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SYSTEMATICS OF THE GENUS

PLATYSTELE (ORCHIDACEAE)

ABSTRACT

The genus Platystele Schitr. is described, and a key to the subgenera and

species is given. Each species is described and illustrated with a black and

white drawing. Types and representative specimens are listed in the distribu-

ti on tall 4 t . oe oe 4 gc i. 4

New taxa:

Platystele acicularis Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

le argentosa Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

Stele po:

Platystele pyriformis Luer, sp. nov.

Platystele resimula Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Platystele rhinocera Luer, sp. nov.

Platystele stonyx Luer, sp. nov.

Platystele vetulus Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Platystele zeus Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

This genus was first recognized as being distinct among the pleurothallids

by A. R. Endres. In a note written in English in 1869 to Professor Reichen-

bach accompanying his illustration of a plant that would eventually be de-

scribed by Schlechter (Platystele minimiflora), Endres surmises that it is “the

smallest species of this new genus.” Endres had illustrated other Costa Rican

species of Platystele, but an illustration of the most common species (P. oxy-

glossa) is not present. Reichenbach paid no heed.

When Rudolf Schlechter described Platystele bulbinella in 1910, he also

proposed the genus, basing it upon the very short column, dilated above and

footless below. He mentions the small, caespitose habit with short, leaf-bear-

ing stems (ramicauls), and the slender, subdense raceme of very small flowers.

He recognized its close relationship with the genus Pleurothallis R. Br., but

did not acknowledge any of the other closely allied, previously described

species in Pleurothallis now attributable to Platystele.

The first species of Platystele to be described was the relatively common,

variable, and widely distributed species described by Reichenbach in 1844 as

Pleurothallis stenostachya from a Mexican collection by Leibold. The follow-

ing year the same species, also from Mexico, was described by Richard and

Galeotti as Pleurothallis dubia.

During the years prior to 1910, six other species of Platystele were de-

scribed in Pleurothallis: P. perpusilla Reichb. f., P. misera Lindley, P. pisifera

Lindley, P. johnstonii Ames, P. repens Ames, and Schlechter’s own P. microta-

tantha. Three other species of Platystele were described in Stelis Sw.: S. ovali-

folia Focke, S. lancilabris Reichb. f., and S. compacta Ames.

2 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

uring the years following 1910, Schlechter described five more species of

rae attributing them all to Pleurothallis: P. jungermannioides, P. min-

imiflora, P. oxyglossa, P. pedicellaris and P. schulzeana. Either he failed to

recognize them as species of = ae or he had decided that Platystele

was synonymous with Pleurotha,

In 1922, Ames transferred his Stelis compacta to Platystele. The following

year Schlechter transferred Reichenbach’s Sielis lancilabris to Platystele, but

he failed to recognize any of the others, even the similarity of his own Pleuro-

thallis oxyglossa to Platystele lancilabris. The meager total number of species

recognized in the genus then stood at three, Schlechter’s P. bulbinella and

Ames’ earlier P. compacta being the same species. Schlechter added a fourth

species to the genus in 1924 when he described the frequent and widely dis-

tributed P. schmidtchenii from the Andes

In 1930, Ames decided that the criteria for maintaining Platystele were

insufficient when he transferred his S. compacta from Platystele to Pleurothal-

lis. Although the criteria may have seemed minor to Ames, as well as to some

other authors (e.g. Correll, C. Schweinfurth, L. O. Williams) who reduced

Platystele to Pleurothallis, the species form a homogeneous unit (except for a

few species segregated into subgenus Teagueia), and they are easily recog-

nized. The only problem is consistency. The recognition of Platystele suggests

the recognition of most of the subgenera of Pleurothallis at the generic level.

Vegetatively the species of Platystele are small to extremely small and

usually caespitose, but sometimes repent. The smallest known orchid is re-

ported to be P. jungermannioides, but a few other species of Platystele have

even smaller flowers with sepals less than one millimeter in length. The

species of Platystele are characterized by ramicauls shorter than the leaves,

and a lateral, racemose inflorescence that emerges with an annulus a variable

distance below the abscission layer. Many sterile plants of Platystele are indis-

tinguishable from each other or from some of those of several other pleuroth-

allid genera such as Dryadella Luer, Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav., Ophidion Luer,

Pleurothallis R. Br. subgen. Specklinia, Scaphosepalum Pfitz., Stelis Sw., or

Trisetella Luer.

Individually, the flowers of Platystele are very similar to, if not indistin-

guishable from those of Lepanthopsis (Cogn.) Ames. The habit, however,

with elongated ramicauls clad in lepanthiform sheaths, immediately distin-

guishes the latter. Subgenus Teaguei could possibly represent an intermediate

taxon. The transverse, bilobed, apical stigma is common to both genera, as

well as to Brachionidium Lindley, Pleurothallis subgenus Pleurothallis, most

species of Stelis, and even few species of Lepanthes Sw. and Octomeria R. Br.

Although most are very small, the flowers of Platystele are usually widely

spread. The sepals are free, only the laterals sometimes connate to each other

near the base. The size of the sepals and petals is commonly variable within a

given species, the dimensions often varying two or three millimeters, which

can be more than 100% in tiny flowers (twice the dimensions or four times the

size!), as seen in P. examen-culicum, P. oxyglossa and P. pedicellaris.

The lip of a given species is more constant in size. It is usually simple and

more or less cellular-glandular. The base, with or without a glenion, is usually

firmly fixed to the rudimentary column-foot. The column itself is short and

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 3

more or less flattened or membranous forming a broad hood over an apical

anther flanked by the receptive stigmatic lobes of the transverse, bilobed —

stigma.

In common with most other pleurothallids, crystalline deposits in varying

quantities are often seen within the floral parts preserved in liquid. An

unusually large amount of the crystals is seen in the flowers and also in the

leaves of P. argentosa Luer & Escobar. Similar crystals in a Stelis have been

identified as calcium oxalate hydrate (Chase and Peacor, 1987).

By 1974, the total number of epithets attributed to Platystele had reached

28 encompassing 22 species. Currently the total number of known species is

73. They are distributed in the moist, neotropical forests from southern

Mexico to southern Brazil, most commonly at moderately high altitudes (1500

to 2500 meters above sea level) where other genera of the Pleurothallidinae

also are abundant. The greatest concentration of species occurs in the Andes

of Colombia and Ecuador. One species is known from Cuba, but none is

known from the Lesser Antilles except for Platystele johnstonii from the Isla

de Margarita off the coast of Venezuela.

Before the forests are gone, more species and range extensions will even-

tually be discovered, especially in Peru which has been largely unexplored for

the insignificant pleurothallids.

4 Florida - 0

q*, Greater Antilles - 1

‘e Lesser Antilles - 0

Trinidad & Tobago - 1

Venezuela - 6

Ivador - 2 uyana - 1

icaragua - 4 riname - 2

Costa Rica - 11 French Guyana - 1

Panama - 14

Colombia - 32

Ecuador - 40

Peru - 6+

Bolivia - 3

Paraguay - 0

Chile - 0

Uruguay - 0

Argentina - 0

Figure 1. Distribution: numbers of species of Platystele recorded for countries.

4 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni ie 8: 565, 1910.

et Platystele bulbinella Schitr., Repert. Spec. N Regni Veg. 8: 565, 1910. (=Stelis

compacta Ames, Orchidaceae 3: 76, t. 53, 1908) a Mespuche compacta (Ames) Ames,

Proc. Biol. Soc. ¥ Wash. 35: 85, 1922

Ety.: — the Greek platystele, “a broad column,” referring to the broad, membranous,

te column of the species.

Plants perennial, very small to medium in size. size, epiphytic to terrestrial or lithophytic, the

rhizome ano short to elongate between aerial stems (ramicauls); roots few to —— slen-

der, es fleshy. Ramicauls ascending to erect, slender, nonpse er than

the. leat, nfo partially or completely enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, noonra sheaths

about the base, the inflorescence emerging laterally with an annulus from near the apex, or

abscission Han near the middle, or near the base. Leaf erect, thinly to gid coriaceous,

smooth, sometimes suffused with purple, usually more or less petiolate, the blade, elliptical

narrowly elliptical to narrowly obovate, the lise acute to obtuse, notched with an Serine “a

the sinus. the base cu or y petiole. Inflorescence

or longer than the leaf, der ly fl d to laxly fl or

many-flowered, with the flowers resupinate, , borne by an erect to ascending, slender, glabrous

peduncle, often =~ a few bracts; floral bracts thin, tubular, pedicels slender, ovary smooth to

ously colored, more or less ovate, 1- or 3-veined ined (rarely vein-

es, ‘ten subcarinate, entire, glabrous to pubescent, sometimes ciliate, the dorsal sepal essen-

ally connate, all usually widely RPG to form a more or

mai ang flower, the apices sometimes. contracted i nto slender tails; petals membranous, entire

glabrous to pubescent, sometimes ciliate; lip more or less fleshy, ovate to capac acute, acumi-

ransverse to

pat x base of the column broad, developed into a rode

with the apex of the ovary.

The genus is divided into two subgenera, four species being segregated

into subgenus Teagueia. The remaining species constitute subgenus Platystele.

Platystele subgen. Platystele

Type: Platystele bulbinella Schltr.

All the species of this subgenus (the whole of the genus save for the four

species treated in subgenus Teaguei) are closely related. The creation of

sections seems impractical. The characteristics of several species place them

in more than one division of the key.

The sepals and petals are one-veined. The midvein may be absent in some

extremely small flowers.

Platystele oxyglossa is the “super species,” or the “mother-species,” to

ich many of the species seem closely interrelated. It is of the simplest form,

yet with numerous minor variations throughout its wide distribution from

Mexico into Brazil, which is essentially that for the entire genus.

sora doar Teagueia Luer, Icones Pleurothallidinarum II, Monogr.

Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 45, 1986

ats Platystele teaguei Luer, Selbyana 5: 157, 1979.

Ety: Named in honor of Walter Teague of San Francisco, California, who first discovered

he type-species.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 5

This subgenus is characterized by comparatively large flowers with sepa-

line tails. Three of the species bear the flowers more or less simultaneously in

a long, strict raceme suggestive of Lepanthopsis. The dorsal sepals are three-

veined, the laterals, at least two-veined. The lips are concave or channeled

centrally below the apex and cordate at the base with the lobes surrounding

the abbreviated column. The column with an apical anther and rostellum and

a bilobed stigma are compatible with both Platystele and Lepanthopsis. If it

were not for the absence of lepanthiform sheaths of the ramicauls, these

species might be classified in Lepanthopsis.

The four known species that constitute this subgenus are rare and distrib-

uted locally from the Central Cordillera of Colombia to central Ecuador.

Figure 2. Flowers of A. Platystele compacta (Ames) Ames

B. Lepanthopsis dodii Garay

C. Platystele teaguei Luer

6 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

EPITHETS PUBLISHED IN PLATYSTELE

AND LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Platystele acicularis Luer & Hirtz Plate 1.

Platystele aculeata Luer Plate 2.

Platystele acutilingua Kapuler & Hascall Plate 3.

Platystele altarica Luer Plate 4.

Platystele alucitae Luer Plate 5.

Platystele argentosa Luer & Escobar Plate 6.

Platystele aurea Garay = Pleurothallis rubella Luer

Platystele brasiliensis Brade = Platystele oxyglossa

Platystele brenneri Luer Plate 7.

Platystele bulbinella Schltr. = Platystele compacta

Platystele calantha P. Ortiz Plate 8.

Platystele calymma Luer Plate 9.

Platystele caudatisepala C. Schweinf Plate 10.

Platystele compacta (Ames) Ames Plate 11.

Platystele consobrina Luer Plate 12.

Platystele crinita Luer & Hirtz Plate 13

Platystele cuculigera P. Ortiz = Platystele alucitae

Platystele culex Luer & Escobar = Platystele examen-culicum

Platystele dasyglossa P. Ortiz Plate 14.

Platystele densiflora P. Ortiz Plate 15.

Platystele dodsonii Luer Plate 16.

Platystele dressleri Luer Plate 17.

Platystele edmundoi Pabst Plate 18.

Platystele enervis Luer Plate 19,

Platystele escobariana Garay = Platystele schmidtchenii

Platystele examen-culicum Luer Plate 20.

Platystele filamentosa Luer Plate 21.

Platystele fimbriata Luer & Hirtz Plate 22.

Platystele gemmula Luer = Platystele microglossa

Platystele gyroglossa Luer Plate 23.

Platystele halbingeriana (Schultes) Garay = Platystele minimiflora

Platystele hirtzii Luer Plate 24.

Platystele hypsitera Luer & Escobar = Platystele pisifera

Platystele jesupiorum Luer Plate 25.

Platystele johnstonii (Ames) Garay Plate 26

Platystele jungermannioides (Schltr.) Garay Plate 27

Platystele lancilabris (Reichb. f.) Schitr Plate 28

Platystele londonoana Luer & Escobar... Plate 29

Platystele lycopodioides Luer & Hirtz Plate 30.

Plate 31.

Platystele megaloglossa Luer & Escobar ......

Platystele microglossa P. Ortiz

Plate 32.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE -

Platystele microscopica Luer Plate 33.

Platystele microtatantha (Schltr.) Garay Plate 34.

Platystele minimiflora (Schltr.) Garay Plate 35.

Platystele misasiana P. Ortiz Plate 36.

Platystele misera (Lindley) Garay Plate 37.

Platystele muscicola Luer & Hirtz Plate 38.

Platystele myoxura Luer & Hirtz Plate 39.

Platystele orchestris P. Ortiz Plate 40.

Platystele orectoglossa P. Ortiz Plate 41.

Platystele ornata Garay Plate 42.

Platystele ortiziana Luer & Escobar Plate 43.

Platystele ovalifolia (Focke) Garay & Dunsterv Plate 44.

Platystele ovatilabia (Ames & Schweinf.) Garay Plate 45.

Platystele oxyglossa (Schltr.) Garay Plate 46.

Platystele pedicellaris (Schltr.) Garay Plate 47.

Platystele perpusilla (Reichb. f.) Garay Plate 48.

Platystele phasmida Luer & Escobar Plate 49.

Platystele pisifera (Lindley) Luer Plate 50.

Platystele porphyroglossa P. Ortiz = Platystele gyroglossa

Platystele posadarum Luer & Escobar Plate 51.

Platystele propinqua (Ames) Garay Plate 52.

Platystele pubescens Luer Plate 53.

Platystele pygmaea (Hoehne) Pabst = Platystele oxyglossa

Platystele pyriformis Luer Plate 54.

Platystele rauhii Luer Plate 55.

Platystele reflexa Luer Plate 56.

Platystele repens Ames Plate 57.

Platystele resimula Luer & Hirtz Plate 58.

Platystele rex Luer & Escobar Plate 59.

Platystele rhinocera Luer Plate 60.

Platystele schmidtchenii Schltr Plate 61.

Platystele schneideri P. Ortiz Plate 62.

Platystele schulzeana (Schltr.) Garay = Platystele oxyglossa

Platystele spatulata Luer Plate 63.

Platystele stellaris Luer Plate 64.

Platystele stenostachya (Reichb. f.) Garay Plate 65.

Platystele stevensonii Luer Plate 66.

Platystele stonyx Luer Plate 67.

Platystele taylorii Luer Plate 68.

Platystele teaguei Luer Plate 69.

Platystele umbellata P. Ortiz Plate 70.

Platystele vetulus Luer & Hirtz “8 i

Platystele viridis Luer

Platystele xiphochila pa f.) Garay = Trichosalpinx xiphochila San ay Luer

Platystele zeus Luer & Hir Plate 73.

8 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SPECIES OF PLATYSTELE

1 Dorsal sepal 3-veined, lateral sepals at least 2-veined; lip

sulcate with basal lobes surrounding the column 76

1’ All three sepals 1-veined (rarely without veins); lip neither

sulcate nor with basal lobes surrounding the column 2

Subgenus Platystele

2 Habit distinctly repent 3

2’ Habit caespitose, or very shortly repent z

Habit repent

3 Leaves broadly ovate, more or less prostrate 4

3’ Leaves narrowly elliptic, more or less erect 5

4 Dorsal sepal long-caudate P. johnstonii

4 Dorsal sepal ovate, more or less obtuse P. ovalifolia

5 Mature leaves up to 20 mm long; inflorescence

considerably shorter than the leaf P. repens

5’ Mature leaves less than 10 mm long; inflorescence

as long as or longer than the leaf 6

6 Mature leaves 5-10 mm long; inflorescence up to

P. minimiflora

6’ Mature leaves 3-4 mm long; inflorescence up to

5 mm long P, jungermannioides

7 Inflorescence successively flowered, 1 or sometimes 2,

rarely 3 flowers open 28

ly vw successively flowered, with

3 or more flowers open simult ] 8

Habit caespitose;

8 Inflorescence shorter than the leaf, densely flowered 9

8’ Inflorescence as long as or longer than the leaf. 12

9 Sepals and petals glab 10

9 Sepals and petals ciliate 11

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

P. stenostachya

10 Lip obtuse, cellular-glandular

10’ Lip acute, cellular-pubescent

P. dasyglossa

11 Lip about as large as the sepals, ovate, the sides not

revolute, the apex not convex

P. umbellata

11’ Lip larger than the sepals, pandurate with revolute sides,

the apex convex

13 Lip acute or acuminate

14 Sepals and petals obtuse, ciliate

15 Floral parts acuminate

15’ Floral parts acute

17 Petals falcate

17’ Petals not falcate

18 Petals cellular-ciliate

P. ortiziana

12 Inflorescence more or less simultaneously flowered 13

12’ Inflorescence successively flowered, several flowers

open simultaneously on a continually lengthening raceMe..............sessesserseeeeees 23

13’ Lip subacute, obtuse or rounded 17

P. ornata

14’ Sepals and petals acute, not ciliate 15

P. dodsonii

16 Lip thickened and incurved at the apex P. perpusilla

16’ Lip neither thickened nor incurved at the apex P. lancilabris

P. calymma

P. misasiana

18’ Petals not cellular-ciliate

19 Sepals acuminate, the laterals nearly parallel

19° Sepals not acuminate

P. schmidtchenii

20 Lateral sepals nearly parallel; lip oblong

20’ Lateral sepals diverging; lip not oblong

P. viridis

21 Sepals narrowly obtuse; lip with a large glenion

21’ Sepals acute to subacute; lip with a small glenion

P. edmundoi

P. ovatilabia

22 Mature leaves less than 5 cm long; lip ovate

22’ Mature Leaves 5-9 cm long; lip suborbicular....................000+++

23 Inflorescence very congested, the terminal portion

of the raceme crowded with overlapping flowers

itil P. gyroglossa

23’ Inflorescence subdensely flowered

10 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

24 Flowers crowded into a subumbellate tip of the inflorescence;

petals obtuse; lip abruptly pointed

P. compacta

24 Flowers crowded into an elongate portion of the inflorescence;

petals acute; lip rounded

25 Leaves ovoid, semiterete; lip acuminate

P. densiflora

P. rauhii

25’ Leaves neither ovoid nor semiterete;

lip subacute to narrowly rounded

26 Leaves obovate, obtuse; inflorescence up to 25 cm long

26’ Leaves narrowly elliptical, acute; inflorescence up to

P. consobrina

50 cm long; pedicels 3.5-5 mm long

27 Pedicels less than 3.5 mm long; sepals

P. misera

less than 4 mm long

27 Pedicels more than 3.5 mm long; sepals

more than 5 mm long

28 Inflorescence considerably longer than the leaf.

P. orectoglossa

28’ Inflorescence shorter to a little longer than the leaf

29 Inflorescence loosely flowered

* * *

Inflorescence short, successively flowered

29’ Inflorescence congested or densely flowered

30 Plant 7-10 cm tall; lip oblong, obtuse.

P. londonana

30’ Plant less than 3 cm tall; lip acute

31 Lip long-acuminate, much longer than the sepals

31’ Lip about as long as the sepals

P. acutilingua

32 Plant 2-3 cm tall; sepals 4-5 mm long P. propinqua

32’ Plant less than 1 cm tall; sepals ca. 1.5 mm long.............ccsscssesessseeeeeeeee P. taylorii

33 Peduncle arising from high on the ramicaul,

shorter than the leaf 34

33’ Peduncle arising from low on the ramicaul,

about as long as the leaf 37

34 Lip cordate at the base P. argentosa

34 Lip not cordate at the base 35

35 Petals and lip shortly ciliate P. dresslert

35’ Petals glabrous; lip cellular-glandular 36

36 Petals PB NDS CR Oe

3G" Dotale

ine 8 —

P. reflexa

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 11

37 Lip obovoid, obtuse P. calantha

37 Lip ovate, acute 38

38 Sepals narrowly long-acuminate, 6-12 mm long 39

38’ Sepals subacute to acuminate, 2-6 mm long 40

39 Dorsal sepal more than 10 mm long; lip ovate, acute .............. P. caudatisepala

39’ Dorsal sepal about 6 mm long; lip acuminate ............s.ssessesssseeeeeseenees P. brenneri

40 Lip proportionately small, less than one-third as long as the sepals 41

40’ Lip about half to two-thirds as long as the sepals 42

41 Sepals caudate, the laterals diverging P. microglossa

41’ Sepals long-attenuate, the laterals Re ee P. orchestris

42 Sepals subacute; lip cleft and long-ciliate P. crinita

42’ Sepals acuminate; lip neither cleft nor ciliate 43

43 Sepals shortly acuminate; petals oblique, subfalcate P. pedicellaris

43’ Sepals gradually acuminate; petals narrowly ovate P. pisifera

Inflorescence long, successively and loosely 1- to 2-flowered

44 Apex of the lip rounded to narrowly obtuse, not incurved 45

44 Apex of the lip subacute, acute, acuminate or incurved 50

45 Sepals pubescent

45’ Sepals not pubescent, but may be ciliate 47

46 Lip pandurate, ciliate P. muscicola

46’ Lip transversely cordate-ovate, cellular-glandular P. pubescens

47 Lip obovate with the apex rounded 48

47 Lip not obovate 49

48 Leaves up to2 cm Bilge sara sepal acuminate;

petals narrowly linear- P. stevensonii

48’ Leaves up to 7 cm long; cane sepal acute;

petals narrowly ovate P. pyriformis

49 Lip elliptical, about one-fourth as long as the sepals.................... P. posadarum

49° Lip ovate with a large glenion, about half as long

as the sepals P. altarica

50 Lip very thick with the apex short, thick, incurved 51

50’ Lip ovate, acute or subacute Be

12 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

51 Leaves spathulate; lip ]

a Ad 1

51’ Leaves not gamer eed eo not

P. spatulata

52 Sepals acuminate, acute

52’ Dorsal sepal obtuse to rounded

53 Lip broadly ovoid with the incurved apex obtuse

FP.

53’ Lip narrowly ovate with the incurved apex acute .........s00

54 Sepals and petals fimbriate

seckbeees P. jesupiorum

P. fimbriata

54 Sepals and petals entire

P. rhinocera

55 Lip with a prominent basal callus

5S’ Lip without a prominent basal callus

56 Lip narrowly linear-ovate with the basal callus

56’ Lip ovate with a broad, thick, basal callus

P. microscopica

57 Sides of the lip revolute

P. schneideri

57 Sides of the lip not revolute

P. microtatantha

58 Lip large, about as long as or longer than the sepals

58’ Lip smaller and shorter than the sepals

59 Sepals more than 2.5 mm long

59’ Sepals less than 1.5 mm long

60 Sepals abruptly acuminate; lip narrowly ovate

60’ Sepals gradually acuminate; lip ovate, acuminate

P, megaloglossa

61 Petals narrowly wate » SREY glabrous;

lip not long-acumina

ng-

61’ Petals linear, stomeely ciliate; lip long-acuminate

FP. propinqua

P. acicularis

62 Petals very narrow, up to 0.1 mm wide

62’ Petals ovate, 0.3-0.4 mm wide

P. enervis

es Lip ovate, sega not convex

63’ Lip

elliptical, co

P. filamentosa

64 Plant excluding inflorescence less than 1 cm tall

P. lycopodioides

64 Plant more than 2 cm tall

P. ovatilabia

65 Lip long-fimbriate

65’ Lip not long-fimbriate

P. vetulus

66 Lip ovoid and bicallous with an abrupt, tail-like apex

So ee tail-lik

P. myoxura

, 67

68 Leaves ovoid, semiterete

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 13

67 Lip ovate with the apex acute and acuminate .........sssssssssesesssessnsersneennnesssneesnnced 68

67 Lip ovate with the apex acute, not acuminate 70

P. rauhii

68’ Leaves elliptical, coriaceous, not semiterete

69 Lip ovate, contracted near the middle into a

subulate apex

P. examen-culicum

69’ Lip narrowly ovate, acuminate, acute

P. aculeata

70 Sepals 6 or more mm long; lip 4-6 mm long

70’ Sepals up to 5 mm long; lip up to 3.5 mm long

71 Sepals long-acuminate, art mm long; lip ovate,

not longitudinally chann

71’ Sepals acute, ca.6 mm re lip fusiform,

longitudinally channeled

P. orectoglossa

72 Sepals and petals broadly ovate at the base P. stellaris

72’ Sepals and petals narrowly ovate from the base P. hirtzii

73 Lip less than 1 mm long with a large glenion;

etals fil t P. alucitae

73’ Lip at least 1 mm long without a prominent glenion;

petals not filamentous 74

74 Inflorescence loose, more or less flexuous 75

74 Inflorescence more or less congested, not flexuous P. pisifera

75 Lip broadly channeled, bicallous at the base P. stonyx

75° Lip neither channeled nor bicallous at the base P. oxyglossa

Subgenus Teagueia

76 Leaves with undulate margins; sepals 3-4 cm long;

petals suborbicular, obtuse P. zeus

76° Leaves not undulate; sepals 1-2 cm long; petals acute or acuminate.............. 77

77 Sepals about 1 cm long; lip without a basal callus P. teaguei

TT Sepals about 2 cm long; lip with a conspicuous callus at the base 78

78 Lateral sepals 3 mm wide; lip suborbicular, 3 mm wide,

glabrous except for the callus P. rex

78° Lateral sepals 1.5 mm wide; lip ovate, 1.5 mm wide,

shortly pubescent

P. phasmida

14 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele acicularis Luer & Hirtz, sp. n

Ety.: From the Latin acicularis, “sharply PON ” referring to the floral parts.

a parva caespitosa, infloresce osa flexuosa foliis ellipticis longiore, sepalis

petalne Paphos ovatis minutssime cilia, “label _— crasso anguste ovoideo apice

canaliculato.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-4 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 15-40

, the base ape eors ate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, istichous, epee

many-flowere up to 15 cm long including the slender, nage peduncle 3-5 g,

emer tral from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1-15 mm long; pedicels 3-7 on ‘ae

ong; sepals meg Bebe: = Eanes or pale ae minutely ciliate, short-

era e, 5.5-6.5 mm long, 1.25-1.6 mm wide, free to the base; petals

eo “1 the sepals, ciliate, with the hairs joes narrowly oat-tanguls acute, attenua te,

5-6 mm long, 0.5 mm — lip protuberant, dark purple or dark brown, thick, semiterete, cellu-

lar-landular, narrowly ovate, 5-6 mm long, 0.75-1.4 mm wide, ate acute — oo the

dise wi superficial, iainetient sulcus, the base subtrunca’ with at 1-

lus, more or ‘ie concave between the halves, fixed to si hee bee Hputing cucullate, 05 mm

long, 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Morona-Santiago: 5 ye in cloud forest between Macas and Guamote,

alt. 1500 m, 6 Feb. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & 12693 (Holotype: MO). Prov. of Carchi: El

Carmelo, alt. 2400 m, May 1985, he Hirtz “a (M0). Prov. of magne ae del

Condor, east of Chuchumbletza, alt. 1750 m, 21 7 1988, C. Luer, A. Hi es, A, Andr.

eetta & W. Teague 13562 wee in of the pass between Gualaceo and ete. ae “3100 m, 16

Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, W. Flores & A. Embree 11852 (MO). Prov. of Napo: between

Cotundo and Coca, alt. 1600 m, nb 1984, A. Hirtz 1522 (MO). Prov. of Pastaza: Rio Negro at

Rio rence fh 1150 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 11187 (MO). Prov.

of Zam nchipe: between Loja and Zamora, alt. 2250 m, 22 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W.

Flores, ri prororen & W. Teague 13594 (MO).

Platystele acicularis is closely related to P. pisifera and the Colombian P.

stonyx. Both P. acicularis and P. pisifera are widely distributed in Ecuador and

intermediate forms seem to exist. The large lip of P. acicularis is ovoid with

e apex long-attenuate and the disc superficially channeled medially. The lip

of P. stonyx is smaller and broadly channeled. The lip of P. pisifera is ovate

and acute. The sides of the lip of P. acicularis seem to wrap around the

margins of the blade, often meeting in the midline on the back surface. The

fine pubescence of the sepals and cilia of the petals also distinguish P. acicu-

laris.

Platystele aculeata Luer, Phytologia 49: 197, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin aculeatus, “sharp-pointed,” referring to the apices of the floral parts.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely rie apes roots comparatively coarse. pesmi erect,

slender, 5-8 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, cory ey sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous

petiola ate, 12-20 mm long — the eibule 5-10 g, the haps chet. subacute, 4-5

— = ince “inlorese a loose, flexuous, distichous,

successively several- to m up to is bie 6 orne by an erect, baad

peduncle ca. 2 cm long, ssing tral cle he bashes floral bracts thin, 0.75 mm long;

pedicels 3-3.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long, subcostate; sepals translucent light tan, ee

narrowly ovate, acute, stleslcate, the plans: sepal 6 mm long, 1 mm wide, 1-veined, _ lateral

sepals oblique, 6 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, free to the base — translucent light tan, narrowly

ovate, acute, long-attenuate, 5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide at the b: ase; lip brown, cetiedan. tanidatin,

na linear-ovate, 3-4.5 mm long, 0.75-1 mm wide, the apex acute, attenuate, incurved, the

base truncate with a ll glenion, re reflexed to an ice attachment to the column-foot; ¢

€ at I

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 15

Plate 1. Platystele acicularis Luer & Hirtz

16 SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

2 mm

Plate 2. Platystele aculeata Luer

i a i

: on ea il ais 5

}

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 17

ECUADOR: Prov. of Se 3 pie = cloud forest southeast of El Carmelo, alt. 2050 m, 17

May 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 6303 (Holotype: SEL). Prov. of Pastaza: epiphytic in forest

along Rio Zufiag, alt. 2200 m, 23 Feb Hirtz et al. 4615, (MO). Prov. of Zamora-Chin-

Luer, J.

1990, A.

chipe: gly go oy cloud forest above Valladolid, alt. 2450 m, 23 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, A.

Hirtz 0945 (MO).

This species has been found on only a few occasions in Ecuador. It is

easily distinguished from the other similar members of the genus by the long-

attenuate floral parts with the up-curved, hooklike apex of the lip.

Platystele acutilingua Kapuler & Hascall, Bull. Amer. Orchid Soc. 35: 544,

1966.

Ety.: From the Latin acutilingua, “an acute tongue,” referring to the long-acuminate lip.

nt very small, oe densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1 ri

mm oa enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-15 m

long including the petiole 2-4 mm long, the blade elliptical, subacute ¢, 2.5-3 mm wide, the base

narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, distichous, successively

I-flowered raceme YP to 35 mm long including the erect, slender peduncle ca. 10 mm long,

arising ones from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 0.5 mm long; pedicels 15 mm long; ovary

0.5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, glabrous, ovate, subacute to obtuse, 1 m

m wide, 1-veined, the dorsal sepal concave, = — sepals oblique, free to the base; petals

translucent yellow, narrow oy ag acute, 0.9 mm long, 0.05 mm wide; lip red, arrowly ovate,

acute, long-attenuate, 2.5 mm long, 0.3 mm wi wide, the base truncate with a transverse callus,

attached to the column-foot; “pes broadly cucullate, 0.5 mm long and broad, the stigma

bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé: between Tutunendo and El Carmen, foothills of the Western

Cordillera, V. C. Kapuler & A. M. Hascall 268 poe COL). Dept. of a Parque

Nacional Natural “Las Orquideas,” Rio Calles, alt. 1250-1375 m, 31 May 1988, A. Cogollo & J.

Ramirez 3138 CALNE, MO).

ncn apse R: Prov. of Pichincha: near Dos Rios, between Santo Domingo and Chiri ne a

1190 m, 5 July 1971, B. MacBryde 552 (AMES); epiphytic in forest at the by Palenque

Station, collected by C. H. Dodson, alt. 300 m, Nov. 1978, C. Luer 4042 (S. EL); near ees

Quito, alt. 370 m, 26 Jan. 1985, C. H. Dodson & P. M. poate 15509 (MO). Prov. of Esmeraldas:

epiphytic in forest west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer, C. H. Dodson & A. Hirtz

12417 (MO).

This tiny species is related to the frequent and widely distributed P. oxy-

glossa, but the former is easily recognized by the obtuse sepals, narrowly

linear petals, and the long-attenuate lip more than twice longer than the se-

pals. Platystele acutilingua is not uncommon in the low, wet coastal forests

from the Chocé in Colombia to lowland, westcentral Ecuador.

wae anes Luer, Phytologia 46: 354, 1980.

for Volc4n Altar, below which this species was discovered.

Plant small, , epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. inate — geo adi mm long, en-

closed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect us, petiolate, 15-20 mm long

se hig a = 3-5 esi long, the qe obovate, obtuse, “Spee mm wee anced below into the

petiole. Inflo ichous, strict » Successively several-flowered raceme 3-5

cm long including ie sens chee ca. 2 cm long, arising laterally from the ramicaul; floral

bracts thin, 1 mm long; pedicels 4 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow with a

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 3. Platystele acutilingua Kapuler & Hascall

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

‘i Y

ae Ee

ig pias

Cae

"SE

a al |

Plate 4. Platystele altarica Luer

20 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

brown midvein, glabrous, ovate below the middle, the apex acute, ig gets the dorsal

sepal, 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the lateral sepals, oblique, 3.2 ap lon; age mm des free = the

base; petals translucent yellow with a brown midvein, narrowly , acute, long-acuminate, 3

ae wide, the margins qomapnaing A cellular; mA fees covered by a cpt

cells, ovate obtuse truncate with a

glenion, sow a with a flat, elliptical ceeaion ngrides oft the capitate pao sig sara

cucullate, 1 mm long and broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Chimborazo: epiphytic in cloud forest on the western slope of Volcan

Altar, alt. 3200 m, 14 Nov. 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 5196 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is known only from the original collection on the western

flank of Volc4n Altar, but this area is seldom visited. Platystele altarica is

recognized by the brown-striped sepals and petals, and an ovate, dark purple

lip, covered by capitate cells, with a large glenion and a central depression.

ee. — = Taba, ep 46: 355, 1980.

, “gnats,” in allusion to the appearance of the inflorescence.

nate fone 5 One diy aire ps 14: 210, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin cuculliger, “‘h ” referring to the dorsal sepal and column.

Plant very small, = ryt caespitose; roots slender. ee slender, 1-5 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 8-18

mm long including the eetiole 3-7 mm lee the blade narrowly sdiiesiesl-chowite, pee 3-5

mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, distichous,

successively several- to many-flowered raceme up to 18 cm “pid ie hg the erect, slender

peduncle 1-2 cm long, arising laterally from the ramicaul; flora cts thin, 1 mm long; pedicels

3-6 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm lon Is translucent ais a sometimes suffused with

ros¢, glabrous, the dorsal sepal ovate and concave in the lower quarter or third, with the suba-

ute apex contracted into a filiform tail, 3 mm long, 0.75-1 wide above the base, 1-veined,

the pws sepals narrowly ovate, oblique, subcarinate, acute, attenuate, free to the base, 3.54

ong, 0.5-0.9 mm wide; petals narrowly age filamentous, acute, long-attenuate, 2.25-3 mm

eas Wi den a arias te pak Coes “sip ovate, acute, 0.75-1.5 mm long,

onta mm wide, lightly excavate centrally, the base truncate with a nion, attached to

the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.8 mm one poor broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudi-

mentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Imbabura: epiphytic in cloud forest above Apuela, alt. ca. 2500 m, 8 Feb.

1979, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & A. ae ee SEL); Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m,

May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4239, 4240 (MO). Prov. of Bolivar: north of ne alt. 2300 m,

25 Sher: 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer, J. ro aA Hirtz 9705 (MO). Prov. of Carchi: east

of Maldonado, ope" 2400 m, 4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrim & T. . Héijer 9943 (MO). Prov. of El

Oro: near Piii t. 1000 m, collected by C. H. ‘Dodson, flowered in cultivation 25 Mar. 1981, C.

Luer 5988 (SEL). hee of Pichincha: between Chiriboga and Santo Domingo, alt. 1950 m, 28

May 1988, C. Luer & A. Hirtz 13709 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Cocorné, collected by L. C. Vieira, flowered in cultivation in

Bogota, Aug. 1979, P. Ortiz 969 (COL, type of P. cuculligera); Ituango, collected by J. M. Serna,

43.

& E. Valencia 11344 (MO); Munic. of rada E] Oro, alt. 1850 m, 16 Mar. 1989, C.

A C Luey, S: Dobsnles & W. Todeue 14177 (ACh Dept. of Santander: west of Velez, alt. 2500

m, 5 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10099 (MO).

This delicately flowered little species is rather frequent and widely distrib-

uted through the Andes from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia to southern

Ecuador. It is distinguished by the concave, long-tailed sepals; narrowly lin-

ear, usually upcurved petals; Earns tone ont ocinienltag

See {. i - - ~—.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 5. Platystele alucitae Luer

22 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele argentosa Luer & Escobar, sp. n

Ety.: From the Latin argentosus, “full of snot refering to the unusually large numbers of

crystalline deposits in the leaves and flower parts

Planta parva caespitosa, foliis ellipticis obtusis petiolis conduplicatis, inflorescentia racemo-

sa folio breviore, Sepalis ovatis os petalis subfalcatis acutis ciliatis, labello crasso carnoso

ovoideo ciliato apice acuto incurvo.

Plant small, i aria densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, ea 5-10 mm

long, enclosed by 2- imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, gray-green, with numer-

ous, minute, pbs deposits, obovate, obtuse, 15-25 mm long wcting a a mei condupli-

cate petiole 3-5 mm long, 8-12 mm wide, the base narrowed into the petiole. Inflorescence a very

ss)

alt

long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent green, ovate, obtuse, with minute, crystalline depos-

its, the dorsal sepal 1.8 mm Migs 1.2 mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals pom 1.5 mm long,

1.2 mm wide, connate basally; petals ipa green, with similar, crystalline deposits, linear-

a mpeg a ciliate, a mm long, 0.4 mm hia lip dark pes: ciliate and cellular

pu , thick, ovoid, 1.2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the x acute, incurved, the base cordate

with cee se ihe column; column cucullate at the ioc 0.6 mm long, the stigma bilobed,

the foot obsolescent

COLOMBIA: Dept. of spd so Teeheg Nacional Natural “Las Orquideas,” Rio Calles, =

1250-1375 m, rt bee 1988, A. Cogollo & J. Ramirez 3137 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype: oy sam

uebrad. oat ae alt. 1390-1420 m, 12 Feb. 1989, 4. Cogollo, D. Cardenas & O. nore

3911 (JAUM, MO). De t. of Chocé: without known collector, flowered in cultivation by M. &

. Robledo at La Ceja, DD Nov. 1981, C. Luer 6750 (SEL).

Vegetatively this species is distinctive with gray-green, spathulate leaves

broadly conduplicate at the base. In the dried state, numerous, minute, crystal-

line deposits are visible within the substance of the leaves. The peduncle of the

inflorescence lies in the sulcus of the petiole to bear the flowers in a congested

raceme near the middle of the dorsum of the leaf. The sepals and petals are

green and bear crystalline deposits similar to those seen in the leaves. The lip

is deep purple, thick, ovoid, and ciliate with a cordate base and an incurved

apex.

Platystele brenneri Luer, Selbyana 3: 24, 1976.

_ hepa in honor of Joe Brenner, oo of Puyo, Ecuador, who discovered and culti-

ed this species at Hosteria Thiiri

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender,

1-3 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, a, imbrcatng sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, sig

obovate, obtuse, apiculate, - mm long 2- wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base.

I rescence a congested, successively several eptebieade raceme up to 5 mm long including the

7 filiform Seciegine 4-10 mm ea ela laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 0.75

2mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals iiastoneat th light yellow, with red along

I sepa

transl , Very narrowly ova

eit bright t red, ovate, acute, , Shon acumin nate, 1.75 mm long, 1 mm wide, the base truncate,

late, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the stigma bilobed, t

ms rudimentary.

os ae eS

or oe x

“ee

So eT Ft at

Pee ae P

hae i er

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 6. Platystele argentosa Luer & Escobar

24 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 7. Platystele brenneri Luer

}

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 25

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pastaza: without locality, ee on logs behind Hotel Turingia by Joe

Brenner, flowered 30 July 7 C. Luer 471 (Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in forest east of

, alt. ca. 1000 m, 19 Mar. 1976, C. Luer, J. Luer & P. Seared s.n. (SEL); —— in rte 10

km north of — alt. 1000 m, 12 Apr. 1985, C. Luer, J. J. Luer, A . Hirtz & W. Flores 11206 (MO).

PANAMA: of Darién: mountains between Tubuald (San Blas) and ‘eae (Darién),

alt. 400-500 m, 2 2 Feb. 1977, R. L. Dressler 5593 (MO).

This tiny species is known from two distant localities at relatively low alti-

tudes: one in the Oriente of Ecuador and the other in the Darién of Panama.

It is readily identified by the tiny caespitose habit; flowers with long-attenuate

sepals, the dorsal sepal somewhat longer than the lateral sepals, and the small,

ovate, acute lip. A long-attenuate dorsal sepal is also seen in the repent P.

johnstonii from coastal Venezuela. Platystele brenneri is also closely allied to

P. caudatisepala, but the much longer dorsal sepal and the larger habit easily

distinguish the latter.

Platystele Serna P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 12: 138, 1977.

Ety.: From the Greek calanthos, “a beautiful flower,” referring to the most attractive flower

ina nik = noted for its beauty.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 15-25 mm long includ-

ing a petiole 3-5 mm long, the blade narrowly oe tana Pry mm wide, narrowly cune-

ro below ti the oe petiole. Inflorescence an to suberect, con , Successively

eral-flowered raceme to 10 mm i borne by a filiform peduncle to 15 mm long, arising

Taine oa the ramicau at floral bra ie 15 mm rpc pedicels 4 mm long; ovary cos-

tate, 1 mm long; — translucent aie €, glabrous, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 7 mm

i veined, the lateral sepals ‘ceies i mm long 2.5 mm wide, 2 ke free

to the base; petals petinrnat tor yellow-white, ovate, acute, 6 mm long, 2 mm wi yell

green, suffused with red below the middle, thick, fleshy, obovoid with yon — rounded, the

sides recurved, 3.5 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, fixed

to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long and broad, the ae ordre the foot

rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Yarumal, “El Oro,” alt. 2050 m, R. Escobar 1414 (Holotype:

ae flowered in cultivation by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 15 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2044

Som: Prov. of Esmeraldas: wet forest west of Lita, alt. 800 m, 13 Aug. 1986, A. Hirtz 2972

(MO).

This proportionately large-flowered species is one of the more attractive

species of the genus, hence its “beauty” because it can — seen better with the

naked eye. The flowers of plants discovered in northwestern Ecuador are not

as large as those originally discovered in Colombia. pomeney calantha was

first discovered in the Western Cordillera of Colombia by Rodrigo Escobar.

The simple sepals and petals are yellow-white, ovate and acute, and the obo-

vate, thickened lip is suffused with red at the base.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 8. Platystele calantha P. Ortiz

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 27

Platystele calymma Luer, Selbyana 3: 266, 1977.

Ety.: ae! the Gree eee “a hood,” referring to the large, cucullate column.

ll, epiphytic, roots eng Ramicauls erect, ig ses mm long,

nclosed by 2. 2-3 ‘thin, ribbed, imbreating shea Leaf erect to suberec us, 20-35 mm

ai Aha a petiole “tiie ong, the bate elliptical-obovate, weg T10 n mm mim wide cune-

ate below into the petio piers a weak, suberect, loose, successively ral-flowered

raceme vp = 68 cm oa including the filiform peduncle ca. 3 cm long, pitty & ‘es from the

ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 0.5 long; sepals tra

lucent greenis h white, glabrous, 1-veined, the dorsal sepa oblong, sistas cave, 2 mm long,

0.9 mm wide, the lateral sepals — acute, 1.75 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, "ies to the base;

petals translucent greenish white, n ly obovate-falcate, acute, 1. a mm long, 0.4 mm wide;

lip green, ea cllula-glanduler, sre obtuse, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, the base subtrun-

cate with a transverse, semilunate callus, the disc with a shallow depression in the center, at-

ine to the a “foot; column broadly cucullate, 1 mm long, 1.3 mm broad, the stigma

bilobed, the foot rudimen ntary.

PANAMA: of Panama: re in cloud = along the El Llano-Carti road, alt. 650 m

Feb. with, collected by R. L. Dressler s.n., flowered in inser 15 May 1977, C. pe 1622

(Holotype: SEL; Isotype: K); El faite pasnaagge t 17 Km north of El Llano, 16 Jan.

1974, R. s Dressler 4542 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in eastern Panama where it is not un-

common. It is recognized by the comparatively broad, obtuse leaves; a slen-

der, weak inflorescence of light green flowers; falcate lateral sepals and petals;

a fleshy, obovate lip; and a large, inflated, cucullate column.

Hiatyateip caudatisepala (C. cen tieee Garay, Orquideologia 9: 119, 1974.

Pleurothallis caudatisepala C. Schweinf., Bot. fl. 4: 113, 1937.

Ety.: "From the Latin ee “with caudate sepals, ” referring to the long-tailed

cae

very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, 24 m

~~ seed 4 2-3 thin, ribbed, a sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, ini

€, 12-25 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, —— eate below into the subpetiolte base. Inflores-

cence a congested, I-flowered raceme up to 8 mm mee re by an yen

filiform peduncle 10-25 mm long, arising dy tr loa from the ramicaul; floral a thin, 2 m

long; pe icels 3-4 mm long; ovary 0 Ong; sepals Sein hae to yellow with et

— the midvein, tom cetera long ciliate, very narrowl cute, attenuate, a

mm long, 1-veined, the dorsal sepal up to 32 mm long, 1 mm i ger he Saint sepals 1.5m

wide, oe is free to the base; petals translucent yellow, eagetcd ciliate, narrowly comba,

oblique, acute, 4-6 mm long, 0. 75- 1 wide; lip red, orange, or yellow. , cellular-glandular,

ovate, acu e, 15-18 mm long, 0. m wide, the base trunc ae with a a gleni on, attached to

the x pte hat column cucullate, as i long, 1 mm wide, the stigma bilobed.

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: near San Ram6n, alt. 800 m, 12 Oct. 1925, A. M. Brenes (259)-

1445 il AMES); Palmira, region of Zarcero, alt. 6000 ft., 30 Aug. 1957, A. Smith A289

Chiapas: Munic. de Ocosingo, near Laguna Ocotal Grande, Libano, alt. 950 m,

5 ae 1954, R. L Dressler 1591 (AMES).

: Dept. of Alta Verapaz: Sachicha, Cubilgiiitz, alt. 400 m, collected by Francisco

Archila, Oct. 1990, C. Luer 14854 (MO).

PANAMA: Prov. of Bocas del Toro: Trocha 3 de de noviembre, above Buenavista, alt. 500-800 m,

Apr. 1978, R. L. Dressler 5800 (Mi (MO). Prov. of Chiriqui: Buenavista, 27 June 1975, H. P. lente

» alt. p, W.

el (MO). Prov. of Coclé: near age El Copé, north of El Copé, alt. 830 m, 30 Dec

977, R. L. Dressler 5770 (MO). Prov. of Darién: Cerro Pirre, 10 July 1977, J. P. Folsum 4389

ich Ber . of Panama: Ce apa 21 July 1968, R. L. Dressler (

ECUADOR: Prov. of El Oro: epiphytic in mas forest south of Piiias, alt. 950 m, 20 Mar 1985,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10672 MO). Prov. of Pichincha: betwe tween San Miguel de los

i and Mindo, alt. 1100 m, 1 Apr. tag C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoéijer & A. Hirtz 9859

(MO

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 9. Platystele calymma Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 29

Plate 10. Platystele caudatisepala C. Schweinf.

This little species is found locally at low altitudes from Chiapas in Mexico,

through Central America and into Ecuador. It is recognized by the caespitose

habit, long-attenuate sepals, minutely ciliate petals, and a comparatively small,

ovate lip. In freshly opened flowers the sepals are about equal in length, but

the erect tail of the dorsal sepal continues to grow. It has been known to

reach 32 mm in length.

30 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ss i compacta Anes) Ames, Proc. a Soc. Wash. 35: 85, 1922.

3: 76, t. 53, 1908.

Ps: From the Latin compactus, “close together,” ie to the congested inflorescence.

Syn.: Platystele bulbinella Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 565, 1910 /

Ety.: Named for the vegetative similarity to a small species of Bulbine, a South African

nus in the Liliaceae.

Syn.: Pleurothalli 1p (Ames) Ames & Schweinf., Sched. Orchid. 10: 24, 1930.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-6 mm

long, woe by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, narrowly ellipti-

¢ to linear, subacute to obtuse, 20-50 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, eee, cuneate below

into the exbjpetiolase base. ganas es a densely many-flowered raceme, with several flowers

prod usly and fecly; a ¥0 50 mat hong, bose by ts ack: asaide r pedun-

ch 40-50 mm long, yrs vane cai tei i ramicaul; floral passa thin, 1 mm long; pedicels 2-3

m long; ovary 0.5 sepals translucent yellow, ¢, glabrous, the dorsal sepal acute

to mes 2-3 mm he 1- rs mm wide, tote the pat! sepals broadly ovate, oblique,

use, 2-25 mm long, 1.5-1.75 mm wide, connate at the base; petals translucent yellow, ovate to

peat oblique, pics 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; lip orange, broadly ovate, obtuse,

slightly acuminate, 1 mm long, 1 mm wide, the rounded base inflexibly attached to the column:

foot; column cucullate, 0s mm long and broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot 0.5 mm lon

MEXICO: Edo. Veracruz: rece Coyame and Bastonal, east of Lake Catemaco, alt. 950 m, 28

July 1973, R. L. Dressler 4445

GUATEMALA: Dept. of Alta ~ ae Cubilgiiitz, alt. 350 m, May 1901, H. von Tiirckheim

7991 (Holotype: AMES).

HONDURAS: Dept. of Comayagua: Pito Solo, alt. 2000 ft., 8 Aug. 1932, J. B. Edwards 214

(AMES). Dept. of Cortés: Santa Cruz de Yojoa, alt. 2000 ft., 31 Oct. 1933, J. B. Edwards 574

NICARAGUA: Prov. of Granada: Volcan Mombacho, alt. 1200 m, 15 Jan. 1974, J. Atwood &

= 7043 aia

rests of Rancho Flores, alt. 2043 m, Feb. 1890, H. Pittier 2013 (US, type of

- pacha aes Jay of Alajuela: above Leeharia on Volc4n Pods, alt. 7500 ft., 30 July 1932, H. E.

Stork (AMES); cio: Alfaro Ruiz, alt. 2300 m, 21 June 1938, A. Smith H787 (AMES); epi-

phytic on trees on Volcan Pods, alt. 2100 m, 20 June 1981, C. Luer, A. Luer . Gémez 6340

(SEL). Prov. of Carne La Estrella, 23 July 1925, C. H. Lankester 1031 (AMES). Prov. of

Heredia: Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, alt. 2000 m, 22-28 Feb. 1926, P. C. Standley & J.

alt. 1840 m, 3 Apr. 1969, R. W. Lent 1539 (AMES); between Volc4n Irazi and Volc4n Barva, 22

Apr. 1969, G. Davidse & R. Pohl 1709 (MO); near Monte de la Cruz, 1 Feb. 1970 m, R. L. Dres-

sler 3781 (MO); Vara Blanca between Pods and Barva, alt. 1615 m, Mar. 1938, A. F. Skutch 3643

— bg on trees “4 Volcéa Barba, alt. 1820 m, 20 Max 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, T.

O). Prov. of San José: Carpinte 924,

i yt s CANA Las Nubes, 0 1500-1900 m, 20 Mar. 1924, P. C. Standley 38510 (0 (AMES);

Zurqui, alt. 2000-2500 m, 13 Feb. 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Vi AMES); ?: Tobasi

and on , alt. 1800- m, 25 Jan. 1882, F. C. Lehmann 1139 (G). Cordillera de raed

ca, Pacific slope, al it. 2500 m, 2A pr. 1969, G. Davidse & R. Pohl 1519 (MO); epiphytic on trees

on Carpintera, alt. “2100 m, 23 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, T. Linder & W. Rhodehamel 12143

PAN, ANAMA: ign of Chiriqui: Cerro Colorado, alt. 2000 m, 16 Feb. 1977, C. Luer, J. R.

Dressler 1443 (SEL); Fortuna dam site, alt. 1200 bs 15 June 1984, W. H. Churchill 5430 (MO);

— Bugaba, Cerro Pando, 28 Feb. 1985, H. van der Werff & J. Herrera 7209 (MO); Cerro Punta,

t. 2300-2400 m, 7 June 1986, G. McPherson 9431 (MO). Prov. of Veraguas: Guabal, Rio Dos

was northwest of Santa Fe, alt. 500 m, 17 May 1975, R. L. Dressler 5036 (MO).

When Ames described Platystele compacta in the genus Stelis, he did so

with seoares because he was unable to place the species in any of the

enera. He noted that the species was most closely allied to Reichen-

batts Stelis lancilabris, and for that reason he chose to describe it in Stelis,

after considering Brachionidium and Pleurothallis. In 1 1922, he transferred it

- sha ogi —— had been defined by Schlechter i in the meantime. Again

1 it to. allis in 1930.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 31

2mm

Plate 11. Platystele compacta (Ames) Ames

Platystele compacta is widely distributed in Middle America, most fre-

quently in Costa Rica, where it had first been collected by Consul Lehmann,

and adjacent Panama. Although somewhat variable in size and color, it is

readily identified by the gradually elongating, densely flowered raceme that

produces a cluster of tiny, yellowish, simultaneous flowers at the apex over a

long period of time. Almost every plant is always in flower.

32 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele consobrina Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin consobrinus, “a cousin,” referring t lationship with Platy

Species haec P. miserae (Lindley) Garay affinis, sed foliis acutis angustioribusque, racemis

Plant medium in size to large for the genus, epiphytic, es rig te flesh pie a

erect, slender, 0.5-1.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf e ceous, 3-6

cm long including a petiole 1.5-3 cm long, the hipae hiptcal acute, 06-1 er cm wide cuneate

below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, more or si secu:

sively many-flowered raceme up to 50 cm uae or longer, Pap peduncle 5-15 cm long,

ramicaul; floral bracts

~ 1.5-2 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm bee ovary ‘1mm lon ng; “sepals éak'petals rose with darker

suffusion along the midvein, the sepals narrowly ovate, acute, glabrous, subcarinate, the

en ds 4mm Jie gal m wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 4 mm long, 1s mm wide, free to

the base; petals n acute, glabrous, 3.75 mm si pl ei mm wide; lip dark rose, thick,

pres harenciy elliptical, Shani. 2.5 mm long, 1.3 m the base subtruncate with a

minute glenion, fixed to the co! lumn-foot; column ieee 08 mm long, 1 mm broad, the

stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of La Ceja, between La Ceja and Rio Piedras, alt. ca.

2200 m, collected by C. Head & R. Escobar, Sept. 1985, flowered in cultivation by the P. & A.

Jesup in Bristol, CT., 6 May 1990, C. Luer 14765 ora MO); same area, alt. 2150 m, 29

nop 1983. C. Luer, I. Luer, R. Escobar, M. Webb & A. eps 8864 (SEL); Munic. of

ag. gt Palmita, road to ts alt. 2300 1 - 22 Apr. C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar,

M. Webb, A. Pridgeon & E. Hagsater 87. ee Munic. of Gone between Barbosa and

Concepcién, a alt. 2200 m, collected by E. Valencia, flowered in cultivation at Colomborquideas,

17 Apr. 1988, C. pyle radiggrige- io of Picaecian, sleies: Frontino, alt. 2120 m, 2 May 1983.

er, J. Luer, R. Valencia 9058 (SEL); Munic. of Jardin, Alto de

Ventanas, alt. 2600 m, 26 6 Nay one R. nang? or raat oye of Rio Ag he Alto

Buey between La Bs and Abejorral, ae 642 (AMES); above Aguadas, alt.

2500 m, 17 Sept. 1883, F. C. Lehmann 311 “pi resi © Aine Rio Pabén, 7 Mar. 1944, alt.

2600-2800 m, F. R Fosberg 21577 (AMES). Dept. of Caldas: Rio San Rafael below Cerro

Tatamé, alt. 2600-2800 m, 7 Sept. 1922, F. W. Pennell 10369 (AMES); oo of — alt.

, 23 Oct. 1983, A. Juncosa & G. Misas 1012 en Dept. of Cauca: San Andres near Inz4,

alt. 2300 m, 25 Feb. 1883, F. C. Lehmann 2648 aia ept. of Risaralda ee ‘Seneaic.) alt. 2100

ea = 1982, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7468 (COL, SEL). Dept of Valle del

ca: Munic. Sevilla, finca Alsanieves between Sevilla and Barragén, alt. 2400 m, 10 Oct. 1981,

P. iio 730 (COL).

This species is locally abundant in the northern parts of both the central

and western cordillers of Colombia. It has long been confused with the Peru-

vian P. misera. Only recently were some of the differences pointed out to me

by H. Phillips Jesup who has cultivated the two species side by side for many

aight P. misera is Masdevallia-like with broad, thickly coriaceous

leaves with obtuse to rounded apices. The leaves of P. consobrina are smaller,

thinner, narrower, with acute to subacute apices, and with longer petioles.

The inflorescence of P. misera may sometimes surpass the leaf by three times

the length before it expires, but the inflorescence of P. consobrina flowers

continuously for a year or longer, approaching a meter in length as it bends

and loops in different directions. The flowers of P. consobrina are considera-

bly larger than those of P. misera with more acute floral parts.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 12. Platystele consobrina Luer

34 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele nea Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety: the Latin crinitus, “fringed with long hairs,” referring ciliate lip.

Planta minutissima caespitosa, racemo disticho subcongesto plurifloro foliis minutis long-

re 1: ripe id < re} as fatuatt js 1 sesliate

Plan ts filiform. Ramicauls slender, erect, 1-2 mm

long, peli by 1-2 ge yey Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 5-6.5 mm long including

the petiole 1.5-2 mm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 15-2 mm wide, the base cuneate into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence a subcongested, flexuous, distichous, successively several-flow-

ered raceme 10-13 mm long including the capillary peduncle 7.9m mm long, emerging laterally

from tg a Spears 1; floral bract 0.75 mm long; pedicel 0.75-1.25 mm long; ovary 0.3 mm

long; sepals purple, ciliate, ak acute, 1-veined, subcarinate, the dorsal sepal 25 mm long, 1 |

mm wide, the lateral sepals 2 mm long, connate 1 mm, 1.75 mm wide together, ciliate only on the

inner margins; petals purple, tote triangular-ovate, acute, 1.5 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; lip cellu-

lar-glandular, purple-black with long, white cilia, elliptical, ‘subacute, 1.3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide,

the disc shallowly concave, cleft below the middle between a pair of low calli, the base callus

fitted a, sy beneath the sins firmly fixed to the base of the column; column 0.3 mm long,

05m

ECUADOR: Prov. of Imbabura: epiphytic in wet forest near Lita, Alto Tambo, alt. 900 m, 15

June 1988, A. Hirtz 3607 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 14807.

This tiny species is characterized by the few-flowered, flexuous inflores-

cence that exceeds the leaf by about half its length; minutely ciliate, ovate,

purple sepals; minutely ciliate, narrowly triangular petals; and a purple-black,

elliptical lip with long, white, ciliate hairs. The lip is shallowly concave, but

cleft below the middle between a pair of low calli.

Platystele dasyglossa P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 18, 1979.

Ety.: From the Greek dasyglossa, “a shaggy tongue,” referring to the pubescence of the lip.

Plant wer Mit sit ate roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4 mm long,

nclosed ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 15-30 mm

“so inclading: i petiole 5-10 mm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 7-10 mm wide, ‘a base

cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a very congested, sub umbellate, simultaneously 5- to 14-

owe peduncle 7-8

laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts loose, imbricating, oblique, 1 mm long; pedicels 2 mm

long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent yellow, glabrous, broadly Soria ny

concave, obtuse, the dorsal wae 1.4 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the lateral sepals free to the base,

1.2 mm long, 1.2 mm wide; petals translucent yellow, glabrous, broadly elliptical, sales 1m

—_ 0.8 mm wide; lip red, thick, cellular gland ular, ovate-triangular, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the

pex yellow, acute, cu up, pubescent, the base rounded, with a small glenion, mated to the

anche column cucullate, 0.4 mm long, 0.8 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudi-

mentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé: Bahia Solano, Quebrada Resaquita, frente a Macana, collected

by G. Misas, R. Escobar 1857 (Holotype: COL); flowered in cultivation by M. & O. Robledo at

La Ceja, 13 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2025 (SEL).

This species, P. ortiziana and P. umbellata are the only species known in

the genus with an umbellate inflorescence. The umbel of P. dasyglossa is

composed of several, overlapping, very oe Saag flowers. The apex

of the lip is pubescent, pointed and curved upward.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 13. Platystele crinita Luer & Hirtz

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

se.

Plate 14. Platystele dasyglossa P. Ortiz

;

}

a ee

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 37

Platystele densiflora P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 12: 140, 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin densiflorus, “densely flowered,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-12

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, im imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate,

2.5-6 cm long a the petiole 1-2 mm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute, fe — 1

the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a gested

sively initg-Hlaweesed raceme with several to —— flowers open seanitancomely, yaa to 45 cm cm

long including the erect, slender peduncle 6-8 cm long, emerging from the ramica

loose, oblique, 2 mm long; pedicels 1.5 mm long; Ovary papillose, 05 mm long; se a ane

cent rose to yellow, glabrous, ovate, acute, slight! acuminate, the dorsal sepal 2.5 mm — 1S

mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral cone ins free to the base, 2.75 mm long, 1 mm

translucent rose to yellow, gla narrowly ovate, acute, me mm long, 0.8 mm wide; ‘lip red,

thick, Sse ic eoceal <a the apex rounded, 1.3 mm long, 1 mm wide, pe

concave centrally, the base nye with a gleni ion, attached to the column-foot; column

late, 0.5 a long, 1 mm broa

eign Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of ae Quebrada Guarino, alt. 1900 m, Nov.

(Holotype: COL); same locality, R. Escobar 1030, flowered in cultivation

‘i 2 O. Robledo, 9 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1957 (SEL); same area, alt. 1600 m, 24 Apr. 1983, C.

Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar, A. Pridgeon & M. Webb 8779 (SEL); same area, Quebrada La Hundida,

alt. 1700 m, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & W. Teague 14323 (MO).

This vigorous species is locally abundant in one area of the Central Cordil-

lera of Colombia. The inflorescence is very densely flowered, producing a

compact cylinder of many flowers at the apex of a tall, slender raceme. The

raceme remains in flower for a long period of time; as the lower flowers

slowly fade those above mature. The simple sepals and petals may be either

purple or yellow, while the round lip is usually red.

Platystele dodsonii Luer, Se = 155, 1979.

Ety.: pet in honor of Dr. —_ H. Dodson, author and investigator of the Orchid-

aceae, who first discovered th

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, pence sheaths. Leaf erect, ge ie 10-18 mm long

including a petiole 2-5 mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, e, 2-3 mm pa

gradually rescence cg lose,

3 a

chous, successively several-flowered raceme with several flowers open simultaneously, up to ee

mm long ve ee the filiform eyo 1-1.5 cm long, from the oats i bracts thin,

inflated, 0.5-1 mm long; pedicels — long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals tra

more or less sasieea with purplis tan, glabrous, ovate and concave below the athe subacute,

the apices contracted into ae creme the dorsal sec 2-2.5 mm long, 0.6-0.75 mm wide, the

oie sepals oblique, 1.75-2.5 mm long, 0.6-0.75 mm wide, free to the base; Translucent

n, glabrous, narrowly linear, ate, 1.8 mm long, 0.2 mm wide; ha putphe-teowt, cellular-

ganda, ovate below the asia Ak val at wpe: apex acuminate, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide,

the base subtruncate with a us, fixed to the sania foot; cucullate,

0.3 mm long, 0.6 mm broad, the ss ali, pe foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in cloud forest between ja and Zamora,

alt. 2800 m, 18 Sept. 1961, C. H. Dodson & L. B. Thien 665A (Holotype: SEL; Isotype: MO);

same area, 30 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 500A (SEL); same area, 21 Ma qe eae

Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10731 (MO); cloud forest above Valladolid, alt. 2700 m, 23

Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10826 ).

This tiny species grows in the deep moss covering the small branches of

scrubby trees in the cold, windswept passes and paramos of southern Ecuador.

It is identified by the minute raceme of several, Sg reddish purple

flowers, which are basically similar to those of P. oxygloss

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 16. Platystele dodsonii Luer

40 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele dressleri Luer, Selbyana 3: 26, 1976.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Robert L. Dressler, author and investigator of the Orchid-

aceae, who first discovered this species

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-10 mm long,

13-25 mm

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, mm long, the

blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 4-11 mm wide, cuneate below into the sh Re base.

rescence an erect, congested, secund, several- to many-flowered raceme up to

long including the slender peduncle 5-7 mm long, from near the apex of the cS howl

bracts wen 0.5-1 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.75 mm long; sepals light green,

glabrous or microscopically ciliate, ovate, subacute to obtuse, the dorsal sepal concave, 1.25-2

mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, — the lateral ee oblique, 1.25-1.5 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide,

si to the base; petals translucent green, narrowly ovate, acute, ciliate, wha mm long, 0.3-0.5

wide; lip purple-black, ovate, obtuse, ciliate, 1 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, the base truncate,

iGuhed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.75 mm long and broad, the sone bilobed, the

foot rudimentary.

PANAMA: Prov. of Panama: a along the Altos de Pacora road, alt. 650 m, 4 Mar. 1976,

Dressler

C. Luer, J. Luer, R. L. Dressler Taylor 963 (Holotype: SEL); same area, R. L.

(SEL).

Platystele dressleri is known only from eastern Panama. It is related to the

Colombian P. argentosa. Both species are distinguished by the small flowers

borne successively in a congested raceme. The inflorescence, shorter than the

leaf, ascends within the fold of the petiole of the relatively broad leaf. The

sepals are obtuse, the petals are ciliate, and the purple-black lip is ciliate,

ovate, and obtuse without the basal lobes and incurved apex that are seen in P.

argentosa.

gc edmundoi Pabst, . Anais 14 —. Soc. Bot. Brasil 16, 1964.

¢ species, Edmundo Pereiro.

lant oo to large in size uh the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Sasecnigr

erect, slender, 4-14 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, cori us, 2-7

cm long te a a petiole 0.5-2 cm me the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute to ih 05-

cm wide, cuneate below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, simulta-

neously many-flowered raceme 3-1 10 cm long lain the oer jasagone 2-5 cm long, fagetiont

ing laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts inflated, 1 mm long; pedicels 1-15 mm long;

.75 mm long; sepals and petals pet ‘ones the sae sepal narrowly ovate, acute,

1.75-2.25 mm long, —- mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals similar, more or less paraite Hel,

1.75-2 mm long, connate up to near the middle, 1.25-1.5 mm wide together, each 1-veined: Is

oblong-obovate, ee. acute, 1.75-2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip microscopically cellular-glan-

dular, oblong, obtuse, 0.8 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, the base subtruncate, featureless, fixed to the

column-foot; column cucullate, 0.25 mm long and broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimen-

tary.

BRAZIL: Edo. do Para: Serro do Cachimbo, sul do Para, 16 Sept. 1955, E. Pereira 1806 (Holo-

type: RB; Isotype: HB), C. Luer illustr. 14704.

This species was first discovered by Edmundo Pereira in the low moun-

tains in the southern part of Para on the _— of the Amazonian basin, an area

relatively poor in pleurothallids. Numerous tiny, green flowers are produce

simultaneously in a slender, slightly crowded inflorescence. The floral parts

are basically very simple without a distinguishing feature.

Platystele edmundoi is similar to P. viridis, but the floral parts of the latter

are twice the dimensions and the lip is provided with a large, conspicuous

glenion. Platystele edmundoi is most similar to P. schmidtchenii, but the sepals

and petals of the latter are acute and acuminate.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

dressleri Luer

Plate 17. Platystele

42 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 18. Platystele edmundoi Pabst

ee ae ee See ES) eee mC ee COC eee ele OU Oe ee Se Te hee hl Uae

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 43

ae ~— Luer, Phytologia 55: 200, 1984.

rom the Latin enervis, “without a Hg th | d

o Ls 7

Plant small, Pigg oa gu nee roots slender. Ramicauls erect, agrees ay mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 t ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 10-21 mm

long including a a ae 4-8 m seen the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, ies 346 mm

— narrowly cuneate below into = petiole. sigs eae rescence a weak, loose, suberect, distich

successively many-flowered raceme up to 13 cm long including the filiform peduncle

153 cm long, emerging laterally = nay on the vers floral bracts thin, 0.5 mm long;

pedicels 1-2 mm long; ovary 0.25 mm long; sepals translucent purplish or greenish,

toward the apices, glabrous, with a ‘eink or invisible vein, the dorsal sepal ovate, acute, 0.8-0.9

mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, gf lateral — broadly ovate, obtuse, abruptly acuminate, oblique,

.6-0.8 mm - long, 0. mm wide, free to the base; petals translucent, linear, acute,

long, 0.1 mm wide; lip purple or brown, cellular-pubescent, vem flat, acute, ao

union. on 7 — inflexed, 0.6-0.75 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, the rounded,

the column-foot; thinly cucullate, 0.4 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, ge stigma bilobed, ie

foot valtnesaees.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: epiphync in cloud forest near Los Faisanes, alt. ca. 2000 m, 15

July 1983, pe ee 1009 (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer oe 9164; between Chiriboga and Santo

Domingo, 1650 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Da m, T. Hoijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9845

(MO). Without locality, collected by Tineke Mulder, paadeny in cultivation i in Wageningen,

Holland, 4 Sept. 1987, C. Luer 12939A (MO).

This tiny species, apparently endemic in central, western Ecuador, is

notable for the extremely small size of the flowers. They are smaller than

those of the famous P. jungermannioides, and so small that the minute, ovate

sepals and petals seem to lack a midvein. Platystele enervis is related to the

variable and seemingly ubiquitous P. oxyglossa complex, but P. enervis is dis-

tinguished by the minute flowers with sepals less than one millimeter long,

and produced successively in a long, weak, hairlike raceme. As many as three

flowers are sometimes open simultaneously.

ane examen-culicum Luer, Selbyana 3: 28, 1976.

.: From the Latin examen culicum, “a swarm of mosquitoes,” in allusion to the appear-

ance ae the flowering plant.

Syn.: Platystele culex Luer & Escobar, Phytologia 49: 198, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin culex, “a mosquito,” in allusion to the appearance of the flower.

Plant small to tien small, Fea to lithophytic, shortly repent and densely caespitose;

erect t

roots slende: berect, slender, 3-10 mm long, enclosed “4 = thin, ribbed,

ae sheaths. erect, coriaceous, 5-40 mm long including a petiole 3- m long, the

eachenicns elliptical-obovate, eaeanraeilind to obtuse, 2-11 mm wide, aa cuneate below

ato the petiole. Inflorescence an erect t rect, loose, distichous, flexuous, successively few-

mann raceme 6-15 cm long steemomny: the slender oe 15-3 cm long, emerging

icantly tes from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 15-1 mm long; pedicels 3-10 mm long; ovary

0.5-0.75 mm long; sepals translucent pale rose, pale yellow, dull green or gray, or tan mottled

with darker brown, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly ovate to linear-triangular, acute, acumi-

nate, long-attenuate, 3-7 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide, the lateral sepals narrowly ovate, oblique,

<a ee 3-7 mm long, 0.75-1.2 mm wide, free to the base; petals similarly colored,

mo microscopically cellular-ciliate, narrowly linear to linear-ovate, acute, 3-5 mm long,

02-04 m mm gn Jip rose, purple, or brown, cellular-glandular, ovate in the lower third, with the

0.5-0.75 mm long, up to 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

et ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 19. Platystele enervis Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

= IF IF

=) a —as en

Plate 20. Platystele examen-culicum Luer

46 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: pots along the new road between Quito and Santo

in alt. ca. 1800 m, 19 Aug. 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm 574 ogee oe SEL);

same area, epiphytic in forest, alt. 2100 m, 31 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer, J. Kuijt

& A. Hirtz 9821 (MO). Prov. of Carchi: epiphytic in cloud forest above Maldonado, alt. 2050 m.

4 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém & & T. Hoijer 9923 (MO ).

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Yarumal, sis ig erate in — forest north of

Yarumal, alt. 2700 m, 1 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & ee

remnant north of Santa eae de Osa, alt. 2580 m, 14 Mar. = 2 song 7 ee

W. Teague 14145 (MO); above El Cedro, alt. 1650 m, 15 Mar. , C. Luer, J. es eases

& W. Teague 14170 (MO); Munic. of Urrao, scien in clvation — Dr. R. Londofio near

Medellin, 20 Mar. 1989, C. Luer 14307 (MO). Dept. of Cun uebrada San Roque,

Rio Blanco Valley, 10 Km west of Gutierrez, alt. O75 m, rr uly 194 1944, M. Grant 9737 (US);

onio, Rio San Martin Valley, 50 Km southeast of Gutierrez, alt. 2475

m, 2 Aug. 1944, M. sey 9797 (US). Dept. of Santander: epiphytic in cloud forest west of Velez,

alt. 2000 m, 5 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10138 (MO). without locali-

ty or collector, flowered i in cultivation by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja, 23 Jan. 1978, C. Luer

i oh of P. culex: SEL).

U: Dept. of Amazonas: Vilcaniza, alt. oa m, collected by C. Head, flowered in cultivation

oh & L. Orchids, Easton, CT., C. Luer 13813 (MO).

This little species is variable in the dimensions of the leaves and flowers in

its wide range through the Andes. It is allied to the even more widely distrib-

uted P. oxyglossa, but the longer, narrower, long-attenuate floral parts, espe-

cially the long-subulate lip, distinguish P. examen-culicum.

A vegetatively robust but small-flowered Ecuadorian form with brownish-

mottled sepals 3 mm long was the first described. A form from Colombia

vegetatively half the size but with pedicels and translucent greenish sepals

more than twice as long, and with the subulate apex of the lip angled upward

in the distal third, was described as P. culex. Since that time numerous collec-

tions have been examined, and all combinations of the above characters have

been found to exist.

Platystele filamentosa Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin filamentosus, “filamentous,” referring to the petals.

Planta parva caespitosa, ntlogescentn byenit axe racemoca foliis =. — sepalis ovatis

obtusis concavis, f

— small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ce slender, 2-3 mm long,

d by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, cori — s leage wp 8-15 mm

mae oe A a pet Hiole 3-6 mm long, the blade chicos, subacute, 3-4 mm wide,

¢ below into the sicader er petio tiole. Inflorescence mee a weak, Die: distichous, distant-

to 6 cm long oN the filiform peduncle 2-25

cm i emerging oe from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 1 mm long; pedicels oe mm

long; ovary 0.5 m g sepals translucent yellow, ovate, concave, 1-veined, subacute

tuse, the dorsal ear ts mm long, 1 mm wide expanded, the lateral sepals oblique, 13 mm

long, 0.8 m wide, free to the base; petals yellow, narrowly linear, — acute, 1.2 mm long,

0.03 mm wide; lip red, elliptical, subacute, convex, 1.5 mm mm long, 1 m , Narrowed above the

truncate base, with a minute, basal | Benion, fixed to the tchanictnnt pene cucullate, 0.5 mm

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Narifio: collected near Ricaurte , flowered in cultivation at La Planada

Science Center, 21 July 1989, C. H. Dodson, R. Escobar &E. Valencia 18051 (Holotype: MO), C.

illustr. 14553.

The flower of this species seems to be most closely similar to a that of

Platystele acutilingua. Both are very small with obtuse, concave sepals and

filiform petals. The lip of P. acutilingua is exceedingly long-attenuate, much

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 47

Plate 21. Platystele filamentosa Luer

longer than the sepals, while that of P. filamentosa is larger than the sepals,

but subacute and convex. Platystele filamentosa is presently known only from

the area around the La Planada Science Center above Ricaurte in southwest-

ern Colombia.

48 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele fimbriata Luer & Hirtz, sp. n

Ety.: From the Latin fimbriatus, “fimbriate,” eae to the sepals and petals.

nta parvula caespitosa, inflorescentia racemosa foliis pena Lipase duplo ae

ks late ovatis obtusis fimbriatis, petalis late ovatis acutis fim crasso carnoso

€, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-2 mm long,

BP cn Pei 23 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 6-10 mm

long including a petiole 2-3 mm long, the blade de elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 2.5-3 mm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. isti

i ral

n tuse, Tia ed, the

lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, only shortly ciliate on the outer margins, .

on the inner margins, 1.75 mm long, 1.15 mm wide, 1-veined, connate 1 mm; petals translucent

light rose to light brown, broadly ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip

red to red-brown, thick, fleshy, obovoid, with the apex obtuse, slightly recurved, 1.25 mm lon 1

mm wide, . 75 mm thick, the base truncate with a small resin fixed to the column-foot;

column shallowly 2

ECUADOR: Prov. of Esmeraldas: eg ye in wet forest west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987,

. Luer, J. Luer, A CE. ing & D. Bermudes 12384 (Holotype: MO); same

area, C. Luer et al. "12380 (MO ).

This species, P. resimula, and P. rhinocera have very similar, thick, obovoid

lips with an incurved apex, but the sepals and petals differ markedly. Platys-

tele fimbriata is distinguished by the broadly ovate, obtuse, eae

dorsal sepal with three incomplete veins; semiconnate, shortly ciliate lateral

sepals; and broad, shortly acuminate, long-fimbriate petals.

Platystele gyroglossa Luer, Selbyana 3: 228, 1977.

re From the Greek gyrogiossa, “a round tongue,” — to the shape of the lip.

Platystele porphyroglossa P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 2

ae From the Greek porphyroglossa, “a purple tongue,” ie to the color of the lip.

Plant medium to large for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 5-12 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-9 cm long

including a petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade ellipti cal-obovate, subacute to obtuse, 1-15 cm wide,

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, distichous, successively —

flowered raceme up to 3 cm long borne by a peduncle 4-5 cm long, eo 5-10 flowers simul-

aan emerging Seay from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 1 m long; pedicels 1.5-2.5

mm long; ovary 0.5-1 m long; sepals translucent pale yellow, aleend with rose centrally,

glabrous, the dorsal pace Ovate, subacute to obtuse, glabrous, subcarinate, 2-255 mm lon

mm wide, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, 2-2.5 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide, free to the

base; petals elliptical, acute, glabrous » 2-2.3 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide; lip red-purple, cellular-

glandular, adly elliptical, 1.6 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, the apex round, the base

with a minut e glenion, con concave on the end, fixed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 1 mm

long, 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimen ntary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Tungurahua: epiphytic in guava trees between Bajios and Rio Negro,

alt. ca. 1800 m, 13 Mar. 1975, C. Luer & R R Kone 206 (Hoktyre SEL). Prov. o pr eseao

slopes east of Cuenca, collected by Fred Fuchs, Jr., flowered in cultivation 1973, C. Luer

(SEL). Prov. of Napo: Rio Topo, alt. 1300 m, Mar. 1984 A. Hirtz 1614 Lig

chan Pleipaa pn Mocoa, obtained by R. Escobar No. 1832, flowered in culti-

of P.

WR, C Le 2500 En (COL, type porphyroglossa); flowered in cultivation 20 20 Jan.

Ss ee

ee ee ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 49

139

Plate 22. Platystele fimbriata Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

}

“iiticnasonsi -

Plate 23. Platystele gyroglossa Luer

i i Sag i a eS a we

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 51

This species is found occasionally on the eastern declivity of the Andes of

Ecuador and southern Colombia. Although not formally described until

recently, a colored painting by an unsigned artist (possibly Lehmann) that

probably represents this species is in Reichenbach’s herbarium at W (Vienna)

with his intended name “stellata.”

Vegetatively P. gyroglossa is relatively large. The inflorescence produces

most of the flowers simultaneously in a raceme that usually does not greatly

surpass the leaf. The sepals and petals are yellow and simply ovate, and the

deep purple lip, about as large as the lateral sepals, is suborbicular. Platystele

gyroglossa is similar to the smaller, Central American P. ovatilabia.

Platystele hirtzii Luer, Selbyana 5: 155, 1979.

Ety.: Named in honor of Alexander C. Hirtz of Quito, Ecuador, who discovered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-10 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 3-4 cm long including a

petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade ly elliptical-obovate, subacute, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, narrowly

cuneate — i the petiole. Inflorescence a suberect, distantly and successively few-

flowered up to 7 cm long including the filiform peduncle 3-4 cm long, emerging laterally

from the ram et floral bracts thi in, 1.5 mm long; pedicels 4-6 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

rallel, 14 mm long, 2.1 mm wide, connate at the ase; petals translucent lavender, piabrovs,

very narrowly linear-ovate, acute, long-acuminate, 9 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, spreading wu)

lip dark purple, ovate, acute, minutely apiculate, 6 mm long, 3.5 mm wide, the base rounded,

flattened on the end, fixed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, the

stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. Py: Carchi: epiphytic in cloud forest above Maldonado, alt. ca. 2000 m, 25

Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, & A. Hirtz 3376 (Holotype: SEL).

This “showy,” lavender, large-flowered species is apparently endemic, rare

and local in northwesternmost Ecuador where it has been collected only once.

In habit it resembles many other species, but the flowers readily disti it

with the large, attenuated, long-tailed sepals; the slender, upcurved petals; and

the large, ovate lip.

Platystele jesupiorum Luer, —— 49: 199, 1981.

«. Named in honor of nd Mrs. H. — Jesup of Bristol, CT., who have success-

fully cultivated this species for many years.

t small, but medium in size for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. a

cauls erect, mint 8-15 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf ere

coriaceous a mm long including a petiole 8-20 mm long, the — elliptical,

subacute, . wide, cu © below into the petiole. Inflorescence a , loose

lightly aay Pein thence owered raceme up to 15 cm long miatiag 4 the filiform

Is translucent pale green, suffused with rose, acuminate, acute, ciliate, subcarinate,

the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the iafesal sco oblique, acute, 3 mm long, 1 mm

wide, free to the base; petals narrowly ovate, acute, ac acuminate, ciliate, mm long, 0.6 mm wide;

lip red-purple, thick, cellular-glandula, ovate, with the apex acute, incurved, 1.75 mm long, 0.75

mm wide, the base subtruncate with a small gienion, fixed to the i column cucullate,

0.25 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, the stigma red, bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 24. Platystele hirtzii Luer

Luer

Tas fhe TPR

Tres ASEM AM ng

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Jesupiorum

Plate 25. Platystele

Shee ~~

ee ee eee ee ee ee a

54 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ADOR: without pec imported from J. Strobel by John B. Logan of the firm Logan &

namo Summit, NJ. in cultivation by P. Jesup i in Bristol, cr., 20 Nov. ~ C. Luer

2235 5 Holotype SEI), pare ee Pichincha: epiphy ilver ab

Toachi, alt. 1500 m, 14 Mar. 1982, C. Luer, A. Hirtz & S. Dalstrém 7386 (SEL); Faisanes, near

cebers, July 1983, A. Hirtz 1008'S EL).

This species is apparently endemic in the forests of the western slopes of

central Ecuador where it has been found on several occasions since the initial

importation. It is characterized by the petiolate leaves; a long, loose, succes-

sively flowered raceme; acuminate, ciliate sepals and petals; and a lip with an

uncinate apex.

sag 109 johnstonii (Ames) Garay, Caldasia, 10: 233, 1968.

Pleurothallis johnstonii Ames, hidaceae 2: 271, 1908

i Named in honor of J. R. Johnston, who discovered red this species.

Plant very small, epiphytic a 2-4 mm = —— ramicauls; roots slender, from

along _ rhizome. Ram suberect, 1-15 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, imbricating sheaths.

Leaf more or tien baer kt elliptical, on notched and apiculate, 4-6 mm long

ncn : ath 1 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, cuneate below into the base. Inflorescence a loose,

owered raceme up to 2 mm long, borne by an erect, filiform peduncle 5-7 mm

aa poet tar from “a0 — floral bracts hag 1 mm long; pedicels 2 _” Potiics ovary

05 mm long; sepals translucent pale yellow, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, rsal sepal

very long-attenuate with oe tip clavate, 10-18 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, Peed the lateral

sepals oblique, lightly — — ag _" 0. che = wide, 1-veined, free to the base;

translucent pale yellow, with microscopically cellular-glandular

margins, 2.5-3 mm re re 7 cae a Vedas ps a ve , ovate, acute, 1 mm long, 0.5 mm

wide, the base truncate, concave on the end with a shallow glenion, attached to the column-foot;

column cucullate, 0.5 mm long and he stigma bilobed, the fe di y

VENEZUELA: Edo. Nueva Esparta: Isla de Margarita, Cerro San Juan, alt. 600 m, 16 July,

1903, J. R. Johnston 238 (Holotype: AMES); Cerro Copey, 10 Mar. sp. ™ Sugden 1095 (VEN);

, 500-900 m, July 1984, F. Delascio & A. Gonzdles 12275 (MO, VEN); El Hormigue-

ro, Altoplanicie de Nuria, alt. 600 a Jane 1975, G. C.K. & £. jets Mgt n. poate Edo.

iranda: Guatopo, near Los Alpes, alt. 700 m, Mar 1967, G. Bunting, G. C. K. & E. Dunsterville

5.n. (VEN), C. Luer illustr. 14548.

This tiny species is apparently endemic in coastal Venezuela. Although

Ames described the lateral sepals as longer than the dorsal sepal in his origi-

nal description, P. johnstonii is readily identified by the exceedingly long-

attenuate apex of the dorsal sepal with a clavate tip. Vegetatively the plant is

distinctive with its creeping habit that forms loose mats

The flower of P. johnstonii is similar to that of P. brenneri from eastern

Ecuador, but the tail of the dorsal sepal of P. johnstonii is much longer.

Vegetatively P. brenneri is caespitose.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Se Ee Vn a ee a ee

Plate 26. Platystele johnstonii (Ames) Garay

56 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele jungermannioides (Schltr. ) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 120, sige

leurothallis j Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 4.

pee ee for the resemblance of the plant to the Jungermanniales, an es of liver-

Dp. 4 + Nt by . “6; oie 6.2

ytic

m long or longer, 1-25 mm

between ramicau me one root at each node. Ramicauls asce ing, rudime ntary, 0.2-0.3 mm long,

enclosed by 1 loose sheath. Leaf suberect, fleshy, elliptical, gen ti cute, 2-2.5 mm long 1-15 mm

wide, cuneate below into the subpetiolate base. hima a loose, successively 2- to poured

ered raceme up to 5 mm long including the filiform peduncle, from the ramicaul; floral b

thin, 0.5 mm long; pedicels 2-2.5 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals translucent es ait

Tous, ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 1 1.2 mm mm long, 0.6 mm wide, sce the lateral sepals

oblique, 1 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, free t ;P t yellow-green narrowly

ovate, acute, slightly curved, 1 mm long, 0.25 mm wide; lip lig! ht t tan, ovate, oan: slightly acumi-

nate, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the base truncate with a concave glenion, attached to the

column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimen-

tary.

GUATEMALA: Prov. of Alta Verapaz: near Pansamala, alt. 3800 ft., H. von Tiirckheim (sub

698) (7).

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Puntarenas: Rincén de Osa, alt. 200-300 m, 6 Feb. 1974, R. Liesner 1751

eet

rov. of Chiriqui: epiphytic i in cloud forest below Cerro Colorado, alt. 1000 m, col-

becind 15 F Feb. . 1985, flowered in cultivation by P. & A. Jesup in Bristol, “e 26 Apr. 1987, C.

Luer 12860 (MO). Prov. of Coclé: El Copé, alt. 700-950 m, 2 May 1977, J. P. Folsum 2884 (MO).

Prov. of Colon: Santa Rita lumber road, 26 Mar. 1968, R. L. Dressler 3462 (MO).

This minute species is reputed to be the smallest known orchid in the

world. Schlechter first discovered a dried plant growing among the roots of an

herbarium specimen of Stelis patula Schltr. At first, he thought it to be a

liverw

cimen illustrated grew out of the debris among the roots of a plant

of Scaphosepalum clavellatum Luer, which had been sent to Mr. and Mrs. H

Phillips Jesup for cultivation. Within two years, the tiny hitch-hiker had grown

into a thick, mosslike mat about 10 cm in diameter. It flowers in profusion.

Platystele lancilabris (Reichb. f.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih.

19: 102, 1923.

Bas.: Stelis lancilabris Reichb. f., Beitr. Orchid. Centr. Amer. 94, 1866.

ie From the — lancilabris, igen lanceolate lip,” referring to the shape of the lip.

PI b. f.) Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 205,

meres

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots fleshy. rect, slender, 4-8 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, cowry elliptical-

obovate, subacute to obtuse, 15-30 mm long including an indistinct = tiole 3-1 se fee

mm wide, narrowly cu neate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, st loose, disti-

chous, simul y several up to 8 cm — Geil the ote peduncle 2-

3 cm lon: th oblique, 1 mm long; pedicels 4 mm

long; sit 0.4 mm hae spas translucent light hg et glabrous, ovate, acute, the dorsal

sepal concave, 2 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 1.75 mm long, 0.9 mm wide,

free to the base; petals translucent yellow-green, narrowly ovate, slightly curved, acute, 1.75 mm

long, 0.4 mm wide; lip yellow-green, ovate, acute, 1.2 mm lon ng, 0.75 mm wide, the base truncate

ith a large glenion, attached to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.8 mm long and broad, the

stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 27. Platystele jungermannioides (Schltr.) Garay

58 SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 28. Platystele lancilabris (Reichb. f.) Schltr.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 59

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Heredia: Desengaiio, Wendland 904 (Holotype: W); Vara Blanca, alt.

1710 m, Apr. 1938, A. F. Skutch & C. H. Lankester 3764 (MO). Prov. of Cartago: epiphytic in

cloud — on Volcan Turrialba, alt. 2000 m, 17 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer & D. Dod 12091

(MO). Heredia: Vara Blanca, alt. 1680 m, 19 Apr., C. H. Lankester 1484 (K); between

Pan: aid Becca, alt. 1710 m, Apr. 1938, C. H. Lankester & A. F. Skutch 3764 AMES). Prov. of

San José: San Isidro, alt. 1600 m, 29 Dec. 1881 F. C. Lehmann 1 1069 (G); Las Nubes, alt. 1500-

1900 m, 22 Mar. 1924, P2C. Standley 38684, 38878 (AMES). Without locality.A. Endres 594

For many years the identity of P. oxyglossa has been confused with that of

this species. Platystele lancilabris is apparently endemic in Costa Rica. Dun-

sterville’s illustration in Venezuelan Orchids of P. oxyglossa is erroneously

identified as P. lancilabris. Platystele lancilabris is illustrated in Xenia Orchi-

ceae.

Vegetatively P. lancilabris is often larger than the usual P oxyglossa. The

inflorescence is strict and nearly simultaneously flowered instead of more or

less flexuous and successively flowered. The sepals and petals of P. lancilabris

are acute, not acuminate, and usually shorter than those of P. axyglossa. The

ovate lip of P. lancilabris also is not acuminate and a large glenion is present

at the base. The lip of P. oxyglossa is usually red-purple, while that of P. lanci-

labris is yellow-green, the same color of the sepals and petals.

ogee londonoana Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

d in saopsah of Dr. Rogelio Londofio in whose extensive collection of orchids this

Planta Pro genere err caespitosa, ramicaulibus sh a a racemo disticho laxe

glabris ovatis et la-bello crasso

ligulato.

Plant large for the genus, presumably epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Rami-

cauls slender, erect, 2-3.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 long, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

rrowly elliptical, subacute, 5-8 cm long nee te “8 shi indistinct em 0.7-1 cm wide,

le.

tee a gradually ae. into the petio a loose, distichous, successively

ral-flowered raceme weet incoing ie aie peduncle 25-3 cm long, emerg-

ing Ses toneniley from the nab floral bract 1 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals glabrous, translucent yellow, ovate, acute, 1-veined, the dorsal sepal 25 mm long, 1.4 mm

wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 2.25 mm lo wide, connate for 0.5 als glabrous,

yellow, ovate, oblique, acute, 2 mm long, 0.8 m oben 1-veined; lip dark yellow, thick, oblong-

ligulate, 1.5 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the apex rounded, the base subtruncate with a rounded,

cellular-glandular callus; column 0.5 mm long.

COLOMBIA: Without ee flowered in the collection of R. Londofio near Medellin, 20 Mar.

1989, C. Luer 14301 (Holotype: MO).

Vegetatively this species is one of the tallest of the genus. The small, yel-

low flowers are borne successively in a several-flowered raceme shorter than

the leaves. The sepals are simple and acute. Most distinctive is the thick and

oblong, semiterete lip with a rounded apex.

60 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 29. Platystele londonoana Luer & Escobar

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 61

fT ha ~*~

ve fs 7

Siliiliall

Platystele lycopodioides Luer & Hirtz, Sp. Nov.

Ety.: Named for the similarity of the speci speci

Species haec P. ovalifoliae similis, sed habitu caespitoso, inflorescentia multiflora longiore,

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls ascending to erect, stout,

1-15 mm long, enclosed by 1-2 thin sheaths. Leaf erect to suberect, coriaceous, mm long

including a petiole ca. 1 mm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse to rounded, apiculate, 2-25 mm

wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subcongested, successively

A ’ ped :

ly acute

incurved, 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the base subtruncate with a minute glenion, fixed to the

ECUADOR: Prov. of El Oro: epiphytic in cloud forest south of Piiias, alt. 950 m, 20 Mar. 1985,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores 10665 (Holotype: MO).

This minute species resembles a club moss. It is similar to the widely dis-

tributed P. ovalifolia, but the habit is caespitose instead of repent. The inflo-

rescence of P. lycopodioides, also successively flowered, is multiflowered and

longer, much longer than the tiny cluster of leaves. The flowers are similar,

but the petals of P. lycopodioides are elliptical and proportionately broader,

and the apex of the lip is narrowly acute and incurved.

Platystele megaloglossa Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 39, 1986.

Ety.: From the Greek megalogliossa, “‘a large tongue,” referring to the proportionately large

lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-8 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 25-45 mm long

including a petiole 12-25 mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 5-6 mm wide, gradual-

ly narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence a weak, suberect, loose, flexuous, distichous,

-flowered raceme up to 13 cm long including the filiform peduncle 34 cm long,

successively

emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, oblique, 1 mm long; pedicels 4-65 mm

wid

free to the base; petals translucent purple, glabrous, narrowly linear-triangular, acute, 2.5 mm

long, 0.4 mm wide; lip brown, thick, terete, cellular-giandular, narrowly ovate, acute, 3.25 mm

g, 0.6 mm wide, the disc with a longitudinal green sulcus, the base subtruncate with a trans-

verse callus and a small glenion, fixed to th 1 foot; colum llate, 0.75 mm long, 1 mm

4 th f; + 4

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: epiphytic in forest above the Miraflores Dam, alt. 2050 m, 15

May 1985S, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11374 (Holotype: JAUM; Isotype: MO).

This species is distinguished by the concave sepals with subulate apices,

and a comparatively large, semiterete, narrowly ovate lip, as long as or longer

than the sepals.

62 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 30. Platystele lycopodioides Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

2mm

Plate 31. Platystele megaloglossa Luer & Escobar

64 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele microglossa P. Ortiz, ect 98 14: 212, June 1981.

8 From the Greek microglossa, “a little tongue,” referring to the small size of the lip.

e gemmula Luer, Phytologia 49: 198, Oct. 1981.

By From the Latin gemmuila, “a little gem,” in allusion to qualities of the flower.

ten a small, epiphytic, densely AONE roots comparatively coarse. Ramica

15-2 enclosed by 2 thin, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, shortly pach eae

PEtges mm mst including the aan Ag bos seat the blade elliptical, obtuse to rounded, 3-6 mm

_ sien below into the petio nflorescence a suberect, loose, successively few-flowered

Pp to 4 oe meioting ne filiform peduncle ca. 1 cm long, emerging from the rami-

pai "floral bracts thin, 1-1.5 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long; a 0.8 mm long; sepals and

petals translucent pale yellow to pale purple, suffused with purple along the midvein, the mar-

gins _ ciliate with short, capitate hairs, the dorsal garde ovate, acute, acuminate, ae 289 long,

5-2 mm wide, the late ral sepals ovate, oblique, acute, acu ep 5-7 mm long, 2 mm wide, free

to the base petals ovate, oblique, acute, acuminate, 35-4 m ong, 1.5 mm wide; Spi irple,

ovate, acute, 1.3 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the disc slightly panies the base with a glenion,

ciatinmnees fixed to the oaciiy column cucullate, 0.25 mm long, 0.9 mm broad, the stigma

bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioqui ia: El ge 0 de Viboral, R. Escobar R. 1748 (Holotype: COL);

Dept. of Narifio: epiphytic in cloud forest above Ricaurte, alt. ca. 1600 m, 3 Nov. 1979, C. Luer,

J. Luer, K. Walter & A. Hirtz 4581 (SEL, nan of P. gemmula).

This species is apparently rare and local in two distant localities in Colom-

bia. Vegetatively it is very small with spathulate leaves. The flowers are

small, but proportionately large for the plant. The sepals and petals are simi-

lar: widespread and acuminate. The lip is ovate and acute with a glenion. It is

similar to the presently described P. posadarum which is distinguished by the

long-caudate sepals and the twice larger, obtuse lip.

Platystele microscopica Luer, Phytologia 45: 356, 1980.

Ety.

ty.: From the Greek microscopicos, “microscopic,” in reference to the size of the flowers.

Plant pee, Recipe shortly repent to ceri roots slender. Ramicauls reper

slender, 2-44 m nclosed by 2 thin, shone heaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 8-20 m

long jeclailion a petiole 3-7 mm long, the de elipica, subacute to obtuse or rounded, 47

mm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. ‘ane weak, suberect, loose, Remsen, cast

chous, success ely several- to many- — raceme ee to 9 cm long i

peduncle 2-3 cm long, 2-4 flowers open simultaneously, emerging laterally from “the ramicaul;

floral a _ 1 mm long; pedicels 4-5 mm siag ovary 0.4 mm long; sepals and petals trans-

ucent llow-green, sometimes lightly suffused with rose, sepals ovate, acute, long-acumi-

nate, so the dorsal sepal concave, 25 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 3

mm long, 0.6 mm wide, free to the base; petals narrowly linear-ovate, — 2.2 mm long, 0.2

mm wide, the margins cellular-ciliate; lip dark purple, lecsanah acai narrowly linear, plage

1.5 mm long, 0.2 mm wide, the disc with a subspherical, pedunculated ne at the base, the base

connate to the column-foot eat a short claw; column someon 0.5 mm long and broad, the

stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of shies cag epiphytic in cloud forest above Ricaurte, alt. 1600 m, 3 Nov.

1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & irtz 4608 (Holotype: SEL).

ECUADOR: Prov. of Schinchac epiphytic in forest near Mindo, alt. 2300 m, Dec. 1983, A. Hirtz

ay dogger > 4 peg in cloud forest between San Miguel de los Bancos and Mindo, alt. 2300 m,

r. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & A. Hirtz 9876 (MO).

This species was first recorded from southern Colombia, but it is now

known to occur also in the orchid-rich flora of the forests of the western

slopes of Mt. Pichincha in Ecuador where it has been encountered several

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

HARES SED ite seer ceger i oe em

Plate 32. Platystele microglossa P. Ortiz

66 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 33. Platystele microscopica Luer

times. Vegetatively it is more or less densely repent, forming caespitose

plants. The little distichous racemes produce minute flowers with attenuate

sepals and petals, but the slender, deep purple lip with the large, pedunculated

callus at the base is diagnostic.

ROA Tee ee ee ee ee

fg ae rae ne eae tht ap ate aS

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 67

Platystele microtatantha (Schltr.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 251, 1967, as

microtantha.

Bas.: Pleurothallis microtatantha Schitr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 3: 276, 1907.

Ety.: From the aa aaa tanthos sphalmate?, “with minute flowers,” referring to the

size of the

Syn.: Pleurothallis perparva Standley & L. O. Wms., Ceiba 3: 193

, 1953.

Ety.: From a Latin perparvus, “very obey ” referring to the size of the flowers.

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender, comparatively fleshy. Rami-

cauls erect, slender, 2-3 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect

coriaceous, 9-17 mm long including the aes 2-5 mm long, the blade pag 4 Henerncyh

obovate, a — mm wide, the base narrowly ie eae into the —

subdense, flexu distichous, successively several- to many- raceme up to 20 mm aie,

1-2 flowers open aa Snahenetokt, borne by an erect, slender seduneie ca. 10 nn long, from the

ramicaul; floral bracts ce 0.5 mm long; — es mm nb ovary 0.3 mm long, subcostate;

sepals translucent green ite, more or th rose, ovate, obtuse, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal 1.2 mm ac re mm wide, Lebron = piantse sepals oblique, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm

wide, free to the base; petals translucent greenish white, linear-oblong, angel 1 mm long, 0.2

mm wide: lip yellow, more or less marked with rose, elliptical-ovate, 1 mm 0.7 mm

the apex apg abruptly short-acuminate, ei him cellular pubescent, Pes base truncate,

occupied elevated, flat, ovate callus 0.4 long; column cucullate at the apex, with the

cue okie erry 0.6 mm long, the stigma shiobed the foot 0.2 mm long.

‘A RICA: ae the forests of Rancho Flores, alt. ca. 2040 m, 22 Feb. 1890, A. rioagtey 2156

‘isles ?). of Alajuela: re om Volcén P Pods, alt. 2000 m, 12 Sept. 1 C. Luer,

J. Luer & K. long 4138 (S EL).F rtago: Cerro de La Carpintera, alt. ‘08 m, Feb.

1924, P. C. Standley 34344, 34456, +00 (ah ES); Alto de he Estrella, alt. 6500 ft., 23 June 1924,

C. H. Lankester 554 (AMES); La Hondura, 22 Oct. 1952, John M. H. Lankester 1609 (Herb. Esc.

Agr. Pan., type of P. perparva). Prov. of Heredia: Yerba ne Snitigeay of San — alt. 2000

m, — Feb. 1926, P. a & J. Valerio 50060 vere Cerro de Las Lajas,

Isidro, alt. 2000-2400 m, 7 Mar. 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 51561 ge epiphytic =

Volcan Baste, alt. 1820 m, 20 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, T. Linder & W. Rhodehamel I

(MO). Without locality A. Endres 508-85 (W). Without locality, June =, Cit. ar S.n.

(K).

very small-flowered species is found in central Costa Rica where it is

relatively frequent. In spite of the extremely small size of the flowers, P.

microtatantha is easily identified by the comparatively large, flat, triangular

callus occupying most of the basal portion of the lip. The callus, however, is

not as wide as the blade of the lip. The column stretching over the callus is

unusually elongate for the genus. A similar species (P. schneideri) with a

broader callus of the lip is widely distributed in Colombia.

aig igen ee (Schitr.) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 120, 1974.

Pleurothallis minimiflora Schltr. » Repert. Spec. Nov. Re gni Veg. Beih. 19: 288, 1923.

By : From the Lata minimiflorus, “with tin tiny flowers,” referring to the size of the flowers.

eurothallis halbingeriana R. E. Schultes, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 9: 30, 1941.

= erry in honor of Christian Halbinger, enthusiast of the orchids of Mexico.

Syn.: Platystele halbingeriana (R. E. Schultes) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 119, 1974.

Plant extremely small, epiphytic, — the rhizomes up to 8 cm long or gecxke 1-3 mm

between ramicauls; one = iat Ramicauls ascending, 1-2 mm long, enclosed by 2

tubular sheathes. Leaf su cornu elliptical, subacute, 4-9 i long ers mm wide,

cuneate below into = subpool iola Inflorescence a successive red

raceme up to 10 mm long, steht i. a orm peduncle 8-15 mm ong apn the apex of the

ramicaul at ohachroghe the leaf; floral b mm long; long, 0.5

mm long; sepals translucent 6 ae ea sometimes suffused with pen ge abrous, ovate, acute,

68 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 34. Platystele microtatantha (Schltr.) Garay

2 -_ £ we he kt eet Sl! Se ee Ge ae *

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 35. Platystele minimiflora (Schltr.) Garay

70 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

the dorsal sepal 1-1.2 mm long, 05 mm wide, ge the lateral sepals oblique, 1 mm long,

0.66 mm wide, free to the base; petals translucent yellow-green, elliptical-ovate, oblique, acute, 1

mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip light yellow-green, ovate, acute, slightly acuminate, 1-1 1.2 long,

0.5 mm wide, the base truncate with a concave glenion, attached to the column-foot; column

cucullate, 0.3 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COSTA RICA: Prov of San José: near La Palma, Jan. —, Wercklé 110 (Holotype: AMES).

Prov. of Cartago: rg 15 May 1924, C. H. Lankester 863 (AMES): without locality, alt. 2000

ft., 1869,.A. R. Endr

PANAMA: Prov. of roe El Valle, nasa nds F L Stevenson, flowered in cultivation in

Chamblee, GA., i Aug. 1974, F L Stevenson 81974-1 (SEL), C. Luer illustr.

GUA rov. of Alta Vera vis in cultivation by Otto Mittelstaedt at Cobén,

13 Feb. 1990, C. ‘Laer 14612 (MO).

? SALVADOR: uachapan: El Impossible, Cerro Las gross eae? finca ‘San Beaito,

alt. 1000 m, 28 heed 1975, V. Hellebuyck 470 (MO). This collection probably belon,

of with P. ov.

MEXICO + Oba of Choapam, San Juan Lalana, alt. ca. 600 m, 7 May 1939, R. E.

apace ig P. "Reko 805 (AMES, type of P. halbingeriana, F), C. Luer illustr. 14735.

Endres first collected this tiny, creeping species in Costa Rica in 1869.

Accompanying the specimens he sent Reichenbach he included detailed

drawings and the note that this is “the smallest species of this new genus.”

Reichenbach seems to have ignored him. The species was rediscovered in

1922 and first described by Schlechter.

Platystele miniflora i is closely related to the even tinier P. jungermannioides,

from which it is distinguished by the usually two to four times larger habit,

shorter pedicels, and elliptical petals about twice as broad. The differences in

the size and shape of the sepals and lip are insignificant. These two species

are also very closely allied to P. ovalifolia which is distinguished by the broad-

er, prostrate and overlapping leaves, shorter, fewer-flowered racemes and a

lip slightly smaller than the se

It is doubtful that either P. jungermannioides or P. minimiflora are as rare

in their wide distributions in Central America as the few collections might

indicate. They must be easily overlooked because of their minute size.

Growing in moss, they are practically invisible.

Platystele misasiana P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 214, 1981.

Ety.: Named in honor of Dr. Guillermo Misas U. of Medellin, Colombia, who first discov-

ered this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-12 mm long, enclosed

2-3 thin, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 15-4 cm long including the petiole 5-15

mm long, the b

raceme up to 8 cm long including thet form en ncle 3-4 cm long, emerging lateral

ramicaul; mtn ae bracts tubular, ong; pedi icels 1.5 mm long; ovary 0.25 mm long, with

verrucose ca sepals yellow, t ey PR io icroscopically cellular-short-ciliate, the dorsal

pie ahiasiael, acute, - .8-2 mm long, 0.8 mm wide, the lateral sepals falcate -ovate, oblique.

e, 1.6 mm long, 0.7. wide, connate 0. 25 mm; petals subfalcate-ovate, oblique, acute,

shorty ciliate, 15-1. 8mm ea 0.5 mm wide; lip orange, obovate, obtuse, 1 mm long, 0.5-0.8

¢, cellular-glandular, the disc sen soi the base tru truncate, fixed tot the column-

suction late, aie oe tigma bi

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia oo Miraflores, collected by G. Misas U., Feb.

Represa

1978, flowered in cultivation by P. Ortiz in Bogota, May 1979, P. Ortiz V. 960 (Holo COL

same locality, alt. 2050 m, 15 May prvi C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia iiaeneen .

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 71

Plate 36. Platystele misasiana P. Ortiz

This species is apparently endemic in the Central Cordillera of Colombia

in the forests that still surround the Miraflores Dam. It has been found there

on several occasions. It is identified by the narrowly obovate leaves; an erect

raceme of numerous, small, simultaneous flowers; falcate, ciliate petals; and

an obovate, obtuse lip free of callus or glenion.

72 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele misera (Lindley) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 21: 251, 1967.

Bas.: Pleurothallis misera Ma HES so Orchid. Pleurothallis 36, 1859.

Ety.: From the Latin miser, “m: sec of PI, bali

Syn.: Humboldtia misera sehecstoiy usa Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Plant medium in size to large for the ans epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls

erect, stout, 1.5-2.5 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-8 cm

long including a petiole 15-2 cm long, the blade a opin obtuse to rounded, 1-15 cm

wide, cuneate below into the petiole. subdense, distichous, successively

many-flowered raceme up to 25 cm long including tee peduncle 6-8 cm long, sige gen flowers

produced simultaneously, emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin,

pedicels 2-3.5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long; sepals and petals translucent, lightly rafts with

rose, the sepals ovate, subacute, glabrous, subcarinate, the dorsa I se = 2.25 mm long, 1-1.25

mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 2-2.25 mm long, 1 mm wide, free to the base; petals nar-

rowl

eliptical-ovat, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, the apex ly rounded, the base subtruncate with a

fain glenion, fixed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, the

stigma eR the foot rudimentary.

PERU: Dept. of San Martin: Chachapoyas, on tree trunks, Mathews 3197 (Holotype:

K; Isootype

G). eee of geen Rio Utcubamba north of Leimebamba, at he m, 25 May 1964, P. C.

on G, K, MO, NY, US); Cerros Calla above Leimebam-

. Hutchison & D.

(P); near Vilcaniza, collected by C. Head sagt cde in pa at by the Jesups i in Bristol, CT, 6

May 1990, C. Luer 14764 (MO).

This species occurs in the orchid-rich forests of northeastern Peru where it

was first discovered by the noted collector Mathews, and described in Pleuro-

thallis as P. misera by Lindley. The specific epithet distinguished the species

as compared to others in the genus Pleurothallis.

Viesnaiecks the plants are robust compared to most others in the genus

Platystele. The short-stemmed leaves are thickly coriaceous and narrowly

obovate, more or less resembling those of a Masdevallia. The erect racemes

may reach a height about three times the length of the leaves. The very small

floral parts are basically simple. The lip is elliptical-ovate with the apex

narrowly rounded.

Platystele misera is related to the Ecuadorian P. gyroglossa and the Colom-

bian P. consobrina, both of which have thinner, narrower, acute leaves. The

lip of P. gyroglossa is broadly rounded, that of P. consobrina is subacute.

Platystele muscicola Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin muscicola, “moss-dwelling,” referring to the habitat.

Planta minuta caespitosa, inflorescentia laxa foliis ellipticis longiore, sepalis petalisque

= e : = t

Plant very onpees epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-25 mm

able a 3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petio 4 ee

mm long including the petiole 2-3 mm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute, 3-3.5 m

wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a loose, "sag ifs Seeds tevikened

filife

raceme up to 10 mm long including the erect, filiform peduncle 10 mm long, emerging laterally

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 73

Plate 37. Platystele misera (Lindley) Garay

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 38. Platystele muscicola Luer & Hirtz

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM 75

he ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 0.75 mm long; pedicels 2.5 mm long: ovary 0.5 mm long;

sepals translucent yellow, shortly pubescent, ovate, acute, the dorsal Sepal 2 mm long, 1 mm

wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals oblique, free to the base, 1.8 mm long, 1 mm wide; petals trans-

lucent yellow, shortly pubescent, narrowly ovate, acute, 1.8 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; lip red-

rown, thick, cellular-glandular, long-pubescent above the middle, ovate-subpandurate, 1.2 mm

long 1 mm wide, lightly concave centrally, the sides revolute, the apex obtuse, curved up, the

base truncate, rigidly attached to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.6 mm long, 0.8 mm

broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Esmeraldas: epiphytic in wet forest west of Lita, alt. 750 m, 18 Jan. 1987,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, C. H. Dodson, D. Benzing & D. Bermudes 12386 (Holotype: MO).

Only a few plants of this tiny species have been discovered. Perhaps there

were many others growing in the deep moss of the tree branches, but very

difficult to see even with flowers. It grows in the company of Lepanthes fila-

mentosa Luer & Hirtz, an even more “invisible” species. The flowers of P.

muscicola are distinctive with the ovate, pubescent sepals and petals, and the

rigidly protruding, long-pubescent lip with revolute sides.

Platystele myoxura Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek myoxura, “a mouse tail,” in allusion to the appearance of the apex of

the lip.

Planta mediocris caespitosa, inflorescentia laxe racemosa foliis anguste ellipticis multilong-

iore, sepalis petalisque anguste ovatis acuminatis, labelli lamina crassa ovoidea bicarinata, labelli

cauda filiformi pubescenti.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 5-7 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coria

—t b ly ellipti

cm wide, cuneate below into the petiole. rescence a weak, suberect, secund, distan

and successively several- to many-flowered raceme up to 15 cm long including the filiform

peduncle 2-4 cm long, emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts m pedi-

cels 5-10 mm long; ovary 0.6 mm long; sepals translucent tan, red-brown centrally, glabrous

(microscopically cellular-glandular), ovate, acute, long-acuminate, the do sepal 6 mm long, 2

mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 6 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, free to the base; petals translu-

cent tan, minutely cellular-giandular, very narrowly ovate, acute, g-acuminate, 45 mm long,

5 mm wide; lip red-brown, the blade thick, cellular-glandular, ovoid, 2.3 mm long, 1.6 mm

wide, the disc with a longitudinal pair of carinae, the obtuse apex abruptly contracted into a

pubescent, filiform tail 3-3.5 mm long, the base rounded with a deep glenion, fixed to the

l -foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 1.25 mm broad, the Stigma bilobed, the foot

rudimentary.

CUADOR: Prov. of Napo: epiphytic in cloud forest on the eastern declivity of Volcan Reven-

tador, alt. ca. 1850 m, 8 Feb. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11 711

(Holotype: MO).

Apparently endemic and local, this unique species has been seen from only

the original collection. In habit it resembles many other species, but the

flowers are comparatively large and distantly spaced in the long, weak raceme.

The long-acuminate sepals and petals are not unusual, but the lip is distinc-

tive. The blade is ovoid with a pair of longitudinal carinae, and the obtuse

apex is abruptly contracted into a tail that resembles the tail of a mouse.

76 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 39. Platystele myoxura Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 77

Platystele jee P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 20, 1979.

Ety.: F; he Greek orchestris, “a dancer,” in allusion to the appearance of the flower.

Plant snipes — caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-1.2 mm long,

- Lea

enclosed by 2 icmp sheaths erect, coriaceous, 5-8 mm long including a petiole

1-1.5 cm lon — blade ly elli pti 1, subacute to obtuse, 2-25 mm wide, narrowly cuneate

below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect congested, successively few-flowered raceme up

t ng, borne by a slender hacen ca. 5 mm long, emerging laterally from the ramicaul;

floral bracts — 0.5-1 mm long; pedicels 3 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent rose,

— ciliate, narrowly ovate, ony acuminate, the dorsal sepal 5 mm long, 1 mm wide, the

lateral sepals sini, a, oblique more Aupes deceage icing the middle, connate near the base;

petals translucen utely pron , Subfalcate, — 2 mm long, 0.5 mm

wide; lip red, c seikciar a ientater ovate, ae. : avy scolstonte, 15 m m long, 0.4 mm wide, the

base subtruncate, attached to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.8 mm long and broad, the

stigma ‘pilobed, the foot rudimentary

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé: Bahia Solano, Jan. 1976, G. Misas 10 (Holotype: COL).

Platystele orchestris is known only from a fragment deposited as the type.

It is not known to have been rediscovered. The accompanying illustration is

based on this fragment, the description, the published illustration by Father

Ortiz, and the photograph. The species is distinguished by the rose-colored

flowers, relatively large for the tiny habit of the plant, borne successively in a

few-flowered inflorescence about as long as the leaf; long-pointed, ciliated

sepals, the laterals crossing each other near the middle; falcate, ciliate, de-

curved petals; and a small, red, ovate and acute lip.

Platystele orectoglossa P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 22, 1979.

Ety.: From the Greek orectoglossa, “an extended tongue,” referring to the position held by

the lip

Plant small to medium in size, spiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect,

ne 0.5-3 cm long, enclosed at the by 2-3 thin, ribbed, oe sheaths. spar de

aceous, petiolate, 2-7 cm long seer ik the petiole 1-3 cm long, t lade elliptical, pa ea

‘ ‘ilen. 0.8-2.1 cm wide, the base cuneate into the — leflore scence a loose, flexuous,

distichous, successively few (sometimes 2-3 flowers simultaneously) to y-flowered raceme,

up to 20 cm long including the slender, suberect peduncle "39 cm long, emerging peng from

the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 2 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm long; ovary 1-1.5 mm long;

sepals similar, translucent pale green, suffused with pale rose, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute,

mm long, 1.6 mm wide, free to the base; petals tee as the sepals, glabrous, narrowly ovate-

triangular, acute, attenuate, 6 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip protuberant, dark ag _— oe

lar-glandular, fusiform-ovate, set acute but har cal rounded, 4.5 mm _

the disc with a narrow, lo —— al sulcus, the base subtruncate-concave, -. pe aac,

fixed to the column-foot; column green cucullate, 1 mm long, 1.2 mm broad, the digs purple,

bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: D fA Muni slp Bricefio, “El Oro,” 3 Jan. 1974, R. Escobar, O.J.

Arango & W. Teague 1053 Gokiype C OL); flowered in ROMER ion by M. & O. Robledo at La

Ceja, 8 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 1956 (SEL); epiphytic in damp forest above Caramanda, alt. 2000 m, 6

Oct. 1883, F. C. Lehmann 3208 &s scape “! El Leotgisiengs ds ae spi ig = 2500 m, 2 Dec.

pb sagey 74 (AMES, COL); Las Domingo, alt. 1830 m, 12 May

1985, C. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 11366 (MO). peng ‘“ Valle del pa monte La

Guarida, above Carbonera between Las Brisas and Alban, alt. 1950-2000 m, 16 Oct. 1946, J.

Cuatrecasas 22147 (AMES).

ECUADOR: Prov. of Carchi: x pscig in cloud forest between Tulcan and El Carmelo, alt.

3200 m, 6 Apr. 1985, C. 005 J. Luer & A. Hirtz 11114 (MO). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe:

between Loja and Zamora, alt ca. 1400 = eens by Walter Teague, flowered in cultiviation

by J & L Orchids, Easton, or. 5 May 1 1990, C. Luer 14752 (MO).

This species is locally abundant in the Central Cordillera of Colombia, but

infrequent in the Oriente of Ecuador. It is variable in size both vegetatively

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Imm 5.cm

Plate 40. Platystele orchestris P. Ortiz

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 79

Plate 41. Platystele orectoglossa P. Ortiz

and florally. The raceme is more or less flexuous. The comparatively large

flowers are distinctive with the narrowly ovate, acute sepals and petals sur-

rounding a large, protruding, deep purple, spindle-shaped lip with thick,

revolute margins and a central, longitudinal sulcus.

80 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele ornata Garay, Bot. er Leafl. 18: 199, 1958.

Ety.: a’ the on ornatus, “orna 1 4

Syn.: Pl ke Id Asal ik: Vek 3: 387, 1968, 0 non Reichb. f. 1882.

Syn.: Pleuro thalis guatopensis Foldats, FI. . Venez. a 480, 1970.

Ety.: Named for the Parque N: di a

Plant small, Kmper: caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 15-3 mm long,

in, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 6-22 mm long including a petiole

1-3 mm long, the abe i, wegen obtuse to rounded, 2.5-3 mm wide, cuneate below into

the petiole. pep ees erect to suberect, dense | distichous, sim ultaneously several-flow-

ered raceme up to 22 mm sie ieciadi te pate sacle 10-17 wis long, op ih 10 fawenn paxntced

i an We emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 05 mm long; pedicels

0.5-1 g; ovary 0.25-0.4 mm long, trialate; sepals and petals rose to purple, ovate, obtuse,

collsins ghemteten € the margins with subclavate trichomes, the dorsal sepal 0.75-0.9 mm long, 0.6-

0.7 mm wide, the lateral sepals nya 0.75 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, free to the base, the petals

0.4-0.6 mm long, 0.25 mm wide; lip red-purple, cellular-glandular, ovate, acute, lightly acumi.

nate, 08-09 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm ying the base subtruncate with a well-defined past Ala yar

to the ss mn-foot; column cucullate, 0.4 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foo

rudim

VENEZUELA: Edo. de Miranda: Guatopo, between Santa Teresa to Altagracia, 28 Dec. 1958,

G. C. K. Dunsterville 114 (Holotype: AMES); reer same area, flowered in cultivation ey

G. C. K. tiny 13 Oct. 1903, J. Steyermark & G. C. K. Dunsterville s.n. (VEN); same

obtained from Dunsterville by the Brooklyn Botanic pals cultivated by P. Jesup in Bristol,

CT., flowered in cultivation by J & L Orchids, Easton, CT., 12 May 1981, C. Luer

ECUADOR: Prov. of Morona-Santiago: Santiago to Yaupi, Km 100, alt. 400 m, Aug. 1989, A,

Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4369 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 14547.

A strong magnifying glass is necessary to appreciate the sparkling beauty

of P. ornata, one of the smallest-flowered species of the Orchidaceae. The

tiny, purple flowers are cellular-glandular with irregular, glandular hairs along

the margins of the sepals and petals. Platystele ornata was discovered in 1958

by G. C. K. Dunsterville during his extensive combing of the country for

material to illustrate for Venezuelan Orchids.

Recently P. omata has been discovered in the Oriente of Ecuador by Alex-

ander Hirtz. This species is apparently rare, known from only two, widely

separated localities.

Platystele ortiziana Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in cemenert — Pedro Ortiz V. of Bogota, Colombia, well-known authority

on the Orchidaceae of Co!

Species haec P. umbellatae P. Ortiz similis, sed ramicaulibus longioribus et labello majore

cum lat 4 = | es My A: awk

medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 20-30

mm ek partially enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, ‘imbricatin ing sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

45 mm Me including the petiole 5-10 mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, wage 5-6 m

wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence a very congested, um gence multane-

ously 5- to 15-flowered raceme, about 5 mm long, borne by an erect, slender pedunc!

long, emerging laterally from above the middle of the raat floral ral bracts eee imb; ricating,

rounded, with a ranted ei attached to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.3 mm long, 0.5

mm broad, th

crane Without collection data, at Colomborquideas, 4 Apr. 1988,

13092 MO cunts

= 15 SAC 5 Ege chee mee ete. Oat

PANIAMSA fA Ft. Dz. Bo.

, alt. ca. 300 m, 1981, R. L. Dressler s.n. (photo).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

* et

i )

m eT aE fase.

Jes Ae

"hin a Tf

Seeking yeaah

Kee

nig

Sy neers

Plate 42. Platystele omata Garay

82 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

5 mm

Plate 43. Platystele ortiziana Luer & Escobar

A photograph of this species identified as P. umbellata was published on

page 147 of the article in which P. umbellata was described. It occurs near the

Pacific coast of Colombia in the Chocé and in adjacent eastern Panama.

Platystele umbellata occurs in the Central Cordillera.

Similar to that of P. wnbellata the umbellate inflorescence of P. ortiziana is

composed of several, overlapping, minute, simultaneous flowers. The tiny,

rounded sepals are ciliate, and the ovate lip is about 50% larger with revolute

sides that impart a violin shape. The obtuse apex is convex.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 83

pnviele ovalifolia (Focke) Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. ni Ill. 2: 268, 1961.

telis ovalifolia Focke, biagearc Wis-Natuurk Wetensch. 2: 202,

i dos the Latin ovalifolius oval leaves,” referring to a pty a the leaves.

= Pleurothallis ovalifolia mao Reichb. f., Ann. Bot. Syst. 6: 188, 1861.

yn.: Pleurothallis rhomboglossa Reichb. f., Flora 48: 276, 1865.

oa saad se paaziainears. areae “a thom aigeapese referring to the shape of the lip.

Syn.: Pleurothallis vaginulata Griseb., Cat. P1. Cub 1866.

Ety.: From the Latin —, “with little a referring to the size of the sheaths of

the ramicauls an

Plant very small, epiphytic, repent, the rhizomes ca. 1 mm |b long between ramicauls; roots

slender. Ramicauls ascending, stout, 05-1 mm long, enclosed by 1-2 thin sheaths. Leaf suberect

to prostrate, thickly ar 2-6 mm long including a —. ca. 0.5 mm long, the blade

broadly elliptical to suborbicular, obtuse to ro unded, apiculate, 2-2.5 mm wide, the base round-

ed or cuneate, contracted “a pn on tiole. Inflorescence a i to erect, loose, successively

several-flowered raceme 5-10 mm long including ro paces ito word to 5 mm long, emerg-

ing laterally from the ramicaul at the base of the leaf; fl thin, 05-0.75 mm long; pedi-

cels 0.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5-0.75 mm long; mt cor wong pale ye llow, glabrous, the dorsal

sepal ovate, a to subacute, 0.75-1.2 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, og lateral sepals broadly

ovate, oblique, obtuse to subacute, 0.75-1.2 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, free to the ; petals

ale Spire acute to obtuse, 0.6-1.2 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide; lip yellow or red, ovate,

acute, 0.75-1 mm long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, the base subtruncate with a min ute, con-

cave a fixed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.4 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, the stigma

bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

GUYANA: Aruka, Nov. 1896, E. F. Im Thurn 36 (Holotype: K); Arawak, Rio Cuyuni, Matope

nce Oct. 1904, A. W. Bartlett 8323, 8395 (K); Bartica-Potero Road, 18 Aug. 1937, N. Y. Sand-

112.

FRENCH G GUIANA: epiphytic in tall forest, Montagne de Kaw, alt. 300 m, 12 May, 1986, C.

Luer & J. Luer 12228 (MO).

NIDAD & TOBAGO: base of Mt. bowen 18 nigh’ 1920, N. L. Britton, E. G. Britton & T.

Hazen 1969 (AMES); without locality, 11 Mar. 1921, N. L. Britton 2221 (AMES); Arena the

near Cumuto, 3 Dec. 1926, W. E. Broadway 64. 33 (AMES, K, MO); Great Dog River Valley, 12

Oct. 1937, N. ¥. Sandwith 1750 (AMES,

Edo. de Miranda: Guatopo, alt - 2500 ft.; Altaplanicia de Nuria, alt. 1600 ft.

BRAZIL: pig eenge collected by Joao da Silva, cultivated by Vitorino Paiva Castro near Sao

Paulo, 24 Nov. 1989, C. Luer 14470

CUBA: near Monteverde, 1859, a 1506 (AMES, (AMES, G, K, W, type of P. rho: ).

‘AN, . Of é: north of Penonomé, road to Coclésito, alt. 1500 ft., 1 May 1979, B.

pages 7209 (MO). Prov. of aan a: epiphytic in cloud forest along the Altos de Pacora road,

ye 4 Mar. ee Taylor & R. L. SEL).

compen LVADOR: Dept. Ahuachapan: EI Impossible, Cerro Las Campanas, finca San Benito,

alt. 1000 m, 28 May 1975, V. Hellebuyck 470 (AMES, MO). I suspect that this collection is refer-

able to P. minimi iflora.

This minute, creeping species with tiny, broadly ovate, sessile, more or less

prostrate and overlapping leaves usually no more than five millimeters Seon

forms dense mats sometimes 10 or 20 centimeters across. The tiny ye

flowers are borne a short distance above the leaves in a pina few-

flowered raceme. The flowers are simple with ovate, acute, and entire sepals,

tals and lip.

Platystele ovalifolia is relatively frequent and widespread from the Greater

Antilles and across coastal northern South America from Panama into the

Guianas and Amazonian Brazil. Undoubtedly it occurs undetected in many

localities. It is related to the tiny Central American P. Jungermannioides and

P. minimiflora, both of which are distinguished by erect, narrowly elliptical

leaves. In Panama the lip of P. ovalifolia tends to be more narrowly acute,

Suggesting some closer relationship with the latter two.

84 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 44. Platystele ovalifolia (Focke) Garay & Dunsterv,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 85

Platystele ovatilabia 7 & Schweinf.) Garay, ind rng 9: 120, 1974.

.: Pleurothallis ovati es & Schweinf., Sched. Orchid. 10: 33,

.: From the Latin pes ehvh “with the lip ovate,” referring to the en of the lip.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-10 mm long,

5 com

enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 2-4 long Pi a petiole

0.5-1 cm long, the blade € narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse, mm wide, nar-

neate below 00 = indistinct petiole. Infloresce rect, rect, subde succes-

rowlycunea

sively many-flowered raceme up to 0 3 cm long borne by a ‘peduncle 2.5-3 cm Ion

flowers simultaneously, —_— hy suse from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 1 mm long;

it 15-2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepals gine pale yellow, glabrous, the dorsal

| ovate, obtuse, sobearnate, 1- 15 mm ag 0.7-1 mm wide, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique.

L 1.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, free to near the base; ans translucent pale yellow, elliptical,

acute, glabrous, 1- eo sph m long, s 3-0.5 mm wide; lip dark yellow, thick, cellular-papillose, ovate

1.2-1.5 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, the apex round, the base thickened on the end, ing to the

column-foot; column cucullate, 05 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, th t rudi-

mentary.

COSTA RICA: Prov. o coe. ~~ of Pejivalle, alt. ca. 900 m, 7-8 Feb. 1926, P. Standley &

J. Valerio 47213a

MEXICO: ; Suing de " Ocosingo, near Laguna Ocotal Grande, alt. 950 m, 20 July

1954, R. L. Dressler 148, fie (AMES). Finca San Carlos, Cafetal above Tapachula, alt. 1350 m,

~— 1970, H. Lange s.

MALA: tinea ra collected by H. & H. Morgan, flowered in cultivation 28 May

1978, C. Luer 2910 mens

HONDURAS: Dept. of Comayagua: Pito Solo, Laguna Lojoa, 8 Aug. 1932, J. B. Edwards 220

et C. Luer ed 14736. Dept. of Copan: Loma del Guano, 6 May 1919, H. Pittier 8456

(AM

PANAMA Prov. of Chiriqui: Boquete, alt. 1000-1300 m, 4 Mar. 1911, H. Pittier 2990 (?AMES);

. of Coclé: El Valle, collected by H. & H. Morgan, flowered in cultivation 28 May 1978, C.

om 2911 (SEL).

This species is found infrequently from southern Mexico into Costa Rica.

It is characterized by the small habit; narrowly obovate leaves; a subdense,

erect raceme that surpasses the leaf and produces several, minute yellowish

flowers simultaneously; ovate, obtuse sepals; acute petals; and an ovate, cellu-

lar-papillose lip as large as the lateral sepals.

“Platystel sonaione (Schltr.) Garay, a oh 9: 120, 1974.

; othallis oxyglossa Schitr., Repert. S) Regai V eg. 10: 354, 1

By: Prom the Greek oxyglossa, “3 sharply cil to tongue,” in reference to ie shape of the

Syn ~plaliaieds hulzeana Schitr., Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 36(2): 396,1918.

Ety.: Named in jae of Prof. Max Schulze of Jena, renowned for his work in European

orchids

Syn.: Pleurothallis pygmaea Hohne, Bol. Agric. Es tado Sad Paulo, 34: — 1934.

Ety.: From the Latin pygmaeus, “pygmy,” in reference to the small siz

rE ie Pleurothallis lancilabris var. oxyglossa (Schitr.) C. Schweinf., sick Mus. Leafl. 6: 200,

a fe stele brasiliensis Brade, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 11: 73, 1951.

Ety.: Named for the country of origin, Brazil.

Syn.: Platystele pygmaea (Hoehne) Garay, Rodriguesia 18-19: 30, 1956.

Syn.: Platystele schulzeana (Schitr.) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 120, 1974.

mall to very small, epiphytic, ee fag. t and caespit ose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, senses, 1-3 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coria-

‘ous, 8-25 mm long including a petiole ae mm long, the blade elliptical-obovate to narrowly

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 45. Platystele ovatilabia (Ames & Schweinf.) Garay

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 87

Plate 46. Platystele oxyglossa (Schltr.) Garay

88 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

elliptical-obovate, —— to pwraaet: 3-5 mm wide, cuneate to narrowly cuneate below into the

petiole. Infloresce a weak, sube more or ess flexuous, distichous, successively

several-flowered raceme up to 4 cm ae including the filiform peduncle 1-2 ~ long, sions the

ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 0.5-1 mm long; pe — 1.5-4 mm long; ovary 0.3-0.6 mm long;

sepals translucent light ste w-green, — suffused with pig aig especially cone the

midve

acuminate, the dorsal sepal “L 15-5 mm ier 0.5-1 mm wide, the atest sepals oblique, 1.75-5

mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, free to the base; petals translucent pho yellow-green, glabrous, some-

times microscopically areal emu on the margins, n ly linear-ovate, slightly curved,

acute, 1.2-3.5 mm long, 0.15-0. wide; lip red-purple, pap is aged microscopically cellu-

lar-glandular, ovate, acute, Sneaky 1. 25-2 mm long, 0.5-1 mm wide, the base truncate fe a

glenion, attached to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5-0.8 mm long and broad, the stigma

bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

MEXICO: Edo. Chiapas: south of Palenque toward Sf alt. 300 m, 12 May 1982, G.

7 & F. Cabrera 20368 (MO). Edo. Oaxaca: Cuicatlan, Cerro Machin,

t. of Alta Verapaz: near Cobdn, alt. 1500 m, Feb. 1908, H. von Tiirckheim

no. II, 2422a (Holotype: 7); Finca Chap) near Coban, alt. 1500 m, phone by H. Ibajiez, flow-

ered in cultivation in Coban, 14 Feb. 1990, C. Luer 14658 (MO).

EL SALVADOR: Cerro Montecristo, alt. 2300 m, F. Hamer s.n. (Herb. F. Hamer).

NICARAGUA: Prov. of Jinotega: ria ea Atwood 106

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: between San Ramén and Balsa, = 1100 m, 10 ig 1979, W.

D. Stevens 14090 (MO). Prov. of Cartago: comets del Caracol near Cartago, alt., 2000 m,

José: Carpintera, alt. 1800 m, Apr. 1908, C. Brade s.n. (type of P. schulzeana, ?); same area, alt.

Linder & W. :

where? damp forest above Ta bosi, alt. 2000 m, 25 Jan. 1882, F. C. Lehmann 1140 (G).

PANAMA: Prov. of pas i pe i on Cerro Colorado, alt. ca. 1800 m, 16 Feb. 1977, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. L. Dressler 1452 (SEL); Cerro Colorado, alt. 1600-1700 m, 14 May 1977, J. P.

Folsum, Small & R. — 4750 (MO). Prov. of Coclé: hills _ El Valle de Antén, 23

Nov. 1967, R. L. Dressler 3204 (MO). of Pametie Cerro Jefe. m, 30 Sept. 1978,

Prov.

B. ae peace O). Prov. of Veraguas: near Santa Fé, alt. ca. co m, 1 Mar. 1976, R. L.

Dressler 5193 (SEL).

COLOMBIA: Dept. of pest Munic. of Yarumal, above El Cedro, alt. 1850 m, 15 Mar

1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, S. Dalstrém & W. — 14175 (MO). Dept. of Cauca: Cerro Mun nchique,

alt. 2400 m, 3 Mar. 1884, F. <. Pesce a 23 (G). Dept. of Chocé: San José del Palmar, 12 Jan.

1984, F. A. Ra cae N. Paz, A. Duque & H. ——— (MO).

NEZU rabobo: Rio San Gian, alt. m, 7 Aug. 1965, J. Steyermark 68949

(VEN); Edo. veut Guatopo, Aug. 1953, G. C. x Ds une 128. Edo. Sucre: Peninsula de

Paria, Cerro de Humo, alt. 1060 m, 1 Mar. 1966, J. Steyermark 94817 (VEN); Cerro de Humo,

alt. 700-800 m, 11 Aug. 1966, J. Steyermark & M. Rabe 96332, 96363 (VEN). Terr. Fed. Amazo-

nas: Rio Negro, alt. 530-550 m, 14 Nov. 1982, F. Guanchez

ECUADO R: Prov. of Imbabura: Selva Alegre, alt. 1400 m, May 1989, A. Hirtz & X. Hirtz 4239

(MO). Prov. of Napo: a ng x — ye the new road between Archidona and Coca, alt.

1200 m icy 1985, C. Lu & W. Flores 11233 (MO). Prov. of Morona-San-

tiago: Cordillera del Cutuci, gre on whe a Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 ia. 1989, C. Luer, J.

scot F. — A. a & A. Hirtz 13964 (MO). Prov. of Zamora-Chinchipe: epiphytic in forest

ualaquiza and Zamora, alt. 900 m, 27 Mar. 1985, C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz & W. Flores

10972 sab Contiler del conte: east of Los Encuentros, alt. 1500 m, C.. Luer, J. Luter, P.

am dp & A. Jesup 140.

U: Dept. of Amazonas: Vilcaniza, alt. 1500 m, collected by C. Head, flowered in cultivation

ce ”" L. Orchids, Easton, CT., 10 Dec. 1988, C. Luer 13812 (MO).

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Prov. of Larecaja, between Guanay and Tipuani, alt. 1200 m, 23 Jan.

1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Vasquez & J. Solomon 12922 (MO).

BRAZIL: Edo. Espirito Santo, Forno Grande, alt. 1000 m, May 1949, A. C. Brade 19794 (RB,

type of P. brasiliensis), Petropolis, Aug. 1930, M. Vogel s.n. (herb. bot. agr., type of P. pygmaea).

Platystele oxyglossa is the most widely distributed species of the genus,

forms of which are encountered throughout much of tropical America. It is

remarkably variable in size vegetatively and florally, but it would be impracti-

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 89

cal to give each variation a specific epithet. The shapes of the floral parts

remain reasonably constant. Tiny forms with sepals barely longer than one

millimeter are apparently found throughout the range. The lip, however, is

more constant in size, but it becomes proportionately smaller in flowers with

larger sepals and petals. A tiny taxon with sepals about 1 mm long with the lip

larger than the sepals has been segregated into P. taylorii.

In many floras P. oxyglossa has been considered a synonym of the earlier

described P. lancilabris, and it is labeled as such in many herbaria. Some

forms may approach P. Jancilabris, but P. oxyglossa is identified by the shorter,

more or less flexuous raceme of successive flowers with ovate, acuminate

floral parts. The raceme of P. lancilabris is strict with simultaneous flowers

with ovate, non-acuminate sepals.

Platystele pedicellaris (Schltr.) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 120, 1974.

Bas.: Pleurothallis pedicellaris Schitr., Repert. pec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 395, 1912.

Ety.: From the Latin pedicellaris, “(long-)pedicelled,” referring to the prominent pedicels.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-3 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-20 mm long

including the petiole 2-4 mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical, subacute, 3-4 mm wide, the base

na cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescenc distichous, successively several-

tical-obovate, oblique, acute, slightly acuminate, 2.55 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip red, ovate, acute,

1-2 mm long, 0.75 mm wide, the base truncate with a small glenion; column cucullate, 0.75 mm

lL Ahk a ste as , a | 4 e t. ne m 1

105.

GUATEMALA: Dept. of Alta Verapaz: epiphytic near Coban, alt. 1350 m, June 1907, H. von

Tiirckheim no. II, 2423 (Hol : AMES); Finca Volcan, alt. 2000 ft., 22 Feb. 1939, C. L. Wilson

239 (AMES); Senahu, alt. 1100 m, 17 Feb. 1981, C. Luer, J. Luer, M. Dix & M. Dix 5852 (SEL);

Finca Chajsel near Cob4n, alt. 1300 m, 14 Feb. 1990, C. Luer, J. Luer & M. Behar 14659 (MO).

This little species is apparently endemic in Guatemala, having been first

collected by von Tiirckheim early in this century. It is easily distinguished from

its close relative, the frequent and widely distributed P. oxyglossa, by the long-

pedicellate, congested, non-flexuous raceme, and the relatively broad, minute-

ly ciliate petals. Flowers vary greatly in size, the sepals and petals ranging in

length from 2 millimeters to 6 millimeters. The larger-flowered forms have

been confused with the Costa Rican P. propinqua.

Platystele perpusilla (Reichb. f.,) Garay, Orquideologia 9: 120, 1974.

Bas.: Pleurothallis perpusilla Reichb. f., in Seemann, Bot. Voy. H.M.S.Herald 215, 1854.

Ety.: From the Latin perpusillus, “very small,” referring to the habit of the plant.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-10 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 15-30 mm

long including a petiole 4-5 mm long, the blade narrowly obovate, subacute, 4-5 mm wide,

cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, distichous, loose simultaneous-

90 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 48. Platystele perpusilla (Reichb. f.) Garay

92 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ly several-flowered raceme up to 4.5 cm long including the filiform peduncle 2-2.5 cm long,

emerging laterally cpus low on the Dat floral bracts - , 0.5-1 mm long; pedicels 1-15 mm

long; ovary 0.3 mm long; sepals translucent greenish yellow, glabrous, ovate, — 1-veined,

the dorsal sepal 1. 2 mm long, 0.6 mm ers the seiciele sepals 1.2 mm am tink, 0.8 mm wide, con-

nate near the base; petals narrowly ovate, acute, 1 mm long, 0.3 mm wide, Laka lip thick,

abe AEN ikaee an at mm Hep 05 mm wide, the disc with a basal glenion, the

and incurved with a , the base

el broadly fixed to the ss rdiensaliey column-foot; column cucullate, 0.3 mm ‘long and

broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui: Boquete, Feb. 1848, Dr. Seemann 1565 (Holotype: BR; Isotype:

ate

co RICA: Prov. of Puntarenas: ee = - Cordillera de Talamanca between =e

ae ge Mellizas, alt. 1300-1450 m, 11 Mar G. Davidse, L. D. Gémez, G. Herrera, C.

Chacén, I. & A. Chacén 25582 (MO), . Luer Ai 14454.

This apparently rare, little species was first collected in western Panama by

Dr. Seemann in the last century. It is not known to have been recollected in

Panama, but it is now known by a recent collection from nearby Costa Rica.

Although not really “excavato” as described by Reichenbach, the lip is faith-

fully represented by his simple sketch published in Xenia Orchidacea.

Platystele perpusilla is distinguished by the little tuft of narrowly obovate

leaves topped by a slender, several-flowered raceme that produces three or

four tiny flowers simultaneously. The sepals and petals are simple, each about

one millimeter long. The habit is reminiscent of P. lancilabris, not P. oxyglos-

sa. The distinctive ovoid lip is thickened at the apex by a low, longitudinal

callus that extends from the back surface around the end into the acute, in-

curved tip.

Platystele phasmida Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 16: 42, 1986.

ty.: Named for the fancied similarity of the flowers to ~~ Sticks, insects belonging to

the order Phasmida. Phasmida from the Greek phasma, “a phantom,” referring to a fancied

appearance of the insect.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect, slender,

3-10 mm long, aceon by 2-3 thin, ribbed, a Sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-

— ate, 20-40 mm long SRR . petiole 10-20 mm long, the blade elliptical with the apex

use to — 7-13 ic, iin cuneate into — Inflorescence an erect,

stg d, successiv eles severa on sie ith 2-4 ultaneously, up to

15 mm ong including the rains peduncle up to 8 cm aa cuamaiee laterally from the rami-

caul; floral bracts thin, 2 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals light pur-

ple, ‘andere carinate apr: the margins revolute, the dorsal narrowly triangular,

with the acute apex long-attenuate, 20 mm long, 2 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the lateral

sepals similar, 21 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, connate 1.5 mm; petals purple, verrucose nt,

ciliate, triangular, acute, 1.5 mm long, 0.75 mm es ; lip purple, pubescent, ovate-cordate, Par mm

long, 1.5 mm wide, the apex rounded and co

a the disc wings a circular, shallowly cleft, geri callus at the ba base, the basal lobes e

rrowly obtuse. pees ng the columa, the base fixed to the column-foot; column oncallate, (1 0S

mm long, aaa: broad, th

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Munic. of Jardin, quebrada La Cifuentes, alt. 2430 m, 28 Aug.

1984, R. Escobar, L. & J. Posada, F. Lépez, C. Head & J. Cardenas 3404 (Holotype: JAUM:

Isotype: MO).

This species is distinguished from the other three species in subgenus

Teagueia by the extremely narrow, pubescent sepals and the pubescent lip.

four species have the dorsal sepal three-veined, and the lip with a concave

aie Platystele phasmida is apparently rare and local, having been collected

t once.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

PAV ARR aaah

Ped Tine pes pron

i : Bos

oN Sealer * Ye ;

Babes he Maa 4

Nene

ae r

Ee arene

Batitys >

" Ee ee

eH — FW aramereteeovoncarSsoman ewan

ou ated Anorak mum Gates. i

ObME 1 oma ARO

(Savi atte ern aaa :

]mm

Plate 49. Platystele phasmida Luer & Escobar

\ Q

agp

slender peduncle 1.5-2.5 cm long, ane annie from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1

94 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

_Pltstle — (Lindley) Luer, Selbyana 3: 232, 1977.

Bas.: Pleuro:

hallis pisifera Lindley, Folia Orchid. Pleurothallis 36, 1

: From the Latin n pisifer, “‘pea-bearing,” in allusion to the Oech globular, smaller than

the smallest peas.”

Syn.: F ldtia pisifera (Lindley) K , Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Platystele iepsiere Ls er & Escobar, Orquideologia 16(1): 14, 1983.

Ety.: From the Greek hypsitros, “higher” ta poh to the higher ‘altitudes where this species

small, ac ani densely caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect to ease slen-

i 10-

der, poy mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, oe sheaths. Leaf erect,

. mm long including a petiole — mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to

7 wide, narrowly cu eate sal into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect to suber-

bcongested, strict, successive oy ie ral to many-flowered raceme 3-6 cm long including the

ong; pedicels 4-6 mm long; ovary 1 mm long; sepals translucent yellow or rose, minutely

& Ty

aoe subcarinate, ovate, acute, er seer: or dorsal sepal 5.5 mm long, 1.3 mm wide, the

lateral sepals oblique, 5.5 mm long, 1.8 m wide, free to the base; petals yellow or rose, minute-

ly ciliate, narrowly ovate, slightly coeur acute, 4 mm long, 0.9 mm wide; lip purple, ea

acute, | base fi foo’

mm long, : 1 mm wid e, the trun neate with a small ee ixed to the column-

o é

ECUADOR: Prov. of Azuay: “Surucucho,” near rena 23 Oct. 1839, Jameson s.n. (Holotype:

j same area, alt. 3000 m, 10 Jan. 1958, C. H. Dodson 287A (SEL); same area, 2 Mar. 1977, C.

Luer, J. Luer & K. Cordoba 1496A (SEL); Rio Cumbe south of Cumbe, alt. 2900-3000 m, 9 June

1979, B. Lojtnant, A. & U. Molan 14354 (GB). Prov. of Bolivar: Pi sgh in cloud forest north of

Chillanes, alt. 2650 m, 25 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer, J. Kuijt & A. Hirtz 9710 (K,

MO). Prov. of Pichincha: cloud forest along the new hot between Quito and Santo Domingo,

alt. 1950 m, 30 Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer, J. Kuijt & A A. Hirtz 9831 (MO).

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Santander: Munic. of Vetas, epiphytic in cloud forest above La Baja, al

2600 m, 20 May 1982, C. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7898 (Holotype: SEL). Dept. of Condi.

namarca: Usaquén, be 2700-2800 m, 12 Oct. 1951, M. Schneider 166 er Dept. _ ag =

Santander: between Alto del Oro an to de Santa Inez, alt.

Schultes, E. Smith & IL rote 12542 (AMES, COL, US); south a Ait 19 ee on, :

J. Hermann 10918 me criphytie in subparamo cloud forest below Paramo de Jurisdic-

ciones, alt. 2750 m, 30 Apr er, J. Luer, R. Escobar & D. Portillo 7667 yaaa same

area, 10 May 1984, Sie 1 Ley, Escobar & Valencia 10226 (MO); Alto de Sa

‘0, alt. 2850 m, 11 May 1984, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10281 (MO). ae

pods Inéz, alt. 2250 m, 13 May 1984, Cc Pons I. Luer, R. Escobar & E. Valencia 10333 (MO).

LA: Edo. Tachira: es Junin, Cerro San Isidro, Quebrada Aqua Caliente, alt. 2000

m, 13 Nov. 1982, G. Davidse & A. Gonzales 63 (MO, VEN); headwaters of Rio Quinimari,

. 2500-2600 m, 11 Jan. 1968, J. Se

teyermark & G. C. K. Dunsterville 100668, 100791 (VEN).

PERU: Dept. of Cuzco: Urubamba, Salapunco, alt. 2400 m, 25 Mar. 1946, C. Vargas 5987

(AMES).

BOLIVIA: Dept. of La Paz: Prov. of Sud Yungas: Rio Unduavi, alt. 3000 m, 6 Feb. 1980, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Vasquez 5133 (SEL). Dept. of Cochabamba: Prov. of Chapare, between

Cochabamba and Villa Tunari, alt. 1200 m, 17 Jan. 1988, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. R. Vasquez, T. &

Mulder, & A. Vogel 12853 (MO).

is species was first collected over a century ago by Dr. Jameson around

the ee cold, alpine Lake Zorrogucho above Cuenca where it is still to be

found today. It occurs frequently at high altitudes from Venezuela through all

three cordilleras of Colombia, and the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia.

It is closely allied to P. acicularis with which it is sympatric in Ecuador, and

P. stonyx with which it is sympatric in Colombia. Platystele pisifera is distin-

guished from both by the shorter, more or less crowded, non-flexuous inflo-

rescence, and an ovate, acute, non-channeled lip. A confusion with what is

ow di

escribed as P. acicularis led to the description on P. hypsitera.

Florally P. pisifera is more similar to the smaller, widely distributed P.

— of lower altitudes. From the latter, P. ak ie is identified by the

mewhat congested,

ger, usually more robust habit; so us racemes;

petals.

wie | ch ciliate sepals and

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 95

Plate 50. Platystele pisifera (Lindley) Luer

96 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

— aapueghage Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

.. Nam r Sr. and Sra. Jaime Posada, owners of Colomborquideas, who discovered

ap amos this species.

Species haec P. microglossae P. Ortiz affinis, sed sepalis longissime caudatis et labello

obtuso multimajore differt.

Plant very small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots comparatively coarse. Ramicauls erect, 2-3 mm

long, enclosed by 2 thin, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, shortly petiolate, 15-18 mm

— including the petiole 4-5 mm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse, 4-65 mm wide,

ate below into the iris nflorescence a suberect, loose, successively few-flowered

ice 1mm

translucent pale yellow, lightly suffused with rose, the margins minutely ciliate, the dorsal sepal

ovate, acute, acuminate, long-caudate, 13 mm long, 2.6 mm wide, the lateral sepals ovate,

oblique, acute, acuminate, long-caudate, 12 mm long, 3.6 mm wide, free to near the base;

the

column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimen-

tary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Risaralda: Mistraté, collected by L. & J. Posada, flowered in cultivation

at Colomborquideas 18 Apr. 1982, C. Luer 7451 (Holotype: SEL).

This little species was discovered by Ligia and Jaime Posada and cultivated

at Colomborquideas near Medellin. It is not known to have been collected

elsewhere. The flowers are large for the small size of the plant. The sepals

are long-caudate and minutely ciliate. The lip is elliptical and obtuse. Platys-

tele posadarum is closely related to P. microglossa, but the floral parts of the

latter are only half as long, and the tiny lip is acute. Platystele posadarum is

also related to P. caudatisepala, but the sepals and petals of the latter are

narrow, and the lip is acute.

pees oe (Ames) Garay, Caldasia 10: = 1968.

Sched. Orchid. 6: 68, 1

Bry: ‘eon the earn. propinquus, “neighboring,” pero: to the similarity to some other

species of the genus.

long, en aed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous.

including the petiole teh — nag the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute, aS mm wide,

al-flowered raceme up ms 22: mm long, borne by an erect, slender peduncle 10-25 mm long,

emerging laterally org the ramicaul; floral bracts oe — oe Sante a 2-4 mm long;

1 mm long, ranslucent purple, ova he dorsal sepal 4.75-

5.5 mm — 1.5-1. 78 mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral coe ciligne, 4. 95-5 mm Pepa 15 mm

wide, free to the base; petals purple, narrowly ova €, oblique, acute, acuminate, 4- long,

0.6-1 mm sie lip deep purple, thick, ovate, orto ‘acuminate, 3.5-5 mm long, b & 25-17 75 mm

wide, the base truncate with a broad glenion; column cucullate, 1 mm long and broad, the stigma

bilobed, the foot 0.5 mm long.

small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, porn 3-5 mm

mm long

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Heredia: Vara Blanca between Pods and Barba volcanoes, 22 July, 1923,

een D. ee US; AMES); same area, July 1923, O. Jimenez & R.

( same area, alt. 1800 m, 15 - 1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & ret emre head

(SEL); near Monte de la Cruz, 1 age 1970, R. L. Dressler 3788 (MO); Volcan Barba

Concepcidn, alt. 1820 m, 20 Mar. 1986, C. Luer, J. Luer, T. Linder & W. Nhidehanact 12123

(MO). Without locality, 1884, A. Endres s.n. (AMES).

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 51. Platystele posadarum Luer & Escobar

98 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 52. Platystele propinqua (Ames) Garay

Although P. propinqua is closely allied to P. oxyglossa, the former is readily

distinguished by the larger, purple flowers with broader petals and a larger lip.

The species is often floriferous at which time it is very showy with numerous,

comparatively large, rose colored flowers surrounding a dense tuft of leaves.

It is apparently endemic in central Costa Rica.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 99

sian aE pubescens Luer, Phytologia 55: 200, 1984.

rom the Latin pubescens, “pubescent,” referring to the integument of the sepals.

nt very small, Piphyte, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2-4

mm ig enclosed by 2-3 thin, loose, imbricati ting sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 13-

25 mm long including a saice 4-15 mm long, the blade elliptical, subacute, 4-7 mm wide, cune-

ate below into the petiole. Inflorescence a weak, suberect rect, loose, flexuous, distichous, succes-

sively several-flowered raceme up to 6 cm long including the filiform pedw peduncle 1.5-2 cm Pw:

emerging from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 1 mm long; pedicels 2.5-3 mm long; ovary 0.5

long; sepals translucent pale yellow with a red midvein , long-pubescent above the middle, i

acute, the dorsa mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the ‘lateral sepals, arg _— ee lon,

1 m wide, connate ca. 1 mm; petals yellow with red midvein, e, te, rope

2.3 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; lip red, tra ransversely ovate-cordate, obtuse, ce foe andular, 0

long, 1 mm gn mers aout channeled, the base subtraneate, fisoa to the eae

column cucu

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: do in cloud forest near San Miguel de los Bancos, alt.

1300 m, July 1983, A. Hirtz 1044 (Holotype: SEL), C. Luer illustr. 9163; above Mindo, alt. 2000

m, 6 Dec. 1984, A. Hirtz 2152 (MO).

This species is apparently endemic in the forests of the western slopes of

Mt. Pichincha where it has been found by Hirtz on several occasions. Vegeta-

tively it is similar to many other little, caespitose species with more or less

spathulate leaves. Diagnostic, however, are the long-pubescent sepals and the

transversely cordate lip.

Platystele pyriformis Luer, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin pyriformis, “pear-shaped,” referring to the shape of the lip.

Planta mediocris caespitosa, inflorescentia racemosa laxiflora foliis obovatis duplolongiore,

sepalis petalisque anguste ovatis acutis, labello carnoso pyriformi leviter sulcato apice rotunda-

to.

Plant medium in oe oo caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.5-1

cm ‘one enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, ep: 3-7

sae including the ass 15-3 mm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, obtuse, 1-1.2 cm wide,

arrow! cuneate into the petiole. rescence a Strict, lax, sires several-flow-

ne raceme, up to 13 cm | g the erect, slender peduncle 7-8 cm long, emerging ati

ally from ye sarasota. floral bracts oblique, 1 mm long; pedicels 3-5 mm “ae ovary 1 mm long;

sepals tra t rose, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, the dorsal sepal 4 mm long, 1 mm wide,

a he paeale sepals oblique, free to the base, 4 mm long, 1.4 mm wide; petals translucent

rose, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute, 3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide; lip red, thick, Peay iairgpais,

obovoid, oes the apex rounded, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide, lightly sulcate centrally, the

truncate, witha small cen attached to the column-foot; column thinly ania aa mm

long, 1

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Antioquia: Frontino, collected June 1976 by Jean Vigliotti, flowered in

cultivation in Ft. Lauderdale, FL., 30 Aug. 1976, C. Luer 676 (Holotype: SEL).

This species was discovered by Jean Vigliotti near Frontino in the Western

Cordillera of Colombia and apparently it has not been collected again.

Vegetatively it is considerably larger than its relatives. The lip is thick and

ga The undersurface of the lip is lightly concave between what look

like thick, irevolute sides of the lip.

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

sant «

te ts he

Theat:

alae

lmm

Plate 53. Platystele pubescens Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 101

Plate 54. Platystele pyriformis Luer

102 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

eee rauhii Luer, Die Orchidee 38: 61, 1987.

Named in honor of its discoverer, Dr. Werner Rauh of the University of Heidelberg.

Piant small, oo nsely caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, stout, 2-3 mm

long, enclosed by 2- rt, ribbed, im imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, epetio-

late, narrowly ovoid, eti: to fusiform, acute, 10-22 mm lo 35 mm wide above the

sath mm thick. Inflorescence a loose, flexuous, subdistichous, successively many-flowered

ceme, with 2-3 flowers often produced simultaneously, up to 10 cm long including the erect,

enka peduncle 3 cm long, emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 1-2 mm

i ada lls, bien. Hoa sin: sepals translucent yellow, glabrous, L-veined,

the dors. rrowly triangular-ovate, acute, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, the rile sepals

oblique, cliptie-sbtacate acute, acuminate, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide, free to the —" petals

translucent yellow, glabrous, narrowly ovate, oblique, acute, acumina mm long, 0.8 mm

wide; lip red, cellular-glandular, —— — acute, acuminate above the middle, 2 mm long,

0.75 mm wide, lightly concave centrally, the base truncate, attached to the column-foot; fa sees

cucullate, 05 mm long, 0.5 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

PERU: Dept. of Libertad: lithophytic between Huamachuco and Trujillo, alt. ca. 28300 m, Aug.

1980, og er by W. Rauh 53754, flowered in cultivation at Heidelberg University exh tt 1985,

C. Luer 11426 (Holotype: MO). Dept. of Cajamarca: south of Cajamarca along road to Caja-

bamba, liaise, alt. 2800 m, collected by K. von Bismarck, 16 Nov. 1986, D. pratt 3756

(MO); lithophytic above Celendin, alt. 2850 m, 18 Aug. 1987, A. Sagdstegui, J. Montacero & S.

Leiva 12168 (MO).

This comparatively coarse but minute, succulent-leaved species is possibly

the only one of the genus that grows lithophytically i in full sun in the company

of cactus. At this high altitude of little rain the days are hoi, but the nights are

cool and humid. The floral parts indicate a close relationship to P. axyglossa

and its relatives, but P. rawhii is distinguished by the broad, falcate petals that

are similar to the lateral sepals.

Platystele reflexa Luer, Phytologia 49: 200, 1981.

Ety.: From the Latin reflexus, “reflexed,” referring to the reflexed sepals and petals.

Plant ll, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slen nder, 5-40 mm long,

partially diet’ by 2-3 thin, ribbed, vaphapie sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 20-50 mm

long including the petiole 5-15 mm long, the b lliptical ¢, subacute, 7-13 mm wide,

the base cuneate into the petiole. fori laps racemose, a congested, distichous, s' ively

several-flowe mm bya

from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 1-3 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary 1

mm long, 3-angled; sepals orange, ovate, acute, 1-veined, glabrous, the dorsal sepal erect,

concave » 2.25 mm long, 1.25 mm iinet the ss rs pager acutely reflexed, oblique, 2.25 mm long,

0.9 mm , connate near the b exed, orange, elliptical-ovate, acute, 1.75

mm long, 0.5 mm wide; lip orange, thick, cdlsin dented arp 1.75 mm long, 0. 9 mm

wide, the apex yponseecck the base subt truncate, with a small glenio: column cucullate, 0.75 mm

hooded, t di

cs o

reggie Prov. of pocep Neamt Rio ee alt. — e 19 Sept. 1980, C. Luer, J.

A. Andreetta et al. i (Holotype: SEL). Prov. cha: road between Quito and

Santo Domingo, collected by Cordelia Head, aay in sprees at J & L Orchids, Easton,

CT., S May 1990, C. Luer 14755 (MO).

This species is closely allied to the widely distributed P. stenostachya, and it

occurs within the distribution of the latter in Ecuador. Vegetatively P. reflexa

is usually distinguished by broader leaves, but most distinct are the twice

larger flowers with acutely reflexed lateral sepals and petals.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 55. Platystele rauhii Luer

104 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 56. Platystele reflexa Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 105

gia mea repens slag Garay.

urothallis repens ep 2 271,12

a rise the Latin repens, ie eee? shes to the habit of the plant.

Syn.: Pleurothallis hians Ames ex Smith, Enum. Pl. Guatem., pt. 8, index, i not Lindley.

Ety.: Prom the Latin hians, “gaping,” paientee to the widely spread flowe

Pla ic cnes in size, epiphytic, repent; roots slender, along the rhizome, the rhizome

slender, "35 mm between ramicauls. Ramicauls suberect, aah slender, 5-7 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 = tubular dank af erect, coriaceous, long —- an indis-

tinct petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, iaacnte to obtuse, 3-5 mm

wide, gradually narrowed below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, successively

few-flowered ase up to 5 mm long borne by a peduncle 10-15 mm long, emerging laterally

from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 1 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 1 mm long;

sepals ania: pale ye low, gla — the dorsal sepal —- obtuse, 3.2 mm long, 2 mm

wide, 1-veined, the latera tag bes €, oblique, obtuse, 3 mm long, 1.8 mm wide, 1-veined, fre

to the base; 4 igh Spee — gabrovs 3 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, 1-veined; lip yellow, ake

lar, ovate, subacu , 1.4 mm wide, the base truncate with a shallow glenion, fixed to

the column deni ne, 05 mm long, 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot

rudimentary.

GUATEMALA: Dept. of Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, alt. 350 m, Dec. 1901, H. von Tiirckheim 496

ag gp AMES); Cubilquitz, Finca Samangana, collected by H. A. Paredes C., Sept. 1990, alt.

m, C. Luer 14863 (AMES, K, MO).

This species is apparently endemic in the lowlands of eastern Guatemala

and Belize. It is readily identified by the repent habit; narrow, erect leaves up

to 4 centimeters long; and a shorter, successively few-flowered inflorescence.

The yellow flower is relatively large with obtuse, glabrous sepals, and an ovate,

suberect lip.

ween pert Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

: From the Latin diminutive of resimus, “with up-turned nose,” referring to the appear-

ae of the lip.

Planta parva caespitosa, inflorescentia racemosa foliis anguste ellipticis longiore, sepalis

anguste ovatis longi-attenuatis, petalis subulatis minute ciliatis, labello oso Obovoid

obtuso apice abrupte subacuto incurvo.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. sensigoa erect, slender, 3-15 mm

long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf e riaceous, 10-45 mm com

— a petiole 3-25 mm long, the ne narrowly ciptial-oborate, Sie iad 36 mm wide,

narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescenc rect, and

successively several-flowered raceme e to 8cm rene including the filiform pe peduncle 1-2 cm

long, em =“ rae from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 0.5-0.75 m icels 2-3 mi

ovary 0.3-05 mm long; sepals translucent light purple or rose, ny or aie , with por

a white cilia, narrowly ovate, acut oe the dorsal sepal 34 mm long, 0.75-1

wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 25-35 mm a 1 mm wide, free to the po petals similar-

ty seat ciliate, very narrowly linear-ovate, acu c longattenate, - mm long, 0.3 mm wide;

red-brown, or orange, thick, osfiang- giana, obovoid-u nate, is mm mm

wide, the disc shall concave, with a minute, basal gien ion, ov ees abruptly subacute, in-

curved, the base subtruncate, fixed with a short claw to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.3

mm long, 0.5 mm broad, t

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: — in cloud forest south of Tandapi alt. 1600 m, 1 Mar.

1986, C. Luer, C. Dodson, A. Hirtz & A. Embree 12062 (Holotype: MO); between Mindo and San

Miguel de los Bancos, alt. 1450 m, Cree , C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T. Hoijer & A. Hirtz

A, Maduro 16-M (MO). Prov. of pao El Valle, alt. ca. 1000 m, collected by G. Kennedy, flow.

ered in cultivation at SEL, 6 Mar. 1976, C. Luer 761 (SEL). Prov. of Panama: Cerro Jef. e, alt. ca.

1000 m, Sept. 1976, C. Luer & H. Bache 1618 (SEL).

106 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 57. Platystele repens Ames

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 107

Plate 58. Platystele resimula Luer & Hirtz

This species with a thick, obovoid lip with an up-turned apex, is distin-

guished from P. rhinocera with a similar lip by the larger flowers with long-

attenuate sepals. The former occurs uncommonly at moderately low altitudes

of the western slopes of central Ecuador, and it is also uncommon in Panama.

The cilia of the sepals and petals of the plants from Panama are microscopic.

108 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele rex Luer & Escobar, Orquideologia 15: 140, 1982.

.: From the Latin rex, “a king,” in allusion to the regal appearance of the species among

a genus eeu rs.

Plant large for the genus, epiphytic, mnpirbds repent, the rhizome ca. 1 cm long between

5-3 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 imbricating

sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly coriaceous, petiola rg per cm long including a petiole 3-35 cm long,

the blade — acute, lightly acuminate, ge mm wide, the base acuminate into the petiole.

In florescence erect, Subdense , distichous, simultaneously several-flowered raceme, up to 11

peduncle 4-5 cm ae from near the middle of the ramicaul; floral

bracts ha: 2mm mm long; pedicels 1-1.5 mm long; ovary 15 mm long; ae bright rose, minutely

short-pubescent, the dorsal I ovate at the base, 20 mm long, 3 mi the apex

acute, long-acuminate into a filiform tail, the lateral sepals narrowly nail oblique, 20 mm long,

mm te

rose, minutely pubescent, ovate, acute, 3 mm long, 1 mm wide; lip rose, suborbicular, 3.5 mm

long, 3 mm wide, the apex rounded and concave with involute margins ee the center of the

disc, the disc with a rounded, cleft, cellular-pubescent callus at the base, the tuse,

eben pt ie the column, the base fixed to the column-foot; eae cucullate, 1 mm

long, 1

marge ay Intend. of Putumayo: eee bs in cloud forest east of San Francisco toward

t. 2200 m, 2 Aug. 1978, C. Luer, J. Kuhn

Mocoa, a ug. 1 & D. Welisch 3133 (Holotype: SEL;

Isotype: J AUM).

cies is one of the showiest of the genus. It is characterized by the

robust, repent habit; the large, thin, petiolate leaves tapered at either end; and

a congested, distichous raceme of simultaneous, large, bright rose flowers

suggesting a giant Lepanthopsis. The sepals are long-attenuate, and the round

lip, deeply excavate at the apex, embraces the column with basal lobes.

Platystele rhinocera Luer & Hirtz, Sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Greek rhinoceras, “a h ” referri he appea f the lip.

oC fr

Iva caespitosa, inflorescentia racemosa foliis late aun obtusis longiore, sepalis

ovatis gabris, petalis subulatis, labello p

Plant very small, epiphytic, densely ri Ose; roots slender. niga ae slender, 2-5

mm TT. enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect aceous, petiolate, 6-

long i engi a avi se mm long, the blade broadly cipal, Seanabe 48 mm wide,

caer below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loose, dist subflexuous, s successive-

ly few- to several-flowered raceme to 5 cm long, oe hi a sliform ; A 1-3 cm long, from

low on the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 0.75-1.5 mm long; pedicels 1-4 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm

long; sepals translucent yellow to light purple, peat cere the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, obtuse,

2.25 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals ovate, oblique, subacute, 2 mm long, 1

i -veined, free to the base; petals yellow to light purple, narrowly triangular, oblique,

thi cell

r, ly 1.25

mm wide, 0.75 mm thick, the base truncate with a small eae fixed to the column-foot;

column shallowly cucullate, 0.5 mm |

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Nariiie: re in sagreees above Ricaurte, alt. 1800 7 gaa in culti-

vation at the La Planada in. 1987, C. Luer 12493 (Holotype: M

R: Prov. of Esmeraldas: cipytin in wet a west of Lita, alt. a: m, , 18 Jan. 1987,

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, C. H. Dodson, D. Benzing & D. Bermudes 12385 (MO).

Platystele rhinocera, the sympatric P. fimbriata and P. resimula have very

similar, thick, obovoid lips with upturned tips, but the sepals and petals differ

markedly. Those of P. fimbriata are fimbriate; those of P. resimula are long-

109

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 59. Platystele rex Luer & Escobar

110 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 60. Platystele rhinocera Luer

attenuate. Platystele rhinocera is distinguished by the ovate, obtuse, entire,

re} subulate petals. The lip is obovoid and thick at the obtuse

apex where the tip is abruptly acute and erect. This species is uncommon in

southwesternmost Colombia, and northwestern Ecuador. Vegetatively the

plants from Ecuador are smaller with shorter inflorescences than those seen

from Colombia.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 111

eeree schmidtchenii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 27: 166,

Bo an smed in honor of its discoverer, G. Schmidtchen, traveller from Dresden, Germany,

who collected in Colombia in 1880.

Syn.: Platystele escobariana Garay, Orquideologia 6: 15, 1

Ety.: Named in honor of Sr. Gilberto Escobar of Me dellin, Pose

Sear in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-15

2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 2.5-

6 cm a siontenhe the petiole 1-2.5 cm long, the blade elliptical-obovate, subacute, 0.5-0.9 cm

wide, the base narrowly cuneate bi the petiole rescence a nape ct, a ahrscig distichous,

simultaneously many-flowered raceme, 8-15 cm lo ong including the e nder peduncle 3-5

haa emerging laterally og ‘ie panei floral bracts loose, atlas 1.5-2 mm long;

pedicels 0.75-3.5 mm long; ovary winged, more o less papillose, 0.25 mm long; sepals translu-

cent _ yellow-green, glabrous, ge | — acuminate, the dorsa 1 sepal 2-4 mm long, 0.4-0.9

mm wide, 1-veined, the lateral sepals ue, more or less parallel, connate ca. 0.5 mm, 2-4 mm

lon, nei 0.6-0.75 mm wide; pe nace light yellow-green, glabrous, narrowly ovate, acute,

nega 2-3.25 mm long, 0. m wide; lip yellow or rose, cellular-glandular, ovate,

subacute to obtuse, 0.9 mm long, 0.6 mm ages le, concave on the truncate, basal end below a low,

tse, basal callus, attached to the column-foot; column thinly cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 05

mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Tolima: without locality, G. Schmidichen, s.n. ey at B); Dept. of

Antioquia: Frontino, collected by Janet Kuhn, flowered in cultivation b & A. Jesup in Bris-

tol, CT., 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer 12842 (MO). Dept. of Caldas: Alto de a above Anserma, alt.

1800 m, 2 Nov. 1883, F. C. Lehmann 3285 (G); Anserma, alt. 2000 m, G. Escobar 155 (type of P.

escobariana: AMES); without locality, flowered in aaa by M. & O. Robledo at La Ceja,

15 Oct. lis C. Luer 2043 (SEL).

ECU. rov. of Morona-Santiago: bie de los rios Negro y Chupianza, trail from Sevilla

de Oro to aenten, between Hda. Chontal and Sta. Elena, alt. 3400-4600 ft., 1 Nov. 1944, W. HH.

Camp E-813 (AMES, NY). Prov. i ra, 20 Apr. 1972, H. Lugo S. ae (AMES); near

Puyo, flowered in cultivation by Joe peer oe 1975, C. Luer 470 (SEL). Prov. of Tungura-

hua: Volc4n Tungurahua, May 1984 02 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 12744.

BOLIVIA: Dept. of Cochabamba: raed eee del Sillar between Cochabamba and Villa

Tunari, alt. 1700 m, Aug. 1979, R. Vasquez 175 (SEL).

This species was first described by Schlechter from a collection by G.

Schmidtchen from the Central Cordillera of Colombia. It is fairly frequent

and it occurs over a wide distribution in both the western and central cordil-

leras and the eastern declivities of the Andes in Ecuador and Bolivia.

Platystele schmidtchenii is variable in size: a larger-flowered form with the

sepals 4 mm long was described as P. schmidtchenii, and a smaller-flowered

oS with the sepals 2 mm long was described later as P. escobariana. The lips

of both forms are of the same size. The sepals of both forms are acuminate,

the laterals more or less approximate and connate basally. An even greater

variation in size is permitted in several other species of Platystele, e.g. P.

examen-culicum, P. oxyglossa and P. pedicellaris.

se Ae schneideri P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 14: 24, 1979.

_- Named in honor of Martin Schneider, student of Colombian orchids.

Plant very small, oe densely caespitose; roots comparatively thick. = erect,

slender, 4-6 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

10-20 mm long including the petiole 3-5 mm long, the blade narrowly Reled-dnpase, suba-

cute, 4-6 mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the Sie se Inflorescence a subdense, flex-

uous, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme o 6 cm long, 2-3 flowers open simulta-

neously, borne by a weak, slender a cle 10-15 mm ae floral bracts thin, 0.5 mm long;

pedicels 1.5-2 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long, subcostate; sepals translucent greenish white,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 61. Platystele schmidtchenii Schltr.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 62. Platystele schneideri P. Ortiz

114 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

broadly ovate, obtuse, lightly acuminate, the dorsal sepal 1.5 mm long, 1.1 mm wide, 1-veined

the lateral sepals oblique, 1.2 mm long, 0.9 mm wide, a to near the base; petals als translucent

greenish white, pioggeP tae se — ay 1.3 mm long, 0.25 mm wide; lip greenish white,

—— Sets , subpa e, 1.2 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the apex ghunege acute, the

basal occupied bya thick, pene callus ty mm long, broader than the blade; column cucul-

late at prises apex, with see gynostemium elongated, 0.6 mm long, the stigma bilobed, the foot 0.2

mm long.

pe sg Dept. of Cundinamarca: Santandercito, alt. ca. 2400 m, 24 Feb. 1968, P. Ortiz 48

: COL); same _ 16 June 1949, M. Schneider 392 (COL); — Rambla near Santand-

er, m4 June 1949, M. Schneider 495 (S); above Sibaté near Soacha, alt., 3000 m, 3 Feb. 1883, F. C.

Let : : ;

8 (M 10, Quebradona,

Colom borqui ideas, 10 Apr. 1988, C. Luer 13150 (MO). Dept. of Boyaca: between Arcabuco and

ee alt. ro m, 19 July 1969, P. Ortiz 4053 (Herb. P. Ortiz). Dept. of Cauca: moist forest

800 m, 20 Oct. 1883, F. C. Lehmann 3361 (G); San Antonio, San José, alt.

m, 28 June e 1922, F. W. Pennell & E. P. Killip 7320 (AMES); El Tambo, June 1971, P.

Ortiz 4130 (Herb. P. Ortiz).

This very small-flowered species is widely distributed in all three cordil-

leras of Colombia. It was first collected by Consul Lehmann in 1883, but his

collections lay unidentified in European herbaria. It was recently recognized

by Padre Ortiz from a recent collection by Martin Schneider. Platystele

schneideri is closely allied to P. microtatantha of Costa Rica, but P. schneideri

is distinguished by a longer, looser inflorescence, and a lip with a basal callus

as broad as or broader than the blade of the lip.

Piatystele — Luer, Phytologia 46: 356, 1980.

Ei e Latin spatulatus, “‘shaped like a spoon, spatulate, or spathulate,” referring to

the ce = the leaves.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.5-1 cm

et id by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf e ved i gorront: paar

e, 24 cm long including a petiole 1-2 cm cm long, the blade celtic

wide, cuneate below into the petiole loose, ensina

distichous, mpecnpg sa REO raceme up to 18 cm long including the filiform peduncle

3-4 cm long, up to 5 flowe from the ramicaul;

floral bracts thin, 1- a mm ic tena pedicels 4-7 mm long; ovary 05 mm long, tricos tricostate; se

and petals reflexed, translucent pale yellow-green, glabrous, the dorsal sepal broadly ovate,

co! , obtuse, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide, the on pelecstay ovate, oblique, acute, 2 mm long, 1

ree to the base; petals narrowly ova acute, 2 mm long, 0.5 mm wir

res-purle pee, suborbicular, thick, sauisiindiios with an obtuse, erect apex, 1

long, 1.25 mm wide, the disc slightly concave centrally, the base subtruncate, fixed to the

mika column cucullate, 0.5 mm long and broad, the stigma red, bilobed, the foot

mentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: epiphytic in cloud forest above Mindo, alt. 2200 m, 11 Nov.

1979, C. Luer, J. Luer & A. Hirtz 4751 (Holotype: SEL).

This species is ce pareere endemic in the forests of the western slopes of

Mt. Pichincha where it has been found on only one occasion. Vegetatively it is

distinct with the os iuibaces leaves. The sepals and petals of the tiny

flowers are reflexed, the backs of the lateral sepals touching. The proportion-

ately large, thick, rounded lip studded with large cells protrudes rigidly from

the center of the flower. The sides of the lip seem to be revolute to create the

unusual thickness.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 115

Plate 63. Platystele spatulata Luer

116 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele stellaris Luer, Selbyana 5: 156, 1979.

Ety.: From the Latin stellaris, “like a star,” in allusion to the shape of the flower.

small, epiphytic, pir sees roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 0.5-1.5 cm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf e erect, coriaceous, 2-3 cm long including a

petiole 1-1.5 cm long, the blade gaat elliptical-obovate, subacute, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, n

cuneate below into the Petiole. Inflorescence a weak, eres, distantly and successively few-

red t

a >

peduncle 4-5 cm long, emerging lateral-

ly from = aR floral bracts thin, 1.5 > mm long; pedicels 5-7 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;

sepals an milar, igang pale tan with the midvein red-brown, ei us (microscop-

wd cect) ovate, acute, long-acuminate, the dorsal sepal 15 mm long, 3.5 mm wide,

he lateral sepals oblique, Bust 3.5 mm wide, free to the base; petals 11 mm long, 25 mm

ae lip pars asl ovate, acute, slightly acu: eS — cellular-glandular, 5 mm long, 2.5

mm wide, the disc shallowly concave centrally, wi og cordate callus at the base, the base _

rounded, flattened on the end, fixed to the column fot column ages 05 mm sa 15 mm

broad

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: epiphytic on low mea On a wet embankment n

alt. ca. 2400 m, 1 Feb. 1978, C. Luer & J. Luer 2. 409 (Holotype: SEL); epiphytic in aut forest

tween Calacali and La Liberia, alt. 2100 m, 7 Apr. 1984, C. Luer, S S. Dalstrém, T. Héijer & A.

Hirtz 10010 (MO).

This attractive species is apparently endemic in the forests of the western

slopes of Mt. Pichincha where it has been encountered several times. The

habit is similar to that of many other species, but the large, star-shaped flow-

ers with Jong-acuminate, red-brown-veined sepals and petals easily distinguish

the species.

Hapa stenostachya (Reichb. f.) Garay, peeaiengetad 8: 520, 1962.

Bas.: Pleurothallis stenostachya Reichb. f., Linnaea 18: 399

Ety.: From the Greek stenostachys, “‘a narrow spike,” hie toa slender part of the inflo-

rescence,

Syn.: Pleurothallis dubia A. Rich & Gal., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. 3(3): 16, 1845.

Ety.: From the Latin dubius, “doubtful, ” probably concerning the author's opinion of the

species.

Syn.: Pleurothallis minuti Saad Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 1888.

Ety.: From the Latin gps sete! flowered,” referring to the size of the flowers.

gue ocenN lara Helis pepsin: Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 667, 1891.

(Reichb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 2: 668, 1891.

Syn.: Pleurothallis mariah Le. & Kt, sami 3 ‘Syst. 26: 445, 1899.

Ety.: From the Greek myrianthos, “ve ” referring to the floriferous habit.

Syn.: Pleurothallis lankesteri Neate Bull Mize Inform. 210, 1914.

Ety.: Named in honor of E. Af

Syn: Phmcdhllk ible vet, plnahe Crhen 8 a rt. Nov. Regni

Veg. Beih. 17: 20, 1922. Bi a

Syn.: Pleurothallis stenostachya vat. lankesteri (Rolfe) Ames, Sched. Orchid. 7: 31, 1924.

Plant small, epiphytic, densely caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 5-55 mm

long, partially enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, im imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 10-55

mm long including the petiole 5-20 mm long, the blade na ellipti te, subacute, 3-8

mm wide, the base narrowly cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence racemose, Bir. enim,

distichous, successively several-fl mes up to 33 mm long, 14 flowers open

ously, borne by a suberect, slender peduncle 3-15 mm long, from near the the ramicaul;

floral bracts thin, 1 mm long; pedicels 15-25 mm long; ovary 0.5-1 mm long, 3-angled; sepals

light yellow-green to orange, ovate, acute to subacute or obtuse, 1-ve the dorsal

ined.

sepal concave, 1.25-15 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 1.25-1.75 mm long,

Oe ee ee ey ee ee

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

117

Plate 64. Platystele stellaris Luer

118 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

0.5-0.9 mm wide, connate near the base; petals translucent yellow to orange, elliptical-obovate to

narrowly triangular, acute, 0.9-1.25 mm long, 0.15-0.4 mm wide; lip orange, red, purple to pur-

ple-black, thick, cellular-glandular, elliptical, 115 mm long, 0.6-0.75 mm wide, the apex round-

ed, the base subtruncate, with a small glenion column cucullate, 0.5 mm long and broad, the

md tal a noded kh f, + 4s ¢

MEXICO: Temperirtes, Leibold 20 (Herb. Schidi.); Edo. Chiapas: Monte Libano, east of Oco-

singo, 17 Ke 1954, R. L. Dressler 1438 alan 20 Aug. 1954, R. L. poleere 1698 (AMES),

without locality, 18 June 1976, E. Greenwood 217 (SEL). ant ae road Moan to San

tonio, alt. 800 m, 6 July 1939, R. E. Schultes 800 (AMES). Ed ra Cruz: on rocks between

mosses, alt. 3-4000 ft., 1840, Galeotti 5 168 (G, K); Zacuapan, Dec. 1 ori 2c. epee 08 (G);

same area, 12 Aug. 1933, C. A. Purpus 2995 (AMES); near Zacuapén, alt. ca. 900 m, 29 Aug.

1932, O. Nagel 1318 (MO, ony near Huatusco, alt. ca. 1000 m, 22 Sept. 1954, rayenee Johnson

954-25 (SEL). Xalapa Leibold 547 (K). Mirador, Aug. 1841, Liebman 344 (K).

BELIZE: Stann Creek einen alt. 100 ft., 20 Feb. 1929, W. A. Schipp 843 ample Stann

Creek District, 21 Dec. 1937, P. H. Gentle 2155 (AMES, sage id ure east of San P. M.

Catling & V. R. Ponosl B22 22 (AMES, DAO). Without locality, 1912, M. E. Peck 498 age

GUATEMALA: Dept. of Alta Verapaz: Cubilquitz, Aug. 1900, ik; von Tiirckheim 7783 (AMES).

Dept. of raeheed a nee from the coast, alt. 175 ft., 3 Sept. 1930, age ig Ward Lewis 3

42018 (AMES). 1 oe i Petén: Tis, alt. 300 m, 15 Nov. 194. pyres a7 (SEL); same

area, 24 Oct. 1969, R. T. Ortiz 381 (MO); same area, alt. ag 1981, C. Luer & J. Luer

5861 (SEL); Chocén forests, flowered in cultivation, Aug. 1887, S. Watson s.n. (AMES, ie of P.

pap around Matasano and Retaluleu , alt. 1000 “> 19 June 1882, F. C. Lehmann 1598 (K,

Dept. of Retatulen: near Matasano and Bola de Oro, alt. 1000 m, cc Jun2

- ss Lehmann 1598 (G).

HONDURAS: Dept. Atlantida: Lancetilla Valley near Tela, alt. 200-600 m, 6 Dec. 1927, P. C.

Standley 54346 (AMES). Dept. of Comayagua: Pito Solo, alt. 200 ft., 8 Aug. 1932, J. B. Edwards

221 (AMES). Dept. of Cortés: El Jaral, Lake Yajoa, alt. 2000 ft., 2 Nov. = J. B. Edwards 302

(K); Rio Micigere alt. 630 m, 13 Dec. 1946, L. O. Willi & A.

11368 (AMES, MO); Rio Lindo near Peja Blanca, 2 Apr. 1947, P. H. Allen 1449 (SEL). Dept. of

Olancho: Rio Olanc cho, alt. 350-400 m, 8 pe pel T. Croat & D. Hannon 64518 (MO).

NICARAGUA: Zelaya: Rio Prinzapolka, 00 m, Pipoly 4783 (MO); Rosita, J. Atwood, Mar-

shall & Neill 6986

COSTA

(MO).

RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: La Ventolera, 17 Feb. 1924, P. C. Standley 34749 aries

Prov. of Cartago: Orosi, 30 Mar. 1924, P. 39845 (. ). Prov. of Guanacaste:

SF alt. 680-780 m, 21 Jan. 1930, C. W. Dodge & W. S. Thomas 6367 i Prov. =

én: 3 Km east of Finca oe 1972, R. L. Dressler, R. Andrews Kennedy 4155

Osh Prov. of San José: vicini neral, alt. 850 m, Jan. 1936, A. F. shee 2397 (AMES,

K, MO, SEL). Without Ppt sad flowed in cultivation at Kew, 24 July 1923, C. H.

Lankester s.n. (K, type of P.

PANAMA: Prov. of Ch Chisieut Boquete, alt. 1200-1500 m, 24 July 1940, R. E. Woodson & R. V.

Sherry 800 (AMES, MO); Boquete, alt. 5000 ft., 23 July 1959, L ity — cg J.

& J. Ebinger 1070 (MO); Fortuna dam site, Aug. 1971

alt. 1700 m, 14 Dec. 1976, C. Luser, A, Luer, R. L.

rande, alt.

m, date 1967, W. H. Lewis, R. K. Baker, B. Mc & R. Oliver 2213 (MO ).

OLOMBIA: Dept. of Chocé: between Quibdé and Bolivar, Aug. 1964, & V. Hascall

256 (COL). Dept. of Valle del Cauca: Cérdoba, de nse forest, alt. 50-100 m, 17 Feb. 1939, E. P.

illip & H. Garcia 33407A (AMES); Hoya del Rio Sanquinini, La Laguna, alt. 1250-1400 m, 10

4 = : gv ilapetion okey . 1956, E. Asplund 20002 (S);

below Rio Negro, alt. 1200 m, 6 Mar. Sen i se i ‘aud a

31 July 1975, C. Luer, G. Luer & S. Wilhelm = (SEL). Prov. of Tungurahua: Churosinguna

region, alt. 1550 m, 21 Jan. sito eta nga ‘5 (AMES).

VENEZUE ar Duaca, alt. 1700 m, July 1961, G

Peninsula d fe Pasta, Cenc de ‘io 0, alt. 1060 m, 1 Mar. ca af phacbealiragereoe dh (WEN)

Peninsula de Paria, above Las ning alt. 730-1050 ~ 1 Dec. 1979 , J. A. Steyermark & R.

Pesinsula de Paria, Cerro de Hi mo, alt. 1060 m, Rio Tacarigua, alt.

Liesner Carrefio E. 121625 (MO, VEN); same area,

asap to summit of ridge, alt. 700-900 m, 23 Feb. 1980, J.

fi 629 (MO), C. Luer illustr. 14455. ee

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 119

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Plate 65. Platystele stenostachya (Reichb. f.) Garay

120 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This variable species, widely distributed from Mexico into Ecuador, is one

of the most common species of the genus in Middle America, and one of the

most common species of all the orchids in Middle America. It is no surprise

that it was the first species of the genus to be described.

In addition to the marked degree of variation in the sizes of the vegetative

parts, the floral parts are also very variable in size, and in color. The sepals

vary from acute to obtuse. A Costa Rican form with a deep purple lip was de-

scribed as Pleurothallis lankesteri. Usually the minute flowers are produced

successively, but often two or three occur simultaneously in short racemes that

emerge from near the apex of elongated ramicauls, The thick, ovate lip, about

as large as the lateral sepals, is covered by large, capitate cells.

Platystele stevensonii Luer, Selbyana 3: 234, 1977.

Named i

K of F L Stevenson, of Chamblee, Georgia, who discovered and success-

fully cultivated this species.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 3-5 mm long,

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricati Leaf erect, coriaceous, petiolate, 10-20 mm

long including a petiole 3-4 mm long, the blade narrowly elliptical-obovate, subacute to obtuse,

3-5 mm wide, narrowly cuneate below into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect to suberect, loose,

distichous, flexuous, successivel y many-flowered raceme 5-15 cm long including the filiform

peduncle ca. 2 cm long, emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts oblique, 0.75 mm

i 0 mm long; ova long; sepals translucent li i

light brown, narrowly ovate, acute, long-acuminate, glabrous, the lvonceicie cake

the dorsal sepal 2.5-3.75 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, the lateral sepals oblique, 3-3.5 mm long, 08-1

mm wide, free to the base; petals colored as the sepals, narrowly linear-ovate, acute shortly

ciliate, 2-3 mm long, 0.2-0.5 mm wide; lip red, fleshy, cellular. -glandular, iptical I iy so wit

the apex rounded, 1-1.25 mm long, 0.6-0.75 mm wide, the base disc shallowly sulcate, the base

subtruncate-concave with a small gienion, to the column-foot; cok cucullate, he eet

long, 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: without locality, F L Stevenson 61874-12, flowered in cultivation 18 J

Luer 318 (Holotype: SEL). Prov. of Morona-Santiago: east of Paute, oe kk

1977, C. Luer, J. > G. Luer & A. Andreetta 1681 (SEL); forest 3 Km north Macas,

m, 15 Jan. 1989, C. Luer, J. Luer, P. Jesup, A Jesup & A. 1 ronapatod alia

Cutucd, between Mendez and Morona, alt. 950 m, 17 Jan. 1989, C.

Jesup Hirtz 13962 (MO). Prov. of Pastaza: betwee gro and

Mar. 1984, C. Luer, S. Dalstrém, T Hoéijer & J. Kuijt 9780 (MO). Prov. of Tungurahua: be

} i J

ipe: x

A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 11944 (MO); Cordillera del Condor east of

1500 m, 19 May 1988, C. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores, A. Andreetta & W. Teague 13488 (MO).

Thi p is idely listributed i hern Ecuador. It is recognized by th

hairlike racemes of spindly flowers, with the narrowly ovate, acuminate Rica

and petals minutely ciliate, and the fleshy, elliptical lip with a rounded apex.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 66. Platystele stevensonii Luer

122 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele stonyx Luer, sp. nov.

Ety: From the Greek stonyx, “a sharp point,” referring to the lip.

Planta mediocris caespitosa, racemo laxo disticho minutifloro foliis petiolatis multilongiore,

sepalis an nguste ovatis acuminatis, petalis anguste linear-ovatis et labello anguste ovato late

canaliculato apice acuto.

Plant small to medium in size for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

slender, erect, 4-10 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, petio-

late, 15-4 cm long including the petiole 0.S-15 cm long, the blade elliptical, subacute to obtuse,

is mm wide, the base cuneate = the slend: er petiole. Inflorescence a weak, loose, distichous,

4¢ e

uccessively many-flowered race to 3 cm

long, a aati B83 the ramicaul; floral bract 1-2 mm long; p pedicel 2: 25-4 mm long;

0.75 mm

to microscopi-

ciliate, very narrowly linea _ ‘ag acuminate, 3.5-5 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide at the

base; lip purple, cellular-giandular, thick, narrowly ovoid, acute, 2-35 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm

the margins Tounded, scsi revolute onto the back pease disc broadly channeled distal

long, 0.75 mm

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Narifio: east of La Cocha, alt. 3000 m, 26 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & R.

Escobar 12519 (Holotype: MO); Intend. of Putumayo: between San Francisco and Mocoa, alt.

2100 m, 27 Jan. 1987, C. Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 12547 (SEL); between La Cocha and Sibun-

doy, alt. es July 1978, C. Luer, J. Luer, R. Escobar et al. 3104 (SEL).

ECUADOR: Prov. of Carchi: cloud forest above M ariano Acosta, alt. 3400 m, 9 Feb. 1979, C.

Luer, J. Luer & R. Escobar 3959 (SEL);

Platystele stonyx occurs in southern Colombia and northernmost Ecuador.

two taxa overlapping in northern Ecuador. Platystele stonyx is distinguished by

the microscopically cellular-glandular, long-acuminate sepals; similar, nar-

rowly linear petals; and a thick, narrowly ovoid, acute lip that is superficially

but or channeled down the center beyond a basal callus with a prominent

gleni

Platystele taylorii Luer, Selbyana 3: 30, 1976.

Ety.: Named in honor of Peter Taylor of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew, who first

discovered this species.

extremely grt epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slen

Plant ¢ der, 1-5 mm

long, enclosed et 1-2 thin, tubular, sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 4-13 mm long including a

= blade e

tiole 1-3 mm long, the lliptical-obovate, obtuse, 2.5-5 mm wide, cuneate below into the

iole. apt 1 s raceme up to 30 mm

ae including the filiform peduncle 3-10 mm long, produced laterally from the ramica

bracts thin, 0.5 mm ayers pedicels 15 mm long;

ate,

; floral

rageuh 0.3 mm long; sepals translucent light

ovate, acute, acu: the dorsa 0.6

Minate, 15-18 mm truncate, attached to

the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.2 mm long, 0.4 mm broad, the sti

pe noel g, ¢ stigma bilobed, the foot

: 4M 1976, rng ap ieee ppg rhea trunks along the Altos de Pacora road, al

a eee er, r & R. L. Dressler 74.

Cerro Jefe, 6 Aug. 1968, R. L. Dressler 3569 (MO Moy, 1 (Holotype: SEL); La Encida,

ECUADOR: Prov. of El Oro: epiphytic in cloud forest above

C. Luer, J. Luer, A. Hirtz, W. Flores & A. Embree 12031 (MO). above Zaruma, alt. 1800 m, 23 Feb. 1986,

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 123

Plate 67. Platystele stonyx Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 68. Platystele taylorii Luer

This species is reminiscent of a minute form of Platystele oxyglossa,

that the lip is larger than the sepals. Although so far identified from Sou ak

=. sat Dp in eastern Panama and the other in southeastern Ecuador, it

undoubtedly occurs rie It is difficult to find because of

falct cued caicaa aa. of the minute

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 125

shee anced teaguei Luer, Selbyana 5: 157, 1979.

ty.: Named in honor of Walter Teague of San Francisco, CA., who discovered this species.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, densely fe SN roots coarse. Ramicauls erect, slender,

1-2 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, neooprt petiolate,

3-7 cm long including a petiole 05-25 cm ee the blade elliptical-obovate with the apex obtuse

to rounded, 1-1.7 cm fest the base cuneate into the petiole. Renanatiee an erect, loose,

subsecund, lowered race: lowers open simultaneously, up to 8

translucen|

striped with red-purple along the veins, sparsely short-pubescent, the dorsal sepal ovate, 115

mm long, 2 mm wide, ene the apex acute, long-acuminate into a penget tai

sepals ovate, oblique, 13 mm long, 2 mm wide, 2-veined, connate 2.5 m apices acute,

acuminate into fi pry — og white with a purple midvein, elliptical ech the middle,

us, ong, 1 ha rig beng: ip dant pe into a filiform tail; lip rose,

suffused with ioe. cnibcoctels, 35 mm long, 1.75 mm wide, the apex rounded and concave

with involute margins toward the center of the disc, the dise with a glenion at he base, the

lobes , incurved, embracing the column, the base fixed to the column-foot; column cucul-

late, 1 mm long, 1 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Imbabura: epiphytic i in cloud forest above Apuela, alt. ca. 3000 m, July

1977, collected by W. Teague, flowered in a or ag in ope Francisco, CA. 21 Apr. 1979, C.

Luer 4059 (Holotype: SEL); Notes, alt. 3400 m, Apr. 1 679 (MO).

One of the more attractive species of the genus, P. teaguei is apparently

confined to a small area high on the western declivity of the Andes of Ecuador

where it has been found on only a few occasions. The white, red-striped, long-

tailed sepals and petals are distinctive.

Platystele umbellata P. Ortiz, Orquideologia 12: 136, 1977.

Ety.: From the Latin ummbellatus, “umbellate,” referring to the inflorescence.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls oe slender, 10-15

mm long, partially enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbrcating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous,

spathulate, petiolate, 24.5 cm long including the petiole ca. 1 cm long, the blade elliptical-spa-

thulate with the a rounded, 0.7-1.5 cm wide, the base bata vides the petiole. Inflorescence

a very Ra i subumbellate, nee ERS 5- to 9-flowered ae about 1 mm long,

borne by an erect, slender peduncle 10-15 mm long, e — soil from above the middle of

the ramicaul; floral bracts loose, sea ets oblique, 1 mm long; pedice

0.5 mm long; sepals translucent red-purple, ogee broadly en eng the

— sepal 1 mm long, ee mm wide, the lateral free to the base. long, 0.8 m

petals translucent urple, ciliate, elliptical, i e, 0.8 mm lon tes epe wide; lip

ek thick, poor sea ovate-suborbicular with the apex eae 1 mm long, 0.9 mm

wide, the base rounded, with a small gienion, attached to the column- column cucullate, 0.3

mm long, 0.7 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the foot rudimentary.

: Dept. of sors Munic. of Cocorna, “Vallesol,” alt. 600 m, Mar, 1977, flow-

COLOMBIA:

ered in cultivation by L. C. Vieira in Medellin, P. Ortiz 916 (Holotype: COL); flowered in cl

vation by M. & O. ake 14 Oct. 1977, C. Luer 2040 (SEL).

This species was described from a collection at a relatively low altitude in

the Central Cordillera of Colombia. A collection of a similar but different

species (P. ortiziana) from Bahia Solano near the Pacific coast was mentioned

as additional material examined and a photograph of this additional material

was published on page 147 in the article in which P. umbellata was described.

¢ umbel of P. umbellata is composed of several, overlapping, minute,

simultaneous flowers, one of the smallest of the genus. The tiny, obtuse sepals

and petals are ciliate, and the ovate, cellular-glandular lip is a trifle larger than

the lateral sepals, the margins are not revolute, and the apex is rounded.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 69. Platystele teaguei Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

fe no

Noe: ae

ferme

Os ee

tS CR .

2mm

Plate 70. Platystele umbellata P. Ortiz

128 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Platystele vetulus Luer & Hirtz, sp. no

Ety: From the Latin vetulus, “a little, old ae referring to the long, white hairs of the

Planta peek Cae Facemo laxo disticho deinceps | multifloro foliis petiolatis multilong-

iore, sepa lis

epiphytic, caespitose; roots filiform. Ramicauls slender, erect, 5-8 mm long,

Peder pe rs tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 20-30 mm long ‘aciotiog

ihe petiole 10-20 mm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 5-6 mm wide, the base cuneate into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence a weak, loose, distichous, successively many-flowered raceme up

to 15 cm — mgr ent the capillary peduncle ca. 3 cm long, emerging nage ony the rami-

caul; floral bract g; pedicel 3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long; sepa te, long-ciliate,

ovate, the acute on ae inate, 1-veined, the dorsal sepal 3.5 mm secon | mm wide, the

lateral sepals 3 mm — 1 mm wide; petals white, long ciliate, very narrowly ovate, acute,

acuminate, beg mm long, 0.25 mm wide; lip white, long-ciliate, suborbicular below the middle,

1.25 mm .6 mm wide, the acute apex acuminate, nearly as long as the blade; column 05

mm long.

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: epiphytic in cloud forest above Chiriboga, alt. 2000 m, Sept.

1984, A. Hirtz 1902 (Holotype: MO), C. Luer illustr. 11297.

The long, white, ciliate hairs bordering all the white floral parts are

unique in the genus. Except for the long cilia, the flowers would be similar to

those of several other species, e.g. P. oxyglossa, of the genus.

Platystele viridis Luer, Phytologia 54: 387, 1983.

Ety.: From the Latin viridis, “green,” referring to the color of the flowers.

Plant large for the genus, ig caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 2.5-

3.5 cm long, enclosed by 34 loose, thin, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thinly

coriaceous,

long-petiolate, ee cm long i including a petiole 2-3 cm — the blade n panacng obovate, obtuse,

1.2-15 = ee eate a into the slender petiole. Inflorescence an erect, subdense, simul-

taneously ma me up to 20 cm long i ieciniiing the slender peduncle 6-7 cm long,

a tsteratly from the ta ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 15 mm long; pedicels 2 mm long; ovary

Imm “tris sepals and petals green, glabrous, the prance phonranad. in ovate, narrowly obtuse,

4 mm long, 1.25 mm wide, the lateral sepals similar, parallel, 4 mm long, 1 mm wide, connate 1

mm; petals oblong, oblique, acute, 3 mm long, 1.75 mm wide; lip green, thick, cellular-glandular,

oblong, obtuse, 1.6 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, the base subtruncate with a large, ovoid glenion,

fixed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 0.5 mm long, 0.75 mm broad, the stigma bilobed, the

foot rudimentary.

ECUADOR: without collection data, flowered in cultivation by Mr. and Mrs. H. Phillips Jesup

in Bristol, CT., 8 Macch 1982, C Laer 74 25 (Holotype: SEL).

This species has been in cultivation by Mr. and Mrs. Jesup in Bristol,

Connecticut for many years. Unfortunately, nothing is known about the origin

of the plant, the only information on the label indicating Ecuador. It probably

had been obtained from J & L Orchids in Easton, CT.

Platystele viridis, vegetatively one of the largest of the genus, is character-

ized by a tall inflorescence of numerous, simultaneous, comparatively large,

green flowers. The sepals are ovate, the laterals partially connate, and the lip

is oblong and obtuse with a large, shallow glenion.

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

Plate 71. Platystele vetulus Luer & Hirtz

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 72. Platystele viridis Luer

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 131

Platystele zeus Luer & Hirtz, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named for Zeus, the gr y gical G lympi

Planta pro genere grandis floribus maximis, foliorum marginibus undulatis, sepalis brevi-

pubescentibus, sepalo dorsali ovato longissime caudato, synsepalo longo ovato brevicaudato,

talis is suborbicularibus erosis, labello oblongo pubescenti canaliculato cum lobis basali-

bus columnam amplectentibus.

Plant large for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots stout. Ramicauls erect, 10-15 mm lon

enclosed by 2-3 thin, ribbed, imbricating sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, long-petiolate, 35-5 cm

long including a petiole 1.5-2 cm long, the blade elliptical-ovate with undulate margins, subacut

to obtuse, 1.2-2 cm wide, the base cuneate into the petiole. Inflorescence an erect or suberect,

distantly successively few-flowered raceme, 8-13 cm long including the slender peduncle 5-7 cm

long, emerging laterally from the ramicaul; floral bracts thin, 3 mm long; pedicels 15-20 mm

long; ovary 3 mm long; sepals translucent, suffused with rose, short- iliate, 3-veined,

he dorsal sepal ovate, with the acute apex long-attenuate, 30-40 mm long, 6 mm wide, 3-veined,

the blade 10 mm long, the tail white, tubular, formed by revolute margins, the lateral sepals

connate 25 mm into an ovate lamina, m 9 mm wide, the slender, ca

white, free for 10 mm; petals translucent, suborbicular, obtuse, 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, the

margins minutely erose; lip rose, pubescent, oblong, obtuse, thick, erose, 8 mm long, 3 mm wide,

Pp . ng, , thic

the disc with a longitudinally channeled, with an oblong, lightly channeled callus above the base,

the base with lobes encircling the column, fixed to the column-foot; column cucullate, 1 mm

1 ne +h a2 re SS eS ¢. + Ai +

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pastaza: epiphytic in cloud forest along Rio Zufag, alt. 2400 m, 24 Feb.

1990, A. Hirtz, S. Dalstrém, L. Arnby, J. del Hierro, E. Astorga, S. Ortega & J. Cabezas 4631

(Holotype: MO; Isotype: K).

This species is the greatest known in the genus. It occurs in a remote and

inaccessible region of the eastern slope of the Andes of central Ecuador where

it was recently discovered by an expedition led by Alexander Hirtz. For the

genus the leaves are large with undulate margins and long-petiolate. The

flowers are huge for the genus, 7.5 centimeters between the tips of the tails of

the dorsal and lateral sepals, and borne distantly in a few-flowered raceme.

The sepals are ciliate and shortly pubescent; the petals, small and suborbicu-

lar; and the lip is oblong, pubescent and channeled with basal lobes embracing

the column. ,

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 73. Platystele zeus Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE 133

GLOSSARY

| OF TERMS AS USED IN THE GENUS PLATYSTELE

ieee: ie ag the site where the leaf dehisces (separates) from the ramicaul, separate from

q the a

ring into ny! ga

annulus, a thickened rot surrounding the ramicaul at the emergence of the fonaccatt,

all species o 4

| apicu th smal: m, h pt point

; attenuate, | ong:

-acuminate.

Bas.:, basionym, a name in a different genus or other combination upon which a later name or

combination is based.

caespitose, with abbreviated rhizomes, the ramicauls ‘i or produced in tufts.

callus the disc of th

capsule, a frui

carina, a ane aria or ar an elongated

canaliculate, channeled, sulcate, v with a ‘longitudinal chy

ora ; dular ells, ih cobbl appea

r, wit ominent ndular or capitate cells, with a e-stone rance.

ihnte with ee (Glia) én re

cleist ower rie fertitioed without ning.

congested, the inflorescen ce densely flowered, the flowers closely spaced.

connate, r united.

coriaceous, a texture.

cuneate, wedge-shaped, as applied to the base of the leaf.

dentate, denticulate, with a toothed margin.

f the lip.

distichous’ 8 Jeary in two opposite te ranks.

elliptical, shaped like an ee ry widest at the middle.

entire, with smooth or —

epip iphytic , growing upon ryiant, but = «aga

erose, with the margin arly denti te

Ety.:, etym y, the — of a

slende 4 rasah or cad,

flexible, capable pe being sy and returning to the original state.

‘ flexuose, bent bear pea a opposite

fusiform, elli shaped, widest at the middle.

rous, smooth, ‘without hairs.

aerony a circular structure near or ah = — _- the disc, probably a pollinator enticement.

| sa specimen upon which

ser eee of the bet sorte that is is, pn yaprcaen that is part of the same collection as

carina or keel, Nohara ® thickening or callus.

Z lowered, the ae distantly spaced.

vein, the itudinal structure(s) or rts) of the floral cage

tween the middle

» C28 in outline,

obtuse, ied to the Fo the leaf or floral part, the sides meeting none an angle more than 90°.

in out

te in outline.

i rl

widest between t base and the

papillose red wi — ange, capita =raper

, COVE: or ee itate cells.

pendent, hanging or suspended from it

pubescent, more or less covered with co

pyriform, pear-shaped, —

ramicaul, the “ ” the aerial, leaf-bearing a applied only to pleurothallids.

repent, tangy ha as a Led t toane ted — sceend fare Caespitose.

resupinate, th T bearing. the lip lowermost

secund, of a wach ot one-sided rank

Te ee

-shaped, an obova narrow stalk.

stem, a general term applied to the — (pedicel), ea cmerien (peduncle), or

leaf-st ae, , or the “secondary Bars ramicaul)

miacete, mee a of the apex per ony slight ly less toc 90°.

successive, in succession. as

had ’ rr 'y

sulcate, e channeled, with 2 a tongue sh

paises a poamrege the elongated, narrow

cls pg except

flower part.

for tapering arin round in cross-section.

y at the

Set te ee re ea, eh tS oS

Ere bia

134 ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

REFERENCES

Cuase, M. W. and D. R. PEAcor, 1987.

Stelis Sw. Sw. Lindleyana 2: 91-94.

Crystals of calcium oxalate hydrate on the perianth of

DRESSLER, R. L., 1981. The orchids: natural history and classification. Harvard University Press,

Cambrid

ge.

Luer, C. A., 1986. Icones Pleurothallidinarum 1.

Bot. Missouri

Bot. Gard. 15:

PP cnc of the Picercteatiinns. Monogr.

SCHLECHTER R., 1910. Repert. Spec. Nov. fe Ven etek

INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES

Humboldtia dubia 116

misera 72

pisifera 94

Lepanthopsis 2, 5, 108

dodii 5

Masdevallia 2, 72

Octomeria 2

Ophidion 2

Platystele 1, 2, 3, 4, 8,30, 111

subgen. Platystele 4,8

subgen. Teagueia 2, 4, 13, 92

Platystele acicularis 1, 12, 14, Plate un

aculeata B, 14, Plate 2.

acutilingua 10,17, Plate 3., 46

altarica 11, 17,20, Plate 4,

alucitae 13,20, Plate 5.

argentosa 1, 3, 10, 22, Plate 6., 40

aurea

brasiliensis 6, 85

brenneri 11, 22, Plate 4, 4

bulbinella 1, 2, 4, 6, 30

calantha 11, 25, Plate 8.

— 9, 27, Plate 9,

11, 25, 27, Plate 10., 96

eae. 2, 4, 5, 10, 30, Plate 11.

consobrina 1, 10, 32, Plate 12., 72

crinita 1, 11, 34, Plate 13

cuculigera 6, 20

culex Luer 6, 43, 46

dasyglossa 9, 34, Plate 14.

densiflora 10, 37, Plate 15.

dodsonii 9, 37, Plate 16.

dressleri 10, 40, Plate 17.

edmundoi 9, 40, Plate 18.

enervis 12, 43, cnn 19.

escobariana 6,

camer calcu . 13, 43, Plate 20.,

ie 1, 12, 46, Plate 21., 75

fimbriata 1, 12, 48, Plate 22., 108

gemmula 6, 64

gyroglossa 9, 48, Plate 23., 72

halbingeriana 6, 67

hirtzii 13, 51, Plate 24.

hypsitera 6, 94

jesupiorum 12, 51, Plate 25.

johnstonii 3, 8, 25, 54, Plate 26.

jungermannioides 2, 8, 43, 56, Plate 27.,

lancilabris 2, 9, 56, Plate 28., 89, 92

londonoana 10, 59, Plate 29.

lycopodioides 1, 12, 61, Plate 30.

megaloglossa 12, 61, Plate 31.

microglossa 11, 64, Plate 32., 96

microscopica 12, 64, Plate 33.

microtantha sphalmate 67

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

microtatantha 12, 67, Plate 34., 114

minimiflora 1, 8, 67, Plate 35., 83

misasiana 9, 70, Plate 36.

misera 10, 32, 72, Plate 37.

muscicola 1, 11, 72, Plate 38.

myoxura 1, 12, 75, Plate 39.

orchestris 11, 77, Plate 40.

orectoglossa 10, 13, 77, Plate 41.

ornata 9, 80, Plate 42.

ortiziana 1, 9, 34, 80, Plate 43., 125

ovalifolia 8, 61, 70, 83, Plate 44.

ovatilabia 9, 12, 51, 85, Plate 45.

oxyglossa 1,2, 4, 13, 17, 37, 40, 46, 59,

85, Plate 46., 89, 92, 94, 98, 102,

111, 128

pedicellaris 2, 11, 89, Plate 47.

perpusilla 9, 89, Plate 48., 105

phasmida 13, 92, Plate 49.

pisifera 11, 13, 14, 94, Plate 50.

porphyroglossa 7, 48

posadarum 4,31, "64, 96, Plate 51.

propinqua 10, 12, 89, 96, Plate 52.

aarp ie 99, Plate 53.

pygmaea 7

pyriformis 1 een Plate 54.

rauhii 10, 13, 102, Plate 55.

reflexa 10, 102, Plate 56.

repens 8, 105, Plate 57.

resimula 1, 12, 48, 105, Plate 58., 108

rex 13, 108, Plate 59.

rhinocera 1, 12, 48, 105, 108, Plate 60.

schmidtchenii 2, 9, 40, 111, Plate 61.

schneideri 12, 67, 111, Plate 62.

schulzeana 7, 85

spatulata 12, 114, Plate 63.

stellaris 13, 116, Plate 64.

stenostachya 1, 9, 10, 102, 116, Plate 65.

stevensonii 11, 120, Plate 66.

stonyx 1, 13, 14, 122, Plate 67.

taylorii 10, 89, 122, Plate 68

teaguei 4, 5, 13, 125, Plate 69.

umbellata 9, 34, 82, 125, Plate 70.

vetulus 1, 12, 128, Plate 71.

viridis 9, 40, 128, Plate 72.

xiphochila 7

zeus 1, 13, 131, Plate 73.

Pleurothallis 1, 2, 30, 72

subgen. Pleurothallis 2

subgen. Specklinia 2

Pleurothallis oo 30

dubia 1, 11

var. eitantie 116

johnstonii 1, 54

jungermannioides 2, 56

lancilabris 56

var. oxyglossa 85

lankesteri 116, 120

microtatantha 1, 67

minimiflora 2, 67

minutiflora 116

ovalifolia 83

stenostachya 116

var. lankesteri 116

vaginulata 83

Scaphosepalum 2

clavellatum 56

Stelis 2, 3, 30

compacta 1, 2, 4, 30

lancilabris 1, 2, 30, 56

ovalifolia 1, 83

patula 56

Trichosalpinx xiphochila 7

Trisetella 2