colour and

measured 12mm in length.

Pupa lateral, dorsal and ventral view

The total time from egg to adult was about three months, with egg duration of 6 days,

larval duration 67 days and pupal duration of 16 days.

I don’t have any records of this species within the boundary of the new Scenic Rim

Regional Shire south of Brisbane. However given its general distribution range it

should be present in this region 1n suitable habitat.

Photos Wesley Jenkinson

References:

Braby, M.F., 2000. Butterflies of Australia — Their Identification, Biology and Distribution.

vol 2. CSIRO Publishing.

Kendall, R., 2000. A new location for the Dusky Knight, Ypthima arctous (Fabricius,

1775) Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae : Satyrinae. Metamorphosis Australia: Magazine of

the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club 63:33.

Moss, J.T., 2010. Butterfly Host Plants of South-east Queensland and Northern New South

Wales. 3“ edition, BOIC.

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Social Behavioural Studies of Laxta granicollis - Michelle Clark

Does the Laxta granicollis, Australian

native cockroach, express social

behaviour and can therefore be

considered a social organism?

Abstract

Knowledge of the social behaviour of

cockroaches can be used for

developing more effective controls

for those which are considered pests,

and can also give insight into how _. sal

cockroaches came to play a large role Juvenile Laxta granicollis with the mother

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 16

in the cuisine and medicine of some traditional cultures. The research question for this

essay 1S: Does the Laxta granicollis, Australian native cockroach, express social

behaviour and can therefore be considered a social organism?

Throughout this essay the social capabilities of Laxta granicollis were explored;

firstly through observing their movements when they were initially introduced into a

new environment, and secondly observing their movements over the duration of two

weeks. Preliminary observations, which involved filming the cockroaches daily,

found the cockroaches to be nocturnal and in particular were only active for a few

hours after dusk. In the formal observations, it was recorded how frequently they

found refuge together when they were not active. This was used to indicate the

strength of their social tendencies.

Although in the first study the cockroaches found refuge and may have grouped

together on their initial introduction to an environment, this may not have been due to

social tendencies but due to random outcomes as they sought the safety of a

harborage. In the second study, the cockroaches were given time to adjust to their new

environment and their behaviour observed over many days. This also allowed the

cockroaches time to possibly produce any aggregation pheromones, a hormone which

is found in other cockroach types, which encourages social behaviour.

From these observational studies, the conclusion was drawn that Laxta granicollis 1s a

social organism as it displayed various aspects of social behaviour forming affliative

aggregations.

Introduction

Cockroaches are insects, Order: Blattodea, (Roth, 1991: 320) acting as detritivores,

where dead plant material is their main diet (Gordon, 1996: 45), although they can

utilise an extensive range of substances for nourishment (Hahn ef al. 2005: www site)

allowing them to exist in almost any habitat and indicating their importance in an

ecosystem. However, they do need water and, 1f possible, will always live near this

resource (Schweid, 1999: 17).

Cockroaches are considered a pest in most rural and urban areas as they can

contaminate food and eating utensils by carrying many human pathogens (Hahn ef al.

2005: www site). In many cultures cockroaches are a food source and are often

considered a delicacy. They are also used in traditional medicine. Indigenous

Australians who consumed these insects believed them to have anaesthetic properties

(Copeland, 2003: 81). Understanding the behaviour of cockroaches allows controls,

such as insecticides, to be improved, while increased understanding may also give

insight into how they became to have such large roles in traditional cultures.

‘Social behaviour is a term used to describe the social interactions between members

of a species, and is quite common in the cockroach’ (O’ Neil et al. 1987: 313).

Cockroach species are usually described as social, sub social or seldom solitary (Bell

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 17

et al. 2007: 131). A female brooding her offspring for several hours before they hatch

is considered a sub social interaction and therefore very few cockroach species are

considered solitary (Bell et al. 2007: 132). There are two categories when

cockroaches are social, cohort aggregations and affiliative aggregations (Bell ef al.

2007: 133). Cohort aggregations are groups of nymphs that do not disperse after

hatching and affiliative aggregations are multigenerational groups that may include all

developmental stages and both sexes (Bell et a/. 2007: 133). They involve newly

hatched nymphs and those that immigrate from other aggregates (Bell et al. 2007:

133). The social structure of the cockroach population is influenced by a number of

factors including age, sex, environmental conditions, physiological state, genetics,

geographical region, population density, and harborage characteristics (Bell ef al.

2007: 131). The sizes of cockroach aggregates are ultimately controlled by the

resources 1n the habitat, either by the abundance of food and water or the surface area

of undisturbed dark shelter (Bell et a/. 2007: 134). In different stages of their lifestyle

some species of cockroach prefer to aggregate in different locations, for example,

inside a hollow tree, whereas younger nymphs prefer to aggregate in areas like leaf

litter (Bell et al. 2007: 134). Cockroaches actively seek dark, humid, enclosed spaces

as shelter, and live in close association with nutritional resources (Bell et al. 2007:

132). The size, texture and orientation of the harborage (Bell et al. 2007: 135) also

influences their instinctive response to the area.

Pheromones are the main chemicals that aid in the social behaviour of cockroaches,

and the one that brings them together to form groups 1s called the ‘aggregation

pheromone’ (Schweid, 1999: 67). It is believed to originate in the rectal pads and 1s

applied to the faecal material within a thin membrane that coats the material as it is

being secreted (Bell et al. 2007: 135). The pheromone 1s then released slowly over a

long period of time. These chemicals act as short range attractants (Bell et al. 2007:

136) and the likelihood of the cockroach’s locomotion ceasing upon reaching the

source of the pheromone is enhanced with the presence of an actual cockroach (Bell ef

al, 2007: 136). The antennae of the cockroach contain the receptors for these chemical

signals (Schweid, 1997: 71) and are covered with cilia, connected by a nerve to a part

of the brain that receives signals (Schweid, 1999: 32).

However, cockroaches can form groups because of other stimuli including visual,

acoustic, tactile and olfactory stimuli (Bell et a/. 2007: 136). Environmental factors

such as light, temperature, air movement and humidity affect a cockroach’s ability to

form a group (Bell et al. 2007: 136). These factors cause a response from the

cockroach resulting in it residing 1n a particular harborage and by covering the

harborage 1n its bodily secretions containing the pheromone, enhances the chance of

other cockroaches residing with it (Bell et al. 2007: 137). This 1s a positive feedback

mechanism because as the size of the group increases so does the amount of the

pheromone produced and therefore the amount of cockroaches attracted to the area.

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Cockroaches form aggregations for many reasons, including aiding in defence and

nourishment. By forming groups it allows cockroaches the advantage of safety in

numbers, as members react to the evasive movements of the first cockroach that

senses the predator (Bell et al. 2007: 138). They may also produce alarm pheromones

which result 1n the rapid scattering of the group members creating confusion for the

predator which may now struggle to concentrate on an individual insect (Bell ef al.

2007: 138). There are also nutritional benefits; nymphs develop better when in the

presence of groups as food that is broken down by large adult insects 1s easier for the

nymphs to digest, helping them to move quickly through the most vulnerable stages

of their lifecycle (Bell et al. 2007: 139). Also, anything produced by cockroaches can

be consumed by other cockroaches and provides large amounts of nitrogen for the

consumer, especially recently shed exoskeletons (Bell et al. 2007: 139). By

ageregating, the cockroaches also have a higher chance of finding a mate (Bell et al.

2007: 139), however, if these are family groups, finding a mate within the group

could have negative effects as this causes lack of diversity, and could reduce the

cockroaches’ chances of survival.

There are also disadvantages of forming groups including an increase in density-

dependent factors such as competition for food, water, shelter, mates, density based

infectious diseases and parasites and predation (Bell et a/. 2007: 137). As a result this

also increases the chance of cannibalism (Bell et al. 2007: 141). They also intensify

cues such as olfactory signals that lead predators to their prey (Bell et al. 2007: 137).

The habitat will also decay at a faster rate and overcrowding causes many

physiological problems like prolonged nymphal stages, and decreased body size in the

specific insects (Bell et al. 2007: 141). Therefore cockroaches have dispersal

pheromones which counteract the aggregation pheromones which attract the

cockroaches (Bell et al. 2007: 141).

While much knowledge is obtainable about cockroaches as a group of insects,

particularly ones that are regarded as pests, little is known about Laxta granicollis,

which is native to Australia. : —

The social behaviour of these

cockroaches will be studied to

attempt to decide whether they are

solitary, social or sub social.

Therefore the research question for

this essay 1s:

Does the Laxta granicollis,

Australian native cockroach,

express social behaviour and

can therefore be considered a

social organism? Juvenile Laxta granicollis with immature adults

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 19

This will be investigated firstly, through observing their initial preference of

harborages when placed in a new habitat (Behavioural Study One) and then, through

examining their movements for two weeks after being placed in a new environment

(Behavioural Study Two). Due to the theory that cockroaches present social behaviour

more commonly in laboratories than they would in wild situations (Bell et al. 2007:

134), field observations will also be considered.

Notably, the cockroaches moulted and produced offspring while being kept in

captivity over the course of the investigation giving proof that the cockroaches were

under limited stress, complying with the /nternational Baccalaureate Animal

Experimentation Policy. A cockroach under stress will result in prolonged nymphal

stages and therefore will not moult (Schwied, 1997: 70). The identification of the

cockroaches personally used in this observational investigation was confirmed to be

Laxta granicollis by entomologists at the Melbourne Museum.

Determining Sex

Laxta granicollis males have wings

only when fully mature. When

immature, the males are tapered

towards the rear of the abdomen,

and on very close inspection, have

undeveloped wing ‘buds’ on the first

two segments of the abdomen, after

the head; and have a much more

flattened final segment of the

abdomen compared with the female.

The females are wingless and are

more round or oval in shape. These

identifying parameters were

suggested by naturalists at the

Australian Museum.

Diagram | Observations

A—Male (@) Laxta granicollis

B—Female (2) Laxta granicollis As it has been found 1n previous

Source: Roth, L.M. 1991, The Insects of Australia, experiments that cockroaches appear

Volume 1, Second Edition,

to be more social in laborato

Melbourne University Publishing, Melbourne, p.329 ty

conditions than in the wild (Bell

et al. 2007: 132), the field

observations must be considered upon deciding whether this species of cockroach,

Laxta granicollis, 1s social, sub social, or solitary.

When the cockroaches were collected from the field, they were found in groups of

different sizes ranging from two to seven members in different stages of maturity.

Rarely were there any cockroaches found alone. Later in the studies, more

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 20

cockroaches were needed and two fully winged mature males were found together

with females. This showed that as well as being social, even fully mature males seem

to be included 1n the group.

In the time that the cockroaches were kept in captivity quite a few of the cockroaches

moulted including one male, which moulted into a fully winged mature male.

While in captivity it became obvious that the cockroaches resided more commonly on

specific pieces of bark than others. When completing husbandry actions it was

observed that they were found close to each other, leaving other pieces of bark

completely uninhabited. The cockroaches were also observed to have offspring and,

when they were first found, they were all beneath one female cockroach. Although

this cockroach would be assumed to be an r-strategist, this 1s an example of maternal

care, behaviour quite common in the cockroach.

Preliminary observational studies,

involving filming the cockroaches

individually to investigate their

circadian rhythm found them to be

nocturnal. This was concluded as

the cockroaches did not emerge

until approximately an hour after

dusk. This was however only for

Pte, Fic. Fe short periods of time, usually of no

4] eee ne — more than 10 to 15 minutes, before

a returning to the harborage, and only

, a emerging again for a few minutes to

investigate the rest of the plastic

The exoskeleton of a male Laxta granicollis (left) container in which they were

can be seen with the mature insect (right). contained.

To be continued Photos Michelle Clark

ole ok ok ok aK 2k 2k ok ok ok

Australian Lynx Spiders... please don't let them be misunderstood. —

Robert Whyte

What do you know about Australian spiders’?

Do you think of them as big, hairy, creepy-crawlies? Do they scare you?

If not, you’re in the minority. Australians seem to be the most phobic nation on earth,

scared literally witless by our arachnid fauna, often trumpeted as ‘the world’s most

deadly’.

Yes, Australian spiders have a bad rep — most of it unearned. Because of a few

encounters with wandering, sex-crazed male funnel web spiders — on the hunt for

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 21

females in the midsummer rains and sometimes wandering into homes — all spiders

often get lumped into the ‘too scary’ basket. Even funnel webs won’t hurt you unless

you provoke them.

Most spiders, though, are tiny, intricately arranged and very pretty — thriving in parks

and gardens in their millions, catching insects. Without these helpful predators we

would have all drowned in insects long ago.

One spider family strangely overlooked in Australia is Oxyopidae — the Lynx Spiders.

They are possibly the most common spiders in Australia, yet they are virtually

unknown. There are only 19 species known across our continent, possibly a tenth of

the number of species really out there.

Most of the known ones were described 1n the late 1800s by Ludwig Koch. Since

then, almost nothing has been published. Fortunately some work was done around

1989-1991 by Judy Grimshaw, a review of the family done for her M. Sc. thesis,

copies being held in the University of Queensland Library.

Lynx spiders have six of their 8 eyes making a characteristic hexagonal pattern; and

have long, slender, spiky legs (oxy means spiky and pes means legs). Leaving out the

obscure or difficult ones, there are six or seven very obvious Lynx spiders you can

find in a few minutes outside without really trying.

In the north, there is a large yellow one called Oxyopes papuanus. It’s a relative giant,

getting to over a centimeter in body length and common across tropical Australia.

The most-often-noticed Lynx 1s probably the long and lean Oxyopes macilentus. The

species name means ‘thin’. It is sometimes bright orange and has attractive go-faster

stripes down its sides.

Next most common and widespread are two species hard to tell apart. Oxyvopes

elegans the Elegant Lynx Spider and Oxyopes gracilipes the Graceful Lynx Spider are

almost identical, about the same size and similarly patterned. The stripes or bands

down the sides of the head of the Graceful Lynx Spider are wider than those of the

Elegant Lynx Spider.

Easier to tell apart from all others is Oxyopes variabilis, the Variable Lynx Spider. It

comes in a staggeringly diverse array of shapes and patterns, but all have a pale V

shape behind the eyes on the top of the head.

Last but not least is the frisky litthe Oxyopes gratus the Grateful Lynx Spider, with

prominent stripes, but only about 4mm in body length.

Oh, one more for good luck. If you are very lucky you might see the beautiful

Oxyopes rubicundus, the Red Lynx Spider, around Sydney.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 22

Oxyopes macilentus, Thin Lynx Spider

Photo Ed Nieuwenhuys

Oxyopes rubicundus, Red Lynx Spider

Photo Ed Nieuwenhuys

~ Oxyopes papuanus, Papuan Lynx Spider - Oxyopes gracilipes, Graceful Lynx Spider

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 23

Oxyopes gratus, Grateful Lynx Spider

Pas MS in

a , fot

Oxyopes gracilipes, Graceful Lynx Spider Oxyopes macilentus, Thin Lynx Spider

Now it’s your turn. How many of you have a digital camera? Everyone? Good. Do

you ever take close-up photos or have you wanted to try? Yes? Excellent! Okay, this

weekend, I want you to go out with your camera, put it on the macro setting and see if

you can photograph a lynx spider. You'll have to slow down, look closely and be

patient. But you are almost certain to find a lynx spider on some plants in your

garden, or in a park. You may find a new species. What are you waiting for’? Get

snapping!

Photos Robert Whyte except where already acknowledged

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 24

How many pixels do you really need? — Malcolm Tattersall

Insect photography is wildlife photography featuring subjects which are often too

small and/or too far away to really ‘fill the frame’ of our shots unless we have highly

specialised equipment. The good news is that we can very often solve that problem by

simple editing.

The basic size measurement of digital images is the pixel — one dot, on either the

camera sensor, the computer screen or the hard-copy print — and modern digital

cameras generate far more of them than we usually need. A current DSLR with an

18MP sensor produces an image 5200 px wide and my four-year-old entry-level

DSLR (10 MP) gave me an image nearly 4000 px wide. Current offerings 1n the

point-and-click category are comparable, mostly 12 or 16MP, and even a six-year-old

example with its 7MP sensor gives us a 3000 px image.

On the other hand, a typical computer screen is only 1280 — 1600 px wide and a

postcard size best-quality print or magazine illustration at 300 dpi (dots per inch) will

be 1800 — 2100 px wide. An image much smaller than the camera generates 1s

therefore perfectly adequate for most purposes, and if the subject is a mere dot in the

middle of the original we can simply crop the image — drastically, 1f necessary. Any

basic image editing software will do the job; just remember to avoid losing quality by

saving and re-saving jpegs.

—

Example 1: This Zodiac Moth, Alcides metaurus, was high in my poplar gum and even with my

70-300mm telephoto lens it was the aforesaid dot in the middle of the picture, 550px wide in an

image 3888px wide; but it makes a satisfactory shot when cropped to 1080px wide.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 25

Example 2: This mid-sized brown butterfly (probably a Blue Pansy (Junonia orithya wallacei)

was flitting around a temple garden in Vientiane and the only lens I had with me was a 1|5-

85mm normal zoom. Uncropped, I have a picture of the flowers and the temple wall; at 900px I

have a picture of the butterfly.

My examples were both taken with a L|OMP camera. Cropping an 18MP image to the

same extent would have given me images 1400 and 1200px wide respectively.

1400px is big enough for a full-width photo in this magazine (even if it 1s printed at

300dpi, 1.e. glossy-magazine quality) and even 900px is plenty big enough for a half-

page-width photo.

That said, editors normally appreciate larger images because that gives them more

choice in how to crop them and how big to print them. The bottom line, then, 1s that if

you want your work to appear in Metamorphosis (and you do, don’t you?), you don’t

need to worry too much about image size. Just submit your best and biggest images

and don’t hold back for fear your camera isn’t good enough or the butterfly was too

far away. Photos Malcolm Tattersall

BOOK REPORT

Queensland's Threatened Animals

Eds: L K Curtis, A J Dennis, K R McDonald,

PM Kyne and S JS Debus

Feb 2012, CSIRO Publishing - Reviewed by John T. Moss

As the publisher says, this 472 page comprehensive guide

features “up-to-date distribution data, photos and maps for most

of Queensland's threatened animals”, in a quality paperback

format. Although the main focus 1s on the better known

vertebrates, there 1s a small section that focuses on the lesser

known invertebrates which includes insects, crustacea and molluscs. I make no

apologies for focussing comments herein mostly on my interest area of insects!

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 26

The editorial panel are experienced and respected authors, biologists, ecologists and

conservation managers and include Lee Curtis, contributor and correspondent for

Wildlife Australia Magazine as well as being a member of our BOIC! The

contributing authors and reviewers are knowledgeable, professional and lay experts,

known to be competent in their field. They include (for the insects) the well-known

authorities Dr D P A (Don) Sands, Dr Gunther Theischinger, E D (Ted) Edwards,

Peter Valentine and Steven Johnson.

Contents include: the definition of a threatened species and a list of threat categories,

called conservation status, including the differentiation of the often confused words

threatened and endangered (i.e. class vs. category! ); the processes of listing and

delisting; a history of threatened species recovery and management in Queensland;

and, of course, individual species profiles which include one moth, two dragonflies,

six butterflies, ten crabs and crayfish and twenty snails!

It is pleasing to see that the editors have included, as well as specific animals, the

definition and examples of threatened ecosystems.

There is also an already extinct list but this does not include invertebrates that are

presumed extinct but because of deficiencies in census/survey they would be best

categorised as data deficient. A good example of this is the Australian or Laced

Fritillary butterfly (Argynnis hyperbius inconstans), which is included under

“endangered” but lacks the specific information that 1t was last collected in 1987 and

has not been reliably seen in Queensland since 1994! In relation to this butterfly, there

have been many fruitless surveys in recent years, 1n particular following a hoax

sighting in 2008! The negative findings of these surveys, although well known

amongst the butterfly enthusiast community, have not as yet been published, which 1s

presumably why the authors have not included them. Thus this census omission calls

into question the currency and validity of this species’ data for the book! However, to

their credit, they did not include several false or dubious sightings from the last two

decades!

Within the species profiles the relevant information 1s discussed under the headings:

conservation status, description, distribution, habitat, ecology, reasons for decline,

current threats, current recovery efforts, future recovery actions and sources and

further reading.

The book also includes a comprehensive list of resources; with key state, national and

international organisations involved in the recovery and management of Queensland's

threatened species and ecosystems. These conservation agencies include the

Queensland Government's Threatened Species Network and in concert with local

authorities, the Land for Wildlife program (jointly funded by federal, state and private

sources). In the case of the butterflies, specific mention 1s made of the 2002 Action

Plan for Australian Butterflies, Richmond Birdwing Conservation Network and the

Butterfly and other Invertebrates Club as being involved with action/recovery plans.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 27

It is pertinent to quote from the introduction to the Lepidoptera section: “The task of

completing a systematic survey is challenging and very few species have been

subjected to any attempt, even in local areas. Much of the current information on

butterfly and moth conservation status relies on the casual observations and anecdotal

accounts of field scientists and hobbyists. Substantial knowledge regarding moth

distribution and biology would be necessary to be able to determine accurately which

species are threatened and which are not. Unfortunately, only a few species have been

studied sufficiently. It is highly likely that many moths have become extinct over the

years due to human activities, but this happened prior to them being described and

named.”

The authors identify important causality factors of lack of taxonomic staff, students

and biodiversity studies as critical areas as a result of government underfunding.

Furthermore, they somewhat gloomily state that “it 1s usually at the end point of a

species conservation decline before surveys are commenced” and that “these may do

little more than document extinction!” On a more practical and realistic note, 1s their

final comment that “habitat conservation is the essential priority and conservation

agencies can be most effective 1f they combine knowledge of habitat requirements

with programs of habitat protection”. This has obvious application for multiple

species and of course, flagship species, such as the Richmond Birdwing butterfly,

have a pivotal role to play.

The editors and authors are to be congratulated on a comprehensive, mostly accurate

and timely publication, which clearly sets out threatened species current known or

presumed status, defines the problems 1n conservation issues and recommends both

specific and general solutions, not only for Queensland but for the nation as a whole!

In conclusion I can only recommend this beautifully designed book with a plethora of

important information, including distribution maps and species illustrations, useful for

both reference and proposed actions. It is very good value at $129 posted, from the

publishers: CSIRO Publishing, at PO Box 1139, Collingwood, Victoria, 3066. It is

also available as an eBook via the CSIRO website (www.publish.csiro.au/eBooks). To

keep the publication current, both options will be complemented by an open access

website, which will be updated on a regular basis as new information comes to hand.

REPORTS

A Visit to Japan - Ross Kendall

In late September and early October, we experienced two weeks of wonderful

Japanese hospitality. To an Australian, the population density 1s an eye opener. The

transport system is very efficient and the people are very courteous, generous and tidy

(no litter!).

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 28

The countryside was lush and green with just the hint of autumn colours in the

mountain areas. I observed quite a number of species of butterflies, even in urban

areas with the local Fritillary quite common.

On September 23", I attended the Ohtemachi Insect Fair in Tokyo as a guest of Club

member Makoto Nakae. This one-day fair is held annually and 1s the world’s largest

insect fair. 240 exhibitors displayed their wares from around the world and 1800

people attended. There were some enthusiasts who came from Europe and North

America — just for the weekend.

Very few Australian insects were to be seen and the consensus from collectors is that

Australian regulations discourage the removal of specimens from Australia. I

managed to find two cases of Australian butterflies as evidenced below.

Self; Reiko Miyamoto and Makoto Nakae Yuri Shibata, self and Reiko Miyamoto

KRRRERERERRE

Trivia Night — Jennifer Singfield

On the evening of the 6" October 2012, forty-five intrepid souls attended the

inaugural BOIC Trivia evening at IndigiScapes. The questions had been organised

and delivered in an entertaining fashion by Jill Barrett with Helen Magarry and Ruth

Taylor being the very efficient judges. The evening was well supported by BOIC

members attending, providing prizes and assisting with the evening’s smooth running.

The aims of the event were to raise funds to contribute to the continued publication of

Metamorphosis and to provide a social event for BOIC’s members. The event proved

positive for both aims and there was a real buzz in the air as the questions kept on

coming.

BOIC wishes to thank Manly West Chemmart Pharmacy, Manson Framers, Wynnum,

Dr Deb Mills, The Travel Doctor and Helen Schwencke, Earthling Enterprises for

their donations for the Multi-Draw raffle. Lois donated a wonderful dragonfly print,

Alisha donated the wines for first and second prizes and Daphne worked tirelessly

behind the scenes organising prizes and catering.

Due to the success of the evening, both socially and as a fund-raiser, we have bravely

decided to hold another Trivia evening on Saturday 20" April 2013. (Bookings

jennifer@mbcc.org.au or phone 3869 0359).

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 29

LETTERS

The oval eggs are those of a tachinid fly.

They are stuck on with more astonishing glue

than even the butterflies can produce. I found

that it was impossible to remove any eggs

from these larvae - trying to pull them off

merely disrupted the cuticle removing green

haemocoel.

If I had left the eggs in place I doubt if the

larvae of the tachinid fly would have had

enough tucker before the Monarch larva was

Photo Hilton Selvey cleaned out. Hilton Selvey

YOU ASKED

; ' ..

a P -" 5°

- ‘ ;

7 "+

| ‘2

’

¥ Could you identify these beetles please? I

pe hy photographed them in my garden at Talegalla, south

* &* of Minden, Queensland on 20 October 2012.

Mick Drew

The species 1s Chauliognathus flavipennis (Macleay, 1872) and it belongs to the

family Cantharidae, commonly known as Soldier Beetles. The species is widespread

up and down the eastern coast of Australia and goes quite a way inland. Soldier

beetles are independently toxic and exude toxic fluid, when disturbed, from paired

glands on thorax and abdomen. Members of the family are known to have that

characteristic all round the world. This particular species combines its warning,

colours with the yellow and black banding which 1s the universal “wasp...don’t touch

me” signal among many groups of toxic insects. They are mimiced by a range of other

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 30

insects which share the yellow and black colour patterns, including various buprestid

and longicorn beetles. They do not particularly mimic lycid beetles which almost all

have a dark orange or orange and black colour pattern, rather than yellow and black,

and the lycids rarely reinforce their warning with the chequered “wasp” signal. There

are a number of species of Chauliognathus which have very similar colour patterns to

C’. flavipennis and this group could be regarded as being a Batesian mimicry complex

sharing the same signals with other toxic or “stinging” species. But the lycids are not

part of this mimicry complex because they have different colours.

Geoff Monteith

oR OK OK oR ok OK OS OE 8 OK

On various occasions, I have been asked to identify eggs and caterpillars found on

citrus leaves. Last summer, I persuaded three “amigos” to pose on a leaf of a Meyer

Lemon and the result 1s shown below. Ross Kendall

From left to right we have: a Dainty

Swallowtail (Papilio anactus),

a Fuscous Swallowtail (Papilio fuscus

capaneus) and an Orchard Swallowtail

(Papilio aegeus aegeus).

In later instars, the three species (in the

same order) are quite different as seen

below.

If we go back to the beginning, from left to right we have the eggs of Fuscous, Dainty

and Orchard Swallowtails.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 31

Occasionally, Chequered Swallowtails (Papilio demoleus sthenelus) breed on Citrus

species. While their eggs are similar 1n size to Fuscous eggs, larvae and pupae are

quite different as seen, following, on Emu’s foot (Cullen tenax).

The following pupae are: Dainty Swallowtail, Fuscous Swallowtail, Orchard

Swallowtail and Chequered Swallowtail.

—_ , mire i . , rw

Et. <a

Rg SF Play oa

” ee@y «iB = *

aha

Photos Ross Kendall

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 32

GALLERY

These photographs were taken by Phillip Ochse.

Vanessa Itea

(Yellow Admiral)

Papilio demoleus sthenelus (Chequered Swallowtail)

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 33

, bas’

, aan

- aiy

Catopsilia pomona pomona (Lemon Migrant)

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 34

OTHER GROUPS’ ACTIVITIES

Redlands ‘Awesome, Awful and Endangered’, a photographic exhibition at Redlands

IndigiScapes Centre, 17 Runnymede Road, Capalaba, Qld., was successfully launched on the

3 November, supported by the Redland City Council.

It is the result of over 25 photographic workshops conducted by Julie Geldard, capturing

images of awesome birdlife, wildlife, the tiny world of macro life, wildflowers, landscapes,

seascapes, reptiles and butterflies.

Julie says “This project has brought home to me just how absolutely awesome the Redlands 1s.

After 20 years of photography I feel this project has made my years of learning worthwhile,

which is to share and increase other’s awareness of the wonders of nature in the Redlands.”

Check out http://www.facebook.com/groups/252002504903009/ for images from the group.

Redlands wildlife will all celebrate your help and commitment to make changes, share

awareness, and support conservation groups. Profit from the sales of the indoor metallic prints,

garden stake images and hanging garden images are all being donated to conservation groups,

BOIC being one such recipient. The exhibition runs for 10 weeks.

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Woodfordia's Butterfly Project - join the regular working bee at Woodfordia, every last Sunday

February to November from 8.30am, in conjunction with the TreeHuggers. The project works

to enhance the Festival site for biodiversity, especially butterflies and other invertebrates.

Contact Helen: butterflies@woodfordia.com or phone 0423 127 492

BUTTERFLY AND OTHER INVERTEBRATES CLUB PROGRAMME

Planning Meeting — 9" February, 2013

Day trip to Ray and Delphine Archer’s bird and butterfly sanctuary, Buaraba

with free macro photography lessons by Phil Ochse

What: Six years ago Ray and Delphine set about transforming their property into a

wildlife haven for birds, insects and frogs. They have planted thousands of

trees, shrubs, herbs and vines and the wildlife has come. The latest section

is the butterfly meadow with lots of flowers and host plants. Feel free to

capture as many creatures as possible — on film.

When: Sunday 24" February 2013 from 10 am.

Where: Bischoffs Road, Buaraba. Enter this road off the Gatton-Esk Road. If you

would like a map, please contact Daphne for a copy.

Bring: Your camera, hat, food and drink for lunch in the garden.

While RSVP is not essential you may like to phone Ross on 0402 254 370 or Ray on

0409 491 419.

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 35

DISCLAIMER

The magazine seeks to be as scientifically accurate as possible but the views, opinions and

observations expressed are those of the authors. The magazine 1s a platform for people, both

amateur and professional, to express their views and observations about invertebrates. These

are not necessarily those of the BOIC. The manuscripts are submitted for comment to

entomologists or people working in the area of the topic being discussed. If inaccuracies have

inadvertently occurred and are brought to our attention we will seek to correct them in future

editions. The Editor reserves the right to refuse to print any matter which is unsuitable,

inappropriate or objectionable and to make nomenclature changes as appropriate.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Producing this magazine is done with the efforts of:

e Those members who have sent in letters and articles

Lois Hughes who provided the cover painting

Daphne Bowden who works on layout, production and distribution

John Moss, Dr. Christine Lambkin, Dr. Sarah

Mansfield and Martyn Robinson for scientific

referencing and proof reading of various articles in this

issue of the magazine

e Printing of this publication is proudly supported by

Brisbane City Council | __ Dedicated to a better Brisbane

We would like to thank all these people for their contribution.

ARE YOU A MEMBER’?

Please check your mailing label for the date your membership is due for renewal. If your

membership is due, please renew as soon as possible. Membership fees are $30.00 for

individuals, schools and organizations. If you wish to pay electronically, the following

information will assist you: BSB: 484-799, Account No: 001227191, Account name: BOIC,

Bank: Suncorp, Reference: your membership number and surname e.g. 234 Roberts.

BRISBANE CITY

Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club Inc.

PO Box 2113

RUNCORN Q. 4113

Next event - Sunday 24" February 2013 — see programme for details

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Magazine of the Butterfly and Other Invertebrates Club #67 — Page 36