SYSTEMATIC^ OF THE GENUS

LEPANTHOPSIS (ORCHIDACEAE)

The genus Lepanthopsis (Cogn.) Ames is described and a key to the sec¬

tions and species is given. Each species is described and illustrated with a black

and white drawing, and a distribution map is included for each.

The first species of Lepanthopsis to be described was PleurothaUis floripec-

ten by Professor Reichenbach in 1854 from a collection near Caracas, Vene¬

zuela by the traveler Hermann Wagener. In 1859, Lindley included this spe¬

cies in a subdivision entitled Lepanthiformes in the Elongatae , one of his 12

“sections” of PleurothaUis R. Br. (Lindley also included a subdivision entitled

Lepanthiformes in his sections Acuminatae and Brachystachyae .) Lepanthopsis

floripecten has proved to be the most widely distributed and one of the most

common species of the genus. It was the only species of Lepanthopsis to have

been recognized when Lindley published his Folia Orchidaceae.

The next two species of the future genus Lepanthopsis to be described

were the Antillean PleurothaUis microlepanthes in 1864 by Grisebach, and P.

melanantha in 1865 by Reichenbach. Reichenbach followed them with P.

anthoctenium in 1876. Joao Barbosa Rodrigues described the next as Lepan-

thes densiflora in 1891, and the sixth species, P. astrophora, was added post¬

humously for Reichenbach in 1892 by Kranzlin.

Alfred Cogniaux, professor of natural history at Venders, Belgium, and

vice-consul to Brazil, first recognized and described Lepanthopsis as a section

of PleurothaUis in his work on the Orchidaceae in Martius’ Flora Brasiliensis

in 1896. He separated two species from the others of PleurothaUis on the

basis of elongated secondary stems (ramicauls) with sheaths dilated and ciliate

at the ostia; a densely racemose inflorescence, distichous or secund; membra¬

nous sepals, the laterals connate; and a very short, broad, footless column.

The two species he included were PleurothaUis congestiflora Cogn. (a new epi¬

thet for the Lepanthes densiflora of Barbosa Rodrigues) and PleurothaUis uni¬

lateralis Cogn. (a new epithet for the Lepanthes secunda of Barbosa Ro¬

drigues, but synonymous with Reichenbach’s PleurothaUis floripecten).

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

; section Lepanthopsis in the Orchidaceae Antill-

anae of the Symbolae Antillanae edited by Urban, 1910, but included only P.

anthoctenium , leaving P. melanantha and P. microlepanthes in section Lepan-

thiformes. He described still another as a new species in Lepanthes, L. serrula¬

te. In the 1912 edition of Symbolae Antillanae, Cogniaux added three more

species in Pleurothallis: P. barahonensis, P. constanzensis, and P. fuertesii.

Professor Oakes Ames elevated section Lepanthopsis to the generic level

in 1933, at which time he recognized only five of the ten species already de¬

scribed. These remaining five species were transferred to Lepanthopsis by

Garay in 1962, a sixth transfer to Lepanthopsis being the Cuban Lepanthes

blepharophylla Griseb. Unaware of Ames’ elevation of Lepanthopsis to the

generic level, Hoehne made the same proposal in 1936.

Today 37 species are known to constitute the genus. They are widely dis¬

tributed in the moist tropical forests from southern Mexico to southern Brazil

and the Greater Antilles, but the greatest concentration occurs on the island

of Hispaniola as endemic species. A peculiar trait of most of the species from

Hispaniola is the minute denticulation of the margins of the leaves, although

sometimes obscurely so. For reasons unexplained, this character of the leaf

also appears in species of other pleurothallid genera (e.g. Lepanthes and

Pleurothallis ), and even m some species of other subtribes (e.g. Laeliinae and

a., R.L. Dressier).

. , : of the three pleurothallid genera distinguished by the

lepanthiform sheaths of the ramicauls. The term “lepanthiform,” used already

over a century ago by both Lindley and Reichenbach, refers to the tubular

nbbed sheaths with dilated ostia, and with the ribs and the rimmed margins of

the ostia more or less ciliate or scabrous. These sheaths typified the genus

Lepanthes of Olaf Swartz, but they were noted to occur also in some species

attributed to Pleurothallis. Ames removed from Pleurothallis the lepanthi-

form-stemmed species with a Platystele- like column into Lepanthopsis, and the

lepanthiform-stemmed species with a longer, well-developed column were

removed to Tnchosalpinx Luer in 1983.

The column of all species of Lepanthopsis is short and broad with an

absent or obsolescent column-foot formed with the apex of the ovary The

anther is more or less exposed and apical, usually with the stigma transverse

commonly with a pair of stigmatic lobes, one to either side of the anther and

rostellum. The lobes of the stigma are confluent in various degrees beneath

the rostellar flap. The same condition obtains in various species of the genera

Lepanthes Sw., Platystele Schltr., Stelis Sw. and Pleurothallis R. Br. subgenus

Pleurothalhs. The few species of Lepanthopsis with an entire stigma that also

° th fr features are trea ted in a separate subgenus {Microlepanthes).

The two polhnia are subsphencal and attached to a minute viscidium.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Lepanthopsis subgen. Lepanthopsis

Type: PleurothaOis unilateralis Cogn. = Lepanthopsis floripecten (Reichb. f.) Ames.

The great majority of spedes are dosely related and fall together into this

subgenus. The column is short, broad and essentially footless with an apical

anther, rostellum and a transversely bilobed stigma. The subgenus is capable

of being divided into two sections depending upon the arrangement of the

inflorescence.

Lepanthopsis sect. Fractipecten Luer, sect. nov.

Type: Pleurothallis astrophora Reichb. f. ex Krai., Xenia Oich. 3: 85, 1892. = Lepanthopsis

astrophora (Reichb. f. ex Krai.) Garay.

Ely.: From the Latin fractus, “broken,” and pecten, “a comb," in reference to the flexuous

Syn^Eu-Lepanthopsis Garay, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12:180,1953, nom. illeg.

Inflorescentiae plus minusve laxe fractiflexae.

This section is characterized by the loosely few- to many-flowered, more or

less flexuous racemes which are simultaneously or successively flowered. The

column is short with an apical, bilobed stigma, as in sect. Lepanthopsis. Most

of the spedes of this section are to be found in the Greater Antilles, but a few

occur on the nearby mainland of South America.

Lepanthopsis sect. Lepanthopsis

Syn.: Lepanthopsis sect. Compactae Garay, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12: 180, 19S3,

This section is characterized by the strict, densely and simultaneously

many-flowered racemes with the flowers in two opposite-facing ranks that

reminded Reichenbach of a little comb. He utilized this similarity for naming

the first and fourth species of the genus. The column is short and footless

with an apical, bilobed stigma. The spedes of this section are widely distrib¬

uted throughout the range of the genus.

Lepanthopsis subgen. Microlepanthes Luer, subgen. nov.

Stigmata apicalia integri.

Similar to the two sections of Lepanthopsis, this subgenus is inseparable

vegetatively from Lepanthes or Trichosalpinx, and florally it sits on the bound¬

ary between Lepanthopsis and Trichosalpinx. The inflorescence is character¬

ized by a more or less congested raceme, successively or simultaneously flow¬

ered (single-flowered in one spedes); a simple, more or less suborbicular lip;

a short, footless column with an apical anther; and an entire, apical stigma .

This combination of features of the five species included in this section

indicate that these spedes are more closely allied to Lepanthopsis than to

Trichosalpinx where some have recently resided. The lip of all five of these

, and more or less callous at the base.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

EPITHETS PUBLISHED IN LEPANTHOPSIS

AND UST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Lepanthopsis abbreviata Luer & Hirtz_ Plate 1.

Lepanthopsis acetabulum Luer.Plate Z

Lepanthopsis acuminata Ames- Plate 3.

Lepanthopsis anthoctenium (Reichb. f.) Ames.Plate 4.

Lepanthopsis apoda (Garay & Dunsterv.) Luer.Plate 33.

Lepanthopsis aristata Dod.Plate 5.

Lepanthopsis astrophora (Reichb. f. ex Krzl.) Garay.Plate 6.

Lepanthopsis atrosetifera Dod__— Plate 7.

Lepanthopsis barahonensis (Cogn.) Garay.Plate 8.

Lepanthopsis blepharophylla (Griseb.) Garay = Lepanthes blepharophylla

Lepanthopsis comet-halleyi Luer.Plate 34.

Lepanthopsis congestiflora (Cogn.) C. Porto & Brade = Lepanthopsis densiflora

Lepanthopsis constanzensis (Cogn.) Garay..Plate 9.

Lepanthopsis cuculiata Dod.-.Plate 10.

Lepanthopsis culiculosa Luer.Plate 11.

Lepanthopsis densiflora (Barb. Rodr.) Ames.Plate 12.

Lepanthopsis dentifera (L. O. Wms.) Garay = Lepanthopsis barahonensis

Lepanthopsis dodii Garay.Plate 13.

Lepanthopsis domingensis Dod = Lepanthopsis anthoctenium

Lepanthopsis farrago (Luer & Hirtz) Luer.Plate 35.

Lepanthopsis floripecten (Reichb. f.) Ames.Plate 14.

Lepanthopsis fuertesii (Cogn.) Garay = Lepanthopsis barahonensis

Lepanthopsis haitiensis Dod = Lepanthopsis aristata

Lepanthopsis hirtzii Luer.Plate 16.

Lepanthopsis hotteana (Mansf.) Garay.- Plate 17.

Lepanthopsis lingulata Dod.Plate 18.

Lepanthopsis melanantha (Reichb. f.) Ames.Plate 19.

Lepanthopsis micheleae Dod_Plate 20.

Lepanthopsis microlepanthes (Griseb.) Ames..Plate 36.

Lepanthopsis moniliformis Dod.Plate 21.

Lepanthopsis obliquipetala (Ames & Schweinf.) Luer.Plate 37.

Lepanthopsis ornipteridion Dod......Plate 22.

Lepanthopsis paryskii Dod = Lepanthopsis cuculiata

Lepanthopsis peniculus (Schltr.) Garay.Plate 23.

Lepanthopsis pristis Luer & Escobar.Plate 24.

Lepanthopsis prolifera Garay_ Plate 25.

Lepanthopsis pulchella Garay & Dunsterv..Plate 26.

Lepanthopsis pygmaea C. Schweinf..Plate 27.

Lepanthopsis quisqueyana Dod = Lepanthopsis melanantha

Lepanthopsis secunda (Barb. Rodr.) Hoehne = Lepanthopsis floripecten

Lepanthopsis serrulata (Cogn.) Hespenheide & Garay.Plate 28.

Lepanthopsis stellaris Dod.Plate 29.

i Foldats.Plate 30.

Lepanthopsis ubangii Luer.Plate 31.

Lepanthopsis unilateralis (Cogn.) C. Porto & Brade = Lepanthopsis floripecten

nf..Plate 32.

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

KEY TO THE SUBGENERA, SECTIONS

AND SPECIES OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Subgenus Lepanthopsis

2 Raceme strict, congested, with the flowers produced

simultaneously in 2 opposite-facing ranks..

Section Lepanthopsis

4 Inflorescence shorter than or as long as the leaf..

4’ Inflorescence longer than the leaf.

e; lip obtuse to subacute..

5 ’ Sepals not acuminate; lip with the apex broadiy rounded..

7 Lateral sepals deeply connate in

much longer than the lip_

T Lateral sepals deeply connate ini

only slightly larger than the lip...

8 Leaves smooth on the mai

a suborbicular lamina

.. L. atrosetifera

-L. ubangii

8’ Leaves with the margins minutely subdenticuiate to grossiv

denticulate (all Hispaniolan)... J

11 Sepals with the apices thickened, narrowly obtuse..

11 Sepals not narrowly obtuse.

12 Sepals glabrous, long-acuminate; Up a

12’ Sepals pubescent, acute, barely a

13’ Lateral sepals not connate into an obi'o^ bifidhmk

14 Sepals pubescent, more than 5 mm long...

14’ Sepals glabrous, less than 4 mm long..

15 Lip ovate, obtuse, without basal lobes

! an » u= ^‘"

i long, the laterals oblong...

16 Sepals more than 25

16’ Sepals less than 1.5 mm long.'the laterals ovate

17 Petals more than 15 mm long.

IT Petals less than 1 mm long__

}f, K ,p ^ a submargmal groove_

18 Lip without a submarginal groove..

. L. omipteridion

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

19 Sepals acuminate, 3 to 5 mm long. L. aristata

19’ Sepals obtuse to acute or barely acuminate, less than 2 mm long.20

20 Sepals glandular-pubescent. L. glandulifera

20’ Sepals not glandular-pubescent.21

21 Dorsal sepal suborbicular, broadly obtuse- L. serrulata

21’ Dorsal sepal acute to subacute.22

22 Lip with the apex acute to subacute.L. dodii

22’ Lip with the apex broadly obtuse to round_23

23 Mature plant less than 2 cm tall excluding the inflorescence. L. pygmaea

23’ Mature plant more than 3 cm tall excluding the inflorescence.24

24 Dorsal sepal slightly broader than the combined lateral sepals;

lip obtuse at the apex. L. anthoctenium

24’ Dorsal sepal slightly narrower than the combined lateral sepals;

lip broadly rounded at the apex. L. moniliformis

Section Fractipecten

25 Habit scandent, the ramicauls superposed. L. steyermarkii

25’ Habit caespitose, the ramicauls not superposed.26

26 Lateral sepals connate into a deeply concave synsepal. L. cucullata

26’ Lateral sepals not connate into a concave synsepal.27

27 Column with the gynostemium elongated, held above and

forward of the lip. L. barahonensis

2T Column short and broad, intimately associated with the lip.28

28 Dorsal sepal suborbicular, concave; petals ca. 0.5 mm long..... L. melanantha

28’ Dorsal sepal acute to obtuse, not concave; petals 1 mm long or longer.29

29 Lateral sepals acuminate.30

29’ Lateral sepals not acuminate.31

30 Lip cordate, acute, with basal lobes embracing the column.. L. astrophora

30’ Lip suborbicular with minimal basal lobes_ L. pulchella

31 Lateral sepals broadly obtuse; lip bicallous. L. constanzensis

31’ Lateral sepals acute to subacute; lip not bicallous.32

32 Petals subulate; lip 3-lobed with the middle lobe clavate. L. lingulata

32’ Petals ovate, acute; lip cordate to ovate____33

33 Lip cordate with basal lobes embracing the column.34

33’ Lip triangular with rounded basal lobes not embracing

the column. L. hotteana

34 Sepals glabrous.35

34’ Sepals long-pubescent at the apex.. L. micheleae

35 Plant more than 5 cm tall; lip grooved along the margins. L. micheleae

35’ Plant less than 4 cm tall; Hp not grooved along the margins. L. stellaris

Subgenus Microlepanthes

36 Inflorescence reduced to a single flower. L. apoda

36’ Inflorescence racemose.37

37 Sepals deeply connate into a sepaline tube.L. obliquipetala

3 T Sepals not deeply connate into a tube.38

38 Petals transversely thickened at the apex.L. farrago

38’ Petals not transversely thickened at the apex.39

39 Lip with the apex bilobed.L. comet-halleyi

39’ Lip with the apex entire —.L. microlepanthes

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 1. Lepanthopsis abbreviate Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 2. Lepanthopsis acetabulum Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 3. Lepanthopsis acuminata

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Lepanthopsis anthoctenium (Reichb. f.) Ames, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 1: 9,1933.

Bas.: Pleurothallis anthoctenium Reichb. f, Linnaca 41: 94,1876.

Ety.: From the Greek antho “of a flower,” and ctenion, “a comb,” hence “a floral comb,”

referring to the appearance of the raceme.

1:44,1977.

: this species occurs.

2.5 mm long, connate ab

nilarly colored, ovate, si

HAITI: without locality, Poiteau s.n. (Holotype:

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Azua: Sierra de

Ocoa, Bejucal, Rfo de Canal, alt. 1000 m, 3

Los lI^V *, E L ' Ekm f Ul 11757 (AMES, S);

1969, A. H. Liogier (AMES, NY); La’

“-" 1 Jos6 de

f. Liogier

Ocoa, i

15484 (AMES, NY); Los Narrastos, D. J

(MO), C. Luer illustr. 11697; Jarabacoa Ri

Baiguate, alt 500 m, 3 June 1976, flowered i

1.1977, D. D. Dod 578 (type of

: SDM, AMES, NY, SEL, US);

Verde, 1859, C. Wright 1509

Dod584.

CUBA.!

(AMES, G, K); Rfo

5-7 Apr. 1907, W. R. Maxon 3949 (AMES, US)*

Pinar del Rfo, Sierra del Rosario, Pico Tey, alt

600 m, Jan. 1953, H. Alain 2749 (AMES).

™ S ntr,t de r SCribed * Reichenbach abou. a quarter of a century

^eat ^ m d W h , r,rs, . specles of the L. floripecten. He noted the

great similarity between the two and gave the second the same name as the

° f r rK ^ fUlin U P mth °P™ onthoctenium is isolated on

rammnn * ofCubaandH ! s P aa '°^ undoubtedly island-descendants of a

S”i “ “ <b - stln 8 uisl >ed from L floripecten by the broadly cor-

^sS)' 0 ^ t * Ut embra “ the “ lumn - The U P of L - floripecten is

ny SU j I 1C , ar ^ ,asa ^ *°^ )es embrace the column.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 4. Lepanthopsis anthoctenium (Reichb. f.) Ames

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 5. Lepanthopsis aristata Dod

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Lepanthopsis astrophora (Reichb. f. ex Krzl.) Garay, Caldasia 8: 520,1962.

Bas.: Pleurothallis astrophora Rcichb. f. ex Krzl, Xenia Orchidacea 3: 85,1892.

Ely.: From the Greek astrophoros, “star bearing,” referring to the appearance of the inflo¬

rescence.

VENEZUELA: without locality, flowered in

cultivation in Hamburg by Herm Gartendirec-

tor Wendland s.n. (Hoiotype: W): without local-

ity, flowered in cultivation at Glasnevin, 20 Oct.

1893, (K). Edo. Carabobo, Buena Vista, alt.

4500 ft., May 1846, L. ScMim 577 (G). Dist.

Fed.: between Colonia Tovar and Junquito, alt.

1300-1500 m, 20 Oct. 1965, J. Steyermark 94380

(VEN); same area, obtained from G. C. K.

Dunsterville via the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,

flowered in cultivation by A. & P. Jesup in

Bristol, CT, 26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer 12852 (MO).

Edo. Bolivar Cerro NaiguatS, alt. 1500-1635 m,

15 Nov. 1963, /. Steyermark 92015 (AMES,

VEN); 8 Oct. 1966, J. Steyermark 97490 (VEN);

between Portachueio and Penita, alt 1300-1500

m, 11 Nov. 1966, /. Steyermark A M. Farinas

97596 (VEN), 1 May 1967, /. Steyermark, G.

Bunting A R. Dressier 98259 (VEN); Fila del

Cororo, north of Rio de Naiguat£, alt. 1400 m,

22 Nov. 1980, B. Manara s.n. (VEN). Edo.

Sucre: Arismendi, Peninsula of Paria, above

Melenas, alt. 730-1050 m, 1 Dec. 1979, J. Steyer¬

mark A R. Liesner 120926 (VEN); headwaters

700-900 m, 23 Feb. 1980, /. Steyermark A R. Liesner 121678 (VEN). Edo.

o, Candelaria, alt. linn-l'Vn m n tw ion r c. _ ^ _ c

Although this species is variable and widely distributed in Venezuela, il

yet to be discovered outside that country. Vegetatively some populations

considerably larger than others. The small but brilliant violet flowers

resupmate and produced several at a time in a loose, flexuous raceme,

sepals are ovate and acuminate, the petals are ovate and microscopically

ate, and the lip is cordate.

Lepanthopsis astrophora grows and flowers readily in cultivation. Divisions

a ’ awarded clone cultivated by the Jesups in Connecticut are thriving

Ussr

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 6. Lepanthopsis astrophora (Reichb. f. ex Krzl.) Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 7. Lepanthopsis atrosetifera Dod

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 8. Lepanthopsis barahonensis (Cogn.) Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Lepanthopsis constanzensis (Cogn.) Garay, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro

12:197,1953.

Bas.: Pleurothallis constanzensis Cogn., in Urban, Symb. AntiU. 7:177,1912.

Ety.: Named for the community of Constanza near the site where the species was collected.

t, slender, 10-35 mm long,

d by 4-7 I

kTZS.

s, many-flowered n

i. Leaf c

4 mm long, 6-9 mm

cts 05-1 mm long pedicels 15-25 mm long ovary 05 mm long sepals light yellow-green,

re or less suffused with purple, to creamy white, glabrous, subcarinate, ovate to broadly

te, subacute to obtuse, the dorsal sepal 15-2 mm long 1.1-15 mm wide, ^veined toward the

!’ thc ,atcral th « late «l oblique, 1-15 mm long, 1 mm

•cute, 12-2 mm long 05-0.8

apex obtuse to round, 0.8-1 mm lor

05 mm long 05 mm wide, the anther

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC; epiphytic in shady

fnrrst near ~r. i.rJv . . .. 1

near constanza, ait. 14UU m

Tiirckheim 3482 (Holotype: xx); wi

£. L. Ekman 11821 (S); Azua: Sit... „

Bejucal, alt. 1400 m, 6 Mar. 1929 £ L

11S21 (AMES); La Vega, La Cien

Constanza, alt. 1700 m, 16 May 191

4000 (US); Rfo Grande on the i

Valle Nuevo, /. Jimbxez 2993 (US); Bonao, Alto

Casabito, alt 1200 m, 13 Apr. 1969 A H Liogier

f 1 Maram <> 14771 (AMES, NY); Siem de

Bahoruco, seasonally wet, broadleaf forest

l 70 ^"’ 7N *ay C. Luer, 1 Luer, D. Dod A

T Dod 12202 (MO); Lago Taro, Aug. 1983

collected by D. Dod, flowered in cultivation C

Luer 12304 (MO). ’ c.

HATH: Massif de la Salle, Mome des Commis-

This species is relatively frequent in

the seasonally moist forests of the

island of Hispaniola. In common with

^ 50,1,6 other genera of pl^oth-

rins. /IlrWct CS 316 mmUtely ce «^ar-denticulate on the mar-

raceme. When the ” ^ e 5‘ <i ^ d by ‘he elongated, flexuous

The sepals are usually broadly ovate T’ha P “* r f sembles L barahonensis.

Plate 9. Lepanthopsis <

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthopsis cucullata Dod, Moscosoa 4:145,1986.

Ety.: From the Latin cucuUatus, “cucullatereferring to the deeply concave synsepal.

Syn.: Lepanthopsis paryskti Dod, Moscosoa 4:152,1986.

Ety.: Named in honor of Paul Paryski, assistant director of the National Parks of Haiti.

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 4-6 cm long,

enclosed by 4-8 lepanthiform sheaths with minutely scabrous ostia. Leaf suffused with purple

beneath, erect, coriaceous, with the margins minutely denticulate, elliptical, subacute to obtuse,

15-28 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into a petiole 2-3 mm long. Inflorescence a

subcongested, distichous, slightly flexuous, successively many-flowered raceme, 13-5 cm long

including the capillary peduncle ca. 5 mm long, bom near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bracts

0.75 mm long; pedicels 03 mm long; ovary 03 mm long; sepals membranous, glabrous, the

dorsal sepal red-purple, broadly ovate to suborbicular, obtuse, convex, shortly acuminate, 3.75

mm long, 175 mm wide, 3-veined, connate to the lateral sepals for 1 mm, the lateral sepals light

green, connate into deeply concave synsepal, 2.75 mm long, 3 mm wide unexpanded, each 3-

veined, the broadly rounded apex shortly cleft into 2 obtuse apices; petals dark purple, ovate,

subacute to obtuse, variously angled on the lower margin above the base, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm

wide; lip sub-orbicular-cordate, 15 mm long, 15 mm wide, the basal lobes obtuse, encircling the

column, the disc with a well-developed, elevated glenion at the base; column 05 mm long, 0.8

mm wide, the anther aoicaL the sticma hilohed aniral

HAITI: Massif de la Hotte, Les Cayes, For-

mond, epiphytic in forest, alt. 950 m, 17-26 Feb.

1982, flowered in cultivation 24 Feb. 1983, D. D.

Dod 950 (Holotype: JBSD; Isotypes: AMES,

MO, NY, SEL, US); C. Luer illustr. 12313;

same locality, 19 Feb. 1982, flowered in cultiva¬

tion 16 Nov. 1982, D.D. Dod 952 (JBSD, type of

L. paryskyi, AMES, MO, NY, SEL, US);

Formond, alt. 1050 m, D. D. Dod 1022 (JBSD).

This species is apparently endemic

on the Hotte Massif of Haiti The suc¬

cessive flowers are borne in a slightly

flexuous raceme that eventually far

exceeds the leaf in length. The lateral

sepals are connate into a deeply con¬

cave synsepal while the broad dorsal

sepal stands erect above to expose the

contents on the back wall of the interi¬

or of the flower: the column surround¬

ed by a suborbicular lip and flanked by

a small pair of petals. This is a pattern frequently seen in other pleurothallid

genera such as PleunthoUis and Mis. It is apparently unique in Lepanthopsis.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 10. Lepanthopsis cucullata Dod

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC* OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 11. Lepanthopsis culiculosa Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

i (Barb. Rodr.) Ames, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 1(9): 11,1933.

~ ‘ ..a 1, ed. 2:119,1891.

' ” referring to the inflorescence.

_ . „ FI. Bras. 3(4): 591,1896.

Ely.: From the Latin congesdflorus, “with congested flowers,” referring to the densely flow-

:. Porto & Brade, Rodriguesia 1(2): 37,1935.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 12. Lepanthopsis densiflora (Barb. Rodr.).

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Polo, epiphytic,

March 1968, D. D. Dod, H. ?. Jesup A C With-

43 (Holotype: AMES); Lome Pie Pol near

Barahona, alt. 950 m, Jan. 1985, D. Dod 1103,

lunviol c “" iv * ,i00 4 M * y 1986 ' c Lu "

HAITI: Rividre Glace, 23 Aug. 1984, collected

This species is apparently uncom¬

mon on the island of Hispaniola, but it

occurs in both Haiti and the Domini¬

can Republic where it was first report¬

ed by Donald D. Dod. The first plant

was found by H. P. Jesup, who contin¬

ues to cultivate it successfully in his

greenhouse in Connecticut.

In common with several other

species, as well as some species in

« minutely, ceUuIar-

- *" opposite-fadngSts of^y T™

well-developed glemon encircle the column.

Sir - B °‘- M “- ^ 1(9): U. 1933.

Ety.: ^nntheLatillS ^ n i®°^ p,a " d ‘ a 2 ». 1854-

referring ,o ft. “* «»«<." fence ftora! com.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 13. Lepanthopsis dodii Garay

ICONES PIJEUROmALLIDINARUM

ovate, narrowly obtuse, 33-4 nun long. 13-1.8 mm wide, 3-veined, barely connate to the lateral

sepals, the lateral sepals connate to near the apex into an oblong lamina with obtuse apices, 33-

43 mm long, 13-1.73 mm wide, each sepal 1-veined; petals similarly colored, broadly elliptical,

obtuse, 0.9 mm long, 0.7 mm wide, 1-veined; lip suborbicular, 0.9-1 mm long, 0.8-1 mm wide, the

slightly concave centrally above the base; cobma 03 mm long and broad, the anther apical, the

stigma bilobed, apical.

2™*? nc £w n>CaS ’ H Wasenersn - CHolotype: W; Isotype: K); Edo.

*' ,S1 m ’ ?H V SS t 1 SteyermaTk 9377S > 93786 (AMES’ VEN); Ea °-

!r?^l?^n-tepui, •!». 1690 m, 2 May 1964, J. A. Steyermark 93220 (AMES); Torono Tepui,

Wurdack2209 (VEN); Meseta & Jana, alt. US0

1959^. l c (V ^ N): 125 *“ south <* El Dorado, alt. ca. 770 m, June

^ ^ S" 0 Marutani ’ Wo alt - 1200 m, 11 Jan. 1981, /. Steyer-

!wmailW n C ^ rMS A K CarreA ° E - (VEN ^ : Munic ' Raul Eeoni, northof

a£*, arildL^Ac^ Z't ' Fernandez3525 (VEN).Terr. Amazonas: Cerro

, nd La go Asisia, alt. 1310 m, 8 May 1973, /. Hoyos A G Morilln HR CV FNY Atahann

(MQ^ve'nT 0 ’

1954. R L. Drmbr ** * e " U *" M 950 m, 20 July

Jl° r S^.. D ? , 0f C T^ : **“■* Ok, *. 4 £5 ft 5 July 1932,/. B. Edward! 194

JV*- 1- B. Edward! 252 (AMES); hill, above .he

y 1 ? 6 ’ T ' °■ Yuncker > * F Dawson AH. R. Youse

01. Dent, of ^ Hoy a Grande, alt 1500 m) 28 July 1946,

}, alt. 1090

-ng.uo.tycm

plains of Siguatepequc, an. wao m,

“ d - F “

Crittobal,

PANAMA: without localitv cited bv DuiuS^T^’ ? P *' ^ C H Lank **r 1497 (AMES).

COLOMBIA; »cldd! lUaaraKd 2: 186.

f. •!.. 2000 m, collected byk. SoSr a V2f“„ Munlc ° f San “ l*"” 1 "-

Colomborquideas, 6 Apr 1988 C ?L5' 0 ,5“* na ’ Au &- 1966 - flowered in cultivation at

Cali, alt. 1580-1650 m 7 laia i2 13049 ( M0 )- Dc P l of Valle de Cauca: Hoya del Rio

ECUADOR ^

illustr. 9167. Prov of MorLa-Santia ' 2400 D D ' Al ^andro 140 (SEL), C Luer

Jan - 1989. C. Luer, J. Luer P Jesuo towaid Guamote, alt. 1900 m, 16

Cutucu^ew road between 13942 (M °>' Cordi,,era dcl

A S. Onega 4133 (MO). Morona, ah. 950 m, 19 Jan. 1989, A. Him, A. Andreetta

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 14. Lepanthopsis floripecten (Reichb. f.) Ames

ICONES PLEUROTHALLID INARUM

PERU: Dept. of Cnzcoc I

BRAZIL: Eda Espirito Santo: Peira Azul, alt. 1000 m, 30 July 1970, R. Kautsky 266 (HB). Edo.

Paran* Tacarehy, 11 Jan. 1915, P. Dustn 16323 (AMES, S); Munfc. Guaratuba, Rio da Praia, 10

July 1964, M Leinig 333 (HB); Munic. de Paranagua-Parana, Porto Don Pedro II, 30 Aug. 1910,

R. Lange 10203 (HB). Edo. Rio de Janeiro: Morro Queimado, flowered in cultivation, 1 April

1948, A. C. Brade 18912 (HB, RB); Serra de Carioca, alt. 700 m, 17 June 1957, G. Pabst 1117

(HB). Eda SAo Paulo: Iguape, alt. 300 m, 1921, A. C. Brade 8642 (HB). Edo. Santa Catarina:

i; PSntano do Sul, alt. 300 m, 13 Apr. 1971,

This, the first species of the genus to be described, is the most frequent

and most widely distributed species of the genus, and one of the most widely

distributed of the subtribe as well Vegetatively it is similar to several others

in the genus, but the double-ranked inflorescence of congested, transverse

flowers with the peduncle is more or less twice the length of the leaf; the

sepals are narrow, the laterals deeply connate to near the obtuse apices; the

petals are broadly elliptical; and the slightly concave suborbicular lip has short

basal lobes that do not surround the column.

Lepanthopsis glandulifera Dod, Moscosoa 1: 46,1977.

bCaring g,andS ’” refcrrin * to thc cellular-glandular integ-

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 15. Lepanthopsis glandulifera Dod

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

« long; pedicels 1

1 'sepal 6

c25 mm, each 1-veincd; petals broadly elliptical, obtuse, cellular-ciliate,

This species is found occasionally

from southern Colombia to southern

Ecuador. It is distinguished from

others in the genus by the stout rami-

cauls with coarsely pubescent, cauline

sheaths; elliptical-oblong leaves; inflo-_

opposile-fadng^rows^narrowly^vate '"“h flOWered raCemeS “ t *°’

connate more than half the i-LI**pubescent sepals, the laterals

embracing the column. ’ an< ^ a su b° r bicular lip with basal lobes

180,1953. ‘ K,M (Mansf > Gara y* Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 12:

&-15 mm long, 6-8 r

~>«cence a IOC— -*• - ■

^ /> up to 15 mm

0.75-1 mm long;

,m long. 1 mm wid<

’ ^ ®“ long, 0.9 n

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 16. Lepanthopsis hirtzii Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

on the summit of Mome La Hotte, alt 2410 m,

13 Sept. 1928, £. L Ekman 10646 (Holotypc: S;

Isotypes: AMES, K), C. Luer illustr. 14800;

Massif de la Hotte, top of ML Formon, alt. 2225

m, 1 Jan. 1927, E. L. Ekman 7496 (AMES);

Mome des Commissaires, alt. 5800 ft., 30 July

1944, / F. Curtis 4756 (AMES); Mome Guimby,

alt. 6200 ft., 16 Sept. 1955, G. R. Proctor 10834

This speoes apparently is confined to the mountainous regions of the

Massif de la Hotte in Haiti. In gross appearance it is indistinguishable from L.

barahonensu of lower altitudes in neighboring Dominican Republic. Both

, £",* 5 S e “ der ra f ,cauls and denticulate leaves, and a loose, several-

fewed inflorescence about as long as the leaf. The tiny flowers are also very

sundar, but L hotttma is distinguished by the longer, more pointed petals; a

rcUthdv ZTlr ' P W ' th baSa ' lobes embraci “8 column; and fbroad,

relatively flat column as see. in most other species, not elongate and cylindri-

ssm in cu,tiv * tio0 Sb?£iSi

#fiSSimgSSf

The tiny, rednow^are terneTna Ito'”!? °“ ^ H ° ,,e Massif of Haiti -

flowered raceme. The sepals are ’ d J stIchons - simultaneously few-

and the lip, unique in thegLius is^S^ “ dacutc; ,he Petals are setifonn;

lobe narrow and subdavaL ““ce-lobed with the protuberant middle

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 17. Lepanthopsis hotteana (Mansf.) Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 18. Lepanthopsis lingulata Dod

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 19. Lepauhopsis melammOu, (Reichb. f.) Ames

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 20. Lepanthopsis micheleae Dod

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC on old fallen tree

in virgin forest, Argentina, Bretdn, Polo,

Barahona, alt. 1200 m, 13 Nov. 1976, flowered in

1.1977, D.D.Dod 583 (Holo-

e AMES, NY, SEL, US), C

nation 4 J

SDMjisc

illustr. 14798; epiphytic, I

1 and Pueblo Viejo, Escondido, Du

300 m, 28 Mar. 1975, flowered in ci_

16Nov. 1976, D.D.Dod586 (US); Zapoten

(*««£ 17 1Q7X n n ra —.

Duvergd, 17 Apr. 1976,0.

Bahoruco, alt. 1700 m, 6 May

Lutr&D.Dod 12198,12216 (MO).

tod 586 (US); Zapotln \

D. Dod 591; Sierra de 7

May 1986, C. Luer, J. /

'6 (MO). ^

er A PeC, u^ e “ d ' m,C m the Dominican Re P«Wic where it was discov¬

ered by DonaldID Dod. It is similar to L dodii, but L. moniliformis differs in

the numerous, dark sheaths of the ramicauls with markedly dilated and ciliate

ostta. In common with several other species, the leaves are minutely, cellular-

Xe l! 6 TTt ^ fl ° WerS dark “stead of yellow, the

petals are obtuse instead of acute; and the apex of the lip is rounded

flspST"

20 A “*- m*,D.D. DodJtTya&y M'livMioii

on ^ endemic

on Hotte Massif of Haiti. The flowers

„° r “ e ,n a sub deose, distichous,

several-flowered raceme The lenotK n f

is considerably slumer that Uhstrated

sepals and comparatively large peudTare natr ^ ** ** t ''P e - s Pednien. The

of the cordate lip surround the columL ^ ° Va ‘ e ’ “ d the basaI lobe s

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

;panthopsis penlculus (Schltr.) Garay, Orchid J. 2:468,1954.

F^- P ^!^ P ? iCUtUS - Sc , h,tr ’ R ^P crt - S P«- Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7:110,1920.

E £ F h Latin pemculus, “a little brush,” referring to the appearance of the i,

5 cm long, borne by a slender peduncle 8-15 mm lone, bom

Si? Sr 2 s 7 ry r k> " 6

purpSwo^ U P Z'b^1mS P Sr«^hI 3 b m "; IT °' 9

Oblong with the a]-* *- ' thc basal ,obes expanded - «

COLOMBIA: Dept u. ^.uca: wunout kxalitv

* Hadtro s.n. (Holotype destroyed at B?)!

Dept, of Cundinamarca: cloud forest above

Gutierez, alt. 2700 m, 19 May 1984, C. Luer J

ssjtsssssssaws

rTfJT 3 , Bc ^ ,n ’ alt - 2880 m - 8 Nov. 1981,

rsm r’rLJ**!’ * Escobar * D Portillo 6613

bru^'hfur'-rnicul^ kind of little

brush in mind. lI^L he had a bottle

from southern to eastern Colombia it - B uncom ! no,1 » but widely distributed

long, narrow lea^^nS TSl ‘ “ Teco f i f i * the large habit with

acuminate sepals; Sd a Ze^Tr P^.^rs with widely spread,

the middle lobe, ° bed ‘ P wtth a Pmr of lamellae at the base of

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTUOPSIS

Plate 23. Lepanthopsis peniculus (Schltr.) Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Dept, of Antioquia: Munic. of

Cbcorai, Rfo CocomS, alt. 1650 m, 21 Aug.

1984, R. Escobar, C. Head A E. Valencia 3383

(Holotype: MO), C Luer illustr. 10466; flow¬

ered in cultivation by P. Jesup in Bristol, CT.,

26 Apr. 1987, C. Luer 12887 (MO).

This species, presently known from

only one locality in the Central Cordil¬

lera of Colombia, is distinguished from

others in the genus by the snow white

flowers, oblong lateral sepals free

except at the base, and orbicular petals

and lip. Vegetatively the plant is not

remarkable. The raceme consists of

two, opposite-facing rows of very dose,

evenly spaced, white flowers.

Lepanthopsis prolifera Garay, Orchid J., 2:468,1954

Ety.: From the Utinproliferns, “proliferate,” referring to the habit of the plant.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 24. Lepanthopsis pristis Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 25. Lepanthopsis prolifera Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

Plate 26. Lepanthopsis pulchella Garay & Dunsterv.

SYSTEMATIC^} OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 27. Lepanthopsis pygmaea C. Schweinf.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The sepals of both species are ovate, only a little more than a millimeter in

length; the obtuse petals are less than half a millimeter long; and the rounded,

cordate lip has an inverted, U-shaped callus at the base. The latter feature is

not noted in Schweinfurth’s description and Dillon’s drawing of L. pygmaea,

made from dried material. However, it is plainly visible on the lip of pickled

material from Dod’s collection. The lip with callus is essentially the same on

both the Haitian and Ecuadorian plants. I assume that the simple flowers of

these two taxa have evolved independently, and only by chance look so much

alike.

Lepanthopsis semilata (Cogn.) Hespenheide & Garay, Caldasia 10: 233,1968.

“—,---' ”• i, Symb.AntilL 6:694,1910.

ring to the margins of the leaves.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 28. Lepanthopsis serrulate (Cogn.) Hespenheide & Garay

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is infrequent and endemic in the Dominican Republic. It is

most closely related to the frequent L anthoctenium. In habit, the two species

are indistinguishable with their minutely serrulate leaves, and the flowers are

also basically similar.

Lepanthopsis serrulata is distinguished by the suborbicular dorsal sepal,

and the lateral sepals connate into a similar but bifid synsepal. The lip is

comparatively large and suborbicular, nearly as wide as the dorsal sepal. A

prominent, circular glenion is present at the base.

SYSTEMATIC* OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 29. Lepanthopsis steUaris Dod

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 30. Lepanthopsis steyermarku Foldats

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 31. Lepanthopsis ubangii Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

ICONES PLEU ROTHALLIDINARU M

Lepanthopsis apoda (Garay & Dunsterville) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: PleurothaUis apoda Garay & Dunsterville, Venez. Orch. IU. 3:246,1965.

Ety.: From the Greek apoda, “without a foot,” referring to the foot

The lip is rounded with large basal lobes that surround the column, and

the base is inflexibly attached to the base of the column. The column is short,

cylindrical and footless with an apical anther and rostellum and an apical,

entire stigma. These characters seem to associate this species best with those

brought together in subgenus Microlepanthes of Lepanthopsis. However, it is

difficult to disqualify Trichosalpinx completely, because a short, cylindrical and

footless column is also found in the few, aberrant species treated in subgenus

Pseudolepamhes of Trichosalpinx. The latter species have a hinged Up with an

assortment of cafli on the disc

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 33. Lepanthopsis apoda (Garay & 1

Dunsterv.) Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 34.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

enclosed by 3-6 closely 111/wu sn ,

minutely ciliate. Leaf erect, coriaceous, na

long petiole, 3-5-- *

sme, 2-53 cm long including

~ u.v a**'-* w. tuv ramicaul; floral bracts 2 mm

long; sepals yellow, glabrous, carinate, ovate

•— ai 1-veined, the dorsal sepal concave, 2 mm

sepals 2 mm long, 1 mm wide; petals cuneate, 1 mm long, 0.8 mm

ECUADOR: Prov. __

Yangana alt. 3200 m, 22 Mar. l%S,"c L^r,°J.

Luer, A. Him A W. Flans 10779 (MO).

When first described, it was not

dear to which genus this species

should be assigned. The lepanthiform-

sheathed ramicauls indicated one of

three genera: Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis,

or Trtchosalpinx, and the petals trans¬

verse and thickened at the apex sug¬

gested Stelis. At that time I excluded

Lepanthopsis because of the short

stout, terete column with an apical

anther and single-lobed stigma. In the

meantime, I have discovered that these

criteria are shared by a small group of

species with features most closely

resembling those of Lepanthopsis

crolenanthp* r

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 35. Lepanthopsisfarrago (Laer & Hirtz) 1

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

’• Ramicauls erect, slender, 1-5 nun long,

Scy-i: 1 ”-” m ky, 4. 7J -„ m ^

® 1 m 10n & ‘nnorescenee a congested, successivelv (iw n Lru»»^ ™

* h®?* b y * Reform peduncle 24 mm long, from n

nm long; pedicels 0.5-0.75 mm long; ovaiy 0 4 mm lone: sank v

«ed with brown, glabrous, the donSl „ LT . ^ y

■- *«<■“* t^bSTh-ei, mm . lo "& 11

f 00 ^

R /««p 4 4. Jesup 11496 SfwSuf

CUBA: Prov. dc Oriente: Sierra Maestra Lomo

Ga *°- alt - 1000 m, 11 July-14 Aug’ 19?°

AMES /?OC ° 10371 > 1054 * (NY;’

femur); Sierra Maes-

^ , 0^ y r esa ’ a " 49 00-5200 ft., 16

July 1955,/l £ Scfettoer at <502 (AMES).

This tiny species is known from

eastern Cuba and Jamaica. Vegeta-

tody « B comparable lo Upanthes,

Lepanthopsts, or Trichosalpinx. Floral-

fy>t B best treated ia Lepanthopsis.

The column is short and cylindrical

• dorsaI “ther and a protruding,

»«u.w ouu a protruding -^_ r

aptcal rosteUum and stigma. The stignTa !

the typical, transversely bilobed r * nSVerse 30(1 entire > not similar to

most be accepted Sia bUt Mts that

ment. The short column of this species amT’i^T^ eke “ agree ‘

with a distinct shaft and a transveree stigma ^ €pantho P sis barahonensis

Lepanthopsis and Trichosalpinx 8103 1S a ^° ut mte rmediate between

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANTHOPSIS

Plate 36. Lepanthopsis microlepanthes (Griseb.) Ames

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Lepanthopsis obliquipetala (Ames & Schweinf.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bas.: Physosiphon obliquipetala Ames & Schweinf., Sched. Orchid. 8:12,1925.

Ety.: From the Latin obliquipetalus, “with oblique petals,” referring to the shape of 1

Syn.: Sttlis obliquipetala (Ames & Schweinf.) LO.Wms., Ceiba 5:54,1956.

Syn.: Pleurothallis connata Luer, Selbyana 5:388,1981.

Ety.: From the Latin <---- •

d by'4^6 closety fitting, minutely scabrous, lepan

elliptical, acute, 4-6 cm long, 05-0.7 cm wide, t

T " 1 " ,K)reSfenc « « subcongested, 2-ranked, simultanec

flowered raceme, up to 8 cm long including the filiform peduncle 1-15 ci

075 X m^ t! |on rainiCaUl . ; °°!S bniCtS V2S mm ,on ® 1 - L2S mm long; ova^y <

075 mm long; sepals yellow-green, more or less suffused with brown ? ^

dor ” 1 se P al oblong obtuse, 25-35 mm long, 1.75-2 mm J

1 anthcr apical, the stigma apical and en

COSTA RICA: Prw. of Cartage: Santa Qara

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Valle del Cauca* west

cordillera of Cali, alt. 2000 m, 15 Aug. 1884, F.

C. Lehmann 4114 (G).

° f Morona - San tiago: Cordil-

of Guismd, alt. 1650 m, 21

May 1988, C Luer, a. Him, W. Flores, A. Andr-

ff* 4 W - Tea &* 13527 (MO). Prov. of Napo-

between Cotundo and Coca, alt 1100

tawtiiM?i£ «“/»»» <MO) ' C

This species was first collected by

Consul Lehmann in 1884 in Colombia,

tail the speomen Uy unidentified at G

(Geneva). In the early part of this cen-

tury, it was discovered in Costa Rica by --- I

S“of^ «—• of the deep con-

Ecuador. ? 11 “ fre <J ue * "* widely distributed in eastern

two-ranked raceme. TTie^pals ^ dT *** simultaneously in a

line tube, but the morphZ^ ^ ^ a botde-shaped sepa-

apical anther and stigma isne*ri v CO, ^f ave H P and column with an

panthes gma » nearly the same as that of Lepanthopsis microle-

SYSTEMATICS OF LEPANIBOPSIS

Plate 37. Lepanthopsis <

OCTOMERIA SUBGENUS PLEUROTHALLOPSIS (ORCHIDACEAE)

The

subgenu

black an

genus Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade is r

of Octomeria R. Br. The species is describe

I white drawing and a distribution map is inclu*

luced to a monotypic

and illustrated with a

New taxon and combination:

Octomeria subgen. Pleurothallopsis (Porto & Brade) Luer, subgen. nov.

Octomeria nemorosa (Barb. Rodr.) Luer, comb. nov.

The solitary Brazilian species that comprises this subgenus was first de¬

scribed in Lepanthes as Lepanthes nemorsa by Barbosa Rodrigues in 1882

without knowing anything about a missing lip or pollinia. His accompanying

illustration, however, left no doubt about the remaining morphology. In 1896,

still without knowledge of the lip or pollinia, Cogniaux transfered the species

to Pleurothallis, but a new epithet was required because P. nemorosa was

already occupied (P. nemorosa Barb. Rodr.).

In 1935, a plant was discovered that answered all the known physical re¬

quirements of the original L. nemorosa , and in addition the missing parts

could be now be supplied. The lip was found to be very much like that of

many species of Octomeria, and the pollinia were found to be eight in num¬

ber. Declaring that the species did not belong in Pleurothallis because of the

eight pollinia, and not in Octomeria because the petals were less than half e

length of the sepals, and the peduncle was elongated, Dr. Paulo de Campos

Porto and Dr. Curt Brade proposed a new, monotypic genus, Pleurothallopsis.

A fine illustration was published in 1949 by Hoehne in De Orchidaceas do

Brasil. , ,

From a distant locality, another plant answering all the known morpholog-

ical features has recently been discovered. Apparently the on jy ere

the color, the flowers of the previous specimens being describe as ye

green, and the flowers of the latest being white with three purp e veins o

The column and lip of this species are the same as those seen in‘ Jjf

ties of Octomeria, and except for the number of pollinia, the petals,

are the same as ihose found in many species of. Restrepwpsis whichhasjour

pollinia. As very briefly treated in leones pleuro ^ all 'f nani ? ’ d Qclome-

described without subgenera, but with two sections. If section

ria, Pleurothallopsis nemorosa would fall into subsec on Howev-

OctomenVi because of the caespitose habit and connate lateral ^

er, the exceptionally small petals and the elon^ed^dunde ^speaes

apart. It is not logical to maintain the segregation mto „ nar able

this basis alone while the morphology of the column an p

from Octomeria. Therefore, the genus Pleurothallopsis should be included m

Octomeria, probably best as a subgenus.

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Octomeria subgen. Pleurothallopsis (Porto & Brade) Luer, subgen. nov.

Bas.: Pleurothallopsis Porto & Brade, Arq. Inst. BioL Veg. 3:133,1937.

Ely.: Named for the similarity to the genus Pleurothallis R. Br.

The description of the only species suffices for the subgenus.

ctomeria nemorosa (Barb. Rodr.) Luer, comb. nov.

Bus.: Lepanthes nemorosa Barb. Rodr., Gen. Sp. Orch. Nov. 2:54.1882.

Ety.: From the Latin nemorosus, “pertaining to the forest,” referring to the

Syn.: Pleurothallis sytvatica Cogn., R. Bras. 3(4): 455,1896.

Ety.: From the Latin sykaticus, “pertaining to the forest,” referring to the h

^^Pleurothallopsis nemorosa (Barb. Rodr.) Porto & Brade, Arq. Inst.

ctoSh' C *“ pi 1 “ > ? : ro ° B sk “ dCT R»">icaub erect, slender, 15-5 cm long,

closed bv J4 loose. nUimuc ixhnl...k..n» -. ...._ I, elliptical, subacute, 25-5

subfakate, 05 mm long...

disc with a pair of low, parallel calli

column-foot; cofanui slender, 25 nun long the

BRAZIL:I

of Mt. Lou.„, cnc.ua uc oanra Anna, Barbos

Apparently this species is wi

distributed in Brazil, but rarely s

It is distinguished from the o

species of Octomeria by the foUoi

combination of features: a caespi

habit, an elongated peduncle, sm;

petals less than half the size of

sepals, and lateral sepals connate

asynsepal One species is known.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF PLEUROTHALLOPSIS

Plate 1. Octomena nemorosa (Barb. Rodr.) Luer

SYSTEMATIC^ OF THE GENUS

RESTREPIELLA (ORCHIDACEAE)

This genus was proposed in 1966 by Leslie A. Garay to accommodate

seven species that could not satisfactorily be maintained in the polymorphic

genus Pleurothallis R. Br. Restrepiella was based on the following combina¬

tion of four distinguishing characters: a fasciculate inflorescence, abbreviated

pedicels, “dissimilar floral segments”, and four pollinia (Garay, 1967). This

brought together three discordant groups. To be sure, the three groups

agreed in these general, inclusive features (although the intended meaning of

“dissimilar floral segments” is unknown), but the groups disagreed from each

other in other, far more important characters: vegetative morphology, floral

morphology, and morphology of the column and pollinia.

Pleurothallis ophiocephala Lindley, the first discordant element, was desig¬

nated as the type. This species is characterized by robust ramicauls incom¬

pletely covered by a tubular sheath near or below the middle and a few imbri¬

cating sheaths at the base. The shortly petiolate leaf is large, rigid and leam-

ery. The inflorescence consists of a fascicle of single, successive owers

produced laterally from within a conspicuous spathe a short distance oeio^

the leaf-ramicaul abscission layer, and without an annulus, e sepa s

thick and fleshy and shortly pubescent, the lateral sepals connate into a synse-

pal. The petals are pubescent and ciliate. The lip is thick and rigidi witn jreo,

obtuse, marginal angles above the base. The column is stout s

dal, marginal wings, and with a hooded, denticulate clinan

the ventral anther containing four, equal-sized pollinia. This sj^cies^

tremely similar to many of those in Myoxanthus Poepp. & EndL and r eun-

thallis subgenus Acianthera (Scheidw.) Luer, but differing rom

number of pollinia, four instead of two. c the second

As originally proposed, Restrepiella also included two species,

discordant element, which have been removed to rheTamicauls are

species differ markedly from R- ophiocephala vcgctativcy.

Short and more or less prostrate; the leaves are fleshy and pnte*e»> or•

and the floral parts are variable. The pollinarium census

age-sized pollinia flanked on either side by a tiny pollim ,

large and two small pollinia. ^Hant element that has

The rest of the species constituted the third toord fSeated in t0 this

been described as Restrepiopsis (Luer, 1978). rella, Pleuro-

genus are more closely related to Octomena Sw. than to rjmeating

Tallis, or Restrepiella. The ramicauls are enclosed by Restre pia H.B.K.

sheaths (except when shed) reminiscent of Octomen

ICONES P1JEUROTHALLIDINARUM

The leaves vary in size and thickness. Like several other pleurothallid taxa,

the inflorescence consists of a fascicle of single, successive flowers produced

laterally from near the apex of the ramicaul, also without an annulus, but

without a conspicuous spathe. The sepals are fleshy or membranous, essen¬

tially glabrous, the lateral sepals free or lightly coherent (except in one spe¬

cies). The petals are membranous and entire, not ciliate. The lip is thick or

thin, very similar to some lips seen in Octomeria with thin, erect, basal lobes.

The column is slender without longitudinal, marginal wings, and the dinandri-

um is short and smooth exposing a subapical anther containing four, equal¬

sized pollinia.

After removal of non-conforming species to Dresslerella and Restrepiopsis,

Restrepiella is left as a monotypic genus. It might alternatively be treated as a

monotypic subgenus of Pleurothallis.

Restrepiella Garay & Dunsterv., Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated 4: 266,1966.

Ely.: Named for the^nusfe^pta HM plus the Latin suffix denoting a similarity.

The description of the only species suffices for the genus.

Restrepiella ophiocephala (Lindley) Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. Orchids Ill.

4:266,1966.

Bas.: Pleurothallis ophiocephala Dudley, Edwards’ Bot. Reg. 24: Misc. 34,1838.

Ety^Frijm the Greek ophiocephalus, “snake-headed,” in allusion to the appearance of the

Syn.: Pleurothallis peduncularis Hoot, J. Bot 3:308, L 9,1841, not lindley 1843.

Ety.: From the LsAnpeduncularis, “pedunculate,” referring to the ~

Syn.: Pleurothallispuberula KL, Allg. Gartenzeitung 22: 393,1854.

Ety.: From the Latin puberulus, “minutely pubescent,” referring to

Syn.: Restrepia ophiocephala (Lindley) Reichb. f., Bonplandia 2: 88,1854.

Mgwtogtossa Reichb. f. ex Dudley, Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 18,1859,

Ely.: From the Greek stipnatoglossa, “a spotted lip,” referring t<

J narrowly obtuse, shallowly notched v

e 1-2 cm long, emerging laterally without ai

1 ir I T te rf 0Wt ’ T ** fl0ral bract ^ riib«u«i, ^ ,

k ^ & , ,I h a / ilament 1-2 mm lon e ovary minutely verrucose, <

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIELLA

1C0NES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is characterized by a stout ramicaul with a tubular sheath near

the middle and a few at the base; a thickly coriaceous, shortly petiolate leaf;

and a single-flowered, short-pedunculate inflorescence subtended by a large

sheath near the apex of the ramicaul. The gaping, bilabiate flower is fleshy

and shortly pubescent. The color varies from yellow with a few red flecks to

rose and diffusely spotted with purple. The petals are dliate and pubescent.

The lip is thick with erect basal, marg inal angles The column is stout with a

denticulate apex and a ventral anther with four pollinia.

Restrepiella ophiocephala is found relatively frequently but locally in low¬

land humid forests of Central America from Mexico into Costa Rica. The

report of one plant having been found in southwestern Florida (Luer 1974)

was undoubtedly based on misinformation.

Braas^LA^ G J. Braem A R Mohr, 1982. Bcitragc zur subtribus Plcurothallidinae. Die

Orchsdee 33:147-156.

DRESS ^Li R -,b 1981 ‘ ^ orchids: ““"a 1 histor y and classification. Harvard University Press,

SYSTEMATIC^ OF THE GENUS

RESTREPIOPSIS (ORCHIDACEAE)

t history of Restrepiopsis Lucr ii

The first species of this genus to be recognized was described m 1855 as

Restrepia ujarrensis by Professor Reichenbach from a Costa Rican collection

by Oersted. The similarity of the Up to those in Octomeria R. Br. was noted.

This little species is frequent and widely distributed in Central America with a

disjunct station in western Ecuador. It was first collected near the community

of Ujarrd, misspeUed with a single “r” in the original description

The second species to be recognized is a common, vanable, and widely

distributed Andean species, described from a collection by Dr Jameson nem

Quito, Ecuador, by Professor Lindley in 1859 as “ ££", *

poor collection by Fendler from Venezuela, published as

same time, is undoubtedly the same species. • 1075

The third species, the most unusual in the genus,was^

from Costa Rica under A. R. Entires’ name as Restrepia me n _

The species of the genus were recognized as dhtmet

Br. and Restrepia H.B.K. when Garay (Garay, 1966) “ d “ ded ^ n[ral

several other distantly related species in the genus ReOrep •

American Pleurothailis ophiocepHala Undley, . «P»->“ spe .

any of the others, was designated as the type. Aft wMe |rans f erre d

cies to Dresslerella, the remaining closely mterrcbl pc monotyp ic

to a new genus, Restrepiopsis, in OteZ-

genus. The only similarity between Restrepiella tmOKesr py

cessively single-flowered inflorescence and the number of pollnua, to

ria also shared by Barbosella and Restrepia. Acianthera

The monotypic genus RestrepUUa is c ^ s ^ tt ^ s , rin g^the number of

of PleurotHallis, and Myoxanthus Poepp. & ^ /;a ls stou t with a

pollinia, four instead of two. The few shorter ones at the base,

tubular sheath near or below the middle, an . ^ sepals connate into

The sepals and petals are flesh, and ^Column is stout

a synsepai, andThe lip is ^^^^^Lher.

and winged with a denticulate chnandnum covering

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

The genus Restrepiopsis is closely allied to Octomeria, differing primarily in

the smaller petals and the number of pollinia, four instead of eight. The

ramicaul of Restrepiopsis is mostly enclosed in a series of more or less com¬

pressed, imbricating sheaths, reminiscent of Restrepia. The sepals and petals

are membranous, occasionally fleshy, and glabrous, sometimes cellular-glan¬

dular. The petals of Octomeria are subequal to the sepals, but those of Res¬

trepiopsis are considerably smaller than the sepals. The lateral sepals of Res¬

trepiopsis are usually free, but sometimes coherent (connate at least in one

species). The lip usually possesses a pair of membranous basal lobes more or

less similar to those seen in many species of Octomeria. The column is slen¬

der without wings, and without teeth at the apex. The anther is largely ex¬

posed and subapical.

Vegetatively all the species are basically similar except for Restrepiopsis

reichenbachiana , which is endemic in Middle America. The latter, segregated

here into a monotypic subgenus, Endresia t is distinguished by the short rami-

cauls with pubescent sheaths, and an elongated peduncle. It is not at all close¬

ly related to BatboseUa to which it had also been attributed.

Today, 15 species are recognized from the wet forests of Central America

and the Andes of South America from Venezuela to Bolivia. Only the widely

distributed R. microptera has been identified from Peru, and an endemic

species has been discovered in Bolivia. No species has yet been identified

from the Antilles, the Guianas, or Brazil. In common with most pleurothallid

genera and subgenera, one species (in this case, R. tubulosa ) is widely distrib¬

uted, frequent and variable, from which all the others seem to have evolved.

Unfortunately, populations or individuals intermediate between the common

forms of R. tubulosa and some of the closely allied species recognized here are

s Luer, Selbyana 2:199,1978.

Typc^ResOrpui ujarrensis Rcichb. f., Bonplandia 3:225, II

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

Restrepiopsis subgen. Endresia Luer, leones Pleurothallidinarum I. Syst. of

the Pleurothallidinae, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 15.1986.

Type: Restrepia reichenbachiana Endres ex Reichb. f., Gard. Chron. 2:356,1875.

Ety.: Named in honor of A. R. Endres of Costa Rica who discovered and described the

species upon which the subgenus is based.

Syn.: Restrepia section Pleurothalliformes Endres ex Reichb. f, Gard. Chron. 2:356,1875.

Ety.: Named for the similarity of the plant to a PleurothaOis.

This subgenus contains one vegetatively distinct species found in Costa

Rica and Nicaragua. The short ramicauls are enclosed by two to three pubes¬

cent sheaths. They are neither ribbed nor margined as typical lepanthiform

sheaths. The elongated peduncle exceeds the leaf in length. The floral parts

are typical for Restrepiopsis except that the lateral sepals are totally connate.

The four poUinia are discoid without caudicles. Possibly the elongated pedun¬

cle led some observers to place this species in Barbosella to which it is not

closely related.

Restrepiopsis subgen. Restrepiopsis

Type: Restrepia ujarrensis Reichb. f., Bonplandia 3:225,1855, as ujarensis.

This subgenus contains all the rest of the species of the genus. The rami¬

cauls are as long as or longer than than the leaf, and enclosed by glabrous or

at most cellular-glandular, sheaths. The peduncles and pedicels are shorter

than the leaf.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND

EPITHETS m RESTREPIOPSIS

Restrepiopsis bicallosa Luer & Escobar = Restrepiopsis norae 1

Restrepiopsis carnosa Luer & Vdsquez-“ plate 2 .

Restrepiopsis clausa Luer & Escobar.. " _

Restrepiopsis grandiflom (Garay) Luer = Restrepiopsis nucroptera ^ 3

Restrepiopsis inaequalis Luer & Escobar--- PUte 4.

Restrepiopsis insons Luer & Escobar---*-- ~ 5

Restrepiopsis lehmannii Luer. p^g ^

Restrepiopsis microptera (Schltr.) Luei- 7.

Restrepiopsis monetalis (Luer) Luer„...-—■ . p|a te 8.

Restrepiopsis mulderae Luer... plate 9

Restrepiopsis norae (Garay &Dunsterv.) Luer. • .Plate 10.

Restrepiopsis pandurata Luer & Hirtz. ~_ ^ate 11.

Restrepiopsis powersii Luer.—.•;..

Restrepiopsis pukhella Luer = Restrepiopsis mown* _

Restrepiopsis reichenbachiana (Endres ex Reichb. 1) Loer- ^ ^

Restrepiopsis striata Luer & Escobar.—

Restrepiopsis trilobata (Pabst) Luer = Barbosella tnlobata __ plate 14

Restrepiopsis tubulosa (Lindley) Luer..

1CONES PLEU ROTHALLIDINARUM

key to the subgenera and species of restrepiopsis

Subgenus Endresia

1 Sheaths of the ramicauls pubescent;

peduncle longer than the leaf--- reichenbachiana

Y Sheaths of the ramicauls glabrous, or at most, microscopically

scabrous; peduncle much shorter than the leaf.

2’ Flowers not deistogamous.5

3 Mature ramicauls more than 3 cm long- R clausa

y Mature ramicauls less than 2 cm long. 4

4 Leaf 3-4 mm wide; lip ovate with basal lobes.. R- insons

4’ Leaf 1 mm wide; lip suborbicular..... R lehmannii

5 Mature plant small, not more than 4 cm tall;

lip obtusely ovate with obscure basal lobes-- R ujanensis

5’ Mature plant more than 4 cm tall; lip with

well-developed basal lobes---6

6 Leaf thickly coriaceous, broadly ovate to orbicular. R- monetalis

6' Leaf coriaceous, ovate, narrowly ovate to linear__-7

7 Lateral sepals lightly coherent or connate into a synsepal.8

T Lateral sepals more or less free, at least above the middle-U

8 Leaf ovate; sepals fleshy__ R camosa

8’ Leaf narrowly elliptical to linear, sepals membranous_-9

9 Synsepal concave; lip oblong with obtuse basal lobes__ R mulderae

9’ Synsepal flat; lip not oblong, with acute basal lobes_10

10 Lip pandurate, the margin fringed below the middle. R pandurata

10’ Lip obovate, the margin not fringed___ R striata

11 Leaf narrowly elliptical; flowers small, the sepals

connate below the middle and less than 5 mm long.. R norae

11’ Leaf elliptical-ovate; sepals essentially free,

more than 6 mm long-12

12 Flower medium-sized, the lateral sepals 6-10 mm long_ R tubulosa

12’ Flower large, the lateral sepals more than 10 mm long . .13

13 Dorsal sepal 7-veined; lip markedly sinuate_ R powersii

13* Dorsal sepal 3-veined; lip not markedly sinuate _I 4

14 Dorsal sepal more or less acuminate, about as long as

the lateral sepals, the lateral sepals widest below the

middle; basal lobes of the lip obtuse_ R microptera

14’ Dorsal sepal ovate, 2-3 mm shorter than the lateral sepals,

the lateral sepals widest above the middle;

basal lobes of the lip acute_ . Rinaequalis

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 1. Restrepiopsis camosa Luer & VSsquez

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

ns clausa Luer & Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Dept, of Antioquia: without col-

Robledo at La Ceja, 25 Jan. 1978, C. Luer 2330

(Hdotype: JAUM; Isotype: SEL).

ECUADOR: Prov. of Pichincha: epiphytic in

cloud forest above Tandapi, alt. 1700 m, collect¬

ed by A. Hirtz, flowered in cultivation in Quito

8 Feb. 1986, C. Luer 11700 (MO).

This species is identified by the

small habit usually with a few, yellow¬

ish, cleistogamous flowers in all stages

of development from buds to fruit.

The sepals are lightly adherent. The

lip is distinctive with an acute anterior

lobe with incurved, serrulate margins,

and with a large pair of purple, erect,

rounded, basal lobes.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIOPSIS

Plate 3.

Luer & Escobar

IIIill

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

This species is known from three isolated collections, two in the Eastern

Cordillera of Colombia and one in southern Ecuador. There are minor dif¬

ferences among them, but they appear to represent the same taxon. They may

merely represent extreme forms of the widely distributed concept treated as

R. tubulosa.

In each of the specimens identified as R. inaequalis, the dorsal sepal is

ovate, acute and essentially not concave. The lateral sepals are narrowly

obovate-oblong, obtuse, and 2 to 3 millimeters longer than the dorsal sepal.

The basal lobes of the lip are more or less uncinate.

slender. Ramicauls erect, 3-10 mm long, e

Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, suffused wi

15 mm long, 34 mm wide, cuneate below in

a fascicle by peduncles l-i^m 7<^£T“ “ TJ’ S ° litary ’ cleisto g am ous flowers produced

long pedkel M J lo^rtth th ','? n,ica “ | l n ° ral bra « ^ ■>

i thick foot 03 mm long,

e de Santandei

1981 by R

flowered in __

7437 (Holotype: SEL).

2000 m, collected 12 Nov.

, D. Portillo J. A C. Luer,

Apr. 1982, C. Laict

This tiny species, one of the most

insignificant of the subtribe, is known

from only one collection. It is distin¬

guished by the minute habit with

ramicauls shorter or as long as the

thick, narrowly elliptical leaves. The

successive, budlike flowers never

as the ovaries swell. The lip is

te with a subacute middle lobe

more’t” bIiqile baSal lobes '

of R. n

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

:Lue r&Escobar

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

COLOMBIA: Dept. of Valle del Cauca: epi-

phyuc in humid forest on the coast near Buena¬

ventura, flowers in Nov. and Dec., F. C. Lrh-

hS"i4m H ° ,otypc: K HJL 377) ' c Luer i,_

This tiny species was collected by

Consul Lehmann in a humid forest

along the coast near Buenaventura

Colombia. It was among Lehmann’s

collections purchased by Kew in 1906.

Restrepiopsis lehmannii is distin-

guished by the minute habit, needle-

hke leaves a little longer than the

ramicauls, and a fascicle of minute

flowers, most of which develop cap¬

sules. The flower parts are simple

including the concave, suborbicular lip.

TTie anther is exceptionally large for

the column and it contains a row of

four pollinia.

SYSTEMATICS OF RESTREPIOPSIS

jty lehmannii Luer

100

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

microptera (Schltr.) Luer, Selbyana 2:200,1978.

" ‘ tr -. Repcrt. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 7:108,1920.

.e basal lobes of the Up.

k 266,1966.

Syn.: RestrtpieUa grandiflora Gaiay, Orchid Digest 31:39,1967.

Etyj From the Latin grandiflorus, “with a large flower,”

) Luer, Selbyana 2:

) terrestrial,

erect, stout, 10-24 cm long, enclosed by 7-11 brown, imbricating,

quently shed. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, elliptical, subacute

“* ' *" ' n long. Infloreso

i long from 5-8 r

long, with a filament 2-3 n

brown, thickened toward the apex,

11-13 e-

COLOMBIA; Dept, of Antioquia: epiphytic in

forests around Abejorral and La Ceja, alt 1700-

2^M»r.-Apr. 1889, F. C. uLann m2

(Holotype: ?); same area, F. C. Lehmann M

00; near La Ceja, flowered in cultivation bv M

f° - ^ Oja. 6 Oct. 1977, C.

1934 (SEL); terrestrial on the road-cut near

Maop 0 ^, alt 2400 m, 8 Apr. 198

1- Luer, R Escobar 13065 (MO). Dept of Norte

^ 1 D 9 t | 4 nd ' r / V,to d . c , Mcfuc - alL 2500 m, 12

Lutr ‘ "■ Esc ° bar * E -

ECUADOR: P rov . of Chimborazo Mo.,.

Cajabamba, J. Saobtl s.n. (AMES IVDa of ff

?om° Ck J 477 > (AMES): ^rth of

2150-2200 m, 2 June 1986, S

toopp, P. Alcorn, J. Mallet A H. Esley 7531

This robust species, relatively fre¬

quent in all three cordilleras of

Colombia, is often found colonizing

collected by Co^T '* “ less fre< l uent - It was first

Ceja where it is ^iU frequenHoday.^ 6 m °“ ^ La

- to «-* oft “ ™ ed “ red

The basal lobes of thTiip 0 f V? desenbed as R grandiflom.

degree of variation which must he ^ larger, but considering the

insignificant allowed in & tubulosa, these differences are

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

101

; micrvpuru (Schftr.) Luc r

102

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

nonetalis (Luer) Luer, Selbyana 7:128,1982.

Bas.: Octomeria monetalis Luer, Phytologia 46: 353,1980.

Ety.: From the Latin monrtalis, “like a

Syn.: Restrepiopsis pukhella Luer, Phytologia 54: 389,1983.

Ety.: From the Latin pukhellus, “pretty,” referring to qualities of tl

Plant small, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls erect, slender, 1.5-4 cm long,

enclosed by 3-4 imbricating, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, suffused

with purple, broadly ovate to suboibicular, the apex obtuse to rounded, 2-3.3 cm long, 1.2-2.7

nun wide, the rounded base contracted into a more or less twisted petiole 1-5-3 mm long. Inflo¬

rescence a succession of single flowers produced in a fascicle by peduncles 3-7 mm long from

near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bract 34 mm long; pedicel 4-5 mm long, with a small fila¬

ment; ovary 3 mm long; sepals fleshy, yellow-green, suffused or dotted with purple especially

the lateral sepals ovate to obovate, oblique, subacute, 7-11 mm long, 25-45 mm wide, 3-veined;

pandurate-trilobed, 4-7 mm long, 3.25-55 mm wide above the^rriddlefthe apex broadly rounded

or lightly retuse, the disc with a pair of low calli extending forward from the basal lobes, concave

between, the basal lobes erect, thin, broad, oblique, subacute, the base hinged to the column-

foot; column greenish white, slender, semiterete, 354 mm long, with a thick foot 1 mm long;

pollinia normally 4, often with 1 or 2 extra pairs.

Normally, specimens erf R. monetalis have four pollinia. An additional four

srnaUer pollinia had been produced by the Ecuadorian plant originally de¬

scribed which led to the decision to place the species in Octomeria. Subse¬

quently, normal” plants with only four pollinia, and a plant with the four

pollinia plus only two additional, smaller pollinia has been seen.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

j ismulderaelxex

106

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

repiopsis none (Garay & Dunsterv.) Luer, Selbyana 2: 200,1978.

as.: Restrepiella norae Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. Orchids III., 6: 388,1976.

ty.: Named in honor of Nora Dunsterville, wife and companion to G. C. K. Dunsterville,

eir years in Venezuela.

Escobar, Selbyana 2: 201,1978.

VENEZUELA: Edo. Zulia: Siei

inul from Pishicacao to Socorpa, July 1972, G.

CK. Dunsterville 1232 (Holotype: AMES);

same area, alt. 1400 m, Aug. 1976, G. C K

Dunsterville sji. (VEN). *"

061,1 of An ‘'°quia: Munic. of

Santa Rosa Repressa de la Garcia, alt. 2300-

JSLV? l* b y S K«trepo, flowered in

Zr?" El Rc,0ro - 26 Jan. 1978, C. Luer

i7oo - 2oo ° *•

ST -55

ssssstsstgg^

zfczxz'saurz

S3- !' Was first collected by

Consul Lehmann above Popaydn in

^Colombia. U distinguished — . .

flowers arcb^m^L^fa^^V 0118, eUiptical leaves - The ver y smaU ’ solitaiy

The populations varv 156(111110165 U P to a centimeter long.

' . ary somewhat venetatiwh/ ; n ^ ^ Q f the ^Ui and

__ vegeianvely and in the size of the calli and

as R. bicallosa are nodce^hhfi 1<)beS ° f ^ ^ P ‘ The 63111 of 1116 P lant described

degrees in between ha ^ la ° 111056 1566,1 111 other populations, but

ve subseauently been seen.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

107

Plate9. Res'rewsisnoraeiGW*^^

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

Plate 10. Resvtpiopvs p^ndunm Luer & Hirtz

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

111

Plate 11. Restrepiopsis powersii 1

112

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

» ex Reichb. f.) Luer, Selbyana 5: 387,

oes 2 at once, by peduncles 5-8 cm long, with a

ramicaul; floral bract 35 mm long; pedicel 2.5 mm long, with a Filament 2.5 mm

it green, glabrous, the dorsal sepal narrowly o

AMES). I __

Vit0 Java, flowered in culthatRmby So.

Clara de Moya in San Josl 18 Mar loss r

Luer 12080 (MO). Prov. ?, B Por6, alt 900 m,

hi. Valerio 2573 (AMES).

NICARAGUA Piov. of Zelaya: between Siuna

and Rosita, alt. 500 m, A. Heller 4620 (AMES,

SEL ): Comarca del Cabo, between Wasoan and

the column-foot; column greenish

J. Atwood 481QA (MO, SEL).

This little species, found in Costa

Rica and Nicaragua, differs the mo^t

from the criteria that distinguish the

other members of the genus. The

ramicauls, enclosed by pubescent

sheaths, are shorter than the leaves;

the peduncles are much longer that!

the leaves; the lateral sepals are con¬

nate into a synsepal; and the four pol-

hma are discoid without caudicles. With some of the above characters this

resembles a Barbosella, but the details of the lip and

column immethately separate it from Barbosella. It is treated here in a

As if a target for the pollinator,

darkly pigmented spot is present at the

protruding synsepal. Otherwise, the sepals are translucent

114

ICONES PLEUROTIIALLIDINARUM

Restrepiopsis striata Luer & Escobar, Orquideologfo 16(1): 43,1983.

Ety.: From the Latin strums , “striped,” in reference to the purple-striped flowers.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

115

Plate 13. Restrepiopsissmaa^ &

116

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Restrepiopsis tubulosa (Lindley) Luer, Selbyana 2: 200,1978.

Bas.: Pleurothallis tubulosa lindley, Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 107,19,1859.

Ely.: From the Latin tubulosus, “tubular,” apparently in reference to the spathe.

Syn.: Pleurothallis vuidula Lindley, Folia Orchid. Pleuroth. 103,19,1859.

Ety.: From the Latin viridulus, “a little green,” referring to the color of the flower.

j tubulosa (Lindley) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:668,1891.

r. Gen. PL 2:668.1891.

x Nov. Regni Veg Beih. 7:102,1920.

Syn.: RestrepieOa tubulosa (Lindley) Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. Orchids Ill. 4:266,1966.

Syn.: Restrepietta vuidula (Lindley) Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. Orchids HI. 4:268,1966.

Syn.: Restrepiopsis vuidula (lindley) Luer, Selbyana 2:200,1978.

Plant small to medium in size, epiphytic to lithophytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls

erect, 2-12 cm long, enclosed by 4-8 brown, imbricating, ribbed, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect,

coriaceous, ovate, acute, subacute to obtuse, 2-6 cm long, 1-3 cm wide, the base cuneate into a

petiole 2 mm long. Inflorescence a succession of single flowers produced in a fascicle by pedun¬

cles 3-6 mm long from near the apex of the ramicaul; floral bract 3-5 mm long; pedicel 3-6 mm

long, with a Filament 2-3 mm long; ovary 3-4 mm long; sepals white, greenish white to green,

with or without suffusion or veining in brown or purple, the dorsal sepal ovate, concave, acute to

subacute, 6-8 mm long, 3-5 mm wide expanded, 3-veined, the lateral sepals oblong, oblique,

subacute to obtuse, 5.5-8 mm long, 1.75-2 mm wide, l(3)-veined, lightly adherent to free; petals

translucent white to green, elliptical, obtuse, microscopically erase, 3-5 mm long, 1-25 mm wide,

1-veincd; lip light green, with or without suffusion with brown or purple, oblong-trilobed, 4-7

mm long 2-4 mm wide, with minutely erase margins, the apex obtuse to rounded, sometimes

minutely apieulate, the disc with a pair of calli extending forward from the basal lobes, the basal

lobes erect, thin, oblique, obtuse to truncate, the base hinged to the column-foot; column green-

l long with a thick foot 1 mm long

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

117

Plate 14. Restrepiopsis tubule* (Ltodky) L«r

118

ICONES PLEUROTHALUDINARUM

r , 1854, Fendler 1486 (K, type of P. vuidula ). Dist. Fed.: between

_„_d Colonia Tovar, alt. 2200 m, 31 July 1966, /. A. Steyermark A M. Robe 95979 (VEN);

Las Aguaditas, alt. 2000 m, 6 Oct. 1980, /. A. Steyermark A F. Delascio 123514 (VEN); Miranda,

Silla de Caracas, alt. 1800 m, 17 Oct. 1971, G. Morillo A B. Manara 1651 (VEN). Edo. Aragua:

est near Colonia Tovar, alt. 7000 ft., Sept. 1960, G. C --- ^

n La Carbonera and Agulita, a

t 1429 (SEL), C I

. K. DunsterviUe 573. Edo. M6rida:

f 1982, G. C. K.

_ _ _ _ r illustr. 8104. Edo. Tachira: Paramo de Tami, alt. 2500 m, 18

May 1967, / A. Steyermark A G . C. K. DunsterviUe 98491 (VEN). Edo. Zulia: Dist. Perij*,

cnto Frc ” " n '~~ J * r ^

. 2700-3300 m, 20 July 1974, C. W. Wood A P. E. Berry 77 (MO,

COSTA RICA: Without locality, A. Endres 6 (W). Prov. of Alajuela: epiphytic above San

Ram6n, alt. 1025 m, Nov. 1925, A. M. Brenes 185 (CR, type of P. flavescens presumably de¬

stroyed at B). Prov. of Cartago: Catie, east of Turrialba, Canyon of Rio Reventaz6n, alt. 525-600

m, 9 Mar. 1983, R. Liesner et al. 15290 (MO); San Carlos, Aguas Zarcas, Apr. 1923, O. Jimenez A

C. H. Lankester 2003 (AMES); Pejivalle, C. H. Lankester 1160 (AMES).

PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriqui: Cerro Colorado, alt. 1350 m, 17 Apr. 1986, G. McPherson 8993

(MO). Prov.ofVeraguas,alt.ca. 1000 m,5Sept 1976,C LuerAR.L. Dressier 1248 (SEL).

This spedes, the most widely distributed and most frequent spedes in the

genus, was described as Pleurothallis tubulosa by Professor Lindley from

collections near Lloa just outside Quito, Ecuador, by Dr. Jameson in 1857.

Simultaneously, Lindley published a collection from Venezuela without collec¬

tion data made by Fendler in 1854 as P. viridula. I have chosen to place

Fendler’s older collection in the synonomy of R. tubulosa because the mor¬

phology of R. tubulosa is dearly documented, and the plant is still to be found

at the original locality. Also, Lindley was unsure about his description of R.

vuidula, dedaring that it “requires further examination.”

As defined here this concept indudes several forms, all of which seem to

represent one variable species because too many intermediate forms occur.

Restrepiopsis tubulosa seems to be the “mother” species from which all the

other spedes of the genus have evolved (except R. reichenbachiana ). The

extensive range of R. tubulosa indudes that of all the other spedes.

Vegetatively R. tubulosa is variable in size, and florally, in details of the

flower. The plants vary from very small to as large as some plants of R■ mi-

croptera , depending upon the habitat. The flowers also seem to intergrade

between the two, so that it is sometimes difficult to dedde upon an identifica¬

tion. Plants from Central America known as Pleurothallis flavescens are

vegetatively small. The leaves of R. tubulosa are ovate and shorter than the

ramicauls.

Around 1867 Endres sent Reichenbach excellent drawings and herbarium

material of this species from Costa Rica. Endres recognized that it was dif¬

ferent from Reichenbach’s Restrepia ujarrensis with which he compared it. He

proposed the name Restrepia dubia.

The color of the flower varies from white or greenish white to green, with

or without suffusion, flecks, or veining in brown or purple. Considerable

variation in the shape of the lip must be allowed. A drawing of floral parts on

one oFthe two herbarium sheets of Jameson’s collections at Kew shows acute,

falcate basal lobes of the lip. The drawing on the other sheet shows low,

broad basal lobes of the lip. Recent collections from the same areas, as well

as from other areas of Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela and Central America

skw both and intermediate forms. The much larger anterior lobe of the lip is

also subject to variations in shape. Combinations of these variations occur.

DunsterviUe’s drawing in Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated identified as

RestrepteUa viridula is Restrepiopsis tubulosa. His drawing of Restrepiopsis

stnata is identified as Restrepiella tubulosa.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF RESTREPIOPSIS

119

Restrepiopsis ujarrensis (Reichb. f.) Luer, Selbyana 2:200,1978, as ujarensis.

Bas.: Restrepia ujarrensis Reichb. f., Bonplandia 3:225,1855, as ujarensis.

Ety.: Named for the community of Ujarris, Costa Rica, near the locality where the species

was discovered. The double “r” was not noted.

Syn.: Pleurothallis ujarrensis (Reichb. f.) Lindley, Folia Orchid. Pkuroth. 19,1859.

Syn.: Humboldtia ujarrensis (Reichb. f.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:668,1891.

Syn.: Restrepielia ujarrensis (Reichb. f.) Garay & Dunsterv., Venez. Orchids DL 4:266,1966.

120

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 15 * Restrepiopsis ujarrensis (Reichb. f.) Luer

ICONES PLEU ROTHALLIDINA RUM

$UcO)*A

s by A. R. Endrcs of Endres 54, 1868,

123

SYSTEMATIC^ OF THE GENUS

SALPISTELE(ORClUDACEAE)

This genus was first recognized by A. R. Entires, —-

of innumerable species of orchids from Costa Rica in the last century In

ui mnumcraoic species ui uicmua “'-'*** —

1868, he sent to Reichenbach numerous herbarium spceimwu*, ---

tions and detailed descriptions of what is known today as Salpistele brunnea

with the proposed name Oreades for a presumed new genus. Judging oy

copious amount of fine material in Reichenbach’s herbarium, n r

certainly have been very interested in this taxon. For unknown reasons.

Reichenbach failed to recognize the species in any genus. D . rt ,

Finally in 1975, the genVwas recognized independent* by

Dressier when he became acquainted with several pop ions

of this genus in the adjacent province of Chinquf “J w ^ s shaped col-

published the genus as Salpistele , characterized by the trumpe ped

umn, with the two species in 1979. ».«, included in Salpistele

Two more or less related Andean speaes ^ed a ,he

(Luer 1986). Similarly, these two speaes ^ F. C.

last century, one by Dr. William barium a. Kew.

Lehmann, both collections lying umdentiF ^ ^

Specimens of both species were recollected in ® genus Upon-

by Mille, Diels, and Penland and Summers and ^ six

thes by Schlechter, Mansfeld, and L. O. ^ t he two from

species are known: four from Panama and Costa Kica,

Ecuador. . ■ e very similar to some

Vegetatively the four Central American spe_ ^ creeping,

species of Pleurothallis subgenus Specklinia _ ram icaul is enclosed by

elo ngating successively flowered racemes. S pedes are repent forming

thin, glabrous sheaths. Vegetatively the An ean

elongated rhizomes that resemble some speaes . ^ ^pals and petals

FloraUy the genus Salpistele American species complete-

are membranous, the lateral sepals of the ^ ^ three .iobed with

ly connate into a synsepal. The petals are ^ various | y formed midlobe,

the basal lobes embracing the column, footless column. The apex

The Up is attached to the base of a cyUndncai t0 form a collar

of the column is more or less dilated and flattened on tne

124

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

around the apical anther, rostellum and stigma. The two pollinia are associat¬

ed with a tiny visddium.

The genus is divided into two subgenera, the two Andean species being

repent with echinate ovaries, lateral sepals free above the middle, abbreviated

petals, and auriculate lateral lobes of a lip with a central callus; the four

Central American species being caespitose with smooth ovaries, lateral sepals

connate into a synsepal, elongate petals, and slender lateral lobes of a lip

without a callus. Although the two subgenera have similar floral structures, it

is possible that these resemblances are parallelisms.

Salpistele Dressier, Orquideologfa 14:6,1979.

Type: Salpistele brumea Dressier, Orquideologfa 14:6,1979.

Ely-: From the Greek salpinx, “a trumpet,” and stele, “a column,” hence a trumpetlike

column, referring to the morphology of the column.

Salpistele subgen. Andinia Luer, subgen. n

Petala abbreviate.

This subgenus is characterized by the repent habit; echinate ovaries; lateral

sepafc free above the middle; abbreviated petals; large, auriculate lateral lobes

orrne up; and a callus on the disc of the lip. The subgenus includes two

r, Orquideologfa 14:6,1979.

later^senatf enVtS ** c ^ laracter * ze ^ by a caespitose habit; glabrous ovaries;

connate «"t 0 a synsepal; elongated petals; slender lateral lobes of

m the disc of the lip. This subgenus in-

SYSTEMATIC? OF SALPISTELE

125

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Subgenus Salpistele

Salpistele brunnea Dressier_«

Salpistele dressleri Luer____

Salpistele lutea Dressier.. .—

Salpistele parvula Luer & Dressier-

. Plate L

. Plate 2.

. Plate 3.

Plate 4.

Subgenus Andinia

Salpistele dielsii (Mansf.) Luer__—

Salpistele pensilis (Schltr.) Luer-

Plate 5.

Plate 6.

KEY TO THE SPECIES AND SUBGENERA OF SALPISTELE

1 Habit repent: ovaries echinate; lateral sepals free above the

V Habit caespitose; ovaries glabrous; lateral sepals connate to the apex.

2 Habit ascending with an ascem

abruptly contracted into a sma

2’ Habit pendent with

subacute to obtuse..

3 Dorsal sepal and synsepal ovate, at least 2 mm v

lip about as long as the column--

3’ Sepals narrowly ovate, about 1 5 mm wide; bp m

than the column; apex of the column ovate

4 Sepals brown, more or less marked with yellow,

apex of the column expanded, triangular

4’ Sepals yellow, spotted with brown;

not expanded, ovate to suborbicula. —

5 Sepals about 5 mm long; lip half as long as Ae

5* Sepals about 3 mm long; lip nearly as long as

S. pensilis

_5. lutea

..5. dressleri

126

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plant small, epiphytic to terrestrial in moss, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender,

erect, 3-15 mm long, enclosed by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, faintly subverru-

cose on the dorsum, elliptical, petiolate, subacute to obtuse, 8-20 mm long (rarely 45 nun long)

including a petiole 2-5 mm long (up to 15 mm long), 4-9 mm wide, the base cuneate into the

petiole. Inflorescence a successively several-flowered, flexuous raceme up to 6.5 cm long includ¬

ing the peduncle 5-15 mm long, from high on the ramicaul, more or less creeping, the flower

resupinate; floral bract oblique, acute, 1.5 mm long; pedicel 1 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long;

sepals red-brawn or chocolate brown, sometimes with yellow markings and margins, the dorsal

sepal ovate, acute, shortly acuminate, concave, 43-63 mm long, 23-33 mm wide expanded, 3-

veined, the lateral sepals totally connate into an ovate, acute, synsepal, 43-6 mm long, 2-3 mm

4-6 mm long, 0.4-0.7 mm wide, 1-veined; lip brown, long-pubescent, 3-lobed, “U-

mm lone. 15 mm wide expanded, the lateral lobes narrowly uncinate, surrounding

recurved, abruptly contracted into a slender, reflexed tail, 03-1

.- 1 flat, triangular surface 1.5 mm long, 1 mm wide,

:r and stigma.

PANAMA: Prov. of Chiriquf: Cerro Colorado,

about 50 Km north of San Felix, alt. ca. 1300 m,

19 Aug. 1975, R. L. Dressier 5124 (Holotype:

US; Isotype: PMA), flowered in cultivation!^.

Luer iilustr. 14551; same locality, alt 1300-1450

m, 15-16 February 1977, R. L. Dressier 5617

(MO, SEL); San Ram6n, headwaters of Rio

Caldera, alt. 2000 m, 22 Oct 1967, R L Dressier

3123 (MO; FLAS); near the pass over Cerro

Fortuna, alt. ca. 1400 m, 16 Aug. 1976, R. L.

Drt^er 5423 (PMA); Fortuna, March 1985, A.

Madura 14-M (MO), C. Luer iilustr. 14554.

Cbd<: ncar Asenadero El Cop6, alt.

800-900 m, 10 Apr. 1977, R L. Dressier 5645

(PMA, SEL). Prov. of Veraguas: “Buenos

Aires,” east of Cerro Tute, northwest of Santa

^^T' 24D “' ,976 ’ R '- Cr “ te

COSTA RICA: Prov. of Alajuela: above San

Rando, 1868,/t. R Endres 54 (MO, W).

More than a century ago, Endres

sent Reichenbach long, detailed, hand¬

written descriptions of this species

om Costa Rica, as well as 13 different sets of beautiful, minutely detailed

accurate illustrations of the habit, frontal and oblique views of the flower,

numerous views of the floral parts including the column, anther, pollinia

stigma. A very serviceable microscope must have been at Endres’ dispos-

mounrT ty nme generous herbarium specimens collected by Endres now

unide Ff*°!i S ^ eets were discovered without identification among the

Med « W Why Reichenbach

he Sde S ^ < &r,r?'^' ent J Ually described b y R - L Dressier from a collection

1957 Subsemi nJc rad ° m western Panama. He had first found plants in

quent in all the ^ ^ bnmnea has been found to be local but relatively fre-

often m mats lr.r° U ^ amS ° f western Panama. It grows among deep moss,

on the trunks of large trees in wet, virgin forests. The moss

/ 7 \

SYSTEMATIC^ OF SALPISTELE

127

Plate 1. Salpistekbmnnea

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

obscures the creeping inflorescence that bears the flower some distance from

the little, caespitose plant.

Among the Central American species of the genus, S. brunnea is distin¬

guished by brown sepals sometimes marked with yellow-green or with yellow-

green margins; a deeply concave dorsal sepal; a slender, acutely reflexed

midlobe of the lip; and a comparatively large or expanded, triangular surface

of the apex of the column.

SaJpistele dressleri Luer, sp. nov.

f Dr. Robert L. Dre

, Canal Zone, 1

y of the Smithsonian Tropical

xjIs slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 12-15 mm long,

d by 2 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, elliptical, petiolate, acute to subacute,

e 5-7 nun long, 6-8 nun wide, the base cuneate into the petiole,

reral-flowered, flexuous raceme up to 6 cm long including the

» long, from high on the ramicaul, more or less creeping; floral bract oblique,

acute, 2 mm long; pedicel 2-3 mm long; ovary 0.5 mm long sepals yellow-brown, f' ’

About 1979, a plant of this species

was collected by R. L. Dressier near

Fortuna in the Chiriquf province of

western Panama. Because it was not

in flower, he dispatched it to J & L

Orchids in Connecticut for cultivation.

Today it continues to grow and flower

well. A photograph of this species,

identified as S. lutea, was included on

page 15 in the article in which the

genus Salpistele was described (Orqui-

deologia, voL 14,No.l).

Among the Central American

species of the genus, S. dressleri is

^ ** l by.

/ / \

Q~f -

pah^ a slender but deeply concave or boat-shaped dorsal sepal and synsepal;

a much smaUer U P with slender, sparsely long-ciliate

surface of thethe mi<Uobe; and a comparatively small, elliptical

SYSTEMATIC^ OF SALPISTELE

Plate 2. Salpistele dressleri Luer

SYSTEMATIC* OF SALPISTELE

Plate 3. Salpistele lutea Dressier

132

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

PANAMA: Prov. of CocM: hills north of El

Valle de Antdn, alt. ca. 900 m, 3 Dec. 1978, R.

L Dressier 5832 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: FLAS).

Although the size of the plants of

the other Central American species of

Salpistele varies considerably, none

produces plants as small as those of

this species collected by Dressier in the

hills above El Valle de Ant6n. Here

this species grows abundantly on the

trunks of large trees, but it has not yet

been found elsewhere.

Salpistele parvula is distinguished

by the tiny.

r°

the surrounding vegetative debris as is

seen in the related, larger species. The

resupinate, gaping flowers are very

small, the sepals measuring less than -*-

len jf-Tte Petals are very slender'and dliate. The tiny Up

15 *“ “ d '«o«s Although similar in size and shape to that of 5

ie hp is newly as long as the cylindrical column. The Up of S. dres-

II smaller (Jj e col umn

SYSTEMATIC^ OF SALPISTELE

Plate 4. Salpistele parvida Luer & Dressier

SYSTEMATIC? OF SALPISTELE

135

Plate 5. Salpistele dielsii (Mansf.) Luer

136

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ECUADOR: Prov. of Chimborazo: i

tains above Riobamba, A. /

B?). Prov. of Irababura: ]

3300 m, 2 June 1939, C. W. Penland A R. H.

Summers 835 (AMES, holotypc of Lepanthes

Umcipetala); margin of paramo between Atun-

taiqui and Hda. Pinon, alt. 11,300 ft., 20 June

1944, L L. Wiggins 10327 (US); wet rainforest,

Cerro Muenala, above Rio Asabi, alt. 9500 ft.,

3 Dec 1943, W. B. Drew E-46 (AMES); west of

Otavalo, alt. 2800 m, 24 Aug 1978, C. Luer, J.

Luer £ A. Him 3331, 3332 (SEL); Mqjanda, ah.

3000 m, Nov. 1983, A. Him 1354 (MO); Mojan¬

da. alt. 3400 m, Apr. 1984, A. Him 1683, 1684

a,t - 3400 m ’ 29 Sept* 1984. A.

Hmz 1935 (MO); Selva Alegre, alt. 3000 m 29

Sept. 1984, A. Him 1928 (MO). Without locali¬

ty « tole , F C. Lehmann B.T. 1316 (K).

This species was first collected by

Consul Lehmann, probably in the

latter part of the last century, but the

specimen lay at Kew undescribed. It

was collected again in this century

about 1913 by Father Mille and de¬

scribed as a Lepanthes by Schlechter.

rp. . J ‘vug-pcuucm naou wun only tne racemes ascending,

me color of the flowers varies from yellow to red. The sepals are carinate,

SUIT 6 ; a fu 1CUlate r minutely ciUate ’ and ^e petals are vestigial, all very

brac^tk** ° f S.dUelsn. The auriculate lateral lobes of the lip also em-

AboveUa

ove the other. This callus varies in size and

if point is barely present or even absent.

SYSTEMAT1CS OF SALPISTELE

137

Plate 6. Salpistele pensilis (Schltr.) Luer

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

suggestions of Dr. Robert L. Dressier.

INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES

: 123,124,128,132

en. Andinia 123,124,125

at. Salpistelc 123,124,125

e!e brunnea 123,124,125,126, F

U 124,125,134, Plate 5,136

sleri 123,125,128, Plate 2., 132

125,128,134, Plate 3.

da 123,125,132, Plate 4.

ifc 125,136, Plate 6.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Plate 6. (I J>.VII

SYSTEMATIC^ OF TEAGUEIA

141

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TEAGUEIA

_ T. rex

T. tentaculata

3 Flowers cleistogamous

3’ Flowers not cleistogam

. T. lehmannii

1 Habit ascending, repent; leaves acute.

1* Habit caespitose; leaves obtuse to rounded.

2 Sepals pubescent, up to 20 mm long-

2’ Sepals ciliate, up to 30 mm long.

sly flowered; lateral sepals deeply c

5 Sepals pubescent, about 20 mm long..

5’ Sepals ciliate, about 10 mm long.

T. zeus

T. phasmida

. T. teaguei

142

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Teagueia lehmannii Luer, sp. nov.

lato-concavo, intus verrucukso, ad basim auriculato distinguitur.

Plant average in size for the genus, epiphytic, caespitose; roots fleshy. Ramicauls erect,

slender, 15-15 cm long, enclosed by 2-3 thin, tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, coriaceous, 5-6 cm

long including a petiole 2-25 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 1.2-1.4 cm wide, cuneate

below into the slender petiole. Inflorescence an erect, loose, more or less secund, simultaneous-

COLOMBIA: Dept, of Cauca: epiphytic in

thick, moist forest near La Conga on the west

slopes of the Andes west of Popaykn, F. C.

Lehmann s.n. (Holotype: K, HJL 1361 C Luer

illustr. 14909.

This species seems to have been

collected but once, probably about a

century ago by Consul Lehmann in a

moist forest on the slopes of the Andes

west of Popaydn. The specimen has

lain unidentified at Kew since it was

obtained in 1906. Unusual for Leh¬

mann’s collections, no date, altitude or

collection number are given. The

color of the flowers also was not stat¬

ed, but they appear to have been a

tight color suffused with a darker color

in a transverse band across the lower

thirds of the sepals. The lip appears to

have been darkly colored.

Teagueia lehmannii is distinguished

by the deistogamous flowers. A swol¬

len ovary is present with every flower

that has remained on the inflorescence. The long tails of the three sepals

appear never to have parted. The petals are minute and pointed. The lip is

ovoid with incurved sides to produce a deep channel or cavity with a verrucose

callus within above the base. Externally is a pair of unspread, basal auricles.

SYSTEMATIC^ OF TEAGUEIA

143

SYSTEMATIC^ OF TEAGUEIA

145

Plate 5. Teagueia tentaculata Luer & Hirtz

146

ICONES PLEUR0THALUD1NARUM

Lepanthopsis 139,140,144

Platystele 139

subgen. Teagucia 139,140

Platystele tcaguci 140

Pleurothailis 139

sect. NfacrophyUae-Fasciculatae 139

Stdis 139

147

addenda to platystele,

PORROGLOSSUM AND SCAPHOSEPALUM

r & Hirtz, sp. n

x Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

i Lucr & Andrcetta, sp. nov.

_ sp. now.

This species is closely allied 1

, p. hirtzii with which it grows, but P. delhier-

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 74. Platystele delhierroi Luer & Hirtz

150

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Plate 75. Platystele scopuUfera Luer & Dodson

SYSTEMATICS OF PLATYSTELE

151

Plate 76. Platystele ximenae Luer & Hirtz

152

Porroglossum actrix Luer & Escobar, sp. nov.

Ety.: From the Latin actrix, “a performer ” in allusion to a walker of the high wire.

Species haec P. amethystino (Reichb. f.) Garay affinis, sed foliis spathulatis, pedunculo

breviori, sepalo dorsali latissimo et labelli callo crassiore differt.

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls slender, erect, 7-10

mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, 4-4.5 cm long including

a petiole 13-2 cm long, the blade elliptical, obtuse, 12-13 mm wide, the base cuneate into the

slender petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-flowered raceme, with the flowers

resupinate, borne by an erect, smooth, slender peduncle 4-73 cm long, with 2-3 closely applied,

distant bracts, horn low on the ramicaut; floral bracts imbricating, 3-5 mm long; pedicel 8 mm

long; ovary 23 mm long sepals glabrous, the dorsal sepal orange-brown, transversely oblong-

COLOMBIA: Intend, of Putumayo: above Villa

Garzdn, alt. ca. 2000 m, collected by Julio Cesar

Miranda, Jr, May 1989, flowered in cultivation

at Colomborquideas, Mar. 1990, R. Escobar

4050 (Holotype: MO; Isotype: JAUM), G Luer

illustr. 14787.

This pretty species of section Porro¬

glossum is apparently endemic on the

eastern slope of the Andes of southern

Colombia. It is identified by the ex¬

tremely broad, orange-brown dorsal

sepal with an acutely reflexed, short

tail. The lemon yellow lateral sepals

are much narrower with a straight pair

of slender tails extended outward from

each side like a miniature balancing

pole of an aerialist on a high wire. The

callus on the base of the blade of the

lip above the strap is thick.

SYSTEMATICS OF PORROGLOSSUM

Plate 33. Porroglossum actrix Luer & Escobar

154

ICONES PLEUROTHALLIDINARUM

Porroglossum dreisei Luer & Andreetta, sp. nov.

Ety.: Named in honor of Egpn Dreise of Laval, Quebec, Canada, co-discoverer of this spe-

Plant medium in size, epiphytic, caespitose; roots slender. Ramicauls blackish, slender,

erect, 6-8 mm long, enclosed by 2-3 tubular sheaths. Leaf erect, thickly coriaceous, lightly verru-

cose, 15-5 cm long including a petiole 1-2 cm long, the blade eUiptical-obovate, obtuse, 9-12 mm

wide, the base cuneate into the slender petiole. Inflorescence a congested, successively few-

flowered raceme, with the flowers resupinate, borne by an erect, smooth, slender peduncle 16-18

cm long, with 3 closely applied, distant bracts, from low on the ramicaul; floral bracts tubular,

imbricating, 5 mm long; pedicel 6 mm long; ovary dark purple, 4.5 mm long; sepals fleshy, light

tan with darker veins, minutely pubescent within, the hairs red, the dorsal sepal ovate, more or

less conduphcate, the blade subquadrate, 6-7 mm long, 5 mm wide expanded, with minutely

erase margins, connate to the lateral cenalc fi nr 1 Ik. „„„„ » 1 _ 1_1

blades 3.5 mm long, 83 mm

about 14 mm long, the lateral sepals transversely oblong, the

gradually contracted into thick, curved, decurved tails 12

, ovate-oblong, 43 mm

tong, 1-2 mm wide, obtusely angled on both margins in the middle third; lip 1<

» long, 3 mm wide

; free apex o

ECUADOR. Prov. of Morona-Santiago: Cor¬

dillera del Condor, epiphytic near Rio Tunt-

eime, alt. 1700 m, collected by A. Andreetta, M.

Portilla A E. Dreise, fkn

A. Andreetta at Paute,:

15220 (Hototype: MO).

This species of section Porroglos¬

sum was first discovered by Padre

Andreetta and Mario Portilla, and

later with Egon Dreise in the Cordil¬

lera del Condor. Porroglossum dreise

is distinguished by the large, resupi¬

nate flower with prominent, broad,

curved, straplike sepaline tails. The

petals are obtusely angled and the

glabrous lip is narrowly cuneate with a

sulcate apex. The ovary is not twisted.

The flowers attain their resupinate

position by a backward bending of the

pedicel