tm Australasian Herbarium News. No. 7, September

1950.

Miss Tindale has recently drawn our attention

to a paper by He S. Marshall in the Journal of

the Society for Bibliography of Natural History,

Vol. 1. part 3, July 1937, dealing with the

publications of the various volumes cf Benthan's

Flora Australiensis. This article is not yet

available in our library, and perhaps may not be

abailable in the libraries of other Australian

herbaria. As the subject is of general interest

to taxonomic workers it may be worth while repeat-

ing the dates here:

Flora Australiensis

Vol. le 50th Vay 1863

B oJ Sth Oct. 106,

" 3s 5th Jane 1867

E ye 16th Dece 1868

" 6, Wot later than Oct. 1870

"5 66. 23rd Sept. 1873

" 7, Not later than 30th March 1878.

CONCLUDING PREFACE.

In bringing the present work to a close it had been my intention, as

announced in the Preface to the first volume, to have supplemented

it with an account of the species added to the Australian Flora during

its progress, and a detailed examination of the relations as well of

the whole flora to that of other countries, as of its component parts to

each other. I now, however, find that this would entail more labour

than at my age it would be prudent to undertake. The additional

species have, moreover, been described by Baron von Mueller in his

Fragmenta; and itis to be hoped that, in order to render these

descriptions readily accessible to those who have to make use of my

Flora, he will consolidate them into a methodical synopsis in con-

formity with the system I have adopted. This would give him the

opportunity of re-arranging my genera with reformed characters in

those cases where his views have proved to be at variance with mine.

With regard to Geographical Distribution, I can only repeat that

recent discoveries and the additional data collected have generally

confirmed the principles laid down by J. D. Hooker in the admirable

Essay prefixed to his ' Flora Tasmaniz,’ and that it is only in minor

details that corrections or additions have now to be made to it. These

I am compelled to leave in other hands; but it may be useful on the

present occasion to recapitulate shortly the general characteristics of

the chief component parts of the present Flora of Australia (including

Tasmania). SUM

1. The predominant portion appears to be strictly indigenous. Not-

withstanding an evident though very remote ordinal tribual or

vi CONCLUDING PREFACE,

generic connection with Africa, the great mass of purely Australian

species and endemic genera, must have originated or been dif-

ferentiated in Australia, and never have spread far out of it. The

only exceptions observed are a few Australian types (e.g, Euca-

lypti, Epacridee, Phyllodineous Acacias, etc.) appearing in the Malayan

Archipelago, especially Timor, New Guinea and Borneo, where they have

established distinct though generally nearly representative species,

sometimes however preserving absolute identity, and a very few, chiefly

annual or herbaceous plants of various Australian genera, found as far

as South China, mostly in identical or very closely representative

species.

2. The principal Flora showing an ancient connection between

Australia and other countries is the Indo-Australian. A number of

genera, whose main station is in tropical Asia, extend more or less into

tropical and eastern sub-tropical Australia, sometimes in identical,

sometimes in more or less differentiated species. Those of East

Queensland have generally an East Asiatic character. A few Ceylonese

and Peninsular types are more specially represented in Arnhem's Land,

| Scarcely any Indian forms are found to the westward of that Penin-

sula.

3. No less, if not more ancient, must be the connection of the

mountain Flora of Victoria and Tasmania with the general southern ex-

tratropical and mountain region, extending through New Zealand to the

southern end of the American Continent, and thence up the Andes.

Many of the Australian species of this type are identical with or

closely representative of New Zealand ones, and some have a much

wider range. It is probably through this connection that a few species

belonging to the temperate or cooler floras of the northern hemisphere

have evidently, in very remote times, become represented in Australia.

4. Maritime plants, ranging at least from the Mascarene Islands to

those of the Pacific, are also to be found on the Australian coasts,

mostly in identical species, with the addition of a few representative

ones.

5. An exchange has evidently taken place in plants not strictly

maritime between North-east Australia and New Caledonia and other

CONOLUDING PREFACE. vil

islands of the South Pacifie, but not to any great extent. More

Australian types appear to be represented in New Caledonia than New

Caledonian ones in Australia.

6. Introduction, as it were accidental, from various countries,

very sparingly from natural causes from time immemorial, more

rapidly through human agency direct or indirect since European

colonisation has set in. Many European weeds and escapes from cul-

tivation are becoming common in the Eastern colonies, a few plants

commonly cultivated by Malays have established themselves in North-

east Australia. South African weeds find a more genial home in the

south-western districts. Very few American species have been im-

ported excepting through Europe or South Africa.

7. A few plants, very different from any genuine Australian types,

but identical or closely connected with species at home in far distant

countries (North or Western America, East Mediterranean region, etc.)

were met with by the first explorers of inland districts, under conditions

which precluded any idea of recent introduction. These have been

chiefly either annuals or herbaceous or even shrubby or arborescent

species known to propagate readily by seeds, produced in abundance

and apparently retaining for a long time their germinating power. The

appearance of these plants in Australia is, however, in some instances

not readily explained.

The principal features of the inland distribution of the indigenous

flora, the remarkable isolation and highly differentiated character of

that of the south-west corner, its continuity and the gradual connec-

tion and change of species, systematic as well as geographical, down

the eastern side from Queensland down to Tasmania, and the wide

spread of many desert species from Dampier’s Archipelago to Spencer’s

Gulf and from the Murchison to the Maranoa, have long since been

pointed out, and have since been confirmed by all recent observa-

tions.

A few other general characteristics of the flora may be adverted to,

such as the absence of any Bambusex or Equisetaces, the paucity of

Filiees in the western moiety whether tropical or extratropical and

the very small number of endemic Filices in the whole region.

Vili CONCLUDING PREFACE.

It is now my pleasing duty gratefully to acknowledge the handsome |

manner in which Baron von Mueller has fulfilled his promise of afford- |

ing me every assistance in the prosecution of the arduous task I had |

undertaken. He has regularly transmitted to me, arranged for each

volume, the vast stores of Australian specimens collected by his own

exertions, as wellas by the able collectors he has employed and the

numerous residents and other correspondents whom he had inspired |

with a love for the science. I have been able also to take full ad-

vantage of the results of his own previous study of the specimens, a8

published in his Fragmenta, the sheets of which he has regularly for-

warded to me as printed off. The specimens, after having been worked

up, have been successively returned, and the numerous consignments

have reached Melbourne without a single loss, the last of the Graminex

and the ferns alone being still on their way home.

To the various other sources enumerated in the Preface to the first

volume, as having supplied me with materials for this work, the most

important additions I have to record are the valuable collections made

by M. Schultz, at Port Darwin, and by some of the recent explorers —

of Central Australia, of which Dr. Schomburgk, the active Director

of the Botanical Gardens of Adelaide, has transmitted to me almost

complete sets, and a number of interesting specimens, chiefly from

the northern districts of New South Wales and from Lord Howe’s

Island, sent to me by Dr. Moore, Director of the Sydney Botanic

rden.

December, 1877.

CONTENTS.

CONCLUDING PREFACE

CoNSPECTUS OF THE ORDE

Order CXXVI. Roxburghince ;

CXXIX. Philydracee .

CXXX. Xyrideze

CXXXI. Commelynacee .

CXXXII. Juncaceæ

CXXXVI. Typhaceæ

CXXXVII. Lemnaceæ

CXXXVIIL Naiadeæ .

CXXXIX, ——*

CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS CONTAINED IN THE

SEVENTH VOLUME.

Cass II. MONOCOTYLEDONS.

(Continued from Vol. VJ.)

** Ovary superior.

1. Cononarta.— Perianth rahe less distinctly 2-seriate. Ovary syncarpous

inne a 5 file Palms). Seeds albumin

t Perianth-segments all boi ie or membranous and coloured.

XXVI. Roxsunmnaaum. Perianth-segments 2 in each series. Stamens 4.

CXXVII. Lira Perianth-segments or so 3 in each series. Stamens 6 or

fewer. ‘Terrestrial heb or Stinateek or arboresce

CXXVIII. Fen Aquatic herbs a slightly irregular flowers, other-

wise as in Liliac

tt Le perianth-segments petal-like, outer ones calyz-like or wanting.

CXXIX. Puitypracex. Inner perianth of 2 broad petals, outer deficient.

Stamen 1 perfect, 2 staminodia.

CXXX. . Outer perianth of 1 Sois — E — segment ;

inner of 3 petal-like segments. Stamens 3 dus inodia 3

oe . CommELyNacez. Outer perianth o pese rae segments,

inner of 3 equal or unequal Detal-like gemi "ences 6 or fewer med when

fe bue replied by staminodia.

Pe ia +h p3 77 7. li Lo ( 7 7. a P. d 77^

CXXXII. Juncacex. Stems rarely gaze] No spatha.

CXXXIII. Patma., Stems usually arborescent, or climbing and woody. Young

inflorescence enclosed in a spatha.

Series II. NUDIFLORÆ.— Perianth of small scales or none (except some Alismacez).

Ovary apocarpous or monoca: pillary (except a few Aroidex and Pandanez).

XXIV. Panpanem. Flowers closely esae in dense spikes or heads with a

bract at the — diecious. No perianth. Stam g the rhachis

Ovaries sessile often connate. Stem Enon with. when in a spire, or climbing

and leafy.

CXXXV. Arom:x. Flowers closely packed in a dense simple spike with a spatha

at the base, unisexual or hermaphrodite. Fruit baccate. Seeds albuminous or in a

few genera "without albumen

CXXXVI. TypHacex. Flo wers closely eme in dense simple spikes or iege

the upper one or more male, the lower one or more female. Fruit-carpels small dry

or drupaceous. Seeds albuminous. Tall daian herbs.

xii | . €ONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS.

. CXXXVII. eee Small floating green scale-like fronds without stems or

= Flowers and fruits minute on the edge or upper surface of the fronds. Seeds

or without albumen.

ern Natapes. Aquatic or = marsh plants. RD solia or

loosely spicate. Fruit of e carpels or rarely capsular. No albumen

OXXXIX. ALISMACEX, uatic or idi plants. Flowers irem or paniculate.

ced px of3or 2 iade outer membranous or deficient. Ovary apocarpou

o album

Seri os TII. GuvMALES,— Flowers (C nee imbricate bracts or glumes, in heads

or spikelets, Perianth none or seario glume-like and d y concealed within the

bracts. Ovary 1-ovulateor wit er o Seeds albumi

C Lex. Flowers unisexual in heads usually beide. Perianth-

segments 6 or fewer, small and searious or hyaline. Ovary 3- or 2-celled ; ovules

ulous

CXLI. Cixmoreemax, Flowers hermaphrodite or ply gamous, No perianth.

Stamen 1. Ovary of 1 or 2 or more cells ; ovule n ndulous. Small tufted plants.

XLII. Res eau Flowers usually unisexual, og of 6 rarely pape

glume-like segments usually eur the hi acts. Stam 3. Ovary 1-

3-celled, ovule pendulous. Habit of Junces or Cyperaces. Loi sheaths with rad

LIII. CvPERA Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual. Perianth none

of small scales or bristles auchaled within the bracts, very rarely of 6 shane tiled

-— wes Stamens various. Ovary 1-celled; ovule erect. Leaf-sheaths with the

onnate,

«OL v. Grai, Flowers hermaphrodite. or unisexual. Perianth non

Stamens various. - Style-branches usually feathery. Ovary 1-celled, ovule Aem

Tenf-choniha with dene margins.

Cusss III. CRYPTOGAMA.

_ No real flowers. cecus m the Orders here included) con-

sisting of spore-cases enclosing

LY. co Boone cases a in the axils of radical or cauline

Cc ive oon EAC pe No true leaves. Fronds circinnate in vernation ; barren

linear or with a eae unen, fertile ones forming an utricle or closed

Peri

CXLVI ces. No ji jos Fronds circinnate in vernation (except in

Ophiogloste) os fertile ones bearing the djana on their under surface or

er api

ing Order of Vascular Cryptogams, Eyuisetacea, " pasa represented in

PSone and Cellular Cryptogams are not included in the e present work.

ee EEE A A S EE E E O T

ey a aa a aaa a a a ee ee T

FLORA AUSTRALIENSIS.

Orper CXXVI. ROXBURGHIACEJE.

Flowers hermaphrodite, regular. Perianth inferior, ve 4 Penis seg-

ments, all nearly equal and similar, imbricate in 2 r tamens 4,

almost hypogynous; filaments very short, free or akid in i ing ;

anthers erect, with 2 cells opening laterally or inwards in pe Naa

8 Ovary free, 1-celled ; ovules several, either erect from the base or

suspended from the apex of the cavity ; stigma terminal, sessile. Fruit

a capsule, opening in 2 valves. Seeds several, the funicle bearing as a

veins and transverse veinlets. Flowers s 2 or more rae on eer

sedie d in axillary clusters or short racemes.

Besides the typical genus, the order contains one other one from Japan.

1. ROXBURGHIA, Jones.

Perianth-segments several- nerved, lanceolate, acuminate. Filaments

more or less united in a ring; anthers long-linear, the thickened connec-

vie produced into a long linear erect aiperdüge. Ovules erect from the

se of the ovary. Tall twiners, woody at the base. Flowers large or

xiódóraio-his ed.

Th genus p . very few species, extending from Australia to Japan.

1. R. javanica, Kunth, Enum. v. 288, var. ? Australiana.—a glabrous

axils, on filiform pedicels of 6 to 9 lines articulate above the middle,

with a small lanceolate bract at their base. Perianth- pam narrow-

VOL. VIL

2 CXXVI. ROXBURGHIACE E. [ Roxburghia.

as the perianth, the connective thickened and rugose both at the back

nd in front between the narrow linear lateral cells, and produced

beyond them into a long smooth linear appendage. Ovary ovoid, con-

tracted at the end, with a very obtuse sessile stigma. Ovules not

numerous. Fruit not seen.

N. Australia, Port Essington, Armstrong. :

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander (if correctly determined).

The Port Essington specimens agree with P. javanica in their alternate leaves and

small flowers with narrow segments, and their segments are 5-nerved as described by

Kunth, whilst in Teijsmann’s Ja specimens they are at least 7-nerved, and the

owers are only two together instead of several in ¢ er leaves are not

cordate, whilst Kunth describes them as deeply cordate, but in Teijsmann’s specime

nt 7 9

the remarkable venation of Roxburghia, and is probably a form of R

leaves (only the lower ones shown on the specimen) are broad, somewhat cordate,

an erved.

es rà

or occasionally broader and thinner than the 3 outer. Stamens usually

| gments or almost, rarely quite,

hypogynous, or rarely slightly perigynous, the 8 opposite the outer seg-

smaller, and in a few genera reduced to staminodia or

l scent or a capsule loculicidally or in a few genera

septicidally opening in 8 membranous coriaceous or slightly fleshy valves,

: base, or j

into a woody eaudex, or the stems elongated branching shrubby or even

arborescent or occasionally climbing. Leaves most frequently in radical

CXXVII. LILIACER. 3

tufts, or crowded at the ends of the caudex or branches, but sometimes

spread along the branches, their sheathing bases distichous, or variously

imbricated, or scattered, and often persistent after the blade has fallen

away, the blade or lamina entire or minutely scabrous-denticulate, usually

narrow with parallel veins, flat channelled or terete, rarely broad with

distant primary veins and transverse veinlets. Scapes or flowering

stems or peduncles terminal or rarely axillary, leafless or with 1 or 2

leaves below the inflorescence smaller than the lower ones, and passing

into the bracts under the branches of the pump or cotes hien

are usually reduced to small scales, gt metimes entirely w

nflorescence variously branched or BE usu ate pi ae or

e single terminal flower. Perianth usually glabrous, very

variously coloured, often blue, as well as red, white, yellow, or purple.

The Order, like the Amaryllidee, is generally distributed over the warmer and

temperate regions of the globe; most abundant in dry sunny countries. the

40 ti : EL

[e]

—

i=}

®©

—

[77]

far]

BEY

[1]

Py:

de re rm

regions of the gen World, more or less represented also in America, and 2 of them

extending into more temperat e regions; 3, although chiefly Australian, extend into

tropical Asia, ind two of them also to New Zealand; 4 are Australian n represe senta-

of South i i

Australian, are also fo

New Zealand and Tasmanian alpine flora, 1 of them widely era over the

extreme southern regions of the new as well as the old world ; remaining 24 are,

as far as hitherto known, "ee y endemic, a large proportion "ot them, however,

consisting of only one or tw: cies

In working up , this sen at act d e HR her es Order, I have been

greatly assisted by Mr. Baker, whose vi pra nee a as given in

e tri

Stack ak efly with reference to the Australian genera, a large proportion of

which e A or nearly endemic, and would pro babl uire a somewhat

different arrangement in a general system of the whole Wp ide the limits of which

from bei

Sers I. Baccatze.— Fruit succulent or fleshy, indehiscent or rarely opening tardily

in 3 valves.

Trise I. Smilacese.—Perianth-segments voip Y abr Anthers erect. ae

into : — paste Embryo distant from the hilum. Albume

— Bones dus mbers. Leaves with distant eins veins, and transverse nes

n dii in ile ud culate umbels . MILAX.

Pori hermaphrodite, in racemes er e ua and axillary

or terminal and paniculate

IPOGONUM.

area Il. Plagellariee. Bate on alae style aaa scald of ae Albu-

men mealy. Leaf veins all parallel and numerous.

Flowers hermaphrodite. — Leaves adig in a

twisted boli pci v e . 8: FLAGELLARIA.

Trrez III. ianth-segnents distinct rialas: Anthers erect. Styles

or stigmas very short, eg Tufted herbs . Leaf eins —,

Flowers dicecious, in terminal racemes or pani

_ Trier IV. Drymophileee.—Perianth-segments distinet, spreading. sadi erect,

4 CXXVII. LILIACE®.

Style deeply 4 divided into “3 ose roma "eges Embryo near the hilum. Perennials

with = y stems. Leaf-veins all p

Flo e ermaphr "ie, millers. ieee or 2 together. . . 5, DRYMOPHILA.

Tue V. Asparages.— Perianth-segments distinct, spreading, Style undivided.

Perianth persistent. erg ents ¢ ot vis thi thi cien ed under the `

nthe

anther. Anthers erect, openin, al pores. Habit

of Anth rei (subi ibe Diane mss E 6. DIANELLA.

Perianth pors ents not

Filam thickened. ^ Anthe

opening in longitudinal slite. Mee stems elongated and

branched (sub-tribe Euaspar:

Cladodes (or leav e) pema aa Flowers axillary.

Anthers versatile. Ovules 2 or very Few in each cell . 7. ASPARAGUS.

ere solitary Anthers erect. Ovules several in each

e T

Flowers Der ree pedicellate. Innef perianth-segments

ringe

Flowers in loose terminal ‘eyes, Inner perianth-seg-

ments entir . 9. GEITONOPLESIUM.

. Drac Lm edi qnn. ida. at feat at the base, deciduous.

Anthers versatile ‘Style undivided, Stems woody, sometimes arborescent. Flowers

culat

8. EvsSTREPHUS.

panien

Ovul aie solitary i in each cell. Fruit pulpy, indehiscent . 10. DRACÆNA.

uvis in each cell Fruit M often at length

rave a . 11. CORDYLINE.

Series II. Capsulares.— Fruit dry, capsular or rarely of 1 to 3 indehiscent

s an

Trıge VII. erocallideze.—Perianth gamophyllous, tubular or campanulate.

Style undivided. ET not —

ary stipitate, with numerous ovules in each cell. Capsule

spcially viel. Leaves crowded at the base of es

Flowers large, pendulous, in a terminal raceme . BLANDFORDIA.

vi . Melanthacese.— Perianth-segments free or shor ens at w ipud

rarely to the middle. Sty nag more or less divided into 3 stigmatic branches hort

distinct styles. Stock not at all or scarcely y bulbous. Anthers f» Hier nt sad bi ds.

Stamens 3 opening outwards and equitant leaves of /rid,

ardize

(sub-tribe Hew: . 13. HEWARDIA.

S 6, perianth-segments united or imbricate at the base.

(sub-tribe Ax

erianth persistent, A x segments n united at the

base. Flowers paniculate . M. Mruuieanta.

Perianth persistent, the se segments more or ' less united at the

Flowers solitary or simply spicate 15. WURMBEA.

Perianth peig the segments quite distinct. ` Flowers

simply spica 16. ANGUILLARIA.

PhitsH senate separately deciduous. ` Flowers few.

Inflorescence simple 17. IruHIGENIA.

sepe 6. Peria

rianth-segments quite free, deciduous, intii;

cate or convolute round the opposite stamens in the bud.

(sub-tribe Burchardiez).

Capsule loculicidally 3-valved. Leaves ovate or lanceolate.

Flowers solitary or few in a terminal umbel. Perianth-

segments without pe à 9 18. SCHELHAMMERA.

Flowers rfew in n Tier dep ie

segments with glandular PA M . . 19. KnEvsiGIA.

ve neve do, ruere 3-valved. Leaves few casu one

a terminal umbel .

20. BugCHARDIA.

TRIBE "^ piace aha wi or very eap united at the base.

CXXVII. LILIACER. - 5

Style undivided, eg a small tei — entire or slightly 3-dymous stigma. Stock no

bulbons Flowers racemose paniculate or wi nbellate, rarely solitary. Braets thinly

searious s tisually 7] hyain or none, dem postal

Perianth dec

iduous, not twisted (s (s ub. tribe Tenerani

be di d

Filaments bearded. Raceme sim . 21. BULBINE.

Perianth spirally ver the ovary after flow ering,

at length deciduous (sub-tri

Japsule 3-valy Fil p glabrous, >

ers 6, opening i rminal pore Base of the

perianth Eate. ed n sistent. g e simple

or once bran A E 22. AGROSTOCRINUM.

Anthers 6 or 3, th ells opening longitu udinally, but

the outer Tae. fete beyond the inner. Inne

perianth-segments feet enclosing the -

stamens in the bud. Umbcls usually 2 or more

flowered . 3. THysanotus.

Anthers 3, cohering in a “tube "round the ‘sty le, 3 free

stamin Eie

rr eme . 24. HODGSONIOLA.

Anthers 6, free,

Ovules 2 in ach alk "Cii ré cius uenia Seeds

glo Umbe mple raceme. 25. Casta.

Ovules reali in sw eM pas arte acutely angled

ve bed. Seeds flattened. Flowers corym

paniculate - CHAMASCILLA.

Nutlets rs indchiscent. ‘Anthers 6, opening in

slits.

Filaments OMM Nutlets solitary.

minute, solitary or 2 — along de rigid

bran . 27. CORYNOTHECA.

Filaments bearded or woolly. Nutlets usually 2 or

Umbels termina 28. TRICORYNE.

dores h not baro E auem round the fruit, unchanged

dim b- tribe Chlorophyteæ

Flowers riots mose cymose, or paniculate. Anthers

ewer

Filemonts bearded or with adnate appendages under

the anther.

Anthers recurved after flowering. Seeds constr

Flowers in a sibl loose cyme . . . . 29. STYPANDRA.

Anthers not recurved. Seeds angular. ` Flowers

loosel sec

oosely

Filaments glabrous. _Anthers with basal crests. Seeds

Flowers lo ve Mais 31. DicgorocoN.

prom without eer or pendages. Ca Capsule acutely

3-angled o:

30. ARTHROPODIUM.

Shobdo

racemose

Flowers large, solitary, ‘almost sessile within a a tuft of

ical leaves. Anthers 6, opening in . 33. HERPOLIRION.

Flowers numerons, in umbels, Fables scarious

32. CHLOROPHYTON.

cate bracts. ^

Anthers 3, divided into 2 long erect lobes. Umbels

Bal. | o0. ers. ul a 08€. Owen,

Anthers 6, small, ovate. Umbels on axillary peduncles. 35. ALANIA.

Johnsonieze.— Per ianth-seginent its pe or aegra in a tube at the base.

€ fr, with a terminal entire stigma. t bulbous. Á— in dense

heads or short spikes, solitary and sessile, or see oe peor imbricate

Perianth-segments free or the inner uni

Flower-heads

6 ? CXXVII. LILIACE X.

Anthers 3. Flowers dimorphous in the same head . . 37. STAWELLIA.

Spikes oblong. Bracts glumaceous. . . . . . . . 38. Jonwsowta.

Perianth hypocrateriform, with a cylindrical tube and

ually spreading 6-lobed limb.

Anthers 3, connate round the style. Ovules 2 in each

CBE Qc ue LUV ep EE core Oe BO AWNOCRINESM.

Anthers 6, distinct. Ovules several in each cell . . . 40. Borya.

Serres I. Baccarm.— Fruit succulent or fleshy, indehiscent or rarely

opening tardily in 8 valves.

Trise I. SurracExX.—Perianth-segments distinct, spreading. Anthers

erect. Style deeply divided into 3 stigmatic branches. Embryo distant

: Ib

from the hilum. Albumen Bou climbers, *Teaves with

Se ; : : s

distant primary veins and tran verse vemleis. Berry ingehiscent. ;

HABEAT im. p mi

(Coprosmanthus, Kunth.)

Flower dicecious. Perianth deciduous, of 6 distinct spreading

i i outer ones

open apparently 1-celled; the stamens all rudimentary only in the female

flowe . Ovary rudimentary or entirely deficient in the male flowers,

sessile in the females, 3-celled, with 1, or rarely 2, erect ovules in each

ing only 1 or 2 thick seeds without strophioles. Testa thin but hard,

smooth and shining, ge d appressed to the hard albumen, Embryo

the |

point, and more or less winged below the tendrils, Flowers small, white

or pale green or purple ; pedicellate in sessile or pedunculate umbels,

} in the axils, or several in axillary or termin

panicles. Bracts in the umbel very small, imbrieate, with one pedicel

A large genus, dispersed over the tropical and temperate regions both

of the new and the old world. The Australian species are both endemie,

though they are nearly allied to corresponding Asiatie species,

Perianth-segments broad, scarcel i

ments ieee tai : LUV = 1. S. glycyphylia

Perianth-segments narrow, lj to 2 lines long. Filaments ` oes oy

rather longer than the anthers. . . + + «© 5 5 e 2 8. australis.

cuu ascen re

Smilax. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 7

twisted, short but slender; bearing slender tendrils, but not at all or

scarcely winged below them. Peduneles axillary and simple, or a few

of the upper ones in a terminal panicle. Pedicels rarely 8 lines long.

Perianth nearly globular in the bud, the outer segments broadly ovate,

scarcely above 1 line long. Anthers almost sessile, very much shorter

than the perianth. Female flowers not seen. Berry the size of that of

S. australis, —R. Br. Prod. 298; Endl. Iconogr. t. 39; F. Muell.

ragm. vii. 77. Zee

Queensland. . Rockhampton, Bowman; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

N. S. Wales” Port Jackson, R. Brown atid others; New England, C. Stuart >

Hastings and Macleay Rivers, Bechler ; Clarence River; C. Moore.

reticulate veins, the petioles short and twisted, narrowly or scarcely

inged below the tendrils. Umbels many-flowered, on axillary peduncles

usually simple and à to ł in. long, but sometimes longer slightly

which are oblong and at length recurved ; in the female flowers the fila-

ments are usually present, but without anthers. Ovary entirely deficient

in the males, sessile with 1 ovule in each cell in the females. Berry

black, globular, about 4 lines diameter, with 1 globular seed or 2 flat-

tened on their inner faces. Embryo often at least half as long as the

albumen.—F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 78; S. latifolia and S. elliptica, R. Br.

Prod. 298 ; S. spinescens, Miq. in Linnea, xviii. 89.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Goulburn Islands,

A. Cunningham ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 131 ; Liverpool River, Gulliver.

eensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and

others; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Cape York, M'Gillivray.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and many others ;

northward to New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings, nce, Macleay, and Kichmond

Rivers, Beckler, Wilcox, Henderson, and others ; southward to Illawarra, 4. Cunning-

ham ; and 'Twofold Bay, F. Mueller; Lord Howe's Island, €. Moore.

Snowy River and other localities in eastern Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller

and others. :

The species seems nearly allied in many respects to the East Indian S. ovalifolia,

8 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Smilax.

petioles and the peduncles more branched. 8.

so at first sight very like the broad-leaved dern. of S. australis, = p usually,

m not always, 2 ovules to 2 cell of the ovary. Of R. Brown's spes S. elliptica

ax Se yng here from his short diagnosis agreeing well with some of the N. S. pate les

Roxb., which, however, has the leaves usually pom larger, with drea wings to the

hed. Chi a, Linn , from China and Japan,

of S. austr alle, no specimen being preserved in fre arium ; 8.

latifolia, donis the Ca "e ntaria Islands, is a broad-leaved form, precisely similar to

some of our See vag Land (stewart but without any prickles x ae e rather

€ specim gum own's herbari In other specimens, Y fe

a this paet species, the pric ckle es T so few and minute that ‘thay can €

ese ete ya T carefulsearch. In others the prickles are numerous, and so

of them piel and long, mixed with sm me eed

* a

graph of Smilacew, in which he has brought oa several characters hitherto

i . fro

d femal

the same stations; and it is very possible that a study “of the li lant; doy

good charabters f for distinct varieties if not for Arasia specie mag BnS,

2. RHIPOGONUM, Forst.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth iss! of 6 distinet edie

segments, all equal or the outer ones shorte d often, but not always,

E agittate, erect, nearly as

long gm the perianth. Ovary sessile, tmi tapering at the top into a

seeds variously flattened, with a e hilum, without any strophiole.

Testa thin, light brown, closely du to the hard Mox kayo

small, at a distance from the hilum.—Tall branching climbers. Leaves

ofen nity opposite or nearly so bn t sometimes all alte

nerved, wi nsverse relicaiata’ veins, the petioles without wings or

neni. Flowers QE or shortly Locales in racemes either ias

terminal leafless panicle.

Besides the four Australian species, which are all endemic, there is one in New

Rhipogonum. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 9

Glabrous. Leaves narrowed into a distinct twisted petiole.

Leaves mostly 3 to 4 in., not ab

road. Flowers casually, pedicellate i. R. album.

Leaves mostly 6 to 8 in., three times as long as broad.

Flowers usually se essile 2. R. discolor.

More or € pubescent. Leaves: rounded or cordate ‘at the

base and nearly sess

Leaves 2t to 3 in. long. Ovary glabrou ws rue x Oe, dir QUEM

Leaves 3 to 6 in. long. Ovary densely vinis 5o ety A

album, R. Br. Prod. 293.—A tall glabross climber, the prin-

cipal branches often aha with prickles, the smaller ones usually

without any, or only with a few small ones. Leaves irregularly opposite

or alternate, on short twisted petioles, elliptical or oblong, varying to

ovate or almost lanceolate, shortly acuminate, narrowed at the base,

mostly 3 to 4 in. long, though occasionally nearly twice as long or under

3 in.; coriaceous, 3- or 5-nerved, the intermediate reticulate veins pro-

minent. Racemes axillary, isole. shorter or scarcely longer than the

leaves, a few of the upper ones sometimes forming a à terminal leafless

paniele. Flowers usually distant ees the rhachis, at first nearly sessile,

but the pedicels growing out to 2 or 3 lines, or sometimes pedi-

cellate from the first. Perianth 8 to 4 lines long. Ovary glabrous.

Berry 4 to 5 lines diameter, said to be red when fresh, drying blaek.

—Kunth, Enum. v. 272; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 79; R. "Mooreanum, F.

Muell. Fragm. i. 44.

u land. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and

— Rockhampton, Dallachy and others

. Wales Port Jackson to the Blue ‘Mountains, R. Brown, Woall:, and others;

"m to New den cendi anum ; Hastings, Clarence, and Richm hmond Rivers

snowy River, eastern Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

Var. leptostachya. Racemes slender, often branched, but with few flowers on

slender Paaki r^ 3 to 4 lines

Queensland. radians Bay, Dallachy.

9. R. disco vi Muell. Fragm. vii. 78. A stout erm climber,

nearly allied to R. album, with similar prickly or smooth brannas.

Leaves ae or lanceolate, 6 to 8 in. long, and seams above 2 in.

broad, rounded or narrowed into a twisted petiole at the base, much

thicker than in R. album, the transverse reticulate veins much fewer and

not so fine. Racemes axillary, 4 to 6 in. long, the flowers sessile or

nearly so. Perianth-segments rather shorter and broader than in H.

album. Ovary qun

N. S. Wales. Hunter er, 4. Cunningham ; Clarence River, Beckler ; New

England, Parrott ; Tweed iver, S Guidfoyle.

3. 7 Fawcettianum, F. Muell. Herb.—Branches slender, without

prickles, sprinkled with a loose rufous pubescence. Leaves on very

short petiolis or almost sessile, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate,

10 CXXVII. LILIACES. | Rhipogonum.

cordate at the base, 2 to 3 in. long, 3- or 5-nerved. Racemes axillary,

slender but many-flowered. Flowers shortly pedicellate, rather smaller

than in R. album. Filaments slender, as long as the anthers. Ovary

glabrous.

N.S. Wales. Richmond River, Fawcett ; Macleay River, Fitzgerald.

4. R. Elseyanum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 44, vii. 80.—A stout climber,

the branches leaf-nerves and rhachis of the racemes clothed with a

species, although our specimens are entirely unarmed. Leaves on very

short petioles or almost sessile, elliptieal oblong or ovate, 9 to 6 lines

long, aeuminate, rounded or eordate at the base, of a thick texture, 9-

very shortly pedieellate. Perianth-segments oblong. Anthers long, on

short filaments as in R. album, but the ovary very densely villous,

contracted into a very short thick style, with closely adnate recurved

stigmatic lobes. Ovules and fruit of R. album.

N.S. Wales. Archer's Station, Leichhardt ; New England, C. Stuart ; Richmond

River, Henderson.

BE FLAGELLARIEZ.—Perianth, stamens, style and embryo of

Smilacee. Albumen mealy. Leaf-veins all parallel and numerous.

Drupe indehiscent.

3. FLAGELLARIA, Linn.

Perianth persistent, of 6 distinct nearly equal spreading segments, thin

but coloured, the 3 inner ones rather larger. Stamens 6, hypogynous ;

filaments short, free; anthers erect, exceeding the perianth, the cells

—Leafy climbers, with long leaves ending in a spirally twisted point.

Flowers small, in a terminal panicle.

des the widely x cce species here described, there appears to be a second. one

Besi

in the Feejee Islands, different, however, from the F. plicata, Hook. f., which is the

Joinvillea, Gaud., not nearly so closely allied to Flagellaria as had been supposed

1. F. indica, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. iii. 970.—4A tall glabrous climber,

ascending sometimes to the top of large trees, the branches encased

in the closed leafsheaths. Leaves long-lanceolate or linear-

lanceolate, from 4 or 5 in, long to twice that length, besides the long

22 Sea eA S a coa:

Flagellaria. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 11

points spirally twisted into tendrils, variable in breadth, many-nerved but

not plicate, rounded at the base and almost petiolate on the sheath which

ends on each side in a short rounded auricle. Flowers white, very

merous, sessile in clusters or short spikes on the ultimate small

ine of a dense terminal panicle, with a small scale-like bract under

each flower and under the smaller branches, Perianth-segments about

1 line long. Fruit about 2 lines diameter. —Red. Lil. v. t. 257 ; Sehnitzl,

Ieonogr. i. t. 51. b; R. Br. Prod, 264.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong; Point Pearce, F. Mueller; Escape

Cliffs and Adams Bay, Hulse.

ensl Northumberland and Poe of Wales Islands, R. Brown ; islands

along the coast, 4. Cunningham; Cape York, M‘Gillivray, Daemel ; Rockingham

Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, 0'Shanesy, Bowman, and others; Moreton Bay, Eaves.

N.S. Wales. Hastings and Clarence Rivers , Becker ; i Port acquarrie, Tozer ;

Richmond River, Henderson ; Lord Howe’s Island, Fullag

The species extends over the tropical regions of Asia a Fre

Trier III. AsrELIEx.—Perianth-segments distinct, spreading. Anthers

erect, Styles or stigmas very short, distinct. Tufted herbs. Leaf-

veins parallel. Berry indehiscent.

4. ASTELIA, Banks.

Flowers dieeious or nearly so. Perianth persistent, divided nearly

r quite to the base into 6 equal spreading membranous pug

Sire 6, attached to the base of the segments and shorter than them

dia. Ovary a

rudimentary in the males, sessile in the females, either 1-celled with 3

parietal placente, or more or less perfectly 3-celled with axile placente ;

ovules numerous to each placenta; style divided to the base or nearly

so into 9 short stigmatic branches. Fruit a globular or oblong inde-

hiscent berry. Seeds several, ovoid or a angular, with a black shining

erustaceous testa. Embryo small, near the base of the fleshy albumen.

ey tufted herbs, more or less clothed with long silky or almost

paleaceous hairs. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem, with broad

arae duds. Flowers in terminal racemes or Leere reduced in

one or two dwarf species to 2 or 8 almost sessile flowers

he pem species, which is endemie, there are several others spread

eid Now Zealand i Antarctic regions, and the southern — of America,

wing somet nie or 0 n mountain-tops, sometimes o e trunks of trees.

For the wes coa a diversity in ~ diffe y species in the re of the ovary and

Hook. f. Fl

1. A. alpina, R. Br. Prod, 291.—Leafy base of the stem very short,

pis tufted, the long broad sheathing bases of the leaves densely

eovered with very long white silky hairs. Leaves from a few inches to

1 foot long, 8 to 5 lines broad, or in very luxuriant specimens attaining

12 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Astelia.

a breadth of 8 or 9 lines, the silky hairs of the upper portion very short

Perianth-segments about 23 lines long and very spreading in the males,

more erect and 8 lines long in the females. Ovary oblong, contracted

at the end, with 3 very short obtuse stigmatic lobes, 1-celled, with few

ovules on 3 parietal placente. Berr ry ovoid-oblong, under 1 in. long,

surrounded by the somewhat enlarged persistent perianth. Seeds

bular.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 60; A. psychrocharis, F. Muell. in Hook.

Kew Journ. viii. 332.

Mount Wellington in Gipps’ Land, and in thé Baw-Baw Mountains,

at an vices of 4000 to 5000 ft., F. Mueller.

asmani fountain, 53 Brown ; abundant on all the mountains, J. D.

-Hooker and others.

Trise IV. Drymopnite®.—Perianth-segments distinct, spreading.

: Anthers Z.: Style deeply divided into 3 stigmatie branches.

Embryo near the hilum. Perennials with leafy stems. Leaf-veins all

parallel. Bery indehiscent.

5. DRYMOPHILA, R. Br.

Perianth deciduous, of 6 distinct equal segments lanceolate and

ae or almost reflexed. Stamens 6, hypogynous, not exceeding the

anth and sometimes much shorter ; fluente filiform ; anthers oblong,

Grot attached between the short basal lobes, the cells opening in longi-

tudinal slits. Ovary sessile, short, 3-eelled, with several often many

ovules in each cell superposed in 2 rows. Styles 3, linear, —

flattened, recurved, apparently esate from near the base.

a globular or ovoid berry. Seeds globular or variously shaped je

mutual pressure; testa thickly membranous or almost crustaceous,

eid branched leafy stems. Leaves distichous, spreading, sessile or

early so. Flowers solitary or fors 2 together in the axils, articulate

on recurved pedicels, without brae

The genus is limited to Australia.

Berry blue, globular. Seeds 8 to 20, with a smooth brown

testa - 1. D. eyanocarpa.

Berry orange, ovoid. Seeds 3 or 4, with a very pale-coloured

minutely-wrinkled testa - 2. D. Moorei.

1. D. cyanocarpa, R. Dr. Prod. 292.— Stems usually about 1 foot

high, simple or with a few divarieate branches in the upper part, with a

few brown sheathing scales in the lower leafless part. Leaves sessile or

nearly so, tavoite or almost oblong, varying from 1 to 8 in. in length,

marked with numerous prominent nerves. Flowers white, the pedicels

. Varying from scarcely above 1 line to nearly } in., spreading or

ER eel

Drymophila.] CXXVII. LILIACEX. 13

recurved. Perianth-segments usually about 3 lines long, but varying in

size, marked with from 3 to 7 longitudinal veins. Berry blue, nearly

globular, from 4 to 6 lines diameter. Seeds usually 8 to 20, with a

smooth brown testa.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 571; F. Muell.

Fragm. vii. 78; Hook, f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 49.

ales. Hastings River, Fraser ; Macleay River, Fitzgerald.

Vict Mount Warrenip, Wilhelmi; Skipton, Whan ; Mount Macedon,

Walter; ‘Cae Otway Ranges, E ueller

Tas Table Mounta FR Br own; abundantin grassy shaded places

asin ruere &c., J. D. Hooker.

9. D. Moorei, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 571.—Closely

resembles D. cyanocarpa in habit and stature, but the leaves are broader,

tly similar.

only 8 or 4 seeds fully twice the diameter of those of D. cyanocarpa, the

testa very pale coloured, thin or more or less wrinkled. How far these

hsc prove constant remains to be proved.—D. pyrrhocarpa, F.

ell. Fragm. ix. 190.

N.S. Wales. Hastings and Macleay rivers, C. Moore ; Clarence River, Wilcox.

` Trise V. Asparacem.—Perianth-segments distinct, spreading. Style

obdicided. Berry indehiscent or very tardily dry and 3-valved.

6. DIANELLA, Lam.

Perianth persistent, of 6 distinct oblong segments, either equal in

length or the 3 inner ones rather shorter, all with thin margins, and 8

to 5 rarely 6 or 7 parallel veins more or less approximate in the centre.

Stamens 6, 3 opposite the — segments hypogynous, 3. more or less

adhering to the base of the segments ; filaments abruptly thickened

at the apex or nearly to the. Paso; anthers erect, the cells opening in

terminal pores often continued in longitudinal slits sometimes nearly to

the base. Ovary sessile, short, 3-celled, with several superposed ovules

in each cell; style filiform, with a terminal somewhat capitate stigma,

entire or slightly 3-furrowed. Fruit a blue indehiscent berry. Seeds

few, Magnets shaped, with a black testa coriaceous smooth and shining,

a white waxy albumen and small embryo.—Glabrous perennials, with

thick Sirs roots, the stock often Teo or slightly branched.

Scapes or stems erect, rigid, often several feet high. Leaves crowded

at the base of the stems or more or less spread on the lower part,

distichous and sheathing at the base, with a long lamina, a few upper

ones reduced to short sheaths and a small erect lamina. Flo wers blue,

pedicellate, ap pane in loose dichotomous cymes collected in a terminal

panicle. Bracts at the base of the pedicels small and scarious or none.

Pedicels Barina close under the flower.

The inem. is chiefly Australian, but extends in a very few species to tropical Asia,

14 CXXVII. LILTACER. (Dianella.

the ree and Pacific Islands, Son New Zealand. Of the five Australian species

one is a comm siatic one, the other four are endemic. In their typical forms

five Mo very distinct, but they are all so variable ys ny inter-

mediate hav cae itv tto distribute satisfactorily the numerous

dried specimens before It is not — however, that a careful study of

living plants in their pec country may disclose more positive characters to

distinguish even twice as many more or je] permanent forms.

sate do Sai pa or nearly so, very shortly sheathing the base

Faen aster than the filament, which is thickened

from below the middle. Leaves long and broad . 1. D, tasmanica.

P ead than the filament, which is ES AR

above per e

ves Silos ually long and — flat, the

ee ating! bete v searcly ie led 2. D. levis.

Lene long. gid, with tho margins "much

voile thea sheathing € kee 3. D. revoluta.

Stem ate branching at the brpa less 1 eafy,

the sheathing bae of the faves atonal ys fattened and

acutely keeled. Anthers m than the filamen

Leaves s narrow, m s pr under iin. broad .

e. 4, D. cerulea.

Leaves å to 1 in. voe 6 ee ow eal De dis OPEN

s = tasmanica, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 57, t. 188.— Stems attain-

metimes 4 or 5 ft. though often shorter. Leaves distichous and

ituwded at the base of the stem, usually 1 to 2 feet long and } to

nearly 1 in. broad, the margin and midrib scabrous, those on the stem

reduced to a few short distant sheaths with short erect lamine or points.

Panicle often above 1 ft. long, the cymes loose, with recurved pedicels.

Perianth-segments about 3% lines long, all usually 5-nerved, or the outer

ones sometimes with 6 or 7 or the inner with only 8 nerves. Filaments

usually longer than, often twice as long as, the oblong anther. Berry

globular or ovoid-oblong, about + in. long.— in . Linn. Soc:

xiv. 575; F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 121; Bot. Mag. t. 5551.

Victoria. Mount Baw-Baw and Cape Otway, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Common in rich moist soil, J. D. Hooker

. Archeri, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 58, appears to be scarcely even a distinct variety,

nor m I well apr Be Baker, Le. D levis, Hook. f. l.c. 57, not of Br.).

D. densa, Lindb. in Act Sc. Fenn. x. 132, t. 6, is pis referred to this s spec dee t

Baker. D. ue ent teen Schult. Syst. vii. 352, described from a Tasmanian $

4 esc

in Martius' herbarium, is most probably a narrow-leaved foeni of D. rome ts

Br. Prod. 280.—Stems varying from under 1 ft. in

some le of the inland Uere to 2 or 3 ft. in luxuriant ones from Queens-

land. Leaves usually few at the base of the stem, the short sheathing

specimens Mc long and narrow, often

ve 2 ft. long and } to nearly 1 in. d, flat or with scarcely

bed margins when dry, the edges Rs or slightly scabrous ; um

the smaller inland specimens the leaves are much shorter than the s

ed acciaio ERN

WO ECEES E S MNT A e e Re S EE

Dianella, | CXXVII. LILIACEX. 15

and spreading or recurved. Panicle varying from loose and spreading

o narrow with the cymes contracted into. short clusters. Perianth-

segments 3 to 4 or rarely 5 lines long, all 5-nerved or the inner en

only 8-nerved. Filaments with the thickened apex much shorter

either the filiform base or the oblong-linear anther, which varies on

1i to 2 lines long. Ber — à smaller than in D. tasmanica.—Baker

in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 577; D. longifolia, R. Br. Prod. 280; F

Muell. Fragm. vi. 122. a strumosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 751.

Queensland. Various localities from Moreton Bay to Rockhampton, but

apparently not abundant, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, ries others; Keppel Bay to

Northumberland vy mes R. Eus own, all the tong-leave ed fo

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Moun Brown, Miss Atkinson,

and others; New England, C. Stuart, rien a em Beet. with the leaves not

2 lines broa

Pus toria. ur on Yarra, F. Mue

me specimens Ee “South Esk Riv ver, C. Stuart, in Herb. F.

weder, y appen i belong to this species, um those referred by F. Mueller to

D. fem Lofty Range, Wirth; Barossa Range, F. Mueller.

era. Leaves s usually Short, spreading, ri rigid, and often, but not always,

serous em the edges and midribs. D. elegans, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 122, but scarcely

unth, who — the anthers as brown, whilst they one to be always

yellow i in D. lev

d, R. Br. m od, 280, from Shoal Bay, R. Brown, appears to me, from the

digo. specimen in his he rbarium, to be a "donde starved state of D. levis

3. D. revoluta, R. Br. Pr od, 280. —Leaves distichous ae crowded

th narro

margins closely revolute over the midrib, leaving a deep furrow on the

upper side, the edges and midrib scabrous or smooth. Panicle when

fully out looser and more spreading with larger flowers more deeply

coloured than in D. cari ste Perianth, especially in the southern speci-

mens, often above 4 lines long, usually smaller in the northern ones.

Anthers considerably longer than the filaments, of which the thickened

apex is usually very short. Berries small, globular.—Baker in Journ.

Linn. Soc. xiv. 578; F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 121; D. divaricata, R.

Br. Prod. 280; Baker, l.c.; D. longifolia, Bot. Reg. t. 734, not of

R. Br.

Queensland. Upper Burnett River, F. Mueller; Rockhampton, O*Shanesy,

Bowman.

W.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 198;

Hastings River, ente Nurrum e edap Leichhardt.

ictoria. Common in dry districts, especially near the sea-coast, F. Mueller,

Robertson, and others.

Round Spencer's and St. George's Gulfs, F. Mueller, Blandowski,

and others.

W. Australia. King George etg oror ge: F. Mueller, and others; and

thence eastward to the P eei gg Bight, axwell; and northward to Swan and

Murchison Rivers, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1597. Old, lfield.

16 CXXVII. LILIACES. [ Dianella.

i rulea, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 505.—Leaves distichous and

sheathing at the base, not so closely erowded on the stock as in the

preceding species but more or less extending over the lower part of the

stem, which is often branched at the base; the sheaths much flattened

laterally, prominently and acutely keeled, and usually but not always

scabrous on the edges ; the lamina long, erect, and narrow, rarely attain-

ing $ in. in breadth and sometimes under 2 lines. Panicle usually loose

as in D. levis, but often smaller and the cymes sometimes dense an

almost sessile along the main rhachis. Perianth-segments 3 to 4 lines

long, with 5 or 8 nerves less crowded in the centre than in D. levis,

and the flowers usually blue. Filaments shorter than the anthers, with

the thickened apex not longer than the filiform base and sometimes very

short. Berry small and globular.—R. Br. Prod. 279; Baker in Journ.

Linn. Soe. xiv. 576; F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 128; Red: Lil. ii. t. 79;

D. revoluta, Bot. Reg. t. 1120.

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 163 and 354; the specimens appear to

be referrible rather to a broad-leaved form of D. cerulea than to D. ensifolia.

Queensland. Moist shady valleys and marshy places, from Moreton Bay,

A. Cunningham and others, to Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Palm Island, Henne ;

Cape York, M‘Gillivray, Hann’s Expedition.

- S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 199, and

many others; northward New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings, Clarence, and

Richmond rivers, Beckler and others; Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore.

This appears to be the commonest species from Port Jackson northwards, but I

have seen no southern specimens.

D. graminifolia, Kunth Enum. v. 46, and D. elegans, Kunth Lc. v. 49, dubiously

referred by Baker to D. cerulea, may belong to that species, but are not determinable

wordy descriptions of single garden specimens, without any differential

nes.

D. congesta, R. Br. Prod. 280, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 576, from Prince of

W: Islands, Torres straits, appears to me to be a form of D. cerulea, with dense

sessile cymes ; the inflorescence, however, in the specimen preserved is scarcely fully

developed and almost destroyed by insects.

ensifolia, Red Lil. t. l.—Very near the broad-leaved forms of

kened part very short and as broad as the

anthers themselves. Fruit nearly globular, larger than in D. cærulea,

but not so large as in D. tasmanica.—Baker in Journ. Li n. Soe. xiv.

576; Bot. Mag. t. 1404 ; D. nemorosa, Jacq. Hort. Scheenbr. t. 94.

i similar e ppin

Islands ; those from Arnhem’s Land, referred to this species by Baker, a to me

to be nearer D. cerulea, but the distinction between these two very Ta species is

as yet very uncertain.

)

CXXVII. LILIACEA. ¢ 17

7. ASPARAGUS, Linn.

(Asparagopsis, Kunth. )

Flowers jérmephrodite polygamous or unisexual. Peri ian "n sa

ciduous, 6 distinct nearly equal spreading 1-nerved se

Stamens 5 attached to the base of the segments; coins filiform

or flattened; anthers versatile, usually short, the cells opomin ng in

longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, short, 3- celled, with 2 or very few

ovules in each cell ; ; style simple, with a short 3-lobed stigma. Fruit

a globular indehiscent berry. Seed usually reduced to a single one,

with a black shining testa; albumen hard; embryo transverse.—

Stems herbaceous, from a creeping rhizome, or shrubby much-branched

and —- or climbing to a considerable height, often armed with

prickles under the branches. Cladodes (formerly called leaves, but now

eoria pe to be abortive branches) usually clustered, subu-

ate, angular or laterally flattened, surrounded by small scarious scales

representing the real leaves. Flowers small, solitary or 2 together in

the axils of the scale-like real leaves, or by the reduction of flowering

branches without cladodes forming bud qom: racemes.

A very large genus, widely spread over warmer and temperate regions of the

Old aes El only Australian species xcd also over pe and tar anis

1. A. racemosus, Willd.; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 628.—A

slender but rigid much- branched straggling shrub, often dining to a

considerable height, armed with recurved prickles under the branches.

ways very narrow or subulate, very acute, mostly $ to nearly 1j in.

long. Flowers mostly hermaphrodite, in racemes of 1 to 2 in., the

long.

nearly as long as the perianth, the filaments slightly flattened ; iiber

small. Style short, with a spreading 9-lobed stigma. Berries small.—

A. fasciculatus, R. Br. Prod. 281 ; ; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 79 ; Asparagopsis

floribunda, A. Brownei, and A. Decaisnei, Kunth, Enni: v. 98, 103, and

numerous other s synonyms quoted by Baker

: roe ord Islands of the Gulf of oe aaa "T R. Brown; mouth of Victoria

River, F. M : Goulburn Islands, 4. Cunningham ; King's Sound and Collier

ha Yai District, Martin ; et River, Gulliver ; Port Essing-

ton, | isi: Port Darwin, Schultz,

d. Cape York, Daemel ; (ae Sidmouth, C. Moor

Mr as of opinion that Brown's specimen might be riii to re ke

Asiatic Pract hie acerosus, Roxb., but it 3 it appears to me d 2 Praeses y

Schultz; and although it has the cladodes slightl Vh mage more pro straight

than usual in A. ra acemosus, yet not nearly so mu acl 66 di the tru

8. EUSTREPHUS, R. Br.

Perianth deciduous, of 6 distinct oblong segments, nearly equal

length, the 8 outer rather firmer, valvate in the bud, and mey food.

VOL, VII,

18 CXXVII. LILIACE®. an

Saisie saci a, hard albumen, and sm embryo. —A glabrous, much-

branched leafy climber. Flowers bout jm together, pedicellate in the

The genus is limited to a single species exclusively Australian.

1. E. latifolius, R. Br. Prod. 981, —Stems much branched, often climb-

ing to a great height, weak and flexuose, but not twining. Leaves sessile

or nearly so, varying from broadly ovate-lanceolate to arrow Tindall

usually tapering to a point, of a firm t texture, with numerous fine but

prominent nerves, mostly 2 to 4 in. long, those under the branches often

reduced to small scales. Pedicels 2 to 6 together in the upper cells,

filiform but rigid, 4 to 9 lines long, articulate close under the flower

usually

above 4 in. diameter, of an orange eolour, with about 8 to 195 Mobi but

sometimes much smaller with very few seeds.—Baker in Journ. Linn.

Soe, xiv. 572 ; Bot. = t. 1245 ; Endl. Ieonogr. t. 4 ; E. Watsonianus,

Miq. in Linnæa., x : Bromei, E. Muell. Fragm. vii. 78; Luzu-

riaga latifolia, Poir: Diet. Suppl. iii.

Queensland. Rockingham m Bay, Dallach

N.S. Wales. Port 5 ackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and many others;

northward to qd Sm de Beckler ; southward to Illawarra, Shepherd, Ralston ;

Twofold Bay, F. Mue

Victoria. Snowy Ta F: uud

Var. "weis Leaves mostly or narrow-lanceolate, but occasionally

with ^ ME ae Br.l.e.; Luzuriaga angustifolia, Poir.

hn 536.

FUSE OU. Much more common in tropical and subtropical latitudes thas the

PESTE form. Shoalwater E Bey hes Pu rland Islands, R. n y

ton Bay, 4. Cunningham to vem ced Port Denison, Rocking-

iun Bay, &c., y Bowman, Fitealan, Dallaehy, and many other

ackson, U.

S. rarae: Tapedition ; Richmond River,

Faweett, but the ass all narrow in few specim ens only.

9. GEITONOPLESIUM, A. Cunn.

Perianth deciduous, of 6 distinct oblong segments, equal in length,

3 outer rather firmer, valvate in the bud and shortly hood-shaped

at the apex; the 8 i inner flat, ptt with thin

imbricate, Stamens 6 6, hypogynous, not exceeding the perianth;

entire margins, unt :

Geitonoplesium. | CXXVII. LILIACEJ. 19

ments filiform, free or very slightly connected in a ring at the base;

A oblong-linear, erect, the cells opening in longitudinal slits.

Ovary sessile, short, 8- celled, with severa a in each cell; style

filiform, the stigmatic apex undivided. Fruit nearly globular, 3- celled,

without pulp, the pericarp somewhat — at length dry an often

— loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds irregularly shaped, with a black,

rather thickl nisu testa, hard albumen and small embryo.—A

The genus is limited to the single Australian species which extends to Sas South

Pacific Islands. It closely resembles Eustrephus both in habit and chara

ing only in inflorescence and in the entire not-fringed inner lica genes ents

oblong or almost ovate, contracted into a short petiole, obtuse acute or

tapering ae a boi point, ren d 2 to 8 in. long, rather rigid, with fine

in.

long, the pedieels usually shorter, iier close under the batt with

a minute bract. Berry-like fruit of a dark Bead B io 6 lines diameter.

Seeds few.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. Bou F. Muell. Fragm.

vii. 74; Luzuriaga cymosa and L. montana, R. Br. Prod. 282; Medeola

angustifolia, Red. Lil. t. 398; Geitonoplesium videa and G.

asperum nn. l e.; G. angustifolium, C. Koch in Walp. Ann.

Pree gin and. From Moreton Bay, 4. Cunningham, Leichhardt, dias Rp,

Dal

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue’ Mountains, R. Brown and doni ; north-

ward to New England, €. Stuart; Richmond, Clarence and Hastings Rivers,

Beckler, Henderson, C. Moore, and rete ise Jo pie, Harvey; Illawarra

Ast Junningham, Shepherd ; and Twofold Bay, F. M:

ictoria. Lake King and other Md ruin 2 Gippe Land, F. Mueller and

` others.

Tre 6. DmacxwEx. Perianth more or less gamophyllous, ae

Anthers versatile. Style undivided. Berry indehiscent, or n —

dry and 8-valved. Stems woody, sometimes arborescent.

ulate.

10. DRACZENA, Linn.

Perianth deciduous, tubular, straight, with 6 equal narrow lobes, as

long as or shorter than the tube. pninmeng 6, aint at the orifice of

the tube, and not exceeding the ; fila Q r :

anthers oblong, versatile, the eR piel in longitudinal slits. Ovary

sessile, short, 3-celled, with 1 erect ovule in each cell; petito,

20 CXXVII. LILIACEZ. [ Dracena.

with a capitate obscurely 3-lobed stigma. Fruit a — indehiseent

berry, with 9 cells and seeds, or frequently 1 or 2 only by abortion.

Seeds thick and large, with a = smooth testa closely adhering to the

hard albumen; embryo usually small.—Shrubs or trees, the trunk an

branches marked by the Prim sears ng fallen leaves. Leaves at

the ends of the branches long and n , sessile or contracted into a

petiole, pam and stem-clasping but. sandeep sheathing at the base.

lowers in panicles or heads, articulate on the top of the pedicels.

Bracts "ral a mall, scarious, with a pair of smaller bracteoles when

the flower is solitary within the bract, several when the flowers are

clustered.

A considerable genus, inhabiting the warmer regions of the Old World and

including the celebrated Dragon trees of Teneriffe. The only — found in

Australia is sirubby and widely spread over the Jic region

. angustifolia, Roxb.; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 526.—

Stems not much branched and east but woody, attaining 6 to 12 ft. in

height. Leaves rather crowded under the terminal panicle, 8 in. to

nearly 1 ft. long, i to 1 in. broad, ending in a fine point, shortly con-

tracted at the base but not distinctly petiolate nor sheathing. Panicle

$ to 1 ft. long, with few branches, the pedicels 2 to 3 lines long, very

slender, usually clustered 2 or 3 together along the branches. Bracts

and bracteoles small. Perianth narrow, white or Brecnith, about $ in.

filaments. Fruit 4 in. diameter orrather more, pulpy inside, with 1, 2 or

3 large seeds.—Cordyline Rumphii, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 194, but not the

plant figured under that name in Bot. Mag. t. 4279 ; Dracena reflexa,

F. Muell. in. vi. 120, but not the Mauritius plant to which Lamarck

gave that n

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 857 ; Castle-

reagh River, Gulliver.

d. Port Macquarrie and all along the east coast northwards, 4.

Cunningham ; Barnard and Fitzroy Islands, M*Gillivray ; Cape York, Daemel.

11. CORDYLINE, Comm.

Perianth deeiduous, tubular, straight, with 6 narrow lobes, usually

longer than the tube, all equal or the 8 outer ones rather shorter.

Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the lobes and shorter than them or

scarcely longer; filaments filiform or flattened ; anthers narrow-oblong,

e cells opening in longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, short, 3-celled,

with several (4 to 16) ovules in each cell, superposéd in 2 rows; style

filiform, with a capitate or shortly 3-lobed stigma. Fruit nearly globular,

3- celled, without pulp, but the „pericarp more or less succulent, often

amps quite dry when fully ripe, indehiscent or more or less opening

loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds several in each cell, or solitary by abor-

tion, variously shaped but usually eurved, the testa crustaceous, black

Cordyline. | CXXVII. LILIACEA. $ 21

and shining; albumen waxy ; peep A curved and sometimes nearly as

long as the albumen.—Shrubs or trees, the branches marked by the

annular sears of the fallen tee? es crowded under the paniele or

Dracena, solitary or clustered along the branches, sessile or r pelicllto

each within a small braet with 2 small braeteoles at their

The E is widely spread over the warmer regions of the Old vt Mas one

American species. Of the three Australian species, one is common over a grea

of the Indo-Australian region, the two others are endemi

Perianth-segments of equal length.

Leaves : lus 1} ft. long, 1 to 3 in. broad, with a short

pe . . 1. C. terminalis.

yu 3 S 6 in. long, 14 to 2) in. broad, ‘with a rather

petiole . . . . 2 C. Haageana.

“= : porianth- segments longer than the outer. Leaves 1 :

2 ft. long, 4 to 1 in. broad or even narrow i uis © SC) etree.

I. C. terminalis, Kunth ; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 589.—8tems

attaining 8 to 6 ft. Leaves crowded under the panicle, from 1 to 14 ft.

long or the upper ones half that length, varying from 1 to 3 in. broad,

acuminate at the end and tapering at the base into a sheathing petiole.

reat often 1 ft. long, with spreading solitary or clustered branches of

in. Flowers scattered along the branches either singly or in

diis of 2 or 8, varying from almost sessile to borne on pedicels attain-

ing sometimes 4 or 5 lines. Perianth usually about 4 lines but some-

times attaining 5 lines in length, white reddish or almost purple, divides

se of the segment ; anthers not much shorter than the filaments id

not exceeding the perianth. Ovules 4 to 10 in each cell of the ovary.

Fruit nearly globular, 8 to 4 lines diameter in the dried specimens, more

or less succulent before it is "vu but usually becoming dry or nearly :

when the seeds are fully ripe.—Dracena terminalis, Jacq. Ie. Rar

448 ; Red. Lil. t. 91; Bot. Reg. t. 1749; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. e

D. ferrea, xt ; Bot. Mag. t. 2053 ; Cordyline cannafolia, R. Br.

Po 280; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 196.; C. sepiaria, Seem. Fl. Vit. 811,

Sone piotiwsler Bay, R. Brown ; Ipswich, Nernst ; Pine River, Fitzalan ;

» Dal

N. S. W: Wales. cim Un River, Beckler ; Richmond River, Henderson, Faweett.

The species is ou spread over tropical Asia and Polynesia. In the ordinary

above t ino do long, ind fre wed the flowers are but y leaves are

C 10 pns as lag as broad. m this the var. hedychioides or

hedyehnten E Mue 96, from Cape York, a

r in the leaves ndi in BP i to their length. The fruit in our speci-

mens may be a trifle larger, but if epum at the same degree of maturity does not

i rm.

Var. Manners-Suttonie or. C. amana ogg ee F. Muell Fragm. v. 195, from

Mount Elliott, Fitzalan, and Rockhampton, Dallachy, Bowman, is remarkable for the

22 A CXXVII. LILIACEA. | Cordyline.

rather large white flowers on pedicels in the typical specimens 4 to 5 lines long, but,

as shown by Baker, it is closely connected with the common form by several extra-

Australian varieties, amongst others by that gathered by Sieber in the Mauritius.

shorter than in the other species, usually 8 to 6 in. long and 14 to 2} in.

ueen d. A. Cunningham ; Rockhampton, 0'Shanesy ; Rockingham Bay and

Mount Elliott, Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

9. C. stricta, Endl. in Ann. Wien. Mus. i. 162.—Habit and stature

of C. terminalis, but the leaves very much narrower, rarely 1 in. an

often ‘not above } in. broad when 1 to 2 ft. long. Perianth and inflores-

cence of C. terminalis, except that the three outer segments of the

perianth are distinctly shorter than the inner ones when the flower is

fully out, and sometimes not above 1 of their length. The pedicels are

also usually very short or the flowers quite sessile.—F. Muell. Fragm. v.

195; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xiv. 544; Dracena stricta, Sims, Bot.

Mag. t. 2575; Bot. Reg. t. 956: Charlwoodia congesta, Sweet, Fl.

Austral. t. 18; Cordyline angustifolia and C. congesta, Kunth, Enum. v.

32 : C. rigidifolia, C. Koch and Bouché in Berl. Gartenzeit. quoted by

Baker.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, Fraser.

N. S. Wales. Port Macquarrie, Tozer; Hastings River, Beckler ; Richmond

River, Henderson and others ; Clarence River, Wilcox.

SERIES 2. Capsunares. Fruit dry, capsular or rarely of 1 to 3 inde-

hiscent 1-seeded nutlets

RIBE 7, OCALLIDEE. Perianth gamophyllous, tubular or cam-

panulate. Style undivided. Stock not bulbous.

12. BLANDFORDIA, Sm.

Perianth persistent

dmost eampanulate, with 6 equal short and broad lobes. Stamens 6

e very prominent almost hair-like

papillæ; albumen copious.—Herbs with thickly fibrous roots and tall

. scapes or stems. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem, with

RDUM ee es oe ee

Blandfordia. | CXXVII. LILIACEJE. 23

duall

e base. Lobes about } in. Stamens attached far

above the middle. . ... .. ...* e V^ g

Perianth (about 2 in.) narrow in the lower part, very broad

upwards. Lobes about jin. Stamens attached below

l. B. marginata.

Nd whales. SSTG IO Wr ev x cC

Flowers few, in a loose raceme, the pedicels much longer than

the bracts.

Perianth (1 to 12 in.) narrow in the lower part, abruptly

dilated at about the middle, not broader at the throat . 3. B. nobilis.

Perianth e or more) broad almost from the base an

much dilated upwards, almost campanulate . . . . 4. B.Jfammea.

2. B. grandiflora.

. B. inata, Herb. in Bot, Reg. 1842, Misc. 84, 1845, t. 18.—

Stems rather stout, attaining 2 to 3 ft. Lower or radical leaves often

ches.

at first very short, but lengthening to 1 or even to 2 inches. Bracts

ting one. Perianth 11 to 14 in. long, narrower and more y

tapering to the base than in the other species, the lobes broad, about 3

lines long. Filaments adnate to far above the middle of the corolla tube.

Capsule 1 to 1} in. long, tapering into a stipes often 1 in. long.—F.

Muell. Fragm. vii. 71; Aletris punicea, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 85, t.

111; B. grandiflora, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 49 ; Baker in Journ. Linn.

Soc. xi. 865, not of R. Br. ; B. Backhousii, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1845 under

t. 18; B. intermedia, Herb. in Bot. Reg. 1845, Misc. 64.

Tasmania. Not uncommon in various parts of the island, ascending to 4000 ft.

J. D. Hooker and many others.

2. B. grandiflora, R. Br. Prod. 296.—A tall handsome species,

with the many-flowered crowded racemes of B. marginata, and the

hamii, Li

Bot. Reg. 1845 under t. 18; Bot. Mag. t. 5734; Baker in Journ.

24 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Blandfordia.

N. S. Wales. Elevated peaty bogs i in the Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham, €.

Moore ; Hunter’s River, R. Bro

Var. elongata. Stems tall, the bia ge probably very — but wanting in

r specimens, upper sheath endin subulate points of 6 t Pe d

ace exceeding the bracts. Periant th 2 to n in. long, with t P ios ng narrow

ekai the corolla.

Blue Mountains, C. Moore.

e uch a

often broader when cultivated. Pora. fan ey 4 o0

raceme, although occasionally twice as many, the pedicels 2 or 3 Thee

as long as the bracts even at the time of flowering. Perianth 1 to 11 in.

long, of a brownish-red, the upper part yellow, and - first with a green

tip, narrow at the base, somewhat abruptly dilated at about the middle,

but scarcely broader or sometimes slightly Moo tiactd at the throat,

the lobes shorter than broad and usually very obtuse. Stamens adnate

to about the middle of the perianth or sometimes free rather lower down.

—R. Br. Prod. 296; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. 865; F. Muell.

oe. vii. 70; Bot. "Reg. t. 286 ; Bot. Mag. t. 2008 ; Endl. Iconogr.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 195

and SM others. $e

grandiflora, Bot. Reg. t. 924, but not of R. Br., appears to me to be a variety

of z abe with the flowers rather broader than usual, but neither tapering to the

ae . mar diia nor with the very wide throat of B. grandiflora and B.

= ipie of Blandfor dia Root been distinguished are not constant in pao gene of

almost or quite from the base.— Baker in venire Soc. xi. 366 ; Lindl.

in Paxt. Mag. Bot. xvi. 858, with a plate; Fl. des Serres, t. 585; B.

bees Fl. des Serres, t. oa: ck not of a

S. Wales. Port Macquarrie, Backhouse ; Tweed River, C. Moore ; Hastings

Riven, Beckler ; Tosd River, Henderson, Mrs. Tate: New England, C.

B. aurea, Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5809, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc.

me to be a variety of B. flammea, with the perianth yellow fom the coh aes

Ma get d ef 6209, we e no specimen ; ies

sented as large as that o grandifiora, sha in B. mmea, of w.

also the loose raceme and short bracts. SE Ha

CXXVII. LILIACEA.: 25

Trisz 8. MenantHace®. Perianth-segments free or — united. at

the base, rarely to the middle. Style more or less divided into 8

stigmatic branches or short distinct styles. Stock not at all or scarcely

bulbous. Anthers frequently turned outwards.

18. HEWARDIA, Hook.

Perianth divided nearly to the base into 6 petal-like deciduous spreading

segments, all nearly equal and similar, the very short persistent base

adnate to the base of the ovary. EAR 3, attached to the base of the

inner segments and much shorter than t them ; filaments short, dilated

below the middle ; anthers erect, sagittate, the cells opening outwards

in longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, 3-celled, with numerous ovules

superposed in 2 rows in each cell; style short, with 3 recurved a ic

lobes. Capsule oblong, coriaceous, opening loculicidally in 8 valves,

leaving a persistent central placentiferous columella. Seeds own.

—Perennial with the ea leaves distichous and crowded at the base

of the "m as in Irideæ. Stem simple, with a single rather large

ower.

genus is limited to the single Tasmanian species. It has all the characters of

idee, except that the ovary is superior, adnate only by the T short base, and

it ought perhaps to be referred to that order as an exceptional genu

lines wide. Stem 6 in. to 1 ft. high, with 2 or 8 distant sheathing

short leaves, more membranous than the radical ones, and the 2 upper-

enclosing the pedicel. Flower r solitary, t terminal, on a pedicel shorter

than the perianth but often 1 thening after flowering.

o k. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 47; F. Muell. ees

7 pam enl mountain ranges near sois uarrie Harbour,

isa

Miilig unn ; f Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield, C. Stuart ; alpine regions

of Mount Field’ East, F. F. piove Aia a Range and Lake Pedder, Johnstone.

14. MILLIGANIA, Hook. f.

. Perianth persistent, divided nearly to the base into 6 membranous

irregularly 3-nerved lobes, all equal and similar. Stamens 6, attached

to the base of the lobes and shorter than them; filaments ts slightly

flattened; anthers ovate, erect or scarcely versatile, the cells opening

My in longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, 8-celled, with rather

erous ovules in each cell superposed in 2 ignes style more or

be. deeply divided into 8 lobes stigmatie at the end. Capsule mem-

26 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Milligania.

branous with 3 laterally prominent lobes or angles, opening loculi-

cidally at the apex in 3 valves. Seeds several, narrow, often somewhat

eurved, with a hooked terminal appendage; testa black, Maren

shining; albumen fleshy ; embryo linear, central or nearly so.—Densely

tufted rather tall or dwarf plants, the stem inflorescence and somete

m leaves more or less clothed or sprinkled with loose almost woolly

. Leaves chiefly radical, long and very prominently nerved. Stems

pest Shortly le at the base. Flowers numerous in a terminal

panicle, shortly pedicellate along its branches, or rarely few in a short

corymb each within a single bract, and usually hermaphrodite.

The genus is limited to Tasmania. With "uiis: of the habit of Astelia, the

characters are more odiiy those of Anguillaria

Perianth ege, the fruit. Stamens very short. Style

very short, conical, deeply 3-lobed.

Panicle dense. Flowers almost sessile xal aW E do iftora.

Panicle loose. Flowers distinctly pedicellate . 2. M. longifolia.

Perianth enclosing. the i Style and stamens of - M.

t "Dwarf DES with a es of less than 6

flow She 3. M. Johnstoni.

Porianth ' flleied under this amall fruit. tame ens more

than

lf as long as the perianth. Style filiform, longer

an the ovary: orty 3-lobed at the ar Panicle

many flow ^ . 4. M. stylosa.

1. M. densiflora, Hook. : Fl. Tasm. ii. 62. bond near M. longifolia,

but the leaves are shorter, broader, more rigid, the panicle narrow and

compact, 6 to 8 in. long. Flower erowded on the short branches and

very nearly sessile, the perianth larger ait in M. longifolia, the lobes 5

or even 6 lines long. Stamens very shor

á Heras Mount Sorrel, Macquarrie vixi Milligan ; Mount Lapeyrouse,

(field.

de N- -ilongiflin Hook. f. in Hook. Kew Journ. v. 296, t. 9, Fl.

ing

8 is ny about 2 lines xe “a not dg so broad. Seeds

ith a v

River, Gunn ; Macquarrie Harbour, riskja

Johnstoni, F. Muell. Herb.—A dwarf plant, the stems 1 to 8

in. rie covered with the broad leaf-sheaths, some of the older ones

split in ents. Blade of the leaves lanecolate; acute, not above

ASA HUC RR oR a a IBN RD Oe oat

Milligania. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 27

lin. long. Flowers 8 to 6, in a vers eorymb about as long as the

leaves, the pedicels short, each one in the axil of a leafy bract not

longer than the perianth, Perianth ek 4 lines long, divided to about

the middle into narrow-oblong lobes, the tube broad, very shortly adnate

at the base. Stamens shortly exserted from the tube; anthers ovate-

erae Style cene about as long as the ovary, very shortly 8-lobed

at he apex. Capsule shorter than t the tube, the angles scarcely pro-

ent a a onerune readily in 3 slits, tek not quite ripe in the

ipédmina

Tasmania. SUE country on the Huon River, E. Johnston.

4. M. stylosa, F . Muell. Herb.—Radical leaves 6 in. to above 1 ft. long

and 3 to 1 in. broad in the broadest part, but rapidly tapering to a long

int. Stems stout, 1 to 14 ft. high, the loose wool of the inflorescence

much shorter than in M. longifolia. Panicle rather dense, with

numerous flowers, and a few broad leafy bracts of 1 in. or more under

perianths. Flowers racemose along the branches, on pedicels of 2 to

4 lines long. Perianth-segments narrow, about 2 lines long, reflexed

under the fruit. Stamens rather shorter than the perianth, with small

ovate anthers. Ovary depressed-globular, the ovules rather numerous ;

style subulate, at least as long as the ovary, shortly but distinctly

9-lobed at the apex not 2 lines diameter, with 3 obtuse pro-

minent angles, the pericarp m ed but opening readily at the angles

ee not que m ri cimens. Seeds few, Diack A ar,

Summit of Mount Lapeyrouse, where it forms dense masses, Oldfield,

hermaphrodite flowers and capsular fruit place this this phat un-

doute i in Milligania ad not in Astelia.

15. WURMBEA, Thunb.

Perianth persistent, divided to the middle or more deeply into 6, rarely

8, spreading lobes or segments all equal and similar. Stamens 6, rarely

8, attached to the base of the lobes or meee and shorter than them ;

filaments filiform, usually dilated at the base; anthers ovate, erect or

almost — the cells opening laterally or pgs nn outwards in longi-

tudinal slits. Ovary ampi 9-celled, with several ovules in each cell;

— Small herbs s, the base of the stem and persistent brown leaf-

unis —€— into a narrow tunieated bulb. Leaves ed ovate

late or linear. Flowers either solitary and te rina

terminal mike; sessile along vh rhachis, Mp enitn cx el ll

polygamous. Bracts n

one,

28 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Wurmbea,

Besides the four Australian species which are endemic in the south-western

districts, there are several from South Africa

Leaves ovate or lanceolate. Spikes denso. Perianth

6-lobed.

Perianth-se. segments united to the middle, 7 to 9 linos long 1. W. tubulosa

Perianth-segments united to 1, 3 to 4 lines lon 2. W. Drummondii.

Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate. Spikes fo Aowera.

erianth-segments 6, united to 4 3. W. pygmea,

Prik almost filiform. Flowers solitary. Perianth-

segments 8, very shortly united . 4. W. tenella.

ubulosa, Benth.—Bulb and lower leaves unknown; upper

ses broadly lanceolate, contracted at the base and tapering into a long

oint. nse, of above 10 flowers. Perianth 7 to 9 lines long, the

mc united to near the middle into a narrow tube; lobes acute,

without transverse glands. Stamens attached to the base of the lobes,

much s orter than them, with small anthers. Ovary in the flower

examined narrow, probably imperfect, with 8 long filiform styles.

W. Australi Champio e Nf Herb. F. Mueller, where there are only tw

spikes, but the peculiar flowers admit of referring them to any other mia ;

the perianth-tube is indeed yd than i in any African «fh except W. longiflora.

mondii, Benth.—A dwarf plant, none of our specimens

eeding 4 Bulb tunicated, shining. Leaves 2 or 8, ovate

ieitodlats, acute but not acuminate, 1 to 1} in. long in our specimens

and 3 to 6 lines broad at the base. Flowers in a rather dense spike,

polygamous and usually small, but the perianth varying from under 3

to above 4 lines in length, the segments united to about 1 of their length.

Stamens attached to the base of the lobes and shorter than them ;

anthers small, shortly ovate. Styles scarcely longer than the ovary.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll.

9. W. pygmea, Benth.—Nearly allied to W. Drwmmondii and

stature as small, but the leaves much narrower, linear or linear-lanceo-

arrow

late, contracted at the base, flowers smaller, fewer in the spike, often

only ES us 2, ee -segments 6 (or very rarely a 7th) scarcely united

and

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll., Preiss, n. 1599.

.4. W. te

cocta ed at the base. tree sho cbr dun de enun the

T caesar ir dilated oh united in a ring at the base ; anthers small.

Wurmbea.] CXXVII. LILIACEA. 29

cage meet longer than the ovary.—Anguillaria tenella, Endl. in Pl.

Pus

Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll., Preiss, n. 1598 ; Greenough

Fi C. Gray.

16. ANGUILLARIA, Br.

Perianth persistent, of 6 distinet spreading segments, all equal and

similar. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the ments or almost

wards the ba anthers ovate-oblong, versatile, the cells opening later-

ally in longitudinal aliis: Ovary —€— i celled, with rather numerous

ovules in each cell; styles 8, distinct or united at the base, shortly

filiform, recurved, prinio along the inner edge at least towards the

Ca apsule prominently 8-angled, opening loculieidally in 8 —

Seeds small, globular, the testa thin brown and appressed; album

fleshy, rather hard. Embryo small, near the hilum.—Small "he rbs, the

base of the stem and persistent brown leaf-sheaths thickened into a

narrow tunicated bulb. Leaves few, linear, the uppermost reduced to a

broad loose sheath and short lamina or point. Flowers often more or

less dicecious, either TRIA and terminal or sessile along the rhachis of

a simple spike. Bracts

The genus is limited to the two species endemic in Australia, It only differs from

Wurmbea in the perianth-segments distinct from the base.

Perianth-segments without Mp. transverse gland. Styles

shortly ee i ie tes 1. A. densiflora.

Perianth-segment: Faces verse single or double gland

below the middle. P fola distinct from the base . 2. A. dioica.

ensiflora, Benth. ae pry tunicated. Stems about

dite in the specimens seen. Perianth-segments 4 to 5 lines long,

less spreading from the base than in A. dioica, scarcely uide with-

any transverse gland. Stamens nearly as long as the e

filaments slightly dilated at the base, anthers narrow- hiag. Styles

filiform, considerably longer than the ovary, very shortly united at the

se.

W. Australia. Murchison River, Oldfield ; Greenough Flats, C. Gray.

, R. Br. Prod. 273.—Bulb tunicated.

2. A. Stem varying

from 2 or 8 in. papiru 1 ft. high. Leaves few, the lowest reduced to

brown elongated je EA — ones usually 3 or 4, linear, varying

1 ,

from 1 to 3 or even 4 in. long, the lowest sometimes narrow from

i the others more or pos dilated at the base into a broad loose

Sheath, the uppermost often reduced A the broad base with a short

point or only acute, and therefore i get called a spatha. Flowers

either solitary and terminal or 1, 2 or more sessile along the simple

rhachis which is often flexuose, peleen the strictly female ones

30 CXXVII. LILIACEJ. [ Anguillaria-

—

-* E

Fwd

®©

< Ed

Iconogr. t. 8; T biglandulosa and A. uniflora, R. Br. Prod. 278 ; A.

monantha, Endl. in Pl. Preiss, ii. 45 ; A. australis, F. Muell. Fragm. vii.

74; Pleea Sieleri, Reichb. in Sieb. Pl. Exs.; Melanthium Browni

Schlecht. Linnæa, i. 86.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, fodit; = Beckler ; Darling Downs,

Woolls ; Armidale, Perrott ; Rockhampt n, O' Shanes:

N. S. . Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 156, and

Sid Thes petes € New England, C. Stuart ; bebe River, Wilcox ;

Richmond River, Henders

View ria. Wendu Vale, Robertson ; about Melbourne, Adamson, F. Mueller, and

others.

D. prezen Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; abundant throughout the island, J.

ooker.

S. Australia. St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller; Mount Gambier, Mrs. Wehl ;

Yorke Peninsula, Fowler; in the interior from Lake Eyre to the River Finke, Giles.

W. Australia. From King George's Sound to Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll.,

n. 784, 185, 786, Paste n. 1598, 1600, 1602, 1603, and many others; Murchison

River, 0 dut.

the rdiet specimens m very varie peste into distinct be

either by general size or b that ot the perianth, by the more or less spathiform

upper leaves, by t umber of rs, 1, 2 or more in the spike, by the colour of

gments described as yellow, with or without a purple pec ae or almost wholly

purple, or by the union or distinctness of the glands on their surfac

17. IPHIGENIA, Kunth.

Perianth ea of 6 distinct spreading m all equal and .

similar, S

s 6, hypogynous, very much shorter than the perianth ;

anthers ovile -Oblong. versatile, the cells opening laterally i in longitudinal

slits. Ovary sessile, i vex with rather numerous ovules in each cell ;

styles 8, very shortly united at the base, recurved, stigmatic along the

inner edge. Capsule less angular than in Anguillaria, opening loculicid-

ally in 3 valves. Seeds small, globular, the testa thin brown and

appressed ; albumen fleshy. Embry small, near the hilum.—Herbs

forming a nal tunicated bulb, the oie simple, wi

Flowers few, on long pedicels, or sessile in a species not Australian

Besides the Australian species, which is widely distributed over East India, there

are one or two others from East India, and one in New Zealand. The genus is

closely allied to Anguillaria, an included in it by R. Brown, differing from

i the separately deciduous perianth-segments and ns. Kunth places it

ina nt er, as havi anthers introrse, not I have failed to

————M—— ane

Iphigenia. | CXXYII. LILIACER. 31

anther, and when the flower is expanded the anther becomes versatile, with the

attachment, if not basal, rather dorsal than towards the inner face.

indica, Kunth, rei iv. 213.—Stems simple, about 1 ft.

high i in the Australian specimens, slender, with a few rather long linear

or linear-lanceolate leaves, sheathing at the bas owers few, at the

end of the stem, on rather long slender erem ‘subtended, at least the

lower ones, by lea afy bracts. Perianth purple or red, the segments

narr ow-linear, RUN 3 lines long in the Australian specimens, longer in

some Indian ones. Capsule ovoid or oblong, 4 to 5 lines long.—F.

Muell. SEAE D. 74 ; Anguillaria indica, R. Br. Prod. 273; Wall. Pl.

As. Rar. iii. t. 259.

iae N. Australia. Arnhem N. bay and islands of the coast, R. Brown ; Sea Range,

meee

€— and. Rockhampton and adjoining districts, Bowman, O’Shanesy ;

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

18. SCHELHAMMERA, Br.

Perianth of 6 distinct decano: segments, all nearly equal and similar,

induplieate or convolute round the corresponding stamens in the bud,

spreading t in fl tamens 6, attached to th

base of the segments and shorter than em ; nts thick or

opening laterally i in longitudinal slits, turned outwards when ' fully ou

Ovary sessile, prominently 3-angled, 3-celled, with several ovules Bia

posed in 2 rows in each cell; style more or less deeply divided into 3

recurved lobes stigmatic along the inner edge. Capsule nearly globular,

with an almost fleshy pericarp, opening loculicidally in 3 valves.

Seeds irregularly ovoid-globular, the funicle expanded into a broad

irregular strophiole ; testa very thin, light brown, closely appressed ;

albumen ath hard. Embryo very 'small, near the hilum.—Pe rennials,

with fibrous roots sd simple or branched stems. Leaves sessile, ovate

or lanceolate. Flowers terminal, pedicellate, solitary or several together

in an umbel sessile within the last leaves.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Leaves with SUME. uiid margins. Flowers poteris

or rarely 2 togeth ich.

Leaves quite entire. fave usually above 10 in the umbel . 2. S. insane

i undulata, R. Br. Prod. 274.—Fibrous roots often swollen

into aan tubers, Stems slender, diffuse and branching at the base,

ascending or erect, rarely much above 6 in. high. Leaves ovate-lanceo-

late, varying however in breadth, 1 to nearly 2 in. long, membranous,

with slightly prominent nerves, the margins minutely undulate. Flowers

pedicels of 4 to 1 in, without bracts. Perianth-segments usually about

4 lines long, oblong, almost acute, either wholly flat when fully out or

32 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Schelhammera.

remaining concave at the base. Ovules 4 to 6 in each cell.—F. Muell.

ii 2. :

Fragm. vii. 71; Bot. Mag. t. 271

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R, Brown and many others;

Newcastle, Leichhardt ; Illawarra, 4. Cunningham ; Cape Howe Ranges, Walter.

2. S. multiflora, R. Br. Prod.274.—Stems from a knotted rhizome,

rather more rigid th

involucral leaves. Pedicels filiform, ł to 1 in. long. Perianth-segments

about 4 lines long as in S. undulata, but rather more rigid. Ovules

usually 4 in. each cell; seeds only 1 or 2.—F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 72.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy;

Cape York Peninsula, Hann’s Expedition, n. 367; Cape York, Daemel.

19. KREYSIGIA, Reichb.

(Tripladenia, Don.)

Perianth of 6 distinct deciduous segments, all nearly equal and similar,

flowers axillary on a slender peduncle.

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia; the structure of

the requires further examination. It has only been described by Don, and

those of our specimens are all fallen away from the capsules.

1. K. multiflora, Reich), Iconogr. Exot. iii. 11, t, 229.—Stems from

a knotty rhizome, ascending or erect, simple, flexuose, 3 to 14 ft. high.

CN TAR NN o ote nme

Kreysigia.] CXXVII. LILIACEJ. 33

about 4 lines long, but bet in size, the lateral appendages at their

base either dilated or 2- or 8- even 4-lobed at their glandular apex.

Capsule 3 or 4 lines di saint ae Bot. Mag. t. 8905 ; F. Muell. Fragm.

vii. 71; Schelhammera multiflora, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 1511, not of Br. ;

Tripladenia Cunninghamii, Don in Proc. Linn. Soc. 1839. 46, Ann. Nat.

Hist. ser. 1. iv. 282.

Queensland. Pine River and Moreton = F. mies

e Hastings oe ie Fraser, A. Cun a dk Beckler ; Richmon

Rive e, Henderson, and others; Macleay ees Guilfoyle ; 'Tweed m

Fogesu: g tai River, Wilcox

20. BURCHARDIA, R. Br.

Perianth of 6 distinet edem segments, all eed equal and "go.

induplicate or convolute round the corres kp stamens in the

spreading and flat when in flour: Stamens 6, attached to the base of

the perianth-segments and shorter than’ nr filaments flattened towards

the ceni anthers linear-oblong, attached near the base, the cells open-

ing o wards in longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile but tapering at the

base, Beall 3-angled, 3-celled, with —€— ide n superposed

in 2 rows in each cell; style short, with 8 recurved stigmatic lobes.

Capsule oblong or ovoid, deeply 3-furrowed and “olikaaaty 3-angled,

a septicidally in 3 valves, with marginal placentæ. Seeds angular,

a brown thin adnate testa. Embryo small, in a fle e albumen,

ud far fed the hilum.—Herb with a fibrous root, and simple or

ms ma branched stem, with few narrow leaves not distichous. Rowers

al umbel, a few outer bracts forming a small invo

ds genus is limited to the single Australian species.

1. B. umbellata, R. Br. Prod. 273,—Stem enclosed at the base in

a few brown rinm of old leaves but not bulbous, 1 to 2 ft.

high, usually simple but occasionally with 1 or 2 erect branches.

Leaves 1 to 8 at the base of the em narrow-linear, concave, 3 to 6 in

long, with a sheathing base, the upper leaves few, much shorter or

reduced to dheatting bracts. Flowers several often numerous in the

umbel, di sometimes partially centrifugally ee pem v

rae shorter than the pedicels, which vary in w lines

to 2 in, Perianth-segments white, oblong or elliptical, sa p 4

lines, but from 3 to 6 lines long. Capsule when fall

one grown

attaining ab in.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 46; Endl. in. Pl. Preiss.

u 44; SB. uota and B. congesta, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 58;

Endl. Le,

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 153, 154, and others ; northward

> (mc B River, Beckler; Richmond River, Henderson; southward to Illawarra,

ingham

ad enda Vale, Robertson; Port Phillip, Gunn; about Melbourne,

34 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Burchardia,

Tasmania. Northern parts of s island, Gunn and others.

S. Australia. Very abundant from s Mis cent’s Gulf to the Murray, Behr, F.

Mueller, : cud Std rg aero

g George’ E Rodi o Swan and Murchison Rivers,

Drinin. lst coll. segs n. ». 783; on n. 1604, in 1608, and others

variations in the size of the flowers are nearly n: observable in all the

co. Pone some of the Swan River specimens are in every respect pU most luxuriant,

but others again are as starved and small-flowered as any eastern o

ANTHERICEE. Perianth segments free or very shortly

TRIBE 9.

united at the base. Style undivided, with a small terminal entire or

slightly idees stigma. Stock not bulbous. Flowers racemose, pani-

culate or umbellate, rarely solitary. Bracts thinly scarious usually

hyaline or Est not glume-like.

21. BULBINE, Linn.

Perianth deciduous, of 6 equal segments, free or slightly connected at

the base. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the perianth, and shorter

than its segments ; filaments filiform or shortly dilated at the base,

bearded above the middle by a dense tuft of filiform or clavate hairs;

anthers oblong-linear, usually recurved or twisted after shedding the

Seeds few, angular, black, the ‘testa opaque, smooth or tubercular-

ulate.—Perennials, with fibrous roots proceeding sometimes from à

thick tuber under the stock. Leaves radical or crowded at the base of

the stem, with short sheaths. Scape simple, leafless, ending in a sim simple

raceme of yellow flowers, the pedicels so vx within a searious bract,

and articulate immediately under the flower

Besides the two

o sque endemic in Australia, there are a indui adds number

Perianth usually about 4 in. jong on or more. All the filaments `

bearded. Root oftentuberous. . . . . . . . . 1. B. bullosa.

Perianth about i in. Only the 3 pese filaments bearded.

No tuber to the root . . . . . .. . . . . 4 29. B. eemibarbata.

obscurely 3-nerved centre. Filaments all equal or the inner ones longe -

the tuft of hairs sometimes very short immediately under the anther E

Bulbine. ] CXXVII. LILIACEX. 35

rather below it, sometimes occupying the upper half of the filament with

the anther almost buried in it; but I have always seen the anther itself

quite glabrous, usually shorter than the filament. Capsule erect, about

8 lines di conum ripening 1 or 2 seeds in eaeh cell.— Baker in Journ.

Linn. Soc. 945; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 51; F. Muell. Fragm. vii.

70; An icu bulbosum, R. Br. Prod. 275; Bot. Mag. t. 8017; A.

semibarbatum, wr Bot. Mag. t. 8199, ar of R. Br. ; Bulbine australis,

Spreng. Syst. ii. 86; B. suavis, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, Mise. 45 ;

B. Fraseri and B. Hookeri, Kunth, Ne iv. 565, 566.

ensland. Marion en F. Mueller ; ig ade n Leichhardt ; Darling

Dorms, 7 Woolls ; Curri e, Dalton; m

northward to New nt Jacks C. Stuar A ponen nce ati Beckler ; in the interior

from the Darling to the western frontier, Dallachy, Mitchell, and o ims

Victoria, From the Glene «ds and lower Yarra, Robertson, Adamson, F. Mueller,

Some qma from the islands of Bass's Straits, Wilhelmi, and Mount Buller, F.

Mueller, show a very large VM with long, thick succulent leaves. Some of the

smaller than usual; the hai s of the beards are, however, very variable in length,

number, and density, and in the -gre ae or less admixture.of clavate hairs. The

igure in Bot. Mag. t. 3017, representing the anthers as well as the filaments hairy

in their whole length, must have been a mistake, as they are not so in the typical

die preserved. The description was probably drawn up in that respect from

€ plate.

Some specimens t by Gunn, as gathered in a shrubbery near Georgetown,

with a note that es possibly have been in euet appear to be the B. longiscapa,

Willd., a South African species long cultivated in European gardens

2. B. semibarbata, Haw. Rev. Pl. Succ. 33. —Roots fibrous, with-

Out any tubers under ‘the stock. —Leav ves usually narrow-linear, but

varying i in length almost as much as in B. bulbosa. Scapes from a few

smaller than in D. bulbosa. Perianth rarely above 8 lines long, and the

pun pea longer. Stamens 3 opposite the outer segments almost

hypo , the filaments short without beards, 9 attached to the base

hrad. in various Botanical Gardens ; Tr Be pc racemosum, Endl. in

Pl. Preiss. ii, 54.

c" Moreton Bay, 0. Stuart ; Ballandool River, Locker. a.

e ales. the interior at Nangas, M* Arthur ; Darling River,

piper Bogan and Lachlan Rivers, L. Morton; Stokes Range to Cooper's Creek,

‘Victoria. Generally distributed over the Slay, F. Mueller and —

36 CXXVII. LILIAOEZX. [ Bulbine.

asmania. Port Dalrymple, R. » Brown ; ; common in moist and marshy places in

various qu of the | gi J. D. Hi

. Cove, R. Brown; round St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller

and other: Sotto Peninsula, Fowler ; Kangaroo Island, R. n ee Muel ller.

W. Aus eorge's Sound and adjoining dist . Brown, F.

Mueller, xu dh many others ; Blackwood River, Oldfield ; Lake Mui, ies; ; Rottenest

Island, "Preiss, n. 2407.

22. AGROSTOCRINUM, F. Muell.

Perianth with a eampanulate persistent base, articulate above the

ovary, with 6 poe spreading 5-nerved s wir nts, spirally twi -— after

flowering, and at length deciduous. Stamens 6, hypogynous, slightly

declinate, shorter than the perianth ; filaipente short, glabrous, b

: attened ; anthers linear, longer than the filaments, openin rminal

Ores, Ovary sessile, 3-celled, with 2 collateral erect aret in each

«B. ; style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Capsule nearly

globular, surrounded by the truncate persistent base of the perianth,

3. valved. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell; obovoid or nearly pe with a

small fugacious strophiole ; testa erustaceous, black, smooth an

8 —Stems erect, with narrow leaves not crowded. Flowers blue

ina loose terminal raceme, with a minute bract under each pedicel.

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in West Australia.

1. A. stypandroides, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 95, vii. 65.—Stems erect,

simple, often 2 to 3 ft. high, glabrous sede but more or less scabrous-

hirsute under the inflorescence. Leaves narrow-linear, with rather long

sheaths, quite closed round the stem, ind flattened with an acute keel.

owers blue and showy, the raceme simple or once branched. Pedicels

filiform, rather distant, often above 1 in. long, usually scabrous- hirsute

SW rhachis

as the . Perianth 6 to 8 lines long, the campanulate

rsistent base gid 1 ii long when in flower, 2 lines long round the

segmen! ai 5-nerved, and equal in length, the outer ones

more opaque, um narrow margins, the sek ones with broad nerveless

ee Capsule on 2 lines diameter. Lied scabra, R. Br.

. Sw

App. B Casia sabrá, Baker in Journ . Linn. Soe. xv. 859; Arthro-

podium scabrum, Spreng. Syst. ii. 87.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown; King George's Sound to Swan River,

A. anim, Wine lst Coll. and No. 775, 716, Pri, n. 1538, Oldfield and

and Cape Paisley, Mazwell. Sent by F. Bari

with s a jam T4 dn bf Stypandra glauca, as the plan t called Blind grass, beca

it is supposed to cause blindness in cattle and sheep that ai of it

28. THYSANOTUS, R. Br.

(Chlamyspermum, Salish.)

Perianth spirally twisted over the ovary after flowering, but some-

times at length deciduous, of 6 distinct segments, all nearly equal i2

———À

Thysanotus.} CXXVII. LILIACEA. 37

length, with an opaque 8-nerved centre, the 3 outer usually narr

acute with narrow thin entire margins, the 8 inner with broad civit

margins, rolled inwards over the inner stamens in the bud, and peed

fringed on the edges. Stamens 3 opposite the outer segments hypogy-

nous or sometimes wanting, 3 attached to the base of the inner seg-

ments, all more or less declinate in the expanded flower, shorter than

ting in

thick ctas 8-celled, with 2 icr ovules in each cell; style fili-

form, undivided. Capsule usually globular, 3-valved. ds i

simple or ethane branched. Flowers in terminal or rarely lateral

umbels rarely reduced to a single flower. Bracts short scarious imbri-

hig: co. are all ARA but one of n extends to the Philippine Islands

d South a. They are often very difficult to discriminate, especially from

inner and outer ens and the absence of the latter in some species may not be

always so constant as would | appear at first sight.

SERIES l. Triandre. Stamens 3. oer densely tufted, with numerous radical leaves

shorter vB the scape. Species all West.

simple, with a single aoia terminal um

bel, or very rarely a secon neo one gigs down.

Plant quite glabrous . . ` " Wo. decide mono"

Leaves hirsute o hd LEY

Scape and vii s slender. Umbels fow-flowered, several,

orten num a dense terminal p

Roots fibrous, w without UN Sow E orans : T. gla

Roots tubero En rna di

Scape T be witha single few-flowered umbel . i * T. pauciflorus.

Serre Hexan "guns vaa 2 3 usually o bud "M longer than the others.

Stock « k densely fane, wi radical lea No

Rigid and Mine. Flowers. 9 to 10 lines long, on short

pedicels. W species 6. T. "asper.

Slender and glabrous. Flowers 3 3 to 4 lines long, on

long pedicels. 'Tro opical spec 7. T. ehrysantherus.

Stock usuall oo with mr adioa] l Tostes often

piers ete Roots often tuberous. panicu-

late at the end, with sa few-dowered a ars

Radical leaves n Scapes short.

Panicles comp mets e v cam ic Western

cac E, Mab. 9 + ow od 32 BÀ. Tt ero.

Stamens 3 iar pl sitis >e » 9. T. tenelios,

38 CXXVII. LILIACEA. [ Thysanotus.

Belia: leaves d Ey numerous, often long. Umbels

y nm

Raves ithe “thick, Panicle short, rigid, prea

bra: ove Bracts 2 to 3 lines long. Weste

. T. scaber.

Leaves very narr ow. Panicle loose. Bracts 1 to 2

lines long. Species chiefly Eastern or Southern.

Stamens e eem ed neis than the others . ll. T. tuberos

Stamens vici ual 19 E peste

Leaves Pr Panicle thyrsoid, much-

branched Hs compact but slender. Western

speci . T. thyrsoideus.

Stock and ens unknown. , Unbels fow-flowered s several

sessile along the upper part of a simp or slightly-

bran ecl scape, with broad white i ^ Bouton

. T. Baueri.

pus

spec

Roots peche ` Leaves fev. ‘Stem ‘twining, often much

ranched and intrica 15. T. Patersoni.

Stock thick, usually horizontal. No tubers. Leaves few, ;

eeu — prai a early. Umbels mostly termi-

nal, 1

Stems with Mops PETRA terete branches. Eastern

speci 16. T. junceus.

Stems EE terete, the. branches sometimes —

cie mi Western s spe cies . 17. T. dichotomus.

Flowering stems as A £ pE, ‘but others flower-

less from the same stock, with a compact panicle of

pea etane short didhobanisns branchlets. Western

. 18. T. arbuscula.

Stems rigid, ‘flattened, with the margins ‘acute or

winged. Western species . 19. T. anceps.

SERIES 1. TRIANDRÆ. Stamens 3 on ' Stock in = the species

tufted, with numerous radical leaves shorter than the st

1. T. multiflorus, R. Br. Prod. 285.—Stock ae tufted, with

Se Miser ipet tubers. Leaves all radical, numerous, d densely

long cid an oni dtimes exceeding e scape in luxuriant specimens

of the var. prolifer. -Scapes simple, 6 in. to 1 ft. or rarely 11 ft. high,

bearing a single terminal umbel of numerous flowers, or rarely a second

one lower down. Pedicels usually longer than the perianth. Perianth-

segments about 6 lines long, the outer ones very acute, the inner gv

d Stamens 3 only, opposite the inner segments, with short flat

filaments; anthers equal, about half as long as the p —Baker in

Four: Linn. Soc. xv. 340; F. Muell. Fragm. vii

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Bazter F. neers and thence

to Swan River, Drummond, lst coll., Preiss, Joldfeld, an d others

Var. prolifer. A eren form, with long narrow leaves "pee & large many-

flowered terminal um rg iets a second one rather lower down.—T, pro-

ose , Lindl. Bot. Rog. 1838, t. 8; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 38, Maund, Botanist,

La m d rige Preiss, A. sine i nd 1573

rf. . iss. ii. 38 8 ver Preiss, n. ,

is | what appears to be small starved prota gh ara multiflorus, with

bra Sens

Thysanotus. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 39

2. T. triandrus, R. Dr. Prod. 284,—Olosely resembles the medium

or smaller specimens of T. multiflorus, and varies equally in stature and

in the length and breadth of the leaves, but the leaves and often the

base of the scape are more or less hirsute with short rigid pellucid MUN —'

Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 340 ; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 98 ;

Fragm. vii. 69; O withogalum: triandr um, Labil. Pl. Nov . Ho ll. m "Bd,

t. 110; Thysanotus hispidulus, R. Br. Prod. 285 ; Baker in ‘Journ. Linn.

Soc. xv. 841 ; T. nanus, Endl. i n Pl. Preiss. ii 38,

orge’s Sound and sdjoinlig — Labillardiére, R.

Brown, Preiss, n. 1571, 1574, Oldfield, and others; thence to Pe a ver, ‘Drugunond,

Ist coll., and eastward to Cape Legrand and Esperance Bay, Mi

8. T. glaucus, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 88.—Stock densely tufted, with

fibrous roots not tuberous. Leaves numerous, densely tufted, linear

‘subulate, nearly terete, much shorter than the scape. Scapes 6 in. t

nearly 1 ft. high, erect, slender but rigid, leafless, simple below the

inflorescence. owers in umbels of 2 or 8, terminating the branches of

a terminal dichotomous Won corymbose panicle. Pedicels short.

Perianth about j in. long, the outer segments linear- lanceolate, acute,

the inner with a prominent dorsal ridge or wg, Stamens 3, with short

flat filaments.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 341.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1575.

mo ondii, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 941. —Stock

ges reno, Pedieels } to i in. long. Perianth under j in. long.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, several specimens in Herb. DC., which I

have not seen. The species, according to Mr. mese is very near 7. glaucus, but

- with fewer leaves, not so rigid, and the roots tuberou

5. T. pauciflorus, R. Br. Prod, 285.—A small plant with the aspect

of some paora of T. isantherus, and quite glabrous. Leaves tufted,

W. Australia. King George’s ai R. Brown.

Sers 9. Hexanpre. Stamens 6, 3 of them usually but not always

longer mé the others, and often produced into a narrow beak.

|. 6. "T. asper, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 58.—Stock densely tufted, with

40 CXXYIL. LILIACER. [ Thysanotus.

the fibrous roots not tuberous, and general habit of T. triandrus,

Leaves much shorter than the Scape, numerous, rather narrow, rigid,

erect, hirsute. Scape 1 ft. high or more, erect, rigid, hirsute, bearing

a single terminal umbel of 8 to 6 flowers the largest in the genus

Perianth-segments 8 or 9 lines long, the outer ones with very narrow

margins. Stamens 6, very unequal, the 3 longer ones ending in long

narrow beaks.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 338.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll.

shorter than the scape. Scape slender, simple, 6 in. to above 1 ft. long,

bearing a single umbel of 8 to 6 flowers. Pedicels filiform, much longer

t ; ;

about 4 lines long. Stamens 6, 8 of them longer but not very much

longer than the 8 others. Seeds with a white strophiole.— Baker in

Journ. Linn. Soe. xv. 837, under T. chinensis,

N. Australia. Foot of M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Armstrong.

T. chinensis, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 372, from South China and the Philippine Islands,

which I had erroneously (as noted by Hance in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 5, v. 245) described

from a dried specimen as having no fringe to the inner perianth-segments, does not

appear to be specifically distinct from 7. chrysantherus.

antherus, R. Br. Prod. 283.—A small glabrous tufted

Species, with fibrous roots swollen into tubers distant from the stock.

Leaves very fine, rather numerous, often as long as the scape. Scape

under 6 in. high, slender, ending in a small almost corymbose panicle.

Umbels few, all peduneulate, flowers usually 2 or 8 in the umbel, on

pedicels rather shorter than the perianth, Perianth-segments 4 to 5 lines

long tamens 6, all equal or nearly so, the anthers not at all

ed,

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown; Mount Melville and Upper

Kalgan River, F. Mueller ; Perongerup, Mrs. Knight.

, The numerous specimens I have now seen of this plant show that it is quite dis-

tinct from the tropical 7. chrysantherus, to which Baker doubtfully refers it.

9 ten

roots swollen into tubers usually distant from the stock. Leaves more

numerous and finer than in most of the tuberous-rooted species, rather

shorter than the scape, with short searious sheaths. Scape 6 to 9 in.

high, simple below the inflorescence, which forms a short rather dense

somewhat corymbose panicle. Umbels all peduneulate, usually 3- or 4-

flowered, the scarious bracts often numerous. Pedicels rather longer

than the perianth when fully out. Perianth-segments 4 to 5 lines long.

Stamens 6, 8 of them longer than the 3 others.

W., Australia, Swan River, Drummond, ist coll. and n, 802, Preiss, n. 1577.

Thysanotus. | CXXVII. LILIACEX. 41

Baker, in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 337, refers this to the 7. tenuis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838,

it does not appear that any specimen was preserved, and the short description was

evidently made from the drawing. The identi ity or distinctness of the two forms

cannot therefore be determined until fresh specimens are seen

T. scaber, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 87.— Roots fibrous without

aii in most of the ER although in one specimen several of

them bear tubers. Leaves not very numerous, usually rather shorter

than the scape, thick and rather rigid, broader than in T. tuberosus, and

expanding at the base to 2 lines in breadth. Scape stout, flattened in

the upper part, 1 to 14 ft. high. Panicle short and rigid, the branches

usually clustered three together, the ultimate ones bearing each an umbel

of several flowers. Bracts 2 to 8 lines long, with a broad base, the

inner searious braeteoles more or less united. Perianth 5 to 6 lines

long, on pedicels of 8 to 6 lines, the ig segments with rather broad

imbricate margins. Stamens 6, all contracted into a terminal beak,

3 longer than the 3 others, the "yip E at least half as long as the

anthers,—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 336.

PME River, Drummond, aie n. 1578. Some imperfect speci-

from paei e Bay and Cape Legrand, M well, seem almost to ae this

spatiod with 7. diebus, ‘although Drummond's plat das: appear very differ

ll. T. tuberosus, R. Br. Prod. 282.—Fibrous roots swollen into

tubers more or less distant from the stock. Leaves radical, not nume-

rous, narrow-linear, varying from quite short to at least as long as the

rigid, terete, 6 in. to above 1 ft. high, branching into a loose irregularly

dichotomous paniele, varying from narrow-pyramidal to almost corym-

bose, each branch terminating in an umbel of 1 to 3 or 4 flowers, with

sometimes a second umbel sessile on the branch rather lower down.

Bracts bdo the branches and p lanceolate, acute, 1-nerved,

with searious margins, and usually 2 short n searious bracteoles

(often united into one) at the pe of each pedicel. Perianths when full-

grown 6 to 7 lines long in the larger ne Saag scarcely above 4 lines in

a few specimens, on pedicels varying from 3 or 4 lines to twice that

length. Stamens 6, the 3 opposite the i inner chert nearly as long as

the perianth, ending i in a narrow beak ; the 3 others shorter, often much

` Shorter, but the proportions very variable, and sometimes 1 or 2 of the

mor ones fully twice the short ones.—Baker in Journ. n. Soe

v. 885 ; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 69 ; Charsley, Wild Pl. Melb. t. . 6, fd

T. isantherus, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 655, not of R. Br.

Australia. Islands off the north coast (Arnhem’s Land), R. Brown;

IS 8 Land, M‘Kinlay ; Port Essington, Armstrong.

Broad Sound, R. Brown ; ay, vnd oh om iit Mueller, and --—

thers, to to Rockhamp’ Bowman, O Sha. others Rockingham y,

Dallachy ; Port Curs APG nied!

42 CXXVII. LILIACEA. [ Thysanotus,

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Beier n. 499, and

many others ; ; northward to Live rpool Plains, C. Moore; New England, C. Stuart;

Hastings, Clarence, in Macleay Rivers, Beckler and others; irag Illawarra,

Shepherd.

Victoria. Dandenong Ranges and the Grampians to Genoa River, F. Mueller and

many others

S. Australia a. Flinder s Range, F, ly sihh ; Central Australia, G

and Ka

tralia ? Some specimens from Ton algan Rivers, Oldfield, are nob -

Seals from Vena eastern forms of T. de: osus, and possibly T. scaber may

be only an extreme variety.

T. elatior, R. Br. Prod. 283, as generally understood and as probably meant by

Brown OE indicating Port Jackson as the station, is a tall strong many-flowered —

uncommon in ales and Queensland, but the specimens marked —

form,

5 ane in LE R. Br. are a tall slender form with few umbels from the islands

the N.c

T "pe oed R. Br. Prod. 283, Baker in Linn. Soc. xv. 337, an

— R. Br. Prod. 283, pelong z a rather Aaa form frequent in buc

a rather loose pyramidal pani

le ar. parviffora, from New Hagiand and Moreton Bay, only differs in the perianths,

scarcely above 4 lines long.

12. T. exasperatus, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 21.—Closely allied in every

respect to the long-leaved forms of T. tuberosus, from which it cannot be -

distinguished except by the stamens, which are all equal in length, a

very nearly so, as in T. isantherus. How far this character may be

constant remains to be proved.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 995

adduces it as a synonym to T. tuberosus.

S. Australia. Flinders Range, F. Mueller.

18. T. thyrsoideus, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 896.—Root-

fibres swollen into oblong tubers ata distance from the stock. Leaves

. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll.; Champion Bay, Oldfield;

Perongerup, E. pde a e Rbotigh very diffe rent in en t from T. tuberosus, this

species is not easily distinguished by positive characters

14. T. Baueri, H. Br. Prod. 288.—Root-fibres swollen into ovoid oF

oblong Ke aa generally distant from the stoc k. Leaves not numerous,

its branches, besides the terminal one, the scarious braets often

large. de els rather shorter than the perianth. Perianth-segments 4

e as in other species, but rarely under 4 or above 5 lines

long, the mui centres very dark in the dried specimens, Stamens s

a Se eee

ea cae gore

Thysanotus. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 43

unequal, but the 8 enn ones sometimes not much omofa the orhara

—F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 69; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 886, but not

the northern T. Banksii given as a synonym

N.S. Wales. Between the gx and anon reni at Burkitt.

Victoria. Murray River and Wimmera, F. Muel

S. Australia. Around St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller

T. humilis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 22, appears to me to be the same species. It is

described as having the stamens all equal, but in the flowers I examined three were

decidedly longer. In some specimens the ne umbels were wanting, bu but in others

there were three or four, as in the no orm. No specimen of the species

is to be found in Brown’s herbarium, but h his character leaves no doubt as to its

tity.

ersoni, R. Br. Prod. 284.—Roots tuberous, oblong,

ana and close to the stock. Radical leaves few and mostly reduced

to a sheathing scarious scale with a short linear subulate blade and

withering early, the specimens usually leafless are the small linear

scales under the branches. Stems slender, wiry, twining, but generally

low, intricately branched in the flowering part. Flowers solitary or very

rarely 2 together on the ultimate branches or terminal peduncles, with a

pair of small bracts at the articulation 1 to 2 lines below the perianth.

Perianth-segments varying from 8 to 5 lines long. Stamens 6, 3 of them

longer than the others, but in variable proportions. Capsule globular,

2 to 83 lines diameter.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 340; Hook. f.

Tasm. ii. 54; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 69; T. Menziesii, R. Br.

Prod. 28 284 ; "T. Manglesianus, Kunth, Enum. iv. 616; Endl. in Pl.

elss, 97.

iyos S. Wales. Nangas, M‘Arthur; Lake George, Woolls; Paterson River,

teary.

Wendu Vale, eee Fic dien Allitt ; Port Phillip, Gunn ; Mel-

bourne and Upper Tih, F. M: pss hers.

orke Fotisuli, Fowler; St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller and

others; Rivoli Bay, * Mueller.

Creeping monent. grass, not uncommon in many parts of the island,

mis 2 overlooked, J JDA

many others. The _western ‘specimens have eae but n ot 'alwa aye larger flo owers

than the eastern ones, but d otherwise differ. The twi

to this species, slats slight tendency t to it in some exceptional Tars of T. dichoto-

mus, which, however, has never tuberous roots.

16. T. junceus, R. Br. Prod. 288.—Rhizome thick, horizontal when

old, d fibrous roots without tubers. Radical leaves few, narrow-

linear, short and soon withering away. Stems icine! loosely branched,

erect or flexuose, 1 to 2 ft. high, bearing sometimes a short leaf near the .

; and linear scarious scales under the branches. Umbels of 1 to 3

flowers, terminal and sometimes 1 or 2 sessile along the branches lower

down. Pedicels 3 to 6 lines long, or even longer when in arti-

culation often close to the base. Perianth-segments 5 to 6 lines long.

44 CXXVII, LILIACER. [ Zhysanotus.

Stamens 6, 8 of them longer — the others. —Baker in Journ. Linn, |

Soc. xv. 988; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 69; Bot. Mag. t. 2851; Bot. Reg, |

t. 656 ; Chlamysporum juno fib: Salis, Parad. Lond. t t. 108.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Wooils, and others;

Hastings River, Beckler ; Newcastle, Leichhardt. i

17. T. dichotomus, R. Br. Prod. 284.—Rhizome thiek, horizontal |

when old, with fibrous roots without tubers. Radieal lentos few, short, |

or very flexuose and repeatedly forked so as to be as intricate as in I

T. Patersoni, rarely almost twining, when much branched the lower f

branches without flowers, and all leafless except the very small n:

terminal, reduced to 1 or 2 or si 9 flowers, the braets very small, i

long, often very deeply coloured in ihe dry state. Stam mens 6, the anthers

of the 3 longer ones usually ending in long beaks.—Baker in Journ.

Linn. Soc. xv. 339; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 69; Ornithog galum dichotomum,

Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 88, t. 109; Th ysanotus divaricatus, R. Br. -

Prod. 284; T. sparteus, He Br, l. c. 283 ; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 97;

Baker in Journ . Linn. Soc. xv. 888; T. i intricatus, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii.

97; Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 4; T. anceps, Endl. l.c. not of Lindl.; T. Lind- |

leyanus, Endl. l.e

Victoria. cums River, Robertson, F. Muelle

tralia.

S. Aus St. Vincent’s Gulf and pepan Island, F. Mueller ; Port Lin-

coln, Wilhelmi.

W. Australia. pig George's Soia, Labillardiér ne R. Brown, and many others,

and thence to Swan and Murchison Rivers, Drummond, n. 19,, 312, Oldfield, Preiss,

n. ua [Mes 1565, 1569, Mida others; eastward to Cape Le egrand and Esperance o"

Mazwe

This species is so variable in habit that. , Seeing only the extremes, it is difficult to

believe that they ought - be considered as varieties only, but with the large herbaria

of Kew and of F. Muell

little-branched habit ond of T. resi e the very intricate and flexuose Mem

mous specimens with the aspect almos some forms of 7. Patersoni, that I we |

i Labi

unable to draw any definite lines of Mepitétiak mar arietie

ic is € much branched, and the leaves M represented as incar and

hispid as well wm m of the stem, but I pei n only a v few

q e ter In m ens the leaves have quite de

a dan dien pak a is glabrous. d. de deformis R. Br. has the

ee not numerous, very flexuose and ent, with but few edo

ost

flexuos - Br. l. c. 284, is a dwarf and very intricately-branched form. f

petis and T. gracilis, R, Br. l. c. 283, appear to me both to be very slender and

elongated states of the species, although Baker retains them istinct under

the latter t Of T. tenuis, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 50, we have o specimen

from the figure it may possibly be a reduced form of 7. dichotomus, of which it has

the short pedicels and other characters, egdi grege appear to be different.

Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. eres the same as 7, tenellus, End, —

above, p. 40, S

Thysanotus. | CXXVII. LILIACEA. 45

18. T. arbuscula, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 889.—Rhizome

thick, horizontal, almost fleshy, with fibrous roots without tubers.

Leaves few, short, and dying off early. Stems rather slender but rigid,

erect, about 1 ft. high, simple and flexuose in the A er half, dichoto-

mously paniculate in the er part; some of the s quite barren

with the branchlets very numerous and short, the ier stems taller

with the branchlets longer and less numerous. Umbels and flowers of

. dichotomus, to which species this one also might be referrible, pen

the contrast of the barren and flowering stems give it a peculiar aspect.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll.

19. T. anceps, Lindl. sean Riv. App. 58, not of Endl.—Root and

leaves unknown. Stems erect, leafless, rigid, branching, 1 to 14 ft.

high, the s flattened p. bordered on each side by an acute edge

or narrow wing, giving the whole branch a width of 1 to 2 lines.

Umbels 2- or 8-flowered, gend solitary at the ends of the branches.

Mines Short. Perianth about i in. Eg ng, the outer segments very

w.—Baker in Journ. Linn. gr 9.

W. Australia. Swan River, enis 1st coll.

24, HODGSONIOLA, F. Muell.

(Hodgsonia, F. Muell., not of Hook. f.)

a Rost Abroad Leaves few, radical, Tu tories Stem

rudi, simple, ending in a simple raceme. , Podioels filiform, each

within a short linear or estes scarious bra

The genus is limited to the single Australian species.

l. H. junciformis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 176.—Leaves few, radical,

slender, and rush-like, 8 to 6 in. long, shortly dilated and sheathing at

€ base, a few of the outer sheaths without any blade. Stems slender,

i dis 2 ft. ae entirely leafless or with a single searious scale below the

46 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Hodgsoniola.

obtuse, rather more than 2 lines broad.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. xv

289; Hodgsonia junciformis, F. Muell. Fragm. ii. 96.

W. Australia. Vasse River, Oldfield, Preiss, and probably from the same neigh-

bourhood, Drummond, n. 205.

25. CZESIA, R. Br.

Besides the Australian species, which are all endemic and possibly varieties of à

single one, there are several ican ones.

Perianth-segments 3 to 4 lines

broad, not surrounded by filaments . 1. C. vittata.

; 3 a ne se eS VS parvuli

s rigid, with 3 to 5 very prominent nerves on each

BEES Pati visi pote A 3. C. rigidifolia.

Perianth-segments under 3 lines long. Leaves very narrow,

surrounded at the base by long filaments, the remains of

eddie. 5. c. Rin ut ee 4. C. setifera.

1. C. vittata, R. Br. Prod. 277.—Fibres more or less thickened into

long tubers. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem, with more or less

Scarious sheaths an grass-like blades, very variable in length and

breadth, but mostly shorter than the stem, a few much smaller at the

base of the branches. Stem erect, simple, or with a few long branches,

usually about 1 ft. high, but sometimes not half that length, and some-

zer, the inflorescence occupying more than the upper half.

Umbels or clusters of 2 to 4 or rarely more flowers, sessile along ux

s a

TO ES UNCTUS

——— —H E A

PE SN RR En STIS EFT SEES Ee hat RA RETIRE pA UU DSO EE HIRE Pm

Cena. | CXXVII. LILIACER. 47

— xv. 958; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 58; F. Muell. Fragm.

vii. 68.

"ako Herbert Creek, Bowman; Warwick, Beck

es. Port i eii to the Blue Mountains, 2. aros wn, A. Cunningham,

Woolls, and oracle northward to New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings River, Beckler ;

Ri ee with Fawee ott ; c ds to Illawarra, A. Oighe.

Vi rendu Vale, Robertson ; from Port Phillip and the Yarra to Wimmera,

F. Melor r and others.

Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; poa in grassy places, especially in

the northern ids x the island, Gunn and other

t. Vincent UR F Mueller d others; Encounter Bay, Whit-

taker ; Yorke ] Pini Fowle

Var. chlorantha. “Pavan white with a DE centre. C. chlorantha,

F. Muell. Fragm. i. 63; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 359.

N. Aus OU Sturt s Creek, F. Mee

Queensland. Peak Downs, F. Mue

2. C. parviflora, R. Br. Prod. 277.—Closely allied in every respect

to C. vittata, and scarcely more slender or with narrower leaves, but

both the flowers and fruits much smaller, ne perianth-segments under

8 lines long.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 858; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.

u. 53; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 67; C. Gods R. Br. Prod. 277;

Endl. in. Pl. Preiss. ii. 33; B aker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 358 ;

C. micrantha, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 57; Endl. 1. e. 84.

Queensland. ndn Bay, Herb. F. Mueller; Burnet River, Daly; Rock-

Mie incu ? Bowma

N. ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls, and others;

northward to New England, C. Stuart; Clarence River, Wilcox ; Richmond River,

wee

Victoria. Yarra and Port Phillip, F. Mue

T Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; sr coasts of the colony at George-

town, Launceston, etc., Gunn and others

Ww. Australia. King Geor

g und, R. Brown and many others; and thence to

Vasse and Swan Rivers, Drummond, n. iie: , Old fie eld, Preiss, n. 1546, 1547, 1548, and

sioner Ap pparently common ánd n tinguisha able from the ered

"esa rn plant, and perhaps the only € in West Australia, although one specimen

Ü m Champion Bay, Miss Guerin, has the flowers almost.as large as in the common

3. idifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. x. 48.—Very nearly allied to

is pert but at once known by the lower leaves 9 i s to 1 ft. on

Very rigid, 1 to 14 lines broad, tapering to a sharp point, with 8 to 5

Very ee obtuse longitudinal Side or ribs on Hi side. Panicle

wers apparently the same C. parviflora, but the flowers

in bad only, and in that state med 3 lines long.

S. Australia, Vi , Central Australia, Young, a single in

si F. Mueller. F. Mule descen the perianth-segmen: e as in ‘twisted

the flowering, Poe te on the pedicel, which -—— not shown on

Specimen, which is “ay in young bud.

4. C. setifera, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 859.—Fibres thickened

48 CXXVII. LILIACEX. [ Cesta,

into spindle-shaped tubers. Tufts of leaves surrounded by long filaments, |

the remains of old leaf-sheaths. Leaves ve rrow and shorter than |

in C. parviflora, ms simple or branched, slender, attaining 1 ft. or -

te |

more. Flowers and all other characters precisely those of C. parviflora. _

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 638. |

26. CHAMJESCILLA, F. Muell.

Perianth spirally twisted over the ovary after flowering but at length |

deciduous, of 6 oblong spreading 8-nerved nearly equal segments. -

crustaceous, smooth and shining. Glabrous perennials, with fibrous

roots often thickened into tubers. Leaves radical, grass-like. Sea

eafless, bearing a dichotomous corymb or thyrsoid panicle of blue

flowers. Pedicels solitary within searious bracts.

The genus is limited to Australia, showing the perianth of Cesia, with the fruit and

seeds of Chlorophyton.

Inflorescence loosely corymbose. Perianth about 4 lines long 1. C. corymbosa.

orescence compact, almost thyrsoid. Perianth about 5 lines La

NES ae o o xA xL. T 2. C. spiralis.

iole ; which 1s

again shortly dilated at the base into a scarious sheath. Scapes varying

fr with only 1 or 2 flowers, to above 6 in. and bearing à

s i ; Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 360;

C. versicolor, Lindl. Swan Riy. App. 57; Endl. in PI. Preiss. ii. 84.

i bi es throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Hound St. Vincent's and Spencer’s Gulfs, F. Mueller and others.

W.A ia. King George's Menzies; and thence to Swan River,

Drummond, lst coll. and n. 804, Oldfield, Preiss, n. 1545, and others.

2. C. spiralis, F. Muell. Fragm, vii. 68.— Very near the C. corym- -

bosa, and perhaps a variety only. Radical leaves not numerous, often

Chamescilla.] CXXVII. LILIACES. 49

surrounded by long filaments the remains of old leaf-sheaths, linear or

almost linear-spathulate, 1 to 2 in. long in our specimens, contracted

into a petiole, with scarious sheathing bases at least 1 in. long. Scapes

under 1 ft. high, straight or flexuose, terminating in a small paniele

much more compaet and thyrsoid than in C. co? dg the lower branches

bearing 2 or 8 flowers, the uppermost only single ones. Pedicels

filiform Perianth. -segments about 5 lines long. Aution shortly oblong,

recurved affer shedding the pollen. Ovules rather numerous in each

cell. Capsule not seen ripe, but apparently smaller than in C. corymbosa,

with seeds similarly flattened.—Cesia spiralis, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 84 ;

Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 8

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 805; pin Royal Harbour, Preiss, ». 1543

Stirling Range, F. Mueller ; Bremer r Bay, Max

Cesia paradoxa, Endl. i dE Preiss. ii. 34 ; = i er in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 361,

may be a starved specimen of the same species, and at any ds is not otherwise

determina ble.

27, CORY NOTHECA, F. Muell.

Perianth spirally twisted over the ovary after flowering but at length

deciduous, of 6 spreading apr ie all nearly equal in length, the inner

ones rather broader. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the perianth

and shorter than the rage the 3 opposite the inner segments longer

e 3 others; filaments filiform, glabrous ; anthers ovate or oblong,

usually shorter than the filaments, the cells opening inwards in longi-

tudinal slits. Ovary 8-celled, with 2 or sometimes only 1 ovule in each

cell, and all except 1 constantly rod i ps filiform, with a terminal

erect or pendulous, the funicle io) ptm into a black b trophiole ; H

te ta black, crustaceous, minutely granulated but often shining.—Slender

rigid much- branched herbs, eas except a few radical narrow leaves

early harm d away, and searious scales under the branches. Flowers

minute, so ree or rarely 2 jie i within minute bracts along the

smaller brane

The genus is TA to Australia.

Branches el r clustered 2

Perm ve See divaricate, dichotomous, o a E

Branches einem floxuose, 0 or very ' intricately dichotomous z C. dichotoma.

t, with. n umerous short ves acerose n

forked vue hea hos . V E ^w 4.» - "0. UM S O

l. C. lateriflora, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 68.— s rigid but

thick, with numerous branches, cose n or det 2 or 8 ape,

i ry

minute scarious bract. Perianth 1j to nearly 2 lines

.Mo.Bot. Garden,

1902.

50 CXXVII. LILIACEA. [Corynotheca.

long. Anthers oblong but usually shorter than the filament. Fruit an

obovoid nutlet, little more than 1 line long, the abortive cells forming 4

protuberance along one side.—Cesia lateriflora, R. Br. Prod. 277 ;

in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 360.

N. Australia. Islands of the een of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; shores of the gulf,

F. Mueller ; Curlew River, N.W. coast, A. Cunningham.

. S. Wales. i. the interior, Pese sand ridges on the Murray, near Mount

Dispersion, F. Muelle

tralia. Randy shores of Murchison River, Oldfield.

2. C. dichotoma, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 68.—Stems rigid, filiform

rather stout, very much branched, the flexuose or dichotomous brand]

often very intricate. Leaves not seen, the scales under the branches

very or none. Flowers distant along the straighter filiform

branchlets or more frequently at the outer angle of the zigzag flexuose

branches. Perianth rather above 1 li g, on a shorter pedicel

rather e stipes.—Casia dichotoma, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 215; Baker

in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 860; As sparagus micranthus, Lindl. Swan. Riv.

p 2 Wkcbnatis icrantkus, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 36 ; Anthericum

flezuosum, R. Br. Herb.

W. Austr oubtful Island Bay, R. Brown; Swan River, Drummond, ls

coll., Preiss, n. 1566 and 1576, and others; Blackwood River, Forrest and others;

Murchison River, Oldfield.

9. C. acanthoclada, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 68.—Stems slender but

rigid, io orming dense erect tufts of 6 in. to 1 ft., with numerous short

those on the stem all reduced to small scarious scales. Flowers few Ws

ug Seed rather Pg distinetly reos than

in C, lateriflora.—Casia acanthoclada, F. ll. Fragm. i. 215 ; Baker in

Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 360.

W. Australia. Limestone Hills, Murchison River, Oldfield,

28, TRICORYNE, R. Br.

Perianth spirally twisted over the aft at len

de idnons, of 6 narrow 9- or basen Lorey er Pewomg but gth

inner o: wen

anther ; anthers narrow-oblong, , erect, emar

, ginate at the base, th

opening inwards in longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, deeply 8-lobed and

Tricoryne.] CXXVII LILIACEA. 51

9-celled, with 2 erect ovules in each cell or lobe; style filiform, un-

livided. oy =n to the base into 3 (reduced sometimes by abor-

tion to 2 or 1) 1-seeded indehiscent nutlets, dry or slightly fleshy,

strongly reticulate or ribbed. Seed black with a crustaceous testa and

shy albumen.—Perennials with fibrous roots. Stems usually wiry

and branching, the branches often clustered. Leaves few and grass-like,

or all reduced to scarious scales; more rarely small and more leafy

plants. ace} in terminal umbels with small imbricate scarious bracts,

of which one or two outer empty ones often elongated or leaf-like.

The genus is limited to Sota:

Stems wiry or rush-like, branch without vno ey except

a few at the base, iesu 1 to 2 ft. hig

or fewer in the umbel or minal more.

Stems bordered by narrow l. T. platyptera.

Stems usually with clu à en gre ofa deeply striate,

acutely iy inten o slightly flattened.

Quite glabro rie Mea 2. T. anceps.

Stem and sii pid . 3. T. muricata.

. Stems less serrer bant or slightly striate... 4, T. elatior.

Stems simple, under 1 ft., with a single many-flowered um-

, bel, and Py ial long radical leaves. Eastern species 5. T. simplex.

rate ae 6 in., branched and leafy, with several veg

owered umbels, Western specie 6. T. humilis. —

l. T. platyptera, Reich). J. Beitr. Syst. Pfllanzenk. 72.—Very near

T. i and more deserving of that name, but as far as the specimens

Show apparently distinct. Stems from a shortly creeping base erect or

" arl ft. hi

ascending, sparingly branched, X r anches

flattened with the margins more or less winged, the total br >

ing from 1 to 8 line eaves very fe e of stem and

reduced to very small scales. Umbels of several, often more than 6,

flowers, Perianth-segments 4 to 5 lines long, the pedicels nearly as

long. Bracts under the pedicels all very small. Nutlets m

ovoid, nearly two lines long, strongly ribbed when dry, contracted at

ase tee} a short thick stipes.—T'. pterocaulon, Baker in Journ. Linn.

E Sandy shores, Cape'York, Veiteh, Daemel ; Fitzroy Island, Walter ;

Dunk Island, M'Gillivray ; Clovelund Bay, B wman ; Port Denison, Hecate Ezpe-

reese ; gathered also in Hann’s Expedition, kid. by Frau Dietrich. I have not cae

" Specimens, but Reichenbach's character is quite sufficient to identify the

T R. Br. Prod. 278.—Stems erect, slender but rigid and

vary much branched, the branches often densely clustered, the pea

en aa aly striate, but terete or slightly compressed, the num

r ones flattened or acutely 3- or 4-a not distinetly

vinged. Leaves in all th imens seen ce 8 scales

sable: f 810 6 flowers, with very s racts. Perianth-segmen

small b nents

Bleroe lines long, the pedicels shorter. Nutlets as large as in T.

. — but smooth.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 363. ae

52 CXXVIL LILIACER. [Tricoryne.

Queensland. Sandy mower Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunning-

ham ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy

9. T. muricata, Baker in Journ. Linn, Soc. xv. 863.—Stems erect,

, With numerous slender strongly striate or angular branches as in

T. anceps, but the angles hispid with small rigid transparent hairs

Leaves reduced to scales, bows and flowers of T. anceps, of which this

may prove to be a hispid va

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidweil.

4. T. elatior, R. Br. pes 278.—Stems from a perennial sometimes

thick and woody rhizome erect or ascending, more or less branched,

often under 1 ft. but daoiiie above 2 feet high, the branches few or

numerous, but rarely more than 8 in a cluster, slender or even filiform

especially in the western gre striate but less so than in T. anceps.

ower leaves often grass-like, 2 to 4 in. long, the upper ones and some-

times all reduced to short scales. Umbels usually 8- or 4-flowered in

the eastern specimens, with 6 or more flowers in most of the western

ones, the scarious bracts usually prominent and 1 or 2 outer ones often

produced into subulate points of 8 or 4 lines. Perianth very variable in

size, but usually about 4 lines long. Nutlets smaller than in T. anceps.—

Baker in Sore Linn. Soe. xv. 862; Bauer, Illustr. Pl. Nov. Holl. t. 11;

Endl. Iconogr. t. 61; Endl. in Pl. Preise ii. 835; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii.

55; T. anceps, Endl. l.c. 86, not of R. Br,

ui land. Moreton Island, M:Gillivray, Eaves; Condamine River, Leich-

hardt ; phys Downs, F. Mueller ; Armidale, Perrott ; Rockhampton, O Shanesy ; Port

Curtis, livray.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others; north-

New land, C. Stuart ; Hastings River, Beckler r; southward to Illawarra,

= Dminghan ; and in the interior, Darling River to Cooper's Creek, Victorian and

«pea

ommon on the Glenelg, the Yarra, etc., and in the Grampians, Robert-

son, F. Mueller, and others

Tasmania. kits

Esk River, co and others; VE. wes In these

Tasmanian specimens the flowers e usually dics a de in the bels than

in those from N.S N. S. "Wales, less io ina he the

Waien St. Vincent's Gulf, F. alr oa sr ste" Port Lincoln, R. Brows

mi.

vig a 8 es Be B. Br own, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller, and

thers ers; and thence to y dos Rivers, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1715 and

2227, Oldfield and others ; iiw. to ei mik Ana Max

T. scabra, R. Br. Prod. 218, om Keppel Bay, a rs

T. _ elatior, a bus with a few Ham nto hairs sea ca an

a common form of

scattered on the fee part of the stem, very

ie, E. Bel e. fiie in Jour . Linn. Soc. xv. 362, from Port Lincoln, i$ #

very ended dwarf branching hen, wi which I cannot otherwise distin distinguish from T.

latior,

5. T. simplex, R. Br. Prod. 278.— Stems simple or very inb di once-

ed. 6 in. to 1 ft. high, with a few grass-like leaves sometimes 3$

long as the stem. Umbel soli

very numerous flowers

(usually above 20), the pedicels longer than the petianth. Bracts all

Tricoryne,] CXXVII. LILIACER, 53

searious or rarely 1 or 2 outer ones with fine points. Perianth-segments

about 5 lines long.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 86

"um Moreton Bay, Herb. F. Mueller (collector not named).

f - Port Jackson, R. Brown, Vicary, J. D. Hooker, United States

Jong ipid lion.

6. T. humilis, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 86.—Stems under 6 in. high,

shortly ‘branched and very leafy above the base, the grass-like leaves

rather broad, and many of them exceeding the flowers. Umbels termi-

nating axillary branehes shorter than the leaves, and all many-flowered ;

2 or 8 of the outer bracts leaf-like and as long as or longer than the

flowers. Perianth-segments about : lines long, the filiform pedicels

Moa — Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 362.

ustralia. Hay District, vite n. 1605; sands of Vasse River, Oldfield ;

Lake Muir, Muir

29. STYPANDRA, R. Br.

Perianth withering after flowering but not twisted, and at length

deciduous, of 6 spreading segments usually 5-nerved, all equal and entire

the inner ones broader. Stamens 6, hypogynous, much shorter than

the perianth ; filaments either filiform ‘and flexuose at the base with a

dense woolly tuft under the anther, or shortly tomentose-woolly from

the base; anthers oblong, very much rolled back after shedding the

pollen, Ovary sessile, 3-celled, with several ovules in dd cell; style

(3 to 6) in each cell, ovate, more or less flattened, with a black smooth

crustaceous testa, opaque or siu Deren eld with fibrous roots.

Stems erect or ascending, simple below the infloreseence or branched and

sometimes woody at the base. Leaves either all radieal or distichously

nc um. on the stem. Flowers blue, in a very loose terminal dichotomous

Cyme. Pedicels filiform, often 2 or 8 together and terminal or solitary

along e bran P Braets minute or none, or the lower ones leaf-like

in the leafy specie

The genus is pem to Australia.

Stems leafy to the RUN often branched at the base

and sometimes woody l. S. glauca.

Stems s lees except at the base. Leaves linear, i in ` dense

Leaves Sis rigid, 14 to 3 eee broad. poves blue or :

llowish, very rarely 2. S. cespitosa.

Leaves slender, 1 to 3 Bad or r rarely broader. ' Flowers

usually white $0. 0. 58. 8. umbellata.

l. S. glauca, R. Br. Prod. 279.—A leafy perennial with stems on a

creeping rhizome sometimes low and tufted, or weak and ascending,

under 1 ft. high, sometimes 2 or 3 ft. high, woody and branched at the

base. Leaves distichons, the sheaths usually concealing the stem, some-

what flattened ed with an acute keel, or almost terete, the blade erect or

2. S. cespitosa

. rhizome erect, 1 to 2 feet high, sim

54 CXXVII. LILIACEJA. [Stypandra.

spreading, linear or lanceolate, usually 8 to 4 in. long, but sometimes

twice that length and varying from 2 £o 4 lines in breadth. Flowers in

lowest. Perianth blue, often turning

acute, 5-nerved, about 6 lines long

Capsule oblong, 3 to

4 lines long. Seeds several in each cell, rather less flattened than in

ot shining.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. xv.

356; F. Muell, Fragm. vii. 64; S. propinqua, A. Cunn. in Bot. Mag.

i. 7; S. frutescens, Knowl. an Weste. Fl. Cab. ii. 61, 69, t. 68; S.

virgata, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 95.

Queensland. Darling Downs, Zaw.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 202, and

others; in the interior to Lachlan River, A. Cunningham ; Liverpool Plains, C.

Moore; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. From the Grampians, Withelmi, F. Mueller, and others; to Eastern

Gipps’ Land, Waiter.

- Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others; to Swan and Mur-

chison Rivers, Drummond, O

2 18 a variety or perhaps only an old

state with very numerous short lateral branches ly tufte

S. imbricata, R. Br. Prod. 279, i

crowded leaves,

m Ing George's Sound and Lucky Bay, R.

Brown and others ; and eastward to Cape Le i i

which however passes gradually i

» Fi. Br. Prod. 279.—Stems from a thick horizontal

t ple below the inflorescence. Leaves

mostly radical, with very short distichous sheaths, erect, rigid, 6 in. to

, , Smoo

hi in Journ. Linn, Soc, . 855; . f. Fl, .ii. 55;

EE ie i : €. XY Hook. f. Fl, Tasm. ii. 55;

Spats we Cure RENTS

Stypandra.] CXXVII. LILIACER. 55

N. S. es. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 201, A.

Cori ain and others; northward to New England, C. Stuart ; Newca astle, Leich-

hardt ; Mount Mitchell, Beckler ; in the S.W. int erior, Fraser, M*Arthu

ictoria. From Dandenong and the Upper Yarra to Gipps’ ui: F. Mueller

and others.

Tasmania. Near Georgetown, abundant, Gunn.

umbellata, R. Br. Prod. d — Very near S. cespitosa, and

ekka by F. Mueller (Fragm. v i. 65) as a variety only, smaller in

every respect and very densely rar Radical leaves numerous, mostl

5 to 8 in. long and only 1 to 2 lines broad, not so rigid as in S. cæspitosa.

Stems including the inflorescence 8 to 10 in. high, the inflorescence mue

less branched than in that species, and often reduced to a single umbel

of 210 4 flowers on a simple scape. Perianth-segments about 5 lines

long, white or yellowish. Capsule and seeds of S. cæspitosa.—Baker in

Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 856; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 55.

Tod, S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 200, and

others,

p Victoria. Wendu Vale, Robertson; Mount William, Wilhelmi ; Latrobe River;

Tasmania. Abundant in sandy soil throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

Var. Fraseri, Baker. uo and scapes filiform. inire: m the perianth-

segments tel and only 3 to 4 lines long. Flowers pure w

- Wales. Peat sible near Sydney, rare, Fraser, also fahat probably in

the intérior eer Mitchel i.

30. ARTHROPODIUM, R. Br.

erianth persistent but not twisted, of 6 spreading segments, nearly

equal in length, but the inner ones broader, and often erisped or shortly

fringed on the edges. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the segments

or almost hypogynous, shorter than the perianth; filaments shortly

filiform » With a dense tuft of lars hairs or a papillose appendage in

their upper part or occupying nearly the whole filament; anthers

the testa smooth or minutel not s g.—Tufted peren-

mals, with the fibres often Bikandi. Mis ry bers. Leaves radical

crowded at the base of the stem, linear and grass-like, with scarious

sheathing bases, Stems simple or with few elongated branches, leafless

ls with only 1 or 9 short distant leaves below the inflorescence. Flowers

90sely racemose, the filiform pedicels solitary or few together within a

Scariose bract, and when several accompanied by very small bracteoles

act.

Within the br

Besides the Australian ies, essy are all endemic, there are two from New

Zealand, and one New ird

56 CXXVIT. LILIACER. [ Arthropodium.

` Anthers shorter than the filaments, recurved after used

ding en; filaments with woolly-hairy ap

Flowers usually 2 or 3 to each bract. Filaments woolly- i

airy only above the middle 1. A. paniculatum.

Flowers usually solitary, p Filaments shortly woolly- ;

ai m near the 2. A. minus.

Anthers as long as or lo chic than the €: not re-

curved ; nete pe ponilla or very short

appendag Western spec

TES Enen div ricately bribihodi Perianth 3 to 4 dE

lines lo: 3. A. capillipes.

C Tanninen simple. or with few long branches. Pori-

anth a 5 lines lon

grass-like, 1} to 2 lines broad. Western 2

sp 4. A, Preissii.

Ladin dto or if flat i line broad. Eastern

SONNO Uu e eoe E Eme i 5. A. dianellaceum,

. A. paniculatum, R. Br. Prod. 276. (bros roots thickened into

ind but only at a distance from the stock. Stems erect, 1 to 2 feet

high, usually divided above the middle into a few long slender apron

ok branches. Leaves narrow, crowded at the base of the stems,

3 in. to nearly 1 foot long, with broad scarious sheathing

bases, ‘na occasionally a smaller leaf on the stem below the inflorescence.

Flowers white or purplish, 2 to 4 together along the branches on filiform

; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 66; Anthericum paniculatum, Andr.

Bot. Rep. t. 895 ; Phalangium paniculatum, Poir. Dict. Suppl. iv. 383 ;

Aui milleflorum, Red. 58; Phatangion pendulum, a

Bot. Mag. t. Ha, Endl. leonogr. t. 98; Antheric

; Willd. Hort. Berol. sti; Ariiropodiun

m, DC. ; Kunth, Mk i iv. v. 620, Baker in Journ n.

359; ry minus, Lindl. Bot. Re eg. t. 866 ; A. Lindleyi, Kanth, 16. Gal.

vun s and

mae pu meg to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls,

Victoria. Peal ih inc Rees Yarra to Gipps Land, F. Mueller, Walter, and

at im e Port Dalyrmple, R. Brown ; abundant thronghout the island, J. D.

S. Australia. Mount Gambier, F. Mueller and others.

Redouté’s figure of his Phalangium dtu differs from all the Hec I have

em inclu puse since cultivated Paris s uice under his nam having

the inner segments not broader bec the pulsi & What M estis considered

as "his plant only differs from the typical 4. ‘penal’ in the shorter pedicels

minus, R. Br. Prod. 276.—Roots a fascicle of oblong tubers

ender, from under 6 in, to 1 ft. or rather

2. A. min

close to the stock, Stems gl

Arthropodiun,} OXXVII. LILIACER. 57

than the stem, varying from 1 to 8 lines broa d. Flowers solitar y within

each bract or very rarely 2 together, usually smaller pe in ani-

culatum, the perianth-segments 23 to 3 lines long. Filaments longer

their length. —Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe. xv. 858; Hook.

Tasm. ii. 51.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others; New England, C. Stuart ;

Nangas, AM Arthur.

Victoria. From the er lg and Port Phillip to the Grampians, Robertson, F.

roa and thany rie ers; Wimmera, Daillachy.

ania. Rich pasture ih i in the northern parts of the island, Gunn.

- A. capillipes, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 34.—Roots apparently all

fibrous and not thickened intr tubers. Radical leaves narrow but mostly

ithered away from the flowering specimens. Stems 1 to 2 ft. high,

divaricately branched, with occasionally a filiform leaf under the lowest

branches, Pedicels solitary within each bract, filiform, divarieate, 1 in.

ong or more. Perianth-segments 8 to 4 lines long. Filaments with

way down

the anther and ending in 2 short lobes, thus connecting this species

with the genus Dichopogon.

W. Australia. Swan Ri iver, Preiss, n. 1555, and apparently also an imperfect

specimen, Dr ummond ; ok Gregory, Oldfield ; south ¢ oe Maxwell, Miss Sewell.

in Journ - xv. 353, refers this to the eastern A. JT from

which it appears to me ert diffe er in the roots, inforcsenco, sail ae sta:

4. A. Preissii,

without tubers. Radical leaves cue tufted, grass-like, mostly 14 to

2 lines broad, surrounded by numerous filaments the residue of old leaf-

sheaths, Stems 1 to 2 ft. h high, with a few long branches or sometimes

quite simple. Pedicels solitary or 2 or 8 together within each bract, 4

to 1 in. long, u qued reflexed, the bracts very small. Peri cinsthoangibentn

narrow, about 5 lines long. Filaments thickened and papillose in the

Upper half but istealy hairy ; anthers linear, as long as or lo ned than

the = Capsule recurved.—Baker in Journ. Linn. Soe v. 958.

ummond, n. 806; Port Q: ;

onus e NERTQII ne XU i "Salk iver,” Piens di. denn

9. A. dianellace eum, F. Muell. Fragm. x. 65.—Fibrous es more

or less thickened into tubers. Radical leaves few, subulate or when flat

20t above 4 line br oad, very shortly dilated into sheaths and o split

into laments, Stems very slender, 1 to 13 feet high, with few filiform

Brisbane River, Bailey.

58 CXXVII. LILIACER.

31. DICHOPOGON, Kunth.

Perianth persistent but not twisted, of 6 spreading segments, nearly

equal in length, but the inner ones much broader and sometimes slightly

erisped or fringed on the edges. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the

perianth or almost hypogynous, shorter than the segments; filaments

short, flattened at the base, not bearded; anthers longer, erect, linear,

(and sometimes shortly adnate to it ?); the cells opening inwards in

longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, 8-celled, with several ovules in each

ell superposed in 2 rows; style filiform, with a terminal stigma.

Capsule globular, 3-valved. Seeds several, angular, black, the testa

The genus is limited to Australia. It was formerly included in Arthropodium, and

may perhaps still be considered as a section only, distinguished by Kunth as having

the appendages to the stamens attached to the anthers and not to the filament.

Capsules erect, Anther-appendages very short. . . . . 1. D. strictus.

Capsules reflexed. Anther-appendages rather log. . . . 2. D. Sieberianus.

Flowers solitary or in clusters of 2 or 9 within each braet, and when

more than one accompanied by small bracteoles within the braet, the

clusters distant along the rhachis. Pedicels erect spreading or recurved,

Sieb. ; Dichopogon humilis, Kunth, Enum. iv. 623, and probably also

D. setosus, Kunth, 1. e. 624; D. undulatum, Beg. Gartenfl. ii. 1, £. 87

ae pelles ce Bay, Fitzalan; Darling Downs, Leichhardt; Rock-

b Paramatta, Woolls; Bath 5 i T

M*Arthur; Goyinga Mountains, Victorian roe ia A. Cunningham; Nangas,

m the Glenelg River and P :ln ta ndi

F. Mueller, and many others. s ort Phillip to the Murray, Robertson,

Dichopogon.] CXXVII. LILIACEA. 59

Tasmania. x Dalyrmple, R. Brown ; abundant in good soil throughout the

"nb J. D. Hoo

2 ustr d" hend St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller ; Yorke Peninsula,

This s species varies very much in stature, in ag size and shape of the scarious

bracts, in the flowers all solitary or "all in clusters of 2 or 3, erect or pendulous, in

the size of the perianth and length of the pedicels, but I have been AM d sort

into distinct varieties the very numerous specimens I have had before me.

2. Sieberianus, Kunth, Hinge: iv. 623.—Habit of the slender

Tied pene specimens of D. strict Stems mostly about 1 ft. high,

simple or slightly branched. yid 8 So nar lowers in clusters

base. Appendages to the base of the anthers rather lo ong and almost

adnate to the filament. Capsules always reflexed.— Arthropodium lacum,

Sieb. in Rem. et Schult. Syst. vii. 441.

S. Wales. Port Jackson or Blue Mountains, Sieber, n. 194, Presa New

Pide C. Stuart ; Head of the Gwydir, Leichhardt; Richmond, Backhouse

Wendu Vale, Robertson

S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf and Murray Desert, F. Mueller.

Arthropodium fimbr pesce d Br. Prod. 276, of which no specimen is pre-

served in his herbarium, is probably this prp and possibly also the pent raised

y Salisbury, for which he ake iw 67) the generic name Sion

in Journ. Linn. Soc 9, distinguished the two species 4n Dike

th since seen show sid pe er i d characters are at all co t, and

= nat R. Brown had in vie me to be Te ferable to the common form,

and not to the closely allied Do pana by Sieb

32, CHLOROPHYTON, Ker.

Perianth persistent, not twisted, of 6 distinct oblong or narrow 8-, 5-,

: T- Se ada dnd the inner ones usually rather broader. Stamen 8 6,

Es inwards in longitudinal slits. Ovary sessile, 3-celled, with

Heel p to 20) ovules in each cell superposed in 2 rows or v

re or less

|; testa black, a Mine Peale with sno ye

: ened into tubers. Leaves grass-like, radical or erowded a

of the stem. Scapes simple or w alightiy braaa i pela

Be or 2 or 3 together —— searious bracts, tha elusters sessile

Scape in a terminal raceme,

60 CXXVIT. LILTACER. [ Chlorophyton.

"There are a considerable number of species spread over the warmer regions of

Asia and Africa. Of the two Australian ones, one has a wide range in tropical Asia,

the other is endemic and extra

Ovules usually more than 2 in each cell. _Fruiting opes

longer than the ipei. Tropical species . 1. C. laxum.

Ovules 2 in each cell. nidro IEA shorter than the cap-

ul asmanian species . . - 2. C. alpinum.

1. C. laxum, KR. Br. Prod. 277.—Root fibres more or less

thickened into tubers. Leaves varying from a = long or even more

, trun-

cate at the top, with 2 to 6 Base in each lobe or cell. —Baker in J pé

. Boe. xv. 328, with th re adduced ; C. x

tinum, F. Mu ell. Fragm. i . 63 9; Phalangium vt m Wight, p^

t. gd Phalangium larum, F. Muell. Fragm. vii i

Australia. Arnhem S. Bes R. Brown; Sea alt F. Mueller. Widely

ed over tropical Asia and Africa

alpinum, Baker`in Journ. Linn. Soc. xv. 329.—Roots fibrous

without tubers in the specimens seen, the plant otherwise closely

resembling the small specimens of C. laxum. Scapes simple, 1 to 2 in.

Segments 2 to 2} € long. Capsule as large as in C. laxum, but not

seen ae ripe. Ovules only 2 in each cell in the pde rs pr: ned.

Tasmania. Western COEM yen

33. E OR Hook. f.

Pisis: from below the middle upwards. Stamens 6, attached to the

base of the perianth and shorter than the segments; filaments filiform,

anthers linear, erect, the cells opening inwards in longitudinal slits, Ovary

sessile ~~ neos with several ovules in each cell; style filiform,

with a al stigma. Fruit apparently capsular.—A dwarf stemless

plant vith solitary flowers almost sessile within the tufts of leaves.

The genus is limited to the e single Australian w Zealand.

In habit s ad inflorescence it differs aiba Bom all cher seria en but

might perhaps be compared to Ba.

aNd OTRAS on

Herpolirion.] CXXVIL LILIACEX. 61

l. H. Nove-Zelandie, Hook. J. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 258.—Rhizom

creeping, sending up numerous tufts of linear leaves, 1 to 2 in. long, their

sheathing bases distichous and imbricated. Flowers solitary within the

tuft, on an exceedingly short scape or peduncle, on whieh one or two of

the upper or inner leaves are reduced to sheathing bracts shorter than

the perianth. Perianth white or bluish, the segments 5-nerved, about

3 m. long, Spreading from a little below the middle. Anthers shorter

than the filaments, Shortly sagittate at the base. Fruit unknown, but

from the slightly enlarged ovary probably capsular.—Baker in Journ.

Linn. Soc. xv. 287 ; H. Tasmanie, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 258 and Fl.

Tasm. ii. 54, t. 182

“actoria. Between the Murray and Snowy Rivers and on the Baw Baw Moun-

tains, ascending to 4500 ft., F. Mueller. ;

Summits of the Western Mountains, Lake St. Clair, covering large

patches of ground, Gunn ; Hampshire Hills, Milligan.

94. SOWERBJEA, Sm.

Perianth persistent without twisting, of 6 oblong or ovate segments,

all free or the inner ones shortly connate at the base. Stamens 8 perfect,

Opposite the inner segments at their base, with very short filaments,

anthers erect divided to below the middle into 2 linear lobes opening

laterally in longitudinal slits, the 8 opposite the outer lobes reduced to

short filaments without anthers or entirely wanting. Ova short,

but scarcely crustaceous black testa minutely granulated. Poupo anni,

linear, in the centre of the albumen.—Tufted perennials with fibrous

: m li filiform.

leafless

globular

base of the pedicels.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Perianth-segments about 3 lines long, all free. Staminodia

P without anthers alternating with the perfect stamens.

erianth-segments oval-oblong. Anthers about half their

le Tadenpeena c uoc 7o a TURA EM.

Perianth-se ents narrow-oblong. Anthers reaching to much

Sem above their middle. Western specie et ie pak

‘nianth-segments about 2 lines, the inner ones shortly united

at the base. No staminodia. Northern species . . . .

2. S. laxiflora.

3. S. alliacea.

e S. juncea, Sm, in Trans. Linn. Soc. v. 160, t. 6.—Stems simple,

eder, I to 2 feet high. Leaves at the base of the stem somewhat

bordered at the base and sometimes up to nearly 2 in.

Searions transparent sheathing margins. Umbel many-flowered, the

"übrieate bracts either all very short and scarious or 2 or 8 of the outer

62 CXXVII. LILIACER. [Sowerbaa.

ones of a firmer "posten rather larger and acute. Pedicels at po

seareely exeeeding the bracts, lengthening as the flower expands,

rarely longer than the big d: Perianth pink, the segments Ae

oblong; 8 lines long or rather more, all affixed at about the same level.

Anther- "bearing filaments very short and flattened, alterna ating wi

many nearly similar but without anthers; anthers usually attaining to

about half the perianth, divided almost to their cordate base. Seeds

usually about 8 in the capsule.—R. Br. Prod. 285; Andr. Bot. Rep. t.

81; Bot. Mag. t. 1104; Red. Lil. t. 841.

rc Moreton Island, M*Gillivray, F. Muel

S. Wa

s. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, y^ Brown, Sieber, n. 198, and.

Ly Miat. n. 52. pP Cunningham, and others ; northward to Hastings River, Bechler ;

Ric Axe River, Henderso n.

ria. Gipps Land, Latrobe River, F. Mueller ; Cape Howe, Walter.

2. S. laxiflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 10 mee near S. junced,

with the same habit inflorescence and narrow grass-like leaves. Stems

varying from very slender and under 1 ft. to father stout and 14 or 2 ft.,

and sometimes slightly branched at the base. Leaves crowded at the

asit of > stem but sometimes extending some way hee the sheaths less

prominent than in S. juncea and sometimes not at all searious. Umbels

loose, the filiform pedicels often at length much longer than the perianth.

Perian , the segments about 3 lines long, much narrower than in S.

juncea. Anthers reaching to considerably above the middle of the Dt

alternating with staminodia as in S. juncea.—F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 87.

W. Australia, King tag aid s Sound to Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n.

782, Preiss, n. 1552, F. Muelle ; and many others; Murchison River, Oldfield.

9. S. alliacea, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 180.— Habit and foliage of the

slenderer D: of S. juncea, but with the stem sometimes slightly

branehed a t the base. Inflorescence the same but the flowers much

3 xd Liverpool River, Arnhem's Land, Gulliver.

95. ALANIA, Endl.

Perianth persistent, of 6 equal narrow segments. Stamens 6, hypo-

gynous, nearly as long as the perianth, filaments filiform; anthers

small, ovate, the eells opening inwards by longitudinal slits, Ovary

sessile, ovoid, 3-celled, with few ovules in each cell ; style short, recurved,

the stigma almos t capitate. Capsule globular, opening loculieidally in 3

valves. Seeds few or only one in each cell, oblong, without any strophiole ;

testa crustaceous black smooth and shining.—Perennial with diffuse

— —— —

Alania.] CXXVII. LILIACER. 63

stems, covered by the crowded linear leaves. Flowers in globular umbels

on axillary peduncle

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia.

1. A. Endlicheri, Kunth, Enum. iv. 644.—Stems elongated in some

specimens to above 1 ft., diffuse. Leaves crowded, linear-filiform, acute,

N.S. Wales. Fissures of rocks, Blue Mountains, 4. and R. Cunningham, Miss

Atkinson.

Tre X. Jounsonrex.—Perianth-segments free or united in a tube

at the base. Style filiform with a terminal entire stigma. Stock not

ous. Flowers in dense heads or short spikes, solitary and sessile

or nearly so within imbricate bracts.

96. LAXMANNIA, R. Br.

" outer ones distinct from the base, the 3 inner very shortly united at the

ase or almost free, Stamens 6, shorter than the perianth, 3 opposite

wards almos

stipitate, 3-celled, with 2 to 4 ovules in each cell; style shortly filiform,

with a som i >

£u

i d

i=]

c Co

, wi

out any strophiole.—Perennials with fibrous roots not tuberous. Stems

either sho el i

th ves narrow-linear or subulate, in radical or terminal tufts, dilated at

n into scarious sheathing appendages, which are often produced

x: e top into simple or woolly-ciliate bristles. Flowers white or pink,

th pe or sessile heads, with imbricate scarious bracts,

me cuter bracts empty usually entire and forming an involucre usually

orter then the perianths, the inner ones subtending each flower short

Toy thin and transparent, jagged or fringed on the edge or more fre-

te divided to near the base into woolly hair-like segments, some-

TW described as hairs of the receptacle.

genus is limited to Australia. F. Mueller, Fragm. vii. 88, pro to restore

qe name of Laxmannia to the Composite vem Petrobium, and to I 8 the present

name of Bartlingia, but this disturbance of a long-adopted nomenclature

64 CXXVII. LILIACEA. [ Laamannia.

advan

Stems usually short and tufted. Peduncles very much

longer than the leaves.

Outer phy tour about 3 lines, inner less than half as long

roadly ovate - L. grandiflora.

Oates: p about 2 lines, inner oblong, more than

would appear to me to be productive of much confusion, without any corresponding

tage.

e. bracts ‘few, obian, inner very short, pened

ong hai

im]

. Squarrosa.

Outer 1 bes more 1 _Bumerous, often acuto, inner short

and short ged

Stems slender, edens : 1 branched and leafy. Peduncles

ge i ionge an the

Inner perianth-segments deside than the outer. Eastern

minor.

- » 4. L, gracilis.

Inner E perinihegnent shorter than the outer. ` Wes-

1 . L. ramosa.

Heads -— n peduncles shorter than the leave es.

Stems sender i branched. Leav ually elongated.

-segments ceci Fue or at length

jiker pei than the outer 6. L. sessiliflora.

Stems on A se and densely tufted. "Leaves mostly

Leaves crowded a along the short ste Flower-heads

rather broad, exc cr the e the outer bracts

numerous and obt . L. brachyphylla.

Leaves in terminal tufts 1 longer than the s heads, Outer

racts not numerous and m ostly 8. L. sessilis.

. L. grandiflora, Lindl. wd e App. 56.—Stems tufted when

old densely and shortly branched as in L. squarrosa. Leaves crowded as

in that species but usually more po 1 to 2 in. long, the scarious

sheaths terminating in long fringed bristles. Peduncles 6 to 10 in. long.

Outer empty bracts of the head from 10 to 20, ovate, obtuse, scarious

e 0

broadly obovate, quite closed, about $ lines 1 long. Stamens not exceed-

ing the inner segments. Ovary stipitate.—F, Muell. Fragm. vii. 88

W. Australia. Swan River, d lst coll. and n. 192.

Var. paleacea. This is a dwarf variety with short leaves which almost connects

the e species with L. minor, but it has the numerous obtuse empty bracts and the short

inner rianth-segments of L. grandiflora. —L -sparte Endl. in PL Preiss. it

42, not of Lindl.; Z. paleacea, F. M uell. Fragm. i. en P eed i River, Maxwell;

York District, Preiss, n. 1888; between s Range,

er , with very numerous outer empty bids. s thas ag the ierabaete of

Composite.

L. squarrosa, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 56.—Stems tufted when

ola, densely and shortly branched. Leaves crowded, almost subulate,

ee SI ESO etat

Laxmannia. | OXXVIT. LÍLIACEX. 65

that length.— E. grandiflora, L. acuta, L. pauciflora, and L. sylvestris,

Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 42.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 36, 793, and 794; Preiss,

?. 1586, 1589, 1591, 1592. The Z. pauciflora, Endl. (Preiss, n. 1689), is, however,

included here on the authority of Mr. Baker, who has seen the typical specimen.

have myself examined the others

3. L. minor, R. Br. Prod. 286.—Very nearly allied to L. squarrosa.

Stem short and tufted. Leaf-sheaths more ciliate than in L. squarrosa,

an often rather densely covered with intricate woolly hairs, the blade

2 to $ in. long. Flower-heads on slender peduncles of 2 to 4 in. Outer

bracts very few and much shorter than the perianths, the inner flowering

ones very short and shortly fringed. Perianth often very white, as in

‘grandiflora, about 2 to 23 lines long, the inner segments more than

half as long as the outer.—L. Roei, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. i/42; F. Muell.

Fragm. vii. 88,

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Preiss,

a 1585, Oldfield, F. Mueller, and others. In Brown's specimens the perianth is not

te, but they are evidently starved and faded.

mean ements about 2 lines or at length nearly 3 long, the outer ones

F.M a er tha inner. Ovary contracted into a short stipes.—

Dawson River, F, Mueller; Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy. `

FL ee, Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 169, and

hardt ; Ouro > and many others; northward to New England, C. Stuart, esr

Ward fn [renee River, Beckier, Wilcox; Liverpool Plains, A. Cunningham ; south-

Vin aTa, A. Cunningham. — r : Eg

Victoria, Mount Lizar and M‘Alister River, F. Mueller.

VOL, vy, F

66 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Laxmannia.

Var. S get (?). Searious esting bases of the least larger and more woolly

—L. who Reich Syst. Pflanzenk. 72 (?)—Herbert River,

Queensland, pam '] have abet e EON Dictrich’s : spei described by Reic

enbach , but. Ido sm see any character given to distinguish them specifically from

e L. gracilis, which varia much in the degree of asveletunsatt of the branches,

foliage, and inflorescen

L. ramosa, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 56.—Closely resembles L.

gracilis in its long much-branched slender almost filiform stems with

Jagged, the blade very narrow and rarely 3 in. long. as eni d

sessile within the leafy tufts, the outer scarious bracts very few, entire,

shorter than the perianth, the inner ones under the flower shorter,

ctoria. Glen pele River, Robertson ; Grampians, F. Mueller, Sullivan ; Wilson's

aeda F. Mue

mania. Heaths places ; abundant in some of the northern parts of the island,

J. D. Hooker.

s. Encounter Bay, Whitaker ; Lo Ranges, F. d

. Australia. Swan River, remp ta Ta coll. and n. 795 a en jen, an

Murchison River, Oldfield ; Phillips Kalgan Rivers, Maz:

Decaisne figures the inner naponi of the perianth as poet Woga i xg the

outer, and I poem occasionally found them so. gone cially in Murchison r speci-

mens, but xd are mier st frequently as as decidedly shorter, although per ud p»

specim

Re bee tud SCR ens described by Decaisne were most

pro feast 8 Day.

To E lla, F. Muell. Herb.—A dwarf plant, rarely above

lin. high, allied to L. sessilis and perhaps a variety, but much less

d. Leaves shorter and not so fine, occupying the art

ee ee d n DEM NN

Lazmannia.] CXXVII. LILIACES. 67

base into woolly hairs as in L, sessilis, and. perianths entirely as in that

species. i :

W. Australia. King George's Sound or to the eastward, Bazter, and probably

the same region, Drummond, n. 445; East Mount Barren, Maxwell ; Uppe r Kalgan

eh and Perongerup, F. ‘Mueller ; between Esperance Bay and ging s Range,

emp.

8. L. sessilis, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 56.—Stems branched and

densely tufted, the whole plant rarely above 1 in. high, the lower part

of the branches covered with scarious leaf. sheaths, Leaves forming

short terminal tufts, v very narrow-linear, recurved, 3 to 8 lines long, the

bristles of the sheaths few and long, simple or slightly divided, Flower-

eads ovoid or oblong, sessile or near ly so, shorter than the leaves.

Outer bracts not very numerous, mostly acute; inner ones divided

nearly to the base into woolly hairs. Perianth sessile or nearly so, the

outer segments about 23. lines long, the inner ones ovate-oblong about

1 lines lo =: TE n Pl. Preiss. ii, 42.

Swan River, PNE lst coll. ; Hay District, Preiss, n. 1590;

W. A

Pie Fixe Range, F. Mueller (the latter specimens not fully out and somewhat

97. STAWELLIA, F. Muell.

Perianth of 6 equal 8-nerved segments, shortly united at the base.

Stamens 8, inserted at the base of the inner segments and shorter than

them ; filaments filiform or flattened ; anthers linear or linear-lanceolate,

erect, the cells opening inwards in longitudinal slits. Ovary 3-celled,

vi ovules in each cell; xk filiform entire. Capsule opening locu-

b and simple scapes. Flowers in a den se prem: head, with imbricate

Tacts, the outer ones produced into filiform leav

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in rest Australia.

L. S. dimo: hantha, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 85.—A slender glabrous

perennial, fo a nse tufts of 4 to B in. Leaves all radieal except

those of the flowet: henda, linear-filiform, shorter than the seapes, with

einn mobeated dilated bases. Stems simple, rigidly filiform. Flower-

— i 4 lines diameter, surrounded by rigidly filiform leaves or

gue of the piter bracts often 1 in. long. Rhachis of the head or

Spike often branched though close and compact. Bracts searious, imbri-

ias in each head very narrow linear and 3 lines long, the others much j

"bed and broader, ` Filaments of the outer flowers filiform, of the

er ones short and flat. Capsule very small, enclosed in the perianth,

< Drummond.

Temarkable differen, hape of the outer and inner fom M6 partly

but not entirely caused by a difference i in the degree of deve op aa i ne Raro nof:

oee KR tque

; F

68 'CXXVII. LILIACE.

98. JOHNSONIA, R. Br.

Perianth withering after flowering but at length deciduous, of 6

equal 8- or 5-nerved segments. Stamens 3, attached to the base of the

inner segments and shorter than the perianth; filaments shortly dilated

d connate at the base, tapering upwards; anthers linear, erect, con-

tinuous with the filament, the cells opening inwards in longitudinal slits.

Ovary 3-celled, with two ovules in each cell, one erect the other pen-

dulous ; style filiform, with a terminal small stigma. Capsule nearly

globular, opening loculicidally in 8 valves. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell,

oblong or ovoid, the funicle thickened into a black strophiole ; testa crus-

taceous, black, smooth, and shining. Embryo linear, straight.—Tufted

bracts, of which one or two of the lowest are, usually empty, and the

lowest of all occasionally produced into a subulate leaf, erect and

apparently continuous with the stem.

. The genus is confined to West Australia.

Glabrous, 1 ft. high or more. Leaf-sheaths distichous. Spikes :

13 to 2 in., the bracts not ciliate . 1. J. lupulina.

under l ft. Le

tichous. Spikes 2 to 1} in., the bracts cilia . 9. J. pubescens.

3. J. acaulis.

erect, the longest usually shorter than the stem and laterally flattened

as in Iridew, varying in breadth from under 1 line to nearly 2 lines.

eolate and concave, each with a single

e perianth about half as long as the bract,

ually smaller and empty, the lowest of

etimes the lowest two with the midrib

produced into an erect terete leaf of } to 1 in., all the bracts quite

glabrous without cilia on their margin.— Bauer, Illustr. t. 1 ; Endl. m

Pl. Preiss. ii. 40; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 86.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, Æ. Brow",

A. Cunningham, Drummond, n. 211 and 350, Preiss, n. 1579, and many others.

; Var. teretifolia. Leaves very narrow, terete or flat, not apparently so regularly

distichous as in the typical form, but the specimens none of them very perfect.

J. teretifolia, Endl. in Pl. Preiss, ii. 40. .

Rives pri am Stirling Range, F. Mueller ; Cape Riche, Preiss, n. 1582; Swan

2. J. pubescens, Lindl. Swan Riv. App. 57.—Much smaller in all.

j hirsute. Leaves.

its parts than J. lupulina, and more or less pubescent or

not distichous fla

Johnsonia. | CXXVII. LILIACEA. 69

Stems slender, usually 4 to 6 in. long and always shorter than the

: leaves, Spikes $ to 1 in. long, the bracts very pointed, rarely above

Swan Riv. App. 57, t. 7. F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 87. J. longifolia, Endl.

in Pl. Preiss. ii. 40.

W. Australia. Swan Ri iver, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 210, 351, and 797, Preiss,

n. 1584; Giga Naturaliste and Ca anning River, Oldfield.

EM te - Muell. Leaves almost filiform.—J. mucronata, Endl. in Pl, Preiss,

iver, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1580.

8. J. acaulis, Endl. in Pl. Preiss, ii. 41,—A dwarf plant usually

alant but sometimes nearly glabrous. Leaves scarcely distichous,

rigid and fiat but rarely above 1 line broad and 8 to 6 in. long. . Spikes

Sessile within the leaves or borne on stems shorter va themsel¥es, the

bracts or glumes of a rich brown, very pointed and ciliate on the edges as

in J. pubescens, but more Mom imbricate.—A variety only of J. pubescens

in the opinion of F. Mue l. Fragm. vii. 87.

. W. Australia. Foot of Stirling Range, F. Mueller, Preiss, n. 1581, and probably

m the same region, Drummond, n. 202, 203, 352 and 353.

39, ARNOCRINUM, Endl. and Lehm.

á Perianth anon ud Eu tube cylindrical, the limb spreading, of

equal broad lng segments. Stamens 3, attached to the mouth of

fx)

la]

£a

E BE

en dedi Within the bracts. Seeds ovoid or diis without

fo strophiole ; testa crustaceous, black, smooth and shining.—Stem

om a tufted densely woolly base long branching and rush-like, Tabled

eee small seale under each branch, rarely produced into a short

Flows . iré: es radical or from the stock, linear, grass-like but al

OWers in en terminal ovoid heads or short spikes, sessile within

ibristo 1 acts.

The genus is limit ibed

ed to West Australia. The ager have been descri as

hexandrous but I have never tou d pr r three stamens in several flowers T

D ecd of both species, and this accords with "Oldücld's notes taken from the

Bracts more or l bor-

B i ry a iow eng Me Sac a = : 1. A. Drummondii,

and bro oll

wn, densely covered with long v woo lly 1 24: Petal

hairs ,

3 o9 V M lel “Gs £7 x b » X

ue A. Drummondii, Endl. in Pl. Preiss, ii, 41.—Stock or base of

sem: enveloped in a dense white wool, the whole plant otherwise

70 CXXVII. LILIACER. [ Arnoerinum.

glabrous or with a few woolly es near the base. Radical leaves

narrow-linear, 2 to 9 in. long. Stems slender, simple or branched, 1 to

2 ft. high, with sometimes a little en at the base of the branches.

Flower- heads or spikes ovoid, about + in, long or rather more without

the Lah ier glabrous except a few woolly hairs bordering some of

the bracts. aots imbricate, 8 to 4 lines long, either wholly scarious

or the broad polite of some of the outer ones green rigid and striate.

Perianth-tube narrow, cylindrical, about 3 lines long, the limb longer,

blue, with 6 broad lobes, all 1-nerved according to Oldfield's M but of

so delicate a texture as to be very imperfectly preserved in dry

gem

Swan River, Dessen, lst coll. n. 777, Preiss, n. 2640 ; Mur-

Phe ite Qu Didfid

. Preissii, Lehm., Pl. Preiss, ii. 42, —Very near A. Drummondii,

but rather stouter, more rigid and more branched, sometimes producing

tufts of short leaves at the bifurcations. Flower- heads of the same size;

but the bracts all dry and brown, and densely covered with long woolly

hairs. Perianth apparently smaller, but imperfect in the dried specimens.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll, n. 778, Preiss, n. 2226; Mur-

chison River, Oldfield.

40. BORYA, Labill,

about 20) ovules in each om superposed in 0 rows : sty e filiform,

with a small capitate sti apsule wash amongst the persistent

bises 8-valved. Seeds ur with a black crustaceous testa, without

usually papi sie brdih or black, each with iig flower sessile in its

axil, enclosed in a bracteole similar to the bract but broader,

with inflected searious margins.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Leaves various. Peduncle rarely above 3 in. Outer

——— y longer € — Western |

Leaves a all erect subulate. ` Peduncle de 6 to 10in. Outer

Meer the North-eastern

ae LI LI ES LI Lip, LI Ld La - . ne. . 2. p. aipitenttionielis:

“1. B. nitida.

PENOS e

Borya. | CXXYII. LILIACER. 71

. B. nitida, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i 81, t. 107.—A densely puc

to 6 in. o

more, diffuse creeping arely erect, simple or branched, the lower

lobes linear and nearly the same j* de —R. Br. Prod. 286; F. Muell.

Fragm. vii. 87; B. lucens, Poir. Dict. viii. 615 (probably a clerical error

for B. nitida, though taken up by Kunth. Enum. iv. 645, as distinct) ;

Bawngartenia nitida, Spreng. Syst. ii. 91.

W. Australia. un wn, Labil-

lardiire, and many preg ag n ig CIUS E and

many o — nd. naam’ to Dep Arid, Maz

man

m. wipe it becomes difficult to define distinct varieties. In the commonest

‘orm the leaves are ees ve rarely sare 1} in. long, spreading or recurved, especially

h the short tufted state, straighter and more rigid in the more elongated and

A ched forms or states. The don: state includes z scirpoidea, Lindl. Swan Riv.

lab t. 9; pon d's Dil pean n. 941; Preiss's n. 1597, ii The latter is

well as p 7e 8 original form and that t which Brown ive e Labillardiére’s name, as

5 Dm ond's n. 796 ( scl), Press's n. Mega

: gracilis and B. cataracte, Endi. Pl. Preiss, ii. 43, Preiss, n. 1596 and 1594 are

small states of the comm ates e

Bauingartenia spheeroce, aoe $ reng. Sys ii 91 E aae rigid

lav etimes piano ng. any 2 ong, but connected with the

, B. sublanosa, F. Muell. Herb, Drummon ites is a dwarf variety with the

ounger leaves more or less sprinkled with long Fidos woolly hited

‘xwell’s specimens from Cape Arid show a remarkably rigid variety.

a B. septentrionalis, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 41.—Stems short, erect.

P. Pin in dense tufts, very erectand rigid um fine, 1} to 2 in, long.

uncles 6 to 10 in, sins Flower-heads } to $ in. diameter, with

ind. humerous flowers, the flowering bracts longer than in B. nitida, .

the outer iüvelenad braets usually shorter than the poet The

Boae of the flowers and other characters precisely the same as in

Froica posit from Bece this species is most distinctly bet ar by geo- —

72 CXXVIII. PONTEDERACE E.

Orpen CXXVIII. PONTEDERACEZ.

Flowers usually slightly irregular, hermaphrodite. Perianth inferior,

h 2

with or without a distinet tube, the limb or whole perianth of 6 eoloured

similar. Stamens 6 or 8, attached to the base of the lobes or segments,

often dissimilar ; anthers 2-celled, opening laterally or inwards by longi-

tudinal slits or terminal pores. Ova superior, 3-celled or with 3

parietal placentas, with 1 or more ovules to each cell or placenta; style

single with a terminal 8-lobed or 6-toothed stigma, Fruit a capsule,

opening loculicidally in 8 valves, but sometimes enclosed in the persistent

tube of the perianth. Seeds albuminous, with a slender embryo, the

radicle next to the hilum.—Aquatic herbs, i

with numerous parallel veins. Flowers b

racemes proceeding from the sheath of the last or only leaf of the seape,

usually with 1 or 2 sheathing bracts at the base of the peduncle.

A small order dispersed over the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both the New

and the Old World, extending in No erica to more temperate districts.

Australian species belongs to a genus confined to the ld World, whilst the

oth are exclusively Ameri e order only differs from Liliacee in

er gene can. only diff

the aquatic habit and the slight irre arity of the flower.

The genus contains very few species limited to the Old World; the only Australian

one is, as far as known, endemic.

base of the peduncle enclosed in a membranous sheath. Flowers sessile

or very shortly pedicellate, without bracts. Perianth blue, the segments

Monochoria. ] CXXVIII. PONTEDERACEX. 73

base. Seeds ovoid, with 10 to 12 prominent ribs.— Limnostachys cyanea,

F. Muell. Fragm. i. 24.

nc i i Upper bored River, F. gren ; Gilbert River, Gulliver.

Que Po nison, Fitzalan ; Hein iver, Rockhampton and

M esami “Bowman, Thozet, O’ Shanesy, and EDEN

ite species is very near to the common East Indian M. vaginalis, Presl, but the

are more sessile, and the stamens are nearly equal Milo as tooth on the

Pee of the odd stamen characteristic of both the Indian speci

Orpver CXXIX. PHILYDRACEZ.

hypogynous; filament flattened ; anther vitat shaped, attached

at the base or adnate, with 2 parallel cells, straight or twisted, open-

ing in longitudinal slits; staminodia 2, hypogynous, alternating with

Flowers sessile and solitary within more or

the eX of a simple spike, or along the

simple branches of a terminal pan

The row is limited to the three Australian genera, and. is almost endemic. One

Species o

WP e d RUM n: into eos tropical Asia, and one of uncertain origin may

Anther terminal, ery much twisted. Ovary imperfectly

3-celled. Leaves flag-like. PUES E long, simple . 1, PHILYDRUM.

Anther not ed but reflexed outw. Ovary perfectly

3-celled. Leaves few, narrow. Spike short, simple . 2, PRITZELIA.

Anther erect

Ovary

3-celled. Leaves flag-like. Spikes in a terminal branched

Rete, AEST, . 8. HErLMHOLTZIA,

1. PHILYDRUM, Banks.

ae rianth-segments s many-nerved, the margins slightly involute in the

he attached to the base of the anterior segment and | not

AE i t; filament flattened, tapering upwards; an

Sverse, the ee = eee twisted ; staminodia hypogynous, but

a slightly connate at the base with t e anther-bearing filament

à x Be l-celled with. $ parietal pléesato projecting far into the cavity but

g in the centre, each with 2 divaricate broad lobes covered on.

Inner or under surfaco with v very Voters aba style columnar,

With a à terminal road 3-angled stigma. Capsule oblong, opening 1

74 CXXIX. PHILYDRACER. [Philydrum.

licidally in 8 valves. Seeds very numerous and small, narrow-oblong,

brown with black tips, minutely tuberculate, with a short pale funicle.

—Tall perennial, with flag-like leaves. Flowers sessile within sheathing

bracts along the rhachis of a long terminal] spike.

The genus is limited to the single Australian and East —— oa the

P. glaberrimum of the ‘ Botanical Magazine’ being a species of Helmhol

1. P. lanuginosum, Banks in Gertn. Fruct. i. 62.—Roots fibrous.

Stem erect, simple or scarcely branched, about 2 ft. high, with more or

less of — wool especially on the inflorescence, wearing away with

a es from under 1 ft. to 1} ft. long, distichous sheathing and

equitant a the base of the stem, the upper ones shorter and passing into

short lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate sheathing bracts, all however longer

than the perianth, the inflorescence forming a long terminal interrupted

spike, more woolly than the rest of the plant. Flowers closely sessile,

solitary or rarely two together within each bract. Perianth- segments

long, the pericarp thin, opening tardily in 8 valves.—R. Br. Pr od. 265;

Kunth, Enum, iii. 880 ; Guill em. Ie, n Austral. t. 5 ; Bot. Mag. t. 789.

N. ee aoe Darwin, Schultz, n.

Que andy Cape, Ke ppel Bay, Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Rockhampto

and curamque es Bowman, "O Shane y, and others; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy

Port Curtis, Meier ay ; Cape York, Daemel.

Ww: Port Jackson and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; New Engl

6. Stuart ; Histngs River, Be ckler ; Clarence River, Wilcox ; Mount Elliott, pmi

Victoria. Upper part of the Wimmera, Wilhélmi

The same species ranges over the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago and South

China.

2. PRITZELIA, F. Muell.

(Hetzria, Endl.)

Perianth-segments many- iran Stamen almost hypogynous, & at the

base of the anterior segment; filament broad and flat, connate to about

the middle with the 2 ven petal-like staminodia; anther oblong,

abruptly reflexed outward from the apex of the filament, ; the cells parallel,

not twisted, opening in longitudinal slits. est perfectly 8-celled ; style

columnar, with a slightly dilated terminal stigma. Capsule oblong,

membranous, opening loculicidally in 8 valves, leaving a persistent cen

placentiforous column. Seeds numerous, small, oblong, brown, minutely

tuberculate.—A small plant with a simple erect stem, few narrow leaves.

Flowers sessile within concave bracts in a short terminal spike.

The genus is limited to the single West Australian species.

1. P. pygmeza, F. Muell. Descr. Pap. Pl. i. 18.—Stock rat

perennial, almost thickened into a small bulb more or less woolly, the

rest of the plant glabrous. stati simple, slender, erect, 8 to 6 in. high-

Leaves 1, 2, or 3, narrow-linear, shorter than the stem, with a narrow

g base, the Midi one with a broader sheath and short

lamina, Flowering-bracts sheathing, 8 to 6 lines E without any 0T

Pritzelia.] CXXIX. PHILYDBACEJE. 75

only a very short point, distichous and imbrieate when young, forming

an interrupted terminal spike when in flower. Perianth-segments very

roadly ovate, not at all or scarcely exceeding the braet. Stamen con-

siderably shorter.— PAilydrum pygmeum, R. Br. Prod. 265; Heteria

pygmea, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 45

Ww. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Preiss, n. 2223, F. Mueller ;

Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. and n. 739, 740; Lake Muir, Muir.

9. HELMHOLTZIA, F. Muell.

Perianth-segments faintly several-nerved, ovate-lanceolate, mem-

branous, almost petal-like, the posterior one with 2 prominent nerves

near the margin. Stamen almost hypogynous at the base of the anterior

gment; filament very short and flat ; anther erect, ovate-oblong, much

longer than the filament, the cells:parallel, not twisted, opening inwardly

in longitudinal slits; staminodia petal-like, short and broad, very shortly

connate with the anther-bearing filament. Ovary perfectly 3-celled ;

style subulate with a minute terminal stigma. Capsule nearly globular,

8-furrowed, the pericarp rather thick but probably at length 3-valved.

Seeds numerous, small, dark-brown, smooth.—Tall erect perennial, with

long almost radical flag-like leaves and numerous small flowers in a ter-

minal pyramidal panicle.

id e Australian species, which is endemic, the genus includes the Philydrum

caer inom, Hook. Bot. Mag, t. 6058, of uncertain origin, but believed to have been

m the Pacific Islands.

l. H. acorifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 208.—Stems erect, simple

except the inflorescence, 2 to 3 ft. high, quite glabrous or with a slight

g and à to near 1 in. broad, their short sheathing bases

Capsules 2 to 3 lines diameter, woolly-villous, not seen open althoug

e seeds appear ripe with a perfect embryo. Seeds oblong, many of

cate or almost hooked at the apex, and sometimes narrowly

Queensland. Rockin

ckingham Bay, Dallachy.

N. S. Wales. Richmond River, Wilcoz.

Orprr CXXX. XYRIDEJE.

Character and geographical range of the order the same as that of the

us Xyris, i fa

76 CXXX: XYRIDEX.

of the genus or order are also very uncertain. Either the habit or the seeds

N the inflorescence have suggested to various botanists its ewe

o Restiaeem, Commelynaeesm, or Liliacer (Johnsoniew), but there are

Pete characters which separate it from each of these.

l. XYRIS, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite, sessile within 2 opposite persistent gh

bracteoles by some considered as outer perianth-segments. e peri-

anth with a short tube, the limb divided into 4 segments, 1 outer ater

one thin and almost petal-like or somewhat Marine very broad, €

pletely enveloping inner segments, but becoming detached s% ‘the

base and cast o e flower expands, 8 inner pene yellow petal-like

spreading RR uem can after flowering. Perfect stamens 3, oppo-

site the inner segments, attached to their base and shorter than them ;

anthers erect, sagittate, with 2cells opening laterally in longitudin

slits somewhat turned outwards : staminodia usually 8, alternating with

the inner segments, short and filiform, with a terminal tuft of jointed

hairs or an imperfect anther, or in some species wholly deficient. Ovary

separating from the sides of the ovary except at the base and apex.

Style single, divided at the end into 8 spreading branches, each termi-

nating in a eapitate or dilated stigma. Capsule globular or ovoid, often

9-furrowed, opening loculicidally in 3 valves or sometimes cire cumsciss,

The genus is ee spread over the warmer regions b. oth of the New and -— old

World. Of the Australian species, one is grafis heap a common Asiatic one, the

others are, as far as hitherto ascertain emi

I have described the 2 outer navicular scario r ume-like organs outside the

perianth a bracteoles from eene position at the base of the pe well as :

their consistence and persistence, w. the broad segment enveloping the inner

ones is peri the real satan perianth, being placed like the inner segments at the

apex of the tube.

Placentas of the ovary parietal, free from each other and

extending to the te of the cavity.

Bracts re or minutely ciliate. Anther-cells dorsally

affixed enc connoctv ve. Staminodia penicillate.

perek

Payee mosca nao EH rigid, s

Staminodia densely peni =: iw lanata.

. Leaf-tufts annual Leaves Mer i TM

- very slender, LE ee - » 2. X. pauciflora.

Xyris. | CXXX. XYRIDEEF. 77

Bracts with black jagged margins. Anther-cells adnate

2 preston part of their length. No staminodia.

species.

Flower-heads globular. Bracts MA broad reu EA X. lace

wer-heads ovoid or oblong. vate. X Jezioli

Tandala very short and confluent at ‘the pa of the ov ary.

r characters of X. menie but bracteoles not

‘ 5, X. gracilis.

biens. connate ‘at the base of the ovary, “ex tending als

up the sides. es paa eril hardened at the apex.

Staminodia densely penicillate. Bracteoles with a pro-

minent or era Sia uall "ciliate keel.

pela. Broad ium appressed, entire or the inner

es j agg astern Species D A operculata,

acts Meo tiere 8 hirsute or plumose at the end.

estern spec 7. X. lanata.

Bracts ovate-oblong, loosely imbricate or spreading,

glabro Western spec 8. X. laxiflora.

Staminodia wall trans pe dilated at the end, without

ie ed, en we stern sp . 9. X. gracillima.

X. altissima, Todd Bot. Cab. E pa ,by a KE IN error supposed to be

Su evidently Bolartia oe Boar from South Africa uin

- X. complanata, R. Br. Prod. 256.—8tock Mm Leaves

un Baer) surrounded by a few old brown sheaths, grass-like, flat,

often very narrow, varying from 1 or 2 to above 3 in. long. Scape

more or less flattened, from under 1 ft. to about 14 ft. high. Flower-

head at first short and ovoid, but sometimes lengthening into à ridens

spike of 3 to 1 in., the soniga broad, light-brown, entire or the

ones slightly ciliate, the lower empty ones ew PE eti inn

minently keeled or wi narrow dorsal shortly ipie ger ner

dorsally

aj a small connective ; staminodia densely e Style

vided sk to the base. Placentas of the ovary free from each other

of cavity. Reads A numerous and

Linn. Soc. x. 989, t. 15; "E. Muell. Fragm. vii

ewe Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Bathurst

2 ‘og ngham; Sea Range and Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz,

ogee aeensland, Facing Island (X. levi), R. Brown ; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller and

x "i, Rockhamp pton, Viren i Endeavour River, .4. Cunningham ; Rockingham

x lachy ; gue nison, Fitzalan.

Riy, N. S. Wales. ackson (X. scabra), R. Brown, Woolls, and others ; Hastings

er and Mount Mischa Beckler.

in East India if X. Walkeri, Wight in Kunth, Enum. iv. 19,

to be.

it appears

3 tod ios Mo Pd r scales E RC flower-head enlarged into spreading bracts of

Var. ? bate, ton Bay, Lei

Flower. head Sca y narrow, scarcely compressed or angular-terete.

Upper Bris small and aaa pL t examined. —Cape York, M'Gillivray ;

bane River and Provide: lig oa oem

caver Panitra, | ip Phytogr. i. 2, t. 1.—Apparently annual.

m radical tufts, grass-like, narrow, pine above 6 in. long.

78 CXXX. XYRIDER. [ Xyris.

Scapes sometimes only 2 or 3 in. high, but varying from that to 1 ft. or

rather more, terete or slightly flattened. Flower-head ovoid-globose,

without prominent keels. Perianth small for the genus. Anthers almost

sessile, the cells quite distinct dorsally attached to a small connective;

staminodia very slender, with very few terminal hairs and often very

difficult to find. Capsule od. the placentas adnate to the apex of

the valves.—Kunth, Enum v. 17; X. pauciflora, X. paludosa, X. den-

ticulata, and X. pusilla, R. D: Prod. 256 ; X. oligantha, Steud. Syn.

88.

N. Australia. M‘Adam Range and Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Port Essington,

Armstrong.

Queensland. Endeavour —— Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; between

Norman and oue Rivers, Gulliv

The es is also widely mem over tropical Asia. Brown's four species were

all described from Banks and Solander’s Endeavour River specimens, and appear to

me to differ only in size and luxuriance : the two smallest slender weg: 2 to 31m

represent well Willdenow’ s figure; the larger dbi id however;

more rame in Indian as well as in Australian collectións.

. X. lacera, R. Br. Prod. 257.—Stems rather stout, terete, varying

hen under 1 ft. to above 2 ft. high, surrounded at the base by a few

long, broad, m brown leaf-sheaths, of which 1, 2, or 8 are omo

into blades of 2 o in. Flower-heads ovoid or globular, under jm

meter. Bealds very broad, their black margins much ja ueg th

w. were King George 8 — and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Drum-

mond, n. 200, 354, "QUAM. F. Mueller.

ike — wes Png l. c. from ew: Bay, appears to be the same species with

rather smaller

4. X. flexifolia, R. Br. Prod. 256.—Stems very slender, twisted,

usually 1 ft. high or niet more, with a single long brown sheath at the:

se iud. pa metimes a second sheath produced into a slender terete

twisted leaf resembling the stem. Flower-head oblong or narrow-ovoid,

9 to 4 lines long. Seales ovate, eh itn the black margins jagged, d, the.

centre of the flowering ones pale-coloured. Bracteoles narrow, obtuse;

~ esee keeled. Outer rU ~~: more petallike than ig

st species ; inner segments ovate-oblong, much narrower than usual.

reum linear-oblong, the cells almost Sabre. adnate ; no staminodia in.

Xyris. | CXXX. XYRIDEEX. 19

the flowers examined. Ovary narrow, the placentas free from each

other and adnate to the apex of the cavity. Style rather long, with

short branches and entire fan-shaped stigmas. Ovules few and narrow.

Capsule not seen ripe.— X. «mula, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 55.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Drum-

mond, n. 254, partly, Preiss, n. 2221

9. X. gracilis, R. Br. Prod. 256.—Very similar to the narrow-

headed specimens of X. operculata, and not always easy to distinguish

Leaves —— — — -— more twisted, some-

ces s nearly 1 line broad, some varieties as narrow as in that

eeu and not extending much up the sides of the cavity. iHa

Fl. Tasm. ii. 69; X. juncea, R. Br. Prod. 256.

Queensland. Brisba ne River, B

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the ‘Biue — Jim juncea), R. eet aie

and Sem; Nw ag land, €. Stuart, C. Moore ; Has meg

Bee

rt Phillip R. Brown (X. granit 5 “Glen g River ` Robertson ;

Doninong. Ranges, F. Mueller ; Curdie's Inlet, Walker

ania. mmon in various places in similar focilittbe to X. operculata, Gunn

and others.

bi bracteata. Flower-heads "eium eei ard scales enlarged into spreading

acts, bracteoles broader than in the n form, with slightly peiie and

minutely ciliate dorsal keels, but the o rote aito. of X. gracilis than of X. operculata.

i uth Port, Tasmania, C. Stuart ; between Circular Head and Arthur River, F.

6. X. o

uana into very narrow almost subulate leaves, imer

in. lo

em Or fringed at the end. Inner perianth-segments very broadly

?90vate, 4 to 6 lines diameter. Anthers deeply lobed at the base and

st jun So at the upper end. Staminodia. filiform, te dense tuft

entire sua ff

Il eem d itting i R. Br. Prod. 257;

part only splitting into valves.—R. br. i

Tasm. ii, 69; Bot. Mag. t. 1158; Lodd. Bot. Cab, t. 205.

Ne. Port Ji to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. and R. Cun-

j alara 1 nd riven, elie New England, C. Stuart.

80 OXXX. XYRIDEX. [ Xyris.

Victoria. Mount Eversley, Robertson ; Mount Abrupt, Wilhelmi ; Curdie's River,

F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; common in wet heaths and peat soils,

J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia, Encounter "dh C. Stuart.

ar. macrocephala. Stems sae 2 ry high. Flower-heads } in. Rye the

neis almost all fringed.—Blue Mountains, A. and R. Cunningham, Woolls

Var. bracteata. A few of the outer empty scales of the zi ciae d enlarged and

spreading.—X. bracteata, R. Br. Prod. 256.—Port Jackson, R. Bro

X. lanata, R. Br. Prod. 257.—Stock perennial. Leaves few in the

tufts, almost hod pend 1 or 2 of xem from 6 in. to 1 ft. long, above 1

the scales oblong- porius usually superposed in 5 distinct rows;

hirsute outside or almost plumose at the end, the outer ones. often

woolly-villous to the i Siuctecles with winged Sock ciliate at the

end, and the outer perianth-segment often tubercular- hirsute at the end.

Staminodia filiform, with a dense tuft of jointed hairs. Stigmas much

dilated. Capsule with a hardened apex as in X. operculata. Placentas

slightly connate at the base, extending up the sides of the cavity but not

into the hardened apex. Ovules and seeds ascending from the lower

part of the cavity almost as in X. ur —Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 55.

King George's Sound and adjoining — R. Brown, Frastts

A, Cunningham, Dr ummond, n. 201, 354, Preiss, n. 2222, and others

8. X. laxiflora, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 208.—Apparently Ww

Leaves tufted, flat, narrow, the inner ones 4 to 6 in. long, the outer

shorter. , Seapos rather AAE 1 to 2 ft, high. Flower- head ovoid

shortly ciliate or denticulate, Inner perianth-segments broad but not

large. Anthers short; staminodia with a dense tuft of hairs. Ovary

pubescent and shortly 'B-lobed at the Spex ipm united at the irs

and adnate upwards, but not extending to apex; stigmas slig

dilated and minutely fringed. Ovules few, ae Capsule hardened i

the apex but not seen ripe.

WV. Australia. Drummond, n. 202,

9. X. gracillima, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 208.—Stems or scapes 8$

in X. flezifolia slender, almost filiform, with brown sheaths at their base

rarely to leav > more in that species, an

mostly above 1 ft. high, Flower-head ovoid, or serg 3 to 4 lines

long, quite glabrous, the scales broad, with black margins quite entire

E EOE E

Ayris.] - OXXX. XYRIDEX. 81

and paler centres. Bracteoles obtuse and obtusely keeled, quite

glabrous. Inner perianth-segments ovate. Anther linear, oblong,

seareely lobed at the base, with very fot filamenta ; staminodia

capitate stigmas.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 199.

Orper CXXXI. COMMELYNACEA.

Flowers hermaphrodite or rarely polygamous, bons d EDU ir-

regular. Perianth of 6 segments, free or rare ely un at th e,

or size from the deja Stamens 6 or fewer ie abortion, vito to

on one side of the flower, not alternating with the perfect stamens.

Ovary 3.celled or rarely 2-celled, with 1, 2 or more orthotropous

E SL

entire or 3-lobed stigma. Fruit a capsule or rarely indehiscent though

dry. Seeds thick, peltate or angular, the testa often wr ti-

culate, Embryo small, partly sunk in the side of the fleshy albumen

ilu

. Leaves din

eai blue, pusple, or white, in parie ee umbels, or clusters, either

rm is

9pposed to the | leaf.

The ord ical, - is common to the New and the

Old W. od. "f vss ere leis prinio spread over both hemispheres,

one is RU to to the Ms World, one en re Tae kupin region, and one only is

endemic in Australia

Rowe tro in a folded, riesco iti gi eere

spatha or leaf tess or within short eaf-shea

Perianth-segments ro. in 2series. Stamensall perfect. 1. CYANOTIS.

Perianth-se gments free. Half the stamens reduced to

Bracts ii icula

"us tt aliod Flowe “ont ‘ovary a and

82 OXXXI. COMMELYNACER,

Stamens all perfect. Ovary and capsules 2-celled. . . 4, Froscora.

Stamens all | gertecs or pat aae to staminodia. Fruit

ehiscent, usually blue . 6. POLLA.

No spatha. "Powers spicata: Outer segments herbuceous

Stamens all perfect. Ovary 3-celled . 6, CAnTONEMA.

1, CYANOTIS, Don.

ee Salisb., name only).

£5

os,

£5

E .

£e

"i ge

[ur

rbs. wers in short dense spikes or clusters, in ieee fal-

cate leafy une or gaits or within loose “Jenf-ehes ths.

ROR nus is ver the tropical regions of Asia and Africa, the only |

ustralian hi see is a naiki PE one from Ceylon and the Peninsula to to the

dem Archipelago and South Chin

Ee cce ee and Schult.; Kunth, Enum. iv. 105.—Å

E annual, with long ee d or shortly ascending branches.

TS i

e, 2 to 4 in ow )

together within the short loose leat akathi “Outer perianth-segments |

nearly 3 lines long, shortly united at the base; inner perianth deep

blue, the tube slender, eylindrical, longer dnd the outer segments.

Filaments thickened above a dense tuft of jointed hairs.— Tradescantia

axillaris, Roxb. Corom. Pl. t. 107 ; Mt hey axillaris, Salisb. in Trans

Hort. Soc. i. 271; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 62; Cyanotis axillaris, Clarke

Comm. et Cyrt. uie t. 85 (copied from Bottan):

N. Australia. Sturts’ Creek, F. Muelle

Queensland. Elio and Burdekin Rivom Bowman.

The species isa common Indian one. Salisbury, in giving t the name of -

A gere no no indication o of the pid or character he sedent n to assign to ae

a genus; it canno

taken as Cau a publication as necess

e the universally adopted name Cyanoti

2. COMMELYNA, Linn.

Perianth-segments all free, 2 of the outer ones larger than the

third outermost, and one of the i inner frequently differently shaped or

rfect stamens usually 3, the cer

2, with deformed anthers. Ovary feelo or rarely 2-celled ; ovules in

each of 2 cells 2 superposed, gu only in the third smaller cell, or ovules

lin each of 3 cells, or the 3rd e ell. entirely wanting. ane pei |

Commelyna. | OXXXI. COMMELYNAOER. 83

with a small stigma. Capsule usually 3-celled, the 2 biovulate cells

opening loculicidally, the 3rd uniovulate cell remaining long closed at

the back of one of the valves, but sometimes all 3 cells open loculici-

dally or the 8rd cell is deficient. Seeds smooth or pitted, rugose or

reticulate-—Weak herbs, often creeping at the base. Flowers in a

, The genus is widely spread over the warmer regions of both hemispheres, supply-

ing several common weeds of cultivation. The three Australian species may be all

endemic, they are very near corresponding Asiatic species to which they have been

Sometimes referred, but I have been unable to match them precisely.

Spatha not cordate, closed at the base, forming an oblique

inate inverted cone open at the toponly . . . . 1. C. ensifolia.

Spatha cordate at the base, with rounded auricles closely

p te

Leaves ovate-lanceolate or rarely narrow, contracted

above the sheath. Spatha acute, rarely acuminate.

BL ioo. PAG ee nea edits Z0 cente

Leaves very narrow, not contracted above the sheath.

Spatha with along point. Seeds smooth or slightly

HEN hri. a ano o oo 1919 3 eee DAM

Spathas usually solitary, sessile or shortl pedunculate, opposite the

ast leaves, cucullate, very broadly faleate but searcely acuminate, to

l in. long, the closed base 4 to 6 lines long. Each spatha, besides a

small rudimentary pedicel, contains a single peduncle shorter than the

rarely 6 flowe

ner ones about twice as long, t

mens 3 perfect, 1 anther larger than the 2 others

RS 3-celled with i ovule in each cell. Capsule with 2 dehiscent à

ei and then dehiscent. Seeds smooth.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 60 ;

"undulata, R, Br. Prod. 270. `

N. Australia, antec and others;

Essingt Islands of of Carpen! R. Brown, Henne, thers ;

ER Shamed Jagr Hay ded Schultz, n. 70, 161; Upper Victoria

Stuart’ F. Mueller ; Camden Harbour, Walter; Central Australia, M‘ Dougal

"C8 and Gosses Expeditions, à

84 CXXXI. COMMLEYNACEE. [ Commelyna,

he Maranoa, M and Peak Downs, F, Mueller, over.

ork, 1

Queensland. Fro

the P whole i part tof the colony to Cap e

N. S. wW Between the Darling oa Cooper 8 Creek, Neilson,

‘Some of the Queensland specimens have broader leaves and 2 spathas at the ends

of the stems, but opposed to distinct leaves, and not clustered as the ey usually in

C. obliqua, s, which is the only Indian species which this one otherwise resembles.

. C. cyanea, R. Br. Prod. 269. Glabrous. Stems weak

creeping and rooting at the base, assending to 1 or 2 ft. Leaves Me

lanceolate RN narrow- lanceolate, acuminate, age là to 3 in. long,

the

solieulakipns of C. communis, but

dui

tered pits.—C. communis, F. Mu ell. Fragm. viii. “t but not exactly

the common Asiatic and African C. communis, Linn.

Australia. Victoria River, F. Mueller ,

Queensland. Bri isbane River, Moreton B. y, F. Mueller ; Warwick, Bechler;

Springsure, Wuth ; Rockhampton, Dallachy, O DE en ^el. others ; Rocking.

Bay, Dallachy, Capo SAN Veitch.

N. S. Wal

er's River, R. Brown, Oldfield ; Clarence, Hastings, and

Macleay lex poo

8. C. lanceolata, R. Br. Prod. 269.— Resembles the slender nar-

Bc forms of C. cyanea, but the leaves a ppear to be always

rrow-linear or verme enitens and the upper ones at least gradually

enlarged at the base into a v ry short sheath without any contraction

above it. Spathas narrow id^, usually produced into a long point

ittate, with shorter diverging auricles. les ri

pile in each of 2 cells, the 3rd ce

nd empty.

mo or coarsely „wrinkled, without the raised reticulations of =

N. Australia. Star's s Creek, Albert and Roper Rivers, F. Mueller.

ustard Bay, Banks and Sindt. Port Curtis and Fitzroy mo

M ;illivray. reri eee Que nocnalazrd specimens are rather more

the north-w

rugose than

western ones, though otherwise very mh dike,” The character, however:

Commelyna.] CXXXI. COMMELYNACEX. 85.

in all the species of Commelyna as derived from the markings of the seed must be

taken with great caution, as they can be observed in very few specimens only, an

may hót bé so constant as they Dave b been supposed to be.

3. ANEILEMA, R. Br.

(Aphylax, Salisb., name only.)

Perianth-segments all free, 3 outer ones membranous, concave,

dightly imbricate, 3 inner petal-like, obovate, nearly equal. Perfect

stamens 3 or sometimes on _2, on one side o the fe ar anthers

nearly globular, seia in 3 or Mee 2 valves. i s lor more in

each cell, superposed in a single row, Ree eubieal, usuall ose.—

Weak herbs, with ascen ding or erect stems. Flowers small, in a loose,

erminal panicle, singly pedicellate along ae branches within a small

concave bract, or 2 together within the terminal bract.

The genus is widely spread over the tropical regions of both EE a pi but

more abundant in the Old World than in the New. Of the ralian species

one is widely vena am. cr Asia and eastern Africa, the e as far as

hithert 0 kno own 2 endem:

Filaments all g cree _ Ovary with only 2 perfect cells.

Stems we Aa ascen

Leaves ovate- laneis M ` Ovules 3 or 4 in each cell.

nar fap je thyrsoid, usually pedunculate. Cap-

1. A. acuminatum.

iene. ve sessile, of 2 ‘short 39. flowered branches: :

[SUE k anki s iuh cell . 2. A. biflorum.

ves Darenas Ovules 2 in each cell. ` Capsule si. ^

broad aslong. . 3. A. selerocarpum.

Ves linear or narrow-lanceolate. Ovules 1 in each cell. a

Fila Panicle long and andslender. Flowers small 4. A, siliculosum.

ments all or some of them bearded. Ovary 3-celled.

Fi Stems erect. Radical leaves linear, tufted.

laments all bearded. Panicle irregular, the mi

t along the branches 5. A. gramineum.,

Filaments of the perfect stamens bearded, of the stami

nodia glabrous, Pedicels close together — the :

branches, leaving a thickened denticulate rhachis 6. A. giganteum,

cuminatum, R. Br. Prod. 270.—Stems from a creeping

li ascendiug to 1 ft. or rather more, “including the putisle) en whole

Plant glabrous except minute raised dots, giving a roughness to the

Sina with smaller leaves close under it ; branches simple, filiform,

batches ven 3 pairs along the rhachis, the braets under the

very bs an lanceolate. Pedicels filiform, 2 to 4 lines long,

86 CXXXI. COMMELYNACEX. LAneilema.

singly Scattered along the branches within broad cucullate bracts

under j line long, or 2 ree within the uppermost bracts. Outer

perianth-segmonts oblong, 1$ lines long, inner ones twice as long,

3 or 4 (sometimes 5 ?) ovules in each cell. Capsule oblong, very ob-

tuse, much flattened, longer than the perianth. Seeds irregularly

tuberculate-rugosq— A. lazum, R. Br. Prod. 270; A. siliculosum, F.

uell. Fragm. viii. 61, not of R. Br.

ensland. Endeavour River and Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Moreton

Bay, F. Mueller, Backhouse and others; Rockhampton, O'SAanesy, Bowman, and .

others; ; Rocki Pen Bay, Dallach

ales. Grose River, R. Brown ; omen and Hastings Rivers, Bechler;

Tweed River, C. Moore ; New England, C. ‘Stua

biflorum, R. Br. Prod. 270.—Stems very slender, Vae

ind MEUS echoed at the base, the flowering branches ascending l

to 6 or 8 in. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, distinctly petiolate above .

. long. Inflorescence sessile within the |

last leaf and my exceeding it, consisting usually of 2 short ba

the sheath, mostly 1 to 12 in

each bearin owers within mall cucullate bract, witho

in A. acuminatum.

M igecqe-cres i i rt a he Bailey.

N. S. Wales, R, Brown; New England, C. Stuart.

3. A. scle erocarpum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 61.—Stems weak,

bella wem. e oon 1 ft., with the tita peat sony

of 4. acumin es lanceolate, acute, tapering into short

petiole above ‘the ion th, mostly 1$ to2 in. long. Panicle shalt but

loose and slender, sessile above the last leaf, with few rather Jong

filiform branches, each bearing several flowers on filiform posa: 0

to 4 lines, solitary and distant along the scies but a 2

— within the last bract. B

metimes under the lowest 1 or 2 branches. rare perianth-seg-

Sane ovate, obtuse, about 12 lines long, i inner ones longer. Filaments

all glabrous, 3 with perfect. anthers, 3 with a

third cell. Capsule as broad as lon ng and rather shorter than the

perianth, the pericarp rather more vigie m rie darker coloured than in

A. acuminatum. Seeds tuberculate-r rugos

' Queensland. Hoerbert's Creek, Bowman,

4. A. siliculosum, Z. Prod. 270.—Quite smooth and glabrous

Aneilema. | CXXXI. COMMELYNACEZX. 87:

Vary 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Capsule very obtuse, rather

longer than the perianth. Seeds 1 in each cell, oblong, transversely

rugose.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R, Brown.

Queensland. Cape York, M'Gillivray,

The above description was taken from M‘Gillivray’s very good specimens, in R.

Brown's the branches of the panicle are longer with a few

those subtending the pedicels. I could not verify the internal structure of

ovary, but to all appearance it was as in M'Gillivray's. The species is evidently

quite distinct from

5. A. gramineum, R. Br. Prod. 270.—Rarely quite glabrous,

usually with a scabrous pubescence at least onthe leaf-sheaths an

Some long hairs or cilia on the margins of the sheaths and base of the

leaves. Fibrous roots often much thickened, almost tuberous. Radical

leaves tufted, grass-like, with short broad sheaths, mostly 3 or 4 in.

long, but in very luxuriant specimens at least twice that length, vary-

Ing from 8 or 4 lines broad and tapering to a long point to very nar-

long leaves dilated into short sheaths. Panicle very irregularly and

loosely branched, rarely much longer than broad, often forked at the

bes cell. Capsule oblong or ovoid, rather longer than the perianth.

eeds pitted-rugose.— F. Muell. Fragm. viii

N. Australia. N islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ;

Victoria River and Hog phere Per ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 88.

; d. Broad A

pgham, F. Mueller and others; Peak Downs and Mackenzie River, F. Mueller ;

Botthampton, Bowman, o Shanesy, and others; Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Keppel

ozet ; Rockingham chy. - : Sane &

N.S. Wales. eaten! s River. R. Brown ; Clarence River, Beckler ; Richmond

“ver, Woolls ; New England, C, Stuart, C. Moore. j

88 CXXXI. COMMELYNACER. [ Aneilema.

um - affine (Prod. 271) from the north coast is a variety with narrow

leaves, slender panicles, and the capsule 4 to 5 lines long A. anthericoides, Br. te

271, from the islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, is intermediate between that an

the typical form.

ones larger, o 1

bearded filaments and rather large anthers ; staminodes 3 with shorter

glabrous filaments. Ovary 3-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell.

sule

gigantea, Vahl, Enum. ii. 177 ; Aneilema longifolia, Hook. Exot. Fl. t.

204; A. ensifolium and A. secundum, Wight, Ic. t. 2074, 2075 ; 4. nudi-

Jlorum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 62, not of R. Br.

M, Australia; Islands off the N. coast, R. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, "-

ki eee OY Cape York, Veitch ; Cape York Peninsula, Hann’s Expedition.

Var. gracilis, very slender, with smaller and fewer flowers.

Rockingham Bay, common in long grass, Dallachy.

the perfect stamens instead of each being collected on one side.

4. FLOSCOPA, Lour.

(Dithyrocarpus, Kunth.)

Perianth-segments all free, 3 outer ones membranous, concave, im-

bri

ricate, 3 inner large, petal-like, one rather narrower than the others,

Stamens 6, all perfect ; anther-cells opening in longitudinal slits-

————

o mwaane

air T

Floscopa. | CXXXI. COMMELYNACES. 89

Ovary contracted at the base or shortly stipitate, 2-celled with 1 ovule

in each cell; style subulate, with a small terminal stigma. Capsule

shortly stipitates opmpneste , didymous, vum in 2 valves, Seeds

solitary in each cell, laterally Menus —Erect or ascending herbs,

usually creeping at the base. Flow s small, pedicellate and racemose

along the branches of a dense kanian pani sicle.

nus is extensively dispersed over the tropical regions of the New as well

ado bid World, and consists of but very few species, the majority of those pub-

met reducible to the single Australian one which extends over the whole

area of t

. F. paniculata, Hassk. Pl. Jungh. 151.—Stems ascending to 1

or E ft., usually glabrous. Leaves. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate,

acuminate, 2 to 4 in, long, seabrous on the upper side, the sheath

fringed with long hairs, at least at the to Flowers small, in a dense

terminal ovate or broad hirsute panicle, 1 to 2 in. long, sometimes

leafy at the base, the branches simple or the lower ones forked. O =

pen ianth-segments very hairy, 1 line long or rather more, inner o

but little longer, bright blue. Stamens exserted. Vr Aedes

paniculata, Roxb. qoe Pl. t. 109; also the several ge

.by Wight, Ie. t. 2079 and 2080, or described by Kunth,

a iv. 78 al 79, and ar synonyms, quoted in Benth. Fl. Hongk.

cue Rockingham Bay, common, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

idely diffused over tropical Asia, Africa, and Brazil.

5. POLLIA, Thunb.

(Aclisia, E, Mey. Lamprocarpus, Blume.)

ements ap free, 3 outer ones membranous, thin, ist!

broad and m

Stamens

subulate, wi l Fruit ovoid or globular, usually blue

w shining, —— but dry with a brittle pericarp. Seeds angu-

iri gig à brown testa.— Tall POLEN usually weak and creeping

. e e

eden large. Flowers in terminal thyrsoid pce the

Primary branches — forming seats aiios whorled. Braets all

shorter than the flower

im genus extends p of th fw

over tropical and eastern subtropical Asia. e two

Australian Species one is -— the other reaches the Salomon Islands

Margin of the leaf-sheaths and etn uite entire. Branches

9f the oblon g panicle in distinct clusters or whorls . 1. P. macrophylla,

Margin o sbo e loa d the petiole OE

crispe Tar sh s — — densel

crowded .. Meg nU im Da , 2. P. erispata.

90 CXXXI. COMMELYNACEJR. [ Pollia.

ied quite entire, the uppermost leaf koih sessile and s jaraai e

almost without any EN Panicle shortly pedunculate above the

last leaf, oblong, 3 . long, the branches colle te in distinct

clusters ‘almost ertiillate each branch rarely above 3 in. long, bear-

ing several flowers short slender pedicels. Bracts amitie: and

long, inner ones rather longer, recorded generally as blue, but in one

instance said to be white. Perfect stamens 3, the 3 others reduced to

staminodia. Fruit ovoid, rather narrow, usually about 3 lines long.

—Aneilema macrophyllum, R. Br. Prod. 270.

Queensland. Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Brisbane River, F. Mueller;

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Fitzroy River, O'Shanesy; Port Denison, Fitzalan.

The species is also in the Salomon Islands.

F. pew See v. 40, unites this and the following species under the name of

P. cyanoco This s specific nam name is quite as applicable to the whole genus as Brown's

original pi paean

ta, Benth.—A weak ascending perimus, rooting al

the base. Leaves lanceolate, acuminate, 4 to 6 in apering at

akaa at kaz lto2in. Flowers rather numerous, rather larger

than in P. macrophylla. Stamens as in that species. Fruit t ovoid,

about 3 lines E —Aneilema crispata, R.Br. Prod. 270; Bauer, Illustr.

Fl. Nov. Holl.

yep Moreton w-7 F. a NN

Wales. Williams River, R Hastings River, A. Cunningham,

pue: Clarence River, Wilcox ; ie Ded "River, Henderson; New England,

C. Stuart ; and southward to Illawarra, 4. | wende

6. CARTONEMA, R. Br.

ote i7. nts all free, 3 outer ones herbaceous, lanceolate, 3

ye : withers obl

opening in pue pores at length continued into lateral slits. Ovary

a with 2 ror age ovules in each ee Style mH, with 4

Cartonema. | CXXXI. COMMELYNACER. 91

simple terminal spikes or racemes, solitary within small or narrow

bracts.

The genus is —— to Australia, the four species regarded by some botanists as

varieties of a single o

T dense. na Filth segments 8. to 9 lines

ike Filaments broad and thin. Anthers narrow,

^ ons 1. C. philydroides,

TE donee Outer ‘perianth-segments 6 to 7 lines

aments narrow ers ren oblong. 2. C. spicatum.

like. ongatod the flowers all distant. b

perianth-segments 3 to 4 lines long. Ben

orton than the anthers 3. C. parviflorum,

thers ovate, much shorter than the fila-

Spikes dense. Outer pe rianth-segments 3 to 4 lines

ts. - 4. C. brachyantherum.

w Axel. Kir Georpe’s Bound to Swan Hiver kopina abundant

Drummond, Preiss, n. 2228. d: nM 7:

2. C. spicatum, R. Br. Prod. Es partly.—Stems branching at

the Mem peg A hairy, er 6 in. high below the spike. Leaves

‘minal pores rarely splitting down the sides of the cells. Ovary and

mecs Pabrik Kn th, Pauia. iv. 115; Bauer, Illustr. Fl. Nov.

;,N- Australia, Arnhem S. Bay, R. Brown; North Goulburn Island, 4. Cunning-

am; Escape Clitfs, Hulse ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 25.

3. C. parviflorum, Hassk. in Flora, 1869, 305.— Less hairy than

` Spieatum, and taller, chieft zuo the Bice ERR "df the spike, the leaves

very long and narrow. Spike loo with the flowers all

distant an and often lengthening to 1 ft. or even m ter perianth-

“ements 3 to 4 lines long, inner suas ality nite oF ees dotted:

92 CXXXI. COMMELYNACES. [ Cartonema.

Filaments very short, anthers oblong, the cells opening in some speci-

ens in terminal pores only, in others the slit extending to the base.

Capsule small, glabrous.

Australia. Islands of the north coast, R. Brown ; Victoria River, F. Mueller ;

north-west coast, Bynoe; Glenelg district, Martin; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 280;

Liverpool River, Gulliver.

This was included by Brown in his C. spicatuin, both forms bear in his herbarium

the specific name of villosa, which was, however, never published,

4. C. brachyantherum, Benth.—A dwarf plant, the stems not

above 1 to 2 in. high below thé spike, the leaves mostly exceeding the

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan.

Orver CXXXII. JUNCACER.

Flowers hermaphrodite or diccious. Perianth inferior, persistent;

with or without a distinct tube, the limb or perianth of 6 lobes or seg-

ments imbricate in 2 series or the outer ones rarely valvate, all or at

least the outer ones, or in diccious species, at least the females glume-

like or rigid, or scarious thin and almost hyaline, the inner ones rarely

al-l

or amphitropous. Style either single with a small terminal stigma, oF

short an ivi i 3 ob

rarel

or tuberous or creeping rhizome, or the stock growing up into a woody

caudex rarely almost arborescent. Flowering stems or scapes leafless

CXXXII.- JUNCACEZR. 93

genera here enumerated, fo g the first three anom tri re limited to A

tralia with the exception of & single species foun in New Cal a rder

comprises E ew alous genera fro rts of the world not found

in Aus hole it is very nearly d to Liliacee, to which some of t

Asa allied to Lilia

genera sake included have been occasionally referred, according as the greatest

weight me eddie ehem to the distinctive characters derived from the perianth the

seed or the habit. h of n following tribes has been roenan by some botanists

as a pao onder, or or "the first three have been united with a few extra-Australian

ra as an in e Or dar etween Liliacee and iMi without however any

gene

common satin | ripe character.

Trine I. Xerotes. Perianth anot, usually dry, Marien or Errare at least in the

females, rarely be petal-like. Anthers versatile, att ached a the back between the

basal lobes, ua 3-celled, with l laterally attached bale in Br cell.

Style poe with 3 ronucvod branches.

ae aves i in n radi Montag eafy stems, not

inged above the shea 1. XEROTES.

Flowers hermaphrodite, Style subulate, with a small ter-

minal s

gen smooth, Leaves in raion! ints bordered when

ung by a scarious lacerated m . . 2, CHAMJEXEROS.

Capsule muricate. Leavy veritas kan leafy stems . . s ACANTHOCARPUS.

n Z£anthorrheze UE per sot gie Pin inner thin and scarious

petal-like, the flowers usually small, Anthers entire at both ends, versatile, dorsally =

pte i die: the middle. Sty tyle subul late with a es terminal stigma. Caudex either

ery short, thick, and har d, or elongated and woody.

Perianth-segments all free. owy 3-ceìled, with few

ovules in each cell, Flowers in long dense cylindri-

cal spikes, on a long wap à or pe uncle . 4. XANTHORRH £A,

Outer LE ae nts united in a tube. Ovary 1- celled,

: 3 (o ften « sd 1 perfect) ovules erect from a bas

Senis fios in diei heads on a maro]

peduncle

. : - + » 6. Dasypocon.

Trine IIT. Calectasiese. Perianth- -segments all rigid, Sape oe Anthers

bacs Style twiet teith a meiit ter "eni eis Flowers rather lar

Perianth Ó

à 3-celled in l erect ome in each ce

pepeng tted. Caudex vem and woody.

in gloi xev heads on dapi nal peduncles aia in

. many sheathing bra . . 6. Kine.

Stamens dad. Cose s long and solitary within a

: rigid radical lea y ieo cde DAXTREUA,

Perianth hy Cra: €— usually blue, with a cylin radii.

ary l-celled with 3 erect centra

_ Flowers solitary on the short branches rof ra Le 8. CALECTASIA,

Tar E IV, Eujunceæ, Perianth small, the segments all free and glume-like. Anthers

ou Sig with 3 lin 3 iaa stigmatic branches. Leaves grass-like or terete, mostly radical

Ovary 1-celled, with 3 erect ovules . 9. LUZULA.

Ovary 1-c -celled, or more or less perfectly 3-celled, with

Several often many ovules to each placenta . . : 4d. aioe

Trine I, XzRorEX. Perianth small, ba dry scarious or hya-.

94 CXXXII. JUNCACER.

line at least in the females, rarely almost petal-like. Anthers versatile,

attached at the back between the basal lobes. Ovary 3-celled, with 1

laterally attached ovule in each cell.

l. XEROTES, Banks.

Flowers dicecious. Males: Perianth of 6 segments or lobes all equal

and similar, free or united to the middle, or more frequently the 3 outer

free from the base thin and hyaline or scarious, the 3 inner more petal-

rudimentary or entireiy defi Fe th persistent,

usually of mer consistence than in the males, of 6 equal and similar

segments. Stamens none or reducéd small clavate staminodia.

Ovary sessile, 3-celled, with 1 (or rarely 2?) erect ovules laterally

stigmatic lobes. Capsule nearly globular, surrounded by the persistent

perianth, coriaceous, smooth and shining or transversely wrinkled or

— noe ae wm striate, opening loculicidally in 3 valves. Seeds

ovoi i

adnate, not black ; albumen rather hard; embryo linear or very short,

erect from the base of the seed.—Stems tufted on a very short or

' creeping rhizome or stock, either densely leafy at the base only or

slender elongated and leafy. Scapes or peduncles either very short or

the inflorescence sessile in the tufts of radical leaves or at the ends of

The genus is nearly limited to A li dis : ia HN

Caledonia. Some of the wi ustralia, one species only being also

collections ; and when present, the unc f their being correctly the

bit, especially in inflorescence, between wo sexes being gesserit

z In wn's herbarium, the labels are unfi tely not correct

work. There are, however, numbers or other indications in the herbarium which,

with the aid of diagnoses, have enabled me to identify the whole ofthe species with

tolerable certainty. _

Secr. I. Bux

or branched rhachis. Female inflorescence similar or more simple. Perianth-segments

~ from the base in both sexes or in the males the inner ones a hortly united. Leaves

densely crowded or tufted on the very short or slightly elongated leafy stem (except in E

peduncles terminal,

eames Ee

a a tte e reete rte me m ues

Xerotes. | CXXXII. JUNCACER. 95

Sexes I. Glomeratee.—Male flowers sessile and numerous in sessile clusters, Cap-

sules Beir or M ly so

stamens attached to the centre 2 the inner

ianth-4 segments. Bracts obtuse and shor

Paianth about m her longs all the niue free from

the base, thi d bro 1, X, Banksii.

Perianth about 1 line a: the inner segments connate

id.

ear the middle , ‘ > 2 X, dura,

Stamens wd attached to the base ofthe segmen nts.

Bracts, at least the lower ones, with su bulate points

cantly exceeding the flowers, eins often rigidly

2-toothed at the apex, Eastern 3. X, longiflora,

Bracts scarious, obtuse, or very eint: vith short points,

estern species.

Leaves flat, 2 or more lines broa

Leaves thick a nd rigid, under i ft. mostly 2-toothed

end, Male scapes from the lower axils , 4, X. rigida.

en eei 1 ` long; entire, Female scapes ter- :

inal, ve 00.5 « 0. X, Drummondii,

Di thick or bist. ane 1 line broad.

Leaves athe thick, Scapes above 6 in, Tong p. & o rid

ves filifo Mae under 4 in, lon, «X. o0

Seres II, Pascic ulatæ.— Male flere n numer ie in FORT IRAE uh dE an X.

Bini but on pedicels vetet the B

Capsule transvers rsely rugo stern species,

Flowers numerous, in distinct cl lusters € the branches

of pP crisi or along a simple rhachi: - 8, X. multiflora,

Flowers all erect and irregular riy clustered in a small

- narrow compact panicle. EX f . 9. X. tororid.

Capsule smooth, Western speci

Leaves glabrous, linear or filiform, Male flow

distinct clusters ; perianth-segments me with

teen d x gom "E

Leave hairy o he back at least at the base A X seri

yeiga glabrous, "at above 1 line broad, with thickened

*Male lower dark purple in tines clusters or rarely

a single ean aes hea . 12, X. purpurea,

Male f flowers gods oured in ‘small. clusters, all con-

ous o; edcus 80 in a terminal spike (48, .X. Pre

A Ser ERIES II —Sparsifloræ.— Male le flowers pedicellate or rarely sessile, a scat-

tred in simple racemes or loose panicles, rarely here and there 2 cr 3 tog ether,

les loose ( ery short es). Perianth-

on v 8. sca

Hy ements all similar, , usually narrow or

yaline bracts "um prominent, Pe sid “segments

ong.

te 4)

pone minute, Perianth- -segmen ents scarcely 1 line long: "i x demo

anicles less branched or reduced to simple racemes. Inner

perianth-segments thicker than the outer, usually ovate

or broad,

noe Ba of the stems short and tufted.

ers pedicellate, in a € loose panicle or

simple raceme, Eastern erm speci . 16. X. filiformis,

Flowers Eo nei in a simple bd spike. Western

17. X. eespitosa.

Sg ag x clongated. Leaves filiform. Racemes

reg Western species «os MM M —— de

ll Ooyhalógyus. M. wers „i in edil ori ird y pedunculate elust:

heb une rmn din e ei, d the pertanth ni ew ty int

96 CXXXII JUNCACEE. ` [ Xerotes.

6 equal-lobes, Female flowers sessile in solitary y sessile or very y shortly peduneulate heads, the

perianth divided to the base into 6 equal : segments, Leafy stems dien elongated, especially

in the females, the scapes or peduncles terminal or in the upper

Male sakda sers 1 line or scarcely longer in several Met

numerous cluster

Leafy Deus Emi, with short twisted leaves. Female ;

perianths zs. rigid in globular se ssile heads - 19. X. flexifolia.

ted

re than g. e flowers of X. flexifolia 20. X. glauca.

Leafy bas ofi the Pide very short. Leaves above 1 ft.

mal ads i

e heads very scarious on very short

Sheathing 1 bases of sat ves seed Scarious mar rgins

tting into numerous filam Eastern Don M. 21. X, elongata.

Sheathing bases of the “eaves tok poor into fila- :

estern speci . 22. X, rupestris,

Leafy biae of the Mois T aqui E veral inches long. Leaves `

o 1 ft., the shea athing base splitting into filam ents,

Fem en heads S scarious estern species | 23. X. collina.

Male flowers often 2 lines e Paga or few heads, “Leafy

se of the stems very s short

Male flowers unknown: Feinale ipe (perhaps not

normal) split into masses of hair-like s 25. X. turbinata,

24. X, suaveolens,

Secr. III. Scheenoxeros.—Baryen stems iu la e sheathing scales at

the base. Flowering super very short and leafless, with 2 or 3 flower heads, males and

females near ly similar

racts scarious, en Western species . X spartea.

Bracts fringed or siti into hairs. S, Australian. species . E X. juncea.

Secr. IV. Typhopsis.—Fiowe eads or spikes globular or 2 very dense, the

bracts split soaps dense pest of d y ei "s, males ar r ar i milai

Leafy base very short, Leaves 1t 28, X. leucocephala.

Secr. i. ostachya. — Flower-clusters Ss y aces) ina long terminal ty-

lindrical spike with se a tract. make and fem Y milar.

i fy base of the stems very short, Leaves 2 to 3 3 ft. tine 29. X. hastilis.

cr . EuxEROTES.— Male flowers paniculate or racemose Or

aieri Ti a simple or branched rhachis. Female inflorescence

Sers I. GrowrRATX.— Male flo owers sessile and numerous i

sessile clusters. Capsule smooth or nearly «o

1 ft.. long and about. 3 lines broad, the = bases with narrow

nd rgins. — em not long E the inflorescence. ^

flowers forming: a panicle of 8 in, to 1 ft: with long spreading ope

elustered branches, the P rh sessile in globular duas sessile along

the branches and at eir base. Bracts Aumergas, hyaline,

shorter than the Sa aad Perianth-segments all equal; ovate, thit

Xerctes.] CXXXII. JUNCACER. 97

numerous flowers, or with a short branch bearing a small cluster pro-

ceeding from the lowest cluster. Capsule about 3 lines diameter,

smooth or scareely wrinkled.

Queensla Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Cooktown, Fitzalan ; Capo

York Peninsula, Hann’s Expedition ; Cape York, Daemel ; frequent in islands off the

sek C. Moore ; and apparently the same species, New Caledonia, Vieillard and

2. X. dura, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 425 Fragm. viii.

207.— Leafy base of the stem very short. Leaves 1 to 2 ft. long,

mostly about 2 lines broad, rigid, flat or convex underneath, the sheath-

ing base scarious on the margin. Scape short, thick, slightly flattened.

Panicles both male and female much branched and very rigid, with

small bracts and small flowers sessile or nearly so in numerous clusters

at and along the ramifications. Male perianth campanulate, about

1 line long, the outer segments thin, ovate, obtuse, free from the base,

the inner us as long, but more petal-like and united at least to 4 of

s. Australia, Lofty ranges, F, Mueller ; in the interior, M* Dougal Stuart.

Mis Ass longifolia, R. Br. Prod. 262.— Leafy base of the stems very

Renee tufted. Leaves radical or nearly so, 1 to 2 ft. long, flat or

B UJ concave, varying from 1 to 3 lines iu width, rather rigid, mostly

f at the apex, with a short membranous sheathing base. Scape

rom under : ft, to nearly 2 fc. high including the inflorescence, much

in the females. Bracts under the clusters shortly broad at the

; usually with long rigid subulate points, sometimes all far ex-

broad ay, Bracts or bracteoles subtending or enclosing the flowers

the “Sa hyaline, shorter than the perianths, often very numerous in

un, V. Int ited i sr each flower in the males.

Perianth ewer or united into one under each flower in

dlwave tying from 1 to nearly 2 lines in length, usually but -

always larger

Tor r in the females than in the males, the 3 outer segmen

YII. p H

98 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [Xerotes.

rudimentary ovary. apsule shortly protruding from the persistent

perianth, ovoid or almost globular, 2 to 3 lines diameter, hard, smooth

and shining.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 63; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 210;

"us E 1839, t. 3; Lomandra longifolia, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 92,

Queensland. Broad Sound and Thirsty Sound, R. Brown ; from Moreton Bayı

F. Mueller and others, 5 Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;

urdekin River, F. Muell

N.S. Wales. Port i Ji ackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and many others

very abund ant in the northern districts, Fr aser, C, Stuart, oor and many others}

in the interior to the E and Barcoo Rivers, Fraser,

Victoria , Robertson, common about M Sibouthe and along the Yarm,

Adamson, E S ke Kad others rs, ascending on Mount Barklay to 5000 ft., E x

Tasman: = eng abundant on rds and moist iesus re pughout

colony, J. D. Res

South Au m Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller,

This species varies ap Apoo in the length and breadth of the Ivet je much

more conspicuously in th and

ramification of the panicle, in ur of Hf

eri shini colourless and sree a

according to collectors when fresh from a golden yellow to black or yellowish white,

and especially in mber and len f minent subulate bracts

the specimens kno ere but few, they seemed to present several distinct forms

which are now found to pass so gradually into each other that we are com

unite the following species par M Brown e 262) : ar Le. giis Br.

from Port n asm

bracts to each cluster, very divaricate, subulate, and 3 to lin. long, whilst th s

mall. it also ohne P fco et in the northern districts

of N.S. Wales, Another paniculate y, with the ara sedate few and very

— was gathered by F, Mueller on yt S d's River and s er localities

ut the specimens are old and the longer bracts probably ies as away

to 4 in. long including the inflorescence sie

t is shortly branched at the base.

Xerotes.] CXXXII. JUNCACER. 99

attached to the base of the segments, those opposite the outer segments

with mueh shorter filaments than the others. No rudimentary ovary.

Female flowers and fruits unknown.— Lomandra rigida, Labill. PI.

Nov. Holl. i. 93, t. 190.

Ww. Australia, Labillardiére. Lucky Bay, R. Browne; Cape Arid, Maxwell,

5. X, Drummondii, F. Muell. Herb.— Leafy base of the stem very

short. Leaves 1 to 2 ft. long, rather rigid, flat, 2 to 3 or rarely 4 lines

broad, mostly rounded at the apex, the imbricate sheathing bases

H .

Pad: Australia, Drummond, n. 59. This may possibly prove to be the real

male of X. Sonderi, if the very different female specimens gathered by F. Mueller

a8 such be Properly referred to X. odore or X. Endlicheri.

A X.S nderi, F. Muell. Fragm, vii. 206.— Leafy base of the

Sem very short. Leaves Lto 2 ft. long, rather rigid, flat, 1 to 21

W. Australi . rfr PER à Ex

i a. King George’s Sound and ad oining districts, Preiss, n, 1559

Drummond, n. 209 and 364, F, p, ueller. : i ;

viii morn Specimens gathered by F. Mueller and referred to this species (Fragm.

ear are precisely similar to those of X. Endlicheri, and have not the foliage of

e X. Sonderi, which much more nearly resembles that of X. Drummondii.

Tracts 8 =

al and free from ; eae

i the base, ovate, about 4 line long. Stamens

reina to the base of the segments. Female flowers and fruit

w. Austral; :

Appears. te Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. ; Preiss, n. 1529. This species

Which E me to be n

~ Muelle; re

early allied to X. Sonderi, rather than to X. Endlicheri, to

it, wee

fers it, Fragm. viii. 205.

y H 2

100 CXXXII. JUNCACER, [ Xerotes.

SERIES TI. Fascrcvunar®.—Male flowers pedicellate and numerous in

sessile clusters (irregular in X. sororia).

lower clusters. Flowers sessile, longer than in the males, the perianth- —

the valves rigidly coriaceous, marked with more or less prominent

transverse wrinkles.— X. Brownei, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 206.

N. Australia. Islands off the north coast, R. Brow

. Queensland, Endeavour River and Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Keppel

Bay, R. Brown; Moreton Bay, Flood; Peak Downs, F. Mueller; Rocka

Thozet, O'Shanesy, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Port D ;

Fitzalan. N

N Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others; Ne

. S. Wales. ree

England, €. Stuart ; Hastings River, Beckler; Richmond River, Fawcett ;

River, Wilcox. rtland,

ictoria. Wendu Vale, Robertson ; Glenelg River, F. Mueller; Po

Allitt.

S. Australia. Encounter Bay, Whittaker,

The species varies much in the degree of ramification of the panicle, ei »

ecimens described by R. Brown, Prod. 262, as X. distans and X. emt d

all only slizht varieties of one specie

9. X. sororia, F. Muell. in Herb. Kew. Habit of the long rigil

narrow-leaved forms of X. filiformis, but the panicles small, very narro

and compact, with very short erect branches or reduced to a sib it

spike, and the flowers all erect and very shortly pedicellate. - Frui

in the Rockhampton specimens) rather longer than in X. filiform

deeply marked with transverse wrinkles,

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Bowen River, Rockhampto®

Bowman,

Victoria. Mount M‘Ivor, €. Stuart ; Grampians, F, Mueller.

. S. Australia. St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

, a "2.8 m

he north coast, and X. media and x. multiflora

s. :

Xerotes.] CXXXII. JUNCACEJE. 101

The specimens from all the localities are few or single only, and the species

requires further illustration. It may prove to be a remarkably aberraut form o

X. multiflora,

W. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. aud

í 2 Harvey, Pr.iss, n. 1530, F Mueller, Oldfield and others; Port Gregory, Old-

Xin . The Swan River specimens have usually smaller flowers than those from

g George's Sound, but do not otherwise differ.

glli X. sericea, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 51,—Closely allied to Æ.

ndlicheri, of which F. Mueller (Fragm. viii. 206) thinks Oldfield's

V dria may be a variety, with the lower part of the leaf sprinkled on

e back and margins with long loose soft hairs not observed in any

branchin and compact panicle than in X. End/icheri, the pedicels very

ort lowers small but otherwise the same as in X. Endlicheri.

ane Australia. Grantham, Preiss, n. 1542 ; Harvey River, Oldfield ; Hampden,

- lhave not seen Preiss's typical specimens, but the single ones from the two

Stations agree with Endlichers imperfect character, The species requires

on,

«12. X. purpurea, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 49.—Leafy base of the

split very short and tufted, when old often surrounded by numerous

Pt remains of old sheaths. Leaves very rigid, under 1 ft. long, 1 to

Sea, es broad, thick, strongly striate, with prominent thick margins,

n im

102 CXXXI. JUNCACER. [ Xerotes.

acuminate, the inner ones and bracteoles much shorter broad and

obtuse. Perianth rotate, spreading to abou ines diameter, the

segments all equal or the inner rather broader and almost petal-like.

nthers small, the bright yellow contrasting with the deep purple

of the segments. Rudimentary ovary very small, conical, obtusely 3-

angled. Female flowers unknown.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst eoll. Preiss, n. 1534 ; Vasse River,

Oldfield ; Blackwood River, Mrs. Hard; Upper Hay River, Miss Warburton; Lake

uir, Muir.

Var. capitata. Inflorescence reduced to a single ovoid or globular terminal head,

the pedicels short, but the flowers those of X. purpurea, not of X, Preissii.— Upper

ay and Kalgan Rivers, F. Mueller, Miss Warburton.

close or slightly interrupted at the base. Male flowers much smaller

than in X. pur,

"EP ;

dense globular clusters, all contiguous or the lower ones shortly distant.

otherwise as in X. of rates e

male, but the flowers fewer sessile and rather larger. Ovary obtusely

triquetrous, with a very short conical style and 3 large recurved stig-

matic lobes. Stamens usually present, but with small imperfect anthers.

Fruit of X. Endlicheri, but much smaller.

WV. Australia. King Georges Sound, Marwell; Swan River, Drum-

mond, lst coll. and n. 807 and 808; Pries, n. 1032; Cape Naturaliste,

Oldfield,

_ Serres IIT. Sparsirtorz#.—Male flowers pedicellate or rarely sesti

singly scattered in simple racemes or loose panicles, rarely here an

there two or three together.

filaments. Flowers in slender s

sessile within the tuft of leaves,

and pedicels very prominent, hyaline, ovate or lanceolate. Male flowe

scattered along the branches, on filiform pedicels shorter than or mo

j Vesey or rarely with a seco?

preading panicles of 2 to 4 in., pearly

Searious b

————

E E EA

)

Xerotes.] OXXXII. JUNCACER. 103

longer than the males. Capsule fully 4 lines diameter, E i es striate

Tp ige.— X. fr ene F. qeu ; Sond. in Linnea, 19

S. Wales. In the in lowes; towards the Murray pest Mitchell.

led Portland, VET Mum River, Beckler.

S. Austr ‘rom St. Vincent's Gulf to the Murray, F. Mueller and others ;

ia.

York + aoe Miss aes

W.A alia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. € 1.811; Port Gregory and

Murchison 1 River, Oldfi:ld ; Champion Bay, Miss Gueri

each bra nearly sessile or the pedicel not Hero the perianth,

Perontbscgnont all equal, very spreading, about 1 line long, dark

M ad Female inflorescence much less branched and

quite visos the Qe ers larger than in the males, often reflexed,

the e segments more rigid and less spreading. Ca sule de pressed-glo-

bular, nearly 3 lines res pt quite smooth, the persistent perianth

clo osely appressed to its bas

kipsin Wimmera, kig y; d mpra William, Sullivan.

Australia. ice field, F. ; Port Linc oln, Wiihe

- Australia. Kin owed 8 rend, Muir ; Swan Ri iver, rac ein lst coll.

Guan, =; Preiss, An. 1531

Panic] h Muell. “Leaves above 1 ft. long, flat, at least 2 lines broad.

P iban, toa, 6 to 10 in. long.—Mount Wellington, "Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

ps a distinct species.

des X. filiformis, R. Br. Prod. 261.—Stems tufted, on a short hard

x E sometimes forming a very short branching caudex. Leaves

cal, narrow- linear, sometimes almost terete and filiform, frequently

and

calcat or flat 1 to 2 lines broad or vey rarely even broader;

SaL. yp ss specimens ls Lio 2 ft. long, in dwart specimens or varieties

Feri mn., varying as other species nih or slightly scabrous.

ü pe very short ks the inflorescence, terete or flat. Panicle

Ee W-pyramidal, n almost reduced to simple raceme of 2

i on the leaf-tufts, and varying from that to a

agta of 6 in. on a s or 3 in., but always mueh shorter ae

in.

the aee the branches short, the lowest often clustered.

pedi » globular or Vara scattered along the Mic on short ideis

he ped cels, each subte ded by a narrow acute scarious bract shorter than

edicel. Pathasith-por sein 1 to 1} lines ae Benya larger in

bits than in the males, the inner ones ovate or orbieular rather

and petallike, the outer thinner shorter and greenish. Fila-

ET! Short, 3 attached to the centre of the inner Ma unas 3

te with them at see ae base. No rudimentary ovary in the males

di ‘Staminodia in the Capsule gncil-plobelar; about 8 oe

r, often oblique by the AATA of 1 or 2 of the cells, the peri-

104 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Xerotes.

carp smooth, hard or almost fleshy, tardily opening —Dracena fili-

Jems Thunb, Diss. Drac. 4, fig. 1; Xerotes Thunbergii, F. Muell. Fragm.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller and others ; Darling Downs, Law

Cooper's Cre E imde wman ; ; Bockhampton, O'Shanesy ; Rockingham Bay, pers

Port Ja R. Brown, Sieber, n. 496. we others ; Hastings,

Clarence, aces, and Ric = at Rivers, Bechler. Wileox,

ictoria., Wendu Vale, d aeg common abou t Port Phillip ‘and on the Yarra,

Gunn, F. Mueller and others ; Grampians, S Mueller ; ; East Gipps’ Land, Walter.

S. stralia. st, Vincent’s Gulf, F*x.

I should include as scarcely distinct vari:ties of X. a f 25 asat others p ipa

by Brown, Prod. 261, as s species, all from Port Jackso rather broad P. d

leaved form, X. gracilis a long slender-leaved form, X. d d pei rked by mi "m

in the Prodrom M.), finer I non am cm than the typical X. filiformis, an

apiri very ien i with short lea

1M. czespitosa, i eig -—Leafy base of the stem very short, E.

densely tufted on the rhizome. Leaves y ry narrow, sabulate or il

Seapes 2 in. long including the spike, which is usually simple pe

continuous or slightly interrupted. Male ers sessile, Mr :

solitary within the 8, An sometimes 2 ose togethe

somewhat potable e. Stamens 3 attached to t ner ae E

their base alternate with them; anther-cells des attached to

small connective. Ov. mall rudiment pikes (if pro-

edicels, Perianth-segments about 2 lines long, all rigid, rather nat-

row, the inner rather longer than the outer.

W. Australia. King eee s ee and Swan yigi Oldfield, Dr gemi

coll. and n. 810 and 817 ; Alban ueller. There are two varieties, yer

longer rather broader leaves, 221 ane spikes, ~~ coloured perianth-se ted

inner ones broadly vien theother with mese ves, more slender and interrp

male spikes, dark coloured perian pde Fix ones almost orbicular.

"d their heat bases narrow and striate, not s ci

terminal, filiform, simple or scarcely branched, suae eee the ie i

lowers few, nodding, solia within subulate scattered bracts mos t T

shorter thet: the pedicel, west bracts rather longer and

uppermost minute or Rec es | pedicels varying from 1 to 2

i 1

tre of the inner segments, $ on short filaments skrasiti p

them. Ovary a small rudiment. Female perianth narrow-turbin p

about 23 lines long, the inner Segments obovoid-oblong, thick

Xerotes.] CXXXII. JUNCACEA. 105

concave but less so than in the males, the outer shorter as in the males,

but not so thin. Capsules about 3 lines diameter, smooth and shining.

—. graminea, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 48; X. asparagoides, Endl. 1.

c. 49,

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Fraser, A. Cunningham and

many others; thence to Swan River, Preiss, n. 1556, 1557, Oldfield and others.

The letters J. and M. attached in Brown’s Prodromus severally to X. paucifl ra

and X. tenuifolia have by some clerical or typographical error been transposed, and

pauciflora to the King George's Sound plant with elongated

leafy stems, and that of X. tenuifolia to the Port Jackson stemless plant which I have

1 . *

Section II. CEPRALOGYNE.—Male flowers sessile in sessile or rarely

unculate clusters or heads, usually several on a common simple or

branched rhachis ; perianth divided to the middle only into 6 equal

lobes. Female flowers sessile in solitary sessile or very shortly pedun-

culate heads; perianth divided to the base into 6 equal segments.

Leafy stems often elongated, especially the females, the scapes pe-

duncles or sessile heads terminal or in the upper axils.

19. X. flexifolia, R. Br. Prod. 260.—Stamens slender, branching,

leafy throughout, diffuse or ascending, rarely above 1 ft. long. Leaves

linear, Spreading, much twisted when dry, mostly 1 to 15 in. long, their

closely avpressed sheaths covering the branches. Male flowers in

dense globular clusters of about 3 lines diameter, sessile along the

ranches of a narrow panicle of 1 to 3 in., sessile or shortly pedunculate

T the upper axils. Bracts small, scarious, obtuse. erianth scarcely

line long, nearly globular, shortly divided into 6 nearly equal obtuse

obes, Stamens ‘all inserted on the lobes below the middle.

rudimentary ovary. Female heads larger, solitary and closely sessile

amongst the leaves. Perianth of 5 distinct lanceolate or ovate-acumi-

hate segments, lj lines long or when in fruit 2 lines. No staminodia.

vvaty very prominently 3-angled. Capsule not exceeding the perianth.

——Dracena obliqua, Thunb. Diss. Drac. Bre

a S. Wales. Port J ackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 432 or

and many others,

20. X, glauca, R. Br, Prod, 260.—A low tufted species, the leafy

ually short but sometimes especially in the females

ing out to 5 or 6 in., and densely covered by the leaf-sheaths.

es narrow-linear, spreading, mostly 2 to 3 in. long but sometimes

ifolia and their sheathing bases more or less split into

low nts. Male inflorese simple or shortly branched from the

Pas. Clusters, the flowers small, in globular clusters along the rhachis.

anth er 1 line long, pale-coloured, globul panulate,

106 CXXXII. JUNCACES. [ Xerotes.

divided to near the middle into 6 equal lobes. Stamens all inserted on

the lobes below the middle. No rudimentary ovary. Female heads

much larger, closely sessile or very shortly pedunculate amongst the

upper leaves. Perianth-segments ovate-lanceolate, 14 to near 2 lines

long. Capsule scarcely exceeding the perianth, slightly marked with |

ok,

transverse wrinkles,—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 63 ; ; X. mucronata, Sieb. Pl.

Exs. not of R. Br.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brow n, Sieber, n. 433 or

488 and Sd en. Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

S dga tori Wendu Va i Robertson ; Wimmera, Dalak hy.

Paar yest be in gravelly soil near Penguite, Norfolk Plains, ete,

Gunn = nes

tralia. St. Vincent’ r soe F. Mueller, Behr. and others; Venus Bay,

oiu Rivoli Bay, F. Muel

Var. occidentalis, Leafy base of the stem not on aq vue densely filamentose,

bed a inflorescence more branched than in the on X. glauca ; females

not se

a Australia. Cape Paisley and Esperance Bay, Maxwell. Possibly a distinct

species,

21. X. elongata, Benth. —Leafy base of the stem very short.

Leaves 1 to 1} ft. long, very neon, indi sheathing bases rather a

prominent, with long points exceeding the flowers. Perianth stipitate

within the braet, divided nearly to the base into petal-like segmen

above 1 line long.

Moreton Island, F. Mueller

Queensland.

Jute. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart ; "My River and Mount Murchison,

ach

s. ia. Lake Bonney, Herb. F. Mueller (female specimens with leaves

under 1 ft.).

2. X. rupestris, Endl. in Ir Preiss. ii. 50. —Evidently nearly

Ege to X. collina, but the leafy stems do not appear to elongate below

the sheathing bases of the actual ces though the rhizome or stot

may be sometimes slightly elongated. Le eaves very fine, linear-subu-

late, mostly above 1 ft. long, the broad sheathing bases ‘not splitting

into filaments. Male inflo orescence like that a X. collina, but only

seen in very young ipfe in dies 8 specimens; the females dues

] specimens ave the oyoid.globul rominen

us bracts of that t species, TUM pular head me

Xerotes.] CXXXII. JUNCACEJ. 107

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 333 d and 334 9 ; Cape Riche, Preiss, n.

1553.

23. X. collina, R. Br. Prod. 260.— Stems with a branching base

lengthened to several inches, the lower part covered with the persistent

bases of perfect leaves. Leaves very narrow, straight or flexuose, flat

, $-l ft. long, the broad

e s.

ale flower-head ovoid.globular, solitary on a peduncle

ciu than itself. Bracts scarious-hyaline, larger than in the males.

erianths shorter than in the males and more deeply divided but other-

Wise similar, No staminodia. Ovary very prominently triquetrous,

Fruit not seen.

Ww. Australia. Iuc Bay, R. Brown, and probably in the same district

Drummond, ^. 116 and "o y : P r 3

» i ft. long and under 1 line broad, the old: sheathing bases splitting

nto filaments. Male scapes including the inflorescence ong,

Anthers narrow-oblong, shortly lobed at each

vi short filaments attached to the base of the lobes. No rudi-.

ment of the ovary.—X. umbrosa, Endl. 1. c.

iy: Australia, Swan river, Drummond, 1st. coll. and n. 818; Preiss, n. 1535,

? Cape Lewin, Collie,

but ne, Berianths in X, umbrosa are much smaller than in the typical X. suaveolens,

same all other respects the same. Drummond’s n. 814 is probably the female of

Species, leaves are broader (about 1 line), the flower-hea r

r larger than in the males ;

longer, nearly 4 lines, with narrow lobes longer than the

gled

? i LJ t

"uh X, turbinata, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 51.—Stems densely

1g. lo - leafy base very short. Lies terete, acute, mostly about

"8, but ‘in some specimens shorter, the outer ones short with

108 CXXXII. JUNCACES. [ Xerotes.

thing margins. Scapes 1 to 2 in. long, bearing a single ovoid-tur-

binate head 5 or 6 lines diameter. Bracts lanceolate-linear, very acute

and rigid. Perfect flowers unknown, but in all the rather numerous

specimens both of Preiss and Drummond there is within each bract

what appears to be a perianth split nearly to the base into a dense tutt

of long hairs enclosing an apparently imperfect narrow ovary, tapering

into a short style, with minute spreading stigmatie lobes. Capsules

(which I have not seen) transversely wrinkled according to

Endlicher.

W. Australia. Swan river, Preiss, n. 1540 ; Drummond, n. 330.

Drummond's n. 124 may possibly be the male of this species, but the flowers are

all fallen away from the specimens, leaving a short rhachis which had probably borne

several heads.

Section III. SonaNoxERos.— Barren stems rush-like, leafless except

sheathing scales at the base. Flowering scapes very short and

leafless, with 2 or 3 flower-heads, the males and females nearly

similar.

enclosed in several sheaths and not dilated into a sheath at the base),

terete, slender but rigid, 1 to 2 feet long. Flowering scapes attach

to i i

W. Australia. Darling Range, rare, Preiss, n. 1533.

27. X. juncea, F. Muell. in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 333.—Stems

numerous, tufted on a creeping rhizome, leafless except sheathing

scales covering the base for about 1 in., of which 1 or 2 sometimes

bear a short lamina ; barre i

terete, rigid, rush-like, ending in a pungent point, mostly under 1 ft.

high. Flowering scapes very much shorter, attached to the rhizomes

with a terminal globular head 3 or 4 lines diameter, and 2 or 3 others

lower down sessile and enclosing the seape. B

as the perianth, split into a hairy fringe as in X. leucocephala, but not

nearly so deeply. Flowers only Known from the remnants of some

D———

Ug NTOIHRESERS AID s

Xerotes.] CXXXII. JUNCACEJE. ` 109

old ones, apparently like those of X. leucocephala. Capsule y tas

— shortly acuminate, 3- furrowed; smooth, about

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, Wilhelmi.

on IV. Tyrnorsrs.—Flower-heads or spikes globular or

Src

ic eam very dense, the bracts split into dense masses of woolly

hairs ; males and females similar.

Kika a bien: 1 "ine broa d. iti scarious vitet at the bine split into

long fine filaments, and red here and there by a few filaments

fishin tip: capes much sorter: rarely attaining 1 ft., slender and

"y rudimentary at the bottom of the tube. Female flower-heads

sometimes amely pl i the males, but more frequently HE

sone spike ter perianth-segments rather ge

proportion to the inner. Ovary obovoid, almost stipitate. Fruit

eDovoid, acuminate, hard and shining.— X. filam entosa, A. Cunn. MS. ;

in Duperr. Voy. Bot. 183, t. 35; X. typhina, Lindl. in Mitch.

Three Exp

DoSesensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Port tas, M'Gillivray; Darling

ut Law ; Curriwi ROLE Dalton ; Boyne, Hartma

deis es. In the N. W. interior, Fraser, A. Diei E, New England,

hhardt ; RS des River, €. Moore ; : Mudge CUN Woolls ; Murray River, deg oda ;

and Darling Rivers and thence to the Barrier Range, : PP oats

Espeition

ictoria. N, W. districts, Z. Mort and others

am^ alia. Enc nter Bay, Whitt St. Vincent's ( Gulf, F. Mueller and

Lake Gairdner, Babbage ; bash iof Fowler s Bay, G

— NV. Ma votes ici gib iin closely arranged in

and nal cylindrical spike with scarious not filamentose bracts

eat the males and females ies:

110 CXXXII. JUNCACEEX. [ Xerotet,

flowers have fallen away. Periauth campanulate, nearly 2 lines longs

divided in the males almost to the base into 6 nearly equal deeply

attached to the base of the segments, usually rudimentary in the

females, Ovary rudimentary but present in the males, attached by à

broad base to the thick base of the perianth ; in the females also

broadly attached, aeuminate. Capsule broadly obovate, aca

ard, 3-furrowed, rather longer than the perianth.—Endl. .in. Pl

Preiss. ii. 51.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; in various places to the east-

ward, but rare, Maxwell, Drummond, n. 331, Preiss, n. 1551

all consolidnted into the long spike above described, with something of the aspect

of a Xanthorrhea,

2. CHAM ÆXEROS, Benth.

s j

slits. Ovary 3-eelled, with 1 ovule laterally attached in each Re

style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Fruit unknown, proba 4

1e same as in Xero/es, — Tufte pereunials, with the habit of som

scarious lacerated margin. Seapes short. Flowers pedicellate, ™

sessile clusters, with short imbrieate scarious bracts.

The genus is limited to West Australia, and has been included in Xerotes, pi

which it differs in the flowers mostly hermaphrodite and the filiform undivi ge

yle, neither of which characters, any more than the lacerated margins of the leav

ur in any of the numerous species known of Xzrotes.

Leaves flat. - Scapes with a single terminal globular flower-

head or umbel Be Cea ete’ dau: co accu ek ca T d^ Basrm

Leaves terete. Scapes with a branching panicle of small

flowea-dediep 1. ee US

2. C. fimbriata.

1. C. Serra, Benth.—Stems densely tufted, the very short base

covered with imbricated sheathing scales. Leaves in radical tufts,

Chamezeros. | | CXXXII. JUNCACEA, 111

umbel or cluster of numerous flowers, the very numerous scarious

imbricate bracts and very broad bracteoles forming an obovoid or

globular head 3 to 4 lines diameter. Pedicels filiform, 2 or 3 times as

long as the bracts. Perianth-segments narrow, about ines long.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. and n. 819; Preiss, n. 1539 ;

Stirling Range, F. Mueller.

2. C. fimbriata, Benth.— Leaves distichously sheathing on the ver

short base of the stem, erect, often curved, rigid, terete or slightly

flattened, 1 to l$ in. long, the younger ones bordered by a narrow

along the branches, the filiform pedicels usually at least as long as the

peranth. Perianth-segments oblong, a little more than 1 li

Anthers small, on filiform filaments. Ovules apparently perfect in the

owers examined — Xerotes fimbriata, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 211

Ww, Australia, Drummond, n. 329.

3. ACANTHOCARPUS, Lehm.

almost hyaline with a more opaque centre. Stamens 6, 3 attached to the

ase of the in

r led,

: ovule laterally attached in each cell apsule globular, 3-valved,

muricate. S hi

genus is li the single Australian species, differing from Xerotes like

Chameceros chiefly in the Fabi, arr flowers and undivided style.

Preissii, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 274.— Habit nearly of

sheeting shrub of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves numerous, with. long striate

aths covering the branches, the blade s ing, linear, rigid, from

g y preading, linear, rigid,

Subulate to almost lanceolate, } to nearly 2 in. long, straight or slightly

112 CXXXII. JUNCACE X: T Acanthocarpus

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 304, 820, Preiss, n. m

3298; Murchison River, Oldfield: Rottenest and Dirk Hartog’s Islands. 4.

Cunningham.

nth, but

Preis e outer-segments herbaceous nor really acute nor 2

in each cell of the capsule as described by Lehmann.

Xerotes mucronata, R. Br. Prod. 260, from Lucky Bay, of which the ecu

erb. Pr. are in leaf only, with slight remains of flowers, may possibly be

Acanthocarpus Preisii,

with a small terminal stigma. Caudex either very short thick and

or elongated and woody.

4. XANTHORRH ZA, Sm.

Perianth persistent, of 6 distinct segments, the 3 outer glume-like,

erect, concave or almost hoodshaped at the top, 3- or 5-nerved, aci

searious on the margins, the 3 inner much thinner usually 5-nervee,

erect within the outer ones but more or less protruded beyond pe

into a short hyaline or white and petal-like spreading lamina. Stamen

and shining, 3-valved. Seeds 1 or 2 in each cell, chee

ovate or oblong, flat, bordered by narrow margins; testa black, soe

cartilaginous ; embryo linear, transverse in the middle of the seed

closely imbricate bases remaining long persistent. Scape or aet

terminal, hard, often several feet long, terminating in a dense cy

—

AXanthorrhea.] CXXXII. JUNCACER. 113

drical spike of numerous — flowers, closely —À with numerous

braeteoles surrounding each flower within a small or subulate sub-

tending bract. Caudex in ice species Siti à poe dark or

yellow resinous gum

The genus is limited to Australia, where under the name of ‘ egeris or‘ black-

boys’ some of the species form a conspicuous feature in the landsca

Inner p with obovate or orbicular white

laminze cuously spreading above the icem ones.

Spikes short maas 8in.). Caudex very s

ciara r perianth-segments glabrous. eee

sue ^ed Lin. jc od Inner ae -segments

5 lines ms twice as lon 1. X. macronema.

ied or Hte lines diameter. Inner perianth-segmonts

abou ong .

Bracts and My Serien acemenis tipped with a dark

vd pubescen e pe s 3. X. gracilis.

ner perianth- hortly dilated hyaline ‘or

whitish. as, ons "itte ges ihan the outer and

scarcely spreading.

Tene much flat

2. X. minor.

tened, narrow. iam under 1 ft., spike

Lea lin.long . 4. X. pumilio.

ves much flattened and most] y 2 to 3 lines broad

agi b towards the point). Spike 2 to 6 ft. long.

Spike - nsely Sn Payee: ities ex "Y

5. X. hastilis.

Spike iim or ‘nearly so

Bra e em obtusely spa athulate or scarcely &

Caudex aen nt. Eastern Species 6. X. arborea.

firacioclóe- much acumina Caudex very short. `

ls Southern species .

ves ] to Arch d 2 lines broad, the dorsal angle usually

m s and the facial one sometimes acutely prominent.

bending bracts ks subulate points very prominent

7. X. semiplana.

ws b ke.

Ganie very sh sp Spike usually under 1 ft. ap 8. X. bracteata.

€ "ds P ice Mice Spike usually 2

S 9. X. australis.

ubtending bracts concealed. under the practeoles and

perianth. Caudex usually arborescent. Spike

Scape usually spa than the spike. Southern

species 10. X. quadrangulata.

e aly not 80 Jong as the > spiko. Western

11. X. Preissii.

p macronema, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 112.—Caudex not seen.

above 1 ft narrow nearly flat or sentry peri 2 to3 ft. long. Seapes

114 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Xanthorrhea.

long, with white obovate spreading laminz. Stamens nearly twice as

long as the perianth ; anthers ovate-oblong.

Queensland, Moreton Island, M‘Gillivray. ;

N.S. Wales. Hastings River, Bechler; Brunswick and Tweed Riven,

C. Moore.

2. X. minor, R. Br. Prod. 288.—Leaves crowded on the very

short and thick caudex, 1 to 2 ft. long and from 1 to nearly 2 lines

wide, flat but thick or more or less triquetrous. Scape when full

obtuse in the southern ones.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 59; F. Mue

Fragm. iv. 112; Bot. Mag. t. 6297. :

.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Backhouse; Richmond River, Jfr*

Hodgkinson.

Victoria. Wendu Vale, Robertson ; Port Phillip, Melbourne, Dandenong Rang’

F. Mueller and others; French Island, Beveridge; Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller. D

asmania. Abundant, covering in some places large tracts of ground, J. ^

Hooker.

oblong, with concave tips pubescent outside ; inuer segments with ee

white spreading laminz, about 1 line diameter, contrasting with the e

colour of the rest of the spike. Filaments longer than the periant

at first erect, at length spreading; anthers shortly ovate.—F. Mue!

Fragm. iv. 112.

W. A Swan River, Preiss, », 1619; Blackwood River and ye

Naturaliste, Oldfield ; Perongerup, F. Mueller, the latter specimens remarkable

the spiral twist of the bunch of leaves. :

4. X. pumilio, R. Br. Prod. 288.—Caudex not elongated. le

under 1 ft. long, very much recurved, flat, the dorsal midrib but slight!¥

prominent, 1 to 2 lines broad. Scape under 1 ft. high, with a spike

only about 1 in. long, oblong-cylindrical when in flower, ovoid-globula

when in fruit, apparently glabrous, with the obtuse bracteoles

perianth of X. arborea, the flowers smaller than in any other species.

Xanthorrhea.] CXXXII. JUNCACER. 115

Queensland. Port Curtis, 2. Brown, a diminutive species to which I have not

seen any approach in any other collection,

hastilis, R. Br. Prod. 288.—Caudex very short or often

scarcely prominent. Leaves 3 to 4 ft. long, 2 to 3 lines broad, flat in

6 to 8 ft. long below the spike, which attains from 1$ to 2 ft. but is not

so thick as that of X. arborea, and readily known by the dense rusty

tomentum covering the ends of the bracts and outer perianth-seg-

lines long, oblong, 3- or 5-nerved, opaque, concave, scarcely acumi-

nate, pubescent outside ; inner ones very little longer, dilated hyaline

: re ab

spike.—F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 113; Bot. Mag. t. 4722.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and several

` others,

c The Flinders Island specimens “ bracteis perianthiisque imberbibus” referred b

irs rr Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 59 to X. hastilis, must belong to some other species,

having no specimens it is impossible to identify it.

f m X. arborea, R. Br. Prod. 288.— Caudex growing out to several

eet in height with a diameter of 6 to 9 in. Leaves as in X. hastilis

dava "ous, 3 to 4 ft. long and 2 to 3 lines broad. Scape under

e spike attaining 5 or 6 ft. and the spike itself 3 to 4 ft. long, 1 to 14

onte ps. Perianth-segments about3 lines long, 3-nerved, the

: T Ones Concave at the end with a very short obtuse point, either

E labrous or shortly and sparingly pubescent; inner ones scarcely

'ger, the dilated ends hyaline and slightly spreading. Stamens not

uch longer than the : r

er th: perianth. Capsule 7 to8 lines lung, more acumi

hate than in hastilis. : á

and the an; Rockhampton, 0’ Shavesy, Bowman and others, with narrow leaves

feda spike not so thick as in the Port Jackson specimens, but apparently the same

othe, = Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

la, X-semiplana, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 111.— Caudex not elongated.

obt es long, about 3 lines broad and flat with the dorsal angle

x m and but sli : : : :

linear the same length, from 2 to 1 in. diameter when in flower. Bracts

mente * dy acuminate, Perianth about 3 lines long, the outer seg-

vate, coneave at the end, scarcely cr nos at all acuminate, quite

glabrous, the inner ones scarcely longer.

116 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Xanthorrhes.

S. A G:

and flowers nearly those of X. arborea, but besides the caudex being undeveloped,

the bracts or bracteoles surrounding the perianths are remarkably narrow ani

W. Australia ? Some specimens gathered by F. Mueller north of Stirling Range

look more like this species than any other W. Australian one, but are insufficient for

satisfactory identification. :

rin

a narrow triquetrous point. Scape 2 to 3 ft. high, the spike es

LI . LI . . e arge

perianths.

linear-spathulate, distinetly acuminate, glabrous or with a tuft of a few

hairs on their apex, all shorter than the perianth. Outer periantl-

segments oblong, almost hoodshaped and acuminate at the top, scarce

25 lines long; inner segments rather longer, their dilated hyaline ends

etal spreading but much less conspicuous than in X. minor. :

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown > Paramatta, Woolls. the

i i Herb. F. Mueller from eros

sure have the subtending bracts prominent in the young spike, but not so long 85 w

the typical X. bracteata and more lanceola d the fruiting scape is sai be 1m

diameter, the other characters being t X. bracteata r have

pecimens from Newca ge, F. Mueller, and Whitsunday Island, Henne,

there is a single very young spike in which the subtending bracts are short »

triangular, thoug bricate.

is, R. B M

exceeding 2 ft. Leaves about 9 ft. long, 1 to 14 lines broad, ra^? —

flat, but with the dorsal angle and sometimes also the facial one p'*

i ro

from the fully flowered spike. Bracteoles and outer perianth-s gment

glabrous, remarkably acumi inner not seen perfect, b

from th thered remains probably not much exceeding the outer

ruit obtuse, less protruded-than in any other species. — Hoo:

t. 110.

Victoria. Grass-tree plains of Curdie's River, granite rocks on Snowy Rive

dry ridges on Hume River, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Risdon Cove, R. Brown ; north coast, Gunn.

petrol ile ees

ad i

JAanthorrhea.] CXXXII. JUNCACE®, 117

10, X. gulata, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 111.—Caudex

lengthenin out to several feet. Leaves slender but rigid, 1i ft. long

strictly 4-angular though sometimes slightly flattened, rarely above

lline broad. Spike 3 or 4 ft. long on a scape at least as long or

the flowers nearly as long as the outer perianth-segments, glabrous.

Outer segments oblong-spathulate, serio or € complicate, very

shortly acuminate quite glabro nne ents obtuse, about 3

lines long, 3- or 5-nerved, the whitish shortly flattened apex very little

iiis the outer segmen tam much longer than the

s. sects. Mount ióny and Barossa vagin F. Mueller.

: X. Preissii, Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 39.—Caudex thick and

simple other very short or more or x mengata, SREP S often 5 or

and som

prodigo a on the very young spike; bracts or braeteoles

uil g the flowers linear-spathulate, nearly as long as the perianth,

le often slightly ciliate at the end. Perianth-segments 3 to 31 litas

hee the outer ones thin, nei. obi concave, 3- or rarely 5-nerved,

i * inner ones broader, with 5,7 or even more nerves, with a very short

Ge ding almost h yaline he dikuti twice as long as the perianth.

pe l ‘ses 6 te ar. d M poi Endl. in Pi. Preiss. ii. 39 ;

Nae. Apparently common, from Stirling Range to the Vasse and

Vers, Drummond, Oldficld, Preiss, n. 1620, 1621, F. Mueller and others

I may be wr

ELM. ong in uniting the above supposed pecie but I am quite unableto -

thee ssi them by the dried specimens. "The leaves are often as qua ular i

and Eaa Preissii as in wmmondii, and the - tad between the elongated

i stem is accompanied by no other character that I can detect, an and m may

üpon age,

5. DASYPOGON, R. Br.

ux ^ persistent, 6-merous, dry or glumaceous, the 3 outer seg-

united į in a tu ube, with 3 ovate lobes, the 3 iuner free narrow,

Bara rather thick ; Pept oblong, entire at both ends, ald

in the middle, the cells opening longitudinally. Ovary sessile —

118 CXXXII. JUNCACER, [_Dasypogot.

the outer perianth. Seed globular, erect; testa membranous ; embryo

y 8

linear, erect or nearly so, near the base of the fleshy but not hard

albumen.—Long-lived perennials with a simple or slightly branched

dex, covered when old with the persistent sheath of old leav

Leaves crowded at the apex of the eau r of the flowering

stems, rarely extending higher up the stems, narrow-linear sproaim

and rigi ‘lowers in globular heads on long terminal peduncles, eat

one sessile within a persistent bract without bracteoles

The genus is limited to West Australia,

Caudex short and slender. Leafy stems including the

peduncle 1 to 2 ft, Perianth with long slender very Sigh

deciduous bristles . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. D. bromeliefolus

Caudex with the persistent sheaths 2 in. diameter and

2 to 6 ft. long. Perianth-tube hispid with short per- RU

sistent bristles . aL MOU Lute bt mall qU Wirth Qin ee

1. D. bromelizfolius, R. Br. Prod. 263, and in Flind. Voy. ii. 005

t. 8.—Stems from a hard rhizome several, erect or ascending, densely

considerable length the leaves are only 2 to 3 in. long. Peduncle ter

minal, 6 in. to

ing head almost or quite glabrous. Bracts closely appressed, vith

broad bases shorter than the perianth, but the outer ones and some

times some of the inner ones produced into long subulate points far

ceeding 1 9i lin

in fruit, but thickened hardened smooth and shining; U

segments linear or linear-spathulate ; slightly scarious on the edge&^

F. Muell Fragm. ii. 112; D. glaber, Laharpe in Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat.

Par. iii. 101.

King George's Sound, R. B , Drummon

W. Australia. . Brown d, n. 205, casts

to Phillips River and Mount Barren, Marwell; Swan Rivyer, Preiss, n. 131

1872.

D. obliqvifolius, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss, ii. 52, is founded on old specimens of D.

iefolius, with shorter 1 onding hnius depy thio Method ini thi

ordina —

Dasypogon.] CXXXII. JUNCACEEF. 119

closely-reflexed short almost scale-like hairs. — Flower-head globular

and bracts similar to those of D. bromeligfolius, but the tube of the

outer perianth densely covered with short rigid erect or spreading

almost paleaceous bristles, the lobes ovate aud quite glabrous, without

any of the long deciduous bristles of that species. Inner perianth

stamens and ovary of D. bromeliafolius.

t MZ Australia. Swan (or Vasse) River, Drummond, Oldfield ; Vasse River, and

usselton, Pries,

TRIBE IMI.—OaLeEcrasIe®æ.— Perianth-segments all rigid, sometimes

coloured. Authers erect. Style subulate, with a small terminal stigma.

Flowers rather large.

et 3-toothed stigma. Fruit concealed amongst the persistent

is and perianths, 3-angled, indehiscent. Seeds erect, often reduced

ui; Be australis, R. Br. in King. Foy. ii. 535, t. c-—Caudex thick

be in Sometimes many feet in height. Leaves 2 to 3 ft. long and

Y + to 2 lines broad in the greater part of their length, spreading or

ed, flat or more or less triquetrous, their edges usualiy serrulate,

Which S glabrous when old, but dilated at the base into a loose sheath

et E densely silky-villous outside. Peduncles several from

of leaves, in. to 1 ft. long, covered with loosely imbricate

thing bracts nearly 1 in. long besides their subulate points,

120 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Kin gia.

when first out, but lengthening to 1 in. Anthers almost entirely ex-

serted, scarcely- broader than the filaments. Ovary and young fruit

very densely villous, the ripe fruit only known from Brown’s descrip-

tion.— Kunth, Enum. iii. 376; K. australis and K. argentea, Preiss,

Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 52.

W. Australia, King George's Sound, R. Brown, and thence to Swan River,

Drummond, Preiss, n. 1526, 1527, Oldfield, Harvey.

7. BAXTERIA, Br.

Perianth persistent, of 6 equal erect long and narrow distinct seg-

ments. Stamens 6, attached to the base of the segments and shorter

than them ; filaments rigid, slightly flattened ; anthers long and linear, :

obed a

cell; style subulate, th a s erminal stigma. Capsule

obovoid, flat-topped, opening elastically in 6 valves, leaving the dissepl-

ments attached to the axis, the rigid endocarp each valve detached

bas

remaining in the specimens I have seen.)—Flowers large, sessi

"a litary in the centre of the dense tufts of long narrow

eave

The genusis limited to the single species endemic in West Australia.

.australis, Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 492, t. 13 to 15.— Stock

very short, woody, crowned by numerous tufts, of which some con-

sist of leaves only which are erect, linear, 1 to 14 ft. long, 2 to 3 lines

road in the middle, dilated at the base into broad striate sheaths, the

flowering tufts have only

1 in. long and the rather

about in. diameter when open.—Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 52.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and to the eastward, Barter, Drummond

n. 303 and 464, Preiss, n. 1525.

8. CALECTASIA, R. Br.

_Perianth persistent, hypoerateriform, the tube cylindrical or slightly

dilated upwards, the limb of 6 spreadi ane H

but eoloured lobes. Stamens 6, inserted at the base of the lobes

filaments shortl filiform; anthers linear, erect,

shorter than them;

shortly lobed at the base, the cells opening in terminal pores sometimes

Calectasia.] CXXXII. JUNCACER. 121

style filiform, with a small terminal stigma. Fruit 1-seeded, oblong or

fusiform, indehiscent, enclosed in the slightly hardened tube of the

peria! i

base of the fleshy albumen.—Stems woody but slender, branched, co-

vered with leaf-sheaths. Leaves small, linear-subulate. Flowers singly

sessile at the ends of the short branches, surrounded by leaty

The genus is limited to the single Australian species.

gb G cyanea, R. Br. Prod. 264, and in Flind. Voy. 1. 609, t. 9.—

Stems usually clustered, erect or ascendin , flexuose with short often

humerous branches, mostly about 1 ft. high, covered with the sheaths

of old leaves, the whole plant more or less pubescent or almost gla-

ute or pungent-pointed, 4 to 8 lines long, almost 3-quetrous towards

the end, flatte low the , the sistent sheaths closely em-

facing the the ones passing into the floral bracts

fl horizont a

wo when old losing their colour or turning brown especially

be € Centre, Perianth-tube slightly thickened when in fruit,

ut the flower not otherwise enlarged.— Endl. Iconogr. t. 3S (not

bx correct as to the Stamens) ; Walp. Ann. vi. 156; C. grandiflora,

sh 205 Pl Preiss. ii. 53; ©. intermedia, Sond. in Linnea,

Grampians, F. Mueller, Sullivan; Wimmera, Dallachy ; Tattiara

ds ; heath west of Glenelg River, Robertson.

Ww. à R own, Herb. F. Mueller.

^ a. Apparently very abun

urc.

Victoria,

SENS, Wi 00.

ant from King George's Sound to

Brown, A. Cunningham, Drummond, ist. coll.

others; eastward to

Swan and sed. lvers, 2. i

, A » and 180, Prei * 75 man

Cape Paisley, MEO o tiM, NS i

longer and E varies very much, in the leaves very short and appressed or much

ce:

i spreading, in the pube sometimes confined to the base of the

the gat e or a little on ines of its lobes, generally rather more eopious about

in the sj; ond me specimens soft ense over the whole plant, and especiall:

3 lines Jon of the flowe me no. cimens the lobes are scarcely above

lobes are ost obtuse, in the generality of southern and eastern ones, the

tt is im ^ 6 or even 7 lines long ry acute, but in a large series of specimens

2i Ensuxcex.—Perianth small, the segments all free and

ae Anthers erect. Style with 3 linear stigmatic branches.

‘Sh ss-like or terete, mostly radica!, or none.

122 CXXXII. JUNCACES.

9. LUZULA, DC.

Perianth of 6 equal glume-like segments. Stamens 6, 3 attached to

the base of the inner segments, 3 alternate with them, all shorter than

the perianth ; filaments filiform ; anthers oblong or linear, ereet, emar-

ginate at the base. Ovary sessile, 1-celled, with 3 ovules erect from a Mes

short central placenta ; style single, with 3 usually long and slender

yes

grass-like, chiefly radical, often fringed with long fine white we

Flowers clustered or distinct, the clusters in irregular unequally

branched compound umbels or panicles sometimes contracted po

heads, each flower subtended by a scarious bract and enclosed at tbe

les.

The genus, nearly allied to Juncus, is similarly spread over the greater part of the

globe, chiefly abundant in temperate regions and more common i and pas-

tures than in marshes. Of the three Australian species or varieties, one is 08

mopolitan, the two others are endemic, at least in the precise Australian form. |

Perianth-segments very acute, 1 to 1} lines lon

Leaves 2 i [ i

to 4 lines broad, with prominent nerve-like

margins, Flower-clusters in a dense head above iin.

diameter

OE ar oara a RULES uA

Leaves rarely above 2 lines broad, the nerve-like margins

i duncula:

1 . diameter . . 2. L. campestris.

Perianth-segments subulate-acuminate, 2 to 24 lines long . 3. L. longiflora.

Ir Oldfieldii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii, 68.— Considered by F

Mueller as a variety of L. campestris, but can scarcely be joined wit

it unless that eom be made to include the northern L. a as

he South American Z. } ;

compact, or

slightly lobed head of 1 to 3 in, diameter. Perianth-segments pe

acute, the size of those of Z. campestris or rather longer. Seeds rat

ovoid than globular.

1 t

Tasmania. Summit of Mount Welli Oldfield ; à New Zealand plan

almost identical with it is referred to the nere he J. D. Hooker.

Luzula.) CXXXIL JUNCACER. _ 123

brown and often with scarious margins. Capsule very obtuse, not ex-

ceeding the perianth.—R. Br. Prod. Addend.; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.

1. 63; E. Mey. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 48.

Queensland. Armidale, Parrott; "

:S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

ui New England, C. Moore; Clarence River, Beekler ; in the interior, Mitchell,

ur.

ia. From Wendu Vale, Rodertson, Portland, Al/itt, Melbourne, Adamson,

F. Mueller and others, to Genoa River and the Australian Alps generally, F. Mueller ;

Wimmera, allachy

, Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown ; abundant in pastures throughout the

island ascending to 3000 ft., J. D. Hooker.

Pas rate Encounter Bay and ranges around St. Vincent’s Gulf, F.

wer: Australia. From near King George’s Sound to Swan and Murchison

Vers, Drummond, n. 66 and 337, Preiss, n. 1805, Oldfield and others.

variable species, especially in the compactness or looseness of the

ds over the temperate or mountain regions of a great part of the

, This exceeding!

3. L. longiflora, Benth.—Habit of the luxurious leafy forms of

L. campestris. — Leaves grass-like, 6 in. to 1 ft. long, the marginal nerve

ly prominent. Inflorescence as in L. campestris compound, the

ales. Howe's Island; summit of Mount Lingbird, C. Moore;

eus itof Mount Gower, Fullagar. The species is allied to the New Zealand ZŁ.

Pneus but the perianth is much longer than in that or any other species of the

10. JUNCUS, Linn.

trianth of 6 equal glume-like segments. Stamens either 6, 3

Fk to the base of the inner segments and 3 alternate with them,

wer l, 2 or all 3 of the inner ohes deficient, filaments filiform ;

anthers oblong or ]i i base or almost entire.

inear, erect, emarginate at the.

124 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Juncus.

Ovary sessile, with 3 parietal placenta sometimes scarcely prominent,

more frequently protruding and sometimes meeting or even connate in

produced at the f the seed into a terminal loose appendage :

called a tail. Embryo small, near the hilu ennial or rare

annual herbs, the stems usually tufted or erowded on a creeping

The genus is very generally spread over almost all known parts of the hu

most abundant in temperate or cool regions, in marshes, maritime sands or

ngu j

e same as one from the Mediterranean region tal

ones have not as yet been identified with extra-Australian ones, but they may no

prove to be really endemic.

sprea.

rs brown, few or many in close clusters.

Stems filiform, leafy for several inches. Flower-heads Es

v iculate. Ovulesand seeds few . . 1. J. gracilis.

xeu. ero

usters paniculate bit of Luzula

Leaves mostly 1 to 3 ce re eni 3. . 2. J. planifolius.

Leaves rarely above 1 line broad. Stamens 6 . . 3. J. eespititius.

Flower-clusters coll. in a dense terminal hea

j par iud ace float.

owers pale-colo: in loose es or in clusters of 2,

3 or rarely more. Stems under 1 ft. high,

Annual Flowers mostly distinct, in a much-branched

leafy panicle » cow Wr lth, eru quen Mar. NI Ei gs 5. J; . bufo nius,

Tufted Flowers clustered (2 to 6) ina ;

slightly } panicle. . . . . , . 6, J. homalocaulis.

Perennial with a creeping rhizome. Flowers distinct

irr ly dichotomous cyme . - . T. J. revolutus.

in an irregularly Eug

Leaves terete or nearly so or reduced to sheathing scales.

Panicles apparently lateral below the end of rigid leaf-

Juncus. | CXXXII. JUNCACER. ; 125

m €— I subtending leafy bract erectand con-

the st

gone e ual bra not j jointe ted.

Filaments filiform. Se ces ni taile

S E 3. Scales t the Wes of the stem usually

short.

Flowers distinct in the panicle do sais <x . 8..J. communis.

Flowers all collected into distinct clusters 9. J. vaginatus.

Stamens 6. Scales at the base of the stem short or

"aid than in J. communis. Flowers small, dis-

tinct in the panicle . 10. J. pauciflorus.

Stems xd stout and tall with long loose scales at

the b Flowers rather largo, distinct in the

3 ev Stamens varying 3 to . 11. J. pallidus.

Filaments short and flat. Seeds tailed. Stems very

ri amens 6 12. J. maritimus.

Leaves and terminal bracts appearing jointed from inter-

nal cross partitions of pith.

Stems more or less fattened usually 1-2 ft. Perianth-

with long subulate DOM

fe)

pat

13. J. prismatocarpus.

Tur fe 7in. Flower-clusters small and few. De-

Vets ee ts 1 line long, lanceolate, Sad

= - 14. J. capillaceus.

dioicus ia ik Sji co ii, : 809, dion i Khe George's Sound, is insufficiently

described for identification, and may not be a Juncus atall

a Bracilis, R. Br. Prod. 259.—Stems filiform, above 1 ft. high,

dy tufted at ‘he base although each tuft is never above 2 lines

meter, leafy for severa] inches, the lower withered leaves having

Persistent sheaths. Leaves flat and prane an a ver DT UE A:

fa mens varying fi o 6; filaments filiform ;

in this rather long. "Orari led co apite. 3-celled, the placeute meeting

centre and apparently cohering, with s everal but not numerous

‘the cell. Capsule obtuse, as long as or rather longer than

col E cum the valves bearing the placent? without leaving a central

the fuiet, eres EIE. only 1 or 2 in each cell, nearly globular, striate,

trict, Dinen e. 103. King George's Sound, R. Brown, and probably the same dis-

sometimes d Stems under 6 in. high, the eR reduced to very few or

to a single cluster.—Karri Dale, Wale

mi Planifolius, R. Br. Prod. 259.—Stock tufted. Leaves

» usually numerous, flat and grass-like, shorter than the stem, 1 to

mes OF rarely nearly 4 broad, with long imbricating sheaths almost

126 CXXXII. JUNCACER. | Juncus.

campestris. Stems v ram usually 1 to 11 ft. hi d but sometimes

much lower, with a terminal compound u nequally branched cyme, the

lower branches oftea clustered. Braéte all small and scarious, or rarely

1 or 2 leafy ones at the base of the inflorescence. owers brown, in

globular clnsture at the base of the ramifications and ends of the

connected at the base m numerous ovules, Capsule mucronate or

scarcely acuminate, about as long as the perianth. Seeds ovoid, very

small, the a bt rotiettiioó visible only under a 4 in. lens. — Hook.

f. Fl. Tasm. i. 64.

S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, Woolls and others; New

Bagland ae Stuart ; Macleay Riven, DR Moore.

Vict Port Philli

p, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Dallachy hy. t

bakad Table Saintin Mount Wellington), R. Brown; abundan

Coushoat theisland, J. D. Hooker.

tralia. Lofty ee a owe nnd St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Muel: ller. r

ing Geo ind and neighbouring districts, Maxwell,

WW. Ass tralia.

Mueller, Drummond, n. m 366, Sta

Var. tenella. Stems mostly under 6 in., very Vander, iw MET narrow leaves.

Flower-heads small with few flowers, but not so small as J. gracilis. Flowers

androus and cess shortly mucronate as in ihe nig J. planifolius. —Mount

M‘Ivor, F. Muelle:

3. J. cæspititius, E. Mey. in Pl. Preis 47 and in Linnes

xxvi, 244.—The larger Aierbe Ta ainin. ak resemble J. plani-

Jolius, but the leaves are always much narrower and the stamens appear

tems rarely much above 1 ft. high. Inflorescence when mue

developed the same as in J. planifolius, but the flowers rather larger,

the inner segments entirely excluding the outer before expansion

and enclosing g the 6 stamens. Placentas parietal with numerous omy

and tailless and smooth unless under a high power as

planifolius Capsule rather shorter than the perianth and almost t ob-

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 64.

Victoria. Wendu Ten Robertson ; Snowy River, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. In the northern parts of the island, J. D. Hooker.

^ . Mue

Swan River, » Drummond, lst coll. and n. 336, 937 ; Preiss, n. 1733

Murchison River Oldfield.

4. J, falcatus, E. Mey. Syn. Luzul. 34, and in Linnea, xxvi. 45.—

Rhizome stoloniferous. Leaves at the base of the stem flat, ret e

shorter thau the stem, rer 1 line broad or rather more. s6

tol ft. high, bearing usually 1 leaf at or above the middle ary a » single

Juncus.) CXXXII. JUNCACER. 127

terminal head of flowers surrounded by scarious bracts, or rarely a

second head lower down in the axil of a leafy braet. Flower-head

composed of condensed cymes) usually 3 to 4 lines diameter when in

"sii twice that when in fruit, the searious bracts all shorter than the

Capsule obtuse, about as long as the perianth, dark and shining, Seeds

obovoid or oblong, brown, obtuse or rarely with a very small white

: : :

Hook. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 64 ; Engel

452, 495; J. agrostophyllus, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxvi. 245.

, Victoria. Snowy River, Mitta-Mitta, Cobberas and other ranges of the Austra-

lian Alps, P. Mueller,

oth ia. On all the mountainous parts in wet places, Gunn, Archer and

ers,

E. Meyer originally described the species from Californian specimens with which

he afterwards identified the Australian ones. Engelmann had int tan

narro: er and

prominent in the Californian than in the Australian ones, but sometimes there is

— difference in the seeds of 2 capsules from the same country than in others from

Capsules of the 2 countries.

T. J. bufonius, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 353.—A pale-coloured

fted annual, rarely exceeding 6-8 in, and often scarcely half that

erect, slender and branching, with a linear leaf or leafy

Dearly 1.1; ach branch. Leaves linear, from almost filiform to

nct l line broad, the margins involute at least in the dried state, the

Tones sometimes exceeding the stem, all dilated at the base into

à rather long sheath. F

; termin

47.4 e and numerous, without tails. —E. Mey. in Pl. Preiss. ii.

3 ook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 64; J. plebeius, R, Br. Prod. 259.

Victoria ort Jackson, C. Moore, Woolls, and others.

and others - Wendu Vale, Robertson ; about Melbourne, Adamson, F. Mueller

Tasmania nera, Dallachy,

Abundant i

Hooker, in moist places throughout the colony, J. D.

ind Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf to Rivoli Bay, and the Murray, F. Mueller,

128 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Juncus.

W. Australia. King George's Sound to Swan and Murchison Rivers, Drum-

mond, Oldfield, Preiss, n. 1734, and others.

The species is a common weed in most temperate regions of the globe.

6. J. homalocaulis, F. Muell. in. Herb. Hook.—A small tufted

pale-coloured species apparently perennial, but without the creeping

rhizome of J. revolutus. Stems rarely exceeding 6 in., slender, the

flowers sessile in the clusters and generally divaricate, at least a :

flowering aud the clusters few eriauth-segmen

enc

rigid, acutely acuminate, about 3 lines long, the inner ones rather

shorter. Stamens 6. Style divided nearly to the base. Placentas pari-

etal, not very prominent. Capsule rather shorter than the peri

Seeds ovoid, without tails.—J. plebeius, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 807 au

some others, but not of R. Br.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, C. Moore, Woolls ; New England, €. Stuart.

Victoria. Glenelg River, Robertson; Black Forest, F. Mueller ; Wimmer

Dallachy.

This was supposed to have been the J. plebeius of Brown and is united by F.

Mueller with the J. revolutus under th name of J. Brownei. It appears to me ho

ever to be quite distinct in habit as well as in in ;

to approach nearer to J. bufonius, to which J. plebeius proves to be referrible.

J. revolutus, R. Br. Prod. 259.— Stems from a creeping rhizome

in. to nearly

igh. Leaves mostly shorter than the stem, all from its base

single one higher up, all very narrow, the midrib prominent un

and short broad almost se

; as long as the perianth or rather shorter

ds ovoid, without tails.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 65; J. Brownen

Muell. innza, xxvi. 245, Fragm. ix. 78, partly.

Victoria. Yarra and Snowy Rivers, F, Muell

ueller. j

` "Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; near the sea, Georgetown, Gunn; T

the Tamar, C. Stuart,

8. J. communis, E. Mey. Syn. Junc. 12.—Stems densely tufted

on a horizontal or sbortly creeping matted rhizome, usually 2 to 3 D

high, or even more, erec » terete, leafless except a few brown or pale

Juncus. | CXXXII. JUNCACED. 129

coloured leafy sheathing scales at the base. Panicle apparently lateral

and sessile at from 2 or 3 to 6 or 8 in. below the top, the leafy bract at

the base of the inflorescence bein erect, terete, continuous with the

tous, densely crowded into a compact globular head of i in. diameter

or forming a looser very unequally branched panicle of 1 to 2 in. diame-

Linn. ; R. Br. Prod.

Australia, Apparently abundant wherever there are marshes or habitually wet

places, especially without the tropies, the special localities recorded from each colony

ire far too erous to be worth enumerating, the species extending also to most

PE staged pical regions of the globe. In Australia as elsewhere there are

1, Principal varieti J. ratus, Linn., with the flowers closely packed in

row head and usually more or less brown, and J. effusus, Linn., with the panicles

Th. E and paler coloured, but every gradation may be observed between the two.

* former is not so common in ia as the looser flowered one, but I have seen

ens the colonies in the herbaria of F. Mueller or of Kew. - i;

poi ddrireli, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 66, t. 134, and J. pallidus, Hook. f. 1. c. and

terrible Kunth, Enum. iii, 321, but not'of R. Br. appear to me to be entirely re-

€ to forms of J. communis. 5

wg a Port Jackson, R. Brown, I have seen it in no other collection,

J. pallidus | and western large species usually taken for Brown’s J. vaginatus is his

sheathing scales

Ttaran and someti i int of 1 or 2 in.

Thorens. 24 sometimes produced into a leafy point of 1 or

Mic lateral as in v peed the leafy bract at its — vict

compound + » erect and terminating the stem. Panicle irregular

Yor, ling that of the loose-flowered variet; J. communis,

130 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Juncus.

but usually more slender, the flowers few or numerous dise smaller

than in that species, and six stamens in all the exam-

ined. pray, capsule, and seeds of J. communis. va k. & KH

eye 67.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, and others; Rockhampton,

Thozet.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls and others; Macleay n

Toten C. Moore; Richmond River, Mrs. Ho odgkinson ; New England, €.

From Portland, Green, and Mount m) Sullivan, to the Baw-Baw

aid Capo. Otway ranges an and Sno owy River, F. Muelle

a, R. en abundant throughout the colony, J. D. Hooker. z

S. Australia. Ranges bordering St. Vincent’s Gulf and Torrens River, f

Mueller and others.

J. Pers yer f. Fl. Tasm. ii 67, appears to me to be a slight wy

pauciflorus. of small size, with dark b — pom and perianths, which are usualy

but not ael very pale i in the typical

1. J. pallidus, R. Br. Prod. 258.—A tall stout a very n:

allied to the loose-flowering varieties of J. comm Stems seve

feet high, the sheathing scales enclosing their thick bae long sid loose,

the innermost often 6 to 10 in. long

varying to 4 or 5 and pe sometimes 6.—J. va ginatus, E. Mey. 2 n

i. 46; Hook. f Fl. Tasm. ii. 68, not of R. Br;

correctus, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 296.

Queensland. Plains of the Condamine Leichhardt.

N.S ales ew specimens from v: : various collections as well as the p

rented plant of Leichhardt's appear to be referrible to this species, but are 80

t doubtful,

ictoria. French Island, Beveridge; Ararat, Green, and a few other

stations. LÀ

2m Common in many parts of the island, both north and south, J.

ker.

*. Australia. In numerous localities about St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller and

others.

. Australia. King George's Sound, R, Brown, and thence is Swan Rivet,

abundantly, Drummond, n. 319 and 367, Preiss, n. 1864, and many o

`- The four preceding species might be regarded as varieties of enda which how;

ever in that case _— include many forms from other countries generally ado ped

as distinct species.

12. J. EUN ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 322.—Stems nee

tufted on a horizontal or alors bem is rhizome, very rigid, 2

3 feet high, with sheathing he b which 1 or?

than the real stems. Panicle or e appearing lateral, the long

outer leaf-like — Sevres and daaktoiinig the stem but m

tinct i i

ct than in "nis, owing to its broad sheathing bas®

-Flowers in pens dim usually uy numerous in an irregularly

Juncus. | CXXXII. JUNCACER. 131

pt plas panicle sometimes very dense, sometimes looser with 1 or

2 ofits branches elongated to several inches. Perianth- -segments about

li lines long, the outer ones very acute, the inner with broad

: in size à

always produced at both ends into short tails.—R. Br. Prod. 258;

E. Mey. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 46; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 66.

ueensland. Rockhampton, 0' Shanesy and other

N. S. es. Paramatta, Woolls ; Hastin gs River, hates

Victoria. Melbourne, Adamson ; Gipps' Tad, ler.

T ia. Common in salt and brackish aeo y pads oie on moist sand

er,

S King George's Sound and Lucky Bay, R. Brown, thence to

wan ines D Adéomond > n. 194, 339 ; Preiss, n. 1865, Oldfield.

The Species is common in maritime marshes and moist sands'in most temperate

me e flowers in tbe Australian specimens are usually Aig smaller and

er coloured and the inflorescence more dense than i in m» porters nes. Drum-

nds n. 338 is a remarkably large Hok form, with the stem and a nearly

fruits those of the nies J. maritimus.

Fong Snp F. Mueller are two imperfect s specimens of the northern J. acutus, i

uk m m Sie lebers Australian collection, but probably by some error. They hav

on. 8 printed labels, and no other specimens from the southern engines

lo e J. prismatocarpus, R. Br. Prod. 259.— Stems tufted or sto-

üilerous and shortly creeping at dh bates 1 to 2 ft. high, more or less

n ice sed. Leaves few, erect from long sheaths, compressed or

early terete, bollow inside but divided by eross partitions of p

di x a jointed appearance. Panicle terminal, erect, compact or

Varieate wi :

J. holo Scarcely prominent inside. Seeds minute, without tails.—

Steud. schenus, R. Br. 1. c. ; Hook. £. Fl. Tasm. ii. 65; J. commutatus,

um. ii. 301.

Gulli sland. Moreton Bay, aves; Armidale, Perrot ; Broad Sound

x Sw.

ott ales. Port hoe ge] 2 the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 431 €

Bet en al abies England, €. Stuart; Macleay River, C. wed Clarence River

ig ERE Vale and Gl Bir , Robertson ; Melbourne, F. Mueller.

ema. Abundant in marsh ene er, through day Be 20. Habe.

vM ralia, incent's fs Gall Behe, P ller and others.

fes vedi Murchison Rivers, Drum-

mond, n 54 114, sg e OU feld and o ek x 2

182 CXXXII. JUNCACER. [ Juncus.

J. striatus, Schousb. from the Mediterranean regions is scarcely distinguishable

m J. prismatocarpus except by the rather smaller flowers, and J. ozycarpus, E. Mey.

from South Africa appears to be quite identic

14. J. capillaceus, Hook. f. Fil, Tasm. ii. 65, t. 184.—Stems from à

e or subulate, near ; terete, more or less

poda divided inside y cross partitions of pith as in J. prismato-

ca sometimes shorter than but often twice as long as the stem

Flowers in little clusters of 3 to 10, rarely redu os flowers,

and often not above 4 clusters to the small panicle, the lowest

bract int Fe ree and leafy, the other bracts small. ianth-

segments a line long, lanceolate with scarious margins, rather

acute but whos the subulate points of J. primatotorget amens

an ar and shortly beaked. Placentan wees prominent. Seeds

withou sata.

N. S. Wale ales. Timbarra, New England, C

vi Rivulets of the Black aah cay Cobra Range, ascending to 5 0r

6000 ft. F. Mueller.

Tasmania.

ei Arthur's Lake, Gunn; Cuming's Head, Archer; Coal River Tier,

dfield.

The species is also in New Zealand.

Orper CXXXIII. PALMA,

above the base and somewhat versatile, with 2 parallel cells opening

— in longitudinal slits. te flowers | in the females when present

ens

base of the perianth. Ovary in ; ed

divided into 3 SM carpels, or in some genera 1-celled from the fé

in nera only 1 cell fertile. Style usually very short or com

per dined into 3 short thick stigmas or lobes stigmatic inside, at

t erect afterwards spreading, rarely columnar with 3 small terminal

stigmas. Ovules solitary or rarely 2 in

pou an

aften thick succulent een or spongy and fibrous. sometimes thin and

hard, the endocarp me ous erustaceous or hard es bony. d

ary or sometimes 3. or 3; testa thin or erustaceous, adnate Ebo»

or sometimes more or e to the endoca ; hilum rin:

oblong o or shortly linear, basal and oblique or sok ral o

CXXXIII. PALMA. 133

arising from amongst the leaves or from the

below them, and at first entirely enclosed ina large bract called a

spatha, opening Jaterally and finally deciduous with frequently 1 or more

me the rhachis or branches of the spadix, often especially the males

den gether from the same node or notch, subtended by 1 or 3 small bracts

unfrequently reduced to a slightly raised margin of the node.

ic splendid order, the pride of all tropical regions, is restricted in Australia to

*peciesand almost confined to Arnhem's Land and Queensland, only four species

Land, 8 into New South Wales, one of them penetrating as far south as Gipps'

besides three species endemic in Lord Howe’s Island. None of the Australian

Nearly all; majority of the species are endemic, most of them congeners and

Y allied to the Palms of the Malayan Archipelago or of New Caledonia.

Dining palms, with alternate prickly pinnate leaves.

Owers dicecious. Perianth-segments all valvate.

Erect ut Covered with imbricate scales. Embryo basal . 1. CarAMUs.

1 palms, with a terminal crown of simply pinnate

den Flowers moncecious. Outer perianth-segments

in the females

Fruit usually ovoid. Remains of the style terminal .

ular. Remains of the style

excentrical or lateral . . . . . . ... . 8. CLINOSTIGMA.

Ovary 1-celled. Ovule pendulous, Albumen ruminate 4. PrTYCHOSPERMA.

Om l-celled. Ovule erect, Albumen ruminate . . 5. ARECA.

p EUM. Ovule erect. Fruit large. Albumen

Inner perianth-se ents valvate in the males, imbricate

. Embryo basal.

2. KENTIA,

Ovary rianth-segments valvate in both sexes. ;

Erect 3-celled. Albumenentire. Embryodorsal . 7. ARENGA.

men with bipinnate leaves. Inner perianth-seg-

punte in E sexes. Ovary 3-celled. Albumen

BRL embryo dorsal 5. 192 23. 5 CARYOTA

va» With a terminal crown of fan-shaped leaves.

se Poder md

lobes renis d Ls etat dli did mad ge 9. LicvALA.

<n \eieaine he a De and ontgon bata EE

184 CXXXIII. PALMA,

1. CALAMUS, Linn.

Flowers dicecious, distichous and sessile along the spike-like brane

ofthe panicle. Outer perianth 3-lobed, inner of 3 segments, the lo a

or segments all valvate in both sexes. Stamens in the males 6, eo

arudimentary ovary. Staminodia in the females 6. Ovary ee :

i . Stigmas 3, sessile or on a very shor

style. Fruit globular, closely covered with reflexed imbricated shining

cales.

The genus is chiefly abundant in tropical Asia, extending also into tropical

Africa. The Australian species are as far as known endemic, but require furth

comparison with some little known ones from the yan Archipelago. '

-segments acuminate and entire with smooth edges . . 1. C. australis.

Leaf-segments more or less scabrous on the edges with

minute distant prickles, and often sprinkled underneath

with straight prickles or bristles. .

Leaf-segments acuminate and entire, under 1 in. broad . 2. €, Muelleri.

Leaf-segments hooked or jagged at the end, 1 to2 in. dis

ho PM WOUND ML EC I E Aa

: š vá r

1. C. australis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii, 342—A T

reclining palm (A. Cunningham), climbing to a great height ath

Mueller). Leaves often above 2 ft, long, the rhachis armed underne?!

i y :

. S

in. long, the flowers more distant. Fruit globular, 4 to 5 lines diameter

— Wendl. and Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 197; C. obstruens, F. Mue

md. Shaded woods, Fitzroy Island, 4. Cunningham, M'Gillivray’

Bay, Dallachy. bos qug

D. L3

VOCKING nam

Calamus. | ' — CXXXIII. PALM X. 135

This species was comprised by Martius amongst those which were insufficiently

known ennmerated after his 4th and last division of the genus, but incautiously

Placed by Wendland and Drude wnder that division, characterised by the presence of

I and tendrils terminating the leaves; the C. australis has lora but no leaf

2. C. Muelleri, Wendl. and Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 193.—S

covered with closely appressed or adnate leaf-sheaths very densely

i : ;

each with 3 or 4 to 10 or 12 branches or spikes and almost or quite

unarmed. Lora slender, 1 to 2 ft. long, with numerous hooked prickles.

Outer perianth-segments in the males 1 line, inner segments 2 lines

long. Stamens inserted on a thick disk. Staminodia in the females of

the = of the perfect stamens, the filaments shortly united in a ring,

the anthers without pollen. Fruit globular, 5 to 6 lines diameter.

Greensland, Brisbane River, F. Mueller. : :

. ales. Clarence River, Beckler ; Richmond River, Henderson.

C radicalis, Wendl. and Drude in Linn xxxix. 195, is described only from a

ou leaf or rather a portion of a leaf and a lorum, closely resembling those of

ei elleri, except that the leaf is at least 24 ft. long and has 42 segments ae =

oa distinct species.—North of Port Mackay, Nernst.

the € prickles as in (y Muelleri. Inflorescence long and loose, but

artial panicles not distant as in that species.—Fruits much

full ai above 3 lines diameter in our specimens, but perhaps not

Grafton, « land. Endeavour River and Bloomfield Rivulet between that and Cape

| Ground P. alm," 4, Cunningham.

(Li 2. KENTIA, Blume.

* i 1 2 . K K: en-

tionsis, 4. Se eda, Hydriastele, and Hedyscepe, Wendl. and Drude

...,Oneeious in the same spadix, sessile in the notches

le -ot bá

m male one later developed in the same notch, the upper

vu imbri Sometimes solit , Male flowers: Ou rianth of 3

; broad or media segments, iuner longer of 3 valvate

136 CXXXIII. PALME. [ Kentia.

segments. Stamens 6 to abou

and pinnately divided, the segment

acumin. nd entire o vidas or tohid at the end. Inför escence a

the base of the — long and simple or branched, at first enola in

rather thin sp

Besides the eet species which are all endemic there are a few rr

Indian Archipelago and New Caledonia. The e genus has however been v

y different phoenicologists. I have followed i in its delim

tion the views of F. Mueller, which a i i i

than ey

TM th erie be fetis io A. Brongniart's genus Kentiopsis Lee ose s Rendus,

1873) which appears to me tob be too artifically separated fom Ken

Spadix a long and s simple spike within the Spatha.

Rhachis slender, slightly notched.

Flowers rather distant, the males 3 to 4 lines

tamens about = Fruit oro bla n à p

xima males

1. K. monostachya.

ong.

ns about 12. Fruit (unripe) cylindrical

thick, 4 deer ly notched. „Stamens about 20.

E ovoid-ob eR era

xs 2. K. minor.

. 3. K. Belmoreana.

ight vs eii

zo gens ae ug ong alanis and pendulous, Fruit '

coe 1-5 lines long 4. K. Wendlandiana.

Magen — n ae: Stamens 10 to 12. zl buryait.

ovoid-o a lin. : 5 an "

conieci ERE EI

: i

Oana eachya, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 82.—Stem 6 to 12

high (4. Cunningham). Leaves 11 to 4 Ik oe the UE base

road, coriac aceous, about

6 in. long, produced into 2 stipule-like des

segments very irregu acuminate, very variable in breadth and di t

e rhachis or tapering at the base, the longest abou

1 ft. long. Inflo cn

Kentia.] CXXXIII. PALMA. ; 137

perianth when sal out 3 to 4 lines long, the outer broad segments

t meter. Stamens about 10, with very short filaments.

. long, th

Testa ofthe seed ndgering to the thin endoearp.— Areca monostachya,

Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. i j PA, Linospadiz monostachyos, Wendl. and

Queensland. ce e York Peninsula, Hann’s Expedition ; Wide Bay, Leichhardt ;

os Berna " " ^ iid

n . Wales. "Mo ount Lindsay, W. Hill; New England, C. Stuart ; Clarenc

Ri Hastings Riv. vers, Beckler ; Clarence River, Wilcox ; Macleay River, Fitzgerald ;

ichmond River, Mrs, Hodgkins son. “ Walking-Stick Palm."

the

notches, sida

Specimens

: the anthers. Female perianth shorter than in the males

i * gments about twice as long as the outer. Ovary oblong,

nen with 1 erect ovule. Fruit “in an unripe state cylindrical, 8

iti nul! 1 e uou ,tapering at eachend. Seed 2 in. long, the albu-

dme by and Russell Rivers and Bellenden Range, W. Hill;

River, P wrea Of the fruit I have only seen fragments.

Rhachig ati u eh in an entire flattened solid point of 2 to 3 in

lotehes lica 2 In. diameter with a triple spire of deeply excavated

oblong or ly crowded with raised margins. Male perianth broadl

ovoid, about 4 lines long, the outer broad prominently keeled

«m about 9 2 lines ene tamens about 20. Females flowers

mg.

owiea Belmoreana, Beccari,

138 CXXXIH. PALME. [Keniia.

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe’s Island, €. Moore, Fullagar.

Muell. Fragm.

vii. 100; Grisebachia Forsteriana, Wendl. and Drude, 1. c. 203; Howiea Forstervana,

Beccari, 1. c.) or * Thatch or flat-leaved Palm,” with the segments hanging. The

specimens as far as they go show no difference that I can discover in the male

flowers and fruits, and the distinctness of the two whether as varieties or species

emains to be ascertained.

ft. long, the upper ones confluent at the base, all or most] jagged or

toothed at the apex. Panicle of numerous slender pendulous spikes of

and thiek, marked

with the scars of the spatha and of 2 outer bracts, the primary branches

very short and thick, the rhachis of the spikes slender, the notches

very little immersed. Spatha and male flowers unknown. Female

erect. with an oblong oblique basal hilum, the testa free from the

endocarp, the albumen not ruminate.—Hydriastele Wendlandiana,

Wendl. and Drude in Linnza, xxxix, 209.

N. Australia. Liverpool River, Gulliver.

Queensland. Cape York, IV. Hill, Daemel ; Cape Sidmouth, Curdie.

The Arnhem and Queensland specimens appear to belong to one species

but it is possible that when better known they may prove to be distinct.

5. K, Canterburyana, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 101 ; viii. 234.—A tal

palm with a dense head of long pinnate leaves, the segments numerous,

nearly equal and acuminate. Panicle branching into spreading spikes

of about 6 in., the rhachis thick and flexuose, the notches not immersed

and not close. Spatha unknown. Male perianth about 4 lines longs

road and almost as long, inner ones ovate and rather shorter. Ovary

thin more or less adhering to the endocarp, leaving the albumen reticu-

: i i 1 $cep : Qan-

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore; Fitzgerald. “Umbrella Palm”

6. K.? acuminata, Wendl. and Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 207.—O0)¥

known from a single leaf and a loose fruit. Leaf about 3 ft. long but

Kentia.] CXXXIII. PALMA. 139

confluent at the base 12 in. broad, truncate and many toothed at

= apex each one readily splitting into 2. Fruit ovoid-globular, 2

in. long.

W. Australia. Escape Cliffs, Hulse.

The materials are not sufficient to characterise a species, yet neither the leaf nor

the fruit can be referred to the K. W endlandiana, the only other pinnate-leaved Palm

of which I have seen specimens from Arnhem’s Land.

3. CLINOSTIGMA, Wendl.

(Cyphokentia, .4. Brongn.)

Flowers monecious in the same spadix, sessile along the branches,

the males usually 2 together, the females solitary (later developed on

the same hotches?). Male flowers: outer perianth of 3 imbricate

Segments, inner longer of 3 valvate segments. Stamens 6 surrounding

e ov.

an abortiy ry owe segments of both series imbricate.

Ovary l-celled ? with 1 erect ovule. Fruit obliquely globular, the scar

or remains of the style very excentrical or quite late erect,

ome detached from the periearp. Albumen not ruminate. Embryo

asal.— Erect palms with the habit and pinnate leaves of Kentia.

OMM the Australian Species, which is endemic, there are several from New

o. Mooreanum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 235.—A dwarf palm of

bakin aves said to be 3 or 4 ft. long, the se, ents numerous,

l ft. long, the young ones of our specimens longitudinally plieate.

about 6 | osely sessile; the spatha coriaceous, broadly ovate,

branch m. ong, with 2 outer concave bracts. Panicle very much

" P4. at first'compact, spreading to about 1 ft. long and broad when

mi globular, and irt line diameter, the sabes segments half as

ng- Female rianth under the fruit expanded to 3 or 4 lines

Ms it obliquely globular, about z in. diameter. Seed with

. mg oblique almost lateral hilum.— Wendl. and Drude in Linnea,

718; Kentia Mooreana, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 101 ; viii. 294.

tag s. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, summits of Mount Gower and Mount

- Moore,

4. PTYCHOSPERMA, Labill.

Seaforthia, R.Br, ; Laccospadix and Archontophoenix, Wendl. and Drude.).

: simp kig -Monecious in the same s adix, sessile in the notches of a

: one later branched rhachis, usually 2 pesos in each notch and a female

SUE: developed in the same notch. Male flowers: outer perianth

140 CXXXIII. PALME. [ Ptychosperma.

divided, the segments acuminate and entire or jagged or toothed at ye

Inflorescence under the leaves, long and simple or branchen

first enclosed in a rather thin spatha, with one or two sheaths or bracts

below it.

Besides the Australian species, which are probably all endemic, there are a few in

e Malayan Archipelago and (if truly congeners) in New Caledonia.

dland and Drude place Ptychosperma and Archontophenix in ^ division

ase, a character which I have verified in all the Australian species of the two gener

of which I have had the female flowers.

Spadix long and simple S QU. 1. P. laecospadiz.

Spadix branched.

Leaf-segments acuminate. Male buds mostly oblique and

acute

Leaf-segments whitish underneath. . . . . . . 2. P..Alezanar

dre. |

Leaf-segments green on both sides . . . . . . . 3. P. Cunningham.

Leaf-segments jagged or truncate atthe end. Male buds

straightand obtuse . . . . . . .. . . 4. P. elegans.

Benth.—Stems “ 12 ft. high and 2 in. or more 1?

carp, with a termi um. Albumen ruminate.— Laccospadiz 4

i xxxix. 206.

tralasicus, Wendl. and Drude in Linnea,

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

2. P. Alexandre, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 47 213, t. 43, 44,—À tal

palm the stem attaining 70 to 80 ft. Leaves several feet long, t is

rhachis very broad and thick, glabrous or slightly scurfy, the segmen

Ptychosperma. | CXXXIII. PALME. 141

numerous, the longer ones 1$ ft. long $ to 1 in. broad, acuminate and

entire or slightly notched, green above, ashy-glaucous or white under-

eath. Spatha 1} ft. long. Panicle when open above 1 ft. long and

more acute 1 ans, the outer segments about 1 line long,

slightly imbricate. Stamens usually 9 or 10, but varying in the flowers

examined from o 14, the filaments very short. Female perianth

length. Fruit ovoid-globular, 7 to 9 lines long. Ovary and

seed of the genus. —- Fl. des Serres., t. 1916 (copied from

ssp Archontopheniz Alexandre, Wendl. and Drude in Linnea,

mx. 212. - `

Wendl. in Bot. Zeit. 1858, 346.—A tall palm

van I.

t. 4961, not of R. Br.; <Archontophenix Cunning-

Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 214.

arg cue Sunday Island (E. coast, near Cape York), 4. Cunningham ; Rock-

N. S, Wales

OOK, b: 5

leni Wendl. iS

Ps species, if really distinct from P. elegans, is as yet very imperfectly known,

C :

lat ge ephamiz Veitchii, Wendl. and Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 213, known only in

0 not appear to me to differ from P. Cunninghamii, judging at least from

Shanesy's Rockhampton specimen.

i e UC Megans, Blume, Rumphia; i. 118,-—Variously desoribod.as 5

or very tall palm. Leaves attaining several feet, the segments

il o

Faris the main rhachis flattened or angular, the ends of the spikes

lines ee, the n scarcely excavated. Male perianth about 2

che

a lone the bud straight and obtuse, the outer segments about half

8- Stamens from under 10 to above 20, the filaments shorter

spreads Perhaps ultimately as long as the anthers. Female perianth

nients po, ner the fruit to a diameter of above 3 lines, the inner seg-

lm not much longer than the outer. Fruit ovoid-globose, nearly

a diameter, Albumen deeply and irregularly ruminate.—Seaforthia

142 CXXXIII. PALMA. [ Péychosperma.

elegans, R. Br. Prod. 267; Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 181, t. 105,

106, 107.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Cape York, W. Hill,

Daemel ; Sunday Island, A. Cunningham; Cumberland Islands, Nernst; Rockhamp-

ton and neighbourhood, Thozet, Nernst.

nate; embryo basal.—Tall palms with a cro pinnate leaves.

Spadix branching, inserted below or amongst the leaves, the spatha

The genus extends over East India and the Malayan Archipelago and perhaps le

eran mig The only Australian species is as yet very doubtful as to its character

and atlinities.

Normanbyi, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 235.—Said to be a palm

of 40 to 60 ft. with leaves 8 to 10 ft. long, and an axillary inflorescence,

but described from a single fruit, ovoid with a conical tip, about 1j in.

long, the pericarp almost woody, resting on an old perianth of which

the outer series is nearly 3 lines, the inner series 4 in. diameter.

large, erect, adhering on one side halfway up the endocarp, the albu-

men deeply ruminate.—Cocos Normanbyi, W. Hill, Rep. Brisb. Bot

Gard. 1874-6 (F. Mueller.)

Queensland. Daintree River, JF. Hill.

6. COCOS, Linn.

Flowers moneecious in the same spadix, the upper ones male

equal

each cell but 2 usually abortive. Stigmas 3, at erect, at

length spreading. Drupe large, ovoid or oblong, with a thick flesbY

and fibrous exocarp; endocarp bony, marked at the base with 3 pits

Cocos. | CXXXIII. PALME. 143

Seed solitary, enveloped in pulp; hilum lateral; albumen not rumi-

nate. Embryo basal.—Tall palms, the stem marked with annular

scars and long retaining the scale- like base of the etioles. Leaves in a

terminal erown, simply pinnate with numerous longitudinally plicate

segments, Inflorescence from the base of the leaves, the spadix with

outer bra,

The genus comprises several South American Von Mapek: the Australian one,

which is common in tropical Asia, chiefly near the sea and is spread by culti-

vation over the Bipini regions of the new as well as the pery world.

C. nu cifera, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. iii. 285. —This, the well-

known “ Cocoa-nut Palm” atinining often 70 to 80 ft., is said to be of

stunted and crooked growth in the open sandy flats of Keppel Bay and

about 30 ft, high, the leaves 12 to 16 ft. long with numerous rigid

segments. Spatha fusiform, thick and woody, 5 to 6 ft. long, the

spikes 1 to 2 ft., the common peduncle 1 ft. Male perianth about 4

lines long, the outer segments scarcely 1 line. Filaments nearly as

long as the anthers. Female perianth, with a slightly enlarged ovary

a x Bc m Hist. Nat. Palm m. ii. 123, t. 88; "Gert rtn.

NR oisi and Keppel Bay, Thozet.

7. ARENGA, Labill.

(Saguerus, Blume.)

‘ 2 ers monocious, but usually in separate spadices, the males

uiv x Mong the branches, the females singly Veris the rhachis

: a

Without valvate segments. Stamensin the m ila es numerous,

1 denn. rudimentary ovary. Ovary in the nire 3-celled, with

aborti mg ovule in each cell. Berry fleshy. Seeds 3 or fewer by

albumen fe one enveloped i in a pellueid pulp; fe thick and hard ;

not rumin Embryo dorsal.—Tall palms, the stem

n egularly uid with s e aining in vs

jagged at rown, pinnate with numerous segments toothed or ~

envelo e end. Spa dix with long simple branches, the peduncle

ped in m several imbricate | sheathing bracts, Flowers rather large.

- [ced of very few species, from East India and the Malayan

xA Labill (Bes one 3 believed by Beccari to be the common

The g

144 CXXXIII. PALMA.

8. CARYOTA, Linn.

Flowers monecious in the same spadix, sessile in the notches of the

long pendulous branches of the inflorescence, usually 2 males in each

ed i "

e genus consists of few species spread over tropical Asia, the only

AR Se: extending over the Malayan Archipelago to the eastern provinces

of East ` $

I G.

inflorescence in our pecimens perfec

ame: :

with 1 perfect ovule. Fruit globular, i to 2 in. diameter.— Beccari

Malesia, 70; C. obtusa, Griff in Cale. Journ. v. 480, Palm. Ind. 170,

t. 236 bop Alert, P. Muell.; Wendl. and Drude in "

xix. 221.

Queensland. Cape York, Daemel, the fruits from A. Richardson.

: are exactly the size of those of the true 0. #

es fully out, and in that species the spadix according to Griffith attains 10 ©

9. LICUALA, Rumph.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in a loose panicle, with sheathing bracts 02

the main rhachis and peduncle. Outer perianth 3-lobed or 3-toothed;

inner of 3 valvate segments. Stamens 6, the filaments united in a cup

Licuala.| CXXXIII. PALME. 145

or ring and very shortly free ; anthers rta: Ovary laterally 3-

lobed, the carpels readily separating, with 1 erect ovule in each ; ; Style

columnar, with 3 small stigmas. Fruit globular, reduced by abortion

Seed erect, the hilum somewhat lateral. Albumen horny with a deep

irregularly branched excavation on the inner side, filled with a

brown spongy tissue. Embryo dorsal.—Palms usually slender or low.

Leaves large, fan-shaped but aali closed all round so as to appear

peltate, the plicate lobes more or ae truncate and toothed at the

end. Panicles from among the leaves, often long, the partial panicles

saan ee bracts iniit divided into few spreading spikes.

Bok genus is widely spread over tropical Asia, the only Australian species too

? known to determine how far it may be endemic or distinct

l. L. Muelleri, Wendl. and Drude in Linnea, xxxix. 223.—Youn

trees described as 30 ft. high. Leaves closed all round so as to appear

peltate, plicate, and divided to more than half the length into truncate

lobes obtusely toothed and j jagge ed and 2 to 3in. broad at the end, the whole

leaf fo a flat stiff shi eld-like disk 65 ft. across. Flowers un-

larly i eig Aas Embryo dorsal.— Livistona Ramsayi,

Muell i. 221.

toners ars eni Dail e Gap, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. He y the

ers are unknown it i FSE EE p that Wendland and Drude are in trans-

foting this p from cane i to Licuala, but its precise affinities nie remain

the present undete

10. LIVISTONA, R. Br.

soa hermaphrodite, in a loose panicle, with sheathing bracts on

, ovate. Ovary laterally 3-lobed, the Bin readily sepa-

rating, with 1 e erect ovule in each. S tyle shortly columnar, with a3-toothed

Thar ett not thick, hard when dry. Seed erect, the hilum some”

filled Albumen with a deep broad excavation on the inner side,

ed with a ‘brown spongy tissue. Embryo dorsal.— Low or tall erect

ys. Leaves fan-shaped, diner the lobes or segments acuminate

rede or 2-cleft, and frequently a small bristle or filament between

heres Panicles us sually ems. d decompound the

ea TS prey gno soifas or clustered along the slender

CMM tr mh which are endemic, there aro a very few fom the

146 CXXXIII. PALME. [ Livistona.

Fruit obovoid-oblong. Perianth scarcely 1 line

Petiole more or less aculeate on the edges. vim nne.

lobes rather obtuse vu M de poen

Petiole entirely un armed. Outer perianth-lobes sacute . . 2. L. inerm

F nes glo rote lar. Perianth UT lines MORE Outer —— lobes ;

. 3. L. australis.

R. Br. Prod. 268.—Stems 4 to 6 ft. high (M

10 4 "(Sohults). 15 ft. or tall (Gulliver). Leaves orbicular-cordate 12

divided into narrow plicate segments t apering to a fine point, the

thread-like bristles between c lobes varying from n early lin. to very

minute or altogether md ; petiole much flattened, the acute edges

be often intermixed wit "eger ones even as much as à in. long.

General panicle very large and loose, the AD nes bero the

flower, GA twice T in fruit. owers apiki 3 in little jet

clusters alon s Inner perianth-segments scarcely 1 line

long, the outer parinti about 1 as long with short broad rather obtuse

lobes. Berry ovoid-oblong, obtuse, to 8 lines long, more or less

contracted at th i blong, somewhat flattened.

Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 239, 09, 110, 111; Wendl. and Drude it

innæa, xxxix. 231; Z. Leichhardt, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 221.

N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, R. Brown (no d prag baagi ; Albert Rivet

M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, xpi n. 372; Port Essington, A

strong ; Liverpool River , and Wood Island, Gui

F. Mueller refers to this species a palm found by Giles in the so-called G en of

Palms, Macdonnel Range, in the interior, but rag only ee I have seen looks rate

a ege of L. australis. It cannot however be determined withou t flows

or fruit

2. L. inermis, R. Br. Prod. 268.— A moderate sized or tall pal?

(14 to 30 ft.), with the ovoid-oblong fruits of L. humilis, but said t0

differ in the petioles entirely without prickles and the sg A of the oute!

perianth more acute.—Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 239, t

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Nias rhage i Bro I have seen x

Bpectinen vf this and Martius appears only to ha * Known it from Bauer

— Moses he Pao the general habit being bloc resented in in Flinde

oyage in E. Bellew's Island, vol. ve

a variety only of L. humilis. Ree s 172, UR rt

. L. australis, Mart. Hist. Nat. Palm. iii. 241.— Stems attaini”é

40 to S0 f. Déires : in a dense crown, orbicular in iawerip tt when

fully out, 3 to 4 ft. diameter, divided to the tidie or lower

narrow Dorim acuminate ove either entire or 2-cleft at the apes

e, ni much branched, quite glabrous, the pri

ecl thick, often angular, and ostai much curved and flexuos^

CO mcum EIE

Livistona,] CXXXIII. PALME. 147

not so ciue jile as in Z. humilis and not so small. Inner perianth

when dry. s globular. — Wend . and Drude in Linnæa, xxxix. 232 ;

Bot. Mag. t. 6274 eee australis, R. Br. Pend. 267 ; L. inermis,

Wendl. sath Drude, dse

nsland. Woods, W. Hill; Rockhampton (Moore's Creek Range), Thozet.

N. S. Wales. Poesia Ralston

Victoria, Snowy Range, A Mueller. I refer this here on the iin bie be 9

F. Mueller, Fragm. There m js ony a single small leaf preserved in his h

barium which looks somewhat differe

The specimen figured in the Botanical Magazine was pues at poy ni m

collected by C EAD. probably d piden e rich

not meh had access to Marti or they refer to a Plate z 2 australis whi

_Orver CXXXIV. PANDANEJE. (Typical Tribe.)

wers dicecious, closely packed in dense spikes or heads, of which

ermina

several mat al spike or raceme or ecl solitary with a leafy or

coloured braet under e ach. Perianth none. Males consisting of

in g TOUS, sessile, — the rhachis and often M qure po pei

teelled, evi l ovule scie from the base, o

eas the Old World and

maging e ve character applies only to the typical tribe limited to the

Maly a m tropical : morka i xe rs PA: frica, and islands of the — group.

extensive range go an d South Pacific, the two Australian genera having ^ne

1 sers into which the drupes in some species are united have been gno

many-celled dru It seems however more

log i rit th era dupes othe gut p pos pes vevalting See i fun ihe sage

ly come necessary to use the term

148 CXXXIV. PANDANE.

Stems arborescent or shrubby, the branches oe in

a triple spire * ine leaves. Ovules solitary . 1. PANDANUS.

Stems climbing, ranches leafy. Ovules numerous

Superposed in 2 hve on 2 or 3 parietal placentas . . 2. FREYCINETIA

1. PANDANUS, Linn.

Male flowers in dense spikes, sessile or pedunculate in the axils of

leafy or coloured bracts, forming a terminal peas spike. Stamens

either Separate or more or less united in clusters. Female owers :

or cone-like head, often separable into clusters.—Stem woody, us

arborescent and branching. Leave s, long, coriaceous, spreading, prickly

on me edges and often on the midrib, generally closely inserted towards

series

The genus is widely spread over the tropical regions of the X Mee din

near the sea, Ofthe four or five Australian species ar is comm a great part

of the range of the ise, the others appear to be all endemic

Secr. I, Keura. nents connate in clusters. stignas peltate or reniform, —

on the fla Seen or broadly conical apex of the ovaries. Drupes connate in clusters

rarely Separat

Filaments aha column longer than the free

connate in clusters, m flat on the apex.

e spikes dabile . P. odoratissimis.

Drupes all bo. Other characters of P. ahna. 2, P. aquaticus.

Drupes connate in clusters, each with a conical €

Male spikes pedunculate 3. P. pedunculatus.

Filaments very shortly at the base. Drupes con-

in clusters, ee HO avery Convex apex. . 4. P. Forsteri.

. Acrostigma. ts free. Stigmas raised on E acute or acuminalt

Eis rof ^s. ovary or style, Drape fre or tip connate at the rg

Single A Species Chic E AC ie monticola.

Kev dis SUPE NIME connate in clusters. Stigmss

eng m ovem, sessile on the flat convex or broadly conical ape

es. Drupes ane in clust ly separate, the

ye seg Aea i in ier b clusters or rarely sep

P. odo tissimus, Zi n. f. Suppl. 424.— Stems “ from a creeping

base arborescent, branched, 15 3 ft. high. " Leaves 3 to 5 ft. long or o?

risus luxuriant individuals twice as long, 2 io 3 in. broad, acuminate:

rdered by small prickles turned upwards. Male inflorescence ter-

recurved, often above 1 ft, long, MR about 6 to 20 dense

upper leayes, ta E mt 4 lon

t, the up

gradually smaller w args é ; : :

than th i ale wi the mar. Sorter points and whiter, but all much lo

filaments united 1

free m at the iu with ü

to 20 er in a column often i in. long, shortly

ra anthers 1 to 2 lines. Drup |

Pandanus.] CXXXIV. PANDANEJE. 149

cuneate, hard and woody, 2 to 3 in. long, very obtuse, connate in

clusters of 8 to 20 and these collected in a globular head 6 to 8 iu.

diameter, the elusters flat and areolate at the top, the apex of each

drupe scarcely prominent, and the remains of the stigmas quite flat,

the pericarp when old splitting into fibres at the base.—Roxb. Corom.

Pl. t. 94 to 9 ; P. spiralis, R. Br. Prod. 341, and the numerous

ehm verus, à Rumphian

designation used previous to the establishment of the Linnean

N. Australia. R, Brown (no label in his herbarium); Arnhem’s‘Land and Islands

of the Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 613; Escape Cliffs,

Hulse ; King’s und, Hughan.

les is widely spread over tropical Asia and the Malayan Archipelago. The

ee drupes in F. Mueller's specimens as well as the clusters of drupes are much

zx than in the usual Indian specimens as observed by Dr. J. B. Balfour, but they

W no character to distinguish them specifically.

i j

emitting no adventitious descending roots, and in the drupes in the

head n t cohering in clusters. Our specimen consists of leaves only and

ades Inflorescence, in no respects distinguishable from those of P.

VB and the want of adventitious roots may oceur in many

N. Australia, Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller.

fa P. pedunculatus, X. Br. Prod. 341.—Stems “ emitting stolons

at the base, arborescent” (R. Brown). Leaves broader than in P.

» tapering into a long narrow point, the edges prickly. Of

lo -, Drupes in narrow clusters of 7 to 18, about 2 in.

the” very hard and smooth outside, apparently not splitting into fibres,

conical apexes of the drupes very prominent at the top, each with the

ot à reniform stigma.

1 Port Denison, Henne; Rockhampton, Dallachy (leaves only, 1 to

broad, ud here hy F. Mueller). T d 1 be MO

E. Muela, : ; Leichhardt (leaves o: 4 in. broad, referred here by

lee ; Richmond River, Huhar ; Hiatiig River, Beckler,

Prodent no Specimen in Brown's Herbarium, it is given as tropical in the

uma Forsteri, Moore and Muell.; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 220—

resembles P. odoratissimus in habit as far as can be judged from

150 CXXXIV. PANDANER. [ Pandanus.

. long: Seed asin 5 i

odoratissimus laterally attached near the base, the testa thin and brittle.

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore, Fullagar.

Secrron Il. Acrostiema, Kurz (genus Fisquetia, Gaudich. )— Fi

ments free. Stigmas raised on a conical or oblong acute or pee

style or apex of the ovary. Drupes free or equally connate at the

. P. monticola, F. Muell. Fragm. v.40, vii. 63, and viii. 220.— Sten

weak, half climbing, attaining 2 in. diameter. Leaves placed v 2

other species but very long, hanging, bordered by small prickle

serratures. Mal pi ng

rhachis, rather distant, 2 to 3 in.

but imperfect in th i

y. : : d

about 5 lines long, the pericar thick 20!

ng shortly acuminate styles

above j in. long, with small terminal stigmas. Seeds normal.

2. FREYCINETIA, Gaudich. j

Flowers dicecious in dense spikes, pedunculate or sessile in E ai

bracts and usually 2 or 8 spikes toget the

Male flowers. Stamens crowded on ©

di:

rhachis, the H ; anthers small, ovate, adnate, -

revolute hie resembling little globular heads. Female flowe

es often s

inse don

ten surrounded by 2 or 3 short staminodia, densely packe

the rhachis, cohering by their membranous almost gelatinous bas

ene divided by 2 or 3

* LÀ . 1 or

projecting parietal placentze; stigmas |

stigmatic lobes 2 or 3, sessile. Ovules numerous, superposed m €

on each p Fruits d numerous, in ovoid oblong or CY

heads, succulent at the top, eonnate at the base

irregularly numerous

1 , oblong, bearing on one or both si

longitudinal loosely cellular a pen < i

Dg my. ppendage or strophiole.—Straggling ^

climbing perennials or shrubs with leafy branches. Leaves with num

Freycinetia.| CXXXIV. PANDANEX. ` 151

tous parallel veins, their sheathing bases closely embracing the branches

otten torn up into shreds or filaments, the floral leaves usually

smaller and coloured.

, , The genus comprises but few species, Ser over the islands of the Malayan

Archipelago and the Pacific and New Zealand. common Australian species is

also in the alayan Archipelago, whether the uM be the same as any o

extra- Australian ones or not we have at bee sent no means of determining.

Leaves abe $i » long, shortly ac l. F. Gaudichaudii.

Leaves 8 l ft. "ong, tapering in ee a dong. subulate

pains ae on . . 2. F. excelsa.

l. F. Gau udichaudii, Br. aa Benn. Pl. ae Rar. 31, t. 9.—Stems

straggling or climbing and rooting, more or less covered with the short

sheathing bases of the leaves, the membranous margins of the sheaths

En E ise shreds or filaments. ^ Leaves mostly about 6 in. long

an to l1 1

*dges. Spikes in our Australian specimens female, ovoid-oblong or

Sometimes short and almost utes the longer ones 1 to 1} in. long

when in fruit, on peduncles of 2 to 1 in., about 3 together af the ends

i es. Ovaries very gol closely pressed and cohering

Y their membranous ba ases, free in the upper half, with a tani terminal

area divided more or less distinctly into 2 or 3 stigmas ruits ursting

ariy.

N land. East coast within the tro epics, A. upto Cape York Penin-

Phases ET ner ; Bosinga m Bay, Dallachy; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy,

Port Macka

in the M 4 pete gi:

~ F. excelsa, P. M: Muell. Fra —Leaves 8 in. to 1 ft. long,

re 3—4 lines broad but t dilated at th the eh into short broad imbricate

i Nl. oed ees long subulate points, the edges serrulate-spinulose

CN well as the margins of the sheaths. Spikes only

tm young ie dlcides, above 1 in. long, and too imperfect for

Bay. W. a eam m tene Glasshouse Mountains, Moreton

ed: h E distinct from any species I am ted with, but unfortu-

timc], s nl examining the

Y Specimen in fructification is Des ina vélo to 5 io ronds of

of the Spike.

Oz»z& CXXXV. AROIDEZE.

ed ina

DNE e "nisexual or sometimes herma pha dowir NE na

152 CXXXV. AROIDEEX.

parts of the spadix without perianth or bracts, or stamens 6 or fewe -

round each ovary, with or without a small scale-like Wege Meo

under each stamen; anthers usually 2-celled, sessile or on a ih al

filament, the cells opening in terminal pores or outwards in longitudin

lits. Ovaries sessile, 1- to 3-celled, with 1 or more ovules in each ¢

variously attached ; ait a sessile or on a short simple prm uec š

rhizome and radical leaves and iios, or with a creeping or simi ing

r rarely ie stems. Leaves entire o r variously divided, sometimes

sol larg

like loaves A parallel veins.

sine order i is chiefly "rnm in both the New and the Old pionera -r is also reas

ore tem e regions, especially in the pecu Of th

Bic ca peers five are Asiatic, three of them is cim Peg into to Afric, 0 one

x is endemi

H. G. Mu. Vaite bi but with an inordinate multiplication both of genera i

species. e genera here included are perfectly üistinot boni each other, but 1

very uncertain how mex of Schott’s Asiatic and African and even American gen

should be included in some of them

No perianth. aini ers unisexual, the females at the base

ual,

of the s the males below a terminal m

Leaves ree radical. Seeds albuminous.

A Vie of n

r 3-lo Vo. 4 VL TxeBONIUM.

Ovary

ovule in each cell. Leaves

Male flowers separate from the females do ovoid neu-

organs without any bar

. BRACHYSPATHA.

3. Corocasia.

mas ien cree

_or climbing. ves entire or pinnatifid . ecping 4. RHAPHIDOPHORA-

Perian in 9

ite

each scal

pying the whole spadix.

piat censi anc Be l-celled dmg 1 dr yt

5. GYMNOSTACHYS.

Ovary 3- 3-celled ` ith 1 erect ovule

in each cell. Embryo large without albumen,

Stem clim Leaves ves distichous, the

articulate on a phyllodineous petiole S oe 16. Poraos.

CXXXV. AROIDER. 153

1. TYPHONIUM, Schott.

Spatha contracted above the convolute base, the lamina broad,

spreading or recurved. Flowers unisexual, the females at the base of

the spadix, with subulate neutral organs immediately ae them, =

males separated by a bare interval, the spadix terminating in a lo

bic fleshy appetdage. erianth none. Anthers 2-celled, seasilo i in

peltate, sessile or shortly stipit Berry 1-seeded. Albumen

copious.— Herbs with a hard tuberous rhizome. Leaves entire or 3-

lobed, radical as well as the sc

The genus is generally spread over the warmer regions of the Old World. It

differs from the European group now considered as the typical Arum, depen fi in the

solitary ovules. The Australian species are, as far as known, endemi

Leaves linear, 1 ft, long or more cw. T iy.

Leaves ovate or lanceolale, 3 or 4 in. 1. Jong . eos « s. À. T. alismifolium,

Leaves 3-lobed.

i cr — ge & x Ab Qoi 8 T. Bronte

Lobes linear auiceuisuie 4 T. gne

Pig temi re 1i "d long, ineladin g the M. which is

sheathing at the base and gradua s 2n

broader and tapering to a point. Scape about Gin. high. Spat tha wi

j in. long, vU deos to a point. Female spike at the base of the spadix

, ut $ in. long. Neutral o organs filiform, recurved, uon

umerous. Male spike after a bare interval of ab

cylindrical, about $ in. long. Appendage ecce ania. thik

is ely truncate at the base, A conical, ac e, about 5

ong. rry ovoid-globular. —F. ete ll. Fragm. xi L187. :

Australia. Victoria River, F. Mueller. The reference vr ugs aer by Schott and

copied by F. Mueller to "Hook Kew. Miscell 1856, 321, is not This

plant was only in manuscript labels by F. Mueller, but is mentioned Hioned without

` SPecifie name in Hook. Kew. Journ. viii. 329, in a paper of F. Mueller's

das T. alismifolium, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 186.—4A smaller plant

t he other Fes species, the tuber estan smaller and vcn

Leaves undivided, ovate-lanceolate or lanceola

Purple S =

or almost black inside, 4 to 5 in. long, tapering

and not 1} in. broad in the broadest t part. Flowers in‘ isse ihe sme relire zu

Position as in the other Australian species, the terminal appendage

rather long. Berry ovoid-globular, about 2 lines diameter.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

154 CXXXV. AROIDER. [ Zyphoniun.

uell. F ^

6180 ; Arum orixense, R. Br. Prod. 336, but not of Ro

Queensland. Burnett River; F. Mueller ; Rockhampton and neighbourhood,

Thozet, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. : E

. S. W - Port Jackson, R. Brown; Hastings River, Beckler; ?

England, €. Stuart.

Var. eliosurum, F. Muell. Leaf-lobes

narrow, terminal appendage of the spadix

2 to 3 in i

long.—Manly Beach, Wilhelmi.

- T. angustilobum, F. Muell. Fragm. x. 66.— Leaf-lobes 3, nat

row-linear, 5 to 7 in. long and 1 to 12 lines broad. All the other chi

racters given apply entirely to the Z, Brownii var. eliosurum.

Queensland. Gilbert River, Armitage. A single specimen, of which I have bet?

unable to examine the spike.

2. BRACHYSPATHA, Schott.

Spatha broadly convolute at the base, the lamina open, shorter os

the spadix. owers unisexual, the females at the base of the spadit,

the m i

celled, sessile in pairs (or 4 l-celled), the cells opening in termino

pores. Ovary sessile or nearly so, 2-celled, with 1 erect ovule in "rg

oe peltate-capitate, on a very short style. Berry usually

S Seed albuminous.—Herbs with a broad depressed tuberous

rhizome. Lea 1, with 2 0

ves rad

sheathing scales at their base. de

The genus as limited by Schott comprises very few species from Ceylon and

Archi , of which the Australian species is one.

l. B. variabilis, Schott, Syn. Aroid. 35.—Leaf-petiole often abo

1 ft. long, the common rhachis divided into 3 branches, each bran

ual seg

ments, mostly acuminate, some oblong-elliptieal and 3 to 4 in. =

others ovate and 1 in. or shorter, all membranous, penniveine

ther numerous fine veins, tapering at the base and shortly petiol

Brachyspatha.] CXXXV. AROLDER. 155

or sessile and decurrent. Scape above 1 fi. Spatha acuminate,

spreading, 4 to 5 in. long. Flowering ea of the spadix about 2 in..

the Ste part much uis ger than the female, the terminal appendage

slightly fasiform, Ayo 8 to 10 in. long or even more.— Amor-

Hiskia variabilis, Blume, Rumphia, i. 146, t. 35.

N. Australia. North coast, R. Brown ; Port Darwin, Schultz, u. 562,

The species is also in the Malayan Archipelago. R. Brown, Prod. 337, referred

the leaves of this E which he had gathered on the North Coast, to Lie

which he i `

nati

however, with v very differe Moret is i katketa 6 only [im fro om PODÍA Ameri

and west, tropical Africa

9. COLOCASIA, Schott.

Spatha w

ith a convolute persistent base, the lamina long lanceolate

deciduous. Flo

owers unisexual, the females at the base of the spadix

by short ovoid neutral organs without any

i. : l A

"y x and sometimes obsolete. Perianth none. Anthers quet

n copious.—Seapes and leaves radical,

rge, doen or peltate, undivided.

The

as limited by NM dne ca of very few species xs the warmer

rons Teo the = World. The ustralian spani are also widely dispersed in

e ne of them is us fon ans cultivated.

Ves peltate. Ovules

Lea es cM D dACHIND

ves broadly hastitevcottate A Ovulés rather few . . . 2. C. macrorrhiza,

et antiquorum, Schott, Meletem. 18; Prod. Syst. droid. 138.—

ovate, more or less peltate and cordate, otten above 1 ft. long

the pon th

the pin mE ie lamina 6 in. long or more. = Sp ix much bred

a jr

Pais rather Se z to l in. long, the neutral part shorter, the male

mes obsolet HS the terminal appendage much shorter and some-

Wight, i At €. Stigmas almost sessile.—F. Muell. Fragm., viii. i

786 ; Caladium acre, R. Br. Prod. 336.

Endeavour River, Banks and Selander ; Rockingham Bay,

maane T is much Pier ilese in Moti An e Afi and dften

d, but its real native e country is not well asc ronde

2, x ane?

| c. Macrorrhiza, Schott, Meletem. 18.— Leaves dhin T long

156 CXXXV. AROIDER. [ Colocasia.

or more, very broadly hastate-cordate, with the venation of C. a

quorum, but not at all or only very slightly peltate. Spatha and e

very similar to those of that species as far as can be ascertained from

imperfectly dried specimens, the laminæ of the spatha rather broader

and the terminal appendage of the spadix longer. Anthers usually 2,

2-celled (or 4, o to each flower or cluster. Ovary 1-celled, with

Muell. Sard viii. 187; Oaladium macrorrhizon, R. Br. Prod. rm

Alocasia macrorrhiza, Schott, Prod. Syst. Aroid. 146.

Queensland. Ipswich, .Verist.; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Rockingham Bay,

Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan. ;

N. S. wW Hastings River, Beckler ; Richmond River, Mrs. Hodgkinson.

I have not found any specimen in Brown’s herbarium. The species is widely

spread over tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands.

4. RHAPHIDOPHORA, Hassk.

Spatha open to the base, usually very deciduous. Flowers hermaphro

dite or the lower ones without stamens, in acylindrical spike covering the

whole of the gs Perianth none. Stamens 4 to 6, adnate to the

sides of the ovary, or the anther-cells free, opening outwards in long"

tudinal slits. Urs with a thick angular fleshy truncate apex

lower part. Leaves M and deeply pinnatifid or in species not Au*

tralian smaller and entir

The genus as limited by Schott comprises s few cep Mss East India or th?

Malayan Archipelago, one of which isalsothe Australian o

1. R. pinnata, Schott in Bonplandia, v. 45 ; Prod. Syst. Arne

,— Stems climbing on trees to a great height. Leaves often 3

curved P

nected to about 4 in, from the centre, sometimes distinct almost to =

his, the terminal ones often united in a large broad lobe, all exce?

the lowest penniveined with a prominent central nerve and fine oblique

veins starti ng from it, and also numerous fine veins starting from e

general midrib or rhachis of the leaf, the lower lobes sometimes wit

only the fine veins, the base of the leaf cordate truncate or almost

acute. Spatha very pomo leaving a Minim noe va 3 or 4 D, i

but very imperfect in the Australian specimens seen.—R. vitiensis 9?

R. RTE Behott,i in Bonplandia, ix. 367.

[ A. Cunningham; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Fitzroy Island

Walt ET Deam, Koen. The species is also : in the Malayan Archipelag?

Rhaphidophora. CXXXV. AROIDER. 157

Schott distinguishes the three species cited above by the DN the aa of

the lobing, and. the cordate or non-cordate base of the leaf, ditferenc which may be

re remain only a few anthers with short divaricate anthers shortly protruding

` above the ovary. The stigma is oblong, adnate to the centre of the truncate apex.

5. GYMNOSTACHYS, R. Br.

Flowers E DAE packed s in slender spikes without any

o with a very minu nth of 4 scale-like segments in 2

Series. Stamens 4, sm» E D se cunts ; filaments short, thick,

lls

along a tall otherwise leafless

> l p wit very long

stass-like radical leaves. p dub: in the axils of leafy bracts

cape

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia.

ui G. anceps, R. Br. Prod. 337.—Roots swollen into fusiform

Ts. Radical leaves erect, rather rigid, strongly nerved, 1 to 8 ft.

rales usually 3 to 4 4: lines “br oad. Scapes nearly as tall, much

ik ed, x acute smooth or serrulate-scabrous edges. Clusters of

e es usually 3 or 4 :

long —g k Vate, truncate, not Aming the ovary. Berries 3 or 4 lines

Schott, Gen. Aroid. t 97; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 187

Riy d. Moreton Ba ackho house, F. Mueller and others ; Condamine

man ; Rockhampton, 2 Bowman, Thozet

Sart; rud Hunter and Paterson Brest: Bráver- See England, ©

8s River, Fraser, Beckler ; Clarence River, Wilco; ee River,

> Southward to Illaw. warra, vi Pp OERO o Kiama, H:

6. POTHOS, Linn.

Spatha

deciduon ovate or lancéolate, concave or flat, at length reflexed or

Pei. of Nha ne pass aphr ed covering the whole

obo

cuneate concave segments or scales, in 2

6 or patel opposite the segments ; filaments flattened ;

inal, 2-celled, the cells opening on ovoid

with 1 erect ovule in each sessile.

; stigma s

by abortion. Seed without vite the testa

158 CXXXV. AROIDEX. [.Pothos.

membranous but rather thick. Embryo thick and hard, ema : eavity

inthe upper end enclosing a prominent plumula and a small cotyle-

donous end curved over it.—Tall climbers. Leaves usually distichél

with the lamina articulate on a phyllodineous petiole. Spikes (or

spadices) cylindrical or globular, terminal, or if a are the peduncle

enclosed at the base in two or more sheathing, bract

us as now ee extends over tropical Asia to do d China and v "-

dos M dedu. the only Australian one proving to be

Philippine Islands and South, China

. P. Loureiri, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. Voy. 220.—A glabrous

cas r, clinging to the stems of trees and sometimes covering the

tallest of them. Leaves exceedingly variable in tii Australian =

mens, the phyllodineous petiole sometimes linear-lanceolate es or 6

long, not 3 lines wide an rounded at the end, without any dr

very small lamina, and passing gradually from that to bikes

l$ to 4 in. long, 3 to9 lines broad at the upper end, where it is rounded

or truncate or broadly or deeply obcordate, the lamina from ovate-

ways

Queens Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Pine River, W. Hill; Port Mackay:

Nernst ; Rockingham m "NH ; Mount Dryander, Fitzalan. d

N. S. Wales. Has tings, Clarence, Macleay, and Richmond Rivers, Beckler an

others; Bellinger River, C. Moore ; Tweed River, Guilfoyle.

The species is also in the disi ev and South China. The characters by bc

Schott sought to distinguish the Chinese P. Zoureiri and the Philippine E ES

The species has sometimes the foliage of the commo?

e fo 0

dens; inb in > pente distinguished by the spike, dul and cylindrical, no

Bum ma or ovoi

Orver CXXXVI. TYPHACEZE.

Stamens 3 or fewer to each eee. anthers erect, narrow, the “eel

placed back to back and opening in gece slits. Ovary of 3

A et ea eh iam SAW er IRURE SEGUE NEED.

CXXXVI. TYPHACEZX. 159

single carpel, containing a single pendulous ovule, and tapering into a

simple style, with an adnate unilateral stigma. Fruit a small 1-seeded

nut, with a membranous or drupaceous pericarp. Seed pendulous, with

lbu i

straight, with a superior radicle.— Reed-like marsh or aquatic

herbs, with long linear parallel-veined leaves, sheathing at the

ase,

The Order is limited to the two genera represented in Australia and both of them

widely distributed over the globe, especially in temperate regions.

Flowers in cylindrical spikes, the females enveloped in a

Soft dense copious down formed of numerous long

capillary ENIMS Oo S Se on pu n l. TypHa.

Flowers in globular heads, the ovaries surrounded by about

6 linear scales or perianth-segments . . . . . . . 2. SPARGANIUM.

l. TYPHA, Linn.

Spikes cylindrical, the upper male portion contiguous with the

lower female v s s

in the

seal e fem

, affixed to the stipes, falling off with the fruit and assuming the

aspect of a pappus at its base.

The genus consists of ies wi i

£ very few species widely spread over the temperate regions

i the globe, especially i rthern hemisphere, and found also within the tropics

though Specifically distinguished by some botanists, appears to be really

ii s angustifolia, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. iii. 9 Stems erect,

ft. high in some localities, attaining 8 to 12 ft.in West Australia

: aves often as long as or longer than the

cording to Oldfield

small, cbovoid or fusiform, contracted into a stipes, —

us pericarp free from the seed.—R. Br. Prod.

JL BO.

160 CXXXVI. TYPHACEX. [ Typha.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; in the interior, M*Dougal Stuart's

Expedition,

Queensland. Moreton Ireland, M‘Gillivray ; Rockhampton, oet and

others.

S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Richmond River, Mrs. Hody-

kian:

Victoria. Mitta Mitta, F. Mueller ; Wimmera. C. Green. ;

Tasmania. R. Brown; common in marshes or banks of rivers, etc., J.D.

Hooker,

W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1874 ; Murchison River, Oldfield.

The species is generally distributed over the area of the genus.

I have found no specimens in Brown’s herbarium and I give his stations from the

hmann, i ich has the

Prodromus. hic :

male and female spikes exceptionally contiguous, to the European 7. esi)

: : A : «

character of no practical use. Ic ns

shape of the stigma, which varies in being rather more or less decurrent on thè

style in the European as in the Australian plant.

2. SPARGANIUM, Linn.

Flowers in globular heads distant from each other along the rhachis,

one or more upper ones male and sessile, the lower ones female and

sessile or the lowest pedunculate. Stamens in

and usually falling off with the surrounding scales. Pericarp

drupaceous, with a thin epicarp and hard indehiscent endocarp.

The us, like Typha, consists of a small number of species widely spread ov

the northern hemisphere, but the Australian species which is also in New Ze b

though nearly allied to one of the northern ones, appears to be distinguishable by

characters that may be regarded as specific.

. S. angustifolium, R. Br. Prod.338, not of Miche —Stems from

a shortly creeping rhizome erect, not very stout, 1 to 2 ft. high or

rarely more. Lower and radical :

bro | the midrib aeutely prominent underneath, the lower portion €*

panding into long many-nerved rather narrow sheaths. Inflorescent”

simple or with one short branch in the axil of the uppermost leaf, wit

leafy bracts under several of the lower heads. Heads few or numerous:

all sessile or the lowest one pedunculate. Filaments of the males

about twice as long asthe scales. Ovaries in the females tapering 2”

a thick style, with the stigma decurrent about halfway down. Fruit:

Sparganium.] OXXXVI. TYPHACER. 161

sessile or nearly so, broadly obovoid, very obtuse, mucronate with the

persistent remains of the s style.

Pu Yarra, ake uec, Moun tar Coe and Ovens River, F.,

iei plant has the simple inflorescence foliage and habit of the erect varieties of

€ no; ur S. simplex, but has not the narrow tienes siform fruit of that

aiti is qe «d that of S. ramosum but sm

Pur: p Lea about 4 in. broad and Vi. inflorescence sometimes .

Oldie rmt the specimens pol t yeti in fruit.—N. S. Wales, Leichhardt, Woolls,

hese specimens see how some approach to "n common no

8, UT Can they have bor per ier

Order CXXXVII. LEMNACEZ.

o n ne.

fives, her 1- or2- celled. Ov ry 1-celled, with 1 or more ovules.

See ey ort, with a slightly thickened ami Fruit a minute utricle.

or more, with or without albumen

The

Spread ek! limited to the two — ee in Australia, is widely

rectly iden Tthe globe in Vene or standing w. The Au v species, if cor-

ever Amin bl have all a w e range, at Mar in the Old World. ‘There is how-

herbaria, ‘eee e difficulty in hes ermining many of the sos IR preserved in

Tecently work od 1 i ctification. e Lemnaceme hav ind

elaborate e e o car e by Professor F. Hegelmaier, of Tübingen, in an

i ie nt 4 eine

the characte Pie te ted by 16 plates (Die Lemnaceen, Leipzig, 1868, copies

own dist he species independently of the fructifica

Pref ese practically asce wi ho the nt s 4 of a

distinctions of th I have therefore here confined myself to: the more obvious

Which some f e principal species without T into the e particulars by

details to Hege of the Australian forms mig se Speed, referring for further

Â Special a ier's work, which oisi Spe iano by all those (s would make

dy of these burious organism

Fronds miny

n, e te, ee no fibres, flowering in a bn on the

Tonds emitting from Mfr under edu one or mare fib "

Tower in a fme of tho mar , 2. LEMNA.

1. WOLFFIA.

162 CXXXVII. LEMNACER.

1. WOLFFIA, Horkel.

Fronds minute, emitting no fibres. Flowers bursting from a cavity

>. the upper surface of the frond, without any spatha or bract. Anther

1, globular, nearly sessile, opening in 2 valves. ay globular with

a single erect ovule; style short with a broad stigm

1. W. arrhiza, Wimm. ; Hegelm. Lemn., 124, t. 2,3, var. austri-

liana.— Fronds mostl Woi line diameter, as h oad as long, very

thin except the thickened side whence the new frond arises, whilst in

the typical JF. arrhiza they are scarcely above 3 line diameter and thick

all over. Fructification of the Australian form unknown.— Lem

arrhiza, Linn.; Wolfia Michelii, Schleid.; F. Muell. Fragm. Vii

187.

Victoria. Mount Emu Creek, where it is not mixed with other em =

Piers. and swamps near Mount Gilibran d, mixed with Lemna minor, F

Mueller.

F. Muell r, Fragm. viii. 188 informs us that Hegelmaier, to whom he appears

have pao ated specimens of the plant, could not in the barren state he

fronds safely distinguish it from JW. dri hice, aBiough: it looks very different fini

allour specimens of that species whether from Europe or East India. I do not it

however any single frond attaining 1 to 13 linesasdescribed by F. Mueller, nor ol

one twice as long as broad, tho Aur jme and there two dei are closely joi?

together so as almost to 1 look like o

2. LEMNA, Linn.

Fronds emitting one or more root fibres from their um

face. Flowers iss uing fro piai in pai margin of the a

Anthers with 2 distinct cells, pire open n two valves, at the €

of a distinct filament. Style short or ES or in lengthened.

Geographical distribution that of the Order.

mod one to each frond

oblo ong | or narro one end, the

"young e ones often projecting on hes dde at both ends.

1. Z. trisulea.

Fronds an ovate, rather thin, slightly | convex under-

neath, the on .

A yo ang es soon detached from one LN A L. em

Tenda Beg L minor r but rather thicker, Ovules 2 or PA

LI Li . . * . . . . H 3. oe g t s

Root-fibres li te r under each frond. D rRBÉ

ds thin, oval or iive rarely above : lines long . . 4. L. oligorr

Faik Pegen — orbi. "c nearly 3 lines à

diameter kar "eme pss E PE

L. trisulc inn. ; , Hegelm. Lemn. 184, -

oblong or lanceolate, often 1 im. lo ong and sbout ad an ps

thin, w and minutely toothed at one end and ending in 4

stalk at the other, with 2 young ones usually growing from spo

sides and remaining long adherent, and emitting a single

Lemna.) CXXXVII. LEMNACEX. 163

from underneath. Stamens usually 2. Ov Ag. with 1 ovule "e

a very short style.—R. Br. Prod. 345 ; ` Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 88;

Muell. Fragm. viii, 188.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; sources ofthe Gwydir, Leichhardt.

Victoria. Murray River, F. Mueller

Tasmania, R, irj E still waters, but less frequent than LZ. minor, J. D.

Hooker,

Common in the northern hemisphere. Brown's stations for s bo the following

species are taken from his Prodromus, I have not seen his specim

Queensland, wc e Apane. ‘Ys Bowman ; Brisbane, Bailey.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackso

Victoria. In the Yarra, F. r^ ee

» R. Brown; ; abundant, J. D. Hooker.

W. Australia, Drum

The commonest species in most parts of the area of the genus.

gibba, Linn. ; Popia: tte 145, t. 11, 12.—Fronds of

M size and shape of those of Z. minor and cler emitting a single

m the underside, but nli eevee convex underneath, and the

ovary has 2 or more ovules

* e Australia, Oldfield, Drummond, n. 178 ? ;

Widely spread over the area of the genus, but not so common as ^" minor.

a Didüclq's specimens have a few flowers and Hegelmaier appears

te,

ty Fast Indian) named by him Z. paneicostata certainly appear to me

to the common thin- fronded L. min

* L. oligorrhiza, Kurz; 147, t. 16.—Fro

m sel oua resembling those of L. enis but us

though ra rely much above 2 lines long, 3- © we d

2 the underside a cluster of several roots or deci rox

ial > but som metimes more. Fructification unknown.—L. P

L. melanorrhiza, F. Muell.; Kurz in Seem. Journ. 1867,

Entrance of the A ac River, F. Muell. :

Bee eme East India and the Malayan Archipelago

164 CXXXVII. LEMNACEZ. [Lemna

5. L. polyrrhiza, Lin»».—Fronds very broadly ovate or most

frequently orbicular, mostly nearly 3. lines diameter, rather thin but

more herbaceous than most species and often darker coloured, emitting

ny fibres. Fr c

N. S. Wales, Leichhardt.

Victoria. Lagoons of the Towang, F. Mueller.

Generally spread over the area of the genus, though not so common as L. minor.

Appears to be rather frequent in East India.

Oxper CXXXVII. NAIADER.

Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, regular or very imperfect.

Perianth of 6, 4 or 3.small scale-like segments or rudimentary or none.

in longitudinal slits. Ovary of 6 or f :

more or less connate or solitary, tapering into distinct entire 0°

branched styles or with sessile stigmas; ovules 1 or rarely several 1

pa cell, laterally attached at or above or rarely below the middle.

ruit of i i

testa and no a n mbryo the shape of the or more Colle

or hooked at the upper cotyledonous end, the ula frequently pro

ged p

rarely erect marsh herbs with radical leaves. Flowers small, usually

en, m spikes heads or solitary, on axillary peduncles or radic

scapes, or entirely enclosed in the sheathing bases of floral leaves

or braets.

The Order, like Alismacea, i I ted in tl hes, ponds, and shallow

of most parts of the „world, and includes some exclusively marine genera as ters

. Utthe A ian genera six have a very wide range over the Wà v

of both hemispheres, two are limited to the shores of the Old World, and one or t;

‘lo a ^ c x rsp A or very reduced state of the perianth ieh

sessile anthers opening outwards readily distin guish the order from Alismace@,

are otherwise its nearest allies. T

waters

widely

A 1 t

Trine I, Potameæ. Flowers hermaphrodite. Anthers short and broad, sessile ©

the base of the scale-like perianth-segments. Carpels 3 to 6, 1-seeded.

Flowers usuall 3-merous or 6-mero

us. Carpels frequently

ripe. irsh or aquatic plants, with erect

scapes and erect € or rarely floating leaves . . 1. TRIGLOCHIN.

Flowers usually 4-merous, Carpels free. Aquatic plants

axillary 2o£ wo. €. 7. v. 2. PorAMOGEPON:

II.

TRIBE Zostereæ. Flowers hermaphrodite or uniserual, Perianth none ©

rudimentary or in one sex only. Carpels 1 to 3 or rarely more, 1-seeded or rarely several-

seeded. Aquatic submerged plants, mostly marine or subsaline,

CXXXVIII. NAIADEA, 165

Flowers hermaphrodite, spicate. Leaves alternate.

Spikes enclosed when young in the sheathing bases of

aves. Stamens 2. Carpels 2 at first sessile,

but when in fruit on long stalks . . . . . . . 3. RUPPIA.

Spikes several on a lo scape,. each with 2 sheathing

bracts at the base in the axils of a floral-leaf. Sta-

mens 3. Carpel 1, sessile. Marine plant . . 4. Postponi.

Flowers unisexual, spicate. . Leaves alternate. Spikes

andr ous enclosed in the base of floral leaves..

Stamens and carp i OMe wikia Sd eats aes

Flowers xual, solitary within the sheathing bracts.

Leaves alternate. Anthers 2 or 3, dorsally connate.

Anthers 2, Carpels 2. arine plan 4A be sors AN RM OHBODRA:

thers and carpels usually 3. Subsaline aquatic plants 7.

afud unisexual solitary, Leaves opposite. Carpels

80 .

Antherl, Carpeli-seeded . RA aor ee E a ARAM

Anthers 3, Carpel several-seeded . . . . . . . . 9. HALOPHILA.

TRIBE I. Potamem.—Flowers hermaphrodite. Anthers short and

broad, sessile at the base of the scale-like perianth-segments. Carpels

3 to 6, L-seeded.

l. TRIGLOCHIN, Linn.

(Cyenogeton, Endi. Maundia, F. Muell.)

Flowers hermaphrodi ianth- ents

à phrodite or rarely polygamous. Perianth-segments

‘cale-like, 3, 6 or fewer. . Stamens ‘as many or few

iret, the short terminal styles or stigmas always distinct. Ovules soli-

T4 fin each carpel, laterally attached below the middle. Fruit of 6 or

i mdeh scent deciduous 1-seeded nutlets, the 3 empty carpels of some

= Ta remaining attached to a central axis and assuming the appear-

“e of dissepiments of a capsule. Seed erect, cylindrical or ovoid, the

aquatic her ws embryo straight, the shape of the seed.—Marsh or

er Chers, Leaves all in radicai tufts, linear or filiform. Scapes

mee Simple and leafless, bearing a terminal spike of small flowers

e or shortly pedicellate, without bracts.

ei gents is Spread over a great part of the globe, but mostly in extratropical or

Australian i

cal regions, Of the 5 species, one is generally a

Nader as well as southern temperate and eabinepionl America, South Africa, and

: * -=

Shark the others appear to endemic, Triglochin, with its nearest

Alismacee y orming the tribe of Juncaginee under or - to,

in the peo ri It appears to mo to be much more nearly connected tamogeton

ye . *

| the Greek, cuter, but modern purists have called attention to the feminine gender of

from ved.

* aL Eutriglochin.— Fruits with 3 perfect deciduous nutlets, leaving a

166 CXXXVIII. — NAIADEX. [ Triglochin.

axis with 3 thin € carpels resembling dissepiments.. Stamens usually 3 perfect or in

the terminal flower

Stock stoloniferous. Scape — 3 in. to nearly 1 ft. ood :

Fruit nearly orbicular 1, Z. striata.

Dwarf ZR without stolones. ' Scape usually under 3 in.

Fruit narrow, the perfect — with an angle or short

Spuratthe base. . . 2. T. centrocarpa.

Fruit seed obovate or ang ar-turbinate, truncate at í

the to the outer a mucronate 3 . T. mucronata.

Secr. II. o: enogeton.— Fruits with 3 to 6 pe; Jj USER dena any barren one

or persistent axis. Stamens cad 6, rarely 4 or

quoe E y 3 ft. high. Leaves long. Carpels 6, rarely 3,

r less united, at least when in flower or -F

pene from the

4. T. procera.

Scapes tall, with a sheath at the "base. `. (Leaves none e?).

Carpels 2 or 3, united to the sper, at least when in oi

flower. Nutlets almost drupac . 6. T. Maundit.

Secr. I. EurRIGLOCHIN.—Fruits with 3 CUP deciduous nutlets,

Bern a central axis with 3 thin barren carpels resem aby p

ments. Stamens usually 3 perfect or in the terminal flower 6

eaves

almost filiform, very variable in engin but almost always kote than

the scape. Scape from 2 or 3 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, flowering " ies

. Flowers Pues pedicellate, often very n voe

Outer cmi pap broadly Men d & line long, the -

leaving 3 thin irc AN united to the central axis and having the?

the memes he dissepiments of k p Big em le.— a in

ragm. vi. 83; T. dec cipiens, R. T. filifolium, Sie

Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 142, also of Heg lel Pl. t. 579 ; T. triand

Mich. Fl. Bor. Amer. i. 208, Hoo k. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 40; Z. m ontevidens®

Spreng. Syst. ii. 145, Seub. in Mart. FI. Bras. iii. part i. t. 12.

) d. Moreto eller

apogr d TM ie n Island, Jf: ae eie doi rp River, Mri

Hodgkinson ; Lew Hiver, Wilcox. Mueller;

Victoria. Glenelg, bourn F. i

Mount William, recen pr e ver; X Parcs = bitte Riven, Å Fullagar.

"Tasmania.

George s So River, Dri"

€ egre fni ‘ones thence to Swan

sais largor specimens with 2 prominent ataminodia have usually broader le?

Triglochin.] CXXXVIII. NAIADEJE. 167

The species is widely spread over extratropical South America and is also in North

America and in New Zealand. The Magellan plant however referred to by Grisebach

to me to be quite distinct both in the rootstock and in the form of the fruit

and is probably the true 7. maritima.

- T. centrocarpa, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 728.—A dwarf slender plant

usually densely tufted. Radical leaves subulate, often all under 4 in.

y lanther-bearing segment and 2 lateral empty

ones, the others with 3 or rarely 6 segments, all anther-bearing, but the

frui me small specimens only one seed ripens in the whole

t.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 0; Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 54; 7. nanum,

x Muell, in Trans, Vict. Inst. 1855, 135, and in Hook. Kew. Journ.

YUL, 332, Fragm. vi. 82,

g; Vietoria, Wendu Vale, Robertson, near Melbourne, Harvey ; Brighton, Hopkins

In Station Peak, etc., F. Mueller ; Murray River, Dallachy.

S. , Abundant in sandy moist places, J. D. Hooker,

wy Aastralia, Barossa Range and Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller.

i Australia. King George's Sound to Swan River, F. Mueller, Drummond,

Dre ^. 682 and n, 313, Preiss, n. 2409 and 2411 ; Murchison and Vasse Rivers,

The fruits in this s : : : ee iti Inthe

orm pecies are exceedingly variable in size and position. In the rare

- figured as above they are strictly pot almost sessile and 2 lineslong, in some

n spec sessile or disti

oner form with ], t fruits by numerous inte ates. T.

t onge ore erec s

hophora, Nees ; Endl. in PL ced ii. 54, from Rottenest Island, is a small slender

YE. caleitr lines or in one

uito apa. Fruits full 3 lines long, the basal spurs 1 to 14 lines or in

ot fis long —7, ealetivapa, Hook. Ic. p. t. 731.—S wan River, rauca " Sw

Singlo speria joked gives rather an exaggerated idea of the spur ev

168 OXEXVIIT. NALADER. —— [Triglochin.

3. T. mucronata, R. Br. Prod. 343. —A dwarf tufted plant, u

sually

1 to3 in. high, but in some luxuriant specimens the scape twice as

angular-turbinate, truncate at the to , with er outer angles

often but not a ways mucronate by the persistent styles, those of the

3 perfect deciduous carpels horizontal, those of the three dissepimenr

like barren persistent ones erect.—Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii 54; £

Muell. Fragm. vi. 81; Z, Neesti, Endl. 1. c.

Victoria. Hopkins River, Point Lonsdale, Mount Abrupt, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Rivoli Bay, Port Lincoln, angaroo Island, F. Mueller. sa

W. Australia. i eorge’s Sound, R. Brown ; and thence to Swan River.

F. Mueller ; Drummond, n. 177, Preiss, n. 2402.

Szction II. CvowoaETON.—Fruits with 3 to 6 perfect epee

without any barren ones or persistent axis. Stamens usually 6, rarely

long, straight or spirally twisted, the carpels themselves straight

faleate.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 40; F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 83; Z. linearis,

Endl. in Pl. Preiss. ii. 94; Cyenogeton Huegelii, Endl. in Aun. be

Mus. ii. 211, Iconogr. t. 73, and in Pl. Preiss. ii.55; C. linearis, Sond

in Linnea, xxviii. 225,

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown. ;

T inge rer Rockhampton and neighbourhood, O'Shanesy, Bowman ; Brisbane

‘iver, Bailey.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, J. D. Helen

Wins New England, C. Stuart; Macleay River, C. Moore; Clarence Rivet

ileor.

Victoria. Rivers and Creeks from the S. Australian frontier eastward, Robert-

son, F. Mueller and many others,

i Abundant in fresh and brackish waters, J. D. Hooker.

S. A orrens River, F. Mueller; Encounter Bay, Whittaker.

W. Australia. Swan hiver, Drummond, Preiss, n. 2406; Lake Muir, Muir.

Var. eleutherocarpa. Fruiting carpels free from the base and very much curved,

Triglochin.] OXXXVII. NAIADEJX. 169

but usually 6. ralia, Drummond, n. 314, Preiss, n. 2405 ; Blackwood and

Tweed dub zd Pant Crean, 0 2 eld.

Carpels 3, r 6, curved as in the var. eleutherocarpa and

spent pe from the first, po inai when in fruit.— T, dubium, R. Br. Prod,

313.—M:Adam Range and Robinson Rive er, F. Mueller ; Cape River, Bowman ;

Rocking gham Bay, Dallachy. I se no specimen in Brown's herbarium but refer

this to his species from his diagn

The gen us Cynogeton was dal by Endlicher opony on the peeeoe d a second

abortive ovule in each carpel. This second ovule is not mentioned by any other

Observer. and H ooker could not find it. I searched i in v pa Tor it ia: a mue of

ieties and it is only in that I found a minute

stipitate gan hed to hai short funicle iba might scantily be an iani. ovule,

peiess

though qui

5. T. Maundii, F. Muel. Fragm. vi. 83.—Roots apparently thiek,

with numerous small fibres. Stems erect, terete, leafless, 2 ft. high or

more, No leay

the ss 8 , Fruit about 3 lines long, cylindrical, but with 2 furrows on

thin] as da each carpel, the carpels almost drupaceous, each with a

"uy cartilaginous endocarp with an acute dorsal rib, the exocarp

tie Im rather thick, the 9 dorsal obtuse ribs often leaving cell-like cavi-

ires ween them and the endoearp. Seed ae cylindrical, erect.

aundia triglochinoides, F Muell. Fragm. i. 23.

Queensland. Brisbane Riv Mueller, W. Hill, Baile

N. S. Wales. Tweed d RAE ree is ^:

T probably from : "ipe error that F. Mueller described the seed as pendu-

alwa d celled erede not 8 to 12 1-celled ones, the cells being

YS united in p pun by the connectiv

2. POTAMOGETON, Linn.

um hermaphrodite. Perianth- segments 4, scale-like, small,

sapr at the base or almost s stipitate. St tamens 4, itiserted

» :

dep, the cells opening outwards in longitudinal slits. Carpels 4,

Solitary’ Ship short, beni or the oblique stigmas sessile ; ovules

Fruit ach carpel, laterally attache at or above the middle.

of 4 nti ts or fewer by abortion, somewhat drupaceous, t

"i membranous or Soccer) fleshy, the endocarp rather hard, crus-

obovoid e curved or horseshoe-shaped, round a clavate or

shape d projection of the endocarp ; testa membranous. Embryo the

E seed.— Aquatie herbs with a perennial rootstock ; stems

^ "d pa at el floating usually forked and often rooting at the lower

alternate or rarely opposite, wholly submerged or with

170 CXXXVIII. NAIADER. [ Potamogeton.

The genus is dispersed in the ws or subs d — Se ies ers part of the

globe. Of the nine Aus pecies seven are c rate regions

especially in lie: Old World, uM extends Nou Bae End dis 9m i the a

i and one only is endemic but more nearly allied to American than to

cies

— deyv the flowers as unisexual, describing the stamens as distinct ke

flow the carpels of the Rand as separate female flowers, a view in whi

vani a difficult to concur

SEC I.— Leaves all ana and petiolate with floating lamine, or the lower ones

AN. Stipules connate within the petiole.

Fruit-spikes csi: p not ning a complete coil.

s usually 2 to 4 in. orlonger. Nutlets

oi e Miley beaked

Floating leaves H to à in. long. Nutlets distinctly

beaked .

. 2. P. tenuicaulis

Nisikchose globular. "Nutlets LI not. beaked. Seed z

forming a complete coil . . 8. P. Drummonda.

l. P. natans.

EOTION IL.— Leaves all s sei sessile or nearly so, those under cha pahi a

cone Jes opposita, the ccs alternate. Stipules connate within the petiole, often very

zem nón SCA dt ovate or finie DES e

£p. E

Paves oblong-lanceolate, many-ne . 6. P. pralongus *

ves w-oblong or rarel Mad ar, "usually 3-nerved, :

. very obtuse, the margins often undulate-cri 6. P. crispus.

Leaves narrow-linear.

ear, obtuso or Parenti acute, 1-nerved. Pr.

Spikes 4 i = peng or 7. P. obtusifolius.

ves narrow-linear, EY Mis i- or or S-nerved. Spikes

short n RUM Toydioser Seod fo Loy

plete coil . 8. P. acutifolius.

Secrion III

TON all RES sessile or near ES so with sheathing margins i

no distinct stipules.

Leaves narrow-linear, l-nerved. Stems repeatedly dicho- $

E gg NP TS SE a kl... 9. P. pectinatus.

l. P.natans, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. iii. 127.—U pper leaves or often

the "wholé of them on long petioles,

of a thick opaque texture, ova ate or

broad, or rarely in smali

ew eins 0

; lower submerged leaves wie ly few a

often xe 2d all submerged thin and narrow but xdg bo

and several-nerved. Stipules ike

nnate, free from the petiole mem at the very beny Sp

Potamogeton.) OXXXVIII. NAIADEA. 171

dense and cylindrical, often 1 in. long or more, on a stout peduncle.

Nuts ovoid, above 1 line long, slightly compressed, uud straight, with

lor3 dorsal ribs, CS or acute, quite entire or more or gr dentieu-

late or murieate.—R. Br. Prod. 943; Hook. f. FL Tasm. ii. 41; F.

Muell. Fragm. i viii. any, Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 50; P. het terophyllus,

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. Al, and of some authors, but not the true plant o

Schreber,

N. S. Wales. "Port fedet, gi re pter in rivers and creeks, Woolls

E vs others.

Rivers and creeks in various parts of the colony, F. Mueller and

many De

Tasmania. Pondsand still rivers, abundant, but usually a small-leaved variety,

J. D, Hooker and others

tralia.

S. Aus Murray and Tamunda Rivers, F. Mue

Ww. Rants tralia, Pur: Murchison River, eter

The "eei 1s one of the most common over the greater part of the area of the

genus. The few specimens in which the e floating leaves are wanting are Wee

confounded with varieties of F; riu dire but are readily distinguished b

leaves more or ee petiolate and several-nerv:

2. P, tenuicaulis, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 90, 244, viii. 217.— Perhaps

à variety of P. natans, with which it is closely connected through

the small Tasmanian variety of that species. Stems almost filiform.

F aiig leaves oblong-elliptical or lanceolate, 3 to 1$ in. long, acute at

the bas €w-nerved. Stipules very thin. " Submer ed leaves few,

end ‘Spikes dense, 4 to 6 lines long. Nutlets smaller than in P.

i area more distinctly rostrate and the ribs often but not always

atic

ulate.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, F. Mue

,, Queensland, Bris B River. Bailey ; More diii Bay, Leichhardt ; Rockhamp-

D, Bowman, 0’ Shanes y; jadis gham Bay, Dallachy ; Mont Elliot, Fitzalan.

This is evidently the same as the Bengal plant which Indian botanists have re-

ferred to the North h rth American 2 Abr idus, Mich. which it closely resembles in habit,

^ and inflorescence, but the fruit is very different and the seed is n y

Filed. It It ma y be, as suggested by F. Mueller, the same as P. jav Ra! anicus, Hassk. from

fea andif s xd should bear that name, but the character given is insufficient for veri-

n and we have no specimens for comparison,

Drummon dii, Benth. — Floating leaves on long slender

E tpn oblong 1 to 1i in. TE thin and many-nerved;

Scare > With numerous small closely packed nutlets, each one

cely 1 line ong, the dorsal rib and lateral angles very prominent, the

"e Coto 80. Seed much curved forming usually a complete coil.

i d.

This differs fro st old-world and comes nearest to the N. American

in its poo a arto Re pe edem but differs from that — = the

n remarkably large and ulva-like, the floating leaves hinner

longer and the seed not quite so spiral.

172 CXXXVIII. NATADEX. [ Potamogeton.

they are opposite, all sessile, ovate or almost orbicular, clasping the

stem with broad rounded auricles which are sometimes united on the

opposite side, thin and many-nerved, 2 to 1d in. long and often quite as

broad. Stipules only on very young shoots. Peduncles longer than

scarcely beaked.—R. Br. Prod. 343 ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 219;

Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 29.

N.S. Wales: Hunter's Patersons and Williams Rivers, R. Brown.

Victoria. Tamboand Lake Wellington, F. Mueller

Tasmania. South Esk River, C. Stuart.

Common in the northern hemisphere,

5. P. prelongus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 217, but perhaps not of

Wulf.—Leaves all submerged, alternate except under the peduncles

and branches where they are opposite, mostly stem-clasping, oblong-

lanceolate, obtuse, more or less contracted at the base, 2 to 4 in. ms

the margins slightly crisped, many-nerved but the midrib broad an

very prominent underneath towards the base, the lateral nerves fine

and often faint. Stipules short and thin, very soon disappearing.

Pedunceles mostly shorter than the leaves, the flowering spike dense,

3 to 5 lines long. Fruit not seen.

Victoria. Tambo River, F. Mueller.

. Tasmani ecimens from South Esk River, C. Stuart, without flowers may

possibly be the same species.

I cannot match these specimens with any of the numerous ones we have of pi

prelongus from various parts of the world. In the typical species the stipules

remarkably conspicuous and persistent besides minor characters.

crispus, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 193.— Leaves all p

merged, alternate and contracted at the base, except when under

seen on the young shoots. Peduncles rather long. Spikes us al rib

4 to 5 lines long. Fruits rather large, distinetly beaked, the dors al

Or ribs entire or rarely denticulate.—R. Br. Prod. 343; F. Mue!

Fragm: viii. 217 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 29.

N. Australia. Albert River, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Rockhampton, O' Shanesy and other:

N. Williams

River, Mrs. Ford, : ` -

Common in the northern hemisphere. The typical form has the leaves very ™

broader than in P. obtusifolius and much imde fm the edges, but the narrow-leaved

forms come very to that species,

-. T. P. obtusifolius, Mert. et Koch ; Kunth, Enum. iii. 195. —Sten*

Potamogeton.} OXXXVIII, NAIADER, 173

slender, terete or somewhat flattened. Leaves all ipee alternate

except under the peduncles or branches. where they are ma pe)

with the upper end obliquely reflexed.—F. Muell Fragm., viii. 216;

dg le. Fl. Germ. t. 25: P. Maii R. Br. Prod. 348 ; Hook.

f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 42 and of some other

N.S. Wales. Ponds near m Spip a R. Brown ; Camden county, Miss —

Atkinson ; New England, C. Stu

Victoria. Yarra and HT. ACRES hy F. Mueller and others.

Tasmania. South Esk River, Gunn, C. Sti

S. Australia. Torrens River, F. Mueller.

The Linnean names P, gramineus and P. compressus have been so variously applied

this e following species, as well as. to the varieties of some of the hetero-

Den P.o Sipp is onè of the most pios qmd over the area of the genus.

ckerman defines the N. es meriean form as having the upper curved end of tbe

embryo (and seed) horizontal; I have found it very TM DIA slightly or much curved,

sometimes almost coiled, € reflexed, but I have never scen it horizontal.

acutifolius, Link; Kunth, Enum. iii. 185.—Very near P.

th,

tin with the same habit and stipules, the stems more frequently

ttened and the leaves generally very y. with : rominent eentral

| one

Mss 26; P. compressus, F. Muell. F raga vin. 216, and of many

Victoria. Murray River, F. Mueller.

`. P. p ectinatus, Lin , Enum. iii. 137.—Stems very

ile repeatedly dichotomous. T s all submer rged, very narrow-

ther long ceni isi cM scuriada is Que. edge and often projecting at

top into 2 small scarious lobes, the sheathing stipules of the other

Species Wanting or rarely sheathing the base of the peduncle. Peduncles

cach d aring

other, ben a slender interrupted spike, rarely reduced to a

‘terminal cluster. Nutlets of P. Presb or rather smaller.—

174 CXXXVIII. NAIADER. [Potamogeton

Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 19; P. marinus, Linn. ; F. Muell. Fragm. vil.

217; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 18.

Victoria. YarraandGillibrand Rivers and Lake Colac, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent River, Abbott.

S. Australia. Holdfast Bay, St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller.

Very generally distributed over the area of the genus, in fresh and brackish

waters.

Tarsz II. ZosrEREx.—Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual.

Perianth none or rudimentary or in one sex only. rpels 1 to 3 d

rarely more, l-seeded or rarely several.seeded. Aquatic submerge

plants, mostly marine or subsalin

9. RUPPIA, Linn.

Flowers hermaphrodite, in a spike enclosed when young in s

sheathing bases of the floral leaves. Perianth none. Anthers 2, ee

with 2 distinct cells (described sometimes as four 1-celled anthers), th

branched stems and linear-filiform leaves.

5 d

The genus is limited to a single species, common in salt and brackish go i 5

marshes in most temperate or subtropical regions of the globe, varying o scm

more or less slender foliage, in the beak of the fruit, etc., and divided by

bolas 4

nists into several species.

K tima, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. iii. 123.—Stems and peu

submerged, filiform, the leaves often very long, the barren ones aite

anthers fall away, and the stalks of the carpels lengthen out to iud

3 in. to aboye 1 in. Ripe earpels about 1 line long or rather pe

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 42; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 217; Nees, ve

.Fl. Germ.; Reichb. Te. Fl. Germ. t. 17.

eensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller.

diee Portland Bay and other points along the coast, also Lake Calvert

where it is eaten by cattle, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Ab t in the Tamar, Derwent, etc., J. D. Hooker.

Australia. Holdfast Bay, F. Mueller, hison

ww. ia, Drummond, n. 180, 182, 183, mixed with Lepilena ; Mure

River, Oldfield, en j

OXXXVIII. NAIADER. 175

4. POSIDONIA, König.

(Caulinia, DC.)

Flowers hermaphrodite or the terminal one of each spike male or

semi-abortive. Perianth none. Anthers 3, consisting of a broad

almost fleshy connective, with 2 short dorsal cells at the base separated

by the broad thick centre. j i

often very long, breaking off transversely from the persistent sheathing

se. Scape leafless below the inflorescence, bearing at the end several

spikes, each in the axis of a short floral leaf, the peduncle enclosed at

the base in 2 sheathing bracts, each flower subtended by a small bract

and 2 bracteoles.

_ Besides the. Australian

j species which appears to be endemic, there is one other

ted to the Mediterranean and to the European shores of the Atlantic.

her, 2

stone pedunculate in the axil ofa floral leaflonger than

S rte sessile with shorter floral leaves, each with a pair

"iris ing bracts at the base i to 1 in. long. Flowers 6 to 12 on

pa spike. Braets and bracteoles shorter than the anthers, broadly

ate or orbicular, peltately attached and very deciduous except the

uit

€, 7 to 8 lines long, but not seen quite ripe.—Aschers. in

Caulinia oceanica, R. Br. Prod. 339, not of DC.

jo Pina, R. Brown (not labelled in his herb.) ; near George Town, below

s. E" mark, Gunn,

ystralia, St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller

` Australi , :

sho a. King George’s Sound, F. Mueller, and probably from the same

76 R. Brown (not labelled x herb.), Drummond.

5. ZOSTERA, Linn.

Flow

memb ers unisexual, the males and females in alternate rows on the

floral lect rhachis of a spike enclosed in the sheathing base of the

laterally 4.2 Crianth none. Male flowers of a single sessile oblong

of g gi 5, attached 1-celled anther: pollen confervoid. Female flowers

“ngle carpel, laterally attached near the apex and produced above

176 CXXXVIII. NAIADE X. [ Zostera.

spatha, which otherwise resembles the stem-leaves. Rhachis of the

spike broad and thin, with the margins folded inwards and bearing the

flowers and fruits only on the inner surface.

The genus consists of very few species, perhaps reducible to two only, common in

most seas at or near the shores. The Australian i s

end.

other seas, although the common broader leaved variety of Z. marina has not yet

turned up fr lian sea

Floral sheaths 3 to $ in. long and scarcely above 1 line

broad, the rhachis inside with a little transverse ver-

a evita ma etis 2. Manas

Floral sheaths nearly 1 in. long and 2 lines broad, the :

t ppendages . . . 9. Z. tasmanea.

Kı

Leaves narrow-linear, rarely above 1 line broad, varying in length e

a few inches to Lor 2 ft., usually truncate or notched at the end, with

conspicuous central nerve and 1 or 2 lateral ones on each side often

of the sheath but free from it, the margins folded inwards and bearing.

just within the edge on each side 2 or 3 vertical plates folded inwards

over some of the flo .—Z. marina, Hook. f. , R.

Br. Prod. 338? partly; Z. Muelleri, Irmisch; Aschers. in Linn,

xxxv. 168.

Coasts of Victoria and S. Australia, F. Mueller and of Tasmania Gw"

J. D. Hooker.

e Australian form is distinguished by Ascherson and others from the Z. nana

the northern hemisphere, chiefly by the apex of the leaf being truncate with à d

i e, and narrow with a deep narrow notch in the other, but I fin

differences as great in this respect between different specimens from the menores

à where

to vary in the number and shape of the inflected plates as well as in the foliage, one

always find these plates just within the margin of the rhachis, as drawn in Nee

Ge y marginal as they are usually described.

2. Z. tasmanica, G. v. Mart.; Aschers. in Linnea, xxxv. ron?

Foliage of the broader leaved specimens of Z. nana, or of the narrowes

varieties of the northern Z. marina, the leaves rather above 1 line broad;

Zostera.) CXXXVIII. NAIADEA, 177

specimen very imperfect. This floral leaf is described as saving no

mina but in the portion I have seen of the original specimen although

it has generally fallen off there,are still the remains of it attached to

some of the spikes.—Z. marina, R. Br. Prod. 338?

Victoria, Po illi È ler.

T ia. E edi. fine peti ee without fructification

Belly belong rather to this species than to Z. nana, It remains to be oy cn

ether the Z. tasmanica be really distinct from the narrow-leaved variety of

mmon Z. marina, Linn,

6. CYMODOCEA, Keen.

(Amphibolis, Agardh.)

p lowers unisexual, solitary within sheathing bracts, but with the

racts sometimes several in a cyme. i ale flowers of

anthers more or less connate by their backs, with 2 parallel

—Ma

rooting at the joints, the leafy stems very short or lengthened and

rect. Leaves ]i

jth a short sheathi

mg sheathing scale,

ws op ents extends over the Old World coasts of the Atlantic and Pacific as well

Austra Indian and Mediterran i "

scales, 4

truncate at the end, with acute angles or teeth . . 1. O. antarctica.

_ Tounded and ciliate-serrulate atthe end . . . _+ 2. C. ciliata.

tant, W on short stems, the nodes or scars rather dis-

rad eee at the base in a sheathing scale.

Leay, vos tines boa |. ee

°S 1 to 14 lines broad . 4. C. isoetifolia 2

l. LET * e --

dues tfaretica, Endl. in, Pl. Preise. ii 273.—Rhizome emitting

nilar} "S, mére branched and more slender than in C. ciliata, but

"Ue. Y Marked with numerous annular scars of fallen leaves. org

E . ^ E E LI LI

178 CXXXVIII. NAIADEX. e"

à transverse line, more or less prominent on the upper or inner s

and sometimes produced into ce teeth. WiudlsBeation paes

known, only from Gaudicha p~ figure.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 44;

Ruppia antarctica, — Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 116. t. 264; Gaudich. in

Freye. Voy. Bot. t. 40. £.2; Caulinia antarctica, R. Br. Prod. 339;

Amphibolis Sosa. Aschers in Linnea, xxxv. 164 ; A. zosterifolia,

Agardh; F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 113.

Victoria. ME iem Melbourn Adamson

Tasmania. in the sea near George Tov, Gunn.

W. Australia, Ta, n. 112, 2 237, 289.

2. C. ciliata, Hhrenb.; Aschers. in Li innga, xxxv. 162, and m

Anleit. Wiss. Beob. 363. "Rino emitting hard ves woody stems

of 3 or 4 in. to nearly 1 ft., marked with numerous annual scars 0

fallen leaves and ending in a tuft of broad e Vini usually "falcate,

stem all round, the margins closing at the base but no x t

Fructification unknown.— C. serrulata, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 218, bu

not o Br.

N. Australia. Whitsunday Islands, Kilner ds to

Queensland. Various places along the coast from Northumberland Islan

Cape Upstart, Fitzalan,

„I have e seen = specimens from en eii Daemel, which F. Mueller L ©

C. ciliata, but I can o difference whatever pev

Fitzalan's specimens an ose from various on of the coasts of E. India, eas

GS and the Red Sea.

3. C. serrulata, Aschers. in Anleit. Wiss. Beob. 962. — -

ee not so hard as in C. ciliata, and the leaves or annular pe

fallen leaves distant. Leaves broad-linear, shorter than in QC. ciliata,

ciliata. Fructification unknown.—Caulinia serrulata , R. Br. Prod. 339.

Queensland? Some viene without fructification rs Port Denison, Fi?

alan, nearly resemble R. B;

S. Coast? R. Brown, ti specimens in his herbarium have no label.

olia, Aschers. in Linnea, xxxv. 163 ?— Habit of o

serrulata, but the leaves much narrower and remarkable when se

fructification by the sheathing braets, rather UN in a dichotomouU

eyme, although each pair encloses only a single flowe

an,

Queensland? Some ipee specimens from POP - F 4L Indis

may 2e Penny present: this which is known chiefly froni the

CXXXVIII, NAIADE. 179

7. LEPILZENA, J. Drumm.

(Hexatheca, Sond.)

. Flowers unisexual, usually dicecious, solitary within a pair of sheath-

ing bracts (sometimes wanting to the central flower of a male cluster).

stipitate, tapering into a short or long style with an entire oblong

a; 0 i i

6:14

attached near the apex, oblong-linear. Embryo straight, except the

cotyledonous end more or less involute,—Submer ed plafits, with fili-

d stems and capillary leaves often minutely serru-

i base into narrow stipular sheaths, the floral leaves

nearly ab their sheaths more or jess dilated, enclosing at least

wers.

The genus is exclusively Australian, inhabiting freshwater or saline marshes

lagoons. as by :

hes and

that h lt has been „9y some referred to the Mediterranean genus Althenia, but

Heu huy the single stamen in the same cluster as the female flowers and the

sma of Zannichellia from which it is scarcely generically distinct.

Style much shorter than the carpel.

Female flowers on pedicels soon elongated, the perianth-

segments ovate, much shorter than the carpels . . 1. Z. australis,

wers pedicellate above the sheath, Perianth-

F a ge pi inconspieuous, nearly as long as the E 2, L. cylindrocarpa.

erianth-segments rather longer than the els

L T oiia a ee a

5 flys australis, J. Drumm.; Harv. in Hook. Kew. Journ. vii. 58.—

S filiform, much-branched. Leaves capillary, slightly dilated and

their di] € In the male plant floral leaves several together,

plete] d stipular bases forming an involucre of 2 or 3 lines com-

thin y enclosing 2 or 3 flow ers, each flower also enclosed in 1 or 2 ve

ap membr sheaths without any or short

stipular bases, the flowers shortly pedicellate, but the

of3 Mom elongating to from 3 to 6 lines or even longer. „Perianth

Segments not 4 line long. Carpels 3, oblong, tapering into a

Pae shorter than the carpel itself with a slightly dilated oblong stigma.

under ] line long, shortly stipitate on the receptacle.

184, 397. ia. Swan River or King George’s Sound, Drummond, n. 100, 179,

wits Hatt iver, Did

Lake, Gunn, ? Zannichellia palustris, Hook, f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 43, from Arthur’s

Without flowers, and Swanport, Story, with male flowers, is referred

180 - CXXXVIII. NAIADEX. [ Lepilena.

F. Mueller to this uic The specimens are unfortunately not in a state for aee

Tate determination. The young fruits are broader than in As australis and. slightly

tuberculate, the i ioe but the stigmas already worn

2. L. cylindro ocarpa, Benth.—A diccious plant with the filiform

stems and eapillary leaves of L. australis, but the bases of the leaves

scarcely dil ated and the stipular sheaths of the floral leaves much nar-

thin, not exceeding the carpels and not very conspicuous. Carpels

about 1 line long, rather more slender than in L. australis, sue filiform

style as long as the carpel, with an oblong stigm ma.— Zannichellia

cylindrocarpa, Aouncks in Walp. Ann. vi. 3; Hezatheca Kanu

Sond. MS.; included in deren Preissii by F. Muell. Fragm.

vin. 217.

Victoria. Saline waters at di mouth of the Yarra and near Station Peak.

F. Mueller,

e .

asmania. Near Hobarton, Gun

S. Australa. Saline Marshes, Port Adelaide, F. Mueller,

3. L. Preissii, P. Muell. Fragm. viii. 217, pa rtly. — Stems u

leaves usually still finer than in the two preceding anise the gno

ing bases very narrow. Male flowers much the s Females usually

Flowers shortly pedicellate within the sheath, the pedicel rarely

slightly exceeding it when in fruit. Periant th-segments rather longer

than the carpels, narrow but usually striate aud whitish or more or less

scarious so as to be much more conspicuous than in L. cylin ue t

Fruit-carpels cylindrical, almost sessile, about 1 line Jong. Styl?

filiform, longer than the ‘ea pel with an e clavate stigma.—

Zannichellia Preissii, Lehm. in Pl. Preiss.

Victoria. Lake Wellington and Lake Calvert 1 F, Muelle

W. Australia, rem n. 115, 181 ; Canning ae Preiss, n. 1819; north

of Stirling Range, F. Mue

8. NAIAS, Linn.

(Caulinia, Wild.)

Flowers unisexual, solitary in the axils of floral leaves, pendit

sci Podali Male flower: anther single, l- or da

enclosed in a thin membranous bract or perianth, irregularly lobe e

the top Em often à emis and rolling back so as to — the ap

of the anther; pollen gl site

none besides the bract. ie Ura 1, ee apt into a style divided po ,

: | re

> Hj

[^7]

.€

Naias.} OXXXVIII. NAIADER. 181

The genus is widely spread over the temperate and some of the warmer regions of

the globe. Ofthe tw dug alian species one may be endemic, the other occupies the

general area of the gen

nth Sn stigmatic lobes, and the ovule consequently as naked, and the i

dies ves NR toothed — oe the basal

sheath not produced Á— scariou 1. N, major.

Leaves very ara the teeth very sh iy basal sheath

ims on n each Ms into a dowd. lanceolate dac ipd

lobe . . 9. N. tenuifolia,

N. major, 47]; Kunth, Enum. iii. 112. —Leaves es bor-

i to be

nor produced into stipular lobes, “ aculeate on the back as well as the

stem” but t the prickles few or SO minute a as to be difficult to see on the

emale flower a

the ripe nutlet about 13 lines long.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 218; Nee

Gen. Fl. Germ. Ic.

S^ Australia, Flinders River, F. Muell

Th ustralia. Murchison n River, Oldfield.

* Species is widely spread over the northern hemisphere.

i N.t tenuifolia, R. Br. Poi 345.—Stems slender, much branched.

b ves very narrow linear, flat and abe aise mostly about 1 in.

ow l-nerved, bordered by, rather numerous very minute teeth often

My visible under a strong lens, the sheathing base very short but pro-

stipular lobe. Mal 5 Femal

. e flower sti itate, oblode. about 4 line long. Female

d about 1 line long, Nes cylindrical produced into a filiform

os 2-branched style as long as the carpeL—F. Muell. Fragm.

Geeemaland, 1. ? Brisb irm d Eann

CLE Males. P ort Jac dig ^ -— ; Hunters River, Leichhardt ; Nepean

Y ` Murray River, F. Mueller.

have not seen Brown's specimens and give his stations from his Prodromus,

182 CXXXVIII. NAIADEX. [ Naias.

m N. Africa, E. India, and M

chiefly on the form of the stipular lobes of theleaf-sheaths. Ifthe two species are

really identical it is Brown's name that should be a th

one.

TEE

£t

9. HALOPHILA, Thou.

Flowers unisexual, solitary within a pair of herbaceous bracts. Male

flower: Perianth o segments. Anthers 3, sessile, alternating with

the segments, erect, 2-celled, the cells opening out pollen con-

ervoid. emale flowers: Perianth none. Ovary single, tapering into

The genus is confined to the Indian and West Pacific Oceans and Mediterannean

sea. Ofthe two Australian species one is widely dispersed over the shores of the

Indian and Pacific Oceans, the other, as far as is known, is endemic.

Leaves on long petioles with an ovate or oblong entire lamina 1. H. ovalis.

aves sessile or nearly so, broadly linear, rounded and

ciliate-toothed at the end . RN o SL o C M. VE

uov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. iii. 301; Caulinia ovalis, R. Br. Prod. 339;

hers. in Linnza, xxxv. 173.

Queensland, Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Port Denison, fi

alan ; Cape York, Moseley. x cd

N. Wales. Paramatta River, Woolls; Lord Howe's Island, Lind

Halophila.] CXXXYIII. NAIADEX. 188

Victoria. Port Phillip and Queenscliffe, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Bass’s. Straits, G Gunn,

S. Australia. M‘Donnell’s Bay, Mrs, Wehl; St. Vincent's Gulf, F, Mueller,

The species is common on the shores of the Indian and Pacific pere often above

low-water mark at the mouths of large rivers, or brought m depths of

seven nume or more. AD the Australian specimens I reg cs ore without

fructifica

2. H. spi nulosa, S yon .—Stems slender, submerged, with simple

branches of 3 to 6 in. in the specimens seen. Leaves opposite, dis-

tichous sessile, bos linear or almost spathulate, rounded at the end

and bordered by small aeute teeth or cilia, 3 to $ in. long and about

2 to 25 lines broad, 3-nerved, without any scales or sheathing stipules

at the base, but the margin on Lu lower side dilated into a semi-oval

appendage folded over the lam Male flowers unknown. Females

Within a pair of small lvii brote sessile in the axils, in fruit i in

the only specimen seen, the capsules solitary, ovate, about 2 or 21 lines

long, appare tly bursting irregularly. Seeds several, rather more than

1 lin ‘eee closely resembling those figured by Gaudichaud of H.

ovalis. Embryo almost globular, the plumula and the narrow cotyle-

ula

donous end curved over it, both enclosed in a aay at the top of the

embryo,—Ca spinulosa, R. Br. Prod. 339.

Queensland rt Denison, Kilner ; coral rem Albany Island, F. Mueller ;

tropical Nott, y: Brown ; Cape York, Moseley

The specimens in Brown' s herbarium have no label indicating asra baee D Eo,

have no fructification, but, Kilner's specimen in F. Mueller's herbari

Other respects precisely similar e species is certai very diff hon = “from Hf

"AD to which Ascherson (Linnea, xxxv. i thought i a pi belong from

Town's short diagnosis. F, Mueller r, Fragm. vi > fen it gen

under the name of ao ari but that name is A Bu, uo o fruit

and seeds of our plant agree so well with those of oni that s "pA Sk seem

Worth while to separate it generically on account of the foliage w. s far from

uniform in what are admit ted as true species of Halophila.

Order CXXXIX. ALISMACEH.

à Flowers hermaphrodite or unisexual, saps Perianth when per-

ect of 6 Segments, imbricate in 2 series, the 3 outer ones membranous

x berbaceous, the Sinner lar

short style or with a sessile terminal stigma; ovules 1, 2 or few, erect

the base use the cavity, or the funicle of the inner one shortly

ate to the inn r angle, or numerous and pari In fruit the carpels

ripen into ri Pan nutlets, or when several-seeded are variously

184 CXXXIX. ALISMACEA.

dehiscent. Seeds erect or when several ascending or spreading, with a

thin testa and inner membrane; no albumen. Embryo either straight

; or more frequently horse-shoe shaped ;

r water plauts. Leaves radical on long

petioles, Flowering stems leafless, or rarely, in species er Australian,

eafy. Flowers in terminal umbels racemes panicles or simple or once

forked spikes

"Oo

£5

[^7]

e Order is represented in the oria go and shallow waters of most ee :

ofthe globe. Of the four Aus tralian genera, two are WOW Rae n, the two others

extend over tropical Asia and Africa, iM of M also in South Africa.

eke perfect. aloe cendum paniculate, umbel-

or almost racem

Carpal pei indslilasents scarcely beak ;

Carpels 2 -seeded, tapering into di hy ag we falling off

b i

ya ,

Carpels disse dehiscent : doin the inner suture *

Piiira reduced to 2 petal-like or very small inem 8.

Flowers sessile in a fatis or once forked spike 4, APONOGETON.

There is also in H . Mueller a noge flower with one leaf of a plant gathe ered

Hartmann in South. Queensland, w h appears to be a species of Hydrocleis or

Limnocharis, with the inner pe i

H.) Humboliti i

bracts than usual in that plant and the outer -perianth segments are longer an E

I: but the specimen is Peata ent to show reme it is really distinct, and i

y be only accidentally introduced from South A

1. ALISMA.

2. DAMASONIUM,

3, BuTOMOPSIS.

is ALISMA, Linn.

Flowers usuall

y aka e Perianth of 6 segments, 3 outer

nes membranous or almost herbaceous, 3 inner iar ge and petal- like.

in each carpel. Fruit-c ach indehoi

na ring round the Distinct

s embryo.—Aquatie herbs, ed or xd species "^

Australian floating, i i

either ina terminal umbel with or without whorls of pedicel ellate flowers

etta orina panicle with whorled M eaeh bearing a similar

The Der is widely spread over the temperate and warm ons of the globe.

Ofthe Australian species one is cosmopolitan, two others ce to tropico

Asia, the f fourth is endemic. They have all four tall leafless loosely panic hol

flowering stems, me = Jong petioles of the NE — often appear, jointed

transverse pel iria ne pith,

068 posite

Carpels 15 to 30, in a flat ring. ee licen. of

the leaf very oblique

3 exis - - 1. A. plantago.

Unrpela 6 or fower, rardly 7.078. :

co. a narrow e outer

primary veins on — sh esu, in oe auricles,

transverse ees ot very close and more or less

connected b ML me ap s

Alisa.) OXXXIX. ALISMACER. 185

Carpels about 3 lines long, hard, often muricate . .

Carpels under 2 lines long, smooth or tuberculate, the

pericarp not TO DRTE Lon, SPL DARE Ide

Leaves broadly cordate or reniform, the primary veins

istinct, transverse veinlets very numerous and

closely parallel, Carpels somewhat drupaceous . 4. A. reniforme.

2. A. acanthocarpum.

3. A. oligococeum,

A, plantago, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 148.—Rootstock pe-

Rant dorsal nerve, the whole forming a flat ring of 21 to 3 lines

Rer with a depressed centre.—R. Br. Prod. 342 ; Red. Lil. t. 452 ;

ees, Gen. F1, Germ. ; Reichb. Ie. Fl, Germ. t. 57.

a S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls.

ictoria. Goulburn Ri r.

iver, F. Muelle

The species ; a :

northe ous eet spread over the area of the genus, especially in the

bo A. acanthocarpum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 23, viii. 214 —Leaves

adly Ovate or orbicular, deeply cordate with a narrow sinus and

angular auricles, glandular-dotted, with 11 to 17 primary nerves, the

"e Ones each side confluent within the margin of the auricles,

hs transverse veiulets not very close and often connected by reticula-

6 lo cle not so loose and broader than in 4 plantago, usually

horl, the bracts under the whorls more herbaceous than in any other

west often above 1 in. long and shortly connate at the

oWers of 4. plantago. Fruit-carpels usually 6 or fewer but

7 or 8, the largest of the genus, being about 3 lines long

AC Tipe, the pericarp hard and rather thick, with 3 or 4 dorsal ribs

roming ae muricate, 2 or more of the prickles often conical and very

Gui tralia. Lower Victoria River, F. Mueller; Gulf of Carpentaria,

d. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Mount Elliott, Fitzallan.

alga oligococeum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 23, viii. 214.—Closely

basa] = A. aca hocarpum. Leaves the same, with the same narrow

; in

nt !

(Mim glandular dots and almost pedate venation. Flowers also

d a broad panicle with the lower bracts leafy, but smaller or

186 CXXXIX. ALISMACEÆ. [ Alisma.

more slender yek in that species. Carpels usually only 2 or 3 perfect

14 or rarely 2 lines long, very obtuse, the 3 or 4 prominent dorsal ribs

smooth or tubereulat ate but not murieate.—.4. glandulosum, Thw.

qu. Pl. Zeyl. 3

stralia. hs ere River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz.

sev: Moreton Bay, Hill and = Mueller ; Herbert’s Creek and Gains-

ford, Jionian Rockingham Bay, Dallach

Also in Ceylon and East India. This an the par — — prove to be

arieties of a single one. The A. pligeeum varie , some of the

Rocki ingham Bay specimens are not 6 in. high, wit Soll ciem “The larger speci-

mens have loose canto of about 1 ft. and rather large leaves, sometimes very thin.

reniforme, Don, Prod. Fl. Nep. 22.—Leaves orbicular-

cordate or reniform, 13 to 4 in. long and dium broader than long, very

Reine with 13 to 17, usually 15 imary nerves, the transverse veinlets

merous fine and closely parallel. Panicle very large, with long

RE branches not numerous in each whorl. Outer perianth-

segments nearly orbicular, many-nerved, about 2 lines long. Carpels 6

or fewer, rarely 7 or 8, thick and more or less drupaceous, with several

usually 7 or 9 dorsal ribs not tuberculate, the style Xa slender,

nate to the inner edge to near the summit.— Wight,

Queensland. Burnett River, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, O Shanes y; Rocking-

ham Bay, “Dalach y.

e spec common in many parts of East Sgt JB Mueller, Fragm. viii.

214, refers this | to the -— A. parnassifolium, Linn. and Micheli, who has been

studying the order with Acme care, thinks it mad be a variis only, but the broad

almost retuse DA of the leaf, its numerous primary nerves and the g enerally larg? large

habit, together oig the great geographical aar may justify ra retaining it a8

a distinct speci

2. DAMASONIUM, Juss.

(Actinocarpus, R. Br.)

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 segments, 3 outer one

membranous, 3 inner larger "ui rando: itm y fugacious. Stamens

Ovules 2 in each car carpels 6 to 9 or rarely pe

laterally flattened, adnate by their Soa Dus to the convex or conica

e setae tapering into a beak, spreading, when ripe usually pront

ff transversely near the base. Seeds 2 or solitary by abortion. S

bryo horse-shoe as 658 —Aquatie or marsh herbs, with the habit 0

the annual Alism

Besides the Australian species which is endemie, the genus comprises two wo

from =m northern seen, an all three closely allied to each other and possi y

varie

1. D. d Salisb.; Kunth, Enum. ‘iii, 155.—A tufted glabrous

annual. es all nana on long petioles, from ovate-cordate t0

lanceolate, 1 ph 2 in. long, with 3 or 5 primary nerves connected bf

several rather distant transve rse veins, and these again by numero

Damasonium.] CXXXIX, ALISMACER. 187

from about the middle, with verticillate branches either all 1-flowered

and j to 1 in. long, or some of them elongated bearing an umbel of 5

Fragm. viii. 215 3 Actinocarpus minor, R. Br. Prod. 343 ; Alisma minus,

Spreng. Syst. ii, 163.

į Queensland, Herbert's Créek, Bowman ; Armidale, Parrott ; North Queensland,

N. S. Wales. Cow-pastures, Port Jackson, R. Brown.

Victoria. Yarra, Murray, and Avoca Rivers, F, Mueller.

w. Australia, Drummond, n. 99.

3. BUTOMOPSIS, Kunth.

(Teenagocharis, Hochst.)

nn lowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 6 segments, 3 outer ones

hinly membranous, reticulate, 3 inner rather larger, petal-like but

oad thin and transparent, fugacious. Stamens 8 or 9. Ovules

ie gr Embryo horse-shoe shaped.—Semi-aquatic or marsh plant,

Lih radical leaves on long petioles. Flowers on long pedicels, in a

Simple terminal umbel.

hag ne genus is limited to a single species spread over tropical Asia and Africa. It

Bodas. rpermous carpels of Butomus, with the embryo of Alisma. Kunth’s and

rs ni s

"ER y à much more accurate character with a reference to known species

distinct im by Hochstetter. The whole genus is however perhaps not sufficiently

m the American Limnocharis,

bp age lanceolata, Kunth, Enum. iii, 165.—Leaves oblong-lanceolate

inc optical, acute or obtuse, usually attaining the length of the scape

Which a> their long petiole. Scape 4 to 8 in. high under the umbel,

fruit Consists of from 3 to above 20 pedicels 1} to 4 in. long when in

met, rounded by a few thin scarious bracts. Outer perianth-seg-

its ovate

Lagoons on Gilbert River, Armit.

188 CXXXIX, ALISMACEX.

4. APONOGETON, Thunb.

Flowers hermaphrodite. Perianth of 2 segments one on each side.

small or in species not Australian petal-like. Stamens usually 6.

Carpels of the ovary usually 3, with 9 to 6 ovules in each carpel all

ereet m the base. Seeds ovoid or oblon ng, erect. — e

with a more or less prominent plumulaina groove on the in ace.—

y gcn de bim erect or floating or submerged leaves alid oblong

or narrow, Scapes leafless except a very deciduous membranous braet

or spatha emis the young "pe but Vp always fallen away

before the flowering, leaving an annul ar. Flowers sessile in 4

terminal spike, simple i in the Australian species but divided into two in

some African and Asiat

The genu — over — Asia and tropical and southern Africa. Of the m

Australian species one is mmon Indian one, the other Ap to "be pee t

The specific cabe divo from the bulb-shaped rhizome may not be consu?

rd been observed only in a very few dried specimens to n the roots remain

attached.

ghe: rootstock sabes with filamentous remains

Lenses unde aths a se itting roots from the base.

axe s under 6 ong. Fruit-carpels tapering into

ee t-carpels tapering 1. A. monostachyws-

Balb-shaped rootstock without filaments, emitting fibrous

e apex, Leaves above 6 in. long. Fruit-

Apes obtuse with the rudimentary stylo almost

BENE CY HOT (Ud ee .

9. A. elongatus.

. A. monostachyus, Linn. f. Suppl. 214.— Rootstock thickened

into a hard woody bulb-shaped tuber, eordied with filamentous rema n

of old leaf-sheaths and emitting fibrous roots from the base or low

half.

membranous, about 2 line lon men shortly oroesi g t

see 1 sel

vsus hyalina, the inner more a ce — coloured and cto

geton Sanss e in Hook. Lond. Praten ii. 404, t

N. Australia. acr ert River, mesg Herbert's

Queensland. sick hatin Thozet, O Shanesy ; ; Burdekin River,

Creek and Gainsford, Bowman. The species is widely spread over tropical Asia.

Muell. in Herb. —Tubero

rootstock

elongatus, F. Hook.

Be below the uppermost fibrous roots and without the "lamentou

CE A

Aponogeton,] CXXXIX. ALISMACEZ. 189

covering of A. monostachyus (at least in the specimens seen). Leaves

submerged, very tender, from 6 in. to above 1 ft. long, and 3 to 12 in.

sides into a short basal auricle, with , 7 or 9 longitudinal nerves. Spikes

simple as in A, monostachyus but more slender and the flowers not so

close. Perianth and stamens as in that species. Carpels of the ovary

> .

he style almost lateral. Seeds usually 3 or 4 in each carpel, narrow

oblong, the outer membrane not striate, the inner one exceedingly

delicate. Embryo with a narrow groove, the small plumula at the base

of the groove below the middle of the embryo.

N. Australia. Roper and Van Alphen Rivers, F. Mueller.

sland. Brisbane River, F. Mueller ; Bailey.

N. S. Wales. Richmon iver, Fawcett ; Clarence River, Wileoa (the latter

Without fructification and the leaves all reduced to long petioles, but probably a

state of the same species).

This specie.

A. undulatus, Roxb., which

deformed by insects, and ripens only one or rarely two seeds in each carpel, and

“ese seeds are of an ovoid shape with a broad open groove to the embryo.

Orper CXL. ERIOCAULEZE.

qubricate scarious dry or rarely herbaceous bracts, 1 under each

and us

ower, ually a few outer ones ty. Perianth normally of 6

, yaline or scarious small segments in 2 row inner ones im-

mediately under the stamens or oy. ry, the outer ones lower down o

ra longitudinal slits. Ovary of 3 or 2 lobes and cells, with 1 pendulous

“ach one usually enclosed at the base in a sheathing scale, and

in the l e i,

; the outer rows mostly female, the inner ones chiefly male,

the two sexes often PREY OA all concealed mid. the

190 CXL. ERIOCAULED.

imbricate bracts, the tips of the stigmatic branches and sometimes the

anthers slightly protruding, the receptacle often hairy.

The Order is limited in the Old World to the single genus Eriocaulon, but em

are a few other genera, and one a very large one exclusively American and chiefly

tropical.

l. ERIOCAULON, Linn.

The genus extends over the general area of the Order, but chiefly in the ^en

World, er. Of the nineteen Australian spes

four extend into tropical Asia, the remaining fifteen, as far as hitherto tuens

appear to be endemie, some of them however require further study from more pe

specimens,

Series I.— Flowers 3-merous or rarely partially 2-merous by abortion, especially -

females,

Submerged stems elongated, densely covered with fili-

form leaves. Flower-heads pubescent, at least at

pos d WoW M Werl qp ce RUE eudanin.

Scapes and radical leaves above 1 ft. long, loosely hairy

towards the base Flower-heads pubescent. Outer

perianth-segments winge Eau mw 2 cu l-rrd Je MEN

gusce and eines leaves under 6 in. and often much

us,

ess, glabrous,

Flower-heads pubescent. Bracts with their tips in-

; — ed and appressed. Outer perianth-segments

Flowering bracts Spathulate, acuminate, the ex-

white with the dorsal pubescence . 3. E. quinquangulart-

fringed o:

Flowering broad, vi obtuse

ith very short hue. igen ase T 4, E. Smithii.

Flower-heads glabrous. Bracts with their tips in-

curved and appressed.

Outer 9 per. segments, linear, 3 or fewer or none.

Outer d per. segments united in a spatha-like

Eriocaulon.] CXL. ERIOCAULEA. 191

Outer 5d pes segments pue dilated, inner

c 5. E. nanum.

er P

Outer rii pa segments ve one 6. E. cinereum.

Outer d per. segments Mosi ¢ or cp dal merci ne

free or ne Es 0.

Outer and inner 9 per. segments lin

Plant not 3 à bigh with small pue T. E. pusillum.

dm ta t 4 with rather iw ‘linear

ves . E Wc MON, pallidum,

ws 91 per. segments line ear, inner nas . 9. E. nigricans,

O 9 per. segments, outer or inn. . 10. E. australasicum.

Outer E per. Sm a 2, complicate ud winged.

Inner 9 per. segments 3, oblong. Ovary 3-

fon. . 11. E. lividum.

Inner 9 po segments 2, linear-oblong. Ovary

2-mer aa . 12. E. concretum.

Flower-heads lah ous. Bracts with ‘spreading tips.

Bracts pale-coloured, obtuse or obtu se rei acuminate,

erianth-segments 6, nearly ip 13. E. Schultzit.

Bracts c bend cuneate ver dip a a rigid spreading

point. Receptacle villous . 14, E, tortuosum.

Series II.— Flowers all 2-merous.

Outer 9 pe pudo de linear or spathulate, very

Se Fig not winge

Scapes filiform, 2 to 4 in. high. Leaves very narrow

Ska fine e pointed, Heads 1 to 14 linesdiameter . . là. E. monoscapum.

ital to 6 in. high. avons broadl y linear, many-

Du Heads near 3 lines diameter 16, E. spectabile.

prn. mies complicated with a broad

Hoa at length ram e the outer bracts re-

exed and All the 9 flowers with outer

i mostly os: than half as long as the scapes,

= uter d perianth-se, namai broadly linear — . 17. E. scariosum.

ves more kia half as long as the scape. Outer

d perianth segments very narrow . . . . . 18. E. fistulosum.

gh. Heads pale-coloured . . 19. E. depressum.

Scapes 1 to 2 in, “high, Heads era r black . . . 20. E, deustum.

ciis 1 or 2 ro Male flowers: 3 outer segments obovate-oblong,

y mets fringed e ‘the apex, connate into a late secca or : length

F ond e eher, usually fringed, with a sm tamens

Een aah iroa t the base of the stipes nearly

192 CXL. ERIOCAULEX. [ Eriocaulon.

equal, obovate-spathulate, concave, slightly fringed; 3 inner under the

ovary linear, erect. y 3-merous,

ot N: Near M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n.

The species is common in E. India and the Malayan Archipelago. The Australian

specimens all belong to the species as restricted by Keernicke, Linnæa, xxvii. 603,

wi e bracts and perianth-segments white-pubescent at the apex. The E. inter-

in the males, oblong-lanceolate and concave in the females. Inner

segments linear and slightly fringed, short in the males, longer in the

females. Stamens 6. Ovary 3-merous.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwil; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Richmond River, C. Moore, Fawcett.

3. E quangulare, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. iii. 556.—Scape

rather slender, usually about 6 in. but varying taller or shorter. Leaves

rather broadly linear, less tapering at the end, than in most broad-

r ,

21 to 3 lines diameter",

3 outer segments linear-spathulate, dark, hairy at the tips, incurved d

nearly equal; 3 inner narrow-liuear, erect, fringed, with a small glan

as in the males. ary 3-merous.—Keern. in Linnea, xxvii. 641.

WV. Australia. Keckwick's Springs, Arnhem's Land, Herb. F. Mueller (col:

lector not named). A single specimen agreeing very well with several from East

dia where this species is widely spread.

_ 4. E. Smithii, R. Br. Prod. 254.—Very closely allied to E. guii

quangulare, differing chiefly in the pubescence of the flower-heads-

LEM M im 5

Erioeaulon.] CXL. ERIOCAULER. 198

usually about 1 in. long. Flower-heads soon glo ; outer br =

ovate, glabrous, at first very conspicuous but almost con under

the 8; flowering bracts thin, obovate, scarcely acuminate,

ale flower : outer perianth-segments 3, oblong-li ear, contracted at

the base and more or less connate at first, slightly hairy at the tips ;

inner segments small, fringed. Stamens 6. Female flower: Mein

segments dark-coloured, oblong-spathulate, concave, incurved, one o

them often deficient ; inner segments erect, linear-oblong, fringed

and hairy at the end with a small gland as in the males. Ovary

3-merous,

y egeensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Cape River, Bowman; Springsure,

uth,

N. es. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls, and

many others; Hastings River, Beckler.

ia. Upper Murray River, F. Mueller.

unequal, erect, denticulate, with a small gland. Ovary 3-merous

p Queensland. Facing Island, Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Brisbane River,

ailey,

» acute or acuminate with appressed tips, contracted at the

base, I O n an orb

ents small, |

3, Tarely 4

anceolate, fringed, with small glands. Stamens usually

r5;

nner segments deficient. Ovar - or 3-celled.— E.

i gg "^um, Benth. tr. Hongk. 382; E. ciliiflorwm, F. Muell. Fragm.

LN: Australia arpentaria, R. Brown ; South Goulburn

Tang 4 Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; So 3 |

- Cunningham ; Victoria River, P. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Sos n. 368.

L vir

194 CXL. ERIOCAULEJ. [ Eriocaulon.

The species extends to South China, and will probably be found in various ge

chipelago and perhaps in East India. It is nearly allied to t ih

common Æ, sexangulare, but may be readily distinguished by the male flowers wi

“we

Male flower: Outer erianth-segments 2, narrow, free

very small or one iis longer and fringed. Stamens 3, rarely 4 or5;

anthers dark-coloured. Female flower: Outer segments 2 or 3, linear,

at the base of the stipes ; inner segments 3, linear, erect and appressed

to the ovary, slightly fringed. Ovary 3-celled.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander,

E. pallidum, R. Br. Prod. 954.— Leaves in the few specimens

seen broadly linear, 1 to 13 in. long, tapering to a fine point. Be

about as long. Flower-heads all very young except one which is neary

globular, something like those of Æ. lividum, but smaller, the bracts

all obtuse, scarious, glabrous and rather shining. Male flower: uter

m :

erect, ciliate. Ovary 3-merous,

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander. T have not been able to

examine the flowers satisfactorily.

. E. nigricans, R. Br. Prod. 254.—Seapes filiform, 1 to 2 or ram

3 in. long. Leaves shorter, sometimes ve short, narrow-linear, tape

ing to a long fine point

obtuse or almost acute. Male flowe

linear, slightly dilated in the middle, all free; inner segments very

small and glabrous or scarcely prominent Stamens 6. Female flower :

Outer perianth-segments 1, 2, or 3, linear, at the base of the stipe?»

inner Mandel none. Ovary 3-merous.— E. achiton, Korn. in Linn®%

xxvii. 630.

N. Australia? Carron Creek, Carpentaria, Gulliver, the identification doubt

c Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; various localities 1n it

neighbourhood of Rockhampton, Bowman, 0’ Shanesy ; Dry-beef Creek, Leichhardt-

In the Banksian spec f d ve

scales, but that appears to he owing to the plants being rather old gw the larg

i i in East In

Eriocaulon.| CXL. ERIOCAULEX. 195

10. E. tralasicum, Kern. in rin xxvii. 616,—A_ slender

annual neatly allied to the preceding species and to E. sexangulare.

Scapes 1 to 3 in. high. Leaves shorter ar near or linear-lanceolate,

Ovary on a short slender stipes, 3-merous. petites titi austra-

lasicum, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i

Victoria, Murray River, F., Mueller.

ll. E. lividum, F. Muell Fragm. i. 92—A dwarf plant but not

80 slender as M preceding species. dida 1 to 1} in. long. aves

mostly as long, linear, many-nerved, not very narrow. Flower-heads

eu, cdi glabrous but not shining, 3 lines diameter or at length

Tather more, Bracts of a pale straw-colour, the outer empty ones

connate often to ADOS the middie into an unilateral 3-lobed scale ;

mner segments 3, spathulate, deeply fringed, with a small gland. Sta-

meus 6. Female flower: Outer segments 3, oblóng-spathulate, very

Concave almost com linte, with a rather narrow dorsal wing; inner

“ements 3, oblong, ro slightly jagged at the end, witha small gland,

abruptly contracted at the base into a short claw. Ovary 3-merous,

tipes short.

Australia. York Sound, 4. Cunningham ; near M‘Adam ae F. Mueller.

12? E, c retum, 23 Muell. Fragm. i. 92.—Leaves in the only

Specimen Par tue li . long, several-nerved, linear, tapering to

Acn 2 in. long. lower-head globular, 1}

fi segments small, unequ iat denies “6 or fewer.” Fem

Pa : Outer se ents 2, eoneave, complicate, with a broad thick

bl sai Wing ; inner content 2, eae! boone ne a appressed but not

u<rete with the ovary. Ovary 2-m

his hy Australia, Arnhem’s land, F. Mates: es a single imperfect specimen in

BES chultzii, Benth. —Scapes slender, 3 to 4 in. high. Leaves

rim mostly about 1 in. long. TFlower-head globular,

- glabrous, Bracts scarious almost hyaline, lanceolate,

spreading as in the East Indian E. stellulata, but much smaller,

the whole head not exceeding 3 lines diameter. Male posed : Outer

196 CXL. ERIOCAULER. [ Eriocaulon.

perianth-segments 3 at the base of the stipes, equal, oblong-spathu-

late, concave, nearly as long as the bract; inner segments 3, small,

ovate, fringed, with a gland. Stamens 6; anthers dark. Female

er: Segments 6, oblong- — all inserted very near to each other

of th e 3 inner rather longer than the others,

slightly jagged at the end, with a small gland; in some of the inner

flowers the perianth much | reduced. Ovary 2-merous or rarely 3-

merous.

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 288.

14. E. tortuosum, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 91.—Scapes rather slender,

4 to 8 in. long, much twisted. Leaves under 1 in. long, linear-lan-

ceolate, many-nerved, tapering to a point. Flower-heads scarcely

above 2 lines diameter ; receptacle hairy; outer empty bracts few,

duced into a long rigid point. Male : Outer perianth-segments

3, nearly equal, linear, slightly diated i in the middle ; inner segments

very small and gl abrous. Stam ns 6. Female flower: Perianth-

segments 6 according to F, Mue aoii, but in the only fi I

examine I only found 3, about the a of the stipes, linear-oblong;

por weit at the base. Ovary 3-mero

N. Australia. Victoria river, F. Mue The specimens are in a very Uu» i

satisfactory X oe lost almost all their ovek, but I cannot match them wi

15. E. monoscapum, F. Muell. tega, i 94—A small slender

species. — Scapes filiform, 2 to 4 in. hich’ Leaves very narro

scarcely 1} lines diameter when fully out. Outer empty bracts few,

scarious, obtuse; flowering bracts appressed. Male flower: Outer

rianth-segments 2, end slightly dilated in the middle, ciliate at

the end; inner segments 2, Eun small, bearded and with a gland.

Stamens 4. Female flower: Outer perianth-segments 2, linear

spathulate, ineurved, acuminate, slightly hairy, rigid and very deciduous

as in E. spectabile ; inner segments 2, fan, erect, very narro

Ovary 2-m

N. Australia. Margins of water-courses towards M‘Adam range, F. Mueller.

_ 16. E. spectabile, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 95.—Scapes striate, 3 t0 &-

in. high. Leaves more than half as long, broadly linear, tapering to :

fine point. Flower-heads from a pale straw-colour to ailvory-white i

3 lines di er.

but glabrous. Male flower: puer perianth-segments 2, narro";

about halfway up the stipes; inner segments minute or obsolete-

Stamens 4. Female flower : me segments 2, linear-spathulate,

Eriocaulon.] CXL. ERIOCAULEJE. 197

faleate, concave but not winged, rather rigid, attached below the

middle of the stipes but v very dec vocac inner segments erect,

hyaline, very narrow linear. Ovary 2-mero

ur Australia. Sources of the Limmen Bight river, Gulf of Carpentaria, F.

ueller,

l7. E. scariosum, R. Br. Prod. 255. —Scapes a striate, 3

to 5 in. long. Leaves thick at the base, tapering t a fine point,

about 1 in. lon Flower-heads of a light pet olan soon

becoming Daia, not above 2 lines diameter., Bracts orbicular, all

scarious and glabrous, a few outer ones very obt d empty, the

obtuse an |

flowering ones shortly mucronate, the receptacle villous with long

hairs. Male flower: Outer i e

Outer

enis 2, faleate, concave or complicate with a broad dac wing ;

segments 2, erect, oval-oblong or obovate, denticulate at the end,

shortly contracted at the base into a claw. Ovary 2-merous

N. Australia. North coast? R. Brown (no label in his herbarium); Port

Darwin, Se Schultz, a. 261,

18. E. fistulosum, R. Br. Prod, 255. —Evidently very near

E. scariosum and most robably a variety only, with longer leaves,

"ipi more than half the scape, and the outer perianth- sei aaa

e male flowers very narrow. I can find no other differe

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.

, 19. E. de epressum, Z. Br. Prod. 255.— Scapes rigid, striate, 2 to 4

in. long, Leaves as in E. scariosum rather thiek at the base, tapering to

a fine point, short in many specimens (the longer ones having uev

away ? bá cape.

35 -heads pale-coloured, depressed-globular or hemispherical, ied

lines diameter when fully out. Bracts all orbicular, a few outer ones

al rigid and very obtuse, the others thinner and mue eronulate, but

flowering, ower: Outer perianth-segments wanting; inner

Opens reduced to 2 small teeth. Stamens 4. Female flower:

uter segments in me flowers of the outer rows 2, faleate, concave or

aplicate with a bro. cà dorsal wing, more or less connate, deficient in

QS inner ro ws of flowers; inner segments T abori te or oblong.

DT 2-merous,— F, JU iui, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 93.

nt i Brown; near M‘Adam

a, Pi gia nl the 2 of Carpentaria,

5 deustum, P. Br. Prod. 255.—Very near E. depressum and

EU ` xm frio only in its small iios and the very du

Sigh black co of its scapes and flower-heads. sl to 2 =

» Scarcely end the esum Flower-heads and ^um of the

me tid s structure of those of Æ. depressum, the outer obtuse rather

198 CXL. ERIOCAULER. (Eriocaulon.

rigid bracts rather more numerous, but all floriferous as in that species,

and the inner female flowers similarly without outer perianth.

Endeavour River, Banks and Solander. This is the on

Queensland.

which Banks and Solander originally gave the MS. name of E. depressum, whi

Brown transferred to the preceding species.

Orver CXLI. CENTROLEPIDEJ.

e and solitary or several

F sil

together within more or less herbaceous bracts, with or without Li

or rarely 3 hyaline scales to each flower. erianth none. Stamens 4,

fewer by abortion, pendulous and often laterally adnate to the

pericarp; testa thin; albumen somewhat mealy. Embryo small,

obovoid or conical, at the end of the albumen furthest from the hil

—Small tufted plants, mostly annuals, with li or filif i

small densely tufted perennials with imbricate leaves. Flowers voy

> In solitary terminal heads or spikes, rarely reduced to a smg

ower.

Besides the three Australian genera which are endemic, the Order includes =

other, somewhat different in habit and inflorescence, ing over New Zealan ee

Antarctic Ameri e whole Order been worked ith gre f the

Georg Hieronymus in an elaborate me extracted from the twelfth vol. 0 io

Abhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft of Halle. I thi rd

that the inflorescence divides more natural genera e toni

Characters adopted by Hieronymus, and I cannot agree wi considering :

infi t bracts as a one-branched centrifugal cyme,

loped, as in Centrolepis Banksii and. C. exserta, and in the lowest bract of Ap

Drummondii, it appears to me to be clearly a centripetal secund spike.

Flowers in a depressed head, surrounded by several (about

6 : : s. Ovaries l.celled with 2 or 3

styles, intermixed with Mime (1 to each ovary?) . . 1. TRITHURIA*

Flowers in a flat spike, with several distichous bracts, the

lowest 1 or 2 with 2 or more flowers entirely or partly

males, the others with 1 hermaphrodite or female

flower. Ovary I-celled, with 1 style . . . . . . 2, APHELIA.

Flowers within 2 alternate bracts,i or more in eac

; ite. Ovary with 3 or

more lobes and cells in 2 rows very rarely

reduced be or carpel

| 3 superposed

ced to 1 or 2, with 1 style to each lo 3. CENTROLEPIS. .

CXLI. CENTROLEPIDEJ. 199

1. TRITHURIA, Hook. f.

Flowers very numerous, in a terminal head, sessile within a few

imbricate spreading bracts, probably hermaphrodite, with 1 stamen and

vary each, but the stamens and ovaries so closely packed as to

inner scales. Stamens

—

C The genus is limited to southern Australia, and seems in some mea

entrolepider @ with Eriocaulee. The that of the latter, but the

absence of perianth or inner scales would place it rather with Centrolepidee,

Bracts lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acuminate. Fruits

B and seeds ovoid

Tacts aer noetlale;» acuminate, Fruits and seeds

narrow-oblong . . 2. T. occidentalis.

l. T. submersa.

mersa, Hook. > Fl. Tasm. ii. 79. t. 138. — Leaves radieal,

about one line long, thin and pale with a darker central nerve, ot ies

l oe ae side the ers. Stamens with the anthers emily as

etyl racts ; ovaries much shorter though shortly stipitate, the

iL, m à long ruits mostly 3-angled, but some flattened with

sud dges thickened, very little more than + line long.—Junecella

inica, F. Muell. Second Gen. Rep. 16 (name only).

Victoria, Mount Emu C

reek, Axe and Hopkins Rivers, F. Mue

ime C. S. fam of a Lagoon near Mecwands Harbour, eae South Esk

tuart

2: occidentalis, near the longer-seaped speci-

em of T. submersa, gei M Scapes filiform, about 1 in.

ius. Leaves shorter and capillary. Head of the same size, but the

Minis indar lano eolate or almost linear and acuminate. Flowers still

uw ne rous and enitn hs ovaries and carpels narrower. Seed

“oblong, about 1 5 line |

W. Australia, Rie n. 689.

2. APHELIA, R. Br.

~ (Brizula, Hieron.)

Wers unisexual or polygamous, sessile and solitary wi

chons bracts, or 2 or pia Saaks usually males within = Dicet

200 CXLI. CENTROLEPIDEX. [ Aphelia.

1 or 2 bracts, each flower within one or two hyaline scarious —

sometimes minute of wanting to the upper flowers. Stamen ^

filament ada mha ee or oblong. Ovary of a single Ec

g into ingle style with a linear stigma.

d e exem. from fhe ovary, the membranous pericarp opening inà

longitudinal slit.—Small tufted plants. Leaves radical, linear- lior.

Scapes slender, with a terminal flat ovate or lanceolate spike, the brae

complicate and distichously spreading, closely or loosely imbricate.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Bracts narrow, lo osely imbricate, teno mostly herma-

phrodite paasa in the lowest bra 1. A. cyperoides.

Bracts rather broad, closely a a ag p a femalo and

e — upper bracts, 1 or more male in 1 or 2

Spike” ‘nodding lanceolate. SM las Ta the 2

outer wii or 3 male flow 2. A. nutans.

Spike ovate, tanisi to one aido. ine peo bract

thers

ost bract narrow with x rarely 2 male men

= others ee without d or very min A

Š eat aou gracilis.

sario: ge broad wi

the eere saga isa keel, ca an inner ped tile

the 4. A. Drummondit.

Spike ovate, erty tho lowest 2 bracts aiy equal, each

1 flow Inn

er scales of the

% to $ in. Upper bracts appressed, hairy,

with eon margins bp 5 vis nd rounded at the

Eastern

base. Sou

Plant of 1 in. or more. Poe "bi acts with a winged

or nemi imei otherwise erani Western

spec

5. A, pumilio.

6. A. brizula.

A. cyperoi ius KE. Br. Prod. 252. | Boni 1 to 38 in. bos

Lenves shorter, sheathing at the base with scarious margins some

slightly ciliate. Spike ovate, rather loose, the bracts narrows

cuminate, not keeled i i

l. Preiss. ii. 71; F. Muell. Fragm. v. . 204;

Hieron. Centrol. 94.

W. Australia. King George's qera e neighbouring districts, Æ. m

Preiss, n. 1748, Oldfield, F. Mueller and o

Hi m poses to limit the genus op this species as having all the flower

solitary and hermaphrodite. I have howe im in| e specimens I have ex f them

found 2 flowers in the lowest and sometimes also in the next bract, and one 0

or sometimes both male only without any ov;

2. A. nutans, Hook. £ in Herb. Kew.—Scapes 1 to 2 in. sg

Leaves short. Spike nodding, lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines long

Aphelia. | CXLI. CENTROLEPIDES. 201

scarcely 13 lines broad. Bracts lanceolate, obtuse or scarcely acute,

ciliate on tke margins but not keeled and glabrous on the back, the 2

lower ones scarcely different from the others, each with 2 or 3 male

owers of 1 stamen each with a narrow scale; the other bracts (12 or

more) with 1 female flower each, with a very small scale.

W. Australia, Drummond, suppl. n. 84.

3. A. gracilis, Sond. in Linnea, xxviii. 227:—Scapes i to 1 in.

high. Leaves as long. Spike ovate, about 2 lines long, the lowest

W long scale amen; the cther bracts 5 to 9, ovate,

thinly scarious, more or less hirsute, enclosing each a single ovary,

without any scale or the scale ve e and redu to a

notch on the receptacle.—F. Muell. Fragm. v. 204; Brizula gracilis,

Hieron. Centrol. 92 ; 4. Gunnii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 75, t. 138.

^ Victoria. Darebin Creek, F. Mueller ; Skipton, Whan ; near Mount William,

wiwan.

asmania. Formosa, Gunn; South Esk River, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Onkaparinga, F. Mueller.

but narrower than in A. pumilio, the dorsal keel scariously

dentieulate, each enclosing a single ovary in a rather broad

seale.— Brizula Drummondii, Hieron. Centrol. 92.

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 933; Tone and Vasse

Rivers, Oldfield,

8 5 A. pumilio, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxviii. 226, Fragm. v. 204.—

Pr alt to $ in. high and leaves not longer. Spike erect, broadly

„us Margins, acuminate, containing usually 2 male flowers, each of

10 ee stamen enclosed at the base in an oblong scale ; upper bracts

» to 16, complieate, scarious, with short appressed hairs, the margins

= ag dilated and rounded at the base, each containing one ovary en-

[em m a broad complicate scarious scale.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 76 ;

"zula pumilio, Hieron. Centrol. 93.

lang toria, Lower Yarra and neighbourhood, F, Mueller and many others; Vort-

Alit ; Live Vale, Robertson. : = ind

Tasmania, eshunt, Archer (I have not seen this specimen).

S. Australis. Mount Gambier, Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller.

202 CXLI. CENTROLEPIDES, [ Aphelia.

or 3 male flowers like those of A. pumilio, the upper bracts slightly

ciliate on the margin, the keel acute and ciliate or the cilia more or

less connected in a dorsal wing, each enclosing an ovary with a scale

not so broad as in 4. pumilio—Brizula Muelleri, Hieron. Centrol. 93.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 934 and suppl. n. 44 and 119; Stirling Range,

F. Mueller.

3. CENTROLEPIS, Labill.

(DeSvauxia and Alepyrum, R. Br.)

o ilum.—Small tufted plants mostly annuals. Leaves linear-

filiform, all radical. Seapes simple, terminating in the 2 bracts either

close together or one a little distant from the other, both flowering 9r

the lower one empty.

- The genus is limited to Australia with the exception of one species, closely

allied to an Australian one, recently found by Hance in South China.

Spikes narrow, containing 1 to 4 flowers, the outer bracts

erect and glabrous, inner scales few and narrow or

none.

Flowers 1 or very rarely 2 in the spike. Leaves 3 or 4

ines long.

Scape shorter than the almost sessile

Spike . . . 1. C. humillima.

pe usually 1 in. long or more. Outer bract

i e . LI * LI .

CL ar IR UR 2. C. polygyna.

Flowers 2 to 4 in the spike.

pe 1 to 3 in. Outer bract with a long slender

An inner scale to each flower. Carpels :

,rarely20rl. . . 3. C. alepyroides.

Scape under 1 in. Outer bract with a long awn.

nner scales very prominent . 10, C. aristata, val-

Scape about 1 in. Leaves very short. Outer

scales. . . 4. C. mutica.

5. C. glabra.

Centrolepis.] CXLI. CENTROLEPIDEX. 208

Pepe. a brag about 4 in. Outer bracts with a

About 2i inner scales, Carpels 6 to

i 6. C. muscoides.

Scape and leaves under ii in. Outer bracts scarcely

acuminate. An inner scale. Carpel 1 . . . 7. C. monogyna.

Spikes ovate or broad, containing more than 4 flowers,

the outer brac a

flower, usually ve ed prominen

mad de scapes $ to $ in. Flowers 4 to 6in the

Carpels us ually fewer than 6. Southern plant. . 8. C.

Carpels usually more than 6. Tropical plant . 9. C. p

a ay i l to 2 in. Flowers 4 or more in each

pulvinata.

usilla.

Outer e with long leafy points. Carpels usually

outhern and western species 10. C. aristata.

ese ricis Metis e uminate. —- usually

Southern and sequi specie . 11. C. Drummondiü.

Outer [at scarcely poin Flowers numerous.

Spik Carpels 10 to 20, Propioa] speci 12. €. Banksii.

Pikes usually ovate or broad, the er bracts hispid

0 With long spreading hairs. Inner scales t ps rominent.

uter bracts scarcely BS msg o wi ith à wns usually

Carpels usually 3. Styles free or nearly so 0, poco

0 arpels 6 or more. Styles uni ited to above Che middle, Hi; C. pilos

uter bracts spreading with short points

Carpels abo d 6. Mri kn mia: species - 15. C. strigosa.

Carpels m s . Flowers very numerous.

Hiero Topical s Spec . 16. C, exserta.

Par is s, Centrol, E retains drug name of Air um for the New Zealand A.

piam, ww £., which I think Hooker had more correctly at first published as a

rdia of wh ich it has the characteristic habit, and from which it espe sere: in

ls of Centrolepis which I do no find, the ovary is not lobed but 2- to 4-ccllod

with 2 to 4 styles. "The c apsule i

. ein G. australis opens loculicidally in 2 valves; in G.

pallida Y found it 1-celled ad l-seeded by a peti ace :

bated” humillima, F. Mue ie Herb.—A minute moss-like densely

d plant, quite glabrou Seapes scarcely any within a few

recurved leaves, bee 3 lines long, with broad a

irs one only, almost sessile within the leaves, rather broadly linear

closely embracing the flower, tapering into a recurved point not

"Iceeding the leaves. Flower 1 o only, with a scarious complicate scale

"PPosed to the bract and ne the stamen. Ovary of 3 or 4

Fee the styles united at

W. Australia, Salt lagoons north of Stirling Range, F. Mueller.

une Polygyna, Hieron. Centrol. 96.—Though slender and some-

Lea Very small this species is more rigid than its nearest allies.

oie capillary, usually in t

kae about 1 in. long, though oceasionally more than twice or

oy halt as much, of a Poder dui colour as well as the floral

204 CXLI. CENTROLEPIDEA. [ Centrolepis.

braets which are close together, narrow, erect, rigid, glabrous, rs 2

lines long, the outer one with a rigid awn at leas as long and s

. Fl. Tasm. ii. 78; Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 71.

W. Australia. g George's ind and Sins districts, R. Brown, F.

Mueller, Drummond, n. 926, Preiss, n. ij Ola agers a

Alep, purum pumilio, R. Br. P rod. 2 , from K ing George's Sound, R. Brown, a

om Murray River, F. Mueller, Sea to be only a small state of C. polygyna, the

whole plant Qm cadet under 4 in . high.

3. C. alepyroides, Hieron. Centrol. 90. Perit! allied to

sl 1 but much more slender. Leaves } to } in. long. Se apes

ary, 1 to 3 in. long. Floral bracts glabrous, erect, under 2 lines

N. S. Wales. Specimens in herb. F. Mueller from Hastings River, D

HS. to belong to this species, rather than to C. plan but possibly there ™

be some mistake. i

w. Ahatli, Swan River, Preiss, n. 1739; Vasse and Murchison Rivers, Old

The dwarf arf plant from Tasmania which I have after F. vies die as à

variety to C, Esc closely connects that species with C. alepyro

C. mutica, Hieron. Centrol. 97.—Very eg allied to €

slates: bo the filiform leaves are searcely abov r 4 lines inr

whilst the slender scape is above 1 in. high, pi e floral pee i

ab it

W. Australia. al "m E ETE R. Brown,

C. glabra, Hieron. Centrol. 95.—A small glabrous plant ee

the habit of c. ge osten but more sle nder. _ Leaves cd RV

half as long, the inner one narrower, without any point. Flowers -

of which 2 usually without any stamen, and no hyaline scales in 389

Centrolepis.] E CXLI. CENTROLEPIDER. 205

of the heads examined. Carpels of the ovary about 8, rarely 10.

Styles free or nearl 80.— Desvaucia glabra, F. Muell. in Linnea, xxviii.

226; Alepyrum Muelleri, Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 78.

Victoria. Moant Emu Creek, Edwards River, F. Mueller; Richardson River,

Miss Beal,

Tasmania. Bottom of a lagoon on Macquarie River, Gunn.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 929.

. C. muscoides, Hieron. Centrol. 95.—A minute slender glabrous

annual, growing i ense moss-like tufts of about + in. Leaves

scarcely exceeding the spike, subulate, dilated at the

with a narrow scale under the stamen. Carpels of

10;

ovary usually 6 to 8 but sometimes only 4 or as many as 10.

Alepyrum Tasm. ii. 77.

Tasmania. Marshy ground in subalpine situations about Marlborough, Gunn.

l stamen and 1 ovary with a single carpel.—Ale

Š 3 d, yrum monogynum,

Book. & Fl. Tam, ii. 77 7 s

not at all those of Aphelia, in which it is placed i t of

in placed by Hieronymus on accoun

los artificial c ter of the solitary carpel. It has moreover no male flower in the

Tact, and ovaries with a single carpel occur also occasionally in C. alepyroides.

ds = pulvinata, Desv. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, xiii. 42, 4. 2, A

Fi šely tufted little plant, with filiform leaves and scapes of i to 2 in.

i C3 bracts a little d

the ] 9ne slightly hairy. Flowers 1 or 2 in the upper bract, 2 or 3 in

Ower one; hyaline scales rather long, 2 or sometimes 3 to each

100. D Carpels of the ovary to 6 or rarely 7.— Hieron. Centrol.

t B esvauria pulvinata, R. Br. Prod. 252; Guillem. Ic. Pl. Austral.

to b imania, Kent's Group, Bass's Straits, R. Brown. Said also by Hieronymus

uth West Australia, but I have seen np specimens from thence.

with C: PUSilla, Rom. e; Schult. Syst. i. 44A small tufted plant

“tapes aud leaves of about 2 In. like C. muscoides. Floral bracts

206 OXLI. CENTROLEPIDER. [ Centrolepis.

close together and glabrous as in that species but somewhat epic

owers

0. C. aristata, Rem. et Schult. Syst. i. 44.--Leaves linear, some

times "e short and fine isin often a - of them nearly 5 line broad

or by the side of each arn with a few apparently additional ones.

Carpels of the ovary few, varying from 3 or 4 to 6 or 7.—Hook. f. 1)

Tasm. S s 6, t. 138 ; Hieron. cons 99; Desvaucia aristata, R. pr.

Prod. 2

Certe Sree tson, ves ER -— rA William, Sulli wan. id

Abun in soil near Georgetown and Launceston,

day i “South — River, n St Shs

ao anie, Bugle Range, etc. F. Mueller d

"tecto dh g George's Sound, R. Brown, F. Mueller and others; à?

SR m Swan River, Drums, Oldfield.

Var? pygmea, F. Muell. A little bres wind pre plant of 3 in. m

flowers or none at all in the lower bract and 2 or 3 in the upper el but inte temi C

with hyaline scales as in the ic ve 0. erit connecting this pocas th-

alepyroides to which perhaps the present variety is more aptly referrible.— "

port, Tasmania, Story.

Hn. œ. Drummon dii, Hieron. Centrol. 98.--Leaves very fine

mostly about i in. Seapes capillary, 1 to 2 in. high. Spike oblong.

glabrous. Floral bracts oe about 2 lines wat shortly acumina 4

. a . SS

pulchra, Hieron. Centrol. Descauzia Urvillei, Steud. Syn. P.

‘Glam. ii. 267; Centrolepis Crt, Hieron: Centrol. 100.

W. Australia. King George's Soun n River, dpt. ist coll. and ™

930; Preiss, n. 1809, D' Urville, F aites, pes 4, Muir and o

Desvauxia brevifolia, Nees in PI. po ii. 70 (eiiis pu Hie yr

Centrol. 98), from King George's So woes n. 1749, which I mper

from Nees's description as corrected by H bisnien iie £ from C.

mondi.

Centrolepis.] CXLI. CENTROLEPIDEJ. 207

C. Banksii, Rem. et Schult. Syst. i. 44.— Very similar to C.

12.

exserta, but quite glabrous in all its parts. Leaves filiform mostly

i more. Spik

about j in. long, scapes from that to 1 in. or rather pike

broad, the floral bracts very spreading, about 13 lines long, ovate,

acute or tap into a short point. Flowers numerous in bo racts,

outer bract. Carpels of the ovary from 10 to 20.— Hieron. Centrol.

99; Desvaucia Banksii, R. Br. Prod. 253.

N. Australia. Victoria River, F. Mueller.

Queensland, Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.

18. C. fascicularis, Labill Pl. Nov. Holl.i.7,t. 1—Leaves 1 to

2 In. long, usually ciliate below the middle with a few long hairs

to 3 in. hi

ovary 2 to 4; usually 3; styles nearly free.— Desv. in . Sc. Na

m. t. 2; Endl.’ Icono 49; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 77;

Hieron. Centrol. 102 ; C.cuspidigera, Rudge in Trans

z V. 12;

Gaudich in Freye. Vo

a 8. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

others ; New England, C. Stuart.

Victoria. Fitzroy River, Robertson ; Grampians, F. Mueller.

lu Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; abundant in wet heathy places, J. D.

M. C, pilosa, Hieron. Centrol. 102.— Very closely allied to C.

Fitcicularis. With the same stature, foliage, hairs, and bracts, but the

ovary appears constantly to have 6 or more carpels, and the styles are

connate to a considerable height.

W. Australia, Drummond.

of o ¢ Strigo

ign fascicularis. Leaves often 1 in. long, his

"s not numerous hairs, Seapes usually rather longer than the leaves.

208 CXLI. CENTROLEPIDER. [ Centrolepis.

tea mee Port Jackson, Vie ate R. demos a and others

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Bro ser, Dr inihi y :

Island, Mas ell. ‘There dies not appear to ‘ei any pr iéa between the Eas

a gen

the typica al form pue svaUx vagy dp Dr. Prod. 252; Centrolepis aemula,

in Trans. Linn. Soc. x. 284, dom nonym, but the figure t. 12 f. 2 is that ste

typical. G. strigosa with both the bracts ug cd ae I Rom. et Sch. Syst. 1.

43; ipd n. Centrol. 100, —Port Jackson, R. B

Var. tenuior. Usually smaller i die od hdi , the floral bracts with very

short or pee ely any points, and s third hyaline scale to each flower very small or

deficient.— Des Virus tenuior, R. od. 252; Centrolepis tenuior, Reem. e t Schult.

Syst. i. gea Hook. f. Fl, Tasm. ii. 16; rere Centrol, 101.

N.S Wales. Port Jackson, Woo

Victoria. Yarra, Snowy River, Sa "7M à

emp rera King s Island, R. Brown ; ibus PETN Gunn, Archer, Story 9n

other

S. Modi Bugle Range, F. Mueller.

very shortly connate.—Hieron. Centrol. 101; Desvausxia exserta, R.

Prod. 253 ; Guillem. Ic. Pl. Austral. t. 17.

N. Se eR Providence Hill and M‘Adam Range, F. Mue 5

d eensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; the ali "d bp

ticular preston ‘forgotten, R. Brown; North Queens land, rmit. C. oin ,

Hance, from South China differs from this species chiefly in the larger size of

Vene

Orper CXLII. RESTIACES.

2 rows. Male flowers: — x. filaments filiform and free 9

united in a colum oblong 1-celled and dorsally attached; ^ or

in 3 genera dedu chk a cells aali attached in the centre 0n

the cells always opening by a longitudinal slit, a rudimentary ovary

i present i wol male

mentary anthers, in others entirely wanting. Ovary sessile or shortly

stipitate, 1- 2- or 3-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in each cell. pare

as many as cells, usually long linear or filiform and stigmatic along

CXLIT. RESTIACEA. 209

inner side from below the middle or almost to the base, all free or more

or less united at the base. Fruit dry, often hard, usually small, either 2-

either opening along 1-side, or an indehiscent nut. Seeds 1 in each

cell, attached at or near the top, usually striate or minutely tubercular-

rugose; testa appressed; albumen usually méaly. Embryo small,

lenticular or obovoid, at the base of the albumen, at the end

v PU

simple or branched, erect or flexuose and variously twisted. Leaves

hone or few, radical and long linear or sedge-like, but the stems usually

bracteoles and concealed under the glume, or when not in close spike-

me is almost limited to extratropical South Africa, Australia and New

South Af Of the eleven Australian genera two of the largest are also numerous in

Zealan, rica but without any identical species, one of them also represented in New

d, the other 9 endemic,

ee are clo d in habit and inflorescence to Cyperace@ and in the

ses I Juncee but readily distinguished from both by the pendulous ovules and

he great dissimilarity in habit and inflorescence between the males and

Ye correctly matched the two sexes, and in several others one sex is still

Pw Aa or 2m Styles or style branches 2 or 3.

wers in spikelets with imbricate glumes, e

3 s, Mal

Spikelets Several-flowered. Filaments connate.

Female spikelets 1-flowe 1. Lorna.

i te

glumes, either d :

Fl female si tamens free. . . . . . . 2, ECDBIOCOLEA.

wers in narrow or spikelike panicles, the glumes

Anthers | t imbricate and 2 bracteoles under each flower. 3. ANARTHRIA.

1-celled,

Flowers in narrow or spike-like panicles, the glumes

Scarcely imbricate and usually 2 bracteoles under

BRNO Em. ono Er ra or o FTO

‘rs in spikelets with imbricate glumes, the

Spikelets several-flowered in both sexes or the

» rne Hüowend. s 20. 2. YO . o5 B Beet.

210 CXLII. RESTIACEA,

Ovary 1-celled with a single ovule, Styles or style

branches 3

Female spikelets several-flowered as well as the

males. Pericarp usually Td atorally o 6. LEPTOCARPUS.

Foihale spikelets Song Mee Nut Spare : 7. HYPOLÆNA

Ovary 1-celled with a single ovule. ragas vided.

Female spikelets rek Stems much-branched.

eathing scales persistent : 8, LoxocARYA.

Female quo several-flowered as well the

males mostly simple. Sheathing Faille

9. LrPIDOBOLUS.

ry dec

Siga ipikelete - deir clustered, Perianth of 3

and cilia, Males

0. CHÆTANTHUS.

Spikelets P" n both ‘sexes ` solitary, terminal, s veral-

flowered. Perianth of 3 narrow-clawed hyaline

segments 1. ONYCHOSEPALUM.

Chetodiscus Gilberti, Steud. PL dimi: ii. 261, is too imperfectly | described

for identification but is qoe o ea irn

1. LYGINIA, R. Br.

Flowers diceious, the males a: together, the females solitary,

in spikelets with jinBrieate glumes. Perianth-segments 6, glume e-like,

not exceeding the glumes. Male flower: Stamens 3, the filaments

united almost to the top ; anthers of 2 distinct cells dorsally attached

in the centre only. Yemale flower: No staminodia. Ovary 3 3-celled ;

iter and terminal.

The genus is limited to the single species, endemic in West Australia.

. L. barbata, R. Br. Prod. 248.—Rhizome creeping, cove ered as

sell as the base of the stems with closely imbricate shining brown

scales. Stems simple, erect or flexuose, rather slender, 1 to 2 Tt. high.

Sheathing scales appressed, ciliate at the top with long hairs a7

ac s

or quite glabrous. Spikelets closely sessile within the bract ee"

scarcely protruding from it, solitary within each bract or rarely 1 °F

additional imperfect spikelets i in the lowest bract. Glumes dark brow”

acuminate, nearly 3 lines long, most of them flowering, with few empty

t lum ube.

Spikelets few and often only a single terminal one. Glumes of the

same length but ales than in the males, acuminate with a fine e

all mu h but enclosing a single terminal flower. Peria nth-segmer e

nearly equal, rigid, acute, very much imbricate and pd round

Lyginia.] CXLII. RESTIACEX. 211

ovary, rather shorter than the glumes. Style short and thick, with

long plumose stigmatic branches. Capsule depressed, thick and hard,

the angles very prominent.—Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 61 ; L. symphyonema,

uell. Fragm. viii. 79; Sehanodum tenax, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii.

80, t. 229 as to the male plant.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others and thence to Swan

River, Drummond 1st. coll. and n. 953 (d) 952 (9), Preiss, n. 1699, 1700, 1701 ;

urchison Oldfield.

L. imberbis, R. Br. Prod, 248, Nees. in Pl. Preiss, ii. 61, also from King George's

Perianth-segments 6, glume-lik t exceeding the

S s

dorsally attached in the centre only. Female flowers: Staminodia 3.

Ovary 2-celled , styles 2, free and stigmatic almost from the base.

Capsule unknown.—Stems simple, with a single sheathing scale besides

the imbricate ones at the base. Spikelets solitary.

The genus is limited to the single species, endemic in West Australia.

but stri tly terminal. Glumes ovate, obtuse, very numerous, rigid

and closely imbrieate, about 2 lines long, 2 or 3 of the outer ones

shorter and empty, but no sheathing bract immediately under the spike.

erianth in both sexes very flat, about as loug as the glumes, glabrous

or slightly hairy at the tips, 2 outer segments concave-complicate, the

an very flat and rather broad, 3 inner ones narrow and concave.

laments rather short. Styles long.

ah Australia. Drummond, 4th coll. n. 342; Murchison River, Oldfield.

e flowers rding to F. Mueller are diœcious, the only. female flower however

Which I have been able to fermy was taken from a spike in which there were

is habit ees! males. The specimens are too few to determine whether the plant

bitually dicecious or androgynous.

3. ANARTHRIA, R. Br.

Flowers dieeious or rarely monecious, in narrow or spike-like

Panicles, the glumes not Fine imbrieate and shorter than the

212 OXLII. RESTIACER. [ Anarthria.

-li

5 uox ents free ; anthers of 2 distinct cells, dorsal sticka in the

centre boly. ema sr isa No staminodia. Ovary 3-celled ; styles

The genus is limited to West Australia.

Stems simple, more or less flattened. Panicle narrow, man

flowered, with a long ihe leaf-like bract at the

bas

Siem a and leaves very feb 3 to 4 ee broad

. A scabra.

Stem and leaves flat, 2 to 3 lines

Qo t2 n

i A, levis.

Stem and leaves slightly flattened, n 1 line broad . +. 3. A. gracilis.

Stems much branched. Panicles numerous, 3- to 6-flo wered.

Stems sana ee the numerous branches loosely curved or i

flex: 4. A. prolifera.

Stems Poo flattened, the branches ‘erect ‘and bushy,

leafy throughout . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 A. polyphylla.

1. A. scabra, R. Br. Prod. 249.—Stems erect, rigid, very flat, d

to 2 ft. high and 3 to 4 lines broad. Leaves all radical, as long an i

broad as the stems or rather longer, sheathing Bhasi and. ee

segments narrow, acuminate, of a rich brown, 2 to 2 lines long. F e

ments shorter than the anthers, in the centre of a flat t receptum

Female flowers sessile or o n very short curved rigid pedicels in the

notches of a thick flat €: flexuose n or shortly branched pee

with a ve w acumi r glume and 1 or 2 eee

under each flower. PBélitiiu p incte lanceolate, acuminate ri

5 to 6 lines long, 3 inner rather smaller. Caps sule hard zi

sinus about 3 lines broad, erowned by 3 short pajat. Pe base s of the

—Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 61; F. Muell. Fragm. vi

W. Australia. Geo oining districts, R. Brow”

Cunningham, jr c d 249 d id. PLE n ITUR Sa. Mueller and others.

2. A. levis, R. Br. Prod. 249.—Stems 1 to 1} ft. high, flat =

rigid, with leaves as long as in 4. scabra and similarly shea thing ur

equitant at the base, but both eee and stem narrower, usually abo

and always under 3 lines broad with smooth margins, the inflor-

Anarthria.] CXLII. RESTIACER. 213

lumes much shatter than the peranth 1 or 2 small lanceolate

bracteoles. Perianth-segments b es , thin, ere about 2 lines

ong, e inflorescence very se, to ne Glumes

about 1 line long, very broad. Ovary tapes into 3 ue stigmatic

styles.—Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 61; F. Muell. Fragm. viii.

w. tralia. King George’s Sound and Lucky Bay, R. Brown, Baxter ; and

probably fro m the same xi NUN Drummond, n. 343, 370, 866 ; Preiss, n. 1813,

1814, 1817 ; Forest Hill, Muir

3. A. gracilis, R. Br. Prod. 249.—Stems UAI about 1 ft. high,

slightly flattened bt like the Mio under 1 line br ) broad, with obtuse

: n

oe. Muell. Fragm. viii. 7p A. humilis and A. prs

rid m Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1. vi. 50, and in Pl. Preiss. ii. 63; 4

Chemoides and A. canaliculata, Nees in PI. Petts ii. 62.

tov: Austr . King George's Sound, R. Brown, F. Mueller and others, and

nce to Swan River, Drusmond tet coll. n. 904, also n. 73, 203, 344 ; Preiss, n. 1815.

dno ngst F. Mueller's specimens there is v with the upper flowers female, whilst

Se at the base of the inflorescence are

€ anches,

a extending to 1 to 2 ft. Radical leaves not numerous, as

434 as the stem, 3 to 6 in. p those under the branches gradually

to sheathing bracts open from the base; tbe lowest often 4 to

^ or 4 flowers. Perianth-segments in n sexes lanceola e,

b about 4 lines long, or rather shorter in the females.— —F. Muell.

- viii. 82; A. levis, var. Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 62.

214 CXLII. RESTIACER. [ Anarthria.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Collie, Preiss, n. 1721, F.

Mueller and others; common in the sands, Oldfield ; Swan River, Miss Lukin.

A. pauciflora, R. Br. Prod, 249, is founded on a single fragm

o; ,

ent from King

George's Sound, which appears to me to be a branch from a slender specimen of 4.

prolifera,

terete or slightly flattened, branching and almost bushy and leafy

throughout, 6 to 8 in. high. Lea

ceeding the flowers, the glumes or bracts under each flower still shorter.

Outer perianth-segments narrow-lanceolate, acute, nearly 3 lines long;

the inner ones rather shorter and m use. Filaments nearly a8

long as the segments and anthers about as long.—F. Muell. Fragm.

viii. 83.

W. Australia, Drummond ; near Gordon River, Preiss, n. 1691.

and very acute.

4. LEPYRODIA, R. Br.

ihe perianths. Perianth-segments 6, glume-like or thin and almost

i efl : §

abortive anther. Ovary 3-angled, 3-celled ; styles 3, either distinct oF

mo ; : iddle oT

Male and female inflorescences not very different. Bracteole

each flower within the glume usually 2, deficient however in two specie

The genus is limited to extratropical Australia.

dm ints M. HIT eT . 1. L. seariosa.

appressed. Floral

bracts shortly acuminate ... . 2. L. Muelleri

Stems very slender, apparently without sheathing

= iple sed LI Lens E 3. ab. anarthria.

Lepyrodia.] CXLIL RESTIACEJ. 215

Eastern species, Outer perianth-segments at least in

the males venis r than the inner. Sheathing scales

closely appre:

Stems slender, died comite d MN with a single

anicle

spike-like "pani 4. L. gracilis.

t"! pa bra e gand Joose. Spikes

nly numerous nas i paniculate 5. L. tasmanica

tems Toa oos branched. Flowers re almost sessile

katé ea the bran:

L. interrupta,

cach flower wi thin the glume.

Stems branched at the base, about 4 in. hi igh.

ma iis scales Yer deciduous. Flowers

hermaphrodite

Stems vino jar branched, near 1 d „Sheathing scales

persistent. rs mono . . L. monoica.

Stems paniy snp ie She g scales per-

athin

nk nt. Outer perianth-segments shorter than

7. L hermaphrodita.

inner.

Glumes and bracteoles = : aristate . . 9. L. Muirii.

Dione - bracteoles with fine points . 10. L. stricta.

Stems nearly simple. rue shite scales very

deciduous ae annular s

tems densely tufted. Male perianths a little

above llinelong . - > ll. L. maera.

Stems from a thick reeping rhizome, "Male

Ww ose pics 21 ome long 12. L. Drummondiana.

estern specie wers clustered in the panicles

without bracteoles, Sheathing scales loose.

Shea eon erect, Perianth. -segments acute or

13. L. glauca.

Shething ° scales spreading, Porianth-segments

- 14. L. aneetocolea.

l. L. scari E. Br. Prod. 248.—Rhizome creeping. Ste

ofer terete, glabrous, 1 to 2 ft. high. Sheeting scales brown, jeneg

^ i t specime

$206 with short points. Inflorescence à narro w pale brown thyrsoid

i ort unequal erect branches, the lower ones jaaa distant,

the others more crowded. racts under the lower branches rigid with

long points, under the upper branches smaller, broader and more

"gs Owers sessile or shortly pedicellate within searious glumes

at base of the

owers with a small rudiment of the ovary, females

with slender iitainndis. —-F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 72; L. hermaphrodita,

ees in Sieb. Pl. Exs. n. 51, not of R. Br.

amm. S Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls, and

New England, C. Stuart.

2. L. Muelleri Benth. aione creeping. Stems erect, often

vit high or more. ane scales pec to 4 in. ence some

216 CXLII. RESTIACER, [ Lepyrodia.

as or rather shorter than the outer.— L. lasmanica, F. Muell. Fragm.

viii. 75, not of Hook. f.; L. stricta, F. Muell. He b., not of R. Br.

Victoria. From Port Phillip to Gipps' Land, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. South Esk River, C. Stuart.

S. Australia. Near Mount Gambier, F. Mueller.

in L. seariosus, but soon witherin away. Capsule small, delen

quite normal.—Anarthria gracilis, Nees in Sieb. Pl. Exs. n. 50 ; Kunth,

Enum. iii. 478, but not of R. Br.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, or Blue Mountains, Sieber. Possibly a variety e

gracilis, but the half dozen specimens I have seen in different herbari all witho

i :

scales as in Avarthria, and the inner perianth-segments are certainly not

longer than the outer.

like panicles, a terminal one of 1 to 12 or rarely 2 in. and often one OF

two smaller ones lower down, the bracts and glumes all small. P ur

anth-segments narrow, acutely acuminate, the inner ones scarce ha

line long, the outer considerably shorter especially in the males, t

females similar or the segments rather less unequal.—F. Muell. Frag"

viii. 73; L. stricta, Nees in Sieb. Pl. Exs. n. 32, not of Br

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 32 and 46, F. Mueller and others.

. * he

5. L. tasmanica, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 72, t. 135. — Stems in t

typical form from a creeping rhizome erect, branching from near the

acutely acuminate, the inner ones rather more than 1 line long: the

outer ones considerably shorter. Female perianth similar but mail

segments nearly equal. Staminodia conspicuous, usually bearing $

abortive anthers. Capsule small

Lepyrodia.] CXLII. RESTIACEJE. 217

Tasmania. Detention River near Circular Head and Lake St. Clair, Gunn;

Southport, C, Stuart ; Gibson's Plains, F. Mueller.

Var. laxa, Stems long, weak, often decumbent, spikes much fewer and fewer-

flowered, usually distant along the branches. I can find no other difference.— ZL.

paniculata, F, Muell. 2d. Gen. Rep. 16 (name only); Fragm. viii. 73.

` Victoria. Grampians, F. Mueller and others,

Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Mueller ; Brisbane River, Bailey.

N.S.Wales. Port J ackson, F. Mueller,

grat fleruosa, Ider flowering branc} itting slender very fl b À

otten climbing to a considerable length like those of Hypolena gracillima.

" s, Sulliv This plant referred to by F. 3 n,

mee appears to me to c elongated late b hes of L. interrupta, the main

nsist o

of flown Which they proceed with the broad loose sheathing scales and old clusters

Owers are quite those of that species.

du. hermaphrodita, R. Br. Prod. 248.—Stems shortly branch-

Ing and densely tufted at the base without any ereeping rhizome, erect

r curved, usually about 4 in. high, eatbing scales rather loose, all

i t west very deciduous leaving annular scars. ikes ter-

aae interrupted, nearly simple, about 2 in. long, the flowering bracts

E cely 2 lines long, brown and rigid but very deciduous. Flowers

gid but

st Phrodite, sessile or shortly pedicellate, solitary or 2 together

mithin the lower bracts. Glumes and bracteoles short and seariose.

Dear] egments acutely acuminate, a little above 1 line long, all

ie equal. Anthers shortly exserted. Capsule small, 3-lobed,

Trag viis: D" in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser. 1, xiii. t. 3. f. 3; F. Muell.

- Vili. 75.

` Australia, King George's Sound, R. Brown, F. Mueller.

hey : monoica, F. Muell. Fragm. viii, 76.—Stems divided almost

"i diem Into numerous erect branches nearly 1 ft. high, most of

me » ender and often clustered but here and there one much stouter

-— broad Pping the others, Sheathing scales at the base of the stem short

mud; d imbricate and sometimes a close y appressed one on the

part, but usually only under the branches and then broad

* o.

218 OXLII. RESTIACER. [ Lepyrodia.

loose and NEA Flowers monceious like those of L. macra, but

the spikes more slender and interrupted, often irregularly compound

merous as to form an irregular much-branched panicle.

neigh acute, a little above 1 line long, the greater er

ur specimens females with staminodia, but several males mixe

minat them

W. Au dod: Drummond, n. 447.

ar, ? foliosa, F. Muell. Several T the sheathing scales enclosing, besides 1 or 2

branches, m linear leaves in the s me cluster, each consisting of a short scarious

sheathi xd e and a linear libb: of $ to 1 in. or even longer.— Perongerup

F. Mue

uiri, F. Muell Fragm. viii. 78.—Rhizome thick e

creeping. Stems rather slender but rigid, erect and undivided in

the specimens seen, from about 1 ft. to above 2 ft. high. Sheathing

more equal rather smaller and more obtuse than in the males. oe

nodia conspicuous. Styles 3 long and slender. Capsule under L

road.

wW. Australia, Drummond, n, 106 d, and 107 9 ; King George's South z

Mueller ; Lake Muir, Muir ; Busselton, Pries. The species comes very near

eastern Lh gracilis.

0. L. stricta, R. Br. Prod. 248.— Rhizome hard and dense bi

Preiss. ii. 60; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 74. "

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining distri R. Brown, Drin »

€ Are n. 1710, T. Mueller an and others. As as as our specimens go est

be diceci ue

species appear to cecious, although the two

in their inflorescence ns yd perianths. =

ll. L. macra, Nees in Pi. fee ii. 60.—Stems ems tufted

but without the creeping rhizome of ET mondiana or o bran

ing base of phrodita, aufs der, 6 in. to above n

Sheathing scales, feo the few Se aa ones at the base Athe "

Lepyrodia.] CXLII, RESTIACEZ. 219

all very deciduous leaving annular scars; floral bracts thin, lanceolate,

3to 4 lines long, also very deciduous. Spikes simple or s ightly com-

Mueller, Fragm. viii, 75, refers this fo Z. hermaphrodita, but besides the habit

and stature the flowers in our specimens are certainly unisexual. ose described

Y Nees were small and starved, but the Kew and other collections contain others

more than twice their size with a much more luxuriant inflorescence,

. 12. L, Drumm :

ing. Stems erect or flexuose, simple, rather slender, mostly about 1 ft.

S ges; flowering bracts also very deciduous, laneeolate and thin.

am spikes or clusters simple or compound, sessile within each bract,

orming T interrupted terminal spike-like panicle, similar in the males

a T8; bracteoles shorter, thin, acutely acuminate ale flowers

~uter perian segments rigid, acutely acuminate, 21 lines long, the

Inner ones shorter. emale flowers similar but smaller, the

Whole perianth scarcely 2 lines long. Staminodia small. Capsule

zormal but not so broad for its length as in most species.—F. Muell.

Tagm. viii, 75. ~

w. ia, Drummond, n. 395 d ,and 347 ot

is L.glauca, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 77.—Rhizome thick and creeping.

ems stout, rigid, erect, 2 or 3 ft. hi gh, simple or with a few long erect

~“ aches. Sheathing scales loose but erect, often 1 to 2 in. long.

a narrow, interrupted, 3 or 4 in. long with sometimes a spike much

Scarious bracts under the smaller branc es, and these again into

Smaller ovate scarious glumes, the last bracts enclosing a head

almost sessile flowers, each within a small scarious glume

220 OXLII. RESTIACEA. [ Lepyrodia.

the ovary and divided almost to the base.—Leptocarpus glaucus, Nees in

Pl. Preiss. ii. 64

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. Preiss, n. 1693; Blackwood

and Gordon Rivers, Oldfield ; Busselton, Pries.

ong or more, spreading from below the middle. Male pamete

of the stem, pper ones and those on the smaller branches very

small, passing into the small thinly scarious hyaline glumes which a

shorter than the periant Flowers as lauca, almost cluster

very thin, pale brown, almost hyaline, all obtuse, the outer ones p

about $ line long, the inner oblong, 1i lines long. Stamens exserted,

without any rudimentary ovary. Females unknown.

W. Australia, Drummond,

5. RESTIO, Linn.

(Megalotheca, F, Muell.)

Flowers dicecious, both sexes several together or the females ier K

in spikelets with imbricate glumes aud n eteoles. Pe

segments 4, 5 or 6, glume-like r dorm

exceeding the glumes. Male flowers: Stamens 3, filaments filitor ale

ree; anthers l-celled. Rudimentary ovary small or none. Fem 3

flowers: Staminodia 3 or none. Ovary 2- or 3-celled ; styles ? geo

free from the base or very shortly connate, stigmatic almost from ils

Capsule flat and 2-celled or 3-angled and 3-celled, the €?

: : dieu single

The genus is very largely represented in South Africa, without however à ^.^.

Species identical th the Ausiralian ones which are all endemic. Among pos

here described there are still several in which either the sexes may have been

matched or yet unkn d are theref hat uncerta:

Secr. I. Choristogynia.— Male spikelets several flowered; females 1 fineart

Stems much branched. Male spikelets sessile along the branches ; females term

Restio.} CXLU. RESTIACEA. 221

Male flo owering branches numerous, erect, slender.

Spikelets linear. Capsule very small . 1. R. fastigiatus.

Male barge poo elongated. Spikelets ovate à

st from the base 6. R. dimorphus.

Male s ik xen obl lmost o oid. Ca: sule 2

lin a rays aaah oe "he Jt à ys - 2. R. megalotheca.

Szcr. II. Stac hygynia.— Both male and female spikelets several flowered (in some

species however the females unknown).

Spikelets (in both sexes ?) small and numerous in a

dense terminal panicle,

Spikelets ovoid, very shining, with fine-pointed :

_ glumes. Tropical species 3. R. tropicus.

is d Ar globular, dull brown, "obtuse,

e 4. R. applanatus.

Spikelets = both s Xes s?) termina ating branches or

ed uoles o or sessile wong the bran

scales loose and DE. pr.

tern iic les.

purt rigid and glabrous. Spikelets Mcd or

. & R. monocephalus.

Bios lindas, glabrous Sp pikelets numerous. 6. R. dimorphus.

Sh Spera ge acuminate, loué or erect, Western

Stems | Pie tose-villous, Bheaitung scales loose,

Spikelets Maior rous - R. confertospicatus,

Stems glabro s, rigid, under 1 ft. often flexuose.

Sri solitary à or haw: gaia about 3 lines

8. R. sphacelatus.

Spikelets several, ovoid, about 4 lines long.

lumes with fine points 9. R. deformis.

Spikelets . ‘several ovate, 2 2 lines long, the

fem on x genda 0." R. erispatus,

Butkeléte nom fobs AR. nitens.

Stems 1 rte small vind eae " Pw pale Spike-

ets

me glabrous, ne Ero narrow- :

ovoid, about 3 lines ong. . 12. R. gracilior.

Raise E » pti d Scales m

pixelets narr w, the males about 2 i

ik „the females 3to 4 4 lines lo ong * 13. R. chaunocoleus.

Spikelets in both sexes es nearly similar, mostly erec

one acd pedicellate, on » simple rhachis or in a

rrupted panic

Shing se ^ e and tek Eastern species.

e, tere

Spikelets $ few, x least 4 lines long. Upper :

scales x 14. R. australis.

` Spikelets numerous, 2 to 3} lines long. Sheath- n

ing scales ck i edie appressed 16. R. gracilis,

Stems very flat 16. R. complanatus.

terete, tall, with dense clusters of f fine þar-

ren paha, Spikelets numerous . 17. R. tetraphyllus.

es Wi 18. R. larus.

Male spik "deer lets leis d diee e estern species

ot Votet

species,

e one ilte amd m u

Wards, alog, dome, d F " er R. lazus.

222 OXLII. RESTIACER. [ Restio.

Stems eels villous, nes scales ciliate

with white hairs , 19. R. ornatus,

Sheathing scales senes appresse ed.

Stems slender, tere te. Sheathing scales acumi-

e or aristate . . . 20. R. leptocarpoides.

Stems terete. She athing scales obtuse . . s . 21. R. amblycoleus.

Stems flat. Spikelets almost globular . . . . 22. R. tremulus

R. Seen, Nees in Pl. Preiss, ii. N nd bee from a male es igo of LEN 8

pe Riche, is unknown to me and the genus must remain br om

curbs, uer in esi Nat, Hist. € i. vi. 50, om ribed from an » tia

speci of Drummond’s first collection, is without doubt one of the species of ero

or Santee hare iibi, but the character r given is insufficient for identificati

ECTION I. CHoristoayNta.—Stems much branched. Male ux

lets several- Reed E sessile along the branches. reato s TE 8

owered, terminating the branches or peduncles, or few sessile aos

the branches

1. R. fastigiatus, R. Br. Prod. 246.—Rhizome creeping, ag

hairy. Stems erect, slender, from 1 to above 2 ft. high, divided in

uel . Fragm. viii. 6 lateriflorus, Nees in Sieb. Pl. Be

42, not at R. Br. and actualy referred by Spreng. Syst. Cur. 265.

26 to R. tropicus ; Calorophus Sieberianus, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, and many others.

male "i intor are very rare in collections, some epee beads o ~~ ng tho

. R. megalotheca, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 99.—Ste E

branehing, 1 rx 2 ft. high, terete or nearly so, oe — ias short

stri

thers. Glum i

dark eer the outer = ones short broad with raider lon. poins

y narrower with shorter points. Feri

ear, the 2 outer ones complicate, the others flat,

—— — M M A RR RRRRRRKu——A——————ÁÉE—————

Restio.] CXLII. RESTIACER. 223

spikelets terminal, with rarely a sessile one lower down, about 4 lines

ong. umes not numerous, broad, 2 or 3 outer ones much shorter

and obtuse, the next acuminate. Flower solitary and terminal. Pe-

broad, thick and hard, fully 2 lines diameter, opening at the angles.—

Megalotheca striata, F. Muell. 1. c.

W. Australi Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 950; also suppl. n. 103 and ». 186.—

Pane only found 4 perian anth-se segments in the female man - the specimen he

uim ; in the one I examined there appeared to be 2 outer 3 inner ones, but

specimens are in fruit and the remains of the perianth nem js ken

ici IL SrAcHyaYNi.. Stems various. Female ie

known, containing several flowers as well as the males.

3. R? tropicus, R. Br. Prod. 246.—Rhizome not seen. Stems

= ii pn above 2 ft. — Sheathing scales mnie Mey

: uch bra

or & outer ones shorter and empty. nth segments 5, 2 outer ones

A. acuminate, complicate, 3 inner ones shorter broader hyaline

almost obtuse. Female plant unknown

N. Australia, Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

The female plant being unknown the p s of this species must remain uncertain,

it may very possibl

y be a Leptocar the male — ence is however very

different from that of any other species ‘of either genus

applanatus, Spreng. Syst. i. 185.—Rhizome very densely

tufted, sho ortly Eu the iii seen. Stems ici ftm rigid,

elei. ightly uid ac 2 ft. high or more. Sheathing scales

Ssely appressed, mo stly obtuse ; the floral bracts small and short.

in " spikelets numerous in a short terminal panicle, the short but v

p, dual branches iain within the bracts and more or less divid

ees ones often reduced to empt perianths and the lowest glumes

veh S erisath glabrous or slightly — Ovary usually 3-

Style

celled HN oum

Stamina: free irte from the e, long and —

Aud B. Psi ugaptum s ordiri egre ng o

me > R. Br. Prod. 245, e of Rottb.

the mine astralia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, also in Drummond's collection,

r illegible but more like 104 than 707.

for t U's «B selected without having seen the plant, is very inappropriate»

Stem thoug compressed is not flat.

994 CXLIL RESTIACEZX. [ Restio.

styles at first connate at the base at length free or nearly so. Ca sule

opening at the edges.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 70. t. 135 ; R. oligocephalus

ii. 68

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown ; not uncommon in various parts of the

Colony, J. D. Hooker, and others. A specimen of Labillardiére’s in herb. DC. is

also probably from Tasmania.

: dimorphus, R. Br. Prod. 246.—Rhizome creeping, but the

woolly hairs not abundant. Stems slender, 1 to 2 ft. long, divided into

weak branches all floriferous, often from near the base. Sheathing

inner glu euminate, li lines long, with rather long am

Perianth-segments 5 (or 6 ?), oblong, obtuse, nearly equal. om

nens examined 2-celled, or according to Brown 3-ce e

Styles united at the base. Capsule hard, broad, opening at the S! il

and frequently 1-celled by abortion and then very oblique.—F. Muet.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 40 and 44, C. Moore and ier

Queensland? Th imens from Moreton Island referred by F. Muet"

this species have similar slender stems and open sheaths, but the branches te pui

in single male spikelets much longer than in the ordinary R. dimorphus. They

however in a very imperfect state.

t : . ith short

densely tufted, scarcely creeping. Stems erect, simple ih

flowering branches clustered in the , fro der to

lj ft. high, tomentose and shortly villous or at length gabii

Sheathing scales loose and o m the base, spreading up

pen i

e with or without a small point, usually cottony-ciliate 0D e

margin. Floral bracts broad, all except the lowest shorter than

Restio.] CXLIT. RESTIACES. 225

spikelets. Male inflorescence commencing from below the middle of

the stem, Spikelets sessile in dense tufts or heads of 3 to 8 or 10 or

rarely solitary, the heads either all sessile and distant, or here and

there a pedunculate head issuing from the same bract, or in other

specimens several peduncles or branches clustered with the sessile head,

each bearing 1 to 4 heads or solitary spikelets, each spikelet narrow-

ovate, 25 to 3 tapé long. Glumes narrow-ovate, ciliate at the end,

with a rigid point or short awn, 3 or 4 lower glumes empty. Per ianth-

Segments 5 or 6, all ie he i inner ones very thin. N o rudimentary

ovary. Females unknow

E le Australia, Drummond, n. 341; sand plains, Upper Kalgan River, F. Mueller,

? Species appears in many respects allied to R. dimor phus.

8. R.? sphacelatus, R. Br. Prod. 246.—Stems erect with flexuose

brinches, terete or very slightly compressed, rigid, glabrous, 6 to 8 in.

high. Sheathing scales appressed, slightly ciliate, rounded at the end,

With a small point. Male spikelets all terminal, ovate, dark-coloured,

scarcely 3 lines long, Glumes ovate, obtuse or with very short points,

outer ones empty. Perianth very flat, segments 5 in the flowers

x ned, 6 according to R. Brown, 2 outer ones linear complicate, 3

inner lanceolate and flat. Filaments rather long. Rudimentary ovary

minute emales unknow

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown. Apparently allied to R. deformis.

9. R. deformi s, R. Br. Prod. 245.—Rhizome creeping, the white

woolly hairs Sot but sometimes wearing 0 ems under 1 ft.

igh, terete, erect and simple or with few flexuose branches, quite

t and narrow "inicie Rudiment t ot the ovary minute

M ay e See ate similar, but the spikelets rather smaller, ith

9 ds ‘Shy eriant -segments not ciliate. vary 2-ce ed. Style

oblique. Capenls 2-celled and regular, or 1-celled by abortion and

Ww Australia, Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; also Drummond, n, 96.

alls. R. crispatus atus, R. Br. Prod. 246.—Very near R. deformis, but

me r and more slender, the short flexuose flowering branches numerous,

"ing it almost the a aspect of a Caustis, the rhizome glabrous or near]

wd. re arren flexuose branching stems. Sheathing A cid

> luflorescence of R, deformis. Male spikelets ovate, about 2

220 M CXLII. RESTIACER. [ Restio.

Perianth-segments narrow. Glumes with short mgid points.

Female spikelets about 3 lines long, narrow. lumes acuminate.

lowers 2 in the spikelet examined. Perianth-segments 6. Capsule

of the lower flower l-celled by abortion, very oblique, the style

bipartite, in the upper flower 2-celled and regular.

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown.

11. R.? nitens, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 59.— Rhizome creeping, with

very little wool, the imbricate scales on the rhizome and base of the

stem very rigid and shining brown. Stems under 1 ft. high, paniculate

S .

specimens the ovaries are converted into ovoid acute utrieles filled with

black granules (Uredo Restionis, Nees).

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll., Preiss, n. 1696, perhaps "d

Specimens from the same gathering, as Preiss and Drummond were for some

together.

12. R.? gracilior, F. Muell. Herb.—Rhizome creeping, with "7

little wool. Stems slender, 1 to 2 ft. high, erect with several ere

ches, quite glabrous, suleate-striate. Sheathing scales pmi

closely appressed, obtuse. Male spikelets rather numerous, termi? i

and sessile along the slender branches of a loose panicle, all erect;

shining brown, ovate or oblong, about 3 lines long. Glumes lanceolate,

acutely acuminate. Perianth-segments 6, all narrow, 2 outer vij

concave, the third and the 3 inner ones flat. Anthers shortly exserted.

Females unknown.

W. Australia, Drummond, n, 68 and 71. The habit is nearly that of the eastern

R. gracilis. :

3. R. chaunocoleus, F. Muell. Fragm, viii. 64.—hhizome thich,

shortly creeping, dens ly covered with a whitish wool not conceale »

seales. Stems erect, simple, slender but rigid, terete, glabrous, 9

i em

‘ones very narrow-linear, rigid, concave or plicate, 3 inner pee

lanceolate flat and very thin. Female spikelets much fewer, narro":

Restio.] CXLII. RESTIACER. 227

4 to 5 lines long, containing usually only 2 or 3 flowers, with several

empty glumes. Perianth often 2 lines long, the 2 outer segments

complicate with the dave keel dilated upwards into a scarious jagged

or ciliate wing as in Leptocarpus tenaz, 3 inner segments lanceolate flat

and thin, Stamirodia 3. Ovary broad flat, pre 2-celled ; styles

united at the base, stigmatic in the upper half o Capsule flat,

thiek, emarginate, about li lines long and broad, od nd at the edges.

W. Australia, Drummond 1st coll. and n. 948 (3) and 949 (9).

_ 14. R. australis Br. Prod. 245.—Rhizome Sep woolly-

i Stems erect, Andi ided, 1 to 2 ft. high or rarely more.

ower sheathing scales closely reip about kd in

solitary and sessile or nearly so within the bracts, or 2 within the lower

ony one on a short pedicel; all ovoid, 4 or 5 lines long. umes

gussolato, acuminate with a fine point, rather t ird

et the third flat or sometimes deficient, 3 inner ones flat but sree

M tus Stamens shortly exserted. Female spikelets usually pane Bie

rie ser hee male. Perianth-segments 4 or 6. Staminodia 2 or

ry <-celle Capsule opening on the edges.—F. Mn ll. dirae:

Vii. 69; Hook. f. Fl Tasm. t 715 j B

N. S. Wales. Port J siste Sieber, n. v

porh. oe Moun ue.

l smania. ne fever, "P. Drot, abosdiint on the mountains in marshy

Places, J. D, ada nd dite

rather broad, varying from 21 to 31 lines long, nearly sessile or almost al

th long as or longer than the bracts. Perianth-segments 6,

e2 outer ones complicate as in R. australis. Female spikelets longer

Owers 2-merous as in R australis but no staminodia.—F. Muell.

Tagm. viii. 69 ; R. pallens, R. Br. Prod. 245.

ts Morton I aam. F. Mueller ; Brisb: ane imane

on: ales. Port ‘othe Blue Mountains, R. Brown, F. Mueller and

ers "Now lent C. See’ "Tweed River, Guilfoyle ; Richmond River, Mrs.

Th Tasmania, Recherche Bay, C. Stuart.

coe With Brown’s of R, pallens which are all males. Brown's specimens of R.

ne all females, with rather long narrow spikelets. Our female specimens are

either more With shorter and more crowded spikelets than in Brown's but they are

more advanced or in an imperfect as d

228 CXLII. RESTIACEJE.. [ Restio.

16. R. complanatus, R. Zr. Prod. 245.— Rhizome short and eae

with little or no wool. Stems densely tufted, erect, simple, mue

flattened. Sheathing scales appressed, obtuse, ‘rather thin, $ de in.

ong. Male spikelets rather numerous, in a narrow panicle, on fili s

pedicels, narrow-ovate, ncitecaly 3 lines long. Glumes shortly

glumes rather distant. Ovary sessile, 2-merous. Capsu e scarcely

dehiscent.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 71; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 67.

ueensland. - en River, Baile

R N. S. Wal rt Jackso n, R, ens 2, Sieber, n. 8 and many others ; northward

Hastings River, Bua es apai Ciega to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller x.

Victoria, Lawr River, Robertson; Mount Abrupt and Grampians,

Muto; Mount William, Sullivan. Town,

ania. Derw nt Rive T, R. Brown ; about Circular Head and George

Psion "Bouth port, C. E tua

the erect appressed sheathing scales. Spikelets in both sexes in

rather numerous, pedicellate in a narrow loose panicle. Male sp! as

from narrow ovate to nearly globular, 2 to 3 lines long. die K

acuminate, with short fine points. dup ups 6, 2 outer is i

road and P gains the third n , 93 inner flat and hyaline,

d and 2 narrow

h :

Hook. f. ^w Tasm. ii. 71; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 66.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Leichhardt, Bailey y; Wide Bay, Sheridan; Roc

i Bra Thozet. ieri

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber n. 34 and others; northw* d

Cladéeico and Hastings Rivers, Beckler, Wilcox ; New England, C. Stuart ; Ric

River, Mos Hodgkinson. xs

eee ortlan i MT River, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller. à

birgana ioe re; Huon ver, & Fd ; abundant throughout bs

island formin ts, J. 3e fus

poser soia with large ovate the y with small aires globular sp I

According to Y Mueller the Pi pe e latter variety open at the edges, ,

have not myself succeeded in finding an Toek.

southern

elets.

18. R, laxus, R. Br. Prod. 245 (n. 3).—Rhizome creeping. pr

rather — terete, erect or prp ue or slightly be

Sheathing scales loose, dilated and spreading above the middle, Y di

obl aa Mu pes glabrous. Seiko few, sometimes only 1 or 2;

Restio.} CXLII. RESTIACEA. 229

males shortly pedicellate, the females more sessile, ovate, of a bright

brown, 4 to 5 lines long. Glumes acute with a fine point, one or two

i in th

segments 5 or 6, narrow, thin, mostly ‘acuminate. Ovary 2-merous in

the spikelet examined by F. Mueller, ae merous according to R. Brown.

—R. chasmatocoleus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 7

Ww. tralia. King George'a Sound and Lucky Bay, R. Brown; Toovey,

Mazwell ; es River, Oldfield

A bave only been able very imperfectly to examine the female most but on

comparison F. Mueller's and R. Brown's species are evidently identic

White woolly hairs, and the lower part of the stem with loose cottony

hairs at REM wearing off. Spikelets few; males broadly ovate, 3 to

4 lines lon , pendulous on short filiform pedicels. Glumes ovate or

ovate-lanceclare, oo hee, with fine rigid points. Perianth-segments 6,

narrow, acute not acuminate. Female spikelets much narrower

and erect, the flewers fewer, the glumes similarly awned. Perianth

the same. Staminodia 3. Ovary 2-celled or very rarely 3-celled.

Capsule soe about 1 line Eve M e g at the angles.— E. confinis,

teud. l.c.; R. Steudelii, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 70.

Ww. ieee: Drummond, n. 339 2 and 324 and 340 ( 9 ).

9. R, leptocarpoides, Benth.—Rhizome deem tufted, scarcely

TM woolly with reddish brown hairs. Stems impu. erect or

b e, 1 to lj ft. high in the typical juris, simple or sparingly

ris Sheathing scales narrow, erect, appressed, tapering into a

ne erect point ale plant : Hn ipe narrow, erect and acumi-

hate like the stem.scales, Spikelets 12, spreading or i peng

lin unequal clustered filiform odios. of a shining brown, 4 to 5 lines

ong. Glumes lanceolate, very acute, nos closely imbricate, above 2

wes long, 1 or rarely 2 at the base empty. Perianth-segments 5, 2

user ones very narrow concave and very acute, 3 inner rather broader,

M ore open. Spikelets few, erect, sessile or on short rigid

dens pedicels ovoid, 3 to 4 lineslong. Glumes broad, rigid, with vete

li verianth-segments 5, 2 outer ones rather broa a acute,

Plcate with a prominent woolly-ciliate dorsal. keel often she

nged, 3 inner flat, lanceolate, flee ogee acute. Vm

ep. T fat, 2-celled. Styles connate at the base. Capsul

F irginate, opening at the Min. deformis, Nees in bib. Lind. |

i on — ii. 65, not of R. Br.

s So Collie, Fols River, Oldfield ; B

P; pud Dais I edi adn. 907, also 188, 381 (3) aud 369 9 (9)

230 CXLII. RESTIACEJ. [ Restvo.

The inflorescence and general pos Beans resemble those of Leptocarpus aristatus,

but the female flowers are very diffe

Var. ? monostachya, F. Muell, icem smaller and the female stems always

ending in a single spikelet.—Stirling Range, F. Mueller

LR. amblycoleus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. Ps — Rhizome ap-

parently shortly creeping, the woolly hairs not very copious. Stems erect,

rigid, terete, simple, 1 to 2 ft. high. Sheathing fare rigid, es

appressed, obtuse. Floral bracts shorter and looser at the end.

spikelets few in the upper part of the stem, on short slender di

either solitary or 2 or 3 on the lowest t peduncle, all narrow-ovate, 4 to

6 lines long. Glume n nest with fine slightly spreading points.

nator ie -segments 6. all linear, 2 outer ones concave, the 3rd and 3

inner ones flat. Anthers dhóstly exserted. Female spikelets ien

many as uci males, but larger, erect, and sessile or on short r!

pedicels. Glumes rigid with s spreading points. Capsules a flat

and 2-celled (F. Mueller), all fallen away from our specimen

W. Australia, Drummond, n. (66 or 99).

. R. tremulus, R. Br. Prod. 245.— Stems flattened, Hiec flower-

ing ones erect, rigid, simple, 2 to 3 ft. high, barren ones hort d

slender, with flexuose branches. Sheathing scales closely appressed

rigid, striate, the lower ones usually shortly Plumo se-ciliate at the ent,

and often bearing a short obtuse erect lamina. Floral bracts short

and closely appressed, distant from each ured Male spikelets -

capillary pedicels of i to 1 in., clustered several together from eac?

ract, all broa um ovate or almost globular, about 3 lines diameter,

es ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse e

scarcely acute, sini li lines long, very numerous with mal

outer on pty- Perianth-segments 6, all narrow and A

rather hard, opening on spé Ted —F. Muell. Peki viii. 70; P.

brizoides, Steud. Syn. Glum

w. Trier "og psc s Sound or adjoining districts, R. Brown, gets

Mazwell and o

ngerup, F. Mueller; Swan River, Miss Lukin; also

and, n. 342 (d) and 869 (3.

6. LEPTOCARPUS, R. Br.

Flowers dicecious, both sexes hin spikelets with imbricate, glumes

without bracteoles, or the fem spike

teoles. Perianth-segments 6 or ee wer by Non. variously shaped:

Male flowers: Stamens 3 or rely 2; filaments filiform, free, usually

very short; anthers 1-celle "s Kudimentary ovary anal or none

Leptocarpus. | CXLIL, RESTIACED, 231

Female flowers: Staminodia 3 or none. .Ovary 1-celled, with 1 pen-

dulous ovule; styles 3 (rarely 2), filiform, free or united to near the

middle, the free part stigmatic from, near the base. Fruit narrow or

ovoid, with a thin pericarp opening on one side, or with a thicker

cried splitting at the angles. Siems simple or branched, leafless

, The genus like Rest lso rep ted in s Africa, sad S is -—: armen

M Zealand, but the Australian ones appear to be all e

Secr. I. Di planthesis.— Male spikelets on filiform potih, peie or pees eras

mostly pent arl poten sessile, in heads spikes or dense pani

Female seres regularly imbricate Nec yi bracteoles,

m: lets numer i in a terminal panicle.

Femal anth-segments 6, all narrow Dd acuminate,

ae porin densely ponicute Glumes with i scarious

margins . L. scariosus.

Female Derianth-segments 5, 2 outer ones complica te

Y th a very prominent usually winged keel. pies

few or rarely in a dense panicle 2. L. tenax.

Female Spikelets i MISERIAM o booa tho ugh dense e,

With bracteoles under ms flower. Male spike elets

E few orin distant —

emale perianth-segments inde equal or gradually

Lt ing from the outer ew to the inner smaller

Male spikelets few. Females in a compact short :

Spike-like panicle. Eastern species . 3. L. Brownü.

Male et in distant loose clusters. “Western

Female spikelets small in distant c 4, L. canus.

Female s

pikelets very small ica the pe oR spiko- E

like’ ranches of a narr 5. L. coangustatus.

Female paei, of 3 outer long pi cc par bulat

ong inner oe closed over the o ovary

F and ase of the style. rn species.

emale spikelets in oblong clusters. Perianths ciliate

F at the base but the Hairs not showing outwards . 6. L. aristatus.

e Perian

ciliate, the white hairs showing outwards . . . 7. L.erianthus.

Lone i Homæanthesis.— I en in both sexes very small, clustered along the

sofa i tong panicle. Tropica

lets very densely € reu the short branches

Mn panicle.

ofa long

female pe anth-segments erect, inner short, tomen-

ben Gein o ote the ovary a ; RP nae

T ^ E 9. L. tor,

à Spikelets gments all equal narrow, g glabrous

: along the few w branches of the

Panicle. Perianth-segments isish,

232 OXLII. RESTIACER. [ Leptocarpus.

. L. spathaceus.

BENE Eres Ne Asa E »

Stem cottony-villous . . . . í eca E « LL. DL. Sehulion

ECTION I. Dretantuests.—Male spikelets on pee

panieulate or clustered, mostly pendulous. Female spikelets sessie,

in heads spikes or dense panicles.

? listinguish

The male plants of this section show no generic character or M are viet

them from the males of Restio leptocarpoides and allied species. The fem

different,

e : ina

or more. Sheathing scales closely appressed, mostly termama

hin hyali i

; i ; iving the

usually with rather bro hite scarious hyaline margins, Pte ai

panicle a variegated appearance. Rhachis of the spikelets = line

long hairs. erianth-segments 6, all narrow, aeute, almos

Ai m.

and equal. Styles capillary (or short, F. Muell.).—F. Muell. Frag

viii. 94; Sch

thers,

: ia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Milne, F. Mueller it dr (9)

and thence to Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 945 (d) an

Oldfield, i

: female

own described this species like the L. tenar and L. aristatus hes very

specimens only, having failed to match them with their correspo: noce MM

testimony of m

the male of L. scariosus would include Restio cinerasceas, R. Br. Prod

Georze's Soun in Pl Preiss. ii. 5

imens

with rather more numerous smaller spikelets. Some female awe

from Swan River, Drummond, differ slightly in their narrow spike-like pani ing.

i es and a iry rhachis, the rhizome is also more creep! 94, bas

River, Pries, mentioned by F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. and the

ith very broad scarious margins to the gu the same

inth-segments are large and hyaline, but belongs most probably

species, :

R. Br. Prod. 250.—Rhizome creeping. Stems

1; 0

2. L. tenax, R. t

3 ft. high, slender especially the males, undivided, the whole ya

glabrous except sometimes a slight tomentum on the rhachis 9

Leptocarpus.] OXLII. RESTIACER. 233

inflorescence. Sheathing scales closely appressed, under à in. long;

m » mo: under the panicle similar, the others shorter and more

spikelet

al edoid ovate-oblong, about 2 lines long, of a dark brown.

Glumes ovate, obtuse or with a ver —€ oint. Perianth-segments

trow, M acute, Styles shorty connate at the base Pees thin.

—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 73; Wo ]l. Fragm. viii. 93 ; Sehamodum

X 5, Nees in Sieb. Pl. Exs. 4l d ) ; R. gracilis and R. pallens,

ees in Sieb. UE n.47, 48 ( s anot of R. Br. ; Leptocarpus thamno-

cortoides, F. Mue Il. Fragm. viii.

A edel S. Wal Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber, and m

T8; northward to Newc astle, Leichhardt ; southward to Twofold Bas

P, Muelle er,

y itori Common in heats. TS Vale, Robertson ; thence to Gipps’ Land,

Mui sign eei , Sulla

rwent um eios waste places throughout the island,

Sinn VK I Hooker x cha A š

ed ia. King Geo EN s Sound, R. and adjoining districts,

Rer n. ‘bg Dr ummond, n. 107, 391, EHE x ucl and others; Blackwood

ver, Forrest; Swan River, Miss Lukin. Som these western specimens are

Precisely like dis eastern ones, the females with te — about $i in. long, others

ve the m spikelets only 3 or 4 lines long, and rather numerous in a dense nar-

1 rg icle of about 3 in., with many intermedi e states. Brown this cribed the

made from iata specimens only from his three stations and failed to —

Plant. Labillardiére mistook for the male that of Lyginia barbat

com [3 to 6 flowers (or 3 to 6 I owored Educa es on a short

ten jon axis, but each flower within 1 or 2 bracteoles besides the sub-

Penang glume and the perianth ; the floral seule glumes, bracteoles and

th-segments all ovate, acutely acuminate and closely ropi

234 CXLIL RESTIACER, [ Leptocarpus.

each other, passing gradually from the very pointed floral bracts and lower

glumes of 2 lines to the broad scarcely pointed inner perianth-segments

of under 1 line. Style-branches 3.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 91; L

simplex, R. Br. Prod, 250 (excl. syn. Forst. and Willd.) ; Nees in Pl.

Victoria. From Port Phillip to Snowy River, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller ; Wim-

mera, Dallachy.

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown ; abundant in wet marshy places through-

out the island, J. D. Hooker. a

. Australia. Guichen and Rivoli Bays, St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller ; P

Lincoln, Brown ; Boston Point, Wilhelmi.

ft. high. Sheathing scales closely appressed. Spikelets clustered in

the axils of distant sheathing bracts. Males on short filiform pedicels,

ovate or oblong, of a shining brown, 2 to 3 lines long. Glumes ovate,

the ,

appearance. Style-brauches 3. Naut small, brown, 1-seeded as in »

rest ofthe genus, but the periearp readily splitting into 3 valves

F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 95; L. ciliaris, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 64, 3

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. and n. 946 (d) and "nr

Preiss. n. 1712 (d)and (1705) (9); Gordon River, Oldfield ; Upper Hay Rivet

Miss Warburton.

5. L. coangustatus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 65.— Rhizome creeping:

Stem erect, rather slender, usually divided into a few long e

compound, in narrow spike-like panicles of 1 to 3 in., several of ~~

spikes usually forming a long narrow loose panicle of 6 in. to

Flowers in the spikelet numerous on a ciliate hairy rhachis, 1 or 2 oute®

glumes brown acuminate and glabrous, the inner ones gradually smalle®

[

Leptocarpus.] CXLII. RESTÍACE.E, 235

and narrower, passing irregularly Hoe Hie and perianth-seg-

ments. Styles 3, NARI —F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 94.

Ww. ralia. Various localities Pin King Gron s Sound to Swan River,

Drummond, Preiss, n. 17 706, Oldfield, Muir, Pries and others, Some of the larger

Specimens have almost the aspect of Lepyr odia glauca.

ple

- high, accompanied E by a few short demit

: mblin se

Kestio leptocarpoides, 3 to 4 lines Jong, on filiform clustered Lair

p e style, hardening round the go Style slender with 8

ae _branches.—Restio nutans, R. Br. Prod. 245 (the 9 plant) ;

" Ad iai Kunth, Enum. iii. 417; R. t cele, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii.

egu tenellus, F. "Muell. Frag 0

hells ustralia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, eo thence to the Stirling

Mello, ia gn Swan River, j 1st coll. and n. 999, Preiss. n. 1713, Oldfield, F.

Prax eat, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 58, described from a male specimen of

which I have not seen, belongs most probably to this potis

a L. erianthus, 5 Benth. mie noe —_ to L. aristatus with

n same habit

ike hot quite so slender and all sim ie in the specim imens seen.

spikelets spreading on pendulous or filiform clustered pedicels, narrow,

. m

Tound & obtuse clos ressed to ‘the pho and style, hardened

adt fruit. z p divided to the middle into 3 stigmatie

: en tus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 91, not of

236 CXLII. RESTIACE®. [.Leptocarpus.

W. Australia, Dr meni, n. 81 and 943; ; Albany and Stirling Range, F. Mueller,

Morwell, Mas ; Gordon and Vasse Rivers, Oldfield. Tt is possible that this may

prove to be a variety of x: aristatus, but the two appear to me to have been rightly

distinguished by F. Mueller.

Section IL HowcawTHESIs. Spikelets in both sexes very small,

dibitered along the branches of a long panicle.

8. L. ramosus, R. Br. Prod. 250.—Rhizome unknown. Stems

terete, erect, divided into a few long erect branches, above 2 ft. high,

and sometimes the flowering branches again TUR divided. Sheathing

scales closely appressed, shortly acute, in specimens per erhaps

diseased, imbricate at the ends of the dd. Spike-like ipse

nd numerous i M

shorter, obtuse, densely covered with a white gene ces

closed over the e glabrou us Fue Style filiform, divided to the ae

nto 3 or sometimes 2 stigmatic branches.—F. Muell. Fragm. vill 9

pud land Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;

aintree River, Fitzalan,

9. L. elatior, R. Br. Prod. 250.—Khizome unknown. BM

above 2 ft. hi b rather stout and undivided in the specimens eo"

Sheathing scales closely appressed, acuminate. Male specimens x

seen. Female spikelets very small and numerous, of a rieh dà

and broad, glu acutely acuminate. Perianth-segments 6, mer

3 line long, all nearly equal and p glabrous or minutely cr

Ovary glabrous. Styles 2 or 3, free fro base or nearly so.

the

about 3 line long, the pericarp readily splitting into 2 or 3.

. N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria and North Coast (Arnhem's pci 1.

Brown. As observed in n other Restiacez some diseased inflorescences

r flowers filled with the black granules of a fungus.

Queensland. Daintree [een Fitzalan.

eus, R. Br. Prod. 250.—Rhizome unknown. Stems

10. L. xa

erect, 2 ft. high or more, divided into few rigid and erect or m0

numerous slender —— flexuose branches. Sheathing ge

closely appressed, acute or shortly acuminate. Spike-like panicles

ue Ape I-A CE REM

Leptocarpus.) CXLII. RESTIACER. 237

narrow and not much brauched, the small spikelets numerous and

clustered along the branches. Males in the specimens seen too im-

rfect for examination. Female s ikelets ovoid, about 1 "ine long.

Glumes acutely acuminate, rather spreading. Perianth-segmen nts 6,

narrow-lanceolate, acutely acuminate, all glabrous. iy^ branehes 2

or3. Periearp thin.— ZL. desertus, E. Mue IL Fragm. viii. 93.

N. Australia. Gulf o f Carpentaria, R. Brown ; sources of the Roper 2 F.

Mueller, The majority of specimens in both instances diseased with the fungu

11? L. Schultzii, Benth.—Rhizome shortly — densely woolly,

ram numerous slender almost filiform much branched barren stems

under 1 ft. high, es Sd erect simple or slightly parte ched flowering

with scarious margins. Perianth-segm xia reside rift

dod and acuminate, the inner bro xa aie and almost obtuse.

tamens 3. Females unknow

N. Australia, Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 809.

7. HYPOLZANA, R. Br.

(Calorophus, Labill. Calostrophus, F. Muell.)

Py iip dicecious, the males several together or rarely solitary, the

Mal itary, in spikelets with imbricate glumes and no bracteoles.

Ste xd flowers erianth-segments 6, narrow, glumelike or thin.

nens 3, filaments filiform; anthers 1-celled. Female flowers:

oe 1 pendulous ovule ; styles or style branches 2 or 3, filiform, stig-

Taai below tonite iddle, Fruit a small — or obovoid i

eere oe vean species of which one is also in New Zealand, there are

uth Africa,

pong Calorophus. Male avra v»; daft together, 1 sessile, the other shortly

e, within distant ‘floral bract.

Male Spikelets

l-flowered . s SU QUY ie spa

Male Spikelets several-flowered. d

emale spikelets xac raid or sessile, 2 to 3 lines long.

Female le spikelets “Pedicle, 1 line ' dong. "Western

938 CXLII. RESTIACER. [ Hypolena.

Sect. II. Euhypolena. Male geral us pedicellate in a small dris Female

spikelets terminal solitary or in clusters of 2

Style-branches longer than the entire aie d species. 4. H. fastigiata.

Style-branches shorter than the entire part. Western species. 5. H. ezsulea.

Srorrow I. CaromoPnvs. Male spikelets solitary and sessile A

together, one sessile the other pedicellate, within distant floral bra 8,

as in Restio deformis and its allies. Female spikelets solitary or few.

.longissima, Benth. Stems slender, much- branched, ecc

or twining, “ often sheng to the height of several dr the who

kanot nearly 2 lines long. Receptacle thick. Mee nie

sometimes 2, rigid and persistent. Style branches 3 0 Nut H al.

ovoid, about 1 line long —Calerophus elongatus, Labill. p. Nov.

i. 78 partly ; Calostrophus elongatus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 86.

(Labillardire) ; foot of Mount Lapeyrouse, C. Stuart Labillarditre?

Rabie

scription is pica taken partly from this, although chiefly from ye: following

vmi which he figures.

. H. lateriflora, Benth.—Stems sono: very much br bra suche "

flexuose, sometimes nearly ereet and u ft., sometimes € si de

to the heig ht of 4 or 5 ft. Shea eis lio App appressed, *

upper ones as wi as the floral bracts or sometimes nearly 2

equ arrosus and Restio crispatus. us, Nees” in Sieb.

Hypolena.] CXLII. RESTIACER. 239

Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Mueller ; Moreton Bay, Leichhardt ; Brisbane

River, A

ales. Port Jackson, ^ Brown ; barren spots in the interior, A. Cun-

ningham ; New England, C. Stua

ictoria. From Brighton to Gipps Land and ascending the Australian Alps to

6000 ft. E iy ller ; Mount William, Sullivan.

Table Mountain Age unt Wellington), R. Brown; abundant

throughout th the island rf D. Hooker

in New Zealan

After F. Mueller I have preferred Brown's specific name to Labillardiére’s, as the

latter appears from S description to have confounded the preceding and the present

species under one n.

.H. gracillima, Benth—Stems much-branched, more slender and

intricate than in H. late Sed aud staining according to Oldfield 5

or 6 yards, though usually much smaller. Lower sheathing scales

appressed, the upper ones Ris floral bracts loose, with a short fine re-

exed point or lamina. Male spikelets usually 2 Veoh. within the

several-flowered, narrow-ovate, 2 to 3 lin er empty glumes

l or 2, rather rigid, with a rigid dorsal point; ring ones very

"ord scarious but with a prominent dorsal point, the margins slightly

-lobe

Peri nth-segments 6, very thin and hyaline, broad and rather longer

than the ovary. 3 or sometimes 2, dp recurved .— Calo-

fen gracillimus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. S8; Calorophus elongatus,

Pl. Preiss. ii. 68 as to the western plant Eg not of Labill.

Agy ustralia. King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, Preiss, m.

Mae 1714, haaye DH aes F pia and others, and perhaps the same species, _

urchison River , Old fi

qe ma male plant is not unlike the slender specimens of that of H. lateriflora, but

: markabls 4. Gf „correctly matched which I bei ve it to be) is very different, most re-

r its minute pedicellate spikele

Section II. Eun HYPOLENA. Male spikelets all cct in a small

icle as in Restio kyip and several species of Leptocarpus.

emale spikelets terminal, solitary or in clusters of 2 or 3.

H. fastigia ata, R. Br. Prod. 251.—Stems pue inen es rather

ft. hi de erect or ascending "e dead from under 1 ft. to near 2

a short point; a few lower ones empty. Perianth-segments E $

* nes complicate and acutely nes the third lanceolate flat

240 CXLIL RESTIACER. [ Hypolena.

rather acute, the 3 inner rather shorter and more obtuse. Anthers

almost t sessile, dorsally attached very near the base to the very short a4

ment. Female spikelets solitary -€— Maias: or rarely Bs

together, 2 to 3 lines long. Glum h more ee than in t :

males. Perianth-segments 6, thinly de searious, very broad and only eet

as long as the ovary. Styles shortly connate at the base. Nut ha -

sessile on a thickened receptacle. eak f asm. ii. 74, t. 137 ;

Muell. Fragm. viii. 84; Restio clavatus, R. Br. "Prod. 246

N. S. Wales, Port Jackson, R. Brown and many other Mueller

Victoria. Glenelg River, doe tson, Port Phillip and "neighbourhood, F. Mw

and many others ; Grampians, Sullivan. JD

Tasmania, R. Bro abundant in sandy places where wet in winter, ^. +

Hooker and others

S. Australia. Guichen Bay and Encounter Bay, F. Mueller,

. H. exsulca, A. Br. Prod. 251.—Male plant raped resembling

H preston the stems usually less branched a nd t uch-branehe

none, the spikelets rather broader, the perianth and stamens the geo

Female plant more rigid ii h flexuose branches. Spikelets eithe

earth and terminal or more frequently 2 or sometimes 3 wer i

ar the ends of the branches, each 4 to 6 lines onp Glumes sree

segments broad and thin searcely exceeding the ovary and shorter par:

the fruit. Style elongated, the 3 bha shorter than the entire ae

Nut ovoid, hard, on a thick receptacle as in other species.—Nee

ss. H. 69 ;

me * n

of R. Br.; H. grandiuscula, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. pu (spikslets brow

but young) ; Restio vacillans, a Syn. Glum.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R, Brown, A. Cunningham, f. prie (3 )

others thence to Swen es Drunithond. st? coll, and w. 337 (d) and 3

Pelis h. 1703, 1783 and others

In Brown's Prodromus the letters J. M. D. are, probably by some der error,

affixed both to H. fastigiata and H.ezsulea, which he seems at on ne time to

his her'

one species, but hi: barium as well as his unam — wies -

eant to apply ^ former name to the east ern, the latte ge -

Ta all the fomes. I sns pied the difference in the style dua mue: - 0

characters has a: dee Hom

8. LOXOCARYA, R. Br.

Flow diciæous or moneecious, the males several together ies

females ntis in Bi cgi with imbrieate glumes and no o bracteo

Male flowers : h- ents 6, g uu MAT. or thin and à ent

eri filaments filiform or flattened, rein i-celled. No rude

of the ovary or rarely a small one in the terminal flower. Fe

Lowocarya, | CXLII. RESTIACER. 241

flowers: No staminodia. Perianth of 3,4 or 6 short broad very thin

segments or none. Ovary 1-celled with 1 pendulous ovule. Style

i i "ruit

or obovoid usually hard nut, indehiscent except in L. cinerea.—Stems

d oft

The genus is limited to West Australia,

oe peria che lon s 3 or4 dece known).

Oweri ranches long and slen:

Glahrous ide Rd SiE E NONE

Softly. vio" SQ D MS aen

Flowering branchos short and clustered.

Stems above 1 ft. Male spikelets i * 2 sessile - the

b ranch: besides the t yov go Females on the :

same specimen . . 9. L. virgatae.

Stems under 1 ft, Male spikelets "solitary on fhe fili-

form branches appearing lateral from the bract

ri cin ara branch, or few in very irregular dicho-

tom 4. L. pubescens,

Female o lowers” without any perianth within the “enclosing

Spikelets’ solitary on oo densely clustered with leaf- :

e barren bran 5. L. fasciculata.

None ‘a a flexuose, with distant ‘sessile

spikelets

Stems glabrous or with very few scattered hairs . . . 6. L. fleruosa.

Stems cmm or Fines scabrous-pubescent, Nut dehiscent . ) L. cinerea.

sa, Benth.—Stems quite glabrous, considerably above 1

with numerous long slender flexuose bra NUM —

B d quite hyaline, Style undivided, with a long thick stigmatic por-

alorophus densus, Nees in PL Preiss. i i. 67.

Maris "stralia, Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. (3) King George's Sound,

» vestita, Benth—Stems 6 to 10 in. bigh; p aniculatel

bash red ind ba ferme like ZL. densa, hut softly Silos ed

Ni tish hairs, Sheathing scales appressed. Male comen solitary,

OL. vrr,

242 CXLII. RESTIACER. [ Loxocarya.

terminating the slender branches or rarely a second one lower down,

very narrow and erect, about 2 lines long. Glumes 2 outer empty

shorter than the others, broad and acuminate with short fine points,

3 or owering ones with involute scarious margins. Perianth-

segments 6. Females unknown.

WV. Australia, Drummond, n. 388.

L, virgata, Benth.—Stems erect, 1 to 11 ft. high, Me 7

or 0.

3. L,

shortly pubescent. Sheathing scales broad and open, 2 f :

lower ones empty, the others enclosing dense clusters of short slender

ta)

ia)

long. Flowers rather numerous. Glumes acute, about 1 line -

Perianth-segments 6, very narrow, hyaline, unequal. Female spikele

solitary on some of the branches of the lower clusters in specimens

otherwise male, narrow, acuminate, 23 to 3 lines long. lumes fem

the outer ones shorter with slightly spreading points, the or

ones less pointed, all closely enveloping .each other and the pec

terminal flower. Perianth-segments 3, very narrow, thin and hya-

line. Ovary of the genus but the styles fallen away from 0

specimens. . :

W. Australia, Drummond, n.74 and 113, Another 113 however of the sam

collector appears to be the male of some Hypolena

Female spikelets 1 or 2 on the branch, sessile, narrow, 3 to 4 lines 1008:

[a -he

Glumes few, the outer ones short with long points, often c'liate, Ka

i k brown. Penan

pubescens, R. Br. Prod

ii. 69, partly. A 8

W. Australia. Kin r G 's £ J lier, Preiss, DB. WELLE

Busselton, Pries, eorge's Sound, R. Brown, F. Mueller

fasci d : e

vs o culata, Benth.—Stems erect, 6 to 8 in. high ™ be

specimens seen but probably sometimes longer, sprinkled as well as

Loxocarya. OXLII. RESTIACER. 243.

aristate, all c or nearly all d a dense cluster of s ort. leaf-like ;

Several, sessile or nearly so in the cluster of branches, consisting of 4

or 5 hard nar rrow acuminate pi -— eee sn ch other and

F. Muell. I Sed viii.

W. Australia, King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Preiss,

". 1723, F. Mueller, Oldfield.

Th nmond’s specimens, n. 356, referred here, may possibly be diseased femalés,

i "" stems are taller, the clustered simple branches short, the numerous sessile spike-

Ny 1o 1 i lines long, glumes very obtuse, completely enveloping the small

ae’ ibis a deformed ov alo bet | mucronate by a short rudiment of a

L. fie esa Benth.—Stems poeta or loosely sprinkled with a

rs, mostly under 1 ft. high, with numerous flexuose rather long

ad others with rathe erlong points, about 4 inner ones acute or obtuse,

oad but each one closely roled round the next and the innermost

Pag POSS e orar o perianth or staminodia. Style undivided with

ps stigmatic portion. Nut with a hardened apex.—Restio flexuosus,

id r. Prod, 247 ; Calorophus flexuosus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 68 ;

patus, Nees, l. c. 67 ? excl. syn. R. Br.

any paist alia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ( d), A. uter pU siepe others ;

96, Prej. ice to Swan and M urchison rivers, Drummond, = coll, m ie also n,

The n o Ovens Old und others; Dirk Hartog' Isle, ‘Milne

than the , rthern specimens are generally more rigid with inde stems n branches

Testis raj onthemn, ern, and the males sometimes assume the aspect of some species of

to R. dimor rphus, the southern more slender ones ¢ come nearer in habit

female pates of L. pubescens, but as far as I h d the prioba of the

Perianth seems consta nt,

7. L. cinerea, p. p, p ith

Rumer, rod. 249.—Stems under 1 ft. high wi

flexuose rather long branches, all scabrous, dotted Am often

244 CXLII. RESTIACER. [ Loxocarya.

loosely pubescent. Sheathing scales broad and loose, short or -—

h i Male spikelets usually: several, sessile e

distant along the branches, ovate, about 1i lines long, many-flowered.

male spikelets terminating short branches or peduncles, very weis

about 2 lines long. Glumes few (about 5) broad and closely rote

perianth or staminodia. tyle long, undivided, stigmatie from —

the middle. Fruit at length dehiscent on one side.— Calorophus o.

Nees in Pl. Preiss, ii. 67; Hypolena pubescens, Nees l. c. 0"

partly.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, ue

field, F, Mueller and others, and thence to Swan River, Drummond, n. 340, Pr bcn:

1694, 1716, 1721, and others, eastward to Mount Barren, Phillips and

Rivers, Mazwell.

9. LEPIDOBOLUS, Nees.

lets with imbricate glumes and no bracteoles. Perianth of 3:

narrow glume-like or scarious segments. Male flowers : Stamens 9;

filaments filiform ; anthers l-celled. Female flowers: No staminodis.

Flowers diceious, both males and females several together, in ey

; )

: : : : Stems

a small indehiscent ovoid or obovoid nake

simple, erect or flexuose, the sheathing scales very deciduous ar

distant annular scars. Spikelets solitary and terminal, or in the m

with 1 or few others lower down.

The genus is limited to extratropical Australia.

izome creeping. ms slender. Spikelets 1 or 2.

Male spikelets nearly globular, about 3 lines diameter. ola:

Glumes scarcely ciliate, with very short joints 1. L. drapetoe

Male spikelets ovoid, 4 to 3 in. long.

Glumes ciliate, SERRE

rounded or acute, with fine A ur o0. 9. L, Preissynus

Stems rather stout, densely tufted. Male spikelets 3 or 4,

obular, diameter. Glumes ciliate, rounded or halis.

cate, with very finepoints . . . . . . . , 3. Zn chectocep

da drapetocoleus, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 04. Bhisome ma

ing, woolly-hairy. Stems in our specimens all simple, sene"?

Eps g

1 ft. long or more, glabrous, with a few short brown perme

: a

ular scars. ale spikelets solitary and terminal or pine

second pedicellate one lower down in the il of a deciduous floral d

broadly ovate, about 3 lines long. Glumes oblong, acuminate, th-

a short point, the outer ones broader [ sé

, but very few empty.

Scarious, about 1} lines long, "op but 2 outer one

Lepidobolus.] | CXLII. RESTIAGER. 245

rather poe Ages concave and ciliate, the others flat. Anthers

exserted. specimens probably female but diseased have broader

vtm inde an utricle filled with the black granules of a

Victoria. Glenelg River, Robertson ; pe apg F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Onkaparinga River, 7. Muel

2. L.Preissianus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 66.—Rhizome creeping,

woolly-hairy. Stem about 1 ft. high, rather slender, simple, erect or

flexuose, glabrous, with a few short persistent scales s at the base, the

cars. Male spi

terminal or a second sessile one lower down, at first ovoi i

long but at length oblong and $in. Glumes very lie Obie rigidly

1 or 2 of the lowest broad, almost without eo the upper empty,

middle —EF. Mue ll. l. Fragm. nod

i Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll., Preiss, n. 1755 ; Murchison

Ver, Oldfield,

ae L. chetocephalus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 84.—More rigid than

Preis ssianus, the rhizome not elongated, the bases of the stems

densely tufted. Male spikelets or heads 2 to 4, 1 terminal the others

aycu almost globular, 3 in. diameter when fally out. Glumes oblong

eo 0

n fruit, bro

the perianth ' the is already fallen away.

om: Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n.954; Murchison River,

10. CHZETANTHUS, R. Br.

(Prionosepalus, Steud.)

o Flowers dieeious, the males unknown. Female flowers several

? Sether i in short spikelets with imbricate glumes. Perianth of 3 outer

near hyaline

Spi Simple, with persistent ‘closely appressed sheathing scales. `

Spikelets small, exowded in in a terminal cluster.

PON u Iced i a agis cedens cdd in West Australia.

246 CXLII. RESTIACER. [Chetanthus.

. 1. C. leptocarpoides, R. Br. Prod. 251.—Male plant unknown

Coin plant: stems densely tufted, slender, undivided, about 1 ft.

high. Sheathing scales narrow, clo sely appressed, mostly with short

fine erect points. Spikelets about 14 lines long, glabrous, ofa dar

brown, rather numerous but collected in a terminal ovoid branching

but compact pego 3 or 4 lines diameter ang sometimes rather long.

between the rails very thin hyaline and narrow Perianths on very

short cylindrical pedicels on a flat receptacle, 3 outer linear segments

about Ì line long, the 3 inner hair-like segments about half as long.

Style Mice exceeding the SA Fruit apparently an indehiscent

ut not seen ripe.— uell. Fragm. viii. 97; JPrionosepatum

Gilber gi Stand, Syn. Glum. ii. 266 (the style described as an ananthe-

, King George's Sound, R. Brown, and probably in the same

Bilis Cec sie g Drummond, n. 392; Busselton, Pries.

11. ONYCHOSEPALUM, Steud.

Flowers dicecious, both sexes several together in solitary term -

spikelets, with imbricate glumes. C doses e ay ya th sexes oe

very thin and hyaline, contracted into claws. Stamen anthe gc

Hon Ovary stipitate, l-ovulate, with a simple slender ean signs ut

upper portion. ue fruit unknown.—Stems simple, withou

uni scales ane e base.

The genus is limited to the ps Australian species.

claws. Ant hers e rted. No rudiment of the ovary.

let about the size ot the male, but with rather numerous Mess cn

glumes broad brown and very rigid nearly 2 lines long a à ier

fie oint; flowering glumes also rather numerous. Pen anth-segr i

~ those of the males or narrower, with a longer more » capillary e»

Fragm. ix

W. Australia, Cii mer gr n. 325 (or AE and 327. This plant has the asper

Orver OXLIII. CYPERACEJE. |

` Flowers Veios id or pos in little green or brown ee

spikelets, consisting of several ‘seale-like bracts called g!

CXLIII. CYPERACE E. 247

or small scales. Stamens 3 or fewer or rarely 4 to 6 or indefinite ; fila-

ments free, filiform or slightly flattened ; anthers usually exserted from

the spikelet, attached by their base, oblong or linear, with 2 parallel

sigmas. Fruit a small seed-like nut, flattened when the style is 2-

cleft, more or less distinctly 3-angled when it is 3-cleft. Seed erect,

albuminous, with a small lens-shaped globular or ovoid embryo in its

base.—Heerbs often resembling in aspect the Restiaces or still more

frequently the Graminez, but usually stiffer than the latter with solid

„very rarely slightly hollow stems. When perennial the frm

ely

dried specimens taken at the time o flowering. Leaves

tact apparently continuing the stem, or variously collected in simple

ound spikes umbels or panicles ; when umbellate irregularly

eing

or compound

<€ stem leaves, the others gradually smaller, the inner ones and some-

times all small and glume-like.

> large Order, abundantly distributed all over the globe, but more especially in

en Situations or on the edges of waters. Of the 33 Australian genera 18, many

hem numerous i i e New and the Old World either

ic, all monotypic or of ‘very few species, besides Lepidosperma, a large

t endemic, being represented elsewhere only by a single South Chinese

The delimitatio š iie dati-

butio Itaüon of the larger hermaphrodite genera of Cyperacez and the distri.

group oftheir numerous ane as well as of the genera themselves into well-defined

Breat 18 attended with peculiar difficulty. Although the characters separating the

jority of genera Cyperus Scirpus and Sehanus are constant as to the great ma-

* yet there few i

Teferred es ye are a few intermedia w. ;

to the one or to the other. Some of the characters relied upon by the great

248 CXLIII. CYPERACER.

cyperographers, Brown and Kunth, such as the ama or ahsange of of ee nr

bristles, have in many instances broken down in sequence of t Wisin

encrease of known species since their time. Nees v. Es Sige cronted #6 E ie Jess con-

by splitting up the genera upon minor characters which have kc 8 aad

À : re

large portion of the Australian species, and in many Page it sountrios dum. 1 Pe vi

careful mpage it prom or lacere species in r countries The

been able; bo certain whether those hare vigi ae "en distin —

order m ‘than “any other hune a oi a vision on the of a “the prin

tanist. d dev ? to the ak. of carefully Los tinising

cipal British ane ‘Continental

" am indebted to Dr. Garcke, “Director e the sius ist pite at Berlin, ws

ian Cyperaceze it c nabled me to identify

new under other names for which I ae substituted Packers de

pear to me to be denos # vitre very slight varieties of publish:

witht the a of a Seleri ~ about ii I feel very uncertain. ith several

Trine I. Scirpese.—Spikelets niter ik eue tered —_— or c pr od ape = ls

often numerous Wes S Sv Jlowers ly (except ir 2 Kyllinga) re edut les when pre-

Empty glumes oe PM base usually only j or i Hypog deese bristles or scates

sent t filiform

apr hd bor 3or 4 and flowers 2 or 3 in Fimbristylis cyperoides.)

Spikelets small in LS Me orlobed head rhet ort

ike, with 1 rarely 2 ih Ead inner glumes

na par Ahin the nut and falling off with it 1, KYLLINGA.

Spikelets e TEE or spicate, the clusters or spikes soli-

simple or dnd umbels. Glumes dis-

as fes Style not bulbous. No hypogynous bristles 2. CYPERUS-

Spikelet solitary. Glumes imbricate all round.

- guns bristles usually present. Nut preie iy by

i b

e persistent dilated base of the . 8, HELEOCHARIS

pikaista solitary clustered or umbelae, ` Glumes i im-

bristles " style thick crei but

es. ckened or bulbos at the base but

ips mecum X aah curta hiec I 4. FIMBRISTYLIS:

S pikelets pier or did. late: m

umbel. Glumes imbricate all round. Style

continuous ut Hy bristles

p tor 4 Xe isa. i JanS e O SOREN

Spikelets in a terminal head or . Glumes imbricate

us scales 2, flat and

the glume . 6. LIPOCARPHA.

Spikelets clustered, the clusters usually paniculate

get min SN

CXLIII. CYPERACEX. 249

(18. Scuanvs has sometimes very nearly the characters of Cyperus.)

mood 24 —Spikelets mapas a p7 paniculate, with several

M^ uma e s all hermaphrodite or so .. Glumes imbricate alt

A2c

the lowest usually empty. Flow Ain Es et flat, wit om-

posa heeled vater scales, and often fiat kaai bade within the

No flat scales within the two keeled ones. Stamens 3

or fewer. Spikelets capitate or paniculate . . -. 8, HypoLyTRuM.

Two flat scales within the 2 keeled ones. Stamens 3.

Nut wholly exserted. Spikelets small paniculate . 9. Exocarya.

Four flat =~ within the eeled ones. St 3.

ae ncluded. erue rather largo: (paica

e Australian spec à . . 10. MAPANIA.

Sever flat scales within the 3 koced. ones, Stamens 6.

large, very prominently and furrowed.

oia. sinetired ina d a eee iles SE . 11. ScrRPODENDRON.

ma "- ses we Ewan e2 died ones. ' Stamens

npe ordi c

Spikelot ce or gehe ng men closely imbricate

Spikelet globular or mia Glumes Loosely | imbricate

sing the inner

concealing the inner scales . 12. LEPIRONIA.

. 13. CHORISANDRA.

Y Tree III, Khynchospores. Spikelets -—— spieate or paniculate, Pac soli-

Ty or umbellate, with 1 reniy 2 (in Schoenus 6) hermaphrodite fertile flowe and

sometimes 1 or more male or sterile flowers above E Sed Empty sim mes at the base ft en

more than 2, Hypogynous bristles or scales when present filiform

(Flowers sometimes unisexual by abortion in 26 Caustis.)

Spikelets SUR, with : Lapngig glumes, a perianth o

Spik. cushion- like tu A E Se a

elets small, in a dense ovoid spike o head, with 1

Segments and 3 Dwarf leafy plant in

fts a! . 14. OREOBOLUS.

flower, and 4 glumes, the inner one fleshy enveloping

the sg No hypogynous bristles, Low bran ins

Gl leafy lant dei a . . 16. REMIREA.

umes imbricate all round. Style-branches 9. Nut

Em. wned by the thickened a base of the style

pty glumes several. Hypo; ristles 6 or ir-

Em regularly fewer, slender or ai 16. RHYNCHOSPORA.

pty glumes 2. Hypogynous bristles 4, "long and

rigid . . 17. CxATHOCHJETE.

Flowers

Glumes distinctly distichous. Style-branches 3, rarely 4,

6, all or Rhachis

the lower ones fi

F ere I Fh n flowers elongated curv: r.i ‘or flexuose 18. Scuanvs.

both fertile ur the loves bai of

No by UR bristles. Spikelets in a narrow

panicle or 19. ELYNANTHUS.

Hypogynous b bristles or scales 3. Spikelets i in ater-

minal head . . . 20, MESOMELÆNA.

"yPotynous brise 6, 6, long. plumose and s i

Glumes ; im te 21. CARPHA S

brica all round, or when Tow obscurely dis- s

tichous, Style-branches 3, rarely 4 :

250 CXLIIL CYPERACEA.

Hypogynous bristles small and not thickened under

22. ''RICOSTULARIA,

ae: "scales. often at ‘first minute thickened and

acuminate under the nut . 23, LEPIDOSPERMA.

No hypogynous bristles or cales

Spikes mE when E-Réwdrod the lowest eem

s long as the outer empty

Sta: . 24, CLADIUM.

Spikelets p "when 2-fowen ed the lo west

T ring glumes obtuse and peer

dite empty ones. Stam — 3t . 25. GAHNIA-

Spikelets dekitairy or clustered in teoriler ly

nched inflorescence, when over the

lowest a and often unisex

t Nut crowned by the sore or r oblong base

of the style . . 26. CAUSTIS.

Spikelets in a small terminal head. Stamens or

8 . 27, ARTHROSTYLES.

per numi cylindrical spike enclosed

inl S baty d x "Stam mens 6 . 28, REEDIA.

Spikelets p t or ony p ` Stamens

indefinite (12 or more) . . . 29. EvANDRA.

Tre IV. Seleries. — Flowers strictly uniserual, in unisezual or androg ynos

spikelets. No utricle jen the females. Ovary and nut seated on a di sk.

- Single Australian genus < o eoe 5. ewe ee 90. ScLERIA.

| Tree V. Cari — Flowers strictly ew in unisexual or androgynous spik-

lsti, the pitis viret à in an utricle or perigynt

ignes solitary, androgynous. Bristle within

tricle probing beyond it and hooked at the an 31. UwcIN1A.

Spikelets aiea spicate or paniculate; unisexual or

gynous. Bristle within the utricle not ex-

ere nor hooked and often deficient . . 99. CAREX.

Trise I. Sctrpex.—Spikelets golitaty clustered capitate or umber

late, with several often numerous h maphrodite SONGS. rarely up

in Kyllinga reduced to 2 or 1. dip ty glumes at the base us y

lor 2. Hypogynous bristles or eta when present filiform or flat.

1. KYLLINGA, Rottb.

Need with a single apparently terminal hermaphrodite flower oF

halle’ nan aby vnde or imperfect flower immediate]

2s it. unes 3 or 4, distichous, concave or navicular and d at

of which the upper 2 closely enclosing the flower and fruit 47 e

length falling off with it, the short stipes or rhachis of the spike'e

being articulate at or above a base, the lowest glume small and emp?"

No ales or bristles. Stam 3 or fewer. Style c?

tinuous with the ovary, not thickened at tlie Tus usually deciduous ;

stigmatic branches, 2, es orm. „Nut sessile, flat, without ay BYE

nous disk. —Pere anaia rarely ann — with simple stems le à

— Pone Smal very n s, densely crowded in 5 i

more terminal globular or x oblong-cylindrical heads,

Kyllinga.) CXLIII. CYPERACER. 251

within an involuere ‘of 2 to 4 unequal linear leafy bracts. When the

second flower is present it is always enclosed in or subtended by a small

hyaline additional Lamar and, if perfect, both the nuts are enclosed in

the 2 eae piesio

Bockder and others have distinguished a lar mber of species are often very

vague or trifling, and require further scrutiny before the A cene of the geographical

Pu of the principal forms A "ps d termin er proposes to unite the

with Cyperus, to which rtainly ne arly allied. Dat z peculiar structure

of the spikelet is «dita Mixto in cas the species at have exa

— of cra te solitary and globular, or very EC,

ral ones.

Pam d male Mower usually present, Nut ovate, pale,

nearly as long as the glumes. larger gue very

unequa l. K. intermedia.

No second flower. “Nut ov ate, pale, much shorter than

the glume. Larger glumes nearly equal, md

ke wea 2, K. monocephala.

Central head of “spikelets oblong-cylindric al, with or

Without two more shorter lateral ones, No

second howe ger glumes scarcely keeled.

Nut large, broad, asia, very dark. Head of spike-

. lets usually single . . + 38, K, eylindrica.

Nut narrow, pale, Heads of spikelets 3106... ii Ils piace A

ES K. int rmedia, 2. Br. Prod. 219.—Stems from a creeping

E zome slender, 6 in. to above 1 ft. high. Leaves grass-like, about 1

me broad, much shorter than the stem. Involucre of about 3 very

ual narr row bracts. DuoWerdut single, globular, Mene 3 lines

ocephala, about 14 lines kiki e two larger rius several-

ù à :

[uci c O’ Shanesy ; Moreton Bay or neighbourhood, Leich-

sw ales. Richmond, R. Brown ; Blue Mountains and Liverpool Plains, C.

Clarence i Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart.

storia. tta Mitta and Lower Hume Riv vers, F. Muel

This "ral apparently th in Australia is such in New i ces and

bly in dia, often Unas with K. monocephai

about ge. and narrow. Flower-head or spika glabalsr or ovoid,

es diameter or sometimes lengthening to 4 lines, solitary or

252 CXLIIL CYPERACEE. [ Kyllinga.

—R. Br. Prod. 219; Kunth, Enum. ii. 129; Bos es in Lie xxx.

427 ; K. pumila, Mich. ; Kunth, Enum, ii. 132, at least as vh e

tralian plant; Cyperus monocephalus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 27

nro Rockingham -— Dallachi " Rockhampton Meg is

s . S. Wal Port sat A ckson (rare) R. Brown, OC. Moore; Parama atta (only

ony Saia there) and NN. Woolls,

atifolia. Leaves and involucral bracts 14 to 2 lines broad. —Moreton eg

Da Johnstone River, Dallachy. In one specimen from oe ind mer

hozet, e stem is nearly 2 ft. long, the gren very few with long sheaths

short lam

ith

The species is common in ra Asia and Africa, and probably identical Wi

some of the American forms

3. K. sacs eo ; Kent h, Enum. ii. 133. Tah the 1

: ; bres t broad: des

of the eg or rhachis or falling off separately. Nut

nearly as long as the glumes.—Beeckel. in Linnza, xxxv. 415.

Resensiand. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey. i

cimens scarcely differ from the East Indian ones in the rather ds

m Cl

The spe may

— African specimens larence Peak and Cameroon Mountains 7

e same species dough the glumes are larger an

4. K. triceps, Rottb. Ic. et. Descr. Pl. 14, t 64r ms tuft

not roping but the rhizome at length rather ‘thick and jo" ec

zontal, in. to about 1 ` . Leaves much shorter and ee

fivolum b bien long and narrow. Spikes or flower-heads i d

the central one ovoidblong, about 4 lines long, the late flower”

shorter aes globular and occasionally a fourth or a fifth globular #0 5

head in the same cluster. Spikelets 1-flowered, siu 1 te

dais the upper glumes nearly equal, 5- or 7-nerved, the vt T

much more „promin em than the lateral nerves. N ut n Mod

in Linnea, xxxv. vds i

oe Cape River, Bowman; Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy ; N. Qu

pably

The is widel d" Asia and Africa, and should pro

: ccm jx dox sim opical ca,

PA nS

CXLIIT. CYPERACER. 258

| 2 CYPERUS, Linn.

(Mariscus, Vahl. Papyrus, Willd. Diclidium, Schrad.)

Spikelets with several often numerous flowers rarely reduced to 3,

or 1, all hermaphrodite or the terminal flower rarely male. Glum

distichous, concave or navicular and keeled, all nearly equal and flower-

mg except the lowest 2 or 1 usually smaller and empt

annular sears when they fall away. Spikelets in clusters heads or

spikes, very rarely solitary at the ends of the rays or branches of a

Tre or compound irregular umbel, sometimes occupying the whole of

e dm

A very lar, 1 "d uw Lou LE t MV AP MUR

ge and widely spread genus d Carex only in point of

numbers, x much more prevalent than ‘that genus in the tropical and subtropical

rs) t sa:

etd also by a few species in more temperate regions, but quite disappears in th

only ps m d south as well as on Alpine heights 64 an species

e tah q : 1 " F.

edo: lin

, lin New Zealand and South Africa, 1 in Africa, 9 are tropical Asiatic

Over th .have not been ascertained to extend further, 10 are generally spread

Old W, e tropical regions of the Old World, 11 more tropical species common in the

; aiso i

Nee esta y g 34, one is only known out of Australia in N

The genus diff ; j r ;

brist] ers from those groups of Scirpus which having no hypogynous

formed Brown's genus Tooepis, solely in the distichous arrangement of the

this chara ist in Scirpus

c cter is not constant in Cyperus pygmæus, whilst

early disti e

by the habit ence, the flow n i

a the the flowering glumes more regularly distichous and the straighter his

tional į let, but none of these characters are absolutely constant. A few excep-

8 occur among the species of both genera.

254 OXLIIL CYPERAOEX. [ Cyperus.

eus. Spikelets flat with navicular keeled peto. Style usually

cr. I. Pyer

sig Nut more or less flattened, with one edge next the rhachis

Nut ovate or obovate, not exceeding half the length of

ume.

Dwarf tufted annual. Spikelets in loose clusters in a

umbel of 3 to 6 rays. Keel of the glumes pir

sme — a straight or recurved point the sides ;

1. 0. pumilus.

eriy mostly under 1 ft. Spikelets 3 to e lines

road, in a single loose cluster or r 2

short umbel-rays. Glumes broad, dibus. te idis - i

dar i 2. C. eragrostis.

Annual or perennial much under 1 ft, i ‘Spikelets 1 1 to

few rays or all in one cluster. ‘Gomes ae

obtuse, very pale or yellowish gree . 9. C. flavescens.

Perennial, mostly under 1 ft. Spi kelots narrow, in

or c eap all sessile or in an umbel.of few

ra Glumes Mor narrow, almost acute, the

a i of a pale bro uis . 4. C, globosus.

nnial 1 to 2 ft. “Spikelets : ines Droad, the

pem — in - From ine ma s broad,

rather Sello . 5. C. unioloides.

Nut M sinl not exteling 1 balf the dengih of the glum

Spikelets very numerous, in a dense im

compoun vl porius BEST with 2 or 3 elongated

Nut broad, almost as long as the glume, ‘all perennial.

Spikelets ence pea and disichous sig the —

of a large compound um "E

6. C. polystachyus,

7. C. flavicomus.

Secr. II. Seces, Spikelets flattened but usually thick. Style 2-cleft or arp

3-cleft. Nut ovate or broad, with a flat or concave face next the axis, the back conver

Mee ABER jia gle.

Spikelets very numerous and closely packed in a small

compound head with an id pen of Tong l leafy (te

Ares. fun Involuere of several bracts, iip

ened , : . 8. C.pygmous.

Perennial, ga 1 ft, hi high. Involaere of 2 very long

ricarp Sa at the base into a white

aig: or 3-lobed mass . €. cephalotes.

Spikelets oe A a single cluster, apparently ‘lateral, the

involucral bract con BIA She's tem 10. €. levigatus.

Spikelets in clusters & dense dicen of several short

rays. “Style . 11. C. platystylis.

Pes ts small num umerous, in dense spikes along the rays des.

alarge compound umbel. Stems 3 to 4 ft. . 12. C. alopecurot

Secr. III. Eucyperus. Spikelets s flat, the rhachis s rig or rarely with ane

ceedingly narrow border. Style 3-cleft. Nut equally trig

Spikelets numerous, in a single small dense ope head,

; ien an pees of long slender brac 13. €. pulchellus.

e : d a ina ies sessile clus-

litary. Glumes o sho

iyesieserquir ai a mania tamm

nual not exceeding 2 in. Spikelets 1 or 2 apparentl

lateral, one involucral bract pesti the stem / 14. C. tenellus.

Cyperus. | CXLITI, CYPERACEX.

Slender Loewe Spikelets or d termin:

Glumes with 3 or 4 prominent n E on =e side

and broad nerveless nani, Leaves almost

Spikelets clustered. Nuts more than half the glume

Spikelets solitary or 2 together. Nuts scarcely

alf the glume.

Glumes with 1 nerve on the middle of cach side.

Leaves linear, often 1 line broad .

ip oe on itsbered or capitate, the clusters or

heads solitary or in an umbel of few rays. Glumes

ith in prominent eg c or recurved point. Small

annuals (Squarros

Keet ofi the glumes er in a oor ro ie laa —

Nuts

s withou eless mar;

kas aei cloud prii r capitate in an umbe

iAd r the giana rarely solitary. Nuts

as Tur rg me (INigricantes).

sitet y all and numerous in dense Caper heads.

orbicular not 3 line lon

Spikelets “spreading, in dietas of 3 to 6. Glumes

pikelets pale or brown, clustered capitate or solitary on

of an umbel. oad, not above 4 the

rood (exept E ir) cepa essi).

Inv ihe equal, 1 or 2 longer than the

— Py

cm few weak. Spikelets pure à

eps ie [ara vith 1 nerve in the middl

Umbel-rays numerous

Stems imet, v d ctam or flat. Spikelets small,

Stems ec Tay at the base. Spikelets very fiat,

ood T onm Glumes brown with w

Involucral tracts 6 or more long leafy and d unequal.

mbel rays loti numerous kad slender

spikelets solitary on each ray cM

In men in elusters of 3 or 4 on each ra . 98.

‘volucral bout 6, nearly equal, rigid, erect or

e 8.

Spikelets pale or dark brown, clustered on the rays o of an

a Nut narrow, nearly or quite as long

Spice on

elets small and e in big Lori

ambal or or compound glatt, "lunes tip posl wit

16.

= m

Sas

. C. gracilis.

C. enervis.

C. debilis.

. C. levis,

Q. castaneus.

C. cuspidatus.

C. squarrosus.

. €. difformis.

. 23. C. tetraphyllus.

. C. trinervis.

. C. Haspan,

C. concinnus.

C. filipes.

: €. pedunculosus.

. C. vaginatus,

. €. holosehanus.

. €. dactylotes.

. $2, € Gilesii.

256 OXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

a — thick, oblong or lanceolate. Glumes

carcely acute. Stems obtusely tri-

Spikelets- 8 to 12- flowers. (inpet. imbricate

M MO . 93. C. fulvus.

casia imbrica’ ‘ 4. C. carinatus,

Spikelets of C. posue Stems stout, acutely 3-

led. Involucral bracts 1 or 2 very lon :

t come . 35. C. alterniftorus.

and scab

— usually numer rous, in loose spikes along the rays

ofa simple or compound umbel (Ornati).

rese e usually pale, the riach of the spike

. 36. C. pilosus.

Spikelets di >i a rich brown. Glumes bordered by a

Scarious mem . 97. C. ornatus,

Spikelets air pale been or yellowish. green, ve ry ir-

regularly s picate. Glumes ba obtuse, loosely si :

i . 98, 0. Iria.

Spikelets flat, pale, densely spicate. Glumes Yoosely jn

imbricate, the keel p duced into a short point . . 39. O. eleusinoides.

— very narrow Hia , loosely spicate and

preading, the aiumos very narrow and distant . 40. C. distans.

cr. IV. Papyrus. MEL ee ps: or denies the rhachis bordered by serinus wit

dither | persistent or at length more s det Piet as small scales. Glu

Style 3-cleft. Nut equally RES

—— — spicate or clustered on the rays ofa

pound umbel. Nut not exceeding half

th e length ofi the glume (Corymbosi

Stems leafless or the sheaths dr a very short

amina,

Glumes concave, not at all or scarcely keeled, Nut

more or less dorsally flattened we s s AL. C. tegetiformis.

Glumes keeled. Nut any triquetrons

Ste versely septa’ QUE 2. Ç. articulatus

Stems continuous . . .. E 148. 0. diphyllus.

Stems leafy at the base.

Spikea rather flat, usually acute, shortly and

S. er loosely spicate or s Merse . 44, C. rotundus.

e m li

pikal er very flat, densely clustered or Pe 45. C, stenostachyute

spelt ts slightly flattened, 3 in very d short

Spikes or clusters. ivulbty Fogd.

Leaves rather broad with kel points . . 46. C. congestus.

Spikelets very narrow, scarcely flattened, in “dense

-— Stems obtusely triquetrous. Leaves

narrow

. 41. C. subulatus.

Spikelete: clu — or shortly spicate o n the Tays ofa

5 to 8-flowered, in little globular

clusters. lema obtu tiet . .. 48. C. sporobolus.

Spikelets linear, scarcely flattened, 10- to 20- flowered,

in close clusters or heads

Eine care

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACER. 257

Stems stout, 2 3- — b get se: numerous

in the heads . 60. C. Nove Hollandie.

Spikelets M na a rich bro

Spikelets o e Suits or heads, usually 8- to

- "d . € Gunnii.

Spikelets distinctly spicate, mostly 5- to B-flowered , : 2. C. lucidus.

Meet ie lengthened ned spikes blat g the rays of a com

rarely Hips

Spikelets P at. Glumes loosely imbricate. Nut more

ength of thi

ii Rra e A 10- in E. Bih, therhachis

nged

Spikelets lots of a ric a xich brown, 3 to 8- ‘flowered, the rhachis

wing

Spikelets ee Ghats closely imbricate: Nut less

than half the length of the glume (Eixaltati).

Spikelets thik, E to 2 lines broad, E T 4.

Spikelets very ‘a “under 1 line broad, usually rich

39, C. eleusinoides.

52. €. lucidus.

58.: C. pennatus.

rown, o 20-flower . 64. C. exaltatus.

ne nar. IN terete, 10- to 20- flowered, Nut

half th he length of the g

enira Es pried = ger 3 m. i ioi or more.

. 65. C. hematodes.

Glumes prominently 7- or isis .

Spikelets -— spica — > os y in. Glumes

urely . . 56. C. auricomus.

í se oy retine coii 8 narrow, tereteor -nearly so, often flexuo se, sometime

ái , the rhachis Shior ed by hyaline wings embracing the nuts. Fais press

ant, ee closely appressed to the i Pert Style 3-cleft Nuts triquetrous,

Spikelets rather rigid, with 6 or more flowers, in elon-

ina large compound umbel . . . . 57. C. feras.

Spikelets filiform, 3- or helete d, i] loose spikes in a

Spi ge com Lunbdl T . 59. C. trichostachys,

pikelets mostly 2- or 3-flowered, in ovoid id globular spikes

Spike], ;, eee umbel oft few 5a ys.

Pikelets 1- or te Ace Fa ond s uem spikes

ya und umbel of many rays. Stems scabrous 61. C. szaber.

9. be EX VE liaec —Spikelets small, H coer ge , terete or scarcely flattened, 1- or

i eral t the decet enclosed rhachis bordered by en w “ae Flowering pena im-

han one, Style 3-cleft. Nut tri

Spikelet ae with 2 perfect flowers, in sal ET

hoa in a compound umbel of man; i

ets with 1 or rarely 2 perfect i ag m, ii cylin-

Spikelets Spikesin a compo

T num an with 1 ae Pie in dense 'cylindri-

Spikes either sessile or pedunculate in à a eB

Spike] 64. C, umbellatus.

3 n umaliy with 1 1 perfect i flower in dense ovoid or

“lobed heads in a Aera '

. 60, C. leiocaulus.

62, C. decompositus.

63. C. Armstrongit,

. 65, C. conicus.

The follo

wing speci ic nini Australian by Kunth and

Pieter athobiby of of : aie of Sieber's oar ec which however all

parviflorus, Nees in. Sieb. Cyperus luzule, Rottb.

Pat _Miorocephatus, Nees su Seb e103 ieb. n. 103 (6.5 plein us, Spreng. Syst. Cur.

we s ds ROM,

258 CXLIIL CYPERACEZX. [ Cyperus.

us li laris, Linn. ; Sieb. Leer n. 106.

C. spectabilis, Schreb. ; Kunth, um 73, was published as an rae” räin

plant on the of one. received at the pudm of Erlangen pin hw &

des Plantes at Paris under the name of C. Par ramatta, Mart. No such n pen

ie. Catalogues of the Jardin, and Boeckeler in Linnea, xxxv. 605, identifies ep

xican species

SEorrON 1. Pycreus, Nees.—Spikelets several-flowered, flat with

oaral keeled glumes, the rhachis not winged or with a ean

border. Style usually 2-cleft. Nut more or less flattened, “with on

edge next the rhachis.

The qoum F Sh as foL artificial one, the first five species having lage Ad

some of th , the €. ENE | often resembling the C. rotwndatus,

the C. tain peat habit of C. proc

C. pumil Linn.; Kunth, Enum. à. 4— arf e

annual, the stem aeldini above 3 or 4in. high, the leaves neni yo e

and narrow. Umbel simple or slightly compound, of 3 to 6 pare

rays, the longest 1 to 2 in. long, besides the sessile clusters. Spi

6 to 12 together, in loose clusters or short spikes. nvolue A kelots

generally 3, of which 1 or 2 longer than the inflorescence. Sp! da

resembling those of C. cuspidatus, pnr peut yon ace flat, rà a

acute, brown, 3 to 4 lines long and e road, trial

flowered, the rhachis not winged. Glumes spreading, loosely im pe

or rather distant, the green keel with a prominent nerve on €2

yex

Stamens 2 or sometimes 1 only. Style 2-clett. Nut oborta f e.

with one edge next t Sy rhachis, less than half the length of t pact

—C. nitens, Vahl; Boeckel. in Linn aps xxxv. 483; C. brev

F. Muell. Fragm. viii. i 267, not of R.

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan ; sou Q' Shanesy- "adit

The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa. Bæckeler m ak der the

uniting as one species the s ym of Kunth's Cyperi, .de and

right in Roxb:

names of €. hyalinus, sn nitens and C. membranaceus, Vahl, C. Lagi Bæckel.

C. ustralian specimens belong to the var. e

(6: patena, Vahl, not ed rs Kunth), wi ^ with loose "rue and rather narroWcr spik

ets than in commoner East Indian fo

; Kunth, Enum. ii. 7.—A perennial, aoig

perhaps oe reba es year, but forming short slender cree t of €.

ascending r and sometimes with the short tufted the gus mes

Jiavescens, differing from that species chiefly in the colour of the zs f

Stems mostly 6 in. to about 1 ft. high. but sometimes short

longer. Leaves shorter than in stem, all radieal or extending ui

half way up. Spikelets either very fow in a sessile cluster, wal

numerous in a compound cluster or with 1 or 2 slightly ¢ " racts

umbel rays each bearing a cluster. Involucre of 2 to 4n vg dns prow?

1 or 2 much longer than the inflorescence. Spikelets flat, dar

Cyperus. ] OXLIII. CYPERACER. 259

Calvert ; New England, €. Stuart; Richmond River, C. Moore, Mrs. Hodgkinson.

i toria Mount Aberdeen and Buffalo Range, F. Mueller ; and a dwarf form

to 2 in. high, Mitta-Mitta and Upper Hume Rivers, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Torrens River, F. Mueller.

The species is widely distributed over East India, extending on the one hand to

West tropical Africa, and on the other, more sparingly, to the Malayan Archipelago.

ong the Indian forms Boeckeler distinguishes the larger ones with the elongated

much connected in Australia as in In by

to be specifically separated. The South African C. Mundtii, Kunth,

, t. 9 ever evidently the larger form of C. eragrostis,

pare African C. lanceus, tow eler, æa, v. 462, refers it on the

Ory of a specim r to come from u

sion ie considered as authentic. In this uncertainty it could only produce confu-

adopt Lamarck's older name for either species.

C. flavescens, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 5.—In the typical

"uj s only in the upper or nearly all the flowers of several specimens.

half audet Nut flat, ovate, with one edge next the rhachis, about

72, pe, Sth of the glume.—Sibth. Fl. Gr. t. 47; Host. Gram. iii. t.

* Seichb. Ie, F]. Germ. t. 278; Beckel. in Linnza, xxxv. 438.

N.s. Wales, Woolls ; Bowen Downs, Birch.

The typical f i chiefly to i

Portion orm belongs to the Mediterranean region and to its western

Which, jin’ there are tropical frekan Bust a few East Indian specimens

the Australian ones above mentioned, appear to be nei deme

260 CXLIII. CYPERACE. [ Cyperus.

€. flavescens rather than to the C. globosus, It is possible however Bae the Australian

ones may prove to be an anomalous form of C. eragrostis without the dark colour, 0n

the glumes, ind Sieber's specimens, Agrostothocu n. 105, are not guns jan. r

Brazilian C, dahin Kunth, is scarcely Stinguished from the typical C.

dte and some of the North American ebd digynous species are very near

4. C. globosus, All. ; Backel. in A innea, xxxv. 458.—A tufted

perennial, the stems from under 6 in. to above 1 ft. high. T

shorter, very narrow, sometimes d setaceous, the lower sheaths

often broad. Spikelets 3 or 4 xcd or Ge more nin

the rhachis not win ed. Glum rather narrow, obtuse or almost acute,

the keel pale-coloured, faintly 3. ner ja the sides brown, gerren

sometimes with a light-coloured margin. Stamens usuall 2. -

-cleft. Nut icio or almost orbieular, biconvex, one edge z^

the rhachis, much less than half the length vd the glume. — Reichb. i

Fl. Germ. f. 2 279; C. vulgaris, Sieb. in Kunth, Enum. ii. 4; F. n

Fragm. viii. 260; C. flaveseens, Thw. CAU "Ceyl. Bl. 342, and other

Indian authors.

Queensland . Lockyer and Brisbane Rivers, Ne "lnann,

Victoria. Upper Hume River, F. Mueller.

The species » Pages. apie qme NE Spa and cere Fee Asia, extending €

the Mediterranean region, and is ast tropical Africa and the Mari e

s i S united by Thwaites wit the € pee an vay

Indian specimens appear to connect the two, but gener sp 5 n ured

tal re perennial stature, narrower more acut arker-c0'0

ture.

spikelets, and especially in the narrow glumes with brown sides. JM huhnii

specimens with dark-coloured spikelets come very near to the Indian o ir” the

Miq., reduced by el. in pet xxxv. 458, to C. nilagiricus, Hochs

latter appears to be a variety only of C. globosus.

5. C. unioloides, R. Br. Prod. 216.—A perennial, tufted oF =

zs ereeping rhizome. Stems 1 a 2. ft. high, triquetrous. Aes

cleft. roadly obovoid or orbieular, biconvex with one edge Bf

the i much less than half the length of the glume. —€C.

e Willd. MS.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 8; C. angulatus, Nees; t =

innæa, xxxv. 465 ; C. lanceus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 299, 2°

Cyperus.) . CXLIII. CYPERACER. : 261

esl +

meee T luteolus, Beeckel. in Flora, 1875, 82 (from the character

Queens, eensland, Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, F. Mueller

Pb ia Upper Hume River at an elevation of 3000 to 4000 ft. F.

B The spegies A over Nepauland the eastern provinces of India, it is usd in

razil andtin S th Africa, where however the ei C. lanzeus, Thunb., with m

acute dtepibrown spikelets, is much more abundan

ne 6. C. polystachyus, Rottb. Deser. et Ic. Pl. 39, t. 11. f. 1—A

hs ed perennial. icm dei saga ft. to above 2 ft. high, trique-

Tous but not very stout. arrow, much shorter than the

stem, with Short broad sheaths, rather ge aan crowded into a

n slightly winged. Glumes closely distichous,

eor with the keel produced into a short point, the

Stamens usually 2. Style 2-cleft or very

. Nut narrow, eiiis t$ half so long

—R. Br. Prod. 214 ; Kun th, Enu ; Bæckel. in

nea, xxxv. 477 ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 265.

Cat gena] and, Neibb lands, R. Brown ; Sir C. Hardy Island, Henne ;

E Sa Daemel ; Rockingha a a P Dallachy ; Port Curtis U Gillioray ; ‘Bris-

Gan zm Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton and various localities in S.

Ns and, enne and many ot ets.

DW S. Port Jackson, R. Brown Woolls, and n: New land,

C. Stuar t; Clarence River, Beale: ; Richmond Ri ver, 'Q. Moon e

Var. ? en: el of ng clusters, often stipitate and Tt racemose or

N m an um 6 to 1 dives the longest often 2 to 3 in. long.

ut rather broader, (y aquatilis, F.M EY, viii. 270, not of R. Br.

N. Australia.

Arnhem's Land, F.

Queensland. Daintree River, p eis "rssh nigh Bay, Dallachy.

reigns Varie has much resemblance with some of the looser flowered forms

It ma Aly ikelets, but is readily di uished by the MM ihe and nut.

"ont ores species but is th the typical form by sev

«d World € species is common in the warmer regions of both the New and

and to the extending northward to the A chery diterranean and S. China in the Old World

Southern United States in

lo vag omor: and loose, often compoun

ous]: n 4 to 6 inches v longe with numerous spikelets variis

hich picat ink the par Involucral bracts 3 or

much longer than "hei infloresence, and the lowest iie:

broad. Spikelets spreading, lanceolate, flat, ; to 1

262 CXLUI, CYPERACEA. [ Cyperus.

in. long, and at length 2 lines broad, 12- to 20-flowered, the angles

the rhachis bordered by a narrow hyaline wing. Glum os spreading

and quite distinct, giving the spikelet a pinnate appe We broad,

obtuse, the keel green, the sides smooth or pale and always bordered by

a white hyaline margin. Stamens 3. Style 2.cleft. Nut broad, flat

with one edge next the rhachis, nearly as nr $ as the glume.— — Baxkel.

in Linnea, xxxv. 470; C. tremulus, Poir. ; ntb, Enum. ii. 16; C.

Hochstetteri, Nees; (NS l. e, 471; C. Rus Boeckel. 1. c. 473;

C. ornatissimus, F. "Muell. Tarh. viii. 265, ix. 54.

N. Australia. Head of Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller ; Arnhem's Land, M‘Kinlay.

The species is also in the Indian Peninsula, in tr oy nee 1 Africa and the Mas-

carene Islands, and in Mexico and the southern United States of North Ament

and is nearly allied to t Indian C. puncticulatus, in which the que

are more closely imbricate and have not the white border. Pie N. American spec

im have bes smaller spikelets mart glumes than the Indian and Australian, b

me Mexi nes and others from tropical Africa (poeroak y ote to C. fiw

rins vega J. Gay), are quite as large as in some of the Australian

Section IL — JuxcELLUs, Griseb.—Spikelets flattened but usually

thick, with E gn: glumes, t the rhachis noe winged. Style le 2-cleft or

occasionally 3 : ut ovate or broad, with a flat or yen

ae next ihe RR the back convex or with a raised

angle.

n is fairly marked in character, but not very natural, the globose capi-

tate inflorescence x the first two species is repea deg R e pes ree and a

dubius and some other Indian ones, the lateral A ace nce of €. poo ug is excep

tional in the ME we alopecuroides has the habit nearly of C. exaltatus

. C. pygmæus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. Pl. 20, t, 14, f. b 5m

ue tutted low Huey the stem usually under 6 a high. Les l

mostly shorter and v narrow. Spikelets small and exceeding

num

"ya

hoses the sa not winged. Glumes pale green, shortly piscem

prominently keeled, the sides more or less hyaline. Stamens u

only. Style un ‘it rarely gre Nut ovate, shorter than

roa É d i

glume, the b inner face next the rhachis, the ge.

convex or, when style is 3-cleft, with a dorsal raised 8? ell.

—Kunth, Enum. ii. ae Beekel. in Linnea, xxxv. 493; F. Ma

vp viii. 268.

Australia arlotte

yn Upper Victoria River and Flinders Bizer, F. Mueller ; ; Ch

aters in Central ees Spee Giles ; also in Mitchell district

Victoria. s Reka, F. Mueller,

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACES. 263

The species is abundant in wingien ges DAP) Tan ciae Asia and in the Mediterranean

region, extending here and there e temperate regions both in Europe and

Asia, and reappearing in Mexiko A" Cuba. In Australia it retains the typical form

t only here r

: : i the arran,

Slightly disturbed. In the form the most frequent in the Mediterranean region,

the spikelet assumes an irregular twist or the glumes are more or less arranged in 3

: ranks, on which account it was referred by Linnzus r pet ^d under the name

S. Michelianus (Isolepis Micheliana, aper Enum. but SMS i is

probably right in regarding it as a variety only te C. S ymau Sever:

specimens appear to be e quite interm iiiató- F. Muell. Fragm 7, includes ulit

Isolepis Micheliana this species and the Scirpus humillimus, Benth.

. C. cephalotes, Katti Kunth, Enum. ii. 48.—Stems from about

6 in. to above 1 ft. hig Spikelets small and numerous, densely

crowded into a sessile a or conical compound head about 3 in.

» white cellular mass proje ng in 2 l up the angles of the

pper thin cose Seren part, and falsely described as an adnate peri-

Ium Anosporum monocephalum, Nees; Beckel. in Linnea,

un. 411; ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 27 2; Cyperus Hookerianus, Thw.

num, Ceyl. Pl, 342.

Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy. Rather widely spread over E. India,

€ thickenin. ty b f i i

f g of the base of the pericarp is a curious anomaly,

°w Species belonging to different groups of Cyperus and in one species of Scirpus,

ind being unaccompanied b y any other character, cannot be of importance enough

the very artificial genus as proposed by eler

10. C. levigatus, Linn. ; Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxy. 486. —Rhizome

and continuous with the — Spikelets in the normal

of a green or almost white, lanceolate,

264 CXLIIL CYPERACEA. (Cyperus.

"River, Drummond, n., 825, Preiss, n. 1808. Widely

spread over the warmer regions both of the New and the Old ld, d is.

time districts. The A ian specimens have all the typical pale-coloured spikele

In the Me ;

region the C. junciformis, Cav., now gener: recognis io

a variety of levigatus, with dark brown glumes more prominently keeled, is mo

tralia,

11. C. platystylis, 2. Br. Prod. 241—Stems tufted, rather stout, not

above 1 ft. high. Leaves rather br

lines long, 13 lines broad, acute, the rhachis not winged. Glumes ud

regularly distichous and imbricate, broadly eoncave, the lower nin

obtuse, the upper ones acute, the keel slightly prominent sometim

_ IN. S. Wales. Hawkesbury, R. Brown, The style is quite that of Fimbristy-

lis, all the other characters those of Cyperus.

12. C. alopecuroides, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. Pl. 38, t. 8, ff ne

Stems tufted at the base, stout and triquetrous, attaining 3 or * ™

1 to 2 long, all shorter than the inflorescence. Spi er

ceolate, not very flat, mostly about 2 lines | 1 à

road, pale-coloured, 8- to 12-flowered, or rarely longer pas

flowers, the rhachis angular but not road, epe ,

2 orrarely 3. Style 2-cleft, one branch often very short, rarely H

Nut obovate, scarcely half the length of the glume, much flattened..

oad inner face next the rhachis, the back convex or with a m

central angle, —R. Br. Prod. 217; Kunth, Enum. ii. 19; Bæckel.

Linnea, xxxvi. 321; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 263, ;

Queensland, Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Gracemere, 0’ Shanesy.

An unnamed specimen in herb. R, Brown, in the'next sheet to his C. alopeeuroida

and probably representing the O. compositus, R. Br. 12017, Mons to be

des with the inflorescence not yet fully developed. e species extends

over tropical Asia and Africa,

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACER. 265

Sorrow III. Evcyprrvs.—Spikelets flat, with navicular or rarely

concave glumes usually keeled, the ais not winged or the angles

rarely bordered by an exceedin gly narrow hyaline margin. Style 3-

a Nut equally 3-sided, or rarely Gin y tetraphyllus) dorsally com-

pressed,

3. C. pulchellus, R. Br. Prod. 213.—A small slender plan with

tho habit of Kyllinga monocephala, but probably annual. Stems rarely

above 6 in. high. S med cat shorter, few and narrow or poe

setaceous. Spikelets numerous, in a dense globular sessile head 3 to 4

lines diameter saias al bracts usually 3, spreading or reflexed, tw

of them much longer than the ; DB IL elei very flat, pale: coloured

on each side,

obtuse, obtus

Mu ell,

ii.

Stamens usually 1 pud enis 3-cleft. Nut pictis

sely triquetrous, not quite half as m. as the glume.—F.

Fragm. viii. 271; Sorostachys Ryle pendes, pne Syn. Glum.

epi sorostachys, Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxv. 588.

tralia. Arnhem Bay, R. sib Gulf of g wee F. Mueller.

Sion Beef Creek, Leichhardt ; Gainsford, Bow

The species is also in East India and the Mad Archipelago. It is very LOT

allied to (C. leucocephalus, Retz

4. C. tenellus, Linn. f.; Kunth, pue ii. 25.—A densely tufted

aval with filiform stems not exc ceeding 2 and sometimes not above

i Leaves short and filiform. Spikelets solitary or 2 or 3

together apparently lateral, one involucral bract erect and tinuous

margins. Stamens 1 or 2. Style 3-cleft. Nut elipti prominently

3-angled, more than half the length of the glum ell. Fr

Vili. 261; ©, minimus, Thunb.; Beeckel. in pue xxxv. 523, not of

N.S. Wales, Paramatta, Wi

w. Siento, Drummond, n. a and 366,

The speci is also

in New Zealand and in South Africa, it is well figured in

Phen. Ai flee t. us f. 4 and represented in the Linnean herbarium by an authen-

Bo ape specimen, modestulus Steud. Syn. pie ii 16 from

Mie: D peut, which Ihave not seen, is from the character given probably the

/ 15. C, gracilis, R. Br. Prod. 213.—Stems tufted, very PRU from

dt 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. high. Leaves filiform, shorter than the stem,

short brown sheaths. Spikelets usually 2 to 4 or rarely more

r in a sessile terminal cluster or head. Involucral bracts usually

266 OXLIII. CYPERACEX. [ Cyperus.

3, filiform slightly dilated at the base, the longest attaining ei

inches. Spikelets flat, oblong-lanceolate, 2 to 3 limes long, rathe west

1 line broad, of a pale brown or green, with 8 to 12 or rarely wn

flowers, the rhachis not winged. Glumes rather broad, somewhat act

side and scarcely any nerveless menn: tamens usuall

glume.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Q'Shanesy; Dawson

mg T Mueller. Agrostoth.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Lee caer R. Brown, Sieber, AIr

n. 23, Woolls and others; Clarence River, Wile

pei SE d

Var? rigidella. Leaves not so slender and rather more rigid.—Head of Boy

River, Leichhardt ; Lake E DS Andrews K

acilis,

F. Mueller is disposed to unite the three 90 rd species with C. t

is also in New Caledonia. It is nearly allied to the common jb sag C. ‘Compr resus shi

to no other American species in our collections. The C. simp v, H. B. an

umbrosus, Lindl) is much nearer to C. filipes and C. peduncularis.

16. C. enervis, R. Br. Prod. 213.—Stems tufted, apie €

i as

very

ade gib

of the keel, the broad sides otherwise nerveless. Nut as i a C. ' gracili

not much shorter than the glume.

bali

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; East Coast, R. Brown; Brisb

d herb. F. Mii "m

ales. Mountains, Woolls ; Clarence River, Beckler, go anii

ederi 0. Sours rim River, C. Moore; Richmond River, Mrs. Ho

tear Bulli, Ji

tuart.

Var. "hg "pe spikelets sometimes pedunculate.—New England, 0. 5

17? C. debilis, R. Br. P —A slender tufted mes s

setaceous dE and involue el rat m alied to C. mo pee

C. enervis, possibly a variety of the latter. Spikelets soli es

rarely 2 together, sey much like Aun of C. enervis. Glum cn ad A

wit very rarely 2 nerves on each side of the dor n the

rather um. Stob margin. Nut broad, much shorter t vi

sin aeutely or at length gems 3-angled, more or less distin

marked with fine longitudinal stri ;

N. S. Wales. peces R. Brown ; Clarence River, Beckler ; also in Le

hard? s and in Woolls’s collections

pikel is ar the nuts not

Nha of io Ti mds. striate only un under a strong peat Bockler s the sae

are often two together, the ms at least half th e length m the La wed rather

y striate ; Leichhardt's and Woolls's are t the glumes

more striate.

Cyperus. } CXLIII. CYPERACEX. 267

18? ©. levis, R. Br. Prod. 213.—Not so slender as C. enerv

Stems 1 ft. high or rather more, acutely triquetrous. Leaves often shave

lline broad, with thickened nerve-like edges or inflexed margins. Spike-

lets 6 to 8 or more in a dense sessile cluster, spreading, pale coloured,

flat, 3 to 4 lines long and about 1 line broad when fully out, 10- to 20-

flowered, the rhachis not winged. umes spreading, rather broad, the

eel prominent and sometimes produced into a very short point, the

Sides nerveless M vog with a dark spot or with a not very

prominent nerve in the in C. £rinervis. Stamens 2 or 3.

iio 8-cleft. N ut ape ie about half the length of the

glume.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Maroochie River, Bailey.

I have seen but very few specimens of this species which may possibly prove to

bea variety of C. dee ixi with th of C. enervis, but the habit is some-

what different from

19. C. castaneus, Willd. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 21—A small ore

annua], the stems rarely above 4in. high es joenes under 1 in.

Leaves setaceous, shor ly lon an the stem Spikelets

numerous, in dense eluates either solitary adii sessile, or 2 or 3 lateral

ones on peduncles or umbel- f4 I l brac to

» OF a rich brown, 4 to 6 lines long and scarcely above 3 line broa

about 12- to 20-flowered, the rhachis not ed. ME rather

narrow, the very prominent keel produced into a recurved point, shorter

however than i in the two following species, with a more or pm distinct

the length of the glume.—Beckel. in Linnea, xxxv. 496 ;

Karno var. stenocarpus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 262.

Queensland. Dry Beef Creek, Leichhardt.

ü The ^s tiis is in the East Indian Peninsula, in Ceylon and in S and scarcely

ikkim,

the C. aureus, "HB .and K., which is widely spread over the states!

regions of the New and the Old World.

“ae C. cuspidatus, H. B. et K.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 22.—A small

ed annual, resembling C. castaneus and C. squarrosus in habit, but

than an of few rays cral aiid 2 or 8 longer

i t orescence. Sp co spreading,

à rich brown, 3 to es long, sc. above i na "bie with 12

ie more ers, the rha: ot wing es rather

en flo ;

uiid prominently 3-nerved, the keel or dorsal nerve produced into

ndi, urved or Spreading point, the sides bordered l

9r hyaline margin terminating often abruptly below the rec

268 CXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

point. Stamen usually 1. Style 3-cleft. Nut obovoid but narrower

than in C. squarrosus, Pinell Frag pin d.—Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxv.

rini. Kien 8 Creek and Herbert Creek, Bowman.

The species is widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa, extending northwards

to S. China, and is also abundant in South and Central recs east of the Andes.

21. C. squarrosus, Linn. Amen. Acad. iv. 303 and Spec. Pl. 66

excl. iyi Pluken.—A. small tufted annual, the stem rarely above 4 in.

longer than the inflorescence. Spikelets flat, oblong or linear, 2

lines long, 10- to 20-flowered, the rhachis not winged. Glumes rat iv

narrow, 5- or 7-nerved, tapering into a long recurved point, with

any or scarcely an aa ii margin. Stamen usually 1. Style

cleft. Nut narrow-obovoid or oblong, prominently 3- angled, varying

from rather broad and under half the length of the glume, to ge

and longer than th .— C. aristatus, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. Pl. pu bs

1; th, ere tye ii. 23; Boeckel. in eye x s

N. Australia, urina s Archipelago, ege Gulf of Carper F.M ese

Quee d. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; various loc s in No

Queensland, Armitage, Wuth ; or. aw nr Bonney.

tral Australia. arlotte Waters, Giles.

ar. congestus, Spikelets nw tore very Midi crowded in nearly globular

take —Dry Beef Creek, Leic "pu

Var. oplode aae: Spikelets 3- g 6-flowered, in dense eblong.cylindrie f F.

under $ in. long.— C. vore F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 261. rt Denison,

Mueller ; Rockhampton and Herbert's Creek, “Bowman

ica and

The species is widely oe ia over East India, tropical Africa, North Amer South

Mexico, exten do Pacific side of the And es to y ini not gongs

f Andes. It was

re-

presented by a good specimen in his herbarium. U eii he added a —

to Plukenet which belongs to a very different plant pe the narrow f ¢ which

flexuose spikelets and winged rhachis of the Papyrus section, This species, 9 inis, 9

a small fragment is laid down in herb. Linn. by the side c of. the true C. sque cockeler

the C. maderaspatanus, Willd. described as C. squarrosus by Rottboell, Kunth,

and others. It is common in India but not yet found in A Australia.

22. C. difformis, Li»».; Kun h, Enum. ii. 38.—Stems tufted, aee

to 1i ft. high rather slender. asi sometimes as long as e wu

but usually shorter, and sometimes all reduced to loose sheaths. 5P e

edd numerous, in dense globular heads of + to 4 in . diameter, t d

in a loose umbel of few rays, rarely co aimed. into a compo ory

cluster, the rays usually slender. Involueral bracts 1, 2 or 3, V

Cyperus. ] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 269

variable in p. Spikelets narrow-linear, flat, 13 to 2 lines long,

kable the nu

t.46; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 984 ; Beóekel.-: in Linnea, XXrv. 586;

R. Br. Prod. 215; F, Muell. Fragm. idis 262.

Queensland, Keppel Bay, R feda Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhamp-

ton, rk Thozet, O'Shanesy and o hers; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt

d others ; beyond Mo unt Murchison, Bonie y.

. S. Wal e River, R. Brown ; in the interior 4, Cunningham ; New

England, C. Stuart ; Clarence dum Wiles:

Victoria ? Murray River, F.

South or Central Phd ig “Chadtotio Waters, Giles.

idely spread over me Ex ae and rip i regions of the Old World, extend-

Ing northwards to the region, where however it is rare and generally

replaced by the city ‘allied C. fuscus.

3. C. tetraphyllus, R. Br. Prod. 214.—Stems tufted or from a

creeping rhizome, rather slender but usually rigid, triquetrous, 1 to 12

ft. high. Leaves shorter or lon nger, flat, obtuse or acute, but less con-

tracted into a point than in most species. Spikelets in clusters of 3 to 6,

in an umbel of

rarely reduced to a single cluster. Involucral bracts narrow and taper-

s do

iran as wa as the glume and at iun protruding on each

Mi sunt ; Enum. ii. 27; Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 22; F. Muell. Fragm.

€ *ensland, = Brishane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt, C. Stuart

Many ssa

ia S. W; ge iH ters and Pate qoe River, R. Brown; e ein Eee

t; New and, Hastings, Tw Clarence, and Richmon vers,

C. Moore, Beckler, Q. Stuart DELE dos d i

um monocephalus. Inflorescence reduced to a single se — or compound

T of spi E and Macleay Rivers, C. Moor

Es 4. C. trinervis rvis, R. Br. Prod. 213.—A perennial or sometimes

tems weak Md slender, from under 6 i in. to 1 ft. long below

Ex vin as ithe as the stem, but sometimes all reduced to sheathing

270 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

rays, the longest sometimes 4 to 6 in. long, sometimes all under 1 in. or

the inflorescence reduced to a sessile compound cluster. In volucral

appearing amem n from the fall of the lower Voces usually about

1 line broad or rather more, the rhachis not winged. Glumes rather

broad, short, regularly spr reading, giving the spikelet a pinnate ap-

pearanee, more or less acuminate, the keel acutely prominent, with 1

more or less conspieuous nerve in the middle of each side. —

2 or 3. Style 3-cleft. Nut rather broad, acutely or at length obtusely

3-angled, not half so long as the g ume.—Beeckel. in Linnea, XXXV.

503; C. flaccidus, R. Br. l. c.; Bockel. 1. c. 502; F. Muell. Frog

viii. 267 ; Q. smboollis O. aquatilis, C. inundatus and C. breviculms,

R. Br. l.c. 213, 214; C. Lessonianus and C. ripe Kunth, Enum.

ii. 29, 30, desee to Boeckeler

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; M'Adam Ben

and Fitzmaurice River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 313 (scarcely in Howes

and Spanien doubtful) ; between ‘Norman and Zeta isa isi, Ee

ueens Poems dE an ver, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ;

Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; ; Lizard Island, a pars uà

Rockhampton and 1 kepta prs i in S. Queensland, Thozet, Bowman, L

F. Mueiler and man nce

N. S. Wales. Hu erii eria R. Brown; New England, C. Moore ; Clare

River, Wilcox ; near Bulli, John

Victoria? Murray River, F. Mueller,

I do not quite identify this species with any extra A ustralian one, but it is very

closely allied to C. esto evs which is ¢ vodio i in tropic: oat aud subtropical hne

It is exceedingly variable in stature, in the degree of development of the inflo UY

and in the number of flowers in the spikelets and consequently their shape. .

ib um forms befo i istinct variet!

generally they may be plac eries ; th long narrow SP elets is and

numerous flowers would include €. aquatilis, C. imbecillis and C. trin > fewer

[n a er or more slen plant, with broader shorte: pikelets, 10

flowers and more spreading glumes would ude C. flaccidus, C. inundatus an sight

breviculmis. One of m's ur River specime ooks à d with

ery different, from the spikelets being only 14 to 2 lines long 1 line broat © g

8 to 12 fl ew ns fro e interior of have a more

spec N.

aspect, and some from Rockhampton have remarkably long spikelets with anm

flowers. All have the same ce 3-nerved glumes, though the lateral nerv

sometimes scarcely prominent.

25. C. Haspan, Linm.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 34.—Stems tufted ed

shortly creeping, 6 in. to above 1 ft. rarely 2 ft. high, acutely 3-808

or flat but usually weak. Leaves all reduced to sheathing ee

with a flat lamina shorter than the stem. Spikelets small, few toget

in loose clusters in a simple or compound umbel of slender usua

longer, flat and rather broad. aco linear, flat, acute, 2 b

length 3 or even 4 lines long, scarcely $ line broad, of £12 to 20 or

Cyperus.) OXLIII. CYPERACER. 271

imbrieate, narrow, euim or with the ahidniben keel produce into a

:9,1. 25; Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxv. 574 E, Mueil. Fragm. v ii. 260;

es autumnalis, Rottb. Descr. et Te. Pi. 58, t. 17, f. 3, not of yin

raw pulcherrimus, Willd.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 35 ; Bockel. in

Dnza, xxxv. 573; C. platyculnis R. Br. Prod. 214, altered to C.

Gii Spreng. Syst. 1.

=: Australia. Brunswick E -4. Cunningham ; Upper Victoria River and

Adam Range, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 310 ; islands of the Gulf of

Carpentaria, R. Brown,

p Queensland. Cape York, Daemel, M*Gillivray ; Lizard Island, M‘Gillivray ;

then gham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockham mpton and ne my RE Bowman and

others; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, C. omt and other

` es ales. Tweed River, ' Eav

s n the tropical regions o F the iei and the Old World, replaced in 8.

= iuh tho. dieto ely allied but evidently distinct C. MM, Linn., but extending

rthwards i rica to Florida, New Orleans and Mexi

6. C. c

aei ft ete i ft. his hi aia narrow but sometimes as ong a as

the stem. Spi kelete in clusters of 3 or 4,in a compound umbel of

numerous slender but rather short rays. Tuvohucrel braets 3 or 4, very

rid l or 2 of them longer than the inflorescence. Spikelets ny

i of a rich brown but asia: by the light-coloured tips of t

fumes, date She | or at length oblong- bud 2 to 3 or rarely 4 linea

ong, usually above 1 line broad, with 12 to 20 or rarely more flowers,

rhachis prominently notched but not winged. Glumes n neatly

mbricate, obtuse or almost acute, with prominent almost hyaline keels

x Ping through." Stamens 3 with short filaments. Style 3-cleft.

F. broadly Saguetan much less than half the length of the glume.—

Muell. Fragm. viii. 261

d. Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; Port Curtis,

khampton and various localities in South Queensland, Dallachy, Bow-

Beckler = Roc

man, ihren a and others

Pool Phi Northern interior near Mount Aiton, 4. Cunningham ; Liver-

xd c Hore; New En gland, €. Stuart.

Victoria. Mount Hope, ream River and Creswick Creek, F, Mueller.

272 CXLIII. CYPERACEA, [ Cyperus,

3 to 5 lines long and scarcely 1 line broad, brown, 20- to 30-flowered,

h Glumes rat

the rhachis prominently notehed but not winged rather

broad, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminate, the keel not very |

prominent, the sides 3- or 4-nerved without nerveless margins, 4 or

more of the lower ones usually smaller and empty. Stamens 3, 00

short filaments. Style 3-cleft. Nut ovoid-oblong, obtusely 3-angled

or dorsally flattened, as long as or longer than the glume.

S. cane New England and Macleay River, C. Moore; Clarence River,

N. es ;

Wilcox. withstanding the long nut this species appears to be most nearly allied

to the following.

28. C. pedunculosus, F. Muell. Fragm, viii. 266.—Stems rather

keel prominent, the sides nerveless or very faintly several-netved.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. j

_ This and the preceding species have much the habit of the South American b

simplex, H.B, et K., but are both abundantly distinct i l respects.

29. C. vaginatus, R. Br. Prod. 213.—Stems fromahorizontal or ii^

. ing rhizome, rigid, terete or slightly striate, 1 to 3 ft. high, leafless —

a few brown sheaths at the base, the innermost of which sometimes 3 to

in. long with a short erect lamina. Spikelets numerous in dense globus

s of about i in. di

Glumes closely imbricate but spreading, acute, the en

rf the sides brown and nerveless. paper

3-cleft. Nut very prominently 3-angled, rather b '

— than half the length of the glume.—Beeckel. in Linn’,

xxxv. 572.

“ee Australia. Nichol Bay, Herb. F, Mueller; lagoons, Flinders Rive F

weiter,

Queensland. Plains of the Condamine, Leichhardt ; various localities in South

Queensland, O’ Shanesy, and others.

Cuperus.] CXLIII. CYPEBRACE £F. 273

N. S. Wales. Paterson's Riv er, R. Brown; teehee and Macquarrie Rivers,

A, Fern; Per England, C. Moore, C. Stua

tralia, Behr, ; Spencer 's Gulf, A. pitis Torrens River, F, Mueller ;

Central petaen ge 8 Expedi

W. Australia. rchison Ever, Oldfield.

Var, densiflorus, mien not so stout and more evidently striate. Involucral bracts

much shorter, Heads of spikelets small Me crowded into a dense compound se end

cluster. —6. gy ymnocaulos, Steud. Syn. Glum ‘12 ae described as di

nous); C. cruciformis, Boeckel. in Linnea, v. 612

Victoria.

l 3, 334, 42

F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 261, refers this species to the South African C. textilis,

unb. that species however has a much looser and more compoun gen ies

- uci bracts longer and more numerous, and the glumes of a pale c

aline margins. i vaginatus is perhaps nearer to the C, marginatus, Thunb,

but I think distinct from both.

s: afew of Leichhardt specimens and in one of Gosse's the spikelets are very

long with numerous thin pale-coloured glumes d keeled, but the flowers are

all Mistive ads hee spikelets therefore in an abnormal state.

30. C. holoscheenus, R. Br, Prod. 215.—Stems from a thick

horizontal or creeping Menkes 1 to 2 ft. high, apc 3- rahe ed.

Leaves rather narr rrow, sometimes nearly aslong as the stem, Spikelets

small, in Seiad globular clusters E heads 2 to 3 lines eos in an

irre arly compound umbel o 0 8 or even more rays, the longest 2

to 3 in n. long. Involueral bracts ~ or 4, narrow, 1 to 2 of them longer

than the oomai, the heads or clusters subtended by glume-like

bracts, Spikelets flat, pale brown, ipa lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 14

lines long, = fully 1 line broad, with 5 to 8 or rarely more flowers,

the rhachis i

loosely imbreate, obtuse or almost acute, of a thin pale texture, striate

with 2 kane e nerves on each side. Stamens 3. sh i 3-cleft. aid

XA Australia. Islands of the Gulf o f Carpentaria, R. Brown; Arnhem Land

Gui PP Vietoria River, F. Mueller; between the Norman and Gilbert Rivers,

Top Barcoo Downs, Birch.

ft - dactylotes, Benth—Stems usually rather e and 2 to 3

d but sometimes more slender and scarcely above 1 ft., terete or

x 3-angled. Leaves rather long, but only sent wit th v very few

Pecimens, Spikelets numerous in dense clusters or reer ina usually

ut very variable umbel, de longest rays often 6 in. jong,

"tial umbels very dense, Involueral bracts several, of which 2 to

1 longer than the inflorescence and 2 to 4 lines broad at the base.

jdikelte pomi flat, very regular, usually 6 to 9 lines but sometimes at

winged. Glumes loosely imbricate, not very Aso: obtuse of: the

be = a aay into a minute point, the sides more or less — 2-

274 CXLIII, CYPERACE. [Oyperus.

or S-nerved, without scarious margins. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft.

als narrow, 3-angled, nearly as long as the glume

. Australia. Attack Creek, I‘ Dougall Stuart. aaill

Queensland. Maranoa, Woolls ; Barcoo Downs. Schmidt, Birch; Armadillo,

— Gilesii, Benth.—Stems 6 in, to 1 ft. high, siende? iis

Sn us. Leaves much shorter. Spikelets in s c rs mà

eral bracts few, of which 1 or2 eder than the inflorescence. Spikelets

linear or linear-lanceola te, very flat, elegantly pinnate, of a pale ic

3 to nearly 1 in. long, above 1 line broad, 20- to 40-flowered, the rhac

eci

appearance, the 2 small ovate empty glumes remaining persist

base of the rhachis. Stamens 3. Perle 3-cleft. Nut linear-oblong,

more than half the length of the glume

Central Australia, Charlotte Waters, Giles ; Mitchell District, Herd. F. Mueller,

collector not named,

33. C. > R. Br. Prod. - — Stems from under 1 ft. to :

2 ft. Mes abinde 3-angle s narrow, te as minas "

er spr 2

nerves on each side of the keel. pie 3-cleft. Nut oblong, gr

more than half the "ces x the eg lume.—F. Muell. Fragm. Vi!

C. Sieberi, Kunth, Enum. i

Queensland. East Coast, R. Prem; : PS Denison, Fitzalan ; Rockhamp ion and

various localities in S. Queensland, Bowman, O’Shanesy, Leichhardt and other’ den

ales, Leichhardt, Sieber, n. "630; Shoalhaven es, C. Moore,

and Richmond River, Wools’ Gojinga Mountains, Victorian Brpedition

Central Australia. Charl otte Waters, Giles.

R. Br. Prod. 216.—Stems 6 in. to, 13, 1 b bi

wded m

iiber s aini to a fine point. Spikelets in dense Bre

heads in an umbel of few rays, the longest 1 to 2 in. Jon

bracts 3 or 4, of which 1 or 2 longer than the inflorescence ug eu”

es gei 'Spikelets spreading, linear or linear-lance a en old

thick, with a loose pinnate aspect, 4 to 6 lines he ^ x

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACEJX. 275

rather longer, nearly 2 lines broad, 10- to 30-flowered, the rhachis not

umes not closely im-

or 4-nerved. Stamens

more than half the length of the glume.

tralia. North Coast, R. Brown ; M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller ; between

Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

ensland. Springsure, Wuth.

N.S. Wales. Liverpool range, Leichhardt ; New England, C. Stuart ; Mudgee,

The species is very near C. fulvus with which it is united by F. Mueller, but the

glumes are much shorter and broader as wellas looser in the spikelets, giving

inflorescence a very different aspect approaching that of C. alterniflorus.

35. C. alterniflorus, R. Br. Prod. 216.--Stems rather stout,

han the stem,

nearly 15 lines broad, 10- to 30-flowered

Glumes narrow, spreading and very loosely imbricate, rather acute, the

keel prominent, with 3 or 4 nerves on each side. Stamens 2 or 3.

Style usually 3-cleft. Nut narrow, 3-angled, more than half the length

of the glume.—C. pictus, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 43.

p Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown ; Gracemere, O’ Shanesy ; King's Creek,

wman (with spikelets above 1 in. long and 50- to 60-flowered).

S. Australi i ller.

w. ustralia.

ena in the interior, F.

Drummond, n. 75 and 335.

The species is allied to C. carinatus but readily known by the stature, acute-angled

"c e pii specimens, but upon a careful comparison I am una le to dis-

"om C. pilosus, Vahl; Kunth, Enum. ii. 80.—Stems from a thick

rhizome 1 to 2 ft. high or rather more, stout and acutely 3-angled.

aves sometimes as long as the stem and rather broad. e

“ry long and the 2 outer ones broad. Spikelets very spreading, a

th brown, flat, linear-lanceolate, about 4 lines long, 10- to 16-flowered,

rama not winged or the angles with an exceedingly narrow *

pinnately spreading, rather acute, with a green keel -— usually

276 CXLIIL. CYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

2 nerves on each side. Style 3-cleft. Nut broad, acutely 3-angled, :

than half the length of the glume.—Beckel. in Linnea, xxxv. 598; #.

Muell. Fragm. vii. 260

^ Queensland. Brisbane River, F. Mueller. Widely spread over tropical Asia.

37. C. ornatus, R. Br. Prod. 217.—Stems rather stout, 1 to er

high, obtusely triquetrous. Leaves long, but usually shorter than s

stem. Spikelets loosely spicate or almost racemose, occupying D y

8 rimary ones of à

2 short ones. Spikelets spreading, sessile or stipitate, of a rich en.

linear-lanceolate, 5 to 6 lines long, or in some Indian specimens tw

not winged umes navicular but obscurely keeled, at first ee

at length slightly spreading, obtuse or scarcely acute, of à uh

shining brown, but bordered by a white hyaline margin so

‘Beeckel. in Linnza, xxxv. 600

: ‘ insula

N.S. Wales. Hawkesbury, R. Brown. Found also in the Indian Penns

and in Ceylon.

The species closely resembles a digynous species of the sections Pyereus generally

hee not

referred to C. puncticulatus Vahl, and agreeing with his description, ae sual

"however mention the number of style-branches nor the shape of the nut.

C. procerus is probably a mere variety of C. rotundus.

from 1 to y flat, 2 t0

longer than the inflorescence. Spikelets linear-oblong, obtuse, gei

5 lines long, 1 to 1j lines broad and 6- to 12-flowered in the co

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Port Denison, Fitzalan; Bowen Down, Birch.

wert

Var, flav Spikelets fewer in the spike but longer, with 12 to 19 ca de

assuming nearly the aspect of C. scens, although in pecimens -

umbel-rays break out into the ordi longer spike with few-flowered SP elets.

Cyperus.) OXLIIT. CYPERACER. 277

y Central Australia, Gosse; Charlotte Waters, Giles; near Mount Murchison,

onney.

The species is abundant in tropical Asia, extending northwards to China and

Japan, and westward to East tropical Africa.

39. C. eleusinoides, Kunth, Enum. ii. 39.—Stems from a hard

rhizome 2 ft. high or more, acutely 3-angled. Leaves with long sheaths

covering the lower part of the stem, the lamina sometimes short narrow

xxv. 596 ; C. xanthopus, Steud. in Flora, 1842, 595 ; F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 264 (partly).

tralia. Nebo, Gulliver. :

Queensland, Port enison, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton and neighbourhood,

* Daltachy, O' Shanesy ; Springsure, Wuth; Lockyer River, Hartmann.

The species is widely spread over East India and tropical Africa

_ 40. C. distans, Linn. S-; Kunth, Enum. ii. 93.—Stems 1 to 2 ft.

high, slender or rather stout, triquetrous. Spikelets at first in narrow

dense spikes, expanding into loose simple or branched racemes, in a

Simple or compound umbel, the rays few or many, slender or sometimes

- Involucre of few narrow bracts, 1 or 2 longer than the in-

florescence, Spikelets very narrow, linear, 3 to 1 in. ed loosely

is fih

XXXV

612; F. 3 1 b. Descr. et Ic. Pl.

ao. Muell. Fragm. viii. 266; C. elatus, Rott —

y Sseenslana, Herbert's River, Dallachy, Bowman ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;

khampton, 0’ Shanesy.

‘spines Species has something of the habit of a Diclidiwm, but the rhachis of the

ipikclets 18 not at all winged It is very widely spread over the warmer regions of

ati and the Old World.

i doubtf m us, Sieb. Agrostoth. n. is referred here by Kunth, but the synonymy

ke s fect state, it certainly

ver 15 not C, subulatus Br., and is very probably West Podian.

278 CXLIIL OYPERACEZX. [ Cyperus.

Szorrox IV. Papyrus, Nees.—Spikelets flat or terete, with navicular

or concave glumes, the angles of the rhachis bordere by eh

41. C. tegetiformis, Roxb. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 56.— Rhizome creep-

ing. Stems stout, 3 to 5 ft high, eph ie the angles often acute In

the upper part, leafless except the long loose sheathing scales at the

base, the uppermost sometimes produced into a short lamina. Spike-

angled.— C. choses, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. Prof. 47, as to the m

plant not of Rottb. ; ; € enodis, Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 271; C. spam

phyllus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 260, not of Steud.

N. Australia. Lower Victoria River, F. Mueller.

s is also in East India. It has some of the characters of the dle

audet but is too pans allied to the following Hf species to be deri as similar

em, e €. posce ied Steud. is the C. malaccensis Lam., a ually

glumes but a leafy stem, the rhachis of the spikelets not es and ed

3-angled nuts.

prominent. Style -cleft "Ru

rather broad, triquetrous.—Beckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 274

Australia. Port Essington, Armst Widely spread over nem Ane»

critici of the N. American Union.

Cyperus. | CXLIIL CYPERACE. 279

unth, Enum. ii. 54; C. corymbosus, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. Pref. 47 as to

the Australian rae oí of Rottb.

N. Australia. Port E. Armstrong.

Central Australia, Gosse

Var. elatior, a stouter plant with a prominently : 3- -angled stem and 1 or 2 of the

involucral bracts rather longer than th

Queensland. Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy.

species extends over a great part of East India. The var. elatior approaches

the C. corymbosus, Rottb., also East Indian, but 2 T esie has much more developed

involucral bracts as well as some other minor differ

_>44. C. rotundus, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 58.—Rhizome creeping

or stalonitoous swelling here and there into tunicated tubers, the scales

when worn awa SA eav cig annular scars or zones. , Stem s rather slender,

lines us and S ve line broad, wi owers, but

: t uch greater length, the rhachis slightly flexuose an

more or less distinctly several-nerved, with a prominent keel usually

n. Stamens 3. Style 3-cleft. Nut obovoid, 3-angled, less than

half the length of the penes Br. Prod. 216; Sieb. Agrostoth. n.

im F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 269; Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 283; C.

Prod ee Rottb. Deser. et ra Pl. 28, t. 14, f. 2; O. littoralis, R. Br.

rod. 216; Sieb. A grostoth. n.

N. Australia. Islands of the eats coast, R. Brown; Arnhem Land, F.

_ Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Rockhampton and numerous other

cen nd in South pct toe $ F. Malin, O Shanesy, Mitehell st many

Wales, Port Jackson to the Blue agence R. Brown, Woolls

sies lls and

Né lan Stuart ; in the interior to the north west, A. vec come

and others ; ry to the. Murray and Darling Rivers, F. Mueller, Dallaehy, and

280 CXLIIL OYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

Victoria.: Murray River, F. Mue

Central edis; Charlotte Waters "E Alice Springs, Giles,

W. Australia, Murchison River, Oldfield

y lin

and the infloresence very irregular asin C. longus, but the shape of the ipie E -

of the glumes are those of C. rotund "The followin saci aristios are at first sight m

distinct, but pass gradually into the more typical fo

Var. carinalis, EAREN rather long, the keel of the glumes green, broad and

very prominent, s ged,—Rocki Ce din Bay, Dallachy.

Var. a reine Spikelets short in loose spikes, very vim -coloured, rs oie This

almost hyalin ygnet vn ih A. Cunningham, Tambo in nslan nd, Wi

i entical with, the E

Kunt Keil ii 61, To. it rarius die (A sear iosus, R. Br. Pr od, 216 e

sheet of his specimens labelled N. coast, an r sheet from the east etl Is ak

i s the common C, rotundus, though wi iiim i spikelets, The third sheet, xm

Gulf of Carpentaria, belongs perhaps to the C. carinatus, the rhachis 0

a is not winged,

is abundantly strages over the tropical and temperate regions vu

NM. and th the. Old World, yid any places almost as much as in Australia wit

sometimes difficult to distinguish tiom ne esculentus, or oer C. longus, but I do

think that the true C. /ongus has yet been detected in Austr

Q. Luerssenii, Women in Flora, 1875, 86, from Port imt Amalia nets

must be very near of the slender _ dra awn-up specimens of C. 7

i en y different an »

and structure, Stem slender, 1 to 13 ft. dew Leaves fow, ‘short, the lower ones

duced to sheaths, ee l simple of 4 or 5 filiform rays, 2 to ut 36 oe

alternate at the end of the rays, 13 to 16 lines long and 4 line broad, with 1 Nut

flowers. Glumes Labs and several-nerved on the back, Tavola on the sides.

length.

scarcely half their

45. C. sten acts cerrada Benth.—Rhizome thick and horizontal oF

shorter or one longer than the Wiat. pos elets linear pond

= of a rich brown, 4 to 8 lines long, under 1 line broad, with 1

0 flowers, the rhachis bordered b Glum

nervele

rather broad. Stamens 3. Style

trous, not quite half the length of da cp

W. Australia. Drummond, ex 935. The inflorescence and many € character:

those of C. rotundus, but it is much taller plant, and the scarcely 8€ zar

crowded spikelets are narrower aa yet much flatter than ever observed ed in

. Species.

46. C. congestus, Vahl; Kunth, Enum. ii. 87.—Stems rather -

;

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACEA, 281

stout, 1 to 2 ft. high, acutely 3-angled in the upper part. Leaves

shorter than the stem, with rather long sheaths, the lamina often 2 lines

broad, with long points. Spikelets numerous, in very dense short

= L . di 1 ;

ely mor 8.

partially deciduous. Glumes loosely imbricate but scarcely spreading,

obtuse or almost acute, keeled, with 3 or 4 nerves on each side. Stamens

8. Style 3-cleft. Nut broadly oblong, triquetrous, not quite half the

length of the glume.—F. Muell. "ragm. viii. 269; C. carinatus, Nees

in Pl. Preiss, ii. 72, not of R. Br.

N. S. Wales. Paramatta and Camden County, Woolls. site

S. Australia. King George's Sound, and neighbouring districts, Oldfield,

Mazwell and others; Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1812,

The species is chiefly South African, it is very near C. rotundus, but appears con-

ne distinct, The West Australian specimens quite agree with the African ones,

e e

astern ones, of which I have seen but very few, may require further com-

parison,

scarcely obtuse, the keel en, 3-nerved, or sometimes 5-nerved, the

€8 brown and nerveless. Style 3-cleft. Nut rather broad, trique-

trous, more than half the length of the glume.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, The spikelets are nearly those of C.

ben narrower and in denser clusters, and the species differs in foliage both

that and from C. congestus,

Var. confertus, Umbel rays few and short.

oat Australia. Lake Eyre, Andrews; Alice Springs, Central Australia,

48. C. sporobolus, R. Br. Prod. 215.—Stems usually rigid but

70t very stout, obtusely triquetrous, from under 1 ft. to 13 ft. high.

à ves much shorter. Spikelets in little globular heads or clusters in

$ compound umbel of 5 to 10 very unequal rays, the longer ones 1 to 8

z "Ong, the clusters or heads at first 2 to 3 lines di -

4 or 5 lines. Involueral bracts few, of which 2 or 3 much

282 OXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

longer than the inflorescence and sometimes very long. Spikelets

spreading, flat, rarely above 2 lines long, with 5 to 8 flowers, the rhachis

very short, but more or less distinctly bordered by hyaline wings.

Glümes rather narrow, spreading, strongly several-nerved, the keel

sometimes produced into a minute point. Style 3.cleft. Nut oblong,

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; N. W. ient

Hughan; Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 791;

Sweers Island, Henne ; the latter specimens with rather larger spikelets and very

spreading glumes.

Q. sexflorus and C. microcephalus, R. Br. l. c. both from the same localities in

Gulf of Carpentaria, appear to me to be slight varieties of C. sporobolus, with 8

heads of spikelets and fewer flowers in each spike et

. C. angustatus, 2. Br. Prod. 214.—Stems rather slender, d

tusely triquetrous, 1 to 3 ft. high. Leaves narrow, mostly ghor

than the stem. Spikelets 4 to 10 together in close clusters in 4 €

i e

appressed or rarely slightly spreading, rather narrow, the keel prod :

into a small point, the sides striate with 2 or 3 rominent ne

Style 3-cleft,, Nut narrow-oblong, sometimes slightly clavate, t

trous, nearly as long as the glume.— Beeckel. in Linnea, XXXVI. 99^

N. Australia. North coast, R. Brown ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 259. Down»

x land. King's Creek, Bowman ; Gracemere, Q' Shanesy ; Bowen

irch.

50. C. Novee-Hollandiz, Beckel. in Linnea, xxx ir

Rhizome thiek and hard. Stems stout, acutely 3.angled in t d vat

art, 3 to 4 ft. high. Leaves often longer than the stem, the broad.

ong, the lamina keeled below flat upwards an 9 to 3 lines

lumes t. the si

narrow, obtuse or the keel produced into a very short pomt — very

iti gin le 3-left. N"

Queensla.i. Rockingham Bay, Da/achy ; Rockhampton, Thozt.

Cyperus. | CXLILI. CYPERACES. 283

C. rig pe hera el. in Flora, 1875, 86, from Port Mackay, Amalia Dietrich, is

placed by Beeckeler immediately before C. Nove-Hollandie In the long diagnosis

including diy Shared ters common to the whole genus, I see nothing to distin tinguish

it from that spec

. C. Gunnii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 80, t. 140. AES iyd

rigid but not very ‘stout, obtusely triquetrous, from under 1 ft. to 2 o

sometimes 3 ft. high. Leaves few, sometimes as long as x T iudi

number, in dense globular clusters or heads in a simple or compound

umbel of 6 to 10 rays, the longest 1 to 2 or rarely 8 in. long. Involu-

cral bracts few and narrow, 1 or 2 from 6 in. to above 1 ft. long.

= Medis mitealia. Dampier s Archipelago, A. rr ia Walcot.

In the interior, 4. Cunningham; New England, C. Stuart ;

del E rott ; sata Plains, C. Moore,

ystori Goulburn and Purdie’s Rivers, F. Mueller ; Wendu Vale, Robertson ;

immera, 7 Dallachy.

Tasma “Near Launceston, Gunn,

Mount Barker, F. Mueller

F. Mueller unites this EEES the C1 ueidus to which it is nearly allied, bu

fpem Aide Pe ad be raja tit different in inflorescence as well as in general habit.

Sion in herb, ro ree d a seaber, but

evident ^ i doncilbed i. Prodromus, appears to tebe the C. Gun»

l C. Sieberi, Kunth, cad 6, founded on Sieber’s specimens of bie C. mierocepha-

T ee: ayy, n. 630 0, which I had at first, from Kunth’s and Backelers irs

rather vg singe im would appear, from a specimen I have since seen,

2 Niro, Beckel. in Flora, 1875, 87, from Port Mackay, Amalia Dietrich,

ae very near if not identical with C. G unnit. The inflorescence, the spike-

ets collected in Dan globose heads, the winged rhachis, the long narrow

1l ha Wer perfectly well, ae that the rays are described as- more ean ie Pn

tener, cn them, and I do not understand the expression ‘spiculis setaceo-

aD C. lucidus, R. Br. Prod. 218. —Stems stout, from 1 to 3 or

a 4 ft. igh, p prominently 3-angled. es often longer than the

s and ł to lin d. Hoikeleta í in eps oceu upying the whole or

of upper part of the Molti rays of a large and compound

x: many rays the longer ones sometimes 8 or 9 in. long, the ign

d metimes rather loose and 11 to 2 in. long, someting shorte

» the rays of the infloresence both gener not

UNT te, the common rhachis more or ue produced. Inyolu-

3, 4 or more, the outer ones often very broad 1 ft.

284 OXLIII, CYPERACER. [ Cyperus.

minate, rather shorter than the glum o "Basket j in Linnea, x ES ie

355 ; F. Mu ell. Fragm. viii. 270, pa i ; C. sanguineofuscus, Ne &

in Ann. Nat. Hist. se r. I, vi. 46, as to the Tasmanian plant; Ho

Fi. cia ii. 80, t. 139,

msland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt and others; Boyne River,

Har eth. Wileoe ;

. S. Wales. Port Jac "i ces Brown, Woolls; Clarence River, "We?

Hastings River, Leichhardt,

de toria. = Nee River, E Mueller ; ; Wendu Vale, Robertson. t the

Tas Common on river banks and in marshy places throughow

Island, nT. J D. Hooker,

ecies appears to be limited to Australia, the Brazilian plant referred

it ig Neos i is evidently the same as C. uut us, Mey. o EU _ Sahrnder ee ae

‘ferred by Nees to C. mundulus, Kunth, but in óorzectly so ording to differi

from C. lucidus in the shorter rather "wor spikelets, mo

shorter less acuminate nuts. oo in his F] Flora of the “British West peri

unfortunately confounded this gona ascens with the very different C. Jucidut,

Sw. C. acutus, R. Br. Prod. 217, appears to be only a rather small state of C.

with fewer rather longer spikelets.

53. C. pennatus, Lam. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 80, but no t of B g7 “tin

—Stems li to 21 ft. high; obseurely triquetrous or almost Us m

Leaves complicate at the base with ie ther IRE sheaths, ending in

oblong-lanceolate, thick but more or less flattened, 3 to 5 lines longs l

to 2 lines broad, pale coloured, 4- to 8-flowered, the rhachis borde

b yaline wings. Glumes closely imbricate, broad, rathe url

concave, Dr keeled only above the middle, very obse

half the pe the glume.—F. Muell. Fragm R. "e

ne gpa: Va y edel in Linnea, xxxvi. 340; C. sien

par-

hes PENS Fitzmaurice and Upper Victoria Rivers, F. Mueller ; Port

win, Schultz, n. wen

road Sound, R. Brown ; Port Molle, M'Gillivray; au

Damei, R ; Hock barnes Thozet, O' Shanesy (with rather longer sp

wa!

darem over East India, the Malayan Archi and the Pacific Ist Islands ig

been identified as Lamarck’s C. Salis by Kunth, Decasin e and o: mouge

-perfectly with Poiret's original description, Dict. vii, 240. i Booker y AT

; take refers B. Brown's €. ventricosus to the American and West African

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACEX. 285

C; ochroleucus, Boeckel. in Flora, 1875, 85, from Lake Elphinstone, Amalia Dietrich,

is placed by Beeckeler next to C. pennatus (C. canescens) and the description he gives,

en from a specimen in bud, shows no character by which I can distinguish it from

es,

54. a exaltatus, Retz.; Kunth, Enum. ii. — Stems metis

the length of the glume.—Boeckel. in Linnea, x xxxvi. 319; F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 263 ; C. venustus, R. Br. Prod. 2

N. Australia. North coast, R. Brown (with very narrow spikelets); Albert

River, Henne; Flinders River E ” Mu ueller,

Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Port ce cana Fitzalan (with long nar-

ge es Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Rockhampto ees umerous localities

south Queensland, Bowen, Q' Shanesy, Thoset, Mitchell pir of

ides New En gland, €. Stwart; Richmond River, JFoolis ; Clarence

River, Beckler, Wilcox ; Darling River, Vietorian m

Victoria, Broken and Murray Rivers, F. Mue

The species extends over East India and the Malayan Archipelago.

5. C. heematodes, Endl. Prod. Fl. Norf. 22.—Stems stout,

som 3-angled, attaining 4 or 5 ft. Leaves "is and broad, th

times 1 in, yam "10- to M bon arid, the rhachis bordered D hyaline

88. Glumes imbricate, rather narrow an — erect and af

É quetrous, more than half the length of the denpa congest

| ooo F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 269.

Island, Milne, Fwllagar. Also in Norfolk Island.

The he Lora Ho Howse Island Pusat del are referred by F. Mueller to the C. congestus, but

foe Ppear to me dri from that species in habit and iflores orescence as as in the

of the spikelets.

286 CXLII. CYPERACEX. ` [ Cyperus.

56. C. i.

and thick. Stems stout, triquetrous, 1 to 3 ft. high, the angles acute and

sometimes almost winged under the inflorescence. Leaves rather broad

often as long as or longer than the stem, with long broad sheaths an

ending in long narrow points. Spikelets in elongated spikes in à —

pound umbel of many rays, the longer ones often 3 in. long. Invotu-

12- to 20-flowered, the rhachis bordered by hyaline wings N

imbricate, narrow, shortly pointed, the keel prominent and o

3-ne eless sides pale brown or almost hyaline Style

cleft. Nut oblong, obtuse, triquetrous, much shorter than the Pd

—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 263 ; C. venustus, Kunth, Enum. ii. 68, back’

in Linnea, xxxvi. 316, not of R. Br. d

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray: King

Creek, Bowman. b

Abundant in tropical Asia, extending to the South Pacific Islands - eed

tropical Africa, and very closely allied to but scarcely identical with the | ieri

American C. giganteus. Itis also the n. 111 of Sieber's Agrostothect, but his

mens are West Indian.

; r

Section 5. Drcrrpium, Nees.—Spikelets very narrow, is ^

nearly so, either several-flowered with narrow concave closely appre:

gel

embracing the nut, or reduced to a single perfect flower, the WIDE

truding beyond it, with or without a terminal imperfect glume j pa

mentary flower. Style 3-cleft. Nut equally 3-sided. After nr

ing the rhachis is often articulate at or near the base, the 2 “both

lower empty glumes either falling off with the spikelet or one or

remaining persistent

57. C. ferax, Rich. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 89.—Stems usually wes

1 to 3 ft. high, acutely or obtusely 3-angled. Leaves shorter or Tai".

t 1 1

as long as the stem. Spikelets numerous, in elongated spikes 7. E

mpound umb f erous

404, not of Lam.

Queensland. Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Mount Elliot and Daintree Riv

alan ; Gracemere, O’ Shanesy.

Cyperus. | CXLIII. CYPERACER. 287

Widely spread over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World,

unable to distinguish the two - posed —_— described by Boeckeler, and row

should probably include several others. It wason the authority ofa peret named

by Jussien that he referred this species. to. the "C. pennatus, Lam. ; the original de-

scription however in the Encyclopedia is at complete variance and avidentty se

to DM above descri si si signa Vahl, or C. ventricosus, Br. as correctly deter-

unth and oth

E lucidus, Nees ; pong uei um. ii, 89, but not of R. Br. was founded on Sieber's

specimens, Agrostotheca, n. 110, supposed to E M: and which Beckeler,

e Xxxvi 364, refers to his C. nitidulus. These specimens however are West

ENT appear to me to be the C. ferax with the Mat ec in flower not yet fully

short shies lcs in an umbel of few "coder ram pr rci about

2 in. long, the whole inflorescence sometimes reduced to the central

subulate, flexuo to 9 lineslong and ending in a fine point, 6- to

flowered, the rhachis bordered by hyaline wings. umes distant,

closely appressed to the rhachis, obtuse or scarcel acute, with a green

rather broad keel, the sides brown and finely several-nerved. Style 3-

eft. Nut narrow, triquetrous, more than bay as png as the glume,

closely embraced SP it by the wings of the r

land. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Bailey, Teer e latter with

rather broader n - Herbert's Creek, Bowman ; Gracemere, O’ Shane.

59. C. trichos La Benth.—Stems stout, about 2 ft. high,

prominently "enep but quite smooth. Leaves ues longer and

rather broad. Spikelets in soo spikes of 4 to $ in. in a large umbel

linear-filiform, Peradi ng, 2 ra 3 or rarely 4 lines one, usually 3- or 4-

P the rhachis flexuose and bordered by hyaline wings. Glumes

E losis appressed to the rhachis, very MA. acute. Style

Cleft. Nut much shorter than the glum e, very narrow, closely .

embraced ws the wings of the rhachis.

d. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

ocaulon, Benth.—Stems rather slender, usually about 1 ft.

li, o8 ott at triquetrous, quite smooth. Leaves much shorter, narrow.

Spikelets. in ovoid-globular rather dense spikes or rather looser and

nearly $ in. long, in a simple umbel of about 4 to 6 rays, the longest 1 to 2

8 nas . Involu ere of few bracts not much longer than the inflorescence.

pikelets Vins hbri at length flexuose and 3 or sometimes 4 lines

with about 3 flowers, the rhachis bordered by hyaline wings.

i to

with several nerves, the — one often empty or with an

embraced by

288 CXLIH. OYPERACER, [ Cyperus,

the wings of the rhachis. „The spikelet falling away eee carrying

off the second E glume.— Mariscus levis, R. Br.

D Cape York, Hm l; Digs tam T Shanesy,

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson : Richmond, Woolls.

Very nearly allied to the fi oo Hie Meets a variety only. Some specimens

from Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, appear almost intermediate between

e two.

61. C. scaber, Benth.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. high or rather more,

triquetrous and usually very ipn on the angles. Leaves s usually

shorter but sometimes longer an the stem. Spikelets in ovoid or

hyslie AS ^in outer empty mes h wer than in

N. EC Gulf of Carpentaria, R. B

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallach; y Pey Island, Walter,

This and the preceding species, although formerly placed in Mariscus, bare it

haracters of Diclidium, with the second and third flowering glumes always

not aenn hie by the lower one asin the section Mariscus,

Section 6. Mariscus.—Spikelets small, terete or scarcely ee

boronic 1 or 2 perfect flowers, the very short rhachis borde by

h : à

often remaining persist ent, the sec — sik

falling off with the ibit the third or — piis — enclo |

the continuation of the rhachis, or p ially nemi in dies

flowering glume. Style 3-cleft. "Nut triquetro

_ Although this section in some measure — Cyperus Jo c age: depo

sufficiently distinct from the latter in habit, in the production of th d in the

above the single flower or pated ana the » o flowers of the e. on

trimerous ne and fruit, and aimongh the "icis is dimerous in the first tW those of

of C: t is then accompanied by other characters quite at heroe! "S ter t0

Cyperus

` Kyllinga. ike the section Die/idium, it is a near approach in techni

in hal it,

Schenus th very different

Cyperus. | OXLIII CYPERACERX. 289

striate, the two lower and the terminal one empty. Bele 3-cleft. Nut

ovoid, triquetrous, more th: ee half the length of the glume.—J7Mariscus

decompositus, R. Br.

N. Australia. Gulf af TEL R. B

, Queensland. Endeavour Tüvers, bie: peers Solander, A. Cunningham ; CERT

ingham Bay, Dadllae hy.

63. C. Armstrongii, Benth—Stems from a thick tufted base

varying from under 1 ft. to near 2 ft. high, stout and triquetrous.

wer and glume above it. Style 3-cleft. Nut sersil-ohleogs

triquetrous, nearly as long as the glum

- Australia. Port Essington, 4; yay Part Darwin, Schultz, n. 731.

Queensland, Percy Islands, 4. Cunningham; Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy.

Very pearly allied to C. emen, Bockel. from the Fiji Islands, but more

"igid, the spikelets smaller.

64. C. umbe llatus, Benth. Fl. Hongk. 386.—Stems from under

l ft. to nearly 2 ft. hi gh, triquetrous, smooth. Leaves variable, narrow

or rather broad, shorter or lon nger than the stem. Spikelets very

numerous, in close cylindrical spikes of 4 to 1 in. all sessile or mostly

Pedunculate in a simple umbel or very rarely 1 or 2 of them branched

at the base. — Tnvolueral bracts usually several, much longer than the

eflorescence, the outer ones sometimes 2 or 3 lines broad. Spikelets

ing Teo lj to 2 lines long, almost always 1-flowe

ro outer glumes short and empty, both usually attached below the

the ulations; Bus ering glume PIE the whole spikelet, enclosing

er a continuation of the rhachis whie win

5 ,; Vell. Fragm. viii. 267 ; Mariscus umbellatus, Vahl; Kunth, Enum.

XE Kyllinga umbellata, Rottb. Descr. et Ic. Pl. 15, t4 omy

ur. Fl. Ow: et Ben. t. 55; Kyllinga qme Rottb: L e. t. 4 f

rd Be Condamine River, Leichhardt, and various localities in South

land, Bowman, and others ; Brisbane River, P. Mueller, Bailey.

jii ; laxiflora, Spikes longer 'and not so dense, 1 or 2 of ‘the outer ones with a

oma at the base — Herbert Creek, Bowman. ;

290 — CXLIII. CYPERACEJE. [ Cyperus.

oon e species is widely aay ae over tropical un and Africa, an be the

ne of the South African ones, Beckeler, Linnza, xxxvi. ud | refers the

Marisew co sage of ee ex. American C. — s Torr., which sp

M. paniceus and M. bellatus were founded on

e qui Valls

Rottboell’s Indian n Kyllinga panicea and K. umbellata, the wr proving to be a larger

variety of the fo

65. C. conicus, Backel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 371—Stems 1 to l3

ft. high, rather nO often muc thickened is the base. e often

more than the len ngth of the - flowering glume à -

acute, striate, closely enveloping the Sealy me ues and the

ofa fourth glume which is em pty or contains a male flower. su

cleft. Nut ovoid, — nearly as long as the glume.—F.

Fragm. viii. 268; Mar conicus, R. Br. Prod. 218.

S e cia, ‘Gulf e) ncs, R. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, ?. es

Queensland. Port Curtis, M'Gillivray; Bokhara Creek, Leichhardt ; Bowe

Ds Birch.

W. Australia. Murchison River, ume Leave

Var. ramosus. Heads z d sue branching into dense pyramidal panicle d

numerous, broad at the base.—Sweers Island, Henne ; Pout Denison, Fitzalan. i

e. quem Bockel. in Flora, 1875, 89, from Port raped fe Amalia Dietrich,

the character given does not appear to differ from x conte h, must

us tetracarpus, Boeckel. 1. c, 88, also from Port Mickey. iilis lia Dietrich, dd

nearthe same species in many respects, but the spikelets are said 9s e faper aod bY

5 tow wers, which would uid t from the section Mariscus, where 1

Beeckeler next to c. glauci

3. HELEOCHARIS (Eleocharis), R. Br.

(Scirpidium and Heleogenus (Eleogenus) Nees.)

mes

M conse: solitary, terminal, with many hermaphrodite Ai: ior 2

mbricate all round the rhachis, the lowest 1 or 2 empty. Hyp op T irs

lif 1 ttenel

Nut obovoid or nearly globular and 3-ribbed, or more or less fia T o

and biconvex with 2 marginal ribs, always crowned by the nm style

depressed persistent base of the style, the remainder of the

falling away.— Stems simple, tufted, without perfect leaves, the bai Jes

stems often taken for leaves, the real leaves reduced to sheathing

Heleoch aris. CXLIII. CYPERACER. 291

m to its orifice. No involuere except the outer empty glume,

which takes the place of a bract subtending the spikelet and is some-

ae BR than the other glumes, very rarely produced into a short

ja Wor istributed over the tro ical ana, RAEN regions of the New as well

as de Old oe two species extending to ge Arctic circle. Of the thirteen

Australi hree only are endemic, Ed. d ese is scarcely more than a

variety "^ podus one, three oido are also in Now Zealand and in some temperate

regions in the northern or southern ctos — em hitherto been only identified

out of Australia in Fast India, the remaining six mmon tropical or temperate

Species in the Old World ne all, o r all but one, M. jana io e

- I. Limnocharis. Spikelets cy grin Glumes obtuse, not at all or very

oscura ely keeled, + ether rigid, eed : hyaline border. Persistent base of the style forming

a conical usually flat beak to the

Stems t. erete, appe aring articulate from the transverse

septa dividing the internal pith . 1. H. sphacelata,

Ma gontinuous, obtusely Fail or terete.

almost white, scarcely striate, the hyaline

narrow x

r ve xil soon disappeari g, the

ment very prominent. . . . . . 2. H. spiralis.

Glumes pale or dark, a wr ices the spiral ar-

Ste rangement not prominent . eo... 38. A. variegata.

ms continuous, MES cna 3- ya 4-angled . s uk. n oido H. aftHosa.

Ping sal fe idium. JSpikelet cylindrical or tapering upwards, usually smaller

"a i» Limnochloa. Glumes with a distinct green centre or prominent keel. Persistent

of the style shortly conical.

= slender, acutely 4-angled . . . §&. H. tetraquetra.

obtusely angled, or aa and s

Inner [ond ct trunca t the cm with a small

erect point. Nut E

Spikelet pale-coloured, obtus j . 6. H. cylindrostachys.

Spikelet usually dark ibas and rather acute : T. H. acuta.

Inner boten oblique at the orifice without the

pom

gos 6 to z lines =e No hypogynous bristles.

s ut biconvex . 8. H. atricha.

pikelets 3 to 5 lines long. Hypogynous bristles

usually longer than the nut. Nut 3-ribbed . . 9. H. multicaulis.

a" . HL Heleogenus. Spikelet ovoid-conical or small and few-flowered.

orifice, of Pe ie ied of the style as aud depressed. — Leaf-sheath oblique at the

Nut eres ver very smooth. Glumes deciduous, usually

Spike de o dense, many-flowered, pale ‘coloured. Stems

ne above 6 in. high. Glumes broad, with a

| Spas e . 10. H. capitata.

* loce dark-coloured, the glumes not very x

erous, prominently keeled. ms under 3 i ip. 11. H. atropurpurea.

Nut 3-ribbed and usually wre. fen Glumes not numero

filiform.

Leaf-sheath 4

domes sie MN brown.

Spikelet narro : A 2 E p

292 CXLUI. CYPERACER. [ Heleocharis.

acne pang loose and scarious at the orifice. sacar

rather broad . 18. H. pusilla.

E. ses RE et Sch. ; Kunth, » Enum. ii. 140, an East Indian p lant, is

Eus js e ckel. in Linnea, xx xvi. 429, as also Austra lian on the anthony v

Sieber’s specimens, wi ostotheca, n. 24, whi "d Nees had named £, re M

Kunt synonym . (&.) y A Rdys a West Indian and So d the

closely allied if not identical species. sp ns I ha we ir ih

spikelets too imperfect to nod to what poe eri belong, and they may

whether Australian or West Indian is very unc If Australian

prove to be the same as H. Pei Br. with which Or i agree as to the Toaf-sheath,

Section I. Liwyocnaris, Nees.—Spikelet cylindrical, vist nen

Glumes obtuse, not at all or very obscurely keeled, rather rig! qo ally

hyaline border. aoa base of the style forming a conical us

flattened beak to the nu

l. H. (E) Mens, R. Br. Prod. 224. —Rhizome oe *

stoloniferous. Stems from under 2 ft. to 4 or 5 ft. high, 2 to inei

diameter, terete but spent articulate from internal transverse win

the principa bna o 1l in. PME but several Qu p

branches 2 or 3 ather broad, minutely pitted or gran vat

not distinctly striate, the flattened beak rather —— with a E $i

ring round its base.—K unth, Enum. ii. 154; B m pem

: ceckel

475; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 85; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. g“ ade

sphacelatus, Spreng. Syst. i. 204; Heleocharis prete

— viii. 238, not of R. Br.

tralia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Arnhem Land, F. M ad

res mate Rockhampton (the tubers of the thizome piniet, 0 sha

Brisbane ag in Bai Fler, Wilco;

N. S. w p Y Pagani, C. Stuart; Clarence River, Becher,

Camden county, Miss Atkin i

ictoria. zw ete: Tus. “Raber: tson; Emu Creek, Whan ; Mittagong D pan ‘and

Tasmani ent River, R. Brown ; abundant in lagoons near

0 nmn Gilin and ot

oe Hats)

heed

ws Saas and Lake Torrens, F. Mue

is very

Zealand and apparently in X "n Islands, Hs

closely d to =

glumes, and, in the ens examined at least, the beak of its nut is T

The H. ( E.) binptate, Btond,. Syn, Glum. ii. 82 is probably the same as

2. H. (E.) spiralis, R. Br.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 155. —Steme sr =

rete or more or less triquetrous, continuous inside, 1} to 3

Spikelets cylindrical, $ to 1 long, about 2 lines aay ,

coloured or almost ‘white. Ub. broadly ore el the Aus

i y

Heleocharis.] CXLIII, CYPERACER. 293

faintly striate, very obtuse, with a narrow scarious margin which at

length disappears. Hypogynous bristles about 6, glabrous or scarcely

appearing scabrous under a } in. lens. Style- branches 2 or 3. Nut

obovate, compressed, biconvex, the beak or persistent Ped of the style

shortly conical.—Beeckel. in Linnæa, xxxvi. 473; Scirpus spiralis,

Rottb. Deser. et. Ic. Pl. 45, t. 15, f. 1.

Victoria? Tarampa Creek, Herb, F, Mueller,

The species is dispersed over the e regions of both the New and the Old

World, but chiefly in tropical Ameri

3. H. (E.) variegata, Kunth, Enum. ii. 153.—Stems bise

triquetrous or nearly terete, continuous ‘alt pi from under 1 ft.

nearly 2 t high, usually 1 to 2 ines whe n invariant 8 fee

lets sylideca bens in. long when in flower to nearly li

fruit, 13 to 21 lines diameter. Glumes from very bronili ovita =

obovate-oblong, v very obtuse, not keeled, many-nerved, with a narrow

Scarious border, either who olly pale coloured or with a dark line within

the border. Ly pogynous bristles usually about 6, very unequal in

length. Style-branches 2 or 3. Nut (not seen ripe in the Australian

specimens) biconvex, broad, striate and slightly transversely rugose, the

beak or a sistent base of the style narrow-conical, flat tened, with a

broad annular base. — Beeckel. in Linnea, E à g Seirus variegatus,

Poir, Diet. vi. 749 ; H. (E.) Sieberi, Kunth, l.c. H. (E.) compacta, R.

va B "nti 4; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 239; Pr compactus, Spreng.

st. i.

N. Australia. Arnhem N. Bay, R. Brown ; Lower Victoria pran F. Mueller.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallac hy ; Narrau River, Mite

co!

T cl they are in flower only, the glumes are pale with a scarious border and

dorsal vein cam conspicuous than is usual in the species,

4 H. (E.) fistulosa, Schult. ; Kunth, ymp ii. 155.—Stems con-

tinuous inside, acutely and equally 3 -angled or unequally 4-angled, 1 to

ft. high, 12 to 2 lines diameter. Spikelets cylindrical, often fully 1

we long, = to 2 lines diameter. Glumes imbricate but not very

teme. ovate, obtuse but often narrower than in H. variegata, obscurely

eeled, striate, bordered by a narrow scarious margin sometimes almost

obsolete ogynous bristles about 6. Style-branches 2 or 3. Nut

ean biconvex, striate and pitted between the striz, the beak or peer

the style flat- conical, short, with a raised annular base.— .in

æa, xxxvi. 472; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 239.

p UNUS Bowman, O Shanesy.

tao dely spread over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old World, and

: American H. (E). quadrangulata, Br. is but very slightly di The few

(in the dz; specimens have certainly four angles to the stem, but two of them appear

dried state) close together, passing into the ordinary 3-angled form.

294 CXLI. CYPERACEA, | Heleockayis.

SECTION IL. ScrgPIDIUM. Spikelet cylindrical and obtuse or taper-

ing upwards and acute, ueually.s smaller than in Limmochloa. Glum

with a distinct green centre or prominen que Persistent base of the

stvle quis a short conical often laterally flattened beak.

one side as in H. acuta. Spikelet chong hnceota 3 to 4 lines sins

N. S. Wales. Richmond River, Miss Atkinson, tha epee in youn a en

the characters red m taken from East Indian ones. The species dió ee

a wide singe: It is very near H. acuta but constantly known by

angular stem

. H. cylindrostachys, Bæckel. in Flora, 1875, 108 siete the “all

giv an. — Stems terete, rather stout, mostly above 1 ft. hig péine

1ameter, very pale coloured. lumes very numerous an ik

R ovate-oblong, very i scarious with thin hyaline mare

e green eentral nerve more s distinct, otherwise ne

er coloured or faintly used heri brown, very deciduous as in A

capitata. Hypogynous bristles 6 to 8, mostly longer than ne flat.

Style branches 3 or rarely 2. Nut broadly obovate, YE muc

tened, the beak or base of the style n conical and fla

Queensland. Wide and Moreton Peri Leichhardt ; Rockhampton, Tt

Boyne River, Hartmann ; Castle Creek, B Stuart ;

. S. Wales. „màe en and Richmond, Woolls; New England, C.

Tean

Tree specimens are referred by F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 240, to H. (E) ^

Schult. which Boeckeler is probably right in reducing to ths common H. —

Our species decid oo to be d distinct in the long narr gon

yery

7. H. (E.) acuta, R. Br. Prod. v4 A QU creeping.

rather d terete, from 6 or 8 in. to 12 ft. high or rat

Sheathing scale appressed and horizontally 1 truncate at the orifice,

often coloured, with a small erect point or ru

Heleocharis. | OXLIII. CYPERACER. 295

dorsal nerve or keel more or less promineph the sides brown with pale

more or less scarious margins. H ynous bristles 3 sa 7, usually 5

or 6, longer or shorter than the nut. ee -branches us

obovoid or almost orbicular, very convex on both sides, but without the

EM angle of H. multicaulis. —AH. (E) mueronulata, ees in Ann

t. Hist. ser. i. vi. 46 ; Bæckel. in Linnes xxxvi. 4 E. ) gracilis,

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 85, not of R. Br. Fe peut T "Muell.

x Td not of R. Br.; Scirpus goma and 8. tener, Spreng. Syst. i.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Plains of the Condamine,

Leichhardt ; V deer ere, Viger E

Port Jac rown; New England, C. Stuart, Perrott

Kenia Rivor, Mie Hodgbinsen ; ; pa een the Lachlan tme Darling River rs, Vie.

Victor ts Robertson ; ctp , Whan ; Wimmera, Dallachy

Tasmania. Derwent River, m Brown ; abundant in mare s places throughout

the idu. J. D. Hooker and othe

2e ethanie, Behr A "E Mueller ; Angas Ri iver, F. Mueller

Aa Australia. Various stations from King Ge eorge’s Sound to Sirah River,

rummond, n. 100, 364, F. Mueller, and others

ar. pallens. Spikelet eS. a very pelo b wi; d glumes almost scarious, but the

che of the spikelet, the number and mie of the glumes and other characters,

Don of H. acuta not of H. eylindrostach 4s. — U pper Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Bowen

EN sva 7 in the Darling and near Mount Murchison, Vi ir. doc

is variety may Mele oe belong s H. Dietriehiana, Boeckel. in Flora,

E ‘in: form of H. acuta occurs in New Zealand, and some specimens from

Ih e and other parts of extratropical South America appear to be the same species.

ave not as yet ro a to ascertain whether they have been as yet published

under any or what n

8. H. (E.) atricha, R. Br. Prod. 225.—Stems sents tufted,

dee under 1 ft. high. Sheathing scale long, rather loose, oblique

at the orifice as in H. multicaulis, but the habit of ‘the ae Anis of

cuta. Spikelet linear, cylindrie eal, 2 to $ in. long. mes obtuse,

um obovate, elegantly pitted in numerous vertical rows, the base o

vii mmo» surrounded by a very prominent border.—F. Mue ll. Fragm.

N. Australia. Between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

N.S. Wales. Port yeh R. Brown ; New England, C. Stuart.

(E.) multicaulis, Sm. Engl. Fl. ii. 64.— Stems from a iod

ing Bisons usually more slender or wea aker than in H. acuta, rarely

bi ve 1 ft. long, and often much shorter. ge leaf-sheath appressed,

x the orifice slightly ehe oblique and sometimes

te, hence or acute without any distinct aber freu carat or

{most ovate -oblong, 3 to 4 or grita 5 lines long, 1 to 14 lines broad.

lumes oblong, 14 to 2 lines = obtuse or the Pa ones acute, the

296 OXLILI. CYPERACEJE. [ Heleocharis.

keel usually green, the sides dii. Appas: hyii towards the

edge. Hypogynous ee 6 or few sually longer than the nut.

Style-branches 3. SOR ition, the dorsal rib as pro-

minent as the "e de ones.—Kunth, ir ii. Dp Reichb. Ie. Fl.

Germ. t. 296; Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. H. (E) gracilis, R. Br.

Prod. 224 ; H. gracillina, Hook. f. Handb: X Zeal. Fl. 745.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, C. Moore, Woolls.

Mueller

i burn River, F.

S. Australia. Lofty Range, F. Mueller lani,

WV. Australia. Drummond, n. 137, a appear o be à ome state of this p

but the specimens are not in astate for absolute e Can oy

If I am correct in the identification of this species it is ipe in north- western

Europe vo. in] New Zealand. Can it have been introduced from Europe? Sichors

Specimens, Agrostotheca. n. 115, named by Nees as Æ. gracilis, referred by epe der

(4.) maculosa, and published by serit as a distinct Australian species um

the name of H. gracillima, are West

Section 3, Hetzogenvs. Spikelet ovoid-eonical or small and i

flowered. Glumes with a prominent or greenish keel. Persiste ni roi

of the style Bert, st depressed. Inner leaf-sheath oblique at

orifice, often scario

H. (E.) oe R. Br. Prod. 225.—Stems usually dom

pe s rom under 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, ze striate. i

leaf-sheath short, a messed o or rather loose, oblique at the or! Td

‘stent

inner face nearly flat t, shi ining, crowned by the very small per

depressed: bese of the style.—Kunth, Enum. ii. 150; Bæckel. in

næa, xxxvi. 461; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 240. E

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Sea range and Victoria Bien

F. Mueller.

d. Endeavour x. eng and Solander.

W. Australia. Murchison River, Oldfield. old

The species is widely spread over the warmer regions of the New and the

World.

our

a A ) setacea, R. Br. Le. wie ain Spreng. Syst. i. 204) from Endeawo y

! me oto differ ria slender specimens ot

—

ll. H. (E.) atropurpurea, Kunth, Enum. ii. 151.—Stems dense ly

tufted, slender often filiform, 1 to 3 in. high. Inner jeaf-sheath ep

poa, the orifice oblique, acuminate or lanceolate, in some spec 1

À and a F med in others green. Spike ti

slight A compressed, attaining about 2 lines in length and ^2 E

ibo aie rin the smaller forms, 1 line long and à liue broad

Heleocharis. | CXLII. CYPERACEX. 297

mens 1 or: tyle-branches 2. TPOETTONA: “brates usually 4

sometimes 5 to. Sin the typical form, and as Jong as the nut, very

short or entirely wanting in some varieties. Nut rae borde: bicon-

vex, smooth and shining, at length dark brown or black, crowned by

the small depressed persistent base of the style.—Booc kel. in Linnea,

xxxvi. 458; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 240.

tralia. Victoria River, F. Mueller.

Queensland Brisbane River, Bailey.

S. Wales. Richmond River, C, Moore,

ar. setiformis, Stems filiform, under 2 in. high. Bristles hg short or none.—

a Creek, Carpentaria, Gulliver ; Rockhampton, 0' Shane

The species is Spread over the tica and temperate regions of the Old World,

andis, perhaps, in America also

Kunth, Enum. TEJ .--Stems

£5

Lap

Eo:

sides aa nerveless, with narrow scarious margins. nas 3.

Style-branches 3. H pogynous bristles few. Nut small, obovoid, not

by the ssed, 3-ribbed, slightly striate and transversely rugulose, crown

e small depressed base of the style.—Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxvi.

. Victo Edward's River, F. Mueller. The specimens not yet in fruit, but

rey a E rrible to the true H. aor is, n is common in tropical and tem-

Perate regions, in the New as well as the Old Wor

Var. DE es 8 to 10 in. long, but filiform with the brown appressed sheaths

of the European plan

3. H, (E.) pusilla, R. Br. Prod. 225 —Very near H. acicularis

and, perhaps, a variety as suggested by F. Mueller. Stems in tufts but on

y slender c creeping rhizome, 1 to 3 in. high, filiform. Inner uper

it the ier scariou Hypogynous bristles very small or none.

is minent Vii —JBH. acicularis, var. F. Muell. Fragm.

" 240. E. r recureate, Nees, in ‘Sieb. jacere n. TS Scirpus

Pumilio, Spreng. Syst. i. 204.

Victoria, ales. Port Jackson, E

Bacchus Marsh and rre : Ema Creek, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. South Esk River, C. Stuart

298 CXLIII. CYPERACEJE.

4. FIMBRISTYLIS, Vah.

(Trichelostylis and Oncostylis, Nees.)

Spikelets solitary capitate or irregularly umbellate, with several

usually many flowers, all her maphrodite or rarely the upper ira

female only. Glumes SER all round the rhachis or rarely

distichous, the lowest 1 or 2 rarely 3 or 4 empty. No hypogynous

bristles. Stamens 3,2 or 1. Style flattened and ciliate or went

ing off with the style, or Fn Oncostylis) vemaining persistent on

ovary long ee the style has fallen away ; stigmatie branches 2 0r 9»

filiform. Nut obovoid globular or more or less flattened E

vex, often ub. contracted at the base.—Tufted annuals or peren? :

never so large as the larger Scirpi. Leaves narrow, radical or at, id

base of the stem, sometimes reduced to membranous or rahe nthe

sheathing scales. Inflorescence terminal. Involucral bracts under ce

cipal rays usually short, rarely 2 or 8 exceeding the inflorese uad

is id solitary on the stem or on the rays or rarely clustered, p

r dark brown or almost white, never black. :

The genus extends all round the world, ns chiefly in tropical or py oa

regions, and a larger proportion is s Australian than in the case of ntn herd c or

charis, Of fifty Australian species, Dt ifie are either r sd

have not yet been identified with extra-Australian ones, jio pical

however very closely allied to corresponding Asiatic species, sixteen, of them are

Asiatie species, the majority of which extend into Afri d seven

also

also in TEEN the remaining one species is also in New Zealand, and, fgit by

in South me three or four of the endemic dores are as yet

so few ccm that they may require further confirmation al

3 : jcate

seri I. Eeleocharoides.—Spikelet solitary, terminal, — Glumes imbriea

round,

Nut biconvex, with transverse raised lines or wrinkles.

o lower amen empty.

intermixed with a very few

Stamen 1. vo oc pande

Stamens 3. Aisle dliate c Pt ee

Frans us, filiform. Style-branches3 . . 3. F. panete

use.

ut 4 t4 lower gh slums empty, perigee vt dens 4. F, rhyticary " :

es filiform, not BOE SD . diame & d —

Spiel nodding/ usally brown / .0- -o( n. F. nutans.

3-angled or biconvex, smooth striate granular or

gl rculate, Style-branches 3 or caia mn 2.

Spikelet oblong, lanceolate.

let about à line broad. ves Dé or none. rd.

Nut tuberculate .OT. Ge pamelor

ice volucral bract.

Spikelet_ ie 14 lines broad. Leaves ?

No involucral bract. * Nur miputly tates. g. F. cardiooarp®:

Spikelets about 1 line Leaves setaceous. ska.

Involucral bract vet as long as thospikelet . 9. P. lee

Finbristylis.] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 299

Spikelet ovate or oblong. Style-branches 2

Spikelet 1 to 13 lines broad. Nut tuberculate.

s numerous, filiform. Flowers all herm

phrodite . 3 . 10. F. ar dmn

Stems leafless. Upper flowers female . 11, F. androg:

Spikelet 2 lines broad. Nut (smooth ?) "rather

broad. Leaves jew. narrow . 12, F. subbulbosa.

Spikelet 2 e broad. ay narrow-oblong, ‘striate

and ca ate. Stems léafles 13, F. tetragona.

ce ovate, € erect Style- iebailios 3. Nut tubercu-

Nat tbs ad; 3-furrowed, - p stipes. . . . . 4. F frigastrocarya.

Nut 3-ribbed, on a short . . 5 15. F. monandra.

eket globular, erect. p aa ee 3. Leaves

umerous

Spiele white, 2 Hie 3 lines diameter. _ e m

ded aa hyaline win, 16. F. pterygosperma.

Spikelet chow a to 1} lines diameter 17. F. spherocephala.

Spikelet nodding, brown, €: or its 3 lines

diameter, Tan long and flat . 18. F. xyridis.

(Seealso 35, F, spiralis and 37, F. leptoclada, wbich have sometimes solitary spikelets.)

Seer. II. Abildgaardia. — Spikelets solitary or Sew, flat with distichous glumes, ir

narrow and spiral in 2 or rarely 3 rows. Style-branches usually 3.

Spikelets solitary, narrow, usually spiral. Glumes long,

ous or scarious.

Glumes scarious, acuminate, with erect p Feria ts rs oxystachya.

Glumes rigid, opaque, ias 5 closely pier PUn. SUI macrantha.

S Glumes rigid with lon. ved points 31. F squarrulosa.

pikelets often several, sary flat, dran distichous or

slightly spiral.

Leaves few, narrow-linear, rigid. Spikelets solitary or

rarely 2 or 3, pale orn nearly W hite . 2, conser

tems tall, leafless. S Meis pe to 5, pale-coloured . 93. F. Brown

Leaves nume erous, n ‘Ste

Bpikislets 4 to 6, rich brow cien os e 1.2. FX. Delthyi.

um or. IIT. Dich helostylis. gs ic — usually numerous. — Glumes imbricate

round, Style-branches 9. Nut bicon

EN es leafy at the base. Stems under 1 d

ut sm or very minutely striate or cance

Silly dS i ts baise the | hairs € or

exed over D nut . . . 28. F. velata

y Siri bur "pum a 96. F. estivalis.

with distin tudinal strim or ribs and. trans-

oai cancellate -

Spikelets numerous, under 2 lines long . . 27. F. dichotoma,

Spikelets shout 5 or fewer, ne 2 e long . . . 28. F. depauperata.

Perennials, often above hig

Nut with distin distinct lo; dies stris or ribs and trans-

wens y rugo "Style flat, ciliate. Leaves often

Spikelets p ts, pale coloured, about 4 lines long. Leaf-

29. F. spirostachya.

Spikslete u cgi brown, about 3 lines, Leaves

x glabrous . . 90. F. di iphylla.

nor or rugose i

- Style distinctly ciliate.

300 CXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Fimbristylis.

Stems leafless or with few leaves. Spikelets ovate-

lanceolate, 14 to 2 lines broad. Nuts vene 31. F. ferruginea.

Stems lonflons. ^ iris cg ovate or at 1 ——

Nut — mee vum .-. . 82, F. denudata.

Style slender, uM glabro Nut ooth.

Stem leafless, Spikelets Miete or qct 4 to

6 lines long . . 33. F. elata.

um filiform, often numerous. Spikelets ovate

2 to 3 lines long . 84. F. caspitosa.

tary in

. IV. Trichelostylis. weedy several, s numerous (rarely soli

F.s jiralis and F. "anms qi d D ws imbricate all round. Style-branches 8 (except

D in some Glom rious.

Sznres I. heus Ren few, not clustered, occasionally solitary,

2 lines long.

Small an eaves numero

Teas sace Spikelets ste AA Nuts pp ^ F. spiralis. i

Leaves a omn oves aristate, Nuts gr 6. F. subarista

Stems longs Teafle ess. Spikelets narrow. Nuts tercie

Spikelets 1 or 2, erect e pnm

Spikelets few on biiain umbel-rays Sho) he er REOR

Serres II. Polyst pene Spikelets usually numerous in more or less compoun

Ter igo not Aarel on the ra;

Spikelets ovate, about 3 "e Amm or more

Nuts "aes yeh smooth, Leaves and involucral í

bra 39. F. corynceary®

Nuts fiain AA Leaves few. Tnvolucral ‘bracts

lidifolia.

ds glabrous or enr. so. Nut narrow . . - ie b am „gula.

Spikelets rarely 2 lines long; globular ovate or] lanceolate,

p aided YES $ to 1} lines diamet 42. F. miliacea.

Spikelets globular, ET to 2 lines diameter. ` Stamens

. 43. F. rara.

Spikelets ovate or lanceolate, yoy, numerous, under 2

e ` M ns l rarely

Spik seras aw i EN ee Mo AME laris.

Spikelets ness or oblong 45. F. quinguang™

Spikelets narrow, acute, 2-1 to ‘flowered 1 lowers more ide

than 6 in all the preceding species) . 46. A nd ra

Serres III. Glomeratee.—Spikelets more or less miin on t bo ‘telet.

and — a central cluster of 2 or more in lieu of the single UA, siti

Leaves usually numerous.

Spikelets not above 2 lines Kee - dme e 2 or 3, in-

— with a solitary on

green, flaccid, flat. Spikelets rich mace ovoid,

ao prae 2 nt Tne long 47. F. furva.

ves subulate, shining. Spikelets s brown, 1to

1k So long . y ise 48. F. se

Spikelets in ees of 3 to 10.

Leaves long, rather glaucous. opem l to De

Leaves and inflorescence silky-hairy. Spikelets 2 lines

Spikelets Éw i but i clustered, 3 to 4 ines long. Style-

. 50. F. sericea.

. Bl, F. macrostachyt-

Fimbristylis. | CXLIH. CYPERACER, 301

gira ner excom 4 to 5 Ec ems Ey:

bran . 52, F. Neilsont,

Serres IV. disti. —Spikelets collected in a single terminal head.

Glumes obtuse, membranous. Involucral'bracts concealed

under the head or rarely 1 prominent. Nut tuber-

e . 53. F, capitata.

Mines mnsronate, "Involueral bracts sisse 1 to 3

Teer head. Nut smooth or . 54. F, Schultzii,

Sect stylis. d venia uE ies thi style has fallen but articulate

on the nut Am often at ler

nich ^ to 10 ina d ee Leaf-sheaths

at the orifice . 55. F, barbata,

Spikelets i ina Bret compound or simple umbel. Leaf-

sheaths not ciliate . 56. F. capillaris.

SECTION 1. HELEOCHAROIDES. ^ ak oe terminal. Glum

nina all round the rhachis, the lowest empty glume or Ve ees. d

bract like the others or rarely produced into a point or lamina as long

as the spikelet. Style-bulb normal

l. F. acicularis, R. Br. Prod. 226.—Stems tufted, filiform, 3 to 6

in. high, leafless exc cept the sheathing scales, but occa sionally inter-

mixed with tufts of 2 or 8 filiform leaves. Spikelets solitary, white, erect,

slightly compressed, 3 lines long or rather more, 1} line broa

imbricate all round but not numerous, oblong, almost acute, cartila-

gin nerveless pers the 1- or 3-nerved keel, the lowest 1 or 2

glumes empty and Stamen 1. us; branches 2.

ut bs Rightly compressed, marked with transverse raised wrinkles.

€ ustralica ect innæa, xxxviii. 384.

tralia, Land, F, Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n.

Queensland. i Pena River, Banks dj Solander ; Dunk Island, a Gillierag.

P. decumbens, Boockel. in Pei ta 1875, 710, from Lake Elphinstone, Amalia Dietrich,

is probably the same speci

S 2. F. acumina ata, Vahl; Kunth, Enum. ii. 221, var. setacea.—

tems slender, dense ely tufte d, 3 to 6 in. high, leafless except the

sheathing scales at the base but frequently intermixed with tuits of 2

fumes, the lowest 1 or 2 glumes empty. Stamens 3. Sty ‘le slightly

ed and ciliate ; branches 2. n obovate, qnie marked

sverse raised wrinkles s.— F. acuminata, B. minor, Beckel. in Linnza,

Tui 4; P setacea, Benth. in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 239.

d. Pen. Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey; Fitzroy River, O Shanesy ;

^ Bay, Dallachy

e typical F, ta has larger broader spikelets, the glumes more promi-

thew, keeled. It germinat Pod Vk Lidis; Ce ae and the Malayan Archipelago,

ustralian variety is at least in the kaipa

302 CXLIIT. CYPERACER. [ Fimbristylis.

F. nuda, Beckel. in Flora, 1875, 110, from Port Denison, Amalia Dieci with

aite spikelets would seem to be nearer "the typical form of F. acuminata

F, punc ren R. Br. Prod. 226. V CAPpArentT A santa or the

longer points. Stamens 2 or 3. Style venies ‘ciliate in the upper

part; branches 3, short. Nut broadly obovate, biconvex, whitish with

a few raised transverse ridges or wrinkles and minutely pitted all over.

Queensland. East een R. Brown.

the specimens examined there certainly were 3 M as describéd by

Brown, although the nut showed no trace of a third angle o

F, rhyticarya, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 215.—Stems from 8 or 9 in

: pM 1 ft. high, leafless except short rather loose sheathing scales

bas i

Stamens 3. Style flattened, ciliate ; branches 2. Nut ond hs

little compressed, marked with several raised transverse wrinkles.

F. acuminata, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 274, not of Vahl.

W. Australia. Victoria River and near Providence Hill, F. Mue

Queensland. Burdekin River, F. Miele: Rockingham am Bay, Dailey. lin

It is most probably this — that was referred to as F. schanotdes, Vahl,

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. Pref. 4

imbricate all round pey very deciduous, white or tipped with bro and

nerveless or showing a short central nerve at the tip, od br

obtuse in the remi ed oblong and gee ae in the narr e

about 4 outer ones shorter and em s3. Style flat, cilis :

branches 2. Nut slightly compressed, iie haked with trans"

raised wrinkles and minutely pitted.

V. Australia. Pcrt Darwin, Schultz, n. 320, the two forms sent together. bó

the typical ono the spikelets assume almost the shape of those of P. pterygosperm

A i

Fimbristylis.| CXLIII. CYPERACEZ. 308

in the narrow-spiked form they resemble those of F. punctata, but have not the E

mata obtuse points to the glumes, and the style-branches appear to be alwa;

Vahl; Kunth, Enum. ii. 221.— Stems tufted, intres ei

npe or perhaps sometimes nearly smooth. —Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxvii.

; R. Br. Prod. 226; F. Muell. Primi viii. 274.

N. Australia. Islands of w^ Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brow

ensland. Sandy Cape, R. Brown; Brisbane River, E Mueller ; Bailey ;

Dawson River, F. Mueller.

N New England, C. Stuart.

Extends over East India and the Malayan Archipelago to South China.

7. F. pauciflora, R. Br. Prod. 225. — Stems densely tufted,

filiform, 3 to 6 in. high or rarely more. Leaves few and filiform, or all

reduced to sheathing scales with scarcely any lamina. Spikelets

eredi , erect, very narrow-oblong, nearly white, about 2 lines long

line broad. Glumes few but imbricate all round and ve

deciduous, cartilaginous, acute, keeled, the sides veinless, the 2 ou

ae and more acuminate with the keel more or less distinctly

B-nerved. Stamen usually 1. Style not at all or scarcely ciliate;

branches 3, rarely Nut = oid-globular, 3-ribbed, tuberculate or

almost muricate,— F. filiformis, Kunth, Enum. ii. 221; Bockel. in

xxxvi. 23; F. visite Benth. in Hook. Lo nd. Journ. ii

239.

we ia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; near M'Adam

8e, F. Mueller ; Regent's and Hunter's Rivers, 4. me etel

Queens feusland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

NES in the Malayan Archipelago and peninsula. The plant closely resembles

d var. setacea of F, acuminata, but the spikelets are narrower and the -—

3 nuts quite differe: i Brow n describes the style as ec ciq Kunth

is ii. or body 2 2-fi in the specimens I have examined I bave found Xt

Sbranched, but I Lo A to belong to the same species.

S. F. cardiocarpa, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 194.—Stems tufted and

‘lender but rigid, 1 ft. high or more. Leaves much shorter, subulate,

304 CXLIII. CYPERACEX. [ Fimbristylis,

late, 4 to 5 lines long, $ to 2 lines diame ter. Gluines numerous,

o 3 lines e o

slightly podaci, the sides nerveless. Style slender, glabrous below

the branches; branches 2, ciliate. Nut small, obovoid almost

UN truncate, with 3 prominent ribs and minutely tubereu-

lat

N. Australia. UD Victoria River, F, Mueller.

9. F. lenpocoet, Benth = renee densely tufted, slender, 3 to 6

in. high, hirsute at the base. Leaves mostly s sho orter, wares

filiform, the persistent Shading bases mh and hyaline. Spikele

. Australia. "m Victoria River, F. Mueller. This species deri =

many respects the single-spikelet specimens of T e teet but appears to

sufficiently distinct in its foliage as well as in the glum

10.

ie sisal entum and only 2 or 3 in. high, but sometimes above

in. s much shorter, numerous, filiform, Spikelets so ary,

flattened but ra Asp 2. Nut obovate, bioomyes: dark-colo =

tuberculate.—Kunth, Enum 221; F. juncea, Beckel. in Lin

xxxvii, 4, partly, e probably in Scirpus junceus, Forst.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

Queensland. Mo: jer “ete ueller.

Also in a pae rien Archi yi ne Australian plant ng

std well with epe con eat) ‘identified wie d th and others, Le

Forster's species with ekeler Mida. A" ER Ta am

to this true F. juncea a plant gathered by Hinds in the Marquesas Islan

. F. androgyna, R Prod. 226.—Stems densely ie

Peara 6 to 10 in. high, DR iu except the sheathing scales. SP

Fimbristylis.) CXLIII. CYPERACER. 305

solitary, erect, narrow-lanceolate, pale coloured, about 4 lines long

and rather above 1 line diameter at the base. Glumes numerous,

mar

the lower flowers 2 or 3, in the upper ones deficient or here and n

a short filament. Style "lender, slightly ciliate; branches 2,

long in the upper female flowers. Nut obovate, biconvex, wh

tuberculate.

N. Australia. North coast, probably Arnhem Land, R. Brown,

12. F. subbulbosa, Benth.—Stems from a thick horizontal rhizome

numerous, thickened and bulb-like at the base, slender, often 12 ft,

ong. Leaves few narrow and short or almost reduced to sheathing

Scales, Spikelet solitary, erect, ovoid or Pb about 4 ane es d: an

2 lines broad when ful grown, light brown. umes numerous,

bricate all round, broadly Qvi obtuse or the keel slightly prominent

thin almost mem mbranous, 3 or 4 outer ones empty shorter and som

times more pointed. Stamens 3. Style flat, ciliate ; branches 2. Nus

obovate or oblong, biconvex, smooth in the specimens seen but not yet

ripe.

Queensland, Armitage; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

F.tetr na, R. Br. Prod. 226.—Stems 9 in. to a

having fallen away. Gl numerous, closely imbricate all round,

ume

oblong or rather broad, Tuy obtuse, very finely striate but otherwise

acrveless, thinly cartilaginous, 4 to 6 of the lower ones empty.

Stamens 3. Style flattened, ciliate; branches 2 or rarely 3.

Darrow-oblong, scarcely flattened, longitudinally striate and transversely -

Cancellate.—F, Muell. Fragm. i. 194, viii. 274 ; F. cylindrocarpa, Kunth,

UN ii. 222 ; Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxvii. 7. Trichelostylis ayroides,

; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. Pre

N. Austr. ustralia. Islands 2 the Gulf of ere F. Brown; Providence Hill

and Depot Creek, Upper Victoria River, F. Mi

Spreads over East India, age and the Malayan Archipelago.

14 F, trigastrocarya, F. Mue i, Fragm. i. 194.— Densely tufted,

*Pparently annual. Stems filiform , 4 to 8 in. high, minutely pubescent.

“Yes much shorter, filiform, with short open sheaths. Spikelet

qlitary, erect, ovoid or at length bigs apg pale-brown, 3 ^

306 CXLIIL CYPERACEX. [ Fimbristylis.

15. F. monandra, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 195.—Densely tufted and

apparently annual. Stems filiform, 4 to 8 in. high, glabrous or here

d there minutely pubescent. L uch shorter, numerous,

filiform. Spikelet solitary, erect, ovoid or oblong, brown, 3 to 4 lines

long, about 2 lines diameter. umes numerous, imbricate all round,

very deciduous, ovate-oblong, obtuse, membranous almost hyaline, the

branches or in some flowers abnormally :

Nut obovoid, prominently 3-ribbed, tuberculate, tapering into a shor

pes.

LImnnzsa, xxxviii,

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; South gai

Island, 4. Cunningham ; Sturt's Creek, Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller ;

Land, north coast, M‘Kinlay ; Port Darwin, Schultz, ». 790, 812.

long, brown. umes numerous, closely imbricate all round, b "

obovate or orbicular, obtuse, membranous almost hyali sho ter

eiliate, the midrib or keel slightly prominent and in the 1 or ? ost?

empty glumes produced into a short point. Stamen 1. Style

Fimbristylis. | OXLIII. CYPERACE JE. 307

but scarcely flattened; branches 3. Nut not seen ripe but showing 9

prominent ribs asin F. monandra.

N. Australia. Victoria River F. Muller ; Camden Harbour, Martin.

Queensland. Sunday Island, near Cape York, 4. Cunningham,

18. F. xyridis, R. Br. Prod. 226.—Stems slender but rigid, 1 to 1$

ft.high, pubescent at the base with short spreading hairs. Leaves rather

numerous at the base of the stem and some halfas long, flat and grass-

like, shortly ciliate, the outer ones with short open sheaths, the inner-

most with a long close sheath. Spikelets solitary, nodding but

to 5 lines long,

oblong, triquetrous, smooth but not seen quite ripe.—Beckel. in

æa, xxxviii. 389; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 274.

N. Australia. Islands and mainland of the Gulf of Carpentaria, . R. Brown ;

ia Land, N. coast, M‘Kinlay ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 16, 177, 813; between

orman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

Var. rigidula. Glumes wi j

th a prominent rigid midrib and the spikelet

ip larger, but not fully out in the only specimen seen.—Fitzroy Island,

er,

SECtroN IL ABILDGAARDIA.—Spikelets erect, solitary or few, flat

with distiehous glumes or narrow and spiral with 2 or 3 rows of glumes.

Style-buib normal; branches usually 3.

19. F. oxystachya, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 195.—Stems densely tufted,

slender, smooth, 4 in. to near 1 ft. high. Leaves much shorter, few and

lorm, the sheathing scales at the base of the stem often scarious.

Spikelet solitary, erect, oblong or narrow-lanceolate, slightly flattened,

Glumes i

mall. ns ;

pubescent; branches 3. Nut obovoid, stipitate, 3-ribbed, prominently

tuberculate

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller.

1 20. F. macrantha, Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 388.—Stems tufted,

^ 1i ft. high, slender but rigid and scabrous. Leaves yery much

Orter, narrow-linear or subulate. Spikelet solitary, erect, gue

ES.

308 CXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Fimbristylis,

linear, scarcely flattened, about $ in. long and 14 lines broad. Glumes

not very numerous, imbricate all round or irregularly spiral, scarcely

distichous, cartilaginous, the keel prominent and produced into a minute

erect point, the sides scarcely striate, the flowering ones scarcely 3

lines long, about 4 empty and gradually shorter and broader. _ Stamens

r3. Style dilated, ciliate; branches 3. Nut obovoid, stipitate, 3-

ribbed but somewhat compressed, tuberculate-punctate.

N. Australia. Victoria River. F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 789, 814.

hes 39. N z

ribbed, prominently tuberculate when quite ripe.— Abildgaardia sche-

noides, R. Br. Prod. 229.

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Victoria River, F. Mueller.

22, F. monostachya, Hassk. PL Jav. Rar. 61.—Rhizome sbort, -

zontal. Stems often thickened at the base, otherwise slender, from unde

1 ft. to lj ft. high. Leaves shorter, v narrow. Spikelet pec

erect, or rarely accompanied by a second or even a third pedicelli z ,

ovate or ovate-lanceolate, more or less flattened, pale or nearly white:

o J

: a

mise tubereulate or almost muricate —Abildgaardia monostachyt,

2135 River,

Queensland. East Coast, R. Brown; Port Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Burnet ! '

F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, 0' Shanesy, Thozet ; Herbert Creek, Bowman ; Briha?

River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt, C. Stuart. dé,

B one ng Wales. Paramatta, Woolls; New England, C. Stuart; Macleay

eckler,

à F.

The species extends over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World. to

Mueller, 1. c., unites with it the three preceding species which, however, appear

me to be constantly distinct in the shape and structure of their spikelets.

23. F. Drew. Benth.—Stems leafless except the sheathi

seales at the base, slender, 1 ft, high or rather ake: Spikelets 2 t

5, the central one sessile the others pedunculate. Involucrs aret-

bulate not always present but sometimes longer than the

Fimbristylis.] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 309

cence. Spikelets erect, ovate-lanceolate, very flat, pale brown, 4 to 5

lines long, 14 to 2 lines broad, 3- to 19-flowered. Glumes regularly

distichous, aeute with a short fine point, keeled, the sides rigidly mem-

branous, 1 or 2 outer empty ones shorter with longer points. Style-

branches 9. Nut not seen. MAY SEEN LA vaginata, R. Br. Prod.

N. Australia. Islands off the N. coast of Arnhem Land, R. Brown.

24. F. Dallachyi, F Muell. Herb.—A small tufted plant, appa-

rently annual. Stems slender, 3 to 4 in. high. Leaves much shorter,

rather numerous, narrow-linear but flat. Umbel simple, of 3 or 4

to En. Glumes very ag ie um fecal nations lanceo-

ate, acute, pr ominently keeled, the dn nerveless. Stamens 2 or 3.

Style slender shortly bulbous at the base, glabrous ; eko ut

obovoid, 3-ribbed, whitish, op out — Abildgaardia flmbristyleidos,

F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 273.

Queensland. Rockingham ga Dallachy. Very near the Indian ttem mir

fusca, Nees (A. fulvescens, Thw.), of which it may bea variety, differin

^ flatter and more regularly distichous spikelets ; the specimens are very few iim

t satisfactory,

- F. velata, R. Br. Prod. 227.—Small densely tufted pas

oa annual. Stems 3 to 6 in. high. Leaves oan shorte

inear or setaceous, usually pubescent at least on the shea 8, rarely

entirely glabrous. Umbel u sually compound and tether eek with

b :

f. Fl. N. Zel. i 272; P. d dichotoma, Hook. f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 303,

not of Vahl ; cues ipee R. Br. Prod. 227.

m Land, F. Mueller, including from South

Alligator Rens ae much shorter hairs at i base of the style.

N. Enun Era River vers, R. Brown ; Severn River, Leichhardt ;

310 CXLIII. CYPERACER. ( Fimbristylis.

Clarence River, Wilcox ; Richmond River, Mrs. Hodgkinson ; Havt Woilh ;

pick River, Dallachy y and iret ,Barcoo River, Howitt's Expedition

oria. Avon River, F. Mue

i unites ihe Anata ian pla nt with the East indi an F. squarrosa, ‘Val, w ide

vnde to me to be constantly 3 coe pe tapering into m

curved point, giving the spikelet a peculiar aspect. Boeckeler in Linn

xxxvii.

13, seems to haye inadvertently refiteed M Mitchell's specimens to a variety ol

F, dichotoma.

stivalis, Vahl; Kunth, Enum. . 226. — Densely tufted

or9 in. Leaves much ie: rather numerous, filiform, the eus

and often the whole leaf pubescent or hirsute. Umbel nearly sinh Y

compound, with filiform rays and pedicels. Involucral bracts i

form, slightly dilated at the base, 1 or 2 — than the infi E

or all shorter. Spikelets solitary on the rays or pedicels, of a "E

into a short point, 1 or 2 outer ones empty. Stamen 1 I (rely 23 »).

Style glabrous or slightly ciliate near the end; branche » pr

ovate, biconvex, smooth or under a strong lens aa reticula

—Dockel. in Linnea, xxxvii. 11; F. Muell. dde

lescens, Nees; Hook. f. Fl Tasm. Pref. 4

N. Aus . Near M'Adam Range, F.M eller. jy; Bock-

Queensland. Cape York k, MGillivray ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy >

hampton and neighbourhood, Bowman, 0’ oes

. S. Wal New England, C. Stua

Victoria, Ovens and Goulburn sae: F. Mueller.

lines

Var. ? macrostachya. Spikelets ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 to 3 pog iii: Hu

broad.—Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Russell River, Herd. F. Mue

ecies ranges over purer and subtropical Asia and the same or. a vay

aiii allied one is in Ameri

Hii ua annual. Praed To, a few ak to ‘pearly 1

aves shorter, rather numerous, very narrow linear but flat, us

glabrous or the sheaths slightly x ER Umbel nearly simple vol seat

pen but usually large, the longest rays $ tol in. Invo

; e

ong. Glumes imbricate all

very numerous, ovate, membranous, with a ve suu keel p^.

duced into a short erect point. Stamen 1. [^

xxxvi. 12; Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ fasts F

Muell. rus. i F. parviflora, R. Br. Prod. 22

Fimbristylis.] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 311

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

ueensland. Tarampa Creek, F. Mue ote Rockingham Bay, Dailachy ;

Herbert's Creek, Bowman ; iria n Bay, C.

N. S. Wales. Richmond Riv ver, €. bon; -Goli Leichhardt.

Extends over the warmer regions of both the New and the Old World.

28. F. depauperata, R. Br. Prod. 227.—A small slender annual.

Stems 4 to 6 in. high. Leaves numerous, very narrow but flat, the

a e

Umbel simple, of 3 or 4 slender rays 4 to

tole

E -d

imes a second shorter one. Spikelets ‘pale brown, ovate or arainn

ceolate, 2 lines long or rather more. Glumes iitibricate all round but

not very numerous, broadly ‘ideas acute, membranous, the keel slightly

prominent, the sides nerveles tamen l. Style ciliate except at

e base; branches 2. Nut roadly M Ai marked with

raised striæ and transversely cancella

N. Australia. Arnhem Land, north coast, R. Brown.

Sen F. "xay gy. F. Muell. Herb.—Tufted and i 4 ins per-

. s 1 to 14 ft. high, rather slender, striate aves much

shorter, jaan but fla t, the long sheaths usually hairy. Umbel com- '

D the rays numerous and slender, but the longest only 1 to 13

rrow, l o

lines long, about 2 lines broad. umes numerous, imbricate all

round but the spiral arrangement usually very conspicuous, broad, thin

but rather rigid and opaque, obtuse or very shortly mucronate, some-

times minutely powdery-pubescent, the keel prominent towards the

top, the sides smooth or minutely striate. Stamens 3. Style flat,

ciliate ; branches 2. ut obovate, biconvex, with rather thickened

margins, longitudinally striate and transversely cancellate.

p Australia. Upper Victoria River, F, Mueller. Allied to the East Indian

P. schenoides, Vahl, which, however, has only 1 to 3 spikelets to each stem.

,7,90. F. diphylla, Vahl, Enum. ii. 289.—Stems from a perennial

/ rhizome tufted, rather slender, often dés rasan i to lj ft. high,

^ s

most "ipi dra with the longer rays 1 to 3 in., or crowded. In-

leafy, 1 or 2 often exceeding the inflorescence. pike-

lets few or aie ean ovoid or oblong, usually brown and about 3 lines

and 13 lines broad. Glumes closely imbricate all round, broad,

rather rigid, shortly mucronate, the keel 1- or 3-nerved, a sides

Smooth. Stamen in the typical form 1, in some varieties 3. ee

flattened, ciliate; branches 2. Nut obovate, much com

bieonvex, whiti , distinctly stri F. va riabilis, R. Br.

312 CXLIII. CYPERACE®. [ Fimbristylis.

o 228; F. communis, Kunth, Enum. ii. 234; F. Muell. d ix.

qe polymorpha, Bockel. in Lin nna, XXXVI. 14; F. elongata an

suis R. Br. Prod. 228; F. gracilis, F. Meter and F. hifi

Nees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n. bs Bs 114, 117 (the two latter numbers West

ndian).

N. Australia. hem Land and Gulf of Foi n ey R. Brown ; Port Darwin,

= bed mgt au er ee River, F. M

Que a and Percy Taland, Jf livray ; Rockinghami be

Tues: : To aus DA Wu neighbourhood, Thozet, jill and others; MO

Bay, F. Mueller, Wigs and othe lls and

Prem to ” the Blue Mountains, &. Brown, Woo

: others ; New rand, e. Stu

Var. gracilis. Leaves very narrow, glumes more membranous and paler et

in the o form. Stamens "usually 8.—F. Pe ilis, R. Br. ede Brot n:

Spawn Nees (partly) Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. Pref. 48.—Keppel Bay, he western

Darlin Eves, Dallachy ; Central Australia, Giles. Some specimens from y e

interior of N. S. Wales appear intermediate between this and the typical form.

The species is comrnon in the warmer regions both of the New and the p y

extending into North America. The So uth European F. annua A Rom

united with it by Boeckeler, may however be specifically distin

31. F. ferruginea, Vahl ; Kunth, Enum.ii.236.— Perennial, gabe

aud smooth. Stems rigid, striate, often slightly compresse 1 horter

high. Leaves few, the narrow-linear lamina often erect anne ges

than the brown membranous sheath. Umbel simple or slighty htly

pound. Involucral bracts few, either all very short or 1 or 2 gy”

exceeding the inflorescence. 'Spikele elets few, rarely ind to d

or -aipa to about 12, dark or light brown, ale jH gros AS long

ing in size from 4 lines long and 1$ lines broad to ipta bs d

ieg fully 2 ihe broad. Glumes numerous, fat n nati a 2 hok

broadly ovate or almost orbieular, membranous with a rather less oF

prominent keel often produced into a short point, the oa ai i Style

tly striate, often minutely hoary-pubesce Stamen aves

ciliate; branches 2. Nut obovate, much psi uar but bico be

usually with a thickened margin, ing smooth or under a strong 16;

ad reed striate "o cancellate —Becke l. in Linnea, xxxi i

uell. Fragm. ix. . Prod. 228.

N. Australia. Near Providence Hill F. M s:

e% Bay, Dallachy ; oann. Thozet and 0

Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt. addi Ur

So e ster A Bay, Banks and Solander; Richmond ,

ar. foliatà. Leaves long though few and often only one, the Eo

ubescent. Spikelets large. —F. arvensis Aio Kunth, e z 237 ; i ME its

R Br . Prod. ; F. paucispieata, F. Muell. Fragm. i 197. Gulf of Springsure,

R. Brown ; Upper Victoria River, F. e: Bowen Downs, js reh ;

orld.

- The species is dispersed over the warmer regions of the New and the old W

;

Fimbristylis.] CXLIIL. CYPERACE®. .. 918

32. F. denudata, Br. Prod. 227.—Perennial and glabrous

Stems ome tufted, je. but rigid, 6 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, leaf.

less except short sheathing scales or very rarely intermixed with a ve

few long setaceous leaves. Umbels eaa of 3 to 6 s reek or one

of the lateral rays bearing 2 spikelets distant from other, the

branches or rays as well as the spikelets erect. Involuc oa ies short

and glumelike or rarely produced into a short point. Spikelets brown,

at first ovate-oblong and about 2 lines long, at length nearly cylindrical

and 3 to 5 lines, scarcely 1 line diameter. Glumes numerous,

imbricate all roun nd, ovate or oblong, obtuse or shortly mucro-

nate, the keel very prominent, the sides membranous. Stamens

or 3. Style flattened, ciliate; branches 2. Nut minute, obovate,

penar, smooth or under a strong lens slightly rugose —F. Muell.

IC 1X. 9.

tralia. Arnhem Land, N. coast, R. Brown ; Victoria River, F. Mueller ;

entm p peie and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

- F. elata, R. Br. Prod. 227.— Perennial, glabrous. Stems slender,

l to 1i ft. high, leafless except sheathing scales. Umbels slightly

compound, i rays not numerous, spreading, almost filiform, the lon

lto 2 in Involueral bracts small and glume-like. Spikele bis

Seu Men or at length oblong, 3 to 4 or even 5 lines long, pale

bro m. umes imbricate all round, ovate, obtuse, membranous, the

k very prominent but often 3-nerved. "Stamens 3. Style slender,

shortly rad branches 2. Nut minute, obovoid-globular, smooth,

ed.

N. Australia, que Land, North Coast, R. Brown.

. 94. F. ezespitosa, R. Br. Prod. 228.—Perennial. Stems 6 to 10

m. high, slender. Leaves very much shorter, rather numerous,

setaceous, Umbel l simple or slightly compound, the rays slender, 3 to

žin. long. Involueral bracts very short and glume-like. Spikelets

Ging or at length ovate-oblong, 2 to 3 lines long, nearly 1j lines broad.

‘ie, on each side in the lower glumes. Stameus

ar r, scarcely ciliate; branches 2. Nut minute, biconvex, pale or

coloured, smooth or under a strong lens minutely striate and

cancellate.— P. brachylena, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 199.

N. Austr rown; U

Victoria ie P Land and dut ot x Carpentaria, R. B pper

Queensland. H erbert River, enc rig

F. Mueller, F. denudata nih nri ien

s Uem o icd Na sam recti le w.

shaped Spikelets, and some other characters appear sufficiently to distinguish it.

Section IV. TRICHELOSTYLIS. pere few or ge ina c

°F compound umbel cluster or head rarely (in F. spiralis and F. lepto-

314 CXLII. CYPERACER. [ Fimbristylis.

clada) reduced to a single spikelet. Glumes imbricate all round the

rhachis. Style-bulb normal; branches 3 (except rarely in the

Glomerate). Nut various.

Serres I. Orreosracmyæ.—Spikelets few, occasionally solitary.

35. F. spiralis, R. Br. Prod. 226.— Apparently annual. Stems

filiform, 2 to 3 in. high. Leaves as long, numerous, — send

ort T€

N. Australia. Arnhem Bay, R. Brown,

36. F. subaristata, Benth—Apparently annual, glabrous. pr

slender, tufted, 3 to 4 in. high. s much shorter, numerous,

narrow-linear, spreading. Umbel simple, of few spreadin

y :

brown, 4 to 6 lines long, 13 to 2 lines diameter bris

nd, | late or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate-acute, the sides

long, very thinly membranous almost scarious and hyaline oD" 9

t l prominent and sometimes a faint nerve on each side 77 uy

lower ones shorter and e ty and often t ppermost e pty more

o Shanesy. D

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, glume

spills are something lke those of F. androgyna, but y2 or 3, the

acuminate and the style branches 3.

Fimbristylis.] CXLIIL CYPERACE X. 315

brown, 3 to 5 lines long, about 1 line broad. Glumes not numerous,

loosely imbricate all round, lanceolate, acuminate, with rather long fine

erect or slightly spreading points, the keel prominent and often minutely

iate, the sides scarious. amens usually 2. Style nearly glabrous ;

branches 3. Nut nearly globular, obscurely 3-angled, dark-coloured,

coarsely tuberculate.

N. Australia. Depot Creek, Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller,

Serres II. Porysracuy.x.—Spikelets usually numerous, in more or

less compound umbels, not clustered on the rays.

and those of the partial umbels often rather long. Spikelets broadly

ovate, pale brown, about 3 lines long and 2 lines broad. lumes

numerous, but rather loosely imbrieate all round, broad, rather acute,

"gid and obscurely 3-nerved in the centre, the broad sides thinly scarious

e m . Style slender, minutely ciliate; branches 3.

N ut obovoid-elavate, contracted into a long stipes, very prominently

3-ribbed, perfectly smooth.

. N. Australia, Depot Creek, Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller, a single specimen

in his herb,

0. F Solidifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 198.—Glabrous and perhaps

annual though 1 to li ft. high. Leaves few, narrow, erect, flat or nearly

terete, the longest sometimes as long as the stem. Umbels slightly

rhachis length ing the lower glumes fall away lumes nume-

the? imbricate all round but ve and distinct, obtuse,

Style nearly glabrous; branches 3. Nut narrow-

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.,

41. F. Obtusangula, P Muell. Fragm. i. 198. — Very closely

rien to F. solidifolia and perhaps a variety only. Stature the same.

es more numerous and shorter. Involucral very short, the

316 CXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Fimbristylis.

longest 3 to 5 lines ‘ong, — and almost pungent. Inflorescence pe

spike lets the ton Style flattened and more ciliate. Nut broadly

obovoid-elava

N. eka Depot Creek, Pisos Victoria River, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Bowen Downs, Bir

coun sometimes amit with the on ray about 1 Ai someting

above 6 in. long and very compound, the ultimate rays or pe

i readin

streak on each side, the margins pale, sometimes hyaline. oe c;

Style glabrous; branches 3. Nut small, obovoid, whitish, pe.

granular tuberculate or almost muricate.— Beeckel. in xs SC

43; F. Muell. regu ix. 12; Trichelostyles Kap ca Nees;

Fi. Sam Præf. 4

N. Australia. stb Victoria River and near M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller ;

tween yet and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver

Queensland. Backes. O Shanesy. but the

Common in tropical Asia, the Mascarene Islands and in tropical ane

Senegambian plant referred to it by J. D. Hooker is probably different.

. rara, R. Br. Prod. 227. — Apparently annual. un

angular, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves much shorter, few, the — sium i

sometimes all reduced to sheathing scales with short wp am soele

points. Umbel compound, rather loose, 2 to 4 in. bro m u n

slender. Involueral bracts very short. Spikelets IRONI ovoid

di er

5 ereu-

un glabrous; branches 3. Nut oroi 3-ribbed, ranular tub

te—F. t trachycarya, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 199. as

uan, north mae R. Brown, Kinlay ; Depot

ited by F. Mueller, Fragm. ix. with F. miliacea, E yi shapa dues

of the spikelets, and the sk eee of the glumes, appear to m cog

Laivayé fin find 3 stamens, whilst I have never seen more trast pi

specimens at least, of F. miliacea,

N. Australia Arnhem

Upper Victoria rao F. Muel

annual.

F. Muell. Fragm.i. 200. cuts ^ uh

Fimbristylis.] CXLIII. CYPERACEA. 317

slender, irregular, - very BUE - rays and "e ua filiform,

the longest r San to 2 arely 3 in. lon ng. Involucral bracts

sometimes slightly spreading, the keel very prominent and sometimes

slightly ciliate, especially in the outer ones, one only empty. Stamen 1.

«d nearly glabrous, rne 9. ut obovoid, whitish, with 3 pro-

n minent cei usually tuberculate.—F. Pie TF. Muell. Fragm. ix

» hot Br.

Que d. Port Desin, — "Boyd River and Dry-Beef Creek, Leich

hardt ; “Herbert's Creek, Bow: Rockham ampton and neighbourhood, Thozet,

O'Shanesy ; Springsure, Wuth

F. quinquangularis, , Enum. ii. 229.—Stems tufted,

nie slender, more or less dations 4- or 5:sglsd lft. high or more

smooth or ius hrous. Leaves sometimes near y as long, narrow, fla

flowered. Glumes lóóeely Ede all round, song mies or kati

mucronate, the broad keel prominent and usually with a = line on

each side, the sides ee wagers and the margins sometimes scarious.

Stamens 1 or 2 ( 3?). Style slender, nearly glabrous : beanie

a Nut A rA aa obtusely triquetrous, tuberculate.—Bæckel.

n Linnea, xx m 42; Trichelostyles quinquangularis, Nees; Hook. f.

Fl. Tasm. Pref. 4

N. Australia. = apa River, F. Mueller.

Common in East India ending to the Mascarene Islands. The

Specimens have paler mide than the Indian ones, but I can perceive no ide

difference,

ubul

Spikelets n. not clustere od, narrow, acu ute, proa: 2 to3 us Toe + to 2 3

broad, with 2 to 4 flowers. Glum imbricate all ro

lanceolate, acute, membranous, keeled, the ci ones a 2 lines

long, 2 or 3 outer empty ones Maren and 1 or 2 small empty on:

above the flowers. Stamens 3. S labrous or nearly so, the

bulbous base continuous and falling o vin asin the normal species ;

318 CXLIH. CYPERACER. [ Fimbristylis.

F. cinnamometorum, Kunth, Enum. ii. 229 ; (Beeckel. in Linnea, XXXVI.

35;) Abildgaardia cinnamometor Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 347;

} . 278, not of Nees; Fimbri-

stylis biflora, Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 393.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Providence Hill,

F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n, 658.

Queensland. Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

N. Wales. New England, €. Stuart ; Clarence River, Beckler.

Also in the East Indian Peninsula and in Ceylon. It was by some mistake, a

bably from misnamed specimens, as are frequent among our Indian Cy: T

Thwaites referred the Abildgaardia fusca, Nees, to A. cinnamometorum, inste: vari

the A. fulvescens, 'Thw. The F. cyperoides is anomalous in the genus rs i

flowers and the proportional number of empty glumes nearer that of Zehynehosporty

but the style and other characters are quite those of Fimbristylis.

Serms III. GLomeraT®Æ.—Spikelets more or less clustered on gi

rays of the umbel and always a central sessile cluster of 2 or eu

lieu of the ordinary single sessile central spikelet. Leaves usually

numerous. Style-branches usually 3, but sometimes 2.

7. F, farva, R. Br. Prod. 998.— Probably perennial, west

and not glaucous. Stems tufted, 4 to S in. high, slightly go

Leaves shorter, numerous, more or less spreading, linear, flat, 0 ü

flaccid, 1 to 14 lines broad. Umbel small and dense but ome

with few short rays, the spikelets mostly in clusters of 2 or 3 but so

^ : : ; in the

pornos into a point very short in the inner glumes, longer ! udi

ower ones with frequently a nerve on each side, the broad ME t

d smooth. Stamens 2 or 3. Style slender, ciliate

48. F. cymosa, R. Br. Prod. 228.—Perennial and QE.

Stems slender but rigid, 4 to 11 ft. high. Leaves much shorter, scii

rous at the base, narrow, erect, rigid and shining. Umbel comp fine

ts or laminz much shorter than the rays san

clusters of 2 or 3 with solitary ones intermixed, ovoid, 1 to 1i d

long, pale brown. Gl ot numerous, loosely imbricate

th ute or ac , t

obtuse. Stamens nsually 3. Style slender, not ciliate ; branches

Nut very small, acutely 3-angled, smooth or min utely granular.

Fimbristylis. | CXLIIL CYPERACER. 319

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria and Prince of Wales’ Islands,

R. Brown; Escape Cliffs, Hulse.

Some of Hulse’s specimens, apparently of the same'species, phi ^ rhachis of the

old kalos much lengthened, but all the lower glumes fallen

F. multifolia, Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxvii. 397.—Rhizome

slender but rigid, triquetrous or flattened, 1 to 13 ft. high. Leaves

DEI

ect

to)

Her

i?)

[1]

mad

Scarious margins. Stamens Style scarcely pubescent, very “lightly

bulbous at the base; branches 3 (or 2 ?), short. Nut ovoid-globular,

obtusely : angled whitish, minutely granular.

2 YE tun Oygnet Bay, N. W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Port Darwin, Schultz,

ger closely allied to th Indian F. juncifolia, Kunth, Selby se d Shea

which Bæckeler correctly includes F. chetorhiza, Nees, o ur plan ant differin

^ its longer “pel smaller spikelets, shorter glumes, etc,

50. F. sericea, R. Br. Prod. 228.—Rhizome or stock thick and

covered pra the remains of old leaf-sheaths. Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high,

r, striate, silky-pubescent or at length glabrous. —

much vere erowded at the base of the Men linear thick, 1 to 2

ito JEN E obtuse ilk: Léon on the underside and Skene

m l

- in little iei Mi of 3 Involueral bracts lanceolate: acumi-

si y-hairy, much rcl, than the rays. Spikelets about 2 lines

kg, with 2 or 3 perfect flowers. Glumes lanceolate or tag rela

pen Pree keeled, the sides nerveless, 2 outer ones

or 2 upper ones also empty. aioe: 3.

zu le very shortly stars ; branches 8 (or 2). Nut not seen.—Beckel.

in Linnea, xxxvii, 22.

N. il tg ju of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Upper Victoria River, F.

Mueller ; Port Darwin, Seats n. 602. m

s. reap refers to this spec e F. decora, Nees, Kunth, Enum. ii. 240, from

rally but d Java, in which es is t eed right. The Australian wo "Y:

Qe T aiey always 3 style-branches as described by Brown, whilst in th :

Beck: dd found only 2 inthe spikele ute examined, as described by Nees, Kunth, and

n macrostachya, Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 386.— Perennial,

ihe but glaucous. ‘tenes slightly ree or flattened, rigid,

: tlft. high. Leaves shorter or nearly as long, narrow, rigid, flat

* concave, with broad scarious sheaths truncate at the orifice. Spike-

316 CXLIII. CYPERACES. [ Fimbristylis.

lets large, in a pa cluster of 2 to 5, with 1 or 2 short lateral rays or

pedicels bearing each 1 or 2. Involucral bracts short and rigid, the

longest erect but Maple than the inflorescence. Spikelets oblong or

"Cea dirae 3 to 4 lines long, 12 to 2 lines diameter, pale brown.

l numerous, closely imbricate all round, broadly ovate, mu-

N. AAT init wo Schultz, n. 664.

52. Se gene F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 79.—Glabrous. Stems

} Leay es shorter, narrow, with broad searious

2 lines long. Stamens 3. Style slender, glabrous; branches 3.

clavate-pyriform, 3-angled, pale-coloured, ‘tuberculate.

N. S. Wales. In the interior, between the Darling and Barcoo Rivers, Nei ee

a Rome and the Barcoo, Birch. Very reagent — € À ;

53.

often 1 ft. hi a Leave es much shart er, few, linear, ‘with short oy

sheaths, or reduced to sheathing scales. Head of spikelets dense an

globular, 4 to 6 lines diameter, either terminal concealing the Y t

short. braet, or c eee lateral owing to the involueral bract contin

sometimes twice as long as the head, or t has

cence proliferous emitting a short branch with a secon -

Spikelets brown, ovate or oblong, 2 to 3 lines or han old 4 lines long

1$ to 2 lines broad. Glumes loosely imbricate in few rows, del

branous, rines ntly keeled, obtuse or minutely pointed, the si E

nerveless, 1 or sometimes 2 smal » outer ones empty. Stamens 3.

Style viae or nearly so, the basal dilatation very small ; branches 7

Nut eboriit- gelaies the angles not prominent, tuberculate—

halophora, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 196.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria and Fitzmaurice Sere F. Mueller.

Queensland Endeavour River, Banks and Solander

54. F. Schultzii, Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 391. —Stems tufted,

slender, 4 " E: i igh. Leaves much Face rather nume elets

narrow-linea flat, with short open sheaths, Head of spik Jn-

terminal, gl iaa ae, first hemispherical, 3 to 5 lines diameter: ^7

Fimbristylis. | CXLIII. CYPERACE. 321

seg bracts 4 or more, linear, spreading or reflexed, 1, 2 or some-

times 3 longer than the dem Spikelets tomm Gisle. ovate,

more or less flattened, 1$ to 3 lines long, about là lines broad.

Glumes not numerous, Load dlbéicsté, the Aie ‘keel produced

inito a short or long more or less recurved m the sides nerveless, thin

with scarious hyaline margins. Stamens 2 or 8, Style gla sou

branches 3. Nut obovoid, 3- ribbed, dinette goose or almos

smooth.—F. platystachys, Bæckel. in Li innæa, xxxviii. 3

N. Australia. Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, AU n. 96, 792.

wo numbers gathered by Schultz are distinguished as species by Beeckeler,

d the separation is apparently justified by the specimens in the Berlin herbarium,

but those of the Kew herbarium differ much less from each other, and F. Mueller's

Specimens are quite iniertiédinte in most respects. The length of the involucral

bracts and the ani of the glumes upon which the distinctions are chiefly fo —

are so variable, that I am unable to give tangible characters even for two dinde

varieties.

Section IV. OwcosrYLIs.—Spikelets capitate, umbellate, or in

m not Australian solitary. Glumes imbricate all round the rhachis.

Style-bulb articulate on the Duk but often persisting a long time

the fall of the & style.

I have followed Asa Gra ay in transferring this section from Scirpus (Isolepis) to

Fimbristylis, of which it has entirely the habit, as the Ae bulb, though persistent

al first, very frequently falls away at the maturit y of then:

55. F. barbata, Ben/h.— Apparently annual. Stems tufted, fili-

form,3 to 8 in. high. Leaves much shorter, filiform, the sheaths ‘loose

hai

o to 8 lines lon numerous, erect, loosely

imbricate, the prom usually ciae an e-coloured

keel produced. into in ipii recurved point, the sides E ki

of the style long persistent, but articulate on the nut and eire

filling away at maturity. — Scirpus’ barbatus, Rottb.; Bosckel: in.

e xxxvi. 751; Isolepis barbata, R. Br. Prod. 222; Kunth,

num, ii. 208; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 7.

ys. Australia. Gulf of Car R. Brown; Dampiers Archipelago,

Walcott; Depot Greek, Upper Vicborie Bi River, F. Mueller ; Pate Darwin, Schultz, n.

170, 211,

Queensland. Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;

parton o F Nus vig w Beef Creek, Leichhardt ; aces D Bowman ;

Bire.

N.S. Wales. CAE River, Wilcox

Central Australia. Between Alice Springs and Charlotte Waters, Giles.

Widely spread over the tropical regions of the Old World.

VOL. viz. y

322 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [ Fimoristylis.

56. F.capillaris, 4. Gray, Man. rip N: U.S. 5, 567.—~

Annual. Stems tufted, filiform, 3 to 9 in. high. on much

shorter, numerous, filiform. Umbel s pals or slightly compound, of

few short filiform m rays. Involueral der à smali and glume-like, orl

or 2 produced into a filiform point shorter than the MM

; um

and nerveless. Stamens 2 or 3. Style slender, apr si

iae 3. Nut small, obovoid, ee inently 3- angled, very o btuse,

juny pute falling off at A — scirpus er is, ae

ckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 759; Isolepis capillaris, Roem, et Sebult.;

Kunth, Enum. ii. 211; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 7.

Queensland. Rockingham m MM! Sandy Creek, Herb. F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond,

Widely spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Ri a and the Old

"World, extending into the more temperate districts of North Ameri

5. SCIRPUS, Linn.

(Isolepis, Br. ; Malacochzte, Nees.)

several usually many hermaphrodite flowers.

round the henna: a sami or the jet 1 get 2 “capt

Hypogynous bristles none or 3 to 8, ciliate with minute re

or flattened into plumose scales. Stamens 3, 2 or 1. led

more or less divided into 2 or 3 filiform stigmatic branches,

scarcely thickened, continuous with the nut and remaining as à "S nal

point or tubercle: ies “oe globular triquetrous OF flat.—

all an zt

- appress sheath with or without a short iani som

long. Inflorescence sometimes terminal with 2 or more uneq

involueral M as in Oyperus, more frequently more OF =

with one erect involucral bract continuing the stem S "

species m beak iibtesidihi the solitary terminal spikelet is sho

glume

us is truly cosmopolitan, thriving alike within the tropics and it, mae

Antarctic, and ex tly E bee: vati actually in Rot

in iti "Of the twent -three A i gesserint (t y these

four more are re und in = Zealand or South Africa or both, and one «nis

, the xag eleven belong also

Scirpus.) CXLIII. CYPERACEX. 323

Ihave a i Asa Gray and Boeckeler in NE Isolepis with Scirpus, for the

sole character by w which they are distinguished, the meis of the bristles in the

ormer, is variable in two or three species, and in other instances vea ap i

closely allied that Beckeler has united them as vi nales In the great jer ad

species however the charact ter is 80 constant and so frequently ees: ae by

ence in inflorescence, g the two groups sf least as

artificial sections. jw the other hand, Nees’ section or genus Oncostylis, retained by .

Bockeler in Scirpus, a appears to me to be much more naturally refe y Gray

alboa base of the m

to Fimbristylis, of which it has the inflorescence, and the b

although often long persistent on the nut, is s articulate with it, and often falls off

from the perfectly ripe fruit.

5 Scr. I. Is olepis.—No hypogynous bristles (except very rarely in 8. supinus).

oll o or slender plants (except the last few spe cies).

dg ES i in numerous dense heads, almost radical

of grass-like filiform involucral bracts . . 1. S. humillimus.

Spikelets 4 wlan Style-branches 2. Nut biconvex. z

Stamens usually 3,

Spikelet rej few-flowered, 1 to 2 lines long.

Stem or filiform rues 2a enit sed

PA ed .

Bpikalot ie pale-brown, under 2 lines long, 3- to

5-flowered . 4. S. lenticularis.

"rbi me, 2 to 4 lines long, many- -Howered, Nut

bicular, biconv iir ers centre only, the edge

S thicke 5. S. crassiusculus. -

pikelets solitary or ‘clas tered. 'Style-branches 2. N ut

ressed

vee. Stamens 2. Spikelet comp E

Spikelet e ian ovate si ind 2 . 6. S. brizoides.

Spikelets ser pera or rarely solitary, "narrow-oblong

-. 7. S. cyperoides,

Spikalete seit or cluster: small, 1 to 2 lines id

or olay or ng, qu or gain ^

branches 3 rarel

ently keeled.

obevold a tae or 3-ribbed;

dfe with longitudinal furrows, S pikelets

N 1 to3 í 8. S. setaceus,

ut very small, obtusely triquetrous ‘smooth. Spiko-

lets 1 to 3 9. S. riparius.

Nut Bonet ai triquetrous ' Spikelets solitary or

. 10. S. cartilagineus.

or 2, Spikelets clustered. Glumes

St with | long recurved points. Nut very narrow . . ll. S. squarrosus.

en 1. Spikelets usually chester, sometimes pro-

us. Glumes broad. Nut acutely ini aster 12. S. inundatus.

Sty Satai, above 2 lines ge oblong or

cluster, Nuls o. « . M. S. sipinns.

mee item agaa Spikelets

in dense clusters, Nuts smooth . . . . . 15. S, artiedafus, — .

324 CXLIIL. CYPERACEA. [Scirpus

Spikelets cy = very numerous in a dense globular

y lateral cl x po . 16. S. nodosus.

Szcrton IL. Euscirpus. Mijlkopniti bristles 3 to 8. Plants mostly tall and

stout.

maa ie emere lateral cl

Stems Style-bran ne Nut flat . . . . 17. S. debilis.

Stem acutely 3-angled. Style- branches 3.

Spikelets many, Glumes entir . 18. S. mucronatus,

Spikelets — 3. lama ted emarginate or |

2-lo . 19. S. pungens.

_ Spikelets i ina DE y terminal ‘simple or com-

pound irregular emi re lius

tevcbucrad bract very short, edi and rigid. Style-

ches :

Bristles filiform, with short reflexed cilia . 20. S. lacustris.

‘Bristles. or scales flattened, plumose ‘with lax j

21. S. littoralis. —

Ioschueral bracts several, ` unequal, leaflike. "Style-

Spikelets few "and la large (6 w T Mea Hypogynous 41:5; aiii

Spikeiete very numerous in a compound in flores-

ce 3 to. 4 lines long. La a al bristles

very sy kias capillary and flexu . . 28, S, polystachyus.

Secrtox I. IsorzPrs. —Hypogynous “bristles none or small amd

rare

The greater number of the Australian s small or slender, often anr ae

and very different in aspect from the large pena "deri but the two or as the

of the — d species assume the habit of the first two or three KEuscirp T2

times. Ipara in S. supinus, whilst they Vi occasionally very

or deficient in in 8. debilis

L. S. humillimus, Benth—A dwarf plant forming dense tufts wi

numerous small heads B spikelets, apparently radical at the ore se

grass-like linear-filiform ROM nets 1 to 2 in. long, the real $ yn

either unsens) ged or from it n. long, and . le afless below

inflorescence. Heads of spikelets 2 if 3 lines diameter, the depres ad

cluster je heads often 1. to 2 in. diameter. - Inyolue ral jedes seve

Glume : ad

oblong, rather obtuse, membranous with a dark centre formes.

slightly prominent keel towards the end. No hypogynous opel

Style-branches HA ts ut very small rather broad, triquetrous $r x

with a small —Iso acaulis, F. Muell. in Herb :

Han: Zeal,

Se ri N 1. 302 in obs., not of KTA

Scirpus. | CXLIII. CYPERACER. 325

distinct in many characters from. both. F. Muell. ix. 7, includes it n

oe Me LN (Cyperus pygmeus) from which rii appears to me to be

err

2. S. flui ans, Linn.; Beckel. in y nene xxxvi. 485.—Rhizomes

dra, unie when in water and floating in large masses with

tufts of 2 or 3 leaves at the nodes, when growing out of water the -

point or uberes D TEAS Ie. Fi. Germ m. t. 29 8; Loos Jluitans

p Beek . 221; Kunth, Enum. ii. 188; ae f. Fl.

N. S. Wales. vidi Jackson, R. ice Woolls ; New England, C. Stuart.

^ Victoria, E pH unt William à.

.. Tasmania, Abundant in riv tdm A pools throughout the island, J. D.

Hooker,

Australia. Tamunda, F. Mueller ; Macclesfield, Blandowski.

Var. terrestris, F. Muell. Stems tufted, the rhizome scarcely developed. Spike-

lets fully 2 2 lines long, with rather more phen than in the typical form.—Zsolepis

Kenticularis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 86, t. 145, not of R. Brown.—Near Mount

on, F. Mueller ; near Mount William, Sullivan; near Formosa, Gunn ; South

Esk River, €, Stuart

Var. microstachya. Rhizome leaves and STUEN h as in n the typical form, bad more

capillary, Spikelet scarcely 1 line long.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, C. Moore

Victoria. Upper Robinson and Yarra Rivers , F. Muel

W. Australia: Drummond, n. 322, 362; Tweed River, "Oldfield,

W A pecies is spread over the tropical and temperate regions of the Old

9. S. arenarius, Benth—A dwarf rather rigid plant, the stems

lonely tufted on a DA but slender creeping rhizome, 1 to 2 in. high,

lale except a rather loose brown sheath oblique at the orifice, with a

very short erect obtuse lamina. Spikelet solitary, terminal, erect or ob-

lique, ovate, 1 to 1} lines long, usually dark brown, 10- to '16-flowered.

Glumes short and br oad, almost orbieular, concave, obtuse, no

striate, very obscurely keeled towards the end, the empty one or

subtending bract erect but not very different from the others, rarely

rodu = a short point. No maii a haic fa

hes 2. Nutorbicular, white, biconvex, the terminal poini

ingly mi nute,

326 CXLIII. CYPERACEZX. [Scirpus

oria. Wet sands, Wilson’ p potiti F. Mueller.

W. Australia, Drummond, n wm

Var? setiformis. Stems E de ensely tufted, leaf-sheaths with a sien

point o of 2 to 4 lines.—Mount Barker, W. Aastralia, Oldfield, Perhaps a distinct

cies.

S. lenticularis, pron. pri i tig —Stems filiform, ae 3 A

high, Leaves shorter, 1 on each stem but numerous in t a ear,

Spikelet solitary, lateral but erect, ie oes, bract eret t E ,

2 to 3 ign long and rather broad, the spikelet oblong or ovate, vate-

lin with only 3 to 5 flowers, Glumes ovate acuminate or OY ous

hnooolis ey imbricate, Siue Maey pure No hypogy®

bri Sta s 2 or lo-bránch es 2. ut oval, naria

long as the iae biconvex, OR pale-coloured.— fsolepis (e?

; R. Br. Prod. 2

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown.

9. S.crassiusculus, Hook. f.—Rhizome — creeping ard

rooting at the nodes or "elongated under water, not so slender as

Stem 3to 5 in. long. Spikelet solitary, terminal, pale brown or Lyc

ish, ovate, 3 to 4 lines long, usually wit twice as many flowers

euen

3. Katae page 2. Nut very fiat, ipari orbicular, o dd

biconvex in the centre, pom towards the margin and there ÁN

into an obtuse edge, t the te minal Pss rue long.—Isolepis cras

cula, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 86. t. 1

Victoria. Haidinger Range and Munyong Mountains, F, Muel

Arthur rma and Mount Wellington, Gunn ; teras of the Der-

went, Lake St. Clair, Gulliver.

s E

brown, 2 to 3 lines long, 1} to 2 lines en ani Bas a ml

i s imbrieate all vcely

t Ea rows, broader than in S. bem the keel jer i

| cheese 9 hypogynous brist jon enum 2. Style-bran

ut iste i. fiat or slightly biconvex.

s ME buts frs th Drummond, n. 919; Vasse ever, 1 Oldfee a

near

ahaa ae cte ah: quae show appears distinet

7. S. cyperoides, Spreng, i. 208.—Stems tufted, usually 9?

6 in. high, with a single ^an inde much shorter than the atom

ets in a cluster of 3 to 6, at

first termmal but usually ae al

one side by the longer erect invol ucral bract sometimes } to 1 ™-

Scirpus. ] CXLIII. CYPERACES. . 827

the second bract much shorter, rarely the spikelet solitary and lateral,

shorter than the involucral bract. Spikelets i tsp tag te, 3 to

ue Jo ong, r rath ner more than 1 ine | road, m r less flattened.

striate, often brown. N Man ogynous bristles. Stamens 2. sy e-

a Nut brown, flat or biconvex.—Zsolepis cyperoides, R. Br.

Australia. g George's Sound and neighbouring districts, R. Brown,

Drummond, n. 43 tan 920, Oldfield, F. Mueller.

8. S. setaceus, Linn.; Bockel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 500 partly.—

Stems tufted, filiform or subulate, mostly 1 to 3 in. but sometimes 6

to 8 in. long. Leav ves et short and filiform. Spikelets solitary or

gynous bristles

Stamens 3, rarely 2. Stvle-branches 3. small, globular or obo-

Void, more or less distinctly 3-ribbed and marked by longitudinal strize

or furrows ——Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 301; Isolepis setacea, R. r. Prod,

Se ‘Kunth, Enum. ii. 193; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 88; T. multicaulis,

hlecht. Linnea, xx. 562.

EE ^a Wales. Macleay River, Beckler ; Clarence River, Wileoz ; New England,

E a. Snowy Mi F. Mueller, near mount William, Sullivan, -

S. : _ Near enquite, Mme Lime en u^ ao €

arossa Range, Behr. I have n these — but

Schl

Mochtendahl expressly describes the pats of the fas 8. setaceus

Australia. Sti

dis Pical form, "mig confounded with S. eater has been satisfactorily identi-

e; f the Old World, ay extratropical regions in the

orn as well as in "the northern hemisph:

E 9. S. ri riparius, Spr preng. Syst. i. 208.— Very closely allied to. S.

ao and referred to it as a variety by Beckeler, differing only in

m nut, which is smooth or minutely cene s up the prominent

ne and furrows of S. — It varies much in form, sometimes

eus

ien 9r more fednéitly i in i Australis an specimens with a

; the back ye very convex or obtusely angled but these eet pass so

Teng į iy one into another as to make it very difficult to sort the speci-

ror nto distinct varieties. The nut is always nee e. never so

ety 3-angled as in S. cartilagineus.—Jso riparia, r.

e; p 22; Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 74; Hook. £. Fl. Tasm. i. 89, t. 145,

Saviana, Schult. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 193; Hook. f. l.c. ii. 88;

MPO"

328 CXLIII. CYPERACE £. | Securpus

Scirpus setaceus, var. Boeckel. in — xxxvi. 502 ; S. Savt, Mn

Syst. i. 207; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ ; Isolepis sonal Nees 1n

Pl. Preiss. ii. 75 (according to Bosker

- Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, and dois from thence also, Sieber

P slih 2

Victoria. Wendu V Robertson ; Wimmera, Dallachy ; Murray River. F.

Mueller, and numerous fe di localities, F. Mueiler and oth MB"

asmania. Kent's Group, Bass’s Straits, R. Broun: abundant i in wet places,

D. Hooker and others.

aek fatte a i Mom t Lofty, Bethanie, etc., F. Muell

mmond, n. 361; Preiss, n. 1729 (ah filiform stems 10 in.

Bak recie River Oldfield.

The species is Pene over the New as well as the Old World, chiefly however

without the trop

ea gi preng. Syst. i. 208.—Stems slender, quo

^ti, Suda tufted, 1 say 1 to 3 in. but atti at least tw!

as high.

eaten much shorter ew or all reduced to

point minute or obsolete.— Isolepis "Pe n Dr us.

223. Ne in Pl. Preiss. ii. 73; Hook. f. Fl. Tas 88. 6 om

Fs | Recent Schult.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 194; cirpus Bergons in Pl.

Pen i 14 ; Eai in in Linnea, xxxvi. 693; Isolepis €— Nees

iss

; ller ;

Victoria. Yarra River, F, pes Adamson ; Cobberas Mountains, F. Mw

Wimmera and Murray Rivers, Dallach

‘ d

Kent's group, Bass’s Straits, R Brown; abundant in sandy a”

moist places, J. D. en ooker. ia AF

i Australia. ugle and Lofty Ranges, Gawlertown, Mount Torrens,

D land, È

. Australia. oe Aera Sound to Swan River and Rottenest in dE

pec de Sal O18, Tres a 1738, , LTAL, 1742, 1143, 1751, 178

ale-

Var. alpina. Stems and lea ther sto fu rather larger, D*

coloured. Iioipi qued "Hook. f. Fl Fl. asm. sont i, t MB B. Scirpus G me

Linnea, xxxvi, 493. iiine. Bogs, Lake St. Clair, Arthurs TA

in Nanik, Gs 2 and others;

t not quite 50

Snowy Mountains, Victoria, F. nme! the same variety but not q

el less

Var. propinqua. Spikelets frequently solitary. Glumes more obtuse, wer - Nat.

spe Nut rather shorter and and broader -—ALsolepis propinqua, Nees Pa several

i, vi. 46, not of R. Br, To this belong Preiss’s n. 1744, 1746

Scirpus. | CXLIII. CYPERACEX. 339

other West Australian specimens, and ty eri dia also Sieber's specimens, Agros-

totheca n. 20, which however may not be Australian

. Nees describes his J. notata. as monandrous, but, " a dr 8 specimen’s both 1751

and 1752, I have found 3 stamens or in one flower

Some specimens from Victoria, F. Mue ller, in Herb. Kew., without the jm

station, have usually more than 6 spikele ets in the cluster and the

of un glumes longer and slightly recurved, but they appear to belong A "this

specie

n S. Bergianus, correctly identified with the S. cartilagineus, is tales in South

eee and in New Zealand.

1. S. squarrosus, Linn.; Bockel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 734, var.

Dietrichia. —Stems slender, tufted, 3 to 6 in . high or rarely more.

Leaves Shorter, setaceous. Spi plots 3 to 6 to ether in a vpn

usually 1 to 2 in. long, the others much shorter. dare ts Gott:

conical, 1$ to 2 lines long or at length rather elongated with the lower

S'umes very deciduous so as to appear pedicellate. Glumes very

mo 3 branches 2 or 3. Nut i e Australian variety very oris

t linear, slightly compressed. parr cirpus Dietrichie, Beckel.

Flora, 1875, 109 (from the char. given).

ustralia. In the interior, lat 179 50’, M* Dougal Stuart’ s Apu

Somn Rockhampton, Amalia Dietrich, if correctly identified.

4 The ilpecis (Isolepis squarrosa, ation. et Schult.; Kunth, Enum 202), extends

Bide pical Asia and Africa, but the nut is there usually Budd and shorter

inour A rien 8 Hs

r one more frequently subulate and longer than the cluster,

attaining 3 in, T ovate-oblong, rather acute, rarely

lumes

striate ‘et a peas keel produced into a short point, the si

i rarely E coloured throughout, end then often dotted.

ous bristles, St tamens always 1 only and very frequently the ent

persistent at the back of the nut. Style-branches 3; rarely 2. Nut

ad, equally and prominently 3-angled or more or less

d, smooth, the terminal point minute,—Isolepis inundata and

& Ta ndun, R. Br. Prod. 222; dm Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 87,

144, not of R; Br. ; 2, conspersa in Endl. Prod. Pl. Norf. 23°;

330 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [Seirpus.

I. Gaudichaudiana, Kunth, Enum. ii. 201 ; Z. Urvillei and I. Gunnit,

Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 94; Seirpus conspersus (partly), S. Urvillei, 8.

costatus, (partly) and S. Gaudichaudii, Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 505,

510, 511.

= Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Muell a east

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, C. C. Mo oore, Woolls an ca y

ofhers ; New ree] C. Stuart, C. Moore ; Richmond River, Faweett ; ; Hastings

River, C ae Jacket

Victoria. Yarra River, F. Mueller; Dandenong Ranges, Lachmann ; Red Jac

Creek, Ginger

Tasmani Ab

undant in wet places, sometimes also under water or in dry place

J. D. Hooker..

S. Australia. Bethanie and Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller.

ar. floribundus. Stems densely tnos, scarcely exceeding 2 in. Spikelets rain

16 or e A Oe, in dense heads of 3 to 3} line ania one bract sometimes

long and rigid.— Upper Loddon River, F. Mu ler

The species is also in New Zealand and in Norfolk Island. The various forms it

assumes have been well alluded to by Hooker, 1.c., but in the large n umber of 7 ne

mens now before me I am unable to sort them into distinct varieties, as most o

ths, etc. “hing coche Nees is said by him to be Seimis ne ai hroug

inadvertence, 1 find only one stamen in ee 8 specimens, as in all those ose Í have

amined of the numerous forms of S. inundat

gw ; ;

sheathing scale oblique at the orifice. Spikelets several, often serh t :

rmina. ter or hea P which is often caput emitting

diis a branches of } to 2 in. termina in a small the

spikelets. Involucral br Ee short and siii a concealed under es

cluster, b pota ee phong, 2 to 4 lines long, pale coloured, uu n

ovate, obtus riate, but marked with longitudinal €

Style a hypogyn nous G, Stamens usually if not alway?

very small.—Bæckel. in Linnea, —

692 ; Isolepis prolifera, R. Br. E. 223 ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 201.

WN. S. t

ger Won New Sage, mo, SG, At oo ono

Brown thinks may have been introduced into NS S Wales. s.

14. S, supinus, lm: n Tos var

B and y.—Stems ackel. in Linnea, xxxvi

t erect and continuous

Scirpus. ] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 331

stem often 2 in. long and only slightly dilated at the base. Spikelets

oblong, 2 to 4 lines lon ng. umes prominently keeled, acute or the

dios

Reichb. Ie. Fl. Ger . t. 302: Isolepis few R. Br. Prod. 21;

Kunth, Enum. ii. 196; F. Muell. Fragm. ix.

CA OA e om Bay, & Br ger ian River, Bailey.

Wal Nepean Rive 2

PURA Lako Lalbert, F. "Me

Cus i spread over the tropical and yr regions of the Old World, more

in the southern states of North Amer

5. S, articulatus s Linn.; Beckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 702.—Stems

terete, tige more or less distinctly spe inside so as to appear

articulat 20r 3 in. to 2 ft. high. Spikelets numerous in a dense

lateral mad the involucral bract erect na continuous with the stem,

precisely like it and often as lon r longer than the true stem.

Spikelets ovoid or oblong, 3 to 6 lines long, 2 lines diameter at the base

Ee rarely few and minute. Stamens 3. Style-branches 3.

Nut sana and acutely 3-angled.— /solepis articulata, Nees;

Kunth, Enum. ‘ii, 198; 1. prelongata, Nees; Kunth, l. e. 199; F.

ragm. ix. 6.

N. Australia, Mouth of Victoria s F. Mueller.

Queensland. Near Roc ockhampton, Thozet.

Common in tropical Asia and Africa.

/^ 16. S, em, Rottb. Deser. et Ic. Pl. 52, t. 8, f. 3.—Rhizome

he Ping. Stems rigid, rush-like, terete or slightly flattened, 1 to 3 ft.

igh, leafless emn ~ sheathing scales at the base. Spikelets s small

ume i

ü ely nerved, the keel scarcely prominent. ypo -

Pts but the torus slightly pééduded within Aen stamens into a minutely

‘cothed disk approaching that of Ficinia: Style-branches 3. Nut

Ms broad, smooth and shining, the jno “face fiat, "o M more or

ap distinctly a ee in es " sone

nodosa; R. Br. Prod. 221; Kunth, Enum. ii wr Mee

u. 73 ; a f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 87; Rich, p. Peel F. Muell.

Fragm. ix.

332 CXLIII, CYPERACE JE. [ Scirpus.

JN. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, Agrastathatil, 1.29, and other;

Richmond River, Mrs. "aine ; Clarence River, Wilcox; Tweed River, » Guilfoy ?

Lord Howe's em Fullaga

Victori hilip, Gum, Adamson ; Portland and Emu Creek, Robertson. p

Tasmania. Brown ; common n on the sand hills of the northern shore, J.

Hooker, Vin-

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown; Encounter Bay, Wilhelmi; St.

cent’s pos T rice D

W.A ia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, F. Mueller ; Swan River, ind

inond, lst rd Does n. 38b Preiss, n. 1810; Gordon and Murchison Rivers, Oldfie

ae macrostachya. Spikelets at length 4 or 65 i long. Glumes acute OT

nate.—Murchison River, Oldfield ; Buffalo, Prie

ET species is also in New Zealand, South ind and extratropical South

Section II. Evsctrrvs.—Hypogynous bristles 3 to 8, very rarely

deficient in some individuals.

The first three Lagos have nearly the habit of the last two or three of the set tof qr

Isolepis, the others all tall and stout. The S. acicularis, with the habi acters of

goose slender satin: ‘of Heleocharis or Fimbristylis, but with the charac

tem

uscirpus, 80 common in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, has not

yet been found in Australia.

17. S. debilis, Pursh; Kunth,» Enum. ii. — Very uj

allied T S. supinus, and referred to it as a Bodo. by Boeckeler, ^

Dy,

£5

[e]

ae |

mÓ

—

branches 2. Nut muc flattened, minutely rugose or dotted in In em

and Ameriean ——es almo muricate in the Australian ned

examined.—$S. juncoides, Roxb.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 160; S. supe

var. B. and y. Beeckel. in Linnza, xxxvi. 700, 701

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Gainsford, Bowman. "

Also in East India and North America,

uod, war neranatas, Linn; Kunth, Baum. i 101-—St St

» very acutely 3-angle 1 "to 3 ft. ju h, ur rasgos t

ing scales at the base, the innermost due at tim oa M e

short point. Spikelets rather numerous, in a dense rad sessile CU*.

ter; the erect involucral brac perfectly continuous with the pe eg lines

lto 2 in. long. Spikelets Mroskeblong, 4 to 6 lines long, 2 » T

oc pale brown. Glumes ovate, concave, obtuse or almost "often

membranous, more or less striate, the keel prominent and

Scirpus. j OXLIIT. CYPERACER. 333

green in the upper part. Hypogynous bristles 6 or fewer, usually

longer than the nut. Style-branches 3. Nut rather eme generally

dark eoloured, the broad inner face flat, the back convex or angled.—R.

r. Prod. 223 ; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. 303; Bockel. in Titulo xxxvi,

703; F. Muell. dac ix. 8.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, C. Stuart, “ergy

Datntree i Fitzalan; ; Burnett River, F. Mueller ; Rockingham Bay, Dallac

N. S. W. Paterson: River, R. Brown ; Claren nce River, Beckler, "di

Tweed River, ‘Bilin: Richmond River, JFoolis.

Also in tropical and temperate Asia and in Europe.

"d face ven the back convex or "with a prominent di ie a in

nna, xxxvi 708; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. x. 304; F. Muell. Fra

oe &. triqueter, R. Br. Prod. 228 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 89, not of

Vict Near Mount Emu, Lake Colac, Hopkins River, etc.; F. Mueller ;

mouth of th the Glenelg, Allitt.

asmania. Derwent River, R. Brown; near Hobarton, Gunn; Macquarrie

Torrens River and Crystal Brook, F, Mueller; Port Lincoln,

. Australia. Drummond, 4th coll. n, 359.

NS nanus. Stems 2 Leaves almost radical. Spikelets small and

Ty.—Lake Colac, F. rodea died rather a starved state than a varie

And. ar. è longisetis, Bristles much aree than the nut.—Lake Eyre, South Australia,

M" The spikelets spear 3 o be several imbricate in a Penpoud d indie

* of $ in., but the single specimen insufficient for accurate

The Species is also in New nemi in extra-tropical North and South America, and

of the western Mediterranean r »

d INC T TU os as a te Enum. ii 164.—Stems stout, 3

hé. high, terete or obtusely triquetrous at the mer leafless except

: d lots sheathing scale sometimes continued into a short erect

lamina, Spikel

irre 1

ing lateral, but the erect involucral bract Meaning: the stem usually

much naka than the inflorescence, nearly teret on the

334 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [Scirpus.

inner side and dilated at the base. Spikelets ovoid and about 4 lines

long or at length oblong-cylindrical and in. long, brown coloured.

tipped with a small point or tubercle.— Boeckel. in Linnza, XXXVI. 712;

i Br. Prod. 223; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. x. 306; F. Muell. Fragm. 15.

aasad. Port Denison, Fitzalan; Barcoo Downs, Birch; Rockhan p

Zet,

-S. Wales. Port Jackson and Hunter's River, R. Brown; New England, 0

Stuart ; Richmond River, Woolls, ller ;

Skipton Wi aM River, Robertson; Port Phillip, Gun»; Yarra, F. Mua

asmania. Derwent River, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Port Adelaide, F. Mueller.

W. Australia iver, Preiss, n. 1872; Murchison River, Oldfield.

Extends over both the New and the Old World, chiefly in extra-tropical regions

21. S. littoralis, Schrad.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 166.—A tall su

species, with the habit and inflorescence of S. lacustris. Stems —-

or 3-angled towards the apex, 2 to 5 ft. high, leafless except the —

ing scales at the base often ending in short erect lamin. [ort

looser and less compound than in S. lacustris, with fewer spikelets =

us ikelets oblong or cylindrical, often above 4 i long wi

full grown and about 2 lines Pincus Glumes broad, scarious, often

pale coloured, entire or sii ly emarginate. nous bristles

ules 4 o or 6, much flattened, plumose with soft rather p

hairs d pwards. Stamens usually 3. Style-branches ae, hb

broad, much flattened, tipped by a small point or tubercl Reic d

LG ; F. Muell. Fragm. i umosus, È Br. Fro

m. 1X. 7. 3.9 ate E

223 3 S. triqueter, Gren. et Godr. Fl. Fr. iii. 373 ; Boeckel. in Linn,

xxxvi. 716, not of Linn.; Malacochete littoralis, Nees.

N. Australia. Gulf of C. i , ; Victoria Biv

X Made; Roper Rivet, Oulton Pm Mules wart

ene Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, C. Sivan

N.S. Wales. Paramatta, Woolls.

i esie Mediterranean region, at least I am unable to detect any diff their

in i from the two distant areas. Grenier and ile OY gs

interpretation of ko Linnean re this

1 y the specimen in his herbari the

hib he refers, proves to have been susur ag Pale by Kunth and others

ce described by Grenier and Godron under the name of S. Pollichii, the oes

character | two species derived from the hypogynous

or scales was overlooked both by Linnzus and by Schrader.

Beirpus.] CXLIIL CYPERACEX. 335

22. S. marit , Linn.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 167.—Rhizome creep-

ing, often keien into hard tubers. Stems 1 to 3 ft. high, trique-

cluster. Involueral bracts few, the lowest long lea afy and erect, ap-

E ontinning the stem, the others short or 1 or 2 of them lo ong

eatli i

nous bristles 6 or fewer, mostly yide than then Stamens 2 or 3.

Style-branches 3 or r rarely 2. Nut in the typical "to broad, —

black when ripe, the inner face flat. or nearly so, the back convex or

obtusely angled —Beckel. in Linnea, xxxvi. 722 ; R. Br. Prod. 294;

ook, f. ES ovg ii. 89; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 8; Reichb. Te. Fl.

p Queensland. East coast, R. Brown; Port Molle, ict ad OM Creek,

prepa Condamine River, Leichhardt ; Brisbane River, — C. Stuart,

- S. Wales. Port Jackson, A. Brown; Paramatta and Ri ced. Woolls ;

Victoria, Yarra Riv. ver, Adamson, F. Mueller, Lake Colac, F. Mueller

asmania. Abundant in salt and brackish marshes , J. D. Hooker

S. Australia. Bethanie, F, Mueller

w Australia. Swan River, Drummond, n, 936; Murchison River, Oldfield ;

more Jiwwiatilis, Stem 3 to 5 ft. high, acutely 3-angled. Involucre and inflorescence

nom de veloped than in the Lies Lm Nut equ. y iava us.—S. fluviatilis,

and Tay; F. Muell. (ini To this variety belong most of the Queensland

N. S. Wales spec Bin dios gil es Brown's, from Port Jackson, which he

Suishes as var. 8 from his typical Queensland specimens. Some from the lower

any obertson's Victoria specimens are said to be 5 ft. high, Eu i s stems ub stout

i © nuts variable, usually as it were intermediate between 0 common forms.

Old Mel xtends over the tropical and temperate regions both. of the New and the

3 i Polystachyus, F. Mut. in Md Phil. Soc. Vict, i. 108, m.

long as or longer than the stem. Umbel large loose and hse.

E raap ies rather slender rays, the longest 3 or 4 in. long. Spikelets

oblo red on the partial rays or distinctly but shortly pedicellate, OUR!

ob ng, 3 to 4 ae long, and 1} to near 2 lines diameter. Glum

T6 gynous bristles about M c: slender and flexuose,

tie tee "s the nut. Style-branches 3. Nut broad, the

k convex or obtusely angled.

336 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [Seirpus.

N. S. Wales. Clarence River, Wilcox ; Mount Mitchell, Beckler.

Victoria. Lake Omeo, Hume, Mitta Mitta and Snowy Rivers, F. Mueller.

habit o

This species has the peculiar hypogynous bristles da ptem. of the

the European S. radicans, Schkuhr, but appears to be quite distinct in the larger

more clustered spikelets and some other characters

6. LIPOCARPHA, R. Br.

Spikelets in a terminal cluster or head, with numerous heran

dite lowers, Glumes imbrieate all round the rhachis, the lowest

rar

as or longer than the nut and enclosing it. Stamens 1 or2 o:

3?). Style deciduous, slender, with 2 or 3 drums praca

oblong, somewhat compressed, Lads or crowned very 8 eo

sistent base of the style.—Annuals or perennials, the stems leaty

the base only. Percent few, dE sessile. eko bracts leaflik

narrow unequal, sprea

ld.

A small genus spread over the tropical regions of the New and the he ou Woi

Both the Australian species are also in the -Malayan Archipelago, and one

ag a very wide tropic ical range.

` In the Age Hongkongensis, misled by the approximation of the genus Hy um

tanists t ‘a

Ae Kyllinga and by others to Lio irum I described the flowers 85

flowered fe os besar: in heads resembling spikelets, but a closer rpn

= really ami — to n rid (Dolpi), o and one gara

wi e

: AG. The two h H ry respect

Outer scales or bracteol at Hyp Aeg je Sud be sii in every number,

with the scales of Fui E Hanas rpha, and of Faama Torak s, differing inn lis.

usually 1 in Hemicarpha, 2 in Lipocar. pha, 3in Fuirena, und 4 in Scirpus ittore

Usually perennial, often above 1 ft., with linear leaves. ii

Glumes spathulate or broadly cuneate, prender eMe 1, L. argen

ual, x 6 in., with filiform Glum w, hala.

preading points oc u . 2, L. miroo

l. L. argentea, Br. App. Tuck. Congo, 40.—Stem s from

erennial rhizome. Fok 1 to 1} ft. Leaves much eei ie

id |

roa n é

hyaline seales oblong. Stamen l. Style-branehes 3. Nut obi

much flattened, obtuse, smooth. CO unt, aom, i ii. ; j Bok

am 114; Hypelyptum argenteum, Vahl; F. Muell.

; !

MO Wd d ei bane River, Baily. Widely though the zu the tropie eimen g

ur cg umbian

I have seen do not quite agree E mm. abo RH y known in AT".

Lipocarpha.] : CXLIIT. CYPERACER. 337

eom. this one gathering it may be doubtful whether it may not have been

introduced

ahl’s name, Hypelyptum, was a mistake for Hy ypolytrum, as pointed out b

Brown, 1. c., Vahl having intended to include this species in Richard's genus of that

name.

2.L cephala, Kunth, Enum. ii. re —A tufted wm ge

very cime cem usually from 1 or 2 to 6 in., but sometimes nearly

ft. hi Leaves shorter, ekg narrow, with rather broad versa

more. Involueral bracts ery Mim: the longest 1 to 2 in. long.

Spikelets Malia 1} to 2 lines long. Glumes very si into à

‘ prey:

scales.—Beecke]. in Linnea, xxxvii. 8; Hypelyptum Bagi (rio

rod. 22 el. Fragm. viii. 238; Scirpus vonage ese

F. 2d in Trans, Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 109, and in Hook. Kew Jou

Australia, Arnhem S. Bay, » Brown ; between Norman and Gilbert

Pad Sube; Port Darwin, Schultz,

d. Roc ngham Bay, Batiacy ; Herbert Creek, Bowman ; Dry-beef

Creek, yeah iy amer ena Q' Shan

Victoria, Murray, Ovens, and King’s Hives, F Mueller.

7. FUIRENA, Linn.

Spikelets clustered, with several usually many hermaphrodite flowers.

Glumes imbricate all round the rhachis, the lowest 1 or rarely 2 empty.

Ypogynous scales 3, broad, usually 3-nerved, often alternating with

Small bristles am ; anthers small. Sty b deamii, with 3

stigmatic branch Nut 3-an Perside or uals with

leafy stems, Leaf-sheaths crowned with an annular ne. Clusters

of spikelets terminal and in the upper axils, usually f irregular

y forming an

narrow terminal panicle or the Aa ters few and distant. Spikelets

usually pubescent or hirsute

The genus cons ons of the

ists of but few species dispersed over the warmer regi

dev adv as well as the T bass "I ones having both a general distribu-

over nearly the

Lave glabro hie etin pointed. Heroes

es co : L

nt contacted at the base but sessile or nearly so, wi rui cee

Leaves pubescent or at least ciliate. nine ie ot often

ypogynous scales cordate at ase, 8 a

tate, usually alternating with bristles . . . 2. F. glomerata,

umbellata, Rotth. Descr. et. Ic. Pl. 70, t. 19, f. 3.—Perennial.

Seni lj to 3 ft. long, 4- or uq glabrous. Leaves glabrous, the

Ber ones d to 6 6 in. long, 4 to 5 lines broad, the lowest wid long

338 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [ Fuirena.

les

recurved point, much shorter than in F. glomerata. Hypogynous scale

: : ightl

ut rather broad, acutely triquetrous, mucronate mom Mr

thickened persistent base of the style—Kunth, Enum. ii. » ui. 998.

in Linnea, xxxvii. 110; R. Br. Prod. 220; F. Muell. Fragm. Ee

N. Australia. Providence Hill and sources of the Limmen-Bight River, ^:

Mueller. : jlliwray ;

udani Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Port Curtis, M*Gillierey

Rockingham Bay, Dailaehy ; Rockhampton, Bowman,

al.

2. F. glomerata, Lam. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 184.— Apparently ere or

Stem weak, rarely above 1 ft. high. Leaves more or less m „umbellata,

at least ciliate on the edges. Spikelets rather larger than in £.

B .

el. in Linnea, xxxvii. 107; R. d t Ic. Pl. t. 17.

Fragm. viii. 238; Scirpus ciliaris, Linn. ; Rottb. Descr. et 1¢-

f. 1; F. arenosa, R. Br. Prod. 220.

sA utely

Style-branches occasionally 2 only but usually 3. Nut obov 9 i

3-angled. ;

; Port

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River and Providence Hill, F. Buel tale)

Darwin, Schultz, n. 256 and 282 (the latter a long very slender

between Norman and Gilbe ivers, Gulliver. orit: Keppel

u eavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunning ook bamptos

Bay, R. Brown ; Cape York, Daemel; Rockingham Pay, Datlachy ; M

and neighbour Thozet, Bowman and others; Brisbane River,

F. Mueller, Bailey ; Dry-beef Creek, Leichhardt. Brown's F. a from vi

pon old weak specimens from Point Lookout, Banks and Solander, fro

flowers and glumes have mostly fallen away.

^ „cales (oF

, with 2 complicate keeled hypogynous 8

, and often flat linear scales within them.

8. HYPOLYTRUM, Rich.

into 2

Spikelets numerous, in a corymbose panicle rarely contracted we

Hypolytrum.] CXLIIL CYPERACER. 339

dense cluster, with several often numerous hermaphrodite flowers.

umes imbricate all round the rhachis, several of the lower ones

smaller and empty. owers flat. Hypogynous scales (bracteoles ?)

2, placed right and left, complicate, the keel acute usually ciliate, no

inner flat ones. Stamens 3 or fewer. Style slender, deciduous ; ME

matie branches 2 or 3, filiform. Nut hard, d ely en ed or e

jal

= with leafy stems. Panicles compound, with long leafy Heo

The genus comprises but few species dispersed over the tropical and subtropical

arkon of a Aih and the Old World, the Australian species having a very wide

1. H., latifolium, Rich.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 271.—Stems acutel

8-angled, 2 to 4 ft. high. Leaves ae longer, 4 to 1 in. broad, wit

3 prominent nerves and more or se scabrous on the margins aud midrib.

ovate, obtuse o arcely mucronate, the midrib slightly prominent,

otherwise speed 3 or 4 of the lower ones empty and more acute.

Stamens 2, St tyle-branches 2 (or 8?). Nut when fully ripe nearly

lobular, shghtly compressed, ird longer than the glume, very obtuse

and smooth, in some specimens narrower co Shey at the top and some-

what rugose but perhaps not ripe.—F. l. Fragm. viii.

giganteum, Wall. ; ; Bot. Mag, t. 6282 ; Perge in Linnea, xxxvii. BL

in Peers ensland. Sacks m Bay, Datlachy ; “Daintree tree River, Fitzalan. -Common

speci Eel Asia and Africa, and closely allied to if not identical with an Ameri

9. EXOCARYA, Benth.

a Spikelets we umbellate-paniculate, with 1 or 2 hermaphrodite

iie ers and 2 male ones below them. Glumes imbrieate all round,

1 $ l oor d ones empty. Flowers flattene ypogynous seales

Mee Outer ones (bracteoles p placed right and left, complicate, keeled,

ard bulb, with 2 linear stigmatic branches

ut exserted, crowned by the parer bulb of the ees leafy.

ns mpound, the general and partial rays slender with a

le spikelet as in Fimbrist tylis.

Sein hing rin endemic in Australia.

aversi Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1206.—Stems from a

pag Shere fe. high or more but slender and weak, 3-angled,

340 CXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Exocarya.

Queensland. Araucaria Forests on the Dawson and Burnett Rivers, Leichhardt,

N. S. Wales. Richmond and Clarence Rivers, Wilcox ; Richmond River an

Liverpool Plains, €. Moore.

, In technical characters this elegant plant approaches very nearly to Mapana, im

is as it were intermediate between that genus and Hypolytrum, bat the nos

the minute spikelets and the exserted nuts larger than the whole spikelet give !

very different aspect from any species of either genus.

10. MAPANTA, Aubl.

(Pandanophyllum, Hassk. Thoracostachyum, Kurz.)

Spikelets solitary clustered or icul ith rous herma-

: paniculate, with nume |

wari flowers. Glumes Ar all round the rhachis, a few of ze

Ya empty. Flowers flattened. Hypogyn ales 6 (or in specie

gig plants usually with long Eo n

: the base only, sometimes scape-like

single large spikelet or head of xa A and small involucral bracts,

p th a terminal head corymb or panicle of few or num ally

[rem pei ii. leafy involueral bracts. Spikelets us

he genus is now known to i i ies from the

ope regions of America, SER para A ganba o e o ice

e only peser. one is endemic, approaching one from the Malayan Archipel;

coperte orescence much — developed than in any extra-A EX spixelets

ith 3n nod lly descri Ric as a spike, the flowers as androgyno

female flower without any

umes and stamens, 3 empty glumes and a be

glume. The view however ie given appears m

ANTE ThE ons

JMapania. CXLIII. CYPERACER. 341

more in harmony with the known structure of the Cyperaceæ such as Scirpus and

Hypolytrum, The spikelet as a whole is very much like that of the larger species of

Scirpus, the two outer navicular scales within the glumes are evidently homologous

to those of Hypolytrum, and the four inner ones to the scale-like bristles of Scirpus

littoralis. Tn some extra-Australian species there appears to be an increase in the

number of scales and perhaps of stamens, but so also is there an increase in the

bri ; :

number of bristles in some species of Scirpus, Many of the larger species of

Mapania require much farther examination and it is very rarely that herbarium

ecimens are available for the purpose.

> 1. M, hypolytroides, F. Muell.—Stems stout, 3-angled. Leaves

4 ft. long, 1 to 2 in. broad, with scabrous edges. Panicle dense, very

compound, 6 to 10 in. diameter. ne or two of the lower involucral

bracts 1 to 2 ft. long and 1 to 1 in. broad, tapering into long points.

Spikelets very numerous, shortly pedicellate, said to be white when

fresh, light brown when dry, ovoid, 3 to 4 lines long, about 2 lines

diameter. Glumes closely imbricate, ovate or oblong, obtuse, thin, with

ig Queensland, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. The nearest approach to this species

e M. sumatrana (Thoracostachyum, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxviii. 75

Lepironia sumatrana, Mig. Tl. Fl. Arcbip. Ind, 62. t, 24), which however has a much

"E slender stem, narrow leaves, a small corymbose panicle, and gl f dian)

11. SCIRPODENDRON, Kurz.

The genus is limi: ig s 5 i

p ted to a single species dispersed over the Malayan Archipelago

mr L ‘rently also in Ceylon ent SA Pesice Talat Tt is closely allied to Mapania

vironia, differing from both in the nut, the largest known in the order.

l. S. costatum, Kurz in Journ. Asiat. Soc. Beng. xxxviii.

— from a thick woody rhizome stout, 3-angled, 1 to 2 ft. high.

hargin 6 to 9 ft. long, 1 in. broad or more, 3-nerved, with scabrous

thyroid Clusters of spikelets sessile or nearly so, in à dense oblong-

panicle, the lower leafy involucral bracts 1 to 2 ft. long.

342 CXLIII. CYPERACE X. [Seirpodendron.

Spikelets ovoid, 4 to 5 lines long, 2 to 3 lines diameter. Glumes

closely imbricate, very broad and thin, many-nerved and readily splitting

into as many shreds. Scales as long, apparently more than 6 besides

the 2 outer complicate ones or bracteoles, but splitting so readily that

I have been unable to ascertain their number. Stamens 6 or in one

flower examined 7; anthers very long. Nut ovoid conical or nearly

p 4 io 6 lines diameter, with 6 to 10 very prominent thick

A ‘

Thw. Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 346, according to Kurz.

Queensland. Daintree River, Fitzalan.

The na specimen seen in herb. F. Mueller consists only of an inflorescence vith

ripe nuts, but it agrees very well with some of the Archipelago ones from which I

e ipti i i alf-rotten state

; 12. LEPIRONIA, Rich.

(Chondrachne, R. Br.)

Spikelet solitary, lateral, with numerous hermaphrodite flowers.

Glumes closely imbricate all round the rhachis, concealing the floral

. Flowers flat. Hypogynous. sc

numerous, 2 outer ones (bracteoles ?) placed right and left, complicate,

the keel ciliate, the others narrow, fiat or nearly so, closely pac ed

r i i

The genus is limited to the single Australian species, which extends over the

MAN Paps ud parts of East India and Midagan. The other species 1

to the 2 by Miquel belong to Mapania (Pandanophylium) as now cO at

tuted, which s in habit and in the reduced number of hypogynous scales

Rich. in Pers. Syn. i. 70.—Rhizome creeping

varying from 1 to 3 lines in thickness, 7!"

E e

appearanee, enclosed at the base by a few bir loose sheathing scales;

otherwise leafless, Spikelet apparently lateral, in the axil of an erect

tri ‘

and 4 in. long to oblong-fusiform and above l4 in. long, from

pale brown to almost black and shining. ior dE numerous;

Lepironia.] CXLIII. CYPERACES. 343

nd sho

flat, the anthers and style-branches only shortly protruding from under

the ue Hypogynous scales toe about 16 (said to be 8 only in

Some extra-Australian specimens), the two outer complicate ones or

braeteoles with a ciliate keel, the others buo or oblong-linear, shorter

than the glume. Stamens 8 or more, alternating with the inner scales

or opposite the outer ones, apparently variable in number. Style

glabrous. Nut flat, broadly ovate or almost orbicular, rounded at the

end or almost acute, smooth or nearly so, without the longitudinal ribs

of Chorisandra.—Kun th, Enum. ii. 366 ; Miq. Ill. Fl. Archip. Ind, t.

m. F. Muell. Fein: ix. 17; Chonibvaalne aPticutatà, R. Br. Prod.

Queensland. East Coast, R. Brown; Moreton Bay and environs, M'Gillivray,

F, ea, Leichhardt, Bailey.

N.S. Wales. Port a a tee R. Brown ; Richmond River, Mrs. Hodgkinson.

Some of the Australian specimens ihe remarkable for their very large almost black

ne Mage et, in others it is lig M brown and — as in the majority of Asiatic

ar at first sight pem mblance to the Restiaceous genus

j vee in vila. afl He Goria the cb structure, the spikelet is more

strictly terminal and erect.

13. CHORISANDRA, R. Br.

ipkeleis (or heads) solitary, lateral, with numerous herp

Wers (or andro ga spikelets). Glumes bia mbricate

or more, alternating with the inner or opposite the outer scales. Style

eeply divided into 2 stigmatic branches. Nut biconvex or

ves rk at the base of the stem, lon ng terete and stem-like, or all

reduced to sheathing scales. Spikelet globular or ovoid.

The genus is endemic in Australia with the exception of one species which extends

to New Ca Caledonia. The typical section is closely allied to Lepironia with which

ich to u it essential structure of the spikelet is the same

is well as the general h e, the only differenc ooser

Peete the glumes of the globular spikelet, the flowers not quite so flat and

pea ing above or on a level with the glume, gi kelet the ap-

ce of a globular head umerous small spikelets. a -—

fere striking in the section Cymbaria in So the $ the 2 outer scales a are sipociy =

the others and the ture mo memei

Consider the spike as a head, the flowers as jan spikelets. Wn and the scales as razdh of

which the majority have each a stamen in their axil the inner ones nes opty and the

atral pistil ' asin any subtending F aie] But et te explanation of the structure

344. CXLIIL CYPERACE E. [ Chorisandra.

as above siren seems mary in accordance with analogy. The two sections are

tainly very closely connected, and posa gradually through Lepironia, Seirpodandron,

To and ot tete sid, inia Hypolytru

. 1. Eu dra.—Spikelet globular, sessile, the base of the irt al bract

not at all or eun d dilated. Two. Ms hypogynous scales complicate and keeled.

Stems transversely septate. Shera acuminate-acute

almost aristate. Eastern species , - 1. C. spherocephala.

Stems continuous, slender. chinos acute. Southern :

Species east and wes 2. C. enodis.

Stems Senay septate, lames ‘obtuse. Western

. 8. C, multiarticulata.

Sec aye a ae em _ Spike let tomid iota, Pa caesar es in the dilated base of

the Sai at bract. Hypogynous scales a ll oblong-spa thulate and slightly concave.

ms transversely septate. Glumesobtuse . . 4. C. eymbaria.

SECTION I. as su —Spikelets globular, sessile, the base «i

the involueral bract not at all or scarcely dilated. Two outer flora

scales complicate and keeled.

C. sphzroce cephala, R. Br. Prod. 221.—Stems from a short

iind 1i to 2 ft. high or more, marked inside by ica st sep

eav id and 8

globose, sessile, 4 to 5 lines diameter when fully out, almost black.

Glumes very numerous, a few outer em mpty ones short broad and Men

the flowering ones lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute and most

aspect. Flowers flat. ypogynous scales nearly as long a5 -

glumes, 2 outer ones complieate with acute ciliate keels, ae other 1

to 16 somewhat spathulate at the base, very dark at the end, acuminate

almost pine not keeled but the margins slightly ciliate. “Stamens

few in the flowers examined, alternating with the inner scales. ^

rug ovate, Salas with about 8 very prominent longitudinal ribs.

ckel. in Linnea, xxxvii. ret F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 18.

Moreton Bay, C. S.

Queensland.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson ds "et "Blue Mountains, R. Brown, F. Mueller, ©

Moore and others ; Haines Hives ver, Beckler,

l. Preiss. ii. 73. ms from a creepine

rhizome usually about 1 ft high, rigid but tg more slender than s

C. sph ala and without any transverse septa. Leaves few, bm

and stem-like, some s as long as the stem, the lower ones : Je

or .O00se open sheathing scales. Spikelet globular, rae j

about j:in. diameter when grown, dar wn almos diens

terminating the sn not at all or scare dite

y d

umes broadly ovate , acut a short point an

slightly toothed at the end. Flo Md "e. vos Aeae es as long

as the glumes, 2 outer ones broa roadly spathulate, complicate, the kee

ciliate, pally" 3-toothed a the central tooth mucronate or ' aristate j j

iner scales obovate-spathulate toothed and ciliate, the i

Chorisandra, | CXLII. CYPERACER. 345

most narrow and more entire. Stamens about 12, alternating with

the scales.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 84; F. Muell. Fragm. ix ix. 18.

Victoria, Hopkins River, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Wet places near George-town, Gunn.

S. ^re Lofty Range, F. Mueller ; Port Lincoln, S. M. B

W. Aus King George's 's Sound and T A aE F. Mu ello > Muir,

Quia i sm n. 176 riae River, Preiss, n. 1867, 1869; Port Gregory,

Beeckeler in Linn»a, xxxvi 2, unites this with the C. pendere: from

Which it differs in the Ks ace i stems, the shape of the glumes,

3. C. multiarticulata, Nees in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, v

Stems from a thick creeping rhizome 1 to 14 ft. high, icon or less

marked with transverse septa, sometimes ever and very ippa

Sometimes fewer and faint. Leaves few, often as long as the

stem, the others short or all reduced to aes ee sheaths. Spikelets

ei obular, sessile, the bract Pipes uus the stem not at all or scarcely

dilated at the base. Glum broad, the outer ones orbicular,

very obtuse, entire or "r “slightly denticulate ciliate. Flowers flat-

tened, but not so much as in C. spherocephala. Hypogynous scales as

Jong as the glum me, 2 sates ones broadly spathulate, complicate, with

ciliate keels; about 12 inner ones spathulate, entire or scarcely denti-

culate, the innermost narrower. Stamens about as many as scales and

alternate with them

W. Australia. "A River, Drummond, lst coll. ; also n, 198 and 356.

ui Sorrow II. Crmpanrza.——Spikelet ovoid-globular, half-immersed in

dilated base of the involucral bract. Floral scales all oblong-

Spathulate and slightly concave.

ig c. cymbaria, R. Br. Prod. 221.—Stems from a thick creeping

see 2 to 3 ft. high or even more, rigid, rush-like, more or less

s tinctly marked with transverse septa. Leaves few, erect, terete and

syam often longer than the stem, with long loose open sheaths or

ena erect but half immersed in the dilated base of the erect

cra

mun ad a alternating with the apg scales (or opposite the

T ones). ee 1} lines diameter, with about 8

bord prominent Gece bs.—F. Mue ell. axes ix. 18.

N. Brisbane vue ponds Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt, Bailey.

Pea seth Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 28, Woolls ; near Cape Howe,

unip and Tabernacle — Gipps' iat E Ate

MES Drummond, n. 388. These specimens in fruit and

nare. -— ENUM seen are in flower only, but all appear to belong to one species,

a very zone one is in the Isles of Pines, New Caledonia.

346 CXLII. CYPFRACER. [ Ohorisandra.

ogynous scales or bristles when present filiform or flat.

14. OREOBOLUS, R. Br.

Spikelet 1-flowered. Glumes 3, imbricate. Hypogynous pes

Besides the Australian species, which is also in New Zealand, there is one from.

Antarctic and Andine South America, closely allied to it.

pe ceola

long as the nut, and often persistent after it has fallen away. | "

ovoid-oblong, obtuse.—Kunth, Enum. ii. 367; Boeckel in we

xxxviii. 230 (misspelt Oreobulus) ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 94; F- 3 pe

Fragm. ix. 20; O. distichus, F. Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soe. Vict. 1 d

and in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 335; O. pectinatus, Hook. f. Fl.

Victoria. Summits of all the Alps from Mounts Baw-baw and Buller to Mount

Kosciusko, F. Mueller. +42 of all the

Tasmania. Table Mountam (Mount Welhngton), R. Brown ; summits

mountains at an elevation of 3000 to 5000 ft., J. D. Hooker. ree

This genus is always characterised after Brown as having two glumes with |

without a si i scale. Inallt i ume

Victoria, Now Zealand and South America, I have invariably found three € Sect

ovary the mi tly intermediate in 51

between the first and the third. The Ne een differs ei m the Aus

tralian one in the leaves never distichous, with thicker broader sheathing bases,

specimens from Tasmania, as well as in some Victorian

Oreobolus. | CXLIII, CYPERACER. 347

by F. Mueller on the Bogang range the leaves are certainly not x mw and these

come very near to the American 0. aa rte sepii The hypogynous scales

assume more the aspect of perianth-segm is genus than in any other, and

indeed Steely resemble the perianths of poe or of Restiacee

15. REMIREA, Aubl.

peen small, densely capitate, ya a single terminal hermaphro-

dite flow Glumes 4, the 2 outer ones imbricate, the third larger,

mem branous enveloping the fourth which i is thick aud fleshy, enclosing

the flow No hypogynous scales or bristles. Stamens 3. Style

y 1 :

continuous w ith the Wu not thickened at the base, deciduous ; stig-

2 glumes, ovoid-tr iquetr us, often slightly compressed.—Low branching

perennial. Leaves via with short imbricate sheathing bases. pret

ets very nume id oe spikes solitary or clustered an

ovo

surrounded by leafy voa bra

The genus is limited to the apas pen species, which is dispersed along the

sandy sea-coasts of most tropical co

R. maritima, 45]. Pi. Gui. i. 45, t. 16, var. pedunculata.—

s several together sessile in a terminal head or cluster sur-

"viae by 3 to 6 involucral braets, the longest 1 to 2 in. long. Spike-

t very numerous, — usually about 2 lines long, subtended by a

Stume-like bract. Low nii re short, p second longer, both broad

Ls ds nut.—Bocke Li ORE s gati XXX . 435 ; R. pede neulata, R. Br.

rod, 236, Kunth, Enum. ii. 139; F. Muell. Fragm. ix 0.

A, c, sland. Abundant on the sandy sea-shores of the iic coast, R. Brown,

unningham, Dallachy.

the typical American e African and som

an Specimens, as in majority of th

mhe East oo es, the branches are le ay gehn or quite up to “the mvolural

hye In Australian vari common in the Malayan

from } (59 Seveloped. i in India, th sin fal is produced above the leaves to a — of

iene. hg: near 3 in., but there is no erence in the structure

gon and ds Indian specimens inguished Ty Nees under thy ume of

an Mana, Wall. are quite intermediate, the peduncle varying from a line or two

foan inch in length. The genus, often placed next to Kyla epe HE resembles in

infaresconse, has been more appropriately removed by Bæckeler d'un, pei

ted yne. a to which it is more nearly china cou adiret ns.

348 CXLII, CYPERACES.

16, RHYNCHOSPORA, Vahl.

(Cephaloschoenus and Morisia, Nees.)

Spikelets pou or paniculate, with 1 or 2 hermaphrodite flowers

and often 1 o blong, Ads or less acuminate. Glumes

imbricate all dd the rhachis ; 3, 4 or more outer ones shorter fe

The genus is widely ore Sams the tropical and temperate dee of the d

m UM Old World. Of th e Australian species thr m Lose vary GENE

range, two at ew i iot the third being common in America as nas

the oia World. The two others have not yet been identiñed with extra-Aus

Spikelets erm in a compound panicle, the partial

Spices corymbose or cymose

neste a ay: 4 nor lo ong, very numerous, the terminal

4 in. Beak of the nut hei

poke, irati na 1. R. aurea.

spin T te ’3 lines long, in loose corymbs ‘of i to lin.

Man M r. Beak M ss nut not ager than the nut

2. R. glauca.

Sun te a TE e di 1 head

xistlos pine rter than the] nut. Nut smooth,

di eng obovoid, with a very short beak. Stem LE

usually above ^ ft.. 3, R. Wallichiana.

Bac is least of the bristles much longer than the nut.

t oblong. Stem ually under 1 ft.

Spiele 4 to 5 lines bn N _ hes ana or hispid,

sessile and often as long as the uas

" than EXP prs ste 4, R. longisetis.

Spikelets about 3 lines. Nut smooth or nearly s so, the

beak short and ose a at the base. Leaves

cm as long as the ste ; ; . 5. R. tenuifolia.

R. tener Nees in Ter ae Cur. Post. 26, qp referred to UP

R: setao, Ba T D - joa aceus, Rottb. Dichromena, Kunth), was M. s e

e aul eber'a anani 6, C.

pase ra ority of ieber’ I , Agrostoth, n. 116, w.

1. R. aurea, Vail; Kunth, Enum. ii. 293.—Stems 2 to 8 ft. high

3-angled, leafy throughout. Leaf -sheaths terminating in a short broad

enone ligula, the blade long, pointed, with scabrous edg

snos numerous, clustered in more or less corymbose pat

ap kasd. into eM. umbels,

in. diameter and 1 3 smaller axillary ones lower down p

A Po Fun or inch gpi longer — the inflorescen

Spikelets 3 to 4 lines long, with 1 perfect flower and 1 or 2 males

Rhynchospora. | OXLIII. CYPERACER. 349

Hypogynous bristles 6, usually longer than the nut but scarcely so

long as the beak. Nut obovate, often aabo especially in the centre

of each side, the jax. sessile, as long as the beak or longer and as

broad at the base, usually but perhaps oe ee s furrowed on each

side, pee i n Linnsa, xxxvii. 626: R. Br. Pos 230; F. Muell.

Fragm. ix, 17.

Queensland. Epdeavour n Banks and Solander; Rockingham Bay,

Dallachy ; Brisbane River, Baile

Widely spread over the tro opi ical regions of the New and the Old World, and

divided by xr and others into several species, the characters of which T have

failed to apprec

2. R. glauca, Vahl; Kunth, Enum. ii. 297—Stems angular and 1

to 2 ft. high or even more but ala oe “rene few narro w and distant,

glumes 3 or 4, short. H pogynous bristles 6 or 7, mostly rather longer

than the nut. Nut obovate, marked with minute transverse wrinkles,

a beak conical shorter than or nearly as long as the nut, sessile, not

urro

lava, R. Br. Prod. 230; Kunth, l.c. 298; R. Brownii, Rom. et

Schult, Syst. ii. 86; Bockel. l. e. 581.

ueensland, Meteveur River, Banks and Solander; Brisbane River, Moreton

Bay, T: Mueller.

S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Hastings River, Beckler, New Eng-

land, C. Siua rt.

y Extends c over tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old World.

rath distinguished R. glauca and R. lara chiefly as beinz the one American the

other of the Old World. Boeckeler son the two species c in both hemispheres,

distinguishing the to me. 5

"s brown, 23 to 3 lines pii with 1 hermaphrodite ten 2 male

risa and 3 or 4 outer empty glumes. Hypogynous gei not so

ong the nut and sometimes very short. Nut rbi >

ae Baaien Ras, gehe Wide Bay, Bidwill ; Brisbane River,

also ls over tropical Asia and Africa, and the same or a closely allied species is

350 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [ Rhynchospora.

. R. longisetis, R. Br. Prod. 230.—Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high.

Leaves shorter, mostly at the base of the stem, narrow, with loose open

ciliate sheaths, the inner one or two with close sheaths reaching some-

to 4 in. long, linear, s ile

base. Spikelets 4 to 5 lines long, acuminate, of a pale shining brown,

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria, mainland and Groote Island, 2. peint

Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller; between Norman and Gilbert Rivers,

Gulliver.

ueensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

. R. tenuifolia, Benth.—Very near R. longisetis, but with smaller

spikelets and a different fruit. Stems slender, 6 to 8 in. high. Leaves

umerous, very narrow and often longer than the stem, the outer ones

with sheaths scarcely ciliate, the inner sheaths longer and n

closed. Inflorescence and involucral bracts as in R longisetis, but the

spikelets scarcely above 3 lin long when fully out. Hypog p^

bristles 3 n as long as lume, 3 scarcely longer than the

nut. Nut oblong, slightly biconvex, bordered by anerve-like margu,

smooth or scarcely tuberculate, the beak not half so long and abrup T

contracted at the base so as to appear stipitate-—R. longisetis, P.

Muell. Fragm. ix. 17, not of R. Br.

N. Australia. Victoria River, Elsey.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

17. CYATHOCHJETE, Nees.

(Tetralepis, Steud.)

Spikelets in a long narrow little-divided panicle, with 1 hermaphrodii

fertile flower and a second male or sterile one below it. Glumes us de

4, imbricate all round the rhachis, the 2 outer ones empty, the 2 nn

ers. Hyp m le

bristles usually ng rigid and acute. Stamens usually 2. 95

long, thickened towards the base i igmatie bran

, long persistent ; stigmatic b uu

usually 2, filiform. Nut where known oblong, ^ $ the

gynophore, n bed, crowned at first by the thickened base 0 hs

style, which may be at length deciduous.— Stems fro iM E

ikelets narrow. Flowers here

and stamens sometimes very long.

Cyathochete. | OXLIII. CYPERACER. 851

The genus is endemic i a Australia and mogh technically allied to Carpha and

Mesomelena it is widely different in habit. ees in c x. 300, n. the genus in

Warten species 1. € clandestina.

Were i to lin. long, few in cach

geek ep

eos

T m

sheath. Western . 2. C. avenacea.

Ban about 2 ft, Spikelets. Monk d in. + dong, s several in

ach sheath. Eastern species. . . 3. €. diandra.

clandestina, Benth.—Stems terete, attaining 7 or 8 ft. Leaves

cw at iin base, often above 1 ft. long, xm a sheaths of 2

stem, the uppermost gradually shorter with short points. Spikelets

usually 2 within each sheath and scarcely protruding from it or 1 on a

longer quinis each one nearly 2 in. long, narrow and scarcely

ened. Glumes about 4, not distichous, the 2 outer empty ones

Shorter, . Hypogynous bristles 4, rigid, xn than the d UMS

almost plumose below the middle. Stam s 2, the filam

With 2stigmatie branches. Nut oblong, crowned by the hardened base

E NU lint seen fully formed.—Carpha clandestina, R. Br.

d. 231 ; Rhynchospora Mete Spreng Syet. 1:294; oras

Cobain F. Muell. Fragm

ps W. Australia. King s 8 Eu R. Brown; Wilson's Inlet, Old-

be 2. C. sihi vin Benth,—Stems rigid, attaining 2 ft. or more, terete

d hi en nee. Leaves at the base of the stem shorter, erect,

with | incurved or eee margins e ending in long linear

ithou

State, thes outer empty ‘ones short Hypogynous bristles in the

€tmaphrodite flower not very long, iiite at the base and none in the

hardened base of 8 style but ‘ot seen Lae —Car Pee avenacen, Br.

Prod, 20; ; Rhyne

352 CXLIIL CYPERACER. [ Cyathochete.

synonym ; Tetralepis dps went Syn. Glum. ii. 159 ; Chetospora

avenacea, T. ll. Fra Esas

2 ft. long. Lower leaves no ot seen; upper ones with endi half-open

very enti third Toe and a fifth or even a sixth ea pogy nous

i R.

Spreng. Syst. i. 197. I Okatupora diandra, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 89

C » S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Wells, dt

alvert.

18. SCHGENUS, Linn.

(Cheetospora R. Br. Isoschoenus and Helothrix, Nees. Gymnochxta, Steud.)

Spikelets aciei pend panieulate or solitary, with 2 or gar

(rarely 6) flowers, RN hermaphrodite e: a or the upperm

1 empty, the Thais ba nen e" Pamies between the empty ait

. mens 3 or very rarely :

rarely slightly thickened towards the base, deciduous; stigm

branches 3, filiform, sometimes almost plumose. Nut obovoid ov

smooth re eulate foveolate or tuberculate.—Us lly perennials, the

stems often rigid and leafless below the inflorescence

radical or at the base of t em, narrow or sub *

brown sheaths, or in a few species the stem leafy, eithert em

rigid or short and ifo d Spikelets W

subtended by glume-like brata, and the outer bracts of the pa 6

us an involucre with or without leaflike lamine; when panica:

the peduncles spikelets or branches of the panicle clustered wi within

Sehenus.j CXLII. CYPERACER. 853

Rue bracts, with or without leaflike laminæ, the lower ones usually

distant. Glumes frequently dark-coloured or black.

The genus is almost limited to the Old Nor AIO ? id Australian, but repre-

sented by a few species in the torapar erate regi northern hemi ee, in

extra-tropical South America, in South Afric got New P Ze aland, ue D ein the

Malayan Archipelago. Of the fifty-five Aus bance species three are in New

ok and one of them in South America ; the remainder are as far e bins all

found it TOM to maintain the S pigri between Schenus and

Charon 4 founded on the absence or presence of the ypogynous bristles, for still

i ite i t.

of the upp owering

glumes formin a wing on each side of the rhachis, Sehenus approaches the sections

Dicti and Mariscus of C; wperus, differing chiefly i n the inflorescence, the brown or

re me me e more numerous distich ty ones and th

few flowe g ones less ur distichous, the frequent presence o , etc,

la one of these c baing stant although one or the other of them a

ent, so aie Mn Meat distinctive characters the two genera

one rhe Ld are the Australian species of Schanus, I have been — e

divide this into distinct sections founded on anyessential character. The

pws the n of glumes, in the hypogynous bristles, in the number of era:

in thonuts, até, are specifi : ies i

pecific only, and I mer felt obliged to arrange the species into

series only, derived chiefly jmd inflorescen

dath I. Macro acrocephalz.—Spikelets norms: 5 le 6 lines long, sessile in a s ay

ing OF ov inal head with erect involueral br Hypogynous bristles

= tufted. » yn base of the stem. Western spe wem

Outer bract broad and black at the base. Glumes glabrous,

2 outer empty ones. Hypogynous bristles slender 1. S. cruentus,

Outer braet brown and rath sys narrow at the base. Glumes

glabrous, 3 outer "M S ed ane bristles

short, cilia 2. S. compressus.

: kia ced Glumes woolly on the edge, about

ou rhe cde c H ous bristles

the nut, pl ee Mee: ple y abil

Po ean II. mm— 1 to 3 lines long, very numerous and

H. r or broadly turbinate head, with spreading balati io involueral bracts.

VPogynous at rarely sis Leaves tufted at the base of the stem.

Heads globular.

Spikelets about 3 lines flus cob or Piinia, 5 of

:. more outer empty ones, Leaves not above 2 or

Spikelets black. Hypogynous bristles as long as the

- 4. S. curvifolius.

Spikelets brown. Hypo ogynous bristles scarcely any,

very small and fine . . ote + « + 8 IS. aubbuibosus,

Bruit abot? ee Glumes acute, only 1 or no outer ;

one. Hypogynous bristles none or very i

minute. Leaves long and ca < 6. 8, setifolius.

354 : CXLIH, CYPERACEZ. [Schanus.

«Bpibeloo about 1 line, Glumes obtuse, 2 outer qund y

x f t,rigid. H ous bristles P

ae is y as ety sens ind TENIS i 7, S. Drummondii.

Heads ls broadly turbinate. Spikelets about 3 lines. Glumes :

te, 3 or 4 outer empty ones. Hypogynous bristles

- on ng as the nut. Leaves ca ne Eastern ;

epiniai 1602-2 2. 20. . 8. S, turbinatus,

Sers III. Is —n sepa lets ina single terminal head but either eet in

the head sometimes only 2 or 3, or if numerous a or the head loose. Hypogy

bristles none except in S, Sae and then very shor

ss above 3 lines long. Western

regrets bracts 2 or 3, subulate paver dud longer than

Bract-shoaths densely bearded. raris 2 to 4in

* 9. S. barbatus.

Bract- sheaths glabrous or nearly s0. ` Spikelets 6 or

NN 3 10. S. flavus.

Involucral bracts short or only L exceeding the head and

id.

Leaf- Seay rong bearded. Spikelets 5 or 6 lines,

le head. Hyp "US iuc bristles presnt Dut

"pu

short and cilia

petia kie: crowned b membrane, not ' bearded.

x mim lei lets camel à nte several i tho h head. No

. 11. S. brevisetis.

. 12. S. armeria.

Spikelets 3 ins or shorter. Tavolucral bracts "short or

.. Only 1 exceeding the head. Easte

-she vy not bearded, ey points v very "abort Spike-

lets es. Stamens 4 13, S. aphyllus.

Lestebesthn not bearded, gan veni or laminw subulate. :

Spikelets 3 lines. ` Stamens 14. 8. imberbis.

-sheaths bearded. the. -subulat ts sh Spike-

lets 3 lines. Stamen: poin ort ii C . 18. S. ericetorum.

Sexes IV. Laterales.— Spikelets not above 2 lines long, in a single lateral

head ov cluster or kads solitary, the erect involucral foam continuing the stem. Hypo-

gynous briatlos ciliat

use. Setha lon nger "sari qid ut . . 16, S. nitens,

ifie 5 chem Black, GI to.

I very short : mes eve c . 17. S. cygneus.

nu. S. poer setis and some others of the. pes iras y

Serres V. Oligostachyz. Dwa arf olitary ©

plants, rarely above 6 in. Spikelets s ‘

ann os s pels 4 together, all. terminal and erect jri Slt bristles none or short

Stems ide 2 in.

yee Spikelets 2 to 3 lines.

with very sh

lines Jong, Beer benet sk LI mon

inutulus.

Tenves subulate, as Ie. e m

as the stem,” Spikelets 1 or 2,

2 YU Invo| il bract long and subulate . 19, 9. trachycaD™

the stem. Spikelets 2 to 4

pel cu Hypogynous

: eye 90, Sc nanus.

Schoenus.] CXLIII, CY PERACE E. 300

Stems 3 > 6 in. Fipikolet solitary, brown, 4 lines long.

Bract short. No hypogynous bristles. Stamens 4

. 21, S. pleiostemoneus,

Stems under 1 in "Lea sand involucral bracts long.

Spikelets. 2 paleceoloured, 6 ii 7 lines long. No

ous bristles, 22. S. breviculmis,

hypo gyn tles. Sta `

Stems 2 to 5 in. Leaf-sheaths greets with short laminæ,

Spikelets solitary, about 6 lines. Hypogynous bristles

resent . : 23, S. deformis.

Stems 6 to 9 in. Leaves short, often woolly. Sp ikelets

solitary, l in. long. Bract short. Sypyn ‘bristles

. 24. S. unispiculatus.

SA. filiform 10. Leaf-sheaths with very short points,

Spikelet er: 5 to 8 lines long. Hrpouropn

Scales pre 25. S. tenuissimus.

, Serres VI. Stri peint on seusiiy long. Spikelets grs ar on erect PIRI

ortened into a spike the lower flowert

tn a narrow panic ‘le

yaki m. "re AS ^h "itas gioca Stamens 3. ZE all Western jet

. i and S. villos

iis 1 to 3 in each bract. Outer mp glume 1 or

none, ries at the base of the sten

Stems 3 to 6in. Leaves much hoster, obtuse, 4 t

line es not ribbed. Spikelets 5 to 6 lines. . . | 29. S. obtusifolius,

Stems 6 to 12in. Leaves rather long, wi

pro mt ribs on each side. Spikelets 5 16 6

Sm tha Be pee Ne.

Stems 9 € 18 in. Leaves slender, subulate-acuminate.

rg 4 " 5 lines . 98. S. asperocarpus.

Stems 6 to 9 Lea rather sho rter, almos t

= ula te, not pe "Spikelets 4toólines . . . 29. S. Moorei.

pikelets many, clustered in the upper bracts. Outer

mpty glumes s several.

Leaves at the of the stem. Spikelets 4 to 5 lines.

Glumes due -ciliat oa BO Be Ub

Stem tall, leafy. E 8 to 9 lines, glabrous ` AEE S aur rus.

hihi tes VIL Calostachyz. —Spikelets large (except in S. acuminatus), peduncu-

" em distant sheaths, eget And or ver "i Jew in each sheath. Outer empty glumes nume-

ous, regularly dist en JS

Pikelets 1 in, nates Hyp ypogynous bristles

8 bel Sheathing bracts with leafless laminze 32. S. calostachyus.

P ipis 1 to mes obtuse with kren like tips.

o D dtu bre Sheathing bracts with very

ü Short obtuse points,

eduncles scabrous, Outer enpi glumes 5 or 6.

P Tn species . 33, S. seabripes.

eduncles Outer t empty glumes 10 to 12.

dem T specie TIBET Jm S. multiglumis.

Spikelets mek to Fi Glumes acute. No hypog

Spik iesu Shoathing bracts with short acute points. . gd S. efoliatus.

ae under à in. Glumes acute. No hypogynous

ristles, Sheathing bracts with short points . . . 36. S. acuminatus.

(See also 24, S. unispieulatus).

—8$, lets under in. en. utn srk jemm or

Ve tty o fuas perpen peduncle sith :

nal cluster

2a2

356 OXLI. CYPERACER. [Schonus.

Panicle or cluster short and dense. Stems rushlike.

mony ah aths at the base only with very short

Leaf-sheaths boarded at the orifice. Spikelets few, 5 to 6

es long. Hypogynous bristles present . 97. S. pedicellatus.

Teaf sheath inn Spikelets numerous, 4 to 5 lines

pogynous bristles 38. SS. fascicularis.

Leaf-sheaths Mee heated, Spikelets numerous, ‘about

5 lines. No hypogynous brist . 89. S. brevifolius.

Panicle loose but narrow. a i bearded, wit li short

Moe ate points. Hypogynous bristles none or fine

No o leni cbeaths between the basal and floral ones. Spike-

— ck, flat, 3 to 4 lines, Nut granular, me

0. S. melanostachyus.

aaah few on the stem, with short ‘subulate: points,

ts brown, ew scarcely flattened, 4 line

N, Sea ooth Y . . 41, S. sparteus.

Leaf. ahhh several, distant, with linear lamin

Spikelets brown, sadly flattened, about r

Tw 42, S. vaginatus.

Panicle loose and much branched wi ith v very numerous

spikelets. Stem leafy, thol lear Saves very long. No

rm ogynous bristles

"El nearly 2 lines broad at the base, tapering into NE

points. Spikelets 4 to 6 lines . 43, S. folca

Leaves subulate from the base. Spikelets 2 To uc A, ee disse.

Lax: —Spikelets under X in. long, few on slender pedicels. Hyper

nous bristles present. SENSOR at the base a the je e" narrow or subulate. Western

species. »

Stems Wow hairy in the ore art. Spikelets dark-

bro abou 3 line long . " : 45. S. indutus.

A ros “Spikelets black, very “flat, 4 to 5 lines

.46 S. bifidus.

crocarpze.— Spi ike ts ali in a termi inal — Hn or et pee

A Micro

umbel or clustered in the axils of distant leafy bracts. Nuts (excep

small and white. Small or slender and weak plants with flaccid lea Dis

Rael DAR black, i in a terminal cluster or irregular umbel,

"wn.

Peicudbrl bristles present. Nut smooth or rig 80.

Eastern species . 9 . AT. S. Brownii.

No = bristles. Nut ainooth. Eastern - à

5. S. ericetorum.,

Ceci bristles. N t d - =

eA sain u eeply foveolate reticu- 48, S. odontocary

opere innt sd 2 to 3 i "lines long, ve very narrow,

S, the lower bracts leafy. Western

es ciliate, almost plumose . . (o .78 49. S. humilis.

Hypogyn bicis egere rh ete and not ciliate . 50. S. seulptus.

Spikelets 1 Til mere dst d n leaves or leafy per

$4 TN istles present $ 51, S. axillaris.

usually 1 or SPD b, s very narrow, one terminal

n: — No hypogynous —

. . 52. S. tenellus,

pine : 58. 8. natans,

a . 0X 0A, g umn

Sehonus.] CXLIIL, CYPERACER. 357

SERIES I. MacnocEPHALZX.—Spikelets narrow, 5 to 6 lines long,

sessile in a simple oblong or ovoid terminal head, with erect involucral

l. S, cruentus, Benth.—Stems from a knotty almost bulbous

base slender but rigid, 1 to 2 ft. high, Leaves at the base of the stem

inner ones gradually more glume-like. Spikelets numerous, about 5 1n.

long, with 2 or 3 lowers. Glumes membranous at the base, rigid at

the end and acuminate, not fringed, outer empty ones usually 2, the

lowest shorter, and a narrow empty one at the end of the rhachis.

Ypogynous bristles 6, slender, not much longer than the nut.

Stamens 3. Nut not seen ripe.—Chetospora cruenta, Nees in Pl.

"emm ii. 85; Beeckel. in Linnsa, xxxviii. 203; F. Muell. Fragm.

x. 3T.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, Preiss, ne 1790,

Drummond, n. 108, 253, F. Mueller.

This species is the nearest approach to Mesomelena in aspect, but the flexuose

thachis, the bristles, the slender deciduous style, etc. are quite those of Schenus

(Chetospora),

Spikelets sessile and densely crowded, narrow-lanceo 6 to 8 lines

long, with abo t 5 flowers. Glumes lanceolate, acutely acuminate, the

Esto ually shorter but only 1 empty. ogynous bristles

er ones gr Hi

6, Ciliate especially dou: the base, aboutas long as the nut. Stamens

TN Nut obovoid, very obtuse, rugose.—Chelospora compressa, Nees in

E L Mioa ii.85; Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 291; F. Muell. Fragm.

w. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n, 906; Preise, n. 1782.

3. S. lanatus, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 19, t. 20.—Stems slender,

6 to9 in. high. Leaves shorter, at the base of the stem, subulate, the

sheaths bearded at the orifice with woolly hairs. Spikelets few, in au

oblong terminal head or cluster, within black involucral: bracts, the

lowest and sometimes the next also produced into a long erect. |

lamina, the sheathing base woolly at the orifice. Spikelets narrow,

358 CXLIIT, CYPERACER. [Schaenus.

margins owering ones beau: bbt 4 preven ones dat gradually

shorter ey acuminate. Hypogynous bristles 6, longer than the nut,

plumose with long hairs. Stamens 3. Nut ovoid, obtuse, but not seen

ripe.— shoes CR R. Br. Prod. 232; Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 84;

F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 37.

W. Australia. Mig George's Sound, R. Brown ; Swan River, Drummond, lst

coll., Preiss, n. 1792,

Series TI. SPuxRocEPHALX.—-Spikelets 1 to 3 lines long, very

numerous and sessile in a globular or broadly turbinate he ad, with

spreading subulate involucral bracts. ypogynous bristles rarely

deficient. Leaves tufted at the base of the stem

ifolius, Benth—-Stems AES — rarely ——

by a hyaline membrane. Flower-head globular, 4 to 6 lines diameter.

Involueral braets ovate or ovate-lanceol te, bordered by a hyaline

ay emt King Gé s Sound, R. Brown, Oldfield, Maxwell, F. Mueller

and thence to Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 899, Preiss, n. 1778, 177 7 and

— us lamine very short. Flower-heads. globular, about 3

" ucral bracts few, ae tty , incurved or flexuose, dts

numerous, um ut 3 lines long, with usually 3 flowers. Empty

glumes 5 or 6 or even more, t t from

Fragm. ix. 37, not of R. Br. ; Elynanthus capitatu’,

ia in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1. Ue 48? from the character given.

Drom dei Da F. Mueller ; Forest Hill, Muir ; Swan River:

Stem above 1 ft. and often flattened Yoda rigid, without

Scheenus.] CXLIII. CYPERACE®. ' 359

globular, 4 to 5 lines diameter. Involucral bracts 2 or 3, subulate,

spreading, slightly dilated and striate at the base, the bracts within

the head glume-like but rigid and striate. Spikelets very numerous,

sessile, narrow, about 2 lines long, with 2 or 3 flowers. Glumes acute

or mucronate, keeled, striate, dark brown, only one empty outer one or

even all flowering. No hypogynous bristles. Stamens 3. Nut ovoid,

prominently 3-angled, smooth, ;

W. Australia: King George's Sound, Menzies (Herb, Hook.)

. 7. S. Drummondii, Benth—Stems slender, 1 to lg ft. high.

Leaves few, at the base of the stem, very much shorter, subulate, the

sheaths glabrous. Flower-head globular, 3 to 4 lines diameter, and in

One specimen a second head below the terminal one. Involucral

rae i ery

ypogynous bristles 6 or fewer, longer than the nut and ciliate with a

few long hairs, or sometimes all very small. Stamens 3. Nut ovoid,

prominently 3-angled, smooth and shining, at length very dark

coloured or almost black.—Chetospora nitens, var. ? R. Br. Herb: ;

C. microstachya, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 84 ; Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii.

295; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 37 (a name preoceupied in Scheenus) ;

Gymnochete Drummondi, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 156.

. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Drum-

mond, n, 114, 333, F. Mueller.

The spikelets are nearly those of S. nitens, but much smaller, very much more

ec mig a terminal head with several bracts, not thrown to one side by the

-e empty e above Hypogyn S

Tizid, rather longer than the nut, ciliate especially below the middle.

Stamens 3. Nut obovoid, prominently 3-ribbed, minutely Im ,

360. CXLIIL CYPERACES, [Schanus,

rugose.— Chetospora Mensa, R. Br. Prod. 232, Beeckel. in Linnga,

xxxviii. 298, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 33 ; Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 31.

N. S. DNA Port Vets R. Brown, U. S. Exploring Expedition, tion, F. Mueller,

and many o others,

SERIES " IsoscuaNrz.—Spikelets in a single terminal head,

but either pl in the head, sometimes onl or 8, or if numerous

spre the goad: boas Hypogynous bristles none or very

short. es tl Nee

abl à

2 to 6 in. hi igh. MA ilsi; de ovs gens at the orifice of z

sheath. “Flower-heads narrower than in S. flavus, consisting usually T

: to 4 spikelets, the broad base of the insiens isi densely bearde

n the margin, the glumes slightly so.—F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 30;

Poschen barbatus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 80.

W. Australia. Princess Royal Harbour, Preiss, n. 1732; Stirling Rango

E Mueller.

narrow or v kl mont subulate, acute, rigid, flexuose, the sheaths M

at the orifice by a hyaline membrane often slightly ciliate. Flow

ith few or many spikele oak eral

thinly mem ation acute, 2 or 3 ies emp es E:

hypogynous pate Stamens 3. Nut ovoid, 3-ribbed fubercu

"'uzose.—F. ME m 30 ; Isoschanus flavus, Nees in AnD.

Hist. ser. 1. vi : 49, and in | “Preis ss. li. 80; Zsoschenus Drummondii

Steud, Syn. Glam. i ii. 167.

; 4.

W. Australia. Pepsi Drummond 1st coll. and n. 332,898 ; Preiss, n. 111

ll. S. brevisetis, Benth Ties 6 in. to near 1 ft. high. gon

at the base of the stem 3 to 4 in. long, subulate, rigid, the blong

ee densely bearded at the diios: Flower-head or ciot o r °

th 2 to *. spikelets, Outer involucral bract erect, rigid, "

lto 2 in. long, the second s ort, the sheaths or dilated base Beare

Spikelets a lanceolate, 5 to 6 lines long, with 2 ciliate 0D

rather obtuse e outer ones acute or acuminate, woolly -

the margin, 5 o r6 outer empty ones gradually shorter. Hypogre

bg much itek than the nut and sometimes very minute, gener ootb

iate at the base. Stamens 3. Nut obovoid, slightly 3-ribbed, sm

or Bey 80. mice brevisetis, R. Br. Prod. 232.

King George’ id;

Perougerup, Fite F. Mueller, es Sound, R. Brown; Point "uat e oldfee

Schænus.] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 361.

subimberbis. Glumes very slightly fingod or Late ‘ela mirar

P nia (partly), Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 81 = dr ragm.

eygneus, rh l c. but not the Chetospora cygne feer hist,

r. 1. vi. 49.—Swan ere scs, n. 1795 : Ese: n. 910, y ra d

nm Sometimes this has almost the ug e S. pedicellatus, it is readily distin

guished by the spikelets — sle. In this and some other aane the upper-

most lowering glume and summ the eer are often swollen into a globular

1 J Yo Qus mass, ” but parhave Me disease, as the enclosed nut i ^ generall

e r

or 4 outer empty ones gradually shorter. No hypogynous bristles.

Stamens 3. Nut Kil, prse or almost globular, obscurely 3-angle

scarcely rugose.—F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 30: Isoschanus armeria, Nees

m Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. L. vi. 49 and in Pl. Preiss. ii. 80.

a Swan River, Dr ts lst coll. and n, 999, Darling Range,

P688, n 1708 Stirling Range, F. Mue

3. S. aphy llus, Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 280.—Stems tufted,

donde 6 to 10 in. Y leafless — n: brown sheathing scales at

shorter than the head or rarely 1 rather longer and We Spikelets

rather numerous, brown, ovate-lanceolate, about 2 lines long, with 2

actoria. On the Murra

led to S. imberbis, but more veri the Poetas scale at the base of viv stem

h and deeply coloured, the , Homann more numerous in a denser though small

ead and not so black, the

/435 8.1 imberbis, 2. Br. Prod. 231,—Stems slender, densely tufted,

in. to above 1 ft. hi igh, leafless except brown sheathing scales at the

base, oblique at the orifice, glabrous or minutely ciliate and us

With a linear or subulate lamina of a few lines. Flower-head or cluster

Solitary, terminal or rarely slightly lateral, sometimes rather loose and

about > in. diameter. in volu local bracts shorter than the head or

Tarely one rather longer and e Spikelets 6 to 20 in the head,

narrow-lanceolate, black, straight o or T izbdy faleate, about 3 8 linee long,

962 CXLIIT. CYPERACEZ. [Sehonus.:

with 2 flowers. Glumes obtuse or the outer ones acute, shortly ciliate

towards the end or quite glabrous, 3 to 5 bell Pe empty and

gradually shorter. No hypo dep bristles. Stamen Nut obovoid,

very obtuse or retuse, obtusely 3-angled but oneni ribbed, rugose.—

F. em Mese ix. 28; Sieb. Aids uas

N. Port Jackson t z the Blue Mountains, R. Brown ; Leichhardt,

ons my other southw: - to warra, .4. lisi) Kb, and granite rocks on the

r, F. Mue

vM 5. S. ericetorum, R. Br. Prod. 231.—Closely resembles S. imber-

bis in every respect, except that the brown leaf-sheaths at the base of the

stem are bearded at the orifice with short woolly hairs, pv Meis of

spikelets rather looser sometimes forming a small corymb, w 1 or2

lateral clusters on peduncles of 2 or 3 lines, but often quite as compact

as in nt imberbis. Spikelets ua lanceolate, fully 3 lines long, rather

urved aad acuminate than in S. imberbis, with 2 flowers as in that

No Spo Hua bristles. Stamens and nut of S. iiborbél.: — Sieb. gros-

pal n. 45; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 28; Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 278.

Port Jackson, R. Brown, F. Mueller, C. Moore and many others ;

P ia beige Leichhardt

W. Australian specimens from Drwmmond in herb. Hook. very much res e er

te S. ericetorum, but the spikelets are in too imperfect a state to verify the

ucture,

ERIES IV. LATERALES.—Spikelets not above 2 lines long, in à single

literal uem or cluster or rarely solitary, the erect evolat, ract con

tinuing the stem. Hypogynous bristles present, ciliate

Owing to the bract E the M rege being readily taken for one of e

glumes, the few empty glum s and the very broad flowering ones enveloping ei.

other, nidis a pyres at spud sight not to sias Mia an but the flexuose zigzag T t the

with the centre of the scar of each g regularly on alternate sides show tha "a

Mcd is ually Dua of other fion. im us imbricate all round as in Scirpus

to which Boeckeler has caet ed the S. »

16. S. nitens, Hook.f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 299.—Stems from 3

ereeping rhizome slender, from an inch or two to 1 ft. high. Leaves

few at the base of the stem, short, terete but furrowed along the i;

side, the vibrare not bearded. Involneral braet erect, continuing a»

m to 3 to lj in. beyond the inflorescence. Spikelets in a pace

cluster of 2 to 6 or solitary, apparently lateral, from ovoid to 0v0!

breites 1i to 2 ies long, with 2 flowers and a normally guar

ac Glumes , obtuse, not so distinctly pagan as In mo

SR though ihe insertion i is really the same, 2 or rarely 3 hpc

empty ones meee ee bristles 6, eae ge than t d

nut, ciliate at the base with long hairs. Stam Nus or

ieget iy angled sii and shining. 2 OR poró idan: R.

k. f. Fl Tasm. ii. 82, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 35 ; Seip

ha eck Ya in Lionea, x xxxvi. 696.

Queensland. Moreton Island, MGillivray,

Schenus. | OXLITI. CYPERACER. 363

Victoria. Maritime pastures from Melbourne to Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller, Adam-

son and others.

Tasmania. rt

hills, north coast, Gunn and others.

S. Australia. Port Lincoln, R. Brown; Spencer’s Gulf, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; also Drummond, n. 385.

The species is also in New Zealand, and apparéntly the same in extra-tropical

South America.

Dalrymple and Kent's Group, Bass’s Straits, R. Brown ; sand

ers

17. S. cygneus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 81 (as to the syn.).—Stems

very slender, 6 to 9 in. high. Leaves at the base of the stem short,

subulate, the sheaths bearded at the orifice, the older outer ones

dark brown and rigid. Involucral bract subulate, continuing the

stem £ tó 11 in. beyond the inflorescence. Spikelets 2 or 3

together or rarel solitary, sessile and apparently lateral, lanceo-

late, not much flattened, dark brown or black, 14 to 2 lines long, with

usually 2 flowers. Glumes very acute or mucronate, scarcely fringed

or quite glabrous, about 4 outer empty ones of which 2 or 3 short.

lypogynous bristles or scales 6, very short, flat, hyaline and deeply

divided. Stamens 3. Nut obovoid, slightly 3-ribbed, smooth or nearly

80.—Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 276 ; Ohetospora cygnea, Nees in Ann.

Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vi. 49, but not the plant described in Pl. Preiss. ii. 81.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll.

i In this and some other species the small bristles deeply divided into or fringed by

ong cilia have been sometimes described as hairs on the torus.

SERIES V. Oxrgostacuy.2—Dwarf plants or rarely above 6 in.

Spikelets solitary or 2 very rarely 3 or 4 together, all terminal and erect.

Hypogynous bristles none or when present some or all very short.

18. S. minutulus, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 82.—A dwarf but densely

tufted perennial. Stems rather rigid, 1 to 2 in. high, leafless except

broad brown sheathing scales at the base, sometimes produce i a

short subulate lamina. Spikelets terminal, erect, solitary or 2 together,

the subtending bract with a leafy point shorter or longer than the

Spikelet, the spikelet scarcely 2 lines long, lanceolate, brown, with 2

flowers, lumes obtuse or the inner ones membranous at the top,

about 3 outer empty ones gradually shorter. No hypogynous bristles.

tamens 6 (or 3 only F. Mueller). Nut small, ovoid, obtuse, seated

on à thick raised torus, minutely granular, but not seen quite ripe.

W. Australia, Drummond.

= much shorter. Spikelet about 2 lines long, ual flat, with 2 or 3

G obtuse, dark brown with light-coloured

margins, about 4 outer empty ones gradually rather shorter. Bristles

fed Stamens not seen. Nut ovoid, 3-angled, tubercular-rugose, seated

on a short stipe B. j

364 OXLIIL. CYPERACER, [Schaenus.

tralia. Drummond, n, 336. The spikelets in Drummond's specimens

are either very young or old and injured, and some of the above characters ma

require modification from more perfect specimens,

20. S. nanus, Benth.—Dwarf and densely tufted but perhaps annual.

Stems $ to li in. high. Leaves radical, filiform, shorter than the stem.

Spikelets terminal, erect, 2 to 4 together, sessile or very shortly pedi-

cellate between 2 involucral bracts, 1 often longer than the inflorescence.

Spikelets narrow-lanceolate, flattened, 3 to 32 lines long, with 4 to 5

one gynous bristles 6, shorter than the nut or afi

longer, very shortly ciliate, not plumose. Stamens 3. Nut obovoid-

b ribs scarcely prominent, obtuse, tubercular-rugose.—

x. Australia. Mount Elphinstone, Preiss, n. 17635 N. of Stirling Range, F.

ueller.

21. S. pleiostemoneus, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 52,—8Stems filiform,

3 to 6 in. high, leafless except a brown slender sheath at the base, oblique

tapering into a short erect point. Spikelet MA

terminal, erect, the subtending bract glumelike but tapering in n3

short point, the spikelet lauceolate, flattened, about 4 lines long, wit 9

or 4 flowers. umes membranous, brown, acute, l or sometimes 4

outer ones empty and shorter. No hypogynous bristles. Stamens ^

to6. Nut small, obovoid, 3-ribbed, tubercular-rugose, but not see

quite ripe.

W. Australia. Putingup, north of Stirling Range, Maxwell.

2. S. breviculmis, Benth—A dwarf densely tufted eng t

Stems when in flower shorter than the spikelets and rarely 1 in. t0 fs

when in fruit. Leaves much longer, attaining 4 to 5 in., very jart

flat or subulate, dilated at the base into a short open sheath, the Sr 1

leaves often reduced to linear acute scales. Spikelets 2 (somete.

or 3 ?), erect, with 1 long leafy braet under the lower one and ere 7

2 under the upper one, the 2 spikelets close together, 6 to 7 lines m

i s. Glumes narrow, thi y membranous alm "in

hyaline, with a prominent acute keel, and no outer empty rM e

the subtending bract. No hypogynous bristles. Stamens 3, with ften

anthers. Nut nearly globular, slightly 3-angled, tuberculate and ©

minutely hispid.

WV. Australia, Drummond.

23. S. deformis, R. B Fito e

long, mostly eurved. Leaves at the base of the stem with pem

densely bearded at the orifice and short subulate lamine with fine

Schenus. | CXLIIT. CYPERACER. 365

late, See oak flattened, about 5 lines long, with 3 or 4 flowers. can

sea ase acute, slightly fringed with ey hairs, the oute

Hre acuminate but apparently only one em ypogynous bristles

6, Dans um Stamens 3.—Chetospora Donnie R. Br. Prod, 232.

Memory Cove, R. Brown. The specimens are few and not in a satis-

Mette state b bai certainly cannot be referred to any other known species,

S. unispiculatus, F. Muell. Herb.—Stems from 6 to 9 in. high,

TCR rigid d striate. "(anres at the base of the stem much shorter,

rigid, striate, sometimes flat and nearly 1 line broad, sometimes almost

lamina. Glumes all obtuse or scarcely aeute, fringed at the apex, 2 or

rarely 3 outer ones empty and shorter. H ypogynous bristles few,

sometimes 1 or 2 longer than the ovary and plumose, the others and

sometimes all very short. Stamens 3. Nut obovoid, but not seen ripe.

—Chetospora deformis, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 89, not of R. Br.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 895, 896.

^Clospora tenuissima, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 81, t. 140 B; F. Muell.

. 33.

Fragm. ix

N. S. Wales. -Bort Jackson, 0. Mo

n, ore.

Victoria. N Brighton, Mount Imlay and Wilson's Promontory, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. nen sandy places near Hobarton, Gunn ; South Port, Story; near

+ Mueller,

The hypogynous scales are very nearly those of Lepidosperma, though not quite so

b the other characters are eni tirely ced of Sehenus. The rhachis of the spike-

n the other species is short and esi between the empty glumes, yate leave

vir much decere d curved abov Mere deren flower, bearing at its ex-

tromity the barren inca or empty it tie

Serres VI. Sreroræ.— Leaves usually long. Spikelets erect or on

366 CXLIIL CYPERACEJE. [Scheenus.

rect peduncles, in a narrow almost spikelike panicle, the lower flower-

dem Sonika often distant. No hypogynous bristles. Stamens 3.

26. S. obtusifolius, Backel. in Linnea, sap 281,.—Stems rigid,

3 to 6 in. high, slightly aggre Leay s at the base of the stem

much shorter, erect, rigid, obtuse, concave, 4 1 to 1 line broad, not ribbed,

the dark brown kosik i bead at the top by a e iie membrane and

not bearded. Panicle e simple, narrow and spikelike, but interrupted.

Outer braets rather jk with dark brown Awoxt black sheaths,

bordered upwards by a ous membrane, the lower ones produce

into a rigid e obtuso uid the upper into a short point. Spike-

lets fw 21 braet, on unequal pedicels, very erect, narrow,

Nees in Pl. ain i. 78.

W. Australia. Princess Royal Harbour, Preiss, n, 1824 ; Upper Kalgan River,

F. Mueller ; between y Peas Bay and Fraser's Range, Dempster.

27. S. grammato PU t Suge Fragm. ix. 31.—Ste in.

to 1 ft. high, slender but s Leaves at the base of ‘the sten

shorter, e ct, rigid i us i oe broad, wit 3 prommen

narrow and spikelike but interrupted at the base, 3 to 6 in. long. oe

bracts rather distant, with sho rt dark brown or black ite bordere

a short poiut. “Spi lets 2 in each eek on d pedicels or nr

2 on the longer pedicel, all very erect, narrow, 5 to 6 lines long, wit A

or 3 flowers. Glumes acutely pried, is din only 1 outer emp 4

one scarcely shorter. No hy ypogynou s bristles, Stamens 3. Nut

peii obovoid, 3-angled, nearly smooth.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 85 and 94.

28. S. caes F. M Fragm. ix. 29.—8Stems slender.

striate, 9 in. S lg ft. high. go Uer base of ne stem ns

branches, erect and sessile, Arata slightly es 4 to 5 Ar s ith

with 3 or 4 flowers. Glumes narrow, rigid, acute or mucronate, W! à

d one bier empty one rather shorter, or CE besides the s subten d.

o hypogynous bristles. Stamens 3. Nut obovo'

aet 3-ribbed and iana tuberculate-rugose.

W. Australia, Drummond 1st coll. and n. 913.

Scheenus. | CXLIIL. CYPERACER. 367

9. S. Moorei, Benth.—Nearly allied to 8. org but the in-

ed not so dense and quite glabrous, and t lumes fewer.

arrow,

cave, not ribbed, the sheaths am bearded. Panicle narrow, Mision

spikelike, the Vari rey few in each sheath and nearly sessile, or

in the lower sheath a ct peduncle or branch with 2 or three spike -

lets. Sheathing. bod Aiuti with long subulate lamine. CSE REA

at first about 4 lines long, but fully 5 when in fruit, wit

dun. Glumes almost obtuse, only 1 or 2 outer ones empt zm. vicine

e acute. No hypogynous bristles. Stamens 3. ovoid,

faintly 3-ribbed.

N. Port Jackson, €. Moore, Vicary, The latter sposi Lise com-

ing Into flower have the glume 8 rather rigid and the outer ones almo ack, In

hyaline, but both appear to elon to the same species. Ina specimen from Herb.

Mus. Par, in herb. DC. the inflorescence is almost contracted into a head, but it

Appears also to belong to the same species

0. S. villosus, R. Br. Pis 231.—Stems V ded tufted, rigid,

slighty angular, about 1 ft. high. Leaves at the base of the stem

much shorter, very w but flat, rig gid, Lec agg tl p or 3-neryed

let Pri 4 to 5 lines long, with 2 or 3 flowers. Glumes nceo-

late, acute, densely bearded on the margin, 3 or 4 outer ones empty,

shorter:and more acuminate. No hpo adul “bristles. Stamens 3,

28. hot seen.— Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 285 ; F. Muell, Fragm. ix.

Chetospora villosa, Nees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 26.-

dan Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

en S. grandiflorus » F. Muell. vide ix. 30.— Stems ioc a short

almost bulbous base, stout, leafy, 2 ft. high or more. Leaves much

orter, often 4 to 5 line s broad, tapering to a point, the rita ones

23 short sheaths open see to the base, those on the stem with

i sed sheaths ending in a short broad vdd o r ligula, the floral

often above 1 ft. long, with rather anes axillary clusters or

In Tt partial panicles. Spikelets narrow-lanceolate, flat, brown, 8 to 9

es long, with 2 to 4 ME Glumes very acute, not fringed, 8 to

rad ones empty a adually shorter. No hypogynous bristles.

Bri 3. Nut Bag lens obtuse, nearly 2 lines long, mend

quite smooth .— Elynanthus grandifforus, Nees in Pl. Preiss

ii, 78.

W. Australia, Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll., Preiss,n. 1781; Point Henry

368 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [Scheenus.

and Murchison re mu: Lele mi swamps near Putingup, F. Mueller. The

style a e quite those of Schanus and not of poe

the nigee are ee et the € Calostachy ye, but DER. in the axils of the floral leafy

Series VIL Catosracnym.—Spikelets large (except in - acumi-

M pediesllite in distant sheaths, solitary or very few each

hea esi empty glumes usually numerous, roay distichous.

iue

2. S. calostachyus, coe ni .— Stems 1 to 2 ft, high or pri ferier

Eiio at the base of the ste ists rigid, very narrow, v^

minent keel and SA scabrous m s, the open licis ordered

t S Spikelets <i alg or 2 in each sheath, on very unequa ses

cles, and sometimes a second eey on one o the lower ones, the

shorter than the nut or 1 or 2 of them longer. Stamens 3. mo nar-

x Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Moreton Island, UGil-

ivray.

um Wales. Hastings River, Beckler.

istans. Leaves aoe. shorter and none on the stem below the floral on T

spe pale ciel Pig de but I can find no other difference.—Chetospora distans,

WV. Australia. Murchison River, Oldfield ; Busselton, Pries,

A at Benth.—Stems 2 ft. hi s or more, 3

3 spikelets. Spikelets narrow, acuminate, slightly sr ee 1 in. long

or r more when fully out, with 1 or 2 flowers Flowerin

glume acuminate but rather obtuse, outer empty ones 5 or r6 z

shorter, all obtuse with an obtuse glandlike point. ^ o hypogy?o

bristles. Stamens 3, with very long anthers. Nut no n

Queensland. Moreton Island, F. Muelle tly very near to S. ealostachire

pis ot weet but ravage: boih. "The ry re me y fy

34. S, multiglumis, Benth—Very near S. efoliatus and included

Schenus.] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 369

ft. much compressed or grooved on one side, the sheathing scales at the

in S. scabri

rigid but smooth. . Spikelets narrow and acute, scarcely compressed,

+ to ] in. long though scarcely fully out, with 2 flowers. Glumes ob-

tuse with short obtuse glandlike points as in S. scabripes, but about 10

to 12 outer ones empty and gradually shorter. No hypogynous bris-

tles. Stamens3. Nut not seen.

W. Australia, King George's Sound, Oldfield ; Albany, F. Mueller,

35. S. efoliatus, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 32.--Stems rather slender,

rushlike, terete and slightly striate, 1 to 2 ft. high, leafless except the

close-sheathing seales at the base with very short obtuse ereet points,

the sheathing floral braets distant, narrow, with very short or without

int

. mpty ones

gradually shorter, the lowest 2 very short. No hypogynous bristles.

mens 3. Nut obovoid, obtusely 3-angled, smooth.

W. Australia, King George's Sound and Stirling Range, F. Mueller ; Kalgan

River, Oldfield,

anceolate, acute, flat, 4 to 5 lines long, with usually 2 flowers. Glumes

, With whitish margins, not ciliate, about 5 outer empty ones gra-

dually shorter. No ogynous bristles, Nut (aloose one in herb. Br.)

obovoid-oblong, very obtuse, obtusely 3-angled at the base, quite smooth.

W. Australia, King George's Sound, R. Brown,

SERIES VIII. PaxrcvnATA.—Spikelets under i in. long, usually

dark brown or black, often faleate, al! pedunculate, either numerous in

a panicle usually secund, or few in a terminal cluster

arded at the orifice, and often bearing a subulate or terete lamina of

2102 in. Spikelets few in a terminal cluster and frequently another

Cluster a little lower down, in the axils of very short bracts, all dis-

“nctly pedicellate, linear-lanceolate, often faleate, slightly compressed,

dark brown, 5 to 6 lines long, with 3 to 6 flowers. cc iliate on

vo *

370 CXLIIL CYPERACEJ. [Schaenus.

the margins, about 5 outer empty ones gradually shorter. Hypogy wei

bristles 6 or fewer, very unequal, one frequently as long as the nut i

: " 2

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; Swan River, Preiss, n. 1802,

also Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 105, 911, 912.

This and the following two species appear to pass almost gradually into the -

melanostachyus, but can scarcely be united with it as varieties.

bearing an erect subulate point of 1 to 2 or rarely 8 lines iras

er , harrow, dense, turned to one side, 1 to 2 . lon Spi oe

clustered, but or most of them very shortly pedicellate, narrow;

with 2 or 3 lowers. Glumes scarcely ciliate, 5 or 6 outer e i puit

gradually shorter. Hypogynous bristles none or rarely 1 shor ?

Stamens 3. Nut not seen.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st. coll. and n. 110.

rm he :cle rather

on-short peduncles, the lower clusters distant, or the pauicie bracts

more compound with the lower branches elongated. Sheathing br? 3x

: s

to 4 outer empty ones shorter and more obtuse. No bypogy ce

bristles. Stamens 3. Nut obovoid, scarcely rugose.—F. Muell. Frag"

x. 29; Sieb. Agrostoth. n, 7,

; - Near Brisbane, Bailey. Ü.

W. M. Wales. Pu Jacks to the Hino Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls

Moore, and others; Hastings River, Bechler, h Island,

daresi Port Phillip, Lachmann ; near Brighton, F. Mueller ; Frenc 4

Lå . T ion!

S. Australia. S. brachyphylius, F. Muell., from Mount Lofty Ranges T -

by F. Muell. Fragm. ix, 29, under 5, melanostachyus, appears to me to be qui

tical with S. órevifolius, Qidfeld s

: King G 's So . Brown ; Murchison River,

also in Drummond's collection, n 912. 7 Frown; Murehi

22 S. melanostachyus, R, 5r. Prod. 23]. Stems terete, usually

Scheenus.] OXLIIL CYPERACEX. 371

2 to 3 ft. high, but some specimens from various quarters marked as

attaining 8 to 10 ft., leafless excepta brown sheath at the base more or

^m bearded at the orifice, with a spreading obtuse rigid lamina of 1 to

hone or few and very short and unequal, rarely 1 as long as the nut.

Stamens 3 or rarely 4. Nut obovoid, 3-ribbed, granular eee —

Bockel. in Linnwa, xxxviii. 284; F, Muell. Fragm. ix. 29; Nees in

Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 3.

ome eensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Wide Bay, Leichhardt; Brisbane

Iver, Bailey

. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. INA. Woolls, and

others ; north of Bathurst, v ring: New bag De C. Stua

ustrali parently he me specie g George's Bii A. Cun-

ningham, also n n: Illa 4 368. These specimens may, however, be rather

referrible to S. fascicularis. The Phils group requires further study from the living

E sag from specimens gathered in all the different stages of development of the

41. S. sparteus, R. Br. Prod. 231.—Stems very slender but rigid,

l to 2 ft, long, leafless except the brown sheaths at the base bearded

at the orifice, with a short recurved subulate point rarely lengthened

into a lamina of 2 or 3 in., and occasionally 1 or 2 similar sheaths with

vm subulate laminze higher up the stem. Panicle narrow, loose, 1

vi E iidem a flowe act oecasionally at some distance lower

brown, hint 4 lines long, with about 3 flowers. Glumes acuminate or

almost thai fringed with omit hairs or at my peoe, 5 or 6

quer empty ones gradually shorter. ogynous bristles.

Stamens A Nut ovoid or obovoid, obtusely Socata, ‘obscurely striate

Smo

arer rede o and 1 a er Denis May, al sien. Armitage without

indication of the special station.

tus, F. Muell. Herb.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. long (or more d

4 S. vagina

idle 8 except a few distant brown sheaths about } in. long,

the

sheathing bracts like agri sheaths on the stem, the pee ones

372 CXLIII. CYPERACEX. [ Schoenus.

with very ole i ree Spikelets not numerous, all deca a

erect, dark brown, very narrow, slightly compressed, 4 arly 5 line

long, with ies 3 flowers. Glum es acutely acu dicii ; iakaat or

fringed with a few hai bout 3 outer ones empty and gradually

shorter. No hypogynous ‘bristles. Stamens 3. Young nut obovoid,

angled.

ion Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart ; Beroa, Bunya district, Leichhardt.

3. S. falcatus, R. Br. Prod. 232.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. pec dee

Pu more or less flattened. Leaves at the base of the wit

leaves but gradually smaller. Spi ri irae all pedicellate, -

rown, linear-lanceolate, faleate or rarely st ight, flat, Maior Aum h

to 6 lines long with 3 to 6 or even m cute or the

3. Nut Figen Sat eo roc 3-ribbed, sag striate or a

the iir: given).

W. Australia. oo. e the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; PR

eset Rivers, F. Mue

Burd

Queen ci River Armitage; Bowen Downs, Birch (wi —

ably largo Dm ; Mount Wheeler, Thozet (spikelets young with only 2 | lowers

ts ig R. Br. Prod. 232.—Stems 2 ft. high or n

eafy. Lower a v very long, floral bracts gradually shore d

wabiduce ita almost from the sheath. Panicle 6 MAT i 1 ft, long»

an o Spikelets very n

lanceolate, slightly falcate, ae or less fla pened, wt scarcely 2 lines Ie

rather pale brown, with 2 flowers. mbran ns

obtuse, 2 outer em pty ones shorter. No hypogynous bristles. egt

3. Nut ovoid-oblong, obtusely 3-angled, marked with impr ressed

(R. Brown), not ripe in the spikelets examined.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown.

der

. SERIES. IX. — Spikelets under j in. long, few, on slen

. pase e of

pedicels. Hypogynous bristles amy pre present. Leaves at the

the stem very narrow or subulate

45. S. indutus, F. bom 2 —S der, attaining abou

PE “eer first clothed with lon Sid he "s qe older ones often

hairs, b 3

rous, Leaves few at the teas of the wae potefi bulate, ui

VEIT UON F

Schenus.] OXLIII. CYPERACEX. 373

in. long, the outer one with a short open sheath, the inner sheath close

i s ‘al :

and slightly membranous at the orifice. Panicle very loose, with few

slender dark brown sheathing bracts. Spikelets dark brown, lanceo-

late, flattened, about 3 lines long, with 2 or 3 flowers. Glumes very

acute or the inner ones obtuse, 4 to 6 outer empty ones gradually

shorter with the points sometimes slightly spreading. Hypogynous

bristles 6 or fewer, very irregular, l or 2 longer than the young nut,

the others often very small. Stamens 3. Nut not seen ripe.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 207, 382,

46. S, bifidus, Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 282.— Stems slender, 6

to 9 in. high. Leaves rather numerous at the base of the stem and

much shorter, subulate, flexuose, dilated at the base into narrow open

sheaths. Panicle loose with few spikelets, the pedicels long and

Phe Australia, Drummond, 1st coll. also n. 342 and 900; King George's Sound,

wr.

ache end of the rhachis of the spikelet and terminal glume are often enlarged and

ensely villous as in S. brevisetis,

Serius X. MicRocARPA.—Spikelets small, in a terminal loose cluster

Or regular umbel or clustered in the axils of distant leafy bracts.

Nuts, except in S. fluitans, very small and white. Small or slender and

weak plants with flaccid leaves, the sheaths not bearded.

S.B ii . £ Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 298.—Stems tufted,

rownii, Hook. f. Handb. 4 irap pe

7 åt

: o

slender, often filiform, from 2 or 3 in. to near 1 ft.

"APTOW-linear or filiform, a few at the base of the stem with short

clusters sessile or pedunculate, several from each sheath, the lower ones

distant, the whole forming a narrow panicle or small irregular umbe

9r reduced to 2 or 3 rather dense clusters. Bracts with brown sheaths

and leafy points. Spikelets linear or linear-lanceolate, brown or black,

i ith

uer ones obtuse, 3 or 4 outer ones empty of which the 2 outermost

2. much shorter, the keel often minutely ciliate. Hypogynous

Ste tles 6, yery slender, from a little to very much longer than the nut.

CXLIIIL, OYPERACE X, [ Schcenus.

lens.—Chetospora imberbis, R. Br. Prod. 233; Boeckel. in i

sedi 299 ; Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 27, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 82, F. Mu

Fragm. ix. 35 ; ee meepoclltions Nees in Herb. Berol. ; Scirpus

margaritiferus, Bæckel. inna, xxxvi. 697 ; CAM tenuissima,

Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 162, from the vd given, not of Hoo

Mud. East Coast, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, F. M Bailey.

Wales. Port verfa to the Blu ue e Mountains, R. Bro n, and or Lond, B jets

ria. Very common from Port Phi and, fo

iu r P Maller and others

undant throughout the island, J. D. Hooker are others ;

rather broader leaves when growing under wat

incent’s Gulf to Murray River, F. Mueller and fbi

sim species is also in New Zealand.

Very ab

often much. dowd with

ustralia, St.

. S. odontocarpus, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 32.—A A bor

tufted plant, TRS Tide boe allied to S. Brown. i

form, 1 to 4 in. high. Leaves at the base of the stem, is Tae ss

filiform, with narrow brown petas Spikelets few together, in clus jh

or little umbels, the iustos generally 2 or 3 together, 1 e tet

others pedicellate at the summit of the stem or in the axil of a su m

leafy braet lower down. ikelets narrow, dark brown, lg to 2 um

long, with 2 or 3 flowers. Flowering glumes obtuse, not ciliate, 1 d i

outer oy ones a and more acute. No hypogynous bris ins

Ret ns3. Nut small, prominently 3-ribbed, the ribs often formms

grum pr innt angles or small teeth, deeply foveolate-reticulate

refi the ribs.

ling

emi Burges; Champion Bay and Murchison River, Oldfield ; Stir

Mange, X . Mueller ^ r :

49. S. humilis, Benth—aA dwarf densely tufted plant, rarely above

4 in. high and ren i not lin. Leaves at the base of the i

narrow, flaccid, wit broad ‘ee sheaths. Floral leaves or

6, usually led

ovoid, d, prominently oe reticulate cancellato otuonit “the ang

Qui

Drummond, n ; Kalgan, Tone and Vasse Lean o

north. of s Range, F. MO. m E d by F. Mueller Fragm. 1X cae

Chetospora nana (S. nanus), but appears to me to be much nearer to S. scudptus,

chiefly in the hypogynous bristles,

50. S. s » Backel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 286.— Tufted =

_ perhaps the. stems slender, NOE n« aches wiad TE

Scheenus. | CXLIIL CYPERACER. 375

Leaves at the base of the stem few and very narrow, with brown

sheaths. Floral leaves or bracts veni along the stem with short

sheaths and linear laminz, varying from very hoe to l or 2 in. Spike-

lets several together in little clusters or short spikes in the axils of the

floral leaves, or the upper ones sometimes solitary, linear, 3 to 34 lines

long, with 3 to 6 flowers. Glumes membranous, brown or M: ost

hyaline, narrow, the outer ones gradually shorter, but all enclosing

flowers except the terminalone. Hypogynous bristles none or rarely

2 or 3 very slender and not plumose. Stamens 3. Nut ovoid, pron:

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. n. 915 or 916, Preiss, n. 1863,

1745. The latter has more the habit but not the plumose bristles of S. humilis.

Sessile or pis aera dy in the axils of the leaves or leafy bracts,

about 1 line Jong, somewhat flattened, with 1 perfect flower. Glumes

obtuse, glabrous, brown with green keels, 2 or rarely 3 outer empty

ones shorter. ie bristles 6 or sometimes fewer, about as long

as the nut. Stamens 3. Nut s mall, obovoid, white or ash-coloured,

3-ribbed, smooth or hers ad ideaa: —Ohetospora axillaris, R. Br.

Prod. 233 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 82; Fl. Nov. Zel. t. 62; Boeckel. in

Linnea, xxxviii. 289 ; F. Muell. Fragm ix. 34; Helothriz pusilla, Nees

in Ann, Nat t. Hist. ser. l, vi

N. S. Wales, Nepean River. R. pine

Victoria. Marshes , Snowy River, F. Nul Grampians, Sullivan.

Tasmania, Marshy ema nae rise Gunn ; pe port, C. Stuart.

S. Australia, Suara fty Range, F. Mue

: Australia, ee

The species is also in New Zealand.

2. S. anms Z Mb dwarf tufted plant, the filiform stems

s E i igh in our specimens. Leaves nearly as long, capillary,

flaccid, vith araa matag bre sheaths. Spikelets 1 terminal and

all very narrow-linear, about 2 lines long, with 2 or 3 flowers. Glume

very narrow, mem ranous, pale-coloured, rather a 1 or 2 e

REP ones shorter and more acuminate. No hypogynous

Stamen 1, ae very slender. Nut obovoid-oblong, but not ipe

in our specimen

nW: Aus M Drummond, n, 927. Evidently allied to S. fluitans, but different

habit, and the stamen appears to be always solitary.

53. S. natans, Benti.—Stems submerged, capillary, branched and

376 CXLIII. CYPERACES. [ Scheenus.

leafy, forming floating masses often above 1 ft. long, the leaves as well

as the branches more slender than in S. oh Spikelets solitary and

teri al or with another lower down the branch or peduncle, =

brown, very narrow linear, 2 lines long, with 2 flowers lun

narrow, almost obtuse, one outer empty one rather shorter. Hypogy. š

nous bristles 6 or eee rather longer than the nut, ciliate almost

lumose. Stam ut small, ovoid, prominenti 3-ribbed, smooth

ut cie d ed with a minute pubescent point. grea s

natans, F. «t rame fii

W. Australia, Drummond.

por S. fluitans, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 81. ¢. 141 B.—Stems uu

submerged, slender and weak, branched, leafy, forming short dense tufts

in shallow stagnant water, or intricate floating masses 1 to 2 ft. long in

s falling off from the ripe nut as in the rest of the gen d

M neuly 1 line long, urn 3-ribbed, smooth but often ‘tippe

ya minute pubescent point.—F. Muell. Fragm. i ix. 28.

Tasmania. South Esk River, Gunn.

ovoi

19. ELYNANTHUS, Nees.

Spikelets clustered in a narrow panicle, with usually 2 hermap pt

dite wists close together on n a short not flexuose rhachis, both fer

ase

gmatie branches 3 or 4, filiform. Nut =

crowned by the hard ovoid or oblong persistent base of ‘ile style, so

times as as itself and either continuous with it or slig p n

ri iris] rit. Perennials with the habit of the narrow pani

irs South. Africa, t ihe iude of en pË Maris deri require revision. The

nearl:

and the style ee as in Caustis,

Spikelets about 6 tines es long, densel t

vindice in the axils of leafy b; eed a 6 to "me LE. octandrut

Spikelets 14 to 2 lines ia few ee the

sheathing braci Stamens

E. revolutus, N Sami ee ee hives, f ae n "1769, is

— Elynanthus.) CXLII. CYPERACER, 377

known to me but probably not a oungenet, ful is bees as having linear-filiform

leaves with revolute margins. Spikelet a terminal irregularly decompound

cluster, with 2 or 3 involueral ino 3 ^ 6 ir in. E. Glumes 7, 3 or 4 outer empty

LS long-lanceolate acuminate, uppermost 1 or 2 also empty but small and

ie me e intermediate ones floriferous. Stamens 8 or 9. Style Sulcus at the

ase

l. E. octandrus, Nees in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vi. 48, and in Pl.

Preiss. ii. wir ems from a thick bulblike es l to 2 ft. high,

angular, leafy. Lives flat but narrow, rigid, tapering into long

subulate points, the radieal ones with short open sheaths, those on the

stem few, distant, with long close sheaths, passing ee the floral bracts.

Spikelets in dense clusters or oblong heads of } in. or more, several

W. Australia. King George’s Sound to Swan inse F. Mueller, Muir, Drum-

mond, lst coll., Preiss, n. $020 1771, Oldfield ye other:

Z 2. E. capillaceus, Benth.—Stems filiform, 4 to 14} ft. long, ier

C PESEpO i MO long sheath at the base, either truncate or with

3etaceous lamina or point. Panicle small and narrow, the spikelets 3 or

He y: bracts with short subulate points. Spikelets very narrow,

H to 2 lines long. lumes acute or acuminate, 3 or 4 outer empty

Nat rather shorter. Flowers usually only one fertile. Stamens 3.

À eu crowned by the ovoid persistent base of the style as long as

itself as n Caustis.— Chetospora ge Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 81,

t ALA; C. capillaris, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 34.

T ia. Curdie's Inlet, Walter ; base of Mount Abrupt, Sullivan.

Ba asmania. Hospital Bay, South Huon River, Oldfield ; Southport, C. Stuart;

y of Fires, DBissil

w. tiie Point Henry, Oldfeld. Possibly some error in the label.

On e; examining more than a dm ong from different specimens I ha

table to detoct an any trace of the 3 hypogynous scales d o the plate, ER

Must be very exceptional o; pana some mistake of the artist

20. MESOMELZENA, Nees.

(Gymnoschenus, sap

Spikelets numerous in a dense head enclosed within the sheaths =

the involucral bracts, with 2 flowers, de upper one fertile, the low

378 CXLIII. CYPERACEJE. [ Mesomelena.

sterile or male, (or 1 only, the lower one deficient in M. deusta), the

rhaehis short. Glumes distichous or nearly so, 2 to 4 outer ones

empty, the flowering ones closely enveloping the flowers. Hypogy-

nous bristles or seales 3, often flat. Stamens 3. Style thickened ae

The genus is limited to Australia. It is well characterised by the eer

as ab^ as by the edes bristles or scales constantly 3 only

equ

Flower-heads ovoid E. oblong, or turbinate- gie

black Hypogyn us bristles or scales rigid, lon:

than the nut,

Heads under =e in. Outer glumesaristate with recurved ;

ps 1. M. stygia.

e 1 in. Leafy points of the bracts erect.

MULIER 6 to 8 lines lo = : 2. M. deusta.

above & in. Bra sab broad wh: long rigid

spreading leafy poin a " Spikel ets 4 tod lines long 3. M. tetragona.

Flower-heads globular. very compound. R gery : to 3

Hypogyn 1

out any points. Eastern speci 4. M. spharocephala.

Outer bracts Mies one or more with Jong leafy points.

5. M. anceps.

. M. stygia, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 89.—Stems senden terris

vii, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves at the base only, the sheaths rig

to 1i in. long, the lamina nearly as long, subulate, EE at d

base by a hyalin e membrane. Flower-head ovoid or i turbinat EE

erect or o ae quite black, 3 to 6 lines diameter. Two outer bracts

black abe bese

a ly

tuse, 8 seated on E Qd io hort thick stipes slighty

dilated and lobed flea thes A med ors on inis d R. Br. Prod. 258;

Mesomelena. | CXLIII. CYPERACER. 379

F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 36; AMesomelena Preissii, Nees, in Pl. Preiss. ii.

88 ; Lepidosperma uncinatum, Nees, l. c. ii. 93.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown and others, and thence to

Swan River, Drummond 1st. coll. and n. 251, 894, Preiss, n. 1760, 1761, 1777, 1786,

1791; Murchison River, Oldfield. E r ee

The northern specimens are generally taller and stouter than those from King

George's Sound, the spikelets often 4 lines long, the glumes sometimes with broad

hyaline margins. The lamine of the outer bracts very variable.

2 Va 2. M, deusta, Benth.—Stems densely tufted on a horizontal rhizome,

rigid, 6 in. to 1 ft. high. Leaves much shorter, all radical with open

head ovoid or turbinate, i to i in. ute s 2, ct, the

sheaths as long as the spikelets, black and rigid with scarious hyalin

margins, and erect leafy points, $ o e outer bract

dark-coloured. Glumes not strictly distichous, 4 or 5 empty ones

nearly of the same length, the pubescent keels ending in short points,

rather longer and more obtuse on the outer ones, the inner ones with

ensland. Brisbane River, Bailey. ;

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Cunningham and many others; New

England, C. Stuart, ©. Moore ; Beronda Station, Leichhardt.

hermaphrodite. Glumes obscurely distichous, 1 or 2 outer empty ones

i "Ing to rigid dark-coloured points, the sides broadly membranous

Closely enveloping each other, the outer flowering one brown in the

"ind With broad almost hyaline margins closely wrapped round the

ers, the inner glume round the fertile flower exceedingly thin.

380 OXLIII. CYPERACEX. [ Mesomelena.

Hypogynous bristles 3. Stamens 3 with long eis Style

hardened at the base but at length deciduous. Nut ovoid, obtuse,

smooth and shining, nearly 2 e long.—Chetospora tetragona, R. Br.

Prod. 233 ; Nees ii PL Preiss. ii. 86 ; T. Muell. Fragm. ix.

George’s Sound, P Brown, A. jae pt 0 ro

many stations thence to Vasse and Swan Rivers, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1

Oldfield and others.

. M. sphærocephala, Benth —Stems in large tufts 3 to 5 ft.

high, slender but rigid, usually compressed or 3-angled under the in-

florescence. Leaves at the base of the stem long, rigid, flat or concave,

but sometimes longer and leaflike, all the others very broad and obtuse,

and several similar bracts Nara within the head. Spikelets very

nous. Hypo ogynous brides 3, wen one TE slender. Stamens 3. ei

dec is 3. Nut obovoid, seated on a raised torus or thick ne fe

wned by the narrow pubescent base of the style (perhaps at leng:

doctors} -—Chetospora spherocephala, R. Br. Pr od. 233; Back 1

Linnea, xxxviii. 296; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 33; Gymnosc chorus SP. b

rocephalus, Hook. f FL Tasm. ii. 83, t. 142; i levis, Nees m rr

Nov im Ani Us

N. S. Wal TOUR R. Brown and others ; northward to New Englan

C. Stuart, Leichhardt southward to Twofold Bay, F. Mueller t Imlay,

nip Creek, Gipps’ Land, Wilson’s Promontory, Moun :

F. Mueller ; " Mount William 1 Creek, Sullivan.

Abundant

es in many parts of the island, Gunn an

others.

5. M. anceps, Penth.—Very closely allied to M. p

Stems more slender than in that species though rigid, 1 ce.

or perhaps sometimes more, often eompressed under the inforesen em

Leaves as long as or longer than the "ihm crowded at its base, T ary

EN icis with long slender hairs. Flower-head globular, yen

- . spherocephala, the eer bracts ovate, 2 oF ouk

of them produced into linear points or laminz sometimes very short :

often l or even 2 in.long, the inner deti small. Spikelets ind

similar to those of M. spherocephala, with 2 or 3 short outer empty

glumes, and 2 flowering ones much longer and completely enveloping

each other. Flowers 2, apparently similar to those of M. SP

Mesomelæna.] CXLIII. CYPERACEA. 381

cephala, but too young for accurate description in our specimens.—

Chelospora anceps. R. Br. Prod. 233 hætospora re Nees in PI.

Preiss. ii. 275; ft. elongata, F. Muell. Fr ragm. ix. 30.

W. Australia. Ki ing George's Sound and peg abo E < districts, R. Brow

Drummond, n. 267, Preiss, n. 1560, F. Mueller and oth A more Select

series of specimens may prove this to bea variety only of M. eter ed :

21. CARPHA, R. Br. partly.

Spikelets in a loose terminal cluster or cor ymb, or in a species

not Australian, in a long panicle, with 1 flower. Glumes several, dis-

tichous, membranous, pale brown, the outer empty ones gradually

short ypogynous bristles 6, long, plumose, spreading and pap-

pus-like Lol the fi Stamens 3. Style branches 3. Nut ene

ngie

eeN leafy at the base

Besides the Australian species, which is also in New Zealand, there is one nearly

allied to itin Antarctic and Chilian South America, and a third with a different habit

but a Congener in essential characters in New Caledonia. Frown, aueisded five

in which the glumes are not distichous now form the genus Cyathocheta, and the

fourth in habit as bts as in the orega vite! other characters appears to be better

placed in Mesomele

l. C, alpina, R. Br. Prod. 230.—Stems under 6 in. high in high

alpine situations, attaining 1 ft. when luxuriant. Leaves at the base

hort i e or concave, 3 to 1i

only and mu rter, rather rigid, obtuse, flat oneave, i to 14

lines broad, wit membranous open sheathing bases. Cory

tial clusters loose and shortly peduneulate. Involucral bracts usually

2, leaflike and longer than the infloresce er ones smaller

narrow and more glumelike. Spikelets flat, lanceolate, pale-coloured,

varying from 4 lines in the smaller specimens to 6 s long

luxuriant o Glumes usually 4, distichous, son, very thinly mem-

branous or almost hyaline but rather rigid Bus the outer ones

much shorter, and above the flower a small narrow empty glume. Hy-

269; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 84 ; Hook. p "PL ja 1216; Magi "arid

alpina, na Syst. i. 195; Carpha nivicola, F. Muell. in Trans.

Phil. Soc. Viet. i. 111. sud i in Hook. Kew Journ. viii. 335; Cheetospora

alpina, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 39.

Victoria, Hardinge = Range c Md

g, Tasmania, Table M untain (Mount Wellington) R gie Un a

mountains aan clevation of 4000 ga 5000 ft., J. D. Hooker.

Also in New Zealand.

382 CXLIII. CYPERACER.

22. TRICOSTULARIA, Nees,

(Discopodium, Steud.)

Spikelets in a spikelike or loose or much-branched paie with | to

8 flowers, the upper one fertile, the lower sterile or male or deficient,

stem. "Spikelets rather ae sessile or pd rris or ra

tered in the axils of sheathing bracts of which the lower ones hav

sometimes leaflike lamin, or rari billy paniculate. :

Besides the Australian species which are endemic, there is one in Cey po

another in Borneo. The nut is nearly that of Schænus, but p flowers w s

than one are close together without the more or less flexuose rhachis charact

of Schenus, and it is the terminal not the lower one which is specially fertile.

loo: leafy. Leaves linear or

at e, è chieti “radical Spikelets 2 to 24 lines,

oe e 3 flow 1. T. paludosa.

ey of 2 or Pvn spikelets, ers shortly :

subulate or redu ced to sheathing : 2. T. pauciflora.

Segre short and spikelike, Spikelote. mi eee ‘No

ves besides the sheathing scales at the base of the

Spikelets ec eet scarcely 2 lines. Outer bracts

ines l acq compressa.

capta sche fully 2 lines, Outer bracts erect, 6

9 lines long

4. 7. Nesi.

Panicle compound, “rather dense, spreading. Spikelets

us, cluster pad 1 “flowered, Hi to 2 lines s bes. i des

vane radical, lin . 5. T. fimbristyloiaes.

T. paludosa, Benth—Stems slender, rather weak, 6 i she

tt. hi gh. Leaves at the base of the stem much shorter, itin fé

to the

the axils of cmd mm the lower bracts distant with Pls linear-

Nut ovoid, finely meng smooth or ane aranular—

paludosu, R. am 33; F. ~ ell. Fragm. ix

Toan oreton Bay, F.

S. Wales. gp Jackson, Pe Brown, F. Mueller, Gulliver.

Tricostularia. | CXLIII. CYPERACER. 383

E T: to 1 ft. high.

Leaves 1 or 2 at the base of the stem much shorter and subulate or all

er the fruit, Nut ovoid, obtuse, prominently 3-ribbed to the top

and sometimes slightly pubescent. — Lepidosperma pauciflorum,

Muell. Fragm. ix. 23.

Victoria. Near Mount Abrupt, F. Mueller ; near Mount William, Sullivan.

The specimens were inadvertently referred by Hooker, Fl. Tasm. ii. 93, to pu

sperma filiforme, the hypogy t precisely those of Tricostularia compressa, an

do not enlarge into scales as in Lepidosperma, and the style and nut are entirely

those of Tricostularia.

to li ft. high, leafless except a close sheath at the base oblique at the

orifice and tapering into a short erect point. Spike terminal, almo

simple, pale brown, y above 4 in. long. Involucral bracts very

em $

together, the lower one sterileor male. Hypogynous bristles exceed-

pW. Australia, Drummond, n. 328 (348 in herb. Hook.); Konkoberup Hills,

7655, n. 1800; Stirling Range, F. Mueller.

hi 4. T. Neesii, Zehm. PI. Preiss. ii. 83.—Stems slender, 1 to 15 ft.

igh, leafless except a rather long close sheath at the base oblique at

* orifice and tapering into an erect point of 1 to 3 lines. Spike

a almost simple, sometimes oblong and under } in. long, some-

€ elongated to 1 or even 2 in. Involueral bracts erect, acute,

384 CXLIII. CYPERACEJE. [Tricostularia.

but the lower one sterile. Hypogynous rei very short. Nut

obovoid, with 3 ribs very prominent on the and sometimes slightly

pubescent, eet at the base, but not distinctly stipitate. —Che-

tospora Neesii, Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 2 7; F. Muell Fragm.

ix.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 329, 356, mi Preiss, n. 1728; Swan River,

Miss ameet Blackwood River, Olapela Mrs. Hard

Var. elatior. Stems — “ ft. high or more. E 14 to 2 in. long. Outer

Ds bc bracts striate, 4 in. long, eS atm a

Discopodium Drummondii, Syn. Glum, ii. Pen includes this and the pre-

species,

T. fimbristyloides, Benth.—Stems from a thick rhizome 1 js

ft. Js striate or angular. Leaves at the base only, shorter than

O ones m

glumelike. Spikelets in clusters of 2 to 6, narrow, brown, 13 to 2 kei

ong, 1-flowered, the rhachis not elongated. Glumes m embranone

acute, obseurely distichous, 2 outer empty ones, the lowest shorter pos x

more acuminate, and close above the flower a narrow empty 87

loidos F.M uell. F ragm. i

Austr . Near mines Hill, F. Mueller ; Port Ess d i, A ae

This species is very nearly allied to the Cla ie oisi Thw. E Jon, and to

353 (Lepidosperma zeylanicum, Boeckel. in Linnæa, xxxviii. 332) from Cerio, gen.

are never any traces of hypogynous bristles. The Coda o

of some ien of Rhynchospora and Scleria, rather than of Fimbristylis.

dick

gynous bristles are usually minute but rigid, they do not however grow ciet

scales as in y eso

23. LEPIDOSPERMA, Labill. e:

Spikelets paniculate, sessile, scarcely flattened, with 2 or mo

flowers, the upperm ne alone fertile, or rarely only 1 flower, the deo

ry sh es almost dis tichous, several or only 1 or

Hyposy

on, usually vote like or very thin and hy: kened

minute at the time En flowe ering, enlarge ed. under the fruit, "- :

white and almost spon

or 5. Sgir slender and cr i with 3 T rarely 4 ae or

stigmatic. branches. Ov vary cro steams by a thick he misphert

Lepidosperma.] OXLIIL. CYPERACE X. 385

cushion-like hardened apex ^f base of the style?). Nut ovoid or

oblong, obtusely 3-angled except the continuous obtuse apex.—Rhizome

perennial. Stems flat, angular or terete. Leaves few at the base of

the stem, equitant and keen brine or angular or terete like the

y vo

ones more or less adis ke.

iae sides the curo b ou which are perhaps all Mv there are two in

: ew Zealand of whic e however ma be identical with an Australian one, and

ne in South China, © t resembling one of the South- wid — ones.

: tractors the p ypogynous scales, can rca d e dust ur tpa under the

AN or far advanced nut. At the time of flowering ristles are often those of

clarus or of desde as th grows the peculiar ape

e s, respects as well as in the position of the

grown

aes, t the inflorescence, the position n of the flowers, the terminal one hermap

, " fertile, t the others when present male or barren, the structure of the flowers and

vreta there is no variation in the genus, an e species can only be distin-

mores L ela ae broad, but thick in the middle with acute

argins, or acutely Cen Panicle à large, very compou nds P ws

usually 3 to 6 E broad, with broad acute ed

and a eo argh cen

Panicle. dense, the paii spikes piger and sessile. `

Pani Spikelets’ mi Ioe Glumes mostly obtuse 1. L. gladiatum.

: und, the e partial spikes at least

in the e oe aw hrpe pedunculate. Spikelets

P E: umes acute or mucronate . . L. effusum.

anicle es rt "erus sote branches. Spike-

Ste lets Ay lines 3. L. rupestre.

ms 2 to 3 ie “oad. wi th narrow acute edges an and

Convex sides, Turc loose, usually secund,

st Spikelets we nuts small ` 4. L. elatius.

thick, ind acutely tangled. Panicle

erec . 5. L. tetraquetrum,

et ry conver on both sides. Panicle

Spik and ias ih or with "eit irl in wakes

elets d mA htly s nine ee acumi-

g, ato with cong die : . 6. L. Oidfieldii.

very erect v ct with ere glum

spans ENT 3 lines broad. j: 9 6 in. long

St . 7, L. exaltatum.

misa ERBEN, Panicle under 6in. T

(Ue eta cor a mmi -EL cucomm

s c

386 CXLIII, CYPERACEA. [ Lepidosperma.

Serres III. essit tems flat or very slightly convex on one or both sides with

acute edges, 1, 2 or rarely "3 ges broad. Panicle compound, short and dense, dio

pyram c ovate or ‘heres oblong, the branches or partial spikes sessile or nearly so int

cluster

Glumes Amey. acuminate, Eastern species . 9. L. concavum,

Outer glumes obtuse or kamoddy z mucronate. " Western

Ei eH £30. 4X. haee

Yum floresce: e of L. concavum sometimes xe appli that of the Flor Meer

an that o of L. ipd, Enn that of L. augustatum, but the stems os different.)

Serres IV. Ste achyze.— Stems either broad and very flat and thin, or ph

bed sobre slightly a iiv on one or both sides or angular. Panicle narrow, loose

elongat.

Stems meeps on the edges by a fine brown line often

Bola Seiya resinous exudations, Leaf-sheaths

Spikclete wit with 1 lbarren flower. Glumes acute or acu-

€ 3 to 6 lines b t, the margins ::

de es broad, very flat, the 11. Z. Drummondii.

Stems 1 1 go 1i lines broad, the sides often slightly à

convex, the margins con . 12. L. Brunonianum.

Stems 13 to 3 sf

s là aen im^ den Bro margins ‘resinous 13.5, eulos

Spikelets with 1 aire flower. Outer glumes obtuse 14. L. resinosum.

Spikelets with 2 or 3 barren flowers. Glumes rather

acu’ . 15. L. viscidum.

Stems not resinous j4 to 2 or rarely 2 lines broad

Stems — 1 is broad, os € both sides but with

te edges. Western specie 16. L. costale.

joni Msg flat a to 22 tinai Dresd with very acute

species 17. L. laterale.

pm p but Feria thick, 1 to 2 lines broad, ‘the

e scarcely acute. Eastern species.

Panicle coke ES or interrupted. Inner bracts

a e. Glumes acutely acuminate 18. L. congestum.

parem Te septa rupe Spikelets in small

Panicle slender. Spikelet Biy

Cometae aids the stem, e obe E pecu

ves none, rep by shea thin iced 260. . 21. Le aa

Stoma j to lines broad Nat or an :

. 19, L. globosum.

Panicle bran ed, — oes guter dense, 1 to 12 ;

in, ae Wes . 22, L. gracile.

Panicle — been hs Ja simple spike with distant ;

spikelets, Eastern spec: . 23, L. semiteres.

mene i ; aid

Em rese a slender, terete or —M or slightly

... 94. L. pulisquameum.

Panicle very dense, ovoid, under 1 in. long

Sede ee xg rrt with

Panicle rather

erect or £

Spikelets 3 s Tines lng or scit more. Stems smooth,

Spikelets about 2 Tines Tong” -iv pecies

Stems strong strate and usualy s sonbrons ; o... 96. L. scabrum.

Stems smooth, scarcely striate , E 0. , 27. L tenu.

2895. T. canescens.

Lepidosperma.] CXLIIL CYPERACER. 387

, the common rhachis straight . - . . 28. L. leptostachyum,

ew spik

on rhachis very muck curved and reflexed.

rara PLUS, longer than the stem. NW

- 29. L. leptophyllum,

Tiva; korig than the stem. Eastern s spe cie . L. tortuosum. —

Panicle or spike simple or s Ney pyre the spikelets

narrow Sid distant, the rhachis filifor

Spike branched, rhachisflexuose ... . . . . . . 9l. De eee

Spike simple; rhachis straight ornéarlyso . . . . 32. L. filiforme

or partial s E pup. along the simple rhachis,

Spikelets about : line ong, : numerous. Barren flowers

stern prin cie . 33. L. striatum.

Spikelets about 3 lines bee vetu " Barren flower

l. rn species . . 94. L. Neesii.

Spikelets few in the clusters, very narrow, 4 to 5 lines

long. Eastern s species . . 35. L. carphoides.

Srrizs I. Frorrsunp2.—Stems usually broad but thick in the

middle with acute margins or acutely 4-angled. Panicle large, very

Compound, pyramidal or loose.

L. gladiatum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. po t. 12.—Stems rigid,

attaining several feet, much flattened, but convex on both sides along

the centre, usually nearly 2 z in. broad, but pth 2 from 3107 lines, the

acute very flat edges smooth or minutely scabrous. Leaves equitant,

as broad as or Speer than the stem and often as long. Panicle

densely elustered and all sessile, or rarely the panicle longer with the

wr scarcely mucronate, 4 or 5 outer empty oues gradually shorter.

ra dee scales very small hyaline and ed at the time of

Re , thickened aid acuminate but not setiferous under the fruit.

315; Br. Prod, 234; Kunth, Enum. ii. uri Beeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii.

En ers in Pl. Preiss. ii. 89; Hook. f - Fl. Tas m. ii. 90; F. Muell.

X. 24; L. ensatum, Nees in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. hd vi. 47.

vios Maritimo san sands, pee gi qs «n s Stuart

Cites ant nee ommo: coast, goog ot King’s Talend,

Bay, Tween Memory Cove, R. Brown ; Port Lincoln, S. F. Browne ; Holdfast

Australia. George's So R. Brown, Oldfield, also Drummond, n.

274; Swan Rives, Dri n und, Ufield,

L. effusum, Benti.—Stems many feet high, 3 to 6 lines broad,

vi broad acute flat margins and a raised centreas in L. mecs

888 CXLITI. CYPERACE X. [Lepidosperma

leaves the same. Panicle larger and looser, very compound, 6 in. to

above 1 ft. long, the branches or partial panicles clustered in the

sheathing bracts, but more or less peduneulate and the glumes much

more mucronate or acute.

WV. Australia. Drummond, n. 273, 275; King George's Sound and as ap.

coast, Muir and others ; Blackwood River, Oldfield and others. Possibly a variety ©

L. gladiatum but the differences constant in all the specimens from the various

collectors.

L. rupestre, Benth.—Stems 2 or 3 ft. high, 3 to 5 lines broad,

with broad acute flat margins and a raised centre as in L. gla tatum

and leaves the same. Panicle broad, very compound, 3 to 4 in, long

` : e

ally shorter. Bristles or scales minute or scarcely conspicuous at t

Pd Australia. Rocks, Murchison River, the stems very sweet-scented,

ld field.

4. L. elatius, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holi. i. 15, t. 11.—8tems 3 to §

: : g glu nd

hyaline at the time of owering, thiekened, act ucro but not "i

. Br. Prod. 234; Kunth,

Enum. ii.316; Beeckel. in innæa, xxxviii. 316 ; Hook. f. Fl. atn

90; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 25; Chetospora concava, Nees in Ann.

Hist. ser. 1, vi. 47.

Victoria. On the Yarra, Sullivan ; Dandenong and Disappointment Moun

F. Mueller ; Mount Macedon, Walter, in damp soil

Derwent River, R. Brown; common in forests and in damp

throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

To ie Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 90 —Stems stout, a

, Sor 4 ft. to twice that height, flat but thick, with 4 acute qur

Leaves similarly thick and 4 angled, dilated at the base into à "i ft.

sheath. Panicle loose and very compound, pyramidal, 6 in. t0 ©

Lepidosperma.] CXLIII. CYPERACEA, 389

perfect one. umes acute or obtuse

and shortly mucronate, 3 or 4 outer empty ones gradually shorter.

Seales under the nut short and acute, 1 or 2 sometimes setiferous.—

uell. Fragm. ix. 24.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 346; Darling Range, Preiss, n. 1762; King

Out Sound, F. Mueller ; Karri Dale, Walcot ; Blackwood and Canning Rivers,

SERIES 2. LoNGITUDINALES.—Stems flattened but very convex on

both sides and sometimes hollow. Panicle narrow and dense, spike-

like or with erect spikelike branches.

8 t

ones shorter. Scales under the nut narrow but thick, often tapering

lamina rarely exceeding 1 in. Spikelets crowded, 24 to 3 lines long,

with 1 rarely 2 barren flowers besides the perfect one. Glumes acute

or acuminate, 2 or 3 outer empty ones rather shorter. Scales very

Small when in flower, thickened but not so much enlarged under the

io as in most species and narrow, not setiferous.-—Nees in Pl. Preiss.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Bailey ; Pine River, Eades.

DM ‘ Pet. sa RD Brown; Blue Mountains, Woolls; New

England, C. Stuart, also in Leichhardt's collection.

Victoria. Glenelg River, Robertson.

- Australia, Drummond ; Swan River, Preiss, n. 1758, 1764.

8. L longitudinale, Zabill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 16, t. 13.—Stems 3

390 CXLIH. CYPERACEX. [ Lepidosperma.

vex and often hollow and the edges t h acute scarcely prominent

eaves equitant, rather flatter and broader and shorter than the stem

Panicle erect, compo w, 3 in. long, with dense erect

lets erowded or clustered, erect, 2 to 3 lines long, with 1 or 2 barren

flowers besides the perfect one. Glumes obtuse, shortly mucronate or

the inner ones almost acute, 3 or 4 outer ones empty and gradually

shorter. gus under the nut narrow, acuminate.—Hook. f. El.

» il, >

Victoria. Wilson’s Promontory and Prince Albert River, Gipps’ Land, F.

Mueller ; French Island, Beveridge ; Queen's Cliff, Green ; Portland, F, Mueller.

asmania. Common in sandy and wet places near the sea, J. D. Hooker an

others.

W. Australia. Gordon, Tone, South Hutt, and Tweed Rivers, Oldfield;

Busselton, Pries.

ERTES III. Denstrrorm.—Stems flat or very slightly convex on

one or both sides, with acute edges, l, 2 or rarely 3 lines broad.

Panicle compound, short and dense, broadly pyramidal, ovate or

rarely oblong, the branches or partial spikes sessile or nearly so in the

clusters,

9. L. concavum, R. Br. Prod. 234.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. high, quite

flat or very slightly me on one side, 11 to 21 lines broad, the edges

very acute, slightly scabrous. Leaves equitant, shorter than the stem

and about as b i i

anicle in the typical form erect, co pound,

dense, oblong or thyrsoid 12 to . lon uter involueral bract

longer or shorter the panicle. Spikelets densely crowded an

perfect one, Glumes acute, the inner ones acutely acuminate, the

nm ly thickened under the nut into lanceolate scales with a seta-

like poss often wearing awa

ee iia Vu o 26, but not of Labill. ; L. Sieberi, Kunth, Enum. i

ys el. in Linnwa, xxxyiii.318; Z. gladiatum, Nees in =

Agrostoth, n. 10, not of Labill.; L. laterale, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 94,

t. 147, A. not of R. Br..

: m. Rocks, : "hozet (with

narrower stems). Moreton Island, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, Thoze (

-— Wales. Botany Bay, Banks and Solander; Port Jackson, R. Brown and

Ph case abo ind, Mi e Queenscliffe, F. Mueller; French r^

À ent Ri . P0 unn s

Southport, C, Stuart. ver, E. Brown; Circular Head and Georgetown,

5. Australia. Lake Victoria, F. Muciler,

. Var. pyramidatum. P.

: anicle looser, often above 6 in. long but very com und,

the spikelets 3 lines long j dt gl i ] te as in the typi form.

Lepidosperma.| CXLIII, CYPERACER. 391

pd on Bay, F. Mueller ; Paramatia, Woolls ; Twofold Bay, F: been

i m»: Sullivan, Ballarat E Mueller ; Swanport, Story; Onkapari

The Tasmanian rather smaller forms, ys qe Mor on account of the dense in-

florescence been supposed by R. Brown as well as by F. Mueller to be the L. squa-

a è i

ère en seen by Br

or by ped hoe peo d and the narrow leaves and obtuse glumes figured a

quite at variance with our plant. Ty seem rather to represent the L. anii iatis,

which heaven 5 is oci Western

Jah s angustatum, A. Br. Prod. 235.—Stems | to 2 ft. high, 1 to

25 te 3 lines broad, very flat or at length convex on both sides, the

edges acute and slightly scabrous or smooth. Leaves e eguren about

the same breadth but usually shorter. Panicle very, compact and com-

pound, usually black, ovoid or pyramidal, 1j to 21 in. long and some-

W Asse. King Geog Sound and ai districts, E. Brown, F,

mongole un adjoining Y VP

ee am nd other d thence to Swan Bie ms n. 1186, 1804, Oldfield and

others, also bcd n. 41, 161, 276, 382, 880.

Var. ustulatum. Panicle small, ovoid, very d ith rather 1 ale-coloured

ry — rather larger pale-colour:

spikelets,— Z,. ustulatum, "n Syn. Glum. ii. 157 — Drummond, n 345.

Var. ranch

curvispicula. Spikelets mostly curved, very s preading as well as the b

of the paniclo.— King George's » Souni d and neighbouring districts, F, Mueller, Oid-

was Muir and fog Drummond, n. 37, 38, 53, 277, 874, 884; Busselton,

rt ag specimen I have seen of L. Drs: Nees in Pl Preiss. ii, 91, Preiss

fare cios Liat ey ated mods: appears to be this species, the description however "e

SERIES I SrENOsTACHYJS.—Stems either broad and very flat and

eoi or when very narrow slightly convex on one or both sides or

Pani le narrow, loose or elongated.

ie i, Benth.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. high, 3 to 6 lines

road, very nd or vnd slightly convex on one side, ’prominentl

striate, the s acute, bordered by a brown line entire or slightly

ad, usuall

es ys

ni sometimes UR Lover Ch distant. Lowest

lamina short or long. Spikelets in little spikes or clusters, scarce

392 OXLIII. CYPERACER. [ Lepidosperma.

2-lines long, with 1 barren flower besides the perfect one. Glumes

acute or mucronate, 2 or rarely 3 outer ones empty. Scales under the

nut lanceolate, acute, with short points.

W. Australia, Drummond n. 111; King George’s Sound, Maxwell, Oldfield.

This and the three following species are very closely allied to L. viscidum.

side, edged with a brown line usually resinous-scabrous or rarely quite

smoo o

xxxviii. 323.

. W. Australia. Swan River, Preiss, n. 1768 ; King George's Sound, Muir, also

Drummond, n. 42, 881, 882, 885.

Pg 13. L. tuberculatum, Nees in PI. Preiss. ii. 90.—Stems 1% to 2 in

high or more, 14 to 3 lines broad, very flat or slightly convex On 9

rare outer a

empty and shorter. Scales under the nut acuminate, with short

W. Australia. York district, Preiss, n, 1765 ; also Drummond, n. 34, wis with

875; n. 879 with narrower stems and leaves and short panicles, and n. 1

the spikelets densely clustered on the short branches of the panicle.

à 2

: F. Muell. Herb.—Stems 2 ft. high or T

/ to » lines broad, mueh flattened but both sides slightly Corio ue

x wn

often curved or spreading, 2! t ei, 1 : ith 1 barren flower

eg o 8 lines long, wi 3

besides the perfect one. ' Glumes obtuse or sickle; or the inner

Lepidosperma.) CXLIII. CYPERACER. 393

or shortly setiferous under the nut. — Macherina Fond osa, Nees in PI.

owe: li. 82; Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 252 ; Lepidosperma "Sieben,

s in Pl. Prei Iss. ll. 90, not of Lus h.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. also s 34, 110, 803 (or 863),

883; Yo c district, Probe, n. 1759, 1 1767; Be aufort River, Oldfield,

The original specimens described by Sine as a Macherina are m. flower only, when

the characteristic scales of Lepidosperma ca e recognised. Drummond’s n. 883

vith half-grown nu nuts, and Oldfield’s ui fit have all the appearance of belonging

to the same species and confirm the tinis ios of the plant to Lepidosperma

Z 15. L. vi viscidum, R. Br. Prod. 234.—Stems 1 to 2 feet high, very

flat or slightly convex on one side, usually about 2 lines broad as well

as the leaves, the edges scabrous with minute brown asperities or resi- -

nous exsudations, the leaf sheaths more or less viscid. Panicle narrow,

rather dense, 0 in. long, the spikelets in compound partial

cales scarcely conspicuous at the time of flowering, thickened under

the nut and ae ute or acuminate but not setiferous.—N ees in Pl. Preiss.

i.91; 7, AMuelleri, Boeckel. in Linnea, xxxviii, 320.

N. S. Wales. Mudgee, Taylor.

8. deir Port Lincoln, R. Brown, J. S. Browne; Lofty and Barossa

Ranges, F. Mueller

unt Clarena, King George’ s Sound, Preiss, n. 1766, sppe

ustr

rently the same species > hae wi

very long, ye ar L. resinosum, and L, tuberculatum, but the glumes not so praen

and the barren Miseni ti more numerous in — spikelets examined, besides the differ-

ce in the margins of the stem and leave

24. W rather acute cages not resinous e narrow, r

to 4 in. long, the hes and spik erec owest outer

brae rarely above 1 in. long. Spikelets in little spikes or clusters.

ely 2 lines long, with 1 barren fi rfi ne

Glumes acute

or very shortly mucrouate, about 3 outer empty ones

eie - Scales ender the nut not setiferous. —Beeckel. in Linneza,

one 324.

Australia, Drummond, n. 43, 884; York district, eg n, 1798, 1799;

dem Churchman, E, Mue lier. The inflo orescence is that of L. Brunonia anum, but

stems are narrower and convex with the mar, margins not all resinous.

Ais L. laterale, £ . Br. Prod. 234.—Stems often above 2 ft. high,

to3 Wn broad, very flat or slightly convex on one side with very

edges. Leaves as broad and sometimes as long, but

394 CXLIII. CYPERACER. | Lepidosperma.

mostly shorter. camem usually narrow and loose, 4 to 8 in. long, the

branches not num ons; the lower = — but erect, the spike-

than 1 barren flower besides the ORfeSE | one. S nne acute and some-

: gyn

time of flowering and hyaline; scales under the nut lanceolate, acuminate,

tipped with seta-like points which Koaven often wear away.—.L. lineare,

ees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 9 , Kunth, Enum. ii. 318, not of R. Br. 5

L. concavum, Hook. f, Fl. Tasm. | il. 91, t. 146, B, not of R. Br.

i X Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, ©. Stuart, Bailey and

[o ea

Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Macleay River, Beckler ; New Eng-

Fic Stuart, : i

oria. Murray River, Wilson's Promontory, F. Mueller; Little Rivet,

Launceston, Gunn ; South Port, C. Stuart ; Swan Port, Story.

Var. majus. Stems broad and very flat. Panicle 6 in, to 1 ft. lo Spikelets

rather longer and not so close. Stamens P754 . able branches frequently 1

L. tetragynum, R. Br. Prod. 234.—Port Jackso . Brown, A. Cum ungham an

Var. angustum. Stems 1 to 1} lines broad, often ag rude bari along the e middle

at least on one side,— L. M R. Br. Prod. 234, of Labill. ; Z. p

tifolium, Hook. f. Fl. Tas 92, t. 147, B.—Suttor Forest, Mrs. Calvert ; Am

ai er, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart ; Macalister’s River, F. Mueller ; Adven

ure Bay, Neloos in herb, R. Br. ; Launceston, Gunn,

18. L. congestum, R. Br. Prod, 234.—Stems 4 to 10 in. high, fat

ue very slightly convex on one or both sides, 1 to 1j lines A the d

dense compo ka spikes. Bracts sel acuminate, with subulate p

gent erect points longer than the enclosed spikelets, the jouent

braet sometimes as long as the inflorescence, the inner bracts all fee

ne. Glumes acute. 4 or 5 outer empty ones seii ia j

pd points. Hyp nous scales very minute or scarcely ee

us at nm - of flowering, but the flowers not fully develo oped in

Deli

S. Australia. Memory Cove, R. Brown ; Lake Hamilton, Herb. F. Mueller.

19. L. globosum, Labill. Pl Nov. Holl. i. 16, t.14.—Stems 105

ft. high, c: flattened but usually convex on one «d Dd sides, ith.

obtuse ves often nearly as long and t q elets

Panicle swat 1 to ‘3 in. long, compact but eee, the cose

in globular or very short spikes, the lower ones

Lepidosperma. | CXLIII. CYPERACE X. 395

Lowest outer bract sometimes erect rigid and 1 in. long, sometimes all

short, not aristate, Spikelets about 2 lines long, with 1 barren flower

besides the perfect one. lumes acute, about 3 outer ones gradually

shorter dia longer points. Scales under the nut diro ue with fine

235

Victoria. Port Phillip, R. coil Point Lonsdale and Queenscliff, F. Mueller ;

heath near Fiztroy River, Roberts

Tasmania. Brown’s River, Oldfield.

The species requires further examination from better specimens, most of ours have

the inside of the spikelets diras by a black fungus, I have not seen Labil-

lardiére’s. Brown's have sa s flatter than the others, all may prove to be

varieties of Z. laterale or of L.l

0. L. lineare, A. Br. Prod. 235.—Stems from under

Et l ft. high, about 1 line broad, compressed but both sides convex,

the edges s slightly prominent, acute, scabrous or nearly smooth.

Leaves as long or sometimes longer and of the same breadth. Pani icle

narrow, from under 1 in. to 14 in. long, with few short branches, the

lower ones often spr Sealing, the pune not numerous us though some-

ered.

florescence, the upper gn oc Spikelets ZatPON; 2 to 23 lines long,

^us onl r sometimes no barren flower below the perfect one.

m aeutely acuminate, about 8 outer empty ones gradually shorter.

YPogynous scales minute at the time of seg lanceolate and

acuminate under the nut.—Hook. f. asm. ii, 92; F. Muell.

Tagm. ix. 26; L. Guanii, Beeckel. in Linnga, xxxviii 325.

N. a.

Ad Amet Port Jackson, €. Moore; the specimens in bud only and

users. Wendu Vale, — ee ger Range up to 5000 ft., F. Mueller.

Ri a. Derwent River, R. Brown; near Launceston, gre South Esk

ver, C, Stuart; Brown River, Oldfield (dw "af specimens scarcely 2 h)

i Is ? depauperatum. Stems and leaves more slender. Panicle reduced to 3 or 4

pikelets, —New England, C. Stuart.

ens of n eve closely resemble Paes Cladium more be in ou

Some specim tward

aspect, but, ba

heat] ^ Pies the Mes eneric character, they may be distinguished by the leaf-

? aphyllum, Z. Br. Prod. 235.—Stems above 1ft. long and

dou broad, very flat, without auy leaves except some short

sheathing um at the ies Old inflorescence narro lj

Os!

marked

eite

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown.

L. gracile, R. Br. Prod. 235, Stems slender, 1 to 13 $ ft. high,

guiar o) ttened, with rather acute edges, under 1

396 CXLIII OYPERACER. [.Lepidosperma.

to 22 in . long, the arenes short or the lower ones pi at all erect.

Spikelets crowded along the panels or rarely singly scattered, about

2 lines long, with 1 ida flower beside the perfect one Glumes

acute or the lower ones obtuse and mucronate, 3 or 4 outer ones empty

and shorter. Scales under the nut acuminate but not setiferous.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R Brown, Walcot; also Drummond,

n. 870, 873, 976.

in Linnz

L. lineare, var. humile, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 90, Preiss. n. 1810 (L. humile, Backel.

innza, xxxviii. 324), appears to me to be a short-stemmed form of L. gracile.

> F. Muell.; Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii sg à

Stems vere; i to odi ft. high, sometimes terete but d somewha a

flattened, with obtuse edges, } to i line broad. Leaves shorte

Panicle spikelike, ao reduced to a sings we as ne?

late Marie the others more ; glumelike but striate. Spikelets linear-

occae straight or faleate, erect or spreading, about 4 lines lo nost

wi a borai flower besides the perfect one. pia ering glumes almos

Queenscliff “and Mount Sturgeon, F. Mueller; Mount Sturgeon,

ia. Mount Lofty Ranges and Lake Alexandrina, F. Mueller.

Perhaps a variety of L. gracile, but with much larger and fewer ee Tow

allied also to Z. canescens, but the leaves, though very narrow, usually quite #a

Victoria.

Robertson.

S. A

Secrion V. "TERETICAULES. — Stems slender, terete or anes

seas. or slightly and irregularly compressed. Leaves nearly smitar.

4. L. pubisquameum, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 158.—Stews es

but rigid, 1 to 14 ft. high, nearly terete or angular and furrowe "

one side. Leaves similar but shorter. Panicle aonkrates into à duc

ovoid or almost globular compound cluster rarely 4 in. long, the om

tending bract ore from a grees hing base, usually erect epee

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 250 (350 according to Steudel).

25. L. canescens, Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 330.—Stems l iih

ft. high, terete or very ory light pecs: smooth. Leaves m se

shorter, terete but usually grooved al inner side.

t -

renal, not very compound, 1 to 2 in. "ted the branches 8 slightly

Lepidosperma.] CXLIII. CYPERACE X, 397

qe Near Portland, between Queenscliff and Geelong, and Genoa River, F.

uetter,

tralia. Gawler River, Behr; Mount Lofty Ranges and Lake Alexan-

drina, Py Mueller

F. Mueller's specimens come very near to L. semiteres, but the leaves are not flat-

tened. Behr's Specimens are eerte stouter, with rather larger spikelets, but one

of them is quite like F. Mueller's

6. L. scabrum, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 92.—Stems 1 to 1} ft. high,

terete, prominently striate and in the typical form very ‘scabrous.

long, with 1 barren flower besides the perfect one. Flowering fois

acuminate, almost acute, 3 or 4 oute mpty ones shorter and more

obtuse, ue under the nut acuminate, not setiferous.—F. Muell.

gm. 1x. 2

w. Australia, Drummond, n. 105, 114, 871; Swan River, Preiss, n. 1787, 1788

‘ids effusum. Stems not so scabrous and sometimes quite sm ooth apes at the

» but always promi inently striate. Panicle not so dense, 2

Sines branches. Si yy ts not so crowded and reo args curved. mie River,

Ifield.

27. L. t tenue, Benth—Stems 1 to 14 ft. es wid slender,

E Smooth and terete but slightly furrowed on one side. Leaves filiform,

rpg! angular or terete, shorter than the stem. Panic. pain

to 3 in. long, broad or rather narrow, with spreading or slightly re-

curved branches. Spikelets clustered or singly sessile along, the branches,

acuminate, straight or faleate, 2 lines long or rather more, with 1 bar-

ren flower besides the perfect one. Glumes obtuse or the i inner ones

WE about 3 outer empty ones gradually shorter. Scales under the

Piu

a i à 121, 868, 869, 885, 886, 895; Murchison

Te Dicit d, Pun Qa uio chiar Ind QUT ése Deis Mole

much le co with short branches and crowded

tety, or ipten with e Bg hes jiro Mis a spikelets rather distant. m

28. L. leptostachyum, Benth—Stems 1 to 12 ft. high, very

cese » terete and smooth or slightly angular and furrowed on one side.

es few, much shorter than the stem, angular or nearly tere

398 CXLIH. CYPERACER. [ Lepidosperma.

outer empty ones gradually shorter. Scales under the nut acuminate,

not setiferous.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 352, 802; Kalgan River, F. Mueller ; Forest Hill,

Muir ; Tone River, Oldfield ; Blackwood River, Miss Hezter.

about 3 outer empty ones very obtuse and gradually shorter.

under the nut acuminate, not setiferous.

Victoria. Mount Wellington, Gipps Land, F. Mueller.

31. L. flexuosum, R. Br. Prod. 235.—Stems very slender, kc

or nearly so, 2 ft. high or more. Leaves few, short and subulate,

ones shorter. Scales under the nut not aristate—Nees in 916?

Agrostoth. n. 43; Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 328.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls, and many others.

32. L. filiforme, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 17, t. 15.—Stems tere™

Lepidosperma.) CXLIII, CYPERACER. 399

filiform but rigid, 1 to 13 ft. high. Leaves few, much sor mostly

reduced Spike

sinple, gg veer, rarely above 1 in. we the rhachis vicem or r &oaroely

Shea

I Mount Srdliigton, dippr T F. Mueller ; Curdies Inlet,

Tasma Arthur’s Lake, Gunn; Brown River, Oldfield ; South Esk River,

C. Stuart ; ami Story.

and but ver Wes striate. es shorter, terete or Ls so.

Panicle harrow and spikelike but interrupted, usually 3 or 4 in. long,

the spikelets densely crowded on short branches in secondary ob-

Scales scarcely perceptible ‘at the time of owering, narrow acuminate

and not Er thick under the nut.—L. confine, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii.

; f. ll. Fragm. ix

S W. Australia. Kin ing George’s Sound, R. Brown; Forest Hill, Muir; north o

Rire Range, Maxwell; Swa » Ri iver, Preiss, n. 1794; : also rdi n. ” 259, via

Specimens n. 257 may be a arge stout form with the panicle looser, its branches

more developed, but the flow: e in too young a state to poe aes Brown’s

tpm are in ME with the Howe = e r branches of the p e rather long,

in PIRA Bre quite smooth, slightly grooved on one side but not "sinc striate as

scabrum, Teg selections of the specifi cim is therefore unfor

^s Beckeler, Linnga, xxxviii. 329, unites this species with the Z. chinense, Nees, which

i to the Chinese se p

lt ét Kunth, Enum. ii. 319. — Stems slender but rigid,

o 24 ft. high, angular or terete and grooved on one side. Leaves

lamina or point nearly as long as the inflorescence. Spikelets —

G1» 23 to 25 ins s oni with 1 barren flower besides the preter o

: lumes narro or acuminate, 2 or 3 outer empty or e rator

400 CXLIII. CYPERACES. [ Lepidosperma.

shorter. Scales under the nut ovate, acuminate and sometimes shortly

setiferous.—F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 27; L. tetragonum, Nees in Sieb.

Agrostoth. n. 49, not of Labillardiére.

N.S. Wal Port Jackson, F. Mueller, Woolls, eT

— Streletzki Para and Wilson’s promontory, F. Mueller.

F. Mueller, Fragm. ix. 24, refers some of the specimens with r denser

spikelike goose to the New Zealand L. enr ice Hook. f., but besides some mi ;

rh that species has never (in a ber of pir. I have examined)

ond barren flower, which T have found in all the Australian ‘specios of

abeam

35. L. carphoides, F. T Herb.—Stems slender, terete, e d

grooved on one side, about t. high. ae similar but shor

in short sessile partial spikes. Sheathin g bracts usually as long as me

enclosed partial spikes, rigid, Stig acute or produced into a subula e

pai or short lamina. Spikelets Aing black, 4 to 5 lines long, Hr

n flower besides the perfect one. Glumes narrow, rigid, acutely

sit adie or almost aristate, diudly 2 ' outer empty ones, the lowe

rather shorter. Scales under the nut ovate-lanceolate acuminate.—

L. striatum, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 27, not of R. Br.

vi ia. SUR River, Robertson ; Portland Bay and Grampians, F. Mueller ;

Moyston, Sullivan Point,

S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf, F, Mueller, Blandourki; Boston

Wilhelmi, Port Lincoln, S. F. Browne.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies ; Point Henry, Oldfield.

24. CLADIUM, P. Br.

(Baumea, Gaudich. Chapelliera, Nees.)

Spikelets variously paniculate, with 1 to 3 hermaphrodite flowers hi

usually the lowest alone fertile. Glumes few, imbricate all rou" i

to 3 or very rarely 4 outer ones empty, and usually a small one 4 the

the perfect flower, either empty or with an imperfect kiero

flowering glume not shorter than the outer empty on y deos

ous bristles. Stamens 3 or rarely fewer. Style deciduous, uec

Leaves, either terete, and continuous or marked with irate

verse septa, or vertically flattened, very rarely with the inve

margins of eben.

The genus in its typical form extends tropical te regions as

MR Mews end Or A acne but defende erupit or at 4t cost three

Cladium.] CXLIII, CYPERACEA. 401

amongst which the Spiralen one is common over a great part of the generic area ;

but the more numerous section Bawmea is p robably limited to the Old Mid and

is chiefly Austral Seg Of the 15 Anstraliae species five are also in and

and one or two of these extend to some of the Pacific islands, the other ten emm

all to be endemic

Secr. I... Bucladium.—Panicles densely corymbose. Outer wey glumes about 4.

Vicivers 2, lor rarely both fertile, and usually no terminal empty glume

Stems tall, leafy throughout, Leaves fat . . . . . . 1, C, mariscus.

aumea. — Panicles loose or thyrsoid or narrow. Outer empty glumes

to 3, and usually a small terminal glume either empty or with a rudimentary flower.

i ‘chiefly at the base of the stem or no ond

mu 2- n. 3-flowered (flowers all apparently perfect

ile).

Indie 6 ft, (flat P). Panicle AH — with very

erous spikelets . . . ; . 2. C. insulare.

Leaves terete, transversely se ptate. Panicle v very ‘large,

somewhat drooping. Spik yd very, numerous but

3. C. articulatum.

8C . 4, C. arthrophyllum.

Leaves terete, continuous aei septate. Panicle

erect, rigid. Spikelets densely clustered. Glum

ciliate

5. C. glomeratum.

Leaves vertically flattened. — Stems. much flattened.

M not ciliate. "Western species.

Stems 3 to 4 ft, Leaves broad. Panicle often 1 ft.

6. C. Preissii,

laxum.

ong. .

to2ft. Leaves narrow. ` Panicle 2 to £n U

Spikelai 1- idw ered.

Panicles thyrsoid or loosely branched, erect. Leaves few

long and erect, gms numerous.

snus raat 2 to 3 lines broad. Panicle long and

loose . s . 8. C. riparium,

Leaves terete, about 1 line broad. Panicle t thyrsoid . 9. C. teretifolium.

Leaves angular or r flat. = a Rater ges midrib, 1 to 2

à lines EX UN Paniele

anicle narrow, alm ie aust or ir with fow erect branches.

Le Pikelote fe w. emer ooth and

vidissi wien but narrow. Stem under

1 ft

C. tetraquetrum.

. 11. C. schanoides.,

Stems s leafless e xcept ‘sho ort. points “to the sheaths,

y above 1 ft. high, rarely intermixed with a

fw; bern eatis leaves.

Floweri lum. pu twice as a ee f. as the

tei J n . 12. €. Gunnii.

: "o io 2 ft. ju EU uus QS. Peer

- fBtemsstout,3 ft. high or more . . . . . . . 14 C. vaginale

ears erect, terete pim Stem $ to 14 feet . . . . 15 C.elynanthoides.

the axi

Leaves and iili involute margins dme Long subu-

late points. Nut narrow triquetro ch See —

VOL. vir, 2D

402 OXLII. CYPERACER, ( Cladium.

Section I, EvorapruM.—Panieles densely eorymbose. Flowers

in the spikelet usually 2, one only or rarely both fertile, without any

terminal empty glume or only a very minute one. Stem leafy through-

out with flat leaves.

1, C. mariscus, R, Br.; Kunth, Enum. ii, 303.—Stems 3 to 6 ft.

high, terete, leafy throughout and often producing tufts of leaves or

eafy branches from the upper axils. Leaves nearly erect, flat, the keel

empty glume. Stamens 2 or rarely 3. le-branches 3 or rarely 2.

Nut nearly as long as the glumes, almost drupaceous, the exocarp thick

especially the upper end and sometimes corky, the endocarp much

shorter and hard.—Beeckel. in Linnsza, xxxviii, 232 ; Reichb. Ie. Fl

Germ. t. 287; F, Muell. Fragm. ix. 14,

Queensland. Rockhampton, Thozet ; Bowen Downs, Birch.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

others,

Victoria. Port Phillip, R, Brown ; Yarra River, Adamson, F, Mueller ; War-

namboul, Sullivan,

S. A

ustralia. Tamunda, Behr z Lofty Range, Torrens River, P Mueller.

Widely dispersed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old Ta 4

over more temperate Asia and Europe, in North America replaced by a nearly

species.

SECTION I UMEA.—Panicles loose or thyrsoid or MS :

Flowers in the spikelet solitary, or if 2 or 3 the lower one only fertile,

with usually a small terminal glume either empty or with a agent

ry flower. Leaves chiefly at the base of the stem, tere a

or vertically flattened, or all’ reduced to sheathing scales (except ^

insulare ?).

‘the oar general habit, i i in the structure

of the spikelets, th habit, inflorescence, and to a certain degree in

era

ons. distribution of th ies between the two Et

adopted by Beeckeler does not appear to mie: to: ba justifod either by r,

Cladium.] CXLLLI. CYPERAOE E, 403

. C. insulare, Benth.—“ Leaves 5 to 6 ft. long; flower-stem

2 ft. higher" (O. Moore). Panicle much-branched, erect or rather

flexuose, 6 to 8 in. long and nearly as broad. Primary bracts loosely

smaller, more acute or aristate, passing into the glumelike bracts sub-

ded o

shortest. Flowers 2 or 3, all hermaphrodite but probably only one

fertile, their glumes about as long as the empty ones but narrower,

and a small terminal glume either empty or with a rudimentary flower.

Stamens 3. Style-branches 3. Fruit not seen.

|. S. Wal Lord Howe’s Island, side of Mount Lingbird, C. Moore. The

Specimens seen consist of panicles only, but indicate a species very differen an:

other known to me, approaching perhaps in some respects the C. artieulatum, though

the flat points to the bracts indicate flat blades to the leaves.

3. C. articulatum, R. Br. Prod. 237.—Stems 3 to 6 ft. high, terete

but marked with more or less distinet transverse septa almost disap-

pearing below the panicle. Leaves erect, terete and stemlike, the

pound, somewhat nodding, 1to 14 ft. long, the very numerous branches

and peduncles clustered within sheathing bracts, of which the lowest

m lin

hermaphrodite flowers, but usually only the lower one fertile. Glumes

broad, membranous, acute, the upper ones gradually narrower and

More obtuse but not shorter, 2 or rarely 3 outer ones empty and some-

times almost aristate, and the terminal one usually small empty or

with an imperfect flower. Stamens 3. Style-branches 3, short. Nut obo-

void, at first triquetrous, the broad obtusely conical or ovoid solid apex

Otten as long as the nucleus or —F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 14 ;

243.

y Seenslana, Rockingham Bay, Dailachy; Bowen Downs, Birch; "Brisbane

ver, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt and others.

ok - Wales. Port J Hunters River, R. Brown; Paramatta,

colls ; New England, C, Stuart.

ee ia. e Yarra, Adamson, Robertson, F. Mueller; Lake Terang, F.

veller ; Mount William Creek, Sullivan.

S ia. Onkaparinga, F. Mueller. S edd

NM Australi ing George's Sound, R. Brown, Maxwell, o Swan

Ver, Drummond, n, 358 or 858, and Murchison River, Oldfield.

Also in New Zealand and in New Caledonia.

4. C. arthrophyllum, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. l4.—Very closely

allied to the seven variety of. C. glomeratum, and intermediate as

Were between that and ©. articulatum. Stems terete Sad oe

404 'CXLII, CYPERACER. ( Cladium.

s ciliate and nuts entirely as in thats ee

srikrophyita, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 7 7; Baumea erthrophy a, De

in eme xxxviii. 242. i

W. Australia. Swan River, ane n, 1781, according to Nees, n . 1778 in

collections seen, Dr Tow n. 324 or 333. M

2 5. C. glomeratum, R. Br. Prod. 237.—Stems 1 to 3 TR

terete, rather slender. Lower leaves few, erect, terete, 6 in. get

ng or more, dilated into short sheaths, a few FN neatly

longer sheaths and shorter lamine. Spikelets in a ute vid

globular dense clusters 3 to 4 lines in diameter, the uei fie bem Do

p w pedunculate pec e, the upper ones on (x ate:

peduncles quer) in Ane axils of the sheathing braets, the BE

sessile in a more pov und ¢ CUPS the whole formin ng

rst. Cu

; €. dubium, Nees i in Sieb. Agrostoth. n n. 5, Spreng. ote

Post. 21; Baumea rub iginosa, and B. Brownii, Beckel. in

iii 241, 249.

. Newcastle Range and Gilbert River, F, Mue Rock-

Queensland. Moreton Ba ay an and Island, M'Gillivray, F. Mueller, Bailey ;

Manm, Thozet ; Bowen etm Bire others ; New

N.S. Wales. Port ort Jackson, R. n, Sieber, n, 535 and ag ini Moore.

England, C. Stuart ; ri lag Station, Tki. "Liverpool Plain

Tand,

localities from Portland and Wendu Vale o Gipps

Robertson, F. Mueller and "E others duca ud

"Tasmania. Abundant in clayey sandy moist places, J. 3 ; ooket

others,

S. Australia. Rivoli Bay, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown.

rse septa,

Var subseptatum. Leaves obscurely or irregularly warkot i we TTo this

but the spikelets in dense erect clusters and other other heaneteen fC. prias

E gla d bai Meridian and Tasmanian Freye:

he Baumea glomerata, Gand. in

w Zealan yery

my Bet alo, E Son the Malus app —— the plate to differ but

dy hes ve however seen

eso EG pio

Cladium.] CXLIII. CYPERACEE. 409

6. C. Preissii, F. Muell. Herb.—Stems 3 to 4 ft. high, much

flattened with rather acute edges below the inflorescence, the flowering

glabrous like the rest.—Baumea Preissii, Nees in Pl. Preiss, ii. 75 ;

Beckel. in Li .

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, Preiss, n. 1735; Port Gregory and

Murchison River, Oldjield.

7. C. laxum, Benth.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. high, much flattened.

Leaves at the base of the stem equitant, vertically flat, sometimes as

long as the stem but usually much shorter, straight or falcate, acute,

l to 3 lines broad. Panicle loose, thyrsoid, 2 to 4 in. long or some-

times the lower branches distant and pedunculate in the lower sheath-

b flowering ones. Stamens e-

Peas 3. Nut small, obovoid, crowned by the white adnate base of

he style.—Chapelliera laza, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 76; Bawmea laxa,

Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 245.

8 W. Australia. King George's Sound, Preiss, 5. 1763, Marwell, Oldfield ;

eters River, Preiss; Murchison River, Oldfield. ~ Evidently very closely allied to C.

the i, although placed by Nees in a different genus on account of the adnate base of

style being more distinct, at least in the specimens seen, in

edges, ending in a flat point, those higher on the stem or sages

i i ing into the

pikelets in erect clusters as | , glomeratum,

smaller; glumes ciliate as in that species, but with only one herma-

406 CXLIIL CYPERACER. ( Cladium.

alia. Drummond, n. 386, and according to Nees, Preiss, n. 1778, but

W. Austr : The

the specimens I have seen under that number belong to C. arthrophylium.

C. riparium is however easily recognised by Nees's characters.

K 9G; teretifolium, R. Br. Prod. 237.—Stems 1 to 3 ft. high,

terete or slightly compressed, striate but not angular. Leaves few,

h .

c se membranous sheath with a short erect point, the inicr

gradually smaller and more glume-like. Spikelets numerous, sessue,

2.to 27 lines long, with 1 hermaphrodite flower. G branous,

Queensland. Sandy Cape, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. d

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson and neighbourhood, R. Brown, Woolls and o

Also in New Zealand.

10. C. tetraquetrum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 95, t. 149.—Stems

. high or more, scarcely compressed, striate and often angular.

h 1

21 lines long, with 1 hermaphrodite flower. Glumes hort

keeled, acutely acuminate, ciliate, usually 3 empty, the outer one ShOM™

emp

long, marked with raised ridges or reticulations, shortly smoot le

base, crowned by the more or less distinct adnate base of the style: ‘4

B l. in Li a, xxxviii. 235; Lepidosperma tetragona, Labill.

Nov. Holl. i. 17, t. 17. w

am Walst Now England, C. Stuart. Nuts triquetrous and smooth

1 ; otherwise appears ies.

"ieminis. Common in moist planes Qoonghout the island, J. D. Hooker 8

Cladium.] CXLIII. CYPERACEF. 407

tralia. Mount Lofty Ranges, F. Mue.

ue J slenifoliwn. Leaves flat, 1 to 2 lines e strongly striate, with a promi-

nent m on each side. Inflorescence, e 2. 1-flowered spikelets, nuts, etc.

quite as in the normal C. Rape embed except

tppotching those of C. glo

: S. Wales. New England, C. Stua

Vice, oria, Goulburn et Upper Hume (Du F. Mueller.

M Fragm. ix. 15, proposes to pnto this and the following C. schenoides

with C. teretifolium. ‘They eat to me however to be constantly distinct

nearly allied. I have ee seen any aut res specimen of Labillardiére's Lepido-

sperma tetragonum, but the plate quoted so exactly represents the Cladium tetraque-

trum that I feel no Vm as to its identity. The minute hypogynous scales described

by those Ped vty seen By soe uh are probably the scars ui p4 the fallen s

Scheenoides, R. Br. Prod. 237.—Stems 6 in. to

without any raised midrib, rigid, sgt or ies ve Facute T eid

id. .

Pl. Noy. Holl. i. 18, t t. 18; S. fleas us, Nees in8ieb. Agrostoth. n. 18;

Baumen schænoides, Bæckel Linnsa, xxxviii. 246.

N.S. Wales, Port Jackson m neighbourhood, R. Brown, Woolls, C. Moore

ers.

a. On the Yarra, F. Mueller ; Mount William Flats, Su//ivan.

Tasmania, Dry heathy places, Gunn, Archer and others.

w. Australia, eae n. 331; Perongerup, F. Mueller.

Var. elon ngatum. Ste d leaves ote 1 ft. or more, the panicle longer, the

outer shea eathing br che wits à yar a ort lamina,

d. Moreton Island, F. Mueller.

= C. Gunnii, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 95, f. 148.—Stems slender

rigid, terete, from under 1 to 2 ft. high or even more, leafless

rete

‘nicle narrow, interrupted, with few erect esee sometimes almost

Spike-like, Lower vere bract with a short subulate or rarely a

Slume-like, S ikelets seule: distinct, somewhat

Glumes rather PAM us t at first but spreading when in fruit, the

flowering on bcn Mie, uc y acuminate, often 3 lines long,

408 CXLI. CYPERACER. [Cladium.

ol.

far)

> B

[em

-—

huc]

-—-

—)

Fragm. ix. 15; C. mw florum, Hook. f. 1. Yon, Gahnia sulcata, F. Muell.

Rem Gen. S mL 20 ; Schanus peace an Nees in Sieb. radice e p

æ.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stua

Victoria. Muddy ka Buifalo Range between Curdie's River and the Gelli-

— F. v ler ; Mount m, Sulliv

Near Form v b^ fita Nw ann: Oldfield; Mersey River

and creen C. Stua muc t : ane -

ustralia.

rae Lofty Range, F. Mueller.

Sieber's specimens are smaller than the generality of the southern ones, but they

agree the common form in the spreading glumes and all other characters. The

Species is also in New Cabana.

3... junceum, R. Br. Prod. 237.—Stems slender but rigid and

m like, from under 1 to above 2 ft. high, leafless except a few distant

closed abortis ges a very small erect or spreading lamina, or some-

terminal glume, with usually a male flower. Stamens

obovoid, EE as sary as the glume, very obtuse.— Bceckel. w Linnea,

ii. 237 5 f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 95 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ix.

Burnett Ties F. Mue

S. Wales. Port ackson, R. as Woolls; New England, C. Stuart,

ich Se River, Beckler ; Clarence River, Wileoz.

M: ; 2R. Brown d oth Jif, Darebin Creek, F.

Mueller ; French 1 Island, Bev ip, Mn ers ; Queense iff, Dare

E Nn: apendant t, sand laces in the

northern parts of the islan a, Fe re cmd E b B

Ww ACA St. Vinc ent's Gulf, F. Mueller ; Port Lincoln, J, S Brew

Rivers, Old oe rge’s s Sound, Maxwell ; Canning, Swan, an!

New Zealand.

Also in

C. pauciflorum, R. Br. Prod. 237, Aie wk Jackson, appears to be : variety of this

species, differing in the werd e leaf-sheaths being ulate instead of

very short and rather ol rese

forescencs, 3 ft. hgh’ or ‘on leafless except 1 or 2 long loose sheaths

e in erect points, one often 6 in. long. Panicle long

Cladium. | CXLIII. CYPERACEA. 409

xm. Australia, Drummond, n. 73; King George's Sound, F. Mueller ; Busselton,

ULLA a

Stamens 3. Nut oblong, obscurely triquetrous, as long as the glumes.

—Elynanthus australis, Nees in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vi. 48, and in PI.

Preiss, ii, 79.

„W. Australia. Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 103 and 890 ; York district, Preiss,

wit i

longer than the stem, the ical ones with dark brown more or less

the axils

narrow thyrsoid or spike-like panicle, the subtending bracts gradually

ed . Stamens 3. Nut narrow-oblong, triquetrous, pale-col d

9g. o nes long and not above } line broad.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii.

foil, hones filum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 18, t. 19; Basmea longi

ona, Beckel: in Linnga, xxxviii. 244.

410 CXLIIL CYPERACEA. [ Cladium.

Victoria. Melbourne, Adamson ; Portland, -Allitt ; St, Kilda and Queenscliff,

F. Mueller,

ia. Derwent River, R. Brown; Near Hobarton, Gun»; Swanport,

Story.

S. Australia. Port Adelaide and other localities on St. Vincent's Gulf, F.

Muelkr, Blandowski.

d inflorescence are so nearly those of Gahnia trifida, that „the speci-

mens of the two have often been confounded, and R, Brown's character appears to

have been chiefly taken from the latter.

25, GAHNIA, Forst.

(Morelotia, Gaudich. Lampocarya, R, Br.)

Nut obovoid ovoid or almost fusiform, obscurely or not all 3-angled,

usually smooth and shining when fully ripe, the endocarp hard, smoot

or transversely rugose inside, the exocarp but little thickened.—

along the inside or with involute margins so as to appear terete, pee

ending in long subulate points. Panicles either e loose few

drooping, or long and erect or spike-like. Spikelets black or in a 9 à 5

aments i i i

The genus extends to New Zealand, the Malayan Archipelago and the Pacific

islands. Ofthe Australian species, one appears to ie general over a great part of the

area, the others are all endemic. eae UnA

: y i by recent bo as generically distinct

Cladium, has been recently united with it by F. Mu c

Gahnia and the section Baumea of Cladium, neither the nut nor the stamens the two

constant ve characters in some few cases the habit of species of the

ere th.

» and above the flower or flowers cael

4h i x nes H the

the one or two flowering glumes are much shorter, and the fertilo flower heise

spikelet, there being no imperfect flower above i. Baumea never has ait

Gahnia. | CXLIII, CYPERACEX. 411

"ses wes many Gahnie have from 4 to 6. The peculiar foliage of Gahnia is

mplified in one species only of Baumea, some other characters, such as the black

constant. Almost

are

rally two flowers, the lowest, usually very precocious, he perfect oi with

an abortive pistil, the terminal one, always later and. sometimes very much so,

has b gans ec i ith the

lthough be er o

of most Species, and the spikelets are rosa! exceedingly numerous, y" those of

each specimen are generally in the same stage of development. In some the anthers

wer male flo

o t ripe

are hanging loosely about or have nari fallen n

that I have been able satisfactorily to follow the evsluginadt of the perfect flower

from the sd inm g bud to the ny e dien

In the s n Lampocary ya, includin e Sandwich Island E elotia, ignes

the lower ae flower is usually de ficient, emm although thereis no imperfect flow

above the fertile one, which thus as in other Gahnie usually termin yates the spikelet,

there is sometimes a small em ty g MS b group inter:

mediate as it were between Cladium and Gahnia as suggested by Brown, but much

nearer to the latter than to the form

Szor, I. Lampocarya Pte ets "T a single terminal hermaphrodite flower or

very rarely with a second male o erfect one.—Panicle long and narrow, the spikelets

in tia clusters or short spikelike | Vrai sessile or shortly pedunculate eee the

achi

"wh 3 P 4 lines long. Pieve glumes broad and

ite se. Nuts about 3 lines long. Stamens

: ease 4. QV UMNMFG,

Spikelets wailed 2 lines Nuts 1 to 1 lines lon. ng.

Clusters of spikes globular, Glumesaristate. Stamens

$a 4 2. G. trifida.

Clusters of Spikcleia. at first oblong. Gime ‘broad,

shortly acumin: Stamens 3, rare. . 9. G. melanocarpa.

Secr, IT, E pikelets with a termina E teins Jlower and a pre-

VA ECL

cocious male or barren one below it.—Panicles (except in G. Sieberi) loose, narrow, thyr-

soid or spreading

Panicles ina and narr Leaf-sheaths not bearded,

Spikelets densely clustered i in short spikelike branches.

Leaves at the base of the stem long, citt with

"3 points. . ach : 4. G. Sieberi.

elets small in a lo loose narrow panic Hg

Lea ve long, scabrous, x fe oa anne oe poin 5. G. micróstachya.

Spikelets small in loose w spikelike gisto

Leaves en the ra ne ation — with hooked

. ,9r recurved points . 6. G. polyphylla.

Panicles narrow, erect. Spikelets orc Leaf-sheaths

bearded at the orifice icc

Spikelets distinct or nearly :

Ves smooth, wi a hated or recurved LEM. . . T. Q. ancistrophylla.

. 8. Q. lanigera.

]

1 ves smooth, a subulate erect points. x

“Ears ood clustered Leaves Ne erect points. cp E

Selves irme : ; S de G. deusta.

Panicles th very compound, with erect branches.

nner sese dec rums rere

412 CXLIH. OYPERACES, ( Gahnia.

Panicle very black, 3 to 6 in, long. S, Eastern species. 11. G. radula.

i 4 ft. long . . 12. Œ decomposita.

Panicle large, with spreading or drooping branches.

Outer empty glumes acuminate or aristate, not much

rter than the inner.

Panicle dense. Nuts at length red. . . . . . . 13. G. tetragonocarpe.

Panicle loose and drooping. Nuts at length black . 14. G. xanthocarpa.

Outer glumes numerous, short, obtuse or slightly É

acuminate. . . . . . . , . . . . . , . 15. Q. peittacorum.

Srerrow I. Lampocarya.—Spikelets with a single terminal vun

phrodite flower, or rarely with a second male or imperfect one. Panicle

long and narrow, the spikelets in compound clusters or short spikelike

branches, sessile or shortly pedunculate along the main rhachis.

short compound sessile spikes in the axil the upper or floral leaves,

forming a dense spikelike slightly interrupted leafy panicle ;

leafy bracts very long, with sho ths, pper gradually shor er

glumes.—Beeckel. in Linnza, xxxviii. 944; Lampocarya aspera,

Prod. 238; Cladium asperum, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 12.

N. Australia. Taylor's Range, F. Mueller. - Rock-

d. Keppel Bay, Broad Sound and Shoalwater Bay, R. Br eh More-

y, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy, Thozet ; Ipswich, Nernst;

. Peel's

~ es. Ag Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Bees, pA sid ; eri

Range, A. Cunningham; Hastings River, Beckler ; Macleay River, C. AWBITÀ

mond River, Mrs. Hodgkinson; Clarence River, Wilcox; southward to Ma

A. Cunningham,

x i

Also the same or a very closely allied species in New Caledonia and "a

Islands ; and the Sandwich perse d G. globosa, H. Mann, or G. mucronata,

may also be not really distinct. Pan

Hezalepis seabrifolia, Beckel. in Flora, 1875, 118, from Brisbane S pid nuts of

Dietrich, appears to me to be that state or variety of G, aspera, in wbioh. de

a straw-colour or rarely dark brown and opaque are not yet forced out y Wales 8$

Gahnia. | . CXLIII. CYPERACEF. 413

well as from Queensland with straw-coloured sessile nuts, and others with brown

shining exserted hanging nuts have been sent as belonging to one species.

Victoria. Albert River, Gipps Land and Wilson's Promontory, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown; Southport, C. Stuart; Swanport,

tory, i

W. Australia. King George’s Sound, Muir; Swan River, Preiss, n. 1780,

Drummond, n. 901; Murchison River, Oldfield.

Var. effusa. Panicle more branched and looser.—Kojonerup, Mazvwell.

This species, though so closely allied in structure to @. aspera and G. — ag

; y wd

d othe

INO chiefiy if not entirely from the Gahnia. He had indeed failed to reco

iè

abillardiere's plant, which he rightly refers (from the figure and description) to

his genus Lauper Af ing out the numerous specimens of bo Mueller’s

and other herbaria I have found the 3 ns and long narrow straw-

3-angled

i and the 4 to 6 stamens and short obtuse obovoid dark-coloured

nut of G, trifida, quite constant, besides that G. trifida may be generally distin-

guished without examination by the clusters of spikelets shorter, broader, more dense

more aristate than in C. filum.

at the base, very compound, with erect spikelike or thyrsoid branches,

the lower ones 2 to 4 in. long, the upper much shorter, very narrow

; d in fruit.

r den smaller bracts

rtly aristate, those under the spikelets almost glume-like. Spikelets

Very numerous, more or less clustered, scarcely above 1j lines long.

-< Outer empty glumes about 3, acuminate and almost aristate, 1 or 2

414 CXLITI. CYPERACER, [Gahnia.

with empty glum

specimens examined. Stamens 3 or rarely 4, at length much elongated.

Nut small, obovoid or ovoid, black and shining when quite ripe.—

Cladium melanocarpum, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 18

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; northward to New England, C. Stuart ;

Hastings River, Beckler, C. Moore; near Bulli, Johnson; southward to Nangat

Range, Twofold Bay, F. Mueller.

mor. Il.

hermaphrodite flower and a second male, or if hermaphrodite sterile,

below i : i d

> 4. G. Sieberi, Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 343.—Stems terete, 2

ft. high or more. Leaves long, with involute scabrous margins, ending

er s rat on ort, W

oblong or spikelike clusters of spikelets. Lower bracts with long

subulate leafy points or lamin, the upper ones graduall smaller and

the secondary ones passing into glume-like bracts subtending the spike-

alone fertile. Stamens in all the flowers examined 4. Style-branches

3, undivided. Nut oblong, smooth, 3-angled.— Didymonema_filifolia,

Presl, Diss. 1829 and Symb. Bot. 6, t. 3, and on his authority Aisne

teretifolia, Presl, in Isis. 1828; Gahnia psittacoram, Nees in ee

Agrostoth. n. 13, not of Labill; Melachne Sieberi, Schrad., accor P

to Nees in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, vi. 50; Caustis Siebert, Kunth,

Enum. ii. 307 ; Cladiwm Sieberi, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 14.

N.S. Wales. Port J i ls, Sieber, The habit

approaches that of G. melanocarpa, but the characters are rather those of tho fll

5. G. microstachya,

terete. Leaves few at the base of the stem and nearly as long, "ht

scabrous invol ins, ending in long subulate terete SIT.

an d d Panic

Gahnia.] CXLIII. CYPERACEZX. 415

the secondary ones almost glume-like, but all aristate. Spikelets the

smallest in the genus, all distinct, sessile or pedicellate, scarcely 1 line

long. Glumes about 3 empty, acuminate, the outer 1 or 2 shorter.

Flowering glumes about as long as the innermost em one or the

tamens 3 or in most of the flowers examined 4. tyle-branches 3,

undivided. Nut oblong, obtusely triquetrous, obtuse, rather shining,

about as long as the glume. .

N.S.Wales. Barren situations north of Bathurst, 4. Cunningham.

Victoria, Higher drier parts of the Avon Ranges, F. Mueller.

pes acute or with short points, the upper ones obtuse. Flowers 2,

hermaphrodite, the upper one alone fertile. Stamens 5 or6. Style-

ranches 3, undivided. Nut not seen.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 102, 253.

7. G. ancistrophylla, F. Muell. Herb. (as a Cladium):—Stems

slender, tufted, from under 1-ft. to 13 ft. high. Leaves chiefly at the

base the stem and sometimes nearly as long, subulate, smooth,

ending in long hooked or recurved points, the brown sheaths bearded

at the orifice with woolly hairs. Panicle long and narrow, sometimes

i rt er

not longer, or a few with awns slightly exceeding the spikelet. Glumes

acute, scarcely aristate, 6 to 9 empty, the outer ones shorter, the flower-

mg ones obtuse and membranous, the inner one small. Flowers 2,

both hermaphrodite, the upper one alone fertile. Stamens 3 or very

4. 8

.G. i ra, Benth.—Stems slender, 8 in. to above 1 ft. high.

ves mostly shorter, quite smooth, subulate, tapering into long fine

e arrow, ;

p artial panicles all erect, the bracts under the spikelets glume-like and

ly longer than them. Spikelets 1} to 2 lines long, not clustered.

416 CXLITI. CYPERACES. [ Gahnia.

Empty glumes 5 or 6, narrow, acuminate, almost aristate, the outer

ones scareely shorter. Flowering glumes acute or obtuse, the inner

one small and membranous. Flowers 2, both hermaphrodite, the upper

one alone fertile. Stamens usually 3, but sometimes 5. Style-brauches

3, undivided. Nut ovoid-oblong, smooth.—Cladiwm lanigerum, 2

Prod. 287; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 14

P eds mt Port Lincoln, R. Brown, J. S. Browne; St, Vincent's Gulf, F.

uetter. .

Drummond ; Point Irwin, Oldjield. The leaves in these speci-

mens are rather longer and the stems taller than in the South Australian ones. To

them appears referrible Cladium medium, R. Br. 1. om King George’s Sound, —

the flowers on his specimens are still very young. In Oldfield's specimens I fi

generally 5 stamens but in Drummond’s there are 3 only as in the South A

9. G. aristata, F. Muell. Herb. (as a Cladium).—Stems terete, 1

to 2 ft. high. Leaves crowded at the base of the stem, long, m

terete, and often chanelled but quite smooth, with long straight iln

points, the brown sheaths bearded at the orifice with woolly wn

Paniele long, narrow, almost spikelike but interrupted, the —

branches distant, generally 2 or 3 of the partial panicles sessi 4 A

shortly peduneulate within the sheath and all erect. Lowest Ain

with a long brown sheath and erect subulate lamina often excee 5

acuminate or aristate, the outer ones scarcely shorter, the po^ dd

glumes shorter and obtuse, Flowers 2, both hermaphrodite, 9u

upper one alone fertile. Stamens 3. Nut not seen. "M

W. Australia. Drummond, n, 889; Upper Kalgan River, Oldfield; Upper 7"

River, F. Mueller, Miss Warburton.

deusta, Benth.—Stems terete, 1 ft. high or rather more.

10. G. M M

Leaves shorter or nearly as long, with scabrous involute margins € rage

wer ones peduneu ate, th ermost

Primary bracts long and subulate with black sheaths, the UP o

and secondary ones gradually smaller and passing into the glum

istat

he margins especially near the base

bearded on

lines long, narrow-lanceolate. Empty glumes 3 or 4, long and "sd y

acutely acuminate, slightly ciliate or bearded on the margins OF e

ab :

[à rous, the 2 es membranous, the innermost sm» alone

aline. Flowers 2, both hermaphrodite, but the upper 999 ^. 3,

fertile. Stamens usu Style-branches in the perfect e i

indi ided. Nut ovoid-oblong, obtusely triquetrous, obtuse, Pu

Bot shining. - Clodium deustum, R. Br. Prod. 237; F. Mu

Gahnia.] OXLIII. CYPERACER. 417

S. Australia, Memory Cove, R. Brown; Port Lincoln, J. S. Browne; Lake

Alexandrina, F. Mueller,

ll. G. radula, Benth.—Stems 14 to 3 ft. high. Leaves very long,

with involute seabrous margins, ending in long subulate points. Panicle

compound, thyrsoid, black, usually 8 to 6 in. long, but sometimes much

longer, with numerous erect branches. One or two lower bracts with

long subulate leafy points or lamin», the others gradually smaller and

more glume-like. Spikelets very. numerous, black, not clustered, erect,

narrow, 2 to 3 lines long. Glumes altogether 6 to 8, 2 or 3 outer ones

empty acute or acuminate, the inner empty ones shorter and obtuse, and

the almost hood-shaped flowering ones closely enveloping the flowers

Flowers 2, both hermaphrodite, but the upper one alone fertile.

Victoria, chiefly about Melbourne, Robertson, Adamson, F. Mueller and others ;

French Island, Beveridge.

M ia. Derwent River, R. Brown ; Hobarton, Gunn ; Swanport, Herb. F,

ueller.

e to the stage of

flowering of the specimens or to distinct varieties. Sieber’s specimens, th,

n. 11, erroneously named by Nees Cladium filum, may belong to G, radula, but the

spikelets are still too young for determination and I Lr lie no specimen of the

There seems to be much diversity in the degree of development of the inner

th is du

r4 {

12. G. decomposita, Benth.—Stems “in dense tussacs 6 to 9 ft.

high” (Oldfield). Leaves very long, rigid, with involute very scabrous

: ) adium decompositum, R. Br. Prod. ;

Eee Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 87; Cladium Preissii, F. Muell. Fragm.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Oldfield, F. Mueller; Swan

— Preiss, n, 1806, dion d, n. 16. In these Swan River specimens the bracts

"e TH, o

418 CXLTIT. CYPERACER®. [ Gahnia.

are not so broad and the awns finer, and they are therefore not so conspicuous as in

the typical ones. F. Mueller refers Drummond's n. 259 to the same species, but the

specimens are not in a state to be determined satisfactorily.

3. G. tetragonocarpa, Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 347.—Stature

and foliage the same as in G. psittacorum, and panicle as large with

spreading branches and exceedingly numerous spikelets, but the spike-

of the ovary, but the number of stamens may not be constant. Style-

branches 8. Nut ovoid, brown or red, at length smooth and sbimng.

Victoria. Muddy Creek, F. Mueller ; Mount William Creek, Sullivan ; Mount

Imlay, Lockhart Morton,

P 14. G. xanthocarpa, Hook. f. Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 306.—Stems 8

^ to9ft. high. Leaves 5 to 6 ft. Jong, with involute very scabrous

margins, ending in long subulate points. Panicle large and im

often above 1 ft. long, the very numerous branches karnert to one side

i s ofte in.

and ss drooping, the lower ones o ong OF th

wer bracts with long subulate leafy points, upper one tly wi

close sheaths and short points but very variable. Spikelets very

numerous, sessile but not closely packed, nearly 3 lines long sti

gl to 8, aristate ; flowering ones shorter, very t ith s eri

points. Flowe the outer one male inute rudimentary

pistil, the inner one hermaphrodite and fertile. Stamens 4; filament

very long. Style-branches 3, undivided. Nut ovoid-oblong, ligne

coloured or black, smooth and shining when quite ripe.——Cla

xanthocarpum, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 13.

N.S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, Milne, M'Gillivray, C. Moore, Fullagar-

Also in New Zealand.

15. G. psittacorum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 89, t. 115.—Stems

Stout, terete below the inflorescence, 4 to 8 ft. high. Leaves ps “4

Gahnia.] CXLIUI. CYPERACEA. 419

same glume, outer one male and very gr iin the inner one herma-

phrodite and fertile. Stamens in each 4 or rarely 5 or 6; filaments

moderately or very long after flowering. Siglo brndidbén usually 4 of

equal length, but one om aa deeply divided so as to appear 5, at

least in the rather numerous flowers examine Nut ovoid, hatd(

very smooth and shining, f. a rich brown red she quite ripe or rarely

pale Hersam reeh 2 lines long in the larger Tasmanian form scarcely

above half s long in some varieties.—R. BE Prod. 238 ; Hook. f. Fi.

Tasm. ii. 97; Bæckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 345; Cladism fium and C.

radula, Nees in Sieb. Laer, n. 11 and 12, not of R. Br.; Cladium

ud F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 18; G. Sieberiana, Kunth, Enum

River, Mrs orkaan.

i Portland, All

y Tasmania. Abun dant fos the island, J. D. Hooker; King's Island,

ate,

S. Australia. Rivoli Bay, F. Mue

W. Australia.? There is a specime aem in the Hookerian herbarium marked

King Geor rge's Sound, Collie, but as there is no jo oU eee in our herbaria from

that well-searched locality it is probable there is some mist

The species, easily distinguished ng all the large black cure hg by the

mone T of short c loei ^ imbricate pub eos is Mr ariable in of these

icm ume rds d r less obtuse; in the length to w iid pru E ts protrude —

TE I eras and especially in the size of ane nu ; r typical

amanina form, A which I have only seen a very few x 8. Walos specimens, the

e is about 2 lines long. In the majority of the N. S. Wales specimens and a few

uu southern pais the spikelets are smaller, the glumes rather less obtuse, the

un usually but not always less conspicuous and the nuts very much smaller,

: : pe I

fred, perhaps notripe. I should also, from the de escriptions, refer to the small-

ted Port Jokin ler = G. Urvilleana, Kunth, Enum. ii. 332, dit ri gonio.

E oxylepis. Glumes rather fi d more acuminate, but I can find no other

ce. i

diff

26. CAUSTIS, R. Br.

(Eurostorrhiza, Steud.).

"Sasi with d oo flower and often 1 male one below

P. "o D unisexual by abortion. Glumes 3 or 4, im-

bia a = row He achis, acuminate or aristate, @ or 2 outer emp

M slender, der, with D ck hard hunter n base ; "gman 3,

the seri

490 CXLITI. CYPERACES. [ Caustis.

erect and s tor numerous eurved flexuose or revolute, the sho

sterile branchlets and po clustered within each sheath. Spike-

lets. sometimes uni ortion, the ndis —_ females on

The genus is endem ralia. Some specimens assume so much t d ——

of some A anms of Hs SN t (Restiaces) as to be occasionally confoun

them in herbaria.

cee eerie ?) hermaphrodite and e cup Beak

dage to the nut large ind dis

Flower g branch hes erect and straight Spi kelets — dr

y pedunculate. Stamens usually 5 ( 4 to 6), 1. C. pentandra.

Podiocls slender , solitary or few W topit her in clusters o

uose or mirage branchlets. Stamens 3. 2. C. flexuosa.

Bylkilete u unieexnal by abortion, the atin and females on

separate ste: ppendage to the nut small o:

cal and quite

ontinuo

Sheathing ecd zit ciliate, tapering to a point. Eastern

speci

Female pedicels rigid, recurved, in a of flexuose dà

or Rotes branchlets. Stamens 5 3. C. recurval’.

Female sR : cs on Mendes Go or scarcely :

flexuose am. Stamens usuall 4. C. restacet.

Sheathing ponies mg eee eimi: me ciliate, with

RE or leaflike pum or laminz. Sta- bic

> . 5. C. dioica.

^ 1. C. pentandra, R. Br. Prod. 240. Stems 2 je high or yt

terete below the branches, but the branches when 2 or more n gu

ter flattened or excavate along the inner side with p ang'es ©

minutely pubescent, si long mebulee points or awns. Stamens de

the traps h

sistent no -base oblon ow d p Se nt, larger than the nut.

Hook. f. e ; F. Muell. tara. i 10: o eri

Uri Mae I "Gun. ii. 265.

in the

JM n SU. Jt de ies, dan ge Su pe

r. a Gli Rives” Ro uus: bak fle Wile ees Gipps

LE We

story:

Sandy heaths, northern part of f the island, Gunn ; Swanport, 5a,

Lucky Bay, R. Brown. Some specimens of Drummond,

$44, in a bad state, » May possibly also belong to this species.

Caustis.] CXLIII. CYPERACES, 421

tered branches filiform, 1 to 2 in. long or even yes all very flexuose

orincurved. Sheathing scales brown, with short erect points. Spike-

lets single, on pedicels mixed with the clustered branches and resem-

bling them, very narrow linear, 3 to 4 lines long, all apparently equally

fertile. Glumes narrow, acute, the lower empty ones shorter and

More aristate. Persistent style-base brown, often as long as the nut

and slightly contracted at the base, more or less pubescent at the time

of flowering, usually glabrous on the ripe nut.— , Enum. ii. 306,

partly ; Guillem. Ic. Pl. Austral. t. 14; F. Mu rll Fragm. ix, 19;

Restio crispatus, Nees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 37.

n, Armstro

pape Moreton per Island, F. ` Mueller

. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Brown, Woolls and

a Con a s Creek, yim ald ; Castle Creek, pora quom New England, C.

Stuart ; southward to Ill awarra, A Cunningham.

Victoria. East Gipps Land, Walker

3. C. recurvata, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 26.—Stems knotted and

almost bilbe at the base, unisexual but the males and females often

the inner one ae a acuminate. Female uote much shorter,

b on short flexuose or involute pedicels. Stamens usually 5 or

rely fewer, without anthers in the females. Style-branches. 3, the

style usually rudimentary in the males. Nut ovoid-oblong, —

nto the na Muell. F

3.19; Restio uncina tus, Nees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n

H. N. s. Males. Port Jackson, C. Moore, Fitzgerald; Richmond River, Mrs,

odg kinson

et Sieberi, — - originally referred by Nees in Linnsa, ix. 301,

transferrin P a mistake which he corrected in Ann. Nat, Hist. ser. 1. vi. 50,

to the Eee. Sieberi

at; C restiacea, F. Muell. Herb—Stems nearly 2 ft. high, knotted

tt the base and unisexual as in C. recurvata, of which this may possibly

Variety, but much more y dicii, and the female d

times hot more flexuose than the males, the peduncles and ultimate

ranches as slender as in C. flexuosa. Male Bera het than in

422° CXLIIL, CYPERACER. [ Caustis:

C. flexuosa, smaller than in O. recurvata. Stamens in the males and

filaments in the females 4 in all the specimens examined. Nut ovoid,

oot or thickened base of the style much smaller ‘than the nut

N. S. Wales. Berrima, Mi pd Meer where it is much used for carpet brooms.

Victoria. Grampians, F. Mue

. C. dioica, R. Br. Prod. 239.-- Stems rigid, knotted and almost

lbo at the base, 6 in. to 14 ft. high, unisexual, the males witk

short erect flowering byiteélióh and few short subulate barren ones, the

aristate, slightly pubescent, the outer ones rather rigid. Stamens

. Female spikelets smaller, all on recurved rigid flattened oF

angular pedicels mixed in with the clustered branchlets, the at

more membranous than in the males. Barren fimo ur z^ t

Fragm. ix. 19; 0. hexandra, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 88. -

W. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King George's pol and neighbour

pravae n. 94, Preiss, n. 1697, F. Mueller ; Swan River, Preiss, n. 1698;

chison River Oldfield.

e specimens from Drummond's first Swan River collection are d

able for kr the Teaf-sheaths being mint into linear-subulate erect or Sprea

27. ARTHROSTYLES, R. Br.

- Spikelets with a single hermaphrodite flower or rarely with a second

uis er. Glumes several, all inb the Wepermaskd 1 or2 empty imbricate

all round the rhachis, Hypogynous bristles none, Stamens or per

nodia 6, filaments 3 short vith, nel t e 3 muc p

very deciduous (or without?) anthers. Style haizi , thickened om

base, articulate and falling off below the thickening ; Ms

tigma

3, ae ee densely cottony-woolly. Nut obovoid-globulas tb ged

-angled, very obtuse.—Perennial, ieee cept the sheath

at the base. . Spikelets in a small terminal he m^

for

The genus as above ch to the single Au an species

the three from the Mascarene Islands, from Coyle [o hi syle

associated with it have neither the ts nor the peculiar Er of ds they

Ind Bhe-ahepe of the keita all ayes them a very different as Whe

aspect.

iated with Fimbristylis from which they tire

nearly as Ky s docs from C chaps a

Siler should So ME dy temo ge oe pu in to bé

Arthrostyles. | CXLIIL CYPERACEA. 423

determined by er ghee: hirr work up the Indian flora. e Chinese species I

g the hyp yrogyanik itr sues as Hance. The three

papi short a =a EDEN very long by the time the flowering is over and loose

their anthers, but can scarcely have been Br A m for SUAE

aphylla, R. Br. Prod. 229, not of Backel.—Stems from a

short thick rhizome erect, more or less tufted, rigid, more or less

flattened, from very slender to about 1 line broad, 1 to 1; ft. high, the

owering stems after their own stems have perished. Terminal head

of spikelets PE globular or eei y 3 to 4 li Ey cin

Outer bracts lan hà acuminate or almost subulate, 1 or 2

nearly as lo ong as P ad, the others subtending i spikelets

gradually passing into the glumes. Spikelets numerous an

the head, 13 to n nearly 2 lines long. GHütnee about 7, the Mierda

flowering one oblong-lanceolate, acute, membranous, obscurely 3- or 5-

nerved, the others gradually shorter and broader, all empty in the

spikelets examined, but Mord to Boeckeler there is sometimes a

Second male flower. Auther of the longer stamens when present

exserted, those of the dator | ones included. Style Lebe recurved

an very conspicuous from their white pubescence. Nut whitish,

Smooth or under a dita 3 lens minutely reticulate . — Fimbristylis

aphylla, F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 9, as to the Australian plant ; F. piens :

culmis, diem kel. in tine” xxxviii. 3

x tralia. Croker’s Island, A. Cunningham; near Providence Hill, F.

wei > Port Essington, sicot aot eid Darwin, Schultz, n. 655.

Q and. Endeavour Riv

F m ED found rile six filaments in ten 28 I iar as in Cunningham’s,

a Mueller's , and Armstrong’s. R. Brown in his ¢ ter does not mention the

1 umber of stamens. In most cases; by the ti ime the vw brstidhok aré w

onger filaments are I anthers, but in the bud Ihave generally seen one at

least, and on. once all three

28. REEDIA, F. Muell.

ah Spikelets n numerous, in al ng eylindrieal spik e enclosed in the

a eaths of long leafy bracts, with 1 hevtosphridia pen 1 or 2 male

Owers below it. Glumes imbricate all round the chati all empty

Se Pt the 2 or 3 upper ones. No hypogynous or bristles.

ag 6 erate 5?). Style terete, with 3 short adii branches.

art. Stems very tall, from within a dense tuft of long leaves,

erwise deseas. Spikelets small.

single species is endemic in

wt R- spathacea, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 240, t. 10.—Stems from a

ick iier base terete, slender but rigid, teri 6 ft. high. Leaves

mu numerous and densely crowded at the base of the stem, often 2 ft.

ane Oor more, spreading, the outer ones 4 to 5 5 lines ti

ated int o br rown imbricate bases 3 to 4 in. long and 13 to2 in.

424 CXLIIL. CYPERACEAX. | Reedia.

W. Austr Marshy sea-coast, between King George’s Sound and DA mouth

ofthe Gordon River, 4. Gregory ; near Cape D'Entrecastreaux, Governor Weld.

29. EVANDRA, R. Br.

Spikelets paniculate or few in a cluster, with 2 flowers both nies

phrodite or the lower one male only. umes imbricate all roun

hachis, all

The genus is limited to Australia,

Stem leafy throughout, Spikelets numerous in a long loose M

" " v panicle. Glumesaristate . . . . . . . l. E. aristata.

tem leafy at the base only. Spikelets 2 or 3 in a terminal Tues

cluster. umes aca eek et ae iW ot 2. E, paucifiora

H M e

l. E. aristata, R. Br. Prod. 239. Stems from a igni m

2 to 3 ft. high, obtusely triquetrous. Leaves distant, long an eet

but flat, with scabrous margins, those on the stem with blac i

u * *

p within sheathing braets ending in subulate points. xm

ets oblong, 6 to 9 lines long. Empty glumes 15 or more, the oute with

ad ured, wit®

small

very thin and hyaline without any subulate point. Stamens 16 1o

Evandra. | CXLIIL. OYPERACEX. 425

W. Australia. King George's Sound and adjoining districts, R. Brown, Drum-

mond, n. 397 ; Preiss, n. 1719, Oldfield, F. Mueller and many others.

^ie of the anthers not so long as in Æ. aristata.—Hook. le.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; also Drummond, n. 362.

Trize IV. ScrnERIEX.—Flowers strictly unisexual in unisexual or

androgynous spikelets. No utricle enclosing thefemales. Ovary and

uut seated on a disk.

30. SCLERIA, Berg.

(Diplacrum, R. Br. Sphsropus, Beckel.)

flowers always solitary in the spikelet, the males usually several,

i spi mes

Site the lamina. Spikelets in clusters or smal] corymbose or oblong

: m terminal and axillary, or in a large compound terminal

cle.

— genus is generally spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the

or ding also i te i

and the Old World, exten into the temperate regions of North

. the thirteen Australian i widely spread over tropical

Asia, two or three of them also in ca, two are at least Malayan

maining six appear to be endemic. No species has

n in New Zealand. The habit of the genus is very variable, but not more

than that of Schenus, and although it has been divided by Nees and others into

ozen

and distinct sectional characters beyond

the fo wing series are founded chiefly on inflorescence.

Sers I, —-Smallannuals. Spikelets small, strictly unisezual, in little

Szillary or terminal sessile clusters, the males with 1 to 3 flowers,

Two upper glumes of the female spikelets enclosing the

Sooko Us 19. 3 45. OU E ees

nut and 1. S. caricina,

426 ^ OXLIIL. CYPERACE X. [Seleria.

female spikelets enclosing the

Two Dope peon of the female = ele ng +1 2: Aand

Series II. Laxm. Weak plants under 1 fi., probably annual. Spiele: qa

AR: in Piney clusters or few in loose spikes, the males with several flowers

Spikelets in axillary me or small cymes. Outer per-

cer oh i n aai upular, inner adnate, very

d ortly 3-lobed . . S. rugosa.

Spikelets 9 small, in loose spikes. Outer disk «scarcely i

prominent, inner adnate, shortly 3-lobed . 4 S. laza.

" Serres ITI. Subspicatee.— Perennials. Inflorescence scarcely dim am rtile

ua) more or less androgynous or at pm with empty glumes above the female flow

Nut tubereulate. Disk-lobes broad, membranous, eins E ae

. Nut pata ipe aca s Outer persistent disk cup T E Ud lithosperma.

Nut tuberculate Ma. reticulate, Disk-lobes s adnate, MM 7. S. tesselata.

s IV. Polystachyse.— Perennials. ges branched, axillary and terminal.

B unisexual or the fertile ones dd ogyno

rerom with acute angles scarcely or not at all

Panicles scarcely branched. Nut tuberculate or reticu- ^

late. Disk-Jobea very short and oar e 7, S. tesseiata.

Panicles dense, with nu spikele dde

Nut per be Lu shining. Disk lobes broad, o m 8. S. margaritifora.

Nut de ec E m smooth | Disk-lobes os broad, a. 8i coegi

Leaf-sheaths distinctly win winged on the an

Panicles loose, not much branched. PE HE acute . 10. S. hebecarpa.

Panicle dense with numerous long subulate bracts, ud ob

Disk road, usually very obtuse . . . . . ll. S. chinensis.

i a

SERIES Macrostachys,— Panicle single, large, loose and very compound, o”

long e M peduncle,

ı Disk-lobes obscure... aoig 1.5... al odei s M2. S. oryroides:

I» plastered, iñ numerous

Serres VI, Dioice. pth t , small, d.

short axillary and terminal panicles,

Disk-lobes broad, membranous, KUNDE 1125 Gees vM npn

S. setoso-asperula, Boeckel. in Flora, 1875, 120, ad Lake Elp P

D ietrieh, is described as having the inflorescence aud o ther checks ers of the Su the St

cate, with narrow leaves scabrous or setulose on the upper surface, sm a pod dat

y entend ride! cete rh the disk obsolete. I do not identify Y

SERIES I. ÅXILLARE vidali aim uals. Spikelets small, str! ji ee

unisexual, in little axillary or eto iat sessile clusters, the males

1 to 3 flowers. Stamens 1 or 2.

ls . caricina, Benth.—A diffuse hpanobi annual, attaining

to 9 in. "but often smaller, Leaves linear o is ear-lauceolate, obtuse

Seleria.] CXLIII. CYPERACEJE. 427

or acute, j to 2 in. long, the sheaths striate and keeled. Spikelets

unisexual, under 1 line long, in little dense axillary clusters sessile or

very shortly pedunculate, each spikelet in the axil of a thin glume-like

bract. Male spikelet: Glumes about 3, very thin and narrow;

flowers usually 2, each with 1 or 2 stamens. Female spikelet: Glumes

usually 3, the 2 inner ones ovate-lanceolate, acute, with an acute tooth

on Baagh side shorter than the central point ; flower 1 only, without any

ty. glumes above it. Nut closely enveloped in. the 2 enlarged

Hoa nerved glumes, globular, reticulate and pitted, slightly hispid.

Disk adnate, small, with a scarcely prominent 3-angled or 3-lobed

ay ,E

margin. men acrum caricinum, R. Br. Prod. 241; Kun num, ii.

360; Endl. Iconogr. t. 25; Beckel in un xxxvii. 434;

on Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. Bot. t. 26.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.

Common in tropical Asia from Ceylon to Hongkeng and the Malayan Archipelago,

The close connection of this plant with Sele ia was suggested by Brown, but it was

generically separated on account of the Rrgeg homology of es 2 glumes enclosing

the fruit with the perigynium or utricle of Carex, which however has been since

shown to be a mistake, The habit of te plant is indeed very diiéeent from that of

the larger species of Scleria, being that of Schanus fat Ea but the difference is not

greater than in Schenus, and, as in that t genus, there is too close a series of intermediate

Species to justify a generic separation.

d S. pygmeza, R. Br. Prod. 240.—A dwarf auem. aunual,

rarely exceeding 2'in. Leaves ied Disco ees vii ito 1 in. long

Spikelets unisexual, 1 to 13 lines long, very numerous in little axillary

te .

or 2 stamens. Female spikelet : Glumes usually 3, the inner ones

lanceolate, acutely acuminate, finely several-nerved, quite entire but

dilated on the middle, with membranous apricis enclosing the

fruit; no empty glumes above the flower. Nut globular, about 4 line

diameter, prominently 3-ribbed, tuberculate-rugose between the ribs.

iak small, y ^ne, with 3 slight ly 1 bh c semi-circular lobes.—

F. Muell . 22; Hypoporum pygme Nees in Linnea, ix. 303 ;

Sp ‘Susi pygmeus, Beeckel. in jj nti pe xxxviii. 436.

N. Australia. Port rt Darwin, Schultz. n

n. 260.

pQreenstand. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Rockingham Bay,

— Beeckeler, in the Linnza, xxxviii. io iit under m — of Diplaerum pyg-

LO an African plant which he bere to be the same as Brown's Scleria pugnet,

ut which has more the elongated habit of S. caricina, and diff ers essentially

both in the minute nuts with several longitudinal raised nerves or pe

Primary ones, otherwise quite smooth, and the disk very minute or quite obsolete.

failed to recognise Brown's S. pygmæa in Schultz's specimens, " irobably from

ist overlooked the male — which in an advanced stage of inflorescence are

much pais Aus d. as - "runs tofind. Ihave seen them however in

428 CXLIII, CYPERACEA. [Scleria

Serres Il. Laxæ.— Weak plants, under 1 ft. and probably

annual. Spikelets strictly unisexual, in axillary clusters or few in

loose spikes, the males with several flowers, the females without empty

glumes above the flower. Stamens usually 2.

with 1 or 2 peduaculate clusters or flowering branches with the ey

one in the lo axils, the foliage and inflorescence either sprinkle

with short hairs or quite glabrous. Male spikelets stipitate 1n the

each flower. Female spikelets non sessile. Glumes usually a

F. Muell. Fragm. ix. :

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 80; Upper Victoria River, F.

Mueller.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, Rockingham Bay,

Dallachy.

This species closely connects the preceding with the following ones.

nate, no empty ones above the flower. Nut ovoid-globular, eth

reticulate. Disk adnate, with 3 short undulate lobes, at first ae

rather acute, but thickened and obtuse with recurved sinuses under S

ripe nut, the outer disk not prominent.—F. Muell. Fragm. 1x. 21;

Nove-Hollandie, Bockel. m Flora, 1875, 120 (from the char. given)

N. Australia. North Coast, R, Brown. “toy ; Port

Rocki cham: Ba Hack ; risbane River, Bailey ;

Mey duis DONNA Pomme Mekdei)

Szmixs III. SUBSPICATR. — Perennials. Inflorescence scarcely

Scleria.] CXLIII. CYPERACES. 429

branched. Fertile spikelets more or less androgynous, or at least

with empty glumes above the female flower. Stamens 1 to 3.

5. S. Brownii, Kunth, Enum. ii. 349.—Stems slender, 1 to 2 ft.

high. Leaves long and narrow, rather rigid, very scabrous or nearly

smooth, the sheaths often pubescent and slightly fringed at the orifice,

the floral leaves or bracts similar, the upper ones shorter, but all leaf-

like and distant. Spikelets androgynous or male, 2 to near 3 lines

long, several together in axillary and terminal sessile or pedunculate

usters.

not of Poi

o: Australia. Arnhem South Bay, R. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 37,

Queensland. Rockhampton, O’Shanesy and others; Nerkool and Herbert's

Mb Bowman; Oxley's Station, Leichhardt; Dawson and Burnet Rivers, F.

ueller,

8. pallidifiora, Boeckel. in Flora, 1875, 119, from Gladstone, Amalia Dietrich, is

Probably referrible to S. Browniti.

6. S, lithosperma, Willd. ; Kunth, Enum. ii.349.—Stems slender,

1 to 13 ft. high. Leaves very narrow linear and rather long, some-

times almost filiform, the sheaths acutely 3-angled, usually pubescent on

the sides and slightly fringed at the orifice, the upper ones passing

rter and more subulate.

narr

Stamens in each; in the male spikelets the glumes and flowers more

Rumerous and the stamens often 3. ut ovoid, smooth and shining

or rarely slightly tuberculate. Outer persistent disk broadly eupular,

entire, inner adnate one reduced to a brown ring or quite obsolete.—

Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 451 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 21; S. capillaris,

#. Br. Prod. 240; Kunth, Enum. ii. 349; Hypoporum capillare, Nees

in Linnea, ix, 303 ; H. Sieberi, Nees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 97.

o0, Australia. Arnhem S. Bay, R. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 6, 171

» 817.

430 CXLIIL CYPERACER. . (Scleria.

Var. linearis. Leaves rather broader, prlspeecstof more branched with’. more

numerous duel. but the structure and disk the

Queensland. Brisbane River, F. Mueller.

The e species is widely spread over tropical Asia, - var. linearís corresponds nearly

to Thwaites’ var. 8. from Ceylon or Boeckeler’s var.

Serres IIT. Ponystacuym.—Perennials. Panicles branched, axil-

lary sa terminal, sometimes nearly simple in S. tesselata. Spikelets

Minim unisexual, or the fertile ones androgynous. Stamens usu-

ally 3.

7. S. tesselata, Willd. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 343.—Stems 1 to 25 ft

high, nitus slandar, Leaves ‘mostly 2 to3 de broad, the sheaths ME

3-angled and sometimes narrowly winged, quite glabrous, produced inte

i ane or uia.

rro to n. long

with few iue branches, the axillary ones few, small, distant, peduni-

late, the subtending hrania leaflike. Spikelets not numerous, unisexua

Males narrow, fully 2 lines long, with numerous flowers. Glumes

narrow, obtuse, closely poet aa each other, 2 or 3 outer ones

empty or rather shorter. Stamens 3. Flowering glume e of . the

female spikelets broad, almost acute, 2 or 3 outer empty ones shorter,

and lor2 small narrow empty ones above the flower. Nut ks :

tuberculate or reticulate and sometimes "— po nt.

adnate, with very short broad obtuse lobes, the outer per rgistent e

only slightly prominent, or rarely broader d somewhat cupular.—

Beckel. in Linnea, xxxviii. 470.

Queensland. Brisbane River, F. Mueller.

Var. debilis, Stems weak and slender, Leaves narrow. Panicles small, on long

peduncles.—Rockingham Bay, Dallachy

The species is widely spread over IUE Asia, It seems to vary in the m eo

of the foliage as well as in the degree of development i the disk, whigh I dt bis

. fin e same in different spikelets of the same spec ane It should A, chm

include S. uliginosa, Hochst. and S. Steud^liara, Miq., and perhaps some ©

distinguished ra Bockeler,

mackavi in Linnwa, 1875, 119, from Port Mackay, Amalia

Dietrich, must be very em $646 nk identical with S. tesselata.

Willd. ; ; Kunth, Enum. ii. 341.—Stems stout,

3 in. long, forming a narrow leafy in ` al

Seem small. Spikelets scarcely 14 lines long, unisexual, wid

sually nearer the base, the di

A ed Stamens 2 or 3. Nut nearly globular, white, nm

Scleria.] CXLIIL CYPERACEE. 431

and shining or slightly reticulate. Disk anne with 3 broad obtuse

lobes, the outer one not prominent.—R. Br. Prod. 240; Beeckel. in

Linnea, xxxviii. 511 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ix i

and. Endeavour River and Bay of Inlets, Banks and Solander ; Rock-

hampton, Zhozet ; Fitzroy Island, ram The species is also in the Pacific islands

and perhaps in the Malayan Arc hipe

« Greeffeana, Beckel. in ifors 1875, 121 (from the char.

lon Spikelets numerous, unisexual, e males about 2 lines long

Stamens usually 2 zlobular, white, tubercular- rugose or nearly

smooth, glabrous or sparingly pubescent. Outer persistent disk at

cda Ew cupular, inner adnate disk with 3 broad lobes denticulate

N. Australia, Near Providence Hill, F. Mueller.

y aeenslan Cape York, A^ Gillieray; Cape Grafton, A. Cunningham ; Port

ackay, Amalia Dietrich (if correctly identified).

0. ebecarpa, Nees; Kunth, Enum. ii. 357.—Stems 1 to 3 ft.

high, glabrous as well as the fo liage. Leaves 2 to 3 lines broad, the

sheaths more or less winged on the angles. Terminal panicle 1j to 3

m, long, not much branched, with 1 or sometimes 2 leafy bracts and a

Second smaller panicle on a long peduncle in the axi a leaf h

low "n. r ants. small and subulate. Spikelets usually 3

together in little cymes or clusters, 2 male 1 , the males

ow, under 2 lines long, with numerous flowers. Stamens 3.

Flowering glume of the females very broad, about 1 line long, with 2 or

Suter empty ones. Nut globular or ovoid, white, smooth and shining

but BE under 1 Bigs long. Disk adnate, with 3 acute lobes.—

Beckel. in Lin æa, xxxviii. 478 ; F. Muell. Fragm. ix. 21; S. Dietrichie,

Beckel. in Fiora, 1875, 121, (from the char. given).

N. Australia, arwin, Schultz, n. 816.

Queensland. Wide Den bad Bidwill ; — Bay, Dallachy.

N. S. Wal Richmond River, Danger

oed Spread over tropical Asia. Some f Dallach losel resemble

specimens o achy's closely

cias speci species, but the disk- “lobes "ope to be obtuse, they are however scarcely suffi-

spec

ll. S. chin ensis, Kunth, Enum. ii. 357 —Stems 2 to 3 ft. high,

glabrous as well as the foliage. Leaves 2 to 5 lines broad, the —

i or less winged on the angles, the ligula membranous, often

lines long, but on other leaves short. Terminal panicle dense, aad

432 CXLHI. CYPERACER. [Seleria.

branched, 2 to’ 4in. long, and 1 or 2 smaller axillary ones lower down.

Outer bracts or floral leaves long and leaflike and numerous subulate-

acuminate bracts within the panicle protruding far beyond the spikelets.

Spikelets numerous and crowded, unisexual, usually 1 female and lor

2 males in each cluster, the males narrow about 2 lines long, the

females with much broader glumes. Nut globular, white, irregularly

tuberculate-rugose and sometimes aperiogly pubescent. Disk adnate,

with 3 broad lobes from very obtuse _to almost acute; outer disk

iid Veg ciue —Beckel. in TEN xxxviii. 486; F. Muell.

gm 20.

Fragm

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallach, y ; Dunk and Goold Islands, M*Gillivray ;

Lower Herbert River, Herb, F. Mueller

Also in the Malayan Archipelago and South China. It is very closely proce

S. sei geriet: Nees, and to S. malaccensis, Boeckel. in which however the leaf-shea

are not winged.

RIES V. AOT aucle le single, large, loose and very

DNE. on a long terminal peduncl

12. S. oryzoides, Presl; Kunth, Enum . 356.—S ems from a

creeping rhizome, tall, stout, glabrous as oer as ae folia,^. Leaves

erect, the lower ones long, i to $ in. broad, longitudinal: jv aan

Panicle terminal, peduneulate — the last leaf, ovate, 6 to : peii

very Sopoond , with numer rect or slightly spreniing slender

small,

nous in Indian ones, the subtending bracts small, lanceolate, glu ori

like, keeled, with short points. Glumes of the female nee ovate-

lanceolate, acute or almost obtuse, 3 or 4 outer empty on pri amet :

shorter and a small empty one above the flower. Glumes of wl male

rrow i

Md Vigo prominent, obseurely 3-lobed. —Beeckel. in | Linnas,

1. 492.

Y Between M‘Adam and Providence Hil, F. yan

por tropical Asia, and the same or a closely allied spea in tr zen

f M Australian specimens are in flower only but agree

SERIES VI. Diotce.—Spikelets strictly dicecious, small, densely

clustered in numerous short axillary and terminal panicles.

. S. sphacelata, F. Muell Fragm. ix. 20.—Stems 14 ee

high, glabrous as well as the foliage. Leaves lo: d n but

recurved margins and keel s scabrous, the sheaths acutely seangled

. not inged, Ys id ligula. Panicles numerous, 1 to near 2 1. ied

axils, the lower ones netia mi tpt

the Spikelets i in ara eB ye plant very numerous and densely clustere

Seleria.] CXLIII. CYPERACE E. 433

the short branches of the partial ae rather less numerous but

still a. in the female. Outer bracts or floral leaves lo ong and

distant, the upper ones gradually shorter and more approximate.

Spikelets Medis 2 lines long.” Glumes in the males numerous, obtuse

or nearly so, 3 or 4 outer empty ones more acute or acuminate, with

dark brow n margins and keels or brown all over. Stamens 3. Female

spikelets 1 rather larger, with 3 or 4 acute or acuminate glumes, and no

empty one above the flower. Nut globular, tuberculate, more or less

E Disk with 3 very broad spreading membranous truncate

obes.,

ensland. Suttor River, F. Mueller; Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy ; Rock-

hampton, 0 O Shanes Y, Thozet and others; Springsure Cliffs, Wuth; Brisbane River,

Bailey ; Archer’ s Creek, Leichhardt.

Very different in aspect as well as in character from any other Scleria known -to

me. The male MOSciqens in herb. F. Mueller are numerous, the females very few.

Turs EX.—HFlowers strictly unisexual, in unisexual or

NONE aus Gave the females enclosed in an utricle or perigynium

31. UNCINIA, Pers.

Flowers unisexual, in a single terminal- tired, pike male

at the top. Glumes imbricate all round the is. Stamens in the

males 3 or rarely fewer, without hypogynous bristles or senlon. Ovary

in the females enclosed in a bottle-s aped utricle or perigynium con-

tracted at the top, with a small oblique or 2-toothed orifice and at the

Ec mu minds to New Zealand and extra-tropical South America, and one

1n Mexico and the West Indies

sos es filiform. Spikelets loose, 3 to 9 9 lin . 1. U. tenella.

Leaves linear, Spikelets dense, oblong, 9 to 12 y long. . 2. U. compacta.

aves and stem: Sese wat Spikel ets narrow in.

ng.

lon

Leaves narrow-linear. Male flowers 3 or 4. Glumes all d

acute or Purto 1 . 8. U. riparia,

Leaves almost filiform. Male flowers rather numerous. r

Lowest glume produced into a filiform .. 4. U. debilior.

L U. tenella, R. Br. Prod. 241.—Stem and leaves filiform, in dense

tufts, rarely above 6 in. ioe Spikelet loose, narrow-oblong, 3 to 9

dies es long, with about 6 to 12 female flowers and 3 or 4 males at the

the: Male glumes small, — very thin a: 2 only in ox

flowers examin e lumes lanceolate, ac

m a oo keel, about m lines long. Ut dd rts 2 long as

434 CXLHI, CYPERACER. f Uncinia.

the glume, the orifice with 2 small obtuse teeth. Hooked bristle nearly

twice as long. Nut narrow, 3-angled, nearly as long as the utricle.—

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 102, t4152 Ay F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 151;

Carex tenella, Poir. Dict. Suppl. iii. 282."

oria. Sealer's Cove, Dandenong Mountains, mie Baw-Baw, source of the

Yarra and Goulburn and Upp er Tyers Rivers, F. Mueller. lack

Derwent River, R. Brown; moist woods, Hobarton "n —

im Gunn ; g Westen rn mountains, Archer ; Mount Wellingto on, Gulliver ; South-

rt, C. Stua Some Line pon near Lake St. Clair, F. Mueller, are dopauper-

pity with diy. 3 or 4 female flow:

The New Zealand U, filiformis is very closely allied to this species.

mpacta, R. Br. Prod. 241. — Stems in open situ ations 2

or 3 in. high, rigid, with brown inflorescence, in shady moist localities

6 in. to near 1 ft. long, with a pale-coloured spikelet. Leaves as long

or shorter, rarely much above 1 line broad. Spikelet oblong, dense pi

slightly interrupted at the base, 2 to 1 in. long, the lowest 1 or

glumes or bracts sometimes roduced into a leaflike point. Glumes

of the hook bear a male and a female flower with small „glumes. e

shorter than the utricle, 3-angled.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 108, t. "

; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 152; Carex compacta, Poir. Dict. Supp

iii, 282.

Victoria. — Baw-Baw, at an elevation of pegi a 4000 ft., F. Mueller

rwern nt River. . R. Br own ; summit unt Wellington, Gn T

Mueller ; iion Pind C. Stuart ; Western Miniter Archer ; Mo

East, F. M:

U. nervosa, ER in Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 102, t. 153 A, is founded on & singe

specimen which appears to me to be a narrow-leaved state of U. compacta. t

U. divaricata, Boott, from New Zea land, referred to U. compacta z eae

Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 309, differs slightly in the many-nerved glumes an

longer utricles,

3. U. riparia, R. Br. Prod. 241.—Stems slender, 1 to 12 ft. pe^

Leaves as long or longer, linear, about 1 line broad. Spikelet i al

in, long, the male flowers 3 or E only at the top, the fem :

EH :

dez

; Carex riparia, Poir. Dict. Suppl. quom

3000

Victoria. U H Ri an elevation of

to 4000 f, È. Mais. ume. ver and Mount Kosciusko at

Uneinia. | CXLIH. CYPERACER. 435

aene. Derwent River, R. Brown ; Cuming's Head, Archer ; Southport, C.

wart.

4. U. orien. F. Muell. fágh. vii. 151.— Stems filiform, 6 in. to

above 1 ft. lon Logro ernie: er, m narrow linear, mens

. lon

leaf often several inches long. Male flowers rather numerous. Stamens

narrow, exceeding the glume, but not seen far advanced.

Pocket Seiad nearly twice.as long as the a

Lord Howe's Island, summit of Mount Gower, Fullagar. Very

N. S. Wales.

closely allied d ee New Zealand U, leptostach ya, ing slightly in the more

acuminate glu

32. CAREX, Linn.

Flowers unisexual, in unisexual or androgynous spikelets. Glumes

imbricate all round the rhachis. Stamens in the males 3 or rarely

ewer, without hypogynous bristles or salos Ovary in the females

enclosed in a boft tle-shaped or inflated utricle or perigynium, contracte

at the top, with a small oblique or 2-toothed orifice, and at the base of

the ovary within the utricle is often a bristle (a barren pedicel) usually

Very small, not hooked, rarely protruding from the utricle and entirely

Wanting in many species. Style protruding with 2 or e operis stig-

matic branches. Nut flattened or 3-angled, enclosed in t

enlarged persistent utricle.— Perennials wi -like Mae mostly

radic n the lower part of the stem. Spikelets Eika solitary and

Tm or few, one terminal the others more or less distant, sessile or

pedun , in a terminal panicle or compound spike. e

This genus, the largest among C bundant in the tem: te and cooler

perace:, is a pera

egions of both hem ispheres d ip mountainous districts within the — with a

few A oiis aven in the hotter region us it is technically ted from

ucinia by the absence ey s hook ra ‘the ae fe of the female tower s although i ina

Th, Decien not Australian it occasionally grows out into a flowe uncle.

The genus is widely separated from all others by the utricle m well as habit.

7 Species are however very difficult to c and define. Dr. Boott's ble

ustrations as well as s specimens and careful deseri ptions have given the

de. phen so itae ien but he d cs a not yet published his views

eas soli JP hen NT oe

Spikelet over many flower. 8 Siyle-branches 2. . 1, C. eephaloten

Spikelet t small, 2 - to 4-flo pes ae ee 3. iid

Outer bract elongated su . 2. C. acicularis.

2F2

436 CXLIIL CYPERACEEX. (Carex.

iple vir danda nin Upper half male, slender;

er half near | alobular 4 femalo, with th spreading à

ie Style-brane hes 3 3. C. capillacea.

Spikelets o ovate, green or pale coloured.

Oute ter bract much longer than the inflorescence . 4. C. inverse.

ter bracts very short.

Utricle scarcely beaked. eda in

Jtricle with a long s spreading or recurved beak . 6. C. echinata

Spikelets oblong. Glumes dark le 7. C. hypandra

mo 6 to 12, male at the top, the spike sometimes.

mpound at the base 8. C. chlorantha

e Spikelets numerous, e agg in a ` long narrow

panicle

Panis very narrow and spikelike, the Lair —

branches short and erect. Style-branc

Stem 3-angled. Utricle ciliate on the prep with a ;

very short beak 9. C. paniculata.

Stem ta Utrite not - ciliate, with a long :

beak . 10. C. declinata.

Stem terete or ne early so 11, C. tereticaulis.

Panicle narrow but loose, the short branches spreading, n:

Style-branches 3 . . 12. O. fissilis.

Panicle loose. Spikelets not so numerous as in t

! ug d 3 S le. - i

species an © sd 3 nid ur e ^ Ax 0 radit

Spikelets 3 3 Ge 6 or rarely. more, the terminal one m: ale,

puces ones female or shortly male at the top and

Style-branches 2.

Spikelets ‘all Minds orthe lowest scarcely SREB

mostly obtuse. Spikelets under

"Spic petita tricle ees con- j

cted into a short truncate beak . M, C. contracta

Spikelets aesa col cee Utricle not beaked or ;

bea. . 15, C. vulgaris.

Glu 3 . , 16. €. acuta.

Spikelets hg oer se ig Sete brown . . 2 MW. QC. lobolepss.

m T

emale = the top, the lower ones chiefly "uo ies

rane we 3.

— oe male, ed = slender. Female o

ciini "Uti with long spreading

Sub eur BEES

ikelet female at Female ‘i

at me ore ol ee — a 19. €. Buchu

Terminal x cylindrical. Female ones ob-

long or cylindrical, distant,

Stems 3 to 8 in. Leaves usually longer, tufted.

Female spikelets mostly with a few males a t the

Utricles corky, ovoid, with short beaks, 3 ne :

C. pumila.

Utricles not corky, ovoid, with short beaks, VERIS

Utricles P qiiem

not i

d. gs cas ovoid, oce d 1 Lto 14 1

22. C. Preissii.

Carex. | CXLIII. CYPERACES. 437

le sp kelete usually without m

Uiriclos with long — obscurely erg . C. DM

Jtricles scarcely beaked, very prominently nerved aa: C. Browni

os male s - ame emi edbhems rich bro

. Q. Bichenoviana.

Utricle ovoid, iore dar coloured scarcely beaked,

any-nerved.

very prominently man

Glumes nde or oblong, oe E . - C. maculata,

Glumes narrow, acute or with long points . 36. C. Brownii.

esa ta Ming into a distinct beak. Peduncles

Spikelets croch, solitary, poni and pn Glumes

acute eor arista Ee mv C. alsophila.

ine ice or Mp. 8 reading, u sually

kp the 3 E eath. Glumes rather

ore

broad, tief or pret sare 28. C. longifolia,

Spikelets prinio or pendulous. » Glumes and

utricles tapering into long points . . . . 99. C. pseudocyperus.

longer, ovate, much flattened, contracted at the base but scarcely stipi-

ate. St tyle-branches 2. Nut much flatten ed, rather shorter than the

Utricle, very shortly stipulate.— Boott, Ill. Car. iv. 148, t. 477.

Victori K ko, at an elevation of 6000

to 7000 fe zs Amarsi Mountains and Mount Kosciusko,

th h C. pyrenaica, W.

but not in Anal - the a T the ines of the Sikalat and glumes

i te constantly 2 -branched style. I some identify it with the C. capitata, Linn.

TOposed by F' Mueller, Fragm. viii

2. C. acicularis, Boott in Hook. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 280, t.63; IIl. Car.

iv. 157, t. 508, f. 2.—Stems 3 to 4 in. high, slender, bruni at the

= Leaves usually shorter, subulate or filiform. Spikelet solitary,

to 3 lines s long, consisting of 2 to 4 female flowers and about as many

or only I male. Glumes lanceolate, acute or the upper ones obtuse,

brown with a greenish keel, the lowest one and sometimes the next

duced into a subulate erect leafy lamina. Utricle narrow,

and slightly 2-fid. Style-branches E Nut 3-angl

Boott in Hook. f. F]. Tuam. ii. 98, t. cog Car. iv. 156, t. 508, f. 3;

` Pyrenaica, F, Muell. Fragm. viii. $61, not of Wahlenb.

Summit of Mount Hotham, at an elevation of 7000 ft. F. Mueller. ;

Tasmania, Cumming’s Head, Archer.

438 OXLIIL. CYPERACEJE. [ Carex.

The Victorian specimens, with 3 or 4 male flowers as well as females, ——

New Zealand ones. Archer's Tasmanian ones are more slender, with the spi

epaupera

state of.the same plant. The erect subulate bract, besides the size of the spikelet

than the utricle.—Bceckel. in Linnea, xxxix. 37; O. simplicissima, F.

Muell. Fragm. ix. 191.

N.S. Wales. Clarence River, Wilcox.

Also in the eastern Himalayas, Sikkim and Bootan.

A i : ikelets 3 to 5,

a few inches to above 1 ft. hi gh. Leaves shorter, narrow. Spikele d

all sessile in a terminal cluster or short spike, rarely reduced to a sing

A 8;

androgynous, ovate, 3 to 6 lines long. Outer leaflike bracts 1 to

! green. t- ikelet, more fre-

spikelet sometimes numerous occupying half the spikele '2 males at

quently few only and sometimes quite deficient, rarely 1 or

e i F

: g

obovate, several-nerved, wi een ciliate edges, tapering iu in the

beak short in th typieal form, nearl 8 um

: pag = Og

; lll. Car. iv. 151, t. 486 to 488; Hook. f. Fi. Tasm. 1. vv?

- in Linnza, xxxix. 69; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 252.

irren Brisbane and Dawson Rivers, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton, ? Shanesy,

Dailachy i Jand,

_N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sieber, n. 543, Woolls ; ye egies

potes Hastings and Macleay Rivers, €. Moore; Head of

ardt,

f Mount

ia. Wendu Vale, Robertson ; Yarra, Mitta Mitta and Hume Rivers,

Buller, Darebin Creek, P omer Creswick, Whan ; Ballarat, Bacchus.

"Tasmania. South Esk River, Gunn.

ount Barker, F. Mueller.

wW. Drummond, n, 922.

Var. major. Stems 1; to 23 ft. high. Utricles 2 lines long, prominently i

with a long beak, Brisbane fiver F. Mueller ; Clarence River, Wilkos.

The species-is also in New Zealand.

Carez..] CXLIIT. CYPERACHA, 439

C. canescens, Linn.; Boott, Ill. Car. iv. 154, t. 496.—Stems

4 tà 9 in.high. Leaves often as sees usually broader and thinner than

in C. inversa. Spikelets 3 to 8, sessile, either m or erowded in a

terminal spike, androgynous, ovate, 2 to 3 lines long. Subtending

with its own small secondary glume. emales rather numerous.

Utricle about 1 line long, ovate, compressed, contracted into a te

Short beak. Bristle within the dtrielé sometimes long and rigid o

dilated and glume-like, but often small or obsolete. Style-branci es 2.

ins risen —Bockel. in Linnea, xxxix. 122; F. Muell. Fragm.

255.

votes Mount Baw-Baw and Munyang Mountains, F. Mueller.

ci cue and Alpine Europe, Asia and America, and in n extra-tropical

South rule

ute angles or narrow wings, and a ee straight slender beak.

branches 2.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 252 ; C. stellulata, Gooden. ; Kunth,

Enum. ii. 309; Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 214.

, Victoria. Munyang Mountains, F. ae.

Extends over the temperate and cooler regions of the northern hemisphere.

7 ypandra, F. Muell. Fragm. viii, 259.—Stems in the speci-

mens seen edi in. high. Leaves as long or rather longer, about

l line broad, Spikelets 4 sessile in a terminal spike, the lowest scarcely

Peduneulate, the terminal one at least androgynous, oblong, _ to

lines long. Lowest bract leaflike in one specimen, very short in the

but qu uite dito Style-bran mabe 2.

ia, Munyang Mountains, at an elevation of 6000 to 7000 ft., F, Mueller.

Of this I have pe op: seen two speci It is certainly as observed by F. Mueller,

Very near the northern €. bi i ies has the lower dis-

tingga the no C. bicolor, AIL, but that per — vécu

440 CXLIM. CYPERACEX. [Carex

- chlorantha, R. Br. Prod. 242.— Stems usually under 6 in.

ken sometimes aboye i ft. high. Leaves mnch shorter. p 6 to

inflorescence. Me vate, 1 to 13 lines long, acute or mucronate,

the keel usually gree Male flowers few at the top of the spikelet.

Utricle as long as the Blum, much flattened, the edges ciliate, tapering

into a short 2-toothed beak. Style-branches 2. t flat.—Hook

- Tasm, ii, 99, t. 150; Boott, Ill. Car. iv. 171, t. 580, B; F. Muell.

Bunav . 256.

N. S. Wales. Port Jacksan, R. Bror

— Ballan, Latrobe and eles “Riv rs, F. Mueller ; Ballarat, Bacchus. t

asmania. Northern parts of the ofa dir. oy Ar ait and others ; Moun

Wollte F. Mueller

Var. composita. Spike slightly compound at the base, approaching the smaller

varieties of C, panieulata.—Huon River, Gulliver.

c. pani aniculata, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 389.—Stems attaining

ial feet, 3-angled and often very acutely so, or when old more striate

with the angles less prominent. Leaves varying from 1 to 4 lines

ated the margins very scabrous. Spikelets Mee oe very nume

rous in a narrow spike-like panicle, usually 3 to 6 in. long, but some-

times much longer and interrupted at t the sd with short erect

flattened, ovate, many-nerved, the margins gait or xo ciliate or prd

os contracted into a short 2-toothed beak. Style- piper

E :

DOW

‘3

Hook. $

eed wi; seis Ill. Car. i 46, t. 119, 120; Boeckel. in Linah

- 99; C. virgata, Soland.; Boott, lc. t. 121, 122, Bæckel. ^

98; P Misi. p eun l. e. 100, partly.

land. Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy and others C.

N. S. Wales, Port Jackson, R. Brow ta and many others; New England,

p Newer Hastings River, €. Moore ; Clarence Riv ver, o ad. p. Mueller,

ietoria. m the Sou th A Gi Land, ^

> u ustralian Uoti to Gipps oe

Tasmania. Port d R.B ; abun

f et "ue sa ri Dalrymple anà K Kent's Group, rown

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 216, 272; Capel River, — D

ar, subdiaphana, Leaves very glumes pale as in in C. declinata, b

aisles breed and late as in C. Lg olson qo Hartman ; ; Rockhampto™

Carec.| CXLIII. CYPEBACER. 441

I have followed the example of F. Mueller, ae Pr ems Isl. 57, in uniting the

common Australian an ap New Zealand C. appressa with the C. paniculata of the

northern hemisphere, as indeed was already suggested by R. See in his herbarium,

by the note C. iliid being on at his label

10. C. declinata, Boott, IU. ~ iv. 171, t. 580.—Very closely

allied to C. panic culata, with the same triquetrous stems, scabrous

ragm. viii

Queensland. Brisbane River, F. Mueller, Bailey.

. S. Wales Blue Mountains, Mrs. Calvert; Mount Royal and Narrum-

Narrum, Leichhardt.

ll. C. tereticaulis, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 256.— This also is very

od allied to C. paniculata, and ought perhaps to be included

I its varieties. It differs in em — terete or nearly so, and

so prominently 3-angled, the leaves very narrow and the in-

E often longer. Spikelets uem “ine precisely as in C.

P Oria. Axe and Hopkins bn and Mount Disappointment, F. Mueller ;

ortland, Walter ; Ararat, ater ; Mount William, Sullivan,

Tasmania. Perth, C. Stuar

S. Australia. rei around St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller, Blandowski, and

others ; p^ Lincoln, J. S. Browne.

W. A Dr imc n. site a n. 1866; Tweed River, enit.

C. itr, Booka l in Linnæ xix. 100, is founded chiefly on specime m

Teferred b ueller to C. Perrin a po ede from his descri e te e stems

Sang, De ONEI. piee include also the varieties of C. paniculata with pige

B-C, fissilis, Boott, TU. Car. ii. 86. t. 245.—Stems 2 ft. high or

more. Leaves long, 3 to 4 lines broad. Bracts at the base of the

glumes es at the base of the spikelet. Utricle narrow, ediveli promi-

hently striate, 12 to 1i lines long including the long — beak.

eres es 8.—C. i m: F. Muell., but scarcely of Lin

Queensland, Fave kingham Bay, Dallachy. The ii is also in

Anciteum (New Caledonia) shun were the specimens described and figured

ao Prset with them, except that the spikeletsare rather

RO E OA very near C. indica, Linn., and C. benghalensis,

but does Pu rece u s wh = of our specimens or of Boott’s figures,

differing from the shape of the utri

442 CXLIII,. CYPERACEEX. [Carea.

C. Dietriehie, Boeckel. in Flora, 1875, 122, from Port Mackay, Amalia Dietrich, is

‘om th

fr e character given, probably the same species.

very prominently many-nerved, pubescent, with a long beak.— Boot,

l. Car. i iii

Queensland. Brisbane River, Bailey. ed

N. S. Wales. Grose River, R. Brown (a particularly slender narrow- - :

form) ; New England, C, Stuart; Macleay River, Beckler ; Lord Howe's Island, C.

Moore, Fullagar.

14. C. contracta, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 258.—Stems Beo

slender, 1 to 2 ft. long. Leaves long and narrow, the floral leaves

ovate orelliptical, about 12 lines long, shortly stipitate and ee

i ry short truneate or scarcely 2-toothed beak, with "d

t nerves on each face. Style-branches 2. Nut flat, nearly

orbicular, much shorter than the utricle.

N. S. Wales. Tenterfield and Timbarra, New England, C. Stuart.

ED 33

Scarcely distinct from the New Zealand C. Raoulii, Boott, Ill. Car. iii. 109, t. 339,

and very near some forms of C. vulgaris.

15. C. vulgaris, Fries,

169, t. 567.— Stems tufted or emitting creeping stolones, from à ally

inches to 2 or 8 ft. high. Leaves often longer than the stem and usua";

green midrib. Utricle very flat, from orbicular to ovate, usually —

than the glume, more or less distinetly several-nerved, obtuse acu viii

tapering into a short beak. Style ches 2.—F. ell. ;

Carex. | CXLIII. CYPERACEZ. 443

257 ; C. Gaudichaudiana, Kunth, Enum. ii. 417 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii.

99, t. 151 A; C. cespitosa, R. Br. Prod. 242, and of most early authors.

Termin Bri em iet Bailey.

E rt Jackson, R. Brown; cobb Plains, A. Cunningham ;

Now Engl C. sideris Ma rie River, C. Mo

Victoria. Numerous localities both in low a n and in the mountains, F. Mueller

and others ; Glenelg River, Robertson ; Mount William, Sullivan,

rota Port vis ne rymple, R. Brown ; abundant both in low lands and the

tralia. From St. Vincent’s Gulf to the Murray River, F. Mueller and

The species is abundant and widely spread over the temperate regions the

northern hemisphere. "us numerous varieties have been detailed at ned the

oott he A w Z ugh

ength by Boott, l.c stralian form which i in

correctly reduced by Boott to the comprehensive C. vulgaris, Fries, appears pm

nevertheless to be quite as distinct from some of its northern forms are from

the special S a orm to which Frie la t the C. cespitosa, Linn., a

er much examination and comparison T xem concl I had

formerly come to that the — d Dosi and R. Brown and other older

authors, ought to be reunited under the Linnean name of C. pombe

16. C. a s Linn.; Kunth, Enum. ii. 412.—A tall species, very

closely allied t io gom mae varieties of C. vulgaris, the spikelets usually

lo onger and more numerous and the glumes narrow and acute or short

Muell. Fragm. viii. 259; C. Ounninghamii, Boott, Ill. Car. iv. 171, t.

9/9; C. MES i Muell. in Trans. Phil. Soc. Vict. i. 110, and in

Hook. Kew Journ

Qeens land. Moreton Bay, Leichhardt.

8 N. S. ks - dia on River, A. Cunningham; New England, C.

tuart Clarence River, Wile

Vie ictoria, Valleys near rue Hotham, F. Mueller.

ite Species is spread o , Northern Asia hes No :

ustralian form has ar doe Eg more numerous spikelets than usual in the

res ones, vu I can find no other difference, Md some European specimens

^Ppear to be qui bool

lobolepis, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 258.—Stems 1 to 2 ft.

high. d TAS "rigid. Leaves sometimes as long, the vocis

h to

Racers generi torn in

inflorescence, with very sage

444 CXLIII. CYPERACEJE. [ Carex.

sheaths. Spikelets 4 to 6, cylindrieal, narrow, 11 to nearly 2 in. long,

the terminal one male or with a few. female flowers at the top,

the others female or with a few males at the top or at the base, all

peduneulate, at first erect, but spreading or pendulous when in fruit.

Glumes a rich brown, obtuse emarginate or shortly 2-lobed, the promi-

nent midrib often produced into a short point. Utricle*sessile, ovate,

flat, rather acute but not beaked, faintly several-nerved. Style-

branches 2.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart, C. Moore.

Not matched with any extra-Australian species, though apparently in some

measure allied to the North American C. crinita.

18. C. fla

the Australian specimens, often longer in northern ones, but rarely

attaining 1 ft. Leaves as long or longer in the small varieties. Spike-

lets 3 to 5, the terminal one m i

margins

Utricles longer than the glume, very spreading or reflexed, ovoid, rather

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; Alpine marshes, Gunn, Archer ; Swan-

port, Story.

Boott has already expressed his opinion that the Tasmanian plant is scarcely i

be distinguished from the C. flava, widely distributed over the temperate meS is

the northern hemisphere, and although in some specimens the beak of the utri de

rather shorter, others appear to be quite similar to such of the northern ET be

have the spikelets approximate. Story's specimens have smaller utricles like

of the northern var. Rederi.

19. C. Buxbaumii, Wahlenb. ; Kunth, Enum. ii. $52" ate

often tufted but emitting creeping stolones, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leav

[e]

[0]

terminal one androgy , the male flowers at the base few onl "sed

pying nearly the whole spikelet, the lower ones fe i 3

leafy bract often a as the inflorescence. Glu 2 to neariy

bout 13 lines long, not beaked, the orifice entir 439;

2-toothed. Style-branches 3.— Boott, Ill. Car. iv. 136, t. 438, 439;

kel. in Linnza, xl. 396 ; F, Muell. Fragm. viii. 252.

River and between Lake Omeo and cs ing cage X Mo:

Carex. | CXLIII. CYPERACEA. 445

Extends over Europe, Northern Asia and North America ; the Australian specimens

hn generally longer and kope ye a than the northern ones, but closely

semble a few of Hoppe’s from South y

20. C. pumila, Thunb. ; Boott, Ill. Car. iv. 217. —Rhizome n

ereeping in the sands to a great extent. Stems 4 to 8 in. high. Lea

longer, more rigid than in OC. breviculmis, tapering into os

subulate points. Spikelets 3 to 6, the terminal one male, narrow, 2 to

distant, sessile or the lowest shortly peduneulate, j to $ in. long.

p PI. Él Holl. ii. 69, t. 219; R. Br. Prod. 243; Hook. f.

S Moreton Island, M‘Gillivray w, F. Vibia:

Hastings River, Beckler ce Riv Beckler, ge cox,

l sea-shores and also S gray Th r banks; inland in

ide d «HR the pic rivers, F. Mue 3 Portland and Wendu Rivas Robert.

Son ; Glenelg pe Allitt mera. nit

ia. Port Telus R. Brown ; eer shores, common, J. D. Hooker

and others.

S. Australia. Crystal brook, Torrens and Gawler Rivers, F. Mueller.

21m in New Zealand, along the eastern coasts of Asia and in extratropical South

eri

l. C. b culmis, R.

LUE high but in northern Rad T ft. o ore. Leaves Dd

the Australian specimens longer than the he re lower floral bracts

often very i a on narrow, the upper ones or Mil rarely all abort and

| S iv.

Fl. Tasm. ii. 101, Fl. Nov. = t. 63; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 255;

Royleana, Boott, ll. Car. i. 6, t. 19.

N. S. Wales, Port Jackson, R. Brown (small dwarf specimens), Woolls ; New-

446 CXLIII. CYPERACER. [ Carex.

castle, Leichhardt ; Lord Howe's Island, top of Mount, Lingbird, C. Moore ; high on

seg SUN Fullagar.

Wendu Vale, Robertson; Yarra River, Darebin Creek and Munyang

Mouniains, F. Mueller.

ania, Gunn ; Cheshunt, Archer.

qus in New Zealand, the Himalayas and Japan.

. C. Preissii, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 94.—Scarcely distinct from

c Imis. Stems tufted, under 1 ft. high, slender. Leaves often

longer, narrow, the lower floral ones or outer bracts similar, the upper

ones smaller or glume-like. Spikelets 3 to 6, cylindrical, the terminal

one.male, 4 to 2 in. long and often close to it 1 or 2 small androgynous

ones, the others distant, either androgynous with a few male flowers at

the top or entirely female, all erect and sessile or on very short

peduncles. Male glumes oblong, «ses or mucronate, with scarious

base, tapering into a short beak, the angles often serrulate-ciliate, the

nie rather faintly nerved. Style-branches 3.—Boott, Ill. Car. i.

t. 186 dd Muell. Fragm. viii. 251; C. thecata, Boott in Trans. Linn.

Soc. xx. 143.

stralia. n River, Drummond 1st coll. wre n. 921, Preiss, n. 1861, Old-

‘held: i eee ‘land Preiss, n. 1825; Vasse River, Prie

23. unniana, Boott in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 143, Ill. Car. i

68, t. 185. — Stems 6 in. to 2 ft. high. Leaves often as long, narrow or

rather broad, the lower floral ones or outer bracts similar, the upper

smaller, but all except the last longer than the inflorescence. Spike:

lets 3 to 6, neqiie the term one male, 2 to 1j in. long, ze

sometimes 1 or 2 small male ones M vin under it, "the others female e

distant or the uppermost close to the males, all ‘erect sessile or short ,

peduneulate and as long as the terminal Male glumes oblong

or almost ovate, obtuse or acute, with scarious e prd

aii

stipitate.— Hook. f. Fl. Tas s Via F. Muell. b viii. ii 931.

N. S. Wales. Darling Riv d

Victoria. Dargo, Mitchell aad rdi: s Rivers, Maroka Valley, Baw-Baw ke

Moris Mountains, ascending to 6000 ft., F. Mueller.

n; Cheshunt, diee

s. Australia. Mount Lofty Ranges, F. Mue

C. barbata, Boott, Ill. Car. i. 68, t. 187, from es Norfolk, vide appears to me

to be a slight variety of C. Gunniana, with darker coloured glumes, but the SRi

cimens are in flower only with the utricles not etie full P3 Murray

with still dark ger glumes F. Mueller on the

l—

D S CONNU Boott in Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 10

Peso H to 2ft.high. Leaves often as E vnm pen the lowest distant

Carex, ] CXLIII. CYPERACER. 447

floral ones or outer bracts similar but with very short sheaths, the

upper ones small. Spikelets in our specimens 4 to 10 males in a ter-

minal cluster, the central one 1i in. long, the outer ones much shorter,

and 3 or 4 lower down females or androgynous, } to 1 in. long, 1 or 2

young to characterise, Style branches 3.

T ia. Woolnorth, Gunn. This is evidently a distinct species, although

the specimens are too few and not far enough advanced fora full description.

. 25.? C. maculata, Boott in Trans. Linn. Soc. xx. 128; Lil. Car.

1. 9, £ 26.—Stems long and weak. Leaves long, the floral ones or

outer bracts exceeding the inflorescence, the sheaths bordered by a

broad thinly scarious brown membrane pikelets several, 3 or 4

usually sessile in a terminal cluster, of which 1 wholly male and 1 to

androgynous the male flowers at the , and 2 to 4 females more

F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 2

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, C. Stuart, Bailey ;

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. ;

N. S. Wales. Tweed and Richmond Rivers, C, Moore.

Also in East India, as identified by Boott. Pa

26. C. Brownii, Zuckerm. Enum. Car. 21.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. long,

rather weak. Leaves long, the lowest floral ones or outer bracts often

exceeding the inflorescence, the upper ones short and subulate. Spike-

e usually 3 or 4, very near together at the end of the stem, erect

an i i

all j to $ in. long. umes more or less scarious, narrow or short and

acuminate, the midrib produced into a rather long point. Utricle ovoid,

` turgid or nearly globular, usually dark-coloured in fruit, rather more

than 1 line long, prominently many-nerved, abruptly contracted into

à Very short 2-toothed beak, Style-branehes 3.—Boott, Ill. Car. iv.

161, t, 532, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 250; C. striata, R. Br. Prod. 243,

Kunth, Enum, ii, 458, Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 16, not of Michaux.

N. S. Wales, Hunters and Williams Rivers, R. Brown; Hastings River,

C. Moore ; Richmond River, Faweett; Archer's Creek, Leichhardt.

Victoria. Hume and Curdie's Rivers, F. Mueller; Ballarat, Bacchus, CiL

C. lacistoma, R. Br. Prod. 243; Boott, Ill Car. t. 532, appears to have been

correctly referred by F. Mueller, to C. Brownii.

27. C. alsophila, F. Muell. Fragm. viii, 257.—A tall plant with

448 CXLIII. CYPERACEJE. [ Carex.

the long rather broad leaves of C. longifolia, but the floral ones or outer

bracts, though very long, without sheaths or with only very short ones.

Spikelets 4 to 6, the terminal one. male, narrow, 1 to 1i in. long and

the axils on short or the lower ones on long peduncles. umes nar-

Victoria. Mounts Baw-Baw, Arnott and Julliete; Upper Yarra, Tarwan, Latrobe

and Goulburn Rivers, ascending to 4000 ft., F, Mueller.

28. C. longifolia, R. Br. Prod. 242.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. high,

with long rather broad leaves, the lower floral ones or outer

the terminal one male, 1 to 14 in. long, often accompanied by a cluster

of shorter ones all male or partially female, the others all pedunculate

and female or with a few male flowers at the base or at the top, 1 to,

in. long, the peduncles slender and usually clustered 2 to 4 together imn

the axils of the long leaflike outer bracts or floral leaves, the sheaths

of the lower ones long. umes scarious, rather broad, acuminate or

obtuse and aristate, the keel usually prominent. Utricles oblong

elliptical, stipitate, prominently 3-angled, tapering into an en ire OF

2-toothed beak, nearly 3 lines long including the beak. Style-branches

3. Nut short, prominently 3-angled.— Boott, Ill. Car. iii. 108, t. 331, 332;

h ; Hook. Tasm. ii ; F. Muell .

a . " Q

viii. 250; C. Brownei, Steud. Syn. Glum. ii. 209

Queensland. Upper Brisbane River, F. Mueller; South Queensland, Hartman,

N. S. Wales. Paterson River, my Richmond, Woolls ; Richmond,

Macleay and Clarence Rivers, Beckler ; Hastings River, C. Moore.

Victoria. Ballan, Cobberas Mountains, Tambo River, F. Mueller.

Derwent and South Esk Rivers, Gunn ; Swanport, Story.

29. C. pseudocyperus, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. ii.501.—Stems non

angular, 2 to 3 it. high. Leaves long, 2 to 5 lines broad. Spikelets

to 5, all pedunculate and at length pendulous, but usually near toge-

to 2 in

of the northern specimens.—I. Br. Prod. 243 ; F. Muell. gon

aseieularis, Soland. ; Boott, Ill. Car. i 58, t. 189; Ho"

"d i Boyne River, Hartman: E

N.S. Wales. Newcastle, 2. debe, ; Paramatta, Woolls ; north of Bathurst

A. Cunningham ; New England, C. Stuart ; Castlereagh River, C. Moore.

Carex.) OXLIII. CYPERACER. 449

Victoria. Wannon River, Robertson; Portland, Ait; Ballarat, Day; Mount

Baw-Baw, Goulburn Ranges, Hume River, ete., F. Mueller.

Ie Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; common in marshy situations, J, D.

booker,

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, R. Brown ; Mount Torrens and Lofty Ranges,

F. Mueller,

W. Australia, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 924; Karri Dale, Walcot.

. Widely spread over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. In umit-

ing the Australian with the European species I have followed F. Mueller as I can

find no constant character to separate them. He also adds to the synonyms the

New Zealand €. Forsteri, Wahlenb., which has usually much smaller utricles but

might well be regarded as a variety only.

Orper CXLIV. GRAMINEJZE.

palea (supposed to represent the 2 bracteoles of Hypolytres or the

perigynium of Caricez), and the perianth probably represented by 2 or

rarely 3 small usually very thin and hyaline scales called /odicules, the

3, occasionally reduced to 2 or 1, in a few genera 6 or more ; filaments

free, iform; anthers usually exserted from the spikelet, versatile,

vate oblong or linear, with 2 parallel cells opening longitudinally

Without any prominent connective. vary entire, l-celled, with 1

erect anatropousovule, Styles 2 or rarely 3, free or united at the base

to a 2- or 3-branched style, the upper stigmatic portion or stigmas

ong and narrow, sheathing the stem at their base, but the

usually l

nnt open from the base opposite the blade and ofte

e blade in

Shbeaths

within

VOL vir + 28

450 CXLIV. GRAMINER.

the spikelets variously arranged in spikes, racemes, panicles or heads.

Bracts occasionally but t rarely. subtending the branches of the panicle

or single spikelets.

A very large Order, omc i beige sg = whole world, in almost every

variety of station, an nd s st important articles of food and

raiment, or applied to a ee: variety ^ut. ay ar al purposes. Of the 102 genera

here enumerated, t 1 only as co nteining inada ced species repos

as more pe ya known e

indigenous. Of these, no less than 54 dean over bo th the New and the Old Work

genera, there are at leas man y belonging to genera with indigenous species, are

chiefly of European ret "^ very few South African, and one at least Asiatic ‘and

another American

Graminem have been the "cadis of i cds studies of ee of the most eminent

tanists, amongst which the labo wn, of Kunth, and of Trinius have been

portant.

ing by the large number ot i t ‘ch

without that general comparison which is especially needed in an Order in whi h

large proportion of the Species have a very wide geographical | distribution, an pris

compilation (Synopsis Plantarum Glumacear m). Nothing therefore is ages wahre:

needed than a careful and judicious piee ji revision of the whole Order. Such a

oxy upper palea. ering glume

palea, and my empty glumes tate 4 glumes or neu Mira em p owais as they

ically supposed resent glum 6s that have never any flow

ea C: that Apae in other g spe pu Legi

ower. should consider a flower i in. wein as perfect male, female, OF ^7 ne

phrodite) when meque da tale and either a pene (mal il or both, radimer

iz when reduced to bd palea, and no ed at all when even that is eue

in an apparen enne cn iq same spikelet being deseri g

twin) as Kunth, sesquiflorus (1} }-floweied) by Trinius, and niftorows (

x ) x ATE "i

Graminez, the third Order among phen ogamous plants in tup of numbers

(aen me Wier oe the p Mundus ia inf rilaalé, are uniform i

Structure o eir organs of reproduction as Composit:e, nid x

numbers of species (Leguminosae, the second, being mue n more varied in

pel a aur

oS er

CXLIV. GRAMINE. 451

2e "na fruits). The characters ay ailable for their distribution into tribos ant

mera

sub-orders. oy seca m been s idi apte e of inen: as to the precise cha-

racters to be assig Bro ied hif n the position of the fertile

teme s apparently. (hough not neonatal term isi ad either solitary or with a

acer, whilst in Poaces t is i

erified p j

regions, but it piel be con erate tropical grasses, for I have seen dried specimens

of Bicis for instance with short styles and the stigmas pe laterally en

i in as ca

miran above them acea. s 1

have observed no iiie rai, except rae s in a very few Brno a tribe

inctly separable on other d settles also the position of a few genera

dee t huge, M Milium, inviati. etc., which might at first sight appear closely to

lec tw

NR tif hore of the tribes and subtribes is vers generally

modi the study of Old Pod pt y Australian grasses, and may require some

fication when a few American eds which I have not ieri e examined, are

ideratio

" may be objected by some that I have adopted too many monotypic or small

genera, distinguished by characters of no importance, more so than I have dier] in

er :

‘ u

iving p

mentioned the lodicules, as, w aith the pen of the apparently

t presence of the cem lodicule in Stipacez, I have not been able Y

eite be the abortive relics of organs ^

Physiological functions, Mem as such are necessarily variable in size and fo

Constant, in position. When thin they disappear after figwsig: snd are

452 CXLIV. GRAMINEZ.

minute, they are plane very difficult to observe i in the dried state, and have indeed

observ rati

ndividuals of each

— "im ively few species and in very few in :

roe ems very feinen i have been unable to find the precise nie tay e

Kun d others of whose accuracy the ere can be no doubt. At any ra

A. (Primary Series rather than Suborder). edic] « po

below deg cR Eve with 1 fertile flower, the male or barren flower, $%

below

TRIBE Panices. Fertile spikelets with 1 Hor Mr E or pen

inpas , AA or without a male one below it, Glumes 4 or 8, t per i wer M ife

2 ily smalle sometimes adhe sap pa Cie pa

Stamens 3, rarely fewer. Grain enclosed in dened hid ien

wifone) upper glume and pros Awns rare, and when Vie neither twiste

Serres I. Spikelets hermaphrodite.

Inflorescence not bracteate. No bristle-like involuc

Frui: iin d glume hardened (except in P ursi

E RM: SR one etiem nt).

Spike not Ae pee goes at the base. Flowering i pees ale

8 iot bru; a alo annulus or cup at the base.

s ume with a point aid, tawn . 2. ERIOCHLOA.

Glumes 2

Meter ume Shorter than the others, often REPE it tai

Outer E RS long a: 4. Orcinus,

sag ms surrounded by or ee DR ith abortive

ches of the panicle, papi ss lobed or bristly

involucre. iting. glum A

Spikelets intermixed with long e persistent genie:

branches, and falling off from them 5, BETARIA,

Invol "nn

each enclosing 1 to 3 od and i ap off

with the: : ce

Involueres of 3 or 4 unilaterally divided branches .

completely s MERAS Iha pikelet . . 6. PLAGIOSETUM.

Involucres of numerous simple or aie bristles - TUR

completely surrounding the spikelet. . , . 7. PENNIS

Involucre of i

eee md ar unding 1 to 3 ius pisi d

ance of the panicle produced beyond the baso of

PPR spikelet. Frui glume s ut scari

80. -

deo ; sod or Es obs d the slendor drin E zn:

10. STENOTAPHRUM.

Vnde s s few Am iden enclosed a the base in n sheath-

ih idee “a let ssa SR prostrate or divaricate.

vent monocious in a iud :

needs Eure CASI

11. XEROCHLOA-

12. THUAREA.

sli ge ee

CXLIV. GRAMINER. 453

Spikelets dicecious, in dense heads. . . . . . . . 18. SPINIFEX.

Tripe II. Andropogonesm. Fertile spikelets with 1 terminal Minen Amie ay

` female flower, with or without a male one Ay Ri it. Glumes 4 or rarely Jen Se e of the

outer ones the largest enclosing the fruit, the third smaller thin and Ayaline sometimes

wanting, the upper or bee ing one very thin and hyaline, often bearing & twisted and

bent awn. palea v each flower sometimes very small or deficient in the fertile flower.

Stamens 3, rarely fewe

when present i is terminal or between the notches of the flowering glume

in all atdot Arthraxon.)

E I. Zoysieæ. Spikelets solitary or rarely in abet p^ : e A. jose

"y rou oy the inarticulate ie ue a rt adn spike or the

Jlowering glume, none or strai outer

dq — in notches v an ihe a oy

Glum:

kic UI Zo Yai;

Spikelets 2. "de 3 or Y together on ve ery s rt pedi-

Glumes u usually 3, the larger one schinai, a

sd ion ae 80 metimes wanting and a.small

hyaline fl 15. LarPAcO.

Spikelets i in A tie. spiko not awned. Glumes 4, the

outer one the lar - alisen- 16.: NEURACHNE.

Spikel "b x. : loose pe or. raceme, very. narrow.

Glumes 3, the 2 outer ones with straight awns. . 17. Psroris.

HE IL Rotthoelliex. Spikelets awnless, in pairs or rarely solitary ni in

alternate notehes e ~ arron rhachis of a simple siihe one sessile fertile and more

less embedded i.

d in a cavity of the rhachis, the other ge ella

Tes dene es a airy. Outer glume of ie es

. Spikelet 2-lobed, Pedicellate pipelai barr . 18. ELIONURUS.

Spike. 1-sided, er UR scarcely articulate. Po dicel-

late spikelet b . 19. HEMARTERIA.

zug 1- ie Outer co ume of the sessile spikelet hard

ular, Pedicellate spikelet barr . . 20. Mantsuris.

Spiko z many cylindrical. - No p 21. OPHIURUS.

Spik aps Pandas al. Pedicellate sitae desk

22. RoTTBOELLIA.

(See s de uA species of 25, IscuEMCM. i

Susrrree III. Mayadec. - Spikelets unisezual, the male usually paniculate, the

females Apa. at the base of the pi or in a separ rate inflorescence

rui OM below the = the fruiting glume

smooth an 23. .CHIONACHNE.

` (The, ha fola, Maize, Zea Ways poe to this subtribe. i

Susme IV. Eua paapa Ma exces in ee or T rarely solitary, one

iar and fertile and one or two and male neuter or rudimentary, rarely

sm nan mae Flowering glume = ene pads dien usually awned or reduced to

row ‘sy! Aa deficient i in Imperata, in Ischemum pectinatum, and — minute

oF deficien ome varieties of other pem)

Spike on in pairs along one side of a simple «mg or

the spikelike b ranches of a simple panic

Spike singlo. Spikelets unisexual, the awned fom es

turned ne side, the awnless males imbricate

them « 24. HzrEROPOGON.

Spikes single o: r digitate ‘Sessile spikelet v with a

male ya below the fertile on 25. ISCHÆMUM,

454 CXLIV. GRAMINEZ.

ipu — Spikelets 1-flowered, solitary in the

26. DIMERIA,

sies digitate, ‘Spikelets 1-flowered with a barr

cel in the same notch. Awn dorsal near tho

27. ARTHRAXON.

Spikes digitate. Spikelets i in pairs, both 1- ‘lowered

and usually fertile. 28. POLLINIA.

Wee siad digitate or several nearly sessile on a

simple rhachis. € = spikelet 1-flowered and

fertile, mra iah e male or neuter 29. ANDROPOGON.

Spikelets in single or rsd p pairs or triplets on the slender

branches of a more or less compound panic

ise long and dies; déuilly “yinin x the

pikelets awnless, concealed under m mug

hair 30. IMPERATA.

Panicleloose. Fertile spikelets awned,

S i glume either membranous or narrow and

eden ith 2 prominent often muricate aaa)

31. CHRYSOPOGON.

Outer T when n in fruit hard, smooth and shin-

ovate or lanceolate . 32. SoRGHUM.

Spikelets in triplets Po 3 asl 1 4

cellate and malo neuter or rudimentary) Min

Shea ing

Triplets sachs by an involucre of 4 male or

neuter spikelets at the base of the peduncle . . 83, ANTHISTIRIA-

Triplets sessile or pedunculate within the bract

without any involucre , . 84, APLUDA.

SUBTRIBE V, Tristegineæ. Spikelets, panicats, all similar, the ge vert

ing sides more or less fend or enlarged when in fruit almost as in Panicee

awn twisted and bent as i A

Lm 4, 2 empty, the ids with a male flower or

mpty. Panicle loo . 95. ARUNDINELLA.

Glumes 3, 2 empty. Panicle dense and ' spikelike -13 porron:

same

Tre II, Olyr Spikele i unisexual, th n

ee eigo 3, the flow see large, membranous or orden ned enclosing her y y

A palea to the flower. Stamens 6 ve: in ewe not Australian 3). Styles um

base or or high up. Stigmas EE.

xime glume Covers gba, with a —

orifice. erem Stigmas 3 37. LzPTASP! apikelet

B. Poac icels not ce below - nes Rhachis oy the » he api or

articulate M Peng ar 3 lowest glumes, or wholl: wtinuows, Spikelets Porter them.

more fertile flowers, the males or imperfect ones if me pese or very “rarely

Un a few Phalaridee the lower glumes deficient).

arely

Trine IV. Phalarides. Spikelets with 1 terminal hermaphrodite flow perm

2 male flowers lower down. Glumes 2 to 6 all keeled or with a jak amer uhr the ar-

Preig je of the: rhachis persistent or in several genera deficient, A s rfe

iculation, o

nerve

(In Phalari, is itself the upper glume is a Suid pete the central

represented by a line of E s " =

narco 6, rarely 3. No glumes below the articula-

Ns V flat Glumes 2 without any small Taisit

Spikelets very flat. Glumes 4, the 2 outer very small 39. OnxzA-

CXLIV. GRAMINE.

Spikelets not ein —— 4, membranous, the

ute small 40. PorAwoPHiLA.

Stamens 6 or a uy — 3or9. 2 persistent glumes

below the articulat

Stamens 6, za 3. “Spikelets usually pening

wned or un 41, EHRHARTA.

We 4, pelts 2. Spikelets paniculato, more or

less awned " 42. MicROLENA.

Stamens 4. Spikelets not awned . 43. 'TETRARHENA.

gd 3 rarely 2. Glumes 3, none below the articu-

Fa ream fem awned. Panicle dense, cylindrical,

spikelike 44, ALOPECURUS.

8 mens 8, rare y 2 :2 persistent ‘glumes ee ‘the

articulation, 2 inner o enclos 5.

intermediate ones sm r enclo ie P de VES

p €: n ek oie. Spikelets very flat. Intermedia

nawned, empty or one deficient. 45. PHALARIS,

oH m spikelike.” APERI, uut Intermediate

glumes uis empty, 46. ANTHOXANTHUM.

flowers vid 2-naf ied p 47. HrEROCHLOE,

E V. AQ Pap ser tg ikelets with 1, 2, or rarely several hermaphrodite “teak:

and r rarely a ma r below. Flowering glume usually bearing an a

twisted in es lower NC fuese or divided fw An piddle, Palea 2-nerved, usually t a

or small, i VT Avenacee as large a. estut:

(The a eiu or Fest in a few species of Agrostis and,

Devin th ihe Mera, pe below the branches very short or obsolete in one section

rist

SuBrRIBE I. Stipacese.—Spikelets 1-flowered. Awn terminal, tap or 3-branched.

Lodicules 3. Fruiting glume usually narrow, hardene d, enclosing the gr.

Awn 3-branched Wee Us petens

Awn simple; at length articulate on the glum . 49. Srrea.

Awn simple, continuous with the point of the ier . 50. STREPTACHNE,

Bun Pic stideze. "n. i kelets l- ed. Awn either terminal between

Agrosti — n elets 1-flowere wn

she lobes bof th lume or dorsal, in a few species very small or deficient. Lodicules 2.

Fruiting p enclosing the. pos usually ‘thin.

Lobes 2 on each side of the awn. Panicle branched 51, PeNTAPOGON.

Lobes 1 on each side of — flexed awn. Spikelets

52. DIPLOPOGON.

in e Sir eg etse Be

Awn mor er i i ute or deficient.

No bris ti hi

Awn fine and near tho tip of the glume. Palea

ore than half as long as the glume . . . 53. DicHELACHNB.

ea not half

minute or none 54, ÁGROSTIS.

or bristle beyond the flower or bearing an empty

i n us. eae half as

long as the glume , . . . Vou cy 55. DEYEUXIA.-

Supreme III. Avenaceze.—Spikelets with. 2 or in E e ra —— 2

Perfect flowers (only 1 in Anisopogon), the

456 CXLIY. GRAMINED.

Awn either dorsal or terminal between the lobes of the glume. Grain enclosed in the

glume and palea and sometimes adnate.

Awn dorsal |

hi hrodit t at all or

ced prpdpped, Grain adnat 56. ATRA.

Lowe i hermaphrodite besser a upper male

y awne 57. Horcus.

Lowbk ROWGE male awned, upper flower hermaphr 0-

ite awnless: Grain. free. Seed not furrowed 58. ARRHENATHERUM.

rf OWers; eri A

wns attached below the middle. Grain free 59. DESCHAMPSIA,

Two or three, perfect flowers. Flowering glumes

keeled. Awns attached above the middle.

rain free, glabrous 60. 'T'uisETUM.

wo or more perfect flow wers. Flowe ering glume

rounded on the back. Grain pubescent, fre-

quently adnate. Seed deeply furrowed 61. AVENA,

Several (5 or more) ped flowers. Flow ring

glumes rounded Sad the back. Grain Batou

ed deeply 62. AMPHIBROMUS.

~~ terminal between the rigid lobes or lateral awns

Spikelets (large sith long tend Iflowered | , . 63, ANISOPOGON.

Spikelets several-flow . . 64, DANTHONIA.

“Tame VI. Astreptz.— Spilelets with sever a few genera only 1 t

wi vmaphradi rose the Me dm usua vae proved SP y bearing Ue or more UR y

s above the:

Flower unawned or with 1 or more ter nal untwisted

mons pct Palea prominently decia or 2-keeled, uscd as long or uiridi à s long

the

(The rhachis is not produced above the perfect flowers in Milica and in a few

species of other subtribes).

brRIBE I. —Pappophoreése.—Spikelits 1- or several-flowered, in a dense c? qm

À -- or ina spiketo or zi gares yis tns glumes rounded. o the bac the

3 or more nerves leadin ore val lobes or teeth all - ndum of

central one or all tmd into Ki awn

also 73, Curonrs, which has often a small awn or narrow lobe one ih

of the awn, and a few Festucacex have the. hyaline tip 2-lobed in front of or 9

sides of the awn.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, ca

the lowe Sen ea de flower. Lobes of

e flowering glume 3, all with lo: ints or

eawns . oa tareisRoferrioeity Ee soo 65, AMPHIPOGON.

Rhachis conti

small bristle. Lobes o

flowering glume „the central one alone awned 66, EcHINOPOGON-

SW lower an

lumoseawns ... . . . . 67. PAPPOPHORUM.

glume 3, the: one alone

awn v. glos AdTIMPLS-

B several-flowered, | paniculate,

e glume with 3 narrow awned lobes . . 69. TRIRAPHIS:

ficos glume with 3 unawned lobes or teeth . 70. TrIovia

CXLIV. GRAMINE.

Sunrrine II- Chloridez. Ege

veg or quoad al s,

Ha diae, awn

(68. Asrresta has the inflores

Spikelets 1-flowered, awnl

"dim

s, in a simple slender spike,

hachis of the spikela not produced above the

Spikelets Ilo we ed, awnles ess, in digitate spikes, the

thachis of the spike not at all or minute ly pro

ove the flow "

pe waed, in a ‘simple or in digitate e

E nis, ig one or more des glumes above thé

c hy.

Brie end: flower ed,. awnless or with. ong:

seg ier mes, in digitate scattered ia

seed within the pres loose and

" several- or ‘rarely I-flowered, ignites iim

Scattered spikes. Grain smooth, the pericarp

Spikelets s sovoral- flowe red, awnles - in a single. or in

tered spikes. Flowering glumes with a minute

int b tween 2 small hyaline lobes

U III. — Spikelets l- or 2-flowered in.a

wie icle, t. resi perii 2^ ei spite not produe

vas all convex, several-nerved or almost a unawned.

imilar, unawned or with o one straight awn. in free

Rhachis of = a glabrous or Jes. Outer

glumee MM aintly nerved. Flowering dns un-

ikelets 1-flowered ©... - e z

Jews 2-flowered.

Flow pia. Been! close together, not hardened

the

Flowering g glumes close togethor or little distant,

T ened as well as the palea round the grain

int Pohitu

Upper fowsriig 1 glume raised considerably above

the lower, not harden und the grain be

eo of the spikelet hairy rota the flowering

glumes.

Spikelets nd Outer glumes purae.

Flow wering glumes awned or unawned 3

ise panicle or capitate, the rhachis

the last flower op ending in an e empty glume gene.

dad obt use, unawned, — Floweri

or mi

dril py "oduced into a oan or straight a

Meri.

Severa] above

ae deci awned esha cm

oe haga y

2 flowering

ge n j^ joas 1 and

elets l- or: several-flowered, sessile in

spikes, which are either solitary or digttate or scattered on a common

ring glumes usually keeled, entire and unawned,

uced above the upper

457

simple

or with 1, rarely 3,

but not the glumes of Chloridex.)

71. MicRocHLOA.

72. Cynopon.

73. Curonis.

74. ELnEUSINS.

15. LEPTOCHLOA.

16. DIrPLACHNE.

Joose or narrow and dense

flower. Outer glumes

. Flowering glumes nearly

th SrononoLvs.

78. MICRAIRA.

19. Isacune.

$0. CŒLACHNE.

$1. EnrACHNE.

TY V. Festucaceæ.—Spikelets aite. often many-flowered in a loose or

d —— usually produced beyond

lumes us narrow, acute or

lumes entire or slightly notched, pi A eg acute padri

Empty glumes several, either above 1 or 2 flowering ones or in a separate

82, Ecrrosta.

458 CXLIV. GRAMINED.

— empty Cien above flowering one, all u

wned. Panicle cecinit into a dense seitilo

ical or ‘ona ted spike

Many empty unawned gl dem mes in à separato spiele

from the fertile one. Panicle dense, unilateral

* Only 1 empty glume above the flowering ones,

Rhachis = ae — with long hairs enveloping the

m onm Lowest flower male. Panicle

Rhachir of t the poet glabrous. Spikelets dicecious,

w ^ closely imbri glumes. Pericarp

thick an

Rhachis of ^ apie panas or shortly or loosely

hairy. Spike hrodite

Grain free from re we ea a (esoop i in a few Poe).

Spikelets usually flat, the flowering glumes keeled,

Flowering glume and Ix E scarious or

à the glum or shortly

Spikelets in globular clusters in a long in-

rrupted ceci po — broadly

Panicle onse and spikelike. ` Palea ‘not

Flowering ` glumes membranous or "herbaceous,

Spikelets fow-fowered, yr in dense one-

ided dense —

panicle MT tts ee

— n

Upper glumes eniin Ed Aoma

erdi emn Air any-fowered. Flowering

u 3-n

Spikelets fowellowered, Flowering glumes

Spikelets flattened "Flow wering glumes with hya *

Iine tips, cruci is 2-lobed, the Lp formi

a small point between the lobes or just ‘below

k wih 3 Wines nerves no ing

esi

Grain adnate to the palea when ripe,

Ovary pubescent, o Fl i 1

" a = below the entire or

3-ho

], nbateen orned. Spikelets very flat.

Ovary glabrous. Bises o als narrow.

Flowering glumes entire, acute or awned

83. HETERACHNE.

84. LAMARCKIA.

sometimes rudimentary oF

85. PHRAGMITES.

86. DisTICHLIS.

87. ELYTROPHORUS

$8. KÆLERIA.

89. DacrxLis.

90. CENTOTHECA-

91. ERAGROSTIS.

92, Poa.

93. ScHEDONORUS-

94. GLYCERIA.

95. Briza.

96, Bromus.

97. CERATOCHLOA.

98, FEsTUCA.

CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 459

Sus E V. Hor ces.—Spikelets l- or several-flowered, sessile on the oppo-

site ides v a alternate yrs of the rhachis of a simple spike. Glumes entire, awned

— sev tak ep ec flat, one side or face of the

sia t to the continuous scarcely notched

9. AGROPYRUM.

sadi es eral- flowere d, flat, “one edge of the spikelet

o the con ntinuous notched ac 100. Loriux.

Spikelets 1. or 2-flowered, with gen produced

die is flower, halt ened in the notches of

€ or less articulate r

Spikelets E “lower ed, m brodita male | or neuter, 3

together in the erem of the rhachis of

dense afiada spike 4 wore 4 102, Boma

Of the ose. ge tribe Bambusaceze, so generally spread over the tropical

regions of the New as well as the Old World, no representative has as yet been

detected i in Australia

. 101. LEPTURUS.

feathery stigmas. Grain enclosed in the harde ned c or stiffened upper

glume and palea, but free - them. Awns rare and when present

Pani with Andropogonew in the articulation of the rhachis of the

jela t Pa b below usually immediately under the lowest or outer glume,

iffering chiefly in the "live consistency and development of the innermost an

Outermost glumes, as well as in the twisted and bent awns frequent Sram prins

constant) in opogonez, but never im in Panicew. The only slightly

exceptional genera in P are — and Stenotaphrum, where th

g glume = md not so

pogonez, and Cenchrus and some pres involucrate genera, bae the

articulatia Se is Daio the involucre.

1. PASPALUM, Linn.

ro Pikelets l-flowered, not awned, not callous at the base, in 1 or 2

Ws along one side of slender spikes, either forming the branches of

x ^ imple panicle, or rarely solitary. Glumes 3, 2 outer ones empty,

ually membranous and equal or nearly so, the 3rd flowering of a

. Wer texture. Palea within the flowering glume smaller and more

'nvolute. Styles distinct, rather - Grain enclosed in the hardened

Palea and flowering glume, and free from them,

jee, tropical and gusce in sects are emet pigri ical

Tegions of the OH World, and one isalso in America

460 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Paspalum.

ne oid 2 to 5, usually distant. ee orbicular or

oadly ovate, obtuse, about 1 line long . 1, P. serobiculatum.

Spikes 2 2 alone together or Pisa ps Spikelets

e-oblong, acute o 13 t

jon 2. P. distichum.

Spikes 3 or È digitate or nearly | 80. Spikelets ovate j

about $ li 3. P. brevifolium.

me rather i Me airo Spikelets narrow- é

e, about 2 line lon . 4, P. minutiflorum.

(See also Panicum REEL in which the outer glume is deficient.)

P. Sieberianum, Steud. Syn. Glum.: i. 17, is the common American P. conjugatum,

Berg., published a s Australian on the authority of the specimens of Sieber’s Agros-

totheca, n. 127, whith are however West Indian

1. P. scrobiculatu Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i, 53.—Erect or

ascending, jedes 1 ie 2 ft., the Australian specimens glabrous or

rarely with a few long hairs at the base of the leaf-blades. Spikes

varying from 2 to 5, alternate, spreading, usually distant, 1 to 2 or

rarely nearly 3 in. long, the*rhachis usually flat and about. 1 line broad,

i i. 156; P. orbiculare, Forst.; R. Br. Prod. fn

i: po letchqun, a dd P. pubescens, R. Br. Le “iP. metabolon, Stew

yn.

. Aus Me Islands snf the Gulf of Eie R. Brown; M'Adam cred

and Hoper Ri ver, P. M ; between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Guk»

cae e and, J tus s sca Cliffs, Hulse; Sims Island, A: Cunningham llachy ;

mberland Islands, R. Brown ; Rockingham Bay, Da River,

I Denison, 4 Fisa.. Ped Island and Port Curtis, ' M*Gillivr ay ; Brisbane ;

ue astings

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls ; H

and Macleay Rivers, Beckler 3 Clarence River, Wilcox.

EI Je epa end subtropical Asia an rica. AN of m

entures t in

midrib chiefly prominen

cultivated vat marginal onos atthe typical P. pendant

Linn. ; 52.— Stems often creep-

- fit P, distichum, Ii n. Ties Enum. i. : dbi ostromi

ties varying from short and vire covered with the leaf-sheat®s

slender 1 ft. Jong or more with the leaves distant. Leaves eithe

Paspalum.} CXLIV: GRAMINEZX. 461

linear-laneeolate and flat or involute and almost subulate, — or

ith a few long hairs at the orifice of the sheath and base of the

lamina, Spikes 2, close together or the lowest at a distance of 1 to 2

lines, quite glabrous, = dorum et above 4

alone perceptible.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 156; P. littorale, R. Br.

Prod. 188 ; ; Trin. Spec. Gram. i. t. 112.

Queensland. Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy ; Condamine River, Hartm

N.S. Wales. Port Jackso n, R. Brown, Woolls, C. Moore ; o eigai River,

Danger, tribe Hodghi (n80n.

Victo Yarra-Yar

Ww Hastati: Murchison RIA Oldfield.

yuy distributed over the tropical regions of both the New and the Old

orld.

3. P. brevifolium, Fliigge ; Kunth, Enum. i. 48.—Stems from a

creeping or much-branched base erect, slender, 1 ft. high or rather

Leaves May narrow, flat, the sheaths usually villous or pu-

rather Dite; "ac equal, thin, fos & 5-nerved.— Panicum tenuiflorum,

R. Br. Prod. 193.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller,

Padey ; 3 dhcp. bee: Herbe rt's Creek, Bowman ; Archer’s Flat, Leich-

ardt ; Rocki nn Bay, Dallachy

N. sow ales. Port Jackson, us Brown.

Var, propi, nquum. Rather taller. Leaves rather longer. Spikes 2to 3 in, long.

~ Panicum mimea R Br. Prod. 193.

N. A alia. Gulf of Carpentaria, 2. Brown; between M*Adam Range and

Providence B Hu. F. Mueller.

The species is widely spread over tropical Asia.

4. P. minutiflorum, Steud. Syn. Glum.i.17.—A rather tall imper

Brass, closely Menem at first sight the Panicum parvi

but with the characters of Paspalum, and nearly allied to PE [ides min

ves flat, rather long and narrow, the ligula short, not ciliate.

Spikes or panicle-branches rather numerous, filiform, alternate or the

462 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Paspalum.

Queensland. Port Curtis, M'Gillivray.

Widely spread over tropical Asia. Munro informs me that the P. Chinense,

in Steud. Syn. = um, i. 41, referred in Fl. Hongk. to P. brevifolium, belongs ra

to P. minutiftoru

2. ERIOCHLOA, Humb. and Kunth.

(Helopus, Zrin.)

Visa glume and free from them

pieal genus, — be any ce and the Old World. The Australi

Ries vehe both a wide range, a tropical Asia.

iT pees rw above 14 lines long, the rhachis of the

main axis of the panicle pubescent or

1. E. punctata,

Spikelets. usually under l4 ‘lines long, the rhachis and main

CORRNEM. uu. o. v TN fet a

1. E. punctata, Hamilt.; Kunth, Enum. i. 72.—An erect grass

attaining 2 or 3 ft. ‘lebron t the ih orisek and sometimes à

slight pubescence in the upper part. Leaves rather long, flat or "m

volute when dry. Spikes or perche branches 2 about 5 9.9 distant;

acuminate, rather above 12 lin tie sea ida od on a thie k nequ or

almost e sg ene disk i etie x on the. pedicel. "Hout glumes

branous, broad and usually 5-nerved, or the inner one rather narr

and sometimes only 3-nerved, both more orless hairy outside amd gom a

y awn as long as the outer glumes as in

us.— Miliu punctatum, Ih "IN A 3 Prod. 188; P aspalum

punctatum, Fine Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 155

N. Australia. Near Providence Hill. F. > cs

MAIS n f, Koppel Ba cud ie R. Brown; . prisban

À ntice ; Fan Aaen Wut

Mi uie pm Miteh il.

AT NP sie a.

Eriochloa.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 463

2. E, ann ulata, Kunth, Enum. i. 73.—A smaller and more slender

slender, 1 to 1; in. long, the main axis ot the inflorescence as well as

i much less | airy than in that d 3- or rarely 5-nerve

ing el p the same.— Paspalum annulatum, Flügge ; Trin. Spee.

ram

Queensland. Brisbane sae F. Mueller, Prentice; Rockhampton, Thozet,

Bowman ; "Darling Downs,

Var. aerotrieha, Spikelets — a Se -e me age a d. more my,

and the hairs of the pedicels mo few riene T

thachis.—Helopus acrotrichus, Steud. Bie: Doa 1

N. S. Wales. Camden County and fie Woolls; Maneroa, Mrs.

Calvert ; also in Idakher ‘dé’s collection.

The species is by some regarded as a variety of E. punctata.

* 3. PANICUM, Linn.

Pare Scop. ; rangi Beauv. ; ee Nees.)

‘pikelet ; barren awnlike es none, or very rarely a single

one. Glumes usually 4, the outer one smaller than the others, not awned,

often ve small, defieient only in P. gibbo e 2nd

oe of the est genera of Graminew, abundantly represented in all tropical

wquntries, a o beyond the tropics in ihe Old World, and a some-

I per us ro North America. Of the 53 Australian species, 3 are common

-— tries, = are more or less generally. spread over tropical Asia,

y e than c T into Africa, and a e of them dnd alsoin America, 2 have

Yet been identified ‘only with tropical American species, and 35 are as far as

though 3 of them are AANI allied jo Am eriean species.

species are also ia a as escapes from cultivation.

ue great differences in inflo orescence, a character admitted as generic in most

Graminese, has induced the division of Banicum ab NE genera more or less

Nen aee by Nees, Kunth and others, but ther many intermediate species

Be c the different a or series s that I iey ds succeeded in giving charac-

: oT nough to define them even as sections,

ha | (y 3: 40s 34 z,

464 CXLIV. GRAMINER, [ Panicum.

Series I. Digitarieze. Spikelets mostly in pairs along the outer or lower side of ier

simple slender branches of the panicle, one of oe ach pair always pedicellate, the other se

or on & shorter pedicel, the upper ones of ea panh reba, y solitary y, the lower ones

very rarely clustered. Outer glume nt very 8

Heinen of the panicle often numerous, the à er ones

and verticillate, the u eve xd scattered.

ssile.

Spikelets 13 to 2 lines nins secs ess silky hai 1. P. eenic

Spikelets 1 to 13 lines long, more px dem silky e 2. P. divar n

pik i g, not silky

ateral n of the third glume ciliate with Zi

gid h bercles 3. P. macractimum.

Both Kevin of e "T pair on long capi illary pedicels,

one pedicel much longer than the other, Spike-

lets under 1 line long, glabrous or silky hairy . 4. P. papposum.

Branches of the — i w, digitate or «crai at

, glabrous Md 6. P. sanguinale.

Branches usually 2. pikelets o of each pair dissimilar,

up on ciliate, with rigid hairs

seated on tubercles on the lateral nerves of the .

3r e, the lower one usually with a male

E flower only and no ye 6. P. ctenanthum-

Branches = the panicle scattered o the upper ones

pproximate, the lower ones a clustered and

not verticill

ranches usually 2, A 1 to li in. long. Spike-

ets narrow, about 1 line lon

. P. stenostachyum.

Branches usually 3, distant, : to 12 in. n. long. "Spike-

-1

. P. tenuissimum,

JEH

ong

Branches o; goi 2 to 6 in, lon ng. ‘Spikelets

pape to T: line long, the lower ones often :

9. P. parviflorum.

Branches. tin lerous, 2 to 6 in. long. ‘Spikelets

1 line long, silky hairy sie d end in some

» fe ovd as eS inn pairs also in P. prostr atum, and occasi y

sessile

s IL. Trichachnex. Spikelets silky hairy, or fringed with long i? be

pedicellate, pig ston or Pii in gant along the rhachis of the sump

dike panicle or of the ;

sate En edd pairs, about 1 line

hairy, the — glume deficient. . . 1k P. gibbosum.

singer es few or spike single. Spikele

g: outer

sem peceduts Jo; t small and often concealed by

Die lob g silky 12. P. leucophaum-

Spike-like i aatis f fow. ` Spikelets 2 to n n long,

with long hairs connected

Bain lumies ominent

OMM HE E E with fine pointe . 18. JP. semialatum. ^

1 or

rows, very i rs ia gabe: Pape curat mn sessile or very gi dit nor in «or

» the short simple alternate often

Ee se pet ly a slepia torirital Spite:

= Spikelets usuall ne

= single, eel. y :

distant or the lowest i in pairs. glabrous, sin

Panicum.) CXLIV. GRAMINES. 465

Fruiting glume glabrous, regue .

Fruiting glume densely and softly pubescent . i . 44, P. eei e

sare E ex distant. Spikelets with long silv very-

BM pekere, ney dista . . « 1b, P. argenteum

elets ovoid, ofte n appro 163.7; holuscriceum.

Spikes sever distant. Spikelets glabrous, in 2

e rows.

Spikelets ager za Pe = li lines long in 2 clos

d glume broad or eas 3rd

with a Lese initsaxil . . . 17. P. flavidum.

few = the s ike, ond me r 8 u:nes

early equal, both empty 18. P. gracile.

Spikelets struigh, very obtuse, 1} to 2 lines long,

s irregula ar, Outer glume eei

«omg aaa thers. A male flower in the 2rd

* P. obtusum.

iasa wally appro ximate, erect or at length sp read-

Spikelets moti so clos ay ptum and busty

s Hed b by h

Sp ikelets about 1 pe vem frequently in pairs. A

the 3rd glume. Fruiting glume obtuse,

rely tipped with a minute poi ; 19. P. prostratum.

,. With an awn-like point ` . 20. P. helopus.

Spikelets nearly 2 lines long, “in 2 rows. A broad

ea in the Bike glume, which is ciliate with lon.

ere ing glume obtuse with a quee point 21. P. Gilesii.

Spikelets Me 2 lines long, in 2 rows. 3rd glum

ty. iis ng "ew ona obtuse without ce:

po . . 22. P. piligerum.

(See also the first Tour D of the "Panieulate).

jug ss lie aE ngth spre seine or reflexed. Spike-

ts alte store da. M^ MM is but not close and

vede esprit

lm pubescent "Spikelete distant on a slender

rhachis . 23. P. polyphyllum.

Leaves glabrous. Spikelets near together on a

attened rhachis 24. P. distachyum.

ae glabro.. Spikes reflexed, the rhachis

t, an

aoe bristle ree yo ee pia 25. P. reversum.

la tes IV. Echinochlow. Spikelets sessile and crowded in 3 or 4 rows or irregu-

i RE the ERASER pra usually secund spikes or spikelike branches of the

es somet wned,

Spikelets about i line ^k are awned, densely

ed in 4 rows alo: eng, ananas without

i dele 3 *

Spikelets 12 to 2 lines “long, acumin: acumin or awned,

rowded side ies Au the rhachis, eir

. . 27. P. crus-galli.

ticam "hri Spikelets nat a, crowded and clustered in a dense

T rarely

26. P. colonum.

Slee ovoid, obtuso, $ topline long . . . . . . 28. P. myom Ti

466 CXLIV. GRAMINES.

Spikelets acuminate, curved, 1 to 14 lines long or rather

29.

Spikelets acuminate, 2 to 3 lines os long. Fruiting glume

thin ^ > oU.

[ Panicum.

P. indicum.

P. myurus.

Panicle-branches usually more or less divided.

ecies).

Sers VI. Paniculatz

lets ali 1 L s Pins ponte sometimes the first four sp

igi Viet scarcely divided. Spikelets few

pA e numerous, scarcely under 2 lines long.

wers.

spikelets send or sometimes quite sessile. (Species

approaching the Paspaloidec.

Spikelets 2 vin 2 Jn s long, mostly distant along

31.

Spikelets aig under 2 lines, crowded on ‘the

the branches in a compact

2nd and 3rd glumes almost equal , . 32.

niae;

Spikelets 1} lines long, rather crowded on the

nt bra nches of a long and narrow panicle

ame 1, 2nd j as long as the 3rd. ..39.

Spikelets feos rrari ha pedicellate, in a loose spread-

ng panicle.

Spikelets he to 3 lines Jong, sprinkled with h

ruiting glum

ooked

close above the sess . 94.

Spikelets 3 lines long, scm ous. Fruiting glume

ovem abov vape a dilated at the

Panicle pedunculat: : . 35.

Spikelets 2 lines long, glabrous Fruiting glu me

raised above the others. Panicle scarcely ex-

_ _ ceeding the floral leaves . 36.

Panicle narrow or spreading. Spike elets numerous, 1to

ear 2 lines long. A male flower in suec gis ewe

e uminate ;

. prominent and rigidly ciliate. . 37.

Spikelets crowded or. clustered on the smaller

branches. Glumes acute or acuminate, not

Spikelets often numerous, shortly pedicellate, mob

clustered. Glumes acute

i aeons ssa on Pin n lg Topid. Mun

38.

P. foliosum.

P. adspersum.

P. inequale.

P. uncinulatum.

P. majusculum.

P. pauciftorum.

P. semitonsum.

P. antidotale.

9. P. repens.

40. P. capillipes.

Panicle hk ` Spikelets obtuse, E ines long. s

iting glume rugose , v wv

pisces, esed No male flower s

cubes so ike anicle-branches few, spreading.

Spikelets few and distant, 2 line i on iori

E. . 41. P. pyymeum.

Erect. Panicle- he esnumerous, capillary. Spiko- hoidi

lets } line long, on capillary pedicels . 42. P. trichowes-

Ascending or erect. Pani arrow, rath

: ni er ense.

Spikelets very numerous, 3 line long. Fruiting

ume densely pubescent. . . . . . 44 P. marginatum-

Sp ike -

Etc eo” dap pr Aegre

Panicum. | CXLIV. GRAMINEE. 467

sire l to 2 in. long. Onter glume THAT

WP besceu 9. P. lachnaphyllum.,

Panicle 1 to 2 in. long. Spikelets about 1

Outer glume ovate, acute. Leave elabrons 46. P. obseptum.

Panicle aedi in, long, Spikelets ober 2 lin

in short, broad, truncate. lens

Ms rou 7. P. Buneei.

icum Spread des with. numerous capillary branches.

icle y m es scattered, neither clustered nor

verti

Saikelots L Tine long, acute. Outer gene acute.

palea in the 3rd glume . . . . 48. P. bicolor.

A paed A nn long, rather obtuse. "Outer

o palea in the 3rd glume . 49. P. melananthum.

— r panicle-branches clustered but scarcely

Spikelets about 1 line, Outer Jaer acute, half

ong as the spikelet. A palea in the e

gume eres es prominently ciliate. Ligu

ong cilia - 50. . effusum,

Spikelets oe é epum. Nodes glabrous, Ligula

short . . 51. P. Mitehelli.

Spikelets shot 1 line. ' Outer glume short, broad,

or searcely acute, nervele

ag he 3rd glume

Spikes ay 2 lines. Outer glume acute

A pal n the 3r d glume. Panicle large.

P. deeompositum.

Leav P. miliaceum.

Lower bariai are Oe verticillate. Outer glume

wae cte ng as the others. A palea in

mis 7 duel with a ring of cilia, . . . 53. P. trachyrhachis,

Lua prominent, scarious, without cilia . . . 54. P. prolutum.

Sers I. DIGITARIES. — Spikelets usually small, mostly in pairs

along the outer or lower side of the simple slen der branches of the

panicle, one of each pair always pedicellate, the other sessile or on a

Shorter pedicel, the upper ones of each branch occasionally solitary,

i ones very rarely clustered. Outer glume usually very

l. P. ceenic olum, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 45.—

Stems from a kno otty branching py ascending to 1 ft. or more. eaves

flat, vell E doi or villous. Panicle of rather numerous

der e bra to 4 in. long, at first erect, at length

es,

spreading, 1 the his er arn atin ana n - upper ones alternate and

ikelets in pairs, 1 sessile, the other

1 yo 1i to 2 lines lo sip. Out nd glume e not exceeding

7 nerved, the 3d 7- to 1l-nerved, both more e less silky-hairy and

P Fruiting glume smooth, acute

Australia.

Cudnaka, F. Mueller ; near CENE Eyre, Andrews.

Fraser's Range, Dempster

2. P, divaricatissimum, R. Br. Prod. 192. — Stems from a

468 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Panicum.

branching base sometimes under, sometimes much above 1 ft. hi

Leaves glabrous or more or less pubescent or softly villous, the are

not prominent a not ciliate. Panicle of rather numerous rigidly

or the 8rd rarely with a minute rudimentary palea, the 2nd usually s

nerved, the "o -nerved. Fruitiug glume ovoid, not gibbous, glabrous,

smooth, acu

There appear to be ge on marked varieties; but scarcely dofinite enough to

be ETE as distinct speci

1. glaberrimwm, Ste , branches of the panicle —— more than 8 in.

long, the whole plant enr Spikelets 14 lines long, glabro k

Queenslan: Roc rn and pervium Thozet, O'Shanesy ; Pea

HS = kitt; Darling Downs, Lau

Foliage glabrous or nearly so. ceteris 4 to 8 in. long.

Bpiieleta rt p long, silky- UR ei nearly glabrous

cap pte ue ia T Brown

. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown. 2

emmophilum. Foliage softly villous. Spikelets small, covered eigens 1853,

baie spreading when in fruit.— P. ammophilum, F. Muell. in Trans. V

S. Wales. Murray and Murrumbidgee Rivers, F. Mueller, thence to

Mak t Goningberi Victorian Expedition.

af tralia. Lake Amadeus, Giles. 1

radiatum, gee M villous. Spikelets small, glabrous or near?

P a R. Br. P

Queensland. rhc Lockyer ; i ge Barton,

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Bro

y 80.—

but

gum

um, Be nth. —Alli ed t DF. iie se 2 git,

Besa ones

ost sessile,

b rved, ciliate with

feid be e ont rather longer, very promine ntly 8-nerved, “Flowering

RENNA 0 Shanesy ; Herbert's Creek, Bowman; Warwi

B. — = Leichhardt' s collection.

oolly

4. P, papposum, E. Br. Prod. 192.—Stems from a V pe

Hec Ulm rhizome 2 ft. high or more. Leaves flat, us sually long

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 469

narrow, the lower ones softly ar the upper ones more glabrous ;

ligula rather long, -membrauot us anicle-branches numerous, slender

ad in the kxnidit form with peri silky hairs spreading when in

fruit. Outer glume minute or sometimes w wanting, 2nd and 3rd equal,

3-nerved, both einpty or the 3rd with a rudimentary palea. Fruiting

glume rather acute, smooth and shining.

N. Australia. Arnhem South Bay, R. Brown.

Var. leiostachyam. Spikelets glabrous, otherwise quite vise —P. autumnale,

F. Muell. Fragm. viji. 196, but not of Bosc.—Sweers Island, Henn

5. P.s anguinale, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 82.—Decumbent and

often korty creeping and rooting at the base, ascending to 1 ft. or

rather more. Leaves flaccid, flat, u sually pubescent and sprinkled

long ime d all Froni nearly the same point or shortly distant, n e

in. or insome varieties above 4 in. long, the rhachis slender

angular flexuose, scabrous-ciliate. Spikelets in uni one ie ;

sessile the other podicell te ohang, rather acute, about 13 lines loug.

Outer glume minute, rare y above ¢ line long, Jud zia lanceolate,

3-nerved, from 4 to the length of the spikelet, 3rd glume usually 5-

nerved, glabrous or slightly ciliate in m Australian specimens, empty

Fruiting glume shorter, smooth.—- e E igi-

aria sanguinalis, "e Reichb. le. Fl. Germ. t

- Australia, Port Essington, drmst

Br Miriam aud pedeseti dA ood, O' Shanesy, Bowman and others ;

Slane ae MAR osi 22 Mu — Bailey and othe

B. N. rt Jac Brown, Woolls mig others ; Clarence Riv m

Eur b E iae River, Mos Polidpbinson ; New England, C. Stuart ; Lord How

oore.

; k. Towang, Se sión dul

W. Australia. Busselto

th A common weed in most warm countries. Most of the a specimens hav

wie Sanne glabrous or neurly so. Some, however, have them more or less ciliate te

Re Soft hairs on the n » JH nerves or margins, which voot the P. ciliare,

^ Kunth, Enum. 1

the

lotos or eperen 2 D an, from the end of the icu, 1i

to 2} in. long. Spikelets in rather distant pairs, appressed to the

| wuachis, one sessile the other pedicellate, both 2 to ver? 3 lines iong,

with a minute almost m icroscopic outer glume, the 2nd glume

470 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Panicum.

N. Australia. Hooker'sand Sturt’s Creeks, F. Mueller ; Dampier's Archipelago,

Walcot.

. Munro considers this as very closely allied to the variety ciliare of P. sanguinale,

in which the two spikelets are sometimes dissimilar, but if only a variety it 18 & ver

marked one.

7. P.stenostachyum, Benth.—-A tufted slender glabrous grass,

; eaves flat, the ligula very

short scarious and jagged, Spikes or panicle-branches 2, filiform, 1 a

1} in. long, the terminal one erect, the other spreading and attache

]

ower down. Spikelets appressed to the rhachis, mostly in pairs, On?

both empty, the 2ud usually 3-nerved, the 3rd rather larger and 9-

nerved. Fruiting glume nearly as long, smooth and shining. — .

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller.

. P, tenuissimum, Benth.—Erect, very slender, much branched

at the base, often above 1 ft, high. Leaves short and narrow, qui

ranches few, usually 3, filiform. spreading, distant, 1 to lj 10. pu

Spikelets in pairs, ovoid, quite glabrous, but little more than 3 m

long, both pedicellate, but one pedicel twice as long as the obher,

Outer glume minute, almost microscopic, orbicular, the 2nd and =

nearly equal, both empty, obtuse, membranous, 3- to 5-nerv "

Fruiting glume rather acute, usually slightly exceeding the emp

ones.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton

O' Shanesy.

R. Br. Prod. 192.—A tall but slender ee

ves | d narrow, the ligula scarious, often Tou

Jagged at the end. Panicle-branches often numerous, spread gi

filiform, 2 to 4 in. or in some specimens 5 to 6 in. long, the lower Due

distant, the upper ones often crowded. Spikelets ovoid, glabrous,

3 lines long, i

. pedicel than the other; but in he bra vert

clustered, the longer pedicel bearing 2 or 3 spikelets. Outer & u

very small, ovate, usually l-nerved, 2nd aud 3rd glumes nearly €q

9. P. parvifi

glabrous grass. Lea

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINEJX. 471

both emp vam where obtuse, the 2nd usually 3-nerved, the 3rd 5-

nerved. ng glume as long, more acute, smooth.

Queensland. POTES pio. O'Shanesy, Thozet ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay,

F. Miter: tga d and other

N. s. ackso wn, Woolls; New England, €. Stuart

Clare se Riven, 2 Beckior, Wilooz ; Ohne River, Mrs. Hodgkinson ; also in Z Leich-

hardt's s collectio:

Var. pilosa, more or less hairy.—Moreton Bay, Bailey.

P. striatum, R. Br. Prod. 192 (P. ee Spreng. Syst. i. os EE em Botany e

Banks and Solander, and Port Jackso a . Brown, appears to me to be a form o

P. parviflorum with the outer glume qui ik Lilo ts decies

80 as to bring it near some Paspala, but thes pisos are not flattened. rth the. een

characters are those of P. parviflorum., P. ramulare, Trin, Gram.

244, not taken up by Kunth, appears from the character given not rh differ r rou

P. parviflorum,

10. P. Baileyi, Benth.—A glabrous rather slender grass of 13 to 2

feet, with the inflorescence 2 P. parv — but the spikelets rather of

P divaricatissim mu Lea ue ga the ligula shortly pd

scarious, not ciliate. Paniele of hovers ¢ simple filiform branches of 3 o

= , all distant or the upper ones rather crowded or the lower ones

metimes clustered non Setia Spikele * narrow-ovoid, rather

wate, pearly 1 line long, mostly in pairs, one on a much longer pedicel

- Fruiting glume acute, smooth ad shining.

Queensland. Port Curtis, M‘Gillivray ; Brisbane River, Bailey.

ERIES IL. Tricnacunex.—Spikelets silky-hairy or fringed with

long ed sessile or shortly pedicellate, elustered or rarely in pairs

along the rhachis of the simple spikelike panicle or of the 2 or3 long

erect branches

ll. P. gibbos sum, A. Br. Prod. 193.— Erect, branching at the

base, 1 to 14 ft. high. Leaves narrow, erect, glabrous except a few

hairs atthe orifice of the sheaths. — simple, spikelike, slender

but dense, 2 to 3 in. long, with a flexuose rhachis, or very rarely 2

long, with a few long cilia usually ^" Min base, or on the icel. Outer

glume deficient; empty glumes 2, covered with long silky ien thelowest

t dis

What gibbous at the base, with a rather proved keel.—Kunth,

Revis. Gram. t. 105; F. Muel. Fragm. viii.

N. Australia. North Coast, R. Brown ; Victoria River, F. Mueller. i

Queensland. Rockhampton, O'SAanesy.

"HR CXLIY, GRAMINEX. [ Panicum.

i istineni i iked forms of P.

A variable plant scarcely to be distinguished from the simple spik

leucophewn, Senn by the bcd. total absence of the minute ee

in this respect this species closely connects Panicum with Paspalum. Its close

to P. leucophaum prevents its removal from the former genus,

i e

specimens 5 in. long; secondary branches short, slender, — ne

ower ones with 4 or 5 sessile or pedicellate spikelets, the upper

ui As

often slightly gibbous at the base.—P. villosum, R. Br. Prod, dies

rownii, Reem. and Schult. Syst. ii. 462; F. Muell. Fragm. ge -:

P. glaree, F. Muell. in Linnza; xxv. 445 ; P. laniflorum, Nees in

nd. Journ. ii. 410,

Queensland. Keppel Bay and Broad Sound, A. Brown ;_ Rockhamp iere

O'Shanesy ; Rockingham Bay, Dailachy ; alsoin Leichhardt s collection, 4, C. Stuart;

N. S. Wales. Western interior, 4. Cunningham ; New E aes per's Creek,

e River, Becker ; Darling River to the Barrier Range and Coop

Victorian aud other Expeditions, Á

ictoria. Snowy River, F. Mueller,

S. Australia. Crystal Brook, F. Muller.

resent,

Var. monostachyum. Spike simple asin P. gibbosum, but the outer glume p

—Goyinga Mountains, Victorian Expedition,

Africa, The Australian specimens vary mum

es the degree of development of the inflorescence and the

spikelets. Some of Brown's fr

marked by him as P, sericeum,

spikelets and may p

In tropical America and

Shoalw: i Thirsty Sound, originally

ls A d the panicle and smaller

ossibly prove to represent a distinct species. ^

13. P. semialatum, R. Br. Prod. 192.— Stems erect, 2 es 4 nm

high, silky-pubescent about the nodes, otherwise glabrous or ue dde

Leaves narrow with involute margins or subulate, usually pu uide

es sometimes densely clothed with long silky hairs.

outer ar

. 2n

membrarous, 3-nerved, about half the length of tbe spikelet, the

Small palea and sometimes 3 stamens in the axil. Fruiting giu

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 473

rigid, with a rather longer point, the palea also "dd but the inflexed mar-

—F.

gins thin with a distinct lobe at the base on each si Muell. Fragm.

viii. 196 ; Urochloa semialata, Kunth, Enum. i 74 Coridochloa semia-

lata, Nees ,in various catalogues and herbar ia (the genus not via TE

as ideni quoted in Ediub. New Phil. dosi: 1832, Jul

tralia, Upper Victoria pr and M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller ; Esc

cuit, ete Sweers leind. Minne: Pork Dárwin, Seludis, 0/146; 192,662 784,

801; Port Ess ee Send odds

nee nslan and Broad Sound, R, Brown ; Endea vour River, 4

Am: | ES bid, Walt er ; Port Curtis, M*Gilliveray ; Port Denison and

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Re — ees O' Shanesy ; Moreton Bay, C.

Stuart, Leichhardt, M* PC) ; Warw vic

N. S. Wales. "Liverpool Plains, 4. Cuni lon Darling Downs, Woolls.

Extends over tropical Asia from Ceylon and the Peninsula to the Malayan Archi-

pelago and South China,

SERIES IIT. PasPALOIDEJX. —Spikelets gives or very shortly pedi-

collato i iu 1 or 2 rows, very rarely in pairs, along the short simple often

distant spikes or spikelike branches of the vail, rarely reduced to a

single terminal one-sided spike.

14, P. rarum, R. Br. Prod. 189.—Stems ee branching and

Sometimes creeping at the base, ascending to about 1 ft. aves Ver,

narrow, glabrous or the lower sheaths slightly his ia S simple,

N. m os Metu of dis Sae EE R. Brown.

[45 argenteum, R. Br. Pro € Stems — under 1 ft.

high. Leaves short, flat, softly se Panicle

erect slender distant branches, the mn almost filiform. Spikelets

few, distant, erect, broadly turbinate and as it were truncate, about

l line long, crowned by long silvery hairs.

length ot the spikelet, ovate, silky-hairy; 2nd and 3rd glumes both

pty an

X a stralia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown

details i in Trinius' plate appear to be taken from the P. Pueden

agree with the spikelets examined of Brown's P. argenteum.

16. P, holosericeum, ZA. Lr. Prod. 190.— Stems from a branching

The analytical

‘they ie w not at all

474 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Panicum.

base, erect, slender, mostly under 1 ft. high, more or less hairy as well

as the foliage. Leaves short, narrow, acute, y very spreading, the nerve-

d glu

nate, 3 nerred laini the end. 3rd e; me ‘nearly ior fus and empty

but rather longer, 5-nerved at the end, with a longer s

ue Gam . 18; Trin. Bed shine t. 173.

W. Australia. ae of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. ye "ig ; Victoria Tan

F. Mueller ; Port D arwin, Schultz, n. 14, 113, 136, 13 Arnhem’s Lan

: 8,

McKinlay ; the latter verae with smaller spikelets, se ra those of

argenteum, but not trunca

- flavidum, Retz, Obs. iv. 15.— Stems erect, brancbing at the

bas is, Mes rigid, attaining 1 to 2 ft. or rather more. Leaves acute,

sometimes rather broad but the margins involute when dry, deve

bi t a few short hairs at the ori of the sheath. Panicle o

several often numerous erect distant branches or sessile spikes, the

lowest sometimes above i in. long, the one: shorter, the rhachis

flexuose, slightly dilated, Spikelets sessile in the

typical form very oblique, ovoid, about 1 2 lines long or rather mo :

several Australian specimens. Outer glume very short, broad an

obtuse, the second glume the largest, broad, several-nerved, very

palea large and broad in the typical form but no stamens. lowering

glumes usually shortly acuminate.—R. Br. Prod. 190; P. brizoides,

Jacq. f. Ecl. Gram. 2, t. 2, Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 158.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F, Mueller ; the specimens quite similar to

Indian ones.

d. Herbert's Creek, Bowman; Peak Downs, Burkitt ; Springsure

Wuth, the spikelets rather r larger than us usually in India.

Var. cepi Spikelets rather small, not iine 80 secet = palea within the

third glum usually very ry small, the fruiting glum

d. Endeavour River, a and sas Warwick, Beckler.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson I rown; Camden, Wolls ; in the interior, 4-

Cunningham ; New England, C. $

The species extends over pia 2 ees or America.

5 ia, but apparently not into Africa 0

It has ie united by S Rede. Fragm. vii. 189, with the fellawing Fry: the

2 0

ame, ‘The original P. brizoides, Linn., is shown by his herbarium as by his descrip

tion to be the as his P. c, sais izoiden of Retz, Obs. v. 18, and Wil.

ntly tbe P: fuitans, Retz, Obs. iii. 8, which he had origina Y

; A ’

escribed imperfectly and therefore

sent from Indi Peces rae aac aleae

an -aquatic species :

in the whole genus by the the second glume short and Ta a eg like the first. This

Panicum.) CXLIV. GRAMINER. 475

P, paspaloides, Pers., and probably the P. fluitans of Retz, Obs. v. 18 an

+ i. 338 (not the one formerly so named by Retz). P. brizoides of

Jaequin and Trinius is as above quoted the P. flavidum, Retz.

: P. gracile, R. Br. Prod. 190.—Erect, much branched towards

the base, quite glabrous, usually slender, from under 1 ft. to abov

ft. high, but exceedingly variable in stature and aspect. Leaves from

very narrow to rather broad. Panicle usually long and slender, the

branches or sessile spikes or clusters erect, distant, the lower ones 3 to

4 lines or rarely 3 to 1 in. long, the upper ones smaller, often reduced

to short clusters or to single spikelets towards the end of the panicle,

the rhachis of the branches often but not always produeed beyond the

last spikelet into a point sometimes as long as the spikelet. Spikelets

singly sessile or in pairs, one pedicellate the other sessile along the

rhaehis, rarely more or less distinctly in 2 rows almost as in P. flavi-

- Australia, Port Essington, Armstrong. $

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown, an elongated form with very narrow

leaves, and the spikelets irregularly dal t clustered t branches ;

ockingham Bay, Dailachy, and numerous localities —

O'Shanesy, Thozet, Bowman and others, and a var. wi

Herbert's Creek, Bowman

ales. N

in southern Queensland,

th very small spikelets ;

Sr P». New England, C. Stuart ; Shoalhaven, C. Moore ; Clarence

River, Wilcox, a ve y narrow-leaved form with only 3 or 4 spikelets even on the

lower branches of the panicle; in the western interior, 4. Cunningham, Mitchell,

Giles and others,

Victoria. Mount Hope and Murray River, F. Mueller.

S. Australia. Wulpena and Cudnaka, F. Mueller.

W. Australia. Drummond, lst coll., also n. 101, the latter a very small plant,

with few spikelets,

P. jubiflorum, Trin, Gram. Panic. Diss. ii. 150, was descri remarkably

nant specimen o; racile gathered by Mitchell, panicle nearly 1 ft.

long and the lower spikelet about 1 in., with ra numerous spikelets in 2 rows ;

l a th : ;

other specimens of Mitchell's are not half that size. P. distans, Trin. Spec. Gram.

t. 172 represents the slender depa form as gathered by

, paupera À

Others, § Papactenwn Nove-llollandie, Beauv. Agrostogr. 47, t. 10, f. 6, (Panicum

Paractenum, Kunth, Enum. i. 134), appea he figure and description,

tioned P. distans. The variations 0 1

X is difficult to reduce all the forms to one species without having seen

msensible gradations which unite them.

e 89, whi :

ne Warrego district of Queensland as ‘ Mosquito grass,’ a

r whi ; we learn i

mà

476 CXLIV. GRAMINE&. [Panicum.

Panica by the large obtuse spikelets, with the outer glume nearly as long as the

others, and with a male flower in the third glume.

19. P. prostratum, Zam. Illustr. i. 171.—Stems decumbent or

creeping and rooting at the base, ascending to 1 ft. or more, Leaves

lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long or in luxuriant specimens twice as long,

very short a oad, obtuse or almost acute, the 2ud and 3

nearly equal, 3- or 5-nerved, the 3rd with a large palea and some

times l er in its axil. Fruiting glume smooth, very obtuse,

Kas Australie. Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller; Gulf pf Carpentaria, Lans-

roug .

Generally distributed over tropical Asia, it is also in Africa and the West Indies.

20. P. helopus, Trin. in Spreng. Neue Entd. ii. 84.—Stems pi

rather tall. Leaves lanceolate, often rather broad and cordate at the

nicle

ranches, sometimes 3 to 5 almost sessile nbove the last leaf, €

times 6 or 7 on a rather long peduncle. Spikelets irregularly qs

nate in 2 rows along the rhachis, or the lower ones clustered i^

the upper ones more distant, ovoid, acute, nearly 2 lines long, pe "

cent villous or glabrous. Outer glume very short and broad, ge a

the 2nd about 7-nerve ; the 3rd about the same om it-

narrower, 5-nerved, with a palea in its axil but no stamens. Fru

ing glume minu €:

dneed — a short awnlike point not exceeding the empty glumes-

n. Spec. i

1.74; U. panicoides, Beauv. Agrost. 52, t. 11; Kunth, l. e. and Revis.

Gram, t. 14. :

N. S. Wales. Darling River, Dallachy, and thence to Cocper's Creek, d

Var. glabrior. Spikelets : irregularly arranged alo

Go ae Pi&elets more numerous, loosely and irreg y

N. Australia. Lower Victoria River, F, Mueller. py the

The species is common in tropical Asi nd Africa. It is readily known 9Y

point or short awn of the frites aine sounding that of Eriochloa p meta oe

which the plant has also somethi the aspect, but the spikelet has the o ak

une developed and is not seated on the peculiar disk-like base of that ge”

haying adduced as a synonym to U. panicoides, P, javanicum, Poir., that

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 477

has been adopted as the oldest by Steudel and others, but Poiret's description does

pn apply to our plant, and Munro has seen authentic specimens which are quite

ifterent,

Spikelets closely resembling in size and shape those of P. helopus,

: : in

hairs, with a broad hyaline palea in its axil; fruiting glume much

shorter, coriaceous, obtuse with the point or short awn of P. helopus.

Central Australia. Charlotte Waters, Giles.

22. P. piligerum, F. Muell. Herb—Closely resembles some of

the longer more hairy specimens of P. helopus. Leaves rather narrow,

6to8in. long. Panicle of 3 to 5 erect simple branches 1 to near

m. long. Spikelets ovoid, acute, nearly 2 lines long, alternate along

the rhachis but rather distant so as to appear in a single row. Glumes

ary, the outer e d

me third rather narrower than the 2nd but both empty and equal

Panicle slender, of few distant simple slender secun ading

branches e lower ones 13 in. lo he upper ones shorter.

Spikelets rather distant along the rhachis, alternate but in 2

ong as the spikelet, broad, rather acute, 3-nerved, the 2nd and

3rd nearly equal, the 2nd with five, the 8rd with three prominent

nerves, arrow palea in the 3rd glume. Fruiting glume smooth

or minutely rugose under a strong lens.—Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 177 ;

F. Muell. fun. iii TO

N. Australia, Islands off the North Coast, R. Brown; Port Essington, Arm-

strong ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 34, 148, 191, 818.

NP i [MWe ma That. s md & aA Fa T e.

n hades

i { JD. b

- ff [n

gem vv

478 A A ui CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [Panicum.

24. E distachyum, Linn.; Kunth, Enu 91.—Stems deeum-

T or creeping and rooting a at the lower ala, Windt and ascending

. or rather more. Leaves flat, g abrous or with a few hairs

-er

first erect, at length sprea in

itate, ovoid 13 glabrous

glume searcely half the length of qus bpikelet; thin, very broad, the

margins overlapping. each other, 2nd and 3rd glumes nearly equal,

prominently 3-nerved; a narrow alea in the 3rd. Fruiting glume

nearly as long, very o obtuse, hardened but the 3 nerves very visible.—

x sek rer riparum, Trin. Sp ec. Gram. t. 186 (with a loose sparing in-

florescence).

Sear Rockhampton, rei are i Bokhara Flats, Leichhardt.

. Australia. Near Lake Eyre,

; rem distributed over East India a Pm Malayan Archipelago.

5. P. reversum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 152.—A weak glabrous

glaucous much-branched grass. Leaves long and narrow.

Spikelets not numerous, alternate and distant along the rhachis 80 as

to appear in one row, ovoid- oblong, fully 2 lines long in some e

mens, rather under 2 lines in Drummond's. Outer glume 3-nerve

o tuse, at least $ the length of the ikelet, 2nd and Ah

glumes equal, many-nerved, both empty in the spikelets I examin d

but F. ips funi a palea in the 3rd. Fruiting glume hardene

as in the gen

S. Australia. Near Lake TN -Andrews ; Lake Amadeo, Giles.

W. Australia, Drummond ; rotg River, [NEA

This s species seems to show di to the Plagiosetum

refractum. PE

SERIES se “a a —Spikelets sessile and c rowded in vr

or 4 rows ong the simple alternate usually secun d

1 or aeea Disada of the panicle. Glumes sometimes awn?

P. colonum, Zinn.—Stems erect or decumbent at the base, 2

ft. ne or more. Tok flat, glabrous. Panicle of several (about x

or io simple one-sided distant and usuall eei branches or ile

in. long, and not diminishing much upwards. Sp ike

1 line ‘long, ovoid, sessile and densely crowded in about t-4 ro

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 479

the rhachis without bristles but occasionally a few small empty scales

(abortive spikelets ?) at the base of the spike. Outer glumes coarsely

ubescent or nearly glabrous, the lowest nearly half as long as the

and 38rd

but not awned; a palea in the 3rd glume. Fruiting glume smooth

and shining.— Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 60; pE iiy colonum, Kunth,

Enum. i. 142.

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller.

Common in the €— and — 9 Hx oe of the Old World and in many

merica. F. Mueller, Fra 8, unites it with the P. erus-galli, and

ustralian specimens poets pe e cae pra to that species, but the small

awnless spikelets in more regul pikes, a $ bsence of tles on the

p refer them rather to the tropical P. colonum, The figure of Jacq

ram

t. 32 does not appear to me to ood ae the true P, colonum.

27. P. Linn.—A coarse decumbent eS —

to 1 or 2 th. re leaves rather broad, without any prod icle Mae

rarely a male flower in its axil. Fruiting gloom smooth and shining,

Without any or only a seg short point.—R. Br. Prod. 191; F. Muell.

ragm. viii. 198 ; e Spec. Gram. t. 161, 162; Oplis smenus crus-

galli, Kunth, Enum. . 143; Echinochloa crus us-galli, Beauv. ; Reichb.

le. FL Germ. t. 29

N. mang tralia, Victoria River and M‘Adam Range, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Port Molle, 4. Cunningham ; Port De enison, Fitzalan ; Brisbane

Ooh Now es F. Mueller and others; Rockhampton aad nei ighbo bourhood,

N. Vales Paterson River, R. Brown ; Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains

and northw: war to Now England, Woolls, C. Moore, C. Stuart and others

Vi immera, F. M:

W. Australia. Swan ires Helnich.

A common weed in most hot and some temperate countries and very probably siy

as an introduced weed in several of the dum localities, m "- — m res

urope.

P: lacunarium, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 47, from around the lagoons

of the Murray, is reduced by F. Mueller, viii. 198, to a vari — of F P. crus-galli, Mond

Panicle is er than with fewer more distant b no cilia on

hachis, the akole large, mostly about 2 lines hey without awns ue

glabrous nerves sA scabrous, and appears t ways a male

i much rese few of a

er in the t glume. im

European on es, but the above dhacténti may possibly prove constant.

480 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Panicum.

Siegen tes V. MYUROIDEA. —Spikelets not silky, crowded and elus pe

a dense continuous or rarely interrupted cylindrical spikelike

Spikelets ovoid, Else 1 to ds line load elustered and crowded ins

continuous and dense cylindrical spike or spikelike panicle 1 d -

long and not above 2 lines diameter, often dark-coloured. Ou

hy 3-nerved ; 2nd and 3rd glumes nearly equal, broad, 9- or Mayr m.

minute palea in "the axil of the 3rd.— P. angustum, Trin. Spec.

en t. 334.

N. Australia. Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz UN

Que a d. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. ei Pe

River, F. Mueller. didi

e species extends over roS Asia and Africa, but is ees common * rk

rage: with ve it is viter in the Hong Kong per an y F. Mue — Ka

It appears however to be c aktais distinct in oe very 8

spikelets with i as xe very cares and only slightly ciliate.

29. P. indicum, — Kunth, Enum. i. 133.--Stems decumbent

at the base, ascending to 6 or 8 in. in the smaller var rieties, ed rire

high in the larger ones. ede narrow. Spikelike panicle cy'n =

continuous or rarely interrupted, 4 in. or in some yarietigs A

e ,

half the length of the spikelet or rather more, : he

d gibbous at the base, often ciliate, 7- or 9-nerved, 3r ue

same length but straighter and neither gibbous nor ciliate, »» Si

ea in its e Suites ctm “ged shorter.—

ustrali

oci Norman = — Rivers, Gul bane

eavour River, hake gor Solander ; Wide Bay and Bris

— Leichhardt ; Moreton Bay, C. Stuart

an Wales. aramatta, Wo abe.

Prod. 18

b ede b over tropical Asia and Africa. P. phleoides, R. 2 slender, with

ie seectly the typical form PaA in Herb. Linn., small an s le js the

a short spike of 4 to 1 in. and rather small spikelets. P. arcuatum, = ad er ins

pe ps the tnost-ccentnon form, with rather larger more urved sp ;

spike of 1 to 2in. The two run very much into ieri other

the

30. P. myurus, Lam.; Kunth, Enum. i. S6.—A tall gre he

lower part Yee under water often thick and rooting at the je xui

upper part nie ees to 4 tt. high, quite glabrous. Leaves flat, 3

lobed and intefr Epitt at the base, 8 in. to above 1 ft. long. B ind

crowded along the short erect branches. Outer glume tm

ON oe RT SENE

Panicum. | CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. 481

hyaline, L-nerved, macronate-acute, under 1 line long, inserted (alw ays 4

nerv

o t

5-nerved, usually with a small palea in "he axil. Flowering glume

pe, thin and hyaline at the time of flowering, sli zy stiffened but

not hardened round the fruit.— Zymenachne myurus auv. Agrost.

2t 10. f. 8, and with some other species, Nees, pe: Brasil. "273;

P. interruptum, Wild. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 87.

CAREI Trinity Bay, Bailey.

A r common tropical grass in the New and the Old World. The thinner

consistency of the fruiting glume might Cani the taking the species as the type of

ction, but Scarcely of a distinct genu

s VL Panrovrnats.——Panicle-branches usually more or less

divided. Spikelets all pedicellate, except in the first four species which

approach the Paspaloideæ.

31. P. foliosum, R. Br. Prod. 191.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. high, (iir

bent at the base. Leaves rather broad, usually pubescent, the ne

like margins often undulate. Panicle loose, w with few distant aingie

branches, the rhachis flexuose and slender, the lower branches some-

times 2 to 3 in. long. Spikelets few, distant, almost sessile or dis-

tinetly pedieellate, and the lower pedicels sometimes bearing 2 spike-

lets, all above 2 lines long in the typical furm, ovoid, acute, pubescent

or glabrous. Outer glume about half as long as the spikelet, very

broad, acute, with about 7 nerves, 2ud and 3r D eo nearly

r in

glume minutely rugose without the point of P. jc m m allies,

but usually with a short callous incurved tip.—F. Muell. Fragm.

viii, 194.

Queensland. Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander ; Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Rock-

hampton, O'Shanesy, inia Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt, C. Stuart,

N.S. Wales. Clarence River, Bekler.

? Petiveri. Panicle smaller but rather more branched. Spikelets more

"s merous and much sean: sd der 2 lines long, the lower ones on the lower primary

branches sometimes several together on sho. P. Petiveri, Trin

i Gram. To e heel common pear to belong some

E ndia,

ecimens trom the is slan ds off the North Seem R. pee dase WI presume to be

d. 190.

rathe 2 k

erect or slightly. d branehes, all glabrous without any or wit

Y f er t i

482 CXLIY. GRAMINE. [ Panicum,

glume to 4 as long as the spikelet, rather acute, 1- or 3-nerved ; 2nd

and 3rd glumes nearly equal, the 2nd broad, usually prominently 7-

nerved, the 3rd narrower, with about 5 nerves, and enclosing a long

alea. Fruiting glume tipped with a minute point and minutely

transversely rugose.

S. Australia. Near Lake Eyre, Andrews.

Trinius's plant is from San Domingo in the West Indies, and if it were not on the

authority of Munro,I should have great hesitation in uniting with it this one from

Central Australia,

distant gi , although T

inflorescence than that of th

glume t the length of the spikelet, very broad and pei

pro 9- or 7-nerved, the 2nd glume about twice the length o 1

lowest and half the 3rd, very broad and obtuse, prominently 9- "e d

nerved ; 3rd e many-nerved like the 2nd but more acute, grooved 0

[en

à n-

e shorter, acuminate, more or less curved, co

tracted at the base, transversely rugose.

* he

Queensland. Dawson River, F. Muciler : Herbert's Creek, S ker

latter specimens the rhachis of the panicle-branches is sometimes produce

the last spikelet into a short awnlike point almost asin Chameraphis.

34. P. un ulatum, R. Br. Prod. 191.—Glabrous erect =

much branched, attaining sometimes 8 ft. (F. Mueller), the nodes ke 8

much thickened. Leaves flat, na i nto- Bor E

lets few and distant along the branches, usually purplish, 27 to pes

long. Outer glume lanceolate, about half the length of the sp! 9-

the 2nd and 3rd nearly equal, acutely acuminate, 7- or some lea in

nerved, sprinkled with short erect rigid hooked hairs ; a small pale

the 83rd. Frui ing glume smaller, quite smooth. =

Queensland. East Coast, R. Brown; Wide Bay, Leichhardt ; Burni EL

* MM ; Herbert's Creek, Bowman ; Rockhampton, 0' Shanesy, Thozet ;

5. P. majusculum, F. Muell, Herb.—Erect, rigid, but not stou

Leaves flat, sprinkled wk a few long hairs, the orifice of the d ps

ciliate with long hairs, but no prominent ligula. ` Panicle uae

Lander spreading rather rigid slightly divided branches, each bear

l or 2 spikelets on filiform pedicels. Spikelets nearly 3 lines

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINEÆ. 483

ovoid, acute, straw-coloured, glabrous. Outer glume half the length of

the spikelet or rather more, broad, acute, 3-nerved; 2nd and 3rd equal,

acutely acuminate, 7-nerved, both empty. F FONOS lume obtuse,

smooth, raised above the others by a stipes or prolongation of the

rhachis, dilated into an orbicular disk or por dius under the glume.

N. Australia. Victoria River, Elsey.

36. P. pauciflorum, R. Br. Prod. 191—A low much-branched

E^ more or = sprinkled with long spreading hairs, rarely quite

glabrous. Leaves narrow, with short “sheaths, the ligula very short

or scarcely pro inate ciliate. Panicles in the axils of the numerous

ral leav , often scarcely exceeding them, redu fe

Bedieellato glabrous, acute, about 2 lines long. gone fore broad,

fully half as long as the spikelet, acute, 3- or ‘B-nerved ; “2nd and 3rd

A equal, acutely acuminate, finely 5- or 7-nerved ; a aut s pa

in the 3rd. Fruiting glume oblong, rather acute, smooth and shining,

not much ieee half the length of the other glumes, but raised above

hem by tipes or rolongation of the rhachis bordered under the

spiele? by a broad short hyaline membrane.

N. Australia, Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown,

Var. gsm very much neg = leafy, the a not exceeding

the floral leaves.—U pper Victoria r, F. Mueller ; in the interior, M‘ Dougall

Stuart ; near AR Springs, Giles.

7. P. semitonsum, F. Muell. Herb. inti ergo: apparently

our 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, glabro he ligula scarcely

prominent, minutely ciliate. Panicle narrow, ue, not much branched,

3 to 6 in. long, the primary branches rather distant, the secondary ones

Very short, sometimes reduced to clusters of 2 or 3 ; pte Spikelets

rather erowded, very shortly pedicellate, nearly 2 lines long.

ni above 4 the length of the spikelet,

rather larger and more obtuse, thinner, with 5 or 7 nerves and some-

times a few cilia at the top, enclosing a male flower x a large acute

palea, Fr uiting glume rather shorter, narrow, acute, sm th.

N. Australia. Victoria River, Elsey ; near Providence Hill, x Mueller,

icellate in ihe. pe ra more acumi inate than in

lines long. Outer glume "Jess than } the length of the aii me

Sometimes only i e vum acute ; 2nd and 3rd glumes Aggi equal

484 CXLIV, GRAMINE. [ Panicum.

acuminate, almost it 7-nerved ; a male flower in the 3rd.

S ie rie mud en ig acute, smooth and shining.

N. h-west eus Point Cunningham, Cygnet Bay, 4. Cun-

rentia adno; ila, Walco

P. repens, Linn.; Kunt th, Enum. 1097 SIDE from a

creeping and rooting base ascending to 1 or 2 ft, rather stiff, the

sometimes quite glabrous ; ligula short, ciliate. Panicle narrow, with

a few long branches, erect or at length spreading, the apixelets shortly

ondar

filiform flexuose piaohis, Spikelets 15 ose long, glabrous, or the

length of the spikelet, acute, 1-nerved ; 2nd and 3rd glumes Done iue

acute or acuminate, prominently 3- or 5-nerved ; a male n the

E Fruiting glume ac T. smooth or arises rugose. Be jc o

Brot. Phyt. Mie i ; P. airoides, R. Br. Prod. 190

N. Australia. TON R. Brown, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin,

Piram n. ees ong Island. Zi

Q land. Endeavour E £P and Solander. RA

: ales. Glendon, Leichhardt ; Murray River, F. Mueller, perhap

introduced. F

The species is com e districts in southern Asis northern Africa an

southern acs si se sete aan on the coasts of Braz

i ens and oe PECES. Pe Jow ered, but the inflores —

nearer that of P. decompositum. "paired narrow =a rat ger long, "

ligula scarcely eli ie Panicle at length exserted from the T

n. long, with numerous epis y

rie divided EG the lower ones clustered. Spikelets a^ 9

nearly equal, acute or acuminate, 5-n nery d. A male flower es ss

3rd glume. "Fruiting glume rather acute, smooth or very min

rugose

N. Farini Escape Cliffs, Hulse ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 806.

t from

um, Linn., known under the name of Guinea Grass, -— been sent

P long

Brisbane as from wale vation. It is an erect grass of 3 to 5 ft., aint

and rather broad leaves. Panic large and , with ctii capi obtuse

divided branches oie. nomean m a pedicellate, 14 to 14 lines long; A mile

Glumes membran keat sse ab Lr ?nd an

flower in the 3rd.

41. P. pygmeum, R. Tie

n Somy at the nöden akidik 4o 46 in” Teaves Cae always

in. long, linear or Iieeolate, ciliate and usually but meet

railed with bs hai Panicle short and spreading, wi pic

capillary flexu owe simple or slightly divided branches. Spikele

eee

eRe MM

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINE E. 485

and distant, scarcely 1 line long, obtuse, glabrous. Outer glume very

short, brood, truncate, nerveless ; 2nd and 3rd glumes equal, 3- or 5-

nerved, both empty. Fruiting glume smooth and shining.—F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 193.

nsland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey ; Cleveland Bay,

; South Queensland, Hartmann.

PS. ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Mrs. Calvert and

others; Ash Island, Scott.

Quee

Gulliver

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 264.

Queensland. Daintree River, Fitzalan.

P. minutum, R. Br. Prod 191, from Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, is

founded upon a very small slender annual of 2 or 3 in. inc uding the panicle, which

appears to be an accidentally small depauperated state of P. trichoides.

43. P. hermaphroditum, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 67.—-Stems

creeping and rooting at the base, ascending to 1 ft. or more, rather

slender. Leaves spreading, lanceolate or almost linear, sprinkled

and gibbous, the 3rd rather longer and straight. Fruiting glume very

hard and smooth, broad and very gibbous. . Palea al :

Projecting laterally from the glume more than in any other species.—

- pilipes, Nees in Pl. Wight, Exs. n. 2343.

eensland. Daintree River, Fitzalan.

This species, which is also in Ceylon, the East Indian Peninsula and the Malayan

a ar te prs bé quis distónot from the P. trigonum, Retz, with

Which it is united in Thw. Enum. 359. Po

44. P. marginatum, R. Br. Prod. 190.—A rather slender but

often rigid grass, decumbent brauching and often rooting at the base,

486 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Panicum.

em pi e the yolas .—Trin. ir . Gram. ii. t, 209; F. Muell.

Gu: ensland. Wide and Moreton Bays, F F, Mueller, Leichhardt and others;

Boodonton: O' Shanesy. z —Á—

Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others ; Hunter's a vo rown ;

Now England , C. Stuart ; rum ay River, Bechler ; Hastings a /

" Various loc alities in eastern Gipps' Land, F. Mue :

ar Ps ; Reus tall, with broad leaves 6 in. long, the lower bane " e

nicle 4 in, and the spikelets above 1} lines long.— Queensland, c

sore collections

E strictum. Stems slender, rigid, much branched, with very short n inp

ves, the panicle narrow, very littie denne hus epa enm sd p 8

interrupted spike, ES stritu um, R. Br. ; Trin e" *

ieb. Agrostoth. n. 71 and 90.— Port dubai R. gt at pue Pe

Amidst all its Am which it metimes seems difficult to ar pu paced

readily known by the dense pubescence of the fruiting glume w which ha bis

Observed in any other SANG Some specimens se MES show that eis 7. p "en

: —— an after-growth fr m plants “that have ned cut down genes

ari e P. singulare, Stond. S yn. Glum. i. 60, from the ery given,

es saecuits to the same speci

35. P. Mikey: Benth.—À low decumbent grass 1

scending branches of 6 to 8 in. Leaves very spreading, rather

icle na erect, no /

2 in. long. Spikelets very shortly pedicellate or almost sessile,

ovoid, obtuse, uh der 1 line 1 g oti

rather acute, 2nd and 3rd glumes nearly equal, — 2d

5-nerved, both empty. , raro glume smooth and shling: "but ipP

with a slight pubescen.

Queensland. Moreton C. Stuart. F. Mueller thinks that this m eis

variety of P. marginatum, but oy ides a demos 1 in habit and the pubescence oof

the spikelets are m

leaves, uch smaller and the fruiting glumes quite glabrous exe?

at the ti tip.

46. P. obseptum, Trin. Gram. Panic. vit ii. gon pus we

glabrous grass, decumbent at the Se or creepin icle

euy ascending. M aves narrow, the ligula a ring of cilia. E: an

w and loose, 1 to 2 in, long, of he ligula a ring o arcely div! a

Reise is.

Panicum.) CXLIV. GRAMINER. 487

branches. Spikelets a all pedicellate, the upper ones of each

primary branch solitary, the lower ones 2 or 3 together on short

secondary branches, all breed. 1 to 13 lines long, quite glabrous,

rather obtuse. Outer glume short, broad, nerveless, truncate or shortly

acute, the 2nd and 3rd equal or nearly so, membra anous, 5-nerved,

both empty. Fruiting glume rather acute, smooth and shining.

N. S. Wales. oe of ponds, Port Jackson and Richmond, Woolls; New

England, C. Stuart

The shape x tho spikelets and ipe! would suggest that this might be a very

reduced form of P. decompositum, but none of the rather numerous specimens show

any tendency do a furthe lopment ine there is da vestige of a palea in the 3rd

glume. ]tis dou ubtfully referred by F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 195, ia P. hygrocharis,

Ste ud., an Aby yssinian plant named P. paludosum 5 Hocete and published as P.

aquaticum by ichard, but ‘that is the co repens, readily

characters by the male flower in the 3rd ¢ I have not seen the typic

Specimen received by Trinius from ence! as pao Port wing but the descrip-

tion given by Trinius, as well as that of Nees in Mart. Fl. Bras. ii. 113, taken from

the same specimen, leave no doubt as to its identi tity.

47. P. Buncei, F. Muell. Herb.—A. gl e d perennial of 1 to 2

ft. Leaves long and narrow, the ligula prominent, bordered by a oe

long cilia. Panicle narrow, rather loose, not much branched, 3 to 4 ir

long, the Dikushes filiform and flexuose. Spikelets several along the

smaller branches, ether pets nearly 2 lines long. Outer glume

broad and loose, thin, almost truncate but l- or 3-nerved, + or 4 the

length of the spikelet; 2nd and 3rd glumes nearl “equal, mem-

and. Bokhara Flats, Leichhardt.—I have some hesitation in p ing

this 9 penis —-— has much the aspect of a few specimens of P. repens but there

Seats io to be no male flower in tho 3rd glume which I have invariably fo ound in

+ repens,

orifice of the sheath, vus quite glabrous, the ligula very short,

ciliate. Panicle usually only 2 or 3 in. long, loose _and slender but

narro s

all pedieellate, about 1 line long, glabrous. Outer glume acute,

3-nerved, fully 2 as long as the spikelet; 2nd and 3rd quid

nearly equal, acute, about 5-nerved, the 3 rd with a palea but

Stamens. Fruiting glume smooth and shining.

p Queensland. Brisbane ere nouem Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey ; Rockhampton,

O'Shanesy ; Herbert's Creek, B

488 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Panicum.

Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolis; Maneroo, Mrs. Calvert ; New

England, C. Stuart ; Archer's Station, Leichhardt.

49. P. m melananthum, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 47.—

annual, Leaves flat and rather broad, the ligula exceedingly short,

lume ovate, acute, 1- or times 3-nerved, nearly 4 the length i

the spikelet ; 2nd and 3rd po nearly equal, acute, mere ps

membranous, with usually 5 not prominent nerves, the

empty without any palea. Waitin glume smooth and quint

aegra Brisbane River, Moreton B Jay, F. Mueller, Bailey.

. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart Big , River Wilcox.

Siete Hume, King and Ovens Rivers, F. Mue

F. Mueller (Fragm. viii. 192) refer to P. coloratum becom a species founded on

a garden plant which is apparently nt t dietinot from P, 7

miliaceum, Linn., a species ur much cultivated in ue pem erranean region

under t the name of ‘ Little Millet’ well as in several hot countries, has been ndi

Aust pm as an escape rout eaneivalion: (F. Mueller). It is an erect annu

3-nerved, above as ed as the broad membranous 7- to 11-nerved 2nd and

3rd glumes. Fruiting glume smooth and shining.

50. P. um, R. Br. Prod. 191.—An erect perennial, our speci-

mens ually under 1 ft. but said to attain 2 ft. Leaves lanceolate ot

linear-lanceolate, oe and ame as well as the sheaths, the no m

bearded with long s eading hairs; ligula very short and iat -

Panicle aai niahi, pe within the last leaf, 3 to 4 in. long W e

istis leis at length twice as long, the filiform divided brane s

Grd Qe Ay equal, 5- or 7-nerved, a palea within the 3rd gn

ruiting ind

n. 67; Trin . Spec. Gram

ss k,

Pn. — os EE Bowman ; and apparently the same, Cape Yor

aeme and

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Ten y thb

others ; northward to New Engla: and, C. vows Macleay River, Beckler ; an

interior Nan duruga Creek, Victorian Expediti al

LU gerer —: IPM more or less udi —P, convallium ; p. Mue-

N.S. Wales. Murray and Darli Rivers, F. mend bres

Victoria. Ballarat, Boe Bacchus ; Po: Bay, F. M

Panicum. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 489

S. Australia. Ga wler UM Flinders Range, Torrens River, ete., F: Mihi :

North of. Fowler s Bay, G

. Australia. Taser’ 8 E Dempster.

F. Mueller MN viii. i. refers the whole species to the Ncrth American P.

capillare, Gronov., to whic certainly bears some general Pipini but yes

species has as far as j^ iem E s a male flower in the 3rd glume, which

never found in the Australian P. effusum, besides ids minor "iod nces.

51. P. Mitchelli, Benth.—An erect grass, decumbent at the base

only, 2 to 3 ft. high, nearly allied to P. effusum, but larger, quite glab-

rous and the nodes not bearded. Leaves often long, the short ligula

seid jagged than ciliate. Panicle usually very large and spreading

very numerous divided filiform branches, the lower ones clustered

âd rigid, t the upper ones scattered, Spikelets all Maiara usually

several along the ultimate branches, rather above ine long, acutely

acuminate, quite glabrous. Outer glume acute, b i the length of

the spike let, l- to 8-nerved; 2nd and 3rd glumes nearly equal,

acutely acuminate, about 5 hod. a palea in the 3rd sometimes very

dr more frequently above $ the glume. Fruiting glume smooth and

shining.

Queensland. North-east Coast, 4. Cunningham ; Cape York, Daemel ; Port C

Mole y; Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy ; Rockhampton, O Shanesy ; Warwick,

s. Wales. Bogan River, Mitchell ; se, Campden, Macquarrie and Castle-

oe Rivers, Woolls ; Clarence el Beckler

maller glaucous pla nt with a smaller Vaf and rather € Vae, from

Cooper 8 Creek, Howitt s Ex polities appears to be a aa of this spec

F. Mueller, Fragm. x. 76, mentions P. incomptum, Trin., as having been gat thered by

Daliachy at Rockingham Bay. I have not found a pei "Dalla chy's plants in Herb.

F. ` al any spe 8 answering p those we € f P. incomptum from the

Philippine Islands as well as from E. India, nor any $ seine h y F. Mueller, but it

18 possible he may have intended to include in P. duoómphvi Dallachy" E — of

- Mitchelli, which are allied to it but according to my views quite distin

- decompositum, R. Br. Prod. 191.—A semi-aquatic VA GU

ie often talland stout. Leaves mostly long, flat and rather broad

especially when growing in water, narrow in drier situations; fils

Very short and broad, ciliate. Y Pohoi 6 in. to 1 ft. long or even more,

me merous crowded filiform divided branches, er o

long, PCR of a nili straw colour. glume very short, broad

truncate, thin and nerveless ; glumes nearl

equal, aeute, thinly membranous, 5- or 7-nerved, the 3rd with a palea

fr + its length but no stamens. rui me very sm

g glu

and shining.— P. proliferum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 191, not of Lam. ;

P. amabile, Balansa in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xix. 324, at least as to the

- Australian plant referred to; P. levinode, Lindl. in Mitch. Three

Exped. i. 238. i

490 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Panicum.

Australia. Gulf of Pa nta Bes Am own; Victoria and’ Fitzmaurice

Rive on nf ur Cygnet B ted

Que Port Cur a aro Sn Brisba ane River, Bailey ; Flinders River,

sucher lanl; "King 8 Creek, pine Peak Downs, Burkitt; also in Leichhardt s col-

lec

"s. Wales. Macleay River, Beckler ; Russell and Johnston Rivers, W. Hill;

Darling River, NE

r Central Australia, Cooper’s Creek, Howitt; near Lake Eyre, Andrews;

Charlotte taces n

W. Australia, ue REN 4. 48 and 957; Murchison River, Oldfield.

The species is also common in East India if the P. paludosum, Roxb. be really

identical, as it hec p be SM Aene a some slight differences in the prm

examine rrower-leaved —€— Fie pbc differ also kt e

rather aa iig E with the outer glum o truncate, but P

probably one species. M ak is also of opinion that the North American P. genicu P

tum, Muehl. m y ie ifia s e, but certainly not the P. proliferum, eed to whi

paludosum, kak. has lei indvertoniy referred by some recent botanists

stamens in any of the ae examined. Fruiting glume is

shorter, obtuse, smooth and shining.

- Arnhem's

N. Australia. Victoria River, Elsey ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 343 ; "

Land, Jf: Kinlay. bo

Var. tenuior. More slender, panicle not so large and less scabrous, and theg

less acute.

Peak

Queensland. Percy Islands, A. Cunningham; Brisbane River, Bailey ;

Downs, F. Mueller ; Springsure, Wuth. We

F. Mueller, eem dn viii. 192, reduces the species to the North Ameri rican pert

dit: Tin which it resembles in some respects, but differs in infor a

merican plant is alyans described a s having a AT flow the

mw I also find in all the American Meinen I have mined

à DA

me outer one obtuse, with scarious margins, more than

of the spikelet, 3- or Sunar the 2nd and ‘3rd nearly equal, c

about li lines Mei Empty mis rq. rigid, prominently 97.

wje

Panicum.] CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 491

9- or 7-nerved, no palea in the 3rd. Fruiting glume smooth and

shining.

oo Condamine River, Hartmann ; Armadillo,

ales. Lachlan and Darling Rivers, Daillachy, ‘uric "` Mount Murchi-

Son, M

Victoria. Avoca Murrumbidgee and Leh ri Rivers, F. Mudie

S. Australia. Flinders Range, F. Mue

Munr Vire z= = Queensland plant may prove to be distinct from

southern one, 0, however, must be closely allied er! roi rir ied:

from all others ot y» ph by the much longer ligula not

4. OPLISMENUS, Beauv.

(Orthopogon, R. Br.)

simple da ia Glumes 4, the lowest empty one not much hortet

than the others and with a longer awn, the i a Eee awnless

and poe with the palea round the grain as in Panic

mall tropical and pedir genus common al the New and the Old 7

avery closely allied to of the awned species of Panicum, to which sev

botani s would re e it. "T he inflorescence, Leu aa the greater dev siop-

ment ons g awn of the outer empty glume, may however suffice to retain it

fede with “the limits originally gel pee to it by Beauvais and by Brown. The

ralian species are both of them of a Pict wide distribut

ES branches of the panicle 4 to 2 in. long , . 1. O. compositus.

All the branches of the panicle Sel io sessile clusters . . z O. setarius.

l. O. compositus, Beauv. — 54.—Usually a weak grass

softly ieee, or villous, but sometimes nearly glabrous. Stems

decumbent or creeping and verus at the base, ates sometimes

to iudi eaves from linear-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, 4 to

5 g rspecimens, but more frequently under 2 in

E the ione ans yy rain.— Panicum compositum MEI! ; Trin.

Spec. Gram. ii. t. 187, "we Ad F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 199; Orthopogon

compositus, R. Br. Prod. 1

492 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [ Oplismenus.

Queensland. Shoalwater Day and Broad Sound, R. Brown; Cape Yor

yg ig cep our River, á. qe a AR ; Goold and "Dunk Islands, Metiittion be

Rockingha am sed Dallac hd

Sieber, Agrost. 13; Botany Bay, J Banks and Solander ; Blue

Mountains, Woolls ; ; Macleay and Dieu Rivers, Beckler

. O setarius, Rem, and Schult.; Kunth, Enum. i. 139.— Very

near the slender torms of O. co mpositus, and perhaps rightly included

in that species by F. Mueller, but the spikes or branches of the papi

are all reduced to single sopsiló clusters of spikelets, or the lowest

rarely slightly elongated into2 distinct clusters. Leaves always narrow-

anceolate.— Panicum setarium, Lam. lliust. i. 170

C. Stuart

AR Was HE n: Pe ies ET A s eu iga Bay, €. "Riv er, C ‘Moore, Guilfoyle ;

Archer's Creek, t eer Lord Howe' grag: Fullagar

Victoria. Snowy and Broadribb Rivers, F, Mueller ; Yarra River, Luekman.

Ther o varie ii les s goes distinguished as species ; the one softly villous

including» mes ‘Moreton Ba ay an d Tw eed Riv specimens, is the Orthopogon

sagt

culus, Br. Fro jn , Kun th, gcn 142) ; the other, pede

early 80. e mahing specimens above quoted, includes Or eitis

acc and 0. inde dii is, R. . Prod. 194 (Oplismenis gp us, and O. imbecillis,

unth, Enum ; Panicum s i Trin. Spec. Gra t. 191).

5. SETARIA, Beauv.

Spikelets with 1 terminal hermaphrodite flower and somone

second male on 9 below it, erowded in a sapier dense or rarely

fruiting glume of a firmer consistence, wi with a perfect flower. Sty

distinct. Grain enclosed in the hardened need aud palea, bu

from them.

The genus is dapis spread over the warmer and temperate regions

globe. Of the four Australian species three are common weeds over n noel the

is abundant in eci

form in A . le genus is by so some again uced to a section of

winen i chiefly through the TAM SP fs and P. plicatum.

Fruiting glume transversely pere, Awnlike panicle-

eeth.

branches scabrous, with e

Panicle cy lindrical, simple e, oi in, mo sare spikelets

Solitary at the base of the bob risu 1, S. glauca:

Panicle dense or interrupted, 3 to 8 in. ces oe spike- iva

lets clustered near the base of the awnlike branches 2. S. macrostachya:

Fruiting gamir wesc penes more or less Mlistered pee

e-bran i

Awnlike panicle-bran ea aeons sers shaban teeth i S. verticillata

1. S. glauca, Beaw. ; h, Enum. i. An. è rect annual

a a pale green, i to 2 ft. cum [Pvt flat, er eniti ppr

Setaria.| CXLIV. GRAMINE. 493

often ciliate iig a few long hairs. Spikelike panicle simple, cylin-

drieal, 1 to 13 in. long, the spikelets sak at the base of numerous

awnlike branche es, many of which are barren and all odi with

od teeth directed upwards. Spikelets moth about 1} lines long.

Outer glume very small, the 2nd not quite so long as the 3rd

and very rarely stamens in the 8rd. mime glume more or less |

isoon, marked with prominent transverse wrinkles.—Reichb. Ic. Fl.

Germ. t. 47; Panicum glaucum, Linn. ; Trin. Spee. Gram. t. 195;

tun glaucum, R. Br. Prod. 195 ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 110.

N. Australia and Queensland, R. Brown, and sent by various collectors from

numerous localities,

. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and others ; and

in the interior, A. Feri ena x others.

Victoria. Goulburn River, F. Mueller.

Central Australia, Gosse.

Ac weed in the Old World and some parts of America, said by Déll and

vg x ded sR in oe by the S. irte R. and S. which, however ce seems

difficult to distinguish specifically in America any more deni in the Old Wor

2. S, macrostachya, H. B. and K. Nov, Gen. et Sp. i

Much taller and stouter than $. dts uca. Leaves long, flat, often pm

$n. broad, the ligula short, ciliate, otherwise quite glabrous i in the

typical form. Spikelike panicle 3 to 8 in. long, compound, usually

very compact and E iiis. or the lower branches longer. Spikelets

numerous on the lower branches, few on the upper ones, in dense

clusters more or less interspersed with ceni vitis branches, ovoid,

acute, fully 1$ lines long, glabrous. Outer about i the length

of the spikelet, the 2nd shorter than the 3rd s D variablo in | proportion,

all membranous with prominent nerves. Fruiting glume often oblique

or gibbous, always marked with prominent transverse wrinkles as iu

S. glauca.— Punicum macrosta hyum, Nees ; Pennisetum italicum, t

Prod. 195; °F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 110, but not the Panicum

italicum, Linn.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Port Denison, Fitzalan ;

Herbert's Creek, Bowman ; Rockhampton, wc y; Brisbane and Gilbert Rive vers,

F. Mueller, EA other localities in so south a nsland from various collectors.

N.S. Wales. Clarence River, 7.

The species is common in many des A tropical America in a form corresponding

to the usual Australian one; from East India we have but few specimens of a more

slender variety with interrupted spikelike panicles. The West Indian $. setosa,

Rem. and e ult., or Panicum setosum, Sw. Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 95, 96, has been also

referred to it, althou ugh it has generally a piede and narrower panicle. e 8.

italica, so Sd cultivated in some parts of Asia and of the Mediterranean region, is

very ieme lame readily known by its small nearly globular spikelets with

Var. ? Soa, pe ye slender. Leaves sprinkled with rigid hairs. Panicle

wee z narrow, slender and interrupted.—Pennisetum Swartzii, F. Muell. Fragm.

ustralia Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 272. Pehea habit nearly of the

“ida S, setosa, this may prove to be a distinct speci

494 _ CXLIV. GRAMINE X. [ Setaria.

Fruiting glumes smooth and shining, the minute transverse wrinkles

visible only under a lens.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 47; Panicum

viride, Linn.; Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 203; Pennisetum viride, R. Br.

Prod. 195.

N. Australia. Dampiers Archipelago, 4. Cunningham (an exceptional form

with spikes 3 to 4 in, long).

Central Australia. cDonnel Range, Giles.

W. Australia, Drummond.

Widely spread as a weed in many parts of the Old World, but not so common as

S. glauca and S. verticillata.

Gram. t. 202; Pennisetum verticillatum, R. Br. Prod. 195; F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 110.

N.A alia. Dampiers Archipelago and Nichol Bay, Walcot,

ustrali

. Australia, Drummond.

A common weed of cultivation in warm and temperate countries, in many places

probably of modern introduction.

6. PLAGIOSETUM, Benth,

of partial panicles or involucres, not awned, the involucres few and

rarely bearing a second spikelet. Glumes 4, the outer one short, t 1

2nd and 3rd empty. Ue distinct. Nut enclosed in the hardene

The genus is limited to a single species, endemic in Australia, allied to Setaria and

Pennisetum, but with the involucre very different from either.

1. P. refractum, Benth. n Hook. Ic. Pl. t, 1242— Apparently an-

Plagiosetum.} CXLIV. GRAMINER. 495

out i in. l he bristles not plumose, united a

and spikelet. Involuere not completely surrounding the spikelet,

a ong, t ris d at the base

into 3 or 4 slightly flattened branches with the minor branches or

Central Australia. Cooper's Creek, Howitt’s Expedition ; Alice Springs, Giles.

Occasionally but rarely the principal branch of the involucre is rather more flattened

and ends in a second spikelet, but the articulation is below the involucre as in

Pennisetum, not under each spikelet as in Setaria.

7. PENNISETUM, Rich.

(Gymnothrix, Beauv).

9: some modern botanists, be placed in two different genera, founded on the nature of

the involucre, and neither belong to the typical form with the inner bristles plumose

and the outer ones simple.

Involucral bristles numerous, all simple, surrounding the

Spikelet in several rows. . . e © + + + «4

Involucral bristles 6 to 10, all plumose at the base, closely

surrounding the spikelets . . s's + + + + + +

1. P. compressum.

2. P: arnhemicum.

dense spike of 3 to 6 in., consisting of numerous very unequal bristles,

he inner more rigid ones varying from 3 to 1 in., the outer ones much

shorter and finer, mostly minutely scabrous-ciliate but none of them

496 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Pennisetum.

plumose. Spikelet jaa within the involuere, narrow, terete, rather

1 line

acute, about 3 lines long. uter glume under $ long, orbicular,

2nd glume from 2 to 1 the length of the spikelet, the 3rd many-nerved,

em ty. Fr uiting glume eareely more rigid than the 3rd. Styles

united up to the feathery branches.—F. Muell. Fragm. vii. ll 10;

Setaria bs Sau Kunth, Enum. i. 150; Gymnothriz compressa,

Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. Bot. 103, t. 9.

Queensland an sbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Epa ; Leichhardt and others;

Rockhampton and neighbourhood district, Thozet and oth

S. Wal ort Jackson to the Blue Mountains, °R B n, A. om

Pre aud Een e Buel me C. Stuart ; Richmond fader ‘his. Hodgkinson

138)

SA es dg Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 19 (Gymnothriz yir inei Kunth, Enum.

from China, Ja | an, and perhaps from Burmah, is closely allied to if not Santis

with P. scite: although The oute a rires are E longer in proportion,

and the whole spike usually j^ not m s rger.

arnhemicum, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 109. —Stems erect. Leave

Hulk rather rigid, glabrous and glaucous, the ligula very short, sp!

into cilia. Spike rather dense, about 4 in. long. appearing woolly bie

the plumose bristles. Inv olueres ds. sessile, of 6 to 10 pua ro

bristles, the longest abou in. long, all very densely Mes : :

plumose with long soft white qve Spikelet vel shortly p ate

within the ricca about ines g, quite concealed 1 the :

Outer glume abou iem nya of on spikelets 2nd and 3rd wea

nearly equal, tend ‘and about 7-nerved, Fruiting aen

shorter, Bard. ditioni: aad shining. Styles nidis to the

nearly so.

Upper Victoria River, F, Mueller. Allied to the Africa

N. Australia.

lanuginosum, Hochst., but the bristles more numerous, rigid and longer,

spikelets rather longer

and g

8. CENCHRUS, Linn.

Spikelets Miei A terminal hermaphrodite flower and pero

male one below it, not awned, singly or 2 or 3 together withi

ovoid or glotülar i invo oluere of numerous bristles, the inner o id the

broad and flat ned, conneeted at the base and ha ardened roun

short ale a and Miu tinea 3 stamens in the 3rd. lean

more E ius the others but not so much ha den hd

anicu Styles usually | re shortly united at the Sio

Nui peus in the fruiting “glume and palea, free

ahaa T

Cenchrus.) ` CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 497

genus is spread over os yous regions of both the New and the Old

Worl li The Australian specie: all erm bue ri one of them differs but

very little from a New Calodohiit ph Polynesia:

rona, glabrous. Involucres under 4 ong, the

cr bristles or lobes ape eee at the ate Spikelets .

1. C. australis.

Leaves tios " Involucre under 4 lines long, the inner

= or lobes lanceolate, not ciliate, inflexed when

3 à 2. C. inflexus.

ges o ous. Involucres 5 lines lo ong, the inner

bristles or hes shortly ciliate. Spikelets usually 3 . 3. C. elymoides.

nse ensland. Northumberland Islands, R. Brown; Brisbane River, Moreton

av, F. Muell pt P eru Rockhampton and neighbouring districts, Bowman,

0 [t sy aisi

Aue Ver s. Gece s Head, R. Brown; A: Jackson to the Blue Mountains,

Woolls, C. Moore, and others ; Macleay and Claren e Rivers, Beckler, Wilcox ; Rich-

mond Rive r, C. Moore ; New England, C. Stua

Very nearthe €. "— Cav. (C. anomopleris, Labill.) i the South Sea

Islands and New Caledonia, which however seems to differ chim aape n

nclosing frequently 2 ikeleta, » i — eun rd onger and more acute

and other ar illeren nae Bo s vary in er bristle much longer

€ others or not exceeding Quá

"deca australis. Spikelets erat, ME o R. Brown,

lune rather acute, ine 2nd and 3rd 5-nerved, all membranous enclos-

e grain

iy Arnhem N. Bay, R, Brown.

YOL, YII mI 23

498 CXLIV. GRAMINEA. — [Cenchrus

vem ni F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 107.—An erect grass x

several feet. Leaves flat or convolute, often very long, the sheaths an

nder surface sillous with soft hairs. S pike 4 to 6 in. lon o, Involueres

flexuose rhachis. Inner bristles or lobes about 8, flat, shortly ciliate,

not inflexed ; outer ones shorter, rather numerous, subulate, one narrow

inner one awnlike and at least twice as long a the others, all seabrous

with asperities turned upwards. pikelets usually 3. Outer pee

very short and hyaline ; 2nd glume nearly as long as the 3rd. A male

flower in the 8rd glume of the central spikelet, often a palea only in

the lateral spikelets. Terminal or fruiting glume enclosing à pa

maphrodite or apn flower, or sometimes only a male flower in the

lateral spikelet

N. Australia. Sturts Creek, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 59,

193

Queensland. Cape York, Daemel.

9. CHAMÆRAPHIS, R. Br.

Spikelets with 1 terminal flower usually female by abortion an

male one below it, few and distant or solitary on the filifo n

ther

MU m tenista grasses, glabrous or nearly 80

flat, the d ligula shor

there

Besides the three Australian species, one of which extends over IP The torion

is one ages closely allied to it in Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula . Fl

poll. : d bas

ii. 15 25) is very closely allied to C usd apit ay be

Sis be same acs inflorescence, but the ee structure of the spikelets ™

sufficiently distinct to justify the séluiidày 1 it as a separate genus

Panicle Tan with distant T on pps eue nescens:

ene € and obtu LX,

ius spikelike but loose, the vikede often 2 together

ower Hi rome p ane g glume acute. Outer aradoza.

Pun 4 ee Voce. Benin 2. C. pere

anicle spikelike and bre , the aari e all ‘solitary at the

base of the lon awnlike branches. Fruiting glum

PM Ontor pane hr p prominent, 5 callous 3. €. hordeatet

1. C. spinescens, Poir. Dict, Suppl. ii. 189.— Stems creep"

VOS Miseni tpe repe jn

chaise

Chameraphis. CXLIV. GRAMINER. 499

em.— asper

spinescens, R. Br. Prod. 193

| Queensland, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; East Australian lagoons, Leich-

ardt,

: S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Blue Mountains, Woolls.

Victoria. Lower Mitta-Mitta and Broken Rivers, F. Mueller.

hortipum

Var. parvispicula, differing only in the much smaller spikelet

R. Br. Prod, 193 ; Chameraphis abortiva, Poir. Dict. Suppl. ii. 189.

.N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; between the

Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

The species is generally spread over East India from Ceylon and the Peninsula to

the Malayan Archipelago and South China.

2, C.p

C. spinescens. Leaves mostly short and spreading. Panicle almost

reduced to a sim le spikelike raceme, the awnlike branches mostly

a most nerveless.— Panicum paradoxum, R. Br. Prod. 193; Kunth, Rev.

ram. t. 32 ; Gaudich. in

S fons S. Wales. Confluence of the Nepean and Grose Rivers, R. Brown; Manly

amps, Wools,

Victori Swamps between Snowy River and Lake King, F, Mueller.

and spikelike, cylindrical, about 12 ng, much narrower than in

song, giving the

Spike a very barley-like aspect, Spikelets cylindrical, 3 to —. ©

500 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Chameraphis.

surrounded by a few hairs at the base. Outer glume exceedingly short,

callous and truncate, 2nd and 3rd nearly equal, many-nerved, narrower

and more rigid than in C. paradoxa.—Kunth, Rev. Gram. i. 249, t. 36;

Panicum chameraphis, Trix. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6, m.

217.

N. Australia, Islands off the North Coast, R. Brown. The three styles ob-

served by R. Brown must have been in an exceptionally abnormal flower. In the

spikelets examined by Kunth, as well as in two I have examined from R. Browns

specimens, there were but two. I have seen the species in no other collection.

10. STENOTAPHRUM, Trin.

(Diastemanthe, Steud.)

A small genus dispersed over the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the New an

the Old World. The only Australian species is a widely spread one, chiefly m

stricts and is believed to have been introduced into Australia.

SR ericanum, Schrank; Kunth, Enum. i. 138.—A oer

rather coarse grass creeping and rooting at the base, ascending to Y ji

1ft., the stems somewhat flattened. Leaves obtuse, flat or invo "e

the sheaths usually broad and flat, ciliate at the orifice. Spikes solita 7

* LI 2

and terminal, 2 in; or more, the rhachis flat and flexuose udin

es broad, readily disarticulating transversely between the ur

‘kele

glabrum, Irin. F ance

sg t. 21, £:8; Diastemanthe platystachys, Steud. Syn. Glum.

N. Australia. N. W. Coast, Wickham ; Foul Point, A. Cunningham.

Queensland. Wreck Reef, Denham ; also in Leichhardt’s collection.

Stenotaphrum.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 501

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, U. S. Exploring Expedition ; “an introduced

8rass, now known as Buffalo grass," F. Mueller.

The species is dispersed over the tropical regions both of the New and the Old

World, chiefly near the sea.

11. XEROCHLOA, R. Br.

Spikelets with 1 terminal hermaphrodite flower and frequently a

male one below it, few in a short simple or branched spike almost

enclosed in distant sheathing bracts along the main axis of the panicle,

with a bract under each branch or spikelet. Glumes 4, thin, the outer

one short, the 2nd longer, the 3rd the longest with a large very promi-

nently 2-nerved palea and often 3 stamens. Terminal flowering glume

shorter and very thin. Palea broad, closely enveloping the flower and

ut. Styles united almost up to the rather long plumose stigmas.

Grain enclosed in the thin palea, free from it.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Edid pow . 6... gcd cat esi ss otto Urn obe dE rn

Pedicel 2nd glume and palea of the 3rd glume densely

„bearded, at least in the upper spikelets . . . . . . 2. X. barbata.

Pedicel 2nd glume and palea of the 3rd glume densely covered t

with long intricate woolly hairs . . . . . . . . . 3. X. laniffora.

l. X. imb

barbata, with a similar habit and foliage. The flowering bracts appear

to be rather narrower and more distant, more frequently terminating

m a point or lamina, Spikes branched, with 5 or 6 spikelets on each

branch, but the whole not much exceeding the outer bract. Glume

and pale: as in X. barbata, except that they are all glabrous.—F. Muell.

Fragm. viii, 117.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Cygnet Bay, A.

m aningham ; Victoria River and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz,

rect, cartilaginous, produced into a very short obtuse or truncate erec

lamina, each enclosing

spikelets often scarcely exceeding the outer bract, each spikelet on a

ort thick pedicel enclosed in a many-nerved glume-like braet and

lines lo lower ones glabrous except a few long cilia on the

l f the 2nd glume and the nerves of the palea of the 3rd,

West spikelet sometimes the upper spikelet the

502 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [ Xerochloa.

glume usually densely ciliate or bearded. Grain much shorter than

the enveloping palea.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 117.

W. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Albert River,

Henne,

3. X. laniflora, Benth.—More branched and leafy than x e

thing of the aspect of Anthistiria membranacea or of Apluda m

Sheathing bracts enclosing tke spikes seve

: f

sheathing and subtending bracts, the protruding ends of the p

the fertile flowers and sometimes the lowest spikelet remaining 8

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller. This is probably the plant m pude

viii. 117, as allied to Newrachne. "The want of the rig ae

which suggested the generic name would make it at first difficult to "er the wool

congener, but on examination there appears to be nothing but the habit an

of the spikelets to distinguish it,

12. THUAREA, Pers.

(Microthuarea, Beawy, ; Thouarea, Kunth ; Ornithocephalochloa, Kurz.)

ps ju 4

Spikelets moncecious, in a simple one-sided spike, cel ae

spatha-like bract, the upper (4 to 6) spikelets with 2 mate and a

or 2 lower ones with one female or hermaphrodite flower ll and

rudimentary or male one below it. Glumes 4, the outer = small

m the

The genus contains only a single species common on sandy sea shores T

Mascarene to the Pacific Islands.

; tin

l. T. sarmentosa, Pers. Syn. i. 110.—Stems creeping and puo

to a great extent, shortly ascending under the inflorescence.

flat, lanceolate, broad or narrow, 1 to 2 i

* ually

sparingly silky-pubescent on both sides. Spike us d

erve

ore rigi i g ikelets the 8

more rigid, but thin and glabrous. In the male spikelets ‘hae

outer glume often debet the 2nd hairy, the 3rd and 4th ratae

Ce Se ee ae

Thuarea.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 503

eer. glabrous, each enclosing a male flower.-—Kunth ere. Gram.

t. 35; T. latifolia, T. media and T. involuta, R. Br. Pro ; Orni-

thocephalockioa arenicola, Kurz in Trim. Journ. Bot. iv. © Garb, 332,

N. Australia. Arnhem North Bay, 2. Bre own

aptent Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; ; Rockingham Bay,

allae.

13. SPINIFEX, Linn,

Spikelets festous, spicate or solitary on partial rhachises sole

in dense globular h eads with a bract under each rhachis. M ant:

Spikelets usually several to each bract, spicate or due 2- ite s

G umes 4, ane d similar, 2 outer empty ones sometimes smaller some-

times larger than the 2 flowe ering : ones. A ag alea and 3 stamens

developed palea and sometimes 3 stamens or staminodes. Palea in th

4th glume perfect. Stamens 3, often imperfect. in s 2, distinct

Besides the three Australian species, of which one extends to the coasts of New

Zealand and New Caledonia, there is a fourth very closely allied to one of the

ustralian ones, widely spread along the sandy sea-shores of tropical Asia.

Heads of Mind several inches diameter. Male ees

in spikes to Apes in. Females at the base of rigi

T. ia

Plant ERE aT orvillous . ... - . « + L S hirsutus.

Plant glabrous | 2. S. longifolius.

Heads of spikelets not above 1 in. 1. diameter. ` Male spikelets

or clus tered within small bracts. _ Females

within broad bract 8, p

csse minute or obsolete . . . « +.

l. S. hirsutus, Labill Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 81, t. 230, 231. ee

stout, creeping in the sand, , forming large tufts. Leaves often

R. long with involute margins, clothed as well as the whole plant with

ri or woolly hairs. Mile plant: Spikes sessile or eduneulate, few

or many in a terminal head or umbel and often a cluster of 2 or 3

Spikes or a single spike lower jm on the stem, each spike 1 to 14 in.

3. S. paradozus.

504 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Spinifez.

long, the rhachis produced into a point usually € the penc

and sometimes very long. Braets under the spikes or pedune

lanceolate, acuminate, concave. Spikelets sessile in the spike or

scarcely pedicellate, 5 to 6 lines long. Glumes membranous, hairy,

the empty ones 5- or 7-nerved, usually as long as or longer than the

bract, the spikelet 6 to 7 lines ae acute or acuminate. lumes all

nearly similar, with 7 or more nerves, the 2 o ones rather

the largest with more nerves than the others. A palea and some-

times 3 stamens in the axil of the 3rd, and an ovary he 3 stam mig

or xem in the terminal one.— Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 62; Hook.

. 106; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 138; $. sericeus, R. Br.

Prod. 198.

Abundant on d sandy sea shores of item apto from Rockingham Bay dece

ward (Broad Soun dex MM on), E den les, Victoria, Tasmania, cu nil

tralia to the sath coast of W. A wash (King George's Sound, £. Bror

others). Also aN and Now Caledoni

S. alterniflorus, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 96, from the character given, would ert

to S. Paire " i Sairi mens I have seen from Swan River, Preiss, ga

belong rath ongifolius. Both species are in n Wet Australia, but, a8 ny

have seen, a itil Ls e Mh down the west coast to Swan River,

hirsutus only on the south c

. S. longifolius, R. Br. Prod. 198.—Closely resem ables C. t

tus aye quite glabrous except the long cilia of the ligula and ape d tan

a iw on the margins of the leaf-sheaths. Leaves narrow, T s of

riety only. x

kien Noir than in S. hirsutus. "Spikelets seareely 5 Pence

plea or — É the 3rd xe in the SUR examined. e x

ds of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Careening DT

Ban die whole coas rs us Poem dme ot Crp Island, Flood ; Nichol Bay, y Wal

Port oot pire Schultz, n. 199, 20 Swan River,

A y, Milne ; Murchison River, Oldfield ;

Peder Preiss, n. 1833, Oldjueta, and possibly King George’s s Sound.

us,

_8. S. paradoxus, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1243, 1244 —

divarieately branched, rigid and brittle but not so stout as the pre s with

In 1

Spinifex.} CXLIV. GRAMINER. . 905

long, the outer ones nearly sessile, the inner ones pedicellate and some-

times 2 on a pedicel, the pedicel or axis produced into a point shorter

"Y 3 stamens. Female plant: Heads the size of the males when in

ower, but the bracts larger and broader, and when in fruit the bracts

variously enlarged, 1 or 2 often becoming curv ore,

ed, 1 in.

road with hard centres and scarious margins, sometimes all scarcely

changed. Spikelets almost sessile within each bract, the very sho

smooth and shining. Styles distinct.—Meurachne paradoxa, R. Br.

m App. Sturt Exped. 26 ; Panicum pseudoneurachne, F. Muell. Fragm.

vin. 199,

N.S. Wales. Murray and Darling Rivers, Beckler, Dallachy.

stralia. Between Stokes Range and Cooper's Creek, Howitt ; near

Lake Eyre, Andrews ; Alice Springs, Giles.

The male plant was unknown to R, Brown and unfortunately overlooked by F.

Mueller, which ts for the generic mispl t of the species.

TRIB Fertile spikelets with 1 terminal herma-

phrodite or female flower, with or without a male one below it, the

pedicel usually articulate immediately under the outer glume. Glumes

4 or d the largest, enclosing

nclosing a male flower, the up or flow

hyaline, sometimes entire and awnles often notehed or 2-lobed and

nn awn twisted below the bend, sometimes reduced to a

long awn without any basal dilatation.

Very minute, rarely quite deficient. Stamens 3 or

usually small and hyaline or deficient. Styles free or united at the

base, with feathery stigmas.

The very thin hyaline and small upper glumes readily distinguish the Andropo-

gonew from the Panicew, except in the subtribe of Tristeginez where their texture is

firmer, but the bent and twisted those of Andropogones and never occur in

Panicez,

SupTRIBE I. Zoystex.—Spikelets solitary or rarely in clusters of 2

or 3, inserted all round the inarticulate rhachis of a simple spike or

raceme. Awns none on the flowering glume, none or straight on the

Outer ones.

506 CXLIV. GRAMINER.

14. ZOYSIA, Willd.

Spikelets 1-flowered, not awned, nearly sessile in a close spike, not

distichous, the rhachis continuous. ape 2, the outer one bro

complicate, keeled, the inner fi h smaller, thin and

hyaline. Palea still smaller. Styles Sekine. Grain free, enclosed in

the somewhat hardened outer glume

Besides the Australian species, which is common in maritime sands of tropical and

mn Asia and New Zealand, there appear to be one or two natives of Japan or

Spike terminal, 1 to 14 in. lon ce erect, act appressed in

the notches of the rhachis, 12 to 2 lines long. Outer glume rather

acute, broad, smooth and shining, the sides views ili Flowering

pai completely enclosed, usually much smaller thin and hyaline, but

metimes more than half the outer one and rather more rigid.—h.

Br. Prod. 208 ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 116; Benth. Fl. Hongk. 418,

with the synonyms adduced ; Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 52.

Queensland. Port €— T Moreton — ug

N. S. Wales. Port Jac ; bes near + Redbank, Woolls.

se re . Sandy coasts of Raster Gipps’ land! T. M r

E rtainly the same as dd a vu ant I had referred to Z. nd

the Z. ww Hance in Seem, Journ. Bot. 1 1869, jen also from Hong Kong, Ln n

to be a distinct species and should S eread include the Japanese Z. macrostachy%

Franch, and Sabat. Enum, Pl. Jap. ii, 187.

15. LAPPAGO, Schreb.

(Tragus, Desf.)

ith short

enclosed palea thin and hyaline. Styles distinct, slender

Beide the Australian species which is a common weed in most tropical a AT

te regions in the New and the Old World, there are one or two others very 609

Allied toit. The systematic position of the genus may require further der

but its affinities appear to be ra: rather with Andropogone than with any other tri

1. L. racemosa, Willd.; Kunth, Enum. i. 170, Revis. Gram. y

Lappago.] CXLIV. GRAMINEJX. 507

120.—An annual spreading on the ground or ascending to from 6 in. to

1 ft. in height, usually glabrous, except a few rigid ci ilia bordering the

leaves, Leaves flat, with loose sheaths, the ligula small, split into cilia.

Spikelike panicle or raceme 2 to 4 in. long, cylindrical and narrow, the

renaning enclosed within them.—F, . Fragm. viii. 107 ; Reichb.

" t. 80; jen racemosus, Des? Doll. in Mart. Fl. Bras.

li. oo h.t 18.

poveri. Sturt’s Creek, F. Mue

Que eensland. Rockhampton and eas districts, Bowman, O' Shanesy and

others ; Warwick, uo Depot Camp, -— ell.

" w England, C. Stuart ; Maneroo, Woolls; from the Darling

o Cooper's 8 quen Vi isle ian Expedition and € ous other collectors.

Vic immera, Herb. F.

a. . Mue

igna ia. In the interior, io JH Doucil Stewart.

everal tropical specimens there is a third or even a fourth M on each

AU olde but I have never seen more than two in the Australian on

16. NEURACHNE, R. Br.

Spikelets with 1 terminal hermaphrodite flower, and very rarely a

second male one below it, sessile along the con ntinuous rhachis of a

simple ovoid or cylindrical spike. Glumes 4, the 2nd the largest,

with a small palea in its axil. ide iting g

hyaline, the palea also very thin, as long as or longer than the glume.

uro distinet. Grain enclosed in nthe thin palea and glume, free from

R genus is limited to €

Spike ovoid or oblong, $ to 1 in. long. Outer glume ó- l

. or 7-nerved, with lo iis sprea hairs on the back . 1. N. alopecuroides.

ding

Spike narrow, 1 ‘to 2 in. long. Outer glume with a trans-

verse callosity on the back eri long cilia, and

below it an ovate eid thin space bordered by a

, thickéne ari ga 2. N. Mitchelliana.

Spike narrow, 1 to long. Outer glume thin, glabrous :

or bordered ^ bra few cilia 3. N. Munroi.

1. N. alopecuroides, R. Br. Prod. 196.—Stems erect, 1 to 1$

t. bigh, with the nodes usually hairy, otherwise glabro ves

Mii r ^s at the base of the spike barren and

ciliate glumes, but more persistent k aid forming an niii aar de

508 OXLIV. GRAMINEX. [Veurachne.

ofthe spike. Each spikelet about 3 lines long, with a tuft of hairs at is

base. Outer glume rather sh 5- or 7-nerved, tapering to a nne

Victoria. Glenelg River, Robertson ; Grampians, F, Mueller, Sullivan ; Wimmera,

Dallachy.

S. Australia. Lofty Range and Bethanie, F. Mueller, _ Br. ts

Au ia. King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, Menzie j

R. Brown and others; Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll, Preiss, n. 1840 ; Vasse an

Tone Rivers, Oldfield.

nerved and not ciliate, either empty or enclosing a sma m

Fruiting glume and palea thin and almost hyaline.—F. Muell. Frag

viii. 200; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1940.

: d ition

N. S. Wales. Bogan River, Mitchell; Darling Desert, Victorian Expedit

and others.

SIN Munroi, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 200.—Habit of N. M

Stems trom a more or less woolly knotty base under 1 ft. high. Leav

E .

pubescent. Spikelets 2} to 3 lines long, with a tuft of hairs at wipe

Outer glume nearly as long as the spikelet, thin, glabrou

N. S. Wales. Darling Desert, Beckler,

CXLIV. GRAMINER. 509

17. PEROTIS, Ait.

Spikelets 1-flowered, sessile or shortly pedicellate s the con-

tinuous rhachis of a loose simple spike or raceme. mes 3, 2 outer

hyaline, the palea still smaller. Styles very shortly united at the base,

the plu umose d short. rain eee bro longer than the

The g Edi over tropical and sub-tropical Asia ae Africa, the Soie

species, re'as allied to the omamo Asiatic and African one, appears to be repre

sented in the Malayan Archipelago.

. P. . Br. Prod. 172.—Stems from a decumbent or

Waieling udin slender, ascending to 1 ft. or fadi more. Leaves

linea ar, with subulate points, glabrous except a few marginal cilia

a rific t ike or

—

——

"^^

[c]

. ©

e nen almost sessile, in a on Freie và of 1 to above 5 line long,

3 li

long Wibont the fine Vis are 3 t Outer glume

with a prominent keel, sometimes glabrous, in a liv speeimens eiliate

with rather long hairs, 2n me similar but rather shorter and

harrower.—F, p e Fragm. viii.

alia. n Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver ; in the interior of

Amon 8 Land, at Donati Stuart. i

eensland, Curtis and Cape Upstart, ie age E Port Denison,

Fi alan s DE pie i numerous stations in South Queensland, Bowman,

Soma nesy and many others; Balonne River, Mitchell ; ps "Cooper s s Creek,

h generally very different from the common tropical species of Perotis

gu arid Ait. with broader leaves and much shorter "ria there certainly

o be connecting forms, especially that simi the Islands which

Tiri described: as Xystidium maritimum, and which has been ae a slight

arl of P.

ge II. R S in pairs or rarely

itary, in alternate notches of the fired are of a simple spike,

one uim fertile and more or less embedded ina cavity of the rhachis,

the other pedicellate and barren or rarely fertile.

This sub rs from the spicate Euandropogoneze in the total absence of ~

rye and in the cain more deeply tgp for the "ge n of Reams dy oris

ew species of Jschemum are however s it were

Sübtribes.

18. qm cre Willd.

Spike lets in pairs, in e alternate notches of the T—

of a a simple spike, 1 die with 1 hermaphrodite flower, the Sdn

510 CXLIY. GRAMINEX. [ Elionurus.

The genus is spread over tropical and subtropical America and Africa, extending

sparingly into Western Asia. The only Australian species is endemic.

Queensland, Northumberland Islands, R. Brown ; * Native Wells,” Arif.

19. HEMARTHRIA, R. Br.

and the palea in the 4th thin and hyaline. Styles distinct. Grain

enclosed in the glumes but free from them.

A small genus of closely allied species, widely spread over the warmer regions of

the globe especially on the Pi dimi of Old World, the Australian

species very closely allied to, if not identical with, a common Asiatic and Mediter-

. 1. H, compressa, R. Br. Prod. 207.—Stems decumbent or creep-

ing at the base, rather rigid, ascending to 1 ft. or rather more, slightly

branched. Leaves narrow, glabrous or the lower ones sprinkled with à

Hemarthria, | CXLIV. GRAMINEZ. 511

ed hooked at the extremity, or in southern Xon espe-

cially towards the end of the spike, terminating in ather long

dsl aha hook. In the pedicellate spikelet the mois of the outer

glume is often longer finer and straight, but occasionally that also is

hooked and more rarely the 2ud glume ends in a small hook.—47.

oed = Br. l. c., Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 107; Brongn. in Duperr.

Voy. Bot. t. 15.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey Yi on

0 Bianesy ; ; Dawson River, F. Mueller ; = in Leichhardt s collec

Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls and presi "Sieber, n, 88;

Hastings and Clarence Rivers, Beckier, rni;

Victoria. Yarra, Ovens and Upper nee Rivers, Dandenong Ranges and

gi other localities, F. Mueller Pe othe

mania. rin oe nt River, R. Brown ; ^ Motkbeka Coasts of the Island, Gunn ;

South. dos C. Stu

eared PAER and near Adelaide, F. Muelle

wW. rem ommon abont Swan River an = King "George's Sound, Fraser,

A, emen Drummond, n. 152, 385, and othe:

The hook at the end of the glumes, apon which beet pr cc pd his. = at

from the H. compressa, is exceedingly variable. In the ns gen

very near to, if it be not identical with, the south Mediterranean H.

fasciculata, Kunth.

20. MANISURIS, Swartz.

Spikelets in dmt in the 1-sided notches of en artieulate háchis ofa

simple spike, 1 sessile and half embedded in a cavity on the rhachis

y .

concave, thin but rigid, 8rd and 4th small thin and hyaline. Palea

none (or very minute ?). “ae distinct. Grain enclosed in the hard

outer glumes, free from them

The genus is now generally reduced to the single species, widely spread over the

Warmer regions of the New and the Old World.

1. M. granularis, Sw.; Kunth, Enum. i. 469.—A branching leafy

annual of 1 f more, s sprinkled or villous with spreading hn» , tho

on the separate pataas as ves as or longer than the e ob the

Ne pin forming an irregular leafy panicle. Spikes mostly

about lin. long. Spikelets se scarcely more than line diameter, the

Prominent grain-like hard and pitted outer glumes alone conspicuous,

512 CXLIV. GRAMINE, [ Manisuris.

and appearing in a single row on one side of the rhachis, — Beauv.

Agrost. t. 21, f. 10.

N. Australia. Depot and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller,

21. OPHIURUS, Br.

Spikelets singly sessile and embedded in the d cavities of the

articulate rhachis of a simple spike, with 1 herma rodite or female

i i n

pales thin and hyaline, all awnless. Styles distinct. Grain enclosed

in the glumes but free from them

A small exem pane and African genus, the, only Australian species Send

Dedi into East India. The genus only differs from Rəttbsellia in the want o

cellate barren kius.

1. O. corymbosus, Garin. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 464.—5tems i

rms lm said to attain 5 or 6 ft. in iere Upper vies Sida T 3

female?) flower. dise ode corymbosa, Linn.; Roxb. Corom. PI. t.

N. Australia. Upper hans and Albert — n Mueller. :

sland. Endeavour River, Banks and Sola ; Kennedy Dis

tree ; Rockhampton, Q Shanesy, Thozet ; Herbert's rock, tee man.

Widely spread over East India, also in tropical Africa.

rict, Dain-

Var? pubescens. A single small specimen, with an apparently annu ual root,

Hooker's Creek, F, Muel i. pedcs very pubescent. Spikes like the ape ones

but — de outer glume still more pitted and tuberculate. Perhaps

22. ROTTBOELLIA, Linn. f. BAM

rhachis

nears be m 1 sessile and embedded in a cavity of the rhachis,

rodit i

zm on a closely Gg n ps but oe ag with a male >

Rottboellia.} CXLIV. GRAMINER. 513

hyaline, all gg Styles distinet. Grain enclosed in the glumes

but free from the

The genus i ga over tata Asia and Africa with at least one American

species. Of the four Pus tralian ones, two have a wide range in tropical Asia, the

other two are endem

er agat ag originally founded du the Yonmges, Jaye on five species

arated into as n's proposal to restrict

M he name yá rh R. Geman and allied t aadel ty since added has.now been generally

dopte

Stems vids branched, with single spikes of 2 to 3 i

rticl

the articles of the spike densely ciliate at the t

Seesile "spikelet l-flowered, the outer glue silky

villous . 1. R. formosa.

Stems usually bran Y Bodaus solitary i in the ‘upper

sheaths, with a spike of 3 to 6 in., quite glabrous.

Sessile ipit above 2 lines long, hovered (010,25 GE rakata.

Stems bran ch ed. Peduncles clustered in the upper sheaths,

e spikes slender, 3 i

spikelet under 2 lines long, 1-flower

Outer glume of the sessile spikelet tuberculate at the cn

nerves scarce ee winged at the top. Pedicella :

Spikelet ba . R. muricata.

Outer g glume of the sessile spikelet ‘smooth, the 2 nerves

tinctl ged at the . Pedicellate spikelet im

often tur e : " UE top e eus P . 4. R. ophiuroides.

L R, » R: Pr.- Prod. 20 200— Apparent annual, Stems

scarcely erer above 1 ft. long. Leaves arrow, more or less hir-

sute with spre eadi ng hairs. | Peduncles solitary i pper axils,

article crowned by a ring of dense, often purplish hairs. Oute

iilis of the fertile spikelet broad one d and obtuse, but densely

t the prb "minute or deficient. Barren

Spikelets sessile, of a single ovate or lanceolate 3- or ae

glabrous glume, with ‘Sometimes a secon nd smaller one in its

Kunth, Revis. Gram. i. t. 91.

N. Australia, Islands of the North Coast, R. Brown ; le Creek, Upper

Victoria River, F. Mueller ; North Coast of Arnhem's Land, M Kinl

6to 10 i perum longand shoe iie seabrous, the. hs more or

less hispid sre solitary in the upper sheaths. Spikes often

above 6 in long cylindrical, 2 lines diameter when old u

slightly convex, den 2 lines long, coriaceous and smooth but scum

many nerves more visible pret than out; 2nd glume acute, deeply

VOL. vir, 2r

514 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Rottboellia.

immersed, 3rd and 4th thin and almost hyaline, both with perfect paleas,

the 3rd with a male the 4th with a hermaphrodite flower. ieellate

spikelets much flatter, rather smaller, with 2 male flowers or only a

palea in the 3rd glume.—Kunth, Enum. i. 466, R. Br. Prod. 206 ; Roxb.

Corom. Pl. t. 157.

N. Australia. Islands of the North Coast, R. Brown.

Very common in tropical Asia.

very brittle, clustered in the upper axils on very unequal pue

peduncles, with a close sheathing bract at the base of each. Sp in

about 2 lines long ; outer glume of the sessile spikelet closely iioc :

es.— kt.

glandulosa, Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6, ii. 250; Calorhachis

muricata, Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. Bot. 65, t. 1

Queensland. Etheridge River, Herb. F. Mueller.

Also in the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago.

4. R

s Me in into

long, often + in. broad, the upper ones with long hpr gu ds d

emum.—Ischemum rottboellioides, R. Br. Prod. 205; Andr ae

Syn. Glum. i. 382; F. Muell. Fragm. v!

(excl. syn. Retz and Brongn.). : us

R. Brown; Victoria and Fitzmaur'

, n. 198.

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Broad Sound, Bowman.

Supreipe IIL Mayanex.—Spikelets unisexual, the males ks cue

paniculate, the females spicate at the base of the eo. 0 M

ra : / ;

N. Australia. Gulf of Carpentaria,

Rivers, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz

Queensland.

to the genus. e

This subtribe is to the Andr hat Spinifer and Tasar von

to the Panico and includes MN. siker nan- Australian geram. the ere

Coiz a.

CXLIV, GRAMINEX. 515

23. CHIONACHNE, R. Br.

duncles bearing a sheathing bract under the spike. ale spikelets in

airs. Outer glume the largest; membranous and many-nerved,

` Smooth outer glume but free from it, the rhachis of the spike at length

articulate between each female spikelet..

. Asmall genus, extending over tropical Asia. Of the two Australian species one

18acommon Indian one, the other apparently endemic though closely allied to one

from the Indian Peninsula.

Peduncles several in the upper leaf-sheaths. Bracts

spreading under the spike. Spike 1 in. or rather

longer, with only 1 female spikelet . . . - - - +- l C barbata.

Peduncles solitary in the leaf-sheaths, the bract closely

embracing the base of the spike. Spike 3 to 4 in. long,

to 6 female spikelets . . . - +++ ++ 2G cyathopoda.

L C. barbata, R. Br. in Benn. Pi. Jav. Rar. 18. — An erect -

stout branching grass, attaining several feet, but said to be annual.

Leaves flat, broad or narrow, very scabrous, the sheaths usually

Sprinkled with rigid spreading hairs. Nodes glabrous or bearded.

[e]

about 1 ‘in. long, at first close and sheathing but at length opening

out, Spike scarcely exceeding the braet. Fe

n the base, ovoid-oblong, nearly 4 lines |

ja to 5 lines long, narrow, rather acute. I

te above and below the female spikelets, the peduncle dilated

I cup-shaped under it.—Coiz barbata, Roxb. Hart. Beng. 66 and

l. Ind. iii. 569.

aed. Burdekin River, Bowman ; Cardwell District, Bailey (Herb. F-

».

widely Spread over East India and originally described as Coir arundinacea,

nl. Spec. , Pl. iv. 203, but that specific name having been preoccupied by

k, wn and Bennett in sferring it to Chionachne took up Rox s

wes € 0f barbata entered into the Hortus Benghalensis (1814) as we

baria, though described only in the Flora Indica. T

516 CXLIV. GRAMINEEX. [ Chionachne.

Ceyl. Pl. 387, substituted Ue Es ge I name Kénigii, published as Cois

Kiwi, Spreng. Syst. i. addition however to the synonymy seems

scarcely to be justified by ta s eni daía

The Australian specimens are imperfect but quite sufficient to establish the identity

with the Indian ones, which have helped to make out the above character. They

were included by F. Mueller in his Selobachne medians

C. cyathopoda, F. Muell.—An erect grass of several feet, less

i5 than C. barbata. Leaves long and flat, scabrous on the upper

embracing the rhachis as in C. barbata, the female part of the spike

usually included in the leaf-sheath even when ripe. Male spikelets

acuminate.—Sclerachne dbatlopodta, F. Muell. Hk pi viii. 116,

. Australia. Upper Victoria River, Hooker and Sturt's Creeks, F. Mueller;

Gut. of f Carpentaria, Landsborough

ne River, Bailey; Dawson and — Rivers, Leichhardt ;

Rock sige t aeg AMO], ’ Bowman, Thozet, O' Shanes

oboe nce this species comes near to "dre en fem Indian one name ed

nro

"m.

inct. It

»-

Led

; s

* (c

[en

“oe

SẸ

GES

2 948

BRE

ELE

tot

EER

sheath t the specim

material Poe [ueller included among them those o :

barbata. The gen 8 Sehler pred to which he refers both ected = established wa

scarce Japanese pla ë nt, o nly known from Horsfield’s specimens differing m d

form assumed by the fruiting lume, as at as in the relative Acre and positio

of the male and female spikelets

y the

dk 18

21. HETEROPOGON, Pers.

Spikelets 1-flowered, monecious, in pairs in the notches of pe

articulate rhachis of Aa simple l-sided spike, the females d

cylindrical, turned to side of the spike, the males lanceolate, os

less, es shortly pedi. imbricate on the otber side of the sP! d

Glumes in the female spikelet 4, the outer one hard convolute, the 2u

Heteropogon.] CXLIV: GRAMINE. 517

keeled, the 3rd very thin and hyaline, A or terminal glume a hard

twisted and bent awn, attenuate and flexuose or narrow and hyaline at

the base as in Androp pogon. Palens very s bei thin « or none. Styles

disti nct. Grain enclosed in the hardened nv but free from them.

A genus of several species, chiefly tropical, in the New as well as the Old World.

ys e uh stralian species extend into tropical Asia, and one over the general area

e en 2 in. long; male spikelets 3 to 4 lines . . . 1. H. contortus.

Spikes 3 to 6 in. long; male spikelets }in 005 « 2 H, insignis.

l. H. quium Roem. et Schult. Syst. ii. 8386.—Stems ascending

or erect, 1 to 2 ft. hi he Leaves narrow, ciliate with a few long hairs,

the sheaths flattened. Spikes peduneulate, 1 to 2 in. long without the

awns, Male or barren i bote 3 to 4 lines long, green, ciliate, elosely

imbrieate in 2 rows along one side of the ses almost concealing the

females, Female spikelets narrow, the outer glume

convolute, the 2nd -o with a hard centre, the hairs surrounding

the s spikelet brown and silky. Awn pa often to 2 in. ang very

much twisted.—An ndropogon - ege inn. ; h, Enum. i.

Br. Prod. 201; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 120; Heleropogon hirtus,

Pers, Syn. ii. 533; Andy aie striatus, R. Br. Prod. 2

N. Australia. Islands of the North Coast, R. Brown ; Victoria River, Elsey ;

oi ge al River, M’ Douall Stuart ; Port Darwin, cee n. 10, 146, 151; Sweers

Que nsland, Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ;

North-east Coast, A. Cunningham ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; rea Bay, F.

uw Bailey, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton, O ‘Shane ; Springsure, Wut

es. Hastings and Clarence Rivers, Bailey.

(ite over tropical and A tropical Asia, Africa and America.

dropogon tenuis, R. Br. d. 201, from Keppel Bay, appears to be only a smaller

slender more glabrous Vends pa státe of H. contortus.

2. H. ins » Thw. Enum. Ceyl. Pl. 437.—A much more robust

plant than M. con 8, vp to attain from 8 to 10 ft. Leaves

dee pedicel Outer glume p

With a furrow on each side. n 8, 4 or even 5 in. gesta re

Ten. k Br. Prod. 201; F. Muell Fragm. viii. 1

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Arnhem ’s Land,

MKinlay ; Port Ü Des Somit n. "0; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Bountiful

Island, Henne. i "n

Queen East iuh R. Brown; Lord Howick's group, F. Mueller; Rock-

ingham mse posia Rockhampton, Bowman, Thozet, O Shanesy.

Also in Timor and Ceylon

518 CXLIV; GRAMINER.

25. ISCHZEMUM,, Linn.

(Spodiopogon, Trin. Meoschium, Beauv. Hologamium, Nees.)

Spikelets in pairs in the alternate notches of the articulate flexuose

rhachis of simple — 1 sessile with 1 hermaphrodite terminal flower

and a male one below it, the prim pases and either similar Of

with only one hermaphrodite or one or two male flowers or reduced to

empty glumes, the spikes either solitary or D or more, e, sessile or n nearly

dropogon. e all a

istinct. Grain enclosed in the glumes but free from them.

is chiefly Asiatic with a few tropical African and American oer

Ẹ: Mueller ‘follows pti in qu it ume Andropogon, whilst others divide i

al many genera as there are spec

Sessile spikelet 2-flowered, awnless. Pedicellate spikelet

1-flowered, awned. Outer pong membranous. Spikes 2. 8

1. I. truncatiglumw.

— both 2- flowered anda awned. Outer glume e rigid.

rarely 4, es often appressed so as to

M liko 1 ‘cylindrical sp :

Nodes glabrous. Stem tall is ^ 2. I. arundinaceum.

Nodes bearded, Stems 2 to 3 ft. bigh. "Awn 'exsertod.

Spikes 3 to 4 in., spikelets 4 to 5 lines long

Spikes 1} to 3 in., spikelets about : — long

Nodes bearded. Stems creeping r diffuse, shortly

I. triticeum.

I. australe.

ascen

Glabrous. Rhachis of we spike not ciliate. Outer

glume winged at the top. Awn concealed in the g

Spikelet . 5. I. muticum.

Leaves hairy. _Rhachis of the spike ciliate, ‘Outer

glume wrinkled o shortly :

exse 6. I. ciliare,

ee Tage go 2-flowered, awned. _Pedicellate spikelot

or By Sega any flow

Spikes 2. Habit of L phe . 7. I. decumbens.

pike solitary. P edicellate- spiele without flowers.

Spike slender. Sessile spikelets flat, closely ap-

pressed, pectinate e e i IAk No

awn . . LI

— rigid. Articles of the rhachis and pedicels

on , convex, smooth and shining resembling :

le spikelets 9. I. fragile,

"io solitary, Pedicellate spikelets lanceolate, flat-

tened, with 2 male fl

8. I. pectinatum.

. 10. I. laxum.

. I. truncatiglumis, F. Muell. Herb.—A glabrous erect g rass 0

about 2 ft. or rather more, feed E d. Spikes 3 to 5

ane odes no d

sessile and clustered at the end of a long peduncle, 1j to 2j in-

Ischemum.) CXLIV. GRAMINE E. 519

lets scarcely 2 lines long, the sessile one 2-flowered ; oilter not

similar, vn a palea and mee flower, 4th glume under the

hermaphrodite flower narrow, very t and hyaline but y

smaller, entire and unawned. Pelicallate Taiko much narrower ;

outer glume 3-nerved, doti with a few dorsal hairs, - — thin

and very narrow, 3rd very thin s hyaline, empty, 4th under au

apparently female flower reduced to the twisted awn of the genus,

aded xd and nud at the base.

Arnhem F. Mueller. The aspect of the species is nearly

that ott ilia OR genus pedir but the characters rather those of Zschemuin.

ligula short. Spikes 2 to 4 in. m 2 nua as in J. australe ' and

Ie: be inimi the Fa but the spikelets VE mostly about

s long.

x, ciet Roper River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 30, 182, 815,

and the three following species, united inte one by F. Mu

ell. Fragm.

121, i very nA. allied to Me other, ‘but, as far as our specimens go, appear E

be constantly distin

^ e triticeum, R. Br. Prod. 205.— Very near I. muticum but

a coarse plant, ascending to 2 or 3 ft. Leaves mostly long and broad,

contracted at the base or ave epic glabrous or the lower sheaths

hai gether, 3 to 4 in. lon Spikelets 4 to 5 lines long,

and sometimes i in. long. Pedice lite, spikelet nearly similar, but as

in I. muticum rather narrower, the win

awn often shorter. — Andropogon triiciformis, ee

i. 376.

d. K l and Shoalwater pu and Bread. Sound, R. I

Endeavo ur Riv ver, 4. "Cunningham ; ; Cape York and Port Curtis, M imme:

Moreton Bay, F. Mue

N. S. Wales. ea River, Wileoz.

4. I. australe, R. Br. Prod. 205 205.—Stems from a hei decumbent

or creeping rhizome ul 2 to 3 ft. high, but n ok Hoi oles

rather narrow, glabrous or slightly hairy in the typical form, con

always bearded, the upper sheaths very long. Spikes 2 toge

520 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [Ischemum.

long peduncle, sessile and erect, 11 to 3 in. long, the rhachis and

pedicels slightly ciliate. Spikelets "3 lines long or scarcely more;

otherwise the same as in J. triticeum. Awn of "is sessile spikelet $ to

z in. long, of the pedicellate spikelet shorter or — ed to a short

point. — Andropogon cryptatherus, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 376.

Near Sea Range, F. Mue

s tralia. :

Que and. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, C. Stuart ; also in

Biduils clon

N.S.

* Port Jackson, R. Brown; Macleay River, Beekl-r.

Var ee ore hairy and very scabro Rhachis and pedicels

of the Pee densely. ciliate with long chairs and the ees n da Y in. long.

I. villosum, R. Br. ; Andropog on villiferus, Steud. Syn. Glu . 376.—

North Coast, R. Br itk “Goold Island, M*Gillivray ; Mount Whooler, Thoset,

5. I. muticum, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 512.—Stems diffuse or

creeping at the nse. asc ending to rom 6 in. to above 1 ft., rather stout

and leafy to the inflorescence Leaves lanceolate, rather short, rete

cordate s ee Se io glabrous the upper one re uced t

but sessile erbe of elbedly appressed so as to appear like one thick

cylindrical spike of 1 to 2 in., the rhachis and thick pedicels e^

glabrous. Spikelets about 3 lines long. Outer glume of the sessile

one paleaceous, broad, obtuse acute or mucronate, several-nerved, the

2 lateral nerves winged towards the

and hyaline, entire and awnless or slightly notched with a minute av r

df ciega tention narrower eret containing à s herpspiepe im

Syn.

sila Roticglnis Bay, D d y.

Widely spread on the sea-coasts of tropical Asia and the South Pacific Islands.

giving the other a pedunculate appearance. Pedicels ciliate. YO"

spikelet 3 lines long, the outer glume Tanceolate iri pico f

the nerves more conspieuous and not so smooth as in the typic nd

‘ciliare and in Z. decumbens ; 2nd glume as ms but ye

1 t

> 1 8

h bed with a slender a Men

ne e Erie the patie. fares. ele ste rn ikee n

n o aw

N. s. Wales. Poe i United. States qut Bain

This is most probably a distinct species, but having seen only a singl e speci

[nd

Ischemum.] CXLIV: GRAMINEE.

T notes x ei ulia ab ma ma The ty ypi-

cilia 5 (Spodiopogon obliquivalvis, Ai in Pl. Meee 5; Andr apogon

operar sd oer n. Glum. i. 372,) is common in East Todi: besides the

pet ikes being sessile rants the same point, it has the outer glume shorter, broader ae

more coriaceous than in our plant, and the pedicellate spikelet is awned and 2-

flowered like the — one, n unfortunat ight in i

Arthraxon ciliare, , for Retz's Jschemum Jn s although Beauvois had

expressly pointed. out p e Fox difference of the t 1

I. decumbens, Benth —A weak decumbent plant with the

habit of I. ciliare, the stems ascending to about 1 ft. m the specimens

seen, the nodes bearded. Leaves rather short, chiefly at the base of

ut not so thin a species, bifid, with a fine awn often 4 in.

long. Pedicellate spikelet reduced to a single narrow empty E

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, », 126. F. Mueller, Fra

refers this t pus India an J, ear e, Retz, (Andr MA malacoph ullus, Sten) “which p;

resembles a t firs ight, but from which it is distinctly separated, i uction Z

ae poticllate sik the shape of the glumes, pi , prove as aA rend

spec

natum, Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6. 6.—

Stems 1 S une and leafy at the base, about 1 ft. high or tthe more.

r leaves narrow, flat, under 6 in. long, those on the stem few,

owe

reduced to long close sheaths with ve short erect amine. Spike

single, peduneulate above the last sheath, rather slender, straight or

slight] curved, usually about 2 in. but sometimes twice that length.

Sessile spikelets aei; gicdincd and imbricate on one side of ‘the

rhachis, much flat ned, 2 lines long or rather more. Outer pine

uced to a single few-nerved acuminate glume, — sp —

ls Pm pem Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 369; F. Muell Pages viii,

Queensland. Brisbane River, Monto Bay, C. Stuart, P pc Beckham pto

and neighbourhood, Bowman and o ; Darling Downs, L ; Mackenzie Ri

d other stations, Leichhardt.

Also in Ceylon and the Indian Peninsula.

522 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Jschemum,

I. fragile, R. Br. Prod. 205.—Stems slender, ascending or

erect, 1} to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, those on the stem with long

twice or three times as long as the spikelet. Pedicellate ne

smaller, reduced to two membranous glumes, the outer one broad an

rather obtuse, the inner narrow, tapering to a point.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.

10. I. laxum, R. Br. Prod. 205.—A rather slender grass of 2 i

ft., the Australian specimens quite glabrous. Leaves narrow, ote

à : ees

nervosus, Rottb.; Kunth, Enum. i. 507; Hologamium mervosum, N

in Edinb. N. Phil. Journ. xviii. 185. ,

" d 0

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; us ps 10;

the gulf, Landsborough ; Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz,

Arnhem’s Land, Jf Kinlay. a hood, Bow-

land. Peak Downs, Burkitt ; Rockhampton and neighbourho

man, Thozet, O' Shanesy ; also in Leichhardt’s collection.

The species extends over tropical Asia and Africa,

26. DIMERIA, R. Br.

* 1 y

Spikelets 1-flowered, almost sessile, inserted singly on me yag A

Dimeria.] CXLIV. GRAMINES. 523

Glumes 4, 2 outer empty ones regress m keeled, not awned, the 3rd

also empty but smaller, thin and | ; terminal glume thin and

transparent, entire or 2-lobed, with a yaris awn either terminal or in

t j

siiddesd i in the outer glume

A small qe? extending over tropical A tud the two Australian species one is

also in East India, the other appears to be e

p qoi 2 lines long, with a tuft of soapy at the

bas uter glumes rather thick. iy Pet s 3?) . 1, D. acinaciformis,

Spikelets aout 1 line long. without any or cate very

e tuft of ee Outer glumes thin. Stamens 2. 2. D. tenera.

1. D. acinaciformis, R. Br. Prod. 204.—A vy i a branch-

ing at the base, with filiform stems 6 in. to 1 ft. . Leaves few near

the ba ase, narrow, cr with a few long ers Spikes 2, flat, the

filiform flexuose rhachis 1 to 13 in. Fo i i

nearly 2 lines long, rc a prominent tuft of white hairs or cilia at their

ase. Outer glume rather thick, complicate, not bordered, the keel

minutely serrate-ciliolate ; 2nd glume rather longer, nearly as thick but

de = by a thin hyaline pasa the keel more prominent at the end.

Terminal flowering glume very narrow alte yaline, shortly 2-lobed,

distinctly keeled, the sel. produced into a iren re twisted and bent

awn of about i in. Stamens 3 (R. Brown), all fallen away from the

spikelets examined.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.

“IQ

pet?

Land

ün

£5

. t

—

[c]

2. D. tenera, Zrin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. = 6, ii. 225.—A slender

br. ia with filiform stems 6 in. to 1 t. high, erect or weak

and decumbent. Hte ves narrow, ciliate, the aheaths sprinkled with

long spreading hairs, the ligula eee cei Spikes 2, filitorm, 1 to

13 in, long. S ies iari 1 line long, very narrow, withosí any or

rarely an exceedingly m te tuft of hairs at y base. Glumes thinner

than in D. acinaci inen i e outer one usually sprinkled with a few

hairs and the 2nd shortly ciliate on the hyaline menm. the 3rd very

i i i ing glume rather

rminal.— 7. pacis F. Muell. Fragm. v

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 321.

Widely spread over East India, from the Peninsula to Nepaul and Mergui.

27. ARTHRAXON, Beauv.

(Batratherum, Nees.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, sessile in the alternate notches of the artic

rhachis of simple spikes, with a short pedicel in the same notch

alate

usually

524 CXLIV. GRAMINES. LArthrazon.

without anv spikelet, the i ha sessile or shortly pedunculate in a

simple terminal panicle. Glumes 4, the outer one the largest, mem-

branous, several-nerved, the ond inde acute, the 3rd smaller, hyaline,

all awnless, — or terminal glume shorter than the 2nd, hyaline but

keeled, with a dorsal awn arising from the base but nial and bent as

in Andropogon. Pilea very small and hyaline. Styles distinct. Grain

enclosed in the outer plumes da Der from them.—Stems usually weak

or slender with short broad le

The s is generally spread over satar Asia ees gie the only Australian

species denied s a slight variety of a common Indi

ciliare, Beauv. Agrostogr. 111, f. 11, f. 6, var. au ustrale.—

Stems slender: decumbent or creeping at the sale branching and ascend-

ing to about 1 ft. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, acute, 1 to l; im. long,

cordate at the base, the sheaths usually ciliate with long ha Spi

usually es or 4, shortly pedicellate, forming a little nents pe of

about 1 in., the rhachis and abortive pedicels glabrous. 5 ets few,

rarel abs 6 in. each branch o spike about 2 lines long. Oute

glume acute, with A Te ually | fein eek: more or less muricate

erves; keel of the glume ciliate towards the ; term nal or

praan quite from the eds fine and about twice as long as th

. New

xviii. 181 ; ; Andropogon Fiat Heyne i in Steud. "Syn. Glum. i. 382.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart.

— ees evidently belonging to a common — — oui Miser n y

prec agree with the Indian forms. They a named Hinr

Ba ^m sei subset, but never er published x: Prage unc "n MD thoug

. 98:

g Mu e . Fragm. -liare,

119, there are several which belong to a very different plant, the Ischamum A s 2

Retz, which, as above mentioned, Kunth had confounded with the Aréir

. Var. ? tenellus. A single specimen ana Tawomba, in Queensland, Bailey, mr

sisting of numerous adventitious sm m the base of an old one, with small pd

leaves and the panic iun Beno » single as of 1 to 5 spikelets, the nerves 9

outer glumes much muricate, the awn very short or obsolete. Perhaps an abno

‘state Lan a Vihdty, but the ha habit very peculiar.

28. Ba eatin Trin. not of Spreng.

icu-

the

spikes

sessile and clustered or fend clita ary at = end of the er

pedunele. fain 4 or 3, outer one the largest, membranous, gee

with a a truncate toothed or ciliate tip, 2nd usually thinner, keeled, ac

Pollinia. | CXLIV. GRAMINES. 525

or produced into a fine straight awn, 3rd thin and hyaline or deficient ;

terminal or 4th ume a twisted and bent awn, contracted and flexuose

or hyaline, dilated and 2.lobed at the base as in Andropogon. Palea

sericeus and its allies, but the pedicellate spikelets are all except some-

limes at the base of the spike fertile, which is never the case in

ogon,

The genus extends over tropical Asia and Africa, and of the five Australian species

only one appears to be endemic.

Third glume very small and hyaline or none. Awn con-

tracted at the base into a narrow flexuose stipes.

Spikes several, often numerous. Spikelets both pedicellate,

2nd glume with a fine straight awn. Awn of the

terminal glume long.

Annual. Spikes ibto2m.log ^. . .. .e. ke Fo EE,

Perennial. Spikes Jio b m lop 5... V Vs uS. ES diriiians

Spikes 2 or 3. Spikelet sessile; 2nd glume not awned.

1 wn of the terminal glume short and fine . . . . 3. P. fulva.

Third glume not much shorter than the 2nd, thin and hya-

line. Awn with a narrow hyaline 2-lobed dilatation

" ed e base, ip

1kes 3 to 4 in., spi TH s scarcely } in.

4 o » DY ener ^ T ed Ug Me r o. . 4. P. tristachya.

Spikes about 5 in., spikel arly 3 lines, awn 1 to 1

a e e p» potere cau oae ree ae Mackinlayi.

—

l. P. articulata, Zrin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6, iii.

Closely allied to 2. irritans, but smaller and more slender and appa-

rently annual, 6 in. to 1i ft. high. Leaves very narrow, flat or filiform.

Spikes u ually ], sometimes numerous, slender, 1} to 2 in. long,

i i in some species

iate uter glume obtuse, rather broad, faintly nerved, ciliate,

2nd glume rather narrow, obtuse but the keel pro oa

fine straight awn; 3rd glume deficient (or very mi wh or

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 146. :

Var. minor, Spikes 2 to 4, scarcely above 1 in. long.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

The species is also in the Malayan Archipelago.

2. P. irritans, Beath.—Stems 2 ft. high or more. Leaves usually

526 CXLIV. GRAMINEF. [Pollinia

long and narrow, glabrous as well as the nodes. Spikes several usually

EN erous, 83 to 5 in. long, in a terminal cluster with a very short

more or less impr at the end, the nerves faint except a more promis

nent one near each margin; 2nd glume narrow, the keel produced into

a fine tikishi awn, 3rd very small and hyaline. Awn or terminal

glume about 2 in. long, contracted at the base into a flexuose stipes

without any hyaline dilatation, twisted and ciliate in the lower half.

o palea.— accharum irritans, R. Br. Prod. 203; Erianthus irritans,

Kunth, Enum. i. 479; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 118.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Endeavour River ow i Bay,

A, Cu vesci Cape York, Daemel ; Botkin giaa Bay, Dallach

Var. ? my yriantha. Spikes about 20 in the cluster. Spikelets very numero 2

raa eor ye th shorter and finer awns, but not erai diferent from the typica

N. Australia. Arnhem's Land, M‘Kinlay.

times the sheaths hairy. Spikes 2 or sile and | near sides 5

a terminal cluster but not quite digitate, 12 z in. long, covere

with silky hairs of a rie brown. piKelete mostly about 2 a bes

dc I Midi of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Dampier's

aiiis A. Cunningham ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 466.

Que and. hoalvat R. Rrown; Eea Ae O' Shanesy, and various

Tooslities ie A South Quee nsland, Leichhardt dim —Ó Creek,

Pes S. W. Eu Plains, C. Moo y Dado. River to is

eilson.

r specimens wi d base of the awn rather ae easi icuous hyaline

and d bifid, but still very narro

W. Australia, M beris River, Oldfield.

This speaies at first sight much resembles the East Indian Erianthus Leine: Nees,

Som a oe Nees, or Erianthus Cumingii, betas Muell. and other

synonyms), but the outer ; lumes differently shaped e

much more developed. a ntm

Pollinia.] CXLIV. GRAMINE®. 527

4. P. tristachya, Thw, Enum. Ceyl. Pl. 368.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. high

orsometimes more, the nodes not bearded. Leaves narrow, often

narrower, scarcely ciliate, 3rd nearly as long, almost acute. Awnor .

terminal glume fine, scarcely à in. long, the hyaline base very narrow

with small narrow terminal lobes.—Lrianthus Roxburghii, F. Muell.

i T4.

Fragm. viii. 1

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

Common in East India, our specimens agreeing precisely with some from Ceylon

others from Khasya, etc.

5. P. Mackinlayi, F. Muell. Herb.—A pparently tall, but the lower

part of the plant not seen, the upper leaf erect, with a long sheath

slightly pubescent. Spikes 4 or 5, scarcely out of the sheath in the

Specimens seen, about 5 in.-long, the spikelets almost concealed under

s edicels. Spikelets

nearly 3 lines long, the sessile and pedicellate ones similar. Outer

glume membranous, scarcely nerved but thickened in the centre,

densely ciliate in the middle with long hairs but glabrous above them,

the 2nd narrower and thinner, the margins slightly ciliate, 3rd hyaline

but not much shorter. Awn or terminal glume 1 to 13 in. long, the

hyaline base with narrow acute lobes.—Erianthus villosus, F. Muell.

tee

Fragm. viii. 118.

N. Australia. North Coast of Arnhem's Land, M‘Kinlay.

The East Indian P. villosa, Munro, differs in the fewer less silky spikes, vm

smaller spikelets with the outer glume much more rigid and prominently nerve

ili d th

Without the dense dorsal cilia, and the awns much

29, ANDROPOGON, Linn.

(Gymnandropogon, Cymbopogon and Schizachyrium, Nees.)

Spikelets 1-flowered or empty, in pairs in t

the articulate rhachis of simple spikes, 1

in the fertile spikelet 4, the outer one the largest, awnless, wigs

nerved, but often 2 nerves near the margin much more prominent t! es

the others; 2nd glume keeled, rarely produced into a sho ru s

awn, 3rd much smaller, very thin and hyaline, always empty, 4th

528 “CXLIV: GRAMINEX. [ Andropogon.

lower part, bent back and very fine above the middle. Palea small and

hyaline ornone. Glumes of the barren spikelets 4 or fewer, the outer

one the Jargest and m any -nerved, the 2nd keeled, the 3rd and 4th

all ái ntes; Styles distinet.

Grain enclosed in the glumes but uec hem.—Grasses usually tal

A large des gambrig spread over the warmer regions of the globe, with a few

extratropical s both in the northern and southern hemispheres. Of the

and the Philippines, the remainder are chiefly if not entirely endemic. It 18 nd

xiii age heweved that when the Asiatic species come to be cee v cdretolly work :

up so ers may be found to be too closely connected with Australian ones if no

abudo identical.

w 1. Gymnandrop pogon.— Spikes 2, 3 or more, neste at the end of @

pirena eid sheathing bracts, very rarely reduced to a single spike.

Spikelets concealed or nearly so under copious long silky

Spikes about 3 in. Mikelot pc 3 lines long . . 1. A. erianthoides.

Spikes guts above pikelets scarcely 2 lines

Long; silky } hairs on the back E theouter glumesas well à

as on the rhachis and pedicels 2. A, sericeus.

Long silky hairs only or chiefly on the rhachis and

. 8. A. affinis.

penis marked with a pit on the back 4; i. peri

sepe silky dairy pe t the hairs not covering the 'spike-

- piles 3or4 ina soe cluster, Outer glumes obtuse or

iin 5. A. annulatus.

Spikes 4 to 8 in a close cluster. Outer glumes

acute Bi. pari iy . A. Ischen

Spikes numerous, là echt axis elongated ML E 4 A: pase

Reti brat ; h pedu ele within or above

a Meplliss bract, ogon. Spikes 2 together on each p

Spikes both sessile at the end of the peduncle. Awns

_Slender short and glabrous or S em ric

vnm een long, concealing the spikelets or nearly

Spikes erect, Awns prominent.

Leaves long and broad. Blame; il and

E RED Endo MM.

Leaves flat, narrow. Spikes “densely wool ea liga me ur

Leaves wholly subulate or very nar d 1 tipoti ring

oe long subulate points. Spikelets small . . 10. A. exaltatus.

3 at length spreading MEUM. none or

very fine an and scarcely projectin $ em «LAE d STG

Andropogon.) CXLIV- GRAMINER. 529

otfóhb Ql Qeon aia pga) 5 wyeGe di Srey

One spike affixed lower down than the other, slightly hairy. :

Las 1 to 3 in. long, hairy in the lower part. . . 14. A. lachnatherus,

Section ITI. Schizachyrium.—Peduncles axillary or terminal, bearing cach a

single spike above a narrow sheathing bract.

is a di ili mall oblique bract at oF

vt he ee ie ee ee E

Section I. Gymnanpropocon.—Spikes 2, 3 or more, joar

the end of an elongated peduncle without sheathing bracts, very rarety

reduced to a single spike.

: : : ilkv-hairy spikes approach

Among the following species those with densely silky-hairy sp! ^

Pollinia in habit, but the pedicellate spikelet is always barren and awnless, and mos

frequently without even a male flower.

l. A Lb gu g

grass of 2 or 3 ft., glabrous except the inflorescence, the sugli

bearded. Leaves rather narrow. Spikes usually 3 or 4, nearly wit

at the end of a peduncle without sheathing bracts, erect or scarcely

: ‘ tipes

length of the spikelet, contracted at the base into a flexuose stipes,

with secat d very slight hyaline dilatation. Pedicellate spikelet

reduced to 1 or 2 empty glumes. ;

Queensland. Peak Downs, F. Mueller ; Darling Downs, Leichhardt ; Spring-

Sure, Wuth.

N. S. Wales. Maneroo, Woolls.

2. A. sericeus, 2. Br. Prod. 201.—Stems erect, branching rt

base, usually rather slender and 1 to 2 ft. high, with — : "e

chiefly at the base, but sometimes twice that height with larger le ee

€ nodes bearded. Spikes in the typical form 2 or 3 or rarely t

. H > an

n and hyaline ; awn or terminal glume 4 to 1; in. long, without any

530 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [Andropogon.

xxv. 443; A. annulatus, F. Muell Fragm. viii. 193, but not of

Forsk.

Queensland. poppel Bay, R. Brown ; Cape inso aget el; Port Curtis sd pier

ray ; Moreton Y, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller and o s; Condam à As

ete; Leichhardt ; ua and other localities i in South, Queenslan

and o

N. rs ‘Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, ee ^

Padi ees England, C. Stuart; Macleay River, Beckler ; lines Wes ded

Moo d. "imas sie DNE en the Darling and the

frontier "Dallachs y and e

S. Australia. hoc y Creek. and. Crystal. Brook, - F, Mueller; Lake Eyre,

Andrews ; on irai d Giles.

. Aust ralia, Drummond, n. 986.

Also in New Caledonia and the Philippines,

ikes of 1}

Var. polystachyus. Usually a larger plant with 10 to 30 or even more spi

to 2 in., all close sely sessile in a term d nal head, the long silky hairs and structure of

the spikelets meaag as in the typi an form. i

N. Australia. Victoria River and po Creek, F. Mueller ; Albert River an

Sweers Island, gee ; Escape Cliffs, H

d. P

ens rt Denison, Fitzalan ; Burdekin River, Bowman ; Rockhampton,

O' Shanesy.

een e - R. (T t,

sland. K wel Me Br Own ; Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, C. Stu rh

Bail 4.

N. s Wales. Port J: nem tothe Blue Mountains, Wool

ustralia. l'raser's Range, DM the specimens apparently belonging

to this prs than to the ciun A, seri

4. A. pertusus Willd. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 498.—Stems rye

1 to 2 ft. high, the nodes glabrous, Leaves Pee at the base

of the sessile spikelet Spikelets fully 2 lines long, raiba E

the outer glume marked above the middle with a pi

assumes inside the , appearance of a projecting glan ^

about 3 merely 1 in, € S onsec spikelol usually containing

r. Prod

et;

Queensland. East dii E Brown ; Dawson River, F. Mueller ; ; Brisbane Rive

Az à, Rockhampton, Thozet, O'Shanesy.

S. Wales. Mudgee » Taylor

fed spread over tropical din,

Andropogon.] CXLIV. GRAMINEZX., 531

5. A, annulatus, Forsk.; Kunth, Enum. i. 498.—Stems from a

ane m ascending to abou t 2 ^ the ere glabrous or slightly

bearded. Leaves narrow, ually glaucous. Spikes 2 or 3, eoi

siio at the end of the Hte Pe without sheathing bracts, 13. to 2 in.

hyaline dilatation at the base. E HG sitet nearly simi-

r but awnless, and with a male flower or reduced to empty

Australia. Upper Victoria River, F. M

Chri Rockhampton, 0' Shanesy ; ; East queis Australia, F. Mueller.

Widely spread over neun Asia and Africa.

Var ? monostachya, F. Muell.—Spike single. Sessi Al ar gom rather longer ec

in the typical form, the outer eon with fewer nerve uch more ciliate wit

long hairs, — Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Nerkool Gies: pena

Var? humilis. A dwarf plant with 4 by, , "epus shorter than in the typical form.

—Charlotte Waters, Central Australia,

inn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 499.—An erect grass of

Several-n SM siue or slightly notched, 2nd glume

3rd lanceolate a yaline, but much more rou than

sericeus; awn or pics al glume 4 to ? in. long, without Mer hyaline

dilatation atthe base. Pedicellate spikelet with a male flower o

y A empty glumes, the 2nd thin one not much shorter than the outer

ne.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 122; Reiehb. Ic. Fl. Germ, t. 54.

Ww. Australia, Drummond ; Fraser's Range, Dempster.

t Common i ier southern Europe and temperate and subt tropical Asia. Thea

qustralian re ax are so pic lik coda ones as to suggest the possibility a

pel being intr oduced, The species ie cile Y ay Sa m its

hy Pb. acuteness of the nikeiet Some specimens from Murchison and der rer" Oldfield,

to agree in this respect, but the D uem is sometimes pitted and may

spend ety of 4. intermedius with a reduced inflorescence.

7. A. intermedius, R. Br. ae pee d

More, with the narrow leaves and general habit of 4. oe the

nodes varying with or without beards. Spikes en 1 En H n ong,

532 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Andropogon.

usually numerous, all shortly pedicellate in an oblong ct are

r4 i i

of in. without sheathing bracts, the common rhachis glabrous

with a dorsal pit as in A, pertusus. Awn small and €

Pedicellate spikelet more developed than in A. Ischemum, an

often enclosing a male flower.— A. inundatus, F. Muell. in Linnea,

xxv. 444.

N. Australia. Victoria River and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller. fi River,

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Brisbane ip w

Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey ; Rockhampton and numerous localities in

Queensland, Thozet, Bowman and others,

Mud

w. str u

referred. The species appears however to be generally spread over ustra de

mediate in some respects between .4. Ischemum and A. pertusum, it is

Section II. CyMporogon.—Spikes 2 together on each m nem

within or above a sheathing braet, forming usually a termina

panicle.

8. A, procerus, R. Br. Prod. 202.—Stems stout, erect, 3 ho

high or even more. Leaves long, the lower ones 4 to 5 in. broa

ng with a. Ü

hyaline base. Outer glume of the barren pedicellate spikelets many

nerved.

, : è " p. Mueller ;

N. Australia. Groote Island, R. Brown ; Upper Victoria River, +.

Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 60, 147, 150, 241, 262.

: ut the

This and the two following species are certainly very closely ail, Saa

differences chiefly in foli appear to be constant. 4. procerus is also d ,

its smaller spikelets, 4. lunatus for the denser wool of the spikes, à yx aeller,

from 4. bombycinus in their ikes and much longer awns. viser, Des

Fragm. viii, 124, unites them all, including 4. bombycinus, with the 4. lame,

of the Mediterranean region, a view in which I am unable to concur

9. A. exaltatus, R. Br, Prod, 202.— Stems erect, sometimes scarcely

Andropogon.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 533

1 ft. high in southern specimens, above 3 ft. in some of the hai a

ones. Leaves very narrow, all ending in long subulate points and in

times t

Scariou s usually glabrous anicle some

dense, sometimes long and interrupted. ikes 2 or very psy 3

together, 3 to n. long, erect, densely hairy, the common peduncles

ong. |

. Australia. Islands ofthe North Coast, R. Brown ; Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller

Dampier's Archipelago, 4. Cunningham, Walcot. :

Jaderi Torrens River, Crystal Brook, Flinders Range, F. Mueller ; Lake

Yi mdi m Drummond, n. 100 ; Murchison River, Oldfield ; Ningham country,

Monger,

Ae lanatus, R. Br. Prod. 202.—An erect grass of 2 v : m

or more, with the habit inflorescence and erect moe see í did ;

:but the leaves though narrow usually flat, and the - i T doi d

woolly-hairy almost as in A. bombycinus. Awns } to lin. long. ;

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Port Essington,

A n x "

‘Que sar Albany, F. M ueller 4 Rockingham Bay, Dallachy 2 Mount

Wheeler, Thozet. ;

scarcely exceeding

spikelets reduced

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Peak Downs, Burkitt ; Condamine

: à Po c v Wa ! ue

UN S Wee ems in the interior from the vent Deni ves —

to the we t boundary. A. Cunningham, Mitchell, Dallachy, Neilso s abo:

rsen Lynedoch Valley, Gawler Town, Murray River, F.

Central Australia, Giles,

934 CXLIV; GRAMINE. [Andropagon.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, 1st coll. and n. 985; Preiss, n. 1842;

Murchison River, Oldfield; Champion Bay, Walcot. i

The densely silky-woolly spreading spikes and very short awn, readily distinguish

this from the three preceding species.

12. A. schcenanthus, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 493, var. Mario

— Stems erect, not very stout, 2 to 5 ft. high. Leaves narrow, tat,

ed, the 2 le

very prominent towards the end ; 2nd glume thin, rigid, slightly

about twice as long as the spikelet. Pedicellate spikelet reduced

empty glumes, the outer one many-nerved.—A. Martin, ft

Queensland. Herbert’s Creek, Bowman ; Rockhampton, 0' Shanesy-

: ost

Widely spread over tropical Asia. The typical form of the papediei

common in India, with the awns very small or obsolete, has not yet bee

Australia,

13. A. refra d Bathing

about 2 ft., with the narrow leaves paniculate inflorescence and 8^ uii

bracts of A. schenanthus, and the spikes similarly 2 together : í

: soon

in. long on short bracteate peduncles, but much more divaricate, §

j g e h; : tly entire

with an awn slightly exceeding the spikelet, or more frequen y witha

or nearly so and awnless. Pedicellate spikelets neuter or rare i

male flower, the outer glume many-nerved.—Sieb. Agrostogr. n. 25

N. Australia. Port Essin m, Armstrong. ; 1

' | Queensland. Brisbane ram Moreton a, C. Stuart, Bailey ; hé

Bidwill ; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy ; Herbert's Creek, Bowman ; ware Stuart.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls ; New England, C.

| Mitta-Mitta, F, Mueller,

, 14. A. lachnatherus, Benth —Stems rather slender, erect, e

2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, glabrous or sprinkled with long 95

prece d within

slender butnot very long branches solitary or clustere us

Sheathing bracts or floral leaves. Peduucles exceeding

Andropogon.] CXLIV. GRAMINEE. 535

Sheathing bracts bearing each 2 spikes but not digitate, one attached

lower down than the other, each 1 to žin. long without the awns. Sessile

with rufous hairs. Pedicellate spikelets narrow, acute, 25 to 3 lines

long, usually containing a male flower, the outer glume many-nerved,

often produced into a fine point.—4. procerus, F. Muell. Fragm. viii.

124, not of R. Brown.

Queensland. Islands of Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Brisbane River, Bailey ;

Rockhampton, O’ Shanesy ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman. 3

N. S. Wales. Clarence River, Beckler. ,

Srerrow III. ScuizacuymgruM.—Peduneles axillary or terminal,

bearing each a single spike above a narrow sheathing bract.

exserted. Pedicellate spikelets reduced to a single narrow empty glume,

tapering into a fine awn, or sometimes in the terminal spikelets

acute only .

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander,

30. IMPERATA, Cyr.

Spikelets with 1 or rarely 2 flowers, usually in pairs one sessile the

other pedicellate along the slender continuous rhachis of the short

branches o i i

hyaline and awnless, 2 outer empty ones usually hairy, the 3rd empty

or rarely enclosin flower smaller and without hairs; termuna

flowering glume still smaller. Palea usually truncate and jagged at

he top. Stamens 2, or 1 only in species not Australian. Styles

tinct. Grain small, free, enclosed in the outer glumes.

536 i CXLIV. GRAMINEX. ` Hmperata.

esides the Australian species which is widely spread over the temperate and

tropical — reped of the Old World, the genus contains at least one other,

hiefly Ameri

. I. arundinacea, Cyr.; Kunth, Enum. i. 477,—A stiff erect

perennial 1 to 3 ft. high, glabrous. except sometimes a tuft of hairs at

the nodes, which however is not so common in Australian as in Indian

speci mens. Leaves erect, narrow, ee PRES than ve stem peat ena

stigmas and o M a anthers alan protruding. bred n to

near 2 lines long ; outer glume 5- or 7-nerved, the 2nd 3- or 5-nerved,

the 3rd usually empty. EY Br. Prod. 204; Host, Gram. Austr. iv. f.

40 ; yh Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 55.

N. alia, COGNOME d S. Wales, pied a and S. >

apparently indu common in all these colonies, being s aba large La

stations by numerous ud Gulf of Carpentaria, riri sland Coast, Por

parien: = Port Lincoln, R. Brown

a, R. Brown (Prod. ye but no Tasmanian specimen in his herbarium.

a. Murchison River, where it rarely flowers, Oldfield.

In the e majority of xcu a asis generally said of the species in Europe and Pus

the 3rd glume is empty, but in some from Macle eay River, Zeckler, I Man seen

3rd and 4th glumes nearly similar, each with a hermaphrodite flower in its axi

31, CHRYSOPOGON, Trin.

(Holcus, R. Br. partly.)

arren d at the end of the filiform aera iux or divided

m "

the flower slender, flexuose and stipes-like at the basi; or dilated n:

and 2 lobed, with a short or long awn terminal or from between the

lobes, twisted i in - a half and bent back above had middle as "

Andropogon. Pale mall or none. Styles dis Grain en

closed in the sind bui free from them. Pedicellate spikelets awnless,

with reduced glumes and usually 1 male flower.

he gem s extends over the tropical and temperate regions of the New a8 n

the Old World, Ofthe Tour Australian species one only appears to be € ndemie,

ending into ical Asia an

others ext one over nearly the whole area of the li

"They: differ Andropog fly in m but aum a pg ens and

nited with Sorghum in one nus, as b

acquiesced Beauvois.

cogere ri to ólines long, 1 fertile and 2 pedicellate ones to «

m 2nd glume of oe ihe fertile one awned. Awn : I

of ceci one long and rigid Se ao s Fe l. C. Gry! d

Chrysopogon.] CXLIY. GRAMINEX. 537

: Spikelets scarcely 1} Fnes long, 1 to 3 “fertile pene the

edicellate ones on each branch, 2nd glume aw

itikolete n tog Ame Jong. 3:to 5 fertile besides rn ML

ranch, Panicle narrow, usually

2. C. parviflorus,

; mpac :

Panicle : to : in. di 2nd glume of the fertile spikelet

9. €. aciculatus.

Panitle re to! 10 in in. l long, ond glume of the fertile spikelet

ned IT ERE i een IR AAEE ra

shortly awn 4. C. elongatus.

M C. Gryllus, Trin. Fund. Agrost. 188, and " Mem. Acad.

etersb.. ser. 6, ii. BIT. —An erect glabrous grass of He -n 8

6 ip. long, of numerous capillary simple branches, most] rer, of

elet

; outer glumes rigid, acute, 5

nerves more Poo and muricate or vag

keel produced in ntoa ‘fine paight awn , 9rd thin d hyaline awn or

the 5 lines long, the er glume membranous eme into a sho

ES ee the inner ones nine dh ape en Gryllus,

504; Sibth. Fl. Grec. t. 67; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 121 ;

[ow Éryilis R. Br. Prod. 199.

Victoria River, Sturt's x and

ia. Cygnet Bay, 4. Cunningham;

M‘Douall Stuart; Gulf of Car-

tralia.

Abel "e River, F. Melte; in the interior,

D nsla Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Port Denison, Fitzalan, Dallachy ; Peak

owns, Burkitt ; Rockhampton, O’ Shanesy.

N. S. Wales. tween the Darling and giro s Creek, Neilson.

Central Australia. Alice Shes 8, “Gile

Widely spread over the tropicalard warmer temperate regions of the Old World.

Var. pallidus. Spikelets rather larger with longer stouter r awns.—Holeus

pallidus, fR. Br. Prod. pt kbps pallida, Reem. et . Syst. ii. ; Andro-

P» 505,—Islan

2. C. parviflorus, Ben

usually but not always bearded. Leaves n

538 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [Chrysopogon.

long, without any basal diisi —Holcus parviflorus, R. Br. Prod.

199; Andropogon micranthus, Ku nth, Enum. i. 504; Anatherum parvi-

florum, Spreng. Syst. i. 290; Sorghum gape tat Beauv. Agrost. 182;

Holcus cerulescens, Gaudich. in Freye, Voy. Bot. 411. t. 27 ; Andro-

pogon violascens, Nees in Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 65, Weed: Syn. Glum. i.

9396; Chrysopogon violascens, Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6, ii.

319; Andropogon montanus, Roxb.; Kunth, Enum. i. 506; F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 122; Chrysopogon epis Trin. in Spreng. Neu. Entd

ii. 93, and in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6. ii. 317.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Bro

ueensland. eppel Bay, R. Brown; Port Curtis, Jr Gilliv vray; Brisbane

River, Moreton Bay, F. yd Leichhardt ; oti pa er Q' Shanesy ; Herbert s

Creek, Bowman ; Tid Downs, Wuth; Peak D

. Wales. Port Jack n, R. Brown, Wools; “Liverpool Plains, 4. Qunning-

ham; New Englan d, C. Biwart ; arcane River, Bee.

Victoria. Hume River, F. "Muel. iler.

Var. spicigera. Ultimate branches ai the panicle bearing "a a a feudis spike-

lets below the terminal one, each accompanied by a pedicellate —Port

Vien. Brisbane River, "Bailey, FAS IRR T weed River, virent Port Jackson '

species appears to be generally dispersed in. "en India if the A, montanus be

IT referred to it, and is also in New Caledoni

Schultz’s specimens from Port Darwin, n. 198, show a tall pla ant with the — d

C. D but with the small spikelets and bearded nodes of C. parviflorus. pa

spec wever, has lost most of its spikelets and is not ina state for accurà

de ‘et e ion.

3. C. aciculatus, Trin. Fund. Agrost. 188 and in Mem. Acad. Petersb.

ser. 6, ii. 317; var.? elatior.—In the typical form the stems from y

shortly decumbent branching and leafy base are erect under 1 ft. be ,

with few long leaf-sheaths and short lamine ; in the Australian

specimens the base is wauting, the stem is above ELA high, the leaves

N. panel et Abel Tasman River, F, Mueller.

Sieber's specimens, Agrostotheca, n. 93, represent the — C: es d rri »"

pogon aciculates, Retz; A. ucieularis, Kunth, Enum. i. 505), with sh M

crowded at the base of the stem and panicle branch Iden ing a single sessile = d the

between two pedicellate ones, which is widely spread over tropical Asia xe, rs

e Islands, but th: ens may not b t T

above up s specimens at first sight look distinct, but a few Tais ones come

ry near to them in stature as well as in their rigid upper leaves.

4. C. elongatus, Benth—An erect glabrous grass, branching g^

es base and attaining 3 or 4 ft. or even more, with long narrow leaves:

Chrysopoyon.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 539

Paniele in the typical form erect, narrow, dense, 6 to 10 in. long, p^

very numerous sepilsry unequal clustered. branches, each bearing ; 3t

or rarely only 1o between 2 aha

male ones, the wie sessile or very shortly pedicellate with a tuft of

hairs under each fertile spikelet. Spikelets all narrow, acute, about 3

hyaline, often Pipe awn very ne i to i 35 long, with a narrow

rod.

hyaline shortly 2.lobed base.— Holcus de irs R. Br. 200 ;

N. Australia. Coen River, Galt of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Albert River,

Laviiborongh ; — Island, H

Queensland e York, oikea y, Daemel.

Vib ip arrower, icle looser sie Since vices branches and

the whole Dikich often Motel. enn awns rather longer.—Endeavour River, A. Cun-

Osan, Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Balonne Rives Mitchell ; Rockhampton,

ane

82. SORGHUM, Pers.

(Holeus, Br. partly.)

Fertile spikelet 1-flowered, sessile between 2 pedicellate male or

panicle with 1 to 5 pairs or triplets of spikelets below the terminal 3.

"sedie or broad, hard and shining, obscurely nerved, ?n lume

rather hard keeled and acute, 3rd glume shorter, very thin and hyaline,

th or terminal glume e very thin, hyaline and 2-lobed at the base, with

an awn between the lobes twisted in the lower half bent above the

middle as in Andropogon. Palea v ui small or none. Styles distinct.

Grain enclosed in the hard and shining outer glumes, free from them.

The genus extends gree ee tropical and warm-temperate regions of the New and

the Old World. Of the four species recorded as A ustralian one is perh

from anination, m a into tropical Asia, the fourth is endemic. They are all

allied to Chrysopo, gon, A. ae more veniri hardened spikelets in dense panicles

give them a pesuliar aspect readily recognised.

Nodes glabrous or scarcely y pubescent. Fruiting spikelets

lanceolate, nearly glabrous. Awn short and fine + 1. 8. halepense.

Nodes bearded. Fruiting spikelets lanceolate, 24 to 4 lines

long, villous. Aw n usually long. glabrous .. 2. S. plumosum.

Nodes bearded. Fruiting spikelets nae 2 ies long,

eg iaa with a short om apex, villous. Awn not

Ovary glabro 3. S. fulvum,

Nodes gl glabro May igs spikelets "lanceolate, “about 4

lines long, villous. Awn had hne: Ovary ee

by atuftof hairs . . . eo. 4 S. intrans.

540 CXLIY. GRAMINEX. [Sorghum.

. S. halepense, Pers. Syn. i. 101.— Stems erect, Metti from 2

or " to 8 or 10 tt. high, the nodes glabrous. Leaves long aud flat,

often rather broad, the midrib usually white and prom neki Panicle

from 3 or 4 in. to above 1 ft. ong, loose and often rauch branched.

Fertile spikelets CPU Menu from 2 to above 3 UY long, ve

air

the Ateh. very fine and short, war big ce as s lon g as the ipii

let. Yide Me ren Linn. ; : A eoa Sibth. Fl. Gr.

i. 502

Mediterranean species, much culti "agri in some warm countries, of which I

have seen single specimens from Brisban ‘ley, Glendon, Leichhardt, Port ven

son, Woolls ? and West Australia, ati wo probably all escapes from cultivation.

F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 119, comprises under Andropogon dgiepenwia the three follow-

ing Sorgha all certainly o n Australia, but their aspect and haracters

appear to me to å sufficiently M to retain them as distinct was

. S. plumosum, Beawv. Agrost. 132.—A tall grass closely resem-

bling S. halepense, but with the nodes bearded with a dense tuft of hairs

and the leaves much narrower. Inflorescence and structure of the

the base of the sessile epiheiste Spikelets serine from 2

long, lanceolate as in S. halepense, but less flattened and ale na

Hung almost black when ripe. Awn often short x. AUR but

y longer ane stouter than in S. halepense, though never 8° long r

as in S, intrans, Ova ary glabrous.—Holcus plumosus, R. Br. Prod, 209;

Andropogen nin Spreng. Syst. i. 287.

` WN. Austr Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. eal Victoria Rivet,

ioe Pot Darwin, Schultz, n. 188; Escape Cliffs, Hwt: ; Arnhem s Land,

Queensland. Port Curtis and Port Molle, M'Gillivray ; Rockingham oy ae

Dallachy ; Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller

hardt Sa ves TS; ; Rockhampton n and numerous localities in ‘South "Queensland, B

and others

Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, 4. arai — €

others; N New England, C. Stuart; Hastings, Macleay and Claren e Rivers,

Victoria. Snowy River, F. Mueller.

Kunth's figure of iet pe tropicus, Rev. Gram. t. 97, represents rather r$.

plumosum than S. fulvum Most dem N. Australian ind some of the Qu censland

ropogo à Como. wi ie reng. og

Sorghum. ] CXLIV. GRAMINEE. 541

3. S. fulvum, Beauv. Agrost. 164.—A tall not very stout grass

attaining sometimes 6 to 8 ft., the nodes bearded with a dense tuft of

hairs Leaves narrow, with scabrous edges, Panicle Aag 4 to 8 in.

long, the hairs of the pedicels a eee spikelets of a rich brown as in the

darker specie of S. plumosus, but the iens i coor ee only 1} to 2

lines long, ovate or shortly poenas att Mie! not much flattened and

usually black and shining when ripe. E: to $ in. long. Ovary

glabrous ieget fulvus, R. 5 Br. ES "199; stadirepagon tropicus,

Spreng. Syst. i.

Queensland. dh Bay, R. Brown ; Rockhampton, O’Shanesy ; Rockingham

Bay, Dallachy.

Also in tropical Asia, from Ceylon to the Archipelago, S. China and Japan.

intrans, F. Muell. Herb.-—General habit and foliage of the

two preceding, species, but the nodes glabrous and the long awns give

N. A hem's Land, F. Mueller ; Pori Darwin, Schultz, n. 31, 149,

185; Ao mo^ Hughan.

33. ANTHISTIRIA, Linn.

(Iseilema, Anders.)

Spikelets l-flowered or empty, 7 rarely 6 in a spike or cluster, 4 male

or barren, either sessile or pedicellate in a whorl at the base of the

top of the rhachis with an preian sessile fertile one. Glumes in

the barren S aeg usually 2, the outer one several-nerved, the inner

thin and hyaline, in the male * piltelets usually a 3rd smaller hyaline

one ; in the fertile. spikelet glumes 4, the 2 outer ones nearly prog

usually rigid and coriaceous, the outer one obscurely 5- or 7-nerved, the

2nd with 2 2 prominent nerves the central one very faint, 3rd glume

much smaller, very thin and hyaline ; 4th very narrow and thin at the

fe E rain free, enclosed in the hardened outer s.— Erect

e ee feat the spikes or clusters singly pedunculate within

sheathing bracts, or sessile in the bracts and collected many together in

compound est forming short almost eyme-like leafy panic He

The genus is spread over the warmer regions of the Old World, extending into

South Afric ca, the several species described as American being now referred to Andro-

542 CXLIV. GRAMINEJ. [ Anthistiria.

os (€, (Qomlepmgon) braeteatus, Willd. Of the fn pups. icit oneis à com-

and African one, the other three appear to be endemi

The ad whorled barren spikelets sessile, Awn very long

rigid.

Spikelets in dense compound clusters, sessile within the

Bracts glabrous. Barren spikelets glabrous

sprinkled with long cilia. Fertile spikelet vri

brous or shortly pubescent at the end . A. ciliata.

ae sprinkled "idi long spreading hairs. Bpike-

arly of 4. ciliata 2. A. frondosa.

Spikelets vi the surrounding barren ones on. sle nder

pedicels within the sh iur bracts. Barren spike-

lets glabrous Fertile one densely villous with

i 3. A. avenacea.

` brown hairs

The 4 alid krae spikelets peilicellate, all the spiko-

lets glabro y fine . 4, A. membranacea.

p eoe F. Muell. Fra x. 75, from Port Curtis, C. ea is unknown to

s the fasion G rage from a fragmentary specimen ee o3, 1 lie ea”

ro me 3s be ies near A. avenacea, differing in the involucral spihidista being

inste

A. ciliata, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 481.—Stems 1 to 3 ft. high.

eaves narrow, glabrous s or the sheaths hairy; ligula very short, some-

times ciliate. Spikes or clusters of spikelets no not numerous, ue "

e lealy

points kacer than the feoi the short Phils pigat with long

brown hairs. Spikelets narrow, 4 to 5 lines long,

sessile at the base of the bearded rhachis, 2 or 1 pedicelat at the top,

glabrous or sprinkled with a few long hairs: outer glume the largest,

tralis, R. Br. Prod. 200; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 107, t. 156; F. Muell

gm. v. 207 ; A. cespitosa, Anders M nog ART E and, from

the character given, A. cuspidata, Anders. l.c.

PME porum Australia and Tasmania, known everywhe fom "

om various jes alities by numerous collectors (Sieber, Aper

tri n. nly Drom n. 984, Preiss, n. 1843, Schultz, n. 158, 179; Port Jac

In, R. Brown, ete.). Spread read also over tropical A sia and Africa.

2. A. frondosa, R. toe Prod. 200.—Very near A. seers but kin

. & larger scale. Stems erect and branching, from r 3 ft. to wice

that height, aoe flattened under the lower M dct. bh g

brous or the upper sheaths ciliate. Leafy panicle dense, often ing

leafy bracts narrow, ciliate on the back with long spreadin Ei dt

the outer ones 2 to 3 in. long. Spikes or clusters as in A. ciliata, W16

Anthistiria.] ; CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 543

the 4 involucral spikelets sessile, the outer glume of the fertile spikelet

very rigid, scarcely nerved, obtuse, pubescent at the top with short rigid

hairs. Awn as long as or often longer than in 4. cilia Many of

the spikes reduced to the 4 involucral barren spikelets surrounding a

rudimentary one.

N. Australia, Islarids off the notth coast, R. Brown; Arnhem's Land, F.

Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 155, 180, 217.

3. A. avenacea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 206.—Stems from a more or

less silky-hairy or woolly base, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves very narrow,

glabrous. Sheathing bracts narrow, membranous, glabrous, 1 to 2 in.

ong. Spikes or clusters all on rather long, slender, glabrous or eiliate

peduncles within the last braet. Barren spikelets either reduced to

a single several-nerved rigid glume with a small hyaline one inside, or

more developed, enclosing a male flower, the four involueral ones sessile.

Fertile spikelets about 4 lines long, tbe rigid outer glumes, especially

the lowest, densely villous with brown hairs. Awn long and rigid asin

the two preceding species.—A. basisericea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 201.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller. ren E

Queensland. Brisbane River, Bailey ; Condamine and Gwydir Rivers, etc.,

Leichhardt ; Rockhampton and other localities in the southern districts, O’Shanesy,

Bowman and others ; Peak Downs, F. Mueller. š

N. S. Wales. In the interior, Lachlan River, Fraser ; Liverpool plains, 4. Cun-

ningħam ; from the Darling to Cooper's Creek, Neilson.

entral Australia, Gosse. E

W. Australia. King George's Sound, Barter; Swan River, Drummond, 1st

coll.; Murchison River, Oldfield.

` F. Mueller had at first distinguished the western plant by the silky-hairy base of

e stem or lowest sheaths, which has since proved to be also in the eastern specimens.

The Species is probably referrible to the section Androscepia, proposed as a genus by

Brongniart for the Anthistirva gigantea, Cav.

4. A. membranacea, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 88.—Quite

glabrous, sometimes forming dense leafy tufts of 6 in., the branching

2 ft. Leaves flat, appearing almost ar-

Anders. Monogr. Androp. 24.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller, Gregory ; Nichol Bay, Mrs. Crouch.

Wath. d. On the Narran, Mitchell; Peak Downs, F. Mueller; Barcoo,

N. S. Wales. Between the Darling.and Cooper's Creek, Neilson.

544 OXLIV, GRAMINES. [ Anthistiria.

Central Australia, Giles; near Lake Eyre, Andrews.

Var. triehopus. A tuft of long hairs under the fertile spikelet.— Hooker's Creek,

F. Mueller.

34. APLUDA, Linn.

very thin or none. Styles distinct. Grain enclosed in the outer glumes,

free from them.

A small genus spread over tropical Africa and Asia, the subjoined species a common

one, perhaps not indigenous in Australia.

1. A. mutica, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 516.—Stem creeping oF

climbing, several feet long, with erect branching flowering shoots.

Leaves long, usually glabrous. Panicles loose and leafy, 1 to 2 ft. long.

Bracts subtending the spikelets 3 to 4 lines long, very concave, striate,

with short sometimes awn-like points, in clusters of r 6. Sessile

spikelet shorter than the braet; pedicellate spikelets either reduced to

a rudimentary glume or more developed and protruding bey ond the

bract. Awns of the terminal glume very minute or entirely deficient.

SUBTRIBE V. Trisrecivex.—Spikelets paniculate, all similar, the

terminal glume often small and thin at the time of flowering, but more

or less enlarged and stiffened or hardened round the fruit, and usually

with an awn twisted and bent as in other Andropogone:e, but sometimes

very small or deficient.

‘The few genera collected under the above name have been proposed as a ia or

tribe intermediate as it were between Panices and Andropogonese, but they appear

35. ARUNDINELLA, Raddi.

Spikelets with l terminal hermaphrodite flower and often a second

male one below it, in a loose terminal panicle. Glumes 4, the 3 outer

ones often pointed but not awned, the 3rd with a palea or à P .

Arundinella.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 545

A tropical or ep eases pim chiefly Asiatic, sg a few African and American

Species. Of the Australian pu one is a common Indian one, the other appa-

rently endemic, Bot elong the section der haa in which the terminal

E is entire or slightly ad without bristle-like points on each side of the

Outer eine may as long as the yd a with a short

- 1. 4. nepalensis,

Outer hne. about half ‘the spikelol with a + long

int . . > 2. A. Schultzii.

l. A.n nepalensis, Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 268.—An erect glabrous

perennial, attaining 6 to 8 ft. Leaves narrow, the ligula short,

minutely ciliate. Panicle narrow, dense or loose, erect or slightly

spreading, varying from 4 to 6 in. in the smaller specimens to above

l ft. in luxuriant ones, the low

glumes usually 5-nerved, tapering to short points, the lowest rather

shorter than the others, he 3rd rather thinner, with a male flower in

its axil. Terminal flowering glume smaller a nd thinner at the

time of age slightly notehed with minute dbimin o r acute points

oneach side of the awn not produced into bristles. Palea auriculate

y ES Nds Wide b near the base.—Acratherum miliaceum, Link, Hort.

ero

N. Australia, Popper Victoria River, F.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton B ed conte ig iua um — "carius

Rockhampt ton and aaa hood, Thozet, O' Shanesy ; ring-

Sure, Wuth ; Herbert's Cr eek, Bowman; Rockingham Boy, Z ps Pins

N. S. Wales, ecd Plains, Leichhardt.

oy distributed over the hilly districts of tropical Asia, extending to South

2. A. Se chultzii, teta —Stems erect, rather slender but rigid, 3

ft. high or more. “Lea s narrow, glabrou eni a few long hairs at

the orifice of the Tamed Panicle narrow, 3 to 4 in. long in our speci-

ip Spikelets 2 lines long or rather more, on shorter pedicels than

- ne

n: sis st sessile. glume broad, 3-nerved,

Scarcely half as long as the spikelet, with an awnlike point nearly as

ng; 2nd glume as long a 3rd, 5-nerved, with a short point, 3rd

RA 7-nerved, thin, with a small bifid palea in its axil; termi

es glume thin, about 5-nerved, tapering into a short fine awn, at

ngth bent mcd about the middle as in the rest of the genus.

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 31.

VOL. vir, | 2N

546 ; CXLIV. GRAMINE,

36. POLY POGON, Desf.

back at or fili the middle, mall and bs or reduced t

minute point. Palea rA "Styles short, distinct. Grain eidal

in the slightly stiffened glume and palea, free from them

A small genus, sag esu — sid on globe. Of the three Australian

species two have a wide rate and subtropical regions of the

Old World, although t their 1 bits sessi a well a ^ geographical are not yet

pedic ver} cu

and the general struc ure most rir that of Dévhétia, from which indeed

M gon only differs in the fifi ccr dense and spikelike, not loosely panicu-

Awns of the empty glumes 3 or 4 times as long as the

glume, of the towering eens very short or none . . 1. P. monspeliensis.

All the awns vu osi . P. fugaz.

Awn of the g gl ume longer than those of t

empty pi leapa twisted at the base and bent. iban 1 3. P. tenellus,

P. simples, E Syst. Cur. Post. 30, said to be Australian on the authority cf

Sieber’s Agrostoth eca n. 94, under the name of Pod oscemum, sp. n. Nees, is unknown

to me, the very short diagnosis might apply to P. maritimus, De. and the specimen

may ae An E It has been named Trichochloa simplex by Roem. and Schult.

Syst. Addit. ad Mant. Cl. iii, 577, and Muehlenbergia roue d Kunth, Enum. i.

208, fare bu authors have ned copist Sprengel’s diagnosi:

eliensis, Desf. ; Kunth , Enum . 232. —An om

a S. Wales. Port alga: Woolls ; Lord Howe’s Island, €. Moor tle

ctoria. Port Phillip and Darebin Creek, F. Mueller ; Ballarat, esi; Li

‘ives: Fullagar

Tasmania. Laun unceston, Gunn ; Southport, C. Stuart ; Swanport, Story.

S. Australia. Denier CN Mus pes * .

W. Australia, Drv ys erlang ines, Oldfield.

The species is common in most temperate and subtropical regions of the oN

Polypogon.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 547

World and has also been sent from America, but in many stations and pur in

most of the Australian ones rather as an introduced weed.

2. P. fugax, Nees in Steud. Syn. Glum i. 184—Apparently annual,

glabrous, 1 to 2 4t. high, with the foliage of P. monspeliensis. Spikelike

panicle dense, 3 to 4 in. long, larger and more distinctly branched

than in P. monspeliensis, the sen it the awns and rather larger

Ww. ihesteviti, Dr ummond ; Busselton, Pries.

These specimens have been identified by Munro with the Indian ones described

by Nees under the name of P. fugaz, they also closely resemble some South American

Specimens of P. interru uptus, B. ei K. id can scarcely be considered as a

Short-awned variety of P. ; monspeliensis, and perhaps come near rer to the s imilarly

short-awned P, Zi alis, Sm. The latter is however usually a éclat with a

glum

Specimen from Ravenswood in Tasmania, in Herb. F. Mueller, is very near the ‘true

P. littoralis, but is probably only an introduced weed.

3. P. tenellus, R. Br. Prod, 173. —Apparently stia decumbent

at the ag ascending from 6 in. to near 2 ft. but usually much more

slender than B. ncaa tiene the spikelike aai narrower, not

80 dense, rarely 2 in. long. Outer glumes in the typical form scarcely

above 1 lin e long, narrow, entire, ciliate or villous on the keel

margins, tapering into fine straight awns of 2 to 4 lines, the hairs of the

Pedicel round the base of the spikelet more prominent than in P.

the ong as, those of the outer glumes, busted in the lower part, bent about

middle, Palea very narrow. Stam

Ww. ente . Hag George's Sound, R. Brown; Gordon River, Oldfield.

vie labrous

Spikelets rese larger, often n intr or g :

thee t tho ta tuft o of [e airs ei on e base. Awn of the flowering glume more

W.. * alo LM rok as ilie outer a ne^ Droas, Steud, Syn Glum. i. 184,—

a, Drummond 4th, sale A. 1. 369.

abiur Spikelike panicle pes fz ikelets small and villous or ciliate as

a the e typi om form but the of à s «i fine s ther long, those of € outer glumes

Oana ong as those of the role to es.—Murchison and Bowes Rivers,

Teme II, Oxy YREX. t PERSE 1-flowered, unisexual, the two

i165 in the same panicle. Glumes 3, the flowering one large, mem-

k ile or hardened and enclosing the grain, the outer ones empty.

> More or less united with 2 or 3 long feathery stigmas.—-.

Y broad and often petiolate above the sheaths.

545 CXLIV. GRAMINER,

Besides the Australian suba the tribe comprises a few American ones, the

farther study of which may require some modification in the above character. It is

-— however that neither aptas s, nor its nearest ally Pharus, can be associated

h any other tribe of Gra

37. LEPTASPIS, R. Br.

any rudimentary ovary. No o staminodia in the females. Style entire

to the orifice of the glume with 3 Sire feathery stigmas. Grain

enclosed in the utricular enlarged glum

A small genus Preig over tropical Asia and African, the eni Australian

species qoo in many respects allied to the American Phar

1. L. Banksii, R, Br. Prod.911.— Stems from a horizontal or

shortly creeping rhizome 1} to 2 ft. high, leafy only in the lower part.

Leaves petiolate above the long narrow sheaths, TO TIS acute,

. nd i

hairs. Panicle very “Foose, į to 1ft. long, the filiform Ae nches few,

distant, spreading, more or less divided. ‘Spikelets distant, pedicellate

or L or 2 almost sessile on the smaller branchlets, the terminal one 0

each branehlet usually male, the lower ones female. Outer glumes

broad and concave Aida Eh in the ciere almost black when dry, the

largest under 1 lin ong, the outer still smaller. Flowering

— nearly globulur but open in the "aisle, rather above 1 line dia-

ter, pubescent in the females, 1 line diameter when in flower, 2 lines

crc in fruit and quite siege except the minute terminal orifice.—

Pharus Banksii, Spreng. Syst. 4.

Queensland. Endeavour River, me and Solander, A. Cunningham ; Cape

` York, Daemel ; Rockingham Bay, Dallac

Terse V. oo —Spikelets with 1 terminal eee

flower and rarely 2 flowers lower down. Glumes 2 to 6, all

keeled or with a ce ütia n nerve, 2 below the artieulation at the rhachis

grain, 1 or 2 outer ones aed small and empty or de-

cient, rarely larger ed "crede eac e flower with a palea, but

6. erra — 2-nerved palea to the met ue “fertile flower. Stamens

It has appeared to me that at the gen form a very distinct group,

characterised b y the ed immediately « rak iei rung ge flower having almost a

CXLIV. GRAMINED. 549

ot quite always a central nerve, and being q OR poliabiy a glume on the axis

of the spikelet and not a palea on the axis of the r, although, when the flower

is apparently terminal, the two axes being med ui ed into one cannot be distin-

ain

angle fringe with a line of hairs whol appears ic aridis a sce iunt and never

rue i 1 i i

ing often very faint at b whilst on each side is more — ous and

reaches the apex. In all the other rond c central sare is very distinct.

38. LEERSIA, Swartz.

(Asprella, Ram. and Schult.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, rae articulate on short pedicels along the

filiform branches of a terminal panicle. Glumes 2, complicate and

pale

1n species not Australian 3 or fewer. Styles pth distinct Grain

pei in the slightly hardened glumes, free from

ye small genus, spread over the tropical and temperate regions ee the globe, the

only Australian species common to the New and the Old World.

andra, Swartz. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 6—An erect though

weak ahon grass, attaining several feet, often rooting in the mud at

the lower nodes. psi rather narrow, flat when fresh, mostly erect.

Panicle oblong, 2 to 4 n. long, with erect or slightly spreading filiform

flexuose branches. Spikelets narrow-ovate, about 12 lines long. Glumes

nembranous, acute, the outer one with a prominent nerve on each

side besides the marginal one; the inner glume nearly as long, but

narrower, with only one nerve on each side near the margin.

Stamens 6.— 7. australis, R. Br. Prod. 210; Asprella — Rom.

and Schult. Syst. ii. 267 ; L. mezicana, Kunt h, Rev. Gra

Diss O Shane Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Port Curtis, prep peti mpto

O'Shanesy; Brisbane River, Mares. Bay, F. Mueller, Leichhardt snd

N. s. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown.

39. ORYZA, Linn.

Spikelets 1-flowered, flat, articulate on short pedicels or sessile along

the flexuose branches of a terminal panicle. Glumes 4, 2 outer ones

o 2-nerved pal tamens Styles short, distinet.

ie ‘eh utes in the dened almost coherent upper glumes, but free

nus of very few es from the warmer regions of the New and the

oit Werl, te only Aus A n species of Old World origin, but in very general

550 CXLIV. GRAMINER, [Oryza,

. O. tiva, ` Linn. unth, Tih. . 7.—S8tems creeping or

to above 1 ft. lo Spikelets ovate- -oblong, 3 to 4 lines long. Outer

glumes scarcely 4 line long and nerveless, upper ones 4 promi-

SERM: nerved, the keels usually ciliate, the outer one with 1 nerve

on e ide be the e-like margin, elosely embracing and

the outer one with a straight awn of } to 3 in. and the inner with

only a short e —F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 115; : “Döl in Mart. Fl.

Bras. Gram. t.

N. Australia. Marshes about Hooker and Sturt’s Creek, really wild, F. Mue ller.

Common in East India in the wild state (Roxburgh), besides the numerous varieties

cultivated in various countries under the name of Rice

40. POTAMOPHILA, R. Br.

Spikelets 1-flowered, polygamous, not flattened, articulate on s

short pedicels along the filiform branches of a terminal panicle

Glumes 4, 2 outer ones very small membranous, Ded: nper ones

broadest. No 2-nerved palea. Stamens 6. Styles s short, distinct.

Grain enclosed in the larger glumes, free from them.

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia..

1. P. parviflora, R. Br. Prod. 211.—An aquatic glabrous grass

of 3 to 9 ft. Leaves narrow and erect, convolute when n dry, scabrous ;

ligula prominent, jagged. Panicle narrow, 1 to 1j ft. long or der

more. peus ets ed numerous, about 1$ lines long ,pale-soloure o

Men m RAT rather acute, concave, the outer eum E

the inner one 3-nerved.— Kunth, Rev. Gram. t. 5; Trin. Spec. Gra

t. 249.

N. S. Wales. Williams River, R. Brown; Hastings River, Beckler, the

specimens few, and not seenin any Cine collection.

* 4l. EHRHARTA, Thunb.

Spikelets 1-flowered, pedicellate in a terminal panicle rarely rodnar

a simple raceme, the rhachis of the spikelet articulate above the

Slate sometimes awn ned, the 4th deua ne Deren pit sometimes

Ehrharta. | CXLIV. GRAMINEX. - 551

keeled and never awned. Flower terminal. No palea. Lodicules

large, very thin. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Styles short, distinct. Grain

enclosed in the larger glumes but free from them.

The genus is limited to South Africa and the Mascarene Islands. "The two species

subjoined have evidently been introdueed into Australia.

glumes rigid, prominently nerved, awned

Spikelets about 24 lines long; not awned; 3r

short, very thin, 4th faintly nerved rather

BED EL es d a 4a AS we Ease

Spikelets about 4 lines long without the awns ; 3rd and 4th

CUP Es es ses Long dia

d glume

. « 2 E. brevifolia,

* 1. E. longiflora, Sm. Ic. Ined. t. 32.—An erect glabrous grass,

attaining 2 or 8 ft. but often much smaller. Leaves flat, sometimes

rather long, slightly scabrous. Panicle loose, narrow, 3 to 6 in. long, the

branches and pedicels filiform. Outer persistent glumes obtuse, 2 to 3

lines long, often purplish, the 2nd rather longer than the first, 3rd and

4th glumes 3 to 4 lines long, scabrous-pubescent, rigid, 3-nerved,

tapering into an awn as long as themselves, and each with a tuft of

hairs at their base on the slightly elongated rhachis, the 4th contracted

into a short stipes, 5th and 6th glabrous, unawned. Stamens 6, or

rarely in afew flowers reduced to 5 or 4.—Swartz in Trans. Linn. Soc.

vi. 56, t. 4; Kunth, Enum. i. 14.

W. Australia. Naturalised about King George's Sound, F. Mueller.

Victoria. Now wild on the Wimmera, F. Mueller,

_ Anative of South Africa introduced into the island of St. Helena on one side as

into Australia on the other.

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 142. The specimens seen rather numerous but

unaccompanied by any memoranda. I can find nothing to distinguish them from the

South African E, brevifolia, and therefore conclude them to represent an introduced

Plant. Although the number of stamens is not known the inflorescence 1s that of

Ehrharta not of Tetrarrhena.

552 CXLIV. GRAMINEX.

42. MICROLJENA, R. Br.

(Diplax, Hook. f.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, on filiform pedicels in a narrow loose panicle,

the rhachis of the spikelet articulate above the 2 outer glumes.

minal. No palea. Lodicules large, very thin. Stamens 4 or

LA distinct. Grain enclosed in the larger glumes but hie from

A small genus, confined to Australia and New Zealand, one of the Australian

species common to New Zealand, the other endemic

The genus is closely nag to Tetrarrhena, differing in the loose poer and

awned glumes. The tufts of short cilia at the bas e of the 3rd and 4th glumes are not

in Eire ind. but are sen very much reduced in Microlena tasman "E

Stamens 4. Rhachis of bra end ere d — be-

tween the 3rd, 4th a h glum š 1. M. stipoides.

Stamens 2. Glumesall vas prim eck other . . . . . 2 M. tasmanica.

a umi nerves, tapering into a fine awn, with a tuft of hairs at their

base on the slightly elongated rhachis, the 4th rather longer than the

3rd and its awn sometimes much longer, 5th glume rather shorter, acute

but not awned, the nerves not prominent, 6th shorter very narrow an

thin but stiff Stamens 4.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 105; Ehrharta

stipoides, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i 91, t. 118; F. Muell. Fragm. vii

; Microlena Gunnii, Hook. f. 1. c. 105, t. 155, A.

* 2 wan Roc kata ard A err deeds Downs, ns, Broom, Wools and

others ; Myr River, Beckler ; New England, C ae

Victoria. soil r, F. Mueller Uc Bacch 2 ld;

asmania. Launceston, Gunn ; natam t, dudes Huon River, Olde;

xXx IY

t. Vincent ‘Gulf, F. Mueller.

Pei grec Drumm . 895; Blackwood River, Oldfield; Busselton,

Also in New Zealand.

mn n tly creep-

Lf Stems from a tufted or shor "E high.

m at the ‘base of the stem short, narrow but flat, on the stem bes

few with short lamine far below the cori Panicle loose, prem

Mierolena.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 553

or narrow, 2 to n.. long, the pedicels and short Sct mi bend

Outer persistent iuias unequal, the low o $ line, to

1; lines long, the 3 next glumes a lioet close above the eius ones with

ly 5-nerved, the 3rd with a short point or glume, the 4th

er longer with an awn sometimes as long as the glume, the 5th

ES but not awned, 6th or flowering glume shorter, keeled, faintly

nerved. Stamens (always ?) 2.— Diplaz tasmanica, Hook. f. *

ii. 105, t 155, B ; Ehrharta diarrhena, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 89.

Tasmania. Recherche ind Gunn ; South Port, C. Stuart.

Var. subalpina, F. Mue Leaves rather longer. Stem short. Spikelets

smaller than in the mor form,—Halfway up Mount Lapeyrouse, Oldfield ;

e St. Clair, Gulliver.

49. TETRARRHENA, R. Br.

Spikelets 1-flowered, yis or very shortly pedicellate in a simple

spike or in a sca reely b anched spikelike panicle, the rhachis of the

spikelet artieulate above the 2 outer glumes. Glumes 6, 2 outer small

and agence the 8rd various, the 4th usually the largest and rigid,

the 5th similar but usually smaller, the 6th narrower but keeled like

neg none of them awned. Flower terminal. alea. Lodicules

large, very thin. Stamens 4. Styles short, distitiok Grain enclosed

in the larger glumes but free from them

The genus is pres to Australia. xi is euni allied to is euer LAC EAM Ehrhar iar

with which F, Mueller, following = gel, unites this an ceding genus, but

the dimerous not patie androeci sees er with the arena range, appear

Sufficient to maintain them as distinc on

Larger glumes obtuse or scarcely a

Third glume about half as epa as m 4th. Stems E

om a creeping base ascending to about 1 ft. . 1. T. distichophylla.

5th.

and entangle d. Outer glum obtuse,

equ . 2, T. juncea.

Stems erect. Outer glumes acute, “nearly ‘equal.

estern specie s Ps T. levis.

Larger glumes acutely I ao sux equ eo, S. du Role,

disticho phylla, E. Br. Prod. 210.—Stems tufted or

branching and creeping at the base to a great extent, ascending to from

to above 1 ft, rather rigid but slender. Leaves chiefly at the

; s or on decumbent branches, short, almost — Nis hairy.

lon

994 CXLVI, GRAMINEA, [ Letrarrhena,

faintly vente, 4th and 5th nearly equal, broad, obtuse, 7-nerved, the

poros ore prominent on don 4th fhan on the 5th, 6 6th glume enclosing

$20 narrow, concave, faintly 1-nerved. —Hook. f. £l. TMM ii.

B Ehrharta PRAA EH p Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 90, t. 117

ro imis Between etes ea and Curdie's Rivers, "p Mue

ania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; Hobart ipee ^ Panquil, Gunn ;

aaron, C. Stuart,

R. Br. Prod. 210.— Stems either long slender -

bushes to the height of 8 to 12 ft. (F. ge Leaves s fiom,

narrow and hyaline. ME d Tiki. Spreng. “i ii. 114; Tetra

rhena Pec cissima, Nees in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 409; ook. f. FI.

Tasm. ii. 104, t. 154; Ehrharta tenacissima, Steud. Syn. err i. 75

F. E. iun. vii. 90.

Port Phillip n; Dandenong Ranges, F. Mueller ; Mount

wiles Sullivan ; an ior Grae Gargurevic

Tasmania. Mois t places near the sea, Black River, Gunn.

Var. scabra. Prati very scabrous. Outer ‘glumes — mies than n e m

cal form but ofthe same number, the specimens just co pes Pa ith

glume is still easter within the 4th. on rharta uniglumis, Y í M ell.

Phil Soc. Vict, i, 111.— Victoria, F, Muel e plant MERE "

À Th

l.c. as E. contexta, is the typical form of oid agir

3. T. levis, R. Br. Prod. 210.- Stems from a shortly creeping 8 th

horizontal rhizome 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves us glabrous and smo

or slightly scabrous. Spike loose, simple or with a few very M

branches, 1j to 3 in. long. Spikelets shout 3 lines long, sessile i

shortly pedicellate, glabrous. Outer persistent glumes rigidly mem

branous, rather acute, nearly equal, the To slightly the 2nd promi-

nently 5-nerved, 3rd, 4th and 5th glumes nearly similar,

and more open, the 4th and 5th Six tiep cn the grain, the 6th

small, narrow and hyaline, faintly 1-nerved.— Ehrharta levis, d

Syst. ii. 115; Tefrarrhena Drummo ndi Nees in Hook. Lond.

Journ. ii. 409.

1845,

W. Australia. King George's Sound, very common, R. Brown, Preiss, t

na me n. 394, Oldfield, P Mudie and tin: Swan River, aep ls

slender.

. acuminata, R Prod. 210.—Stems long and

dts usually rather hoses ihid broader than in Z. distichophylla, ~~

glabrous. Spike 1to1}in. long. Spikelets few, distant, sessile,

Tetrarrhena.] CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 555

4 lines long. Outer persistent glumes very small as in 7. disticho-

phylla, but not so obtuse, the lowest about 3 line, the 2nd £ line long,

3rd and 4th glumes narrow, rigid, acuminate, with about 5 very promi-

nent seabrous or almost murieate nerves, the 4th rather longer than

the 3rd and sometimes produced into a short fine point; 5th glume

rather shorter and less acute, rigid but faintly nerved and smooth or

nearly so, 6th shorter and narrower, but keeled acute and rather

rigid.—-Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 104; Hhrharta acuminata, Spreng. Syst.

n. 114.

Victoria. Queen's Cliff, F. Mueller

pntemanie. ort Dalrymple, R. Brown ; Longford, Archer; Mersey River,

. Stuart.

44, ALOPECURUS, Linn.

Spikelets 1-flowered, flat, densely crowded into a cylindrical spike

or spikelike panicle. Glumes 3, 2 outer complicate, keeled, acute but

not awned, 3rd under the flower shorter, keeled, with a short slender

dorsal awn. No 2-nerved palea or lodicules. Stamens 3. Styles

E Grain enclosed in the scarcely hardened glumes, but free

m them.

A small genus, widely spread over the temperate and colder regions of both the

northern and the southern hemispheres, only penetrating into the tropics as occa-

i e

sional weeds. The two Australian species are common northern ones, and one of

them is only as an introduced weed.

Outer glumes nearly 3 lines long, united at the middle,

BUD tr nearly 80. 27 UP LOL Loy ee eee

Outer glumes not 14 lines long, free or scarcely united at

the base, hairy on the keel (ur qoe A UA

l. A. agrestis.

2, A. geniculatus.

* 1. A. agrestis, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 23.—An annual, 1 to

2 ft. high. Leaves rather short, with long not very loose sheaths.

Spikes 2 to Zin. long, the spikelets not so closely packed nor so much

ttened as in other species, about 3 lines long, usually quite glabrous,

the 2 outer glumes united to about the middle, the hairlike awn o the

flowering glume projecting 2 or 3 lines beyond them.—Reichb. Ic. Fl.

Germ. t. 49.

Tasmania. Swanport, Story, evidently introduced.

2. A. geniculatus, L h, Enum. i. 24, ii. t. 7.—A

perennial or sometimes annual only, glabrous except the spike. Stems

Sometimes only in., ofte ft. high or more ves narrow,

€ upper sheaths broad and loose. Spike 1 to 2 in. long, closely

imbricate but slender. Outer glumes hairy on t l, scarcely

e usually but little more than 1line long, free or scarcely united

Abt l

556 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Alopecurus.

above 1 line beyond them.—Reichh. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 49; Hook. f. Fl.

Tasm. ii. 109; s gsm Fragm. viii. 138 ; A. australis, Nees in Hook.

Lond. Journ. i

gig Doing: Nh , Law ; Ballandool River, Locker

. Wales. In nterior, west of the Blue Mountains, Darling River, eto.,

A, 'Oumninyham Mitchell, Wools a nd others. :

Wendu Vv. ale, Rober tson; Mitta-Mitta, F. Mueller; Wimmera,

SET

Tasmania. Fo m Gunn.

S. Australia. aa s and St. Vincent’s Gulfs to the Murray, F. Mueller

(with longer awns than usual).

re ea Bay, Oldfield.

Common in aes temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and as introduced

eed in the southern hemisphere and in some places within the opis Perhaps

iruly P aiea in Australia and New Zealand.

45. PHALARIS, Linn.

cate, 3-nerved, the keel bordered by a scarious wing, the 3r and 4t

small lanceolate or reduced to small bristles or one » deficient, the 5th

smaller, complicate, very finely 5-nerved or apparently 4- nerved, the

central nerve short and searcely conspicuous enveloping the 6th glume

which is also wat ape enclosing the flower, apparently 2-nerved,

the external angle between the nerves longitudinally ciliate. ;

ordinary pain, [hee 3. Styles distinct. Grain enclosed in the

upper glume

A small genus, chiefly from the Mediterranean and neighbouring regions ae

e DK s species are both northern, one of them certainly, the other possi y

troduced into Australia.

Wings of the outer glumes narrow and thin. Intermediate

, small glumes reduced to a single small bristle . 1. P. minor.

Wings of the outer glumes ru» road and white. Inter- —

e glumes

Josie more than 4 TOT,

2. P. canarinsis.

» Retz; Kunth, Enum. i. 32.—An erect glabrous | leafy

akt tbe

annual, of 1 to 3 Aor rather more, d upper leaf-sheaths loose, E

ligula rather large and scarious. Spikelike panicle very dense an

- Melbourne, Adamson. vil

tisanas Coal River, Oldfield ; Swanport, Story ; Launceston, Hannaforé-

Phalaris.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 557

S. pen St. Vincent's Gulf, Story.

The s common in ka Mediterranean region and appears in some other

airi pa mostly and per bape in a ea nly as introduced. Sibthorp’s figure

of P. aquatica, Fl. Gree. t. 57, usually cited, after Parlatore, pes minor, Se he nts

: perennial with a Me twice as "ad asany I have seen of P.a

* 2. P. canariensis, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 31.—An annual like

P. minor, but usually taller, the spikelike serio shorter broader and

more ovoid. Spikelets mueh broader, the wings of the outer glumes

E E Naturalised on the sea-shore at D Herb. F. Mueller.

The plan

probably a satis rd of S oath Europe or North Africa than of the uai

Islands s, but it has a established as in so rod places, especially near the sea

that it is difficult to indigenou

* 46. ANTHOXANTHUM, Linn.

Spikelets 1-flowered, narrow, pedicellate, crowded into a giae

2 or spikelike panicle, the rhachis a ulate above the 2 outer

glum Glumes 6, 2 outer acute, ed, 3rd and 4th shorter,

empty, narrow, one with a small dorsal awn, the other with alonger awn

free from much |

erve or keel, enclosing the flower. No 2-nerved palea. Stamens 2.

Styles distinet. Grain enclosed in the 2 upper glumes.

The genus consists of a single species common in the temperate 4 of the

northern hemisphere, and introduced into several parts of the southern

A. odoratum, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 38, ii. t. 8——A rather

dis erect perennial, l to 2 ft. high, quite glabrous. Spikelike

panicle 1$ to 2 in. long. Spikelets about 3 lines long, the outer

glumes unequal, the 3rd and 4th usually quite included within them or

rarely the longest awn slightly protruding.—Trin. Spec. Gram

Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 106.

N. S. Wales Port Jackson, Wools.

Tasmania. New No rfolk, Gunn ; Swanport, Story.

A common meadow grass in Europe and northern Asi the sweet scent to

hay. In Australia sil iri Prat at: only. dcs

47. HIEROCHLOA, Gmel.

(Disarrhenum, Labill.)

re with 1 terminal piagam flower and 2 male flow

1 idal o

bel in a pyrami terminal panicle, the vicis

558 CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. [ Hierochloa. |

articulate above the 2 outer glumes. Glumes 6, thinly scarious, 2 outer

acute keeled with a more or less distinct shouts nerve on each side, 3rd

and 4th obtuse or emarginate, the keel sometimes produced into a short

awn, each enclosing a narrow palea and 3 stamens, 5th shorter broad

palea to the terminal flower. Stamens 2. Styles distinct. Grain

enclosed in the 2 upper glumes.

An Arctic and Antarctic genus common to the New and the Old World, gens

into more temperate regions in Europe, South € the dae as and Y

mountains. Ofthe two Motion species one has a wide Antarctic range, ds other

is endemic, The species have all the sweet barant of PTET S

Spikelets crowded on = branches of the panicle. Outer

glumes as long as the male ones . 1. H. redolens.

Spikelets all on n slender r pedicels. Outer glumes : shorter than ;

he male ones . à ^ . 2. H. rariftora.

1. H. redolens, R. Br. Prod. ~ (y —— d tufted,

erect, branching, leafy, 2 to 3 ft. high. flat, rather rigid,

spikelike secondary panicles of 1 to 13 inet fe upper ones sessile, the

the

point.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 108 ; Holeus redolens, Forst. Prod. 92 ;

Melica magellanica, Desv. in Lam. Diet. iv. 72; Disarrhenum en

Ee Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 83, t. 232; Hierochloa antarctica, R om

. 209; Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. b 23; Kunth, Rev. Gram. t. 209.

Serena Common in the Australian Alps, F. Muelle MEE

Pusan.” Tib Mouton (Mount We llington) P. Brown, Common in

plaees throughout the island, J. D. Hooker and oth

Also in New Zealand and Antarctic America, Among the several specific which

Forster's is the oldest and was applied to the typical New Zealand plant,

with the larger i

67e

zd The following two varieties are however much m re distinct, re

differences are e ed by faritis specimens they might ia "restored as

Species,

de Be

Var? submutica, F. Muell. Glumes all smaller and more obtuse, those under

male flowers less ciliate and without am y or only mi nute rudimentary wns. wns—£.

Hierochloa.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 559

get», F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 48.— Cobberas and Munyang

Mountains, F. Mueller.

tso dense, usually only 2 to $ in. lon P ince edes M. Spikelets scarcely

2 lines long, the glumes under the male s less cu 7 : diee but

inserted near the apex of he wee; Free Hoo k. TAM SH.

borealis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. . 108, scarce = of Schrader, S aa g to H. Aniki by

E f. Handb. N. Zeal. H. 322 and by F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 138.—Mount Wel-

ngton, Fraser, un Mount Lapeyrouse, Gulliver ; Mount Field East, F. Mueller.

This Mr RR to me to be closely connected with H. n: through the var. sub-

mutica. Itis c rtainly near the northern H. borealis, but has not the loose dications te

panicle nor the broader pat ti of that species. The Mesi n H. alpina differs

still more in its small co mpact panicle and in the awns free peg much lower down

on the male-flower glumes. All however are very near to each other

2. H. rariflora, Hook. f. Fl. Ant. i. 93; Fl. Tasm. ii. 108. t. 157.

T ns slender, branching, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves narrower than in

H. redolens, tapering into long subulate points. Panicle loose and

spreading, 2 to 3 in. long. Spikelets all on slender pedicels, often

i coloure upper ones. uter persistent glumes broad, obtuse, the

owest about 14 lines long, the 2nd rather larger and 3-nerved; inter-

much narrower, keeled, but the lateral nerves scarcely visible.—F,

Muell. Fragm. viii. 138.

N.S. Wales. Té Bay, F. Mueller

pee Nangatta nd bdo te Rock Mou

8 Tas North of the Joerg ede : T Pauls River, C. Stuart ;

wanport, § [We y; Bay of] Tees "Bissill

The King George's Sound stati ion, given on theauthority of Baxter's specimen so

marked in Herb. Hook. is venu a mistake. Baxter (— chiefly ides

ucky Bay, and along the coast a little to the

V specimens on the coast of Victoria, which got mixed with his cis litis in "de

bm dealynation of King George’s Sound.

bo rely a male flower above or

elow, the rhachis of the spikelet usually atticutite above 2 outer per-

celer empty glumes, either not continued beyond the solitary or

d i rar ir

B.E

> et

[e]

560 CXLIV. GRAMINES.

it appears to me however that the three ascen form a group bearing the sa

relation to Festucace:» which the SR gon o to Panicew, the chief charter

residing in the twisted awn and the generally edad d palea. In neither case can

any = za ct line be drawn without the interposition of one or two exotic genera

or sp

SUBTRIBE I. SmrPACEX. — Spikelets 1-flowered, paniculate, the

shachis not produced beyond the flower. Flowering glume closely

enveloping the palea, with a terminal simple or trifid awn. Lodicules

(always?) 3. Grain usually narrow, enclosed in the more or less

hardened glume.

48. ARISTIDA, Linn.

Spikelets 1-flowered, on filiform pedicels or nearly sessile ET

terminal panicle, the rhachis the spikelet articulate above the

outer glumes. Glumes 3, narrow, 2 outer usually persistent, e

empty and unawned ; terminal or E dawating glume d rigid, rol i

round the flower, entire, with a terminal trifid a Palea smat,

enclosed in the flowering ne: Styles dist uer ean narrow,

with the stipes and awn in Stipa.—All the Australian species

glabrous, with convolute more or less subulate leaves.

is ic a

genera, the Australian species of each section run much into each other, and or the

tinguished by rper be wd ond the propor p aant dimensions of the parts o

rode and spikelets

Arth sh da

Szcr on articulat th me, entire —— twisted

ide d the cud Flou

h shorter than uem outer o

Awn 2 i i

wn ih — long below the branches, which are at least 1. A. hygrometrica.

Awn — ut in. below the "branches, which vary from 13 1

9. A. stipoides.

A to à i ;

"i Sag Ha, below t the branches, v which vary f from 1 to i MM

hes,

Section II. Chetarie.— A not articulate ae agreed a the glume into 8 se ae ul

the glume itself when barr. the a Flowering glum

as long or longer than the pos ones.

Panicl

anic misi broad and dense, Glumes 1 in. long. Awns 4. A. Behriana.

Panis b branches very lon 3 at length spreadin ; "with few

spikelets - one poli lion ls. ee ties least 3 Rin. long 5. A. leptopod?.

Panicle loose, at length pyramidal. Pedicels short. Outer

lumes 2 to 3 lines

; pee Awns short > TE ities piume. muc 6. A. vagans.

Panicle narro M thas loose. Outer glumes aslong as the

flowering one.

lines. Awns under +4 in, 1 Paige

Glumes*4 to 6 lines. Awns to 1in. lon ng. mesh QU 8. E calyeina,

Aristida. | CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 561

- Panicle narrow, dense. Spikelets sessile and crowded on

the short branches. Glumes 3 lines or the flowering E

rather longer, Awns4to6lins . . . . . . » 9. A. depressa.

SECTION T. ARTHRATHERUM.—Awn articulate on the glume, although

usually remaining attached and falling off with it, entire and t wisted

below the branches. Flowering glume much shorter than the outer

ones,

Panicle narrow, scarcely branched, 6 t in teas without the awns

Spikelets fi short erect pedicels. Outer glume obtuse, 8

lines long, dpud 3-nerved or sometimes 4-nerved by the doubling

of the o ; 2nd glume hard and convolute, nearly 1} in. long,

acute, 1- dened. Jorma lume narrow, convolute, glabrous, about

3 lines long on à hairy stipes of 1 to 11 lines. Awn articulate on the

glume, at least 2 in. long below the branches, the middle branch 22 to

4 in., the lateral ones as long or shorter. Palea a little more than 1

line long. pais at least as long, finely ‘igs at the base.—Beauv.

Agrost. t. 8, f.8; Trin. and Rupr. Gram. Stip. 162.

N. HE Arnhem N. Bay, R. Brown ; Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller,

2. A, oides, R. Br. Prod. 174.—Habit and foliage of A

Moronciriceh m more slender. Panicle long with a slender Pe.

the er short erect branches usually bearing 2 spikelets, the upper

wikeets singly distant on ciiin erect pedicels. Duter d er r

erve t

branches li to 2 in. long.— I m dnd nee oma emi 101; E;

Muell, Fragm. viii. Apa

s,N- Australia. Islands of the, Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Gilbert River,

TUNE Nicholso on and Upper Victoria Rivers, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz,

2; hain

mpier's Archipelago, AE cot

"Centra ustralia "m enti Alice Springs and Charlotte Waters, Giles; Lake

Yre, Andrews,

9. A. are » Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. 07.—Very near

4. stipoides a Heg RSA to that species by F. Kiueller, n ue viii. 111,

but à smaller plant, the stems usually not above 6 in. below the

"ally 3 i z to $ in. below the branching, the branehes very xri a

L. VII.

562. CXLIY. GRAMINEZ. [ Aristida.

from 1 to 3 in—Trin. and Rupr. Gram. Stip. 163 ; Arthratherum

arenarium, Nees in. Pl. Preiss. ii. 98; Aristida contorta, F. Muell. iu

Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 44.

N. ii tmp Nic hol Bay, Urs. oud. 1

Queensland "s Creek, px e ; j single specimen which seems referrible

rather 2 e than to A. stipoides.

N. S. Fr e Lachlan and Darling to the western boundary, Vie-

p^ ian aud i other Exp edition

tralia. Cud naka and Mu urray ir inn F. Mueller; between Alice Springs

iud à Clari Waters, "Cantril eh ties Giles Old.

Australia, Dr ummond ; York district, ” Preiss, n. ouk Kalgan River, Ula-

fi Ad ` Fraser’ 8 Range, Dempster ; i Ningham country, Mon

Sxcrion II. Cumrarta—Awn not articulate, divided to the glume

into 3 ec the glume itself when barren sometimes twisted but

not theawn. Flow ering glume about as long or longer than the outer

ones.

. Behriana, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 44.--Stems

icing is ually ides 1 ft. below the inflorescence. Leaves subulate

at the end, chen lar dilated at the base and the upper sheaths often

rather AA and loose. Paniele dense, 2 to 3 in. long and almost as

i in.

awns fine and above 1 in. sometimes nearly 2 in

NW. S. Wales. Inthe hinaa interior, A. d Bogan River, Mitchell ;

odere Woolls ; on the Macquarie, C. Moore ; Murrum bidgee, "M Arthur. Audi

Austr St. Vinte Gulf to the Murray River and Lake Hin

F. Mei

. A. leptopoda, Benth.—Stems rather stout, from searcely 6 in

to 3A high. Leaves long and subulate, with rather Proms (ue

sheaths. Panicle very loose, 6 in. to 1 ft. long, with numerous is

rigidly filiform branches at first erect, at length spreading horizontal vh

bearing few spikelets on filiform pedicels. Outer glumes un equal, w

Flowering glume 6 to 8 lines long, on s Jey npe scarcely ciu

stipes, with 3 nearly equal sessile awns 4 to 1 in. long. Palea sm

igid.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Baile, ys UE Hoi ud — ardt ; Peak Down

Burkitt ; Kennedy District, Daintree ak cat mba, > Hartm d River,

ales. Glendon and Lira 1 Plains, Leichhardt ; ; Richmon

Herb. F. Mueller, -

S Cav. Ic. v. 45, t, 471.— Stems done erect 8 i M

to 2 ft. high, or diffuse and much branched. Leaves slender, aim

Aristida. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 563

ell.

; A. ramosa, Sieb, Agrostoth. n. 55; A. parviflora, inn Syn.

Glum. i. 140 (from the char. given).

Queen land, Brisbane —_ Moreton Bay, F. Mueller; Rockhampton,

O'Shancay so mg —

N.S. Wales. Port Jac "eat pi Brown, Woolls ; New England, C. Stuart,

Var. gracillima. Stems long, slender and pem panicle filiform.—Cameroons

Brush, Leichhardt ; Rockhampton, 0’ Shanes

Var. compacta. Panicle short and ERU. but the spikelets and awns quite of

A. vagans.— Warwick, Beker, 1 Nernst.

7. A. sa, RH. Br. Prod, 173.— Xe nearly allied to A. caly-

cina, and Sewn intermediate between that and 4. vagans. Panicle

harrow, with erect or scarcely spreading branches and the outer glumes

as long as the flowering ones or nearly so as in calycina, but

spikelets much smaller, the glumes scarcely above 3 lines and the awns

under $ in. long.

Queen sland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. as qid c Rockhampton,

O'Shanesy ; Herbert's Cree k, Seeman Darling Downs.

Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Fite A, Cunni tmd

New ‘England, C. Stuart ; Cirio River, Bechler ; also in piene dt's collection

Var.? leptathera. Panicle spr ee awns 1 in. long, but the spikelets of 4.

ramosa. Dry. Beef Creek, Leichhard

Var. compacta. Panicle short and dense.—Gracemere, O’ Shanesys

8. A. calycina, R. Br. Prod. 173.—Stems tufted, erect, 1 to 2 ft.

high, Leaves very narrow, mostly subulate. anicle narrow , often

on 6 in. long, "nd 2 short ed Senelies m. at length spread-

Ing, each bearing 1 or 2 or the lower on ral but few sessile or

shortly pe spikelets Spikelets i in the fero form 4 to 5 lines

long without the a Outer glumes with fine points, the 2nd aslong

as or itor than the ovo glume. Awns slender, sessile, 2 to 14

in. long. Palea rather long.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria p vos ens Port Darwin, Schultz, n. m

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Bro rs River and Nerkool Creek, Bow

man; Darling Downs, Law ; Peak Do owns, Burt

N. S. Wales. Between the Darling and Creek, Neilson

Central Australia. Near Alice Springs, ‘Giles OR a looser panicle).

9. A. depressa, Retz; Kunth, Enum. i. 190.—A very variable

Brass, distinguished by its arid ooet ec a and almost im-

bricate alon ng the short erect branches of a narrow compact panicle.

Stems in the Grapa lian specimens eiio or erect, above 1 ft. high.

aves narrow, ending in subulate points. Panicle from 2 or 3 in. long

and spikelike, to 6 or 8 in. and interrupted at the base. ne

564 CXLIV. GRAMINEZ. [ Aristida,

sessile along the branches and often purplish. Outer glumes about 3

lines long. Flowering glumes usually longer. Awns sessile, varying

Kon $ i. 6 lines or rather more.—A. vulgaris, Trin. and Rupr. Gram.

Stip. 1

Queensland. Peak Downs, Burkitt.

Wales, Hunters River, U.S. Exploring Expedition ; also in Leichhardt's

collection,

Widely spread over tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa and the mt

me region, and probably the same as the tropical American A. disp

t Rupr.

49. STIPA, Linn.

Glumes 3, narrow, alee sually persistent, membranous, keeled, ,

empty, unawned; terminal or rire owering glume narrow, rigid, r rolled

round the flower, With a terminal undivided bent awn spirally twisted

below nie bend. Palea enclosed in the flowering glume. Lodicules

di iom Grain narrow, enclosed in the hard upper glum me but free

it and i is TY eiliate with short hairs, the awn is mm or less dis-

tinetly articulate on the flowering glume, but usually remains attache

is.

The genus is widely eset over the Tapiot and fomperaie regions s the mer

and yt Old World. tralian species, however, belong to the group Or 8e to

tion Nesostipa, Trin., which i is exclusively Austr alian, one of po only S" extends

New Zealand, the remaining 14 appear to be all endem

puede. glume rds or spi. airy at the end,

ortly produced into hyaline lobes or entire.

Pda s very small o oneal ‘half as long as the

Panicle branches SE! and oe POEM 4 to gs

ben 1, S. elegantissima.

Panicle Xy uch b ched, glabrous. or slightly i

h mee Spikelets seed 1$ lines lon 2. S. micrantha.

ei p glum a iky cbairy

the id

ng as

der 3 in., usually impiis

of the flowering — very

Outer gh 8. S. flavescens.

: umes j y pointed, above b 3n. lo 1 “white

and cag Lobes of the fi rier glume i

l - more conspicuous : . . 4, S. teretifolia.

Flowering glume silky-hairy, the margins. not dilated

under the awn. Palea n nearly as long iude glume.

Stipa. ]} CXLIV, GRAMINER, 565

Ligula elongated, not cilia

Panicle dense, enclosed E the base in the broad

r leaf-sheath. Awn 3t 0 5 i in. long.

Ligula 2 re 4 lines . . 5. S. compressa.

Panicle ritur loose, ex length very Vy. Aw

in. Li rounded, 1 to 2 lines . . 6. S. Drummondii.

about 2 i

Panicle dense and uo dam 2 to 4 i gn Awn

Ws x in. Leaves rather long, subulate . . 7. S. pyenostachya.

if 8. SS. setacea.

Panicle loo Leaves ve liform

ikola short, “elit, Awn plumose- -hairy i in the

low

Panigs Feeds 6 to 10 in. long. Awn 1} to

long, shortly plumose-hairy all round E is

end or higher up . . 5 9; S. semibarbata.

Panicle rather den se, 4 to 5 in, “Awn about 1 in ^

et 2 middle with long. hairs

urned to . 10. S. hemipogon.

Liga short, ciliate, nene glabrous or slightly pu-

fiver Gas usually slightly ee and truncate

x beets d dem the end. Flowering glume nar-

nar or at Senge long and

0080 . ll. S. pubescens.

Lowest glume usually 3- -po ointed. Flowering glume

rather broad. Panicle aid . 12, S. aristiglumis.

Lowest glume always fine-poin

Bulbous base of the stem duel woolly. Leaves

long, fili form, flexuose 13. S. eriopus.

Base of = — and lower leaf-sheaths smooth

ning. Leaves filiform, hispid with

spre ade . 14. S. trichophylla.

ain slender, wich or ‘pubescent, the upper

sheaths sometimes dilated. Panicle loose . 15. S. scabra.

-1. 8. elegantissima, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 23, t. 29.—Ste

from a horizontal rhizome erect and branching, ri id oa or

slender, 2 to 3 ft. high. Leaves narrow, mostly erect, convolute when

y; gla rous. Panicle very loose; 6 to 8 in. long, at length broadly

awn.. Awn 1 to 14 in. mpra or sometimes even longer. Palea less

than $ as long. as the glume.—R. Br. Prod. 175; Hoo . Tasm.

ii. 111, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 99; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 103.

N.S. Wales From the Lachlan and Darling to the western boundary, Vic-

torian and other Expedition

Victoria. Murray ind “Wimmera Rivers, id Mueller.

asmania? Labillardiére,l.c. Labillardiére's specimen m Capt. —

herb, R. Brown is, however, marked * Nouv. Holl. Sud.Ouest, and the species has

>) other Tasmanian collection

From the Murray to St, Vincent's A. Spencer's Gulfs, F. Mueller

and others ; ence Enola and Fowler's qM

566 CXLIY. GRAMINE £. [Stipa.

WV. Australia. King George's Sound, Barter ; Swan River, Drummond, lst coll.,

also n. 139, 958, 965; Carnac Island, Preiss, n. 1847 ; Murchison River, Oldfield.

. S. micrantha, Cav.? R. Br. died. 175.—Stems a feet

high, not stout but rigid, sometimes spreading or scrambling with the

branches in dense clusters, sometimes fons and little- eerie: yr aves

very slender, the sheaths often long and loos se, gl labrous. Panicle loose

but often narrow, from r 6 in. “to above 1 tt. iong, with very nume-

rous capillary labrous branches. Spikelets the smallest in the genus,

pedicellate on the ultimate branches. Outer glumes linear, very thin,

nearly equal, scarcely 1j lines long. Flowering glume shorter, nearly

glabrous, on a very shor 1 and ciliate stipes, entire at the top, the awn

very slender, about i in. long. Palea not above $ Le rine x the

105; Streptachne ramosissima, Trin. and Rupr. Gram. Stip. 7, who ee

to it Urachne ramosissima, Trin. cosi Unifl. 173, there very insu

ciently described.

Que canland, Brisbane pet Bep; ; Dawson River, F. Mueller; Darling

Downs, Leichhardt ; Warwick, Bec. Lives

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, Brown, Woolls and others; Clarence hiveT,

Sr Wilecoz.

appears to me probable that R. Brown was correct in identifying this plan x ii

on = micrantha described and figured by Cavanilles Ic. v. 42, t. 467, althoug: with he

recent botanists have thought that Cavanilles’ — on agreed better

Somaru sciurea ; peats aue, however, adds to his plate a magnified ‘f dm

ering glum e and awn which is wholly inapplicable to the Dichelachne, but v te)

"d with the present lana) which is also well represented (in its rather ptt A

by Cavanilles’ general figure. The awn is certainly articulate on the glum

therefore not that of rn des

slightly p ubescent. Lower leaves sometimes flat at the base, Mx

otherwise convolute when dry, very narrow or almost subulate, oft

ne in.

a very short, not ciliate. le narrow nse, e

to above 1 ft. long, the erect branches and pedicels glabrous. Ou

glumes 4 to 6 lines long, acute. Flowering glume a ra 1 z

iry stipes, at ines long, silky-hairy, the hyaline m em

margins en a small y cu lobe or tooth on each side 0

awn, often diffeult to diithiguic from the hairs. Awn usually ea

cent, 12 in. long or more. Palea nearly as long as the glume, barry

towards the top. ig Br. Prod. 175 ; Hook. f. Fl. esis: ii. 110.

Victoria. Yarra Tode Port Phillip and Wilson's Promontory, F. Muir;

French den, Beveri Neate.

Labillard dière, Gunn ; Kent's Island, R. dre Kings M, j

s. Australia. Adelaide, Blandowski ; Fowler's Bay, R

Stipa.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 567

a Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown; also Drummond, 4th coll. n,

Preiss's pese (from Cape Riche? or from Snake River?) n. 1856, — by

Nees in, Pl. Pre i 98 to S. erinita, Gaudich., appear to me to be e 5.

Peg ns, of i n ge have the typical inflorescence and foliage. I vm eng ei

the t ich. in Freye. Voy. Bo A : i Qus

following species. Both appear to be sea-coast ak nts nearly E re to ie ach other

: i a r Bay by M o

4. S. teretifolia, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 128. mae ei allied to

B. flavescens, the stems in dense tufts, 13 to above igh. Leaves

long, slender, terete or acieular, sometimes as iei as ps tél ligula

Toad an membranous, entire, deeurrent along the margins of the

sheath. - Panicle narrow, 4 to 8 in. long, not so dense as in S. flaves-

cens. Spikelets larger. Outer glumes pale- -coloured or whitish, usually

above 3 in. long, with scarious tips. owering glume much ‘sho orter,

, the upper hairs long and at length ror the terminal lobes

on éach side of the awn more ir Sieg age in S. flav d though

often almost concealed by the hairs. Awn rarely abov in. long,

minutely pubescent.—F. Muell. [rent viii. 104; Diohelachas stipoides,

Hook. f. Fl. N. Zel. i. 294, t. 66, Fl. Tasm. ii. 112; Dichelachne setacea,

Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 98 (excl. syn.).

rire hoan Port, v ees (Steudel),

Tas George Town prege w tussocks at high water mark, Gunn, C.

inm ; South Port, C. Stuart ; em Port, Story.

"o Preiss’s specimens n, 1854 seem to belong rather to this than to

trali:

the ening speci

Also in New Zealand. I have seen no authentic specimens of Steudel’s plant, but

the character given agrees very fairly with our plant.

often above i in. long, tapering into ine aea Flowering ee

Shorter, pubescent, entire. Awn glabrous, very fine, 3 to 5 in.

Australia. King George's Sound, Menzies ; Kalgan River, F. Mueller ; also

ean

Var. lachnocolea. Lower leaf-skeath villous with almost paleaceous hairs.—Drum-

mond, n, 132,

S. Drummondii, Steud. 7 beer i. 128.— Nearly allied to S.

igiene with the same stature and inflorescence. Leaves usually

568 CXLIV. GRAMIKEJX.: [ Stipa.

ength loose and above 1 ft. long. Outer glumes v

ary size

usually smaller than in S. compressa. Flowering glume silky-villous.

Awn fine, rarely much above 2 in. long.

W. Australia, Drummond, 4th coll. n. 378. This species resembles also at is

sight the var. pubescens of S. scabra, but differs in the ligula, the denser narro

panicle and shorter awns.

7. S. pyenostachya, Benth.—Stems tufted, about 1 ft. high,

slightly bulbous at the base. Leaves erect, subulate, glabrous or

| upper sheath em

ng. lowering

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 121.

. 8. S. setacea, R. Br. Prod. 174.—8Stems slender, 1 to 2 ft. big

or rarely more. Leaves fine and short, tufted at the base of the iate?

those on the stem few with long sheaths; ligula elongated, not ciate,

often broken off from dried specimens. Panicle loose, 4 to 10 in. tong,

» 4 to 5 ma

ong. Flowering glume much shorter, pubescent or villous, entire 3

the top. Awn glabrous, very fine, 14 to above 2 in. long.

long as the glume, often hardened when ripe.—Hook. f. Fl.

110, t. 157.

Queensland. Warwick, Beckler. Jand:

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Castleragh, Woolls; New Ted

C. Stuart, also in Leichhardt's collection ; on the Lachlan and Darling, Burm

i dwards River, F Mount,

Palea as

Tasm. n.

. Mueller. , Arat

ictori Vale in large patches, Robertson ; Portland, AUlit! ;

M‘Ivor, Blandowski.

Tasmania. Launceston, Gunn. y; also

W. A Blackwood River, Oldfield; Champion Bay, C. Gray;

apparently Drummond’s n. 136 (or 961 ?), though the ligula is shorter and Jagg

illous.

Var, ? latifolia. Taller and stouter, leaves broader, the lower sheaths so

Panicle dense. Awns very long and fine.—S. scelerata, Behr. Herb.

S. rere Augusta, Behr ; Crystal Brook, F. Mueller; Murray River, Blan

9.8. semibarbata, B. Br. Prod. 174.— Stems 1i to near 3 ft. higb.

Stipa.] CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 569

aves narrow, convolute, often almost subulate, glabrous or shortly

pubescent, ~ Rhee very short and ciliate. Panicle oblong, rather

dense, 6 to n. long, with erect branches. Outer glumes 6 to 9

lines long, SA ing into very thin long oon eus Flowering glume

silky-hairy, savecly 3 jag long, entire at top. wn — from

under 2 in. to near 4 in. long, shortly s ike hairy to the or

Er aot to the end.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 110; F. Muell.

Fragm. v . 104.

V Mein. Mudgee, Woolls; Berrima, Mrs. €

Yarra River, F. Mueller, Harvey ; Mount M: Ls C. Stuart; French

er “Beveridge

asmania. SLM "mple, R. B : i il throughout the

eat y. -i p o alrymple, rown; abundant in dry soi oughou

gotas eh “Riot Bay, F. Muell

W. Aus g George’ E Sound and Kalgan River, Oldfield; Swan River,

Drummond, be oo; aie n. 116 an

Var. camp ylachne. Awns wane less laid with shorter hairs. nux campylachne,

848.

Nees in Pl, Preiss. ii. 99.— n River, Drummond, 1st coll., Preiss, n,

z have seen two specs imens of Preiss’s n. 1848, in one the awns are as plumose as

e comm -— S. semibarbata, in xe other the hairs pO much shorter, showing an

approach to S. pu sheen A specimen of Drummond’s in herb. Lindley named 7

Nees 5. campylachne has the awns aila binivods end may be S. scabra, but it is

=" E imperfect state.

mollis. A coarser ose ed s- to 3 ft., the foliage usually my p »

les iridis the same.—S. 3, R. Br. Prod. 174.—Port Jac kson, R.

Wimmera, Mrs, Wilson. Si dias s n Agrostoth. n. 60, probably fum: Port

Jackson, are between the common form and the var. mollis.

0. S. hemipogon, Benth.—A rather slender grass of 1} to 2 ft.

fiers long, erect, very narrow and convolute, loosely pubescent or at

length glabrous, ake ligula very short, ciliate. Panicle narrow, rather

dense, 4 to 5 in. lo ong, with short erect ‘branches. Outer LS about

pape

—

€

ted

a m

Es.

l W. A , Drummond, n. 231, 376. Referred by F. Muell Fragm. viii.

04 SPrercthiaye of S. semibarbata.

l. S. pubescens, R. Br. Prod. 174.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. high, with

Arat nodes. Leaves narrow, convolute, the ligula very short,

"Usually ciliate. Panicle rather loose in the typical form, very loose in

Some varieties. Outer glumes unequal, the longest about 3 in., scarious

570. CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Stipa.

110; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 104; S. rudis, nee Syst. Cur. Post. 31;

S.c oieisatà, Trin. and Rupr. Grain. Stip. 4

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson » bon Blue Mountains, A. Brown, Woolls and

many others ; New England, €. Stu

iti toria. Latrobe River, F. Hl.

ania. Swanport, Story ; co n dry soil v oss

T atraia, Duniak and Musing Fara, F. "Mul

Var.? effusa, Panicle very loose and rather long. Mean mall Awns long

ji "oed adir oaches S. scabra, to which it ought perhaps to M referred.

alia. es ds beyond Arrowsmith River, where it covers

the w i ces bein Mong

S. pubinodis, Trin. and ie Gram. Stip. 50, from ‘aaa is referred ji Hooker

to S. pubescens, although the outer glumes are described as all acute and entire, which

is very rarely the case in S. pubescens.

12. S. aristiglumis, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 43, Fragn.

viii. 103.— Very nearly allied to S. pubescens, and should pr robably be

added to its varieties. Habit and foliage the same. Panicle much looser,

spikelets smaller, the outer glume usually produced into 1 to 3 fine points,

the fruiting glume broader ; awn of S. pubescens but usually glabrous.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Bailey ; Darling Downs, Woolis. : :

N. S. Wales. Liverpool plains and Cassilis, Leichhardt ; Hunter's River, United

States — ing Expedition.

Vict Murray and Avoca Rivers, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Wilson.

13. S. eriopus, Benth—Bulblike stock and base of the lower

dy dene woolly-villous, the rest of the plant glabrous or the leaves

nutely pubescent. Stems slender, 1 to 1} ft. high. Leaves long,

ieie, rigidly filiform, very flexuose, the upper ones with long appressed

sheaths ; ligula very short, ciliate. "Panicle narrow and loose, 6 to

in. long, with erect filiform branches. Outer ape narrow, We

into fine points, the lowest often 9 or 10 lines long, the 2nd shorter.

Flowering glume scarcely 3 lines long, slightly hairy, on a long stipes.

Ju von rey eh posé 3 to 4in. long. Palea nearly as long 35

the glu

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. and n. 962.

14. S. trichophylla, ZentA.— Stems slender, glabrous, 1 to 1$ »

high. Leaves tufted at the base of the stem, short a and filiform, t

— about $ in., the 2nd shorter. Awn ca capillary, under 2 in. long;

brous or nearly so. Palea nearly as long as the glume.

WV. Australia, Drummond, n. 122.

. 15. S. scabra, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 31.—Stems in the

Stipa.] CXLIV. GRAMINE,». 571

typical form slender, tufted, 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves subulate or filiform,

rather short, glabrous or slightly pubescent, the upper sheath scarcely

dilated ; ligula very short, more or less ciliate. Panicle very loose, 6

in. to above 1 ft. long, with long capillary slightly spreading glabrous

branches and pedicels. Outer glumes at first almost hyaline, at length,

especially in western specimens, often PUN or rigid, tapering into

long points, the longest about 3 in. lon ues glume a ou

or more. Palea nearly as long as the glum

. S. Wales. Bogan fas Mitchell ; between the Lachlan and Darling, '

era ; Murray isa Dallac

Victoria. Yarra Riv er, F. Mueller; Ballarat, Bacchus.

The gn ceca me i from ` Baig E the short € ligula, from S. pubes-

cens by the more slender habit, the r glumes both with long fine points, and the

long fine UM. appears to be very abundant in ‘the desert country and very Mani

It is ponent by F. Mueller and others that it may be the true S. crinita, Gaudi

ut aritime station of that plant Aims arks' B o and narrow dense ihid

would ; dint rather to S. flavescens, or S. teretifolia

The fi ide are among the principal forms in our herbaria besides the typical

en plan

Var. ritatis Spikelets ers Sere larger and fewer, but I can see no other

difference.—5. Jlavescens, Nee n Pl. . ii. 99, not of Labill. ; S. tenuifolia and

8. poi Steud. Syn. Glum. i ;

Ww. alia. King George's Sound ^ Swan River, Drummond, lst coll. and

n. 220, 379, 391, 960, 963, Men n. 1825; tirling Range and Kalgan ler ;

Fraser s Range, Versa ze A C. Gray; Murchison River, Oldfield ;

Ningham c —

Var 8. iiv eaths Lae ps the upper one loose and broad, embrac-

ing the e oF the panicle ed in S. compressa, but the ligula entirely that of

S. E oM hue Dr en. n. 3715 and 973.

ar. elatior. Stem 3 to 4 ft. high. Lower — aser Leaves broader

d not so closely pb te at the base. Panicle and narrow.—Swan River,

rummond, lst p and n, 959; Murchison mh Old Feld.

Var. striata. Panicle more dense. Outer glumes more rigid, prominently nerved

reba gopi above 4 lines long.—W. Australia, Drummond, n. 133; Murchison

ver, Oldfield.

Var. barbata. Orifice of the leaf-sheaths densely bearded with long spreading

hairs, — W, Australia, Drummond.

50. SPREPTACHNE, R. Br.

Spikelets 1-flowered, on short filiform pedicels in a narrow

terminal panicle, with the structure of Stipa, except that the awn

dm oo with the end of the flowering glume without any articu-

tio

fe ou us are as yet v Orthoraphium

Roylei, Nees in Ann. Nat. Hist oer. 1, vii. 221, trom East Inn rainy a con"

Sener, and may prove to be the same as the A Besides that,

572 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Streptachne.

two or three tropical American plants were first published as specios of Seer

but afterwards removed by Kunth to a section of Aristida having the lateral lo

of the awn minute or obeolete.

1. S. stipoides, E. Br. Prod. 174.—Only known from two very

imperfect specimens, one in Herb. Banks, the other in Herb. R.

glumes 4 to 5 lines long, tapering into long fine points. Flowering

of 2 in. Stam

Hes Endeavour River, Banks and Solander.

SuBTRIBE Il. AGROSTIDEZX. a 1-flowered, paniculate, the

rhachis articulate above the outer glumes and either not continue ued

beyond the flower or produced into a bristle rarely bearing an empty

g ume. Awn ofthe NEM glume terminal or dorsal usually e

— t$

o ES

[e]

£g

"E er

£e

pæ

et-

®©

Aloe Sg or deficient usually thin, more expose

ee ng pou UE than in most Avenace:e.

51. PENTAPOGON, R. Br.

ones shorter and straight. Palea narrow, enclosed in the flow ie

glume. Lodicules a _ Styles short, distinct. Grain enclosed in the

glume but free from

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia.

l. P. Billardieri, &. Br. Prod. 173.—An erect annual, n

under 1 ft. to above 2 ft. high. — narrow, hairy pubesc scent e

rarely "meu Panicle narrow, erect or somewhat iet aie

awn terete,

Hew, i much pe

erect, ‘lightly flattened and 1-nerved. Mook EFL " Tasm. ii. 1

Agrostis quadrifida, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 20, t. 22 (the form

Pentapogon. | OXLIV. GRAMINER. 573

figured an et ea gae starved one); Stipa pentapogon, F. Muell.

Fragm. v

Victoria. Wendu Vale, a ww yer. Bacchus ; Ararat, Green.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, ; Hobarton, Oldfield ; Cheshunt, Archer ;

Launceston, Gunn ; Swanport

S. Australia. St. Vincort’s Gulf F. Mueller ; Barossa Range, Behr.

Var. parviflorus. Out ee aian 2 lines long, inner glume and awn in pro-

portion.—Recherche e Bar, C. Stua

52. DIPLOPOGON, R. Br.

(Dipogonia, Beaw.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, nearly sessile in a dense panicle contracted into

an ovoid-globular head, the rhachis of the spikelet articulate et the

2 outer glumes and not continued beyond the flower. umes 3, the

2 outer ones persistent, keeled, tapering into fine short straight awns.

Flow ering glume scarcely ue above the outer ones, with a rigid

terminal awn up twisted and eurved down, and a short straight

awn on each side of it. Palea as long as the glume, narrow and

hyaline with 9 i ditnddit nerves produced into short awns. ‘Styles

distinct. Grain not seen.

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia. It is in many

Tespects nearly allied to Amphipogon, among Pap pophoree. but is essentially

twisted awn places it rather in Agrostides batt to Pentapogon

l. D. setaceus, R. Br. Prod. 176.—A slender glabrous erect grass

od.

of 1 to 2 p with the habit and inflorescence of Amphipogon turbinatus.

aves narrow. aeo panicle or head ovoid-globular, 3 to 4 in.

W. TES King, @ orge’s Sound and neighbouring districts, R. Brown,

Drummond, n. 262, Preiss, n. 1853, Oidfeld

53. DICHELACHNE, Endl.

Spikelets 1-flowered, numerous in a narrow usually dense ens

the rhachis of the spikelet artieulate immediately above the 2 ou

574 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [ Dichelachne.

derum and not continued beyond the flower. Glumes 3, narrow, the

2 outer ones persistent, membranous, acute, keeled. Flowering glume

raised on a short hairy stipes (rhachis of the spikelet), membranous at

the time of flowering, hyaline and entire or 2-lobed at the end, with a

fine scarcely twisted dorsal awn a little below the end, ee hardened

round the fruit. Palea 2-nerved. Stamens 3 or fewer; anthers gla-

brous. PAER dash. Gsm enclosed in the ie pe palea, free

m the

z ed genus is probably limited to the two Australian species which extend to New

Panicle very dense, the awns above 1 in. long d. numerous bee

and concealing the spikelets . 1. D. crinita.

Panisle rather loose, the awns 6 to 8 lines long ll el po O

ones rather oe with long s sheaths, Panicle very nia and spikelike,

in. long, “the eil iut on the short erect barth but

eet by the numerous long hairlike awns. Outer glumes ue

lines long. Flo eee lame s e gla abrous s, the hyaline tip entire

Prof.

170; zo rain erinita, ‘Tein: A Unifi. 93 ; M. nici

Nees in Hook. me Journ. ii, 414; Dichelachne ' Hookeriana, D.

Forsteriana, D. comata and D. longiseta, Trin. and Rupr. Gram. Stip. 3

to 5 (from the deser. a references) ; also Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 86,

M greet Moreton vd corse ; Armidale, Perr al

S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. B €. Moore and eni North of m s:

A. ‘Cunningham y Howpestio, T i, ng, ides River, Beckler, C. Moore

Howe’ s Island, C. a

Victori hon ‘the Yarra to the western frontier, F. Mueller, Robertson am

Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abundant throughout the island, J. D.

V sema Uxor etnia others.

S. Australia. Rou "nd e Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller, Behr.

W. Australia. orge's Sound, R. Brown, to Swan and Murchison

Rivers, Oldfield, pied n. 118, 130, 131, 380, and at

The species is also in New Zealand.

2. D. sciurea, Hook. f. Fl. N. Zel. i. 294, Fl. Tasm.ii. Bee

158 A.—Stems densely tufted, slender, 1 to 14 rarely 2 2 ft. high, qui :

ocu

ong, the Shachi and filiform

branches abea Oute mes very narrow, about t 23 lines Jong;

the outermost me eae Bini t e 2nd. Fruiting glume pem

more rigid erinita and stel? pitted-rugose. Awns 6

Dichelachne.] OXLIV. GRAMINEX. | 575

lines long, not nearly so crowded as in that species-——Agrostis sciurea,

Prod. 171; Sieb. Agrostoth. n._63; Muehlenbergia ciurea,

Trin. ion. Unifl. 193 ; Agrostis rara, Nees in Sieb. 1, e. n. 70 ; Dich-

elachne Sieberiana and D. vul aris, Trin. an Ru upr. Gram. Stip. 2, 3;

D. montana, Endl. Prod. Fl. Norf. 20 (from the character as revised by

Trinius, Gram. Stip. 1).

ei S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others; New England, C.

uart

Victoria. Loddon River and Wilson’s promontory, F. Mue

bcm mania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abundant riri the island, J. D.

W. Austr alia? Drummond, n. 964, may possibly be this species, but more

eed one of the poorer forms of D. eri inita, which approach it very

Tn rara, R. Br. Prod. 171, from Port Jackson, appears to me to be a slight

variety of D. seiurea with a ded panicle and and fewer spikelets.

x. setifolia. p slender, with almost filiform leaves, the sheaths scabrous.—

Paramatta, Wool

The species is also in New Zealand, and in Norfolk Manna (Hb ORA

Pxdiiher « S ibes the awn as terminal between the two terminal

glume, but Trinius who saw Bauer's original specimen describes it as datos

54. AGROSTIS, Linn. partly.

(Agrostis and Trichodium, Nees.)

Spikelets small, 1-flowered, pedicellate in a loose spreading or nar-

Tow panicle, the rhachis of the spikelet articulate above the outer

The genus as now limited is still very gone Mid hu = ce one and

Some warmer regions of both hainlapbioson Of the four

is introduced only, another is also in New Zealand, a third : appe ars to be identical

with a common North American one, the 4th alone is "strictly end

Palea about half the length of the glume samedi

No awn . l. A. alla.

Palea none or rudimentary (Trich odium).

No awn. Outer glumes above 1 line long. Panicle

narrow . 2. A. Muelleri.

Noawn. Outer glumes about i line. Panicle spreading 3. A. scabra.

Awn nearly basal. Outer ao about 1 line, Panicle

sprea ding . ae . . 4, A. venusta,

576 CXLIV. GRAMINEA. . [ Agrostis.

*1. A. alba, Linz. ; ; Kunth, Enum. i. 219.-—A tufted perennial, from

Panicle

under 6 in. to above 1 ft. high. Leaves flat, narrow. -Panicle pyra-

mida], sometimes rather and spreading, sometimes narrow and

more dense. Spikelets very numerous. Outer glumes, narrow, keeled

acute, about 1 line long. Flowering glume shorter, broad, obtuse or

truncate, rolled round the flower, unawned. Palea very thin and

mus about half as long as the glum

mmon European grass, now said to be naturalised in a few stations in

Victoria F. Mueller, and Tasmania, Story, C. Stuart, e a ord.

purplish. Ootes im very pointed, about 13 lines long, glabrous

or the keel minutely ciliate. Flowering glume much shorter, thin and

hyaline, obtuse, enveloping the flower and grain, without any (or a

minute and rudimentary?) palea. Stamens 3.—d. gelida, F. y fl

in Trans. Vict. Inst. inn, 43, not of Trin.; 4. canina, var. Ho

Handb. N. Zeal. Fl. 3

Victoria. Cobberas Mountains and Mount Kosciusko, at an elevation of 5000 to

6000 ft. F. Mueller.

Also on high mountains in New Zealand,

A. — Willd. bed Pl. i. 370.—Stems slender, tufted, 6

in. to above high. es BK narrow, almost filiform in the

typieal form, ids at s SUR of the stem. Panicle yer ene very

loose and slender, with spreading capillary branches. Outer glumes

narrow, keeled, rather acute, about 3 line long. Flowering dips

shorter, hyaline, broad and enveloping the flower, obtuse truncate

slightly jagged, unawned. Palea none (or very minute ?). Stamens 3.

—A. pa flora, R. Br. Prod. 170; Hook. f. FI. Tasm. ii. 113, t. 188; A.

intricata, Nees in emus Lond. Journ. ii. 413; Zrichodium laxiflor e

ich. Fl. ci Am. i. t. 8; Agrostis laxiflora, Richards ; Kunt

Rev. Gram. 30.

Tasmania. Adventure Bay, Herb. R. Brown ; common in shady places, J. D.

Hooker, C. Stuart

Var. elatior. Taller, leaves flatter and flaccid, panicle very loose and

spreading.

N. S. Wales. Nattai, Mrs. Calvert ; New England, C. Stuart Mueller;

ictoria. Dandenong Banges, Broken River, sources ofthe Goulburn, F. it É

Portland, Allitt.

This has been identified by Munro with a common North American species whi

wide range and has been published under various names, of which

has a

now's € the right of priority, except perhaps a very inappropriate one of

4. A. venusta, Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb pis

slender tufted grass closely resembling the typical p or A. 8

Agrostis. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 577

with still finer leaves. Panicle loose with long capillary branches,

or contracted in some of the smaller specimens. Outer glumes very

acute, about 1 line long. Flowering glume shorter, broad hyaline and

remarkably truncate, envelcping the : flow er, with a dorsal twisted awn,

affixed very near the base and protruding beyond the outer glumes.

Palea none.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ti. 113, t. 159

Victoria. Mm Gr bd) Ballarat, Mrs. gape

Tasmania. undant in dry grassy places, J. D er and others.

W. Aus Modes Perongerup, F. Mueller ; i Bideo River Walcot.

55. DEY EUXIA, Clarion.

(Bromidium, Nees.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, pedicellate or rarely sessile in a panicle either

loose and spreading or narrow and spikelike, the rhachis of the spike-

let articulate above the outer glumes, usually bearing a tuft of hairs

nore th rarely short and ire or m n eficient. Palea de

A oe genus, dem over the warmer and temperate regions both of the

des andthe Old World. Of the fifteen Australian species three are also in New

k :

Té st C any

Deyeuxia ‘they are longer, rt they are never so long asin poena ostis, : ee

Pei allied both to Agrostis and to Deyeuxia, and equally re sig to

Species, is usual) poe not MIN in D. 4

distinguished by iaa der the nam pr uma Cesari yen Her sten very am con-

nected with other species where the peerage

Owering glume very thin, almost hyaline, much shorter

than the "x ones.

P cute se and spreading or in smaller plants narrow.

of the spikelot. produced into a hairy

cme long, unawned. . . . . . 1, D. equata.

VOL. vir. 2P

578 CXLIV. GRAMINES. Deyeuaia.

ipei l} to 2 lines long. Flowering glume

dip rbi or shortly toothed, the ;

2. D. Forsteri.

middl

Spikelets about * lines. Onie glumes ke pA ng

Flowering glume of D. Forsteri. i

ue narrow 3. D. Drummondiana.

— about 3 lines, Flowering glume gla-

with 2 long points, the awn almost : a

"Pests spreading 4. D. Billardieri.

Spikelets ‘about 1} lines. Flowering glume hairy,

with 2 long points, the awn "almost basal. :

Panicle narrow 5. D. plebeia, `

Panicle dense and spike like or shortly branched.

achis of the spikelet produced into a glabrous

or JB ristle or not continued beyond the

Spikes 3 to 2} lines long. Awn almost basal.

Bristle of the rhachis conspicuous 6. D. montana.

Spikelets 14 to 2 lines. Awn almost basal. :

iristle of the usce minute ornone D. quadriseta.

Spisi about lines. Awn nsa ` basal. Ce

ristle of the S hachis minute orn 8. D. cylindrica.

S Myra about 2 lines, Awn above “the middle

ss e back. Bristle of the rhachis minute

uc}

ne . D, minor,

dr. Ned nearly: or quite as long as the outer

bee membranous, often minutely scabrous or

scent.

Panicle — and spikelike. Awn dorsal about

the middle of the €—— glume à . 10. D. densa.

Panicle saa dn and lo wn dorsal about the

cng of the flowering glume but very decidu-

; 11. D. frigida.

Panicle very loos oose. Awn v ery small and straight

above rud Lgs f the flowering glume or re-

d mall point near the summit . . 12. D. scabra.

Panicle eria bert spikelike. Leaves broad. ` Awn

mi "y near the preien of the

flowering glum 3. D. nivalis.

Flowering glume masa as ‘long as the truncate outer

ones, oe very small in a loose panicle,

or with a minute point ae the flowering

ik.

Quia glumes st keeled, rather acute.

Stems under 14. D. Gunniana.

Outer » glumes not ele ti truncate. Stems 1 to o1

. 15. D. breviglumis.

l. D. æquata, Benth.—A weak glabrous grass of 1 to 2 ft. wit s

the aspect of Agrostis seabra. Leaves flaccid, narrow but Ma. Panicle

very loose, 6 to 9 in. long, with numerous capillary spreading bran —_

in regular distant whorls, or the upper ones in twos or threes. Spikele

numerous, pedicellate, smaller even than in Agros stis scabra. uter

glumes narrow, Bere er acute, but little more than 4 line long. Hower

_ glume shorter, broad, truncate, thinly membranous, glabrous, sorte

ttemuded by a few hir Palea narrow. Rhachis produced i$

Deyeuzia.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. 919

emen Em vr a few long hairs.— Agrostis icto, Nees in Hook.

Lon i. 412; Hook. f, Fl. Tasm. ii. 114, t. 159.

sc ads Gunn, the precise station not indicated.

2, D. Forsteri, Kunth, Enum. i. 244.—-A common grass, very

variable 1 in habit, usually erect or decumberit, 1 to 2 ft. high or rather

Queensland. Warwick, ae Dar nem

ales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Sicher arbol n. 81); in the

Seth north of Bathurst, V Cunningham ; New Englan oore, C. diet;

Clarence River, Wilcox ; Lord Howe's Island, Fullagar, the latter with n longer

„Outer glumes, but all the poe with t the normal very hairy flowering glu

ictoria. , Robertson ; Melbourne and mirc dm dist,

F. Mueller and others.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown ; abundant throughout the island, J, D.

Hooker and others

ena, ` Around St, Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller and others

W. A From Esperance Bay to King George's Sound and Swan River,

Dengato, Old) OM. “Walcot, "Dr ummond.

Var. aristata, Outer glume produced into long points,—Swan River, Pries;

Murchison River, Oldfield.

Var. Preissii, Spikelets of the var. aristata, but a smaller plant with fine leaves.

| aiii s rein, N Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 97. —W. Australia, Preiss, n. 1841-— / IT.

Var. leviglumis. Flowering glume nearly glabrous except ma er e eree

m id Js. Wales, Fraser, Vs Cunnin «amd Wendu Vale, Victoria, Robertson ;

the glum e qui te glabrous ps —_— the long points of D. g 9 Red

i Qreok; Gargurevich ; Ararat, G

The speci. originally published by Forster for the New Zealand plant under

the name of ape "plifirwis but as that was then c

changed by Gmelin to A. avenacea, and more appropriately by Roemer Lol A

A. Forsteri, Trinius c transferring the plant to Lachnagrastis rg : e

580 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Deyeucia.

le to retain. Brown, whilst À

of! the rers to the New Zealand ee thought nevertheless that it might be dis-

tinct and gave it the name of A. em ula 1, but already (though not to the knowledgé z

bilis, a t

means of comparison, entered both emula and retrofracta as Australian species of

Deyeuxia distinct from the New Zealand one. s it has now been found necessary

to reunite the Australian with Forster’s plant, it necessarily merges in the n

F. iae steri, nor can I see any advantage in the entirely new “name proposed by

ler.

3. D. Drummondiana, Benth.—Stems erect, 1 to 2 ft. high, leafy

to the panicle, the leaves narrow with rather broad sheaths as in

P 81

laci

umes narrow, at least 3 lines long and tapering into long

points almost awned, the lowest rather shorter than the other.

Flowering glume about 1 line long, hairy, shortly soe unequally 4-

toothed, the awn fixed about the middle of the back, twisted and

projecting beyond the outer glumes. Paleasmalland fiat Rhachis

produced into a short ciliate bristle Mo concealed by the hairs

surrounding the glume.—Dichelachne Drummondiana, Steud.

Glum. i. 120,

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 371.

. Billardieri, Kunth, Enum. i. 244.—Stems sometimes very

Tree and tufted, usually about l ft. high or more, leafy to the F

florescence, which is usually enclosed at the base in the broad sheath o

sometimes much smaller, with long capillary divided branches in regular

whorls. Outer glumes very narrow an inted, about 3 lines long.

Flowering glume not half so long, quite glabrous,

e E r and narrow. "

produced into a hairy bristle.— Arena Hlforis Labill. Pl. Nov. B

1. 24, t. 31; Agrostis vod R Br. Prod. 171; Hook. f.

Tasm. ii. 115,

N. S. Wales. s. Port Jackson, R. Brown ; Clarence oe Wileor.

-Wictoria. Portland, A//i£ ; Port Phillip, Har

emm d ; King's Island, Neate.

ehr.

Klo di New Zealand. This is evidently the lant figured by dene.

although 1 his herbarium contained also the D. Forst iens

: D. plebeia, Benth.—A slender tufted erect grass of 6 to 1 10 in

spparenty annual, Leaves very narrow, almost filiform. Panicl

w but loose, 2 to 4 in. long, the filiform branches scattered or

resi dor "muss erect orslightly spreading. Outer glumes very narro

3nd pointed, under 12 lineslong. Flowering a thin an

Deyeuxia. | CXLIV. GRAMINES. 581

about half as — but with 2 fine teeth or lobes almost as long as the

outer glum Awn attached very near the base, exceeding the outer

glumes. Pies small and narrow. Hhachis produced into a minute

hairy bristle almost concealed in the hairs surrounding the glume.—

> etia jette B. Br. Prod. 172; Didymocheta australis, Steud. Syn.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown.

S. Australia. Crystal Brook, F. Mueller,

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 223 and 310.

does erowded on ui hort erect branches Ores diera narrow,

very acute, rather ded, d to 21 lines long. Flowering giume short,

glabrous, shortly 2- or 4-toothed, the awn attached much below the

middle and exserted. Palea smaller achis bearing but few short

hairs and produced into a a glabrous or r slightly hairy bristle, either very

short or lengthened and occasionally bearing an empty glume or

co ges — Agrostis montana, R. Br. Prod. 171; Hook. f. Fl.

Yictoria. € ton, Sulliva.

mania. Table Mountain ‘(Mount Weng R. Brown; common on the

Sia rest J.D, Hooker ; South Esk River, C, Stua

S. Australia. Lofty and Bugle Ranges, F. Mueller

iseta, Benth —A glabrous ee smooth or sc abrous

a 4 . Br.

Trin. in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser. 6, vi. 366 ; Bro. dn ue.

Nees in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 416; B. lobatum, X a . 415.

S. Wales. Paramatta, Woolls; New England, Perrott; head of the Gwydir,

Leichhardt.

ictoria. Numerous localities from the Murray and Yarra to Gipps’ Land, F.

Mueller and others.

582 CXLIV. GRAMINES. ( Deyeuxia.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; abundant throughout the island, J. D.

Hooker and others,

. Australia. From the hills about St. Vincent’s Gulf to the Murray, F. Mueller

and others, j i

W. Australia. Blackwood and Tweed Rivers, Oldfield ; Warren River, Walcot ;

Swan River, Helmich.

Also in New Zealand,

shortly 2- or 4-toothed. Awa

attached below the middle and shortly protruding from the m

glume. Palea not much shorter than the glume. Rhachis ree

into a minute bristle or more frequently not perceptibly dmi

beyond the ower.—.4grostis cylindrica, R. Br. Prod. 171; Pentapogo

mondii, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 193.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown; towards Cape Riche, Drum-

mond, Sth coll. n. 448; Perongerup, F. Mueller.

Outer glumes about 2 lines long, very acute. Flowering glume Rees

and broad, finely 4-pointed. Awn affixed above the middie 2 s

shortly exceeding the outer glumes. Palea narrow. R F

hairy round the flowering glume, not perceptibly produced beyon

. minor, F. Muell. Herb.

Wictoria. Grampian Range and Wilson's Promontory, F, Mueller.

Tasmania. Southport, C. Stuart,

minutely scabrous-rugose, the awn about the middle of ~ :

twisted and exserted. Palea shorter, very thin. Rhachis wit Vue

long hairs surrounding the glume and produced into a rather long

t & $ B

_ Victoria. Wilson's Promontory, Maroka Valley and the Yarra eee

Mueller, .

S. Australia. Lofty Ranges and Onkaparinga, F. Mueller.

Deyeuxia,} CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 583

. D frigida, F. Muell.—Stems weak and general habit of D.

Mere but usually taller, attaining sometimes 4 or 5 ft. Panicle as

hat species long a with scattered branches. Spikelets

rather larger uter es very acute, 2 lines long or rather more.

Flowering glume not much shorter, 5-nerved, nearly smooth or slightly

scabrous in fruit, fine twisted awn attached a little above the

middle and very deciduous, leaving usually on the fruiting glume à

"en dorsal notch.——4grostis Pin F. Muell. Herb.

Mount Buller, F. Mueller, the Fe ai roe pss flower showing only

the persistent outer glumes, the very few acte ting glumes re hare pat e lost their

wns only showing the dorsal notch ee the midrib halfwa

At ono ery Oldfield ; New Norfolk, Gu

12. D. scabra, Benth—Stems usually weak and decumbent, 1 to

2 ft. long. Leaves flat, flaccid. Panicle loose, asthe: from 2 to 8 in.,

stiff in fruit and minutely soalyrosie-paboacetit, t the awn minute and

straight, attached far above the middle and usually not exceeding the

glume. Palea almost as long, rather broad. Rhachis with few hairs

and produced into a bristle minute and glabrous or longer and hairy.—

Agrostis scabra, R. Br. Prod. 172; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 116, t. 160;

. rudis, Reem. and Schult. Syst. ii. 360; Calamagrostis rudis; Steud.

Syn. Glum. i. 192; A. contracta, F. Muell.; Herb. Hook. f. 1. c. t. 161 ;

A, decipiens, R. Br. Prod. 172; Cinna d Kunth, Enum. i. i. 307.

Queensland. Condamine dei Haritma

= Fre oe Port Jackson, R. Brown ; "Now England, €. Stua

Upper Hume River, Dandenong and Buffalo inui "Tyer's River,

inii s Core F. Mueller.

Cn asmania Adventure Bay, Nelson? in Herb, R. Br.; Upper Huon River,

unn,

northern spec imens have generally rather smaller spikelets than the southern

ones, excepting Brown’s typical e in which they are smaller than in almost any of

ours. I can Lec nothing to distinguish the A. contracta as a speci and

Brown's A. d opan to me to be a slight ape wth narrow Topas

distans, Kunze, raised from Australian seeds in the Leipzig

Garden

redd from. the very lid character given in Steud. Syn. hin. L 176, gU

13. D. nivalis, Benth.—Stems rather stout, under 1 ft. high,

Covered to the iaitovilettpe by the leaf-sheaths. Leaves flat short and

road, rather stiff, crowded at the base of the stem. Panicle dense and

Spikelike, 13 to 2 in. long, rather dark coloured, the short fine awns

Scarcely isco Outer glumes under 2 lines long, very acute,

rather rigid and shinihüg. Flowering glume rather npe sa

but surrounded by the aya a y aT. short rhachis y stipes, the

h e apex obtuse and e cely notched. wn slen nder,

attached below the sud nri Shi arem but little Neca it. Palea

584 OXLIV. GRAMINEA. [ Deyeusia.

rather broad. Rhachis produced into a short glabrous bristle.—

Agrostis nivalis, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 43.

Victoria. Grassy summits of Mount Buller, F. Mueller.

14. D. Gunniana, Benth.—A slender tufted glabrous grass, under

6 in. high, apparently annual. Leaves very narrow, almost sétaceous.

Panicle loose, ovate or pyramidal, 1 to 2 in. long, with capillary clustered

spreading divided branches. Spikelets about $ line long. Outer glumes

scarcely + line, rather acute, with a prominent minutely ciliate pe

[=]

—

D »

£l

Tasmania, Gunn, sent with Agrostis scabra, our specimens much depauperated,

but the one in Herb. Lindl. described by Neesis a full-grown and very satisfactory

spikelets pedicellate. Outer glume scarcely 4 line long, very broad,

obtuse or truncate. Flowering glume nearly twice as long, rather

obtuse, the keel ofte produced into a very short point. Palea nearly

as long as the glume. Rhachis glabrous, continued into a glabrous

bristle nearly as long as the palea

- S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart. This species, remarkable for the short

truncate outer glumes and glabrous rhachis, may not be a true congener. Munro

thinks it might be referrible to the American genus Cinna, which however has not

t satisfactorily worked up and defined.

Aire) produced above them, frequently bearing an empty glume Al

imperfect flower. Awn of the fl ing glume dorsal or terms

between the lobes of the glume, more or less twisted and bent Palea

as long or nearly as long as the glume, with 2 prominent nerves or

keels. Grain enclosed in the raa and palea and free or adnate to the

ea.

96. ATIRA, Linn, (partly).

Spikelets 2-flowered, small, in a loose or rarely contracted panicle

With capillary branches, the rhachis of the spikelet articulate and .

minutely hairy between the flowering glumes and not at all or sc3

Aira. | CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. 585

short, distinct. Grain enclosed in and more or p adnate to the very

thin oy and palea

include pan e Airopsis, on puploris aad others, wine h some botanists stil

retain in it, but then it is difficul en any limits to spared it from Avena on

one side and from desti Meriva an ir Cala chne on the other. T botanists dis-

guish generically almost every species usually retained in Ain

reg loosely naeh almost trichotomous . . . . 1. 4. caryophyllea,

Panicle narrow and dense, almost spikelike . . « 2 A. precoz.

l. A. caryophyllea, Linn.; Kunth, kg i 289.—A slender

elegant tufted annual, rarely above 6 in. high Leaves short and fine.

anicle loose and spreading, the capillary yea ches in pairs or threes.

— erect, silvery-shining. Outer glumes 1 to 12 lines long,

scarious, very acute. Flowering glumes shorter, the dorsal awn

projecting a about a litte beyond the outer glume. — Reiehb. le. Fl.

Victoria. "Various png itn about Melbourne, F. Mueller and others ; Moyston,

Sullivan; vagi Sha

Tasmani ct by.

Tum p over the area of the genus.

ed Er praecox, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 289.—A slender annual of

2 to 4 in. or rarely attaining 6 i " Leaves m short and fine. Panicle

contracted, almost ihe et + to l in . long. Spikelets not very

numerous, erect, Out r ghinies ecarious, shining, acute, 1 to 1} lines

long. Flowering diee shorter, thin and hyaline, finely pointed but

Er bifid, the lowest sessile, the second yo nearly sessile, with a

w short hairs on the rhachis, which ro et to be sometimes produced

ideo a minute clavate bristle. Awn attached below the middle of p

flowering Pu and shortly ihn the outer ones.—hHeichb.

Fl. Germ. t. 94.

reside Pot Lap Walter.

W. Australia, King George's Sound, Oldfield, F. Mueller.

A West European and Mediterranean grass, probably introduced only into

Australia.

* 57. HOLCUS, Linn.

Spikelets 2-flowered, numerous and crowded in an open panicle, the

wer flower hermaphrodite, the upper one male, the rhachis giabrous

and produced above the outer glumes. Outer empty glumes 2, nearly

586 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Holcus.

equal, complicate, keeled, awnless, enclosing the flowers. Flowering

glumes shorter, the lowest awnless, the upper one with a short dorsal

twisted awn.

The genus is limited to two species, spread over the temperate regions of the

northern hemisphere in the Old World, of which one has now become naturalised in

Australia as in South Africa.

lines long, rather obtuse, the awn of the upper flowering glume rarely

reaching their length.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 105; F. Muell. Fragm.

viii. 126.

Now abundantly naturalised about Moreton Bay in Queensland, and in eite:

localities in N. S. Wales, Victoria and Tasmania, F. Mueller and many others.

* 58. ARRHENATHERUM, Beauv.

1, f. 5.—An erect peren-

uial of 2 or 3 ft., not forming large tufts. Leaves few and flaccid.

Panicle narrow and loose, 6 to 8 in. long, spreading when the toma

are open. Spikelets 4 to 5 lines long, the inner empty glume oe!

run long as the flowering ones, the outer one shorter. Lowest mate

point near the apex, but no awn. Grain pubescent.— Kunth, Enum. 1-

307; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 104; Avena elatior, Linn.

Victoria. Now established on the Upper Loddon, F. Mueller.

CXLIV. GEAMINES. 587

59. DESCHAMPSIA, Beauv.

fine dorsal awn attached below the middle, the lowest close above the

empty glumes, the upper raised on a stipes (the rhachis of the spikelet).

Palea prominently 2-nerved, often 2-toothed. Styles short, distinct.

Grain enclosed in the glume and palea, usually free from them.—

Perennial grasses with the shining spikelets of Trisetum and

Aira, usually smaller than in. the former, larger than in the

latter genus.

The genus is generally distributed over the temperate regions of the northern

hemisphere, and is also represented without the tropics in the southern hemisphere.

The only Australian species ranges generally over the generic area.

l. D. cæspitosa, Beauv. Agrost. 91, t. 18, f. 3.—A tall perennial

forming large dense tufts. Leaves stiff, narrow, usually rough on the

upper surface, flat or convolute when dry. Stems attaining 2 to 4 ft.,

although sometimes much shorter. Panicle 4 in. to near 1 ft. long, a

first rather dense, spreading with capillary branches when fully out.

Outer glumes 1} to near 2 lines long, the flowering ones not exceeding

them, truncate and 4-toothed, the awns very slender, scarcely or not at

all twisted at the base and usually shorter than the glumes themselves.

—Kunth, Enum. i. 286; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 118 ; Aira cespitosa,

Linn. ; Reichb. ic. Fl. Germ. t. 96; Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 283.

Victoria. Avon and Omeo Rivers, and Haidinger Range, F. Mueller. i

Tasmania. Frequent in wet places on low grounds as well as in the mountains,

J. D. Hooker and others.

S. Australia. Between Rivoli Bay and Mount Gambier, F. Mueller.

Widely spread over the temperate and coolregions of the northern hemisphere,

also in New i gia.

60. TRISETUM, Beauv.

Spikelets 2- rarely 3-flowered, in a narrow and dense or loose panicle,

the rhachis of the spikelet articulate hairy and more or less produ

: i s and beyond the upper one as a hairy

bristle or bearin terminal empty glume or male flower. Outer

empty glumés unequal, acute, keeled, thinly scarious on the sides.

Flowering glumes more hyaline, keeled, acute or shortly 2-fid, with a

dorsal awn attached above the middle, usually twisted at the base and

nt in the middle. Palea prominently 2-nerved, usually 2-toothed.

Styles distinct, stigmatic from near the base. rain glabrous,

588 CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. ( Trisetum.

ec in the glume and palea but free from them. Seed not

furrowed.

sa genus is generally distributed over the temperate and cooler or mountain

regions of both th and southern hemispheres. The only Australian species

is à widely spread arctic, Jea or mountain one.

1. T. subspicatum, Beawv.; Kunth, Enum. i. 295.—A tufted

perennial, varying from 6 in. to above 2 ft. high. Da flat, glabrous

minal empty ae apa a mde . Fl. Tasm. ii. 119.

Victoria. Munyong and other mountains of the Australian Alps, the ai

Peu "glabrous but some from Mitta-Mitta with pubescent leave

Mue

Tas ia. Common in Alpine localities, J. D. Hooker and others; our

Di nian all glabrous

* 61. AVENA, Linn.

Spikelets few-flowered, in a loose panicle, the rhachis articulate above

the 2 outer glumes, hairy — iow flowering glumes. Giumes scarious,

at least at the top, the 2 outer empty ones lanceolate, tapering to à

point; flowering glumes E shortly 2-cleft at the top, with a ae

dorsal twisted awn, the terminal eur e often small and empty or sae

mentary. Styles distinct. Grain pubescent or a frequent y

Ta to the palea. Seed deeply furrowed.

derable genus widely "vins bi^ the temperate and cooler regions of the

word, ars represented in Australia only by an introduced weed.

*1. A. fatua, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 302.—An erect glabrous

annual, 2 or 3 ft. high; dane a Bt panicle fof large spikelets, hanging

from filiform "ope pedicels, arr anged in alternate branches along

the main axis. Oute r glumes nearly 4 in. grum Flowering gium i

or 3, scarce vos so long, of a firm texture at the base, and covered Ven ^

with long brown hairs. Awn fully twice as long as the spiketet

at the base, abruptly bent about the middle. Ovary

ry.

A common weed of cultivation in all corn countries, probably a native of the he

Mediterranean region, now established as apparently wild in S. Australia an

the Wimmera, in Victoria (F. Mueller).

CXLIV. GRAMINE. 589

62. AMPHIBROMUS, Nees.

ikelets several-flowered, in a loose parteis the rhachis of the

spikelet articulate hairy and slender between the. flow wering . glumes.

Outer empty glumes acute, keeled, with scarious margins, 5-nerved

near the base. Flowering glumes more rigid, prominently 5-nerved,

idd ea

prominently 2-toothed. Styles short, distinct. Grain glabrous,

Doe: inthe glume and palea, and perhaps adnate. Seed dee eply

urrowed.

The genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia.

1. A. Neesii, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 328.—A glabrous erect grass of

20r3 ft. oreven taller in marshy situations. Leaves very narrow in

the smaller specimens, piso in the larger ones, with rather broad

loose sheaths. Panicle 6 to 10 in. long, loose and narrow. Spikelets

all pedicellate, on eapillary pat usually about å in. long without

the awns, 5- to 10-flowered. Outer glumes varying from 2 to 4 lines

in Hook. Lon ijo li. 420; vena nervosa, R. Br. Prod. 178;

Danthonia toni Hook. f. FI. Toon, ii. 121,t. 103.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls

Victoria. Wendu Vale, Roler nig Edwards River, Station Creek, F. Mueller ;

Ballarat, bout Moyston, Sullic :

Tas Port Da es ple, Patilin? Formosa, Gunn; South Esk River

and Batipat, C. ir

a ee St. Vincent’ 8 Gulf, F. Mueller

tralia. King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, F. Mueller,

rtr » sels n. 145, 146, 978, 979 and other

Nees never appears to have published any kei name for this plant. In

Muda s herbarium he has named it A. junceus. Hooker quotes it as A. nervosus,

Danthonia sg Hook. E Fl. Tasm. ii. 122, t. 163, appears to me to

same species, the in a bad state with old flowering glumes more

or less split at the apex between the nerves,

63. ANISOPOGON, R. Br.

Spikelets 1-flowered, large, in a loose but scarcely Lar e. panicle,

the rhachis of the spikelet articulate above the 2 outer glumes and

roduced into a slender bristle ri P Mt nde t bearing an

imperfect spikelet. Glumes 3, the 2 outer herbaceous; floweri

glume dicio qum on a short stipes (the ie of the spike elet), narrow,

convolute, hard, with 3 rigid awns between 2 small hyaline e terminal

590 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Anisopogon.

lobes, the central awn long twisted and bent. Palea hard, ending in a

long rigid 2-nerved point. Styles distinct. Ovary crowned by a tuft

Besides ipy Australian species which is endemic, there is one from

South Afric :

1. A. avenaceus, R. Br. Prod. 176.—An erect glabrous grass of 2

or 3 ft., branching at the base only. Leaves convolute, terminating iu

long, the large spikelets hanging from slender pedicels. Outer glumes

narrow, about 9-nerved, 12 t o 2 in . long. lowering glume about 4 in.

half so long. Palea ps than the entire part of the glume. Lodi-

cules long and lanceolate. Terminal barren spikelet when present small

and silky- -villous. en, Agrost. t. 9, f. 8; Kunth, Rev. Gram. t.

2; Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 6.— Deyeuria avenacea, Spreng. Syst. i. 254;

Dni. anisopogon, rin, Spec. Gram. t. 61.

N. S. Wales. Port J en to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, C. Moore, Mrs.

Calvert ; Clarence River, Wi

64. DANTHONIA, DC.

ones, uter empty glumes 2, narrow, a acute, unawned, Bi

as long as the spikelet. F lower g glumes convex at the back, pei

D-nerve d, with 2 rigid or scarious terminal lobes more or less l- or ?-

nerved at least at the base, and a twisted and bent awn between them

(almost reduced to a point in one species). Palea broad, as long as oF

usually longer than the entire part of ey aeg: obtuse or 2- pointed.

Styles distinet. Ovary glabrous. Grain

The genus extends ever New Zealand, Arai Africa and the tenpe regions of

x aps 1n

cr. I. Micrathera — Panicle very loose. "aenean nearly glabrous, Awn of the

scans glume not exceeding € very short lateral. lobes

Ragesehe 1.10 V... -.7..5,.v.L D paradotk.

Secr. IL. Monachathera.— Panicle almost. reduced to a raceme or very shor

Elnwering on bine park tie es y tevin hard base and ciliate with long hair ;

_ Spikelets distant, in an almost simple raceme. Lobes

ge wn tle tase ghimes ive langpelate, 3 2 or 3timesas |.

as the base . . 9. D. bipartita.

Danthonia.} CXLIV. GRAMINES. 591

Propia few, in a very short panicle. deis of Me

wering glumes not longer than the bas . 3. D. carphoides,

Secr. IIl. Eudanthonia.—-Flowering glume ovoid or oblong at the base, scarcely

Din, ciliate at least at the base. Awn longer than the lateral lobes.

uated eer Ripe s numerous. Hairs of the

g glume marginal and scattered or in longi-

tudinal A n ^ the back; lateral lobes acute or

cely awne

| be rather dense ' Flow glumes very "small,

with copious jm bene Van lobes Aiti short with

long awns, Leaves long and fi

Panicle narrow or Le ders Hover id UA es ; oblong,

with long marginal cilia but very few hairs on the

. D. pallida.

D. longifolia,

ack.

Stems ees 3 to 5 ft. high. eg long, with long

loose she aths. Panicle bra tc P

Stems doder 2 ft. high. pinea rrow. Panicle re-

a single raceme or rd lower pidio

ets

D. robusta.

. D. racemosa.

i ok

wre °

ob ee

-T

Stems under 2 t. high. Leaves very narrow. Panicle

ense 8, D. Pilosa.

Panicle e or rather loose. "Flowering glumes oblong,

ring of long hairs at or below the base of the

orum plies not much exceeding the u€— Leaves

narrow but not setaceous 9. D. semiannularis.

Outer glumes much longer than the ‘spikelet. Leaves

very fine in aru radical t ir

ved small, few-flowered. Flowering glumes ciliate

lon; ng hairs, the a piga not lon t r than

the base. Small Alpine plant . > . . ll D. paucifiora.

. D. setacea.

Plinthanthesis Urvillei and P. tenuior, Steud. thay Glum. from ve Blue

Mo untains, Durville, are probes amongst the plants we hav urs I cannot recog-

nise them from Steudel's chara "Thes may be ill- dealeibad species of reise

but the twisted awn said to be pride to the side of the upper valvula (palea)

unknown in Graminew, and probably a mistake.

N I. MrcngaTHERA.—Panicle very loose. Spikelets nearly

oe Awn of the flowering glume very short.

. D. Peers , R. Br. Prod. 177.—Stems 2 to 3 ft. And Leaves

lo g and narrow, i endi us. kae very loose, * to 4 in. Jong: with

the base, broad, shortly nerved, unawned. Cent sn awn rece ex g

them, a nid abe flattened and brown at n base as in other species,

but rarely long enough to show any twis

Wales. pon Jackson, R. Brown. The almost glabrous — have

N. S,

Beh the appearance of those of a Poa, but the structure is vn that of a short-

awned Danthonia. ;

592 CXLIV.. GRAMINES. [ Danthonia.

Section II. MowacmaTHERA.—Paniele a raceme or very short.

Flowering glumes with a broad obliquely turbinate hard base,

ciliate with long oi the awn shorter or scarcely longer than the

lobes, which are usually rigid.

D. bipartita, F. u TOM i. 160.—Stems from an almost

E us often woolly ba elt 2 Tt. high. Leaves flat but narrow,

simple raceme of 3 kelets few, on short erect distant

pedicels, or r thg Te, pedicels shortly Pu ow with 2 or 3 spikelets.

r E Rer aceous, many-n TY to 8 lines long, tapering

late, very acute, Ea $ to 4 lines long, the central awn scarcely

longer. alea obtuse or truncate-—Monachather paradoxus, Steud.

Syn. Glum. i. 2

N. S. Wales. Darling River and thence to Mount Murchison, Dallachy,

Woolls and others

iá, Drum mond. _ These anari specimens are taller, with larger

rim and fewer flowers th all appear to be referrible to one

3. D. carphoides, F. Muell. Herb.—Stems from 3 or 4 in

high. Leaves very narrow, not long, glabrous. Panicle ovate, ges

o in. long. Spikele ets few, very shortly podion Outer

glumes 4 to 5 lines long, een road, with searious margins Flower-

ing glumes 3 to 6, with a bro id oblique base as in D. bipartita,

the ring of hairs alge broka into clusters; lateral lobes shorter

than the base, the very fine awn scarcely exceeding them,

N. S. Wales. Macquarrie River, C. Moore; Armidale, Perrott ; Cavan near

Yass, Mrs. Calvert.

Victoria. Melbourne, Adamson.

The icr from each locality are very few and the species requires further

investigatio

ton III. Evpanruonra.——Flowering glume ovoid or oblong "

the ee scarcely, oblique, ciliate with lon hairs at least at the base gi

margins. Awn longer than the lateral lobes which are Reque y

scarious, except the central nerve or nerves.

. F.Mueller, Fragm. viii. 135, proposes to unite the whole of od perd: species

Eades r the name of D. penicillata. They appear sometimes to ach nc

respects, and the characters derived from the shape E prey “lowe ied

red ind = lobes and hairs as well as the form of the palea ces require sculiat

research before they can So definitely fixed, - there certainly veral pec

forms, ahi require to be distinguished t as marked races.

4. D. pallida, R. Br. Prod. 177.—Stems 2 ft. high or more, often

Danthonia.) CXLIV. GRAMINER. 593

rigid but not stout. Leaves long, terete when dry, very narrow and

sometimes as slender as in D. longifolia, the sheaths more or less ciliate

at the orifice. Panicle usually loosely branched, pale-coloured, 3 to

6 in. long, Spikelets rather numerous, the outer glumes under 4 in.

long Fi owering glumes 3 or 4, not exceedin outer ones, with

long hairs on the back as well as on the margins, but scattered or in

vertical lines, without the transverse rin emiannularis ;

lateral lobes lanceolate, 3-nerved at the base, often scarious upwa ards,

but the eentral nerve continued to tbe apex or produced into a

point or short awn.—Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 65; Sieb. Agrostoth. n.

84, 85, 92.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson e the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. nonis vay

Woolls and spen New England, C. Stuart; north of Bathurst, A, Cunningham

Shoalhaven C Moore

Victoria. "Ban a Range, NO Mitta-Mitta, Forest Creek, F. Mueller ;

Riverina, ilian ; raan Gre

Tasmania, Rav renswood, Biss sst

W. Australia. King cuiii 8 Dud Baxter ; Blackwood River, Oldfield,

Walcot.

Mes ? subracemosa, Panicle narrow, very little branched. Marginal hairs of =

flowering glumes copious, — the back less so than in the e typical form.— War

wick and Macleay Rivers, Beekle

ft. vts Leaves pe and filiform, poems gid and curved,

quite ‘glabrous without Er cilia at the orifiee of the nahit Pani

dense, PE ona ovate or narrow, 3 to 4 in. E uter plumes

the 2 lobes broad and short, UE with long awns, ‘ard fine as ery "

the longer central one. — Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 83.

Mue

Cres bé ard vrl: "eid z Lye : $n Villi; dp iaga

New rede r3 P eise Macleay Chile dicker:

D. robusta, F. Muell. in Trans. Vict. Inst. 1855, 44, Fragm.

viii. 136.— Stems from a thick horizontal rhizome stout, 3 to 5 ft. high.

eare long, narrow, convolute when dry, glabrous, the upper one with

h secund, 3 t

Spikelets pedicellate, about 4 in. long, 5- to 8-flowered. Outer glumes

Searcely so long, the lowest anes oe the 2nd tapering to a sha

point. Flowering glumes densely ciliate on the margins, with very

few hairs scattered on the back, the lobes broad, tapering into short

ers the central awn long, "fat and much twisted below the

end,

Victoria. Maxon Mountains up to the summit of Mount Kosciusko, Mount

Buller, F, Mueller

VOL. VII, 29

594 CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. { Danthonia.

D. racemosa, R. Br. Prod. 177.—Stems slender, 1 to 2 ft. high.

tines very narrow, almost setaceous, glabrous or ‘sprinkled with

spreading hairs. Spikelets i in the typical form singly and very shortly

ea e or almost sessile and rather distant along the rhachis of a

simple raceme, but sometimes more approximate and ‘the lower pedicels

with 2 piven. Spikelets narrow, erect, under 3 in. long, the outer

glumes nearly as long. spi ering glumes 6 to 8, or more in some

distinct marginal tufts. Lateral lobes in the typical forth broad with

short fine points, but more awned in some varieties.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; Darling Downs and Armidale, Herd.

F. Mueller.

Var. earn E Muell. A smaller plant. Leaves more hairy. etant lobes of

the flow es with scarcely any points,—New England, C. Stua

Var. biar i. Lateral lobes of the flowering glumes broad, but d rather

long points or awns

N. S. Wales. "Head of the Gwydir, Leichhardt ; Bulli, Johnstone.

Victoria. Cobberas, Dandenong Ranges, Curdie's River, F. Mueller; Ballarat,

Bacchus

asmania. Southport, C. Stua

S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf F. Mueller.

Var. vs icillata. inal hairs of the flowering glumes in several distinct tufts

on each side,—.4 jns pe llata, Labill ill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i.26,t. 34 va om the figure and

description) ; D. Gunniana, Nees in Hook. Lond, Journ. ii. 416.— Tasmania, C. Stuart,

Story, Bissill, Gunn

Var. ? mulifira QUEM em 2 together and all approximate. Flowers

rather num e spikelet.— Warwick, Zeckier; Hunters River, Leichhardt ;

New En pind € C. St hve interior d Ss. Australia, F. Mueller

8. D. pilosa, R. Br. Prod. 177.—Stems rather slender, 1 to 2 ft.

ben. Leaves chiefly in radical tufts, very narrow but not so slender

in D. setacea, usually i midi or ka hairy, the hairs sometimes long

and | oa Panicle narrow and dense, not much branched an

metim s almost as simple as in D. racemosa. Spikelets shortly pedi-

lumes about as long; owering

o 8 with lanceolate lobes tapering into fine awns almost as in

Eidem ud but hairy on the margins only, without the transverse

ring under the lobes of that Varie and very few hairs if any o n the

back except at the base.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 120; Sieb. d rice il

n. y.

S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. P :

M cu. = a Deep Uk. T. Haie; Swan Hill, Gummon.

ouai ort Dalrymple, 2. Brown; abundant throughout the island, J. D.

w. Warren River and Kari Dale, Walcot ; Swan River, Drum-

‘Some forms of the species approach in habit the D. racemosa, but the spikelets ate

Danthonia.) CXLIV. GRAMINER. 595

ho e e of D. sels is, excepting in the want af the ring of hairs on the back

th th the lobes. A careful examinati ion of nume m varieties and subvarieties of

toi Teo apacios s may give moreg prenei them, or possibly

Increase or reduce their number.

- D. semiannularis, R. Br. Prod. 177.—A geny plant, the

stems bids 2 to 3 ft. hich, dea sometimes much low Leaves very

harrow, flat or eonvolute, never so fine as in D. set nit the sheaths

glabrous or hairy, more or less ciliate at the orifice. Panicle some-

times loose and spen more frequently narrow and compaet. Outer

in. and eri

the lobes, the twisted awn varying rom 3 to lin. Palea longer than

ced entire scm of the glume, often 2-po inidd: —Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii.

i Trin. Spee. Gram. t. 52; Arundo soniannularis, Labill. Pl. Nov.

Bak i. 26, t. 93; D. varia, Nees sin PI Preiss; di 1083; D. setacea,

ook, f. FÌ. Tasm. ii. Mh not of R. Br.; D. resin Lindl. in Miteh.

Three mes ii. 807

Le eTa Wal P ackson, R. Brown, 2 — Inn Mountains, C. Moore ;

chlan and acting Rivets, Dallachy, Mrs. Forde and o

Victoria. Neighbourhood of Melbourne, yr tar “Han vey ; Grampians, Sulli-

Tas

Dalrymple and Lies Mountain (Mount Wellington), R. Brown ;

abundant th throughout the island, d, J. .D. Hooker an ew os ),

S. Aus t. Vincent's s Gul Ra es and

other

` Cordis ul Swan River, Dr iiir n. 967, p Arme n. . 1834.

The loose-flowered form with the outer gl

g ms dark-coloured app appears to » a,

about Port Jackson and the Blue Mountain , and occas T The

amman n fo orm, Motos Mentis t in the serai Bags mad has usually a s compact

Arrow panicle and the pale or greenish outer glumes often smooth and shinin

» Var. alpina. Stems short and densely tufted. lo dire stout, convolute and

ery glabrous, —Summit of Mount Buller and Bogong Range at an elevation of 6000

‘sa ft., F. Muelle:

315 Avena bipartita, Link, Hort. Berol i. 113 (Danthonia Linkii, Kunth, Enum. i.

), if as is sw pposed of Australian origin, is probably the D. semiannularis.

R. Br. Prod. 177.—Stems vitia tufted, fre-

a radical tuft, but sometimes elongated, i a o or spri with

spreading hairs. Panicl dense, usually narrow but ed, 1 to 2

ln. long. Ou glumes exceeding the flowering ones, 6

tuse than

annularis, —Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 103; D. subulata, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.

ii. oe t. 161; D. cespitosa, Nees, Le. 104, and perhaps of Gaudi-

292

596 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Dan thonia.

Victoria. Apparently common in numerous localities from the Yarra to Wilson's

Rudaning F. Mu ore sieis and others.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; Georgetown and Launceston, Gm;

Richmond, hee gy

S. ia. "Near ama? F. Mueller

w. tralia. King George’s Sound, R Brown, F. Mueller a deer and

ben € iom River, d Drini. n. 968, Prei. ss, n, 1834,

pilosa, Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 51 appears to me to represent rather D. setacea than

a em D. pilosa. D. ces kei Gaede h. in Duperr. Voy. Bot. 408, from Sharks’

Bay, judging from the fig. and descr. in Rane, Rev. ann, t. im ust come very

e re a short loose pore inii

ich he may

3.4

(oje

.®

v vnd

[e]

[77

[e]

Lar

11. D. pauciflora, R. Br. Prod. 177.—A small plant forming low

dense branching tufts of fine rigid leaves not above 1 in. long a and the

stems not above 6 in. or when luxuriant both weaker and longer.

Panicle ovoid, of few shortly pedicellate spikelets, sometimes reduced

to 2 or 3. Outer glumes 3 lines long or rather more. Flowering

fine awns, the hairs chiefly at the base and margins not forming a trans-

verse ring, the central awn rather longer than the lobes or lateral awns.

Palea hte Bank. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 121, t. 162.

mania. Table Mountain (Mount Wellington), R. Brown

Tas Western and

other mountains, Gunn, Archer ; summit of Mount Lapeyrouse, OUfield ; of gu

Field East, F. Mueller

vay eei Stem and leaves much longer than in the typical form.—South-

Var.f Paca F. Muell. Panicle small and narrow. Glumes small, the eal ines

nes with very few hairs and very short awns, but with the short broad lateral lo

of the typic ical Sian

Victoria. Summits of the Australian Alps, F. Mueller,

TnrsE VI. AsTREPTÆ.— Spikelets with several or in a few genera

only 1 or 2 hermaphrodite flowers, the rhachis articulate above the 2

empty usually persistent outer glumes or inarticulate, — pro-

duced and often bearing 1 or more empty glumes above the flowers.

Flowering glumes unawned or with 1 or more terminal fiere awns.

Palea not much shorter than the flowering glume, w! ith 2 pro rominent

nerves or keels. Stamens never more than 3. Styles usually short,

with plumose stigmas.

SUBTRIBE I. PaPPOPHOREX. —Spikelets 1- or several-flowe red in à

dense — head or in a spike or Si pani iele. Flow ering ee

terminal lobes or eoni all unawned or the central one or all tapering

into untwis

CXLIV. GRAMINEE. 597

65. AMPHIPOGON, R. Br,

(ZEgopogon, Beauv. Gamelythrum, Nees.)

Spikelets 1-flowered, nearly sessile in a dense panicle contracted into

a head or short spike, the rhachis of the spikelet ME above the

2 outer glumes, and not eontinued beyond the flow Glumes 3, 2

outer persistent, membranous, 3-nerved, acute or aimee to an awn-

like point, rarely par ; flowering glume raised on a short hairy PM

orawns. Styles united at the base, free upwards. Grain enclosed in

the slightly hardened upper glume.— Perennial grasses with couvolute

terete or subulate leaves.

The genus is endemic in Australia.

Spikelike panicle oblong. uie bet po 3-lobed.

stems slender, u nder 6

Spikelike panicle Selinger: or : oblong, rarely shortened :

into an ovoid head. Outer glumes “entire, rather acute 2. A. strictus.

. debilis.

lobular.

Outer glumes ha ea with rigid pte Flowering glume

ar piris e, awns not protruding beyond the . :

outer glumes. gre candle: sie 3. A. laguroides.

Outer glumes ciliate, with fine points. Flowering | glume

veas sessile, the capillary awns pstendinn yond

e outer glumes. Stems glabro . A. cygnorum.

Outer Memo ciliate, with long ME Flowering glume ;

a long stipes, the fine awns protruding .. . A. turbinatus.

debilis, R. Br. Prod. 175.—A small decumbent or tufted

grass, rarely ets 6 in. eM the stems and leaves almost filiform.

nto 3 awn-like lobes, glabrous or minutely ciliate, the lateral ones

vith harrow aaa margins. "alea deeply 2-lobed.—Aigopogon debilis,

uv. Agrost.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown, Baxter, also Drummond, n.

F. Mueller, Fragm. viii. 201, unites this with A. strictus under the name of 4.

Brownei, m besides the: habit and other iei eae although the vse Mees of

A. strictus may when old split up irregularly, they are never trifid when young as

In 4. debilis.

2. A. strictus, R. Br. Prod. 175.—Stems from a horizontal rhizome

or tufted branching base erect and slender, usually above high.

aves rather short, erect, subulate, glabrous. Spikelike panicle dense,

g£

598 CXLIV. GRAMINEÆ. [Amphipogon.

perfect, the outer one about 2 ee diei inner Hera onger de more

acute. Flow wering glume on the ehort hairy stipes shorter than the

outer glume, with 2 short rows of hairs on the back, divided into 3

rigid ciliate linear lobes or awns longer than the entire part. Palea

narrow, deeply divided into 2 rigid lobes similar to those of the flower-

ing glume. Seed separable from e membranous esp META n

strictus, Beauv. Agrost. 122; Amphipogon caricin . Muell.

Linnea, xxv. 445; A. Brownei, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. "201, partly.

tafira Port Jackson, g T own, Pinih and others; v und. Range A._

Suningians D arling River, Mrs. ; Nandar De Creek, Victorian * Expedition.

eds Glenelg River, Roberts sd » ‘Grampian , F. Mueller. k

ia. Around St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. Mueller and others; in the in

ste Babbage, Giles.

W. Australia. Swan River, Drummond 1st coll., also n. 982 and 987.

Brown’s typical specimens have short erect eon and the cy Je qui n:

ster d above 4 in. long, and a few of the Port Jack specimen: qui

em, but most of the others pass into some of the follower veniddiek

Var. gracilis, Spike narrow with small spikelets, the awns mos ciliate. ae

gracilis, Wess in pt Preiss. ii. 101.—Callitris Plains, Leichhardt; York di strict,

Australia, Preiss, n. 1831 "T

Var. setifer. Spike ovate or ee e-oblong. ‘or cylindrical when young, i

long. Spikelets at om larger than in the typic al form, the ou eia glumes lat

with ri the ck,—Lofty Range, F. Muel P

sere aller v W. Axradien specimens connect this and the following vari

ar. avenaceus. Leaves y Spike 1 to i4 in. long, with rather large E E

—A. avenaceus, E Br. Prod dames) George's Sound, R. Brown, and a

mens from other localities xd. quote

cens i. part ii. 196 estt the styles as distinct. In all the pm Eis

I its examined I have found them united to about halfway up to the stigma

3. A. laguroides, R. Br. Prod. 175.—Stems rigid, me loss

lets sessile, a few of fe = eh ones narrow and barren. Outer glume

nearly equal, 3 to 4 membranous, . lanpeelate hispid wi

long hairs slightly dated h gros base, taperin rigid d ie

Flowering glume paler and thinner, shorter, slightly heey , divide

near the middle into lanceolate lobes tapering into rigid points

not protruding beyond the outer glumes. Pa as long and near * Al

; 2-lobed, with hyaline margins almost produced into additio

lateral: lobes. Styles Mg shortly ited at the base.—420p eu

laguroides, Beauv. Agrost. 122.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, R. Brown ; also Drummond, 1st coll.

Pentacraspe don amphipogonoides, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 151, from Kin g Geor ap

ste y Santo is probably this species, M oi tinguished chiefly by the ake being

Amphipogon. | CXLIV. GRAMINEA. 599

gnorum, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 100. — Rather more slender

than 4. laguroides and quite glabrous. Leaves short. Spikelike pene?

or head Srnceiobaian, about 4 in. long, pale-coloured, the fine points

or awns of the glumes very prominent. uter glumes Wier mem-

ar Psi 2 to 3 lines long, produced into rigid points or awns,

that of the lowest one longer than the glume itself. Pinata ie

silky hairy, the three lobes produced into slender awn-like capillary

points 2 to 3 lines long, and twice or 3 times as long as the entire base.

—A. laguroides, E. Muell. Fragm. viii. 201, not of R. Br t

W. Australia. King George's Sound to Vasse and Swan iar Preiss, n.

1851, Drama, n. 218, 373, 392, 398, Mrs. Molloy, Oldfield and other

. A. turbinatus, R. Br. Prod. 175.—Stems 1} to 2 ft. high, per-

fec a glabrous, oft ten more lea afy than in A. laguroides, the upper

sheaths often dark-coloured and conapicnont EUMD panicle or

ll.

W. Australia. King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, R. Brown,

Drummond, n. 298, 374, 378, Preiss, n. 1849, 1850, Oldfield, Maxwell, F. Mueller,

Gamelythrum denudatum, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. ii. 101, — e specimens with

abortive spikelets only, cannot be identified by the character gi

66. ECHINOPOGON, Beauv.

3, 2

5-nerved, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes Merit the central one ne

into a fine straight awn. Palea narrow. Styles distinct, the stigmas

fro; verd plumose. Grain enclosed in the flowering glume but | free

Z Riad pos is limited to the single Australian species, which extends only into New

l. E. ovatus, Beauv. Seana 42, t 5.—An erect glabrous

grass, fron under 1 ft. to above 2 ft. high. ee flat, very scabrous,

. the asperities reversed on the sheath and back of the blade, erect on

600 CXLIV. GRAMINE. LEchinopogon.

l5]

[^]

£e

Laur]

[an

a oy

BE!

[eis]

8 Hook. t.

Fl. Tasm. ii. 117 ; Sieb. Agrost. n. 89; Agrostis ovata, Fere Labill.

Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 19, t. 21; R. Br. Prod. 171; Cinna ovata, Kunth,

Enum. i. 208; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 106 ; Echinopogon Sicbevi, Steud.

Syn. Glum. i. "183 (from the reference to Sieber er).

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Bailey ; head of the Gwydir River,

Fishia dt.

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to e Blue Mountains £. Brown, Woolls, C. Moore

and others ; northward to New England, C. Stuart ; Cla ren e, Macleay and Hastings

Rivers, Beckler and ord Sak ha ae to Illawara, pA OS

Victoria. Yarra River, F. Mueller and others; Ballarat, Bacchus; Red J acket

Creek, Gargurevich.

Tasmania, Labillardiére ; ag eigen the island, J. D. Hooker.

= qs Lofty Ran

W. Australia. D^ UM: A odios River, Walcot.

In some specimens several of the — especially in the im rk of the head,

appear Fio contain only a male flower or to be reduced to the y glumes, the

interior of the spikelet may, owed in many cases have dia fallen away.

67. PAPP M, Sehreb.

Outer glum es membranous, many-nerved, pop as long as the

spikelet. Flowering icine? broad, membranous, with 9 or in pyran

not Australian more nerves produce into more or less plumose awns.

ea 2-nerved, as long as the dps or E Styles distinct. Grain

s the Australian species, which e almost un one of them extending

to New uiis. there are a few African of the same section, and sev veral from

America, with more numerous awns to oora glume.

Outer glumes 1 to 2 lines long, 5- to 9-nerved . . . . . 1. P. nigricans.

Outer glumes 3 lines long 11- to 21-nerved pr. 202, P. MEN

Pappophorum. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. GOL

& similar smaller one with a male or Purses flower, and 1 or 2 still

smaller empty ones.—JZ. pallidum, R. Br. 1. c., Kunth, Rev. Gram. t.

if. pm ied and P. grusi I Br. e., gri

Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 4 P flavescens, Lindl. in Miteh.

Trop. ei 34; P. virens. Lindt. HH 360; P. commune, T. Muell.

m i. 20 0.

ustralia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R, Bro een Victoria

River, Eb : T T oss Bay, and Dam E rs Archipelago, Walco

d and Kep Bay, R. Brown ; Port Curtis,

M'Gillivray ; King’s Creek, Bow man; Peak Do owns, uda

S. ‘Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown and others. In the interior to the

Darling and vae mbidgee, A. Tri hea Mitchell be others ; “Liverpoo ol plains

and d New diee , €. Stuart.

a. Pordland, Allitt ; to Snowy River, F. Mueller.

Mi yE d Spencer's Gulf, R R. Brown; St. Vincent's Gulf to the Murray,

e Mueller and others; in the interior Lake Eyre, Andrews ; Charlotte Waters,

W. A tralia, King George's Sound and neighbouring districts, ÆA Cunning-

ham, Dru site n. 966, Dempster.

Also in New Guinea, M'Gillivray.

. S

rather narrow duri with the stouter larger rae ee a dee with

oe oy spikes, but, on going through the long series of specimens before me

in differ stages of development, I fa va Z sorting them into vom varieties, and

felt obliged to follow F. Mueller in regarding them all as species, with the

exception of the following about which I T feel some doubts.

fully 3 lines long, with numerous nerves, usually more

and sometimes as many as 21. Flowering glumes — closely

imbricate, the outer ones with a fertile flower enclosing lor 2 2 with

feed ue sometimes a second fertile) flowers and 1 or 2 ud empty

glumes

Victoria (Barcoo) River, Mitchell ; Murray and Darling Rivers,

ie Wales.

chy, Mrs. Calve rt and others.

pected Lake Eyre, Andrews ; between Alice Springs and Charlotte

Waters, Giles,

602 CXLIV. GRAMINEX.

68. ASTREBLA, F. Muell.

mpty glumes 2, glabrous, acute, many-nerved, unawned. Flowering

glumes silky-hairy, 3-lobed, the central lobe witha broad base tapering

The genus is limited to Australia, It is certainly nearly allied to Danthonia,

but the terminal untwisted awn or central lobe of the glumes places it amongst

Pappophorez, whilst the inflorescence is rather that of Chloridez.

2 to 3 in. boutas long as the lateral lobes . . 1. A. pectinata.

Spikelets at some distance, almost erect in a secund spike of

3to6in. Awn much longer than the lateral lobes, Ros

Simightorhooked . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. A. triticcidet,

l. A. pectinata, F. Muell. Herb.—An erect glaucous grass of 1

to 2 ft., glabrous except sometimes a few hairs at the orifice of the

sheaths. Leaves flat, ending in long points, smooth or scarcely

scabrous, Spikelets sessile in the alternate notches of a secund spike

of 2 to 3 in., closely imbricate and turned to one side. Outer glumes

to 5 lines long, glabrous, acute, 9- or ll-nerved, with scarioUs

margins. Flowering glumes 3 or 4, the entire part scarcely 1 line long,

densely villous outside as well as the broad base of the middle lobe;

lateral lobes semilanceolate, glabrous, rigid, 4to 5 lines long, acute; 2-

i i central lobe broad,

. . Mueller.

Queensland. Warrego and Curriewillighee, Dalton. us

N. S. Wales. Darling River to the Barrier Range, Victorian Expedition.

Central Australia. Lake Eyre, Andrews.

2. A. triticoides, F. Mull. Herb.—Very near A. pectinata,

K cera a taller plant, the leaves more or less scabrous or ciliate e

the edges i 3 to 6 in. long. Spikelets alternate, not closely

imbricate and often almost erect and at some distance from each other

Outer empty glumes y very unequal, the lowest short, the 2nd

or 5 lines long, Flowering glumes shorter, the lateral lobes shorter

and more rigid than in 4. pectinata and the awn much exceeding them,

Nw,

Astrebla.] CXLIV. GHAMINE.E. 603

the dorsal hairs appressed and silky.— Danthonia triticoides, Lindl. in

Mitch. Trop. Austr. 365.

N. eam coda Cds F. Muelle;

Que Daw Riv Mue in; ; Curriwillighee, Looker ; Warrego,

Barton; 2 Tinder Br p SrA Dur River, Dallachy.

N. etween the Darl ng and ee s Creek, Neilson.

Baoan Mie Charlotte Nalern Giles.

Var. lappacea, Vies usually thicker, the pad e glume often 4 in. long.

I of the flowe glumes usually longer than in the typical form, often bent

ut and some or pata all with a rigid hook at the end but exceedingly variable ;

ica

arcoo, Mitchell Downs, between the "Darlin ng and Cooper's Creek, Lake s hal bu

tna few specimens seen from each locality, = often at first sight unlike

other.

69. TRIRAPHIS, X. Br.

Spikelets several-flowered, in a terminal panicle, the rhachis of the

nisle wabeuinte above each glume, the terminal glume rer empty

witha male flower. Outer empty glumes unawned, entire or the

2nd occasionally notched with a short point in the notch. Flowering

glumes wi row lobes tapering into straight awns, the central

small teeth. Palea narrow. Styles distinct. oio enclosed in the

thin or coriaceous glume and palea, free from the

The genus is limited to Australia.

deo! soft and dense, Flowering glume with a

nted lobe or short awn on each side = stl central

1. T. mollis.

Panicle ] loose. _Flowering’ glumes coriaceous, with 3 entire |

awned lo

Stems mà leaves glabrous. lumes under 2 lines

long. Flowering glumes shorty silky- ege . 2, T. pungens.

dna iun iod leaves glab rous. Out reis quini : bs jip

ong, Flow 1 e keel with a

oaie 20 nig of short iy sire 5 . 3. T. bromoides.

Ste - Hy. Spikelet of 7.

ay tee: ees à lower 1 So sheaths — di T vu . 4. T. danthonioides.

Panicle very ] Fl lumes coriaceou with 3

cle very lon e r poin owering s » . 5. T. microdon.

l. T. mollis, R. Br. Prod. 185.—A glabrous rather slender erect

grass aitadting 2 ft. but sometimes much smaller. Leaves long and

narrow, ending in fine points. Panicle narrow, dense, 6 to 10 in. long,

With a soft look owing to the slender awns and hairs of the glumes.

Spikelets erowded on the short erect branches, narrow, about j in.

long without the awns, with 8 to 10 or even more flowers.

604 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Triraphis.

awn 3 to4 lines long, with a pointed ey or short awn on each side,

the lateral awns rather aber er.——F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 108.

N. alia. Arnhem’s Land, F. 2 ; yen cbe Walcot.

. Que and. Thirsty Sound, /3 Brown ; fina dcs M'Gillivray ; ;Rock-

ath pre "t Do hhur districts, O' Shanda SY et

N. S. Wales River, Mitchell ; Darling ive to Cooper’s Creek,

Victorian and other opali one.

Victoria. Wi ra, Wilson.

Central Australia. Alice ce Springs and M‘Donnell Rs Giles.

W. Australia, Drummond, a single panicle in Herb. F, Muell.

Var, humilis, 6 to 8 in. high, with flattened leaves and a panicle of 2 to 3in.—

Lake Eyre, Andrews ; north of Fowler's Bay, Giles

. pungens, R. Br. Prod. 185.—A glabrous slender grass of

about 2 ft, TAU at the base. Leaves chiefly in the lower part,

narrow, 3 to 4 in. long. Spikelets 4 to 5 lines long without the awns.

Outer empty glumes glabrous, narrow, coriaceous, 3 lines long or rather

more, entire. Flowering glumes shorter below the division, coriaceous,

shortly silky-pubescent, ed 3 awns nearly equal, all entire and slightly

o ted and rigid at the bas

ustralia. Islands of RS Gulf of ete R. Brown; Victoria River and

Sen zen F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz

T. diantha, F. Muell, Fragm. viii. 125, from Escape Cliffs, Hulse, is founded on à

single st tarved at which a DEY to me to bea state of T. pungens with the

spikelets reduced to 1 or 2 flowers

3. T. bromoides, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 108.—A taller p

stouter grass than T. pungens, quite glabrous. Leaves terete, eree

rigid, pungent-pointed, with rather broad sheaths. Panicle very c

but narrow, above 1 ft. long, with erect capillary branches and penu x

Glumes narrow, coriaceous, the outer empty ones nearly } in. long, t :

lowest entire, acute or shortly pointed, the 2nd with a finer pos

and a small lobe on each side. Wlowering glumes shorter below the

division, the midrib fringed with a do row of short fine spreading

hairs, the awns 3 to 6 lines long, rigid and dilated at me base, -capillary

at p

denies: Dr "mmond, n. 128; Murchison River and Geograph Bay;

OL tid.

moides, in others smaller. Outer glumes varying from di? M

Flowering imr always with the double row of hairs on the midri

in T. brom

WV. Australia, Drummond, n. 74, 207, 345.

Triraphis.) CXLIV. GRAMINE, 605

T. ? microdon, Benth.—An erect glabrous grass of 2 or 3 ft.

Leaves narrow, flat or convolute. Panicle very loose, with long

capillary branches, bearing each 1 to 3 large flat spikelets, on capillary

e ; ikelets

pedieels, at fi rect, at length pendulous. Spi - to 14-

wered, 2 to 1 in. long, the rhachis with a tuft of short hairs under each

flowering glume. Outer empty glumes narrow, acute, keeled, with or

without a faint nerve on each side. Flowe ii glumes distant from

each other, about 4 lines long, rigid with 5 very prominent nerves,

of which the 3 rincipal ones produced into pee terminal points or

teeth, the. central one rather the longest.

N. S. Wal e Mountains, C. Moore. Munro thinks that this grass is

incorrectly d i T eraphis, bui í can pagar ts no nearer affinity.

70. TRIODIA, R. Br.

and palea, free from tet

The Australian species are all endemic, and include the troublesome prickly d

grasses, sent by early collectors with the name of * Porcupine Grass," but, now more

im erally and disagreeably known to explorers by that gr^ Spinifex,” totally dis-

mnected however ‘with the botanical genus Spinifex. Besides t he Australian apoase

t common Bur European grass and a few African ones have been referred to the genu:

modia.

Leaves yen pungent, the sheaths usually viscid. Flower

ing oe s silky-ciliate, divided nearly to the middle

"E d le

Panicle ea and spreadi Spikelets dark, 4 in. lon

- to 12- owered - m " s i 1. 7. Mitehelli.

Panicle narrow and dense. ` Spikelets pale coloured, 3

to 4 lines long, about dmg ered 9. T. pungens.

Panicle long narro inei nse. Spikelets pale coloured, j

very numero er3 3 lin 3. T. Cunninghamii.

Leaves very punge eid the sheaths not viscid. Flow dis

glumes silky-villous at tbe base € 3 sets of 3 nerves

each, leading to 3 small — . 4. T. irritans.

Leaves not pungent. ` Flowe pev mes s glabrous "or

p SL 2 with 3 short oia y acute teeth, Panicle

glume almost nerveless below theteeth 5. 7. procera.

Spikelets 12 to 24. ce long, 3- or 4-flowered. Nerves

= the € D continued below the teeth

to the TR

Spikelets $ to 3} lines long, about i dba

Flo pesa

606 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Triodia,

very much looser, 3 t n. long, with oad dediti more or less

icke the vied ones l1 in. long with 3 or 4 pedicellate

spikelets, the ones iine with or 2 ee Spikelet

about 3 lines long. Flower ering glume s 2i ines lo ng, 3- ner ana the

Trop. Austr, 340, not of R. Br.

Queensland. On the Maranoa, Leichhardt ; near Mount Pluto, Mitchell,

T. pungens, AR. Br. Prod. 182.—A rigid scrubby more or less

P ER grass, ereeping or decumbent and branching at the base, the

fo owering stem 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, convolute, r i m very

cute or pungent-pointed, usually i in the specimens seen 8 to 6 in. long.

udis 3 to 6 in. long, narrow and almost spikelike, the ose er erect

branches rarely 1 in. long. Spikelets 3 to 4 lines long, pale- cleaners

with about 6 flowers. Outer glumes glabrous, er under 3 line

ong. Flowering glumes rather shorter, the enti e base broad, with

long silky hairs at the base and margins, but few on gs back, hardened

and almost nerveless i in. fruit, the 3 lobes broad, glabrous, rigid, acute,

nearly as long as the entire part, and each one more or less distina bs

nerved in the centre. Paa as long, t nerves u^ -—

prominent or na rrowly winged.— Festuca Tania, F. LIE

Chatb. EU 59, Fragm. viii. 129.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Henne ; North-west

coast, A. Cunningham.,

N. S. W.

ale All over the N. W. interior, 4. Cunningham, but no specimens

of his with any precise station

Central Australia, Gosse, with shorter very acute lobes to the flowering glume.

This and th di d os owing species certainly appear to be very — "

although the form of the fl wering glume is about the same in all three. P^

abundant as these Triodia Rt they are said to be but rarely found in Mei and the

specimens we have are too few to Tasio fairly of their specific relatio.

3. T, Cunninghamii, Benth.—Leaves 2 ft. high or more. Leaves

fea pet rigid with the sheaths more or less viscid as in 7.

, but much longer, and in one specimen the lower sheaths are

ciliate with Se nae! hairs Panicle narrow, dense, from a few inches

ng. Spike under 3 lines long, very numerous, nearly

birie on the erect ol mostly about epte Flowering

Damien ooaroe y exceeding the outer ones, hairy at the base, divided 3

near the middle into 3 acute lobes as in 7. pungens, but very muc

Triodia.] CXLIV. GRAMINEJ. 607

N. Australia. Cambridge Gulf, N. W. coast, A. Cunningham.

Queensland. Suttor Desert, F. Mueller. apparently the same as Cunningham’s

plant, but only a single specimen seen.

branches, mostly 3- or 4-flowered, 4to 5 lines long. Outer glumes

glabrous, acute, 5-nerved, 3 lines long. Flowering glumes not quite so

irritans, F. Muell. Veg. Chath. Isl. 59, Fragm. viii. 129.

N. S. Wales.

Victoria. North-west Deserts, Lockhart Morton and o

. Australia. South Coast, R. Brown; Gawler River, Behr; Flinders Range

and Mount Remarkable, F. Mueller, and probably the ** Porcupine Grasses ” of the

southern interior deserts of Australia belong generally to this species.

Murray and Darling Deserts, Victorian and other Expeditions.

hers.

5. T. procera, R. Br. Prod. 182.—Stems many feet high. Leaves

long, pungent-pointed, the sheaths slightly viscid at the orifice in

i ’s with long loose sheaths, but

the structure of the spikelets the same in all. Panicle rather loose but

N. Australia. Arnhem S. Bay, R. Brown ; Upper Victoria River, Hooker and

Sturt's Creeks, F. Mueller.

microstachya, R. Br. Prod. 182.—Stems tall. Leaves

6: T. ya : :

long, convolute and usually pungent-pointed. Panicle very narrow, 6

1 ft. long, with very numerous small spikelets on erect slender

crowded the base, the rhachis usually very scabr Spikelets

nearly sessile, 3- to 5-flowered, 1$ to 23 ! ng. Out es

nearly as long as the spikelet, acutely acu e. Flowering glumes

i ve

obtuse, the central more acute, the 3 nerves distinct nearly to the

N. Australia. Islands off Arnhem's Land, R. Brown»; North-west coast, 4.

Cunningham; Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller.

608 CXLIV. GRAMINES.

SUBTRIBE Il. CnronrpE z.—Spikelets l- or several-flowered, usually

sinall, sessile in simple secund or unilateral spikes, which are either

solitary or digitate or scattered on a common rhachis. Flowering

glumes usually keeled, entire and unawned or with 1, rarely 3, un-

twisted awns.

71. MICROCHLOA, R. Br.

Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, sessile on one side of a simple slender

spike, the rhachis of the spikelet articulate above the outer glumes,

and not produced beyond the flower. Outer empty glumes 2, linear,

membranous, nearly equal, persistent, the lowest flat with a prominent

midrib, the 2nd keeled. Flowering glume shorter, broader, thin and

hvaline. Palea nearly as Jong, narrow. Grain smooth, enclosed in the

glume and palea, free from them

The genus consists of very few species spread over the tropical and subtropical

regions of the New and the Old World, the Australian species having the gene

range of the genus. The very thin and reduced flowering glume and palea connect

it with Andropogoneze, but the articulation of the spikelet is above not below the

outer glumes.

1. M. setacea, R. Br. Prod. 208.—Stems slender, tufted, from 3

or 4 to 8 or9 in. high. Leaves convolute when dry and almost filiform.

Spike 1 to 3 in. long, verv slender and curved. Spikelets appressed ?

the rhachis, rather more than 1 line long. Outer glumes narrow and

N. Australia. N. Bay, R. Brown. Not seen in any other Avante

collection and the above character taken from Indian specimens, where it 18 y

spread, as well as in tropical Africa and America

72. CYNODON, Pers.

Spikelets 1-flowered, awnless, singly sessile in 2 rows on one side wi

slender spikes, digitate at the end of the peduncle, the rhachis of the

spikelet articulate immediately above the outer glumes, and either ret

produced beyond the flower or continued into a minute point behin

narrow or rather broad, the 2 nerves prominent, distant or closely con-

tiguous. Grain smooth, enclosed in the glume and palea, but free from

, A genus of very few species, and perhaps none really distinct besides the Austra-

lian ones, Of these one is a common UL emos oviral hot countries, another

Cynodon.| CXLIV. GRAMINE X. 609

ea p to be the same as an East Indian one, the two others are, as far as known,

Flowering fume longer than the outer em Palea folded,

with a small bristle or point behind i - 1. €. dactylon.

Flowering glume much shorter than the MES ones, and no

point behind i

owering glume pare Palea with 2 prominent

istant nerv . 2. C. tenellus.

Flowering og ciliate with long hairs on the keel and

margins. ea very narrow, the 2 nerves closely

ntiguous, arang a ciliate ke el 3. C. convergens.

ume i

shortly Meine Toni short, of a glaucous green. Spikes 2 to 5,

above 1 line long, broadly boat-sha ete the keel belly minutely

ciliate. Palea narrow. Rhachis of the s pikelet produced into a point -

or bristle shorter than the glume, and o iu very minute.—R. Br. Prod.

187 ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. id Reichb. Ic. F. Germ. t. 26; Panicum

dactylon, Linn. ; ; Sibth. Fl. Gr. t. 60.

Queensland, Po rt Curtis, M'Gillivray ; Moreton Bay, F. Mueller and others;

ee = ine Sei districts, det anesy, see Spine:

N. rt Jackson, R. Brown and others; New England, C. p

Richmond Bie. aa Hodgkinson ; jr bini Johnson ; Lad He owe's Island, Fi

Yarra River and Port Phillip to the Murray, Robertson, F. Mueller and

others (ery alte SV = inni 2 spikes

St. dip to the Murray, F. Mueller and others.

vo s Sound and adjoining districts, F. Mueller, Old-

feld, P, eiss, n. 1844, p eedit » n, 346.

Var. pulchellus, lus, F. Muell. Flowering glume ciliate ón the keel with long hairs.—

Murray River, Dallachy.

The species is a common and troublesome weed in all hot and some temperate

écris be although rae generally spread over the settled. sett of extratropical

a b it may have been introduced with cultivation as suggested in R. aeg

2. C, tenellus, R. Br. Prod. 187.—Stems creeping and rooting at

the base as in C. dactylon, but usually much longer. Leaves narrow,

rather E Mie sender, 4 3 s 6, nm 3 to 4 in. long in Mueller's

Specimens, in Bro Out glumes about 1 line long,

narrow, rata iba with a E podani ciliate keel. Flowering glume

shorter and not broader, obtuse, pubescent, the wc of the S kia

not produced behind it.—C. altior, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 113.

N. Australia, Arnhem S. Bay, R. Brown ; Upper B apiid eye E In

VOL, H R

610 CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. [Cynodon.

Kunth's plate 133 of his Revis. Gram. is generally quoted for this species, and po

t a] 2 y

some mistake of the artist, the figure itself represents a totally different plant,

Pennisetum cenchroides.

C. convergens, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 113.—A decumbent or

creeping grass with the habit of C. d ri ny specimens

shortly erect, sppamuy without stolones, glabrous except a few hairs

at the orifice of the sheaths. Spikes 3 or rarely only 2, 1 to lj in.

long, the rhachis flat and rather broad ; spikelets normally in 2 rows

but alternately curved inwards so as to appear almost uniseriate. Outer

glumes lj to nearly 2 lines long, narrow, glabrous, the green keel

prominent and sometimes bearing a narrow whitish wing, the glumes

airs, Palea very narrow, the 2 nerves closely conti 1

consolidated into a single one, ciliate with long hairs, the rhachis of

the spikelet.not produced bebind it.

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F, Mueller.

N. S. Wales. Cabramatta, Wooils,

4. C. ciliaris, Benth.—A dwarf species, with the creeping habit

of C. dactylon, the erect flowering stems 2 to 3 in. high in our specr

mens. Leaves short, the sheaths ciliate with long fine spreading hairs.

Spikes 2, 1 to 15 in. long, rather more rigid than in C. convergens.

Central Australia, Charlotte Waters, Giles.

73. CHLORIS, Linn.

_ Spikelets 1-flowered, awned, singly sessile in 2 rows on one side S

eua: spikes, either solitary or digitate at the end of the peduncle,

the rhachis of the spikelet articulate immediately above the ers

glumes. Outer empty glumes 2, keeled, persistent, awnless. F pie x

ing glume produced into a straight awn, entire or with a too

palea and bearing 1 or more empty glumes, all awned and usually with

their ends on a level with that of the flowering glume.

A rather large genus, widely spread over the warmer regions of the globe.

the nine Australian species one only has been ciency wanted with a common

Chloris. } CXLIV. GRAMINER. 611

m. ara African one, another comes near to an Indian species, the remainder are

Spike solitary, slender. Flowering glume n nit 20. ew 4. €. wnispicea.

ame A ign slender. Spikelets acute. Flowering glume

a tooth lobe or short awn on eu side of the

Spikes pa mo 1 in, a Lobes of the flowering E

> ENR 2. C. pumilio.

Spikes Pope ne 2 to 3 in long. Spi kelots closely approxi-

ate and regularly satinato, Flow we oo 2-fid,

unawned, usually scabrous 3. C. pectinata.

Spikes 6 to 12 o 3 to 6 in. on ;

ueni dae crowded, 2 lines long. Flowering gine

e tooth or point o on each side of the . 4. C. divaricata.

Spikelets Setai, 3 pce Flower o: ue tape

into the awn r very min utely toothe 5. C. acicularis.

Spikes digitate, slender, 3 vi 6 in. long. Spikelets very obtuse

or truncate,

te cuneate, truncate, 1 to 1i lines long. Flowering

me oblong, obtuse. Upper yf one broad, trun-

6. C. truncata,

ads very obtuse, m to 2! lines. Le en glume very

embracing the aes ptyone . . . . 7. C, ventricosa.

Spikes digitato, dense, 1 to 2 in. lo

ge Bs Peas rather acute. Upper empty

Muse sk mnis trunc Me . 8. €. barbata.

Flowering glume broad, rigidly " scarious, ciliate. Upper

empty glumes several, E scarious, very spreading. 9. C. seariosa.

least 2 lines long. Flowering glume on a hairy stipes, narrow, thin,

aintly 3-nerved, tapering at the top, nearly as long as the e b nies

entire, fo a ag of 2 to 3 lines. Terminal empty g

Queensland. Hie Creek, Bowman.

2. C. », R. Br. Prod. 186.—A small glabrous grass, our

omens 4 to 8 in. high, with the bise of a Cynodon. Spikes 3 to

5, about 1 in. long. Spikelets narrow and crowded but all turned to

N. pe Islands off the north coast, R. Brown; Norman Nov c

612 ^ CXLIY. GRAMINER. [ Ohloris.

3. C. pectinata, Benth.—Stems 1 to 11 ft. high, with the flat

leaves and loose sheaths of C. barbata. Spikes 7 to 14, 2 to 3 in. long,

the spikelets very numerous, narrow, elegantly arranged in a single

dense row. Outer glumes very n rrow, almost subulate. Flowering

glume very narrow, smooth or scabrous, acartely ciliate, with 2 narrow

lobes acute or produced into very short points, the intermediate almost

dorsal awn very om 3 to 4 lines long. Terminal empty glume bifid,

with a dorsal aw

podes. Cashmere, sb with purple awns and rather eges awns.

Central Australia. Charlotte Waters, Giles, with pale-coloured aw

The species is intermediate as it were between €. pumilio and C. divaricata.

. C. divaricata, R. Br. Prod. 186.——A glabrous erect tufted grass

of Y to 2 ft. Loken narrow, flat or convolute, the sheaths often much

numerous but not crowded, rarely 2 lines lon ;

Outer glumes unequal, very narrow, ipie pointed. Flowering g:ume

— keeled, Senerved, e fine awn 3 to 6 lines long, with a point

the flowering glume.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Air (a tall form with long awns). ra

Queensland. Keppel and Shoalwater Bays and Broad Sound, R. Brown; bow Z

icin and sro ghee districts, ow man, Thozet, O’Shanesy and others; More

ton Bay, C. Stu

cicularis, Lindl. in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 33.—A glabrous

erect ate of l to 2 ft. Leaves flat, the lower sheaths broad and flat-

tened. Spikes 6 to 12 or even more, at first erect but at length hori-

zontally spreading as in C. divaricata, 3 to 4 in. long, slender and eu

purplish. Spikelets rather distant. Outer lumes martoi = keele

about } in., with sometimes but not always a short point on each

side at the base. Palea long, narrow, prominently 2-nerved.

nal empty glume with an awn sometimes as long as that of the flower-

ing glume but usually shorter.— OC. Moorei, F. Muell. in Linnea, XXY-

444.

N. S. efus In the interior, Mitchell ; Armadillo, Bar ton ; Murray Eee a

arling Rivers to Lote Western frontier, Victorian and other expeditions ;

Leichhardt’ s collate

S. Australia, Head of St. Vincents Gulf and Murray River, F. Mucller ;

near Lake Eyre, mag JU aie Springs M Charlotte Waters Giles.

W. Australia. rs Range, Demp

Nearly allied to but appears distinct from the E. Indian C. Roxburghiana, Edgev.

6. C. truncata, F. Br. Prod. 186.—A glabrous erect grass 5

to 3 ft. Leaves usually flat but narrow, with flattened sheaths. Spi

Chloris. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 613

6 to 10, slender, 3 to 6 in. long, at length porponta prodi, Spike-

lets numerous but not crowded, cuneate, 1 to 14 lines long without the

awns. Lowest outer glume very small, almost setaceous, the 2nd nar-

row and fine pointed, about as long as the s spi . Flowering igne

oblong, obtuse, keeled, slightly ciliate, with a fine awn of 3 e ines.

Terminal empty lume much shorter and broader, raised to the level

of the flowering glume and flat- toppe; giving the spikelet its Ria

truncate form. — Kunt h, Rev. Gram. t 178.

dent d River and Bokhara d Leichhardt.

. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown and cthers ;

abundant in i ds West Interior, 4. Cunningham i: puppe others ; New England, C.

‘tuart ; Hastings and Clarence Rivers, Beckler thers

s. Australia. St. Vincent’s Gulf, F. M io:

Specimens ed Darling River in Herb. F. Mueller have denser spikes not ex-

eeding 2 in. inlength, but do not otherwise differ from the typical ones. The

Species has beds long in cultivation in Continental Botanic Gardens as ap-

peared as a gardens at Constantinople, and is n as C. elongata,

ed in kitchen

Poir., and C. dolithostacks ga, Lag. . and described by Trinius; Gram.

the latter name partly from garden, partly from Port Jackson specimens, Pcir

: fr

station for €. dolichostachya. — have no spec rom

T A eae neither of Poiret nor of Lagasca are priar for identification, but, as

as they go, apply well i ye plant.

CO diy hne KR. Br. Prod. 186. Be bg sak gie taller 107

pikes 5 to

vaN dark-coloured. Flowering giant brad. very obtuse, embracing

jr RE, :

e tru

nate, the awns of both much m than the

spi ikelet.—C. adt “Lindl, in Mitch. Trop. Austr. 3

gig ae Bokhara ER Leichhardt ; Bowen Downs, Air

s. Richm Me I Bro Armadillo, Barton ; Wein interior,

4. "is orien ; Bogan ee M itehell.

Var. tenuis. Stems 1 to 13 ft. high. ps short and narrow. vate to 5,

about 2 in. lon ng. Spike lets smaller longer awns, but with the vd

flowering gl glume embra racing the barren te tec one A in the typical T tria. Rol

hampton, O' Shanesy ; Nerkool Creek, Bowman.

Another long-awned form a rag of 3 to 4 in., from Cabramatta and Ash

Island, JFoolis ; Bowen Downs, B

terminal empty glume instea

in. | to 13 lines long, narrow,

- ong ter g : r

thin — hyaliue, ‘the 2nd keeled REN tapering into a fine poin

614 CXLIV. GRAMINER. F Chloris.

Flowering glume not broad, membranous, keeled, ciliate at the end with

long oa and cinta so on the margins, vatiir acute, sometimes

notched, the awn very fine, to 4 "lines long. pone inal m

glume Yay obtuse or truncate, slightly emarginate, the awn nearly

as ni a x of the flowering glume. — QC. decora, Nees in Steud. Syn.

Glum

Central Australia, Gosse; Stephenson’s River, M‘Douall Stuart (single

specimens in Herb. F. Mueller).

2 empty glumes

. eue is a widely spread Ei pus one, though usually with

above the flowering one, the above quoted C. ty mis however, from East

— F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 85.—Stems erect, slender but

d, o 2 ft. high. Lyse narrow with subulate points or almost

entirely flat in the um r specimens, glabrous, Spikes 4 to 6, dense

1 to 13 in. long. Spikelets sessile, 3 to 4 lines long. Lowes t jume

raised on a hairy rhachis of about 1 line, rather above 1 line long, pie

broad and concave, Barra 3-nerved, ciliate with long hairs at ni

end, with a fine awn of 2 to 3lines. Terminal empty glumes ate

(4 t 7), the leset, iu broader than the flowering one, 5- to 7-n :

at the base, hyaline and not ciliate, very spreading and at leng :

rigidly scarious, iin upper ones gradually smaller sessile and not €x

ceeding the outer ones.

N. Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Muelle; Dont

a AME Rockhampton, O Shanesy ; ; Gracemere, Bowman ; Bowen ,

There are one or two East Indian species with mde scarious empty glumes, a

they do not exactly correspond with the Australian

74, ELEUSINE, Gertn.

(Dactyloctenium, Willd: Acrachne, Nees.)

Spikelets several-flowered, flat, imbricate in 2 rows along one side :

the digitate or scattered branches of a simple panicle, the rhachis 0

a loose membranous pericarp, which either persists round

KEleusine.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 615

ripe seed or Pee up and falls away or otherwise disappears as

the ovary enlar

A small widely um tropical genus. Of the three Australian species two

— weeds in warm countries, the third extends over tropical Asia and

n pee is short. Spikelets very closely packed, y

very pointed, the 2nd outer one almost

cu De evanescent . 1. E. egyptiaca,

Spikes digitate or with one i lower down, 3 to 3 in. ` long. aa

_ Glumes obtuse. Pericarp persistent . 2. E. indica.

Spikes € 12, scattered or the upper ones s digitat . Glumes

, the flowering ones with a -— tooth on each

tide e the point. Pericarp sior Potens . 3. E. verticillata,

1. E. egyptiaca, Pers. Syn.i.82.—Stems tufted or creeping and root-

ing at the base and short] y ascending like the Cynodon dactylon,or rarely

above 1 1 ft. high. Leaves flat, ciliate, flaccid, with long points. Spikes

Cynosurus egyptius, lige Spec. 106; “Fea eot

E: Kunth, E ; Eleusine cruciata, Lam.; F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 111; Æ. radulans, R. Br. Prod. 186; Dactyloctenium radu-

lans, Beauv. ; unth, Enum. i. 262.

ustralia. Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown, Gulliver; Sir Char les dient Be

Ian, Henne; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Victoria River, F. Mueller ; Dampier

pripelng 0, Walcot.

Booby Island, Banks and Solander ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;

Hibat, and Nerkool Creeks, Bowman ; Gracemere, O'Shanesy; Balandool River,

Lockyer ; Barcoo, Schneider.

N. S. Wales. Darling River and Maranoa, Woolls.

Central Australia. Near Lake Eyre, Andrews, Giles.

A common weed of warm countries.

. E. indica, Gerin. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 272.—A coarse erect tufted

grass 1 to 2 ft. high. Leaves narrow, the sheaths epis m dis-

tichous, ciliate with a few long hairs. Spikes 5 to 7, 2 to 3 in. long,

digitate, with usually one inserted rather lower down, t He achis

prominent on the upper or inner side, the spikelets loosely Mdisicite

on the opposite side. Each spikelet 1 to 2 lines long, containing 3 t

5 flowers. Glumes obtuse, the lowest small and 1-nerved, the 2nd

empty one and the lower flowering ones usually 3-nerved. Pericarp

persistent, very loose and membranous, enclosing rugose seed.

616 CXLIV. GEAMINER. [ Eleusine.

Trin, Spec. Gram 715. E: mun Fragm. viii. 112; E. marginata,

Lindl. in. Mitch. Throo eG

Queensland. Moreton Bey, Leichhardt, Bailey; Rockhampton, O'Shanesy,

Thozet ; ; Nerkool (hod Bowma

N. s. s. Tweed pvo C. Moore, Eaves.

À common tropical and subtropical weed.

3. E. verticillata, Rozb.; Fl. Ind. ed. Me et Wall. i. 846.—An

erect annual of 1 to n ft., with the habit of Æ. indica. Leaves flat,

n e ed sheaths. Spikes or pace randi 6 to 12 or

—F.

0; tochloa serit

an racemosa, unth, num. i. 272 ; pet ds enses dit Nees 1

Herb. "Wight, n. 118 and 1760.

. Australia. Dampier's E Sos dE and Exmouth Gulf, JFaleot.

recen Bowen River, Bow;

Widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.

viii. are E. racemosa, Roth, Des Sp. PL

75. LEPTOCHLOA, Beav.

The genus is generally spread over tro me = subtropical regions both in the New

and the Old World. Of the three Austra s is epe cies io are also East rd the

verdi erg They have been p faved d he one in Cynodon, the tw jor

ies gps from both genera more in inflorescence than in the ulii 0

spikele:

levels 5- or 6-flowered. Flowering glumes rather

Spikes dense, mostly crowded at the end of the rhachis . 1. L. subdigitata

Spit slender, scattered along the long slender rhachis. 2. L. chinensis.

elets 1-flowered. ane glumes acute. Spikes

slender, scattered along the long slender rhachis . . 3. D. polystachya.

Leptochloa.] OXLLV. GRAMINE. 617

L. subdigitata, Zrin. in Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 210.—An erect

rigid usually glaucous grass, attaining 4 or t. Leaves short, with

rigid rather loose sheaths. Spikes or panicle-branches.6 to 10,

I at se es of the peduncle with usually 1 or 2 lower down, 2

smaller, especially the low torpe Palea folded. Grain oblong, ee d

smooth, the pericarp very thin and adnate.—Poa digitata, R. Br.

182 ; : Jletieine digitata, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post. 36; F. Muell. Tnm

viii. 112; E. polystachya, F. Muell. Fragm. i. 216.

Ss Australia. Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller; Upper Murchison and Warren

vers, Walcot.

Queensland. Suttor River, F. Mueller ; Gracemere, O° Shanesy ; Darling Downs,

E S. Wales. Glendon and Cassilis, Leichhardt ; Armadillo, Barton ; Lac hlan

MAE Fraser ; Castlereagh River, Woolls ; Darling River to Cooper’s Creek,

Central Australia. Lo Donnel Ranges, Giles.

W. Australia. Upper Murchison and Warren Rivers, Walcot.

2. L. chinensis, Nees; Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 209.--Stems from a

ye and rooting base ‘ascending to 20r3 ft, glabrous and usually

slender. Leaves narrow, flat, tapering to a oint. Panicle 6 in. to

specimens dde 2 in. ele sessile or ecd so, distant or rather

crowded, narrow, 1 to 2 lines long, usually 4- to 6- owered. pater a d

chinensis, Kæn.; F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 132; Leptochloa rirka,

Rem. and Schult. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 270; Poa decipiens, R. r. Prod.

181; Eragrostis decipiens, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279.

Queensland. Keppel B ay, R. Brown ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, eae nfi

C. Stua rt Bailey ; Bokhara Flats, Leichhardt ; Roc khampton and neighbo g dis-

tricts, Bowman, YO Shanes, esy.

N. S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart.

Generally spread oe East India and Eastern Asia. he i bly in the

Patna ife ioi arcely above : line long and distan her specimens about

2 lines long and ewe approximate, and in the palea p tenen or ciliate on the

„Toa imbecille, R. Br. Prod. 181, (P. asthenes, Roem. and Ln ult. Syst. ii.

974; viis rin — Steu is n. Glum. ^ Ad f Broad Sound, R. Brown,

is differ t from imbecil a, Labill. be merely a weak slender

variety of Daiba Ameo 5 vidi few Peur qoe 2d the panicle,

618 CXLIV. GRAMINEA. [.Leptochloa,

crowded in along narrow simple paniele of 8 to 10 in., the common

rhachis cow flattened and striate. Spikelets 1- flowered, nearly

sessile. Outer glumes Ż to nearly 1 line long, acute, with a prominent

glabrous or nlightly ciliate keel. Flowering glume rather shorter,

inteira, R. Br. Prod. 187; F. Muell. va vii, 113, €. pe

vip

. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown; Victoria River,

F. y ers Etheridge and Gilbert Rivers, m

bodie d. Burdekin River, Bowm

Also in Ceylon and in the E. Indian Peninsula, I have been able to retain

Doin e spacio name, as the American n Diplachne iiil is, aene Iren

polystachya by Kunth, is generally retained -— the former Our species

has been usually placed in Cynodon, on accou fthe 1- "isi peri Mos the

numerous spikes crowded on the long rhachis y hs panicle give the p a very

different aspect from that of the digitate Cynodon, and there are one or two "e

species of Leptochloa, in which the flowers are occasionally on constantly

reduced to a single one.

76. DIPLACHNE, Beauv.

Spikelets several- often many-flowered, linear, sessile or very shortly

pedicellate, but distant along the rhachis of a simple spike or of the

A genus of few species, generally s € "es the warmer regions of the po

Of the four Australian — on Jm n range in the Old World, and 18 at

probably the same as an Am virer nis one, an See is sed allied to if not identi

with an Indian one, the. two others appear to be endemi

Spike slender, erar ; Vater Re M ME

Spikes numerous in le pani anicle.

— pected lines long, 8- to 12-flowered.

of long hairs under vm

Spikelets way dark-ooloured, " lines long or rather

erai bichos re than 6 flowers, rhachis glabrous, or

Spikelets Tight tour, scarcely 3 Tines long, with usu- :

6 flowers : 4, D. parviflora.

2, D. Muelleri.

3. D. fusca.

1. D. loliiformis, F. Muell. —A slender Spent annual erect

grass, usually 6 to 8 in. but a few specimens above 1 ft. high. Leaves

Diplachne.) CXLIV. GRAMINES. 619

Spike slender and simple, 2 to 4 in. long, on a long peduncle

arrow, 3 to 4 lines long, 6- to 12-flowered, the r achis

hairy round the flowering glumes. Flowering glumes about 1 line long,

glabrous, 3-nerved, the central nerve produced into a fine poi

shortly exceeding the hyaline lobes.— Festuca or Leptochloa loliiformis,

F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 128.

Queensland. Morcton Bay and Charley's Creek, Leichhardt ; various localities

about Rockhampton, Bowman, O Shanesy.

entral Australia. Between Alice Springs and Charlotte Waters, Giles, the

Specimens rather more robust.

The species is closely allied to an apparently unpublished East Indian one.

N. Australia. Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller.

Central Australia. Charlotte Waters, Giles.

3. D. fusca, Beauv. Agrost. 163.—A glabrous erect grass of several

feet. Leaves narrow, convolute when dry, with long loose sheaths, the

Linn. ; F, Muell. Fragm. viii. 127 ; Leptochloa fusca, Kunth, Enum. i.

271 ; Triodia ambigua, R. Br. Prod. 183 ; Uralepis fusca and U.

Drummondii, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 247.

N. tralia, Victoria River, F. Mueller.

Queensland. Keppel Bay, R. Brown ; Bokhara Flats, Leichhardt.

N. S. Wal c liver, A. Cunningham ; Darling River, Mrs. Forde.

Central Australia. Lake Eyre, Andrews

W. Australia, Drummond, n. 388.

F. Mueller appears to be right in identifying this with a widely spread African

species; which Po also in Bast India and is very little different from the original

American D. fascicularis.

620 CXLIV. GRAMINEA, [ Diplachne.

D. parviflora, Benth—A glabrous erect grass of 2 or 3 ft.

Leaves convolute, with long rather loose sheaths, the ligula jagged.

Panicle narrow, eae varying from 3 to 10 in., with long e erect simple

branches. Spikelets s very numerous, sessile or nearly so, 3 nes

ong, very niia 5- to 7- uter glumes about 1} lines

long. Flowering glumes rather shorter, glabrous on the back, the

margins ree em lateral nerves scarcely distinct, the keel produced

into a short point, the lateral hyaline lobes adnate to it almost to the

top. surge abi hehe R. Br. Prod. 182 ; Festuca Brownii, F. Muell.

Fragm. viii. 129

N. Australia. Arnhem S. Bay, R. roig is MODE West Coast, E With

the latter uim are some short barren stems with short spreading rigid leaves,

ut they may not ped to the same bunten, as ge sheaths are slightly viscid and

there is no jagged li

nearly similar, unawned or with one untwisted awn. Palea often as

large as the glume. Grain free.

appear to me che ys ted and not un wired gro Ms d have been

generally dae d in pori Soa. and Festucaceze, bui th ey have igre

he esee pedicel < the first, nor the twisted awn and reer us alea of the

77. SPOROBOLUS, R. Br.

(Vilfa, Beauv.)

Spikelets small, 1-flowered, nearly sessile or pedicellate in a narrow

spikelike or loose and pyramidal panicle, the rhachis of the spie

I n

Styles

from the glume, the pericarp loosely enclosing the seed or very

and evanescen

The genus is widely spread over the tropical and € more temperate region de

both the New and the Old World. Of the six Australian vx Mur have a gore

range over the area of the genus, a third extends over Saat, In a, the three ot

appear to be endemic, but come very near to some Asiatic nse d ji

.. Beauvois, and after him Dice: have replaced Brown's name Sporobolus by P

y Adamson, on priority, but Adamson’s character is far too veers

Dieupniscd us generic, and of th e two species of Caspar Bauhin's which he

Sporobolus. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 621

to, p. 618 of his * Familles," one is said by Bauhin to be a common weed of culti-

vation in Germany, Belgian m and England, the other a very tall European aquatic

or marsh grass with a large panicle. "Neither therefore can well be congeners of

Riven’ s Sporobolus

Panicle narrow, spikelike, continuous in interrupted, the

short erect branches flowering from the base.

Outer and flowering glumes wey equal Leaves

usually short rigid and sprea l. S. virginicus.

Outer ee unequal, shorter thane the flowering one.

Leaves rather long . S. indicus,

Panicle narrow, es with short spreading ‘scattered

branches 3. S. diander.

Panicle loos ely "pyramidal, the branches spreading in

nt whorls.

Spikelets ky pedicellate, min

rigidly ciliate. Glum . pulchellus.

maa sey A a e AR

Le E bog at all or minutely cialis Glumes narrow,

M eu LEE 5. S. Lindleyi.

Spikelets o PM sessile, crowded along ‘the branches 6. S. actinocladus.

l. S. virginicus, Kunth, dp. . 210.—Stems much branched

and leafy at the base i.

igh. Leaves short and Ns often very spreading, convolute when

dry, rather rigid, glabrous or ciliate at the base. Panicle rather dense,

llinelong,the 2 outer and the flowering one similar or the lowest

rather smaller. Palea rather longer, the 2 nerves close together so as

to represent a broad keel, but very readily splitting showing an inflex

margin between the nerves. Grain broadly obovoid, the very thin

pericarp separable when soaked but undistinguishable in the dried

state. — Agrostis virginica, ae Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 20, t. 23 ; R.

Br. Prod. 170 ; Vilfa virginica, Beauv. ; Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 48.

Queensland. Port Curtis, M‘Gillivra

ue ME Near salt marshes, Woolls ; beach near Bulli, Joh

Vict Port Phillip, R. “Brow n; along the coast from the Ober to Snowy

River, Robertson, F. =. and o

rt Lincoln, $ pi n; ron Spencer's and St. Vincent's Gulfs,

F. dueller ando iners; Fowinr'a Bay, Richard.

rom E George's "Hin d, R. Brown and others,

Esperan Bay, iced ster, to Swan and Murchison Peck Drummond, n. 143, 373,

Preiss, n. ~ 1841, Oldfield and iet Sharks’ Bay, Milne

Var? pallida. Taller, ware above 1 ft. high; leaves narrower and often more

erect; spike looser, 2 to 4 in. long, the idus qunm -— and pale coloured,

Munro is inclined to think that this may be a distinct spec

N. tralia, Gulf of Carpe Brown ; Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller ;

Port nar Sita: weed n. 615, 749, 49, 764, rag n. 212, with the foliage of the Med

form but ut the sp e 2 to 4 in. in. long. ng, broad and dense

Paes of Wales Island, A. Brown ; Brisbane River, Bailey ;

Greek, O' Shanesy.

P. . S. Wales. Richmond River, Mrs. Hodgkinson; Darling River, Dallachy,

rs. Ford,

622 CXLIV., GRAMINE. [ Sporobolus.

lia. Murray River and Cudnaka, F, Mueller; Charlotte Waters,

erts y peres Giles.

e species is widely spread over the warmer — of the New and the Old

World, extending into South Africa and North Am

. S. indicus, R. Br. Prod. 170.—An erect e: bo: of 1 to

2 S glabrous except a few cilia at the nia of the leaves. Leaves

chiefly at the base of the stem, narrow, ending in fine fre the upper

ones few with long sheaths. "Spikelike uud very narrow, 3 to 8 in.

eve

interrupted. Spikelets very numerous, erowded along the very short

t almost imbricate or distant branches. Outer glumes nimon

ada obtuse, 1-nerved, the lowest cn. 5 line, the 2nd 2 line long

flowering glume about 1 line, of a firm r consistence, broad but Mino

Trin. ae Vif. 68; EEA e Jens Be auv. Sunth,

d. Brisbane ee Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, Bailey, C. Stuart;

Rockhampton and neighbouring districts, Bowman, O'Shanesy and others; Bowen

owns, Birch.

Wal Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Sieber

in eget w 78) and others; Macleay River, Beckler ; New England, C. Stuart ;

sw eres Eaves; Mudgee, Taylor; Bulli, ‘Johnson; Lord Howe's Island,

Victoria. Port Phillip, Mitta-Mitta, etc., F. Mueller.

coser Australia. Alice Springs, Gi les.

W. Australia. King George's Sound, F. Mueller,

Generally spread over tropical and subtropical America, Africa and Asia, ex-

tending into Norfolk Island and New Zealand.

diander, Beauv.; Kunth, Enum. i. 213.—An erect glabrous

grass of 1 to 2 or even 3 ft. Leaves chiefly A the base, narrow, ~

about. 3 line, the other shorter. Flowering glume longer, slightly

keeled, obtuse or almost acute. Palea broad, obtuse, pst 2-nerved

and not so readily splitting as in the other species. Grain broadly

on the pericarp not readily pindi —Vilfa erosa, Trin, Agrost.

emm Moreton Bay, Leichhardt, C. Stuart.

S. Wales. Macleay iver, Beckler ; Tweed River, Guilfoyle.

Sporobolus.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 623

Widely spread in East in dia. This appears to be the true Agrostis diandra of

Retz an nd König, as determ ned by Kunth and others, and as d p ed by Künig's

Specimens in the British Muss, although in Indian as we in Australian

specimens there are Sener E stamens. The Vilfa diandra, Trin. or Sporobolus

diander, mec f. Ecl. arum ,is a different plant described and figured from

garden specimens, hav M M — glume as long as the flowering one and

probably more constantly diandrou

4. S. pulchellus, R. Br. Prod. 170.—Stems tufted, 6 in. to 1 ft.

high. Leaves chiefly at the base, flat or keeled, broad or narrow

rather Sed bordered by ns eilia tubereulate at the base. Panicle

: unth, Rev. 1

narrow-leaved form and the ie Tomirkibie cilia are not represented) ; Vilfa

pu ds mee Agrost. Vilf. 37.

N. North Coast, is Brown; oe Victoria River, F. Mueller ;

Fort Darvin Seat, n. 112; Escape Cliffs, Huls

Queenslan Endeavour Hive Banks and. ‘Solander ; Kennedy District, Dain-

tre; Elliot en Bowman ; Peak Downs, Slate

. S. Lindleyi, Benth—Nearly allied to S. pulchellus. Leaves

Prem not at all or only very shortly ciliate. Panicle very loose,

broadly pyramidal, 3 to 5 in. long and broad when fully out, the

branches capillary, the lower ones elongated in a dense Wien the

upper ones more scattered. Spikelets } to $ line long. Glumes very

acute, the Pih outer one very small and narrow, the 2nd weg w

and t ering glume nearly equal, usually dark coloured. Palea

usually divided to the base into 2 even at the time of flowering. Seed

enclosed in a loose pericarp, as in S. pulchellus. —WS. pallidus, Lindl. in

Mitch. p Austral. 187, not of Nees; Vilfa cmi de Steud. a

Glum. i. 162; S. subtilis, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 140, not of Kunt

Queensland. On the Maranon vino Bokhara Flats, pies a

mere, Bowman ; Curriwillighee, D:

N. S. Wales. Liverpool Plains rapa Darling River, Wools.

Pinder TUN F. Mueller

raser's Range, Dempster.

"m general Oum species is ey distinct from 8. curs cien pl 2 foliage and in

Spikelets, but some specimens of Bowman's seem almost to e two. They =

however far advanced and » t perfect Mitchell's are kho rad imis and no

characteristic as younger

ttered, all eapillary and od bare at the base, but bearing narrow

dense spikelike d panicles of 3 to 1 in. Spikelets sessile and

624 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [ Sporobolus.

crowded, nearly 1 line long. Outer glume very small, hyaline, almost

time of flowering. Seed enclosed in a loose pericarp.— Vilfa or Agrostis

actinoclada, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. ig

. Australia. Sturt’s Creek, F. Mue

Queensland. Gracemere, O’ Shanesy ; "Ballandool River, Looker.

entral Australia. Charlotte Waters, Giles.

78. MICRAIRA, F. Muell.

lum

empty ones equal, membranous, broadly eae ‘faintly nerved.

Flowering glumes close above the empty ones, equal, broad, truncate

many-nerved, membranous. Palea several-nerved but 2 of the nerves

very prominent. Styles distinct, with short stigmas. Fruiting glumes

and palea enclosing the grain but not harden ed.

enus is limited to the seeps species, which is endemic. It has the

habit ot Air

subulifolia, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 208.—A glabrous proie

or ont perennial; with short ascending branches, covered at the

base with the short broad closely imbricate sheaths of old pee

mee in short dense tufts at the ends of the branches, linear-subulate,

t, under $ in. long, the ligula split into cilia. — Peduncles from the

tatie erect, filiform, 1 to 2 in. long, encased at the base in 2 or 3 long

narrow leaf-sheaths. Panicle broad and loose, 4 in. long or rather

more, with capillary spreading slightly divided branches, Spikelets

pedicellate, scarcely above } line be , usually dark-coloured, glabrous.

Outer glumes as long as the flowering ones.

Queensland. Glasshouse cutting d Hill; Rockingham Bay, on roc cks,

— completely covering them in dense masses, Dallachy, alsoin Leichhas "di's

collection.

19. ISACHNE, R. Br.

Spikelets 2-lowered, both flowers hermaphrodite or the upper female

or the lower male, e, small, in loose panieles, the rhachis of the spikelet

tenure above the empty glumes, glabrous and not produced above

the flowering ones. Glumes unawned, convex, faintly nerved,2 outer

empty ones nearly equal ; prere ones o áfirmer eonsistence, closely

sessile or the upper one slightly raised. Palea as long as the glume.

Styles distinct. Grain enclosed in the hardened glume and palea,

from them.

Isachne.] CXLIV. GRAMINER, 625

small tropical genus, common both to the New and the Old World. The

Maire species have both a wide range in “tropical Asia

Leaves un img Spikelets glabrous or nearly so, FIR

ine . 1. T. australis.

Leaves male. sail Spikelets hairy, about } line long. Lm myosotis.

1. I. australis, X. Br. Prod. 196.— Stems rather slender, decum-

aes creeping and rooting at the lower nodes, ascending to 1 ft. or

e pubescence. Panicle

riy

H'OS

"ge

ing, ovoid in circumscription, 13 to 3 in. long, with

numerous filiform branches. Spikelets - ' pedicellate, diri 1 line

long. Outer glumes quite glabrous. Lower flower usually m male, with

ck ol bi glume, the set T shortly a gia ith the glume

pom Trin.; Ku itk diu i. 127; F. Muell. Frag: viii. i 193;

P. antipo odum, Spreng. Syst. 1. ie

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mue

Port vers zi the ‘Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls, Sieber,

ales.

Agr ostoth. n. 68; New Englan

vay se iad 1a, Gillibrand, sagt n, E Goulburn, Hume and Snowy Rivers,

= Also intr opical Asia from Ceylon and the Peninsula to the Malayan Archipelago

sotis, Nees in Hook. Kew Journ. ii. 98.—Stems slender,

I. myo

Beca and branched at the base, short in the Asiain specimens,

Leaves ovate to femp

N. S. Wales. iani River, y. Hill; (two small specimens in herb. F.

Mueller); also in the Malayan Archipelago and South China,

80. CŒLACHNE, R. Br.

hachis of the

Terminal flowering uoa i

bem Mei. smaller than the 3rd. Paleas as long as the, E

626 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Calachne.

Styles short, distinct, with short s rad P Ne glumes and paleas

scarcely ha rde ned, not elosed over the

A small genus, spread over tropical Asia, "hg ime € I Sponte extending to

the S SERA Peninsula and closely allied to a common Indian

C. pulchella, R. Br. Prod. 187—A weak slender decumbent

du grass, rarely ascending to 6 in. Leaves flat, lanceolate or

ose, l

branches filiform. Spikelets mostly pedicellate, scarcely 4 line long.

Outer empty glumes almost orbicular, faintly 3-nerved, the 3rd or

lowest floweri lume twice as long as the outer ones, and close

ones Endeavour River, Benks and Solander, A. Cunningham.

Also in Tavoy, Griffith, Wall. Cat. Herb. Ind. n. 8909 (partly). 'The common

Indian plant bna to this species in the Fl. Hongk. andin Thwaites Enum. Pl.

Zeyl. diffe almost spikelike panicle, the spikelets peg A longer,

almost widow on the short erect branches, and is distinguished by Munro as

Celachne brachiata, Munro (Isachne cene .et Arn. Panicum Jrachygiume

and P, supinum, ig Steud. Syn, Glum.i. 95, 96.)

[e]

81. ami m R. Br.

Spikelets 2-flowered, usuall t very numerous, in a loose or dense

panicle, the flowers both emisse and similar, the rhachis of the

b ones. mpty glumes 2, persistent, acute or ering i oint Ms

short awn, many (usu 9- to ll-) nerved. Flowering glumes wit

fewer nerves, with long spreading hairs on the back or margins, d

~ less or tapering into a fine straight or c awn not twiste Pa al

2 TE flat, often hairy on the back, with 2 prominent almost mars gue

~>. nerves. Styles distinct, short. Grain more or less attona enclos

ej in the glume and palea, free from them. h

EM Besides the Australian an species, which are mostly endemic, there are several in poe

3 Africa, na two or three in n iiec Asia, of which one or perhaps two appear to

the same ian on

$ Awns ii longer aa the a Snes. Panicle dense.

S Spikelets sessile or nearly

. Palea redii: into 2 fine ie ESSEN

y— Outer ding ws vete cup pnr 4 "e long. Awn

a LI

L — Od rud 2

d = glumes tutos to 2} lines long. E 2. E. Armitiii:

4 Palea-point bin. entire or or minutely notched

* Nodes densely bearded. Outer glumes hairy, nearly

i 4 vp dis Awn about n 3, E. squerroet,

: Nodes glabrous. Outer glumes hairy, about 2 lines

T long. Awnunderiin . .. . . 4. E. glauca.

1. E. stipacea.

few pedic spikelets. Leaves narrow, hispid

Eriachne.] CXLIV. GRAMINER. 627

Outer glumes glabrous, 21 to : e long . 5. E, rara,

Outer glumes his pid, 14 ines - + . 6, E. agrostidea.

Awns not longer tha: in the "heisse PIE loose, Spike-

lets pedicellate, usu all few

Leaves narrow, hispid with spreading hairs. Small

slender plants.

Outer glumes 11 lines, glabrou wis. reuse dede hata

Outer glumes 2 to 21 lines, rir hairy 4^. 6a Qa E

Leaves subulate. vine glumes glabrous, about 4

lineslong. Flowering glumes ciliate onl 9. E. avenacea.

Leaves flat. Outer glumes sc ps aem 4 lines long.

Flowering studie e hairy à - E. aristidea.

Leaves narrow. Outer glumes glabrous, scarcely 14

Panicle very with lon ong

—

branch 1. E. pallescens.

Panicle narrow, rather more dense. - Outer glumes

labrous, about 3 lines lon e$ . 12. E. festucacea.

Panicle dense ovate or oblong. Arei very Per

peers = ter glumes 3 to 4 lines

spec 13. E. ovata.

uicit narrow. Spikelets pedicellate. ' Outer glumes

about 3 lines 1 :

Low plant, ler filiform hispid 1 Pi thes ene . 14, E. melicacea.

Tall plant, with glabrous flat leav . 15. E. pallida.

Leaves short, eading, pan the 2

sheaths iue a the sae. Lem Mr stems . . 16. E. scleranthoides,

Leaves not pungent, fe On ones distant. Spike-

lets about 2 lines

Flowering glumes vie onil e eo. . 17. E. mucronata.

ee glumes obtuse or scarcely acute . . . 18. E. obtusa

eaves very ius pr te. plan E

‘3 pikelets Levin lice about 1 line As . . . 19. E. capillaris.

l. E. stipacea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 206.—Stems 2 or 3 ft. high,

the nodes bearded, otherwise glabrous. Leaves narrow, flat. Panicle

secund, rather dense, 4 to 5 in. long. Spikelets narrow, not numerous,

nearly ‘sessile along the branches. "Outer glumes about : lines long,

glabrous, tapering to a fine point and produced into a straight awn,

sometimes nearly half as long as the glume. woe. gc pets

hairy all over, with a slender curved awn a t 15 in - . long. flat,

fapering to a point divided into 2 awns nearly as long as the

palea itself.

Queensland. Cape X. ork, Daemel.

ar. Sehultziana. ea and points of the oed rather edes Wn — shorter.

Tcan see no other difference.— E. Schultziana, F. Muell. Fragm. v

N. Australia. Port Pd Schultz, n. 150, 183.

2. E, Armi Muell Herb.—Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high or

rather more, the nodes slightly bearded. Leaves narrow, me

628 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [ Eriachne.

Panicle dense, 14 to 2 in. long, the rhachis slightly hirsute. Spikelets

sessile on the short branches. Outer glumes 2 to 21 lines long, more

ensely hairy all over, with a fine awn usually about 1 in. long. Palea

tapering into 2 fine awn-like points a little shorter than the glume

itself.

N. Australia. Gilbert River, Armit ; Norman River, Gulliver.

. E. squarrosa, R. Br. Prod. 183.—Stems erect, 2 ft. high or

more, the nodes densely bearded with long silky hairs. Panicle dense,

long. Spikelets sessile and crowded along the short erect

orslightly spreading branches. Outer glumes nearly 4 lines long,

tapering to a fine point, hispid with long rigid spreading hairs.

Flowering glumes nearly as long, narrow, hairy outside, tapering into

an awn of about lin. Palea tapering into a short entire point.—4ira

squarrosa, Spreng. Syst. 1. 278.

N. Australia. Victoria River, Elsey.

Queensland. Endeavour River and Bustard Bay, Banks and Solander.

The Molucca plant, pe and figured by Brongniart in Duperr. Voy. Bot. 24,

r, bu

t. 3, as E. squarrosa, t with a 2-awned palea, would appear to me rather to

represent the E. Armittii.

nerved. Flowering glumes about as long, sprinkled with bairs met

side, the fine awn under 4 in. long. Palea tapering into an entire 0

slightly notched point.—Kunth, Rev. Gram. t. 64 ; Aira levis, Spreng.

Syst. i. 278.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Victoria River,

and Sturt’s Creek, F. Mueller,

e ; the base of the

stem, hispid with short spreading hairs. Panicle short loose, rather

} cake

mens seen, owering glumes shorter, hairy all over, tapering on z

slender awn nearly 1 in. long. Palea tapering intoa fine bifid pomt»

Aira rara, Spreng. Syst. i. 278.

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown.

6. E. agrostidea, F. Muell. Fragm. vii. 82.--A small tufted slender

Eriachne.} CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 629

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 143; north coast of Arnhem Land,

M* Kinlay.

7. E.

branched, the stems ascending to 1 ft. in some specimens, under 6

in others ; 1

notlonger, more acute, with a fine awn nearly as long as t emselves,

hirsute outside. Palea ciliate outside. Stamens 3. Grain much

flattened.— Aira ciliata, Spreng. Syst. i. 278.

N alia. Arnhem Land, R. Brown, M‘Kinlay; Port Darwin, Schultz ;

Escape Clitts, Hulse ; between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

à Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown (rather smaller, the panicle rather more

ense).

usually shorter than the glume itself. Palea tapering into a long

entire or minutely notched point.

N. Australia. North Coast of Arnhem Land, AM Kinlay.

9s, ¢

—

hairs, tapering i

5y into an awn :

lightly tely acuminate.—4ira avenacea, Spreng.

N. Australia. Cavern Island, R. Brown; Victoria River and M‘Adam Range.

F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 350; Port Essington, Armstrong.

10. E. aristjdea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 205,-—Stems branching and

630 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Eriachne.

Panicle loose, with tew spreading branches. Spikelets shortly pedicel-

scarcely so long as the glume itself. Palea hairy, tapering into a

deeply bifid awnlike point.

Queensland. Bowen Downs, Bir

ch.

Central Australia. Lake Eyre, Andrews ; Charlotte Waters, Giles.

W. Australia. Murchison River, Oldfield.

5 . .

Flowering glumes hairy outside and ciliate, tapering into an

alea entire.-—Aira effusa,

i S

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander; Sandstone Ridges near

Rockhampton, 0’ Shanesy,

Also in the eastern provinces of India and in South China. 1

and sprinkled on the baek with a few hairs, tapering into a fine n

or awn shorter than the glume itself. Palea entire, slightly

hairy.

tralia. Careening Bay, N. W. Coast, A. Cunningham; Upper Victoria

ue.

N. Aus ay,

and Fitzmaurice Rivers, F. Mueller.

13. E. ovata, Nees in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 418.—Stems from a

horizontal glabrous or woolly rhizome erect, rather rigid, 1 to lí 4s

igh ; glabrous or nearly so in the typicalform. Leaves chiefly at the

of the stem, very narrow, erect, with subulate points. Pame

dense, ovate or lanceolate, 1 to 2 in. long uter glumes acute,

nearly 4 lines long, glabrous in the typical form. Flowering glumes

as long or longer, pale-coloured, acutely acuminate but not awned,

ensely hirsute to above the middle with spreading hairs. Palea as

long, shortly bifid, less hai on the back.—Z. Preissiana, Nees 15

P5 Eroina 5. 10% es

W. Australia. Swan River. mond. . m. 971, 972; Mount Brown,

Cartier, » Drummond, 1st coli. n. 971,

Eriachne.] CXLIV. GRAMINES. 631

sa f-sh d stems bel 1 y villous with soft not

spreading hairs. Panicle more dense, with more numerous and rather smaller spike-

lets.—W. Australia, Drummond, n. 168, 976 ; Champion Bay, Oldfield,

Var. pallida. Panicle rather longer and looser. Spikelets pale-coloured, smaller,

the flowering glumes more pointed and longer in proportion.

Central Australia. Lake Eyre, Andrews ; Charlotte Waters, Giles. `

Nees's descriptive articles on E. ovata and E. Preissiana are word for word the

ep that in the latter he has substituted spiculis “ oblongis " for

ovatis." ;

4. E. melicacea, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 205.—A low tufted species,

perhaps annual, 6 to 8 in. high. Leaves very narrow, with subulate

points, often as long as the stem, sprinkled with short spreading hairs

arising from tubercles. Panicle or raceme of very few (usually 3 to 6)

pale-coloured pedicellate spikelets. Outer glumes g abrous, acute,

allida, F. Muell. Herb.—Stems apparently about 2 ft.

15. E. : a

high, slender and branching. Leaves flat but narrow, with subulate

i 4 in. long, the spike-

but scarcely awned, glabrous on the back except near the

Palea hairy, tapering to a fine

16. E. scleranthoides, F. Muell. Fragm. viii.

plant a small much-branched procumbent rigid peren

branches ascending to lor 2 in., b

covered with the closely appressed leaf-sheaths. Leaves spreading,

subulate, rigid and pungent-pointed, ito iin. long.

9 a short raceme of 3 to 6 spikelets or sometimes only 1 or 2 close

above the leaves. Outer glumes unde

ints not produced into

ading hairs. Palea as

y Central Australia, Mount Olga, Giles; between Youldeh and Ouldabrima,

oung,

Var. elongata. Stems nearly 1 ft. high. Leaves j io 1 im. long, bub ory

Spreading and cuiii M in the typical form. * Panicle pedunculate, with 6

to 12 spikelets, —M*‘Donnell Ranges, Giles.

632 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Eriachne.

17. E. mucronata, R. Br. Prod. 184.—Stems very slender but

rigid, about 1 ft. high. Leaves short, spreading, subulate, with fine

points, but not so pungent as in Æ. sc cle ranthoides, the lower sheaths

sprinkled with rigid hairs or glabrous, the upper ones distant. Panicle

rather loose, 1 to 14 in. long, of few spikelets closely resembling those

of . obtusa, but rather larger, and the flowering glumes tipped with

short points exceeding the outer glumes.—Z. brev ifolia, R. Br. l.c. ;

Aira mucronata, Spreng. Xyst.i. 276.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and ipie) Dunrobin, nanii and

other localities near Rockhampton, 0' Shanesy, Thoze

obtusa, R. Br. Prod. 184.—A variable grass, usually 1 to 2

ft. high, "üften DEAD in the lower part. Leaves narrow, flat or

N. tralia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R Brown, poy , Upper

Victoria Hever and Sea Range, F. Mueller ; Cambridg y ait a ae W.

Coast, A. Cunningham ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. : T10F, PD ouall

Poma Dampier's nbi mae (with smaller spikslets), Wai rhe

Queensland. Endeavour River, A. Cunningham ; King's Creek, Bowman;

Wales. Mount Cun pningham in the interior, A. eren between

the Darling and Cooper’s Creek, Neilson, Victoria Expeditio

19. E. capillaris, R. Br. Prod. 184. At slender annual of 6 to 10

M in.

us ing

ing ty acute but unawned, hairy all over but not d: ee

pene as ud as the mme entire, hairy.—Kunth, Rev. Gra >

i. 276.

N. Australia. Arnhem Land, N. Coast, R. Brown.

SUBTRIBE IV. Festrucacez. —Spikelets with Se pi ae

flowers, rarely reduced to 2, in a loose and spreading =

d wor panicle rarely capitate, the rhachis of the soikalet articulate hs

tinuous, usua y produced above the flowers or beari $

more terminal empty glumes. Outer glumes usually narrow y g”

acute or obtuse. Flow wering glum not usually in der, entire OF

CXLIV. GRAMINEA. 633

notched at the end, obtuse or the keel or midrib produced into a

point or straight awn. Palea usually as long as the glume or nearly

so. Grain free within the glume and palea, or adnate to the palea.

82. ECTROSIA, R. Br.

Spikelets with 1 or rarely 2 fertile flowers and 2 or more male

flowers or em ty glumes above them, in a terminal panicle, the rhachis

of the spikelet articulate above the 2 outer glumes. Outer empty

glumes unawned, the 2nd rarely with a short point; glume of the

perfect flower with a prominent point or short awn, the upper glumes

tapering into fine straight awns. Styles distinct. Grain enclosed in

the thin or scarcely hardened glume and palea.

The genus is limited to Australia.

Panicle compact and dense, with short erect branches.

Flowering glume 2 lines long, rather rigid, 3-nerved, i

entire, tapering into a short awn . . . . . . * L E, Schultziie

Flowering glume 1 line long, thin, notched, with an awn

.Dearly aslonp'asibelf Gesina ra D Ts

Panicle slender, loose, the short branches spreading.

owering glume about 4 line long, thin, notched, with a

Very short point: 4 a do 3 2C UL ae

Flowering glume about 1 line long, 3-nerved, tapering

into a short point; glumes of the fruiting spikelet

SQuarrose . oos ee ee r

r 2. E. leporina,

3. E. agrostoides,

4. E. Gulliveri.

tapering int rt awn, the next nearly similar but with a

longer awn and the flower male only, the upper 20r 3 glumes narrower

and empty.

N. Australia Between Maurice and Victoria Rivers, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin,

Schultz, n. 987.

acute, about llinelong. Flowering glume nearly as long, narrow,

hyaline, 1-nerved, slightly notched, with a fine awn nearly às long as

634 CXLIV. GRAMINE®. [ Ectrosia.

the glume. Terminal empty giumes usually 2 or 3, smaller than the

flowering one but with longer fine awns.--Kunth, Revis. Gram.

t. 69.

N. Australia. Coen River, Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Cleveland Bay

A, Cunningham; Victoria River, F. Mueller; Port Essington, Armstrong ; Port Dar-

win, Schultz, n. 281; between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

Queensland. Cape York, M'Gillivray, Daemel; Endeavour River, Banks and

Solander ; Brisbane River, F. Mueller ; Darling Downs, Law.

Var. micrantha. A smaller plant with setaceous leaves. Panicle looser, the

spikelets much smaller approaching those of E. agrostoides, but rather crowded on the

short erect branches as in the smaller specimens of E. /eporina.— Victoria River, F.

Mueller, between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver.

E. spadicea, R. Br. Prod. 186, from Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, appears

to me not to differ from the typical E. leporina, except in the rather smaller dense

panicle.

3. E. agrostoides, Benth.—A slender tufted annual of 6 in. to 1 ft.,

with setaceous leaves, Panicle narrow but oose, 2 to 3 in. long, the

shorter branches, distant on the longer ones. Glumes very narrow,

about j line long, the flowering one shortly notched, with a very short

point-in the notch. Terminal empty ones 2 or 3, tapering into capillary

awns of 1 to 14 lines,

N. Australia. Port Essington, Armstrong. t

W. Australia. A specimen in herb. Hook. marked as from Drummond, bu

there may be possibly some mistake.

giving the spikelet a squarrose aspect

COT

4, with longer points or awns but rarely exceeding 1 line.

N. Australia. Between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver. The 6

have frequently as in the eding species only 1 fertile flower but occasional)

there are 2 fertile ones inda thid male,

83. HETERACHNE, Benth.

Spikelets very flat, with 1 fertile flower and several empty glumes

above it, nearly sessile and crowded in one or more globular heads, the

rhachis of the spikelet articulate only under the perfect flower, very

flexuo continuous above it. Glumes complicate, keeled, rather

obtuse, unawned, 2 outer empty ones persistent, the rest of the spike-

Heterachne. | CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. 635

glunie, folded, with 2 broad dorsal wings. Styles short, distinct. Grain

oblique or curved, enclosed in the glume and palea but free from them.

The genus is limited to the two Australian species, which appear more nearly

allied to Ectrosia and Elytrophorus than to Eragrostis, but singular in the whole

spikelet with the exception of the outer glumes forming as it were an appendage to

Spikelets ovate, 23 to 31 lines long, with more than 6 upper

y glumes, in 1 or 2 heads, sessile in the leaf-sheaths

_ or the upper one shortly pedunculate . . . . . . + L H. Browniü.

Spikelets orbicular, scarcely 14 lines diameter, with less than

6 upper empty glumes, in several globular small heads,

forming a pedunculate interrupted spike . 2. H. Gulliveri.

1. H. Brownii, Benth—Stems 6 in. to 1 ft. high, rigid, simple or

slightly branched, slender and almost filiform in a few specimens.

Leaves eonvolute, narrow, with broad loose sheaths. Heads of spike-

than the glume, the wings broad, hyaline and shortly ciliate.— Poa

abortiva, R. Br. Prod. 181.

. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, E. Brown ; Carron Creek,

erb. F. Mueller, collector not named ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 302 (a single ap-

parently depauperate specimen in Herb. F. Mueller).

. 2. H. Gulliveri, Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 1250.—Stems branch-

ing at the base and under 6 in. in the specimens seen. Leaves narrow.

ciliate. Outer empty glumes smaller, unequal, the lowest l-nerv

the 2nd 3-nerved but the keel not winged. Upper empty glumes 3 to

5, like the flowering one but narrower.

N. Australia. Between Norman and Gilbert Rivers, Gulliver. The deciduous

Part of the spikelets with the enclosed fruit have much of the aspect of those of

Courtoisia in Cyperaceze.

636 CXLIV. GRAMINES.

* 84, LAMARCKIA, Moench.

one with a small dorsal awn. Sterile spikelets longer, with several

truncate awnless empty glumes above the 2 outer acute ones.

The genus is limited to a single species, a native of the Mediterranean region, and

perhaps not really naturalised in Australia. It only differs from Cynosurus in the

fertile spikelets, containing only a single flower instead of 2 or more.

. L. aurea, Moench; Kunth, Enum. i. 889.—A very elegant small

tufted annual, usually under 6 in. high, the one-sided dense panicle

occupying nearly half the length. Outer glumes of the fertile spike-

lets 14 to 14 lines long, rather unequal, keeled, with short fine points ;

flowering glume inserted higher up, broad and convolute round the

flower, with a fine dorsal almost terminal awn 2 to 3 lines long. Sterile

spikelets rather longer, the 2 outer glumes like those of the fertile

one, with several empty ones above them, all broad, obtuse or truncate,

elegantly distichous but not closely imbricate.—Cynosurus aureus, Linn. ;

vum Fl. Gr. t. 79; Chrysurus aureus, Beauv.; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.

Admitted by F. Mueller, Fragm, viii, 116, as Australian on the authority of à

8 specimen from Swan Hill on the Murray River, and a fragment received from

mania, in both cases most probably accidentally introduced or cultivated.

85. PHRAGMITES, Trin.

the flowers. thin, keeled, the 2 outer ones empty, acute OF

shortly pointed, the 3rd like them but with a longer point and en los-

in or rudimentary flower, the others more distant, with long

wnlike points, the rhachis terminating in a rudimentary glume

A small genus (or subgenus of Arundo) exterdin the tropical and temperate

: g over the tropic h :

and some colder regions of the New as well as the Old World, the Australian species

rec da e common one over nearly the whole area, in wet ditches, marshes and

1. P. comm Trin.; Kunth, Enum. i. 251.—A stout perennial

usually 5 or 6 ft. high, but sometimes twice as much, with a t

creeping rootstock and numerous long leaves often an ineh broad, t "i

sheaths covering the stems to the inflorescence. Panicle 6 in. to 13 ft-

Phragmites.) CXLIV. GRAMINE®. 637

long, with numerous branches, more or less one-sided and drooping,

often of a purplish brown tinge. Spikelets numerous, at first very

narrow, 4 to 6 lines long, flat and spreading when in seed, the long

silky hairs proceeding from the rhachis and as long as or longer than

the glumes, giving the panicle a beautiful silvery aspect; the glumes

themselves and the short part of the rhachis below the 3rd glume quite

glabrous.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 118; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t, 108;

Arundo phragmites, Linn. ; R. Br. Prod. 183.

Queensland. Goold Island, M'Gillivray ; Cape Grafton, A. Cunningham ;

Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, southern districts from numerous collectors.

. S. Wales. P kson, R. Brown; New England, €. Stuart; Clarence

River, Wilcox ; Murrumbidge, Mrs. Calvert ; Lord Howe's Island, Fwllagar.

Victoria. Melbourne to the western frontier, Robertson, F. Mueller and others.

Tasmania. Abundant in watery places throughout the island, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, R. Brown ; St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller.

I have seen no specimens from West Australia.

86. DISTICHLIS, Rafin.

empty glumes, narrow, keeled. Flowering glumes broader, keeled,

els

à small rudimentary ovary. a

Lodicules broad. Ovary glabrous, tapering into 2 ratber long styles

With exserted stigmas. “Grain obovoid or elliptical, free, with a thick

Spongy pericarp.

The genus i inele maritime species of very wide range, chiefly

cn, ern hes e one "ie American. "rhe Australian plant

appears to be identical with the common American one.

l. D. maritima, fin. in Journ. Phys. \xxxix. 104.—A rigi

glabrous much-branched grass, forming broad low leafy tufts, the

branches sometimes growing out to 1 ft. covered to the inflorescence with

the leaf-sheaths. Leaves narrow, rigid, very acute or pungent-pointed,

usually distichously spreading. Spikelets few, 2 males,

rather more in the males, 6 to 9 lines long in the Australian specimens,

rather smaller and more numerous in some American ones, flat

rather thick, 8- to 12-flowered. Glumes closely imbricate, about 3 lines

long, rather rigid and straw-coloured. Anthers in the males long.

Stigmas in the females protruding from the end of the glumes.— Uniola

spicata, Linn. Spec. Pl. 104; Brizopyrum spicatum, Hook. and Arn

Bot. Beech. 403: Uniola distichophylla, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 21, t:

24; Poa distichophylla, R. Br. Prod. 182 ; Festuca distichophylla, Hook.

f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 127; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 129; Poa paradoza, Kom.

and Schult. Syst. ii. 569; Poa Michauzi, Kunth, Enum. i. 325, Rev.

638 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [Distichlis.

Gram. t. 181; Poa thalassica, Kunth, Enum. i. 326; Rev. Gram. t.

81, 82; Distioklia thalassica and D. maritima, E Desv. in C. Ga ay, Fl.

Chil. vi. 397, 398.

Victoria. Various points of the sea-coast, F. Mueller and others ; near Skipton,

When; Murray River, mcr i Hopkins River, Sullivan

Tasmania. Port Dal alrymple, R. Brown ; common on the sea- coasts, J. D. Hooker

and others

S. Australia. St. Vincent's and Spencer's Gulfs, F. Mueller and others.

Some specimens from Kangaroo Island, Henzenvoeder, in Herb. F. Muell, have

Tm densely tufted barren rines covered with i T iriedté leaves with shortly

spreading pungent lamins of 3 or 4 lines. I have not seen the one grain, but some

far advanced ovaries The oie show the thickened pericarp described by Kunth and

inal generic c shareater given by Rafinesque would have

been dnte insufficient for i identification were it not for the specific synonyms he

quotes,

87. ELYTROPHORUS, Beauv.

Spikelets small and flat, few-flowered, sessile, in dense compound

des clusters crow wded in a eylindrical spike or the lower ones

oints or short awns, 1 or 2 upper glumes empty or with male

Palea folded, with 2 dorsal wings. Stamen 1. Styles free, distinet.

Grain smooth, free

The genus is limited to the single Australian species, widely spread over tropical

Asia and Africa,

1. E. articulatus, Beauv.; Kunth, Enum. i i 391, Rev. Gram. t.

rarely 1 line long without the points, the awns of the flowering RA

about as long as or rarely longer the an the glume. Dorsal wings of t

palea entire or denticulate, either both or one only rather broad.

N. Australia. Victoria River, F. Mueller ; between Norman and Gilbert

Rivers, Gulliver.

Rockhampton and neighbouring districts, O'Shanesy, Bowman;

Bowen Downs, Birch.

Ges: Murray River, F, Mueller ; Charlotte Waters, Central Australia,

CXLIV. GRAMINES. 639

88. KGELERIA, Pers.

Spikelets 2- or more-flowered, flat, shortly pedicellate, numerous in

a dense spike-like cylindrical or interrupted panicle, the rhachis of the

spikelet articulate between the flowering glumes, glabrous. Glumes

keeled, acute or produced into short straight awns or points, 2 outer

empty ones unequal and searious on the margin only ; flowering glumes

similar but more scarious or hyaline, the upper ones gradually smaller,

the lowest the largest and sessile within the empty ones, the uppermost

one or two usually empty. Palea very thin, acutely 2-keeled, 2-toothed

or 2-pointed. Styles very short. Grain enclosed in the glume and

palea free from them.

A small genus ranging over the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere,

more sparingly distributed in the southern and perhaps most frequently introduced.

The Australian species are both common northern ones.

Perennial, Larger glumes acute, 2 to 3lineslong. . . . 1. K. cristata,

Annual. Larger glumes shortly awned, 1} lines long. . 2. K. phleoides.

K. cristata, Pers.; Kunth, Enum. i. 381.—A perennial, the

common northern form usually about 6 in. high with a dense tuft of

short leaves and a cylindrical spike-like panicle of 1 to 2 in., the spike-

lets mostly 2- or 8-flowered, Australian specimens belonging chiefly

to a luxuriant form 1 to 2 ft. Leaves pubescent-ciliate. Spike-

like panicle 3 to 6 in. long, interrupted at the base, very shining.

Spikelets 4 to 5 lines long, with 5 to 7 flowers Outer glumes 3 lines

more scarious, almost nerveless except the green keels, all acute but

not awned.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 126; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 93.

N. S. Wales. North of Bathurst, A. Cunningham (large and luxuriant).

Victoria. Wimmera, Curdie (the small typical form). ,

Tasmania, Macquarrie Plains, Gunn (large and luxuriant).

The species ranges over the temperate and subtropical regions of the New and the

Old World in the northern hemisphere, and in some parts of the southern.

2. K. phleoides, Pers; Kunth, Enum. i. 383.—An erect tufted

annual of 6 in. to 1 ft. usually glabrous except long cilia on the

margins and orifice of the leaf-sheaths. Spikelike panicle $ to 25 in.

long, cylindrical or when large slightly branched. Spikelets about 2

lines long, with 5 to 7 flowers. Glumes very spreading, the larger ones

1} lines long with a point or awn rarely above 1 line long, the outer

empty ones unequal, the lowest small and acute, the 2nd shortly pointed

and nearly as long as the flowering ones, the terminal empty glume or

glumes usually broader, shorter and awnless.

7S t; Mudgee, Taylor.

s pice As Gu rates Hives F. Mueller ; Swan Hill Gummon

(the latter with very short awns).

640 CXLIV. GRAMINEE. [Keleria.

The species extends over the whole of the rite ss region from the Azores

to Affghanistan, and may be introduced only into Australia.

* 89. DACTYLIS, Linn.

Spikelets several-flowered, sessile and densely crowded in thick one-

sided clusters, vie iu a short irregular spike or at the ends of the

short branches a dense irregular one-sided panicle. Flowering

glumes 3. or aine the keel prominent and produced into a point or

short awn. Grain free, concave or broadly furrowed.

The genus is limited to a single species common in Europe, pre tity Asia and

North Africa, and now naturalised in Australia as in some other countrie

Y L M. Xi wie Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i, 386.—A coarse stiff

grass of I to 2 ft., the perennial stock forming at length dense tufts.

the branches of a short, more or less readies anicle. Each spikelet

much flattened, 3- to 5- flowered. Flowerin g ai lanceolate, 2 to 23

Li jong, ciliate on the ce outer glumes rather shorter, narrow,

a prom ro ciliate keel.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 59 ; F. Muell.

Pin viii. s

Now naturalised in various localities in N. S. Wales and Victoria, F. Mueller

and others.

90. CENTOTHECA, Desv.

Spikelets several- (usually 3-) flowered, flat, all pedicellate in a loose

apreniime panicle, the rhachis of the spi kelet slender, inarticulate, gla-

br ed,

acute or minutely pointed, unawn eeled, the lowest

flo ring glume close above the 2 outer empty ones and li he

glabrous, the upper owering ones bearing on the ginal nerves

ew rigid bristles at first erect, at € reflexed Pal keeled

The genus is limited to the le Australian ies, generally spread over

tropical Asia and Africa. re Tu

. €. lappacea, Desv.; Kunth, Enum. i. 366, Revis. Gra n. sory

—An erect glabrous xm VM mmy Sah: < Leaves flat, 1 to 4 in. broa

Centotheca.| CXLIV. GRAMINE. 641

glume. Flowers within the glumes often Bre eo stipitate with the

palea inserted on the sti ipes.—Beauv. Agrost. t. 14, f. 7.

B Daintree River, Fitzalan ; Johnston River, Gulliver.

biflora. Spikelets smaller with only 2 flowering glumes, the lowest po^

tiko Ba outer ones, the upper one alone setiferous.—Rockingham Bay, Dalla

91, ERAGROSTIS, Beauv.

few species very faint, Balea shorter than the pans with 2 prominent

nerves or keels, often persisting after the glume an

' away. Grain free, ovoid or oblong, not furrowed.

, The ge ut disappears

in cold countries and high mountains. Of the xem Aus bii five at

a ak i

unro are very closely connec d. if n

are as yet very uncertain, and in

which may Wo to ax distinct species but of which the s

cient for identificatio

Secr. I. Chaun —Spikelet A t aq. Lig lumes rather distant

tachya.— Spikelets npe a ae d 4

hip; imb icate, pias See ing the rhachis a leave a long itudinal

Surrow, usually very thin with the lateral ie on ie side ar: or marginal.

The first three s ha e few-flowered spikelets M the rhachis very

pecies have

readily disarticulating of Poa, but I only one instead of two nerves on each

side of the keel of the flowering glu

Spikelets usually 3- or 4-flowered, pedicellate, in a

reading panicle.

Spikelets ve eed numerous and minute, } to 2 line long.

. 1. E. tenella.

oid, s noe

Spikelets on i kag capillary pedicels 1 to 2 lines long. :

.. Grain globular, tuberculate 2. E. nigra.

—— = shortly pe ieee in a loose panicle, a

es long. ndn void, sm 3. E. imbecilla.

Spikelets iners ee than 6 e Road.

Glu truncate or gaan gaa :

"Mt pet inte à a loose panicle . 4. E. trichophylla.

Glumes acute or rarely "almost obtuse.

Spikelets DES s pale-eo loured, png shortly

pedicellate and erowded on the long branches

of a narrow

VOL. VIT. panicle 27

642 CXLIV. GRAMINEJE. LEragrostis.

Grain oblong-linear Pre de eb . . ő. E. leptocarpa.

Dien unn d hovoid : 6. E. megalosperma.

Spi numerou w linear, shortly

po er istant a along the capillary

ct branches of the 7. E. pilosa.

Spikelets not very maie “inen-tinccolie

pedicellate, in a spreading pani . 8. E. leptostachya.

Secr, II. Me oo — Spikelets ~~ mature very flat. eur es closely im

loan. in 2 disti rows, leaving a longitudinal furrow or depression between them

on each side Eds = vipikeat the lateral nerve usually prominent in the middle of each

side of the

Base of vis stems glabrous, not at all or scarcely

ickene

Spikelets narrow, about 3 lines long, crowded secund

and spreading or reflexed on the short clustered

Mr of a simple LE cle. Glumes very

9. E. Sehultzii.

Spikelets under 3 lines, sessile in small dense g Jobu-

bl rs sessile along a simp e

Sh Stamens usuall spd, E diandra.

Spikelets : 3 to 6 lines, rather narro ow, u usually ‘sessile

rect, Sor ed or clustered, rely shortly

Rice e. Sisi imis a ; ll. E. Brownii.

"n = 6 lines long, brad göle an crowd

on a short almo rose t rhachis, Pala keels

se with long 12. E. concinna.

Spikelets narrow, A usieied 4) along the long erect

ranches of à narrow panicle. Palea narrow,

truncate, glabrous, tt above 4 as long as the

gl 13. E. speciosa.

Base of the stem and short sheath of radical leaves

thickened into an almost bulbous woolly-hairy

Spikelets shortly Romeo nearly 2 ne broad, the

base of the flowering glumes woolly-h . » 14, E. laniffora.

Spikelets sessile, scat va glabrous, above 1 line

16. E, eriopoda.

Spikelets shortly Podicellate, glabrous, about 4 line

broad (xut HK dE eart

cr. IIL Cylindrostachya.- -Spikelets very narrow, terete or nearly so. Glumes

Tri appressed.

Spikelets 10- to 30-flowered, rather obtuse, shortly

icella panicle. . . 17. E. lacunaria.

— 12- ie Se owed, obtuse, sessile, usually

Spikelets 8- to pia nrc gs rather acute, nearly sessile,

divaricate, o reading branches of the panicle 19. E, stenostachya.

Poa porrantha, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 262, im Port cla D’ Urville, is described

as having the flowering sae with only one nerve on side, and would there-

fore be an Eragrostis, but his character is insufficient for id aye on. Eragrostis

eximia, Steud. 1. c ae ew Holland ded New Zealand, with a fences flowering

glume, is certainly no Eragrostis, rta (pa. deteimined without seeing ^

en.

18. E. falcata.

Eragrostis. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 643

Skor. I. CravNosrACHYA.—Spikelets narrow or very small, some-

what flattened, the glumes rather distant, loosely imbricate, overlapping

the rhachis at the base so as not to leave the longitu tudinal furrow of

Megastachya, usually very thin or hyaline, the lateral nerve on each

side usually faint or marginal, t the rhachis often as readily disarticu-

lating as in Poa, the palea rarely persistent after the fall of the grain.

1. E. tenella, — Benth. Fl. Hongk. 431.—An erect tufted

annual, from 6 in. to near 2 ft. high. Leaves flat, usually narrow,

glabrous. Panicle Eily GEE " the greater part of

with very numerous capillary muc

distant whorls or clusters. Spikelets geste vn "en rarely $ line

long, with 3 or 4 or rarely 6 flowers. Glum s thin, alm i

about 4 line long, the lateral nerve on ete side sake marginal, very

loosely imbricate, the rhachis articulate. Palea glabrous, as long as t the

glume. Simons sn a 1 3. Grain very small, ovoid.— Poa

vii Linn.; R. Br. Prod. 181.

i Aus trálla bie eae and Fitzmaurice River, F. Mueller ; Gulf of

pentari, Landsborough ares

gue Tyne ; Port Denison, Fitzallan ; Rock

hampto

Ebbot district, i ;

Mif disti ing dst "Theses on. Q' Shanesy ; Kenne dy district, Daintree ;

Vict King River, F. Mueller

bs Cen ustralia, Macdonnell Range and Charlotte Waters, Giles ; Stephenson

iver, p vue Stuart.

Widely spread in eastern tropical Asia.

Link (P. amabilis, Linn. )

onfusion ser ac - ree e and E. —

Pig clearod up y Mun Soc. , and the result given in Fl.

y ge gk. as above dera y "Kunth's figure v I totela; Rev. Gram. t, 147, petet

. E. nigra, Nees in Steud. Syn. Glum. 267, var. trachycarpa.—

Leaves only seen in one PPRD narrow, rather short, glabrous.

Panicle 1 ft. long or more, very loos with very long capillary divided

ranches, bearing few small Garkccloured uon m long "viet

pedicels, the spikelets ovate,

quite glabrous, Flowering glumes broki, tuse or geer acute,

hyaline, the lateral nerves scarcely conspionous: Palea as long, usually

road. Stamens 3, with small anther rain large in proportion,

globular, prominently jadis ju Secale

N.S. Wales. New England, C. Stuart ; Armidale, Perrott.

authority of Munro that I mier eic this to the East Tota E. nigra, from which

our specimens differ slightly in the longer pedicels and more prominently rugose

It is on the

. imbecilla, Benth. —Stems infos aud branobed. si the base,

inh and filiform, ascending to from 6in. to 1 ft. Leaves 2 Fash

spreading. Panicle loose and slender, with E distant Mita any

undivided. Spikelets few, pedicellate, li io 2 lines long, ung loosely

644 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Eragrostis.

4- to 6-flowered, glabrous. Flowering glumes scarcely above 4 line long,

hyaline, the lateral nerves almost or quite marginal. Palea curved,

someti imes persistent, but usually falling oi with: the; glume on the

nt. i. Fl. Hal. 33; Hook. f. Handb. N. Zel 337, fe not of B.

Brash. Sprengel, Kunth, Enum.i. 363, ipee referred by Steudel

to P. nme Trin

Queensland. Herbert's Creek, Bowman. I cannot distingui sh these specimens

from ee diet bd by Hooker from New Zealand, Forster’s pem is ind know ku

from Sprengel’s imperfect character ; which however as far

with our Hose except that he says the leaves are very lon

. E. trichophylla, Benth—Stems densely tufted, about 1 ft.

high, slender. Leaves very — the sheaths sprinkled with long

fine spreading hairs. Panicle loose, s reading, 3 to 4 in. long, wit

appressed, 4 to # qs s a tot obtuse truncate or red

thin afd shining, the lateral nerves prominent. i lea nearly as long,

glabrous. Stamens 2 or 3. ios small but not seen ripe.

S. Austra North o s Bay, Giles. This ion appears to connect

the sections Chaunostacha ya and Cyl radi ya.

5. E. leptocarpa, Benth.—An e legant slender grass, from under

1 ft. to 2 ft. high, with much of the habit, the flat leaves, and inflorescence

of E. tenella. Panicle at first narrow, at length spreading with

numerous much divided capillary branches, the lower ones often

clustered and in the larger specimens 6 in. long and the whole panicle

9 or 3 in., i er specimens much smaller. Spikelets narrow-linear,

2 to 3 lines long, loosely 6- to 12-flowered, pale-coloured and shining,

gl umes very narrow, rather i lin , thin an

Stamens usually 2, anthers very smal!. Grain oblong-linear, sometimes

very narrow and as long as the gum in other specimens shorter.

Queensland. Mitchell District, B

Central Australia. Charlotte ‘ee Giles.

Herb. —Stems 2 to 8 ft. bigh,

ing and narrow, » flat or E glabrous. Panicle narrow an

compact, 3 to 8 ‘in - long, with erect branches. Spikelets sessile or

shortly diee. erect, crowded, linear, about 3 lines long when fully

out, rather eee shining, loosely 6- to 8-flowered, the rhachis glabrous,

searcely articulate. Flowering glumes about 1 line long, acute, the

lateral nerves often scarcely conspicuous except at the base. Palea

nearly as leng, scarcely curved. Stamens usually 2, oblong. Grain

N. "

Eragrostis.] — . CXLIV. GRAMINES. 645

broadly ovoid, often 3 as long as the glume, readily falling away leaving

the glume and palea more persistent.

Queensland. Rockhampton, O'Sha»esy ; Gwydir River, Leichhardt.

E. pilosa, Beauv. Agrost. 71.—A tufted erect or ascending

annual, 1 to n near 2 ft. hich. pitt narrow, usua ly at. mee

narrow linear, vri of a dark leaden colour but pes e when old,

have fallen way. Grain oroid-oblong smooth.— Poa

Kunth, Buuni 3 i. 329; P. verticillata, Cav. Ie. = 63, t. 98; P. pa arvi-

flora and P. pellue cida, R. Br. Prod. 180, 181; E. parv viflora, Trin. in

Mem. Acad. Petersb. 1831, 4ll; E. pellucida, Head. Syn. Glum. 279;

P. tenella, Sieb. ee n. 79, not of Lin

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Kenne zd District, Daintree; Rock

hampton and neighbouring peiri Bowman, Thozet, O'Shanesy ; Brisbane River,

Bailey a nd others.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Moun R. Brown, Woolls and

DN others ; New England, €. Stuart ; Chained River " Wileow

Ovens dei Murray Rivers, F. Muel ise Allitt.

warmer and some adiós regions of the northern

A common weed in the

dew qux chiefly in the Old World. The hairs at ie Mani ofthe branches of the

i i ot observable in any of

8. E. le piostacig Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279.—Stems slender,

usually about 1 ft. high. Leaves at the base ee eonvolute or

51 spas with

setaceous, glabrous. Panicle loosely pyrami idal,

to 10-flowered, usually dark-coloured. Glumes acute,

than in Æ. pilosa, the lateral nerves faint and almost marginal.

nearly as long, glabrous. Grain ovoid, smooth. — Poa leptostachya,

Br. Prod. 180.

Qnesnaland. Brisbane iara: Bailey ; King's Creek, Bowman. :

ales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls; New England, C. Stuart ;

afa] Jofiier ; ; Maclea y Birel, D Beekler

The species appear to be intermediate Yik pilosa and E. Brownii, var.

patens, but distinct from both.

Secr. II. M EGASTACHYA. —Spikelets when m

glumes usually nume

646 CXLIV. GRAMINEZ. [ Eragrostis.

9. E. Schultzii, Benth—Stems rather rigid, 3 ft. high or more.

Leaves as long, flat, the larger ones 2 to 3 lines broad, quite glabrous.

Panicle narrow, R to 8 in. lon ng, with ont spreading branches , the

pedieellate, flat when full n, 2 to 3 lines long, 8- t -flowered

Glumes closely distichous, acutely keeled and acute, the lateral nerve

prominent on N Palea nearly as long. Stamens 3. Grai

very small, o

N. ea, Pòrt Darwin, Schultz, n, 81.

tdeo Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279.—Stems 1 to 2 ft. high.

Leaves very narrow, often convolute, glabrous. Panicle usually con-

tracted into an interrupted spike of 3 to 6 in. Spikelets very numerous,

rarely above 2 lines long, flat, scarcely 1 = ein. 6- to 12-flowered,

sessile in dense sessile clusters, the upper s forming a cylindrical

spike 3 or 4 lines diameter, the lower anea usually « distant, the

lowest oblong or forming a cylindrical eps spike of $ in. or more.

Flowering glumes clesely distichous, thin, rather obtuse, the lateral

nerves in the centre of each side or near the margin. Rhachis atc

sometimes 9. Grain sti —Pou diandra, R. Br. Prod. 180;

N. Kakaa Upper vids River and Sturt’s Creek, = Mur t

eensland. Keppel and Shoalwater Bays, R. Bro nort m En

Gulliver, Armit ; Rockhampton and southern districts, Those, eins Leichhar

Bailey pec others.

N. S. ales. Port Jackson, R. Brown; New England, €. Stuart ; Clarence

Bon Wien Beckler.

S. Australia Tamu nda, F. Mue

Drummond, n. i "Blackwood River, Walcot, Forrest.

In the case of some specimens v a: difficult n decide whethe r they shoul qa

referred to this species or to an extreme form of E. Browni i, though generally iii,

two appear very distinct, The n binds of stamens, 2 in £. kandri, 3 un E Brown

is not I believe constant.

rownii, Nees i P Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279. TA very variable

ge in ves and aspect, usually above 1 ft. high, w with very narrow

any means constant. Panicle sometimes simple E

pna. ,a few win Bf long. almost spikelike with numerous small densely

clustered spikelets, always however longer and more acute than in 4.

sometimes with short spreading branches and few spikelets,

i t branches an

Eragrostis.) CXLIV. GRAMINES. 647

nearly central on each side and prominent. aes shorter than the

game, incurved, the keels usually minutely cili Stamens usually 3,

ut sometimes only 2 even in the larger a Fp i Grain ovo! g,

ien. -—Poa Polymer “pha, R. Br. Prod. 180; Megastachya polymorpha,

eauv. Agrost. 74; Poa Brownii, Kunth, finum. 1.383.

Rive ia. Islands of the ge: of Carpentaria, R. B ifi Mane t Victoria

ver and Sturt's Creek, F. Mueller ; Dampier's Archipelago, Wales Port Essing-

n Armstrong ; Port Darwin [347 n. 210, 312, 453. orthern specimens

th efly with rather large scattered or ped dustebed ipd aig [ju have sometimes

e leaf-sheaths slightly hairy, whic rà utes the Poa pubescens, R. Br. Prod. 181;

d d.

1 ueensland, Prince of Wales Lid: and Keppel Ba Nu Brown ; numer

ocalities in northern and southern Queensland and in the interior, 4. dunvingham

z oit Jf Gillivra; Y, Boso Oo Shane a and many others, with very numero

5 Wales. Port Jackson, = Br OWN, ge = cruda pini — d,

bei; Liverpool pem ns, C. Moore; Clarence River, Wil d River,

Fawcett ; Lachlan Darling Ri m i? Ounvingham, Dailachy y pin: p chiefly

with small spikelets

Victoria. Dan enong Ranges, King, Murray and Ovens Rivers, F. Mueller ;

Glenelg erat Mier tson.

W. Australia, Blackwood River, Walcot; Murchison River, Oldfield.

Var. M ta. A lant, often 3 or 4 ft. hi with long flat leaves and

i arger plant, often 3 0 gh, lee tat Be

large Spikelets in dense distinct clu sters,— Poa interrupta, R. Pr. -

grostis dre Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 27 eavour qiie n and Solander ;

Hervey Bay, R. Brown ; f heat: River, Wileos ; 'Tweed River, C. Moore; alsoin

Leichhardt s yen d al

Spikelets rat ther small, most of them

ar. patens. Panicle loose, often spreadi

x p 2M R. Brown, Woolls and others ;

Var

shortly hore tt —Port Jackson and Blue Mountains,

Victoria, F. Muell

The species appears tobe widely spread in East India er — | probably di —

E. zeylanica, Nees, and some others, and comes very clos

E, Urvillei, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279, from deg Holland, D Urville, is pss to

me, but there is nothing in Steudel's diagnosis to distinguish it from. E. Bro

2. E. concinna, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279.—A rigid tufted grass

dew: l ft. and often under 6 6 in. high. Leaves convolute, vetet

articulate. Flowering glumes closely distichous, r:

long, the lateral ducto Je the middle o e very F prominent

Palea rather broad, the keels ciliate especially in the up

long rigid cilia. Stamens 2, with very small anthers.—Poa concinna,

Prod. 180

. Br.

Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown Sten to his

herbarium, but mace in the Prodromus by mistake as from Port Jackson :

Central Australia. Lake Eyre, abies Lewis.

648 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Eragrostis.

13. E. speciosa, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279.—8Stems 2 to 3 ft.

inb dd and narrow, os debes almost filiform, rah Panic

lateral nerve prominent at the base on each side. Palea a not ias “Jong,

curved, truncate, persistent. Stamens 2 in the flowers exam ned. ae

elegans, R. Br. Prod. 181; P. speciosa, Roem. and Schult. Sy oy il. 5

N. Australia. vrei of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. B

Queensland. Robinson River, Armit ; Gracemere, Or Shanes y; King’s Creek,

Bowman.

Cen

tral Australia. Hamilton River, M‘Douall Stuart.

14. E. laniflora, Benth.— Rhizome and somewhat bulbous be p

bs stems woolly-hairy. Stems 1 to 14 ft. high, slightly cottony at A

es. Leaves narrow, flat, with Mabrods sheat ths. Panicle ioose,

to 6 in. long, with ivaricate or refl ed seabrous branches Pie

lets very shortly pedicellate and not nu s, divaricate or reflexed,

very

, . long, nearly 2 lines broad with 20 to 50 eo

the rhachis tardily articulate. lumes rather broad, very spen e e T

distichous, enveloped at the base in woolly hairs. Palea nearly y

long, the keels ciliate with soft ein near the base. buie wi

ratherlong anthers. Grain globul

N. S. Wales. Darling River, M

Australia. Lake

s. For

Central e Eyre, Voie Charlotte Waters and towards West

Australia, Giles.

15. E. eriopoda, Benth ed 4 to 1: f. high, soie

Tro

reduced to an interrupted spi e, in others divided into s iere

Spikelets nearly sessile, scattered or in pairs, very flat,

9 lines long, above 1 line broad, with 10 to 30 or more flowers M

closely distichous but rather spreading, obtuse, Paw hyaline wi yi

n nerve on each side, glabrous. Palea as long. Stam

2 eur all the flowers examined, with rather large gli ste

past Walco Cygnet Bay, N. W. coast, A. Cunningham ; Dampier's Archipe-

9, ateot.

6. E. chetophylla, Sveud. Syn. 279.—Stems from à

shortly thickened almost UTE woolly- — base — ly

tufted, slender but rigid, 6 in. to . high, often leafy to

orescence. Lasy aves ve

rather numerous, gie ortly adio er

thin, 2 to 4 or rarely 6 lines long, 146 m lines ica: 6- to 30-fi owe

oe CXLIV. GKAMINER. 649

he Palea neal as long, glabrous. Stamens 3. Grain small,

ee —E ia, Nees in Hook. Lond. done ii. 419, not o

ety Poa deside T. Muell. Rep. Babb. Exped. 21, not of R. Br.

Cygne z N. W. Coast, A. Cunningham.

Queensland. "wacko District, Birch.

inen S. Wales. Plains of the Lachlan and Darling, A. Cunningham, Mitchell,

urkitt.

S. Australia. Cudnak -T River, F. Mueller ; Sturt's Creek, Babbage’s

cov end n Water rs, Giles ; Lake Eyre, Andrews.

Murchison mE Oldfield ; Fraser's Range. Dempster.

Var. ? pauciflora. Spikelets small, few-flowered, most of them however imperfectly

developed i in the specimens seen.—Lake Eyre, Andrews

Sect. III. Cynryprostacnya.—Spikelets very narrow, terete or

nearly so, the rhachis scarcely or tardily articulate. Glumes closely

appressed. Palea usually persistent.

Muell. Herb.—Stems slender, almost filiform

1L E. lacunaria, F. M

ost

but rigid, 6 in. to 1 ft. or rarely 15 ft. red the base sometimes

obsolete, the rined sckieili articulate. Palea nearly as long.

Queensland. Gracemere, 0’ Shanesy ; near the Barcoo, Birch ; Darling Downs,

ae ; alba i in Mitchell's subtropical collection

Mur

. Wales. Mount Murchison, Da lach

S. Australia. Morunda, Murray River, F. oai; Lake Eyre, Andrews.

With the habit and inflorescence nearly of Æ. chetophylla, this has the spikelets

rather of E. falcata.

terete, often curved, from 4 or 5

broad, with 12 to 50 or even more flowers, the rhachis scarcely u-

ate. Flowering glumes closely cy scarcely 1 line long, obtuse,

hyaline at the en eel and a lateral nerve on each side very

prominent. Palea ratber shorti € curved, fertis Styles slender.

Grain ovate, flattened—Poa fa leata, Gaudich. L c.

Queensland. Mitchell District, Birch. | e

N. S. Wales. pier the Lachlan and Darling to the Barrier Range, Victorian

"Ezpedition and many oth

650 CXLIV. GRAMINES. [ Eragrostis. |

Tuone. vinna, Herb. F. Mue

Aus Morunda o, WP kw send F. Mueller; Alice Springs and

Chant Nato Giles ; Lake il,

alia. Sharks dn Gaudichand) ; Swan River, D: Xi co

also n. : 149, 974, 975; Murchison River, Oldfield ; Fraser's Range, Dew

Some depauperate dwarf specimens ideo the Darling, Mrs. Forde, have qe puce

reduced to 1 to 3 or 4 very long attenuated spikelets, but the structure is the same.

9. E. stenostachya, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 279. — Stems above 1 ft.

hig "x slender. Leaves very narrow elabrous. Panicle with few

horizontally divaricate slender but r id branches, Spikelets sessile or

nearly so, scattered or clustered, borisoufelis divaricate or reflexed,

10-flowered, the rhachis not articulate. Flowering glumes closel

appressed, rather obtuse, thin almost hyaline, the nerves €

eonspieuous. engen rather shorter, very narrow.— oa stenostachya,

R. Br. Prod. 1

Saray as softer River, Banks and Solander, a single specimen in Herb.

Banks

È,

Var. ? floribunda. Leaves TR 4to 6 in, long, the orifice of the "ep ve eeu

with a fèw (— ‘Pan cle oe m with more numerous Sp sara u

shape and divaricate or med n the same as in Danks's specimen

N. Australia. Port Daveds, Schultz, n. 802.

92. POA, Linn.

loo

Spikelets several- usuaily few-flowered, ina panicle usually 100

and spreading rarely narrow and spikelike, the rhachis of the zd

are between the flowering glumes. Glumes tines ae unan ToP

prominently 2-nerved or B kool. Grain enclosed in the voie

palea and falling off with them, but free or rarely adnate to the pa

. The genus is the most widely diffused over the globe in the whole dosi SET

in temperate and coo opi pelma, Appius e Arctic circle and n sum: uio od, one

eight Australian species one is a common European weed probabl y introd to be

nid rie ue re also s Now Canini, the remaining six or five appear

Perennials. Grain Vibes to the pal

Panicle narrow and dense, the atikel ariang e Jp, Billar ard

era small id loose. (Plant imperfectly knoy wn) . Py MS

Puede d enclosed in the glume and palea but free

Leaves setaceous or ee and convolute = ending in

eene dense and : or

—S Spike ELM 4-to ^y Pini a Glumes itosā.

and palea glabrous or with woolly hairs at the base, 3. P. cespitosa

P oa. | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 651

Leaves convolute. Panicle loose with long capillary .

branches. Spikelets 2- or 3-flowered. . . . . . 4. P. Maxwelli.

Le p t, narrow, acuminate. Panicle rather dense.

-flow

ciliate-pubescent. € UM atthe base 5. P. nodosa.

Leaves flat, rigid, obtuse ute. Panicle spikelike ‘but

loose. Spiheleta 3- ori. lv cred, glabro 6. P. saxicola,

Annuals. Leaves flat, flac

noe ei "Spi ikelets 2 lines eae aes centr

5-nerved, glabrous or minutely silky wr 7. P. annua.

ours narrow. Spikelets My 3 lines long. Flow

glumes 7- to "a the keel ciliate at the

pe vith long hair 8. P. lepida.

Nov. Holl. i. 27, ..85; i Poa sasira var. Billardieri, Hook.

Tasm. ii. 123.

N. Australia. Cygnet Bay, N. ae ‘som A. Cunningham.

Tasmania, Labillardiére, P some o

W. Australia, Drummond ; South West Bay, A. Cunningham.

In flower this species is difficult to distinguish from some aoe of the amd

form of P. cespitosa, though it has generally a denser cons erect panicle, with mo

eoi orien but the grain when ripe is very different. It is possible that

some of the specimens I have included in X. eespitosa, having seen them in flower

only, may belong to P. Billardieri, especially some of the maritime ones from Lord

Howe's Island; and some from Portland in Victoria

P. homomalla, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 104. —A grass of 1 ft. or

niste the stems nea rly si imple. Leaves flat, 1 line broad, with very

flat striate sheaths, the ligula conspicuous. Panicle narrow, loose, 1 to

2 in. long with erect flexuose rather ri

à ;

` W. Australia. Toody i. Preiss, n. 18 hi id pi s I have seen is

too imperfect for doceri and the above character is taken chiefly from Nees.

Some imperfect specimens from Kari Dale, Walcot, o may belong g to the same species,

ut the

Z3: P, cæspitosa, Forst.; Spreng. Mant. i. Fi. Hal. 33, and in

Mem. Acad. Petersb. ii. (1807-8), 302, t. 8.—An exceedingly variable

652 CXLIV. GRAMINE F. [ Poa.

usually surrounded by a few fine woolly hairs but sometimes the whole

spikelet glabrous, the cilia of the palea-keels when present very minute.

Grain oblong, usually narrow, enclosed in the glume and palea but free

from them.——P. australis, P. levis, P. plebeia a and P. affinis, R. Br.

Prod. 179 ; P. australis, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 123, except the var. a.

Queensland. Only known from the districts bordering on N. 5. Wales, Beckler,

Bailey.

S. Wales, Victoria, Tas a, and W. Australia. Appears to. be

iens nt in the "ettled and. piment ur richer ey of these colonies,

whence we have specimens from stations far td numerous t o particularise, k : have

seen scarcely any from the desert interior. The species is "Mir in New Zea

The pian of the s species are very great and it is difficult to ati dun

ingle one, yet they -— to be so closely connected by numerous er i

mediates, that precise ia iie nnot be given to the different forms, of whic

following are the m ah

The typical form, agreeing eus with pg figure and description wen :

is said from a New Zealand specimen of F r's) is well repre esented by

specimens from Lord Howe’s Island, crow with tall leafy stems, me long font

lute smooth wn Aon the panicle. Glumes about 2 lines long. tel

orig Sipe oe am habit the P. Billar dieri i, but in the few he aa ones seen

grain is vehi w and free

Var, plebeia. Tall and leafy. Leaves narrow, flat or more or less con Tim:

Panicle exceeding the leaves, rather jen and pore Glumes 2 to x tin me "X

ially surrounded b ew e's hai Nee

ER. Br;

ii. 105.—Chiefly in N. S. Wales and in W. Australia bra vins, n. 1800; Dr Drummond n:

449 dg Port din. R, Brown).

serpentum.—Like the var. plebeia or the var. Sora but the rhachis "e A

spikelat and base of the hune MESE labrous ntum, Nees in Pl.

ii. 106.—Apparently common in W. A eatin.

Var. ave Very tall and luxuriant, with flat ade often 2 to 4 ot ey a

A very few specimens from Illaw. arra, Johnson, and Munyong Mountain Mueller

Var. levis. Leaves, when most hatietoristio zx erect, terete, Sm T

shining, and the neck vine reper but in many specimens the leaves m n

and sometimes filiform e var. australis, but always quite smooth, the

then taller and the eiie cto diffuse. Glumes usually about EG lines mei

P x m io f Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 275; P. afinis, Nees, l. c e «d

specim from the southern colonies, (Preiss, n, 1830, ti, 1 y ummon

168 and 449 pes Kent's Group and King George's Sound, R. B

Var. alpina, F. Muell. A dwarf tufted form, with the rigid smooth saree c

var. levis and the short loose panicles of some specimens of the var. austraus-

Mount Wellington in Tasmania, Gun», Oldfield.

- Var. «cen cd „Leaves cbe d narrow but often flat as in the var. plebeia, iio

panicle ore numerous smaller spikelets, the glumes usually lonies

song See ainis T R. Br.— One of the commonest forms in the eastern 00

Poa.) CXLIV. GRAMINER. 653

but t pass ing much into the smooth P. australis and into P. levis, in W. Aus tralia

often loosing the woolly — se the spikelet and passing into P. serpentum, (Port

Jackson, R. “Brown ; W. Australia, Drummond, n. 981, etc.)

> Var. art € Leaves mostly radical, setaceous, much shorter than the

erect and exceedingly scabrous. Stems underl ft. high with a very loose uae

rather small panicle. Glumes 1 to 14 lines lon g.—P. australis, R. Br. Prod. 179 ;

Nees in Sie st. n. 77; P. Sieberiana, Spreng. Syst. Cur. Post, eet P. impies,

in, in Mem. Acad. Petersb. ser, 6. i. 388. Tasmania, very abundant (R. Brow

e described. In Mae and N. S. Wales the E Puts

er eon Ste = -Syn Glum., i. 262.— Woods and ina places, N. 'S. Wales, Victoria

4. P. Maxwelli, Benth—An erect tufted glabrous smooth and

shining grass of 2 or 3 ft. or more. Leaves long, convolute, almost sub-

ulate. Panicle from a few inches to 1 ft. long, narrow but very loose,

he ele

pedieellate té the munde: searcely 2 lines long, glabrous, 2- or 3-

flowered. Flowering glumes rather broad, very obtuse, EN , with

scarious entire or denticulate tips. Palea nearly as long and rather

broad, glabrous. Stamens 3. Grain oblong, free.

` W. Australia. King George's Sound, Maxwell.

5. P. nodosa, Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii. 105.—Stems usually about 2

ft. high, facing at the base 1, 2 or 3 superposed globular or ovoid

nodules, 3 or “4 lin nes dibiicter: Takida ong, narrow, flat, usually

scabrous. Panicle loose, narrow or spreading. Spikelets s 3 to 4 lines

long, 5- to 8-flowered, rather narrow at first with closely a pressed

glumes, at length broad and flat, the Pe spreading out. Flowering

glumes about 2 lines long, 5-nerved, without the woolly hairs at the

e of most Poe, but shortly ciliate-pubescent on the keel and mar-

o below the middle. Palea "ad as long, the keels minutelv

ili ERE free. Muel viii.

rous.

132 ; P. brizochloa, F. Muell. in dran. Viet. Inst. 1855, 45 ; P. Drum-

Tege akg i in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 418 ; P. cognata, Steud. Syn.

kgs

tralia. Lofty Ranges and other localities from St. Vincent's Gulf to

B X x egg River, Oldfeld, Drummond, 169 and

W. Aus an River, rum n.

Champion Ba Bay wart iiid River, Oldfield ; near Limekiln, Preiss, n. er; West

y, Maxwell.

654 CXLIV. GRAMINES. | Poa.

When fu a out the pet eles are broad almost áp those ofa Briza, but in I

specimens both from S, and West Au: milia: cei e lanceolate close in rath

thick, but — EN olmeca 1 is owing to a di ilte rent stage of development

rather than to any distinction of ra

. oe R. Br. Prod. 180.—A_ glabrous perennial, i to 1i

ft. high. gom ew, flat, rigid, acute or almost obtuse, 1 to 2 lines

broad, the upper ones small and distant with long sheaths. : Panicle

on a long pedunele, very narrow, with few erect branches. Spikelets

few, oblong, about 3 lines g, 3- or 4-flowered, the rhachis glabrous.

Flowering glumes broad, A obtuse, about 1i lines long, closely

imbricate, minutely ciliate, ths keel rather prominent, E lateral nerves

Gra

very we 2 on each side. ain not seen.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii.

125, t. 164.

Tasm Summit of Mount Wellington, R. Brown, panes Apparently a

very distinct : species more nearly allied to P. nodosa than to P. spite but Lm p

only seen the specimen figured by J. D. Hooker and g”: He

Bro own.

* 3. T annua, Linn.; Kun th, Enum. i. 349,—A tuna annual,

often only 2 or 3 in., did rarely 1 ft. high. Leaves flat, flaccid.

Senis — and spreading. Spikelets shortly pedicellate, about 2

lines long, 3- tọ 6-flowered, the rhachis glabrous. Flowering glumes

more or less distinctly 5- nerved, with a yaline apex, the keel often

minutely silky-hairy. Grain free, oblong.

A common grass in the northern hemisphere, now a naturalised m— in ee

shinies! said es T abundant in Victoria, Tasmania, S. Aus

alia, as in "der stations in N. S. Wales and in ipu wei

8. P. lepida, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 130.—An erect annual, Jiii

from 2 or 3 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, more slender and less spreading

less silky-hairy. Flowering glumes narrow, obtuse, ind 3 T "

long, 7- to 11-nerved, the keel prominent, ciliate with sts hairs "below

the middle ; outer glumes 3-nerved. Grain apparently broader than in

most Poe aud broadly furrowed, but not seen ripe.

Murray and Darling Rivers, Victorian Expedition ; Lachlan

er basing i Mire Burkitt

S. A Crystal Brook, F. Mueller, near Lake Greenley, Wilhelmi.

93. SCHEDONORUS, Beauv.

Spikelets several-flowe red, flattened, in a narrow and spikelike or

loose and spreading pauiele, the thachis of the spikelet — or

gne CXLIV. GRAMINE. 655

Tabi hairy, articulate under the flowering glumes, Outer empty

puer narrow, acute, Men led or Brus ved. Flowering glume usually

om or

nearly as long, usually rather broad prominently 2-ne erved. Styles

singe slightly excentrical. Grain very obtuse, usually broadly fur-

, free from the palea.

The genus comprises several species, qu from the temperate regions ofthe

shortheet i or the southern hemisphere ; its limits are yp Ra Me oie von unsettled.

Of the three Australian species, one is also » New Zealand, t r two a appear

M = — on name of the genus is frequently spelt by peels ir Schenodorus,

x F

ovary, from Festuca in the flow ering glume and from both in the free grain, in

which it approaches Poa and Glyceria, but differs in the flowering glume and

and somewhat in habit.

Panicle narrow, dense and spikelike or interrupted.

eaves none except Baca scales at the base of the

C MENU . . IL. S. seirpoidcus.

Lea ves long. erect and ri rigid pee ta M S MP LEE ay LO.

Panicle looseand spreading . . . . . . 8 S. Hookerianus.

(See also Poa Billardieri, which has the grain i ficis as in Schedonorus.)

1. S. scirpoideus, Benth.—Stems rushlike, terete, rigid, 2 to 4 ft.

high, leafless except anhaa a, appressed sheathing scales at

the base, the longest inner one 6 to 8 in. long, Panicle narrow w and

flat, oval or oblong, 4 to 8 lines long, 6- to 8- flowered. Glumes straw-

coloured or pale-brown, rigid, about 3 lines long, the flowering ones

obtuse or slightly notched with the keel produced into a short point

in some specimens, not rotruding in others, ton 2 outer empty ones

more acute and keeled Euh the base. Ovary glabrous. Styles ond

longer with darker coloured stigmas than in ers Festucacer. Gra

free and furrowed, but not seen ripe. —Brizopyrum ia arg Steud.

“eh D, Siah Put Festuca trenes F. Muell. Fragm, vii

ttoralis, Beauv. Agrost. 99. e 1 to 3 ft. high, forming

des ps tufts of a pale y ow colour, Leaves nearly cy drical,

PO , dense and spi e, 2 to 4 in. long. Spikele few,

fst, sos 7 vs 9 lines p 6- s owe d Hug m about 4

long, PER w-coloured, the flowering ones nerves on each

slightly protruding, the 2 outer empty ones narrower,

656 CXLIV. GRAMINE. [ Schedonorus.

Rhachis of the spikelet shortly hairy.—Festuca littoralis, nih Pi;

Nov. Holl. i. 22, t. 27 ; R. Br. Prod. 178; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm, ii. 128;

Sieb. Agrostoth. n. 58; Arundo triodioides, Trin. Spec. Grat. t 351;

Schedonorus Billardierianus, Nees in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 419.

Sg as Moreton Island, F. Mueli

N. ales. Port Jackson, R. Brows, Woolls; also in Leichhardt's col-

lectio

Victoria, Sea-shore, Port Phillip, Adamson ; Wilson's Promontory, F.

Meters

Tasmania, Labillardiére ; AE on rocks and sandhills near the coast, J. D.

ates * King 's Is en d, Nea

S. lia. Lake ida: F. Mueller.

Man triticoides. Stems igi n I oie larger than in the typical form.

au s about } in. long, the outer often E nerved and the flowering

nes 7. Bir ved: air ni. e T Stend BA Glum,

W. Australia, Drummond, n 70, 150, 377, 393.

ookerianus, Benth.—A stout giganto of 2 to4 ft. ipia

or slightly exten RM. Leaves flat, rather long. Panie very

loose, 6 in. to 1 ft. long, with rather short and erect or Toni an

spreading i^ aed V i numerous, 4 to 5 lines long, 4- to 6-

glumes rigidly ie e about 3 lines ea

eeki only in the s part, the tip hyaline, entire or notched, t

keel produced into a short point; outer glumes shorter, unequal, d

minentlv keeied, the 2nd often 3-nerved. iun sa Hookeriana, i .

Muell. in Hook. Fl. Tasm. ii. 127, t. 165; Poa p rR Muell

Fragm. viii. 131.

Victoria. Berrima and Cobberas Mountains, Australian Alps, F. Mueller ; cul-

tivated at Ballarat, Baechus

Tasmania. Cheshunt, y E Meander River, C. Stuart.

94. GLYCERIA, R. Br.

the nerves not reaching to the hyaline obtuse sometimes slightly den-

tieulate apex. Palea nearly as long as the glume. Ovar ry d glabrous.

Styles distinet, very "os the plumose stigmas frequently more

branched than in other g nera. Grain glabrous, enelosed in ithe glume

and palea but tè from th the

The gei is MEME fitriuted over the temperate a some warmer regions of

the globe. Of the en Australian species, one has extensive range in the

northern hemisphere both in the New and the Old World, one extends to New

remaining five appear to be endemi

Glyceria, | CXLIV. GRAMINER. 657

most marked in the G. fluitans and exist to a certain degree in some other foi

ey are however, as far as has been apati not constant in all the species which

have been included in the genus, which requir s farther revision in connection wi

some closely allied ones from the northern ae

Flowering glumes with a tuft of hairs round the base or

on the back below the middle. Panicle loose 1. G. Fordeana.

Rhachis and base of the flowering glumes glabrous or

Stems rarely 3 ft. high. nicle narr

Panicle long and loose. Spikelets 4 : v 1 in. Flowering

gu distant, narrow, 3 lines long, outer apa

uch shorter . . G. fluitans,

Panions — Spikel ets. few, broad, } to 3 in.

' Flov Mamie Se , 3 to 4 lines Bos

oe pe^

merid "yt “Spikelets numerous, narrow, 3 to 4

Flowering glumes 11 lines long .

— 6t to 12 ft. high, voies ith jon ng le eg Panicle

and loose. Spikelets numerous, 3 to 4 lines

G. latispicea.

. G. stricta.

G. dives.

Stems ong rigid, ‘tall with few short leaves and often

clusters of short bra m Flowering glumes hya-

e, 3-nerved at rm

Panicle very — ‘Spikelets 6- to 12-flowered.

astern . 6. G. ramigera.

| OR oblong, k Spikelets numerous, 4- to 6-

flowered. Western species . T. G. australasica.

1 ordeana, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 130.—An erect glabrous

grass attaining 2 or 3 ft. Leaves flat, very scabrous. Panicle very

ode. compou und, 4 to 8 in. long, with very spreading capillary branches,

— lanceolate, mostly 4 to : E

long, 8- to ids M er r glumes acu ute, 3 3-nerved ;

S. Wales. Darling River, Mrs. Forde; Lachlan River, Burkitt; Mount

Murchison Bonney.

Victoria. Mi River, F. Mueller ; Wimmera, Wilson.

2. G. fluitans, R. Br. Prod. 179.—Stems creeping in - mud or

floating at the base, ascending to 2 or 3 ft. Leaves narrow u^

` glabrous, the ligula jagged. Panicle loose, long and narrow. Spike t s

solitary in the distant notches or 2 or 3 on a short branch ge nd

same notch, erect, narrow, } to J in. long, 6- to 20-flowered, the rhachis

glabrous as well as the glumes. ter glumes broad, obtuse, hyaline,

faintly nerved at the base, the lowest ora Mer pede

flowering glumes more rigid, about 3 lines ud out ;

not reaching to the hyaline obtuse entire or slightly ee me apex.

658 CXLIV. GRAMINER, T Glyceria.

Lodieules usually connate.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 122; Reichb. Ic.

Fl. Germ. t. 80; Festuca fluitans, Linn. ; F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 129.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, Woolls; New England, Leich-

hardt

. Black Forest, Curdie's River, pe Loddon, etc., F. Mueller ;

Ballarat, Bacchus.

Tasmania. Common in wet places, J. D. Hook :

ustralia. Porroteranthe Vm . Glum. i. 287, from

Drummond’ E — 2 390 and 9 27! in He Es Took, A appears s to be a variety

or small ven vues of G. fluitans, nh the flowering glumes more distant than

usual along t

zw species is punt in the northern hemisphere, in the New as well as the

Old rld.

3. G. latispicea, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 127. —Stems erect, ii ataia

2 or3 ft. Leaves flat, glabrous, the ligula long and jagged. Panicle

N. S. Wales. Gwidir }River and Myall Creek, Leichhardt ; New England,

C. Stuart. The Us sm Seen are few and the species requires further elucidation.

It seems in some respects to approach Schedonorus, and the grain is rather narrower

than in most Glyceria, but not seen quite ripe.

stricta, Hook. f. Fl. Nov. Zel. i. 304, Fl. Tasm. ii. 123, t. 162.

i iod glabrous erect annual of 1 to 14 "E Led very narrow,

erect, with broad loose sheaths. Pakis narrow, 3 to 6 in. long, the

branches clustered, erect or at length spreading, the lower ones often

s as Spikelets narrow, 3 to 4 lines long, 5- to 8- lowered, iis rhachis

delicate. Grain concave on the inner face.— — Pow a syrtica, . Muell.

— ie: Inst. 1855, 45; Festuca syrtica, F. Mue Il. Fr rag.

: €— ground, Melbourne, Adamson.

Tasmania. Marshes, Launceston n, Gunn

re pertes Sandy Shores of dietus s and St, Vincent's Gulfs, F. Mue «i

Drummond, n. 60, 150, 219; Busselton, Pries (with the spikele

branches es).

a a a eei a. Mort

G. tenuispica, Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 285, is founded on small specimens of Drum-

mond s, n. 347, in i in fruit with many of the ste m uel veral of the fruits

fallen awa way.

The species is also in New Zealand.

Glyceria. | CXLIV. GRAMINEX. 659

5. G. dives, F. Muell. Herb.—A stout erect glabrous grass attaining

lO to 12 feet. Leaves flat, long and broad or narrow, with long loose

sheaths. Panicle very loose and spreading, 6 in.

flowered, the rhachis glabrous. Outer glumes acute, prominently

lines long, broad, with 5 prominent scabrous nerves, not reaching the

hyaline tip, the margins as well as the keels of the palea shortly ciliate.

F. Muell.

Lodieules slightly united at the base.— Festuca dives,

Fragm. iii. 147, viii. 129.

Victoria. Upper Yarra, Dandenong Range, Bunip Creek, F. Mueller.

short on the flowering stems. Panicle 4 to 8 in. long, loosely ovate or

at length very spreading. Spikelets rather numerous, usually 3 to 5

lines long with o flowers, but sometimes longer, the rhachis

glabrous. Outer glumes narrow, hyaline, acute, faintly l-nerved;

N. S. Wales. Lachlan River, 4. Cunningham ; Molle’s Plains, Fraser ; Mur-

rumbidgee and lower Darling Rivers, Victorian and other Expeditions.

ori immera, Wilson (a very poor specimen).

Murray River, F. Mueller.

7. G. australasica, S/eud. ^

glabrous, many feet high. Leaves few short and erect, mostly leaving

sheaths only at the time of flowering. Panicle narrow, 3 to 4 in. long

wi e

glabrous. Glumes thin and hyaline, the outer ones short, nerveless

or the 2nd 1-nerved ; flowering glumes 1 to 14 lines long, broad, obtuse

T slightly jagged, 3-nerved at the base. Grain not seen.

W. Australia. Drummond, n. 107, 387. This and the preceding species may

Possibly prove to be varieties of one, but they appear to me to be distinct.

95. BRIZA, Linn.

: : EPET

Spikelets several-flowered, broad, flattened but thin, on filiform p

cels, in a simple or compound panicle, the rhachis of the spikelet gla-

brous. Flowering glumes imbricate but spreading, very broad, mem-

2v2

660 CXLIV. GRAMINES. | Briza.

branous or scarious, very concave or inflated, unawned. rie qn

smaller but very broad and flat. Grain obovate, concave in fron

closed in the palea and almost vesicular glume, free from i

small genus widely spread in its typical form over the temperate regions of the

northern and southern hemisphere iur: as introduced weeds in some tropical coun-

iries, but in a more general sense ede uding the South American genus Chaseols ytrum.

oid ke pete ee tern loose and spreading, Spikelets scarcely

1, B. minor.

“Panicle presen Simple with few v spikelets ti in, . long ‘and at least

4 lines broad 2. B, maxima,

res » Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 372.—An erect annual, from

nches rs ges 1 ft. high. Leaves rather short, flat, the ligu ula

searious and often above 3 lines long. Panicle usually 2 to 3 in. long

much branched and at length spreading, with numerous thick Se

peta 2 lines long and as broad or at length broader.—Reichb. Ic.

Germ. t. 92 . Muell. Fragm. viii. 125; B. virens, Linn. ; Nees iv

PI. Prete: 3 ii. 107.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson and various localities in the interior, R. Brown,

VU and EN. Lord Howes Island, Fullagar

a. Common about Melbourne, Ballarat, etc., F. Mueller, Adamson and

= tt pen

Tasmania, Gunn, C. Stuart, Story and e: te

S. Australia. Around St. Vincent’s a d Spencer's Eee F. Mueller.

WV. Australia. Swan and Blackwood 1 Rivers, Oldfield.

Rede read of ee origin b w fully — Ns exteatropios!

h America and Africa, and though of. iae inteni ction in arts of A

tuart hebes es that it is found in Mira pea ea m Tasmania.

is not admitted i in Hooker s Flora of ; simis

* 2. B. maxima, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 371.—An erect annual

of 1 to 2 ft. Leaves flat, n a rather long ligula. Panicle almost

pean species, not so Vias, spread as B. minor, but long since cultivated i in

grlensf for. orname nt and now y aga da established i in a few localities in N. S.

» C. Moore, S. Australia, F. Mueller, and W. Australia, Oldfield and others.

96. BROMUS, Linn.

Spikelets several-flowered, oblong or lanceolate, xp a or

drooping, in a more or less branched panicle, the rhachis o

let articulate between the flowering glumes, nee or antes

esa Vers empty glumes acute or fine-pointed, wned.

Bromus. | CXLIV. GRAMINE. 661

the 2 p rominent nerves usually seabrous-eiliate. Ovary —

crowned by a hairy membranous appendage, the very short c

styles more or less lateral. Grain datzened Caci to the palea gr

often more or less to the base of the glu

The e genus is widely dis rat pend e the temperate regions of rs globe. Of the

three species here enumerated tw re probably introduce ed from urope, one only

i poi gel to re bot Be y ee ee buf i is Mid i in New Zealand, and is probasi the same

siatic

Spikelets bed under 3 3 in. with rh awns. Flowering eure

oblong, turgid, closely imbri 1. B. mollis,

a: lancoo ate, flattened, l rs H in. long with the awns.

ring glumes s narrow, loo osely im mbricate . . B. arenarius.

ike: linet apen flattened, 2 in, long with the awns.

,Fle ring glumes narrow, loosely imbricate — . . 8. B: sterilis.

- B. mollis, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 413.—An erect grass of 1

.to 2 fi, more or less so ftly pubescent, Leaves flat. Panicle either

small with few erect spikerekn, or larger and at length wee Spike-

lets oblong or lanceolate, 1 to $ in. long, not so flat a other

species 8 ostly bout 7-nerved but the nerves rome

more in the flowering glumes, fewer in the outer jee s, t

An ran Teese now established in various localities in IN. S. Wales, Vic-

toria and Tas:

yh longer, about 7-nerved,

i "rng on the back the awn free from a little below the scarious tip,

: id in. long. NE australis, R. Br. Prod. 178; Nees in Pl. Preiss

ii. 108.

and gre in the interior to the Lach-

Port Jackson, R. Brown, yak: od

N. S. Wales.

lanand Darling, M+Arthur, Burkitt and others

quarrie, C. Moore.

Victoria. Forest Creek, F. Mueller; Melbourne, Adamson; Portland, Allitt ;

mg! River, Gummon.

S. Australia. St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Muell er, Behr ; Mount Olga,

W. Australia. Swan River, Quireid Drummond, n. xd 386, Bo [X —

Specimens tall and veg A seams ers short and densely p pubescent ;

Island, Preiss, n. 1828, 1839.

Var. macrostachya. Spikelets 1 in. long, each with 16 to 20 flo Aeron Tale in the

interior of N. S. Wales, ‘UW Arthur ; Darling River, Victorian Expedition

662 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [ Bromus.

unro thinks the species may be the same as the P. japonicum, Thunb. If this

ARM be verified Thunberg’s name would take precedence over Labillardiere 8.

* 3. B. sterilis, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 418.—An erect grass of

1 to 2 ft. Leaves flaccid, softly pubescent. Panicle loose with rather

long erect at lengt ei ta branches. Spikelets linear-lanceolate,

mostly about 1 in. a without the awns, 6- to Babee Outer

n fi

long, the 2nd longer, yae ed. Poems glumes xb 5- or

N. S. Wales. Pide. Woolls.

Victoria. Yarra River, F. Mueller

Tasmania. Swanport, ‘Story yj Ravenswood, Bissill ; King's Island, Neate,

common grass in Europe, probably introduced from thence to the above Aus-

sation stations.

* 97. CERATOCHLOA, Beauv. and DC.

Spikelets several-flowered, flat, pedicellate, in a branched pe the

om of -— spikelet articulate between the flow ering glumes, gla-

brous. Glumes all complicate, keeled, several-nerved, entire, acai or

the glume, prominently 2-nerved. Ovary ned by a T 3-lobed

An American genus of few openee, of which the typical one (from which alone

the above Kerhot is taken) has become introduced into Australia as in South

Africa. Beauvois expressly erum that the genus was concurrently established by

De Cando lle and himself.

. C. ee DC. Cat. Hort, Monsp. 92.—An erect grass of

2 fi, i more. Leaves more or less pubescent, with soft eared

iie]

Festuca ibit , Willd. Hort. Berol. 3

B. and K.: Ku nth, Enum. i. 415; B. Willdenownii, Kunth, l. c.

Ceratochloa festucoides, Beauv. Agrost. 75, 158, t. 15, f. 7.

An American plant, chiefly wp oce from Patagonia to British Colum-

, Tasmania,

bia, now reported as naturalised in a few localities in IN. S. Wales

and S. Australia, as in South a

98, FESTUCA, Linn.

Doe. several-flowered, pedicellate, in loose and spreading or

compact and erect more or less one-sided panicles, the rhachis of the .

Festuca. | CXLIV. GRAMINE. 663

Oute umes narrow, acute, keeled, usually un equal Flowe ing

mes narrow, acute or aperin into an untwisted awn or rarely

obtuse, round : back, ieri nerved. Palea narrow, with

The genus is Tur generally spread over the globe eem in temperate or

es pion 3. Of the three following species one is introduced only from

r, Fragm. viii. 127 et seq. unites Agropyrum, Triodia, Diplachne, Schedo-

norus in Gn yceria with pon. Ls he has not P ished his character for the com-

posite genus thus form eo nor do I well see how ould be fr: rame ed without part erg

also Triticum, Poa, Bromus and seve nasi others A ig as distin

Annual. Panicle lente vts. — Awns long.

Stamen usuall i

Perennials, Panicle po Sta men

Small rigid annual. Pani icle-branehes ink , secund; Flower-

ing glumes obtuse, unawned .

i F. b

RE us bee Se

3. F. rigida.

. bromoides, Lin».; Kunth, Enum. i. 396.—A slender tufted

annual, Don a few inches to above 1 ft. high. Leaves chiefly at the base,

narrow and cony volute, often quite cotaceous. Panicle slender, one-

sided, contracted, usually rather dense and 2 o 6 in. long, with sho

erect branches, in small specimens reduced to r or 3 spikelets. Spike-

lets shortly pedicellate, under E in. long without the awns, 5- to

9-flowered. Glumes very narrow, the lowest under 2

lateral nerves, the 2nd empty one 3-nerved, taperin g to a point

awn; flowering glumes obscurely nerved, about 3 “ines long, ponie

into a fine awn at least as long as themselves. Stam only. =

adnate, long and narrow.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 127 ; F. plebeia, &.

Br. Prod. 178.

Vy cem Brisbane Ma Bay, ey.

Victoria, ar eats ge over the Yarra Ridge, F. Mueller ; Royston,

SOUL

"tbe SERE ea Mountain eger D Brown; abundant in dry

dro etc., J. D. Hooke pi iie dn s Island

ustralia. d nt's duit F P. Meo et

W. Au sion Round Sí George’s Sound and neighbouring districts, Oldfield, F.

ueller, Walcot. Qin

the Old

Common in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere in k Ais

and introduced into North America und Twp: repe countries. F. myurus, Linn.,

does not appear to me distinct as a spec

2. F. duriuscula, Linn.; Kunth, ah Deen i 399.— Bui peren-

ial hiefly at the base, very w,

Mou. Pen Lemes € an 2 to 4 in. long with few erect

numerous, erect, bade about 3 i in. long,

branehes. Spikelets not cmon pois ted, the lowest

to 6-flowered. Glumes rather rigid, the outer

664 CXLIV. GRAMINE. | Festuca.

me narrow, keeled, scarcely 2 lines long, the 2nd rather longer,

rved ; floweri ing gl mes 3 lines long or rather more, faintly nerved,

ne p

Palea with a fine bifid point. Stamens 3.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm

ii. 126; Reichb. Ie. Fl. Germ. t. 62.

— Barclay Ranges at an elevation vil Im to 4000 ft., F. Mueller.

ia. Formosa, Gunn ; Swanport, Stor

One of the widely-dispersed forms of the ier s Fescue or F. ovina, Linn., very

abundant on downs and hilly pastures of the temperate regions of both the New ad

the Old World.

Var. aristata. Spikelets rather larger with awns at least as long as the glumes.

. Victoria. Ballarat, Bacchus

S. Australia. Flinders and Barossa Ranges, F. Mueller.

rigida, Mert. and Koch ; Kunth, Enum. i. 392.—A small rigid

tud annual, rarely above 4 or 5 in. high, with flat leaves, the ligula

M d. Panicle occupying more than half the plant, rigid and secund,

Spikelets few, very shortly pedicellate on the very short pains all

turned to one side, 3 to 4 lines long, 6- to 10-flowered. Outer glumes

narrow, keeled, acute ; flowering ones rather above 1 line long, faintly

3-nerved, |, obtuse, unawned.—Sclerochloa rigida, Panz. ; Reichb. Ie. Fl,

Germ

S. tralia. Introduced from Europe and now common about Adelaide and

Hopkins. River, F. Mueller; Lake Bonney, Mrs. Wehl ; Port Lincoln, S. F. Browne.

SUBTRIBE V. HORDEINEZX. A ee several- or 1-flowered, sessile

in the alternate notches or o opposite sides of the rhachis of a simple

upper

flower into a short point or bearing an empty glume. Glumes entire,

unawned or with a terminal untwisted awn

99. AGROPYRUM, Beauv. '

glumes. Glumes rounded on the back or scarcely keeled, tapering

into points or awns, the flowering ones 3- to 7-nerved, the 2 outer

ost ma

seabrous-ciliate. Ovary pubescent at the top. Styles short, distinet.

free or slightly adhering to the palea.

26 genus is ren spread over the temperate re f the globe. Of the

gions of the globe.

three Australian species one is also in New w Zealand, the two vius appear to be

Agropyrum. | CXLIV. GRAMINEJ. 665

endemic. The genus is usually associated with Triticum, founded

what " "which are certainly ponas y aine sit to Age ops vrum ay ss m iain

E Nae M ead. d dur op Nes Pedes ; cabrum to the section ders

Nile epibelrt; p y by the dic of s Mer perir Pic reduced to

iym narrow, with long awns, erect and distant along

5 hale os l. A. scabrum.

p 8 broad, with short points o or awns, ‘erect ‘and close

Spikelos gesto ng the rh 2, A. velutinum.

y flat, win shure points or awns, spreading

or at length reflexed and not distant along the

. 9. A. pectinatum.

l. A. scabrum, Beauv. Agrost. 102, — Very variable as

stature, sometimes under 1 ft. high, alesda: with short s

_ leaves, and from that to 3 or is ft. with narrow spreading flat

or convolate leaves. Spike usually 6 in. to 1 ft. long, the

rhachis scarcely notched Spikelets distant, sessile, erect, $ to

g. the awns, narro - to -flowered; in the

small specimens sometimes o only 1 or 2 spikele ts. , Glumes narrow,

a outer empty ones rather shorter tapering iuto short points, the

owering ones 4 to 6 lines long without the viet tapering into fine

and sometimes above 1 in . long, those of the ne and of the lower

glumes often not so lo s the intermediate ones. Palea obtuse.—

orn scabra, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 22, t. 26 ; Triticum scabrum, R

B. ; Ho . Fl Tasm. i. 128; Vulpia rectiseta and V.

4 voce esr Pl. Preiss. ii ; V. scabra a rau-

niana, Nees in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 419; Festuca rectiseta,

Browniana ae F. gen inia Steud. Syn. Glum. i. 304; Anthosachne

australasica, Steud. 1. e. 237.

A ;Menteton Bay, Leiehhardt, C. Stuart ; Warwick, Beckler ; Suttor

Mo Wales” Port Jackson, A. and others and thence to the B

d untains and far into the —— Polis poy t Dseninghank. Sieber, Agrostotheca, n. 95,

an rens Lord Howe's Island, Fudlagar.

le. Kobert i fusis Loddon, Forest Creek and

; Mount William, POwlieen.

ray ‘and sandy places near the sea, J. D.

Queenslan

Desert, F. Muel

many tier localities, F. Muelle

asmania.

did rand e — Spent

s. tralia. ” Round St. Vincent's Gulf, F. Mueller, Behr and oth

US cupo s Sound and adjoining districts, Oldfield, Walcot,

w^ Austra

Danne a. n. 382, 383, 3

Also in New Zealand,

A couple of specimens from Darebin Creek. marked by F: Mueller var. breviseta,

with very shor ar inflorescence, appear to have sterile yery

irregular stiles «x indio are probably hytridá

‘Hook. Lond. Journ. ii. 417. — Stems 6

e £ de stem, flat or

t or nearly glabrous.

2. A. velutinum, Nees

in. to above 1 ft. hi igh. entis chiefly at the bas

convolute when dry, not rigid, softly pubescen

666 CXLIV. GRAMINER. [.Agropyrum.

Spike raised on a long peduncle, 1 to 2 in. long, the rhachis pubescent

and notched. Spikelets almost erect, imbricate or the lower ones dis-

tant, ovate or oblong, about 5 in. long, usually 6- to 8-flowered.

Glumes 3 to 5 lines long, rigid with short almost pungent points, the

outer empty ones usually 3-nerved, the flowering ones broader and

5- or rarely 7-nerved. — Triticum velutinum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.

ii. 129.

Victoria. Munyong mountains and Mount Hotham, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Middlesex Plains and Surrey Hills, Gunn.

or at length reflexed, mostly about 4 in. long including the shor

i flowere

ragm. vi. 85 ; Triticum pectinatum, R. Br. Prod. 179; Hook. f. Fl.

Tasm. ii. 129; 7. Brownei, Kunth, Enum. i. 447; Vulpia pectinata,

Nees in Hook. Lond. Journ. ii, 419.

N. S. Wales. Archer's Creek and Mount Royal, Leichhardt ; Maneroo, Herd.

F. Mueller.

Victoria. Snowy River, F. Mueller.

Tasmania, Labillardière ; Hampshire Hills and Recherche Bay, Gunn; South-

port, C. Stuart.

* 100. LOLIUM, Linn.

A genus of very few species, natives of the temperate regions of the northern

hemisphere, the two species introduced into Australia, found also, chiefly introduced,

in other temperate or even tropical countries. :

Outer glume shorter than the spikelet. Flowering glumes

narrow, lanceolate, without any or with very short

HUNE S NUR QU eC uere Oe wk o3 cec Ji des Ure

Outer glume usually as long as or longer than the

let. Flowering glumes oblong, some or all

usually with an awn as long as or longer than them-

ves . H acc LI . . " . . * . . . . P * 2. F temulentum.

*1. L. perenne, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. i. 436.—An erect or slightly

Lolium.| CXLIV. GRAMINE EX. 667

decumbent glabrous grass of 1 to 2 ft., sometimes annual but usually

lasting several years, Spike distichous, "from a few inches to1 ft. lon

Spikelets at a considerable distance from Snehi other on alternate sides

of the rhachis. we ‘glume of the lateral spikelets and 2 outer ones

of the terminal o mpty, rigid, strongly nerved, longer than the

others but much change than the spikelet. Flowering glumes 8 to

ab or even more, narrow, obtuse or acute, with the keel and 2 erm

ves prominent, sometimes produced into a very short awn.

Eito there are sometimes several outer empty glumes. aT

EPI

c. Fl. Germ. t. 6; F. Muell. Fragm. vii

Nownaturalised in sevarallocalities in IN. S. Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and

S. Australia, F. Mueller and others

* 2. L. temulentum, Linn. ; Kunth, Enum. i. 437.— Usually taller

than L. jenes and always annual. Outer glume of the lateral spike-

eri

F ragm Vii

Naturalised in N. S. Wales, Victoria, Tasmania, and S. Australia, and

apparently more abundantly so than Z. perenne, F. Mueller and many M nd.

linicola, very slender with short xia spikelets the outer glume

scarcely so long as the re the awns usually rather ss ly —L. linicola, Sond. in

Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ, ed. 2. 957.—Near Adelaide, Blandowsk

101. LEPTURUS, R. Br.

simple spike. Outer empty glumes » one slightly overlapping the

other on one side, or 1 only, appressed and ped, Linge cavity, r rigid

and nerved. Flowering glume and palea shorter thin hyali

embedded in the cavity, the axis of the spikelet peer | Katiba the

palea into a minute point or bearing a small terminal empty gone

Styles short. Grain free from the glume.

E eae sng e ei species, chiefly from the Mediterranean region, with one North

Am f the Mediterranean species pesona to the sea-coasts of — parts

of the ‘Old World. Of the three Australian species two are common

of the Pht ei an, the ‘third I has only been found out of Australia on the islands

_of the Pac:

Annuals. Outer glumes with about 5 prominent nerves.

Axis of the: spikelet produced into a minute point or

ristle f S

Outer glumes of the lateral spikelets 2 209759 cuc D E proai

668 CXLIV. GRAMINEA, [.Lepturus.

Outer T ^M the — Mamie only 1 . 9. L. cylindricus.*

Perenni glum e lateral Spikelets only 1

sevi t Axis ot the i anes pesing, a small

toata empty gl . 9. L. repens.

1. L. incurvatus, Trin.; Kunth, Enum. "r —A tufted or

branching annual of 3 i. to 1 ft. or riy m e, slender in the

Australian specimens with very narrow leave Spikes nearly cylin-

drical, slender, 2 to 6 in. long straight or SUN. uter glumes 2,

rigid, acute, usually 5- Rano about 3 lines long, placed in the lateral

spikelets apparently s side by side outside sa Test of the spikelet, but

sometimes almost obsolete. In the terminal spikelet dioc 2 outer

glumes are normally opposed to each other.—Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ.

12.

N. S. Wales. Salt Marshes, Parentes Woolls.

Victoria. Port Phillip, F, Mue

. Common in the — sd eiem region, found also in some parts of East India and

in New Zealan:

2. L. Os departs Trin. Fund. iM nas ues — Habit and RE of

i. 462; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. t. 3.

: . S. Wales. Port Jackson ut MN ME simplex, Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy»

Bat 412, is correctly referred to this

ria, M elbou urne, d Brighton, Herb. F. Mueller.

ond.

Common in the Mediterranean, found also in South Africa.

ns, R. Br. Prod. 207.—A perennial creeping in the

sands gerens to a considerable extent, with divaricately branching

stems. Leaves spreading, glaucous and glabrous or ciliate at the

orifice of the sheaths. Spies close ia the last leaf-sheath, 2 to 3

mens. ‘Spikelets cedem about 4 lines long without the point. Outer

ppre al i

cs finely vs a on gon into a short or long point, 2nd

Lepturus.] CXLIV. GRAMINE. « 669

and a hermaphrodite flower, the rhachis of the spikelet shortly con-

tinued at the back of the palea and bearing a small thin hyaline empty

glume.— Brongn. in Duperr. Voy. Bot. 57,t. 16

N. Australia. Arnhem N. Bay and Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R.

Brown ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 227.

: Queensland. Bird Islet, Wreck Reef, Denham ; Raine Island, Cape York,

Challenger Expedition.

Also in the islands of the South Pacific.

102. HORDEUM, Linn.

flattened, tapering into straight awns or awnlike from

Flowering glume inserted rather higher up, eonvolute round the flower

with a straight terminal awn. Palea 2-ribbed. Ovary crowned by a

tuft of hairs. Stigmas nearly sessile.

genus of few species, mostly of Mediterranean origin, dispersed over the ee

ATA

perate and subtropical regions of both hemispheres. The two Aust

species are both probably introduced although one at least is now abundantly

ised.

naturalis

Outer empty glumes of the central spikelets more or less

dilated and ciliate in the lower half . . . + . °

All the outer empty glumes subulate or awnlike from the

base and not ciliate .

1. H. murinum.

2, H. nodosum.

t Ld

ke glumes all at the base of the short rhachis

forming a kind of involuere round the flowering ones, those of the central

spikelet though very narrow and rigid dilated and ciliate in the lower

I - hed in waste places in N. S. Wales, Victoria,

introduced and now well established in mana Pols, 7. Bueller, Oldfield and

others.

*2. H. nodosum, Linn. Spec. Pl. 126.—A taller and less coarse

670 CXLIV. GRAMINEX. [ Hordeum.

grass than H. murinum. Spike on a long peduncle dense = cylin-

drieal but not so thick as in that species, 1 to 2 in. long. Outer empty

glumes all very narrow, subulate or awnlike from the base d slightly

scabrous not ciliate The glume and palea glabrous. Awns

shorter than in H. murinum.—H. pratense, Huds.; Reichb. Ic. Fl.

Germ. t. 11; H. ri eis iih Trin. Spec. Gram. t. 3; F. Muell.

Fragm. 1 viii. 126.

Only known from Australia in very few specimens from N. S. Wales and

Tasmania, but orte = » there established.

Crass III. ACOTYLEDONES or CRYPTOGAMS.

No real flowers, that is, neither stamens nor pistils nor true seeds,

the reproduction carried on by means of minute often highly micro-

scopic granules called spores.

The only orders here included are the higher VASCULAR Cry PTOGAMS, or Ferns

and their allies, which have true stems e enclosing bundles of vascular tissue, and the

] ow

spores en ed in c sule-like cases calle ore-cases OT 8 g r

ders : Mosses, Fungi, Lichens, Algze heir respective allies, can now scarcely be

rmined or studied without the aid of special work o them, to condense

which for the Australian Flora w o formidable a Lon for me to undertake

at my age. Neither is the history "d entered into of th y various Video. es by

which the spores are developed in the Orders described, or a the in modiate

er of their plant life from the spore ei the perfect plant ; this inquiry pere to

he domain of Vegetable Physiology, and requires nb mari ôf living individuals

with the aid of works specially devoted to the subject. In Cryptogams, as in

Flowering Plants, their life history can be investigated neither in feld excursions

nor from dried specimens, and therefore does not come into the special scope of

local Floras.

Order. CXLV. LYCOPODIACEZ.

Stem or a bearing true leaves, either linear, or small and 1-

erved, or uced to minute scales. Spore-cases solitary or few

together, etier in pfe axils of the [addens or of the braets of a terminal

spike, either all similar or of two kinds, larger ones macrosporangia

smaller mi ore

order is spread over reni the whole globe, and three of the Australian

puit lie nearly as wide a range, two others are both in the New and the Old

World, chiefly tropical or southern, the MM two extend to New Zealand, one

em being also in the Pacific Islands.

Leaves linear, on a rhizome often su bmerged. S

pore

of 2 kinds, solitary in ihe axils ted und

dilated basesof the leaves . . , . on ed in th . 1. Isonres.

CXLV. LYCOPODIACER. 671

Minute plant with radical linear leaves surrounding a leaf-

ess peduncle, Spore-cases all similar, solitary within

the bracts of a eres spike . 2. PRYLLOGLOSSUM.

Stems branch mall leaves “usually crowded in 4

^ eie sony v within the nica of ter-

minal spikes or the upper leaves of the st

Spore-cases and spores all simi 3. LYCOPODIUM.

8 cases and spores of two inds. "Plants usually

weaker or smaller than in Peres A 4, SELAGINELLA.

Small floating plant with small crowded leaves. Spere-

rae at 2 kinds in the axils of some of the stem-

5. AZOLLA,

i Toafy or with distant scales, „ Spore- -cases 2 or

together, united into a 2- or 3- -celled A or ae

Stems simple, leafy. Sori cas odlet "3 . . 6. TMESIPTERIS.

Stems dichotomous, with min viuo scales. Sori

usually 3-celled. ids. . .. T. Psmorum.

1. ISOETES, Linn.

Aquatie plants entirely submerged or rarely terrestrial in swampy

or wet sandy places. Leaves linear and thick or subulate, crowded on

a short thick rhizome, dilated and concave at the base, the margins of

the cavity often more or less folded over the spore-cases. Spore-cases

sessile at the base of the leaves, solitary, membranous, of two kinds,

ose of the outer leaves filled with spherical macrospores, marked

with a transverse raised line, and above it 3 radi

lines, those of the inner leaves filled with minute powdery micro-

spores.

A small genus having nearly the general range o of the order Mee in hot or dry

sace It has been very carefully studied especially by Duri Y and Alex. Braun,

W. D

read

antage of examining F. Mueller's

w rs belie

I. lacustris. I bam fort P i ge had the adv

own 1 vo un : uns fen ther with "the Marsileacez were

wn collections, as the p arcel — = em toge

accidently omitted to be sent to m.

Subm hick leaves from 2 to above

erged cw with rather thick leave D sels

T 1 £110

errestrial ‘or swampy plant with filiform ` eaves o . 2. I. Drummondii.

I aiaia seen I. Muelleri, A. Br. in Berl. Monatsber. 1868, A ven

hampton, ga na and am unable to y os any opinion as to how far it differs from.

either of the above

1. I. lacustris, Linn.; Hook. Brit. Ferns. t. 55.—A perennial of

a bright green, form Se ors tufts under the water. Leaves

rather thick, linear, usual] to 3 in. lon on

T9 ove 6 in. ee water, their enlarged bases giving

the plant 3 s the old 1 ually decaying

e plant a slightly bulbous aspect, eaves us

entirely lihoai dtes the scale-like remains characteristic of

672 CXLV. LYCOPODIACEA. ( Lsoetes.

some European species. Macrospores minutely granular-tuber-

culate.

Tasmania. Alpine Lakes, Gunn ; South Esk River, C. Stuart.

I am quite unable to a this from the vm s which generally inhabits

Alpine lakes in the wv ern mena ere; Ln should include in it Z. humilior, q

I. elatior, F. Muell; A. B hon XU 129, Erro F. Muell; Durieu

Bull. Soc. Bot, Fr. xi. He d. wil px elatior, y. ipod I. Stuartii, A Be. i in

Berl. Monatsber. 1868, 535 to 539, of all ted which I have seen specimens ee I

2. I. Drummondii, 4. Zr. in Berl. Monatsber. 1863, 593, ve

542.—A much smaller plant than T. lacustris, with very slender

filiform leaves 1 to 3 in. long, their dilated basos short and w

broad, appearing whitish when dry, giving a y bulbous aspect to

the pla nt. These en and the more feti prenado of stomata

may however be due to the more terrestrial station of the plant. The

macrospores appear ny me to be very similar to those of T. lacustris.

—I. tripus, A. Br. 1. e. 1863, 559, 1868, 544; I phæospora, Dur. in

Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xi. 103.

W. Australia, Drummond n. 989, 990.

2. PHYLLOGLOSSUM, Kunze.

SUNT hic plant, with a tuberous rootstoek and radical leaves

and peduncles. Spore-cases reniform, 2-celled, 2-valved, sessile in the

axil of E bracts of a pedunculate spike, filled with minute powdery

spores

The genus is limited to the single Australian species which is also in New

Zealand.

P. Drummondii, Kunze in Bot. Zeit. 1843, 721.—Rootstock

oe with a few fibrous roots, producing an ovoid tuber annually

renewed as in Orchis, so that. at the time of fruiting there are pioen

two present. Leaves few, linear, + i in. long, in a radical t zi .

Pelunde ME about twice as long, haere an erect cylindrical spike

of 2 to 3 li oad, with an erect point, e m exceeding

the ee ses.— Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 908; Hook. f£. Fl. Tasm. ii. 154;

ar in Bot. Zeit. 1867, 97, with a fig. ; ; Lycopodium sanguisorda)

Spring, MER Lycopod. ii. 36.

Victoria. Damp places, en, c od Botilni, Allitt; near Dande-

wes and, Malone Inlet, Gipps’ Land, F. Jf:

> W. mania. Georgo Town, Gunn- West End of Stirling Range. F. Mueller.

CXLV. LYCOPODIACEJE. 673

3. LYCOPODIUM, Linn.

Stems leafy, hard, branching, creeping prostrate or erect. Leaves

small, entire or minutely vere inserted all round the stem, usuall

in 4 rows, Spore-cases all of one kind, rina i celled, : inis

sessile in the axils of the upper is or of bra ually smaller or

roader than the stem-leaves and forming tenue d or lateral spikes.

Spores all minute and powdery.

The genus is widely spread over every part of the globe. Of the eleven Australian

Species, Ed af generally distributed in the 2 and the Old M one limited to

the Old W. d, the seven others are in New Zealand, five of them extending to the

Pacific nc and two to South Amer

Leaves org oy cartilaginous, crowded all round the stem,

6 lines lon

Stems short, erect. Spore-cases in the axils of the iae

leav 1, Z. selago.

puse elongated, ascending. Spikes t E

eral. Bracts smaller than the pirato “but

u e pes the spore-cases . 2. L. variun.

Stems elongate nlous, Spikes terminal, several.

1 end

Bracts d excoadi ing rage spore 3. L. phlegmaria.

Leaves usually rowded round Ed xii under 3

Ue long. "paro: NM in spikes, with small broad

rac

Spikes s peduncu

Ste ms extensively creeping with Manes womens

eafy branches. Spikes term js 4. L. clavatum.

Stems creeping, short or sc dnd [^ ched. Spik es

single on lateral erect ei dti. mall

aves :

Spikes — lateral:

Stems b iue at the base, died and slender.

5. I. carolinianum.

,,Lenves s ibula 6. L.. laterale.

ma diffuse, sph much branched. Leav . . T. Le difusun.

Spiker sessile, terminal, usually short. a ng a

above 2 ft.

Branches numerous, spreading or flexuose. E

nodding . : 8. L. cernuum.

. 9. L. densum,

Stems and branches erect, dense. ‘Spikes erect . .

(See also the first two species of SELAGINELLA.)

Leaves morum and decumbent in 2 opposite rows, with

smaller adnate ones pront fi cdi is Spikes scolis,

Dist Or pan iculate. la B ts with

stichous "onse broadly lanceolate, rac 10. L. scariosum,

a leaves natrow-lanc eolate. ^ Bracts ‘with ap-

ssed tips p> exceeding the spore-cases . 11. L. volubile.

(Most species of SeLacınELLA have the foliage of the last two species, but are more

delicate and diffuse besides the difference in the spore-cases.) 22

VOL. VII.

674 OXLV. LYCOPODIACEJ. î Lycopodium.

1. L. selago, Linn. ; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. i. 19, ii. 5.—Stems

scarcely creeping, though slightly decumbent and rooting at the base,

the forked erect branches forming dense level-topped tufts 3 to 6 m.

high, completely covered with their crowded but spreading dark-green

leaves, all lanceolate, 3 to 4 lines long, with a short fine point. Spore-

axils o upper leaves, not forming a distinct. spike,

the leaves or bracts being quite similar to the stem-leaves.——Hook. f.

Fl. Tasm. ii. 155. t. 170; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 84.

Victoria. Mount Baw-Baw at an elevation of 4000 ft. and Munyong Mountains

up to 6000 or 7000 ft. F. Mueller. :

asmania. Mount Wellington, J. D. Hooker, Gulliver; Mount Field East,

F. Mueller.

t cool mountainous alpine or arctic regions both of the northern and

southern hemispheres. The Australian specimens form generally rather longer and

looser tufts than the European ones, with some approach to some states of L. varium,

a tendency not observed in northern specimens.

tole

ün

£o

gmi

pæd

> gs

—t

tS}

[e]

nate approaching those of the New Zealand L. Billardieri, Sprin

t. 170; L. selago, var. F. Muell. Fragm. v. 111

N.S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore.

Victoria. Genoa Peak and Munyong Mountains, F, Mueller.

Tasmania. Table Mountain (Mount Wellington), R. Brown ; abundant on the

ground and trunks of trees, J. D. Hooker.

Also in New Zealand, the Pacific Islands and South Africa.

3. L. phlegmaria, Linn. ; Spring. Monogr. Lycop. i. 63, ii. 28.—

Stems elongated, usually pendulous from rocks or trunks of trees.

Leaves crowded, cartilaginous, spreading, mostly lanceolate and 3 to

6 lines long, but occasionally oblong and obtuse. Spikes slender at

exceeding the spore-cases, b

point twice as long.

. Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Widely spread over tropical Africa and Asia.

Lye ] XLY

ycopodium. | CXLY. LYCOPODIACER. 675

1. L. vatum, ZLina.; var. fastigiatum. — Stem

3 = s from a lon

one. lees ba base or rhizome, procumbent, leafy, necending toa Be

Stele, Ye ne ves ve 6 in. in the Australian specimens. Leaves

n. M 9 = inear-lanceolate, rarely above 2 lines long, acute

Eae e hairlike point of the common opean form. Spikes

al, erect, more or less pedunculate, to 2 in. long. acts

iid jimbricate, lanceolate, "ees with fine usually spreading

maa ; ^. fastigiatum, R. Br. Prod. 165; L. diffusum, Sp? ing, Monogr.

p. n. 39, i of R. Br.; L. clavatum, var. magellanicum, Hook. f.

guter Sn nowy nt re Miro Valley, Mount Useful, F. Mue

J. . „Derwen R. Brows vn ; moist bogg subalpine a abundant,

D. Hooker ; Mount Mount Field East, F. Wasii. 4

"UE — Linn.; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. i. 98, ^

* d s eafy but creeping and rooting like LE i with ve

cid : scarcely any : ascending barren branches. Leaves crow

narrow lanceolate, acuminate, not above 2 lines long i

, ,

ues viii a ibid sS. .—Hook. f. Fl.

ell. Fragm.

ete mee Noire 2 F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Boggy places, not uncommon, J. D

SER, af Aus ralia, Dr hier n. agas ; d ae n. 18S. These specimens

lone ery small with short branching ¢ g st 3, g branches 1-2 in.

8, and are distinguished as ZL. erp Kanze. in Pl. Prol ii. 108, or as Z.

s having the stemleaves all similar instead of

a ummondii, Spring, Monogr. ii.

the ma rows heing longer or more spreading, but the character is variable in

ypical North American specim

x The species extends over North ER, South America, tropical and southern Africa,

eylon and New Zealand.

6. L. laterale, R. Br. Prod. 165.—Stems leafy from the base,

prostrate decumbent or ascending, slightly bra nched, from a few inches

i 2 feet long. Leaves crowded all r ound, ianceola te-subulate, 2to3

ines long. Spikes few, lateral and ple} ostly a

acuminate, usually brown-

oured. — Spri ring, Monogr. . 82, 1. 88; Labill. Sert. Austr.

Caled. t. 15; Sieb» Syn. Filie. n. BA.

Queensland Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ;

al Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains,

Moreton Island, F. Muel

R. Brown, A. Cuak,

Woolls.

pr ictoria. Near Brighton, Bunip Creck, Mount Abrupt, F. Mueller ; Grampians,

en S Miei .

w Caledonia and New Zealand,

7. L. diffusum, R. Br. Prod. 165.—Very near E jer to

G76 CXLV. LYCOPODIACEA. | Lycopodium.

which Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 156, refers it as a variety, but a much

smaller, more rigid plant, the procumbent stems more branched and very

shortly ascending. Leaves linear, acute or almost os rarely above

2 lines long, spre aiia. or almost imbricate. Spikes of Z. laterale,

usually brown, lateral, sessile or scarcely pedunculate.

Victoria. Grampians, Dalto

Tasmania. Port de Le laee e, R. Brown ; Alpine Bogs, Lake St. Clair, ete.

T: Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan ; near Circular Head, F. Mueller.

rnuum, Linn. ; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. i. 79, ii. 37.—

Stems hard, rising to 2 ft. or when very luxuriant to 5 or 6 6 ft. in uii

with numerous spreading flexuose repeatedly forked branches. Leaves

spreading all round the stem, fine, subulate, incurved, 1 to 2 lines long.

Spikes sessile above the last leaves, nodding, 2 to 8 lines long. racts

ovate-lanceolate, ciliate, imbricate in 8 rows, longer than the spore-

eases,

N. Australia. Upper Victoria River, F. Muel

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; palin River, Fitzalan ; Bowen,

Common throughout the tropics in the New as well as the Old World.

. L, densum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 104, t. 251.—Stems from

a short creeping base, erect, rigid, usually 1 to 1i but sometimes 2 to

4 ft. high, very densely branched in the upper part. Leaves crowded

all round, those of n mai stem lanceolate with scarious tips and

long. Spike merous, term ual, erect and sessile, from under z in.

to 1 in. oie” “Brao sts ovate-lanceolate, with spreading tips often

R. Br. Prod. gr.

i. 86, ii. s Hook.f Fl. Tasm. ii. 156; F. Muell. v.111; Sieb. Syn.

Filic. n. 82.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Fraser; New

England, C. Stuart, 3

Victoris. rampians, Sullivan ; Mount Cobberas, Imlay; Upper Yarra River,

F. Mueller ; Cape Howe, Walter.

T Labillardiére; Derwent River and Port Dalrymple, R. Brown;

abundant in heathy places elici the island, J. D. Hooker.

Also in New Zealand and Norfolk Island.

cario e Forst. ; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. i. 108, ii. 49.—

ostrate meque sometimes to a great length, with selene

s pro

sort ascending bra Leaves distichously spreading, po A

te, acute, mm. aaar 2 lines long, with sm resse

stipule iks ones betw the two rows S es META usually

She - Mount Mad. and sources ofthe Yarra, F. Mueller.

Lycopodium. | CXLV. LYCOPODIACER. 677

Tasmania, Table Mountain (Mou 4 Ad 1l

ME ts T Lei Á D n : ngeh R. Brown, Gunn ; common on

Also in New Zealand and in Antarctic America.

ll. L. volubile, Forst.; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. i. 105, ii. 49.—

Stems slender, wiry, flexuose, climbing to a great extent, so een

harrow appre essed leaves, but emitting “numerous leafy branches, with

two rows of distichously spreading leaves as in Z4 scariosum, but much

narrower, faleate, decurrent, smooth and shining, with mucronate tips,

the small appressed leaves as in Z. scariosum. Spikes when present

numerous, sessile at the ends of the branches, } to 13 in. long, slender.

Bracts broad, closely mies peer acuminate but without spreading

mm ok. and Grev. Ie. Fili 17

alia. Glenelg River, i A single d without fructification,

lenel

but [riori vmm to this speci as wellas in New Zealand

and the Sandwich Islands. Spring ive also the station King Guanes Sound,

Quoy in herb. Webb, but this: is probably a mistake.

4, SELAGINELLA, Spring.

Stems leafy, usually m

Lycopodium. Leaves sm nall, eutire or 1 inutely serrate, inserted all

round the stem but in four Spore-cases of two k small ones

filled with minute, powdery spores called microspores, and larger coa-

taining 1 to 6 larger spores called macrospores, all opening in 4

valves and sessile in the axils of bracts in terminal spikes.

The genus has the same wide range as L d

e Malayan Arc d ert. one of

three extend into tropical ex or at pes yan ipe 1

em is also in America, two others ‘ay ya endemic, but the species have in

phists that the exact limits of the

many instances been so AREE x "monogra

a careful revision ofthe whole genus.

really distinct ones cannot be given withou

sence of two kinds of spores, is proba ably n but

The generic characte > he p

requires a eres observation to verify it. Bm noe Leid: enerally pe to

distinguish it from L; used although the ur species have

of Y Lone have that of Selopinliés

of ere (but smaller) and the last two

Small oo LRA — allsimilar. Spikes slender,

cts imbricate in 4 rows.

Mee from a b mee sinn: — about 1 in. long . S. Preissiana.

Stems branchi rds, 2 to 6 in. or sometimes mens ; s S. uliginosa.

Stem-leaves in two outer row distant and sp 2,

inner rows closely t Spikes Tema the

acts imbricate in ws.

Stems bare at the e ascending or erect, very m uch

br — d upwards to a a length and — of 6 to

LU outline ) ^ ae. o Jlabellatua.

ur creeping an much branche 4. S. concinna.

Bice teaver oe ana habit of 5. cin or ne uch zu LS

oblo; p as b resembling the i

st ene mate S. Belangert.

i. 61.—4Àn erect slender

1. S, Pre: , Spring, Monogr. Lycop. ii.

anuual of 1 to 2 in., divided at the base into simple or once for

678 CXLV. LYCOPODIACEE. [Selaginella.

branches leafy throughout.

acuminate, } to line long. Spikes occupying usu ually the greater part

of the plant. Bak the length of the stem-leaves, acute or acuminate,

imbricate in 4 rows. — F. Muell. Fragm. v. 112 ; Lycopodium gracil-

limum, Kune in PI. VUE i. 109.

Victoria. izroy River, Robertson; Grampians, Sullivan ; Dandenong Ranges

and mountains of Snowy is. Gipps’ wee. d, F. Mueller ; Ararat, Green.

mania. South Esk R

r, C. Stua

ustralia. Swan hee fein Preiss, n. 1882; Blackwood River,

Oldfield,

2. S. uliginosa, Spring, Monogr. Lycop. ti. 60.—Stems from a

creeping base erect or ascending, slender but rigid, ies d leafy

throughout, usually 2 to 6 in Cun ut occasionally much drawn u

Leaves all similar or nearly so, ovate-lanceolate, acute, keeled, spreading

or at lengt reflexed, sometimes oblique E "3 not ver rtical, Spikes

nde slender, from 3 or 4 lines to l in. long. Bracts smaller

narrower and mure acute than the stem- ipfim imbricate i in 4 rows, the

points appressed or slightly spreading.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 158 ;

F. Muell. Fragm. v. 112 : ; Lycopodium uliginosum, Labill. Pl. Nov.

Holl. ii. ok t. 251; R. Br. Prodi 165; Sieb. Syn. Filie. n. 83.

D armes — — W. Hil.

S. W/ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham, J. D.

js and others; Now E Eng i C. Stuart; Clarence River, Wilcox ; Macleay

River, Zerior; Richm ond Been Mrs. Hoa odgkinson ; Lord H Howe's lal and, C. Moore.

Victoria. in X rown, Adamson, F. Mueller; Portland, A llitt ;

Grampians, Sullivan; arian enong Range es and Gip ps’ Land, F. Mueller ; Cape

asmania, Gunn ; probably common in marshy places, J. D. Hooker ; Bass’s

Straits, Mil

and rooting toa and i, emitting dt gu stems, 5 simple r2

to 4 in., then expanding into a broadly ovate form, 6 to 10 in un and

sometimes nearly as wide, ae. bran ched, Leaves in 4 r Pu

Oona Rockingham Bay, Daliach, y ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

SE: in the Malayan Arc chipelago to South China pot 5 pH. America. The

pecies probably includes §. a; gentea, Spring, and some

4. S. ring, Monogr. Lycop. ii. 199.—Stems d

creeping, pinnately branched and leafy idest e

mirieate branches shortly ascending. Larger leaves in iud MR

distichously spreading, oblong, obtuse or acute, 1 to 12 lines long

Selaginella.] CXLV. LYCOPODIACEX. 679

ot cordate at the base; inner rows smaller, ovate, appressed.

tim es terminal, 4 to 8 lines long, about 1 line diameter. Bracts

eeled, acuminate, imbricate in 4 rows, the tips usually spreading.—

Lycopodium concinnum, Swartz.

Sauk e Lr 5e E Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan; York

Also in East India and the Mascarene Islands.

geri, Spring, Monogr. — ii. 242.—Stems creeping,

but a smaller

more delicate plant rarely 6 in. "aud oft recto? lin Larger

leaves in 2 rows, distichously maton: scarcely 1 line long, ovate;

2 inner rows appressed, rather smaller kes À— oblong, rarely

above 6 lines long, 2 lines broad in the larger specimens, the spreading

L RM Belangeri,

bracts very x. to the larger stem-leaves.—

id in Belang. Voy. Bot. 12, t. 1, f. 2.

N. Australi Port Darwin, e n.111. 315; Etheridge piva, Gulliver.

Seg " Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; York Pen insula, N. Taylor.

Lycopodium pumilio, R. Br. Prod. 166 rione pumilio, oe Monogr. Lycop.

ii. 241), is founded upon 2 minute specim had been mixed es — other

other Ex little epe

ing the first year,

S. Belangeri have the bracts as small on the side branches. R. Brown also in pe

from South Africa

Banks refers to S. pumilio some nearly allied dwarf specimens

5. AZOLLA, Linn.

Small floating plants, with branching and rooting leafy stems.

Leaves small, imbricate, une ually 2- obed. sep cases in pairs,

es on the main branches, one a globular

ter of small globular pedicellate s spores

(or sporangia), the other pur ovoid, containing a single macrospore

t E corpuscles, Sred" Wy some

ical, the cre moane and

one is also

act have bee usly given ze e one, “but appears to

Tuc genes i u^ rain gm close any om

eare s r to Nm iy mot ds Marsileaceee. I ha t had F. Mueller’ a

cep of this genus 1: 9€ SR

Branches of the stem with the leaves shortly o obovate -ə - 2. A. rubra.

n Flind. Voy. ii. 611, *. 10, Prod

i with lin near me

innata, R. Br.

"s ones or twice dade “broadly ovate in outline,

680 CXLV. LYCOPODIACEX. | Azolla.

branches, each plant under 1 in. iin but ees — in large

masses on the surface of the water, emitting numerous rootlets, at first

entire and sometimes dilated and flat, the older ones plogaatiy feathery.

Larger spore-cases when full grown globular, reddish, nearly 1 line

diameter, the smaller ones oblong, about 2 line long, "with usually 4

corpuscles at the base of the macrospore.—Griff. in Calcutta Journ.

ah Hist. v. 257, t. 15 to 17; Metten. i in Linnea, xx. 273, t. 3.

- S. Wales, Fraser; Paterson’s and oe Rivers, R. Brown,

Victoria Goulburn River, F, Mueller

Dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa.

2. A. rubra, R, Br. Prod. 167.—Individual plants smaller more

compact and brosdàr than in A. pinnata, ur branches d with fewer

closely imbricate but lx leaves, x oots all simple in Brown's

as well as our own specimens. Larg v apése cases pos about 4

four diameter, the smaller oblong ones Bey i litte, the atonotare

otherwise the same asin 4. pinnata. — Hook. t . Fl. D Aena ii. 158.

Queensland. Brisbane mns. s sag a

N. S. Wales. Paterson r, A. Bro

Victoria. Wendu vea Rideriads ; Me boum, Adamson; Avon River, F.

Mueller,

asmania. Floating on marshes and ponds, Gunn.

S. Australia. Murray River, Behr.

Alsoin New Zealand.

6. eae Bernh.

intermixed with leafy bracts Mri On a short petiole.

cases usually two together, ned into a capsule-like sorus, Been

i versely oblong, flattened, 2-celled a

didymous or 2-lobed, opening Jocabeidiliy 1 in 2 valves. Spores minute,

uniform.

i Soa

Et.

-et

The genus is limited to a single species found also in New Zealand and the Pacific

. T. tannensis, Bernh. in Schrad. Journ. 1800, ii. 131, t. 2, f. 5.

tems from a creeping slender rootstock sending o or pendulous, 6

produ at o

rather shorter than the leaves and occasion ally replaci bu them in the

upper part of the stem, deeply divided into 2 Shine like the ve.

Tmesipteris.] CXLV. LYCOPODIACE Æ. 681

Spreng. in Schrad. Journ . 1799, ii. 267; Psilotum truncatum, R. Br.

rod. 164 ; Psilotum Torro Endl. Iconogr. t. 85; Tmesipteris trun-

cata Desv. i n Ann. Soc. Linn. Par. vi. 192; Hook. Gen. Filic. t. 86;

p orator, End. Prod. Fl. Nort. 6; Spring, wae Lycop. 265;

SR f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 155; T. Billardieri, Endl. 1. <6; Spring, Le.

ueensland. Bellend

Bay, Dadlachy. ellender Ker Range and Mount Lenten WEB Se

Sake Wales. Port Jackson to d» Blue Mountains, R, Brown, A. Cunningham

ers; New England, C. Stua ; Clarence River, Wilcox ; Mawarra, John-

son; Lord Howe’s Island, C.. Moor

wile ia. Yarra and Darideiiióg Ranges, Sealer's Cove, Gipps Land, F.

A Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown ; Not uncommon hanging from rocks and

vallis ot trees, J. D. Hooker, also on moist banks, A. Cunningham.

Spreng el’s specific name tannensis has been discarded ds weg botanists ipee

eal and

Forster's specimens in the British Museum are mar ced a m New Zealand

not from ‘Tanna, and are probably those designated i oes ee Pro -

N^ Bina, šoland., trom New a ala üt there is every n to believe that

S e plant grows in na as in several other islands of the Pacific, and

oe positiv ely stutes that Forster’ s specimen i s herbari was tha

i n station given on the authority of two Dena ens in Herb

" ok. from Douglas, has probably arise slae me accident in sorting specimens,

or it has not been ; y any subsequent t epllector. The South

eatin station given by Spring originates in another error, he

Kangaroo Bottom qi RR for Kangaroo Island.

F. Mueller observes that the capsules (capsule-like sori) are occas! casionally though

M ery rarely 3-celled, which would justify the restoring the species to Psilotum where

rown had placed it, were it not that the habit were so totally differen

7. PSILOTUM, Swartz.

Stems dichotomous, with distant notches bearing minute scalelike

leaves, sometimes scarcely promment, cud p Mice: by MOT

minute bifid bracts ^ Spore-cases usually 3 together, united

capsule-lke sorus, sessile in the axil of or attached to the nen nearly

‘globular, 3- vines 3-celled, opening loculieidally in 3-valves. Spore

ed unif

mall tropical and subtropical genus common to the ide and the 9 World.

a the Vr inq species nei a wide range in Ameri and Asia, but perhaps

one only in Afric

Branches, at least EES ales ones somn e a ce eee cr iigiin

Branches all flat x A ka P. complanatum.

l. P. triquetrum, Swartz; UM Monogr. Ly [ d, 269.—

682 CXLV. LYCOPODIACEJE. [ Psilotum.

Rhizome short, intrieately branched. Stems erect or pendulous when

on trees, from 3 or 4 in. to above 1 ft. long, repeatedly dichotomous in

the upper c the fertile branches 3- angled, the barren ones usually

flattened. Seale-like leaves minute and subulate, the bracts subtend-

ing the Sette equally small and distant but forked. Capsule-

like sori globular, about 1 line diameter, attached to the bract below

the fork.—R. Br. Prod. 164; Hook. Gen. Filic. t. 87, Filic. Exot. t. 63.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy; Rockhampton and neighbourhood,

Bowman, O Shane esy ; Moreton Bay and other localities in South Queensland, W.

Hill, F. Mueller and o

thers.

N. G Port Jackson si u* Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham

and many others; New England, uart; Macleay River, Risger ald ; Richmond

River, Mrs. Sod Pinain y Lord owes dila C. Moore, Fitzg

In most tropical or subtropical moist regions in the New and the Old World, more

rare in Africa,

2. P. complanatum, Swartz; Spring, Monogr. Lycop. i

Stems Few as in P. triquetrum, but usua ally longer d pene

and the fruiting branches as well as the whole stem flat, varying from

1 to 2 lines broad, rigid or flaccid, the margins alternately notched.

ves and bracts very minute or almost obsolete. Capsule-like sori

smaller than in P. triguetrum.——P. flaccidum, Spring, |. c.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Bowen, Woolls.

Also in tropical Asia and America, the Mascarene and Pacific Islands.

Order CXLVI. MARSILEACEJE.

the involucre (ż.e. on the under surface of the recurved frond), each

sorus enclosed in a yen ier s indusium, apparently dividing the in-

voluere into as many ce

oer Order is limited to the two Australian genera, both of which have a wide

in the New as well as the Old World. They might well be regarded as form-

i alli i

not seen F, Mueller's collecti is order ie the Kew Herbarium contains

thentic specimens of most of A. ins aun’s s

Barren fronds with a 4-foliolate lamina. Sori several often

cese eg v dg hr veins within the Lela 1, MARSILEA-

Barren fronds Sori ripae dl their indusia dividing the

pohar ie sae into 4 cells. Aquatic plant . . 2, PILULARIA.

CXLVI. MARSILEACER. 683

1. MARSILEA, Linn.

Rhizome creeping and rooting at the nodes. Barren fronds with a

long petiole or stipes, the lamina divided into 4 digitate leaflets, with

numerous forked veins radiating from their base. Involucres sessile or

stipitate, their stipes often but not always combined at the base with

those of the barren fronds as in Ophioglossex. Sori linear, on trans-

verse veins proceeding from the upper side or midrib of the involucre,

the indusia often more or less combined, dividing the involuere into 2

series of transverse cells. ^ Each sorus consisting of few macro-

sporangia, each one surrounded by several mierosporangia.

ü e ge i nge in the northern hemisphere and one of the Austra-

an species does not appear to be distinct from the common northern one. The

others are proba ly endemic.

Lin. . . o. L M. quadrifolia.

Leaflets narrow-oblong. Involucres hirsute, sessile or nearly

"os Ec ee a cia ge ea E I uo

Leaflets obovate usually hirsute. Involucres hirsute, sessile

OF AMI. Seton e fo ees seg oes TOME MEIN

xpi obovate, often crenate; silky-villous underneath.

volucres on stipes of 1 to nearly 2 in. 4. M. Drummondii,

: no difference between these and European specimens except that the

stipes of the involucres are usually but not always rather longer and almost but

not quite free from that of the barren frond.

N.S. Wales. Port Jackson, R, Brown.

2. M. angustifolia, R. Br. Prod. 167.—Leaflets narrow-oblong,

very obtuse truncate or slightly toothed at the end, the stipes slender,

filiform, 2 to 3 in. long in Brown's specimens, above 1 ft. in F.

Mueller’s, glabrous or nearly so. Involucres hirsute and nearly sessile

as in M. hirsuta, but in the few specimens seen solitary at the nodes.

_N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Victoria River,

F. Mueller.

. 3. M. hirsuta, R. Br. Prod. 167.— Young ends of the rbizome

densely rusty-villous. Leaflets obovate or broadly cuneate, sparingly

or densely hirsute underneath, the stipes usually long and slender.

Involucres small, usually clustered, sessile at the base of the barren

fronds or on a stipes shorter than the involuere.—A Br. in Berl.

Monatsber. 1870, 732.

N. Australia. Islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Brown ; Victoria River,

F, Mueller,

684 CXLVI. MARSILEAOEJE. [ Marsilea.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F.

Mueller ; ey Lucre Harima aan.

N.S Wales. Port Jackson, R. Brow

Victoria? Ballarat, Deni The iiki not in fruit and therefore

doubtful

n had ete apt some me S NE gis as a variety which he

afterw: a published a es, M. ata, A. Br. in Berl. Monatsber. 1870, 732.

ome specimens show both eee and en Di mm

M. Drummondii, 4. n Linnea, xxv. 721.—9Ends of the

rhizome under ne of the Eaton and involucres more or less silky-

hairy. Stipes of the barren fronds usually long and slender; leaflets

broadly obovate-cuneate or fan-shaped, more or less crenate or shortly

lobed or rarely quite entire. Involueres larger than in any of the

Peping species, the stipes or peduncles clustered, free from the base,

to 1$ or rarely 2 in. long.— M. Muelleri, A. as in Linnea, xxv. 721;

AM. macropus, Hook. Ie. PI. t. 909, Gard. Ferns, 68.

N. S. s, Victoria, S. Australia and WV. py lia, ranging over the

whole des ind Inter, the und cao known as a miserable article of food aie the

name of Nardoo, Gathered by numerous cultivators and cultivated in the Berlin

Garden (Drummond, n. 398).

A. Bra d in the Kew and other herbaria distinguished several varieties upon

characters which I fail to appreciate, although he afterwards raised them into ten

distinct species, M. Howittiana, M. sericea, M. Muelleri, M. macra, M. oxaloides, M.

hirsutissima, M. Nardu, M. Drummondii, M. salvatrir and M. elata, A. Dr. in Berl.

nas 8 i

> he a f

and base of the involucres vary much in their relative degree of prominence, but

appear to me to show no constancy in this respect even on the same plant.

2. PILULARIA, Linn.

Rhizome filiform, creeping, rooting at the nodes. Barren fronds

reduced to a filiform stipes, few or clustered at ie nodes. Involucres

solitary at the nodes, sessile or shortly stipitate, globular. Sori 2 to 4,

vertically adnate, their indusia at first pulpy at length membranous,

involuere into 2 to 4 cells. pore-cases numerous, the lower ones in

each sorus macrosporangia, the upper ones g Ra Gainers and much

more numerous.

Besides the Australian n rm is also in New Zealand and in Western

Europe, there is a North America

1 era, Linn.; Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 57.—Rootstock

creeping under water, often reg a creme extent. Filiform barren

fronds of a bright green like the leaves of Isoetes, varying from 1 to 3

in. long, usually few together at the nodes. Involucres like little pills 1$

ste lines diameter, slightly o , — or borne on ge or recurv

stipes or peduncles, rarely above 4 in. long.—Hook. Fl. Tasm. ii.

1870, 752 CREE X. be: m Bd. Momisbor 1863, 435,

Near Pi enquite, Gun

w. Australia, Drummond, n. 991.

CXLVII. FILICES. 685

Orper CXLVII. FILICES or FERNS.

h Spore-cuses usually small, collected (rarely

united) in clusters or pneu called sori (rarely solitary) on the under

urface or margins of the Fete fron s, which are either nearly

similar to the barren ones Or arrow resembling simple or

c d

membrane called indusium x sometimes involucre), variously

opening with the growth of the spore-cases, but usually SDE

attached to the frond on one or both sides or rarely in the centr

This beautiful Order is iNav in all moist climates hot or cold, less so in dry

and arid countries, The maj S of th a and

are as widely diffused as po s and Cyperacege. Of the 38 Australian genera, n

less than 29 have a general ranges over the New and the Old- World as some of

Cai o 3

arl

ealand and the i aae Islands, one only and that a very distinct peces

A ine WI mag is endemi

The systematic d of Filices has been rendered unusually tedious and c

plicated, pen only by the great variability of the species but chiefly by the cane.

mous multiplication of supposed genera and species, founded upon trifling and

vague disti atid, which have been proposed by Pteridologists, — since the

cultivation of Ferns has become so general In working upt the Australian species

my labours have been materially lessened by the kind co-operation of r. Baker,

aaa fogs Saat as me bost avari on the sale And although hare asin

have

Tar - Ophioglossex.— Fro s not circinate, the barren end den —

site, snp or branched, the cetus of bo both a y combined at the base. Spore-

cases globular, 2-valved, without any ring, sessile 2 rows or in pga clusters on

the spike or its branches

Barren and fertile fronds undivided or mo i.

pore-cases sessile, slightly connate in ws on

the rhachis of the spike . 1. OPHIOGLOSSUM.

Barren and fertile fronds branch hed. Spore

sessile in 2 rows on the branches of the eirca . 9. BorrycHIuM.

686 CXLVII. FILICES,

Barren fronds cttam. with divided segments. iie

fronds spikelik py ore-cases in small den

clusters all batik the rhachis + + + . . 8. HELMINTHOSTACHYS.

Trier II, Marattiez. bie Spo" "= CASES without any perfect ring, opening in 2 valves

or in lngitwdinct slit, sessile or united, in 2 rows, in sori forming marginal lobes

to the segments or placed. 0n "their under sw face

Climbing ferns. Sori forming small lobes Wirdering

the p pin p! ei the divided fronds , . . 4. LYGÓDIUM,

Erect simple or dichotomous ferns, without xpanded

] ori B fs i

inae.

tiguous and secand at the ends of the branches . 5$. SCHIZEA.

bipi i ide b

side in a continuous row on the under side of the

margin.

8 ntsn

Spore-cases eie. sessilein 2r 6. ANGIOPTERIS.

Spare-caneaii in 2r i but bonegtidetod into entire

boat-s hada 7. MARATTIA.

Trier III. Osmundeæ ve.— Spore- -cases globular or nearly so without any or with

an imperfect or transverse ving, openi) ig in 2 valves or irregularly, few, sometimes

solitary, rarely numerous and clustered in sori, on the under surface of the segments or

innules,

Fronds — barren ones with flat segments,

fert with linear segments. Spore-cases large,

the longitudinal veins and enclosed

erm deni mar ini i - . . 8, CERATOPTERIS.

Fronds sores ay pinnate, with 4 mall pinn innules, Sori of

a e-cases, terminating transverse veins

ing from the midrib 9. PLatyzoMA,

Foki dichotomous, Pinnules s pinnately distichous,

Sori of few spore-cases, attached to e branch

of fo red veinlets proceedin er: the nid ib . 10, GLEICHENIA.

be s pum ate. Sori of fe bir o numerous spori

at the base of or covering ies order Lo

NE fri the midrib :

. 11. TODEA.

E IV. Hymenophyllez.—Spore-cas SESS

or nearly $0 0n & columnar receptacle eitis a T a or 2-1 erar poten a en-

r pro seges from the margin of the frond. Fronds of a thin membranous

half- peli texture

up-shaped or tubular, with an en or

AU 2-lobed EM Receptacle often ex-

12. TRICHOMANES.

"Indusium divided to bel elow ‘the middle into 2 valves,

Receptacle usually included. . 13. HYMENOPHYLLUM.

Trise V. hi ena ace Tree ferns. Fronds large, compound. Spore-cases small,

with a more or less oblique ring, sessile on a slightly ise receptacle, in globular sort

on the under surface T the fron

cg at first uM SOME the sorus, at length

cie under + . 14. CYATHEA.

Indusium wh irs ts nid only by. the lower mar-

gin and not forming a comple ring, o small

to —emnméAnt . deed ido scias . « « 16. HzwrrELIA,

ee .... . . . . . 16. ALsOPHILA.

CXLVII FILICES. 687

E VI. Polypodieze.— Habit various. Spo re-cases small, with a longitudinal

FS rey oblique ring, numerous and. stipitate in sort or patches on the under-side or

b y the margins of the fr

A. Sori covered at least when young with an indusium,

Sori globular or slightly oblong, Indusium cup-

ed.

shaped or r globular and 2-valv

Sori close to the ma rgin, Indusium adnate on the

upper side, opening in 2 valves or leaving a

complete ring . . 17. DICKSONIA.

Sori and indusium protruding from E margin. . 18. DEPARIA

Sori Veces to or near the marg Indusium adnate

the base only or slong ‘tha sides forming with

e frond a complete cup 19. DAVALLIA.

Sori lina marginal Indusium linear, opening from

argin kwod s.

Frond simple, lin Indusium of the texture of

the frond, the nu apperenny ae oe

ouble m 0. VITTARIA.

Frond a or bipinnate. ' Indusium — ipd

branous . . . 21, LiNDsza.

Sori marginal, Indusium continuous with the mar-

gin and o opening from the under edge outwards.

F sy pinnate „or compound. V Veins of the pinnules

i din the petiole 22, ADIANTUM.

rved. Sori

ronds shat? Pinn Me pennin

“3 = Indusium a small scale recurved over

23. HYPOLEPIS,

Tindak compound, with small lobed segments. Sori

short or globular. Indusium the slightly altered

margins of the sige curved over 24, CHEILANTHES,

Fronds PM. de and indus Hone + usually

long and . 25. PTERIS.

Sori in $ tanus — is e ong the midrib.

Sori on both aed „of the - midrib, | the indusium

ipie

Sori at length covering ths eset surface of Bes

: fertile fr Lomarta.

Sori at de FUE over the midrib but yet

tan the margin . 27. BLECHNUM.

Sori in a single line along the midrib, ina groove

of which the cogos form the indusium,

: Frond small, single . . 28. MoNoGRAMME.

Sori and indusia oblong or shortly lin parallel

Moe mi midrib, on veinlets connecting ag ea forked

. 29. Doopra,

Bori ind ‘indus oblong or inca; on veins diverging

from the midri 30. ASPLENIUM.

Sori cian usu small, as in `. Polypodium, but

with an indusi

dusium dien. £t the base bearing the so . 81. CxsroPrERiS.

Indusium m within = brka peltate o or or-

bicular-re . 92. ASPIDIUM.

B. No indusium.

Sori grbicular, usually Lus igni Mond on

under surtute . . 33. PoLPODIUM.

688 CXLVIi. FILICES.

Sori marginal as in Cheilanthes but the margin un-

altered in consistence, escas often curved over

the young sorus . . . 34, NoTHOLJENA.

Sori linear or oblong, on veins dive verging "from the

eem b, sometimes crowded in an intramarginal

. 35. GnaMurrIS.

Sori p linear, r, on | the longitudinal snastomosing

ins of a simple frond 36. ANTROPHYUM.

Sori ondoak at length completely covering the under

surface of the fertile fronds o es 37. ACROSTICHUM.

Spore-cases innumerable in large 'patohes towards the

end of the fertile fronds . . , 98. PLATYCERIUM.

TnarsE I. OPnroarossE x. — Barren fronds leaflike ; fertile ones spike-

like, simple or branched, the stipes of both frequently combined at the

base (the barren lamina then resembling a leaf on the stipes of the

fertile one). Spore-cases globular, 2- valved, without any ring, ens

in 2 rows or in small oe ers on the spike or its branches. Fron

not circiuate in vernatio

1. OPHIOGLOSSUM, Linn.

Barren frond leaflike, entire or forked at the end, reticulately

veined. Fertile jaming c or Reit Nue d epos pore-eases ses-

sile and more or less k to < in 2 rows along the rhachis,

opening in a eed eek as to the spike, longitudinal as to the

spore-case.

A small = generally spread over the tropical and temperate regions of the

globe. Of the two AMAN species one has the wide distribution of the genus, the

i is Gonia Asiatic

Barren frond ovate-lanceolate or linear, resembling a leaf

on the peduncle of the spike 1. O. vulgatum.

Meroe nd ribbon-like from the base, the o spike appearing

dunculate on the lamina . 2. 0. pendulum.

Oo. tum, z oak and Bak. Syn. Filic. 445.—Rhizome

small, kair. Ase Rada € en a few inches to near 1 foot

high, "the barren leaflike lamina E or below the middle of the

stipes, varying from broadly ov or ea ilie and 1 to 2 in.

long, to ovate and 4 to 1 in. em or narrow-lanceolate or linear and 1

o 13 in. long, p ae evary iutermediate form and size, copiously reticu-

late when broad, the veins ore longitudinal and slightly anastomosing

size

the lamina is narrow. Spike varying in length with the of

es e phus, with very few 40 m more than a dozen. € in each

. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 158, t de y eee his m. v. 112; €

—-Hoo

cura, Willd. and O. costatum, R "he Prod. 1

N. Australia. Arnhem North Bay, R. Brown.

Ophioglossum. | CXLVH. FILICES, 689

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mu ger and others; Rock-

hampton and neighbouring districts, Bowman, Thozet, O' Sha:

- ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, "E "Brown, Woolls and

Victoria. Yarra and Murray Rivers, Station Peak, etc., F. Mueller,

Tasmania. Common at Formosa, Gunn ; King’s Island, Neate.

The species is hiii ‘most warm and temperate py and everywhere varies

80 much in the size and ies of the leaflike lamina t has been divided into

a number of species, which the most acute vers in ies have again

ited. I alia some of the larger broad-leaved forms chiefly S. Wales

and Queensland, resemble the O. reticulatum Linn. ; s S. Ind. t. 70,

though not cordate as in Hook. and Grev. Spec. Filic. t. 20. The Australian speci-

P ; ;

ens however, opacny t me, southern ones, are generally eae and intermediate

pen -— ad and narro any of them well represented by O. parvifolium, Hook.

Bedd. Ferns `S, Ind t. 71, others by O. ellipticum, Hook. and Grev, Ic.

Bii và t di others again narrow asin O. Pre it Linn.; Hook. ker Grev. Ic.

2, O, pendulum, Linn.; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fil. 446.—Barren

frond pendulous from trees and rocks, often many feet long, ribbon-

the base. safe re-cases in 2 opposite rows as in O. vulgatum, buried

when : Ry in the continuous dee sg at "ng oceupying nearly

i . an

Que Tena Head of the Brisbane, W. Hil; near Rockhampton, Thozet,

0' ov Y, growing usually out of the ifs of Platycerium.

: - S. Wales. Ash Island, Leichha

.. Also in tropical Asia extending on the one hand to the Mascarene, on the other

to the Pacific Islands.

2, BOTRYCHIUM, Swartz.

Barren fronds pinnate or compound. Madero fronds with branched

spikes, vines: a peduneulate panicle. re-cases sessile in 2 rows

along the branches, marginal but turn wards, opening in a

Sure, transverse as to the rhachis, e kadil as to the spore-

case,

A genus of os 8. ecies, chiefly extratropical, dispersed over the New and the Old

Wo: dd on then iem and southern hemispheres. The Australian species are both

very generally dintribut ed.

Barren frond simply pinnate, ae) sessile or nearly so -

on the dtp of the fertile . 1, B, lunarta.

Barren and fertile fronds erg ‘compound, their respective

stipites shortly united or sometim ;

2. B. ternatum.

YOL, VII. 2x

690 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Botrychium.

» Swartz; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filie. 447.—Com-

bined trond 3 to 6 or rarely 8 in. high, with a few adnate scales at the

base of the common stipes. Barren frond apparently a from

the middle of the plant, $ to 3 in. long, pinnate, with. Troes to 15

distant pinnz or segments, obliquely obovate-cuneate, fan-shaped or

bran 1 o in. broad, of a thick consistence entire or

crenate, the forked veins radiating trom the base. Fertile panicle

lanceolate i in outline, $ to 2 in. long, with few short branches, all turn ed

to one side.—Hook. Brit. Ferns, t. 48; Hook, f. AA Tasm. ii. 154;

Muell. Fragm. v. 113; Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 2

Victoria. Snowy Plains on the Ovens, Goulbourn, Caboga and Mitta-Mitta

Rivers F. Mueller.

Tasmania Grassy plains, ascending to 4000 ft., Gunn, Archer, C. Stuart.

Widely spread over the eroe and cooler regions of the northern hemisphere,

also in extratropical South Ameri

. B. ternatum, Swartz.; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic

stipite of the barren aud fertile fronds free below their division and

metimes pos the base. Barren lamine 2 to 5 in. long and at least

as bro MR with ‘pinnate divisio ons. Pinne _ orate lano

ternata, Thunb. Fl. Jap. 329, t. 32; Botrychium australe, R. Br.

Prod. 164; B. virginianum, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 154, t. 169, not of

wartz.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; summit of Mount Archer, near Rock-

Don: O Shanesy, Thozet.

S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

Victoria. Maroka Valley at an elevation of 4000 ft., F. Mueller

Tasmania. Moist shady places, Gunn ; Mersey River, A,

Also in extratropical North America and Asia and in New Zealand.

3. HELMINTHOSTACHYS, Kaulf.

Barren frond leaflike, divided. Fertile frond a peduneulate spikelike

panicle. Spore-cases globular but free, in dense clusters all round the

rhachis, Mace irregularly in an external slit

limited to the single Australian Mies which extends over East

hd e Ns Archipelago mass New Caledoni

H. zeylanica, Hook. Gen. Filic. t. 47, 2nd. Cent. Ferns, t. 95;

Gard. Ferns, t. 28 Vip ein thiek, ereeping, with fleshy fibres.

Fronds united in a stipes often 1 ft. long, the fertile leaflike lamina

nearly sessile upon it, usually 3-partite, each division deeply pinnatifid.

Helminthostachys. | OXLVIÍ. FILICES. 691

Segments lanceolate, 3 to 5 in. long, 1 to 1 in. broad, entire or denticu-

late, more or less decurrent and confluent at the base. Veins sip Sali

simple or forked, parallel mg diverging from the midrib, all fre

the peduncle at ye as jolig above the barren lamina. Clusters of

Spore-cases short and crowded, each cluster usually terminating in a

crestlike oy ee cael spore-cases ?)—Bedd. Ferns 38. Ind. t.

69; F. Muell. Frag

Que land. ROGA. Bay, F Hill, Dallaehy ; Port Denison and Daintree

Es Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Thoz

Trise IT. ManarrIE5.— Fronds cireinate in vernation. Spore-cases

without any perfect ring, opening in 2 valves or in a ep gemis po

sessile or united, in 2 rows, in sori forming marginal lobes t

rhachis or segments, or placed on their under surface.

4, LYGODIUM, Swartz.

Climbing ferns, with long twining stems. Fronds pinnately or in

species not Australian dichotomously divided, inserted on the common

m in divaricate pairs, usually on a very short common stalk or

A tropical genus widely spread over the New as well as the Old World. Of the

three Australian € $ed lay a wide range in the Old World, the third is only

in the Pacific Isla

Frond, the petiole.

n : ae B aet Pinnules articulate on the p E eae

Fronds simply pinnate or the lower pinne again i pinn innate.

Pinnules articulate on the petiole. “Veins often

anustomosin

Fronds more or less ss bipinnate. Pinnules not articulate, eeu

often decurrent on the petiole. Veinsall free . « 3, L. japonicum.

m d reticulatum.

l. S. scandens, Swartz; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 437.—Ste

rather slender, but twining and climbing to i considerable extent,

o more, from cordate-ovate to oblong-lanceolate or hastate,

varying fr i l ften shortly lobed at the base, and

VS I

i dis t Esential an. Sori m Pages the » margin of

pinnules sue to the barren ones, | sometimes all very eher Mir i

Ó pairs of spore-cases, sometimes in the same specimen

962 | CXLVIL FILICES. [.Lygodium.

long, with 12 to 15 pairs of spore-cases.— Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 61;

L. microphyllum, R. Br. Prod. 162; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 118.

N. Australia, Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 382; Adams Bay, Hulse; Liverpool

River, Gulliver.

Queensland. Sandy Cape, Hervey Bay, R. Brown ; Cape York and Endeavour

River, W. Hil! Daemel, N. Taylor ; Rockingham Bay, Dailachy; Port Denison,

Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, Thozet ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham

F. Mueller.

N. S. Ww

ales. Tweed River, Guilfoyle.

Widely spread over tropical Asia, received also from tropical Africa.

pinnate, with 3 to 5 secondary pinnules. Veins forked, diverging from

a central nerve and occasionally crossing each other or anastomosing.

Sori small, usually numerous and crowded along the margins, each with

2 pairs of spore-cases.—Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 439 ;

Hydroglossum scandens, Presl ; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 62. i

Queensland. York Peninsula, N. Taylor; Daintree River, Fitzalan ; Rocking-

ham Bay, Dallachy.

Also in the Pacific Islands,

or toothed when barren, the veins free ; fertile fronds either similar <

he barren ones or reduced to a branched rhachis. Sori forming sho

linear marginal lobes as in Z. scandens.— L. semibipinnatum, R. Br.

Prod. 162, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 113.

N. Australia. Islands off the North Coast, R. Brown ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n.

20; Roper River, McDouall Stuart; Etheridge River, Gulliver.

i Cape York, Daemel; York Peninsula, N. Taylor ; Endeavour

a A. Cunningham, G. Brown; Dayman's Isle, W. Hill; Rockingham Bay,

Spread over the Malayan Archipelago, East Indies and Eastern Asia to Japan.

5. SCHIZZEA, Sm.

r gants closely imbricate in a secund spike at the end of M:

rtile branches, those of the two sides folded against each other wit

the fructification inside. ^ Spore-cases globular, without any ring

Rhizome short. Fronds erect, linear, terete or very narrow, simple

forked or dichotomous, without expanded laminez. Sori forming small

Schizea. | CXLVIL FILICES. 693

opening in 2 valves, sessile in 2 rows covering the inner surface of the

pinnules, which is really their under side, though from the curvature of

the spike it M appear to be the upper one.

The ends over tropical and temperate America and the southern

hemisphere of the “Old World. Of the four Australian nale one has the general

he ces another is scattered over the m ern hemisphere chiefly extra-

tropical, a third is in New Zealand, one only is endemic.

ads ente or nearly so, undivided. ier pinnules

lines lon 1. S. fistulosa.

Bani broli or — s0, mostly bifid, ' Soriferous pinnules

very narrow, dis 4 lines long 2. S. bifida,

Asy uet narrow-linear, undivide d. Soriferous "pinnules

ng at em base of the A rene o tolline . 3. S. rupestris.

ean press da dichoto: . 4. S. dichotoma,

. S. fistulosa, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 103, t. 250.— Fronds

ae tufted, 4 to 8 in. long, terete, undivided. Spike of the fertile

ones about 4 in. long, with 6 to 20 pairs of oblong soriferous pinnules

searcely above 1 line long, denticulat or shortly fr fri inge pore-cases

usually 4 to 8 pairs in each sorus.—Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filie. 429;

F. Muell. eee. v.113; 8. bifida, Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 152.

Victoria. Tarwin River, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller ; Xx Mount William, Sullivan, `

Tasmania , abilarirs 'R. Brown ; near George Town, Gunn; Southport, C.

Stuart ; near Circular He ad, F. Mueller.

Also i in New ee New Caledonia, Madagascar and Chili.

2. S. bifida, Swartz; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 429.—Fronds

terete, 9 to 18 in. high, once forked at or below the middle or rarely

undivided. Spike of the fertile ones } to $ in. lon ng, the soriferous

pinnules very numerous and closely aoe narrow linear, 3 to 4 lines

qug, — with long cilia. deer end often vmi much smaller

in S. fistulosa.—R. Br. Prod. 162 ; Sieb. Fl. Mixt. n

N. Australia. Near Providence Hill, F. Mueller.

Queensland. ' Port Bowen, R. Brown ; Rockingham Bay, Dalk

Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue ogre Banks “and —

4. Cuniingham, Woolls and others; New iver,

Wilco acleay Pe ium 'ald ; Hichi River, Be. es aa pe di

to Twoiold 1 epe F. Mue

Victo Brighto "u^ Mue

oninia iard Fedsas» pR

Also in New Zealand. Included by F. Muell, Fragm. v. 113, in S. dichotoma,

3. estris, R. Br. Prod. 162.—Fronds cone above 4 in.

long, s ded, flattened, about 1 line broad, tapering to a short.

ook. an

ae nd Grev. A Filie. t. 48; Hook. Gard. ] en t. 42.

S. Wales. rt Jackson to the Blue Moantains, on damp rocks, rare,

R, zv A. redii Fraser, Woolls; Yllawarra, JoAnso

694 CXLVII. FILICES. [Schizea

S. riesen: Swartz; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 480

ities 6 in. to above 1 ft. hig h, dichotomously divided into very

numerous branches slightly flattened especially when barren, forming

a flat corymbose top, all or most of them in some specimens fertile,

in os all or DN of them barren. Soriferous pinnules of the fertile

spike very narrow and closely Were cows as in ifida, but usually

smaller, varying from 1 to nearly 3 lines long. —R. Br. Prod. 162;

Hook. and Grev. ns Filie. t. 17; Bede. Ferns S. Ind. t. 65; F.

Muell. Fragm. v. 113 ; Sieb. FI. Mixt. n. 297.

N. tralia. arwin, Schultz, n. 208; Castlereagh River, Gulliver.

oo ee seers Eaa Islands, P Brown ; Cape York, Daemel x

En deavour River, i diana sess Wi Taylor r, G. Brown; Daintree River, Fitzalan ;

Cape Sidmouth, co ring the ground in ‘lar, arge patches, W. Hill ; Rockingham Bay

and d Rockhamp ton, “Dallechs y ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller

. S. Wales Paramatta, Woolls, and Blue Mountains, Mrs. Calvert, each a

deis specimen,

Extends over tropical America and Asia, the Mascarene and Pacific Islands, to

New Zealand.

6. ANGIOPTERIS, Hoffm.

Trunk erect, almost arborescent. Fronds large, Pi sh the st

with zs poi persistent auricles at the base. Spore-cases globular,

without any ring, opening inwards in 2 Berni praia in 2 rows in

ae. sori, placed side a Ae e in a continuous row near the margin of

the se coments, No indusi

The genus is limited by Hooker and others to the single Australian pind

ranging ore tropica — Eastern Asia to Japan -— extending on the one hand to

adagascar and o

SÍ

®©

Bee

[e]

rg &

pi.

[-7]

gre

"ES:

1 2

feu

enya Monogr. ss . 15, and some others into 63 potins viser inso far as ef

y be discriminated, - only be considered as individual variat:

vecta, Hi offm. ; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 440. —Trunk

road, e 12 to 15 ft. long, on a more or less deem stipes

but otherwise quite glabrous, gree ne d ary pinnules

or segments linear-oblong, 3 to 8 in. ion a uminate, crenate-

serrate or rarely entire, Veins nearly parallel diverging | see the

pa ida entire or forked. Spore-cases 4 to 6 pairs in each so ook.

. Ic. Filic. t. 36 ; Hook. Filic. Exot

Queensland, PERET Bay, W. Hill, Deiliehy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

7. MARATTIA, Sm.

Rhizome large, tuberous. Fronds

the stipes WAR adnate auricles at the base. Spore-cases completely

united in 2 rows, in oblong boat-shaped sori, placed side by side m ?

continuous row gous to the margin o of the pinnules or between the

midrib and the margin, the spore-cases opening inwards in longitudi-

large, twice or thrice pinnate,

Marattia.] CXLYIL FILICES. 695

nal slits without any other external mark to distinguish them, the sorus

ial divided into so many cells in 2 r

us of few species dispersed over the in regions of the New and the Old

wei aud the southern e extratropical ae of the Old World. The only Australian

species has a general range in the Old World,

fraxin Sm. Ic. Ined. t. 48.—Fronds 9 to 12 ft. lon

chy). Secondary pinnules or segments oblong-lanceolate,

acuminate, often 8 in. long and 12 in. broad, “but much smaller in ot

specim with numerous parallel simple or forked transverse veins,

the barren point usually serrate, the fertile portion entire or ly

serrate. — Boat-shaped sori rather above 1 line long, oblique and close

together in a continuous row close to the margin, the vein on which

they rest sometimes slightly opins and fringed, but scarcely so in

our Australian specimens ; upper surface of the sorus concave, th

and cells indicating the number of united Spore came, 5 to 8 pair in pon

sorus.—Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 440; Be dd. Ferns S. Ind. t

M. salicina, Sm. ; ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 114.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, oe In" Dallachy ; York Peninsula, N. Taylor ;

Daintree vets Fitzalan ; Bowen

N. S. wW ord Howe’ : land n Moore, with smaller pinnules and longer

sori of 15 to 201 eril of spore-ca

Spread over the tropical and southern extratropical regions of the ec bro

The species should iudedó several of those proposed by De Vriese, Monogr. Mara

TRIBE III. Osmunpeaw.—Fronds circinnate in venation, divided or

The typical Osmunda is not Australian, but is nearly allied to Todea barbara,

8. CERATOPTERIS, Brongn.

Fertile fronds compound with narrow linear segments. Sori of

single globular spore-cases opening irregularly, with an incomplete or

marked with concentric rings.

The genus is limited to the single Australian species which is widely distributed

over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World.

a = thalictroides, Brongn. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. = Syn. Filic.

uatic or semiaquatic annual fern. Fro wice or

nce Sud the fertile ones 6 in. to 1 ft, Ss the ‘Secondary or

696 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Ceratopteris.

tertiary pinnz short, with few distinct linear segments 2 to above

lin. long, the re volute margins enclosing the facti cation the whole

leneth. Barren fronds distinct, shorter and more spreading, with

fewer short broad variously shaped segments, flat and of a soft half

succulent texture. Spore-cases in the Australian specim dee with a

broad nearly somplete ring as figured a oe Ferns S. Ind. t.

g ^.

Queensland. Cape York, Daemel ; Cape York Peninsula, N. Taylor ; Rocking-

ham Bay, Dallachy ; Rocki phan fas neighbouring districts, Bovina o Shanesy ; ;

Moreton Bay, F. Mueller,

9. PLATYZOMA, R. Br.

Frondstufted on a horizontal oe pinnate, the pinnules small

and numerous along a simple e to 4 spore-cases,

terminating simple veinlets dns from the midrib, the soriferous

end free and incurved between the frond and an inner membrane.

Mature spore-cases globular, very deciduous, bursting irregularly, the

inner membrane of the pinnule irregularly torn and disappearing.

jue genus is limited to the single species endemic in Australia, the great t difference

ctification as well asin habit appears to me to preclude its union with Gleichenia

as y plaa by F. Mueller.

microphyllum, R. Br. Prod. 160. ETE short, ky

densely. covered with long br etaceous scales. Fronds 6 i

above | ft. high, the rhachis smooth and shining. Pinne o

" aii — £ Carpentas aria, R. Brown, Gulliver; Arnhem Lm

Fitamaurice River and iian e Hil, F. Mueller; Glenelg River, N. W. Coas

Brown, W. Hill; York Peninsula, Taylor ;

4 Facing Island, R 5

ham c amet Downs of the interior, Mitehell, Woolls, Bire

-Bowman and oth

TRA Ata easy in ge» = omg — to find the e perfect sori in situ, for when ripe m

sie E panis and the inner membrane which confin

heit pera up or vibes

10. GLEICHENIA, Sm.

Fronds from a i tnde erect or mene ie main

rhachis Soon yery numerous entire or pinnatifid innules,

Gleichenia.] CXLVIT. FILICES. 697

xus along the ultimate branches and often also below the last

orks. Sori without indusium, of few (2 to 12) spore-cases attache

b one binh of forked veinlets, either superficial or slightly embedded

in the substance of the frond. Spore-cases surrounded by a transverse

=e and opening vertically in 2 valves.

e genus is spread over the tropical an subtropical pkio of the New and the

"TE World, extending into cooler regions in the southern hemisphere. Of the four

Australian species one is aiy dist tsibutod ó ver the ar of the genus, the three

others extend to New Zealand and New Caledonia, Mud. ‘two of them also into

the Malayan Archipelago.

Pinnules divided to the na into numerous small segments,

cases usually 3 or 4, has “the e upper inner angle . . 1. G. circinata.

Segments bullate, the recurved margins almost closed over

to therhachis. Spore-cases s usualy 2,ina bo more ;

than half the breadth of the segmen 2. G. dicarpa.

Pinnules green oth sides, continued on rus aaa

a boi rhachis tase. the last fork. Sori of 3 or 4

3. G. flabellata.

Pianos Plows underneath, only on the last branches. of

the rhachis above the last fork. Suri of 8 o

Spore-cases . . 4. G. dichotoma.

1. G.

short, but: rpg “repeatedly ae and. scrambling to the height

of many feet, the main rhachis glabrous or eet y scaly-hirsute.

imate bra

lines diameter, adnate by the broad base, often whitish

underneath, flat or the margins | more o r less recurved or revolute.

; @. DA lla rhachis. hirsute) R. Rr. Prod. 161; Hook. f. FL

Tasm. ii. 130 ; a eom, Labill. Sert. Austr. Caled. t. 11; Bedd.

Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 177; G. rupestris, (margins of segments recurved),

R. 2 Prod. LM.

Upper Victoria River, F. Mueller.

Queensiand Moreton Bay, F. Muel'er

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the "Blue Moun Brown, Woolls and

others ; Sok tard to Macleay River, Beckler ; Agree a Wilcoz ; southward

to Illawarra, Johnson.

ctoria. Fro

c; F. Mueller.

Tasmania. King's Island, R. Brown ; common in loose forest land, J. D. Hooker

m the Grampians, Sullivan, and Portland, Allitt, to Upper Gipps’

and others.

S. Australia, Mount Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller.

Also in New Zealand, New Caledonia and the Malayan Archipelago and

Peninsula,

698 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Gleichenia.

Hook. Filic. Bxot. t. 40 ; Kunze, Farrenkr. t 70 T. 2; Hook. f. Fl.

Tasm. ii. 131 ; F. "Muell. Fragm. v. 115.

Queensland Rockingham Bay, Dadlach, vi s ape ex Island, F. Mueller.

Wales. Port Jackson, MWoolls ; New England, Perrott ;

Mr River, Beckler ; Twofold Bey, Ju acl

Sas ^ From the Grampians to Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller and other:

nia, Labitlorditre ; Port Dalry i wes Derwent Riv er, R. Brow n; abun-

dant especially i in subalpine districts, J. D. Hooker.

G. alpina, = Br. Prod. 161, Hook. and Grev. ne Filic. t, 58, is a smaller and more

villous form from the summit of Mount Welling

The species is also in New Zealand, New Caledonia and the Malayan Archipelago

3. G. flabellata, R. Br. Prod. 161. mos Foetet zt

lines broad, glabrous or with a few scaly hairs under neath, the numerous

veinlets proceeding from the midrib forked, one fork bearing below the

summit a a superficial sorus of 2 us 5, usually 3 or 4, Mores -cases.— Hoo

Spec. Filie. 1. 6 ; Filie. Exot. t. 71; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filie. 12;

Hook. fil. Fl. Tasm. ii. 181; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 114.

Queensland, York Pe iiu bp Fiat Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ;

Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Muwe

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blu ue Mountains, R. Brown, A. tien n

sid others ; New England, C. Stuart ; Clarence River, Wilcox; Tweed R

Moore ; Illawarra, Johnson East

ictoria, From the Dandenong Range and Grampians, F. Mueller, to

r. Land, Walter.

Tasmania. Damp shady places, not very common, J. D, Hooker.

Var. tenera, a small alpine form.—G@. tenera, R. Br. Prod. 161.—Mount Wellington,

Tasmania, R. Brow kad, others.

The species is also in New Zealand and New Caledonia.

G oma, Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 12.— Fronds dichotomous.

Pinnules undivid ded, linear or itive tesrceviéte as in G. flabellata, but

near t se A sorus o 12 heen — Hook. and Bak.

Syn. Filie. 15; Bedd, os ^ Ird. t. 74; Polypodium ‘tichotomum,

Gleichenia.] CXLYII. FILICES. 699

Thunb.; Mertensia dichotoma, rr Sehkuhr, — ES 148;

Eee — * Br. Prod. 161; 'F. Muell. Frag . 114.

Pi Au a. Hunter's River, York Sound, A. dint: nines River,

F. Nadiri Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 187, 4

een sland Shoalwater Bay, R. B Da Daintree River, Fitzalan; Rock-

ingham p Daltachy ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, T "Mueller and others.

N. Port Jackson, Woolls, By

thes over ides tropical and subtro Mis. pigios of the New and the Old thems

R. Brown in transferring it from Polypodium to Gleichenia rejected Thunber

Em d

[e]

st other The n fer du

certainty that DEP ivea a right of priority in specific name

whatever may have been the genus under which they may have been first pantha.

11. TODEA, Willd.

‘Trunk or rhizome erect. Fronds compound. Spore-cases globular,

without any or only a a very obscure transverse ring, opening to the base

in 2 valves; clustered in sori on the under surface of the segments.

Ag of few species, dispersed over South Africa, the Malayan dures the

South Pacific Islands and New Zealand. Of the three AXitra fe species one is

ica and New Ze — another in New Guinea and the South

Pacific de the third is endem

Pinnules of Regu, entire or serrulate. Sori at

Sanath, EM es arg? dec the den pinnules cce. ho. Parbesa.

Pinnules of a membrano pellucid A POTN Sori of

few A — — pee to the midrib.

Pinnules ps cas s i ie ccce TU MPUNET

raat ye siete pinnatifid . rséuxiionr qe ee ep TUM

T. barbara, T. Moore; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 427.—

Trunk omi; attaining sometimes 5 ft. Fronds varying from under 2 ft.

to above 8 ft. lo ong, glabrous, twice pinnate. Primary pinne numerous,

om 3 or r in. to 1 ft. long. Pinnules numerous, ofa firm consistence,

narrow-lanceolate, 3 in. to 2 in. long, entire or more frequently —

upper ones decu rrent ard confluent at the base. Sori he

oblique simple or forked eileen usually covering the greater a of

the under surface of the lower pinnule es of the lower pinne, the rest of

the frond barren. "pore cases rather large.—Osmunda barbara, Thun K:

R. Br. Prod. 163; Todea er Peu Willd.; Hook. f. Fl. lm ii. 153,

t. 168; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 114.

Queensland. Rockingham jhe Dailachy ; Bowen, Woolls ; Moreton Bay, W.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Fraser, A.

ee: New England, C. Stuart ; Clarence Rieti Wil; Illawarra,

ict

edi: pres à Yorktown rivulet, scarce elsewhere, Gunn ;

Recherche Bay, Oldfield.

Also in South Africa and New Zealand.

700 CXLVIL. FILICES. ( Todea.

2. T. Fraseri, Hook. and Grev. Ic. Filic. t. 101.—Trunk or rhizome

thi = and erect. Fronds 1 to t. long, twice pinnate. Pinnu

lanceolate, dark green and of a thin membranous doni like that of

Trichomanes, l to 1 in. long, deeply serrate. Spore-cases small and few,

atthe base of the midrib and of a few of the lateral veins of the lower

pinnules.— Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 427.

N. S. Wal Deep gullies of the Blue Mountains, rare, Bougainville Cataracts,

Fraser, near Wilson’ s, Woolls ; Currajong, Hillyard.

Also in New Guinea and the South Pacific Islands.

me v

1j p high, n. diameter. ronds often 4 ft. long, bios pinnate.

Pule M sons of the thin membranous consistence of D. Fraseri,

deeply demens with linear-oblong segments dentieulate at the end.

Spore-cases as in D. Fraseri few an

N.S. Wales. Lord Howe'sIsland, Mount Gower, C. Moore, Fitzgerald.

Tar» HvwENoeHYLLEX. — Fronds of a thin membranous

Kermit us half pellucid, m a iag rhizome and often small.

pore-cases depressed, with a verse ring, sessile or nearly so on a

columnar receptacle arising ue ‘the base of a cup-shaped or deeply

2-valved indusium, embedded in or protruding from the margins of the

fronds, and of a consistence nearly similar.

12. TRICHOMANES, Linn.

Rhizome creeping, slender as in Hymenophyllum or short and rather

thick. Fronds usually small, of a delicate membranous ma? pellucid

texture, entire or variously divided aud merved. ori erminal or

frond or protruding from it, with a narrow nea sso border

entire or nearly so. Re pman linear, usually exserted. Spore-cases

sessile at or near its base

A large genus, with the wide geographical range of H; Hino any | to which it is

closely allied, differing only m ‘the shape of the indusiu Of the n Australian

species none are endemic, one being fo soin ^ V Dich, okt iren more OF

less over the Indian Arc ree Par diuo. the Mascarene an. sind “South Pacific Islands, and two

erally distributed over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World.

Fronds small, undivided or aang di lobed,

Fronds sessile, orbicular, peltate, } to 1 in, diam . 1, T. peltatum.

Fronds oblong or lin en saa te, entire or SEE 2- “obed,

under å in. long Aii 2. T. vitiense.

Fronds chiles 84 3 to4 lines diameter palmatifid is 3. T. parvuium.

Fronds deeply divided into 3 to 6 linear denticulate lobes,

to near 1 in. 4, T. digitatum.

Fronds xd divi ‘with toothed or shortly lobed

segments; veins pinnate or forked,

Lrichomanes. | CXLVII. FILICES. 701

F see E to 4 in.) pinnate, with few thin Mast rasa

es toothed or shortly lobed near ie hee . ő. T. venosum,

Fronds ( YT M 4in.) pinnate with numerous |

o bos 6. T. javanicum.

Fronds (3 ‘to 5 in.) ‘bipinnate with as thick pinnatitid

ules and linear toothed se 7. T. rigidum.

Fronds twice or thrice pinnately div ied c or d,

e ultimate lobes linear thin 1-nerved, Sori

Fronds (1 to 2 in.) pinnate, with ovate scarica or posts

8. T. pyxidiferwn.

Fronds (3 to 8 in.) pinnate, m narrow ' bipinnatifid

innul

pinnules aare tapering to int . 9. T. caudatum.

Fronds (4 to 8 in.) ani ar with bipinnatisad pinnules.

Ultimate opos linear. Indus ove 4 line long and

road with a xd 2-lobed dd 10. T, apiifolium.

ore lobes setaceous. Indusia under i line long,

rith a small entire border . 11. T. parviflorum.

T. peltatum, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 836, t. 8, C. ; Syn.

ss 73.—Rhizome filiform. Fronds sessile, orbicular, n Mele od di

or near the centre, overlapping each other and closely appressed, about

3 in. diameter in our Australian specimens, nearly 1 in. in others

entire or shortly and broadly lobed. Veins numerous, thoi or forked.

radiating from the a or one principal one slightly pinnate. Sori

few. Indusia with an oblon g tube more or less embedded in the

xad the bord: prin obscurely 2-lobed. Receptacle not

exs :

Queensland. Trinity Bay, Bailey.

Also in the islands of the South Pacific,

2. T. vitiense, Baker in Journ. Linn. Soc. ix. 338, t. 8, D.; Syn. Filic.

74.—Rhizome filiform. Fronds shortly stipitate, oblonz or linear-

cuneate, entire or rarely 2-lobed, 1-nerved, 3 to 5 lines long. Sorus

single, terminal. Indusium with an oblong tube aheddoki in the margin

or scarcely exserted, the border narrow, shortly spreading, entire.

Receptacle shortly exserted.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 32.

Queensland. Brisbane River, Bailey.

Also in the Fiji Islands.

T. parvulum, Poir.; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 118; Syn. Filie. 75.—

E filiform, tomai ba or glabrous. Fronds shortly stipitate, ovate-

cuneate orbicular or almost re niform ,9 to 4 lines diameter, unequally

palmatifid, the de eeper lobes reaching below wie — all obtuse or

emarginate. Sori terminal. Indusium with an oblong tube almost

entirely embedded in the margin, with a very p lightly spreading

border. Receptacle included or shortly cxserted.—Bail. Queensl.

Ferns, 60.

d. Rocks near Brisbane, Bailey.

Also in the Mascarene Islands, the Malayan Archipelago, East tropical Asia and

the South Pacific Islands.

702 CXLYII. FILICES. ( Trichomanes.

T. digitatum, Swartz; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 119 ; Syn. Filic.

76. —Rhizome filiform. Fronds on a rather long cpl stipes, ¿toi

in. long, deeply and unequally divided into 3 to | oadly linear obtuse

entire or notche obes, bordered by a few aba. teeth. — Indusia

broader than in most species, but — in the vem a the lobes,

with a very short yen entire border.——T. lanceum, ook. and

Grev. Ic. Filic. t rit M XT RUN Y. de Bosch in "Hook. and Bak.

Syn. Filic. 77.

N.S. Wales, Vicary; Illawarra, C. Moore.

a hig over the Mascarene Islands, the Malayan Archipelago and the South

Pacific Islands,

aes gt os

on a filiform stipes: of : a EE RET texture, 2 to 4 an orm rarely

longer, pinnate. — Pinnules linear or lanceolate, mostly 4 to 1 in. long,

toothed or with a few short unequal lobes near the base, in veinlets of

each opine pinnate, with simple or forked branches, the midrib

flexuose. Indusium embedded in a short lobe near the base of the

pinnule on the inner side, oblong, with a short spreading entire border.

Receptacle usually exserted.— Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 132; Syn. Filie. 82 ;

Hook. and Grey. Ic. Filic. t. 78; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 135; F. Muell.

P y. ID

N. S. Wales. Port Setieonr R. Brown, A. Cunningham, Woolls; Clarence

River, Wilcox ; Cape Howe, Wi

ictoria. "Dande enong decns iml of the Yarra, F. Mueller.

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown ; abundant, clothing the trunks of tree-

ferns, etc., J. D. Hooker

Also in H aalit

6. T, javanicum, Blume. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 180 ; Syn. Filie.

83 ; Gard. cm ti m — Fronds laneeolate in outline, nf ics faleate,

3 to 4 in. long, pinnate. Pinnules numerous, crowded along the

rhachis, lanceolate- faleate, shortly stipitate, about z in. long, o

thicker consistence and darker coloured than most species, penniveined,

the oblique simple or forked veinlets mostly produced into short

Mta ccepe teeth ond the margin. Indusia few, along the inner

ma elow the middle, wholly exserted, an w-oblong, with a small

spr ee ee border. Receptacle merted: —Hook. and Grev. Ie. Filic.

t. 240; - edd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t

Bate Daintree River, ON

Also in the Malayan Archipelago

outline, 3 to 5 in. €— 13 to 3 in. broad at the base, dark and almost

coriaceous, bipinnate, with deeply pinnatád lanceolate pinnules an

linear dentate segments, the pri mary and secondary rhachis winged on

towards the end. Indusia partially embedded in the lower inner teeth

Trichomanes. | CXLVII. FILICES. 703

or lobes of tie tertiary segments, or sometimes wholly free without

any winged margins, narrow, with a sma a entire

peepee exserted. — Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. ; F. Muell. Fragm.

en sland. York Peninsula, Hahn’s Expedition, N. Taylor; Rockingham

Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ; x Bay and Islands off the Coast, Bailey; Daintree

"S Bitialun ) ; Bowen

: S. Wal Main d Fitzgerald.

Very widely spread over the tropical regions of the New and Old World,

8. T. pyxidiferum, L;i»».; Hook. Spec. Filie. i. hus Syn. Filic.

81. —Fronds i in the pree specimens 1 to 2 i long, ovate or

oblong in proni pinnate. Pinnules ovate, doéplj pinnatifid or

bipimnatifid, t lower ones usually Mt the egre ones eonneeted

Que ensland. York Pulli N. Taylor ; Bellenden Ker eee Rockies

Bay, Dallach, y.

Widely spread over the tropical regions ofthe New and the Old World,

. datum, Brackenr. Ferns U. S. Expl. Exped. 256, t. 36,

f. aane creeping, rigid, rather stout. Fronds narrow, thin,

3 to 8 i long, pinnate with pinnatifid pinnæ or bipinnate with

pinnatifid pinnules, the ultimate segments linear, 1-nerved, the upper

confluent ones short and rather distant, giving the pinnu ules an acuminate

aspect. Indusia half immersed i e short lower inner lobes of the

pinnules or segments, shortly sines with: a narrow spreading border.

Receptacle usually exserted.

N. S. Wal Cape Byron, Port quarrie, New England and Illawarra,

rief Tweed River, Guilfoyle ; Mais River, gis p Kurrajong, Mrs.

Also in the South Pacific Islands, and closely allied to the tropical American T.

tern ‘Sw. (T. angustatum, Carm.) to which it is referred by F. Muell. Fragm.

ee Se and knotty. Winds to 8 in ciet broadly iatis

lanceolate in outline, bipinnate with deeply ‘bipinnatifid pinnules.

meld aged l to s in., Maire secs about iin. long; segments very

r Spreaung

Often rather broad approaching that of a | Hymonop hatte _ Stipes

Short or long, DAC at the base with db rae bristles.— T. meifolium,

Bory ; Hook. Spre. Filic. i. 137 ; Syn. Filic. ed. 1, 86; T. polyanthos,

Hook. 1o. PI. t /09

704 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Prichomanes.

. S. Wales. New England, C. Roark Richmond River, Mrs, Hodgkinson ;

Lord Howes s Island, €. Moore, Fullaga

Also in the Malayan Archipelago and South Pacific Islands.

11. arviflorum, Poir. Dict. viii. —Rhizome ereeping,

rather niu Fronds broadly lanceolate d RUTAS 3 to 5 in, long,

bipinnate with deeply pinnatifid or pinn e piun nules the segments

divided into 2 or 3 almost setaceous ke giving the whole frond a

n like aspect. Indusia the smallest in the genus, not 3 line long,

n little recurved stipes near a base of the pinnules, turbinate, with

a i ateste spreading border.—Z. fwnieulacewm, Bory; Hook. Spec.

Filic. i. 135, Syn. Filic. 88.

AS Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ; York Peninsula, N. Taylor.

Also in the Masca — a = ius Malayan adipe a Poiret's plant was

identified im Mettenius inal specimen, and his name substituted for

Bory’s by Kuhn, Filic. Abie,

13. HYMENOPHYLLUM, Sm.

usually small, erect, of a delicate membranous half-pellucid Miu

variously divided, the lobes usually linear 1-nerved. Sori terminal or

lateral

Indusium of the texture of the frond and continuous with it ,

ore or less eup-shaped at the base, and immerse e margin of

the , the exserted portion deeply divided into 2 broad lobes or

valves. Receptacle oblong or linear, shorter than the indusium or

A large genus, generally dispersed over most tropical and d d x the

globe, Spec ially in in America. In the northern hemisphere limited to Am and

the western parts of the Old World, always frequenti ng shady Mitoaiicgs F with a

moist atmosphere. Of the eight Australian species one is very gen nerally sp read both

inthe New and the Old World, one extends from East India to New Zealand, one is

m es = oe in the New and Old World, three are in New Zealand and

eg Islands, two only are induk, and of these one is scarcely

specifically di

Lobes of the fronds bordered by a nerve-like margin . . 1. H. marginatum.

Lobes of the used — Ned nor toothed.

tipes acpi beg ed.

Frond si oes get with 2- to 5-lobed pay . 2. H. rarum.

Frond bipinnate, with pinnatifid pinnules . . 9. H. flabellatum.

tipes n 4. H. Javanicum.

Lobes of the fronds minutely often sparsely. , 8e errulate.

Fronds ovate or , under lin. long, Sori terminal,

Fronds } to 4 in. with few entire or bifid lobes . . 5. H. minimum.

Fronds to 1 x. with several divided lobes 6. H. pumilum.

Fronds usually 2 in. long or more. Sori lateral near the

base of pinn à

Fronds pinnate, with divided pinnues . . . . . 7. H. tunbridgense.

Fronds thrice pinnate or pinnatifid . . . . . . 8. H. multifidum.

Hymenophyllum.] CXLVII. FILICES. 705

IH. natum, Hook. and Grev. Ic. Filic. t. 84;—T ronds on

à short filiform cian "to 1 in. long, linear and entire or once or twicé

forked, with a central nerve and nervelike margins not toothed. Sori

solitary and terminal. Indusium about 3 line long and broad, divided

CK ly Dr the base into obovoid-orbicular valyes.--Hook. and Bak. Syn.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson or vicinity, Fraser, Bynoe.

the lowest segments separated y a filiform rhachis ; lobes ep

l-erved, not toothed. Sori terminal Indusium as "broa as the

segment, nearly 1 line diameter, divided. to the middle or rather lower

into broad rounded valves.—Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 58; Hook. f.

Fl. Sud ii. 134; H. semibivalve, Hook. and Grev. Ic. Filic. t. 83; A.

Gunnii, V.D. Bose: in Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 463.

CHAR Sealer's Cove, F. Mueller

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. oca d I ers in damp forests often clothing

trunks of Dicksonia, J. D. Hooker and othe

Also in New Zealand, South Africa, and pele South America.

3. H. flabellatum, Zabill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 101, t. 250.— Fronds

ovate or laneeolate in outline, sometimes broad an nd under 2 in

Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 111; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 61; Hook. £ FL

Tasm. ii. 134; H. nitens, R. Br. Prod. 159; Hook. and Grev..

Filic. t. 197.

Wales. e Mountains, Vicary; New England, C. Moore ; Richmond

Riven 3 Irs. fos Bir Lord Howe's Island, p X el

andenong R. , Sealer's Cove, Apollo Bay, ue

ut M. s abusi t in damp forests, J. D. Hooker

pe asmania, Doran River, R. Brown;

and others.

Also in New Zealand.

pinnatifid, the paler stage and the narrow petas. Pasi ped

tipes; segments and lobes near cutn obtuse, not denta

9n short e ral lobe Indusium ovate, about à line aa divid

VOL.

706 CXLVII. FILICES. | Hymenophyllum.

nearly to the base into entire valves.— H. JobeHatom, R. Br. Prod. 159,

not of Labill.; H. erispatum, Wall.; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm, ii. 134;

demissum, F. Mu ell. Fragm. v. 116, not of Swartz.

T x Bellenden Ker Range, W. Hill; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

WVales. Blue Mountains, Mr 3; Caloive:

Victorte, Sealer's Cove, F. Mueller ; Apollo Bay, Wilhelmi.

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown; abundant in damp woods, J. D. Hooker

Also in East India, the Malayan Archipelago and New Zealand.

. minimum, 4. Rich. ue Nouv. Zel. 91. t. 14, f. 9. —Fronds

ona short filiform stipes, ovate in outline, 1 to 4 in. long, deeply divided

into 5 to 8 simple or bifid moss slightly dentieulate. Sori usually

one only to each frond, terminating the main axis. Indusium nenti

1 line broad, deeply divided n 2 ceci denticulate open valves

Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fil. 4

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's ae summit of Mount Lingbird, Fullagar. Also

in New Zealand.

6. H. pumilum Ad Poem in Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. vec

Closely allied to H. minimum and possible a large variety. Rhizo

filiform, forming fend "dendo matted patches like H. rubra fi

Fron te or rhomboidal in outline, 3 2 to 1 in. long and nearly as

broad, deeply pinnatifid, the pinne close together, deeply lobed,

the lobes few, broadly linear, with more fr ae Be maculae margins.

Sori few, terminating short lobes xis. Indusium

about 1 line diameter, deeply divided "d bands or rarely eutire

valves.

N. S. W. Mount Tomah, €. Moo Lord Howe’s Island, Moore

Fullagar. “These L Lord Howe's Island specimens were from insufficient nterials

described as distinct under the name of C. Moo i, Baken 5 c., but further specimens

have shown that the supposed distinctions are a con

7. H. tunbridgense, te Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 99, Ferns,

t. 43, Syn. Filic. 67. —Rhizome filiform, much branched, em dado

fronds, forming broad ddl: cipe almost mosslike patches ronds

in. ; the pinne = divided into 3 to 8 linear io minutely

dentin lates on the mar, Sori sessile or on a very short lobe, solitary

at the base of the pinne on their upper margin. Indusium ovate or

orbicular, about 1 line diameter, divided to 5 below the middle into

more or less denticulate valves.—R. Br. Prod. 159 ; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.

ii. 153; F. Muell Fragm. v. 116; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 265; Æ

eupressiforme, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 102, t. 250.

Mount Lindsey, W. ix

S. Wales. Port Jackson to th E “Blue Mountains, eno. Woolls

de" New England, C. Stuart ; Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moor

Hymenophyllum d CXLYII. FILICES. 707

Patan, ati and Buffalo Ranges, Apollo Bay, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller ;

nia. Derwent River, R. Brown ; abundant in shady places, J. D, Hooker

wg akes. zie

Widely spread over most AEN and cooler I of the globe, in the Old

World portion of the northern h western plant,

8. H. multifidum, Swartz; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 98; Syn. Filic. 69.

—Fronds on a filiform stipes, ovate or rhomboidal in outline, thrice

pinnatifid, 2 to 4 in. long, the upper segments confluent with the winged

rhachis, the lower pinne distinct; lobes linear, bordered by minute

teeth. idt mostly near the base of the primary or secondary pinne

on their er margin as in H. tunbridgense, from which this species

differs chiefly | in the much more compound fronds, and in the valves of

the us which are Mri quite entire or obseurely toothed.— .

Hook. and Grev. Ic. Filie. t. 167.

S. Wales. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore. Also in New Zealand and in the

South Pacific Islands.

Triger V. Cyarnræ.—Trunk arborescent, at least in the Australian

species. Fronds large, circinate in vernation, twice or thrice pinnate.

Spore-cases numerous, small, with a more or less eique ring, in

globular sori on the under surface of the segments or pinnules

14. CYATHEA, Sm.

Tree ferns, with large twice or thrice pinnate or in species not

Mesi simple fronds, the transverse veinlets ofthe pinnules or

segments forked or divided, bearing a i ,

the sori arranged in a single row on each side of the mi rib.

niim erous, inate or nearly so on a shortly rai

a vertical or oblique ring.

A largo tropical or subtropical genus common to the New and the Old World.

ee cd tegen entire or slightly pera mes Sori in

each side of the

Tala large niii -persistent, bu the spore-

Rhachis and pinnules glabrous or nearly so 1. C. Lindseyana.

Rhachis and under surface of the pinnules cottony oi or i

WOOLEY) GET TAA Sarees ie how C. arachnoidea,

i iduous leaving only a ring. ` Rhachis ; M

gth glabrous . . . 3. C. Macarthurii.

Pinnz 4to6 in. long. Pinnules linear, 6 to 9 lines long . medulli

Pinna 1 to 14 in. long. Pinnules 3 to 4 lines es long . . (Cà

708, CXLVII. FILICES. [ Cyathea.

1. C. Lindseyana, Hook. Syn. Filie. 25.—“ Trunk 10 to 12 ft.

high, 12 inches in circumference.” Rhachis of the fronds in our

specimens quite glabrous. Secondary pinnz 3 to 4 in. long. Pinnules

much broader than in C. medullaris, the lower ones about 2 i in. long

glabrous or with a few scaly hairs on the midrib, serrulate but not

lobed. Soriin a double row very near the midrib and distant from the

margin. Indusium long-persistent, opening irregularly at the apex.

Queensland. Mount Lindsey, W. Hill.

arachnoidea, Hook. Syn. Filic. 24.-— Trunk: a Es

under side of the segments with a close whitish or ferruginous

tomentum. Se ary pinne 3 to 5 in. long. Pinnules or segments

puttion with recurved renei margins. Sori in a single row on each

side of the midrib but occupying Sar) the whole breadth. Indusia

pereunt globular, bursting irregularly at the apex. —F. Muell.

Fragm. vi. 200.

.Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. Also in the Moluccas, Dallac

specimens are not in fruit, but are otherwise precisely similar to the Molucca she

from which the above character i is taken.

. C. Macarthurii, F. Muell. Herb.—Trunk 10 to 12 ft. high.

Fronds thrice pinnate, the rhachis densely covered with a whitish

disappeared. Secondary pinnz 3 to 4 in. long. Lower pinnules quite.

distinet though attached by a broad bas 3 to 5 lines long, minutely

serrate-crenulate, the upper ones gradually smaller and confluent, the

ges ending in a long dentate point. Sori rather small, on the short

ateral branches of scarcely prominent forked veinlets, forming à TOW

on each side of the central veins. Indusium complete and globular

when young, but soon breaking up, leaving a perfect ring under the

sorus or more frequ uently entirely falling away.— He mitelia Macarthur»,

F. Muell. een. viii. 176; Cyathea “Moorei, Hook. and Bak. Syn.

` Filic. 453.

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore, Lind and Fullagar.

4. C. me dullaris, Swartz ; ; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 26, Gard. Ferns, t.

25.— Trunk attai 40 to 50 ft. densely covered with ma atted

fibres in the lower part, marked higher up with the scars of fallen fronds

and muricate at the top with the bases of old fronds. Fronds 10 to 20 ft.

long, the rhachis and primary branches sprinkled with small tubercles.

inne 4 to 6 in. long, with numerous pinnules, the lower

ones confluent into a pinnatifid point. Sori one to each lobe

of D pinnule and occupying the greater part of its length. Indusium

Cyathea.] CXLYIT. FILICES. 709

broad and short under the sorus, irregularly lobed.--Hook. and Bak.

Syn. Filie. 25 ; Schkuhr, Filic. t. 133; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 116.

N. S. Wales. Richmond River, Wovlls. :

Victoria. Cape Otway, Wilkinson, Marriner.

Tasmania. Near Circular Head, Gunn, S. B. Emmett.

Alsoin New Zealand, the Malayan Archipelago and South Pacific Islands.

5. C. brevipinna, Baker.—A single specimen of what appears to

be the greater part of a frond, 1i ft. long. Rhachis thick, scaly-

hispid. Primary pinne about 6 in. long and 3 in. broad; secondary

pine 1 to 1} in. long ; pinnules 3 to 4 lines long, rather broad, entire

or slightly lobed in the fraiting part. Sori large and one to each lobe

as = C. medullaris, of which however this can scarcely be a variety

only,

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, Lind and Fullagar.

15, HEMITELIA, Br.

Tree ferns, with the habit and principal characters of Cyathea and

Alsophila. Sori in the typical American species towards the end of

the venules and on all or most of their branehes, but in the Australian

one and a few others near the base of one fork as in Cyathea. Indusium

when open half eup-shaped or semicircular, interrupted on the upper

side and often very deciduous.

A tropical or subtropical genus, the typical species all American, the Australian

one apparently endemic, but allied to species both in the New and the Old World.

side of the midrib, one o posite each lobe as in Cyathea, but the

indusium when open dimidiate, being quite or almost interrupted on

the upper side.

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore and others.

H. Godefroyi, Luerss. in Journ. Mus, Godefr. vi. 4, from Brisbane River, Amalia

Dietrich, is unknown to us, nor is it known whether it is arborescent or not. It is

scribed from a single frond, which was at first believed to be that of an Aspidium,

till it was ascertained that the spore-cases were those of a Cyathea, with a very small

Semicircular indusium concealed under the sorus.

16, ALSOPHILA, R. Br.

Tree ferns, with large twice or thrice pinnate fronds, the transverse

veinlets of the pinnules or segments forked or divided, bearing a soris

91 one or more of their branches. Sori globular, without any indusium,

710 CXLYII. FILICES. [Alsophila.

but the small scales scattered on the veins occasionally subtending the

Spore-cases numerous, sessile or nearly so, usually more or less

intermixed with hairs on a slightly raised receptacle; each with a

vertical or oblique ring.

arge tropical and rane! genus in the New and the Old World, differing

ka Cyathea only in of an indusium. Of a five Australian species one i8

also in Norfolk Vaid, t deat un appéar to be endem

Secondary pier undivided, entire or crenate-serrate 1. A. Rebecca.

Secondary pinns deeply pinnatifid, the segments all

confluent at the base, ovate and pe 2. A. Loddigesii.

Secondary | pinne pinnate at the base, the lower pi innules

distinct, the VIE ones confluent, all entire serrulate

ate.

or slightly cr

innules or se aed entire or deseri y crenate,

serrulate only when barren o 5 birie end 3. A. australis.

Lupe fano very neat, nad; pede with

sori 4. A. Leichhardtiana.

Secondary vis pinnate, the pinnules almost all distinc t

ow and pinnatifid, hispid as wellastherhachis 6. A. Robertsiana.

1. A. Rebecesm, F. Muel. Fragm. v. 117.—Trunk slender,

described by some as 6 ft. high and 1 in. eren by others as twice

that height and diameter. Hsec pinnze dark and: shining, un-

divided, lanceolate, 2 to 3 in. long, 4 to 5 lines broad or rather more

when barren, acuminate, crenate or obtusely serrate, obliquely truncate

at the base but not adnate to the rhachis. Transverse veinlets with 3

7 branches. Sori rather large, on 2 to 4 of the branches, forming

about 2 irregular rows on -— ee of the ‘midrib. —Hook. and Bak.

Syn. Filic. 40; Hook. Ic. Pl. t

Queensland. Rockingham b Dallachy, W. Hill ; Port Denison and Daintree

River, Fitzalan ; x Cape York Peninsula, W. Hahn's Ex pedition.

Syn. l aired ap Dd shorter than i in d ae ie y

rhachis slightly tomentose or über ulate, but soon glabrous and

econdary pi to 3 in. long, lanceolate, deeply pinnam

the segments all eonfluent at the ie. more ovate than in 4. australis,

3 to 4 lines long, 2 to 21 lines broad, obtuse or almost acute, epupe i ,

transverse veinlets entire or once forked. Sori father small, 1 to 4 o

each side ofthe midrib of each segment.

cumin ee Oups = €. Moore, the specimens perfectly agreeing with à

lin nceolate scales mixed with setaceous ones (0

with only the one or the other?), the main rhachis and sometimes the

Alsophila.] OXLVII. FILICES. 711

ntire or

obscurely crenate, the barren ones and the barren end of the unes

ones often serrulate. Transverse veinlets usually once forked when sori

ferous, often with 3 or 4 branches when barren. Sori in 2 rows

Sometimes extending to the apex and as many as 8 on each side of the

midrib, often fewer extending half way or reduced to very few at the

base of the ont —Hook. “Sp. Filie. i. 50; Hook. and Bak. Syn.

F. Muell. Fragm. v. 116; Sieb. Syn. Filic. n. 122, Fl. Mist.

n. 241; Hook. p Fl. Tasm. ii. 132 ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 52; A.

coe Br. in Endl. Prod. Fl. Norf. 16; Hook. Spec. Filie. i. 49, t

18, A tes Muell. Fragm. viii. 178; A. Cooperi, Hook. and Bak. Syn.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy, W. Hill; Port Dem and Daintree

River, M: irs Queensland, Hartman ; Mount t Lin pe d F :

N. S. ale Port Jackson, &. Brown; frequent 1 Rte ravines and

permanently da: ait woods in the immediate coast line, Port E ackson, Illawarra, pue.

A, tet Hnc Woolls and others; New aa CQ. Stuart ; me stings and

Clarence Rivers, Beckler, C. Moore ; Richm ond River, Mrs. Hodgkins

Victori Dandenong Ranges and Sealor's Cove, F. pues pem Otway,

van

Ta King’s Island, R. Brown; not rare in shady forests, J. D. Hooker

and oth

Iti i a that the study of living —— in D native stations may show

char. rs for distinguishing more tha one species, but as far as known the

In the typical A. australis, chiefly from N. S. Wales and Tasmania, but

So among Queensland and Norfolk Island — the ultimate pinnules are

rather acute barre d serrulate at the end, the sori not reaching beyond the

mi -

obse 30 t reci:

counterpart of Brown’s from King’s Island. The Queensland specimens which gave

nise to the 4. Cooperi are generally intermediate between the two, more uently

approaching the A from M

Lindsey and Now England, with the “recurved mar ‘gins rather more distin

crenate, are said to have the stems slender retaining the bases of the fronds aly ae

the to hese may possibly m referrible to Rt ley seesi ‘Very few pay tg

ve sent the base of thefronds. ‘These are sometimes covered wi

long or more, sometimes with enacts weak scale at y and in one case wit

two intermixed.

Var? migresens, “Stem 10 to 12 ft. high, black and prickly, produci

adventitious buds and fronds from the bottom pr top. Fronds large dinis à

heavy.” —Lor Howe's s Island, C. Moore. re is oly a single portion of a

frond in Herb. F. Mueller, which shows no Mice ter to distinguish it from

A. australis.

F. Muell Fragm. v. 58, 117. — Very

4. A. Le

nearly allied to A. australis and not easy to distinguish from some of its

forms. Trunk generally but not always eseribed » more meron

712 CXLVII. FILICES. [Alsophila.

serrate. Sori small, in very distinct series close to the midrib. Base

of the stipes (in the very few specimens seen) covered with long

brown setaceous hairs without the fla Penes scales of A. australis.—

Mok: and Bak. Syn. Filic. ed. 2, 40; 4. Macarthurii, Hook. l.e.

aeea N ear oe C. Moore

= al ackson and Blue "Mountains, Woolls; New England,

"Cla ,Hasting gs and Ma ae Rivers, Beckler; Tweed River,

Guitoy in lavant ” Shephe

A. Woollsiana, F. Muell. Fragm. viii, 179, from Rockingham Bay, meee only

differs in the dense woolly tomentum of the rhachis which is more or less o vable

1n some other specimens. A. Moorei, J. Sm. Enum. Cult. Ferns, 243, is Pe the

synonym given and the specimens grown at Kew the typical A. Leichhardtiana,

although the daps 1 is quite at variance.

9. A. Robertsiana, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 54, 117. —Trunk 6 to 8

ft. high, 2 to 4 in. diameter. Fronds bipinnate, the rhachis both

general and partial as well as the pinnules themselves and sori hispid or

sprinkled with rigid hairs. Secondary pinne 2 to 3 in. long. Pinnules

distinct, 4 to 6 lines long, deeply pinnatifid, the upper ones of each

pinna sila an more entire and confluent. Sori rather large, solitary

opposite each lobe of the pinnule.— Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 459.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Bellenden Ker Range, W. Hill.

TnrsE VI. Potyrpopir#.—Habit various. — Spore-cases small, with a

Bagitadinal or scarcely oblique ring, usually bursting on one side in

the shape of little Pele, numerous and stipitate in sori or patches

on the under saute or rarely on the MAS of the fronds, with or

without an indusiùr

Lt P TONTA; L’ Her.

: The c us extends over the tro SE and subtropical regions of the New and the

Old Wo a Of the three to pe apre one eris nds s o New Zealand another

only to Norfolk Island, the third appears to be quite end

Mies on the — lobes of the pinnules, which are closely

to and form the _ part of the upper valve

of the indusium. Tree f

Indusium about 4 line deter Roue 9L L5. 5] 2. aiarctes-

ine di ter. D. Youngie.

sinus or at the inner base ‘a the lobes of the :

pinnules. Indusiumcup-shaped. Rhizome creeping. 3. D. davallioides.

Ln D. antarctica, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 100,

arborescent, attaimig 30 to 50 ft, covered with pre rootlets

Dicksonia.] CXLVII. FILICES. 713

giving it sometimes a diameter of 4 ft." Fronds 6 to 12 ft. long, twice

r thrice pinnate, the stipes smooth or with setaceous scales, the

akis glabrous minutely scabrous or softly hairy w young.

: oy p æ 2 to 3 in. long. Pinnules or segments distinct or the

upper ones ceo nearly flat and acutely toothed when barren,

thicker and okan ely lobed when fertile. Sori MARE on each lobe.

Indusium globular, about 4 line diameter, 2-valved, the upper valve

adnate to the lobe of the frond and se era NS from it sig

near the base where there is on each side a narrow free margin.

Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 66, Syn. Filic. 50; us Br. Prod. 157; Hook. X

Fl. Tasm. ii. 132; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 117, LI

Queensland. Toowomba, Hartmann ; Mount Lindsey, W. Hill.

0€ ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Woolls and others;

northward to Hastings, Clarence and Macleay Rivers, Ae sem, C. Moore ; southward

to Mlawarra, Shepherd and others; Twofold Bay, L. Ji

ictoria. Mouth of the Glenelg, ceni j Tiki dug Sullivan; Dandenong,

Buffalo Range, Upper Hume River, F. Mi

Tasmania. Abundantin damp, ideare subalpine forests, J. D, Hooker.

S. Australia. Mount Gambier, F. Mueller; Lofty Range, Ho yne.

Also in New Zealand.

2. D. Youngiz, C. Moore in Bak. Syn. Filie. 461.—Trunk “10

to 12 ft. Ligh, 4 in. diameter, marked by the bases of old fronds”

(C. Moore), * 30 ft high, and 7 ireumference," probably ineluding

the bases of fronds (W. Hill) Fronds m iaceous and glos

nin D. antarctica. Stipes covered with glossy bee hair ; rhachis

ferruginous-pubescent or glabrous, not scabro pinne 2 to

econ

8in. long. Pinnules 3 to 6 lines long when fertile, ny divided into

rounded lobes like those of D. n but larger. Indusium 1 line

diameter, the upper valve entirely adnat

gend Bellenden Ker Range, W. Hi

es. Richmond River, C. Feier Tweed River, Guilfoyle; New

England, C. Stuart

Appears to be quite distinct from the Nee Zealand D. squarrosa, Sw., to which it

is referred by F. Mueller, Fragm. vi. 200

D. davallioides, R. Br. Prod. 158. — Rhizome creeping.

Preaie erect, 2 to 5 ft. high, the dee straight or xke bets

and shining. Secondary aes 8 to 4 in. long. Tous,

mL 1i to : in. long, mem sge pe the Leet ibi on the

t fr

Syn. Filie. 54; D. er Métten. Filic. Hort. TES B t. 28;

Sar Wales. | Riv: R. Brown; Blue Mountains, Wool/s and

; Hastings River Ee Macleay and Clarence Rivers, C. Moore ; damp

shady woods, Illawarra district, 4. Cunningham.

714 OXLVII. FILICES. [Dicksonia

Victoria. Cape Otway Ranges, F. Mueller.

Also in Norfolk Island. Referred by F. Muell. Fragm 118, as a variety to

Davallia flaccida (D. spelunce), eed Ni the attachment Et form of the indusium

appear to me distinctl to separat

18. DEPARIA, Hook. and Grey.

Rhizome creeping. Fronds large, compound, Sori globular, termi-

nating a vein, protruding from the margin of the frond and sometimes

stipitate beyond it. Indusium membranous, shortly and broadly cup-

shaped or 2-valved.

e genus is sparingly a e over the Pacific islands and South America.

of the two following species one is endemic, the other is a Sandwich Island plant

perha ps not really yum ian.

Fronds simply pinnate held long g pinnatified pinnules . olifera,

Fronds twice or thrice pinn PUSS ele has s nip hrodiolien

D. potis Hook. Spec. Filie. i. 85, Syn. Filic. 55, Filic. Exot.

t. 82.—Fronds 2 to 3 ft. long, simply pinnate. Lower pinne 6 in

to 1 ft. long deeply "pinnatitid + segments ovate or oblong, somewhat

faleate, 4 ei z in. long, all connected by a winged rhachis 2 to 3 lines

broad. Sori marginal but sessile.— D. Macri, Hook. snd Grev. Ic.

Filic. t. 154 ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 117.

N. S. Wal A single specimen in herb. F. Mueller with the label atia

Hoan the uel name. The species is otherwise endemic in the San

nephrodioides, Baker in Gardn. Chron. 1872, 253, Syn.

Yo: 463.— Fronds 2 to3 ft. high, rather firm and shining, twice 0

thrice pinnate. Sec condary pinnee 2 to 3 in. long, pinnate or deeply

pinnatifid ; lower pinnules pinnatifid, 1 to 1 in. ong, upper ones

gradually smaller confluent and toothed only. Sori marginal and pro-

minent but sessile, globose. Indusium very shortly and broadly divided

into 2 valves partly formed by a slight dilatation or obtuse tooth of

the frond.—Davallia nephrodioides, F. Muell. vin: eek

N. S. Wales rd Howe's Island, Mount Lingb Moore, Lind and

nn 2 — to be a true Deparia and much more e allied to Dick-

19. DAVALLIA, Sm.

Rhizome creeping, often at covered with soft scales or setz.

oe compound, often larg rely in spe cies ustralian mae

divided, Sori globular or reality t elongated, terminating veins clos

Davallia. | CXLYII. FILICES, 715

under or ata little distance from the margin. Indusium from under

the sorus either with the m aed adnate to the pe and forming with

it a complete c enclosing the sorus, or att ached only by its

broad = and either covering the sorus, or ee rt and open

under

The genus is widely spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the Old

World ending to the Mediterranean, with a few tro hen American species. Of

the seven Australian species four have a wide range in the Old World, one is only in

Norfolk Island and New Caledonia if —— distinct from the Mediterranean one,

the two remaining are as far as known en

Fronds ape a Indusium with adnate margins

forming a complete cu

Pinnules “oblong, sbtiuefy lobed. Indusium narrow-

. 1. D. solida.

ide lanceolate, acutely lobed. Indusium ovate.

Pinnules marked with raised striæ . 2. D. elegans.

Pinnules flat, the perte slightly depre sed . 3. D. pyzidata.

Fronds cei Indusium attached Puy by its broad

Fronds rarely above 3 in. long above the stipes. Indu-

sium soos ae the sorus 4. D. pedata.

Fronds large pret und. Indusium short and broad

under the 5, D. dubia,

ia; membrano Tni attached only by “its broad

ase, short and broad unde

apnd pinnae grein, 2 to “Ion

nules 3 to 3 in. lo ong, broad Bs E upper

Ulis ios . 6. D. spelunca.

Secondary pin oblong, + } "to 1 in, lon ng.

"Pinnules

2 to 4 vem qos with 2 to 4 obovate obtuse lobes . 7. D. tripinnata.

l. D. solida, Swartz; Hook. Spec. Filic, i. 163, t. 42, Syn. Filic.

sium narrow-oblong, P Te long, the margins adnate, jue with

the fand a complete cup or tube. —Bedd. Ferns Brit, Ind. t

Queensland. Hummocky Island, Thozet.

Also in the Malayan Archipelago and South Pacific Islands.

pinnate the pinne often tapering into ong points. Pinnules lan

late, th pm tifid, eoriaceous, smooth shi and =

i i sma

truncate or bidentate lobes or teeth. Indusium ovate, about i line

ong and broad, the margins adnate a nd forming with the tube ^ com-

plete cup, the number of these little-shining indusia uses contrast-

ing with the darker frond.—R. Br. Prod. 157.

716 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Davallia.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander, A. Cunningham ; York

Peninsu nie , N. Taylor ; Rockingham and Clevela a Rege W.H. ill, Dallachy, Bowman ;

Fitzroy Island, Walter ; - Rockhampton, O Shane

Widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.

3. D. pyxidata, C4v.; Hook. Spec. Filie. i. 169, t, 55, Syn. Filie.

96.—Rhizome thick, densely covered with soft scales. Fronds usually

under 1 ft. long and nearly as broad, on a stipes half as long, twice or

thrice pinnate. Pinnules coriaceous smooth and shining, the lobes and

segments shorter and broader than in D. elegans, without the raised

striae of that species, the veins slightly a deae. Sori on the lobes or

teeth. Iudusium ovate, sometim s broad as in JD. elegans,

but more frequently rather narrower, the margins SOME, when young

almost immersed in the frond.—R. Br. Prod. 157.

Queensland, Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller and others; Rockhamp--

ton ery neighbouring districts, Dallachy, Thozet, Q' Shanesy ; Rockingham Day,

—

s. Wales. rus Jackson to m E bee are ae R. Brown, Sieber, Fl.

Mise 240, A. Cunningham and others; New England, C. Stuart; Richmond

Tre Mrs. Tikini 7 ; Hastings ai Macleay River, Beckler ; ; lllawarra,

Johns

Also in Norfolk Island, and New Caledonia, and scarcely » a distinguished from

the well-known D. canariensis ofthe West Mediterranean reg

4. D. pedata, Sm.; Hook. Spec. ir i. 154, t. 45, Gard. Ferns, t. 7,

de aan 89. — Rhizome scaly, often very long. Fronds ovate-trian-

, l; to 3 in rud on a stipes usually as slong or soe coriaceous,

or scarcely crenate, obtuse or truncate. Sori at the base of the

erenatures at the end or upper half of the segments. Indusium nearly

orbicular, rather above 4 line diameter, closely appressed and covering

the sorus but attached es «d the broad base.—AHumata pedata, J.

Sm. ; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t

Queensland. Cape rok Peninsula, XN. Taylor; Rockingham Bay, W. Hill,

Dallachy ; Bowen, Woolls

Also in tropical Asia and the Mascarene Islands.

. D. dubia, R. Br. Prod. 157.—Fronds large, resembling those

of Didona d. rvallioides but more rigid, twice or thrice pinnate.

i i we

E sd ues independent of them. Indusium d t

tee road and very short, attached em by the broad base a

> ici. without any trace of the upper valve or complete ring of Dick-

E ia.— Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fil. 433; Sie», Filic. Ers. n, 111, Fl.

Dacallia.| CXLVII. FILICES. 717

Mixt. n. 247 ; Dicksonia dubia, Gaudich. in Freye. Voy. Bot. 367;

Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 71, t. 24; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. i. 132; Balan-

tium Brownianum, Presl, Pteridogr. 134.

Queensland, Moreton Bay, F. Mwebr; Port Denison and Mount Elliott,

Fitzalan ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham

, CO. St i Tweed River,

in the lower part, pinnatifid towards the end, membranous, hairy under-

neath as well as the rhachis. Lower pinnules } to £ in. long, pinna-

only by the broad base.—Polypodiwm spelunce, Linn. ; Microlepia

spelunce, T. Moore; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 52 ; Davallia flaccida, R.

Br. Prod, 157; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 118, D. polypodioides, Don ; Hook.

Spec. Filic. i. 181.

Queensland. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Broad Sound, Bowman ;

Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy. ;

Widely spread over tropical Asia and Africa.

7. D. tripinnata, F. Muell. Herb.—An elegant fern of which I have

only seen a single frond in herb. F. Mueller, 8 in. long, 6 1n. broa

on both sides but rather thin, the lower pinne and pinnules quite dis-

tinet, the upper ones smaller and confluent at the base. Sori few in!

Specimen under the sinus of some of the smaller lobes. Indusium

membranous, broad and somewhat jagged, attached only by the broad

ase.

Queensland. Bellenden Ker Range, W. Hill.

20. VITTARIA, Sm.

Rhizome creeping. Fronds simple, linear, the very oblique veins

connected in an intramarginal vein. Sori continuous along the intra-

marginal vein, with a two-valved indusium of the substance of the frond,

718 CXLVII. FILICES. [Fittaria.

Opening from the outer margin inwards as an inner valve, the margin of

the frond recurved over the sorus forming the outer valve, the sorus thus

Tobom embedded in a double margin of the frond.

The genus is limited t very few species dispersed over the tropical regions

of the globe, the only celica one extending over tropical Asia, Africa and the

Pacific ds.

1. V. elongata, Swartz ; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 395.—Rhizome

creeping, covered with black or purple hairlike scaies. Fronds var ne

from 2 or 3 in. to 2 ft. in length, 1 to 2 lines broad when fertile, 2

to 5 lines when barren, acute obtuse or truncate at the end, gradually

tapering into a short stipes, of a rather coriaceous texture. Veins

very snare, potra almost parallel with the midrib and all as well

as idrib embedded in the substance of the frond. Sori

code extending nearly the whole length of the fertile fronds.

—R. Br. Prod. 153; Leurss. in Schen nk and Leurss. Mittheil.

Bot. i. 90, t. 11; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 21.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown ; Cape York, Daemel; Rockingham Bay,

Deltech, y: bran River and Mount Elliott, Fitzalan ; Islands off the coast,

unnin

S reise: Richmond River, C. Moore ; Macleay River, Fitzgerald.

21. LINDSÆA, Dryand.

Rhizome creeping or shortly penean Fronds pinnate or com-

pound or in species not Australian undiv . Sori in a continuous or

rarely interrupted Feo under the margin of "the frond, with a continuous

indusium opening along the upper or outer margin, the margin of the

frond sometimes slightly dilated and assuming the appearance of an

upper valve. Veins forked, free or anastomos ie

A considerable tropical and subtropical genus, erm he New and the Old

World. Ofthe eleven Australian species five have a wide ver inthe Old World,

two are New Zealand species, one of them also in yen Caledonia; the four others

appear endemic.

Rhizome Gaag Fronds — et rhachis à

black, wiry. "Pinnules — 1, L. linearis.

Rhizome short. Fronds tufted, s x innate; rhachis

slender, Weser mall, distant, oilen bipa rtite . 2. L. dimorpha.

Rhizome short. Fronds tufted, See: innate. Pinnules

near together, 3 to 4 lines - 3. L. cultrata.

a creeping. mei Dess and bipinnate.

in. broad.

Veins frie, al fe or very rarely anastomosing. . 4. L. Jlabellulata,

Vei igo es more or defines

em CHIP ae hs 5. L. lobata.

ch o sc RR cuneate, equilateral. “Veins free.

__ Fronds mostly bipinnate, rather rigid.

Lindsea. | CXLVIL FILICES. 719

Pinnules obovate or oblong-cuneate, 2 to 3 lines

g. RESET 6. L. trichomanoides.

Fronds bipinnato, the rhachis slender Hlexuose, ` Pinnules

cuneate-truncate, 1 to 2 1 7. L. microphylla.

Fronds ere s] londer, istius r Putas small "deeply

PM d o 2 or 3 cuneate lobes, 1 to 2 lines

ng 8. L. incisa,

Primary SRBE entire lancoolate, or * pinnate with short

secondary pinn Veins anastom

rimary pinnules prod POTIER pent? Pr 4 to 8

lines long . L. Fraseri,

Primary pin nules: lanceolate, 1 to 4 in. long, ‘entire or

Mos d or m = with short —'

es 10, L. ensifolia.

aiy ies les "lanceolate, coriaceous, entire, woolly-

tomentose underneath, Veins free . 11. Z. lanuginosa,

Er Bir der.

UM forest land in the western districts common, Robertson; F.

Mello; pee other

smania. ibadani in heathy places, J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Onkaparinga, F. Mueller,

W. Australia. King Georgo '8 biam to Swan River, Oldfield, Drummond, n.

226, 401, Preiss, n. 1306, and o

Alsoin New Zealand, New Caledonia and Norfolk Island.

: L. dimorpha, Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 19. —Rhizome tufted. Fronds

"ida pinnate, the barren ones mostly 2 in. long or rather more, with

a few broad flabellate pinnules toothed and shortly lobed, cepts!

oblique. Fertile fronds much longer, the stipes and rhachis very

slender and pale-coloured. Pinnu les either broadly poer very

oblique E undivided as in L. linearis or once or twice bipart

L. incisa.— L. heterophylla, Prent. in Trim. Journ. Bot. 1873, 295, not

of Dryand.

risbane, Prentice, Bailey. A very distinct species readily

e oa denda taftod fronds, Erab tho fertile fronds in the specimens

Seen are not very perfect.

3. L. cultrata, Swartz ; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 203, Syn. Filie. 105.—

Rhizome Aa very shortly creeping. Yan simply pinnate, 3

729 CXLVII. FILICES. { Lindsea.

to 6 in. long, the stipes and rhachis wiry but slender and pale-coloured.

Pinnules near together, occupying the greater part of the frond, very

oblique or half-reniform, 3 to 4 lines broad, the rounded outer margin

E bud state than the Australian specimens) ; Bedd. Ferns 8. Ind.

; Davallia brachypoda, Baker, Syn. Filic. 468 ; Lindsca concinna,

Í tes Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 18.

keg York Peninsula, recs s Expedition, N. Taylor; Bellenden Ker

ge. W. Hill ; Gilbert River, Daint

Also in the Mascarene Islands and tropical and eastern Asia up to

Japan

L. aie Dolkts, Dryand. in Trans, Linn. Soc. ii. 41

Rhizome creeping. Fronds 6 in. to 1 ft. high, usually bipinnate 2 or

lower pinue being again pinnate and 2 to 4 in. long, the

iiber pinne entire, but sometimes the whole frond sat pinnate or

in other s specimeus more or less tripinnate. iunules oblique, in the _

simply pinnate part flabellate or almost rhomboid often 4 in. broad,

smaller in the more compound specimens. Veins forked, free or very

rarely here and there anastomosing. Sori continuous round the mar-

gin or interrupted.—L. tenera, Dryand. ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 119; L.

media, a, R. Br. Prod. 156; LZ. polymorpha, Hook. and Grev. le. f ilie.

N. Australia. Islands off the North Coast, R. PSU ; Port Essington,

venite NER

Que d. York Peninsula, N. Taylor; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy;

Dolonden goes Range, W. Hil; Islands off the ‘coast, A, Cunningham,

ilivra

Also in East India and the Malayan Archipelago.

bata, Poir.; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filie. 111.— Rhizome

oid: e ds 6 in. to 1 ft. high, simply pinnate or bipinnate with

few pinnate pue. "s the base, much resembling the less-

branched specim T. flabellulata, but the fertile pinnules

often more thas, n in. broad, and the veinlets frequently anas-

tomosing.

Queensland. Endeavour C Ht cies Rivers, N. Taylor; Rockingham

Bay, Dallachy ; Hull River,

Islands - India, the Malayan Archipelago and the South Pacific

slands.

des, Dryand. in Trans. Linn. Soc. iii. 43, t. 11.

Tied veiut usd rather rigid, 6 in. to near l Bos high,

including the long wiry stipes, bipin nate. Primary piune alm ost

opposite, usually j to Lin. long; pinnules obovate or oblong-canéaté

Lindsea.] CXLVII. FILICES. 721

equilateral, 2 to 3 lines long, the upper ones confluent, all rounded and

entire at the end with a continuous sorus, or notched with an inter-

rupted sorus and indusium. Veinlets forked, not anastomising.— Hook.

Sp. Filic. i. 218, Syn. Filie. 110; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 136; F. Muell.

Fragm. v. 118.

N. S. Wales? Illawarra, Herb. F. Mueller, collector not named; Kurrajong,

Woolls, a small doubtful specimen.

Tasmania. Dense forests near Macquarrie Harbour, Milligan, Gunn.

Also in New Zealand.

7. L. microphylla, Swartz ; Hook. Spec. Filie. i. 218, Syn. Filie.

110.—Hhizome knotted, shortly creeping. Fronds 6 in. to 1 ft. or

fertile ones obovate cuneate or almost fan-shaped, equilateral, 1 to 2

or rarely 3 lines broad, undivided with a coutinuous sorus, or notched

or lobed with the sori interrupted.—Hook. and Grev. Ie. Filie. t. 194;

Sieb. Fl. Mixt. n. 234; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 119.

Queensland, Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, Fraser, F. Mueller. f

- S. Wale Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Cunningham; Clarence River,

Wileor ; New England, C. Stuart.

8. L. incisa, Prent. in Trim. Journ. Bot. 1878, 295.— Very near a

microphylla, with the same creeping rhizome, but the stipes an

Queensland. Vicinity of Moreton Bay, Fraser, Leichhardt, A. Cunningham,

F. ueller,

10. L. ensifolia, Swartz ; Hook. Spec. Filie. i. 220, Syn. Ape .

—Rhizome cree ing. Fronds simply pinnate, 6 1n. to above 1 ft. high.

VOL, vir.

722 ; CXLVII. FILICES, [.Lindsea.

sometimes only 2 or 3, sometimes pest 20, lanceolate, 1

- in: Scar ihe frond ending in a long lanceolate lobe occasionally

broken up into small obovate segments. Veins more or less anasto-

mosing. Sori continued along the whole margin except the short equally

cuneate base.— Hook. and Grev. Ic. Filic. t. 111; F. Muell. Fragm. v.

118; L. lanceolata, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 98, t. 248; R. Br. Prod.

156; L. pentaphylla, Hook. Spec. Pus 219, 1.67; Schizoloma ensi-

folium, J. Sm. ; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t

W. Australia. North-coast AUN R. Brown; Hunter's River, York Sound,

A, Cunningham; Fitzmaurice River, F. Mueller; Port Darwin, Scho iliz, h.

36,

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay and Port Bowen, R. Bro ede

Dae Albany Island, F, Mueller ; Daintree River? "Fitealan ; "'Gilber P" given

acri ; Mount t Wheeler, Thozet ; Moreton Bay, W. Hill, F. Mueller

n the Mascarene Islands, East India, the ume an Archipelago and South

Pacific | Talsnda: Labillardiére gives Cape Van Die si or ania) as the station

for his plant. No other collector however has nen E there, and it is omitted in

. D. Hooker's Flora. In Hook. Sp. Filic. Labillardiére’s statio on is given as North

Coast, which Labillardiére did not visit. There is no doubt however of the identity

of his plant with the common teopinal species.

Var. heterophylla. A few or many or mas : pinnæ elongated and wholly or par-

tially divided into small pinnules or se ts.— Carpentaria Islands, R. Brown

York Peninsula, N. Taylor ; Pe York, anil Rocking had Bay, ' Dallachy, y.

Hill; ‘Tunes River, Fitzalan

Baker is espa to identify this variety with the Asiatic Z. heterophylla,

nio vi eene is certainly very near it, but with the pinnules usually longer and of

a firmer

LL. teen Wall.; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 210, t. 69, Syn.

pud 109.—Rhizome stout, creeping. Fronds 1 to about 2 ft. long,

simply pinnate, the rhachis densely woolly-tomentose, or the woo

at length deeiduous. Pinn umerous, lanceolate, often falcate,

all fre

along the se ia except the obliquely rae bu base.—F. Muell.

Fragm. v. 118.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, W. Hill; Edgecombe Bay, Dallachy ; Port

Denison and Daintree River, gw T $ :

Spread over tropical Asia and Africa,

22. ADIANTUM, Linn.

Rhizome creeping or tufted. Fronds c compound or rarely simple.

Pinnules more or less pailai, often oblique, the forked or dichotomous

veins radiating from the petiole to the margin without any midrib.

Adiantum.] CXLYII. FILICES. 723

Sori marginal, short and distinct or rarely elongated and confluent.

Indusium continuous with the margin and recurved bearing the spore-

cases on its under surface.

and the Old World, two extend from

Islands, one of them also into Africa, the two remaining ones only into

Zealand, none of them endemic in Australia.

mtinuous. . . . . Ll. A. lunulatum.

Fronds bipinnate. Pinnules broad divided into cuneate

Obes. Sori transversely oblong . . . . ...

Fronds mostly 3-pinnate. "Pinnules broadly obovate

nearly equal at the base. Indusia reniform. . . 3.4. ethiopicum.

Fronds bipinnate or 3-pinnate at the base. Pinnules ~

ique or dimidiate. Rhizome creeping.

inne numerous. Pinnules mostly 3 to 4 lines

. broad. Sori and indusia transversely oblong . 4. A. formosum.

Pinns fewer. Pinnules more equal, 4 to 8 lines

2. A. capillus-veneris.

road,

Todts réeniorm |, o 4 7. 95s os 2 Be 4. affine.

Indusia transversely oblong . . . . . . . . war. intermedium.

Fronds with few long almost pedate glabrous pinnæ.

"innules membranous, finely vei Sori in the

sinus, reniform. Rhizome tufted . . . . . 6. A. diaphanum.

Fronds more pedate, more or less hispid. Pinnules

prominently veined, Sori rounded, contiguous.

Rhizome usually tufted . . . phu us

Lu, lunulatum, Burm.; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 11, Syn. Filic.

114.—Rhizome short. Fronds tufted, simply pinnate, 6 in. to near

7. A. hispidulum.

Sori elongated, sometimes continuous along the w gi

= often more or less interrupted.—-Hook. and Grey. Ie. Filic.

- 104.

N. Australia. Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 152, 212.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

Spread over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World.

green. Sori at the

end of most of the lobes usually occupying their whole breadth.—

Hook. Brit, Ferns, t. 41 ; Bedd. Ferns 8. Ind. t. 4.

Queensland, Wet rocks near Northampton, O'Shanesy.

Common in the temperate and subtropical regions of the globe especially in the

northern hemisphere, less abundant within the tropics. ey

“3

724 CXLVIII, FILICES. [ Adiantum,

A, zthiopicum, Linn.; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 37, t. 77. Syn.

123. —Rhizome tufted or DG SEPRE _ Fronds eil 1 to 1i

Sori distinct in the sinus of the crenatures, the reflexed indue

reniform or at length UE s oblong.—Bedd. Foris S. Ind.

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 137 ; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 119; Sieb. Fl. 1 Mist

n. 244; A. assimile. Swartz; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii 37; R. Br. Pr

156; A.trigonum, Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 99, t. 248.

Queensland. Broad Sound, Shoalwater and Keppel Bay, R. Bro nio NS

seram a, N. Taylor; Rockingha am Bay, Dallachy ; very numerous ae 1 wee :

au Queensland, Bowman, O'Shanesy and others ; Maranoa in the interior,

Mitehe E

N. 5. Wales. Exo iode to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, le Rise -

others; northward New England, C. Stuart; Hastings and Macl ivers,

Beckler ; poen to tke ce Bay, L. Morton ; Lord Howe's Island, Fullaga: M

Vict Very Ple Wendu Vale, Robertson, 2nd the rel

plo Land, F. Mueller Pend of 3

Tasmania, Labillardiére ; eem lands and rocky places frequent,

Hooker.

Ss. — naona K oo Island, R. Brown ; Lofty Ranges, F. Muell ;

contra. King Gea orge’s ‘Sound to Swan River,- Preiss, n. 1308 ; Drum-

"ag n. 995 and others.

Masa armed over the tropical and temperate regions of the Old World and of

Western Amer

form R. Br. Prod. 155.—Rhizome creeping, "ee

Fronda lto 3 ^f. bi high, broadly spreading, 2 to : times pou

stipes often scabrous with numerous pinnz, the primary and secon =

ones always simply pinnate at the end, the main rhachis usually flexuo

slender and black. Pinnules membranous or reely icem

"pud petiolate, obliquely omong obovate or sanani usually : oe

4 lines rarely only 2 lines long,-or larger when barren, the entire side

very eas, the dpi margin erenate-toothed. Sori on the tee

Port Denison, Fitzalan ; Moreton Bay, Leichhardt and others;

Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mounta R. Brown and many

others, New England, C. Stuart; Richmond or C. pe and others; Clarence

E. Ha astings Rivers, Subir Ia warra, John

ctoria. Broadrib and Snowy Rivers, F. Muelle e

Also in New Zealand.

5. A. affine, Willd.; Hook. end Bak. Syn. Fil. 117. ra

—S but much less Guna, with larger pinnules m e =

size. Rhizome creeping. Fronds 1 ft. high or more, Kipinwt e

Adiantum. | CXLVII. FILICES. 725

tripinnate only in the lower part, Primary piane not numerous, 3 to

in. long. Piunules- almost sessile, very oblique ly ovate or oblong-

rhomboidal, 4 to $8 i road, the outer margins dentate. Sori

pirane om indente Indusium broadly reni gru Muell.

Fragm. v. 119 Aara E Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 52, t. 86.

D ohak oe Bailey,

Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue a Woolls and others;

Bichon’ fiver c. Moore; Macleay River, Fitzgerald,

Also in New Zealand.

Var. fpes medium. Fronds and pinnules of A. afine, but the indusia transversely

oblong as in A. formoswm.— Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Port Jackson to the Blue

Mou 6ibuns: Woolls.

Rhizome tufted. Fronds 6 in. to 1 ft. high ineluding the slender

stipes, with 2 s 5 pny pans 3 to 6 in. long, the lower ones some-

times with 1 o econdary ones at the base. Pinnules numerous, very

shortly petiolate puer: a rhomboidal with very unequal bases,

thinly membranous, 3 to 6 lines broad, the outer margin dentate. Sori

in the sinus of the teeth. Indusium deeply reniform.— 4. affine, Hook.

pec. Filic. ii. 32, not of Willd.

Queensland. Rockingha

districts, ota dt, Ir deti,

N. S. Wales. Richmond River, C. Moore.

z am in the Malayan Archipelago, South China, the South Pacific Islands and New

ealand.

Ceci divided at the base or higher up into s næ.

s numerous, very shortly petiolate, sua bese ovate-thombotd

3 to 8 lines long o ad, rather rigid, prom yi gs veined, the u

contiguous thougn not confluent.

po reniform.—Bedd. Ferns S. ais t. 3: F. Muell. Fraga

v. $

Queensland. Shoalwater Bay, R. Brown; very numerous — from York

Peninsnla, N. Taylor, and Hobbs ham Bay, Dallachy and others, to Brisbane River,

F. M: 3

"S. Wa isa E D o ihe "Blue ue Peete tal R. Brown and others ;

north ward to ne. qu frontier from n ollectors; southward to Two-

fold Bay, F. > Lord Howe’s Island, 6.2 Moors; e, Peri

Victoria, "Gon River, F. Mueller

Extends over tropical Asia and Africa, the Pacific Islands and New Zealand.

am Bay, Dallaehy y; Daintree River, Fitzalan ; southern

726 CXLVII. FILICES.

23. HYPOLEPIS, Bernh.

Rhizome creeping. Fronds Tehe, usually large, n pinnules

Een id marginal, short, in the sinus of the teeth ofthe

nules. usium a small scale SB DhrDE with the margin,

cepe over she sorus, the spore-cases attached at its base.

The genus oe but few species dispersed over the tropical and subtropical

regions of mes w and the Old World, the only Australian species being limited to

the Old Wor

1. H. tenuifolia, Bernh. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 60, t. 89,90, Syn.

Filic. 129.— Fronds 4 to 5 ft. high including the stipes and often above

ft. broad, 3 or 4 times pinnate. Tertiary pinne lanoso deeply

pinnatifid or pinnate; fruiting pinnules or segments 2 to 4 lines long,

crenate-toothed. Rh: achis and under side of the segments usually

EF hairy. Sori few or atea to ene segment in the sinus of the

, the reflexed seale-like indusium at first often covering the sorus

iei in an ees stage almost concealed under the sorus or quite

withered away.

gegen Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

N.S, Wales. — River, C. Moore; Lord Howe's Island, very abundant,

C. Moore, Sawa and other

Also in t e Malayan Archipelago, ed South Pacific Islands and New Zealand,

but not in ond ani The fronds, especially in an advanced state of M

bear a "gd resemblance to those of Polk ypodium — and are icing es

erent it in herbaria, but, if the insertion of the sori be carefully ex oa

ts will I believe always be readily distingui

24. CHEILANTHES, Swartz.

Rhizome tufted or creeping. Fronds usually small, twice or thrice

pne ate ue small lobed poginanta. Sori snus and distinct at the

of the veinlets or oblon by the S e or more,

PL the slightly altered eae or lobes bent over han and forming

an indusium with the NUS eMe. inserted at their base as in Pteris.

ign forked from a central n

nsiderable genus widely or over the eg and teenporn regions of de

Now aad the ea aipe sorely differin ng from Peris in the greater distinctness 0

the so of species one is diti, the other, if truly dist tinct, i$.

lonis e.

Ultimate lobes of the fronds obovate » an. 1 to 2 lines d

. long, or rarely ovate-lanceolate an er . 1. C. tenuifolia.

Pinnules 8 ending in a linear lobe eai sad hit in. long . . . 2. C. caudata.

| (See also NorzorxNa, where the margin forms a spurious indusium.)

* f yg reece) Swartz; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 82, t. uf

: Filic. —Rhizome horizontal or shortly creeping often k notty.

zt Fronde E. 2 or 3 in. to nearly 1 ft. high, from narrow lanceolate to

Oheilanthes.] OXLVII. FILICES. 727

segments ovate-lanceolate obtuse 3 in. “Jong and seeneely lobed, the

contiguous, with. the small rounded teeth or lobes bent ove

R. Br. Prod. ; Sieb. Filie. Exs. 116, Fl. Mixt. n. 250; acre in

P Ps. ii. EI. Hook. f, Fl. Tasm. ii. 188; F. Mu ell. Fragm. v.

122; Bedd. Foru S. Ind. t. 188; CO. Siebert, Kunze in Pl. Preiss. ii.

112; Hook. Spee. Filic. ii. 83, t. 97; C. Preissiana, Kunze l. e.;

C. contigua, Bak. Syn. Filic. 476 ; Pteris PM Br. Prod. 155;

Pellea nudiuscula, Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 1

N. Australia. p e off the North Coast, R. Brown; Victoria River and Sea

Range, F. Mueller ; Baca e Cliffs, Hullse; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 35, 207, 307,

some specimens abov T ees

desir ; ic S. Wal s oE Lord Howe’s Island), Victoria,

Tasmania, S. and Central Aiit alia, W. Australia. Evidently very abundant

especially in stony rocky EET throughout these colonies, the stations indicated

498

far merous to particularise, the western ones inc udin; br» Dr "eser d s n. 498, and

"shark n. 1304, 1305, 1307, pre bey in all except Tasm R. Brow

he species ataa over = India econ in hilly districts, Eastern Asia and the

Malayan Archipela specimens ncluding Cheilanthes hirsuta, Metten.,

very near to ess of ‘Nothotena wile, especially when the fructification is

asad and the indusium opened o

2. C. caudata, R. Br. Pr = 156.—Perhaps a variety of C.

tenuifolia, but the few specimens seen have a very different aspect.

Fronds 6 to 8 in. long, slender, Haea at least at the base, the pinnæ

linear pinnule, usually at least } in. long, cont

the base, and soriferous dasseationt: the few segments a

pinne Torir linea

. _ Queensland. Nds River, Banks and Solander ; Port Bowen, A. Brown;

Gilbert River, Daintree.

Pteris nitida, R. Br. Prod. 155, (Pellea nitida, eg hy Filic. i at serge

this dece There was erae men so named foun his herbari

would ay oes had at first oat it i in Pieris vem k - xia

(which ede to be the peg ewm) and in subsequently - arm. the

0 to Cheilanthes “a had accidentally omitted to erase them from Pte:

25. PTERIS, Linn.

Rhizome short and thick or creeping. Fronds usually large and

compound rarely small or simple. Veins simple forked or reticulate,

728 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Pteris.

with or without a midrib. E linear, postinuons or slightly interrupted

along the margin of the segments, w fa a continuous narrow membranous

indusium proceeding from the mar i opening along the inner or

lower edge. Spore-cases inserted on the frond under the indusium.

A large yee distributed over the temperate as well as the raid reer regions of the

globe. Of rs welve p species five have a general distributio as oth the

New an o Ol id World, four are limited to the Old World, two more to New

Zealand va the South Pacifie Islands, one only is as far as known defen emic

Veins oblique on the midrib, forked and free, par almost

concealed in the thick substance of th e fro

Fronds 2 to 4 in. € "e broad, $-pattite with deeply

pinnatifid divisi 1. P. geraniifolia.

Fronds 6 to 18 in. long; simply | pinnate with distinct

not decurrent un ROM EE

Rhachis usually rous, ' Pinnules broad, SER to 21

in. long, shortly P olat 2. P. paradoxe,

Rhachis scaly-hirs

innules lanceolate te, 1 to 2 in. long, sessil 3. P. falcata.

innules orbicular or badly pg mr obtuse, :

ito 3in . lon 4. P. rotundifolia.

Veins transverse on the midrib, simple or forked, free,

frond.

apparent on the uid:

Fronds pinnate.

Pinne ITOW, jsa ided, 3 to 6 in. long 5. P. longifolia.

Pinnæ few, narrow long, undivided or with

few short lateral I ems barren puse short

, and em ee 6. P. ensiformis.

Pinnæ w,4 to 6 in. long, : some undivided

others with fe few lobes 1. P. umbrosa.

e to 8 in, lng, „deeply pinnatifid with Pe

rous narrow P. quadriaurita,

Fronds: nee 2 to 5 gre pinnate, ‘segments

Segments ae narrow, rather regular. In-

usium not thickened at the base 9. P. tremula.

Segments often very unequal, usually hairy | un-

derneath between the raised midrib an

the sorus. Indusium from a thickened base . 10. P. aquilina, var.

sionally anastomosing. Frond large compound . . 11. P. incisa.

: f

witobrochia). Frond-branches pinna

deeply pinnatifid.

Fron a _ Segments of the pinnæ connected by

winged rhachis 2 to 3 lines broad . 12. P. marginata.

Frond wi with ao berat branches. bein ts of the pinne

decurrent on the rhacbis . 18. P. comans.

1.P, - geraniifolia, Raddi, Filie. Bras.46.— Rhizome tufted. Fronds

broadly rounded-cordate in outline, 2 to 4 in. long and broad, coriaceous,

tripartite, the lateral divisions divaricate, all deeply pinnatifid, the

lower segments again pi nnatifid, the upper ones short and entire; lobes

all obtusely lan ceolate or ovate, with a black midrib sometimes shortly

conspicuous, the veins otherwise oblique and forked concealed in the

Pteris. | CXLVIT. FILICES. | 729

substance of the frond. Sori continuous on the lobes.—Bedd. Ferns

S. Ind. ; F. Muel g 1

not of Lin nn.; P. Brownii, Desv. in Mem. Soe. Linn. Par. vi. 294;

ees geranifoli Fée; Hook. le. Pl. t. 915, Spec. Filic. ii. 132,

Syn

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Rockingham Bay, Dal/achy; Port

Denisom, Fitzalan ; Rockhampton, 0” Sony nesy, Bowman ; Bowen, Woolls,

. S. Wal New England, C. Stuar.

las dispersed over the tropical ic ede regions of the New and the Old

rid,

. P. paradoxa, Baker—Rhizome creeping. Fronds 6 in. to 1$

ft. Tigh simply pinnate, the rhachis dark and shining, glabrous or very

. faleata

with dichotomous free veins oblique on the midrib concealed in the

substance of the frond. Sori usually continuous all round very nearly

to the petiole. Indusium not so thin as in most s species, soon concealed

under the sori ——4diantum paradoxum, B. Br. Prod. 155; Sieb. Fl.

Mixt. n. 269: Pellea paradoxa, Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 135, t. 111, Syn.

Filie. 152 ; m Brownii, J. Sm.; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 36.

Queensland. Brisbane ges Moreton Beh A, Cunningham, F. Mueller and

others ; "Port Des Fitzala

ales. Port Ja pets on, R. Brown ; New England, C. Stuart ; Richmond.

River, C. Moore, Ramsay ; Tweed ets Guilfo yle.

Included by F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 123, under P. sed but although not

generically separable it appears to me quite distinct as a speci

Pa 7 3. P. fale ata, R. Br. Prod. 154.—Rhizome creeping. Fronds 6

in. to 1} ft. long, amply pinnae He rhachis densely scaly-hirsute.

Pinne numerous, sessile or nearl o, lanceolate, often faleate, 1 to

took, f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 139; Sieb. Syn. 1 Filic. n. 109,

E. Muell. visae E 123, partly ; ; Pellea falcata, "Fée ; Hobe:

Filic. ii. 185, t. 111, Syn. Filie. 151; P. seticaulis, Hook. Ic. Pl. z

207 ; ; Platyloma Jum J. Hm. ; Bedd. Fe jg = t. 23.

ae Brisbane River, Moreton Ber as ; Port Denison,

Fitzalan ; ao epon and neighbouring districts, m "ty Shanes sy and others

x s. Port Jackson to the a Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham

and o rthward to New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings s River, Beekler ; Tweed

= Guilfoyle a to Illawarra, einn; 'Twofold Bay, F. Mueller Eee

ow sland, C. Moore, Fullagar. ee

ria. From pri ene s rne and the Grampians to East Gipps Land, F. Mueller

and any others. :

Tasmania. Kent's Island, R. Brown; common in forests, etc., J. D. Hooker.

Also in East India, the Malayan Archipelago and New Zealand.

730 CXLVII. FILICES. [.Pteris.

4. P. rotundifolia, Forst.; Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 422.—Habit of P.

faleata but usually smaller or more slender. Pinnæ orbicular or very

broadly oblong, obtuse, often slightly cordate at the base, almost

sessile, usually about y in. long or when luxuriant 1 in. Venation

and scaly hirsute rhachis entirely a as in P. falcata —Pellea rotundifolia,

Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 136, he Filic. 151; Platyloma rotundifolium, J.

Sm. ; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 3

eres sland. Mount odds Fitzalan, also Mount Lindsey, Bailey (whose

ich = have not seen).

Also in New Zealand and in Norfolk Island. The figure in Hooker’s Filic. Exot.

t. 48, vicis a luxuriant large form probably from a cultivated specimen.

5. P.longifolia, Linn.; Hook. Spec. ment ii. 157, Syn. Filie. 153.

—Rhizome short and thick. Fronds 1 to high, simply pinnate,

the stipes scaly-hairy at the base only. Pics usually numerous,

sessile or nearly so, linear or linear-lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long in full-

grown specimens, the simple or forked veins transverse from the

midrib and apparent. Sori continuous along the whole margin except

the small P pres or cordate base.—F. Muell. Fragm. v. 126; Bedd.

Ferns S. di

Queenslan i»: Pe River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Rockhampton,

Jouer, Theat, O Shanesy. i

Wale - Blue Mountains, Mrs, Calvert; New England, C. Stuart;

Shoalhaven, C. Moore,

oria. Mitchell and Buchan Rivers, Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller.

ae spread over the tropical and temperate regions of the globe.

transverse from the midrib. jn continuous round the fertile lobes.—

ook. and Bak. Syn. Filie. 155; P. crenata, Swartz; Hook. Spec.

Filie. ii. "163; t. 127 ; B. Br. Prod. 1 54; F. Muell. Fragm. y. 125.

Queensland. Endeavour Fes, Banks PF Solander; York Peninsula, N.

Taylor ; Port Denison, Fitzalar

Ranges over tropical and Basten Asia and the Pacific Islands.

=P. umbro rosa, R. Br. Prod. 154. E thick and knotted or

more or less decurrent on the pss posites ndi er and minutely

e when barren, and the bar n ends of fertile ones often deeply

te; veinlets transverse, oi orked. Sori continued down

the 4 decurrent base.—Hook. Spee. Filie. ii. 162, t. 130, Syn. Filic. 155;

_ F. Muell. Fragm. v. 126; Sieb. Syn. Filic. n. 128.

Pteris.] OXLVII. FILICEs. 731

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Dalrymple Creek,

Har enr

. 5. Wales. Grose River, R. niet Nus Mountains, Mrs. Calvert ; New

En glan d, C. Stuart ; eem Clarence and 1 eay Rivers, Beckler ; Twéed iver,

Cone ; southwar SD fe “Gunningha; Twofold Bay, "f Mueller,

ria. emo. Bet F. Muel

P. quadriaurita, Retz; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 179, t. 184, Syn.

Filie. 158.— Rhizome thick. Fronds pinnate, varying from 1t to 3 ft. long.

Pinnz mostly opposite, 4 to 8 in. long, regularly and deeply pinnatifid,

otherwise undivided or the lower ones with one = two similar secondary

linear, often faleate, obtuse, 4 to 8 lines long, confluent at the base,

he pinne usually ending in a long linear-lanceolate point lobed at the

base. Sori often not reaching the base of the segments.—Bedd. Ferns

S. Ind. t. 31; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 125.

Queensland. Cape York Peninsula, — : pA N. Taylor ; Rockingham

Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ; Pa ee River, Fi

Widely spread over the tropical regions By is E and the Old World.

mula, A. Br. Prod. 1541. —hRhizome not seen. Fronds

sometimes we at length expanded so o conceal the

os ES E E YT, ue Filic. ii. 174, t. 120; Syn. Filie. 161; Hook.

Qu een Yo s ical x. Taylor; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Mount

Elhott, Fitzalan s 36 ckhampton and neighbouring districts, Bowman, Thozet,

0 Shanesy and oth

N. S. Wales. "Port pes E the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Woolls and

Others; New Englan astings River, Beckler; Richmond River,

ctn Hodgkinson; ; pee [idees “Gulf yle; ye Howe's Island, Miine, M‘Gillivray

and oth

p Yictoria, Wannon River, Robertson; Cape Otway Ranges and Gipps’ Land,

Mue

Ms Common in shady places, forests, etc., J. D. Hooker.

Also in Norfolk d Fiji Islands and New Ze aland, and closely allied to the

European P. arguta, Ait. with which it is united by F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 126.

. P. aquilina, Linn. var. esculenta ; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 197,

sy. Bip. Ts- 63. — Rhizome thick and div sd Fronds from 1 or 2 to

ondary or tertiary pinne numerous, lanceolate,

pinnate, seus etia a linear undivided obtuse segment, the l lat

segments oblong or linear,

732 CXLVII. FILICES. [Pteris

on the rhachis, the midrib usually raised dilated and hardened with

Fragm. v. 126; Sieb. Syn. Filic. n. 127; P. esculenta, Forst. ; ; Labill.

Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 95, t. 244; R. Br. Prod. 154.

Queensland. Rockingham and Edgcombe Bays, Dallachy; Daintree River,

Heine 3; Rockhampton and viros hood; Bowman. O' Shanesy, Thozet ; Brisbane,

enn

. S. Wales, Port a to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham

Bey others ; New England, tuart ; Hastings River, Beckler ; Richm ond River,

Mrs, Hodgkinson ; llawarra, Chinon: Lord Howe's Island, Fudlagar.

Wendu Vale, Robertson ; Me eure, Danden nong Ranges, ete., F.

Mueller and others ; Grampians, Sullivan.

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown; abundant throughout the island,

er.

‘S. Aesan St. Vincent's Gulf, F, Mueller ; Kangaroo Island; Waterhouse,

w. alia. King George’s ‘Sound to Swan Ri iver, Dr ummon,, n. 399,

Preiss, n. 1300 and others,

The species is generally abundant in some form or other in most tropicaland

temperate regions of the globe, the var. esculenta only in the southern hemisphere.

- ag ustralian iieri ai (Portlan d, Robertson, rnn Bay, Co u jie, aeg come

ar to the typical form with small contiguo d at the base,

ka dosent underneath with a carrie A aat Sidzib and with ERY less vini

thickening at the base of the indus

11. P. incisa, Thunb.; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 230, Syn. Filie. 172.

—Rhizome creeping. Fronds varying from 1 to 5 ft. higb, glabrous,

wice or thrice p Pinnules of the barren fronds usually ye

e, the Piei here and there Erener or all free. Tn

base nor the a apex of the s ideni - Hoo ok. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 14

Sieb. Fl. Mixt. n. 252; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 124; P. po p,

.Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 96, d. 245; RK. x r. Prod. 154; Litobrochia vesperti-

lionis, Presl; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 26

S. W rt Jackson to "e B Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunina

and others ; Clarete River, Bechler — Ri iver, Mrs. Hodgkinson; I

Johnson; Lord Howe’s Island, C. eim gov

Wictoria. Mount Disa ment, Denia Ranges, F. Mueller ; Grampians,

Sullivan ; Upper Yarra River, Waiter

Tasmania. Derwent River a Kings Island, R. Brown; common in damp

wood. ding to 3000 00 ft., J. D. H

S. Australia, P od.

‘Spread over the tropical and southern extratropical regions of the New and the

Pteris.] CXLVII. FILICES, 738

12. P, marginata, Bory; Hook. and ee Syn. n 172.—

- Rhizome not seen. Fronds on young plants sometimes l

when full grown several feet high, the main rhachis branched usually

tripartite, each branch pinnate. innæ numerou to 10 in. long,

deeply poem, segments oblong or broadly Tem often faleate,

obtuse, 2 to 1 in. long, confluent into a winged r rhachis 2-to 3 lines

broad ; veins copiously ‘reticulate on each side of the midrib, Sori

often continued round the sinus, but rarely reaching the ends of the

lobes. Barren fronds thinner, the lobes often minutely dentate.—

P. mm, d ium Hook. Spec. Filic: i. 225, F. Mue

Fragm 125; P. Milneana, Baker, Syn. Filic. 170; , itobrochia

ripe, = and L. Milneana, Bail. Queensl. Ferns

Que Rockingham Bay, una y; Bellenden Ker dee W. dnd.

ao. rea Tresna. Bowen, Woo

pe over tropical Asia and ies Z the Pacific Islands.

P. cienne, F. Muell, Fragm. v. 124, from Rockingham Bay, is evidently a

small frond of this te ie probably from a y oung root. We have similar specimens

from various stati

13. P. comans, Forst. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 219, Syn. Filic. 171.

—Near P. marginata, but. larger xi more branched, the main a

bearing several branches or prima inne

Secondary pinnee 4 to 10 in. long, pent hi pinnatifid ; segment nu Bose

à in. long, oblong-lanceolate or linear, often faleate, decurrent

aloug the rhachis whieh is not however uniformly winged as in

marginata; some of the lower segments sometimes again shortly

pinnatifid ; veins copiously reticulate. Sori usually continued round

195; P. Endlicheriana, Agardh ; Hook. Ie. Pl. t. 973, Bes Filic. ii.

k. f. Fl. Tasm ;

Linnea, xxxvi. 92,

gp gag Toowamba, Hartmann

N.S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Wools ; Lord Howe's Island, €. Moor.

Victoria. Johanna River . FE, Mueller ; Dandenong, L. Morton ; ps Bay,

Wilkinson.

Tasmania. Circular Head, Gunn, Emmett, F. Mueller.

Also in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands,

26. LOMARIA, Willd.

ees R. Br.)

k. Fronds pinnatifid

3 of ea ch year 's shoot

of the € bet een it d the darain, with a membranous m

734 CXLVIL. FILICES. [Lomaria.

midrib, the sori E length covering almost the whole of the under

surface. Veins of the barren pinnules transverse or oblique on the

midrib, mostly forked.

The genusis poeni distributed over the orent. ane ae gigs i regions of the

globe. Of the ten Australian ogee s three are com o the New and the Old

‘World, three are Batted the Old World and zear ei Ahsa dei: is only in New

Zealand and the South Pacific Islands three appear to be endemi

lig nne or with few feng segments decurrent on the

eer 1. L. Patersoni.

iden fronds with nu merous segments attached to the

rhac nflue

Meg segment as long as the others or nea: sls s . . 2. L. vuleaniea,

Lower segments gradually smaller and more ent.

i aoa and stipes glabrous except S the very bas

Barren segme n, long, fertile ones

nearly as long. Rhachis sta . L. discolor.

segments br oadly lanceolate 1 to i in. Yong;

achis pale

fertile ones} to 1 in L. lanceolata,

Barren segments dude: pe ou 1 to ur in.

fertile ones above 2 in. cessum Rhizome with

copious linear subulate scale . L. attenuata.

Barren segments dixe oblong rarely i in, long, fertile

ones 2 to 5 lines 1 6. L. alpina.

— and stipes realy or his pid.

Barren segments 4 , long, 3 to 4 lines broad, the

margins and nud datis . L. fluviatilis.

Barren MM ents 1} to 2 in. dong, 4 in. broad, the

margins and veins ciliate . 8. L. Fullageri.

Barren fronds Sith several or numerous pinnæ ‘attached by

the midrib only, the lowest rarely small,

ene obliquely truncate at 3 baso ‘ See tae E JF Caen

Segments tapering at the base 4s, HM Oe, E ape

1, L. Patersoni, Spreng. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 8, Syn. Filic. 174.

—Rhizome short and thick. Fronds from under 1 ft. to near 2 ft.

long, tdi iod or pinnatifid with few (very rarely 9 or 11) linear

stipes, those of the barren fronds} to 1 in. broad, the veins transverse ;

segments ofthe fertile fronds as long but only 1 to 2 lines broad, the

£5

e Dc

C ma

kci

v»

i |

f. FL Tasm. ii. 141; F. Mue Xy oae v. 122; comas ore R.

Br. Prod. 152 ; Lomaria ioak Blume ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 3, t

ham Ba

ast, Hartmann. iig y, Dallachy ; Mount Lindsay, W. Hill; southern

N. S. Wales. _Port Jackson, Woolls; New Stuart; Maclea,

E Iron e River, Wiles; Tweed Bite d Guitfoule Twofcld Ban

IS, dots Sealer’s Cove, Bunip and Hume Rivers, F, Mueller; Apollo Bay,

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; N. E. of Launceston, Gunn,

Lomaria.] CXLYII. FILICES. . T96

ge alge over East India, the Malayan Archipelago, the south Pacific Islands

xn ew Zealand. From almost allthe Australian localities there are specimens

a eer vised and with pinnatifid fronds, and sometimes the two from the same

969

shining black hairlike scales. Fronds under 1 ft. high, glabrous,

deeply pinnatifid with numerous segments ; those of the barren fronds

lanceolate, faleate, confluent by their broad base, the lower ones 1 to 2

m. long, 3 to 6 lines broad, the lowest pair scarcely smaller and

b s. Segments of the fertile fronds nearly as long, under 2 lines

road except the dilated adnate base.— Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 143.

ueensland? A specimen with barren fronds only from York Peninsula, W,

Taylor, appears to be this plant. :

Tasmania. Franklin River and other mountainous parts of the colony, J. D.

Hooker ; M. «t.

ount Lapegrouse, C. Stuar

j Also in New Zealand, Java and the South Pacific Islands,

3. L. discolor, JVilld.; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 5, Syn. Filie. 175.—

2 ft. or

Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 96, t. 246.

Queens!and. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy. i

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, A. Cunningham, Woolls ;

rn River, C. Moore; lllawarra, 4. Cunningham and others ; Twofold Bay,

+ Mueller.

Victoria. From Dandenong to E. Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller and others.

Tasmania. Port Dalrymple, R. Brown; abundant in damp forests, etc, J. D.

Hooker and others

S. Australia, Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller.

Also in New Zealand and Norfolk Island. Barren specimens occur sometimes

with the larger pinnules pinnatifid above the middle.

4. lan Spreng.; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 11, :

ere MU dE n imes rising into a trunk of

dilated at the base, contiguous

of the barren fronds oblong or lanceolate, :

and often confluent, the longer ones $ to near 2 in. long and 4 to 6

736 CXLVIII. FILICES. LLomaria.

lines broad, the lower gradually smaller, the lowest very short

and broad. Segments of the fertile fronds under 1 in. long, about

13 lines broad. —Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 143; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 121;

Rea lanceolata, R. Br. Prod. 152.

Hopkins vd ‘Alle, : and thence to Wilson's Promontory sparingly

in biverk woods, P. Mue

Tasman : is ‘abundant in po pue moist forests, J. D. Hooker.

S. Axatrullk. Mount Gambier, F. Muel

Also in New Zealand and the Pacific fiiy

. L, attenucta, Willd.; Hook. Spec. Filic. i 6, Syn. Filic. 176.

ne aye thick, creeping up the stems of fern trees, densely covered

with long almost hairlike brown seales. Fronds i pa 1 ft. long, deeply

pinnatifid, almost pinnate from near the base. Ségments s of the barren

ones lanceolate-falcate, 1 to2 in. long in the centre of the frond, the

lower ones gradually smaller, the lowest very short and broad, all

attached by their broad base and mostly confluent, the rhachis glabrous

or slightly scaly. Veins oblique from the midrib, one e forked.

zo of the fertile fronds very narrow linear, E to 4 in. long.

ales. Lord Howe’ 8 Island, on the stems of tree “be C. Moore,

Pulligen Fiteger ald.

Í Ranges over tropical America, southern Africa, the Mascarene and Pacific

slands.

6. L. alpi ina, Spreng.; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 16; Filic. Exot. t

32, Syn. Filic. 178. — Rhizome creeping, scaly. Fronds deeply

pinnatifid or pinnate, 3 to 8 in. long, the “rhachis and slender stipes

glabrous. Pinnules or peuo of the barren fronda E obtuse,

e long, 1 to 14 lines broad. — Hook. f.

. Fragm. v. 121 ; Stegania alpina, R. Br. Prod. 152

N.S. Wales? Macleay River, C. Moore, two barren fronds appear to belong

to this species. |

x ictoria, Upper Hume River, Mount Useful and other Alps, abundant, F.

Tasmania. Table Mountain (Mount Wellington) R. Brown ; abundant in boggy

_— and Mn of all the mountains, J. D. Hooker ; Southport, in plains near the

» C. Stua

canes in cet South America and New Zealand.

Lomaria. | CXLVIL. FILICES. 737

l to 1j lines broad.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 142, t. 167; F. Muell.

E y. 121; bed nr R. Br. Prod. 152

Vict Deep shaded valleys, Delatite, Mitta-Mitta, Bawbaw, etc., in Gipps’

Land, ascending to ts xs ae EE

Tosm “Der t Riv EHE on ; covering shaded precipices near the

Acheron F Rie Sian $ éhady ditis, Ponts C. Stuart.

Also in New Zealand.

. Fullageri, F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 157.—Rhizome lengthening

into a ink of 1 to 2 ft. and with the remains of old fronds 2 to 4 in.

thick. Fronds mostly about 1 ft. long, pinnate. Segments of the

barren ones oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, obtusely auriculate at the base

on each side, the larger ones 13 to 2 in. long and 4 in. broad, the upper

ones shorter and confluent, the lower “smaller distant and more

auriculate, all attached by their broad base, the margins and fork ked

k. Syn. Filic. 481

N.S. Wal Lord Howe's Island, €. Moore, Fullagar, Fitzgerald. mee

name and dia agnosis were printed off my in 1873, though not actually publishe

till 1874, at about the same time as F. Mue

glabrous. _ Fertile fronds equi MES the narrow iieii eee in

above 6 in. long.— L. era,

. 68; Fl. 2;

Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii ii. 97, t. 247 ; Ps minor and S. pro Pen.

R. Br. Prod. 153.

| Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Daliachy ; Mount Lindsay, W. Hill; Bowen,

ham

S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunningham,

es olls and others; New England, €. Stuart; Clarence River, Beckler, Wilcox ;

weed Island,

e River, Gui Guilfo dee tree ubt $ pat an Ris e Gipps’ Land, F. Mueller

and ot

E rt Dalrymple and King’s Island, R. Brown ; abundant in wet

"iy rom “throughout the island, J. m wr ker.

S. Aus Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller.

] America, the

species is dispersed over da and southern extratropica

dyes hipelago, the south Pacific Islands and New Zealand. :

VOL, VII. B

738 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Lomaria.

L. euphlebia, Kunze; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 20, Syn. Filie.

183. S nite thick and woody, slightly scaly, aaa to 1 ft. or

more. Fronds pagato, often above 2 ft. lon Pin w distant, lanceo-

late, 3 to 8 in. long, 4 to $ in. broad, contracted at the base and some-

times ta apering to a fin pra the uppermost o e rarely sessile or

slightly eme. the lowest not much smaller, the rhachis —

Pinn e fertile fronds narrow linear, 3 to 6 in. long.—JL. ar rticu-

lata, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 187.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

2nd Cent. Ferns, t. 89, represents an abnormal J spans per Chinese M

with the pinnæ from the middle upwards adnate by a broad base, perceive

the obliquity of the ring of the spore-cases which has induced imd *teridologists

to place the species in a different genus

27. BLECHNUM, Linn,

Rhizome short and ri or slightly elongated and horizontal. Fronds

deeply pinnatifid or pinn in species not Australian simple or

bipinnate, the segments dm cubes Sori in a continuous line on each side

of the midrib, with a mem mbranous indusium opening IS anth the

a outwards, the two sori often at length confluent concealing the

The g consists of but few er dispersed over the tropical and sub-tropical

regions of the, globe. Of the four Australian species two have a wide range, o

eflyin America but mh in aa, the other only in the Old World, ‘the

ing two species appear to be endem

agmina with a n adnate dmt dg ps nied a ones Bie

vege te 1. B. cartilagineum.

nts obliquely truncate te atthe ba ase, Barren fronds

with much broader and shorter Pesta than the

«. Veins not very close 2. B. levigatum.

Segments toss and shining with very numerous fine

serrulate, obliquely truncate at thebase . . 3. B. serrulatum.

ig wih entire e margins, Fenty uni» at the

x . + 4. B. orientale.

l. B, cartilagineum, Swartz, net ec. Filic. iii. 43, Syn.

Filic. 184.—Rhizome short thiek an T usually covered with

Mace d black scales. Fronds 1 t 2 ft. dats the stipes usually

seabrous. Segments numerous, 3 to 6 in. long, almost coriaceous;

ceci distinct]: veined, dilated and adnate at the base, the ee

smaller ones co

Blechnum.] CXLVII. FILICES. 739

Filic. Hort. Lips. t.5; R. Br. Prod. 152; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 120

Sieb. Syn. Filic. n. 193; B. striatum, Sond. and Muell. in Linnza, xxv.

717, not of Swartz

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Port Denison and Daintree Ld

Fi Siig pot me O’ Shanesy ; various localities in South Queensland, Leich

hardt, Hartmann and others.

DM Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, st are ad

os ; New England, C. Stuart; Hastings River, Beckler ; Rich mond Rive

Hirn; ; Tweed River, Guilfo yle; pn Johnson ; "Twofo ld Bay,

Tian Dandenong Ranges, Sealer's Cove, Gipps’ Land, etc., F. Mueller

niti ind Presl at rien as to the Australian plant referred to i n

Que eng Ferns, 15, appe o be only a slight variety of B. pecie. oun wi

smoother ny and E E

atum, Cav. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. iii. 55, t. 160, Syn. Filic.

186. Fated thick and Vortioati val scaly. Fronds 1 to 2 ft. gu

Pinnæ all ects obliquely truncate at oe ene attached Me e

midrib only, in some fronds all barren, l} t n. long, } to

road, entire or neridlath ; in other fronds. al. fertile, 2 to 5 in. long,

R. Br. Prod. 152; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 120; B. ambiguum, Kaulf. in

Sieb. Syn. Filic. n. 106.

N. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains R. Brown, Clowes,

Woolls,

3. B, serrulatum, Rich.; Hook. Spec. Filie. ii. 54, Syn. pent

ES —Hihizome short and thick or longer and ereeping. des

striatum, R. Br. Prod. 152; Hook. Spec. Filic.

Syn. Filic. n. 125, Fl. Mixt. n. 242; F. Muell. uni v |

N. Australia. pig cente Hill and a Range, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin,

Schultz, n. 487 ; Port Essington, Armstro à ios

Bains: ‘Cape York, Daemel ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton,

Ti x : ;

hozet ; Seared s de sale, R. Brown, A. Cunningham ; Richmond River,

Mrs, Hodgkinson.

cer csi over tropical America, the Malayan Archipelago

and New

Jia i8 n. Filic. 186

4. B. orientale, Linn. s Hook. Spec. Filic, iu. 52, Sy : 4 ,

740 CXLVIL. FILICES. [ Blechnum.

Filic: Exot. t. 77. rra evi thick rising to a short erect trunk.

Fronds 2 to 3 ft. | ong. Pinne he: stinct, 6 in. 1 ft. long, $ to L in.

broad near the dedi tapering to a long point, mostly cuneate at the

base and attached by the midrib only, the numerous veins very fine as

in B. serrulatum, but the margins anije entire. Sori close to the mid-

rib and soon covering it. ew of the uppermost pinnæ occasionally

adnate and oe on the rhachis. —F. Muell. Fragm. v. 120; Bedd.

Ferns S. Ind. t. 29.

N. Australia. Adelaide River, M*Douall Stuart, l

Queensland. Rockingham Bay , Dallachy ; D off the Coast, Leefe, Wa tr ;

Daintree River, Fitzalan ; Gilbe rth iver, Dain

Also in East tropical Asia and in the South Pacific Islands.

28. MONOGRAMME, Schkuhr.

Rhizome slender, rapia Fronds simple, narrow, veinless op

the midrib, So a single continuous line in the upper part of the

; in a groove opening along the midrib, the m. piante of the groove

mig anindusium along one or both sides of the soru

m genus spread over the tropical and southern extratropical regions i she

Now d the Old World. The only Australian species extends over the urea 0

genus sat least in the Old World.

M. Junghuhnii, Hook. Spec. Filie. v. 123, Syn. Filic. 375, ee

tenella.— Rhizome almost filiform, intricately matted, covered with fine

uairlike scales. Fronds slender and vrass-like, 1 to 22 j in, high, entire,

scarcely 4 line broad, flat with a prominent midrib in the lower me

part. the ect fertile half rather broader.—Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t i

F. Mue l. Fragm. vii. 110: ; Diclidopteris angustissima, Brackenr. E ic.

U. S. Expl Exped. 135, t t. 17.

* the

Queitislind. Rockingham Bay —— y. The numerous specimens in

collection are all quite similar to Ce ylonese ones, as figured by Beddome. in

typical form from the Malayan Arhi peli and Pacific Islands, more specially

escribed by Hooker, has very much ledges and stouter fronds

29. DOODIA, R. Br.

Rhizome tufted. Fronds

Sori oblong or shortly linea

forked veins ee fits the

Doodia.] CXLVH. FILICES. 741

Besides the Australian species of which twoare endemi

c and th fin tends t

New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, there is a fourth from Cey : dient

sue or segments all adnate by their broad base.

wae my exceeding , very scabrous, Sori

vate, in 1 or 2 rows bete the midrib and the

mar, l. D. aspera.

uds mostly above 1 ft. long. Sori narrow- -oblong i in

2. D. bechnoides.

L & row very near the midri

ower or nearly all the paneka attached onl iL. by the mid-

rib, o iol: . 8. D. caadata.

the lowest petiolate. Sori oblo:

D. aspera, R. Br. Pr od 151.—¥Fronds erect, rigid, mostly

about 1 ft. or rae but varying from 6 to nearly 18 in., the pinnules as as

the rhaehis exceedi ingly scabrous. innules or segmen

numerous, all attached by jm r broad or di

those i iu i. centre of the frond ERRA f ly

ar at a little distance from the midrib, but

ten numerous in at least two rows on "ach side; —Hook. Spec. Filic.

Fl. t. 8; Sieb. Fl. Mixt. n. ;

üi. 71, Syn. Filic. 189,

wardia aspera, Metten. ; Bail. Queensl.

F. Muell. Fragm. v. 130 ; Wood

Ferns, 27.

res Brisbane and Burnett Rivers, F. Mueller ; Mount Elliott,

ftsalan

N. s.

ld Bay, F. Mulicr; Lord

oor

"Via din Broadribb and Snowy Rivers, F. Mueller ; Cape Howe, Walter.

2. D. blechnoides, 4. Cunn. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. iii, 72, Syn. Filie.

189.— A larger plant than D. aspera and much less scabrous. Piune

similarly dilated and adnate at the base,

numerous nerves connected in areoles. ne

simple between the sori and the margin. So ersely

4 ach side of the midrib and very

frond 1 to 12 ft. long the larger pinnz w

E at. pE f the short broad ones of D.

aspera.—Metteu. Filie. Hort. Lips. t. 6, f. 3.

S. Wales. Nepean River, Fraser, A. Cunningham; Cedar Creek, New

England, C. Stuart.

3. D. Md, R. Br. Prod, 151.—A smaller more slender plant

742 CXLVII. FILICES. _ [Doodia.

an D. aspera, the fronds often decumbent at the base, ascending in

m typical form to 6 to 8 in., or rarely to 1 ft., scabrous but not so

much so as in D. aspera and ver UR Lower pinne distinct,

short, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, often broadly biauriculate, attached by

the midrib only and mostly "barren ; intermediate ones lanceolate

a single row on each side of the mite, and din othkol almost con-

Hook. f. Fl. Tasm ii. 147; F. Muell. Fragm, v v. 129; rupes

Kaulf. in Sieb. Syn Filic. n. 114, Fl. Mixt. . 248 ; "Weohoardin

caudata, Cav. ; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 27.

Queensiand. tly Peninsula, N, Taylor; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Dain-

tree River: Fitzalan ; Roc pton, Mo one Bay and other localities in S. Quee ns-

d, Bowman, p Della F. Mueller and o

N.S. Wal Port Jackson to the Elus s Monia , R. Brown, A. re

and others ; New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings e JAM; 3 Clarence River.

Wilcox ; Tweed River, Guilfoyle

"ce Wannon River, Rober tson; Dandenong Ranges and Gipps’ Land,

Tasm ania. Port Da Mr Bee È. Brown ; abundant in dry stony situations as well

as in shady places, J. D. Hook

Also in New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands.

Var Fronds ee oe €— l ft. long. Longer segments in the

middle of p frond 1 to 2 in can find no other difference, and the inter-

mediate sizes are ida opty cae R. Br. Prod. 151 ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 74,

Syn. Filic. 190 ; Woodwardia media, Fée; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 27.— Éndeavour River,

m mo

more frequ ent in Queensland m a northern = of N. S. Wales, whilst in

30. ASPLENIUM, Linn.

me creeping, or short and thick, or rising to a shortly

T umet trunk. Sori linear or rarely oblon ng, on veins proceeding

m the midrib or the base of the pinnules or on their branches.

Indusium linear or oblong, attached along one side to the vein and

opening along the other side.

generally dispersed over the tropical mi rate regions of the

DA Of "mruw pe ds ERA E Species, 3 havea m Mio or less An Pal diate but n over

the New mhi as the Old Wor i 9 are limited to the Old hc 4 extend to e

ofthem also in the extreme South of Ameri , the re remaining 6

CXLVII. FILICES. 743

Secr. I. Euasplenium.—Sori linear, diverging fom p verde or fom the

petinte le towards the margin the indusium opening from nner or upper edge

Foi: entire, Veins and sori parallel and trans-

erse.

Fronds coriaceous, 1 to 6 ft. long, 3 to 8 in. broad,

hee closely parallel, connected within the

argin : l. A. nidus.

Fiviids thinner, 1 to 1 ft. lon ng, i to 1} in. broad.

Veins mostly 1 line apart, not coritisetad ai - thé

2. A. simplicifrons.

Fronds linear-lanceolate, broken into segments only a at

the base, € ery oblique, parallel . 3. A, attenuatum

cUm sim mply pin

ins A forked, piiitiately diverging from an irregu-

lar Fronds small, tufted, pear 2 to 3

nes yim s 4. A. trichomanes.

Mie more or less tripartite or flabellate at the base of

vns e branch usually elongated and

Fronds 5 wonk, diffuse. bm im obliquely obovate or

shaped, 3o 6 lines broad 5. A. flabellifolium.

Fronds diffus se, ub. hirsute. Panua ovate fan-

ped or broadly — 6 to 9 lines

ke A S iae o. 6. A. paleacewn.

Fronds attaining 1 to 2 it. Pinnules lanceolate,

acuminate, 14 to à in, p ng. . T. A. falcatum,

Veins numerou parallel from the midrib. Pin-

nules oblong or hebeoólate, coriaceous . . - . 8. A. obtusatum,

nds bipinn Segments cuneate, e.

Fronds 3 to 6 in. long. Primary pinne } to 1 in

long, with small distinct Samos ias few,

rather eu ` . 9. A. Hookerianum.

Fronds - to | long. Primary pinnze lanc lanceolate,

i o 2i x long with diskinds-9n or confluent toothed

ents . - 10. A. furcatum.

Ronde 5 p 3 it. lo ong, thrice or “four times pinnate s

hio

numerou and seco: sopred inne. Sori

i PS , . . 11. A. laserpitii'oliwm.

Szcr. II. Darea.—Sori oblong or linear on a vein parallel to the margin of the teeth

or bii and opening towards the ma margin

Sori large with Lun eg OES one to each tooth or

* lobe of th of e pan pinn id = -

ron 2 tt. aue mostly cyt a es :

fekteclatar à to in. long . 12. A. bulbiferum.

Fronds mostly pane: $ pinnulės i very ‘narrow, 3 to

6 in. long . .

13. A. flaccidum.

car with narrow thin idusia,

arranged along the Hie of the robes: ‘Fronds

Sate im Jong, ae dicundo pinna Pu

pinnate p a E EAT feo Dae

Sze Athyrium.—-Sori small, often curved. mostly at the Jork of the veinlets

Wee: i the midrib.

Fronds large, membranous, twice or thrice pinnate . . 15. 4. wmbrosum,

744 CXLYII. FILICES.

Secr, IV. Diplasium.— Sori linear along veins pinnately diverging from a central

vein to each lobe of the pinnule. Indusium narrow, opening, in the same frond, on the one

i the other or both sides of the nerve.

Fronds pinnate iis pinnatifid pinn

Rhizome creeping. Pinne Joniy, a the lower

lobes often divided to the midrib 16. A. japonicum.

7 Rhizome sh xs x thick. Pinne pinnatifid with dio

broa 17. A. sylvaticum.

sss large, cree E RS Trunk erect or shortly arbo-

P of the PIDE pinnae most broad and short.

Sori indusia narrow-lin 18. 4. maximum.

Lobes of. ihe secondary de mostly triangular

or lanceolate. Sori and indusia short

long . . . 19. A. polypodioides,

Lobes of the secondary pinnæ æ oblong or lanceolate.

Sori and indusia dark-coloured À mostly reaching

gin 3 ks 0. A. melanochlamys.

num.— Sori and indusia of Diplasium vom the lateral veiulets

of sate set Lee y p aes with those of the adjoining set

Fronds large, pue ix tional t 6 to 12 in. ja 1 to

1} in. broad . 21, A. decussatum.

Secr. I. EvasPLENIUM.—-Sori linear, diverging from the midrib or

from Eos petiole towards the margin, the indusium opening from t the

upper or inner edge outwards.

road. Vei

parallel, simple or forked, eaa at the end in an eaa

liue.. Sori along the upper or inner side of nearly all the veins, mostly

reaching from the midrib to Ł or nearly 4 of their length.— Bot. Mag.

t. 3101; R. Br. Prod. 150; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 130; A. Musirolait m

Hook. Filic. ee t. 88; Thamnopteris nidus, Presl; Bedd. Fern

Brit. Ind. t. 197,

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown aa k Peninsula, N. Taylor ; Rockingham

Bay, Dellen.: ; Daintree River, Fitzalan ; Bonin Bay, F. Muelier ; Rockhampton

and neighbouring NET. Bowman, Thozet and others.

aa ales ackson, Wen s; Hastings -n Beckler ; Clarence

River, | Wilcox ; Richmond River, Mrs. Ho odgkinson ; ea a, Johnson ; Twotold

Bay, F. Mue ller ; Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore, Fullaga

Widely spread over tropical Asia, —— to the Mascarene Islands on the one

hand and to the Pacific Islands on n tha o

. A. simplicifrons, F. eil. Fragm. v. 74.—Rhizome scaly.

Fronds entire, membranous, 1 to eis ft long, $ to 14 in. broad, tapering

to a point and decurrent on the short stipes. Veins transverse, simple

Asplenium. | CXLVII. FILICES. 745

or forked, mostly about 1 line apart, not connected within the margin.

Sori linear, not reaching either the margin or the midrib.—Hook. and

Bak, Syn. Fil. 193.

Que ellenden Ker Ringh id Hill ; rocky stony places, Rockingham

Bay, Sete. E "Yon Peninsula, N. Tay lo y yP i 8

3 attenuatum, A. Br. Prod. 150.— Rhizome tufted. Fronds

linear-lanceolate, 6 in. to 1 ft. long, 1 to žin. broad, entire the greater

part of theirlength and tapering into a long point, often proliferous at

the end, usually broken up in the lower part into a few obovate or

oblong laterally adnate eee the midrib scaly — radere as

well as the stipes. Veins very oblique, simple or forked. Sori DM

ce in length, often iare in. the midrib, rarely ihe margin.—Hoo

Filie. iii. 92, Syn. Filic. 194, Ic. Pi. t. 914; Hook. and der

ia ilic. t. 220; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 130.

Queensland. Shaded woods, Moncton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller and

others ; Ben ve the Dee Hn Bou

Grose River, R. Pa : Blue’Mountains, Woolls ; Macleay and

Bellinger Rivers. C. Moore Riora Biver Dargan.

Var, ar, multilobum, F. Muell. The greater part of the frond broken up into segments,

but ending in the long entire point of A. attenuatum.—4. Eran, var. Prentice’, Bak.

Syn. Fil. 508. — Logan Dist istrict, Prentice ; Richmond River, €. Moo

. A, Trichomanes, Linn. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 136, po ee

196 6, Brit. Ferns, t. 29.— A small neat tufted fern. Fronds 2 to 6 in.

high, simply pinnate, | ^ e rhachis slender, epo: black. "Ping

ines a more or less too

E Sori several on es pinna,

ung, uniting in a sur mass when old.— Hook

145; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 131.

N. NS Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains A. Cunningham,

Grampians, Robertson ; Moun t Aberdeen, Buffalo Ranges, Upper

EX Rives OM Land, F. Mueller, ue

Tasm Clifts of rocks by the ' Acheron and Franklin Rivers, Gunn.

ion linear am distinct when

. Fl. Tasm

Dispersed over the temperate regions of the Northern e Southern

hemispheres in aj New and the Old World, and in some mountainous districts

within the tropi

5. A. flabellifolium, Cav. ook. Spec. Filie. iii. 146, Syn.

Filie. 195, Exot. Fl. t. 208.— bizome tufted. Fronds weak, strag-

a few in. to 1 ft. long, simply pinnate.

te orbicular or fan-shaped,

746 CXLVIT. FILICES. [ Asplenium.

pinnately diverging from a short midrib often piden at the base

into three nearly equal branches. Sori sev orang each pinna, linear

when young, often confluent when old.—R Lr 150; Sieb. Fl.

Mixt. n. 236; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 145; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 131.

sages Dal Creek, Hartmann.

N. Wales. Port i Jackson, to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. Cunning-

ham an thers; New England, C. Stuart; ies ce and Hastings Rim Beckler,

veins ; Illawarra ome DIRE hg gham, Johnson.

oria. Numerous localities from Melbourne and the Grampians to Gipps'

Tand, Ter a F. “Maller and others.

"Port Da lrymple R. Brown; abangan in most parts of the island,

Sa in ernie or stony Ter ctn J. D. Hook

. Australia. Lucky Bay, R. Brown ; King George’ s Sound and neighbouring

districts, Oldfield and several (iius

Also in New Zealand.

6. A. paleaceum, A Prod. 150.—Rhizome tufted. Fronds

decumbent, 6 in. to 1 ft. Pul simply pinnate, sometimes proliferous

at the end, the stipes rhachis and often the principal veins scaly-

hirsute. Pinnæ shortly petiolate, ovate ovate-lanceolate or fan-shaped,

mostly 4 to $ in. long, irregularly denticulate and sometimes obscurely

3-lobed, prominently striate with the radiating forked veins more or

less joining in a midrib. Sori linear, often long but not reaching the

midrib.—Hook. E Eper Filic. iii. 162, t. 199, Syn. Filie. 208 ; F. Mue

Da v. 131.

Queensland. Broad Sound, R. Brown; Frankland Islands, M‘Gillivray ; b di

Perodua, N. Taylor ; , Rockingha am Bay, Dallaehy ; Rockhar npton, Bowm

O Shanesy, Thozet.

7. A. falea

[OE tufted. "Fro nds from “under 1 o 2 ft. t. high eluding the

Pinn ly pet de oblique, la i nceo! e, acuminate, serrulate, a

rm more or less di pee dr y short broad dentate lobes

metimes auriculate , 1} to 4 in. long, MOM pro-

s uell. agm. v.

audatum, Forst. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. iii. 152, Um Filic. 209, at least

as to the Australian specimens.

ensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller ;

Roc pton, O'Shanesy; Rockingham Bay, Dailachy, with very long po oints to the

pinne.

N. S. Wales. Newcastle, R. Brown; New England, C. Stuart : Armidale,

Perrott ; Macleay and Hastings Rivers, Beckler ; Ric quen River, Mrs. Hodgkinson ;

Illawarra, Shepherd ; Lord Howe’s Island, C. Moore, Fullagar

Widely spread we tropical Africa, Asia, the Pacific Islands and New Zealand.

Beddome, Ferns S. Ind. t. 141 sey 143, figures A. fateatum and A, caudatum

Set a A AOE it,

;

Aspleniwm. | CXLVII. FILICES. 147

from specimens much more paleaceous than any Australian ones, but all appear to

represent one speci

8. A, obtusatum, Forst. ; P ake Filic. ii. 96, Syn. Filic.

207, Filic. Exot. t. 46.—Rhizome Y caly. Fronds 6 in. to about

1 ft. high, the rhachis and stipes ias rather thick, glabrous or

sparingly scaly. Pinne coriaceous, shortly petiolate, in the typical

form obliquely oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 4 to 1i in. long,

regularly crenate-toothed, and from that in some varieties E Qo.

late, 3 to 5 in. long, toothed or pinnatifid. Veins from the midrib

oblique and forked. Sori oblong-linear, not reac ing the margin,

usually several on each fide. of the midrib oblique equal p parallel.—

Labill. Pl. Noy. Holl. ii. 93, t. 242; R. Br. Prod, 150; Hook. f. FI.

Tasm. ii. 145; A. picis Forst. ; . Labill. 1. c. 93, t. 242; A. lucidum,

Forst.; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 146.

ire 7 1 » me as Dalrymple, R. Brown ; very abundant, especially on maritime

Var. difforme. Pinne very obtuse, more or less pinnatifid.—4. difforme,

E sd m Filic. 2. 119, Fl. Mixt. n 207. à

EM Ss. W Port Jackson, close to the sea, Woolls ; Port Macquarrie, C.

oore ; Gene, River, Woolls.

Var. lucidum. se obtuse, lanceolate, 2 to 5 in. long, ees serrulate, with

very numerous strc sori.--Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore, Ful

Var. incisum. Pinnæ lanceolate, 3 to 5 in. ts deeply bae with a sorus

0n each segment. EPRA Howe's Island, Fulag:

The species isalso in New Zealand and in toad South America. It is

reduced by F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 132, to the Euro aiii n A. marinum, a union which

Pteridologists are not penerally disposed to sanction.

R. Br.

9. A. Hookerianum, Colens.; Hook. Spec. Filie. iii. pe .

Filic. 213.—A small t tufted fern, ' Fronds rarely abov long,

lightly scaly-

art of the frond 4 to 1 in. long,

N. S. Wales. ames diver Johnson, & bec specimen peris refer-

rible ioi this ad cn but un

Vi Upp E Hund fiver at an elevation of 4000 ft. and Colac Ranges

ictoria.

F. Mueller,

Also in New Zealand.

A. furcatum, Thunb. s k. Spee. e iii. 165, Syn.

Filie 214.—Rhizome thick, dark M scaly-hairy. Fro nds 6 to

18 in, high, pinnate or bipinnate, slightly scaly-hairy. Pinnz lanceo-

748 CXLVII. FITICES. [Asplenium

late, mostly 1} to 2 in. long, deeply pinnatifid or pinnate ; segments

varying from eee ete toothed and confluent to linear-cuneate

distinct and deeply 2- to 4-lobed, the segments or lobes all coriaceous,

denticulate at the end, striate with few diverging veins. Sori

large.—Bedd. Ferns S. Didia; t. 144; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 131; A.

premorsum, Swartz; R. Br. Prod. 150

N. S. Wales. Grose River, R. arpi M Calvert.

Victoria. Darlot's Creek, Grampians, 4

WV. Australia. King Geo eee oand eds eight ing districts, Drummond, n.

949, Preiss n. 1301, sae eel F. Mue

Widely Vra ira valga America, tropical and southern Africa xui the Pacific

Islands. The rn specimens have the segments of the pinnules narrow and dis-

tinct, in those fone Ni S. Wales they are broader and more confluent, but all appear

to me: to the African and American species

Queensland. Endeavour River, 4. Cunningham; Rockingham Bay, W. Hill,

Dall: at Damir River, Fitzalan ; ; Fitzroy Island, M*Gillirra y, Walter.

n East tropical Asia, the Malayan Archipelago and South Nes I

and very — to the widely spread tropical A. cuneatum, Lam., to which F. M ata ^d

Fragm. v. 131, reduces it and from which it differs chiefly i in its much more compo

fronds.

T. IL. Darga. Sori oblong or linear, on a vein proceeding from

arallel to

Src

the midrib of the pinnæ as in Zuasplenium but on a brane p ards the

the margin of its teeth or lobes with the indusium opening tow:

margin 80 as to appear marginal.

12. A. bulbiferum, Forst. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. iii. 196, Le. PI. t.

423, Syn. Filic. 218. Rizomo thick. Fronds 1 to i ft. long, glabrous

Primary pi y 3 y. E

nnules lanceolate, mostly + t n. long, xad toothed lobe [

divided, with a single veinlet to eac h lobe or tooth; the whole frond as

well as each pinna ending in a ong ite toothed or lobed - point. =

, one to each lobe or tooth, xed to the central vein but the

rather rigid prominent indusium Steam = towards the upper r margin

so as to make the sorus appear marginal.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 146;

—

Asplenium. | OXLVIL. FILICES. 749

Cenopteris Ta biet Labill. Pl. Nov. Holl. ii. 94, t. 243 ; </splenium

laxum, R. Br. Prod. 151

S. Wal Blue a ns, A. Cunningham, Mrs, Calvert ; Macleay

Sry i Bellinger Riv ers, C. Moor nce River, Wilcox.

Mouth of the esu Allitt ; Dandenong Ranges, Sealer's Cove,

Apolo Bay, F. Muelle

a. Derwent River, A. Brown ; abundant in damp woods throughout

tis island, J J. D. Hooker.

S. Australia. Mount Gambier, F. Mueller ; Penola, Woods.

Bisex d over various tropical and southern extratropical regions of the New

and the Old World. Reduced by F. Mueller, Fragm. v. 132 with the following

Species. to varieties of 4. set deii from which they appear to me to differ essen-

po n the position of the as well as in the forms assumed by the

13. A. fiaccidum, Forst. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 205, d Filic.

222 -—Rhizome short and thick. Fronds from under 1 ft. to near

ft. or in "ponen is not Australian still longer, pale oe Glabicen

pinnate. Pinnæ coriaceous, narrow, 3 to 6 in. lon e barren ones

toothed, the fertile pinnately divided into linear lobes um 2 to 6 lin nes,

BE bearing a single rather large sorus attached to the central vein,

t the conspieuous indusium thrown over to the upper side so as

b appear marginal.—Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 146; A. odontites, R. Br.

rod. 151.

N. S. Wales. Port J: pose to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, A. a dee

Woolls ; New England, vt rt; Hastings = Dor: ce River,

eia Wil Bellinger Rive T, core; Ilaw pherd.

Vic Mount Disappointment and Sealer’s res F. Mueller

E. Not uncommon on exposed rocks, etc., J. D. Hooker.

Also in New Zealand.

A. pteridioides, Baker, Syn. Filic. 488. —Rhizome Puck and

eg Fronds broadly ovate- lanceolate in outline, 4 to 8 in. long, ¢

to 5 in. broad, gl: abrous, coriaceous, pinuate. Pinne bro dr lanceo-

late, again pinnate or deeply pinnatifid; segments from obovate to

linear-eu -euneate, i to 1 in. long, with few obtuse teeth or short lobes ;

Veins few, branching into the lobes. Sori linear, bordering the lobes on

a branch of the vein parallel to and very near the margin ; indusium

W, ive ep from the nerve and opening outwards towards the

N.S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore. Fullagar.

AcHYRIUM.—Sori small, often curved, mostly at the fork

Secr. III.

of veins proceeding from the midrib.

15. A. umbrosum, J. Sm. ; k. Spec. Filic. iii. 231, Syn. Falie.

229.— Fronds 3 to 5 ft. long, 1 to are ft. broad, twice or thrice aem

ply

. Pinnules membranous, lanceolate or oblong, 1 to 2 in. long, dee

750 . OXLVII. FILICES. [ Asplenium,

pinnatifid or smaller and pinnately toothed ; veins oblique, usually

forked, proceeding from the midrib into the lobes or teeth, free. So

small, oblong, usually on the vein below the fork or partly on one

fork and then slightly curved. Indusium membranous, proceeding

. . tener d. 2

mum Brownii, J. Sm. ; Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 978; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 147;

A. australe, Brackenr. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iii. 232 ; A. physosorus, Sieb.

Fl. Mixt. n. 268.

Queensland. Moreton Bay, F. Mueller ; Towomba, Hartmann,

ales. Paterson River, R. Brown; Blue Mountains, A. o

» O, Stua River, Beckler ; Cape Byron an

Tweed River, C. Moore, Guilfoyle ; Mawarra, Johnson. : as

ictoria. Dandenong Ranges, Boyle ; Broadribb and Snowy Rivers, F. Mueller ;

Cape Howe, JWalter.

Tasmania, Nelson ; not rare in dense shaded forests, J. D. Hooker.

Ranges over tropical Africa and Asia and is also in Norfolk Island and New

Zealand.

Secr. TV. Drerastum.—Sori linear along veins pinnately diverging

from the central vein to each lobe of the pinnule. Indusium grs

opening, in the same frond, sometimes on one side sometimes on the

other or on both sides of the nerve.

16. A. japonicum, Thunb.; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 234.—

Rhizome Teen creeping. Fronds pinnate, 1 to 14 ft. long. €

i to 4 in. long, deeply pinnatifid, the lower segments € mg

the shortly scaly-hirsute rhachis, Sori usually rather shorter t

A, syleaticum.

OM i imen in Herb. F. Mueller, without the

ede de ride ss oca The species is east Asiatic, extending to

South China and Japan.

17. A. sylvatieum, Presl; Hook. Spec. Filie, iii, 248, Syn. Filie

of i * -

ally smaller and more entire, the uppermost semi-decurrent or com

fluent.—Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 161.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

Extends over tropical Africa and Asia including the Malayan Archipelago.

Aspleniwm.| CXLVITt. FILTCES. 75i

po Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, DallacAy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Wal Richmond River, C. Moore (referred in Syn. Filic. 234 to A,

Ee. Metten. under the impression that the specimens sent were de fronds)

acleay River, Fitsgerald ; Tweed River, Guilfoyle.

Common in East India.

19. A. polypodioides, Wetten.; Hook. Spec. Filic. ii. 257, Syn.

Filic. 238. — Tronk erect, attaining sometimes 3 or 4 ft. Fronds

bipinnate, several feet long, 1 to 2 ft. roa the stipes ps rhachis with-

out scales. Secondary pinne mostly 3 to 4 in. long, lanceolate, shortly

eret acuminate, more or less deeply vinpátild towards the =

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, growing frequently in water, Dallachy ;

Daintree River, Fitzalan ; pum A Creek, Hartmann,

Spread over East India and the Malayan Archipelago.

20. A, melanochlamys, Hook. Spec. Filie. iii. 259, Syn. Filie. 239.

—Trunk unknown. Fronds Ep 6 * long and 1 to 2 ft. broad,

ceding spec es. “Secondary M^ denis it MA gments from

oblong rounded and under , to lanceolate and a e1 in. long and

then usually crenate with a i uo opposite pate us. Sori and

indusia linear, very conspieuous from their dark almost black colour,

* ltt S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, M'Gillivray, Milne, C. Moore, and

. A. decussat Swartz; Hook. Spec. Filie. iii, 270, Syn.

Filie. 243.—Trunk erect, ay on ds 3 to 4 ft. long, pinnate with

only, lanceolate, ‘acuminate, 6 in. to near 1 ft. long, 1 to 1i in.

792 CXLVII. FILICES. [Asyleniuim.

broad, shortly dentate or some of the larger ones pinnatifid or almost

innate. Primary veins proceeding oblique y from the midrib to the

teeth orlobes, with secondary obliquely pinnate veinlets often anasto-

mosing. Sori linear, on pepe sa} vesniony with the single or

EE Ailia Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Also in tropical Africa, the Malayan Archipelago and Pacific Islands.

31. CYSTOPTERIS, Bernh.

oo ferns, with twice or thrice pinnate fronds, with small dentate

ents. Veins forked or pinnate, with free venules. Sori sma all,

SAU. attached to the concave base of an ovate indusium fixed on a

-venule at a distance from the margin.

small genus spread over the temperate or mountain regions of both the northern

ad southern ry uei the only Australian species the no common. in the

general area of the g It is gen erally placed — Davallia on account : the

— es atthe position of the sori and the texture and od

nce of ity gei in which t spore-cases

an e frequently pen in que to the A uc though never holly so as mM

Cystopteris

fragilis, Bernh. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. i. 197, Brit. Ferns, t. 93,

sy. Pili 103.—Rhizome creeping, scaly. Fronds usually 6 to 9 in.

on a slender stipes without scales. Segments ovate or lanceolate,

piunatifid or dentate, with obtuse lobes or teeth. Sori several on eac

segment, at first enclosed in the indusium which is small and thin in

the rede AES and soon ow under the enlarged

globular sori. —Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 136, t. Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind.

1.91 (the pens in all the figures be er he in any Tasman:

specimens) ; C. tasmanica, Hook. ‘Spee. Filic. i. 199, le. Pl. t. 959.

Tasmania. Moist rocks, Mount Olympus and Lake St. Clair, Gunn.

32. ASPIDIUM, Swartz.

Rhizome thick and shortly erect or creeping. Fronds once twice oF

thrice pinnate, rarely in species not Australian, simple. Sori orbicular,

ventosa gee variously dispersed over the under suriace. Iudusium

orbicular, covering = sorus when young, nttahed by the centre Of

by a point or in a sinus on one si e, that hen opened all

mund by UE growth of the spore-cases it pow an or more

4spidium.] CXLVII. FILICES. 753

A page genos, distributed over avery part of the globe sioe njia to oprana

with nearly as great a variety of division and ven the fron g only

L BRA of an indusium which in several n 1 pp is f

= 16 Australian species ha very general distribution in the New and the

nod seven d to itho Old World, chie yin the Pacific

thr remaining ones are as faras yan endem

Fronds pinnate, with numerous nearly equal pinnze articu-

late on a long rhachis. Soriinar regular row close to or

s not far from the margin (Nephro lepis).

man rather rigid, obliquely araeir or cordate at the

Pinna rarely above 1 in. long, vec cordate . I eer iria

xm æ 2 to 5 in., obliquely t truncate atthe base . "EO ER AD.

inn; membranous, n and tapering "e the base on

3. A. ramosum.

1 each lobe, the vein inlets under adjoining

ting uniting in a vein leading to the sinus (Nephro-

dium

Lower e ees pepe cim the others.

Sori ro the ns of the lobes sands

A. A. unitum.

inued di 5. A. pteroides.

Bowie ore g ny Bes de sexe and dist

"nsa rarely above 2 ft. long. Lobes of med pinne

r obtuse or acute

Fronds ofin 4 to à ft. long. " Lobes of the pinnæ » broad,

Fro à obtuse or trunca

aes deeply pinnatifid or pinnate, with roticulately veined

6. A. molle.

1. A. truncatum.

Fr enia 8. A. confluens.

onds fite or thrice pinnate with lobed r toothed seg-

Anier dusium usually peltate (Polys ichum).

tipes very shag Se dats d lool, arn

toothed, with an angular lobe 9. A. aculeatum.

Stipes Tor scaly. diese ments ancecte e, pinnalifd or

pinn pe mostly ari 10. A. aristatum.

Segments Pian ar eu det pod mm toothed “lobed

F r pinnate . 11. A. capense.

ronds bia. or thrice pinnate with lobed or toothed

segmen ndusium usually reniform, often very

small id soon disappearing, sometimes abortive

trea

Fronds glabrous or pubescent.

Segmen: nr prai uu obtusely toothed or lobed. :

Bor lines at the upper end . 12. A. apicale.

Boguenia 4 "ids. toothed or lobed. Sori near the

Segments acutely toothed or r pinnatifid. Sori near the

13. A. decompositum.

14. A. tenerum.

Pinne and pinnules "ciliate with "white hairs or ;

bristles . 15. A. tenericaule,

Stipes and principal rhachis hispid with t g i

urs ents ac

ba bristles — yel A 16, A. hispidum.

VOL. VII,

794 OXLVII. FILICES. [ Aspidium.

weak, simply pinnate. Pinne very numerous and mauan approxi-

mate, nearly sessile but articulate on the rhachis, oblong, ro

usually denticulate at the end, 2 to 1 in. long, obliquely Aber at the

base with the upper aiviele muc h the largest, gradually Btkisor at the

nating each lower branch, forming a row at some distance from the

margin. Indusium orbicular, very prominent, attached in a deep sinus

or rarely peltate.— Nephrolepis cordifolia, Presl; Hook. and Bak. Syn.

Filic. 800 ; Aspidium tuberosum, Bory ; F. Muell. Tagi v. 136; Ne-

anz tuberosa, Presl; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 151; Bedd. Ferns 8.

Ind. t. 92.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Daillachy ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, W.

Hill, F. Mueller

N. S. W Wales. Clarence River, Beckler ; Richmond River, C. Moore, Mrs. Hodg-

kinson; Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore, Fulla agar.

Spread over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World.

exaltatum, Swartz, E Filie. 45.—Fronds w eak, often

fnm tose. Pinus very n merous, nearly sessile but articulate on - :

rhachis, initiate, io acuminate and crenate, obliquely truncate

and barren. Sori terminating one branch of the veins, for ee

regular row usually close to the margin. Indusium orbicula, ud» 7

attached in a deep sinus or sometimes peltate and opening all rou er

—F. Muell. Fragm. v. 136; ; Nephrodium exaltatum, R. Br. Prod. 14

ae exaltata, Schott ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 152, Syn.

ilic. 301

WN. Australia. abajn n Parai Liverpool River, Gulliver. Daemel ;

Queensland. Port B R. Brown, Cunningham; Cape Ld Bay,

York Peninsula, N. Taylor + ndum Rivé , A. Cunning gham ; Roc Kingham Bay,

W. Hill, Dallachy ; Daintree River and Port Denison, pie alan ; Gilbert ,

Daintree ; islan ds off the coast, M'Gillivray, Thozet and othe

ies xm over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World.

pinna, Larger pinns 6 in. long, 1 to 3 $ in. broad, with the row of sori at

score distance from the margin.—N orth coast, M* Kinlay y ; Rockingham Bay,

: ,A- ramo osum, Beauv. Fl. Ow. et Ben. ii. 93, t. 91 1.—Rhu e

slender, scaly, creeping up TU stems of trees to a great length. Fron

weak, varying from a few inches to above 1 ft. long. Pinne vanr

Sigmy oblong, obtuse, crenate, very oblique a ne the base, articu ges

on the rhachis, the lower side narrowed the upper broadly trunca

Aspidium.) OXLVII. FILICES. 758

and often aurieulate, 1 in. si and 3 to 4 lines broad in the larger

fronds 4 in. long and 1 to lines broad in the smaller ones, with

every intermediate we Veins diverging from the midrib once or

twice forked. Sori in a regular row between the midrib and the

sometimes peltate.—JVephrolepis ramosa, T. Moore; Hook. an

Syn. Filie. 301; MA obliteratum, R. Br. Prod. 148; Aspidium

obliteratum, Spreng. Syst. iv. 99; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 135; Nephro-

lepis obliter rata, Hook. Spec. "Filie iv. 154 ; Bedd. Ferns fe Ind. > zi,

Polypodium ? ‘Beckions Hook. Spee. Filic. iv.

Bo. Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 50 ; N. prs PALIN Tit l. e. BL "€

ea nsland. Endeavour nid Banks and Solander, A. Cunning VES Cape

i ork Peninsula, Hahn’s eng as Tayl wee it ckingham Bay, Dallachy ; Dain-

ree River, e salan; Mer e Cre ck Hartm

Now N. Cap n, T'weed, Bellinger 'and Richmond Rivers, C. Moo

ed aiid, A Stuart; Mamas River, Pe de ; Berrima and Illawarra, Macar sint;

A Moore &nd.

Spread over tropical Africa and Asia and the Pacific Islands.

4 unitum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. 47.—Rhizome stout, ereeping.

Fronds 1 to 2 ft. long on a stipes often as long, simply pinnate, pu-

6 i

sinus. Bori at the end nt the ve einlets forming usually a elose row g

the margin of the lobes. Indusium ae or al

peltate, very small and soon disappearing.—F. Mue

gae odium unitum, R. Br. Pr od. 148; N. propinquum, R. Br. Le:

ook, Spec. Filie. iv. 79

N. sore alia. Near Providence Hill, F. Mueller.

Que nd. Endeavour River, Banks and Solander ; Lizard Island, M‘ Gillivra, E

York Peninsula N. Taylor ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Denison n, Fitzala

ckhampton, Thozet ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. Cunningham, F. Mueller.

ales. Port Jackson, A. Cunningham; New England C. Stuart ;

Tweed Ri River, C. Moore; Richmond River, Mrs Hodgkinson ; also in Leichhardt’s

w. Bais, Drummond, n. 400.

idely spread over Sore . aie and Asia and closely allied to the common

tropical American A. serr Brown restricted the n me of t s tum he the ege

form to which belong a div oft the Queensland odas. io shed the mi

or less pubescent one which is the most common, as ropa eme ose"

apparently only on the single specimens of each in Herb.

. A. pteroides, Swartz, Sy». Filie. 47. —Nearly allied t

hn with the same pinnatifid pinne and venation. ug crue

38c2

756 CXLYI1L FILICES. [Aspidium.

glabrous or minutely pnbescente Pinne membranous, usually 6 to 8

in. long and about $ in. broad, mostly petiolate, the lower ones scarcely

smaller, the lobes HUS about $ way to the midrib. Sori rather

large, in close marginal row 4 Indusium orbicular-reniform.— Nephro-

dium terminans, Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 73 ; JV. pteroides, J. Sm. ; Hook.

and Bak, Syn. Filic. 289.

Queensland, Rockingham Bay, Dal/achy,

Spread over tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands,

6. A. molle, Swartz, Syn. Filic. 49.—Rhizome short and thick.

Fronds 1 to 2 ft. long on a stipes often as long, simply pinnate,

glabrous or hirsute, usually of a light green. Pinnze penes the

longer ones 3 to 6 in. long or even more, often acuminate, regularly

dA Sem the lobes sometimes short sometimes reaching above halfway

to the midrib, the pinne truncate at the base, mostly sessile, the

a vein ten o the sinus, Sori usually in a row about halfway

between the midrib of the lobe and the margin. Indusium orbicular-

reniform, soon disappearing.—F. Mu Fragm. v. 135; Polypodium

molle, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 640; Nephrodium molle, rod. 149;

a Spec. Filic. iv. 67, Syn. Filic. 293; Bedd. Ferns S. Ind.

N. ae Johnstone Bist Gulliver,

Quee York Pen N Taylor; Rockingham Bay, y. Hil,

Dali leche aue Woolis ; "2n MCulivra ; Port Denison and Daintree

d Fitzalan ; Éoskbimitoi: onec. O Shanesy ; Moreton Bay, £F. Mueller, C.

N.S Wales. Blue Mountains, R. Brown ; New England, C. Stuart ; Hastings,

Macleay and Clarence Rivers, Beckley and others ; Richmon d River, Mrs. Hodgkin-

son ; Iawarrå, Johnson ; Lord Howe’s Island, C. M.

Var. didymosorus. Soril or 2 to each lobe and only at the junction of the low est

veinlets of adjoining lobes.— NepArodium didi ymosorum, Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t.

200.—Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

The genus is spread over tropical Asia and Africa and the Pacific Islands.

7. A. truncatum, Gaudich. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 332, t. 10.—Very

closely allied to A. molle, and difficult to distinguish by any positive

characters. Usually a larger plant, the fronds often 4 or 5 ft. high and

sometimes more, the larger pinne 6 in. to 1 ft. long, the lobes more

obtuse, often quite truncate.— Nephrodium truncatum, Presl; Hook.

and Bak. Syn. Filic. stg N. abruptum, Presl; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv.

= t. ^ Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 86 $ Aspidium extensum, F. Mu ell,

F . Y. 135, but scarcely of Blume.

is poten dou rt Sag à from Rockingham Bay is referred here by Baker but

Aspidiumn.] CXLYIL. FILICES. 757

N. S. Wales. Duck Creek, Richmond River, C. Moore; Tweed River,

Guilfoyle.

Also in tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands.

when perfect rather large, orbicular, peltate or on the same frond

attached by a deep sinus.—Wephrodium confluens, F. Muell. ; ;

and Bak. Syn. Filic. 504; 4. melanocaulon, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 133, not

N. Australia. Johnstone River, Gulliver. : à

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan ; York

Peninsula, X. Taylor.

t. 10 to 12, Syn. Filic. 252.—Rhizome short and thick. Fronds 1 to 2

rt of the stipes and the whole frond

the upp i

Sori usually 6 to 8 on each pinnule.—F. Muell. Fragm. v. 13 ; Siel re

S ilie. n. 104; 4. proliferum, R. Br. Prod. 147 ; Polystichum vesti-

Queensland. Head of Dalrymple Creek, Hartmann. 2

n S. Wales. Port sae Woolls ; cheated ues Beckler ; Richmond

iver, C. Moore; Macleay River Fitzgerald ; Iawarra, Johnson.

" oria. From Portland and the Grampians to Gipps Land, F. Mueller and

Others, : 1 :

g asmania, Derwent River, R. Brown; abundant in subalpine situations, J. D.

ooker,

In most temperate and subtropical regions of the globe.

10. A. aristatum, Swartz ; Hook. Spec. Filie. M 27, e

RE . high, broadly ovate-triangular in outine, tW.

Sess chai glide et eeu innate at the base, firm but thin,

-hairy at the base. Pinnules or

ate; 4 to 1 in. long, narrowed

nd by a few teeth ending in

pinnate or the lower pinnæ again p

ght green and glossy, the stipes scaly

segments very obliquely oblong or lanceol,

or cuneate at the base, bordered at the e

758 CXLVII. FILICES. [Aspidium.

bristle-like points. Veins forked, diverging from the midrib. Sori

small, not numerous, loosely arranged in 2 rows. Indusium small,

iar. reniform.— uell. Fragm. v. 134; Lastrea aristata,

Moore ; Bail. Queensl. Ya. 49.

^g rein Rockingham Bay, Daliachy yi ; Port Denison, Fitzala T

ales. New En gland, C. Stuart (with fronds vut pena ; Hastings

River, yon Tweed River, Guilfoyle ; Ghiwant a, C. Moo

Spread over Eastern Asia from the Himalayas to Japan, in the Pacific Islands

and South Africa

1l. A. capense, Willd. ; Hook. and ir Syn. Filic. 254.—Rhizome

creeping. Fronds from under 1 ft. to 2 ft. high, usually broad, pers.

the pese and rhaebis more or less ici) mostly twice pinnate but t

smaller ones occasionally simply pinnate. Pinne coriaceous, lanceola i.

bbotiied c or pinnatifid, with reticulate veins concealed in the thick tissue.

Sori often large, 1 to each tooth or lobe. Indusium peltate and rigid,

but fallen away from old sori. a capense, Linn.; Aspidium

coriaceum, Swartz; Hook. Spec. Fili 82. R. Br. Prod. 148;

F. Muell. Fragm. v. 134; Polystichum —— Schott ; Hook. f. Fl.

Tasm. ii. 148.

S. Wales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, Woolls ; E River.

Reel: Twofold Bay, F. Mu elie Lord Howe s Islan M, e. with

a large variety with compound fron and a very ereta rhac

pe toria. Mount Di Loci E Apollo Day, F. Muelle ; Cape Howe,

alter.

Tasmania. Derwent River, R. Brown; not uncommon in forests, etc.,

J. D. Hooker

Generally ase over the tropical and southern extratropical regions of the

globe. :

12. A. apicale, Baker.—Fronds in general outline and division those

ofthe larger broader specimens of ecompositum, twice or thrice

pinnate with pinnatifid pinnules, but of a firmer texture. Segments

obtusely toothed or lobed, with 1 or 2 sori on the longer teeth forming

usually a marginal line round the upper part of the segment. Veins

pinnate with free venules. ae orbicular-reniform, much e

and more potent than in any variety o p decompositum, OF

tenerum.—Nephrodiwn ils Bak. Syn. Filic.

N. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore.

thick or longer and creeping. Fronds Vemm or ‘the rhachis eid ,

i in size an

primary ner bescent, very variable in size a utline, the

smaller ones ovate-lanceolate, 6 in. to near 1 ft. long, on a stipes o

nearly as long, pinnate with nical pinuatifd pinne, the — pu

twice as long, much broader in panty and thrice pinnate

“and: - pinne ending in a narrow pinnatifid apex. Pinnules or

Aspidiwn.] CXLVII. FILICES. 739

segments lanceolate, 2 to 3 lines broad,

> pinnately toothed or lobed,

pe cedes or mucronate and the margin of’ the lobes usually

of E ike. Veins pinnate, more or less divided ‘ccording to the pg

oa y pinnules, Sori usually 1 or 2 to each principal lobe

E E from the midrib. ^ Indusium Min ERU c et

mem . ^ "d the sorus enlarges, and sometimes perhaps deficient from

cedes $49 Muell. Fragm. v. 186; JVephrodium decompositum, R, Br.

E 9; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 146, Syn. Filic. 281; Hook. f. Fl.

i. 149, Fl. N. Zel- t. 79; Lastrea decomposita, Presl; Bail.

Queens]. Ferns, 49,

Queensland. Bro ur Sound,

Brown; Rockingham and Cleveland Ba

Een; Bowen, Woolls ; Br isbane vive. Moreto n vita Fraser, C. Stuart ; Rock:

pton e rgi eat in South Queensland, Zhozet others.

kson to the Blue Mountains, R. D. Brow nand others; New

ia C. y» t; Hastings, Macleay and Clar ence Rivers, Beckler ; Richmond

x rs. Ho dg kinson ; Tweed River, Guilfoyle; Tlawarra, 4. Cunningham,

Wannon River, Robertson ; numerous localities from Dandenon and

Western P Pot to Genoa River, F. Mueller and others. =

» mania, Woods around Hobarton, anid J. D. Hooker ; Cuming's Head,

Stuart.

S. Australia. Penola, Woods.

Also in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands,

Some pera with small fronds and broader, more pianos pars ous and less acu

Men odium rufescens, Blume,

eus iri 'The supposed Australian specimens of that species are undoub btedly

errible to .4. den and Nephrodium lancilobum, Ba Syn. Filic. ince.

App ii E me to be inseparable from the larger more divided specimens of the

14. A, tenerum, Spreng. Syst. iv. 109. — Very near A. decompositum

and varies like it in the fronds tates or Lage Dosen with the lobes

or teeth acute, but the pinnules and segments are more re lar and

or dentate, the artic! branche

more regularly pinnately lobed

dn much more numerous, and the sori are close to the in ata

stance from the midrib.—Nephrodium tenerum, R. Br. Pr sy 149.

Elliott, ers ; Mount

Queens Keppell Bay, A. = own 5 Brian t

Mueller, D Dailey ; Rockhampton n, Bow Bay, C. Stua

Fi Richm 3 Kiven, Henderson Jins. Hodgkinson ; 7 gellinger River,

itsgerald ; Tweed River, Gare yle

15. A, tenericaule, Thw. Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 393. C E short and

ronds 1 to 3 ft, long on a stipes of 1 to 2 ft.,

in.

decurrent, ciliate on the margins as W

rhachis with rigid white hairs or bristles. Veins bra

but Sori 1 1 to6 in each lobe, small and distinct with few spore-

760 OXLVII. FILICES. { Aspidium.

cases, or larger and confluent. Indusium very small and ouly to be

seen on young sori.— uell. Fragm. v. 183; Nephrodium tenericaute,

Dh Spec. aet p^ m t. 269 ; Aspidium ped Kunze in

Linnea, xx. 6; Met n Ann, Mus. Lugd. Bat. i. 229; Lastrea

flaccida, Bedd. Foras S. maet t. 99; Nephrodium iii nd Bak. Syn.

Filic. 284.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy ; Bowen, Woolls ; Daintree

t Fitzalar an.

. S. Wales. Clarence Rivet, Herb. F. Mueller.

Spread over tropical Asia from Ceylon and the Archipelago to Japan and the

Pacific Islands,

. A. hispidum, Swartz, Syn. Fil. 56.—Rhizome thick, a

on with brown scales. Fronds 1 to 2 ft. long, broa ly ovate or

es and primary and secondary rhachis hispid with long fine spreading

darieealoured hairs or bristles. Pinnules lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid,

1 to 1 in. long, deeply and sharply toothed. Veins solitary to each lobe

or tooth. Sori solitary on the smaller segments or ve Indusium

TAE m by a lateral sinus or almost peltate—F. Muell.

Fragm 3; Nephrodium hispidum, Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 150, Syn.

Filic. 386 ; Frida setosum, Schkubr, Filic. t. 49.

Victoria. Cape Otway Ranges, Wilkinson.

Also in New Zealand.

33. POLYPODIUM, Linn.

Rhizome creeping in all the Aone species, with small brown

scales with a bro it: cage x pene and more or less acute or subulate

points. Fronds simple pinnate or cones und. Sori orbicular very

rey noong, ean U aati over the under barika without any

usium

A large genus distributed over every part of the globe er e coldest or high

alpine regions. Ofthe 24 Australian species, 12 belong t e Indo-A Australian d

region extending over the Malayan Archipelago, cae or less o ast India and the

Pacific Islands, a fw. of them also African d. none of them identified with American

ies, Z oe ie or the South P. acific Islands or in both, 2 more are

common to New Zealand and the extreme dies of America, the remaining 3 8 ppear

en i

[ER

In the Australian species, eie the frond is small, the creeping rhizomes usually

form dense matted patches on rocks and trunks of trees, in the larger species the

rhizome often ciiips dolio Seuthe of verdes. dom ngth. tn spe species the

stipes is more or less distinctly articulate on the rhizom

Serres I. Dianeura.— eins diverging from the midrib sis or branched, =

— not anastomosing. Sori terminating or near the of one Lima:

Polypodium. } CXLVIII. FILICES.

gre ‘tala lame entire or pinnatifid, posing or ciliate-

airy, the venation usually concealed in the thick

> ture of th re (Eupol lypodium

e 0

Fronds entire, os TO Sori opens or "linear. . . L £ austr e

Fronds cat "vq with long bro airs . Hooker

Fronds pinn with short Linosa entire lobes . 3. P blochnoides.

Sse pint with linear dentate or Dingen

lobes 4. P. grammitidis.

(No P Aspidia, )

Fronds pinnate, with numerous err me articu-

late on the rhachis (Arthropteris) .

(See sect. Nephrolepis of A disk.

5. P. tenellum.

Fronds decompound, twice se thrice pee: with mua

tifid pinnules (Phegopteris) . :

(See sect. Lastrea of dapib.

6. P. punctatum.

Sers IL, Synneura.— Branches of parallel primary veins uniting but not

reticulate,

ronds Pinne broadly crenate or equally

aka a with a pinnate vein le ading to e Be lobe,

the veinlets M adjoining lobes beige in an

roii rmediate ale ae the us (Gonio-

Fronds ds spreading, proliferous. Pinnw 1 to 4 in. long.

efly near the gre car .OT. P. proliferum.

Fronds un erect, Eo 12 in. ` Sori i in 2 par-

allel rows between o n = uy véni 0*9 T P. urophyllum.

Fronds erect, densely villous MES . P. Hill,

(See also sect. po of du

Fronds and venation of use: goat E that

branches of the primary v ose bat dd

not form a parallel atout vida Vs . . 10. P, pacilophMebium.

Sers Ill. Dictyoneura—Venation reticulate between mor? or less distinctly

parallel prim ar y pen with a small free usually clavate veinlet in a few or in many of

the areole. Sori on the free or on the connecting veinlets

Fronds coriaceous, entire or "o forked, covered with

d hairs = scales, the fertile ones narrow, the

ort and broad. Tome D concealed

barr

in the > thick texture (Niphobol

ds undei Sori athe largo, irre irregular]

_ Scales dense - - ll. P. serpens.

Fronds6 in. to 2 ft. long Sori ma = sgt

ws. es

"M den sely crowded in à he aie p plode

Fronds wi vihon stellate scales. Sori large and distant in

w (or 2 in P. planets on each side

of the eee is sien pus-

tule on the upper peu pote P. simplicissimum)

(Goniophlebium Phymatodes).

762 CXLYII, FILICES.

Fronds long and narrow, entire or crenate,

Fronds coriaceous smooth and shining, the venation

concealed in the texture

pe dtr membranous, the larger v veins con-

Fronds deeply pinnatifid with long segments con-

a broad wing to the rhachis

igh.

egments membranous, s showin g the veins, 6 in. to

1 E e to l3 in, broad, with narrow

Sogments smooth, the veins inconspicuous, 4 to 8

Aes

;4 to 12 in. br

Fronds andis Bela 1j ft. high.

ments rather rm, showi ies the pony veins,

3 to 3

in. lon 4 to 8 li ines bro

ET membranous, smooth, ihe: veins scarcely

nspicuous, rarely above 3 in, long

vem pinnate, the ones æ articulate on the rhachis

ast when fertile.

ka pte ta ic 6 = 8 in, Be ng d + to 1 in. broad,

a eet S the bas

Pinne 3 to 6 in. long, 31 5 lines. “broad, serrate,

trunca te or auriculate vita bas

Pinne rigid, 3 to 9 in. cort a broad,

ong a at the base, Barren fronds sessile, short

roa

vien without stellate scales. Sori irregularly scat-

= in several rows, with a very hs or no

Fronde: entire, “long and broad. Sori numerous and

mall

diego deeply pee with long segments confluent

oad wing to the rhachis. Sori larg

poe ea

modo inconspicuous Single free veinlets in

al areolæ. oo prominent on the

eh urface

Aapan conspicuous. Sori the junction of 2

ets. Nosingle free cad

ronda d vnd pinna ri numerous and small.

Barren fronds sessile, short and broad .

(See also sect. Sagenia in Aspidium.)

Serres I. DrANEURA.— Veins pinnate, . the venules diverging from 3

a midrib, simple or forked, the bikuebee fre

ple branch or fork, the other fork often "ERA ‘forked.

1. P. australe, Metten; Hook. Spec. Filie. iv. 167, Syn. Filic.

322.— Fronds eùtire, coriaceous, glabrous, linear or oblanceolate, usually

3 or 4 in. long but on high mountains reduced to about } in., or when

uxuriant above 6 in., obtuse, re bein into a short stipes.

iverging from the midrib, once or twice forked, free, but con-

[.Polypodium.

14. P. attenuatum.

15, P. simplicissimum.

16. P. nigrescens.

17. P. phymatodes.

18. P. pustulatum.

19. P. scandens.

20. P. verrucosum.

21. P. subauriculatum,

22. P. rigidulum.

23, P. irioides.

17. P. phymatodes.

P. aureum.

24, P. quereifolium. ial

rted ona sim-

Polypodium. | CXLYII. FILICES. 763

eealed in the thick substance of the frond. Sori oblong or linea

row on each side of the midrib, and when old often confluent covering

nearly the whole surface.—F. Mueli. Petits v. 127; Grammitis aus-

tralis, R. Br. Prod. 146; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 151; Sieb. Fl. Mixt.

n. 235; G. Billardieri i, Willd. Spec. v. 139; Polypodium diminutum,

Bak. Syn. Fil. 507.

engen Mount Lindsay, W. Hill; Maroochie River, Bailey.

. S. Wal Port Jackson, R. Brown, A. Cunnin ng ham ; Now Ru and, C.

hari A E ins on Bellinger River at an elevation of 6000 ft., C. Pm: ‘Tweed

River, Guilfoyle ; ; Macleay River, Fitzgerald; llawarra, Fide! Lord Howe’s

Island, C. Moore, Fullagar.

Victoria. Mou nt Juliet, Sullivan ; sqq cs Ranges, Apollo Bay, Mount Baw-

per ies. F. Mi ed 3 ace Howe,

ania Riv H. Br own ; abundant on orm da rocks and trunks of

ber Miren bait the BE, MAAA oF to 4500 ft., J. D. Hook

Also in New Zealand and the extreme south of America.

2. P. Hookeri, Brackenr. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. iv. 171, Syn. Filie. 319.

— Fronds entire linear or lanceolate as in P. australe and sometimes as

small, but often 6 to 8 in. long, and not quite so coriaceous, tapering

into a very short stipes and always fringed and sprinkled with long

spreading dark hairs. Veins rather more divided than in P. australe.

Sori orbicular oval or shortly oblong, rather large, in a single row on

each side of the midrib.—P. set M Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech.

103, t. 21, but scarcely of Blum

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy

. S. Wales. Lord Howe's Island, C. Moore, Fitzgerald.

Also inthe Philippines and the andwich Islands. Iti E te voy a Apu An tothe

true P. setigerum, Blume (Gramma fasciculata, Blum

Hook, Ic. Pl. t. 941), but that has always the frond ex E sed in ye

a much longer stipes which gives it a different facies.

8. P. blechnoides, Hook. Spee. Filie. iv. 180, Syn, Filie. 831.—

Fronds 2 to 4 in. long, capers deeply pinnatifid. Segments lanceolate

dilated and shortly confluent at the

adde of the frend 3 to 5 lines long, the

contracted into a short narrowly

winged stipes. Veins pinnate in eac ch lobe. Sori at : end of the

veinlets, orbicular, 3 to 5 pairs in each lobe, forming ws nearer to

the margin than to the midrib.— Grammitis eda. dier in Ann.

at. Hist. ser. 2,1. 328, t. 17; Polypodium contiguum, Brackenr. ; F.

Muell. Fragm. v. 127.

Queensland. Rockingham Day, Dallachy.

Also in the Pacific Islands.

764 CXLYII. FILICES. [ Polypodium.

. P. grammitidis, F£. Br. Prod. 147.—Fronds mostly 4 to 8

in. high, coriaceous, once or — pinnatifid. rimary segments

orbieular or oval, varying pa to 4 vede to the length of the

lobe.— Hook. e Filic. iv. 230, Syn. Filic. 327; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm.

ii. ; Grammitis isle hire Labill. xm Rs . Holl. ii. 90, t. 239;

Xiphopteris ia Spreng. Syst. iv

nne SO res bg cpm Range, F. Mue

River, R. Brown; abundant on waa rocks forming

Meier Galak Sa, J. F Ho oker

Also in New Zealand.

5. P. tenellum, Forst.; Hook. Spec. Filie. iv. 217, Syn. Filie.

7 "us ids 5 usually l to E ft. long, glabrous, simply pinnate, the

stipes articulate on the rhizome. Pinns shortly petiolate and articu-

late on the rhachis, lanceolate, acuminate, often falcate, undulate-

erenate, sumas at the base, 2 to 4 in. long, membranou Veins

again forked. Sori orbicular, small, very close, forming a row

very near the margin as in the section JNephrolepis of E

^w Br. Prod. 147 ; Arthropteris tenella, J. Sm. in Hook. f. Fi. N. Zel.

82.

Queensland. Brisbane a Moreton Bay, F. Mueller, A. Cunningham and

oe Pre Dryander, Fitz

— es. Grose Riv "R. Brown dee Mountains, Mrs. Calvert ; New

Enalan I Clarence, Maceay, Hastings and Richmond Rivers, Buckler,

png (em and other: T ete rra, 4. Casey kan and others; Lord How

Island, "M Güllieray, Milne, e. Moo

Also in New Zealand, Norfolk Island and New Caledonia.

ctatum, Thunb. FI. Ja . 837. — Fronds 1 to 4 ft. long

forked branch Sori orbicular, in 2 rows on the smaller pinnules or

longer lobes.—Hook. and B . Syn. Filic. 312; » —— Labill.

A Muell. Vries € .139; P. rugulosum, , Hoo k Spec. Filie. iv. 272;

k. f. Fi. Tiu. ii. 149; Bedd. Ferns S. India, t. 170.

Polypodium. | CXLVII. FILIOES. 765

ni Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree e is Fitzalan ; Brisbane

m D n Bay, F. Mueller ; South Queens sland, Hartm

. Wales. É Jackson to the Blue Mo untains, R. "Ho E ME Me i dens

a ^d others ; New England, €. Stuart; Richmond and Clarence m vers, W. Hill

E Eos ers ; escis. Ls "John Lord Howe' s Island, Fuliagar

oria. Gram , Danden Ranges, Bunip Creek, Upper Loddon River

etc., F. Mueller NER oles hy E A z n

Ta asmania. King’ rr R. Brown; abundant in damp and rather dry woods,

J. D. Hooker,

Extends over the veins - icta: HR regions of the Old World,

reaching northwards to Ja uires some care to distinguish the specimens

om those of Hy dum Medis. pote bad the fructification i the

position ofthe sori on a nerve at some distance from the margin, is very different from

that of Hy upolepis, ini it is rnea marginal with the recurved indusium very dis-

tinct when young.

SERIES II. SYNNEURA. = pinnate under each lobe of the

pinnee, the branches simple, uniting with corresponding branches of

the vein of the adjoining lobe. ‘Sor usually placed towards the end of

the upper branches of the series.

7. P. proliferum, Presl; Spec. Filie. v. 18, Syn. Filic.

Hook. Sp

315.— F ronds usually weak and spreading z often rile at the

in full fruit much

smaller, pinnate. Pinne lanceolate, 1 to ef in. long in Australian

d with obtuse rounded lobes

specimens, shortly and regularly pinnatifi

sometimes almost reduced to crenatures,

Veins pinnate to each lobe, the branches or vein

uniting in a vein leading to the sinus as int

Aspidium. Sori in 2 rows to each lobe, sometimes only at the end

sometimes reaching almost to the midrib of the pinne.—F. Muel

Fragm. v. 128 ; Meniscium prolifer wm, Hook. 2nd Cent. Ferns, t. "m ;

Goniopteris prolifera, Presl; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 40.

N. Australia. Albert River, Landsborough. 3

"atero Mount Mu pm IB neq m Bay, Dallaehy ; Mount oi

and Port Denison, Fitzalan ; r River, Hahn's Expedition ; Rockhamp

O'Shaneay ; ; Brisbane River, err

N. S. Wales. Clarence River, Herb. F, Mueller.

Dispersed over tropical Asia and Africa and in New Caledonia.

v. 9, Syn. Filie. 314.

—Fronds 2 to 4 ft. long on à dps often nearly as long, p more

or less glandular-pubescent underneath. Pinn in. to nearly 1 ft.

crenate or

long, 1 to 2 in. broad, acuminate, regularly iid broadly

shortly lobed, rounded or truncate at the base. Prim ins leading

to the lobes numerous and parallel, pinnate, the easel ES venules

orbicular in

IUE in an interm

2 regular rows between each 2 primary veius, extending from the mid-

766 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Polypodium.

rib of the pinne to thé margin.—Goniopteris urophylla, Presl; Bail.

Queensl. Ferns, 39 ; G. lineata, Bedd. Ferns Brit. Ind. t. 3; Meniscium

Polypodium Kennedyi, F. Muell. Fragm. iv. 165; Goniopteris

Kennedyi, F. Muell.; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 41

Queensland. oe Bay, W. Hill, Dallaehy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan ;

York Peninsula, X. Taylor

pread over tropical — es = Pacific Islands. The figure of Meniscium cus-

pitis Blume, Fl. Jav t. 45, quoted for this species is a good representa-

tion of the form and vod) "ui with very differently shaped sori.

P. Hillii, Bak. Syn. Filie. 505.--Frond in the specimen seen

1j di high including the "e pinnate, densely and softiy hirsute all

over. Pinnæ 9, the 3 terminal ones (e xeepticnall) small, the others

oblong, 4 to 6 in. long, 14 t o2 i n. broad, pane crenate or shorty

pri

uniting in an in ntermediate vein e dios "thes us. "Sori as in

wrophyllum, in 2 rows between each 2 primary Yan eaching fro m the

midrib to the margin but not close.— Speaks Q hiesbrechtii, "Bail.

Queensl. Ferns, 40, not of Linden

Queensland. Between Cleveland and Saki bea Bay, W. Hill.

10. P. peecilophlebium, Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 14, Syn. Filie. 314.

—Fronds usually about 1 ft. long on a stipes at least half as long,

p: moe. glabrous. Pinne lanceolate, DEE 4 to 8 in. long. 1 to

li in. broad, shortly contracted into a petiole. Primary parallel veins

ous and prominent, pinnate, - branches or veinlets oblique,

more orless anastomosing with those of the adjoining primary vein,

but not forming a straight intermediate vein as in the preceding $ species.

Sori rather small, in two irregular rows between each 2 primary veins.

— Goniopteris pecilophlebia, Bail. Queensl. Ferns,

Dunk

Queensland. Endeavour River and Fitzroy Island, A. Cunningham;

pa M: Gillivray ; ; Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Daliachy pue t Elliott, Daintree

d Port Denison, Fitzalan ; York Peninsula, N. Tay í

Serres III. DrorvoPuzERIA.— Venation reticulate. Primary vei em

proceeding from the midrib more or less distinctly parallel, connecte

by transverse anastomosing veinlets enclosing areoles in some of whieh

are short free usually clavate veinlets. Sori placed either on the free

veinlets or on the connecting branches.

In the coriaceous s species the ne is — concealed and the free ueni

lifficult to observe, in some others they are only in a very few of the areoles, tion of

deer found em in all the Aus slim specs of "e Men e8. The position

stant in the

on the

the same species or i in the same frond, "but i in the tates oae they are nd

veins,

Polypodium.) CXLVII. FILICES. 767

+ in. to 12 in. long, the fertile ones linear or oblong-linear, 4 to 1 in.

long Venation reticulate, concealed in the thick texture of the frond,

and the dry frond even rugose with indented lines not connected with

the veins. Sori irregularly crowded in the upper end or nearly over

the whole frond, often confluent when old.—Sieb. Syn. Filie. n.95 ;

F. Muell. Fragm. y. 129; P. rupestre, R. Br. Prod. 146 ; Hook. pue,

Filic. v. 46 ; Niphobolus ipic Kaulf.; Hook. and Grev. Ie. Filic.

t. 93; ; Polypodium confluens, Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 46, Syn. Filie. 349,

not of R. Br.; ; Niphobolus S uie Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 43.

Queensland. Edgecombe and Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Mount El Bot,

Re: Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, .4. Cunningham, F. Mueller and others

pton, Thozet

. S. Wales. Port Jackson to the mes agrees R. Bro se Woolls and

others ; New England, C. Stuart; Hast River, Fraser; Clarence River,

Beckler, Wileox ; Tweed River, Guilfoyle ; m Johnson ; Twofold Bay, L.

Morton.

Bera Cabbage-tree and Broadribb Rivers, F. Mueller; Cape Howe,

Also in New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands.

12. P. confluens, A. Br. Pr od. 146.—Fronds entire, coriaceous,

P. serpens, the barren ones o g

the fertile ones linear or lanceolate varying from 3 0

ft. long. Veins reticulate but concealed in the texture as in nP. serpens.

i ach side of the midrib,

labrum, Metten. Polypod. 123,

often confluent w --—P

Syn. Filie.

Hook. and Bak. Syn. " Filie. 356; P. acrostichoides, Sieb.

94, not of Forst.

Queensland. Burnett River, F. Mueller ; Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A

ay ge xs Meg ; Rockhampton, oma, Q' Shanesy, Thozet.

rs, R. Brown ; New Englan and, C.

s. Hunter's and Pat erson's Riv

Hastings i cae and Clarence Rivers, pod Lord Howe's Island, C.

Stua

[o "Fullagar

Also in Norfolk Island and New Caledonia. pann by S Me Fragm. v.

ker and Baker to the nearly allied

129, in P. serpens and originally referri ed by Hoo

Asiatic P. angustatum, Sw. (Niphobolus angustatus, Hook. aad. Terns, t. 20).

Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 350.

. P. acrostichoides, Forst. ;

ly forked at he apex, 6 in. to 2 ft.

a ronds Banesa entire or rare

768 CXLVII. FILICES. | Polypodiun.

iar say e Endeavour wont Banks and Solander ; Cape York, W. T

Daem Cape York Peni N. Taylor; Rockingham Bay, W. Hi

Pee. Poy Island, A. en dei lm i Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Also in Ceylon, the Malayan Archipelago and the Pacific Islands.

14. P. attenuatum, R. Br. Prod. 146.—Fronds entire, c coriaceous,

linearJaneoolate, obtuse or shortly acuminate, 6 to 18 in. long, $ to $

road, e ontracted into a short stipes, glabrous, the reticulate Hier

tion Sein: in the thick texture. Sori large, oval-oblong, puc E ;

in eavities vomer eden on the upper surface, ud " 7 E

in a single row on each s the midrib n sag e Ye ah:

and the Hazin. —-- Hook. Spé! F ilic. v. 58, Gard. Ferns, Í. Bail.

Spec. Filic. n. 93, Fl. Mixt. n. 237 ; Dictyopteris pART» Pres E

Queensl. ape di; Polypodium "Brownianum Spreng. Pure MAC Boc

(Index); F. Muell. Fragm. v. 128; P. Browaii, Desv. in Anm.

Linn. Par. vi. 227 ; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filie. 355

Hil.

mortuus. fob! ave Bay, Dallachy ; Mount Lindsay, W.

S ckson, R. Brown, Fraser, A. Cunningham ; pae eer

x Sir zo NH Leichhardt ; Macleay, Clarence and Hasting

pl.

Brown's name was rejected on account of the P. attenuatum dires nal

published by Willdenow the same year (1810), but that species ha eee me a

rred vii Grisebach to the P. ds e Swartz, and the name atten

retained for Brown's p

Also in the South Pacific Islands.

udin EL UNE lanceola, x Muell. Fragm. vii. 120; pra lanceola,

Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 4

lanceola ,

Mebinghan. Bay, Dallachy. Very closely allied to P.

Metten. in Ann. Sc. Nat. ser, 4 m 78, from e Ne aa Aree nnm he mrs eller

refers i i, pun Kuhn who has crai it " vith t the original specimen

EC at eso deli Oe aif

fie iui n. oe ca Snc e e

EV Oper equ ce UH e

Polypodium.] CXLVIL, FILICES, 769

differs in the much thinner texture of the frond and in the narrow scales of the

rhizome. The latter character is however very uncertain in Polypodium, where the

scales always appear much narrower on vigorous ends of the rhizome than on older

portions when the points have become much worn down.

numerous free veinletsin the areoles. Sori large in the centre of the

larger areoles, distant in a single row on each side of the midrib at

some distance from it, the receptacles deeply exeavated and very pro-

p ‘on the upper surface.—Hook. Spec. Filie. v. 81, Syn. Filie.

Queensland, Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Spread over East India, the Malayan Peninsula and Pacific Islands.

_ P. membranifolium, R. Br. Prod. 147, from Endeavour River, Banks and Solander,

is most probably, from the short diagnosis and the station, the same as P. nigrescens,

Blume, and.if that were proved, Brown's name has the right of priority, but unfor-

tunately the original specimen.cannot now be found in the Banksian herbarium.

Queensland. Cape York, Daeme/ ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree River,

Fitzalan.

Widely spread over the tropical regions of the Old World.

18. P. pustulatum, Forst. ; Carruth. in Seem, Fl. Vit. 369, not of

Sehkuhr.—Near P. phymatodes but a smaller and more ha

Fronds usually deeply pinnatifid,

but sometimes entire and 4 to 8 in

mostly acuminate, 3 to 6 in.

i -de the primary veius with copious interm

od ts in the areoles. Sori orbicular, rather

large, distant, in a single row on each side of the midrib at . distance

VOL. VII.

770 CXLVII. FILICES. [ Polypodium.

from it and often near the margin. Receptacles excavated, more or less

porns on the upper surface.—P. errr Labill. Pl. Noy. Holl.

i. 91, 0; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 128, n of Forst. ; P. Billardieri,

R. Br. Prod. 147; is Spee. Filic. v. 82, ‘Syn. Filie. 364; Sieb. Syn.

Filice. n. 98; P. rem, Willd. ; ; Sieb. ur Mixt. n. 938 ; Phyma-

todes Biter, aap Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 150.

N. ales. Port Jackson to the Blue Mountains, R. Brown, Fraser, Woolls ;

Clarcne Rive, Wilcox ; Macleay River, C. Moore; Tweed River, ’ Guilfoyle ; Hla-

warra and Twofold Bay, F. Mueller; Lord Howe's Island, M*Gillivray, C. "Mor e,

dere

ria. Grampians, Wilhelmi, Sullivan; Dandenong Ranges, Apollo Bay

TM Cape m he um Eos. eller

alrymple and Kent’s Island, = Brown ; abundant on rocks

and inks ks of tie a J. D. Hooker ; King’s Island, Neat

Also in New Zealand and perhaps in New Caledonia.

usuall a r numerous, row lanceolate or almost linear, often

faleate, obtuse or acuminate, 13 to 3 in. long, decurrent and confluent

nto a winged rhachis, of a thinner texture than the preceding specie

although the veins are but little prominent. Sori rather small, distant,

in a single row on each side of the midrib between it and the margin,

pustulatum, Schkuhr, Filie. ii. t. 10, Hook. Spee. Filic. v. 80, Syn.

Filic. 363, Sieb. Syn. Filie. n. 96, x of Forst.; Pleopeltis pustulata,

T. Moore; Bail. Qu eensl. Ferns, 4

~~ vensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, A. rag AU

. B. alee, ae rt Jackson do the Blue Mountains, Woolls and others; New

England, C. Stuart; Hastings River, A. Pas. Beckler; Macleay River,

Heriot, Fitzgerald ; laeta: A. Cunning ngham.

"Vietósia. Gillibrand River and Nangatta Mountains, F. Mueller.

Also in New Zealand and the South Pacific Islands.

20. P. verrucosum, Wall. ; Hook. o Filic. v. 81, Gard. Ferns,

t. 41, Syn. Filic. 344. —Fronds 3 or 4 ft. long, pinnate, glabrous.

Pinne oblong. lanceolate, acuminate, obtusely serrulate, equally or

unequally cuneate at the base, shortly Repo OT cà sessile,

apparently avtientite on the rhachis, 6 to 8 n. long, 4 to 1 in. broad,

membranous. Venation reticulate between the primary veins with free

venules in the areoles. Sori distant in a single row on each side of

ae oe and near to it, the excavated receptacles very prominent

upper surface. — Goniophlebium verrucosum, Bedd. Ferns

Brit. Ind. E t. 257.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Also in the Malayan Peninsula and Archipelago.

Polypodium.] ' —— OXLVIT. FILIOCES. 771

P. subauriculatum, Blume, Fl. Jav. Filic. 177, t. 8

ES 1 pe 3 ft. long, glabrous, pinnate. Pinnæ linear-lanceolate,

mostly acuminate, entire or serrulate, 3 to 6 in. long, 3 to 5 lines broad,

truncate rounded or auriculate at the base, nearly sessile bat wise has

articulate on the rhachis.. Venation reticulate between the primary

veins, with free veinlets in the areoles. Sori distant in a single on

each side of the midrib and near to it, the excavated receptacles very

prominent o .— Hoo ilie. v. 8

n the upper surfac ook. e

944; Goniophlebium subauriculatum, Presl; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 42.

Queensland. Endeavour River, A. Cunningham; York Peninsula, N. Taylor ;

Rockin, n en Dallaehy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan; near (t ese id

O'Shanesy, Thozet

Spreads over tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands.

P. rigidulum, Swartz; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Fili —

Fronds of 2 kinds. Fertile ones 2 to 4 ft. long, pinnate, nas. or

the rhachis slightly pubescent. inne narrow-lanceolate, usually

rigid and very prominently and copiously reticulate, 3 to 9 in.

the excavated receptacles pui on the upper surface. Baraa

1 ft. long, 3 or

4 in. broad, shortly pinnatifid rigid ed very prominently veined ; the

lower pinnz of the fertile fronds are also occasionally barren and a

little altered in shape or texture.—P. diversifolium, R. Br. Prod. ;

Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 98, e" rd. Ferns, t. 5; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 127;

Drynaria diversifol olia, J.S ; Bail. nm Ferns, 46; Polypodium

Gaudichaudii, Blume, Fl. jo Filic. t.

> Bay, R. Brown ; Port Bowen, A.Cunningham ;

Pos D Deni om and Mount cem mue Rockingham Bay. W. Hill, 1, Dallach; JB

Rockhampton, Bowman, Dallachy, O' pest dt Fitzroy ends Walter ; Brisban

1, F. Muelle

River, Moreton Bay, Fraser, W. Hill,

N. S. Wales. Blue Mountains, Mrs. Calvert.

fference

Also in the Malayan Archipelago and Pacific Islands. The great di

between & the barren nd fertile fron — —— 3 viui ag“ d ee

e a character y 1

ei relin sins C: iila and similar nod and fertile fronds occur in

ies otherwise iens scat

3. P. irioides, Poir.; Hook. Sp. Filic. v. 67, Syn. ap lic. 360.—

F ft. long, 1 to 3 in. broad, coriaceous ntrac

m Seara s ee parallel veins distant es “usually

into a very short stipes

conspicuous, with copious fine reticulations between them, t Aang

vein! he areoles numero small and numerous,

us.

but

covering the whole under surface of the as aA part e p= lavas ae

quite distinct from each other. — Hook.

3p 2

772 OXLVII. FILIOES. [ Polypodium.

Blume, Fl. Jav. Filic. t. 77 ; Pleopeltis irioides, T. Moore ; Bedd. Ferns

S. Ind. t. 178.

Queensland. Shoalwater and Keppel Bays and Broad per. iA p 1; Cape

York, W. Hill, Gulliver ; Rockingham Bay, Dallachy (some of his specimens with

rather larger sori) ; Rockhampton, Boewan: Dallachy, O Shanesy y; Morèton Bay.

F. Mueller, Bailey.

Spreads over tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa and the Pacific Islands.

P. quercifolium, Linn. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 96, Syn. Filic.

jn Fronde of two kinds. ee ones 2 to 3 ft. long, deeply pinna-

art ; segments lanceolate, 6 to 9 n. long, + to 14 in. broa ecurrent

the rhachis and usually Sonthaent into a broad w wing but sometimes

Sha ted between the lower segments, thin but usually rigid, very

prominently and copiously reticulate, but the free veinlets within the

areoles small and rare. Sori small, scattered, few or numerous. Barren

ronds sessile, short broad and shortly pinnatifid as in P. rigidulum.—

P. Linnei, Bory, Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 368; Bedd. bug ur

Ind. t. 315; Drynaria quercifolia, J. Sm. ; Bedd. Ferns, S. Ind. t

D. Linnei, "Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 46.

N. Australia. Coen River and islands of the Gulf of Carpentaria, R. Browns

Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 2, 17, 674; North Coast, Gulliver

Queensl, and, E el Bay z, R. Brown ; Albany Island, i Mueller ; Cape Yo ork,

neis Endeavour River, "i ” Cun ingham ; York Peni N. Taylor; Rocking-

m Bay, Dallachy ; Rockhampton, Bowman ; Fitzroy tae, J Walter.

ie over East India the Malayan Peninsula and Pacific Islands.

P. aureum, pee Hook. Spec. Filic Syn. Filic. 347, a tropical Aa

species unknow in the Old World, has (s is ded by F. Mueller, Fragm. > bly

on the enthority of a specimen from Hastings River, Beckler ; but there is pro? y

re some mistake, the plant has been long in general cultivation in plant-houses.

nnatifi ike the ferti —— th

but less rigid and the venation is simply reticulate without singly free veinlets in

areol ri in one or 2 irr irregula - rows on each side of the midrib are mse m

= junction of 2 veinlets in the and the receptacles are not prominent on

upper surface as in P. phy mes sm it also iueliplon in some respects.

34. NOTHOLANA, R. Br.

Rhizome tufted. Fronds usually small, once twice or thrice pinnate

with small lobed segments. Veinlets forked from a central nerve oF

from the base of the segment. Sori small at the ends of the veinlets,

almost contiguous forming an apparently continuous line within the

I IE which is however more or less curved over them in 4

dandi

nus ranging o crate regions of the

Now and pupa Old World, “OF a E dites toc t "specia, one is ide oid with à

West Mediterranean one, another extends to New Zealand and New C Tr den

two remaining ones appear to be endemic. The genus is closely allied to 6

Notholena. | CXLVII, FILICES. 773

thus, with which it is oman by F. Mueller and some others, but m recurved margins

of the fronds can scarcely be regarded as true indusia, Some ern purists have

altered Brown’s name S o Nothuahlana but the contraction of xAawa 1nto Lena, after

the example of the Romans, has been too generally sanctioned z4 botani ists in many

other cases, such as Dicen. Er ee Mier olena, etc., to be here ema

tud 1 to3 in. high, e baje membranous and me

vided or 3-1 . N, pumilio.

Fronds laóoeclite i in Satine, * to 10 in. i. high, once or twice

pinnate with pinnatifid pinn

Gnas rate covered aot with more or less

woolly scales . Ss :

Pinne de Aie covered underneath with bristly scales . 3. N. distans.

E —— deltoid in outline, under 6 in. high,

thrice gems c sprinkled v ‘with Tia —

i hon; . 4. N. fragilis.

l. N. pumilio, 2. Br. Prod. 146.—Fronds tufted, 1 to 3 in. high,

simply pinnate, with a filiform rhachis. Pinne few, ovate or oblong,

obtuse, 3 to 5 lines lon ng, membranous, without scales, entire or the

lower ones with a short lateral lobe on one or bo th bee the upper

consistence.—F. Muell. Fragm. viii. 175; N. paucijuga, Bak.

Filie. 515

tralia, Darwin, Schultz,

citata | digas River, dens. € Solander, N. Taylor.

i. p Hook. Spec. Filic. v.

Soc. Linn. P.

119, Syn. Filic. 370 ; N. Brownei, Desv. in

220 ; Gymnogramme ink, Kuhn in Bot. Zeit. 1869, 458 ; Notholena

} i . Cheilanthes vellea,

F. Muell. Fragm. v.

N. Australia, Arnhem S. Bay, R. Brown; Uppe Victoria Bm Sea

Range, F. Mueller ; Aeka Land, anri nlay ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 954. á

ueensland. pe York, -n ; Cleveland € M ham Ba ys, W. Hiil,

Dailachy, Gulliver ; ‘Gilbert R ver, Dine; Suttor River, Bowman. :

|. Wales. "In the itor a Lachlan and Darling to the Barrier

Range, Victorian Expedition and og d

S. À Australia. jy ke Torrens, E enm; ; Gawler Range, Sullivan; Lake

Eyre, Andrews ; Macdonnell Range,

W. Australia. Fraser's Range, pa,

774 CXLVII. FILICES. [.Notholena.

in the West Mediterranean region. The distinctions pointed out by Kuhn

between the Mediterranean and Australian plant do not hold good in all the

ustralian specimens,

3. N. distans, E. Br. Prod. 146.—Very closely allied to N. vellea,

of the same stature and general habit and not always easy to distinguish

from it. The outline of the frond generally ruit ihe lobes of the

pinnules smaller and the indumentum not so dense, assuming on the

under surface the form of bristles with little or none of the woolly

Er of N. vellea. Sori the same.—Hook. Speo E v. 114, Ic. Pl.

t. 980, Syn. Filie. 372; Kunze in Pl. Preiss. ii. 109; Cheilanthes

distans, A! Braun; F. Muell. Fragm. v. 122.

Queensland. Percy Islands, A. Cunningham ; Logan River, Fraser; Brisbane

River, PR Mo Wer, and many other localities in South Queensland from various

nan

s. "Wales. Po rt Jac R. A. Cunningham, Woolls ; New

iei C. Stuart ; Lord Horse 8 "Islan, alice

Victoria. Sno owy River, F. Muell 1

S. Australia. Spencer's Gulf, i Brown ; Lofty Ranges, F. Mueller ; Gawler

Range Giles,

WF Aus ustralia, Drummond, n. 666; York District, Preiss, n. 1802.

Also in Norfolk Island, New Caledonia and New and. It ? pref by

Mottenius Tilic. Hort. Lips. 51 to the S, African Meis pr ofusa, K

fragilis, Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 114, t. 287, Syn. Filie. 372.—

Bhisoms horizontal, rather thick, se d — broadly deltoid in

sene y. 123.

N. Australia. Fitzmaurice River, F. Mueller ; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 110,

138, 211,

35. GRAMMITIS, Swartz.

(Gymnogramme, Desv.)

Rhizome short and tufted or creeping. Fronds pinnate or bipinnate,

with forked and free or reticulate yeins. Sori linear or oblong, without

any indusium, on veins pm from the midrib, scattered or crowded

in a broad intramarginal line

The genus is generally dispersed over the tropical and some temperate regio

hemispheres, in the New di the Old World. Ofthe six Australian species, one

is widely dispersed in the Old World without the tropics extending to the Andes of

Grammitis.] CXLVII, FILICES. 775

America, another is known from New Zealand Chili and South West Domh

im is only in the Malayan Archipelago and Pacific Islands, and three

Fronds simply pinnate. Pinne thick, entire, scaly undere",

with free veins, the sori crowded in a broad marginal lin

or band.

Pinnæ broadly ovate. Line x sorinot 1 line broad . l. G. Reynoldsü,

Inns of sori above 1 line broad . 2,- G. Muelleri.

us small, bipinnate, with lobed segments. Veins

overed underneath with wein hairs . 8. G. rutefolia.

4. Q. leptophylla.

See

aes ae lelicate .

pinnz or Eimer Veins

Pinnæ tapering at the -— ps ‘distinct, Sori very

irregular and unequa

US connected e a winged rhachis. Sori i long,

mostly reaching the margin

(See also Polypodium australe, with small narrow coria

5. G. pinnata.

6. G. ampla.

E IA A a d de y

. G. Reynoldsii, 7. Muell.—Rhizome ary Fronds in our

E 3 so 6 in. long, simpiy pinnate.

broadly ovate or orbieular, obtuse, entire, about

densely covered on both sides with hairlike ae

the scales, oblong or shortly linear, transverse and distinct but closely

crowded near the margin, forming a continuous line about 1 line broad,

Notholena Reynoldsii, 3 Muell. Fragm. viii. 175.

Central Australia. Near Mount Olgar, Gosse. Evidently nearly allied to the

following species.

2. G. —Rhizome

scaly, shortly creeping. Fr dadi 6 in. to

the rhachis scaly. Pinnæ in distant

entire, } to 1 in long, thick, sprink

underneath vitiis ciliate scales. Sori n

ery numerous, mostly short, transverse but crowded

D lines broad. A few

r a single cordate

143, t. 295, Syn.

Queensland. Clevelandand Rockingham Bays, W. Hill, Bowman, N. Taylor ;

Gilbert I River Armit ; Rockhampton, Tissu, Ü co eias y, Thozet.

ith eux Mg hairs oecasi

Mg ems mostly we the

776 OXLVII. FILIOES. [Grammitis.

middle of the pinna, sometimes almost edm the surfacc.—F. Muell.

Fragm. v. 137 ; Gym aeeie —— Hook. Spee. Filic. v. 137, Te.

Pl. t. 935, Filic. Exot. t. 5; Hook. and Grev. Te. Filie. t. 90; ; Kunze i in

Pi. Preiss. ii. 110; Hook. i Fl. "iem ii ii. 151; Gym nogramme Pozoi

ami ; Hook. and Bak. Syn. Filic. 379; Gymnogramme subglandulosa,

Hook. and Grev. Ie. Filic. t. 91; Gymnogramme papaverifolia, Kunze

Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 34.

Queensland. Port Denison, T aeih; Dalrymple Creek, Hartman; Spring-

sure, Wuth ; Maranoa Com Mitchel

N. ales. Port Ja cii ‘and Blue Mountains, Woolls and others ;

Liverpool Plains, 4. Cei, C. Moore; New England, C. Stuart; Goyinga

a Victorian Expedi

ctoria. Melbourn e, Adamson , Robertson ; ie oii Sullivan; Broken and

Heinea Rivers, F. Mu eller ; Gipps ' Land, Walt

cmn erwent River, R. Brown, vitii in shaded dry stony places,

J. D. H

S. me dio. Lofty Range, F. Mueller; Gawler Range, Sullivan ; Central

Australia, Gosse, Giles.

a, Drummond, n. 1000; York District, Preiss, n. 1303; Meses

Range, F. Audi»: between Esperance Bay and Frasers Range, Dempster

Also in South Western Europe, Chili and New Zealand.

4. G. leptophylla, Swartz, Filic. 218, t. Re f. 6.—Fronds tufted,

delicate, under 6 in. high and often only 2 in., the outer ones short,

with few broadly obovate or fan-shaped agree often barren, the

others erect with a slender black rhachis, twice pinnate; segmen

numerous, oblong or cuneate, 2 to 3 lines lon ng, more or less deeply

lobed, with sed a single oblong sorus on each lobe, often covering

the whole surface—F. Muell Fragm. v. 137; Gymnogramme lepto-

phylla, Desv. ; Hook Spec. Filie. v. 136, Brit. Ferns, £i Syn. Filie. 383 ;

Hook. and Grey. dt Filic. t. 25; Hook. f. Fl. Tasm. ii. 151; Be dd.

Ferns S. Ind.

N. S. Wales. Port Stephen, King.

Victoria. Yarra and Sunt, Rivers and neighbourhood, F. Mueller, Robertson

and others.

ar ee Spring Bay near the Tamar, Gunn.

S. Australia. po ug ehr.

ssa Range,

W. Australia, Diii, n. 360, 996.

ld,

Widely dispersed over the oe and subtropical regions of the Old Wor

and also in the Andes of South Ameri

5. G. pinnata, F. Muell. Fragm. vi. 124, —Rhizome shortly A: :

ing. ndr i l to 2 ft. high, simply pinnate, glabrous. Pinne 3 to

ll or reduced tothe single terminal one, lanceolate, 4 to 10 in. long,

minent midrib and rhachis smooth an shining. Veins diverging

rom the midrib decens and anastomosing. Sori linear or narrow-

Pon , very unequal and irregularly she REGS mnogramme pn-

Hook. Spee, "Pilie. v. 151, Syn. Filic. s ilusion elongata,

Grammitis.] CXLYII. FILICES. 777

Brackenr. Filic. U. S, Expl. Exped. t. 8; Dictyogramme pinnata, T.

Moore ; Bail. Queensl. Ferns, 33.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, W. Hil, Dallaehy.

Also in the Malayan Archipelago and South Pacific Islands.

. G. ampla, F. Muell. Fragm. v. 188.— Rhizome rather thick,

sealy, creeping. Fronds 1 to 2 ft. high, deeply pinnatifid, glabrous.

Segments 3 to 11, lanceolate, 3 to 6 in. long, 1 to l in. broad when

fertile, often 2 in. when barren, acuminate, membranous, entire,

dually tapering below the lowest pair but continued almost to the base of

the stipes. Veins proceeding from the midrib immediately forked, one

branch bearing a straight linear sorus exten ing usually to the mar-

gin, the other prominent flexuose with anastomosing branches, and from

both are emitted a few short free branches.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan.

Included by Baker, Syn. Filic. 389-390 in the Asiatic Gymnogramme (Grammitis)

elliptica, Bak. (Polypodium, Thunb.), but the further specimens in Herb. F. Mueller,

have convinced him that it differs essentially in the membranous texture,

continuously winged rhachis and stipes, the longer sori, more prominent intermediate

36, ANTROPHYUM, Kault,

lanceolate or broad, with

hizome creeping. Fronds simple, entire, x 1

bearing long linear sori

longitudinal more or less anastomosing veins,

without any indusium.

i over the tropical regions of the New and the Old World.

The ee oee oie is Asiatic, aati to the Pacific Islands.

1. A. reticulatum, Kaulf. ; Hook. Spec. Filie. v. 169 ; Syn. Filie.

393.— Rhizome hairy, creeping. Fronds 6 in. to 1 ft. long, L to 1j in.

o nearly 2 in. broad, acuminate, tapering into a short stipes,

glabrous, rather firm, the veins prominent on the upper surface forming

: Sori all longitudinal, narrow-linear but varying

length.— Bedd. Ferns S. Ind. t. 52 and 231; A.

ail. Queensl. Ferns, 33.

W. Hill, Dallachy ; Bowen, Woolls ; Daintree

much in number and

plantagineum, Kaulf. ; B

Queensland. Rockingham Bay,

River, Fitzalan.

7 hich F. Mueller, Fragm. v

A. semicostatum, Blume, Fl. J 7, t. 33, to w rae en dime srt

138 this plant, is a form or variety with a larger frond broader

mid 2€ ET sag nian specimens agree the typical A. reticulatum as

figured by Schkuhr, Syn. Filic. t. 6.

778 CXLYVII. FILICES,

37. ACROSTICHUM, Linn.

Rhizome creeping timed to a great length or short E erect,

Fronds undivided or nnate, variously veined. Sori confluent,

se ing the under sale of the fertile fronds or pinne, whic are

usually smaller or narrower than the barren ones. No indusium.

A large genus, chiefly tropical, spread over both the New and the Old World.

Of the seven Australian species three are common $ the New and the Old World,

three limited to the Old World and one only endem

Fronds simple, lanooolato with free veins, the fertile ones

nearly os l. A. conforme.

Fronds pinnate Pinn entire, the barren vith numerous

zllel 1 free veins, p^ fertile very narrow-linea

Barren pinnz bro oadly lanceolate, Finda or Gaat at

the base . 2. A. scandens.

Barren pinnæ n rrow- lanceolate, tapering to a petiole . 9. A. sorbifolium.

Fronds pen Voins m culat

inne membra rtly AU broadly eme the

fertile usually o on “tiffereat fronds . 4. A. repandum,

æ eous, entire, the upper ones fertile on the

nd onds 5, A. aureum.

Fronds simple, axrow. with reticulate. veins, contracted

intoa feos fertile a 6. A, spicatum.

Fronds bipinnate, the fertile segments narrow-linear on

different fronds from the barr . T. A. pteroides.

1. A. conforme, Swartz ; Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 198, Syn. Filie.

401.—Rhizome creeping, scaly. Fronds simple, quia coriaceous,

from a few in. to above 1 ft. long, 4 to 1 in. broad, acute qur ee

tapering into a stipes sometimes narrowly winged NE. * the base ;

veins parallel, simple or forked, not close, and concealed in the Vx.

of the frond. Fertile fronds usually smaller and more obtuse.—

F. Muell. Fragm. v. 138; Elaphoglossum conforme, Schott; Bail.

Queensl. Ferns, 93

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallachy.

Widely spread over the tropical and southern extratropical regions of the New

and the Old World.

2. A. scandens, J. Sm.; Hook. Spec. Filie. v. 249, Syn. Filic.

412.--Rhizome woody, sealeless, creeping in swamps or ‘climbing on

trees. Fronds 3 ft. long, simply pinnate. Pinnæ of the barren

fronds broadly one acuminate, rounded or cuneate at the base

and shortly petiolate, 3 to 8 in. long, 2 to 14 in. broad, entire or slightly

entate, coriaceous, smooth and shining. Veins very numerous fine

linear, sometimes almost terete, sometimes flat and 2 lines broad.—

5 Mue am vi. 124; Stenochlena scandens, J. Sm. ; Bail. Queensl.

og ERN

edge Schultz, n. 3, 215.

a iae York, W. Hill; Rockingham Bay, W. Hill, Dallachy.

Also i in Tropical Asia and the Pacific Islands,

Aerostichum.] CXLVII. FILICES. 779

412, var. lepton DER Ht woody, offen c rd ue trees to the

height of 30 or 40 ft. Fronds pinnate, 1 to 2 ft. long. Pinnæ of the

barren fronds dicod6 lat ia gre eed or o tapering into

a short petiole, 3 to 8 in 8 lines broad, often denticulate,

not very thick but smooth ai d uod Veins numerous, parallel, 4 to

1 line apart. Pinne of the barren fronds more numerous, almost

filiform in the Australian specim s, + in. broad or rather more in

some exotic forms.— 4A. Brightie, F. "Muell. ip vii, 119 ; Lomariop-

sis Brightie, F. Muell. in Bail. Queensl. Ferns

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Daldachy.

Spread over the tropical regions of the New and the es World. Exceedingly

variable as to e = eadth of the fertile pinnæ, etc., and divided by Fée into seven-

inj species of a genus Lomariopsis, amongs bie ch his Z. pues pa des some others

e well sepestented. among Dallachy's specimen

19 M creeping. nd to 2 cae pinnate, ihe poene

Pinne of the barren dddo membranous, — the lower

achi

lobe. Plin of the fertile fronds much smaller and narrower, but

usually more or less sided lobed or broadly crenate.—F. Muell.

Fragm. v. 138

ueensland, Rockingham Bay,

(one of the specimens with a semi- “fertile ws

N. Taylor (young plants of a few inches already

Extends over the Malayan Archipelago to South China and the Pacific

Islands.

W. Hill, grana Daintree River, Fitzalan

n, Woolls ; York Peninsula,

5. A. aureum, Linn.; Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 266, Syn. Filic. 423.—

Rhizomo short, thick, erect. Fronds 2 to 6 ft. long, pinnate, gla-

brous, the rhachis firm and smooth. Pinns distant, the lower pct :

fine and numerous, co -—

dam Range, F. Mueller ; Port Essington, Armstrong ;

- Australia. M‘A m.

hultz,

rem ge ee Bowen, R. Brown, Woolls ; Cape York, W. Hill, Daemel ;

York Peninsula, NV. Taylor ; “Endeavour ur River, A. Cunningham ; iT a Bay,

Dallachy ; Daintree River, Fitzalan ; Brisbane River, 4. Cun — F. —

N. S. Wales. Clarence River, Wilcox; Ric hmond River, Henderson,

Hodgkinson.

780 CXLVII. FILIOES. [ derostichum.

Widely spread over the tropical and subtropical regions of the New and the Old

World. In Australia chiefly in swampy flats or salt water marshes.

curved over them when young but at e ede the under

surface. Spore-cases often cure with peltate scales.—Hymeno-

lepis spicata, Presl; ic. Exot. t. 78, Gard. Ferns, t. 3;

Bedd. F

Queensland. Brisbane River, Moreton Bay, W. Hill.

Spread over tropical Asia, extending to the Mascarene and to the Pacific

Islands,

7. A. pteroides, R. Br. Prod. 145.—Rhizome shortly creeping.

Fertile fronds ovate-lanceolate in ie emma a 3 to 6 in. Xe on à

Barren fronds, which I have not seen, “smaller than the fertile

H Spec. Filic. Muell. ragm. v. 139; AVeurosoria

ee A xor in Bot. Zeit. 1869, 438.

ustralia, North Coast, R. Brown; Port Darwin, Schultz, n. 137 ; Gilbert

[ced rv

Queensland. Endeavour River, G. Brown.

38. PLATYCERIUM, Desv.

Rhizome x and thick. Fronds large, the outer ones of each year's

wth bar and horizontally spreading, the fertile ones erect

cuneate forked or dichotomous, the veins prominent radiating and

A small genus, sparingly distributed over the Malayan Arcaia Me and tropical

Africa and America. Neither of the Australian species are endemi

Sori qut the ultimate poe of the fertile fronds 1. P. aleicorne.

Sori forming a h under the ow: sinus of the

comer division o the fertile fronds . 2. P. grande.

P. alcicorne, Desv. ; Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 282, Syn. Filic. "^ i

Bien fronds Nar A DEPA era cottony when young, 6 in ft.

Platycerium. | CXLVII. FILICES. 781

Queensland. Bellenden Ker Range, W. an Fwy tors oe F. Mueller ;

d Bowman, d 8 Thozet ; Sprin , Wuth

S. Wales. Port , R. Brown, j ash and hers; New

ec in E Stuart Huston Raver, Beckler ; Illawarra, Jokes d Lord Howe’s

Island, Fullaga

Also in the Mascarene Islands.

rande, J. Sm.; Hook. Spec. Filic. v. 284, Filic. Exot. t.

Queensland. Rockingham Bay, Dallaehy; Bowen, Woolls; Warwick, Nernst ;

Besbano. River, gro Bay, A. Cunningham.

i xs nd, C. Stuart ; Clarence River, Beckler ; Richmond

River, Mrs. Hodyhissef.

Also in the Malayan Archipelago.

ERRATA.

p. 139, under Kentia acuminata :

For W. Australia, read IN. Australia.

p. 192, under Eriocaulon quinquangulare :

r W/. Australia, read N. A

p. 302, under Fimbristylis rhyticarya :

WV. Australia, read IN. Australia.

p. 370, under Schcenus brevifolius, add :

S. gl v Nees in Pl. Preiss. ii, 81, from W. Australia, Preiss, n. HS whic ed

have not seen, is, from the deni ription, probably s. brevifoliu olius, R. hich h

oes bene the villous r mass terminating the acis cf p» ee e

globula

entioned under S. iresiertin, p. 361.

p. 372, under Schenus falcatus :

For W. Australia, read IN. Australia.

p. 567, under Stipa flavescens add :

S. leviculmis, Nees in Pl. Preiss, ii. 99, founded on a speci imen of uncertain T

, which ve not seen, is referred by J. D. Hooker to $. asiseent wi

which. however Nees's character does not dri agree.

783

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

The synonyms and species incidentally mentioned are printed in italics.

Page Page Page

Abildgaardia lunulatum, Burm. . 723 E voy 575

nnamometorum, paradoxum, Br. . . 729 — retrofracta, Willd 579

w. . .918| trigonum, Labill. . 724! rudis, R. et S

fimbristyloides, F. ZEgopogon | scabra, Willd 576

. . 809| debilis, | scabra, Br.

fusca, gll. 5 8 laguroides, Beauv. . 598 — sciurea, Br. . 575

monostachya, Vahl 308| strictus, be . 598 semibar bata, Trin. . 579

schonoides, Br. . . 308| turbinatus, Beauv. . 699| Solandri, F. Muell. 579

vaginata, Br. . . 309 | Agropyruin $ 4| venusta, Trin. . * 576

n . 111| pectinatum, Beauv | ian i MA 621

Preissii, Lehm. . . 111| scabrum, cited 36

Aclisia, E. Mey. . . 89 yenlingm, Nees . . 665 stypandroides E,

Acrachne Agrost Mue 36

eleusinoides, Nees . 616 actinoclada, F. Muell. ed Aum eoe a RN

A à a, Br. avenacea, Sp

miliaceum, Link 545 Aten Neos . aos cespitosa, Li 7

Acrostichum 778 a, Linn 5 caryophyllea, Linn, 585

aleicorne, Sw. . . 781 illardieri, Br. po ciliata, Spr.

aureum, Linn. . . 77 canina, Hoo 6 effusa, Spr. . s. 690

Brightie, F. Muell. 779 contracta, FE F. Muell ssi hi ispida, Spr. . ; DOE

. . 778} crinita, B E levis, Spr. 2. MED

fraxinifolium, Br. . 479| cylindrica, Br. A ui mucronata, Spr. . . 632

lanuginosum, Desf. . 773 debilis, Poir. . . - 579 | precox, Linn. . » 585

pteroides, Br. . . 780 decipiens, Br. . . 588, rara,Bpr.. . + * 628

repandum, Blum. . 779 diandra, Retz . . 623) eres Spr. . . 628

andens, J. Sm. . 778 1 , Tri 581! . 62

sorbifolium, Linn. . 779 distans, Kunze . . 583 Endlicheri, Kunth . 63

spicatum, Linn, . . 780 liformis, Forst. . . 579 | Alepyrum

velleum, Àit. . . . 778 Forsteri, R. ré S. ^ Lin monogynum, Hook. a

Actino rigida, F. Muell.

s i ^ 0187 dn F. MuelL . 576 Muelleri, Hook. £ | 205

Adiant d. 722| intricata, Nees . 576| muscoides, Hook. f. .

æthiopicum, Linn. . 724 laxiflora, Rich. 576 uticum, Br. . + +

affine, Willd. 724| lobata, Br. - 58 polygynum, Br. . 204

, Hook à 725 na, a i " De milio, Br... 208

assimile, Sw. . . + 724 Muelleri, Ben

- nivalis, F. Muell. . 584, - punicea, lah. . &

a a, Forst. . . . 600 ma . 184

Cunn inghamii, Hi Hook. 795 parviflora, Br. c: 57D son 8 Wu ee

diaphanum, ani 725| plebeia, Br. . . - 81 x ms . 106

osum, B.: . 724 i rifida, Labill. . 572 Las ulosum, de ^E

aes a i 725 uadriseta, Br. . . 581 nus, Spreng.

784 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Page Page

oligococeum, F. humilis, Nees . 213| villiferus, Steud. . 520

ete es , 185 ischeemoides, Nees . 218 MH Nees. . 538

parnassifolium, F. levis, Br. . . 212 | Aneilem .

Muel. . . . .186| Javis,Nees . . .?18 acuminatum. Br. v BD

plantago, Zinn. . . 185| pauciflora, Br. . . 214 affine pen

reniforme, Don . 186| polyphylla, Nees. . 214 stk eek Br. . 88

ALISMACEE . . 183 nores Br v.e 218 Ft billor sat Br. .- 96

Allantodia cabra, Br. . . . 212| crispatum, Br. ELE

australis, Br. . . 750 Torone . 527 ensifalium, Wight . 88

tenera, Br. . . . 750| aciculatus, Retz. . 588} giganteum, Br 88

Alocasia ' affinis, Br. . . . 530 gra ramin ^g: Bé. ae

macrorrhiza, Schott 156| annulatus, Forsk. . 531 86

Alopecurus . . . . 555| annulatus, F. Muell. 530 ers Hook. . 88

agrestis, Linn. . . 555| australis, Spreng. . 540| maer ophyllum, Br. 90

australis, Nees . . 556| bombycinus, Dr. . 533| nudiflorum, F. Muell. 88

geniculatus, Linn. - 555| chrysatherus, F. sclerocarpum,. .

Kibopa 2 2 1. 70 adl x0 v820 Muell. 86

australis, Br.. . . 710| citreus, Br. . . . 510| seeundum, Wight . 88

ves Mia Lt . . 711! comosus, Spreng. . 540| siliculosum, Br. . - 86

excels . 711| contortus, Linn. . 517| siliculosum,

Teicha, F. eryptatherus, Steud. 520 Muell. oo ME

uell. 711| echinatus, Heyne . 524 Angiopteris . E d cn

Leda igesii, Kunze . . 710 elongatus, Spreng. . 539| evecta, Hoffm. . . 694

irse pow 712 goce F. Anguilaria . . - - 29

ei, J. S 912 -— . .529| australis, F, Muell. 30

ice, H "Mui. TIo exalta . 532| biglandulosa, Br. . 30

Robertsiana, F. Poloatis, Nea . 621 densiflora, Benth. . 29

Muell. . . .712| fragilis, Br. . . .535| dioica, Br. . - + 29

Woollsiana, F. Gryllus, Linn. . . 537| indica, Br cy ye

uel . . . . 712! halepensis, Sibth. . 540) monantha, Endl. . 30

morphophallus intermedius, Br. . 531| pygmea,Endl. . . 28

variabilis, Bl. . . 155| inundatus, F. Muell, 532 tenella, Endl. . - 29

Amphibolis Ischemum, Linn. . 531| waifora,Br. . . . 90

antarctica, Aschers. 178| lachnatherus, Benth. 534 | Anisopogon . - - + 589

zosterifolia, Ag. .178| lanatus, Br. . . . 533 —, Br. . . 590

Amphibromus , . 589 laniger, F. Muell. . 532 | Anosporu

. $89 | malacophyllus, ox era E Nees 263

nervosus, Nees . . 589 Steud. . . 521 | Antheriou

Amphipogon -. . . 597| Martini, Roxb.. . 534| bulbosum,Br. . . 95

avenaceus, Br. . . 598| micranthus, Kunth . 538 flexuosum, Br. d

Brownei, F. M montanus, Roxb. . 588 illaran Red. . 56

597, 598 Steud. . . 520| panicula 56

caricinus, F. Muell. 598| nervosus, Rottb.. . 522 endulum, Hornem. 56

cygnorum, Nees. 9| pallidus, Kunth 537| semibarbatum, Br. . 3

: d Br. .5 pertusus, Willd.. . 530| semibarbatum, ae a

gracilis, Nees 98| procerus, Br... . 532 Anthi tiria

laguroides, Br. 598| procerus, F. Muell.. 535| australis, Br. .

laguroides, F. Muell. e refractus, Br. . . 534| avenacea, F. Muell, 548

strictus, Br. . rottboelloides, Steud. 514 pes icea, FE. 3

ences oe Be ou dud schenanthus, Linn. 534 Muell. « a:

herum sericeus, Br. . . . 529 yen Ange — 5

parviflorum, Spreng. 538 | striatus, Br. . . . 51 inn, 12

Anarthtias . . . .211| submuticus, Steud. . 524 sm idata, Anders. . Š :

canaliculata, Nees . 213| tenuis, Br. . . . 517 pacers 'F. Muell. 54:

gracilis, Br. . . . 213| triticeus, Br.. . . 517| frondom, Br. « - 509

gracilis, Nees — . . 216| triticiformis, Steud. 519 | Herta F. Muell.

` grandiflora, Nees . 213' tropicus, Spreng. . 541 | membranacea, Lindi.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Page Page

Anthosachne naceum, Beauv. 586| hispidum, Sw, . . 760

australasica, “Steud. E ED thrath erum an F.

Anthoxanthum : arenarium, Nees . 562 s y ap HN

initum, Linn. f. . va Arthraxon . . . . 523] molle, < . 756

odoratum, Linn. . 55 ciliare, v. . 524 oblite dos Spr. 755

Antrop : . 777 Arthropodium . . 55] proliferum, Br. 757

plantagineum, Kaulf. 717 pillipes, Endl. 57 pon i Sw. 55

-reticulatum, Kaulf. 177 dianellaceum, F. Beauv. 7

werd PBDUSTI Muell. anri DT setosum, ; Boii zn

199 | n jatim, Br. $405 DU caule, w. 759

rou F. "Muell. 202! laru diem kf. —. 55 em nerum, Spr. UTD

cyperoides, B 00 lazı . 69| truncatum, Gaud. . 756

mmondii, Benth. 201 Lindley ani . . 6| tuberosum, Bory . . 754

gracilis, Sond. 201! minus, yer 80 s tbt. Kunze . 760

Gunnii, Hook. 201 minus, Lin dl. . . 66 m, Sw. . 56

monogyna, Hieron.. 2056 pan niculatum, Br. . 66 dipleniuis . 742

tans, Hook. f. 200 pendulum, DC. or 58 ediantoides, Raoul . 747

umilio, F. Muell. . 201| Preissii, Endl. 57 nuatum, Br.. . 745

Aphylax, Salisb. 85! scabrum, Spreng 36 meris sas a Hook. 744

uda . 544 | strictum, Br. 58| australe, Brack.. . 750

mutica, "Linn 544 | Arthropteris Brownii, J. Sm.. . 750

Aponogeton . . . 188, tenella, J. Sm 764| bulbiferum, Forst. . 748

crispus, F. Muell. . 189 Arthrostylis . 22 udatum, Forst. . 746

elongatus, F. Muell. 188! aphylla, B 423| cuneatum, F. Muell. 748

morgen e nh. rum decussatum, Sw 751

. 188! orix ; 154| difforme, Br.. . 47

Archontophaniz yum . 544| falcatum, La 46

eem andre, tees epalen s, Trin. . 545| flabellifolium, Cav. 745

v DE . 141 Schulta "Benth. . 545| flaccidum, Forst 749

Cunning catum, 747

Wendl. et Dr. 141 penicillata, wen . 594| Hookerianum,

Vd. Wendl. et. phragmites, Linn. . 637 scones DUO TE

. 141! poeformis, Tabii 651| japon Thunb. . 750

reca . . . 142| semian nnularis bserititlium, 2 Lain. 148

monostaeMya, Mart. . 137 Labi 95 749

Normanbyi, F. triodioides, Trin, 656 vies v Pots ee ` 747

Muell . 142; — sis marinum, F. Muell.

Ame s. s MB nii, Kunth . SAT 747,749

saccharifera, Labill 143 snei, Kunth . 17 ximum, Don . . 751

istida - ? . 560 e apri EXIT d

aria, Gaudich. . 561 | Aspa No v Pa IF „Hook: . empor

Behriana, F. Muell. 562 "erogus, . 17| nidus, Li 744

calyeina, Br. . . 563 | fasciculatus, Br. — . 17| obliquum, Forst. 747

torta, F. Muell. 562 nthus Lindl . 50| obtusatum, Forst. . 747

epressa, E 563 serit al 17 d weed B Bere 94g

hygrometrica, Br. . 961 Aspidi ' - . 702 y. 7746

leptopoda, Benth. . 562. daia AW 57 Pigers, Sieb. . 750

parviflora, Steud. . 563| spicale, kak. . . 758 por podio

osa, 563 | tatum, ed : T rx e i

stipoi Br 561, capense, Willd. ,

cu oec Ac i . 562! fluens, Metten. . 757 pteridioides, Bak. . 749

vulgaris, Trin . 564! eordifolium, Sw. 54| s .

Arnocrinum . 69 coriaceum, Sw. . 758 poro J aTa

Drummondii, Endi. 69 pcm eec Spr. 758 parc ee 751

"Pystwdi: . 70, didymos ve eme rs rens ERU de

; 151, exaltatum. tric omanes, ks

Athenian. 2.686! eximnm, F. Se sael. 766) - ambos at, ee €

786

Pag

Asprella

australis, R. et. S,

Ástelia . . ;

alpina, Br. . .

- psychrocharis, F.

apis

stylosa, F. Musil reyi

Astrebla

pectinata, F. Muell. 602

i triticoides, F. Muell. 602

ena. . 688

bipartita, Toks . 595

i ^ Ann . 086

. 688

D st ag Labill. . 580

ervosa, Br. ree

Gaede iseta, Labill.

Azolla

. 679

pinnata, hr... deals

rubra, Br. . . , 680

Blechnum

. 549

E |

Page

A ies d i

ambiguum, Kaulf. . 739

ilagineum, Sw. . 7

levigatum, Cav.. . 739

pae m, pe 139

le, Lin 139

bored Labill 737

errulatum, Rich 739

pian Brey 739

striatum, So nd. et

Muell. . 739

Bory me |

cataracte, Endl. . 71 | Cæsia

g W Endk 71

lucens, Endl. . vit

lucens, Poi

septentrionalis, F.

Muell.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

Hookeri, Kunth. . 35

semibarbata, Haw.. 35

suavis, Lindl. . .. 35

avi A

urchar Pes

congesta, Lindl. 3

ultiflora, Lindl 33

umbellata, Br. 33

Butomopsis . 187

lanceolata, Kunth . 187

mus

lanceolatus, Roxb. . 187

acanthoclada,F. Muell. 50

alpina, Hook. f. 60

chlorantha, ng Muell. 47

corymbosa,

dichotoma, a Muell. 50

ante indl, 26

eriflora, Br. . . 50

spheroc cephala, Br 71 pori aod, Lindl. 47

Balantiu sublanosa, F. Muell. 71 occidentalis, BE. 4

tiro; SMS Presl 717|Botrychium . . 689 aradora, Endl. . 49

Datratherum australe, Br.. . . 690 arviflora, Ki. ME

echinatum, Nees. . 524| lunaria, Sw. . . . 690 rigidifolia, F. Muell. 47

submuticwn, Nees ::524 k te me scabra, Ba 36

virginianum, Hook.f.690| setifera, Baker 47

arthrophyia, pmo 404 | Brachyspat 15 spiralis, Endl 49

i, Boee k. . 40 variabilis, Schott 154 ersicolor, d 48

65 vittata, Br " 46

maxima, Linn. - 660 | Caladium

minor, Linn. . . 660| aere, Br. . 155

virens, Linn. . 660 acr orrhieon, "Br. . 156

Brizopyrum Calamagrostis

spicatum, Hook. et emula, Steud : ds

AYN S Qi ua d. rudis, Steu

s^irpoideum, Steud. . 655 Witldenowit, Steud. 579

Brizula Calam

mmondii, Hierony 201 smi Mart. E"

gracilis, Hiero 201 oides, Mart. 195

Mueileri, ey . 202 Melleri, Wendl. et

pumilio, Hier 201 Dr. 135

romidium oleirume, F. Mu ell. 134

lobatum, Nees . 581| radicalis, Wendl. m

quadrisetum, Nees . 581 ‘

Bromus . 660| Calectasia . . “190

arenarius, Labill. . 661 r. . 121

australis, . 661 grands andiftora, Preiss . 121

mollis, ps . 661 a, Sond. . 121

sterilis, Linn . 662|€ rear

unioloides, H. B. K. 662| prolifera, Bory . . 752

Willdenowii, Kunth 662 | Calorophus

Nube 2. Lu M , Nee 244

australis, Spreng. . 35| erispatus, Nees . . 248

bulbosa, Haw. . 34 Neos . . 94

Jloribunda, Schrad. 353| elongatus, Labill. . 238

i 3 gatus, N * 239

Calost

rantha, Br.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Page

flexu . 243| riparia, Poi i 434

Siberia, Stend. . 222 ei ipis Boot 4 End

roph implicissim F.

elongatus, F. Muell. 238 Mue 459]

racillimus, F.Muell. 239 stellulata, Gooden. 439

la ateriflorus, F. Muell.238 | stri 447

ar à iier : E . 43

acicularis, Bott . 487| thecata, Boott. 44

acuta tereticaulis, F. Muell. 441

xm Mg n Muell. 447 virgata, Soland. . . 44

Tessa, . 440| vulgaris, Fries . 44

Archeri, Boott n seid Carpha . . . 881

rbata, Boot alpina, Br 381

Bichenoviana, Boott i avenacea, Br. 351

breviculmis, Br. 445 | clandestina, Br. 351

Brownei, . 44, 48|. deusta, e 379

rownii Tue 447 diandra 352

ra Walden), ri nivicola, F "Muell 31

cespito a, Br. . . 443 | Cartonema 30

canescens, . 439 brachyantheram Benih. 92

capillacea, Boott . 438 parviflorum, J1

capi aeie, F. Muell. RE philydroides, F. pum 1

cataracte, Br. spie catum, Br. )]

cephalotes, F. Muell, 191 ris ia Endl. . 91

440 | Car PR

aryot

Alberti, TF. Muell. 144

jomaa Pora j . 43 34

contracta, F. Mi 2| obtusa, Griff. did

Cunninghamii, Boott 443 = PD Mart. 144

declinata, Boott au

Dietrichie, Boockel. 44. antaretica, Y hd aah 45

echinata, Murr. . oceanic ENEA Yi]

fascicularis, Soland. 448| ovalis, me . 182

fissilis, Boott 441| serrulata, Br. . . 17

flava, Linn. . . . 444 spinulosa, Br. . . 183

Forsteri,Wahlenb. . 449 | Caustis . . - 41

Gaudichaudiana, dioica, Br. |... . + 422

VE Mie, flexuosa, Br.. . . 42

ilis, Br. . . . 442 herandra, Nees. . 422

unniana, Boott . 446 pentandra, Br. . 0

halmaturina, Beckel. recurvata, Spreng. . 421

1 iacea, F. Muell. 421

hypandra, F. Muell. 439} Sieberi, Kunth . . 41

indica, F. Mu ell, . 441|Qenchrus. . . - +4

"anim. . 4. 48 anomoplexis, Labill. 497

cis r. . 447 ustralis, Br. «x: 497

littorea, "Tabill. . 445| calyculatus, Cav. yd

er n F. Aue. 443 hinatus, var. Trin. 49

ongifolia, . M48| elymoides, F. Muel! 498

id io Bott . .447| inflexus, Br.. . 97

neurochlamys, entotheca . 640

a ell. . 447| lappacea, Desv. . 640

panicul ate, Lin 440 | CENTROLEPIDEJE 198

polyantha F. Muell. 443 | Centrolepis 202

ii, Nees . . 446 dh. Ee ci Me

d Linn.448| alepyroides, Hieron.

Panne, Tip: . .445| aristata, R. et S. . 206

pyrenaica, F. Muell. 437 Banksii, R. e¢ S.

brevifolia, Heiron. .

etd , Rudge 207

Drumm oai; Hieron.

exserta, R. et S. 20

pS ay Tabi . 207

labra, Hieron 04

humillima, F. Muell, 208

monogyna, Benth. . 205

museoides, Hieron. 205

utica, Hieron. 04

Patersoni, R. et 8. . 208

pilosa, Hieron. 207

polygyna, Hieron. . 203

pulchra, Hieron 06

pulvinata, Desv 205

usilla, R. et S 5

strigosa, R. et 8. 207

tenuior, R. et. 208

illei, Hieron. . 206

VAM A Nees ee

ris

thalictroides, Brongn. on

Ceratoc

fetuses, Beauv. : 662

unioloide . 662

Cheetanthus . 245

ra sg Br. 246

Chetodisus

Gilberti, Steud. . 210

Chetospora

Ipina, F. Muell . 381

cep, Br .S98I

aurat, N š

HA. 357

concava, vu ees . 388

eruent, Nees ,:907

curvifoll , Br.

cygnea, E

deformis, Br

'efo .

deusta, F. M. * 379

diandra, F. Muell. . 352

distans, F. Muell. . 368

elongata, Nees . . 881

Jftmbris. ,

384

788 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Pag

nana, Nees . . . 364| elongata,Poir. . . 613 nudum, Beckel.. . 408

natans, F. Muell . 376| Moorei F. Muell, . 612 auciflbrwn, Br. . 408

I: Beckel. . . 384 Lii wg Benth. . 612, Preissii, F. Muell. . 405

it = . 611) eissii, F.

ens, Br 359, 362 Pr F. Muell.. 417

ligolach F. T Muell. . 614 psittacorum, F

E tleranth, Lindl. er Mie) ..c1 pol?

At sir Br . .382| tm radula, Br .c. ALT

pedicellata, Br. . . 370 unispioen [4 Muell. sn radula, Nees. . .419

spherocephala, Br. 380| ventricos 3| riparium, Benth. . 405

spicata, Boeckel. . 383| Chlorophyton ` "69 scheenoides, Br. . . 40

stygia, Br. . 878) al rage: Baker . wile OO rake: EF. Muell. 340

tenuissima, Book: f 365 ln m, Zr. 60 Sieberi, F. Muell.:. 414

tenuissima, Steud. . 374 ncn F. Muell. 60 teretifolium, Br. . 406

tetragona, Br. . . 380| Chondrachne | um,

turbinata, Br. . . 360) articulata, Br. . . 343) V co. Ji . 406

villosa, Nees. . . 867|Chorisandra. . . . 343| undulatum, Thw. . 984

Chamsrhaphis . . 498| cymbaria, Br. . . 345 vaginale, Benth. . 408

abortiwa, Poir . . 499| enodis, Nees. . . 344 xanthocarpum, E.

aspera, Nees . . . 499| multiarticulata, Nees 345 | Muell sagre AIB

hordeacea, Br. . . 499 sphærocephala, Br.. 344 | Clinostigma . . . . 189

paradoxa, Poir. . . 499 | Chrysopogon . 536 ree. F.

spinescens, Poir. . 498 aciculatus, Trin. . 638 cope ell, ee

. «+ »« 48| elongatus, Benth, . 538) Coc 142

corymbosa, F. Muell. 48| Gryllus, Trin. . . 537 Mores nbyi, w.H Hill fia

spiralis, F. Muell. . 48| montanus, Trin. . . 538 — Linn. 143

mDexeres. . . . parviflorus, Benth. . 537 | Coelachn . 625

fimbriata, Benth. . 111 nen Trin. . 538 brachia, Munro . 626

Serra, qM e. 110} Chrysuru pulchella, Br. . 626

digne aureus, Bud: . . 636 Celorhachis

arthrophyit, Nees . 404 | Cinna a Brongn. . 514

laza, 05 ovata, Kunth . 600 Cenopteris

Teig Nn. Eos 400 n ns, Kunth . 583 'apperdioulata,

Cladiu . o. 400 Labill. . 749

congesta, Sweet . . 22 arthropiylium, 7. $ Coix

Cheilanthes . . . 726 uell. . 403| arundinacea, Willd. 515

caudata, Br. voa o Fy oar sein Br. .403| barba ata, Roxb. . . 515

contigua, Bak. . . 727| asperum, F. Muell. 412| — Konigii, Spreng. - 516

Br. 774 decompositum, Br. . 417|Colocasia. . . . . 165

oaeee] - Muti e deustum, Br.. . ,416| antiquorum, Schott 155

727| dubium, Nees . . 404| macro — Scho

t, rung HRS . 714 elynanthoides, F 4 melyn =

, Kunze ! Muell. . » 409 “agrostophylla, F

tenuifolia, Sw. . 6; filum, Br. , ( Muell.

vellea, F. Muell. 773| filum, Br i 3| ‘communis, 'F. Muell. 84

we Pia ae lum, Nees 9| cyanea, Br. . + >» 84

lomeratum, Br 04| ensifolia, Br.. . . 83

cyathopoda, F.Muell.516| Gunnii, Hook ? 407! gigantea, Vahl . . 88

Koni, i en 403|! lanceolata, Br. . . 84

amy 3 jun Br. 18 | undulata, wa siis E

juncifoliwn, Salisb. 44| lamigerum, Br. . . 416 COMMELYNA

1 $ o4 ia 2 issimum, F. Muell.405 | Coprosmantb, Kunth E

Y acicularis, Lind/. . 612| laxiflorum, Hook. f, 408 Cord ine

barbata, Sw.. . . 613) laxum, Benth. . . 405 pire olia, Y Kunth. 22

DC. mariscus, Dr. . . 402, canna

s; medium, Br. . . . 416 | congesta, Runt

ocarpum, F. Haageana, C.

Muell. , . . . 414 Aedychioides,F.

INDEX

Page

Manners - Suttonic,

ies Muell.

Turchisonia, F. Muell, 22

Adot C. Koch 2

Rumphii, F. Muell.. 20

sepiaria, Seem. . .

stricta, Endl. 2

terminalis, Kunth 21

Coridochl

rinrin i F.

Muell.

dichotoma, F. Muell. 50

eriflora, F. Muell, 49

Cor voti

australis, Br. . . 147

tis 8

axillaris, Rem. et Sch. „82

Cyathea 70

arachnoidea, "Hook. 108

‘Vipin ja

Lindseyana, Hook. . 70

Mac

medullaris, As 708

Moorei, Hoo Bak. tou

Cyathoch

avenacea, Ben th. e

clandestina, Benth. 351

diandra, Nees . 952

recte Nees . 951

Cyeno

Hegeli, Endl, . . 168

line im nd. . 168

Cymod CET

ieetubcsi "Endl. 177

ciliata, Ehren. 247

isoetifolia, ‘Aschers . 178

serrulata, Aschers . 178

serrulata, F. Muell a

peat a Muell, . . 609

tenellus, Br. 609

virgatus, Nees . 618

Cynosurus

egypticus, Linn 615

aureus, Linn 36

ponent, 246

Cy dee

pabet Br.

alopecuroides, o Rottb. T

OF GENERA AND

angulatus, Nees

angustatus, Br

aquatilis, Br. 70

voe F. Muell. 261

j- By. 59

dristifué, 'F. Muell. 268

aristatus, Rott 268

strongii, Benth 289

articulatus, Lin 278

ratus, Boeckel. 259

auricomus, b. 86

manni, F.Muell, 287

breviculmis, Br. . 270

eA vai no ertt 258

eet "ug . 260

d ou i. 268

canescen 5, Vahl . . 284

carinatus, Br. . 274

carinatus, . 281

castaneus, Willd. . 267

cephalotes, Vahl 263

compositus, Br. 264

compositus, Backel. 283

concinnus, . 271

ngestus, Vahl — . 280

gestus, var. F.

uell. . > 85

conicus, Bæckel. 290

mbosus, Hook.f. 279

eruciformis, Beckel. 273

cuspidat . 267

es act ylotes, Benth. 273

ebilis, 66

docompostus

Muell.

Dietric. hie, Dockel. pes

diphyllu ; Retz . b ws

ise = mà d

8, Rot

revive diui M

enervis, Br. . à

is, Boeckel. 27

eragrostis, Vahl 258

esculentus, Linn. . 280

exaltatus, Retz ar

ferax, Rich. amp

filipes, Benth, . . 271

flaccidus, Br. . . 270

favescens, Linn. . 259

flavescens, Thw. . 260

flavicomus, Mich. . 261

flavus, kel. . . 258

fulv o» 274

Gilesii, Benth. 274

glaucinus, Beeckel. . 290

All. . 260

SPECIES.

789

k Page

gracilis, Br. . . . 265

283

Hayate Boc

Hochst

ookerianus, Thw. 263

hyalinus, Vahl . . 298

imbecillis, Br. . .270

inflexus; Muehl. . 68

inornatus, Beeckel. . 283

inundatus, Bh ono RU

ria, Linn. 276

Junghuhmi, Mig. 260

Ki ii, Vahl 279

lævigatus, Linn.. . 263

evis, Br... . . + 267

lanceus, Boeckel. . 259

anceus,F. Muell. . 260

laticulmis, Spreng. . 271

leiocaulon, Benth. . 287

Lessonianus, Kunth 270

igularis, B L .258

littoralis, Br. . . 2/9

ucidus, Br. . . . 283

idus, Nees. .

enii, Boeckel. . 280

luteolus, Beckel. . 261

macellus, Kunth . 270

membranaceus, 258

microcephalus, Br. . 282

microcephalus, 257

minimus, Thunb. . 265

modestulus, Steud. . 265

phalus, ,

onafus, Rottb

nitens, Vahl . . . 298

nitidulus, Bæckel 287

itidus, Lam. 259

nodulosus, F. Muell. 283

ove - Hollandiæ,

CNet. eae

790

Pa Page

pennatus, Beckel. . 286. Pe "ag | prolifera, Hook.. . 714

pictus, Steu 275 gyptiacum, vorn. 615 Lini dig i . 587

pilosus, Vah 275 ead dulans, Bea 615 pitosa, Beaus. . 587

Laeta Br te Dama: iu . 186] Pes oclad

platystylis, Br. australe, Salish "186 | Brunonianus Nees. 243

polystachyus, Rottb. 261 | —€— . 690 dissi

procerus, Vahl 27 276 | niso vdfon, Trin. 590 | p proi dn Nees . 204

pulchellus, Br. . . 265 | Archer, Ho ook, kf dirti bone CAD . 206

pulcherrimus, Willd. 271 bipart rtit . 592| aristata, Nees . . 979

pumilus, Linn. . . 25 chain yt Muell, 592) Banksi, Br. . . . 207

punctatus, Roxb. . 258 sentio Gaudich. Billardieri, Br. . . 207

pygmeus, Rottb. 262 595, a: brevifolia, Nees . . 206

rotundus, Linn. 279| eriantha, Lindl. . ru ndii, Nees . 206

TM ps 3, Gunniana, Nees e raid . .208

. 284, lappacea, Lindl 8 F. Mu ell. 205

saber, Benth. i = inkii, Kunth 595 | fongifolia Gaudich. pe

scariosus, m longifolia, Br 593| Patersoni, Br.

sexfloru nervosa, Hook 589| pulvinata, Br : 205

erem Kunth 274, 289 pallida, Br. 92 | illa, . 206

Sieberi, Nee 258 AE ve Br 591 | strigosa, Br 207

Siderians, Spreng. 257 | | pauciflora, Br. . 69 rape | tenwior, Br. . . 208

ceckel. 265. pectinata, Lindl. Urvillei, Steud, . . 206

iion penicillata, B. Muell. pred rer SIO sii cdi te

Motos eion wt p $ 594 | a, Kunt 580

spectabilis, Schreb. . 258| pilosa, Trin. . 596 AK Benth. . . 918

sporobolus, Br. . 281 acemosa, Br. 94| avenacea, Spreng. 90

sq us, Linn. . 268) robusta, F. F, Muell. . 593 Billardieri, Kunth. . 580

squarrosus, F. Mue semiannuleris, Br. 9 breviglumis, Benth. 584

267, 68) setacea, Br. 5| cylindrica, th 582

stenostachyus,Benth. 280| setacea, Hook kaa 596 | densa, Benth. 582

subulatus, Br . 281) subuluta, Hook. f. . 595) mo:

subulatus, Sieb 277 ne — aed Benth. 580

rinamensis, Rottb. 257 ae 595 Forsteri, Kunth 579

tegetiformis, Roxb. . 278 Dan nin 117| frigida, F. Mu jl. . 583

, Linn . 265 brome Br.. 118) Gunniana, Benth. . 584

tetracarpus, Boeckel. 290 par us minor, Benth. 582

tetraphyllus, Br. . 269 119| montana, Benth. . 581

textilis, F. Muell. . 273 oBliguifoine, nr lt pa nivalis, Benth. . 583

tremulus, Poir. . . 262 plebeia, Benth. 580

trichostachys, Benth. 287 brachypoda, B Bak. 730 quadriseta, 581

trinervis, Br.. . . 269| dubia, Br. . . 716| retrofracta, Kunth 580

umbellatus, Benth. . 289 ‘equa, Sw. . 715 man Benth. 583

uncinatus, Br. . . 268| flaccida, Br. . 717 | Dian 13

i i nephrodioides, F. anguaiifolia, Še Schult 14

komy EAT, 14

. 716 stars Sims 6

cnn dotes, Don. 717 congesta, Br 16

Land Cav. . . 716 a, Lind 14

lida bd p> divaricata, , A5

spelun pages elegans, F. Muell 15

tripinnata, # Muell, T17 elegans, oe Pe

meme 16

daceliidn T. emi Kunth oni

Me + 713 Too Baker

. 714 is, y

deri. etGrev.714. levis, Hook. e 14

nephrodioides, Bak. 714 ifolia, Br. . 15

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

longifolia, Bot. Reg.

nemorosa, Jacq. . .

Drummondiana,

Steu i

Forsteriana,

a, Endl. .

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

stipoides, Hook. f. . 567

vulg rin. 75

Dichopogon . . 58

humilis, Kunth 58

setosus, Kunth. 58

Sieberianus, Kunth. 59

strictus, Baker . 58

dulatus, Reg. . 58

Dick LOL UTI

antarctica, Labill. . 712

odes, Br. . . 713

, Gaudich. . 717

nitidula, Metten. 713

osa, F. Mu 18

Youngie, C. Moore 718

Diclidopteris

angustissima,

Brackenr 740

Dictyogramme

pinnata, T. Moore 777

Dictyopteris

attenuata, Presl 768

Didymocheta

Pewee’ Steud 581

" fifi a, Pie 414

Digitaria "s s

sanguinalis, vo

ennt . 522

Kaian P y. . 52

prr F. Muell 523

tenera, Trin . 523

scorea

lucida, Br. "y.

Diplachne . . 618

fusca, Beauv . 619!

791

loliiformis, F. Muell. ‘613 * sat Steud. . . ‘600

Muelleri, Benth.. . 619 | Ect 33

parvi m , Benth. |. 620| sevostoides Benth. . 634

Diplacru |! Gulliveri iF Muell. 634

ARAM; Br. leporina, Br. . . .

pygmewn, Bock. 427 | Schultzii, Benth. . 633

triden ad: Brongn. 2 7| Be ses ghia O

[cineri a, Gr iff. . 182 Ehrharta P 550

Dipl cuminata, Spreng. . 555

polypodioide, Mett. 751 brevifolia, Schrad. . 551

ontexta, F. Muell.. 554

Ogee Hook.f. 553 a, F. Muell. 553

Diplopogon . . 573| distichophylla,Labill. 554

setaceus, Br . 573 uncea, Spreng. 54

Dipogonia levis, ng 554

— 2 . 573| longiflora, Sm. 551

stipoides, ‘Labill. . 552

Disa

antartioum, Labill. 558

Disco

Dr iene ires 384

Distichlis 637

maritima, Raf $ . 637

thalassica, Desv. . 638

Dithyro PHILS

tes . 740

. 741

beshnoides d. Cuna. den

eter mas

rupestris, "Kaulf.' see

Dracena . 19

angustifolia, Rosd. . 20

ferrea, Li 21

filiformis, Thunb 104

obliqua, Thunb 105

reflexa, F. Muell 20

stricta, Sim 22

terminalis, Jacq, 21

Dracontium

polyphyllum, Br 155

Drymophila 12

cyanocarpa, Br =

Moorei, Baker

B Muell. 13|

nari

diver: vrai olia J. Sm.. 771

cotes e Sm. . 772

Linn . 772

i mene ea . eek

—— F.

oe PER SL

Echin a

s-galli, Beauv. 479

Echinopogon - - 599

nia Nees . 584

ovatus, Beauv. - 599

——— kt 554

is, F.

ll. 554

. 778

Electrosperma

austr — REE, 195

Eleocharis v. Heleo

ch 4 uM

Eleusine d . 614

tiaca, Pers. . 615

ata, Lam . 615

digitata, Spreng. - 617

mcns de € M n Pel

polystachya E Musli Lait

Padi ene . 615

toners it Road. . 616

Elionur ` o «509

itreus, Munro - 510

Elynanthus . CS 895

australis, Nees . . 409

bifidus, Ne 373

capillaceus, Benth, 377

capitatus, 358

grandiflorus, Nees 367

obtusifolius, Nees 366

octandrus, Nees. . 377

revolutus, Nees . 376

sculptus, Nees - 375

Elytrophorus - - * 638

articul Beauv. . 638

Epiandra

teretifolia, Presl. - 414

Eragrostis - - >» 641

rownii, Nees eS we 646

chsetophylla, Steud.. 648

cinna, Steud.. . 647

decipiens, Steud. - 617

792

Page

loliiforimis, F. Muell. 619

microstachya, F.

uell. . . 607

ovina, linn. . . . 664

goce, debi . 666

plebei )

FER Steud. . 665

rigida, Mert. et Koch 664

, Labill

scabra . 665

scirpoidea, d Muell. 655

syrtica, F. Muell. . 658

triticoides, Steud. . 656

unioloides, Willd 662

a, F. 606

Fiticrs . . 685

Pici a " 98

cic i 301

die CR hl . 301

acuminata, F. Muell. 302

is rak ick BLO

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page er

eriopoda, Benth. 648, achiton, Ko . 194

eximia, Steud. 642 Ki iar ea Keer n. pe

falcata, Gaudich. 6419, australe, Br.

illa, Benth. 643 | eiliforum,] : Muell. 193

imbecilla, Steud. 617, cinereum,

interrupta, Steud. . 64 concretum, ^ Muell. 185

lacunaria, F. Muell. 649 depressum, Br 197

puo 1 md «~ 648| deu Mitr a E

leptocarpa, ary üetulos 3, Br. 197

SUN Md ag p» 645. Mterntii Benth. 193

egalosperma, F. | heter ba

Muell. . 644 EE hg

nigra, Nees 643 dier tay P Muell. .:195

garviftora, Trin. 645 aio RE 4

pellucida, Steud. 64 1

pilosa, Beauv. . . 645. nanum, un. P etur i

pubescens, Steud. . 647 | uh Br. ;

Schultzii, Benth, 646, pallidum , E

setifolia, Nees 649 | pusilla

speciosa, Ste qu d 192 |

stenostachya, Steud. Ero scariosum, . 197; androgyna 304

tenella, Beauv. . . 643) Schultei Benth. 2 aphylla, F. Muell . 423

trichophylla, Benth. meee a : is, 312

bees Steud 647. eS australica, Boeckel. 301

Eriac spec otabil ile, F. Muell. 196. barbata, pn n

agrostidee, `F. Muell. tortu vp F. Muell. 196, biflora kel. .

tidea, F. Muell. . 629. | Beno brachy ena T Muell. 313

Armittii, F. Muell.. 627 | ae jos th. 3 brevifol ia, Br. . 312

avenacea, Br. . 7 629 punctata, Hamilt, . . 462 | Brownii, Benth. 308

brevifolia, Br. - 632 | Zurostorrhiza |. esspitosa, Br. . 313

capillaris, Br, . 632| Urvillei, i, Steud. . 420 capillaris, 4. Gr. . 322

ch is, H - 630) Bus . 17| capitata, Br. 320

ci D ise angustifolius, Br. - 18, | cardiocarpa,F. Muell. 808

OM RE Muell. Em i, F. Muell.. 18) cephalophora, F.

uea, 628 eruca r. 18| Muel. . 320

melicacea, F. Muell 631 Watsonianus, Mig. . 18, cinnamometorum,

mucronata, . . 632) Evandra ‘ . 424 unth . 818

obtusa, Br. - 632, aristata, . Br. ý 424| communis, Kanth . 312

ovata, Nees - 630| pau uciflura, Br. 425 corynocarya, .

pallescens, Hr. . . 630 XOCATYR! 2... BBO v AME

ida, F. Muell. . 631| scleroides, Benth. . 339| cylindrocarpa,

Preissiana. 15020 Kunth Po

rara, Br. . . . . 628) Fest ..662| cymosa, Br. . . . 318

to sr ir f Muell. 627 Billardieri, Ber 665| cyperoides, Br. . . 317

scleranthoides, F. romoides, Linn. . 663| Dallaehyi, F. Muell. 309

Mue A : . 631 Bama, Steud. . 665 debilis, F. Muell. . 315

setacea, Benth. . 629 uell.. 620, decora, Nees. . . 319

1 sa, Bo, + C28 Sie Hook. decumbens, Boeckel. 301

stipacea, . F. Muell. | 627 E denudata, Br. . 813

Erian ves, F. depauperata, Br. . 311

articuiatus,F.Muell, 525 duriuscula, Linn. 663, dichotoma, Vaki . 310

fulvus, Kunth. $26 | fiui 658! dichotoma, Hook. f.. 309

irritans, Kunth... . 626 fusca, Ludi . 619) diphylla, Vahl < S11

Rozburghii,F.Muell. 527 Hookeriana,F. Muell. 656, elata, Br. . . . 313

, EF. Muell . 527 . 607! elongata, Br. . . 812

B marat os AO Latispicea, F. Muell. ded ferruginea, Vahl. . 312

+ + - 190! littoralis, Labill,

Jem Kunth

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

a, 318} trigastrocarya. :

gracilis, Br 312| Med. D vom 305 chee, rt 608

Juncea, Q Bis achya Br. 12 dishotos a, ;

leptoclada, pi a rach N eee. 812| fla de joa on

leucocolea, Ben variabilis, Br. 1 Her re us

Isiostact ect 302 elata, Br. 309, microphyl

rantha, Beckel. 307| xyridis, Br. 307 beer Muell. Pd

Pardini, lagellaria . 10 wupestris, Br. . 697

ckel, 819| indica, Linn 10| semivestita, Labill. . 697

microcarya, P. "Muell. 316 Floscopa . . 88; spelunca, Br . 697

miliacea, Vahl paniculata, Hassk 89| te e, . 698

monandra, F. Muell. 306 Bett . 150 | Glyce . 656

mon stachya, Hassk. 308 xcelsa, F. 151 sustain, Steud. . 659

inultifolia, Beckel. . 319 Gandichaudi, Benn. 151| dives, F. Muell.. . 659

oni, F. Muell.. 320 | Fui fluita en Br. P. CUBE

nuda, Beckel. 302| arenos , Br. 338| Fordeana, F. oe

nutans, Vahi. . . 3803| glome a, Lam 3 latispicea, F. Muell. 658

obtusangula, F. | prae Rott. 337} ramigera, n . Muell. . 659

Mue . 915| stricta, Hoo . 658

obtusifolia, Nees » 812 | Gahnia . ena teue 410 ene P . 658

Petit ut Muel 307 sa alge F. Goniophlebium

pallescens. 4 . 41 sa miror

parviflora, . 310) ibm. F. "Muell. . 416 Presl. TIL

pauciflora, Br. ; B08 | aspera, Spr. . . . 412| werr agence “Bail. . 770

pauci rH F. | dosodipósité, Benth. 417 Ms rece

12| deusta, Benth. . . 416 Mesbrecktii Bail.. 766

p mi B 423, erythrocarpa, Br. . 419 en , F. Muell. 766

platystachys, I 321. goniocarpa, Steud. . 419| lineata, Bedd. . . 766

ha, Bæckel. ES lanigera, Benth. . . 415 cilophlebia, Bail.. 766

aeai e E Br. . 3804| leucocarpa, Br. . 419, prolifera, Presl . . 765

propinqua, Br. . - 30 f melanocarpa, Br. . 413 rop I- 3 700

pterygosperma, Br. 9 lanocarpa,Hook.f. 417 GRAMINEE . . . . 449

pumila, Benth. . . 303 microstachya, Benth. 414 iis . . 774

punctata, Br. . . 302| polyphylla, Benth. . 415 mpla, F. Muell. . 777

mE de elas Pri , Ne 4l ustralis, Br. . 63

ate 317| psittacorum, Labill. 418 — Billardieri, Willd. . 763

t psittacorum, 414 dlechnoides, Grev. . 763

yiri F. Muell. 302| radula, Bent A7 fasciculata, Bl. . . 63

Royeniana, Nees . 312| Sieberi, Bæckel. 414|) heterophylla, Labill. 764

schenoides, Ho "s f. 302 ieberiana, Kunth 419 | leptophylla, Sw. . 76

Schultzii, Bockel. 330| sulcata, F. Mull. . 408 | uelleri, Hook. 75

sericea, Br 31 tetragonocarpa, | pinnata, F. Muell. . 776

setacea, Bent 301 Boeckel . . . . 418) rec, Be Muell. 715

solidifolia, F. Muell. 315) trifida, Labil. . 413, rutefolia tos . 715

sphiserocepha Urvilleana, Kunth. 419.

— xanthocarpa, Hook.f. 418. Delort Wendl.

spiralis, . . 3814| Gamelythrum | et Dr. . 137

Spiroetiy, £P. | denudatum, Nees . 599. Forsteriana, Wendl

. .911, turbinatum, Nees . 599| . 138

Moss ee EY Muell. 310 | Geitonoplesium . 248i Gymnochata :

. 8l och . ces ERES

subbulbosa, Benth. . 305 mosum, 4. Cunn.. 19, elliptica, Bak . .777

idit. . .805| montanum, A. Cunn. 19) leptophylla, Desv. . 778

trachyearya, F. OU. A c AE 908 1 Muelleri, Hook.. . 775

Mus . . . . 816! alpina . + 698 =

794 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page. age

pinna e^. n dul | Helminthostaechys . . 690 ae Br.. 337

Pozoi, : ie Hook. . 690 iios Br. 538

rut vus k. E é ee ‘lan s, Br. 540

million Hook. us, Steud. . 463 redolens, 1 "Forst. . OLG

> - 776 | Hehris s pullo, ologam

cect Nee . 375 nervosum, E Néi dips inn

adustus, Nees . 880 | nathi 510 | Hordeu : . DDU

spherocephalus, compressa, Br. a "DIOT . m A Lina. 669

ELS 380. Sate aN fa ur E 511| nodosum, Linn. 669

Gymnostachys . . 15 unci . 511| pratense, Huds. . . 670

anceps, Br. . à 157 Hemi itis er isa Schreb. . 670

peated elongata, Brack. 776 TC

ompressa, Brongn. . 496. Hemitelia . 709 elmoreana, Becc. . 137

jen Kunth. . 496, Godefroy p Lurs, ; 400 Foritór iid Bece. . 138

| F. Humata

708| pedata, J, Sm. 716

Halophila . Moorei, nis 709 | Hudriastele

a Hook. Pe: et Herpolirion : 6 "a

ud. . 182 Novæ-Zelandiæ, Wendl. et Dr. 138

spinulosa, Benth. - 183 Hook. Í 61 | ZTydroglos

Hedys asmanie, Hook. f. 61| scandens, Presl 692

eto Fils cia: hne

Wendl. et Dr. 138. pygmea, Endl. . 75| myurus, Beauv. 481

Heleocharis . 2900 Heterachne . . 634 | Hymenolepis

acicularis, Br. .297| B ii, Bent 635| spiccata, Presl . . 780

uta, Br. . 294 Gulliveri, Benth 635 | Hymenophyllum . . 704

atricha, Br. à 295 | Heteropogon 1 rispatum, Wall» . 706

atropurpure a, Kunth 296! con DE = et S. . 517 Pct Aem Labill. 706

se a Steud. . 292 irtus. 1 demissum, F, Muell.. 706

capitata, 296 insignis a 517| fia Sieh: Labill. . 705

chetaria, R. et S... 292| Hew 25| flabellatum, Br. . . 706

compacta, Br. . . 293 tasmanica, Hook. 25| Gunnii, Bosch . 708

cylindr hys, Hezale javanicum, Spr. . . 705

Beckel.. seabrifolius, Bockel. 412 arginatum, Hook.

Dietrichiana, Bæckel. 295 Hexatheca et Gr ARE n

fistulosa, Schult. australis, Bond 180| minimum, A. Rich. . 706

graecis Br . . goed 08.5 55 Moorei, Baker . . 706

gracilis, Hook.f. . 295| alpina, Hook. f. 559| multifidum, Sw. 07

: SS. Bockel. 296| an retica, Br. . . 558 Bere E

gracillima, Hook. f. borealis, Hook. f. . 559| pumilum, Moore . 706

ipm auth Nees . 295 i, Hook. . 559| rarum, Br. . 708

multicaulis, Sm. . . 295 ora, Hook. f. . 559| semibivalve, "Hook.

fusa, I uell. . 294 redolens, Br. «DD . 708

palustris, F. Muell. 295| submutica, F. Muell. 559 tunbridgense, -

plantaginea, ». dgsonia ypelyptum argenteum,

Nub . . , 202 pedahe ai Muell. 2 Vahl . 836

, Br. e 297 n microcephalum, Br.. 337

recurvata, Nees . . 297 nd ypolen . 237

setacea, Br. . . . 296 F. Muell 45 Bunbeeti P. Muell. 240

Sieberi, Kunth . . 968 Holcus . 585 _ E

sphacelata, Br. . . 392| cerulescens, fastigiata, de. 1399

spiralis, Br. . . . 292 udich. . 538| fastigiata, Nees 240

tetraqu Nees . 294| elongatus, Br. . . 539 Lisci Benth. . 239

. Variegata, Kunth . 293 P BE 541 — F.

Heleogenus, N i^ Gryllus, Br. . . . 597 . 240

rov MP EUN halepensis, Linn. . 540 oere Benth. :

acorifolia, F. Muell. 75' lanatus, Linn. . . 586 longissima, Benth.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPEUIES.

Page Page

pubescens, Nees 242, 24 Bergiana, Schult. . 328| commutatus, Steud . 131

Hypolepis . . 726| capillaris, R. et S. . 322| conglomeratus, Linn. 129

tenuifolia, Bernh 726 Bee he Br. . 328] correctus, Steud. 130

Hypolytrum . 83 congru 9 Vd ruin dioicus, Steud. . . 125

costatum, T . . 942| consper. 329| effusus, Linn. 129

giganteum, Wall. 339 vr gan 2 Hook. f. 326 falcatus, E. Mey. 126

latifolium, Rich, 339, cyperoides, Br. . 327 cilis, Br. . 125

pandanophyllum, fluitans, Br. 2 : 326 Gunnii, Hook. f. 130

Boule 0; 341 Gaudichaudiana, holoschenus. 131

Hypoporun nt 330 homalo coulis,

pygmeum, im 497, Gunnii, Steud. . . 330 F. Mue 128

capillare, Nee 429 undata, Br.. 829 irs am. 130

ieberi, Nees 429| lenticularis, Br.. . 826| pallidus, Br. . . . 130

enticularis, Hook f. 325| pallidus, Hook. f. . 129

Impera 535| margaritifera, Nees. 374| — pauciflorui 129

doles Cyr. 536, Micheliana, F. M planifolius, B7 125

Iphigeni 30 63, ebeius, Br. 127

indica, Kunth 31 RR a lebeius, Ste 128

Isachne . . - 624 a, prismatocarpus, Br. 131

australis, zm i 625 vem Noob : 228 volutus, Br. 28

myosotis, Vee 625 prelongata, Nees . 331 tasmanicus, ven 127

simpliciuscula, W. et prolifera, Br.. . . 33 vaginatus, 29

. 626 rolifera, Hook. f. . 329| | vaginatus, E. Mey. . 130

Ischemum . . 518| propinqua, Br. 329

arundinaceum, F. opingua, Nees 328

zes819 ria, Br. 327 | Kentia . 18

een Br. 519 viana, Schult 327 acuminata, ‘Wendl et

ciliare, Retz . 520! setacea, Br. . 7 à R

decumbens, Benth. . 521| squarrosa, R. et 8. . 329 Belmoreans, D

fragile, Br. . 522 supina, Br. . 331 oo

laxum, Br Urvillei, Steud. 330 Gusto di sui F.

wise vá 520 Isoschenus Melt. . 5. 188

pectin: . 521 | . 861| Forsteriana, F.

rita, des . 514, barbatus, N 60 Mue . 138

um, Br. . . 519, Drum mondi, Steud. yo minor, F. Muell. . 137

truncatigiune F. flavus. “Neo ; monostachya, F.

Muel p | Muell. . 136

villosum, Br . 520 | Johnsonia .. +. 68| Mooreana, F. Muell. 139

Iseilema pep Endl 69 dlandiana, F.

Mitchelli, Anders. . 543 | indl. 69 Muell. . . .188

soetes . 671: bii, Endl. 69 | Kentiopsis, Brongn. . 135

Dr ummondii, ‘A. Br. 672. ;, 68| Kg « . -- 9

elatior, F. Muell. . 672 mora Bidt . 69| argentea, Preiss . 120

Gunnii, A. Br 72 s, Lindl. . 68| australis Br.. . . 119

Hookeri, A 672 | refi Endl. . 68|Koleia . . . 639

humilior, F. Muell.. 672 J . . s». 92| cristata, Pers. 639

stris, . 671 | Juncella phleoides, Pers. . . 689

Muelleri, A. Br. 671 gs RE F. X ed Kreysigia . . 92

pheospora, Dur 672 Jun mulio JA. . 32

Stuartii, A. Br. . . 672) aprostophylls ylinga . - - + - 250

tasmanica, F. Mueli. 672 | Muell . 127| cylindrica, Nees. - 252

tripus, A. Br. + 72 australis, Hook. f. . 1 intermedia, Br. . . 251

solepis | rownei, F. Muell.. 128 onocephala, db. 251

acaulis, F. Muell. . 324 onius, Linn, . . 127) panic Rottb. - - -

wes m f. . 328 emspititius, E. Mey. 1 pumila, Mich. ' 252

a, Nees . 1, cap , Hook. f. 132| triceps, Rottb.

rer Bee 321' co , E. Mey.. 128! umbellata, Rottb. -

796

Lachnagrostis

Preissti, Neee . . 5

retro ofracta a; Trin: 679

Wilidenowii, Trin. «3549 |

La adi

australasicus,

endl. et Dr 140

Lamarckia . . 636

aurea, Manch 636

otn

aspera, . . 412

hexandra, duc . . 413

Lappago 506

racemosa, Willd. 506

Lastrea

istata, T. Moore . 758

decomposita, Presl . 759

Jlaccida, Be sir 00

Laxma ^ 4:408

acuta, E viorel

brachyphylla, F.

Mue . 66

gracilis, . 65

EM Lindl. . 64

grandiflora, Endl. . 65

illecebrosa, aape

minor, “a 65

minor, 66

paleaceo, F. Mell 64 |

pauciflora, Endl 65

ramosa, Lindl. . 66

Roei, Endl. . 65

sessiliflora, €. 66

sessilis, Lindl. . 67

uarrosa, Lindl, 64

squarrosa, Endl. 64

sylvestris, Endl. . 65

Leersin. - ss . 549

australis, Br. . "

hexandra, Sw, 49

mexicana, Kunth . 549

ir A ees À 162

arrhiza, Linn. . 162

gibba, Linn. . 1

mel hiza, FE

Muel. . . 163

r, Linn. . 16

ete -

lica Br.

are, N

longitudinale, a ii. 9

longitudin

eode

soent Bakel

i, Kun

rad s

iflorum,

pubisquameum,

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page age

wah Serine F. | striatum, Br. . . 399

ell, . 244 — striatum, F. Mu ell. . 400

Pressins, Nese. 245, ten Bent 397

"Lepidos op . 384, tetgagonum, Labill. . 406

ang . 391 ragonum, Nees . 400

angani folium Honk 394| tetragynum, Dr. . . 394

aphyllu . 995. raquetrum, Nees. 388

olas F. Muell 400! tortuosum, uell. 398 `

Brunonianum, Nees 392 | tuberculatum, sna 392

escens, Be i 396 | uncinatum , 379

earphoides, F. Muell. 400 ustulatum, E . 391

chinense, Nees 399 viscidum, . 393

cavum, Br. 390 DAE Boodkeh 384

concavum, Hook. . 394| | Lepilena . . 179

confine, Nees 399). australis, Drumm. . 179

congestum, Br . 994 T carpa,

ostale, Nees . 393 | nth. . 180

Drummondii, Benth. 391 Preis F. Muell. . 180

effusum, Bent 387 | Lepiro . 942

elatius, Labill 388 mucronata, hab. 342

ensatum, Nee 387 | Leptas : 48

xaltatum, . 889, banksii, Bre. 548

filiforme, Labill. . 398 | Leptocarpus. . 230

iatum, Nees . 391 aristatus, Br. . . 235

sum, aristatus, F. Muell.. 235

gladiatum, Labill Brownii, Hook. . 233

gladiatum, Ne ies: ees . 234

globosum, Labill ciliaris, Nees 34

cile, Br. paes eko Nees . 234

unnii, Bæckel desertus, F. Mue! 237,

hu eh Beckel elatior, Br. . 236

eve, ; ianthus, Benth 235

lat spas Br. . glaucus, Nees 20

intor ale, Hook. à ramosus, oe . 236

Sil Benth. scariosus, 232

Schultzii, Broth. . 237

setuligerus, F. Muell.

simplex, Br. . . 234

spathaceu 8, Br. 236

squarrosus, Nees . 238

tenax, 2

F. Mue 233

eptochlo 616

chinensis, Nees . . 617

ca, Kunth +619

loliiformis, F. ll. 619

polystachya, Benth. 617

T osa, Kunth . 616

subdigitata. TN 617

tenerrima, Kun 0H

verticillata, ets , 616

ep . 667

cylindricus, Trin. n ne

incurva í

pue 668.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

subulatus, Kunth. Ld

Lepyrodia . .

Miet Sat

. » 220

Pise: € 216

Dnata

St . 219

elongata, Spreng. . 238

glauca, F. Mue . 219

graci ilis, Br. . 216

hermaphrodita, Br.. ox

nta oni odita, Nees 215

aF.

uell.

ario a, Br.

eirig Br. $ ` r SIA

stricta, Nees e 216

suecedanea, Nees . 218

tasmanica, Hook. f-. 216

er i nica, F. Muell. 316}

. 144

Lic

Muelle ji W. en dl. ‘t

. 145

— Litobrochia

Miineana, Bail. . .

tripartita, Presl . 733

vespertilionis, Presl. 732

ivistona . . . 145

ustralis, Mart 146

umilis, Br . 146

inermis, 6

inermi 8,

T. C14

Wendl. et

: 14

Leica dti; F.

ell.

Ransayi, F. Muell. 145

Lolium . 666

inicola, Sond. 667

perenne, "m . 66

tem x m Lina. . ,667

Loman

longifolia, Labill. 98

rigida, Labill : 99

ria . ; 73

lpina, Spreng. . . 736

iculata, F. Muell. 738

nuata, Willd. . 736

auriculata, Bak. . 737

Um g

ACEE . 2 euphlebia, Kunze 738

Limnostachys iatilis, 736

cyanea, F. Muell. 73. Faullageri, F. Muell. 737

indsæa . Du TE lanceolata, Spr 735

concinna, J. Sm. . 720 Patersoni, Spreng. . 734

cultrata, Sw.. . . 719, procera, Spreng.. . 737

pae Bail.. 2. 719 vulcanica, Blume . 735

ensifo EE T. ré ta

“flabellulata, Dry. 720, Brightie, F. Muell. 779

Fraseri, Hook. 721 | Loxocarya, . . 240

heterophylla, Dry. . 722, cinerea, Br. 243

heterophylla, Prent. 719. densa, Benth. 241

incisa, Prent. 3 asciculata, Benth. . 242

lanceolata, Labill. 722 flexuosa, Benth. 243

lanuginosa, Wall. . 722| pubescens, Benth. . 242

linearis, Sw. . . . 719| vestita, Ben 241

lobata; Poir.. - 720, virgata, Benth.. . 242

ia, Br. . . . 720 | Luzula . 122

phylla, ‘ 721. australasica, Steud. 122

pentaphylla, Hook. -722| campes apneic ie

polymorpha, Hook. | Je ngiflora, Benth. .

e mem $ . 720 | hes xy Hook. f. . 122

0 Luzuri

Dry. . 720

trichomanoides Dry 720 caput es Poir. s

Linos, ;

n diio, Sap cose 137 latifolia Por I$

Li ha pe m. oe

36 | Lye ve

argentea. Br. ina

icrocepbala. arbatas A. c

mi p Kunth 337 | e oM

Page

oe F.

211

LYCOPODIACEE 670

Lycopodium 673

Belangeri, Bory . . 679

lardieri, Spreng. 674

eben ee Linn. 675

ernuum, Linn . 676

clavatum, Linn + 675

concinnum, dw. ; 679

de 118, 676

densum, Labill 676

diffusu (wf Mis 5

diffusum, S pri

Drummondii, Spreng 6 676

675

fastigiatum,

flabellatum, Linn. . 67

racillimum, nze 678

laterale; Br. . 675

phlegmaria, Linn, . 674

pumili . 619

sanguivorb Spring 672

Forst. . 676

aid en 674

praec Kunze 675

tannense, Spreng. . 681

uliginosum, Labill. ud

. 674

volubils Forst. . 677

Lygodium . . t 691

japonicu m, Sw... 692

micro, HET Ea m, Br. . 692

de nr Schk. . 692

. 691

somibipiswatil Br. 692

Macherina

resinosa, Nees . 393

lacohet

littoralis, Nees . . 334

anisuris P E

ularis, He. . BH

Mapania s gs . 940

hypol 1 A

ypolytroid e c E

iios . 694

ariscus

conicus, Br. . . . 290

,Br. . 289

levis, Br. oo WAR

paniceus, Vahl . . 290

parviflorus, Nees - 257

rigidus, Spr. . . . 258

scaber, Br 288

798

Page | Page

umbellatus, Vahl. . 289 | gpelunon, T. Moore 717

Marsilea 683 Mili

angustifolia, Br., 683 punctatum, Linn. . 462

683 | Milligan 25

Adr Pa p 684 densillora, ‘Hoo k.f. 26

ABr 2o. 23084 inf. L^ 26

exarata, A. Br. 684 longifolia. b. Josie 20

a, B 68 tylosa, F. Med redd

hirsutissima, A. Br. 684| Monachather

Howittiana, A. Br.. 68 parade, Steud. . 592

ra, . 68

macropus, Hook 684. Patin Gaudich. . 668

Muelleri, A. B . 634) Monochoria . . 72

Nardu, A. . 68 cyanea, F. Muell. . 72

oxaloides, 684} va mats, fret 73

quadrifolia, Zinn. . 683 | Monogra v» AD

salvatrixz, A. Br. . 684 4 'unghuhnii, ‘Hook. 740

sericea, A. Br. . 684

I o . 682 Wallichii, Nees. . 349

au uehlenbergia

iriglochinides, F. ciurea, Trin. . 575

2 ell. 2... «169 crinita; rin.. 574

Med: llicoma, Nees, . 574

angustifolia, Red. 19 RAE Kunth . . 546

T. Muell . 223 RN 3 . 164

Na chya nao ERO

omore ha, Beauv. 647 gramine A. Br. . 18

[icia bos 181

Sieberi, Schrad. 414, 421 tenuifolia, B 181

Melanthium | ephrodium

ownei, Schlecht. . 30) abruptum, Presl. . 756

Melica | picale, Bak . 758

NUS Desv. . 558| confluens, F. Muell. 757

Men | decompositum, Br. . 759

cuspidatum, BL. 766 | didym Bedd. 756

Kennedy, F. Muell. 766 | exaltat Perunom A

proliferum, Hook. . 765| hispidum, Hook. . 760

sia lancilobum, Bak, 759

dichotoma, Willd. . 699) m olle, Br. sius OO

mene 377 | Kran Br. . . 755

anceps, Bent . 380) inguum, Br.. 755

poem Benth 379 | “ities 2e ud. cmo us

sii, Nees . . 379. setigerum, Hook. et

sphueroeephala, Bak. . Pd

tenericaule, Hook. . 160

Ron 378 . tenerum, Br. . 759

UH andi 7. Muell. 4i : terminans. ok. 756

Micrai truncatum, Presl 756

subulifolia, F. Muell. gaa unitum, Br. 755

Microchloa n lepis

setacea, Br. . 608 escandens, Bail. . 755

Microlena - +552 cordifolia, Presl 754

Gunnii, Hook. f. . 552 exaltata, Schott. . 754

stipoides, m x Y e | obliterata, Hook. . 755

tasmanica, Hoo, 552 » T. Moore 755

Microlepia s, Brack. 754

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

age

se ee Presl 754

rac arie BOT

pecs KSA -Br 507

Mitchelliana, Nees . 508

unroi, 508

poA 505

Neuros

indian Metten. . 780

Niphobolus

co s 7

pubescens, 68

rupestris, Kaulf. 767

Notholæna . 772

Brownei, Desv, 773

distans, Br. . 714

fragilis, Hook. . . 774

lanuginosa, Poir. . 773

lasiopterus, F.Muell. 773

paucijuga, Bak. 773

pumilio, Br. . . . 773

Reynoldsii, F.Muell. 775

vellea, Bro sic iin 778

Onoclea

a, L ia020790

Onychosepalum. . . 246

laxiflorum, Steud. . 246

Ophioglossum . . . 688

tatu Y 8

ellipticum, Hook.and

. 689

aminewm, , Wina . 688

T rias . 689

arv rds Hook.

dà i rev. . 689

pendulum, Linn 689

reticulatum, Linn. . 689

vulgatum, Linn. . 688

Ophiurus , ; 512

corymbosus, Qærtn. 512

Oplisme nia eL

æmulus, Kunth 492

onum, Kunth 479

compositus, Beauv.. 491 ~

-galli, . 479

flaccidus, 492

imbecillis, Kunth . 492

setarius, R. et Sch. . 492

Oreobolu . 946

distichus, F. Muell. 346

pectinatus, Hook. f. 346

umilio, .

Ornithocephalochloa

arenicola, Kurz .

rnit

dichotomum, Labill..

acrostichoides, Bedd. 7

nfluens, Bail. . . 76

eolonum.

color: teas: F. Muell. 488

. » 430

, Lam. ..- pod

se desir Trin.. - 486

obtusum, H. B. x.

799

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page 2 3 Pag

triandrum, Labill. . 39| compositum, Linn. . 491 poo Bash s p.

ríhopogo: esr F.Muell. 488| — pappos

aemulus, B 492 galli, Linn. . . 479 paractenum, } Kush ius

compositus, Br 491 ananiita F. paradoxu

flaccidus, Br 492 Muell. .469| pa aberit jm acd

imbecillis, Br 492| culicinum, F. Muell. 475 pauciflorum, Br. . 483

Orthoraphium dactylon 609| Petiveri, Trin. . eo

Roylei, Nee 571| decompositum, 89| phleoides, Br.

; 549| distachy [m Linn. . 478 piligerum, i Muell. i

sativa, Linn. . 550, distans, Trix . 475| pilipes, Nee

Osmunda divaricatissimun, etes ie’

barbara, Thunb. 699 Hs. . 467| proliferum, F.Muell. 489

ternata, Thunb.. . 690| effusum, . 488 ol , F. M 490

flavidum, Retz 474| propinquum, Br 461

oliosum, Br 481| prostratum, Lam. . 476

i . . 132| gibbosum, Br 71 eudon ?

" 147, Gilesü, Bent 477 ue 505

Pandanophylum glaree, F. Muell 472| pubescens, Br. . 481

Has : ue g — Linn. 49 sum, Br . 484

Pandan grac nee . . 475| radiatum, Br. . 468

»quntion, F. Muell. 149 Poo. T . 476| ramulare, Trin . 471

Fors Moore et he maproditam, um, Br 473

Mue Steu 485| repens, . . 484

mon thats T. "Muell. 150 holosericeum, Br. 473| reversum, F. Muell. 478

odoratissimus, Linn hygrocharis, F. anguinale, Linn.

148 à 87| semialatum, Br.. . 472

pedunculatus, Br. . . 149 imbecille, Trin. * 2| semitonsum, F.

spiralis, Br. . . . 149| in nequale, F. Muell. 482 uel 483

anicum >. — . . 46 incomptum,F.Muell. 489| setarium, . 492

abortivum, Br. . . 499 dicum, Zinn.. m, . . 493

adspersum, Trin. . 481| interruptum, Willd. 481 aE OO

eB... javanicum, Steud. . 476 ud. . 626

amabile, Balansa . 489| jubiflorum, trm. 47 singulare, Steud. . 486

ammophilum, wen spinescens, Br. . . 499

uell. . 468 e - 486 stenostachyum,

gustum, T ime Lindl 489 Benth. . . 470

antidotale, Pu T narium,F.Muell. 479 | ` striatum, Br. 471

tipodum, Spreng. 625 aniflorum, Nees. . 472| strictum, Br. . 486

arcuatum, Br. . . 480 imscophenin, IH. 8 adriparum,

arium, Brot. . 484 . 472 ic. c od NAME

argenteum, Br. . - AT macracti m, Ben s. 468 orum, Br.. . 461

atrovirens, Trin. 625 macrostachyum Nees 493| tenuissimum, Benth. 470

australe, Spreng. 47 majusculum, F. trach his,

autumnale, F. Muell. 469 ell. . . 482 Benth, . r-t

Baileyi, bye marginatum, Br 489, trichoid Sw.

bicolor, Br. maxim nn. . 484 ncinulatum, Br. . 482

brachyglume Steud. 626 melananthum, F. | erticillatum, Linn.

brizoides, Jacq. 474 Muell. Mm 488| villosum, Br.. - - 4

Brownei, R. et s. 72 um, Linn 488, virgatum, F. Muell. 490

uncei, F. Muell. . 487 nutum, Br. 485| viride Linn- - - -

capillare, F. Muell. . 489 Mitchelli, Benth 489 | Pappophorum Lu na

capillipes, Senth. unroi, F.M 508| avenaceum, pti .

chameraphis, Trin. 500 myosotis, hg 625 oe. u- f at

It jt

cedi up commune, F. Muell. on

Lindl. .

gracile, Br. eae : Gol

800

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Page Page

Ste ans, Br. . 600 was Linn. . 597| digitata, Br. . . . 617

pallidum, Br. 601, minor, Retz cese 556] distichophylla, Bv. . 637

rca Br. . 601 Drummondiana,

virens, = . 601 ani, SN, . 548 ee 653

Paracte Pcr . + 78| elegans, Br 648

No va Holanda, Tear 73, effusa, Steu 53

475| glaberrimum, d Fordeana, F. Muell. 657

Parkeri lanuginosum, Banks 74 lcata, Gaudich 649

prerdiids Hook.. 696 ygmeum, Br 75 | homomalla, Nees. . 651

Paspal . 459 | Phragmites 636| ` Hookeriana, F.,

a Fluegge. 463| communis n 636 | Muell. 3 . 656

brevifolium, Fluegge 461| Phylloglossum . 67 imbecilla, 5017

chinense, Nees. . 462| Drammondii, Kunze 672 imbecilla, Forst.. . 644

distichum, Linn 460 | Phymatodes implexa, Trin ee. 653

littorale, 461 ‘eit Presl . 770| interrupta, . 647

metabolon, Steud. . 460 | Pilul 68 be ie Sieb. . 646

minutiflorum, Steud. 461 globuli. Linn. . 684| levis 52

orbiculare, Fo . 460 e ondes le ida; E Muell. 654

polystachyum, Br. . 460 : . 68 leptostachya, Br. 645

pubescens, Br 460 | Plagios otum . : 494! Maxwelli, Benth 653

unctatum, F luegge. 462 refractum, Benth 494. Michauxi, Kunth . 637

scrobiculatum, Linn. 460 | Platycerium 780, nodosa, Nee 653

„Sieberiamum, Steud. 460 alcicorne, Desv 780| paradora, R. et 8. . 637

Pellæa grande, J. 781 | parviflora, Br 645

Jale . 729 | Platylom | lucida, Br 645

anitis: Fée -.. 729| Browni, J. Sm.. . 729| pilosa, Linn 645

nitida, Bak. . . . 727, fateatum,3.Sm. . 729 beia, à 652

udiuscula, Hook. . 727 | rotundifolium, J. Sm. 730! polymorpha, Br.. . 647

paradoxa, Hook 729 Platyzoma 96| porphyroclados,

rotundifolia, Hook.. 730 microphyllum, Br.. e Nees . . 653

seticaulis, 729 Pleea porrantha, Steud. . 642

Pennisetum . 495| Sieberi, Reichb. 30| pubescens, Br. 647

arnhemicum, F. i leopeltis ramigera, F. Muell. 659

uell. 496 | oides, oore . 772| saxicola, Br. . 654

compressum, Br. . 495! lanceola, Bail. . 768| serpentum, Nee 652

glaucum, Br. . 493| er, T | Sieberiana, Spreng. 653

italicum, ` r ese . 169 | speciosa, R.et S. . 648

japonicum, Trin. . lata, "T. Moore 770 | Sprengelii, Kunth . 644

refractum, F. Muell. ius | Plinthanibegis stenostachya, Br. . 650

zii 1l.. tenuior, Steud. . . 591| syrtica, F. Muell. . 658

verticillatum, oe. - Urvillei, Steud. 591 ella, Linn. . 43

CBE . 494 | Poa . 65 tenella, Rieb. . 645

Pentacraspedon | abor tiva, Br.. 635 nera, F. Muell. . 653

m | affinis, Br 652 alassica, Kunth . 638

598! annua, Linn-. 4| verticillata, Cav 645

Pen Barco : 572! asthenes, R. AB. . 617 Pogonatherum

re dbi Br. : 572 | australis, Br. . 652 coser DISK 525

de ndii, Steud. 582| Billardieri, Steud. . 651 | Po us 89

Perot 509, brizochloa, F. Muell. 653 rispa ata, 90

latifolia, A Ait. 509|! Brownii, K . 647 | pence T LR 90

. 509 . 651| macrophylla, Benth. 90

. 617 | Pollinia ME.

. 60 . 653| articulata, Trin.. . 525

56 . 647, fulva, Benth. . . . 526

617. irritans, Benth. . . 525

: 646 | kinlayi, F. Muell. 527

. 649! pallida, R. et S.

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

v Page Page Page

^ ristachya, Thw. 527| verrucosum, Wall. . 770| comans, Forst. 733

ay pedians GO| Polypogon .546| crenata, Sw. . . . 730

actostichoides, Forst 767| Drumm ondii, Steud. 547 ndliche jana, Àg.. 733

aw choides, Sieb. 767| fu ees . 547] | ensiformis, Burm. . 730

"abor atum, H 767| lit is, Sm. 547| esculenta, be 35041452

sets tn, Br. 768 onspeliensis, Desf. 546 | falcata, B . 729

reum, Linn. 772| simpler, Spreng 546 Felicienna, F.Muell. 733

australe, Mett. 62 ellus, Br 547 niifoli addi 728

Beckleri, Hook 755 | Polystichum incisa, Thunb. . . 732

Billardieri, Br. T coriaceum, Schott . 758| longifolia, Linn. 730-

blechnoides, Hook. 763 stitum, Presl 75 marginata, Bory 733

m, Spr. . 768| PONTEDERACEÆ 72| microptera, Mett. . 733

7 ara "Desv. . . 768| Porroteranthe Milneana, Bak. . . 733

pense, Linn. . . 758 Dru ape Steud. 658 nitida, Br. . 727

confluens, Br . 767 | Posidon . 175| nudiwscula, Br. . . 727

confluens, le 767 sustain, Hook. f . 175 — Bak. -< 729

contiguum, Brack. . 763, Potamogeto . 169| pedati . 729

dichotomum, Thunb. 69 scutifolius, Link... 173 qusdriatfta, Retz . 731

diminutum, k 763| compressus F.Muell. 173| rotundifolia, Forst. . 730

diversifoliu B 771 nn. . 172) tremula, Br. 31 ^

diversifolium, Willd. 770 pgs ORI 171 ect er Sv. . 733

Gaudichaudii, Bl. . 771| gramineus, Hook. f. 173 30

glabram, Mett. . 767 heterophyllus, Hook. eospertilionis,Lebill 732

grammitidis, Br 764 . 171 | Ptychosperma . . 139

ii, Ba 66, A ybridus, Midi. 171 Alexandre, P. Muell. 140

Hookeri, Brach 763| javanicus, Hass 171| Capitis Yorkü,

irioides, Poir. . 71 eodera 174 Wendl. et Dr. 142

Kennedyi, F. Muell. 766 . 170| Cunning jana,

lanceola, F. Muell. . 768 itus "Mert. et Wendl. . 141

Linnei, Bory 77 oc . 172| elegans, Bl. . 141

membranifolium, Br. 769| pectin natus, Linn. . 173 = Benth. 140

molle, Jacq. 756| perfoliatus, Linn. . 172 | Pycreus

rescens, Bl. . 769 peret Muell. 172| — levigatus, Nees . . 263

phymatoded, Linn. p769 — uell. 171

pecilophlebium, disco . 550 | Reedia . 423

k . . . 766| parviflora, Br 550 spathacea, F. Muell. 423

proliferum, Pres! . 765 Poth 157 | Remirea . 847

punctatum, Thunb.. 7 australasicus, maritima, Aubl.. . 347

latum, Forst. . 769 uell. . . 158| pedunculata, Br... 8347

pustulatum, Schk. . 710 | cylindricus, Presl . 158) Wightia all . 347

quercifolium, Linn. . 772 ongipes, Schott . 158 | RESTIAC Soy 208

rigidulum, Sw. . . 771 Loureiri, Hook. Resti eo

rufescens, BL . 759 A a

rugulosum, Labill, . 764 Prionosepalum me es in Muell. 20

osum, Hook. . 76 Gilberti, Steud. 246| applanatus, ,:228

rupestre, Br. . . . 767 Pritzelia . . 74| aust xls, Br. ... B27

ndens, Forst.. . 770| pygm wa Ts Muell. . 74| brizoides, Steud. . 230

seandens, Labill. . 770 | Psilo $ . 681| Brownii, K 4 235

ns, Forst. 767| complanatum, Sw. . 682 chasmatocoleus, F.

setigerum, Hook. et flaccidum, Spreng. - 68 uell. d ond

rn. (i Forsteri, Endl... . 681 channel F.

simplicissmum, F. rique ,Sw.. . 681 Muell. - 5226

Mue . v 768| truncatum, Br 681| cinerascens, Br. . . 232

ipelanediy Ei tini FIT QUE E7 cinerascens, Nees . 233

euberietdalim, Bl: 771. a, Li 731| clavatus, Br. 240

tenellum, Forst. . . 764| arguta, F. Muell. . 731| clavatus, Nees - 240

urophyllum, Wall. . 765 5 Brownii, Desv. . 729 . 928.

802 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page | Page Page

compressus, Br. . . 223 | pte Spreng. . . 381| Fraseri, J. Sm. . . 721

Ntfeitóqimibus , Vahl. . 948 | Schenodum

Steud, . . . 224 avenacea, Spreng. 351| seariosum, Kunth . 232

confinis, Steud. . . 229| Brown i, R. et S. . 349 simplex, Kunth . 234

crispatus, Br, 225 eiar ke er Spreng iis tenax, Labill. 211, 233

e me Nees 238, 421 deusta, Spren Schenus. . ... . 352

curvatus . 222 diandra, na, 352 acuminatus, Br. 369

defo: 1 25| glauca, Vahl 49| acutus,

deformis, Nees ..229 a, aphyllus, Bæckel 361

iffusus, Spreng. . 233) lon ngisetis, armeria, Beckel. . 361

dimorphus, Br. . 224 longisetis, F. gw 350 BRD:

Jaseiculatus, Br. . 243 pan img Spei EM ‘

fastigiatus, Br. . . 222 348 Neu Hoo Hu . 975

exuosus, Br. . . 243 ULM. et . 950 barbatu * ione . 360

gracilior, F. Muell. 226| — Wallichiana, Kunth 349| difidus, Beckel.. . 373

gracilis, Br. . . . 227 edid Ol? | vabr sellus F.

gracilis, Nees . . 238 ressa, “Beauv. wi uell. 0

lateriflorus, Br. . . 238 Po mbosa, Linn, bre ata A Benth. 364

lateriflorus, Nees . 222| exaltata, je « ET aovi tius 70

latas, Br. . . . .228| formosa, Br.. 513) brevisetis, "Benth... . 360

lacus, Br... . . 233, glandu ulosa, Trin... 514 Sewell Hook. KARRY]

oe muricata, Retz . 514| calostachyus, Benth. 368

A od hiuroides, Benth. um compressus, Benth. . 357

meralothoca a Buell 22 setacea, Roxb, cruentus, Benth. |. 357

983 Roxburghia . k curvifolius, Benth. . 358

REA. ». ¿ 224) javanica, Kunth . : i cygneus, Nees 361, 363

nitens, Nees . . . 226 XBURGHIACEE . . l| deformis, Br. . -

nutans, Br. . . . 289 Ruppia 4 . 174| Drummondii, Benth. 359

oligocephalus, F. Suila, Labill. . 178. efoliatus, F. Muell.. 369

Muell. . . 224| maritima, Linn. .174| elatus, Beckel. . . 372

ornatus, Steud sn B29 elongatus, F. Muell. 381

pallens, Br. . . 227 | Saccharum ericetorum, Br, . . 362

pallens, Nees . 233| fulowm, Br. . . . 526, faleatus, Br. . . . 972

pubescens, Br 242| irritans, Br. . 526| falcatus, Nees 407

setul N . 232 | Sagenia , Nees . 370

sphacelatus, Br.. . 225| melanocaulon, Bail 757| fascicularis, Nees . 370

Steudelii, F. Muell. 229 | Saguerus filum, Labill. . . 409

tenellus, Nees 235| australasicus, Wendl. viculmis, Nees . 361

tetraphyllus, Labill. 228 et Dr. . . . . 143 | flavus, Beckel. . . 360

tremulus, Br. 230| saccharifer, Blum. . 143 | fluitans, Hook. f. . 376

trisepalus, Nees. . 235 Schedonorus. . > . globifer, Nees . . 782

tropicus, Br.. . . . 223 Billardieri, Neos. 656 granmatnphyiani

tropicus, Spreng. . 222| Hookerianus, Benth. 656

unci pg Nees. . 421| littoralis, Beauv. . 655 grandifiorue, P. Mueil.367

am . 240| seirpoideus, Benth. 655| humilis, Benth. . . 374

Rhaphido, 156 | Schelhammera . . . 81| imberbis, Hr. . .*

Cunningham Schott 156| multilora, Br. . . 32| indutus, F. Muell. . 372

ta, Se. 156| multiflora, Lodd. . -33| lanat Z . 357

. 156| undulata, Br. . . 31 , melanostae chyus, Br. 370

. i - + . + 692) ‘minutulus, F. Muell. 363

aie d ; 3| Moorei

uell, bifida, Hook. f. 693| multiglumis, Benth. 368

Muell. 10 : nanus, .

F. bill.. . 693| natans, Benth. . -<

9| . rupestris, Br. . . i T RIS i

9 | Sehi nudus, Steud. . . 408 j

- 948' ensifolium, J. Sm. . 722| obtusifolius, Bæckel. 366 — —

oe de sc

Page

octandrus, F. Muell.

377

odontocarpus, $ |

C LLL ASPETTO Y:

pedicellatus, Benth. 369

pleiostemoneus, F.

Muell. ar ots oh

punctatus, Br 372

punctatus, s. . 408

goann pae; Benth. , 368

sculptus, Bæckel. . 374

—— xc 359

sparte . 971

sli Benth. 358

ent. . 975

à ae Benth. 365

imchycuus dia

turbinatus, ‘Death, 359

piculatus,

vi E 36

vaginatus, F. Muell. 371

2villosus, Br. . . . 367

Seirpidium, Nees 290

Scirpodendron 341

costatum, Kurz 341

sulcatum, Kurz . 942

Scirpus ..92

acutus, Spre ng. 295

arenarius, Benth, , 325

articulatus, Linn 331

autumnalis, Rottb. . 271

barbatus, . 821

Bergianus, Spreng.. 328

rizoides, Benth 326

Brownei, Spreng. . 296

capillaris, Linn. . 322

cartilagincus Spreng. 328

, . 338

compactus, Spren 293

, Beckel. 330

costatus, Bockel. . 330

crassiusculus, Hook.f. ed

cyperoides, eng. .

dobilis, Pur. um 332

Dietrichie, Backel. 329

fluitans, Linn. . 82

fluviatilis, A. Gr. :

Gaudichaudi,Beckel. 330

Gunnii, Boeckel. 28

humillimus, Benth. . 324

inundatus, Spr 329

juncoides, Ro 332

lacustris, Lin . 333

lenticul . 326

leptocarpus,

Mad oder a

334

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page

ieat. itia

Beckel . . 97

maritimus, ^. . 335

Meyenii, Nees . 834

ucronatus, Zinn. . 332

nitens, Bockel. . . 36

Rod. Rottb . 981

plumosus, Br. . . 834

polystachyus, F.

eMe

psi Rottb. . +» 330

milio, da 2r 1n ;..297

e gen . 333

p las: Soom . 327

noe SEE 328

s, Lian. 327

"herus Spr. 29

293

cnet i o . 329

pinus, Linn. . 88

supinus, Bockel 332

tener, Spreng. 29

triqueter, Br. .

triqueter, Gren. et

! odr. 334

Urvillei, Beeckel. 330

293

variegatus,

803

I Page

gin «X camiBAT

argentea, Spring . 678

Belangeri, Spring 79

concinna, Spring 678

flabellata, Spring 678

Preissiana, Spring . 677

pumilio, Spring . . 679

li pem Spring . 618

492

ped. Kunth 496

glauca, Beauv. 2

mac ostach x

. 493

refracta, F, Muell.. pod

setosa,

relat 4 d 4 "d

viridis, Bea .4

iax . MM

ustralis, Br. " mini;

elliptica, Br.. . 7

glycyphylla, Sm. 7

latifolia, Br... . . 7

spinescens, Miq. . 7

Sorghum . . . . 989

fulvum, Beauv 541

Sa emg’ Pers 540

ntrans, Wi, . 541

gparvifloru

lerac Beauv.

cyathopoda,F.Muell. 516 plumosum Beales . 540

denas ooi qeni «4995

Brownii, Kunth. . 429 “ pyllingtoides, Steud. 265

capillaris, Br. . . 429 61

caricina, Ben 42 i F. Muell. . 62

(esas Kunth. . 431 61

mires ed. 431 Tasos, Lu 62

rini . 429 | Sparg . 160

Greens, Backel.. 431 angustifolium, Br. . 160

. 431 | Spathium

ern “Willd. 499| monostachyum, Edg. 188

laxa, Br. . . . . 428| Spheropus

ackaviensis, Boeckel.430| pygmaeus, Bockel. . 427

margaritifera, Willd. 430 | Spinifex . 508

Nove - Roque alterniflorus,. “News: 504

Bee sadip. Bh

Homer Pres tus, Labill. . . 508

pallidi TES, 429 longifolius, Br... . 504

prone. , Br. . 427| paradoxus, Benth. . 904

rugosa, Br 428 4 uke Rees Ne

setosa-as ,

p» cke r 4 Alone, Hegelm. 164

F. Muell. s

rni ) Wild. . 0| "aliqeitaes Net. 521

lerochloa Sporobolus . 620

poria F Panz. . actinocladus, 633

Seafort uell. . ACE

teo "Br. i Jl diander, Beauv.. - oe

elegans, Hoo k. . 141' elongatus, .

804 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page Page.

indieus Br. . . I | poeet . 571} glaucus, Endl. . . 39

Lindleyi, Benth. . career s Trin. . 566 gracilis, Brot 0.744

pallidus, Lindi. . . din ati ipoid . 572) hispidulus, Br. . 89

pulehellus, Br. . . 623 vi tege "frin. . 566| humilis, F. Muell. . 43

is, ruell. . 623 | Stypandra , . 58| intricatus, Endl.. . 44

tenacissimus, Beauy. 622| cespitosa, Br. 54| isantherus, Br. . . 40

virginicus, Kunth . 621| frutescens, Kn. and isantherus, Lindl. . 41

Stawellia . $e GI West. 1", NBL veo, pes et eS

dimorphantha glauca, Br. . . . 53| Lindleyamus, Endl. . 44

F: Mue . . 67| grandiflora, Lindl. . 54 j

Stegani mbricat . 43

alpina, Br 73 propinqua, Cunn 54) Me 43

Jaleata, 735| scabra, B micranthus, Endl 50

Jluviatilis, Br. 137 coparia, Endl. 54| mul Br 3

lanceoluta, Br. . . 736 mbellata, Zr. .U"UD5B| "mus, Endl . . .' 899

WAN, BE. cT Ul got, Endl, . . 54| paniculatus, Dr. . . 42

muda, Hr. 771.07 78 Patersoni, Br. . . 43

Patersoni, Br. . . 784| Tenagocharis pauciflorus, Br. . . 39

procera, Br. . . . 787| cordofana, Hoist: 187| proliferus, Lindl. . 38

Stenochla: ralepi. scaber, Endl . Al

scandens, J. Sm 778\ australis, Steud 352| sparteus, Br

Stenot jo. aha . 553| tenellus, Endl. . 40

americanum, . . 554| tenuis, Lindl. 41 44

Schrank . . . 500 pere apa lis Br. . 553 thyrsoideus, Baker . 42

glabrum, Trin. . . 500| Drummondiana, Nees 554| triandrus, B R o

ce Me dr ure ii pos a, Br. 554| tu wem Br te oe |S

hrc qe levis, Br. . 554 | Tmes sipte . 680

uell. . 570 tenacissima, Nees . 554 Billardieri, Endl. . 681

y lachne, Nees . 569 ciem vei ef . |] Forsteri, Endl. . . 681

commutata, Trin. 510 s, Prol: -.. . 744 hiis m ern. . 680

compressa, Br. . . 567 ar ain em cata, Desv. . . 681

es Gaudich 56 Aum 14 aim . 699

Drummondii, Steud. 567 | Thuarea . . . . . 502 africana, Willd.. . 699

elegantissima, adi 665| involuta, Br. . . . 508 arbara, T. Moore . 699

opus, Benth, . Pad latifolia, Br. . . . 508 n raseri, Hook. et

flavescens, Labill. . media; Br. . . . 508 Lu

flavescens, Nees . . Sh sarmentosa, Pers. . 502 Moon Bak 7.0. 700

hemipogon, Benth. . 569 | Thysanotus . . . . 396|7radescantia

leviculmis, Nees. . 782| anceps, Lindi. . . 45| axillaris, Roxb. . 82

micrantha, Cav.. . 566) anceps, Endl. . . 44| paniculata, Roxb. . 89

mollis, Br. . . . 569| arbuscula, Baker . 45| Tra ied

pentapogon, F. asper, Lindl. . . . 39 s, Desf. . 507

NE 2. -979|. Bankon, Br . 7.43 Trichelostylas,

puberula, Steud. . 571| Baueri, Br. . . . 42| miliacea, Nees . 816

pubescens, Br. . . 569| brevipes, Endl. . . 38 quinquangularis,

inodis, Trin.. . 570) chinensis, Benth. . 40 Nees . 817

pyenostachya,Benth. $68, chryssntherus, F. xyroides, Arn. 305

- 566 40 | Trichochl

rudis, Spreng. 570 Ke 44| simplex, R. et 8 546

È ,970| dichotomus, Br. . 44| Trichodiu

scelerata, Behr 568) div r.. . 44| laxiflorum Mich. . 576

semibarbata, Br. 568; Drummondii, Baker 39| Trichom

Br. . elatior, Br. ton ngustatum, Carm. . 703

pent, Stend. . 571 elongatus; Br. . . 44| apiifolium, Pres. . 708

teretifolia, Steud. . 567| exasperatus, F. lvescens, Bosch . 702

trieho: es m oe 570 Muell... . . 42| 'ecu ; Brack. . 703

566! flexuosus, Br. 44l- digitatum, Sw. . . 702

INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES. 805

Page.

vitio Bory 704, Mitchell, Benth. - t6 ilfa me

javanicum, Blume . 702. parviflora; Br. ei actinoclada, F.

lanoeum, 1 Bory . . 702, procera, Br. . 5207 | Muell. » 62

meifoliwn, Bory. . 703, pungens, Br.. . . 606) capensis, Beauv. . 622

parviflorum, Poir. 704 pungens, Lindl.. . 606 a — Trin. . 623

parvulum, Poir.. . 701 | Tripladenia da po „Beauv, . 622

peltatum, Bak. . . 701 Vrae Don 33 . 622

the tras Hook: . A Triraphis 03 Lindiey, E . 623

idum bromoides, `F. Muell. 604. a, Trin. . 622

S dU, Linn. . 25: danthonioides, F i vir, anede mr 28 821

NE nato 604 Vittaria. 2155, 0000

venosum, Bi . . 702, diantha, F. Muell. . 604, elongata, Sw i AS

vitiense, Bak. . n701 microdon, Benth. . 605 | Vulpia

Tricoryne Pil | mollis, Br. . . . 603| Brauniana, . 665

ceps, B à peu , Br. 604| Browniana, Nees

anceps, Endl. . . 52 Tris . 587| pectinata, Nees . .

elatior, Dr. 2 "$3953 subspicatun, Beauv. 588| rectiseta, : ees . . 065

humilis, Endl. . . 53) Trithur des scabra, Nees . . . 665

uricata, Baker . 52| occidentalis Benth.

platyptera, Reichó. . 51 a, Hook.f. . 199 Wolftia . . 162

P hy Baker . E Pers arrhiz :

cabra, Br. Brownii, Kunth . . 666 Micheli id . 162

8: pectinatum, Br. . . 666| Woodwardia

665 as;

Shs lex, r A

tenella; Br. . . . 52| scabrum, Br. . . . 6 spera, Metten 741

o . . .982| velutinum, Hook. f. 666, caudata, Cav. . .

compressa, Nees. . 383 T , 159| ia faa

fimbr istyloiðes | stifolia, Linn. ;159|Wurmbea = . . -

enth Pe SSA | Uanelleri 160| Drummondii,Berth. 28

Neesii, Ze Àm. | 888 | Shuttleworthii, Sond. she pygmea, Benth.. .

nee Benth. < 382 M tenella, Benth. (528

pauciflora. Benth. . 883 | Typho DUE E 168 tubulosa, Benth... 28

Triglochin . . . . 165 alismifolium, Ž

calcitrapa, Hook. . 167 Mue. EAGER 153 | horrhea . . 112

centrocarpa, Hook. 167 angustlobam, F. | arborea, Br 115

decipiens, Br. . . 166 . + 154| australis, ra Coca RAE

ubium, Br. . . . 169 Brownii, Se 154| bracteata, B

j ieb.. . 166, liliifolium, 7. P Muell. 153| Brunonis, Endl. 117

ride 168 ;

Maundii, F. Muell.. 169 Dnemà.. x. w^ ilis, r5 114

(n F. compacta, Br, . . 494 as 115

. . .167| debilior, F. Muell. . 435 ean F. Mueil. i13

Tieras E PA nervosa, B 4| minor, Br. 114

reng. . r 66 aria, pecoris, F. Muell

mucronata, Br. . tenella, Br 483| Preissii, Endl. 22d

num, F. Muell . 167 | Uniola | pumilio, Br.. . .

Neesii, Endl.. . distichophylla | gul

procera, Br. . . .1 bill. 637 | well. .

racemosum, Endl. . spic Linn. . 637 | semiplana, F.Muell, 115

striata, R. et Pav. . 166 | Urachne ! hloa .- . 501

aid ich. . 166| ramosissima, Trin. . 566 er get eine 1

ichophora, Nees . 167 | Ural | imberbi E s

rindi’ j "a vs D Drimnandi, Ste hon: ze 9| n Benth. . ge

j b dete EM sea, proe = oe - j

ced eme ° à n “i aemula, Br. . . - 100

= » BUB panicoides Beauv. . zi arenaria, eed R x

Wl * Li 607 Beauv. | aspar: f > ae

d Deae Kanth 478! Banks Br. . . - 96

806 INDEX OF GENERA AND SPECIES.

Page ;

Br meri xm 100} multiflora, Br. . . 100| juncea, Br.. . . 79

—— enth. . l04| odora, Endi. . . . 99| lacera, Br. . . . 18

8, Br 107| pau 104| levis, 7

Serica, B 00, Preissii, Hind levis, Nees 380

denticulata, Br. 104, purpurea, Endl 101 ata,

st rigida, Br 98| laxiflora, F. Mu

Drummondii, rigida, Endl, 9| oligantha, Steud 78

99| rupestris, Zndl. . . 106| operculata, Labill 79

a, F. Muell sericea, Endl. . . 101 l , Br 78

echinata, Cunn 112| serra, Endl. . . pauciflora, Willd 77

effusa, 102| Sonderi, F. Muell. . 99, pu a 78

nga 06| sororia, F. Muell. . 100 , Br 77

Endlicheri, F.Mwell. 101| spartea, Endl. . tereti blia, Br 78

filame suaveolens, Endl. . 107 | Xystid

filiformis, Br. . . 103| tenuifolia, Br. . . 104 marital, Trin. . 509

fimbriata, F. Muell. 111| tenuifolia, Endl. 101

flexifolia, Br. . . 105| Thunbergii, F. Mull. 104 | Zannichellia

fluviatilis, Br. . . 98| turbinata, Endl 107} € Vlidrocaspaskm. 180

fragrans, F. Muell. 103) — typhina, Lindl. . . 109 palustris, Hook. f. . (M

glauca, Br. . . . 106 E Mie Endl. . .. 107| ,Preissit, "Lehm.

gracilis, Br. . 104 | Xiphopteri Zostera «

graminea, Endi.. . 105 heterophylla, Spreng, 764 marina, Br. . 176, 177

hasti 110, XYBRI 75 arina, Hook. f. dM

hystriz, Br. NEUE: Xyris. | 04 ss i aaan AO Mueller, i

juncea, F. Muell. . 108| e@emula, Endl. . . 479| nana, Rot 176

laxa, Br. . 104| altissima, Lodd.. . 77| tas vti i ` Mart. Ua

leucocephala, "Br. .109| bracteata, Br. . . 80 | Zoysia e

longifolia, Br. . . 97| complanata, Br.. . 47 pungens, Will. ‘ 508

. . 100! denticulata,Br.. . 78 sna, Heg «a 006

micrantha Endl. . 103 elongata, Rudge .. 77| Zyg

montana, Br.. . . 98) flexifolia, Br. . . 78 M iat. Salisb . 82

muer POR RA Br ili

IP REE:

mucronata, Sieb.. . 106| gracillima, F. Muell. 80

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